https://bou.de/u/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Xie+JiayuChina Studies Wiki - User contributions [en]2026-04-04T07:45:40ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.35.14https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_02&diff=156009Report CN EN 022023-07-03T13:07:43Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：4.船长 Volume1: 4.Master */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Liao Lujia=<br />
==卷一：4.船长 Volume1: 4.Master==<br />
<br />
Master,直译是船长或主人。那么,对他,贝汉廷,怎样译更确切呢?<br />
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Master is literally translated as 船长 or 主人. However, how can we translate it more accurately for him, Bei Hanting?<br />
<br />
Master is literally translated as 船长 or 主人. However, how can we translate it more accurately for him, Bei Hanting?<br />
<br />
我站在“汉川号”的驾驶台甲板上凭栏远眺,深深地思索着。海风迎面扑来, 新鲜而又湿润。远处,是神秘莫测的大海;近处,海鸥在我的脚下飞翔……<br />
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I stand on the bridge deck of the Hanchuan and look out from the fence, thinking deeply. The sea breeze comes head-on, fresh and moist. In the distance, it is the mysterious sea; nearby, seagulls fly under my feet...<br />
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I stand on the navigation deck of the Hanchuan and look out from the fence, thinking deeply. The sea breeze comes head-on, fresh and moist. In the distance, it is the mysterious sea; nearby, seagulls fly under my feet...<br />
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刚才,在和海员们的谈话中,有什么搅动了我的心,为了掩饰我的泪水,我才离开船舱。但现在,在这蓝天与大海之间,我仍然不能平静,思绪的波涛追逐着海水,去得很远很远……（I change 冈才 with 刚才）<br />
<br />
Just now, in the conversation with the seafarers, something stirred my heart. I leave the cabin in order to hide my tears. But now, between the blue sky and the sea, I still can't calm down. The waves of thoughts chase the sea and go far away…<br />
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Just now, in the conversation with the seafarers, something stirred my heart. I leave the cabin in order to hide my tears. But now, between the blue sky and the sea, I still can't calm down. The waves of thoughts chase the sea and go far away…<br />
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不知怎么,我ー下子离开主题,忽然想起二十多年前我给小读者写的一首诗, 告诉他们什么叫作海员。<br />
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Somehow, I digress from the subject and suddenly remember a poem I wrote to young readers more than 20 years ago, telling them what a seaman was.<br />
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Somehow, I digress from the subject and suddenly remember a poem I wrote to young readers more than 20 years ago, telling them what a seaman was.<br />
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我不禁噙泪而笑了。那时我是那样年轻,在生活的海洋里几乎未经沉浮,我懂得海员吗?那时的小读者今天应该也是三十多岁的人了,他们怕也有自己的孩子了。经历过十多年的狂飙巨浪,他们还像儿时那样天真地向往海洋吗?天真,也许 是消失了,但向往——还应该向往。那么,就让我再给他们讲一个海员的故事吧!（I change 嚙 with 噙）<br />
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I couldn't help laughing with tears. At that time, I was so young and hardly experienced ups and downs in the ocean of life. Did I know seafarers? The young readers at that time should be in their thirties today, and I guess they have had their own children. After experiencing more than ten years of surging waves, do they still yearn for the ocean as naively as they did when they were children? Innocence may have disappeared, but yearning should still exist. Then, let me tell them another story about a seaman!<br />
<br />
I couldn't help laughing with tears. At that time, I was so young and hardly experienced ups and downs in the ocean of life. Did I know seafarers? The young readers at that time should be in their thirties today, and they may have their own children. After experiencing more than ten years of surging waves, do they still yearn for the ocean as naively as they did when they were children? Innocence may have disappeared, but yearning should still exist. Then, let me tell them another story about a seaman!<br />
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讲ー个海员,ー个水手,ー个船长,ー个master的真实的故事吧……<br />
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I will tell a true story of a seaman, a sailor, a captain and a master...<br />
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I will tell a true story of a seaman, a sailor, a captain and a master...<br />
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汉堡港的变奏<br />
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Variations on the Port of Hamburg<br />
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Variations on the Port of Hamburg<br />
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汉堡港是美丽的。岸上,一幢幢红色和黄色的建筑物;港口,碧蓝的海水翻卷着银白的浪花……<br />
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Port of Hamburg was beautiful. On the shore, red and yellow buildings could be seen. In the port, the turquoise sea water rolled over the white waves...<br />
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The Port of Hamburg was beautiful. On the shore, there were red and yellow buildings. In the port, the turquoise sea water rolled over the white waves...<br />
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汉堡港是忙碌的。每天来来往往,穿梭着各国的船舶,码头上吊杆起落……但工人的脚步是稳重的,德国人原是出名的有秩序。ー百多年来,汉堡港早就形成了 自己的节奏ーー有条不紊,按部就班,寓丰富于单纯,多变化而又精密……就像成熟的乐队演奏熟悉的乐曲。<br />
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The Port of Hamburg was busy. In it were ships shuttling from all over the world, and the suspenders on the docks rising and falling... But the workers' footsteps are steady, because the Germans were famous for their order. For more than 100 years, Port of Hamburg has formed its own rhythm in an orderly manner, which was content-rich but simple, varied but precise… Just like a mature band playing familiar music.<br />
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The Port of Hamburg was busy. Ships shuttled from here to other countries, and the suspenders on the docks rose and fell... But the workers' footsteps were steady, because the Germans were famous for their order. For more than 100 years, the Port of Hamburg had formed its own rhythm in an orderly manner, which was content-rich but simple, varied but precise… Just like a mature band playing familiar music.<br />
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但,有一次,汉堡港竟改变了它正常的节奏:港口、码头、装卸公司、服务公司频 繁来往,电话不断;货主、代理、大小工头、理货组长和工人们都激动不已,甚至连正 好停泊在港口、有尊严而又自信的十几个老船长也打破常规,开了一条小艇,集体下海去了。<br />
<br />
However, on one occasion, Port of Hamburg changed its normal rhythm: ports, docks, loading and unloading companies and service companies frequently came and went, and telephone calls continued; shippers, agents, foremen, chief tallymen and workmen were so excited that even a dozen dignified and confident old masters, who happened to moor their ships in the port, broke the routine and sailed a small boat and went to the sea.<br />
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However, on one occasion, the Port of Hamburg changed its normal rhythm: ports, docks, loading and unloading companies and service companies frequently came and went, and the telephone call was ceaseless; shippers, agents, foremen, chief tallymen and workmen were so excited and even a dozen dignified and confident old masters, who happened to moor their ships in the port, broke the routine and sailed a small boat and went to the sea.<br />
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是什么引起了这骚动呢?台风吗?惊涛骇浪吗?都不是。一百多年的港口了,任何风浪都改变不了它的节奏。<br />
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What caused the commotion? Typhoon? The stormy waves? Neither. A port with more than 100-year history was not susceptible to any wind or waves.<br />
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What caused the commotion? Typhoon? Stormy waves? Neither. A port with more than 100-year history was not susceptible to any wind or waves.<br />
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使得汉堡港变奏的,说也奇怪,是一条船,就是中国远洋公司上海分公司的这艘远洋货轮——“汉川号”。<br />
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What made it change, strange to say, was a ship. That was the ocean-going freighter Hanchuan belonging to Shanghai Branch of China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company.<br />
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What made it change, strange to say, was a ship. That was the ocean-going freighter Hanchuan belonging to Shanghai Branch of China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company.<br />
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码头上人头攒动,指指点点,“汉川”“汉川”之声不绝。有的人还特地带了老婆孩子来参观,说是让他们见见世面。明媚的阳光,彩色的裙衫,童声稚气的欢笑, 一下子使得汉堡港这支一百多年的古曲,焕发出青春的明丽,奏出了奇异而动人的旋律。<br />
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The dock was jam-packed with people, who were pointing and shouting "Hanchuan" endlessly. Some people even brought their wives and children to see the elephant. Bright sunshine, colorful skirts and childish laughter suddenly made Port of Hamburg, an ancient song for more than 100 years, glow with youthful beauty and play a bizarre and moving melody.<br />
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The dock was jam-packed with people, who were pointing and shouting "Hanchuan" endlessly. Some people even brought their wives and children to see the elephant. Bright sunshine, colorful skirts and childish laughter suddenly made the Port of Hamburg, an ancient song with a history of more than a hundred years, glow with youthful beauty and play a bizarre and moving melody.<br />
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这是1978年4月的一个星期天。<br />
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It was a Sunday in April 1978.<br />
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It was a Sunday in April 1978.<br />
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故事却要从3月说起……<br />
<br />
But the story begins in March...<br />
<br />
But the story began in March...<br />
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3月21日,“汉川号”在驶欧途中接到公司电报,返航时在汉堡港装运天津化纤厂成套设备,国内急用!<br />
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On March 21st, the Hanchuan received a telegram from its company on its way to Europe, and it was asked to ship complete sets of equipment for Tianjin Chemical Fiber Factory in Port of Hamburg when returning home, because it was urgently needed in China!<br />
<br />
On March 21st, the Hanchuan received a telegram from its company on its way to Europe, and it was asked to ship a complete set of equipment for Tianjin Chemical Fiber Factory in the Port of Hamburg when it returned, because the equipment was urgently needed in China!<br />
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但抵港之后,港口却给安排了一些杂货。原来代理认为中国船根本运不了这套设备,因为这套设备极不规则,很多都是超长、超高、超重件,且又贵重,其中任何 ー个部件有任何一点损坏或漏运,都会误工误时,造成严重损失。何况按照惯例, 港口从来都把贵重的成套设备交给他们认为工效最高的德国船运。当然,这些话并未直说,说的是:“这套设备任何一条船也装不下,‘汉川号’尽可以运别的货嘛。”<br />
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But after arriving in the port, they were arranged some groceries. Originally, the agent thought that Chinese ships could not transport this set of equipment at all, because it was extremely irregular, and many of them were super-long, super-high, overweight and expensive. Any damage or missed shipment of any parts would cause serious losses. Besides, by convention, ports always hand over valuable complete sets of equipment to German ships that they think are the most efficient. Of course, agents did not say that directly, but said: "This set of equipment can't be put in any ship. Why doesn’t Hanchuan transport other goods?"<br />
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But after arriving at the port, it was arranged some groceries. It turned out that the agent thought that the Chinese ship could not transport this set of equipment at all, because it was extremely irregular, and many of them were super-long, super-high, overweight and expensive. Any damage or missed shipment of any parts would delay the work and waste time, causing serious losses. Besides, by convention, ports always hand over valuable complete sets of equipment to German ships they think are the most efficient. Of course, the agent did not say that directly, but said: "Any ship is too small to hold this set of equipment. The Hanchuan can transport other goods."<br />
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但是,以贝汉廷为首的“汉川号”还认准了非装这批货不可!理由嘛:一是国内急需;二是成套设备运输费高;三是你外国人能做的,我们中国人就也能做,凭什么小看人！当然,这话也没直说,说的是：“谢谢你们的好意,但是我们可以一船装走。我们行!”<br />
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However, the Hanchuan headed by Bei Hanting held that this batch of goods must be loaded! Reasons are as follows: First, it is urgently needed in China; Second, the transportation cost of complete sets of equipment is high; Third, what you foreigners can do, we Chinese can also do, so why underestimate people! Of course, these words were not spitted out. They were: Thank you for your kindness, but we can load it in one boat. We can do it!"<br />
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However, the Hanchuan headed by Bei Hanting insisted that it must load this batch of goods! Reasons were as follows: First, it is urgently needed in China; Second, the transportation cost of a complete set of equipment is high; Third, what you foreigners can do, we Chinese can also do, so why underestimate us! Of course, these words were not spitted out. They said: "Thank you for your kindness, but we can load it in one ship. We can do it!"<br />
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行不行,这可不像国内搞大批判、揪“走资派”那么容易。只要戴上袖章,抢过话筒,哇里哇啦喊一通,谁帽子大、上纲高,谁就胜利。这可是国际港口,面对的都是专家,ー张嘴就知道你有多少斤两,空话、大话引来的只有讪笑。何况这是航海, 是科学,大海可不是被剥夺了一切权利的“走资派”,大海是要发言的,稍有一点儿 不实事求是,不科学,它就要惩罚你！就会让你船覆货沉,葬身鱼腹。因此,这个“行”字可是一字千金,开不得半点儿玩笑！<br />
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It was not as easy as criticizing others massively and finding capitalist roaders in China. As long as you put on your armband, grab the microphone, shout loudly, have great power and regard the problem as class conflicts, you will win. However, this was an international port, and all of them faced experts. They would know your ability when you said something. Empty talk and big talk only attracted laughter. Besides, this was about navigation and science. The sea was not a capitalist roader deprived of all rights. The sea wanted to speak. If you didn’t think of the real situation and science, it will punish you! It will make your ship sink and the goods fall in the belly of a fish. Therefore, the sentence "We can do it" was full of pearls of wisdom, which couldn’t be a joke!<br />
<br />
It was not as easy as criticizing others massively and uncovering capitalist roaders in China. As long as you put on your armband, grab the microphone, shout loudly, have great power and regard the problems as class conflicts, you will win. However, this was an international port, and what they faced were all experts. They would know your ability when you said something. Empty talk and big talk only attracted laughter. Besides, this was about navigation and science. The sea was not a capitalist roader deprived of all rights. The sea would speak. If you didn’t think of the real situation and science, it would punish you! It would make your ship sink and the goods fall into the belly of fish. Therefore, the sentence "We can do it" was full of pearls of wisdom, and there was no joking about it!<br />
<br />
贝汉廷是有名的老船长了,他坚持说“行”,外国人也不得不掂量掂量,于是ー 伸手说:“拿来！”“什么？”“配载图。”贝汉廷微笑着摊开了图纸。行家搭眼一看就愣住了,不由得脱口说了一个“好”！<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was a famous old master. He insisted on saying "yes", and foreigners had to ponder it, so they reached out and said, "Give me!", "What?" "Cargo plan." Bei Hanting smiled and spread out the drawing. The experts were stunned when they looked at it, and couldn't help blurting out "good"!<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was a famous old master. He insisted on saying "can", and foreigners had to ponder it, so they reached out and said, "Give me!" "What?" "Cargo plan." Bei Hanting spread out the drawing with a smile. The experts were stunned when they looked at it, and couldn't help blurting out "good"!<br />
<br />
这是一幅何等详尽的配载图啊!图上布满了密密麻麻的图形和数字,成千上万个部件,不仅各有各的装载部位,而且件件有尺码,有重量,有体积,件件有标号。<br />
<br />
What a detailed cargo plan this was! The drawing was full of figures and numbers, and thousands of parts. It not only had their own loading parts, but also had sizes, weights, volumes and labels.<br />
<br />
What a detailed cargo plan it was! The drawing was full of figures and numbers. Thousands of parts not only had their own loading positions, but also all had sizes, weights, volumes and labels.<br />
<br />
可怎么有几件甲板货高出了船舱,伸出了船舷?这可是不安全的吧?……<br />
<br />
But how can several deck cargo be higher than the cabin and extend out of the port and starboard? This was not safe, was it?<br />
<br />
But how can several deck cargos be higher than the cabin and extend out of the ship's rail? It was not safe, was it? ...<br />
<br />
谁知贝汉廷笑嘻嘻地说出了到达、离港及航行中最佳、最差稳心的全部计算数据,同时还分析了4月的沿途气候:英吉利海峡怎样,直布罗陀海峡如何;比斯开湾及北大西洋的冬季风暴已过,地中海也如此;印度洋虽长期平均六七级风,但此刻 西南季风盛行的季节还未开始……沿途均属无风暴间隙,正是一年里航海的黄金季节。当然,也可能出现最坏情况,那就是印度洋阿拉伯海南部东经60度以东提前开始西南季风,可能出现八九级大风,那也没关系,我们可以采取改变航向、变更 航速、减轻正面迎风及开慢车等ー系列技术措施嘛!<br />
<br />
It was surprised that Bei Hanting smiled and said all the calculation data of the best and worst metacenter in arrival, departure and navigation, and also analyzed the climate along the way in April: what is the English Channel and the Strait of Gibraltar; Winter storms have passed in the Bay of Biscay and the North Atlantic, as have the Mediterranean; Although the Indian Ocean has a long-term average of strong breeze and near gale, the season when the southwest monsoon prevails has not yet started... There is no storm gap along the way, which is the golden season of sailing in a year. Of course, the worst case may occur, that is, the southwest monsoon starts ahead of schedule to the east of 60 degrees east longitude in the southern Arabian Sea of the Indian Ocean, and there may be fresh gale or strong gale. It doesn't matter. We can take a series of technical measures such as changing course and speed, reducing frontal windward and sailing slowly!<br />
<br />
It was surprised that Bei Hanting smiled and said all the calculation data of the best and worst metacenter in arrival, departure and navigation, and also analyzed the climate along the route in April: how is the English Channel and the Strait of Gibraltar; Winter storms have passed in the Bay of Biscay and the North Atlantic, as has the Mediterranean; Although the Indian Ocean has a long-term average of strong breeze or near gale, the season when the southwest monsoon prevails has not yet started... There is no storm gap along the route, which is the golden season of sailing in a year. Of course, the worst case may occur, that was, the southwest monsoon starts ahead of schedule to the east of 60 degrees east longitude in the southern Arabian Sea of the Indian Ocean, and there may be fresh gale or strong gale. It doesn't matter. We can take a series of technical measures such as changing course and speed, reducing frontal windward and sailing slowly!<br />
<br />
好一个贝汉廷!这哪里是什么配载图及其注释,简直是一份科学报告!德国 人不由得伸出手拍着贝汉廷的肩说:“祝贺你有个好大副。”贝汉廷彬彬有礼地躬 了一下身说:“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
What a knowledgeable man! This was not a cargo plan and its annotations, but a scientific report! The German couldn't help reaching out and patting Bei Hanting on the shoulder and saying, "Congratulations on having a good chief officer." Bei Hanting bowed politely and said, "Thank you."<br />
<br />
What a knowledgeable man! This was not a cargo plan and its annotations, but a scientific report! The German couldn't help reaching out and patting Bei Hanting on the shoulder and saying, "Congratulations on having a good chief officer." Bei Hanting bowed politely and said, "Thank you."<br />
<br />
德国人哪里想得到,这张配载图早已超出了大副的业务范围,它是船长、政委、大副和所有技术力量27个不眠之夜的结晶。是他们,利用卸货期每天拿着尺子跑 码头,将货物一件件量了过来,并根据船舱甲板所有部位的不同形状、结构及负荷, 经过反复的核算和排列,求出了这种最合理的配载方案。<br />
<br />
The Germans can’t figure out that this cargo plan has long been beyond the business scope of the chief officer. It is the fruit of 27 sleepless nights of master, the secretary of the commissar, chief officer and all technical forces. It was they who ran to the dock with a ruler every day during the unloading period, measured the goods one by one, and worked out the most reasonable stowage scheme after repeated accounting and arrangement according to the different shapes, structures and loads of all parts of the cabin deck.<br />
<br />
The Germans couldn't figure out that this cargo plan had long been beyond the business scope of the chief officer. It was the fruit of 27 sleepless nights of the master, the secretary of the commissar, the chief officer and all technical forces. It was they who ran to the dock with a ruler every day during the unloading period, measured the goods one by one, and worked out the most reasonable stowage scheme after they repeated accounting and arrangement according to the different shapes, structures and loads of all parts of the cabin deck.<br />
<br />
那些日子里,全船像要参加国际棋赛ー样,把货舱、甲板的布置图纸（1：100）贴在木板上,把货物按比例缩小做成硬纸模型,反复组合,这盘特殊的“棋”足足对弈了几百次…… <br />
<br />
In those days, workers in the whole ship seemed to participate in the international chess game. They pasted the layout drawings of the cargo hold and deck (1: 100) on the wooden board, and the cargo was scaled down to make a cardboard model, which was repeatedly combined. This special chess was played hundreds of times...<br />
<br />
In those days, workers on the whole ship seemed to participate in the international chess game. They pasted the layout drawings of the hold and deck (1: 100) on the wooden board, and the cargos were scaled down to a cardboard model, which was repeatedly combined. This special chess was played hundreds of times...<br />
<br />
代理不知道,但他被科学说服了,于是开始装货。<br />
<br />
The agent didn't know, but he was persuaded by science, so he started loading up.<br />
<br />
The agent didn't know it, but he was persuaded by the science, so he started loading up.<br />
<br />
一号工头吉亚特是个有几十年工龄的行家里手,两撇小胡子,矮小而精明,极有本事又看不起中国人。“汉川号”的大副根本指挥不动他。<br />
<br />
Gyatt, a lead foreman, was an expert with decades of length of service. He was short and shrewd, with a moustache on his face, and despised Chinese people. The chief officer of Hanchuan couldn't command him at all.<br />
<br />
Gyatt, a lead foreman, was an expert with decades of length of service. He was short and shrewd, with a moustache on his face, and was very capable but despised Chinese people. The chief officer of Hanchuan couldn't command him at all.<br />
<br />
在装第三舱时,吉亚特自作主张将其中两个大件不按配载图装。贝汉廷接到 报告后匆匆赶到现场与他理论时,エ头满不在乎地拍着胸脯说:“我有把握!”<br />
<br />
When loading the third cabin, Gyatt took the initiative to load two large pieces without following the cargo plan. When Bei Hanting hurried to the scene to argue with him after receiving the report, he patted his chest carelessly and said, "I am sure!"<br />
<br />
When loading the third cabin, Gyatt took the initiative to load two large pieces without following the cargo plan. When Bei Hanting hurried to the scene to argue with him after receiving the report, the foreman patted his chest carelessly and said, "I am sure!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷再三劝阻他:“这样你会被动的。”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting repeatedly dissuaded him: "Then you will be in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting repeatedly dissuaded him: "Then you will be in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
吉亚特翘着小胡子说:“我从来没有被动过。”<br />
<br />
Gyatt said with his moustache cocking, "I have never been in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
Gyatt said with his moustache cocking, "I have never been in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
“如果最后装不下,由你重装,误エ误期一切损失由你负责。”<br />
<br />
"If it can't be installed in the end, you will reload them, and you will be responsible for all the losses caused by the delay."<br />
<br />
"If it can't be put in the ship in the end, you will reload them, and you will be responsible for all the losses caused by the delay."<br />
<br />
“那是自然。”吉亚特说。<br />
<br />
"Of course." Gyatt said.<br />
<br />
"Of course." Gyatt said.<br />
<br />
一天过去了,两天过去了,第三天吉亚特满头大汗地来找贝汉廷:果然,ー个 16米的大件放不下去了,硬放下去也关不上舱盖,而不关舱盖是不能启航的,何况舱盖上早已计划好了配载别的货物呢！贝汉廷早已有话在先,这一下,骄傲的工头可卡了壳啦!支部动员了全船的技术力量,重新修正部分配载,在中德两国工人的 共同努力下,最后把一个大件的包装木箱锯掉了一个角,用四个铲车斜着铲了进去,稳稳当当地盖上了舱盖。在场的工人都拍手称好,大叫“精彩”。小胡子吉亚特摊开双手,耸了耸肩说：“太奇妙了 !这些货简直是按你们船舱的尺码定做的!”从此他客气得不得了,工人装货尺寸稍有出入,他立即纠正说：“不,不,请按配载图!”<br />
<br />
One day passed. Two days passed. And on the third day, Gyatt, sweating profusely, came to Bei Hanting. Without doubt, a 16-meter-long piece could not be put down, and the hatch cover could not be closed if it was put down forcefully, and it was impossible to set sail without closing the hatch cover, not to mention that other goods had already been planned on the hatch cover! Bei Hanting had already said something first, so the proud foreman was in a dilemma! The branch mobilized the technical force of the whole ship and revised part of the stowage. With the joint efforts of Chinese and German workers, it finally sawed off a corner of a large packing wooden box, shoveled it in obliquely with four forklifts, and covered the hatch cover firmly. All the workers on the scene clapped their hands and shouted "wonderful". Moustache Gyatt spread out his hands, shrugged his shoulders and said, "It's fantastic! These goods are simply customized according to the size of your cabin!" From then on, he was extremely polite, and when the loading conducted by workers was different, he immediately corrected and said, "No, no, please load according to the cargo plan!"<br />
<br />
One day passed, two days passed, and on the third day, Gyatt, sweating profusely, came to Bei Hanting. Without doubt, a 16-meter-long piece could not be put down, and the hatch cover could not be closed if it was put down forcefully, and it was impossible to set sail without closing the hatch cover, not to mention that other goods had already been planned on the hatch cover! Bei Hanting had already said something first, so the proud foreman was in a dilemma! The branch mobilized the technical force of the whole ship and revised parts of the stowage. With the joint efforts of Chinese and German workers, a corner of a large packing wooden box was finally sawed off, shoveled in obliquely with four forklifts, and the hatch cover was firmly covered. All the workers on the scene clapped their hands and shouted "wonderful". Moustache Gyatt spread out his hands, shrugged his shoulders and said, "It's fantastic! These goods are simply customized according to the size of your cabin!" From then on, he was extremely polite, and when the loading conducted by workers was different, he immediately corrected and said, "No, no, please load according to the cargo plan!"<br />
<br />
货装妥了。代理等人纷纷上船祝贺,一致说：“像这样的货,我们德国有经验的 老水手也绑不好,何况贵船海员多是新手。这么娇贵的货,弄坏一件可不得了哇!这船货,你们公司发财了,光运费就200多万外汇。花几个绑扎费也值得。”<br />
<br />
After the goods had been loaded, agents and others boarded the ship to congratulate one after another, and unanimously said, "We experienced old sailors in Germany can't tie goods like this, not to mention that most sailors on your ship are novices. It's terrible to break one of such delicate goods! With this cargo, your company has made a fortune, and the freight alone is more than 2 million foreign exchanges. It is worthwhile to spend more binding fees."<br />
<br />
After the goods had been loaded, agents and others boarded the ship to congratulate one after another, and unanimously said, "Our experienced old sailors in Germany can't tie goods like this, not to mention that most sailors on your ship are novices. It's terrible to break one of such delicate goods! With this cargo, your company has made a fortune, and the freight alone is more than 2 million foreign exchanges. It is worthwhile to spend the binding fees."<br />
<br />
但是,“汉川号”仍然决定自己来绑扎:一是自己绑的货心中有数,便于途中检查;二是我国远洋事业在飞速发展,正好借此锤炼海员;三呢,绑扎费用要好几万马克,船员们舍不得。于是ー场绑扎大战开始了。<br />
<br />
However, workers in the Hanchuan still decided to bind themselves. First, the goods tied by themselves are familiar for them, which is convenient for inspection on the way; Second, China's ocean-going industry is developing rapidly, so it’s a good chance for seafarers; Third, the binding fees is tens of thousands DM, and the crew are short of cash. So a binding war began.<br />
<br />
However, workers in the Hanchuan still decided to bind themselves. First, the goods tied by themselves are familiar for them, which is convenient for inspection on the way; Second, China's ocean-going industry is developing rapidly, so it’s a good chance for seafarers; Third, the binding fees is tens of thousands DM, and the crew are short of cash. So a binding war began.<br />
<br />
有的同志背拉着50多米的钢丝绳爬上了6米高的圆锅炉;有的钻到货物下面仰身安装克莱姆;有的在装得满满的、侧身难行的货物间来回运送绑扎材料;有的用墨线一一记下货物位置,以便在风浪中随时检查有无移位……手勒肿了,不哼一声;人累瘦了,不肯休息;年轻的小泮磕掉了门牙也在所不惜。这一切的一切,都是为了在“四化”的储蓄罐里投下一枚枚外汇!<br />
<br />
Some workers climbed the 6-meter-high round boiler with more than 50 meters of wire rope on their backs; Some squeezed through the goods and installed Clem by laying upon their backs; Some transported binding materials back and forth between full goods that were difficult for people to walk sideways; Some used ink lines to write down the position of the goods so as to check whether there was displacement at any time in the wind and waves... Although their hands were swollen, they didn’t complain ; Although they lost weight because of tiredness, they refused to rest. Young Pan knocked out his front teeth for binding regardless of the cost. All this was to cast foreign exchanges in the piggy bank of the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
Some workers climbed the 6-meter-high round boiler with more than 50 meters of wire rope on their backs; Some squeezed through the goods and installed Clem by laying upon their backs; Some transported binding materials back and forth between full goods that were difficult for people to walk sideways; Some used ink lines to write down the position of the goods so as to check whether there was displacement at any time in the wind and waves... Although their hands were swollen, they didn’t complain; Although they lost weight because of tiredness, they refused to rest. Young Pan knocked out his front teeth for binding regardless of the cost. All of these were to cast foreign exchanges in the piggy bank of the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
绑扎前验货师曾再三威胁说:绑扎不合格绝不发证书。第一天,贝船长陪他检验一遭,共同找出了几处毛病,他摇了摇头,大不以为然。但是,从第二天起,他就再也找不出毛病了。第三天,他竟然未等绑扎完毕就开来了检货证明,并且声称他已不必再到船上来了,因为贝船长的要求比他更严格。他说:“这样的绑法在海上 船摇三四十度也不会出问题,我相信我的眼睛。”<br />
<br />
Before binding, the inspector repeatedly stressed that the certificate would never be issued if the binding was unqualified. On the first day, Master Bei accompanied him to inspect and found out several problems together. He shook his head and disagreed. However, from the next day, he couldn't find anything wrong. On the third day, he sent the inspection certificate before the binding was finished, and claimed that he didn't have to come to the ship again because Captain Bai was more strict. He said: "This binding method will not cause problems even when the ship tilts 30 or 40 degrees at sea. I believe my eyes."<br />
<br />
Before binding, the cargo surveyor repeatedly stressed that the certificate would never be issued if the binding was unqualified. On the first day, Master Bei accompanied him to inspect and found out several problems together. He shook his head and disagreed. However, the next day, he couldn't find anything wrong. On the third day, he sent the inspection certificate before the binding was finished, and claimed that he didn't have to come to the ship again because Captain Bai was more strict. He said: "This binding method will not cause problems even when the ship tilts 30 or 40 degrees on the sea. I believe my eyes."<br />
<br />
“汉川号”就是这样引起了汉堡港的变奏,为我国的海员,为我们的祖国争得了荣誉。<br />
<br />
This is how the Hanchuan caused the variation of the Port of Hamburg, and won honor for our seafarers and our motherland.<br />
<br />
This was how the Hanchuan caused the variations of the Port of Hamburg, and won the honor for our seafarers and our motherland.<br />
<br />
于是就来到了 4月的那个明媚的星期天。在妇女和孩子的欢呼声中,那个交通小艇坐得满满的,绕着“汉川号”转,为的是让行家的眼睛记下“汉川号”甲板配 载的各个角度。他们不断地发出赞叹之声,好像着迷的观众围在舞台四周对心爱的艺术家喝彩一样。<br />
<br />
So it came to the bright Sunday in April. Amid the cheers of women and children, the traffic boat was full and turned around the Hanchuan, so that the experts could remember the various angles of the deck stowage of the Hanchuan. They kept making sounds of admiration, as if fascinated audience gathered around the stage to cheer for their beloved artists.<br />
<br />
So it came to the bright Sunday in April. Amid the cheers of women and children, the traffic boat was full and turned around the Hanchuan, so that the experts could remember the various angles of the deck stowage of the Hanchuan. They kept making sounds of admiration, as if fascinated audience gathered around the stage to cheer for their beloved artists.<br />
<br />
而引起如此轰动的“汉川号”船长贝汉廷不但没有频频谢幕,反而连面也没露,他满头大汗地躲在船舱里和政委、大副们ー起商量怎样婉谢一定要上船拍照的报社和电视台的记者。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, the master of the Hanchuan, who caused such a sensation, not only did not show his gratitude frequently, but did not even appear. He hid in the cabin sweating profusely and discussed with the secretary of the commissars and chief officer how to decline the reporters of newspapers and TV stations who must take pictures on board.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, the master of the Hanchuan, who caused such a sensation, not only did not show his gratitude frequently, but did not even appear. He hid in the cabin sweating profusely and discussed with the secretary of the commissars and chief officers how to decline the reporters of newspapers and TV stations who must take pictures on board.<br />
<br />
“今天想起来,是多么愚蠢啊!拒绝人家给我们免费宣传。”贝汉廷笑着对我说可那会儿,思想就是没解放嘛!当然,后来在我们离港时,他们还是从雷达站上进行了拍照,而且登在报上说:‘这是汉堡港ー百多年没有过的……’”<br />
<br />
"How stupid it is to think of it today! Refuse them to promote us for free." Bei Hanting said to me with a smile, “but at that time, we don’t emancipate the mind! When we left the port later, however, they took photos from the radar station and published them in the newspaper, saying, ‘This is not seen in the Port of Hamburg for more than 100 years...' "<br />
<br />
"How stupid it was to think of it today! Refused them to promote us for free." Bei Hanting said to me with a smile, “but at that time, we didn’t emancipate the mind! When we left the port later, they still took photos from the radar station and published them in the newspaper, saying, ‘This is not seen in the Port of Hamburg for more than 100 years...' "<br />
<br />
他挥挥手,不肯说那些赞美之词,怎么也不肯。<br />
<br />
He waved his hand and refused to say those compliments, not at all.<br />
<br />
He waved his hand and refused to say those compliments, not at all.<br />
<br />
从南市来的孩子<br />
<br />
Children from Nanshi District<br />
<br />
Children from Nanshi District<br />
<br />
人们说:搞远洋航行的人,应该像大海一样渊博,应该既是航海家,又是科学家,还是艺术家……<br />
<br />
People say that those who sail in the ocean should be as knowledgeable as the sea, and should be navigators, scientists and artists...<br />
<br />
People say that those who sail in the ocean should be as knowledgeable as the sea, and should be navigators, scientists and artists...<br />
<br />
在没有见到贝汉廷时,我曾猜测过他的相貌。见了面之后,我觉得他——也像,也不像。像,他确实有点科学家的味道,讲起话来有根有据,像计算机一样精确,又像水银一样灵敏。不像嘛,那么小小的个子,穿着一件破衬衫、一条短裤（据说要一直穿到下雪）,待人彬彬有礼,哪里像个威严的船长呢!<br />
<br />
Before I saw Bei Hanting, I guessed his appearance. After meeting him, I think he is like a scientist, and is not like a scientist. For the former one, he does have the temperament of a scientist. His words hold water and are as accurate as a computer and as sensitive as mercury. For the latter one, he is such a small man, wearing a broken shirt and shorts (which are said to be worn until it snows), and is polite to others, which has no relationship with a master living in dignity!<br />
<br />
Before I saw Bei Hanting, I guessed his appearance. After meeting him, I think he is like a scientist, and is not like a scientist. For the former one, he does have the temperament of the scientist. His words hold water and are as accurate as a computer and as sensitive as mercury. For the latter one, he is such a small man, wearing a broken shirt and shorts (which are said to be worn until it snows), and is polite to others, which has no relationship with a master living in dignity!<br />
<br />
我知道他受过很好的教育,是老交通大学航海系的学生,是我们最早的几艘远洋轮的船长之一,有很丰富的航海知识,能说很流利的英语,但他是怎样,又是为什么走向大海的呢?<br />
<br />
I know that he is highly educated, and a student of the navigation department of the old Shanghai Jiao Tong University, as he is one of the captains of our earliest ocean-going ships. He has rich navigation knowledge and can speak fluent English. But how and why did he go to the sea?<br />
<br />
I know that he is highly educated, a student of the navigation department of the old Shanghai Jiao Tong University, as he was one of the captains of our earliest ocean-going ships. He has rich navigation knowledge and can speak fluent English. But how and why did he go to the sea?<br />
<br />
“我生在上海,从小在南市长大。南市,晓得吗?”<br />
<br />
"I was born in Shanghai and grew up in Nanshi. Do you know it?"<br />
<br />
"I was born in Shanghai and grew up in Nanshi. Do you know Nanshi?"<br />
<br />
南市吗?晓得的。那是共和国成立前上海比较贫困的商业区。小商小贩很多,文化比较落后……随着他的叙述,我想起了那里泥泞的街道,狭窄的店铺,流里流气的白相人,还有衣衫褴褛、面有菜色的黄包车夫和苦力……<br />
<br />
Nanshi? I know. It was a poor business district in Shanghai before the founding of the People’s Republic of China. There were many small business hawkers, and the culture was relatively backward... With his narration, I think of muddy streets, narrow shops, frivolous white people, peaky rickshaw drivers and coolies with rags...<br />
<br />
Nanshi? I know. It was a poor business district in Shanghai before the founding of the People’s Republic of China. There were many small business hawkers, and the culture was relatively backward... With his narration, I think of muddy streets, narrow shops, frivolous white people, peaky rickshaw drivers and coolies with rags...<br />
<br />
“我最小,哥哥姐姐都只上过ー两年小学。后来哥哥做工了,他拼命要让我上学,为这,母亲十分不愿意呢!小学毕业了,在南市就不得了啦,还要上中学!亲戚 朋友都没听说过。可是哥哥坚持,他后来在一个研究院工作,看见过科学家,他认定了科学和文化会给人光明。他一定要让我考中学,而且必须考有名的上海中学。”于是这个从南市来的瘦小而机灵的孩子就这样跨进了中学的大门。上海中学当时是大名鼎鼎的,来上学的多是书香门第和名流的子女。这些孩子学习基础好, 文化素养高。小贝汉廷是多么惊奇地看着有的同学大笔一挥就写出那样优美的作文,老师拿来就在全班朗读。他又是那样羡慕那些数学动不动就拿120分、年年考第一的同学。但是他,贝汉廷,惊奇而不泄气,羡慕而不妒忌。因为哥哥告诉他:身边老有需要追赶的人,就好像道路上老有遥远的路标。它永远召唤你,提醒你——人,是有潜力的,有使你自己都惊奇的潜力呢！于是,小贝汉廷ー步步地追赶着,后来简直是奔跑起来了。<br />
<br />
"I am the youngest, and my brother and sister have only attended primary school for one or two years. Later, my brother find a job, and he tried his best to let me go to school. For this, my mother was very reluctant! The graduation from a primary school is a big deal in Nanshi, and I will go to middle school! No relatives or friends have heard of it. But my brother insist that, because he later work in a research institute and saw scientists. He believe that science and culture would give people a bright future. He must let me take an examination of middle school, and the examination of famous middle schools in Shanghai." So this thin and clever child from Nanshi stepped into the gate of middle school. Shanghai Middle School was famous at that time, and most of the students who came to it were children of scholarly families and celebrities. These children have a good learning foundation and high cultural accomplishment. Little Bei Hanting was surprised to see some students write such beautiful compositions, and the teacher took them to read aloud in the whole class. He really admired those students who easily got 120 points in mathematics and got the first place in the exam every year. But he, Bei Hanting, was surprised but not discouraged, envious but not jealous. Because his brother told him: There are always people around who need to catch up, just like there are always distant road signs on the road. They will always call you and remind you that people have potential, and the potential will even surprise yourself! So he chased them step by step, and then he ran to catch up with them.<br />
<br />
"I am the youngest, and my brother and sister have only attended primary school for one or two years. Later, my brother found a job, and he tried his best to let me go to school. For this, my mother was very reluctant! The graduation from a primary school is a big deal in Nanshi, and I would go to middle school! No relatives or friends had heard of it. But my brother insisted that, because he later worked in a research institute and had saw scientists before. He believed that science and culture would give people a bright future. He must let me take an examination of middle school, and must take the examination of the famous middle schools in Shanghai." So this thin and clever child from Nanshi stepped into the gate of middle school. Shanghai Middle School was famous at that time, and most of the students who came to it were children of scholarly families and celebrities. These children had a good learning foundation and high cultural accomplishment. Little Bei Hanting was surprised to see some students write such beautiful compositions, and the teacher took them to read aloud to the whole class. He really admired those students who easily got 120 points in mathematics and got the first place in the exam every year. But he, Bei Hanting, was surprised but not discouraged, envious but not jealous. Because his brother told him: There are always people around who need to catch up, just like there are always distant road signs on the road. They will always call you and remind you that people have potential, and the potential will even surprise yourself! So he chased them step by step, and then he ran to catch up with them.<br />
<br />
到了高中,学校分理、工、商科了。妈妈多么希望自己的小儿子能去学商啊！上海中学的商科,各大写字间都抢着要呢。ー个从南市来的孩子能坐进任何一个写字间都是难以想象的幸福啊!因为那就意味着温饱解决了。<br />
<br />
In high school, there were science, engineering and business. How a mother wished her little son could study business! Students learning business in Shanghai Middle School were needed in many office buildings. It was unimaginable happiness for a child from Nanshi to sit in any office building! Because that meant he was free from the worries of food and clothing.<br />
<br />
In high school, there were science, engineering and business. His mother really wished the little son could study business! Students learning business in Shanghai Middle School were very needed in many office buildings. It was unimaginable happiness for a child from Nanshi to sit in any office building! Because that meant he was free from the worries of food and clothing.<br />
<br />
但小贝汉廷又一次违背了母亲的意愿,毅然地选择了理科。因为奔跑得越快, 视野就越开阔,知识给人以信心和力量。为什么飞机会飞、火车会跑?为什么瓦特要追求蒸汽机,哥伦布要寻找新大陆?为什么李斯特的《革命挽歌》那样悲怆,契诃夫的《海鸥》忧郁得那样令人窒息,而高尔基的《母亲》却又那样的有力?原来世界上除了老板和学徒、掠夺者和奴才之外还有一种人,这种人不断地追求光明,使人类摆脱愚昧,为生活插上彩色的翅膀,给历史创造奇迹……<br />
<br />
But Little Bei Hanting once again went against his mother's wishes and resolutely chose science. Because the faster you run, the wider your vision is, and knowledge gives people confidence and strength. Why do planes fly and trains run? Why did Watt pursue the steam engine and Columbus seek the New World? Why is Liszt's Revolutionary Elegy so sad, Chekhov's The Seagull so suffocating, and Gorky's Mother so powerful? It turns out that in addition to bosses and apprentices, predators and slaves, there is another kind of person in the world, who constantly pursues light, makes human beings get rid of ignorance, inserts colorful wings for life, and creates miracles for history...<br />
<br />
But Little Bei Hanting once again went against his mother's wishes and resolutely chose science. Because the faster you run, the wider your vision is, and knowledge gives people confidence and strength. Why can planes fly and trains run? Why did Watt pursue the steam engine and Columbus seek the New World? Why is Liszt's ''Revolutionary Elegy'' so sad, Chekhov's ''The Seagull'' so suffocating, and Gorky's ''Mother'' so powerful? It turns out that in addition to bosses and apprentices, predators and slaves, there is another kind of person in the world, who constantly pursues light, makes human beings get rid of ignorance, inserts colorful wings for life, and creates miracles for history...<br />
<br />
世界因有这样的人而更加美好,人类因有这样的创造性劳动者而拉开了和低级动物的距离。小贝汉廷是多么希望也成为这样的人啊!既然生活还有另ー个 界,他就要顽强地向那里迈步,拼了命也要飞跃到那里……<br />
<br />
The world is better because of such people, and there are differences between human beings and animals because of such creative workers. How little Bei Hanting wished to be such a person! Since there is another realm in life, he will go there tenaciously and run to there at any cost...<br />
<br />
The world is better because of such people, and there are differences between human beings and animals because of such creative workers. How little Bei Hanting wished to be such a person! Since there was another realm in life, he would go there tenaciously and run to there at any cost...<br />
<br />
是的,生活和感情都是有不同的境界的,而攀登的每ー步都要付出汗水、心血和力气。小贝汉廷那时是多么恨他的英文老师啊,每星期要背ー课（不是读,而是背）,那么一年就要背52课,真是头也背晕了。可是一年、两年、三年过去,等他能直接阅读莎士比亚和惠特曼时,生活在他面前又展示了一个多么瑰丽的天地……<br />
<br />
Yes, life and feelings have different realms, and every step of going forward requires sweat, painstaking efforts and strength. How much Little Bei Hanting hated his English teacher at that time. He had to recite a lesson every week (not reading, but reciting), so he had to recite 52 lessons a year, which was really dizzy. But after one year, two years and three years, life showed him what a magnificent world when he can read Shakespeare and Whitman directly...<br />
<br />
Yes, life and feelings have different realms, and every step of going forward requires sweat, painstaking efforts and strength. How much Little Bei Hanting hated his English teacher at that time. He had to recite a lesson every week (not reading, but reciting), so he had to recite 52 lessons a year, which was really dizzy. But after one year, two years and three years, life showed him a world so magnificent when he could read Shakespeare and Whitman directly...<br />
<br />
而到了现在,当他能用流利的英语、法语在各个港口向外国友人表达中国人民 的情意,同德国人谈歌德、贝多芬、舒曼,同俄国人谈契诃夫、托尔斯泰、柴可夫斯基,同英国人谈拜伦、莎士比亚,同意大利人谈帕格尼尼……看着那些外国人的脸由淡漠变得凝重,由凝重转成钦佩,这个从南市来的孩子是多么高兴、多么满意。这时他是多么感激他的老师,又多么怀念那些顽强攀登的艰辛岁月啊!<br />
<br />
And now, when he can express the feelings of Chinese people to foreign friends in various ports in fluent English and French, talk to Germans about Goethe, Beethoven and Schumann, Russians about Chekhov, Tolstoy and Tchaikovsky, British about Byron and Shakespeare, Italians about Paganini... How happy and satisfied this child from Nanshi is to watch those foreigners' faces change from indifference to dignified and to admiration. At this time, how grateful he was to his teachers and how he missed those hard times of going forward tenaciously!<br />
<br />
And now, when he can express the feelings of Chinese people to foreign friends in various ports in fluent English and French, talk to Germans about Goethe, Beethoven and Schumann, Russians about Chekhov, Tolstoy and Tchaikovsky, British about Byron and Shakespeare, Italians about Paganini... How happy and satisfied this child from Nanshi was to watch those foreigners' faces change from indifference to dignified and to admiration. At this time, how grateful he was to his teachers and how he missed those hard times of going forward tenaciously!<br />
<br />
吐血的水手<br />
<br />
A Sailor Vomiting Blood<br />
<br />
A Sailor Vomiting Blood<br />
<br />
俄国一代名将苏沃洛夫有一句名言:“不想当将军的士兵不是好士兵。”我们的船长贝汉廷有一句与他互为表里的大实话:“没有了水手的船长就不是船长。”<br />
<br />
Suvorov, a famous Russian Generalissimo, had a famous saying: "A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier." Our captain Bei Hanting had a similar sentence: "A captain who doesn’t have sailors is not a captain."<br />
<br />
Suvorov, a famous Russian Generalissimo, had a famous saying: "A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier." Our captain Bei Hanting had a similar sentence: "A captain who doesn’t have sailors is not a captain."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷是尊重水手、懂得水手的。他也是从一个水手开始他的海上生活的。当他在东北那艘小泵泵船上实习时,他不但领略了东北零下四十摄氏度那凛冽的严寒,也深切感受到伟大祖国那彻骨的贫寒……<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting respected and understood sailors. He also started his life at sea as a sailor. When he was an intern on a small “pump boat” in Northeast China, he not only experienced the cold of minus 40 degrees Celsius in Northeast China, but also deeply felt the poverty of the great motherland...<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting respected and understood sailors. He also started his life at sea as a sailor. When he was an intern on a small "pump boat" in Northeast China, he not only experienced the cold of minus 40 degrees Celsius in Northeast China, but also deeply felt the poverty of the great motherland...<br />
<br />
上海临近解放,这一百多个航海系的学生迅速分化了:有钱有势的去了美国等地。大部分穷学生在隆隆的炮声中最关心的一件事就是跑到外滩,看看可还有船, 如果没有了船,他们可怎么办啊!<br />
<br />
When liberation in Shanghai was around the corner, more than 100 students in the navigation department were rapidly divided: rich and powerful one have gone to the United States and other places. The biggest concern for most of the poor students in the rumbling sound of guns was to run to the Bund and see if there was a boat. If there was no boat, what can they do!<br />
<br />
When the liberation in Shanghai was around the corner, more than 100 students in the navigation department were rapidly divided: rich and powerful ones had gone to the United States and other places. The biggest concern for most of the poor students in the rumbling sound of guns was to run to the Bund and see if there was a boat. If there was no boat, what could they do!<br />
<br />
而外滩,那熟悉的、桅杆林立的外滩,果真是一片寂静。滔滔的流水映着空空的蓝天,国民党把所有的船都迫驶去运送“撤退”人员和物资,把不能行驶的船都炸沉了。<br />
<br />
And the Bund, the familiar Bund with many ships, was really silent. The surging water reflects the blue sky. Kuomintang forced all the ships to transport "evacuated" personnel and materials, and sank all the ships that could not sail.<br />
<br />
And the Bund, the familiar Bund with many ships, was really silent. The surging water reflected the blue sky. Kuomintang forced all the ships to transport "evacuated" personnel and materials, and sank all the ships that could not sail.<br />
<br />
什么都没有留下啊,留下的只是毁灭性的灾难……<br />
<br />
Nothing was left behind, only a devastating disaster...<br />
<br />
Nothing was left behind, only a devastating disaster...<br />
<br />
有的同学改了行,而贝汉廷上了东北这艘小泵泵船。<br />
<br />
Some students changed their careers, but Bei Hanting got on this small “pump boat” in Northeast China.<br />
<br />
Some students changed their careers, but Bei Hanting got on this small "pump boat" in Northeast China.<br />
<br />
为什么叫泵泵船呢?因为一共不到一百吨,蒸汽机整天泵泵、泵泵地响着,一条小船上只有六个人,还是条漏水的船。每天吃的是咸菜、高粱米,却要日夜轮班用水泵把漏进来的水从船上抽出去。海上的风浪是颠簸的,贝汉廷先是吐食物,后是吐白沫,继而吐苦胆水,最后吐血,但他一边和同志们面对面地、一下一下啪嗒、 啪嗒地压着水泵,一边吐了吃、吃了吐地延续着自己的生命,并把生命交给船……<br />
<br />
Why was it called a pump boat? Because it was less than 100 tons in total, the steam engine sounded all day like a pump. There were only six people in a small boat, which was still leaking. They ate pickles and sorghum rice every day, but they had to pump the leaked water from the boat in shifts day and night. The boat flipped because of terrible wind and waves. Bei Hanting first spitted food, then foams at the mouth, then bile, and finally vomited blood. However, he and his partners pumped water out of the boat again and again, while vomiting, eating and spitting to extend their life, and giving it to the boat...<br />
<br />
Why was it called a pump boat? Because it weighed less than 100 tons in total, and the steam engine sounded all day like a pump. There were only six people in a small boat, which was still leaking. They ate pickles and sorghum rice every day, but they had to pump the leaked water from the boat in shifts day and night. The boat flipped because of terrible wind and waves. Bei Hanting first spitted food, then foams at the mouth, then bile, and finally vomited blood. However, he and his partners pumped water out of the boat again and again, while vomiting, eating and spitting to extend their life, and giving it to the boat...<br />
<br />
“是日本人吧?”<br />
<br />
"You are a Japanese, right?"<br />
<br />
"You are a Japanese, Right?"<br />
<br />
大地回春,乍暖还寒。新中国大规模的建设开始了。贝汉廷开始到一艘大船上当实习二副了。船长是个老派的船长,十分严格,每天板着面孔,不苟言笑,穿一身笔挺的制服,右手捏着一副雪白的手套。无论多么大的风雪,见习生也只许站在驾驶台外巡视海面,不许拿望远镜,又不许漏掉一个目标,否则就骂得你狗血喷头。姿势嘛!必须按照条例,手绝对不许插在兜里。零下二十摄氏度也不许吗？是的,不许!零下三十摄氏度呢？也不许!<br />
<br />
Spring returned with temperatures fluctuating between warm and cold. The large-scale construction of the People’s Republic of China began. Bei Hanting began to work as an intern Senior Officer on a big ship. The captain is old-school, strict, and discreet with a straight face every day. He was immaculately dressed with a pair of white gloves in his right hand. No matter how heavy the wind and snow were, trainees were only allowed to stand outside the bridge and patrol the sea. They were not allowed to take binoculars, and miss any targets, otherwise the captain would scold you. As for posture, you must never put your hands in your pockets, according to the regulations. Was it not allowed to do this below minus 20 degrees Celsius? Yes! What about minus 30 degrees Celsius? Nor was it allowed!<br />
<br />
Spring returned with temperatures fluctuating between warm and cold. The large-scale construction of the People’s Republic of China began. Bei Hanting began to work as an intern Senior Officer on a big ship. The captain was old-school, strict, and discreet with a straight face every day. He wore a well-ironed uniform with a pair of white gloves in his right hand. No matter how heavy the wind and snow were, trainees were only allowed to stand outside the bridge and patrol the sea. They were not allowed to take binoculars, and miss any targets, otherwise the captain would scold them. As for posture, they must never put their hands in their pockets, according to the regulations. Was it not allowed to do this below minus 20 degrees Celsius? Yes! What about minus 30 degrees Celsius? Nor was it allowed!<br />
<br />
冬季里只穿一条单裤的贝汉廷有一次实在受不住啦,回头看看没人,刚悄悄把手放进兜里暖暖,后边啪的一脚就踢过来了。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, who only wore a pair of trousers in winter, once couldn't stand it. Finding no one was in the back, he quietly put his hands in his pocket to warm up, and then the captain kicked his feet behind him.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, who only wore a pair of trousers in winter, once couldn't stand it. Finding no one was in the back, he quietly put his hands in his pocket to warm up, and then the captain kicked his feet behind him.<br />
<br />
“打人当然是不对的。”贝汉廷笑着说,“可我也真从他那里受到了严格的训练,学会了一丝不苟。”<br />
<br />
"It is certainly wrong to beat people." Bei Hanting said with a smile, "But I really got strict training from him and learned to be meticulous."<br />
<br />
"It is certainly wrong to beat people." Bei Hanting said with a smile, "But I really got strict training from him and learned to be meticulous."<br />
<br />
俗话说“严师出高徒”,而严师也多半是爱高徒的。那个老船长从来没正眼看过贝汉廷一眼,但在挑选二副时,他点名要贝汉廷。他遭到了反对,但他力排众议：“贝汉廷。”又是一阵反对的浪潮。他却仍然是三个字:“贝汉廷!”<br />
<br />
As the saying goes, "A strict teacher nurtures a high-level apprentice", and a strict teacher mostly loves a high-level apprentice. The old captain never paid attention to Bei Hanting, but when selecting the Senior Officer, he named Bei Hanting. He was opposed, but he tried hard to refute and eliminate opposing opinions to maintain his stance: "Bei Hanting." It was another wave of opposition. He still said that name: "Bei Hanting!"<br />
<br />
As the saying goes, "A strict teacher nurtures a high-level apprentice", and a strict teacher mostly loves the high-level apprentice. The old captain never paid attention to Bei Hanting, but when selecting the Senior Officer, he named Bei Hanting. He was opposed, but he tried hard to refute and eliminate opposing opinions to maintain his stance: "Bei Hanting." There was another wave of opposition. He still said that name: "Bei Hanting!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷就这样当上了二副,然后就来到了广远公司,开始了远洋航行的那一天。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting became the Senior Officer in this way, and then came to Guangyuan Company and started the ocean voyage.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting became the Senior Officer in this way, and then came to Guangyuan Company and started the ocean voyage.<br />
<br />
当船长的幸福贝汉廷今天已记不清了。他记得最清楚的却是当船长的痛苦, 那就是:只要他在海外显示出一点文化教养和科学水平,外国人就要问他:“是日本人吧?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting has lost count of the happiness of being a captain today. What he remembers most clearly is the pain of being a captain, that is, as long as he shows a little educational background and scientific knowledge overseas, foreigners will ask him: "You are a Japanese, right?"<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting has lost count of the happiness of being a captain today. What he remembers most clearly is the pain of being a captain, that is, as long as he shows a little educational background and scientific knowledge overseas, foreigners will ask him: "You are a Japanese, right?"<br />
<br />
有一次,在鹿特丹港,一个领港员因为船上一水是中国人而有意刁难,把舵令用英语说得又快又流利,贝汉廷就迎上去和他用英语对话。领港改用法语,贝汉廷也改用法语,然后有意识地用意大利语和西班牙语向领港员问话。<br />
<br />
On one occasion, in Port of Rotterdam, a pilot deliberately created difficulties because the able seaman (AB) on board was Chinese. He spoke rudder orders quickly and fluently in English, so Bei Hanting talked with him in English. The pilot changed to French, Bei Hanting also changed to French, and then he consciously questioned the pilot in Italian and Spanish.<br />
<br />
On one occasion, at the Port of Rotterdam, a pilot deliberately created difficulties because the able seaman (AB) on board was Chinese. He spoke rudder orders quickly and fluently in English, so Bei Hanting talked with him in English. The pilot changed to French, Bei Hanting also changed to French, and then he consciously questioned the pilot in Italian and Spanish.<br />
<br />
这个领港员回答不上来了,却说：“你的一水不行。”<br />
<br />
The pilot couldn't answer, so he said, "Your able seaman is not good."<br />
<br />
The pilot couldn't answer, so he said, "Your able seaman is not good."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷装没听见,他连说三次,贝汉廷火了,说：“你怎么知道他不行?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting pretended not to hear. He said it three times in a row. Bei Hanting became angry and said, "How do you know he is not skilled?"<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting pretended not to hear. He said it three times in a row. Bei Hanting became angry and said, "How do you know he is not skilled?"<br />
<br />
“反应太慢。”<br />
<br />
"His reaction is too slow."<br />
<br />
"His reaction is too slow."<br />
<br />
“那是你没有必要地说得太快,舵令叫得不清楚。”<br />
<br />
"That's because you speak too fast, which is not necessary at all, so the rudder orders don't sound clear."<br />
<br />
"That's because you speak too fast, which is not necessary at all, so the rudder orders don't sound clear."<br />
<br />
“我要求你换人。”<br />
<br />
"I ask you to change your able seaman."<br />
<br />
"I ask you to change your able seaman."<br />
<br />
“他是我船上最好的水手。”<br />
<br />
"He is the best sailor on my ship."<br />
<br />
"He is the best sailor on my ship."<br />
<br />
“中国人没ー个操舵操得好的。”<br />
<br />
"All Chinese people don't steer well."<br />
<br />
"All Chinese people don't steer well."<br />
<br />
“各国港口的领港员都说他好,只有你一个人说他不行。”<br />
<br />
"The pilots of ports in various countries say he is good, and you are the only one who says he can't do it."<br />
<br />
"All pilots of ports in various countries say he is good, and you are the only one who says he is not good."<br />
<br />
“我要求下船。”<br />
<br />
"I demand to disembark."<br />
<br />
"I demand to disembark."<br />
<br />
“可以。三副!立即送他下去。拿来!”<br />
<br />
"Yes. Junior Officer! Send him down at once. Bring it!"<br />
<br />
"Ok. Junior Officer! Send him down at once. Bring it!"<br />
<br />
“什么?”<br />
<br />
"What?"<br />
<br />
"What?"<br />
<br />
“你的派司。我要在你的引水单上注明,你是一个不合格的引水员,不能给船舶提供良好的协作,从此以后不欢迎你到任何一条中国船上领港。我很遗憾,但看来只好如此了,派司,请!”<br />
<br />
"Your pass. I want to indicate on your application for pilot that you are an unqualified pilot and can't collaborate well with ships. From now on, you are not welcome to pilot any Chinese ship. I'm sorry, but it seems that we have to do so. Your pass, please!"<br />
<br />
"Your pass. I want to indicate on your application for pilot that you are an unqualified pilot and can't collaborate well with ships. From now on, you are not welcome to pilot any Chinese ship. I'm sorry, but it seems that we have to do so. Your pass, please!"<br />
<br />
面对如此强硬的船长,那个领港员咕噜了几句,再也不响了。<br />
<br />
Facing such a tough master, the pilot muttered a few words and never did this again.<br />
<br />
Facing such a tough master, the pilot muttered a few words and never did this again.<br />
<br />
船进了港口,贝汉廷签证了引水单,并没有加任何批注,那位傲慢的引水员十分感激;而那个被船长保护过来的一水,噙着泪水咬着牙,从此日夜念英文……（I changed 嚙 with 噙）<br />
<br />
When the ship entered the port, Bei Hanting signed the application for pilot without any comment, and the arrogant pilot was very grateful. For the able seaman protected by the captain, he bit the bullet and read English day and night after that...<br />
<br />
When the ship entered the port, Bei Hanting signed the application for pilot without any comment, and the arrogant pilot was very grateful. For the able seaman protected by the captain, he bit the bullet and read English day and night after that...<br />
<br />
蓝色的梦<br />
<br />
Blue Dreams<br />
<br />
Blue Dreams<br />
<br />
正当我国海员在全世界各个港口赢得尊敬,我国远洋事业蓬勃发展的时刻,“文化大革命”开始了。林彪、江青等人互相勾结,从文艺界杀出来,砸烂公检法之 后,开始有步骤、有计划地在各条战线夺权。<br />
<br />
Just when our seafarers won respect in various ports all over the world and our ocean-going business flourished, the Cultural Revolution began. Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and others colluded with each other, caused many deaths in literary and art circles, destroyed the public security inspection law, and began to seize power on all fronts step by step and in a planned way.<br />
<br />
Just when our seafarers won respect in ports all over the world and our ocean-going business flourished, the "Cultural Revolution" began. Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and others colluded with each other, caused many deaths in literary and art circles, destroyed the public security inspection law, and began to seize power on all fronts step by step and in a planned way.<br />
<br />
贝汉廷在休假中突然被通知到广州集合。他以海员的速度按时到达,去接受新的任务。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was suddenly informed to gather in Guangzhou during his vacation. He arrived on time at the speed of seafarers to accept new tasks.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was suddenly informed to gather in Guangzhou during his vacation. He arrived on time at the speed of seafarers to accept new tasks.<br />
<br />
但是,并没有任务,却让他进了学习班。<br />
<br />
However, there was no task. He was forced to attend classes learning the Maoism.<br />
<br />
However, there was no task. He was forced to attend classes learning the Maoism.<br />
<br />
学习班都是熟人,我国开创远洋事业的不少老船长、老大副都来了。老朋友久 别重逢,十分开心,各路兵马摩拳擦掌,准备大干ー场。可是一笑容慢慢冻结在脸上了。怎么?走路要排队,吃饭也要排队,寄信要请假,说话还有人监督……军宣队宣布全面接管,难道变成了国民党俘虏?<br />
<br />
There were all acquaintances in this class, like many old captains and Chief Officers who started the ocean-going business in China. Old friends were glad to meet again after a long separation, and they were gearing up for a big fight. But a smile slowly froze on their faces. What happened? You had to queue up when you walk, when you eat. You had to take a personal day off when you sent a letter, and there were people to supervise when you speak... The propaganda team promoting Maoism claimed that it will manage them. So, did they become Kuomintang’s captives?<br />
<br />
There were all acquaintances in this class, like many old captains and Chief Officers who started the ocean-going business in China. Old friends were glad to meet again after a long separation, and they were gearing up for a big fight. But a smile slowly froze on their faces. What happened? You had to queue up when you walk, and when you eat. You had to take a personal day off when you would send a letter, and there were people to supervise when you spoke... The propaganda team promoting Maoism claimed that it would manage them. So, did they become Kuomintang’s captives?<br />
<br />
唉！贝汉廷哪里知道,林彪、“四人帮”的革命理论就是:越是有功越要整,越是有成绩越是修正主义。他们所谓的革命就是要革革过命的人的命。<br />
<br />
Alas! Bei Hanting didn’t know that the revolutionary theory of Lin Biao and the Gang of Four was that the more achievements you have, the more revisionism you have. What they called revolution was to kill those who had great contributions to our country.<br />
<br />
Alas! Bei Hanting didn’t know that the revolutionary theory of Lin Biao and the "Gang of Four" was that the more achievements you had, the more revisionism you had. What they called revolution was to kill those who had great contributions to our country.<br />
<br />
现在看来,真是比绕口令还绕口令!迷信、愚昧到了令人抬不起头的程度。但那时,贝汉廷也像中国大多数革命者一样,十分虔诚地检查自己的不足,俯首赎罪……<br />
<br />
Now, it seems that it is ironic! Superstition and ignorance have made people so embarrassed. But at that time, Bei Hanting, like most Chinese revolutionaries, examined his shortcomings very piously and bowed his head to atone for his sins...<br />
<br />
Now, it seems that it was ironic! Superstition and ignorance had made people so embarrassed. But at that time, Bei Hanting, like most Chinese revolutionaries, examined his shortcomings very piously and bowed his head to atone for his sins...<br />
<br />
首先出来抵制的又是我们的总理。总理说:“如果我们开创远洋事业的骨干都修了,远洋事业的大好形势从哪里来的?”多么无可辩驳,多么义正词严!可是林彪、江青那一伙人哪里听总理的,总理正是他们要打倒的主要目标哩!<br />
<br />
It was our prime minister who came out to oppose first. The prime minister said: "If the backbone of our ocean-going business has been fired, how does the bright future of ocean-going business come from?" How irrefutable, how righteous! But Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and their gang members didn’t listen to the Prime Minister, because he was the main target they want to overthrow!<br />
<br />
It was our prime minister who came out to oppose first. The prime minister said: "If the backbone of our ocean-going business has been fired, how does the bright future of ocean-going business come from?" How irrefutable, how righteous! But Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and their gang members didn’t listen to the Prime Minister, because he was the main target they wanted to overthrow!<br />
<br />
于是读语录,谈话;谈话,读语录;逼供,诱供;进隔离室,出隔离室……从追“拍照”到“送情报”,最后发展到追他“里通外国”。本来嘛,搞远洋运输的还能不里通外国?<br />
<br />
So they had to read quotations and have a conversation with the propaganda team again and again; they had to experience forced confessions or be trapped to make a confession; they had to be isolated in a room... From Bei’s pictures in the radar station, they thought he gave intelligence to other countries, and finally they thought he conspired with foreign countries. Originally, can those who engage in ocean transportation not communicate with foreign countries?<br />
<br />
So they had to read quotations and have a conversation with the propaganda team again and again; they had to experience forced confessions or be trapped to make a confession; they had to be isolated in a room... From Bei’s pictures in the radar station, they thought he gave intelligence to other countries, and finally they thought he conspired with foreign countries. Originally, could those who engage in ocean transportation not communicate with foreign countries?<br />
<br />
但世界上的事就是这么不可思议,事物的规律就是这样不可抗拒,他们纲上得越高,贝汉廷就越轻松,到追查里通外国的什么“照片”时,他早已从晕眩到清醒, 由虔诚而呼呼大睡起来了…… <br />
<br />
But things in the world were so strange, and the laws of things were so irresistible. The more they talked about politics, the easier it is for Bei Hanting. By the time they traced the photos of conspiring with foreign countries, he has already gone from dizziness to sobriety, and fell asleep from piety...<br />
<br />
But things in the world were so strange, and the laws of things were so irresistible. The more they talked about politics, the easier it was for Bei Hanting. By the time they traced the photos of conspiring with foreign countries, he had already gone from dizziness to sobriety, and fell asleep from piety...<br />
<br />
总理毕竟是他们夺权不可逾越的障碍。就像文艺界的大批骨干被总理保护下来送到部队农场“改造”一样,远洋事业的这批骨干也被保护下来,送到航道局看航标、挖河泥去了。<br />
<br />
After all, the prime minister was an insurmountable obstacle to their seizure of power. Just as a large number of backbones in the literary and art circles were protected by the Prime Minister and sent to the army farm for the Down to the Countryside Movement, these backbones in the ocean-going business were also protected and sent to the Waterway Bureau to monitor navigation marks and dig river mud.<br />
<br />
After all, the prime minister was an insurmountable obstacle for them to seize power. Just as a large number of backbones in the literary and art circles were protected by the Prime Minister and sent to the army farm for the "Down to the Countryside Movement", these backbones in the ocean-going business were also protected and sent to the Waterway Bureau to monitor navigation marks and dig river mud.<br />
<br />
挖河泥,上海人叫“闌河泥”,贝汉廷和他的伙伴们带着流血的心和解除隔离的欣慰,看起航标,罱起河泥来……（I changed 闌 with 罱）<br />
<br />
Digging (挖) river mud is called digging (罱) river mud by residents in Shanghai. Bei Hanting and his friends monitored navigation marks and dug river mud with bleeding hearts and relief from isolation...<br />
<br />
Digging (挖) river mud is called digging (罱) river mud by residents in Shanghai. Bei Hanting and his friends monitored navigation marks and dug river mud with bleeding hearts and relief from isolation...<br />
<br />
贝汉廷毕竟是贝汉廷,在看航标罱河泥的小船上当三副,专管伙食事务,仍然年年被评为先进。（I changed 闌 with 罱）<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, after all, was capable. He was the Junior Officer in the boat monitoring navigation marks and digging river mud, and was responsible for food affairs. And he was still rated as advanced Individual every year.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, after all, was capable. He was the Junior Officer in the boat monitoring navigation marks and digging river mud, and was responsible for food affairs. And he was still rated as advanced Individual every year.<br />
<br />
他从来没过过这样清闲的日子,用他爱人的话说:结婚二十年,在家的日子加 起来ー共不到两年。现在,每天开开单据,报报账,下了班就可以回家,骑着脚踏 车,从路边上买点螃蟹鱼虾,晚上和妻子儿女ー起听听音乐……<br />
<br />
He has never lived such a leisurely life. In the words of his lover, he has been married for 20 years, but his days at home added up to less than two years. Now, he invoiced people and reported accounts every day. He can go home after work, ride a bicycle, buy some fish from the roadside, and listen to music with his wife and children at night...<br />
<br />
He had never lived such a leisurely life. In the words of his lover, he had been married for 20 years, but his days at home added up to less than two years. Now, he invoiced people and reported accounts every day. He could go home after work, ride a bicycle, buy some fish from the roadside, and listen to music with his wife and children at night...<br />
<br />
这在一般人看来是求之不得的幸福啊！可是,他哭了。这个从来没哭过的汉子,他哭了。<br />
<br />
This was a desirable happiness in the eyes of ordinary people! However, he cried. Before that, this man who has never cried.<br />
<br />
This was a desirable happiness in the eyes of ordinary people! However, he cried. Before that, this man who had never cried.<br />
<br />
他哭了,不是因为邻居的眼色,这个从南市来的孩子从小见惯了各种各样冷漠和怀疑的眼色。<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the neighbors’ dirty looks. The boy from Nanshi was used to all kinds of indifferent and dubious looks.<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the neighbors' dirty looks. The boy from Nanshi was used to all kinds of indifferent and dubious looks.<br />
<br />
他哭了,不是因为路人的歧视,这个在各国港口为中国争取到荣誉的海员,有的是对付歧视的办法。<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the discrimination of passers-by. This seaman who won honor for China in ports of various countries had plenty of ways to deal with discrimination. <br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the discrimination of passers-by. This seaman who won honor for China in ports of various countries had plenty of ways to deal with discrimination.<br />
<br />
他哭了,不是因为亲人们一妻子儿女,特别是哥哥,那个一心一意支持他走上这条路的哥哥的质问。虽然他们疑虑的视线在他心上织起了灰色的和有罪的雾似的迷网……<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the questioning of his relatives, his wife and children, especially his brother, who wholeheartedly supported him to be a seaman. Although their suspicious eyes woven a gray and guilty mist-like puzzle in his heart...<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the questioning of his relatives, his wife and children, especially his brother, who wholeheartedly supported him to be a seaman. Although their suspicious eyes woven a gray and guilty mist-like puzzle in his heart...<br />
<br />
但,他不是为这些哭的。他哭,是为了他的梦,他的蓝色的梦。<br />
<br />
But that's not why he cried. He cried for his dreams, his blue dreams.<br />
<br />
But that was not why he cried. He cried for his dreams, his blue dreams.<br />
<br />
他是这样思念大海,他的梦也尽是蓝色的。当他坐在小船三副的办公桌前想起他的波涛汹涌的大海时,他心如刀绞。<br />
<br />
He missed the sea so much, and his dreams were all blue. When he sat at the desk of the Junior Officer of the boat and thought of his rough sea, his heart was torn out.<br />
<br />
He missed the sea so much, and his dreams were all blue. When he sat at the desk of the Junior Officer of the boat and thought of his rough sea, his heart was torn out.<br />
<br />
他仍然喜欢独自在黄埔滩头倚栏沉思。每当他看见自己驾驶过的“桂林”“友好”“九江”号从他眼前驶过时,他的心狂跳,他像孩子ー样大哭了。他感到它们是那么的漂亮,真是美极了。在他当它们船长的时候,他从来没像今天看它们那样感到漂亮。而今天,当他被活活地从它们身上撕开,目送着它们仪态万方地姗姗远去时,他怎能不泪如雨下……<br />
<br />
He still liked to meditate alone on the beachhead of Huangpu. Whenever he saw the Guilin, the Friendship and Jiujiang he had driven passing by his eyes, his heart beat wildly and he cried like a child. He felt that they were so beautiful. When he was their captain, he never thought them so beautiful when he saw them today. Today, when he had to separate with them and watch them go away with great grace, how could he not burst into a flood of tears...<br />
<br />
He still liked to meditate alone on the beachhead of Huangpu. Whenever he saw the "Guilin", the "Friendship" and "Jiujiang" he had driven passing by his eyes, his heart beat wildly and he cried like a child. He felt that they were so beautiful. When he was their captain, he never thought them as beautiful as he saw them today. But today, when he had to separate with them and watch them go away with great grace, how could he not burst into a flood of tears...<br />
<br />
他的泪水在羞辱的愤怒中干涸了。那是当他听见“四人帮”改朝换代后派出 的有的船员竟在外国人面前把“twelve”说成“ onetwo”的时候;是当他听说“四人帮”派出的“小兄弟”有失国体地在外国百货公司偷人一双袜子的时候;是知道那些打砸抢的“英雄”们竟在外国港口的垃圾箱里拾破烂的时候……<br />
<br />
His tears dried up in a rage that was triggered by humiliation. That was when he heard that some crew members sent by the Gang of Four after the regime change said "twelve" as "onetwo" to foreigners; It was when he heard that sidekicks sent by the Gang of Four stole a pair of socks from foreign department stores, which tarnished the honor of our country; It was when he knew that the "heroes" who smashed and looted actually picked up junk in garbage bins in foreign ports...<br />
<br />
His tears dried up in a rage that was triggered by humiliation. That was when he heard that some crew members sent by the "Gang of Four" after the regime change said "twelve" as "onetwo" to foreigners; It was when he heard that "sidekicks" sent by the "Gang of Four" stole a pair of socks from foreign department stores, which tarnished the honor of our country; It was when he knew that the "heroes" who smashed and looted actually picked up junk in garbage bins in foreign ports...<br />
<br />
愤怒把泪水烧干了,但蓝色的梦依然是蓝色的。他怀着钢铁的意志,钢铁的决心,他要回到大海上去。他会回到大海上去的!于是他咬着牙在自己的航海笔记的扉页上写下“勤笔密思”四个字。他重新挺起了胸,点燃了深夜的灯,通宵达旦地啃起《海上保险》《国际海商法》《海上救助》和各种国际航运法规、各国港口资料来了…… <br />
<br />
Anger burns tears dry, but blue dreams are still blue. Having nerves of steel, he wanted to go back to the sea. He will go back to the sea! So he gritted his teeth and wrote the words " Writing Diligently and Thinking Usually" on the title page of his sailing notes. He stood up again, lit the lights in the middle of the night, and read ''Marine Insurance'', ''International Maritime Law'', ''Maritime Rescue'' and various international shipping laws and regulations, and port information of various countries all night...<br />
<br />
Anger burned tears dry, but blue dreams were still blue. With nerves of steel, he wanted to go back to the sea. He would go back to the sea! So he gritted his teeth and wrote the words "Writing Diligently and Thinking Usually" on the title page of his sailing notes. He stood up again, lit the lights in the middle of the night, and read ''Marine Insurance'', ''International Maritime Law'', ''Maritime Rescue'' and various international shipping laws and regulations, and port information of various countries all night...<br />
<br />
伦敦港的友谊<br />
<br />
Friendship in the Port of London<br />
<br />
Friendship in the Port of London<br />
<br />
"Who is the captain?"<br />
<br />
"I'm the master."<br />
<br />
他果然回到了大海,但这已是一个新的贝汉廷。<br />
<br />
He really returned to the sea, but this is a new Bei Hanting.<br />
<br />
He really returned to the sea, but this is a new Bei Hanting.<br />
<br />
如果说过去他只是一个业务熟练的船长,那么,今天他是一个满怀信心的主人。Master的含意在十年政治风暴的锤炼中,重心有了令人欣喜的转移,而这双重含意在他身上竟是如此和谐、统一。<br />
<br />
If he used to be just a skillful captain, today he is a confident master. The meaning of Master has been richer due to the political storm in the past ten years, and the focus has a happy shift, but the two meanings is so harmonious and unified in him.<br />
<br />
If he used to be just a skillful captain, today he is a confident master. The meaning of Master has been richer due to the political storm in the past ten years, and the focus has a happy shift, but the two meanings are so harmonious and unified in him.<br />
<br />
这里,我只想讲一个小故事,那就是——伦敦港的友谊。<br />
<br />
Here, I just want to tell a short story, that is, the friendship in the Port of London.<br />
<br />
Here, I just want to tell a short story, that is, the friendship in the Port of London.<br />
<br />
有一次,“汉川号”配载200吨滑石粉到伦敦港卸货,途中收到了公司电报:伦敦港最近规定,不卸滑石粉。为什么?不知道,这是新规定。<br />
<br />
On one occasion, the Hanchuan loaded 200 tons of talcum powder to the Port of London for unloading, but received a telegram from the company on the way: the Port of London recently stipulated that talcum powder should not be unloaded. Why? They don't know. It's a new rule.<br />
<br />
On one occasion, the Hanchuan loaded 200 tons of talcum powder to the Port of London for unloading, but received a telegram from the company on the way: the Port of London recently stipulates that talcum powder should not be unloaded. Why? They didn't know. It was a new rule.<br />
<br />
公司远隔万里,可以不知道。但200吨滑石粉压在贝汉廷的冷藏舱盖上,舱里还有送到伦敦的各种冷冻货。滑石粉不让卸,别的货也取不出来,到前边中转,运费要超过货物本身的价值。贝汉廷决定,船仍直驶伦敦港。船一到港,他立即彬彬有礼地去拜访代理、卸货组长、工头、工人……摸清了不卸滑石粉的由来。原来是一个工人看报时偶然发现了一篇化学家署名的文章,分析滑石粉的结构,如此这般,这般如此,作用于人体,就要引起癌症。这个工人在他的工班一说,癌症,这还了得!几个工班一商议,向工会提出:从此不卸滑石粉。特别是中国的,因为包装不好,运输时又马虎,纸袋压得尽是裂缝,卸起来粉末飞扬,不要说卸,工人连手都不愿摸……<br />
<br />
The company was thousands of miles away, so it was reasonable. However, 200 tons of talcum powder was pressed on the cover of the refrigerated hatch, and there were various frozen goods sent to London in the hatch. Talcum powder was not allowed to be unloaded, and other goods can't be taken out. If you sail to the stopping point, the freight will exceed the value of the goods themselves. So, Bei Hanting decided that the ship would still go straight to the Port of London. As soon as the ship arrived in port, he courteously visited the agent, the unloading team leader, the foreman, workers... By doing so, he found out the reason of not unloading talcum powder. It turned out that a worker accidentally discovered an article signed by a chemist while reading a newspaper, analyzing the structure of talcum powder. If it acts on human body, it will cause cancer. The worker said this in his work class, which caused a great sensation! After several rounds of deliberation, it was proposed to the trade union that talcum powder should not be unloaded from now on. Especially that from China, because the packaging was not good, and the transportation was sloppy, the paper bags were full of cracks, so the powder would fly when unloaded. Workers were unwilling to touch it, not to mention unloading... <br />
<br />
The company was thousands of miles away, so it was reasonable to don't know it. However, 200 tons of talcum powder was pressed on the cover of the refrigerated hatch, and there were various frozen goods sent to London in the hatch. Talcum powder was not allowed to be unloaded, and other goods couldn't be taken out. If you sailed to the stopping point, the freight would exceed the value of the goods themselves. So, Bei Hanting decided that the ship would still go straight to the Port of London. As soon as the ship arrived in port, he courteously visited the agent, the unloading team leader, the foreman, and workers... By doing so, he found out the reason of not unloading talcum powder. It turned out that a worker accidentally discovered an article signed by a chemist while reading a newspaper, which analyzed the structure of talcum powder. If it acts on human body, it will cause cancer. The worker said this in his work class, which caused a great sensation! After several rounds of deliberation, it was proposed to the trade union that talcum powder should not be unloaded from now on. Especially that from China, because the packaging was not good, and the transportation was sloppy, the paper bags were full of cracks, and the powder would fly when unloaded. Workers were unwilling to touch it, not to mention unloading...<br />
<br />
啊!原来如此!贝汉廷立即请代理到船上做客。畅叙别情,举杯问候夫人健康,谈英国绘画的新发展,从背诵莎士比亚的片段谈到流行的扭摆舞对青年的影响……谈得十分融洽。代理告别时说:“在港口,有什么困难,只管找我。”贝汉廷长叹一声:“困难是有哇,可不能告诉别人。”代理马上伸过手来,与贝汉廷紧握: “绝不,到我为止。”<br />
<br />
Ah! That was the reason! Bei Hanting immediately invited an agent to be a guest on board. He talked freely, from greeting his wife's health, the new development of English painting, reciting Shakespeare's excerpts to the influence of popular twist dance on young people. When the agent left, he said "If you have any difficulties in the port, just ask me." Bei Hanting sighed: "There are difficulties, but you can't tell others." The agent immediately reached out and clasped his hands: "No, I will help you."<br />
<br />
Ah! That was the reason! Bei Hanting immediately invited an agent to be a guest on board. He talked freely, from greeting his wife's health, talking about the new development of English painting, and reciting Shakespeare's excerpts to the influence of popular twist dance on young people. When the agent left, he said "If you have any difficulties in the port, just ask me." Bei Hanting sighed: "There are difficulties, but we can't tell others." The agent immediately reached out and clasped his hands: "No, I will help you."<br />
<br />
“我带来了滑石粉。”<br />
<br />
"I brought talcum powder."<br />
<br />
"I brought talcum powder."<br />
<br />
“知道,不就200吨吗?”<br />
<br />
"I know. Isn't it just 200 tons?"<br />
<br />
"I know. Isn't it just 200 tons?"<br />
<br />
“可我因为怕压坏,装在了冷藏舱盖上。”<br />
<br />
"But I put it on the refrigerated hatch cover because I am afraid of crushing it."<br />
<br />
"But I put it on the refrigerated hatch cover because I am afraid of crushing it."<br />
<br />
“糟糕！这可怎么办?”<br />
<br />
"Oops! What can I do?"<br />
<br />
"Oops! What can I do?"<br />
<br />
“我想和工头谈谈。”<br />
<br />
"I want to talk to the foreman."<br />
<br />
"I want to talk to the foreman."<br />
<br />
“交情深吗?不深——这样吧,我先和工会的负责人谈谈,请他来看你。”<br />
<br />
"Are you on intimate terms with him? No? Let me talk to the person in charge of the trade union first and ask him to come to see you."<br />
<br />
"Are you on intimate terms with him? No? Let me talk to the person in charge of the trade union first and ask him to come to see you."<br />
<br />
“我去拜访他!”<br />
<br />
"I'll visit him!"<br />
<br />
"I'll visit him!"<br />
<br />
工会的负责人把头摇得像拨浪鼓一样:“这是工人的权利,工会坚决支持。”<br />
<br />
The head of the trade union shook his head like a rattle: "This is the right of workers, and the trade union firmly supports it."<br />
<br />
The head of the trade union shook his head like a rattle: "This is the right of workers, and the trade union firmly supports it."<br />
<br />
“别的港口都没这项规定呢!”<br />
<br />
"There is no such rule in other ports!"<br />
<br />
"There is no such rule in other ports!"<br />
<br />
“本港对工人劳动保护特别注意。”<br />
<br />
"Our port pays special attention to the labor protection of workers."<br />
<br />
"Our port pays special attention to the labor protection of workers."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷承认确实如此,并且列举了伦敦港工会的种种成绩。他是那样如数家珍,说得工会负责人心里热乎乎的,至于卸滑石粉的劳动保护吗,“汉川号”愿意提供一切条件,口罩、面具……工会负责人说:“那么……也许……我试ー试!”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting admitted that and listed the achievements of the Trade Union of the Port of London. He was so familiar with these achievements that the person in charge of the trade union was touched. As for the labor protection for unloading talcum powder, workers in the Hanchuan were willing to provide all equipment, like masks and respirators... He said: "Then... maybe... I will try!"<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting admitted that and listed the achievements of the Trade Union of the Port of London. He was so familiar with these achievements that the person in charge of the trade union was touched. As for the labor protection for unloading talcum powder, the "Hanchuan" was willing to provide all conditions, like masks and respirators... The person in charge of the trade union said: "Then... maybe... I will try!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“只要先生愿意帮忙,一定成功。先生知道伦敦的商人为什么远程购买滑石粉吗?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "As long as you is willing to help, you will succeed. Do you know why businessmen in London buy talcum powder remotely?"<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "As long as you is willing to help, we'll succeed. Do you know why businessmen in London buy talcum powder remotely?"<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“因为我国青岛出产的滑石粉质量好,包装也好。我又装在舱盖上,一点没有破裂……先生知道滑石粉是做什么的吗?是做化妆品的。香粉,脂粉,高级化妆品呀！贵国的妇女那么美丽,从古到今都擦粉,但她们是多么健康!”<br />
<br />
"Because the talcum powder produced in Qingdao has good quality and good packaging. And I put it on the hatch cover, so it doesn’t break at all... Do you know what talcum powder is made for, sir? It can make cosmetics. Rouge and powder are high-grade cosmetics! Women in your country are so beautiful because they use this products from ancient times to the present, but how healthy they are!"<br />
<br />
"Because the talcum powder produced in Qingdao has good quality and good packaging. And I put it on the hatch cover, so any of it isn't broken... Do you know what talcum powder is made for, sir? It can make cosmetics. Rouge and powder are high-grade cosmetics! Women in your country are so beautiful because they use this product from ancient times to the present, but how healthy they are!"<br />
<br />
工会负责人紧板的面孔开始有了一丝笑意。<br />
<br />
The tight expression of the head of the trade union changed, and he cracked a smile.<br />
<br />
The tight expression of the head of the trade union changed, and he cracked a smile.<br />
<br />
“贵国亲友相会,都有接吻的习惯。算算,你们一天要接触多少香粉——多少滑石粉,而你们又是多么健康！”<br />
<br />
"When friends and relatives meet in your country, they all have the habit of kissing. Think about it. How much fragrant powder and talcum powder you need to touch every day. But how healthy you are!"<br />
<br />
"When friends and relatives meet in your country, they all have the habit of kissing. Let's calculate it. How much fragrant powder and talcum powder you need to touch every day. But how healthy you are!"<br />
<br />
“哈哈……”在场的人不由得都哈哈大笑了。<br />
<br />
"Haha..." All the people on the scene couldn't help laughing.<br />
<br />
"Haha..." All the people on the scene couldn't help laughing.<br />
<br />
“那么,允许我去找工人们谈谈?”贝汉廷说。<br />
<br />
"So, do you allow me to talk to the workers?" Bei Hanting asked.<br />
<br />
"So, do you allow me to talk to the workers?" Bei Hanting asked.<br />
<br />
“不,我去,还是我去好。”工会负责人匆匆走了。<br />
<br />
"No, I'll go. It’s better if I talk to them." The head of the union hurried away.<br />
<br />
"No, I'll go. It’s better if I talk to them." The head of the union hurried away.<br />
<br />
贝汉廷提心吊胆地从窗口望着甲板,看见工会负责人到工人群中拍肩打膀地说着,说着……突然,从工人中爆发出那样舒心的大笑,他们简直笑得前仰后合了。贝汉廷这一颗心才落到了胸膛里。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting looked at the deck from the window nervously, and saw the head of the trade union clapping others’ shoulders and talking among the workers... Suddenly, such a comfortable laughter broke out from the workers, and they almost laughed their heads off. Seeing this, Bei Hanting was at ease.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting looked at the deck from the window nervously, and saw the head of the trade union clapping their shoulders and talking among the workers... Suddenly, such a comfortable laughter broke out from the workers, and they almost laughed their heads off. Seeing this, Bei Hanting was at ease.<br />
<br />
代理对他跷起大拇指:“真行啊,Captain贝!”<br />
<br />
The agent gave him a thumbs up: "Really good, Captain Bei!"<br />
<br />
The agent gave him a thumb up: "Really good, Captain Bei!"<br />
<br />
他说:“全靠你们老朋友。”<br />
<br />
He said, "It's all up to your old friends."<br />
<br />
He said, "It's all up to your old friends."<br />
<br />
“为什么你还不高兴?”<br />
<br />
"Why are you still unhappy?"<br />
<br />
"Why are you still unhappy?"<br />
<br />
“我还有事求你帮忙,又不好开口。”<br />
<br />
"I still have something to ask you for help, and it is difficult to speak."<br />
<br />
"I still have something to ask you for help, and it is difficult to speak."<br />
<br />
“说!”<br />
<br />
"Just say it!"<br />
<br />
"Just say it!"<br />
<br />
“我们还有好多艘船都载着滑石粉呢!”<br />
<br />
"We still have many ships carrying talcum powder!"<br />
<br />
"We still have many ships carrying talcum powder!"<br />
<br />
代理双手齐摇:“就你这一船,我的脑袋差点没裂开。”<br />
<br />
The agent waved his hands: "Even if there is only one ship with talcum powder, my head almost crack."<br />
<br />
The agent waved his two hands: "Even if there is only one ship with talcum powder, my head almost crack."<br />
<br />
“但道理不是一样吗?”<br />
<br />
"But it makes sense for all ships."<br />
<br />
"But it makes sense for all ships."<br />
<br />
“你何必管别人的船呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why do you care about other people's ships?"<br />
<br />
"Why do you care about other people's ships?"<br />
<br />
“因为都挂着五星红旗呀!”<br />
<br />
"Because they all hang the National Flag of the People's Republic of China!"<br />
<br />
"Because they all hang the National Flag of the People's Republic of China!"<br />
<br />
代理挠挠头:“那……我去试试。”<br />
<br />
The agent scratched his head: "Then... I'll try it."<br />
<br />
The agent scratched his head: "Then... I'll try it."<br />
<br />
“一定成功,英国工人是最讲道理的。”<br />
<br />
"It must be successful. British workers are the most reasonable."<br />
<br />
"It must be successful. British workers are the most reasonable ones."<br />
<br />
经过反复磋商,终于成功了。从此,凡是挂着五星红旗船上的滑石粉,只要包装不破,伦敦港一律管卸。<br />
<br />
After repeated consultations, it finally succeeded. From then on, all talcum powder on ships with the National Flag of the People's Republic of China will be unloaded in the Port of London as long as the packaging is not broken.<br />
<br />
After repeated consultations, he finally succeeded. From then on, all talcum powder on ships with the National Flag of the People's Republic of China would be unloaded in the Port of London as long as the packaging was not broken.<br />
<br />
我在这里不想叙述因此每条船每个航次为国家节约了多少外汇,因为读者们比我算得更清楚,那是数以万计十万计……我只想说:十年的政治风浪怎样使贝汉廷完成了从一个船长到一个主人的飞跃。因为他时时想着我们的人民——在各条战线上的每个主人十年沉思的伟大力量。正是它,在推动他不断地向前,向前……<br />
<br />
I don't want to describe how much foreign exchange has been saved for the country by each ship and voyage, because readers know better than me. That is more than tens of thousands... I just want to say: How did Bei Hanting make a leap from a captain to a master after ten years of political storms. Because he always thinks about our people. This is the great power of ten years' meditation of every master on all fronts. It is this power that pushes him forward...<br />
<br />
I don't want to describe how much foreign exchange has been saved for the country by each ship and voyage, because readers know better than me. That is more than tens of thousands... I just want to say: How did Bei Hanting make a leap from a captain to a master after ten years of political storms. Because he always thought about our people. This was the great power of ten years' meditation of every master on all fronts. It was this power that pushed him forward...<br />
<br />
“邓小平式的船长”<br />
<br />
"A Deng Xiaoping-style Captain"<br />
<br />
"A Deng Xiaoping-style Captain"<br />
<br />
中美建交,邓小平同志访问美国引起了巨大的轰动。<br />
<br />
When the diplomatic relations between China and the United States was established, Comrade Deng Xiaoping's visit to the United States caused a great sensation.<br />
<br />
When the diplomatic relations between China and the United States was established, Comrade Deng Xiaoping's visit to the United States caused a great sensation.<br />
<br />
中美航线打通了。好钢用在刀刃上,公司把首航美国的任务交给了贝汉廷,把他调到“柳林海号”。<br />
<br />
The Sino-US air route has been developed. Just like good steel should be used to make blades, talents should also be dispatched to do indispensable things. So the company gave Bei Hanting the task of sailing across the United States the first time and transferred him to the LIULINHAI.<br />
<br />
The Sino-US ship route had been opened. Just like good steel should be used to make blades, talents should also be dispatched to do indispensable things. So the company gave Bei Hanting the task of sailing across the United States the first time and transferred him to the "LIULINHAI".<br />
<br />
但在“汉川号”的航线上,几乎各个港口都打听Captarn贝。有的转达港口的问候,有的诉说朋友的思念,有的跷起大拇指,有的说:“你们中国的船长都像他就好了。”<br />
<br />
However, on the route of the Hanchuan, almost people in every port inquired about Captarn Bei. Some conveyed greetings from the port; some told friends' longing for him; some raised their thumbs, and some said, "I wish you Chinese captains are like him."<br />
<br />
However, on the route of the "Hanchuan", almost people in every port inquired about Captain Bei. Some conveyed greetings from the port; some told friends' longing for him; some raised their thumbs, and some said, "I wish you Chinese captains are all like him."<br />
<br />
“汉川号”实习船长、大副甄永祥同志告诉我:汉堡港的理货组长库克和装卸公司的威利先生干脆说贝汉廷是“邓小平式的船长” 。<br />
<br />
Comrade Zhen Yongxiang, the intern captain and Chief Officer of the Hanchuan, told me that Cook, the tally leader of the Port of Hamburg, and Mr. Willie of the Stevedoring Company even said that Bei Hanting was a "Deng Xiaoping-style captain".<br />
<br />
Comrade Zhen Yongxiang, the intern captain and Chief Officer of the "Hanchuan", told me that Cook, the tally leader of the Port of Hamburg, and Mr. Willie of the Stevedoring Company even said that Bei Hanting was a "Deng Xiaoping-style captain".<br />
<br />
为什么库克先生们给他这样高的评价?只是因为邓小平首访美国,他首航美国的偶然机缘吗?当然不是!<br />
<br />
Why did Mr. Cook think highly of him? Is it just because of Deng Xiaoping's first visit to the United States and his maiden voyage to the United States by chance? Of course not!<br />
<br />
Why did Mr. Cook think highly of him? Was it just because of Deng Xiaoping's first visit to the United States and his maiden voyage to the United States by chance? Of course not!<br />
<br />
大副和水手们津津有味地给我讲开了故事:<br />
<br />
The Chief Officer and the sailors told me the story with relish:<br />
<br />
The Chief Officer and the sailors told me the story with relish:<br />
<br />
有一次,“汉川号”将到亚历山大港卸货。这个港口在苏伊士运河入口处,经常停泊着上百条等待泊位的各国船只,搞不好一等就得几十天。于是,贝汉廷在途中就接二连三地给港口代理打电话,以便让“汉川号”这三个字一再冲击所有有关人员的脑细胞,加深他们的印象。并且他翻检了自己记忆的仓库和笔记本,理清了这个港口必须打交道的一系列人物的姓名、年龄、脾气秉性、特殊爱好、办事方式……<br />
<br />
On one occasion, the Hanchuan unloaded at Alexandria, situating at the entrance of Suez Canal, where hundreds of ships from all over the world waited for berths, which may take several days. Therefore, Bei Hanting called the port agent many times on the way, so that the word "Hanchuan" could be remembered. And he went through his memory storehouse and notebook, and sorted out the names, ages, tempers, special hobbies and ways of doing things of many people that he must deal with in this port...<br />
<br />
On one occasion, the Hanchuan unloaded at the Port of Alexandria, situated at the entrance of Suez Canal, where hundreds of ships from all over the world waited for berths, which may take several days. Therefore, Bei Hanting called the port agent many times on the way, so that the word "Hanchuan" could be remembered. And he went through his memory storehouse and notebook, and sorted out the names, ages, tempers, special hobbies and ways of doing things of many people that he must deal with in this port...<br />
<br />
抵港后,他就直奔港务局,拜访港务局长。他是那样熟悉地称呼着局长的名字,顺利地通过了门岗,又那样亲密地和港务局长谈着家常。当他最后提出要求快速装卸时,局长说:“怎么这样急?你们中国人从来不在乎船期。”他说:“谁说的? 我们现在要搞四化,分秒必争哩!”港务局长像老朋友似的望着他笑。于是他熟练地和所有打交道的人交往着,尽快地办好一切手续,穿过各国彩色缤纷的泊船,用 一句古话说:“扬帆远航” 了,节约了二十多天船期。多么灵活,闪电也似的进击,不像个船长,倒像个军事家。<br />
<br />
After arriving in the port, he went straight to the Port Authority to visit the Director of Port. He called the director's name deftly, so he passed the gate smoothly, and talked with the port director so intimately. When he finally asked for quick loading and unloading, the director said, "Why is it so urgent? You Chinese never care about the shipping schedule." He said, "Who said that? We must carry out the Four Modernizations now, so every minute counts!" The director looked at him like an old friend and smiled. So he skillfully interacted with all the people he dealt with, completed all the formalities as soon as possible, and went through colorful berthing ships of various countries. As an old saying goes, "Setting sail for a long voyage", which saved more than 20 days of sailing. How flexible he was! He took actions like lightning, which made him like a strategist, not a captain. <br />
<br />
After arriving at the port, he went straight to the Port Authority to visit the Director of the Port. He called the director's name deftly, passed the gate smoothly, and talked with the port director so intimately. When he finally asked for quick loading and unloading, the director said, "Why is it so urgent? You Chinese never care about the shipping schedule." He said, "Who said that? We must carry out the Four Modernizations now, so every minute counts!" The director looked at him like an old friend and smiled. So he skillfully interacted with all the people he dealt with, completed all the formalities as soon as possible, and went through colorful berthing ships of various countries. As an old saying goes, "Setting sail for a long voyage", which saved more than 20 days of sailing. How flexible he was! He took actions like lightning, which made him like a strategist, not a captain.<br />
<br />
同“汉川号”一起,我们从国外一共买了四条船。保修期间,发现冷藏舱上有“汗水”,浸湿了货物。贝船长拍下了现场的照片,又请各个港口的验货师签署了证明,还用油漆在船上标出了“汗水”的位置,要回厂求返修。<br />
<br />
We have bought four ships from abroad, including the Hanchuan. During the warranty period, it was found that on the refrigerated compartment was "sweat", which soaked the goods. Captain Bei took photos of the scene, asked the inspectors of various ports to sign the supporting materials, and marked the position of "sweat" on the ship with paint, so he could go back to the factory for repair.<br />
<br />
We had bought four ships from abroad, including the "Hanchuan". During the warranty period, it was found that on the refrigerated compartment was "sweat", which soaked the goods. Captain Bei took photos of the scene, asked the inspectors of various ports to sign the supporting materials, and marked the position of "sweat" on the ship with paint, so he could go back to the factory for repair.<br />
<br />
船厂工程师抱着几尺厚的设计资料翻给他看,满嘴数字、专用名词,就是不肯返修,并说已有两条船来过厂,他们在冷藏舱内侧打了200个洞,找不出问题,已签字同意不返修了。<br />
<br />
The shipyard engineer turned over the design data several Chi (Chi is a unit of length in China) thick to him, full of numbers and special terms, but he refused to repair it. He said that two ships had been to the factory, and they had made 200 holes in the inside of the refrigerated cabin, but could not find any problems, so they signed and agreed not to repair ships.<br />
<br />
The shipyard engineer turned over the design data several Chi (Chi is a unit of length in China) thick to him, full of numbers and special terms, but he refused to repair it. He said that two ships had been to the factory, and they had made 200 holes on the inside of the refrigerated cabin, but could not find any problems, so they signed and agreed not to repair ships.<br />
<br />
“请你看我的船。”<br />
<br />
"Please look at my ship."<br />
<br />
"Please look at my ship."<br />
<br />
“你的船,绝缘体是举世无双的优质品。”<br />
<br />
"The insulator in your ship is unparalleled quality products in the world."<br />
<br />
"The insulators in your ship are unparalleled quality products in the world."<br />
<br />
“举世无双的优质品却搞出了前所罕见的’汗水’。”<br />
<br />
"The unparalleled quality products in the world have produced a rare 'sweat '."<br />
<br />
"The unparalleled quality products in the world have produced a rare 'sweat '."<br />
<br />
“理论上找不出任何错误。”<br />
<br />
"No mistakes can be found in theory."<br />
<br />
"No mistakes can be found in theory."<br />
<br />
“实践上就是‘汗水’浸坏了货物。”<br />
<br />
"In practice, 'sweat 'soaked the goods."<br />
<br />
"In practice, 'sweat 'soaked the goods."<br />
<br />
工程师有成百上千条理论根据,但贝汉廷有一叠ー叠的现实照片,证人签单。<br />
<br />
Engineers had hundreds of theories, but Bei Hanting had stacks of photos and bills signed by witnesses.<br />
<br />
Engineers had hundreds of theories, but Bei Hanting had stacks of photos and bills signed by witnesses.<br />
<br />
工程师火了:“找不出理论根据,就是不给修,这是国际惯例做法,合同上规定的。”<br />
<br />
The engineer was angry: "If you can't find a theoretical basis, I won't repair it. This is an international practice and stipulated in the contract."<br />
<br />
The engineer was angry: "If you can't find a theoretical basis, I won't repair it. This is an international practice, which is stipulated in the contract."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷也火了:“放下你那几尺厚的资料!我拼上几夜不睡也要查出根据来,你吓唬不住我!”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was also angry: "Put down your data a few Chi thick! I will find out the basis even if I don't sleep for a few nights. You can't scare me!"<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was also angry: "Put down your data a few Chi thick! I will find out the basis even if I don't sleep for a few nights. You can't scare me!"<br />
<br />
工程师像海水一样莫测高深,但是贝汉廷却像礁石一样坚硬,于是海水退潮了,留下了资料。<br />
<br />
Engineers were as unfathomable as seawater, but Bei Hanting was as hard as a reef, so the seawater ebbed, leaving behind information.<br />
<br />
Engineers were as unfathomable as seawater, but Bei Hanting was as hard as a reef, so the seawater ebbed, leaving behind the information.<br />
<br />
于是贝汉廷顽强地用血肉之躯去迎战冷冰冰的数据。这毕竟是专而又专的船舶冷藏业务啊！热学、力学、钢铁、绝缘……几十门学科。但血肉之躯也自有它的好处,那就是它有主观能动性。贝汉廷分析着各个不同的数据,寻找着规律,终于抓住了矛盾的牛鼻子。为什么在冷冻舱的各个部位绝缘体都是!80毫米厚,而横梁部分的绝缘体只有90毫米?差距有一倍,这合理吗?贝汉廷一下子跳了起来, 跑到冷藏舱实地对照,油漆的印痕条条排列。果然,“汗水”出在横梁部位……<br />
<br />
So Bei Hanting stubbornly confronted the cold data with his flesh and blood. After all, this was a ship refrigeration business, which was difficult for a layman to understand! Heat, mechanics, steel, insulation... dozens of disciplines. But a person also had its own advantages, that was, he had subjective initiative. Bei Hanting analyzed different data, looked for laws, and finally found the problem. Why were insulators in every part of the freezer 180 mm thick, while the insulator of the beam part was only 90 mm? Was it reasonable? Bei Hanting jumped up at once and ran to the refrigerator for field comparison. The marks of paint were arranged in strips. Sure enough, "sweat" came out of the beam...<br />
<br />
So Bei Hanting stubbornly confronted the cold data with his flesh and blood. After all, this was a ship refrigeration business, which was difficult for a layman to understand! Heat, mechanics, steel, insulation... dozens of disciplines. But a person also had its own advantages, that was, he had subjective initiative. Bei Hanting analyzed different data, looked for laws, and finally found the problem. Why were insulators in every part of the freezer 180 mm thick, while the insulator of the beam part was only 90 mm? Was it reasonable? Bei Hanting jumped up at once and ran to the refrigerator for field comparison. The marks of paint were arranged in strips. Sure enough, "sweat" came out of the beam...<br />
<br />
把工程师请了回来,工程师先是点头后是摇头:“没想到啊！没想到问题出在这里!”<br />
<br />
When the engineer was invited back, he first nodded and then shook his head: "I didn't expect it! I didn't expect the problem to be here!"<br />
<br />
When the engineer was invited back, he first nodded and then shook his head: "I didn't expect it! I didn't expect the problem to be here!"<br />
<br />
怎么办?返修呗！船厂工人连续开了几个夜班,加铺了一层绝缘体,加铺了一层甲板。<br />
<br />
What to do? Repair it! Shipyard workers worked several night shifts in succession to lay an insulator and a deck.<br />
<br />
What to do? Repair it! Shipyard workers worked several night shifts in succession to add an insulator and a deck.<br />
<br />
这条船修好了,其他的呢?工程师听也不要听。于是,贝汉廷去见总经理。<br />
<br />
This ship has been repaired. What about the others? Engineers didn’t even think about them. So Bei Hanting went to see the general manager.<br />
<br />
This ship had been repaired. What about the others? Engineers didn’t want to hear them. So Bei Hanting went to see the general manager.<br />
<br />
总经理说:“那两条船已经双方签过字,免修了。”<br />
<br />
The general manager said, "The two ships have been signed by both parties and are exempted from repair."<br />
<br />
The general manager said, "The two ships have been signed by both parties and are exempted from repair."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“但道理不是一样吗?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "But it makes sense for all ships?"<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "But it makes sense for all ships?"<br />
<br />
总经理说:“你知道你这一条船返修用了我多少美金?上20万哩!”<br />
<br />
The general manager said, "Do you know how many dollars I spent on repairing your ship? Up to 200,000 dollars!"<br />
<br />
The general manager said, "Do you know how many dollars I spent on repairing your ship? Up to 200,000 dollars!"<br />
<br />
“我很抱歉,”贝汉廷说,“我知道四条船索赔,工厂损失是很大的。但如果不修好,那三条船在全世界航行,等于给你的厂做活广告。那样,你的损失不就更大了吗?”<br />
<br />
"I'm sorry," said Bei Hanting, "I know that if four ships claim compensation, the loss of the factory is very great. But if they are not repaired, those three ships will sail all over the world, which is equivalent to advertising your factory. Then, wouldn't your loss be even greater?"<br />
<br />
"I'm sorry," said Bei Hanting, "I know that if four ships claim compensation, the loss of the factory is very great. But if they are not repaired, those three ships will sail all over the world, which is equivalent to advertising your factory. Then, wouldn't your loss be even greater?"<br />
<br />
总经理先是摇头,后是点头,最后抬起头来打量这个个子小小的Captain贝,欣赏起这个好当家人来了。真是:第一流的头脑,外加一副铁腕,好一个铁腕人物啊! 四条船冷藏舱设备返修共花了船厂72万美金哩！<br />
<br />
The general manager shook his head first, then nodded, and finally looked up at the small Captain Bei and appreciated the good expert. He had excellent mind, powerful control. What a strong person! It costed the shipyard 720,000 US dollars to repair the refrigerated cabin equipment of the four ships!<br />
<br />
The general manager shook his head first, then nodded, and finally looked up at the small Captain Bei and appreciated the good expert. He had excellent mind, powerful control. What a strong person! It costed the shipyard 720,000 US dollars to repair the refrigerated cabin equipment of the four ships!<br />
<br />
水手们还十分钦佩地讲起了大吊的故事:<br />
<br />
The sailors also told the story of the cargo handling gear with great admiration:<br />
<br />
The sailors also told the story of the cargo handling gear with great admiration:<br />
<br />
在意大利,好像是热那亚港,港口当时正好没岸吊。过去都是借用船上的大吊,喏,用就用呗！好像是已成惯例了。但贝汉廷反复研究各港口的资料,发现那是不合理的。<br />
<br />
In Italy, it seems to be the Port of Genoa, which happened to have no shore tackle at that time. In the past, people in the Port of Genoa used to borrow the cargo handling gear on board. Well, it didn’t matter! It seemed to have become a routine. However, Bei Hanting repeatedly studied the data of various ports and found that it was unreasonable.<br />
<br />
In Italy, it seemed to be the Port of Genoa, which happened to have no shore tackle at that time. In the past, people in the Port of Genoa used to borrow the cargo handling gear on board. Well, it didn’t matter! It seemed to have become a routine. However, Bei Hanting repeatedly studied the data of various ports and found that it was unreasonable.<br />
<br />
于是他向代理提出:应由货主付费。代理说:“过去都不付呀!”<br />
<br />
So he proposed to the agent that the owner of goods should pay. The agent said, "They didn't pay in the past!"<br />
<br />
So he proposed to the agent that the owner of goods should pay. The agent said, "They didn't pay in the past!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“但那是不合理的。”<br />
<br />
"But that doesn't make sense," Bei Hanting said.<br />
<br />
"But that doesn't make sense," Bei Hanting said.<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“你想,买这条船时,大吊是船价的十分之一。用了我的大吊,使了我的人工,磨损了我的钢缆……难道不付费是合理的吗?”<br />
<br />
"Think about it. When you buy a ship, the cargo handling gear is one tenth of the price of the ship. They used my gear, needed my seamen and worn my steel cable... Is it reasonable not to pay?"<br />
<br />
"Think about it. When you buy a ship, the cargo handling gear is one tenth of the price of the ship. They used my gear, needed my seamen and worn my steel cable... Is it reasonable not to pay?"<br />
<br />
“是不够合理。那好,我去和货主谈谈。”第二天代理来讲,货主同意了,因为 他如不同意付大吊费,他就得到港口申请岸吊,同样得付费用,而且还得等着调配。<br />
<br />
"It’s not reasonable enough. Well, I'll talk to the owner." The next day, the agent said, the owner agreed, because if he didn't agree to pay the fee, he had to go to the port to apply for shore tackle, so he had to pay the same fee, and wait for the deployment.<br />
<br />
"It’s not reasonable enough. Well, I'll talk to the owner." The next day, the agent said, the owner agreed, because if he didn't agree to pay the fee, he had to go to the port to apply for shore tackle, so he had to pay the same fee, and wait for the deployment.<br />
<br />
第一次大吊费拿到了,有好几万外汇呢!拿到之后,贝汉廷立刻要求以书面形式,将它作为制度固定下来。<br />
<br />
For the first time, they got the fee of using cargo handling gear, which brought them tens of thousands of foreign currencies! After that, Bei Hanting immediately demanded that this had to be fixed as a system in writing.<br />
<br />
For the first time, they got the fee of using cargo handling gear, which brought them tens of thousands of foreign currencies! After that, Bei Hanting immediately demanded that this had to be fixed as a system in writing.<br />
<br />
拿到书面材料之后,贝汉廷代表公司和代理谈判,要求所有的中国船以后一律 按此办理。<br />
<br />
After receiving the written materials, Bei Hanting, on behalf of the company, negotiated with the agent and asked all Chinese ships to follow this procedure in the future.<br />
<br />
After receiving the written materials, Bei Hanting, on behalf of the company, negotiated with the agent and asked all Chinese ships to follow this procedure in the future.<br />
<br />
代理说:“你的船,我保证每次如此,但别的船……”<br />
<br />
The agent said, " I can promise your ship’s fees every time, but as for other ships..."<br />
<br />
The agent said, " I can promise your ship's fees every time, but as for other ships..."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“道理不是ー样的吗? ”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "But it makes sense for all ships."<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "But it makes sense for all ships."<br />
<br />
谈判的结果,是拿到了港方的书面合同。贝汉廷立即把这份材料寄回上海,由公司报总公司,向世界其他港口交涉,一律照此办理。<br />
<br />
As a result of the negotiation, a written contract from the port was obtained. Bei Hanting immediately sent this material back to Shanghai, so the company reported it to the head office who negotiated with other ports in the world that all of them should do it.<br />
<br />
As a result of the negotiation, a written contract from the port was obtained. Bei Hanting immediately sent this material back to Shanghai, so the company reported it to the head office who negotiated with other ports in the world that all of them should do it.<br />
<br />
多么精细,多么科学!完全是科学家的逻辑!然而又多么灵活,多么有办法, 简直像个出色的外交家。<br />
<br />
How delicate and scientific! It's entirely the logic of scientists! However, how flexible and resourceful he is! he is like an excellent diplomat.<br />
<br />
How delicate and scientific! It was entirely the logic of scientists! However, how flexible and resourceful he was! he was like an excellent diplomat.<br />
<br />
有一次……<br />
<br />
One time...<br />
<br />
One time...<br />
<br />
还有一次……<br />
<br />
There was another time...<br />
<br />
There was another time...<br />
<br />
可惜,无法在这里写下政委、大副、水手们向我讲述的所有的故事,我只能记下他们那钦佩的眼光、赞叹的话语——<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, I can't write down all the stories told to me by the political commissar, the Chief Officer and the sailors here. I can only write down their admiring eyes and words of admiration.<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, I can't write down all the stories told to me by the political commissar, the Chief Officer and the sailors here. I can only write down their admiring eyes and words of admiration.<br />
<br />
在海里,贝汉廷像一块冲不动的礁石。<br />
<br />
In the sea, Bei Hanting is like a rock that cannot be washed.<br />
<br />
In the sea, Bei Hanting is like a rock that cannot be washed.<br />
<br />
在岸上,贝汉廷是ー块千锤百炼的钢铁。<br />
<br />
On the shore, Bei Hanting is a piece of steel that has been hammered and tempered many times.<br />
<br />
On the shore, Bei Hanting is a piece of steel that has been hammered and tempered many times.<br />
<br />
开起船来,又多么潇洒。“汉川号”在他手里不像条船,倒像个芭蕾舞演员,是那样迷人的优美……<br />
<br />
How cool he is when sailing. The Hanchuan is not like a ship when he navigates it, but like a ballet dancer, charming and beautiful...<br />
<br />
How cool he is when sailing. The Hanchuan is not like a ship when he navigates it, but like a ballet dancer, charming and beautiful...<br />
<br />
水手们都习惯了,多大的风浪也没有人去向他报告。因为你报告:“九级风呢, 船长!”他会不动声色地看看海面:“有九级吗?我看还好嘛！”“八级浪了,船长!” 他仍不动声色地看看:“有八级吗?我看还好嘛!”贝汉廷懂得一个船长镇定自若的意义,于是再也没有人和他谈风浪问题了。<br />
<br />
Sailors were familiar with him, so no one reported to him about the storm. Because when you reported, "Strong gale, captain!" He would look at the sea calmly: "Is there a strong gale? I think it doesn’t matter" “The waves are very high, captain! "He still looked calmly:" “Are they very high? I think it doesn’t matter!” Bei Hanting understood the meaning of a captain's composure, so no one talked to him about wind and waves anymore.<br />
<br />
Sailors were familiar with him, so no one reported to him about the storm. Because when you reported, "Strong gale, captain!" He would look at the sea calmly: "Is there a strong gale? I think it doesn’t matter" “The waves are very high, captain! "He still looked calmly:" “Are they very high? I think it doesn’t matter!” Bei Hanting understood the meaning of a captain's composure, so no one talked to him about wind and waves anymore.<br />
<br />
只有我这个外行,反复问他:“你老是’还好,还好‘,可几级风浪船就会沉呢?”他沉思地看着我说:“多大的风浪也不会让万吨轮沉的,只有船本身的损坏才会沉船。而只有不懂得船也不懂得大海的船长才会把船搞坏,把船搞沉。”<br />
<br />
Only I, a layman, repeatedly asked him: "You always say ‘It doesn’t matter’, but what kind of storms will sink the ship?" He looked at me thoughtfully and said, "They won’t sink the over 10,000-ton ship. Only the damage of the ship itself will sink a ship. And only the master who doesn't know the ship or the sea will break the ship and sink it."<br />
<br />
Only I, a layman, repeatedly asked him: "You always say ‘It doesn’t matter’, but what kind of storms will sink the ship?" He looked at me thoughtfully and said, "They won’t sink the ship over 10,000 tons. Only the damage of the ship itself will sink a ship. And only the master who doesn't know the ship or the sea will break the ship and sink it."<br />
<br />
好一个“只有不懂得船也不懂得大海的船长オ会把船搞沉”!而船长,master,在做形容词用时,又意味着熟练、精通。<br />
<br />
His words surprised me! And master, when used as an adjective, means skilled and proficient.<br />
<br />
His words surprised me! And the "master", when used as an adjective, also means skilled and proficient.<br />
<br />
“He is master of his business。”可以这样说:作为国家领导人之一的邓小平和作为船长的贝汉廷,对自己的业务都是那样熟练、精通;面对各自的风浪又都同样镇定自若,勇于驾驭;偏偏在他们各自的航程中,又都具有那种百折不挠、鞠躬尽瘁的主人翁态度。这就难怪贝汉廷有了这样ー个光荣的称号——“邓小平式的船长”。谁能说库克先生们没有眼力呢?<br />
<br />
"He is master of his business." It can be said that Deng Xiaoping, one of the national leaders, and Bei Hanting, a master, are so skilled and proficient in their own business. In the face of their own storms, they are equally calm and brave in controlling things. It happened that in their respective voyages, they all had the attitude of being masters with perseverance and dedication. It is no wonder that Bei Hanting has such a glorious title as "a Deng Xiaoping-style Captain". Who can say that Mr. Cook doesn’t know how to find a talent?<br />
<br />
"He is master of his business." It can be said that Deng Xiaoping, one of the national leaders, and Bei Hanting, a master, are so skilled and proficient in their own business. In the face of their own storms, they are equally calm and brave in controlling things. It happened that in their respective voyages, they all had the attitude of being masters with perseverance and dedication. It is no wonder that Bei Hanting has such a glorious title as "a Deng Xiaoping-style captain". Who can say that Mr. Cook doesn’t know how to find a talent?<br />
<br />
海员风度<br />
<br />
Seamanship<br />
<br />
"SOS”！ “SOS”！！ “SOS"! ! !<br />
<br />
塞浦路斯商船“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”不断发出紧急呼号。<br />
<br />
Eleyna's Hope, a merchant ship of the Republic of Cyprus, kept sending out emergency calls.<br />
<br />
Eleyna's Hope, a merchant ship of the Republic of Cyprus, kept sending out emergency calls.<br />
<br />
船长伊柯优斯眼看这艘28年的超龄船,在九级大风袭击中主机不能运转,全船失去控制,海底阀裂损,大量海水涌入机舱,已齐人脖颈,决定发出弃船求救信号。<br />
<br />
Captain Ikeus saw that the 28-year-old ship could not be operated in a strong gale, the whole ship lost control, the submarine valve was cracked, and a large amount of seawater poured into the engine room, leading to neck-deep sea water. He decided to send out a distress signal for abandoning the ship.<br />
<br />
Captain Ikeus saw that the 28-year-old ship could not be operated in a strong gale, the whole ship lost control, the submarine valve was cracked, and a large amount of seawater poured into the engine room, leading to neck-deep sea water. He decided to send out a distress signal for abandoning the ship.<br />
<br />
"SOS”！ “SOS”！！ “SOS"! ! !<br />
<br />
全体船员及一名家属已下到救生小艇,小艇被巨浪颠簸得直上直下,完全没有行驶能力。在望远镜里看见远远一只船影,水手们用全部生命凝视着,但黑影渐渐消失。可能是风浪太大,他们自己也在危险之中,不能靠近。<br />
<br />
The crew and a family member have got off the life-saving boat, which was bumped up and down by huge waves and completely incapable of being driven. The sailors saw a distant ship shadow in the telescope, and they pinned all their hopes on it and stared at it, but the shadow gradually disappeared. It may be that the wind and waves were too strong, and they were also in danger, so they can't get close.<br />
<br />
The crew and a family member had got off the life-saving boat, which was bumped up and down by huge waves and completely incapable of being driven. The sailors saw a distant ship shadow in the telescope, and they pinned all their hopes on it and stared at it, but the shadow gradually disappeared. It may be that the wind and waves were too strong, and they were also in danger, so they couldn't get close.<br />
<br />
又是一个黑影远远驶去,又是一个远远的黑影……也可能那只是自己希望的幻影吧,船员们已失去获救的信心……<br />
<br />
Another dark shadow was far away, and another... Maybe it was just an illusion of their hope, so the crew has lost confidence in being rescued...<br />
<br />
Another dark shadow was far away, and another... Maybe it was just an illusion of their hope, so the crew had lost confidence in being rescued...<br />
<br />
“滴滴滴,答答答,滴滴滴厂’“汉川号”的一个年轻报务员在呼啸的风暴声中突然收到了“SOS”的求救信号。贝汉廷一跃而起,到海图室查明了难船失事位置,他立即命令:“全体船员进入岗位准备抢救厂’“满舵！全速进!”超高频无线电话从此不断呼叫:“艾琳娜斯霍浦号！我是中国船’汉川号’！前来救助,请回答,请回答！！”<br />
<br />
"Beep, beep, beep!" A young radio operator of the Hanchuan suddenly received a distress signal of “SOS” in the howling storm. Bei Hanting jumped up and went to the chart room to find out the location of the shipwreck. He immediately ordered: "All crew members prepare to rescue another ship!" "Hard rudder! Go forward at full speed!" The UHF wireless telephone has been called all the time since then: "Eleyna's Hope! I am the Chinese ship Hanchuan! We come to rescue you, please answer, please answer!!"<br />
<br />
"Beep, beep, beep!" A young radio operator of the Hanchuan suddenly received a distress signal of “SOS” in the howling storm. Bei Hanting jumped up and went to the chart room to find out the location of the shipwreck. He immediately ordered: "All crew members prepare to rescue another ship!" "Hard rudder! Go forward at full speed!" The UHF wireless telephone had been called all the time since then: "Eleyna's Hope! I am the Chinese ship Hanchuan! We come to rescue you, please answer, please answer!!"<br />
<br />
一片静默。遇难船早已失去全部通讯能力。<br />
<br />
There was silence. The wrecked ship has long lost all communication capability.<br />
<br />
There was silence. The wrecked ship had long lost all communication capability.<br />
<br />
当“汉川号”驶近难船时,只见它船身已右倾三十多度,船尾下沉。在十分危险的状态里,正在狂风暴雪中哑然下沉,下沉……当“汉川号”好不容易驶近救生 艇时,一个压顶巨浪把它打回遇难船的舷旁去了。四次驶近,四次打开,贝汉廷下令在它周围游弋等待。直到ー个多小时后,第五次驶近时,老水手王敬元一直捏在手中的粗尼龙撇缆绳,オ好像脱弦之箭顶风穿雪疾飞过去,被难船水手接住……<br />
<br />
When the Hanchuan approached the shipwreck, its hull had turned more than 30 degrees to the right and its stern sank. In a very dangerous state, it was sinking in the storm and a blizzard... When the Hanchuan finally approached the lifeboat, a huge wave slapped against it back to the side of the wrecked ship’s starboard. They had tried four times, but they failed, so Bei Hanting ordered to wait around it. After more than an hour later, when they approached for the fifth time, the thick nylon cable in the hands of the experienced sailor Wang Jingyuan was thrown, as if it was an arrow taking off the string and flying through the snow against the wind and it was caught by sailors of the shipwreck...<br />
<br />
When the Hanchuan approached the shipwreck, its hull had turned more than 30 degrees to the right and its stern sank. In a very dangerous state, it was sinking in the storm and a blizzard... When the Hanchuan finally approached the lifeboat, a huge wave slapped against it back to the side of the wrecked ship’s starboard. They had tried four times, but they failed, so Bei Hanting ordered them to wait around it. After more than an hour later, when they approached for the fifth time, the thick nylon cable in the hands of the experienced sailor Wang Jingyuan was thrown, as if it was an arrow taking off the string and flying through the snow against the wind and it was caught by sailors of the shipwreck...<br />
<br />
这时,只有这时,贝汉廷才腾出空儿来回答整个地中海东部塞得港、马耳他、雅典、塞浦路斯电台及附近船舶的互相呼号:“我是中国’汉川号’,现在’艾琳娜斯霍浦号’的船员已安全登上我船,请放心,谢谢……”<br />
<br />
At this time, and at this time, Bei Hanting answered the calls of all the eastern Mediterranean, Port Said, Malta, Athens, Cyprus radio stations and nearby ships: "I am the Chinese Hanchuan, and now the crew of the Eleyna's Hope have safely boarded my ship. Please rest assured, thank you...”<br />
<br />
At this time, and only at this time, Bei Hanting was free to answer the calls of all the eastern Mediterranean, Port Said, Malta, Athens, Cyprus radio stations and nearby ships: "I am the Chinese Hanchuan, and now the crew of the Eleyna's Hope have safely boarded my ship. Please rest assured, thank you...”<br />
<br />
但是,“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”船长伊柯优斯却迟迟不肯上到“汉川号”。他和三个船员留在他的小艇中一再坚持靠拢难船。贝汉廷在风浪中再三向他疾呼:“危险! 危险! !”但看到他那样坚持,考虑到他仍坐在自己的救生艇上,他还是“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”的船长,有权做出自己的决定。因此只能劝慰他:“作为一个船长,我很了解你的处境和心情。我一定在旁守护,在旁守护!在旁一守护!！”小艇时起时伏 地在巨浪的峰波间摇晃着离去!“汉川号”始终在旁边巡回游弋……<br />
<br />
However, Ikeus, the captain of the Eleyna's Hope, refused to get on the Hanchuan. He and three crew members stayed in his boat and insisted on getting close to the shipwreck again and again. Bei Hanting repeatedly cried to him in the wind and waves: "Danger! Danger!!" But seeing his insistence, Bei considers that he is still sitting in his lifeboat, and he is still the captain of the Eleyna's Hope and has the right to make his own decisions. Therefore, he can only comfort him: "As a captain, I know your situation and mood very well. I will guard you, guard you! Guard you by the side!!" From time to time, the boat swayed away between the huge crested waves! The Hanchuan was always touring around...<br />
<br />
However, Ikeus, the captain of the Eleyna's Hope, refused to get on the Hanchuan. He and three crew members stayed in his boat and insisted on getting close to the shipwreck again and again. Bei Hanting repeatedly cried to him in the wind and waves: "Danger! Danger!!" But seeing his insistence, Bei considered that he was still sitting in his lifeboat, and he was still the captain of the Eleyna's Hope and had the right to make his own decisions. Therefore, he could only comfort him: "As a captain, I know your situation and mood very well. I will guard you, guard you! Guard you by the side!!" From time to time, the boat swayed away between the huge crested waves! The Hanchuan was always touring around...<br />
<br />
17点多,夜幕即将降临,九级的西北风把浪和雪卷上阴暗的高空,风在白茫茫的海上打转,海浪呼啸怒吼,贝汉廷开始忧虑地用汽笛和高音喇叭招呼那位守职的船长。17点24分,小艇终于再次靠近“汉川号”。贝汉廷特地到甲板上去迎接这位不幸的希腊同行。当伊柯优斯得知“汉川号”正在驶往伦敦途中时,他一再要求:<br />
<br />
At more than 17 o'clock, night was about to come, and the strong northwest gale swept the waves and snow up into the dark sky. The wind swirled in the white sea, and the waves roared. Bei Hanting began to greet the captain who kept his duty anxiously with his whistle and loudspeaker. At 17:24, the boat finally approached the Hanchuan again. Bei Hanting went to the deck to meet the unfortunate Greek counterpart. When Ikeus learned that the Hanchuan was on its way to London, he repeatedly asked:<br />
<br />
At more than 17 o'clock, night was about to come, and the strong northwest gale swept the waves and snow up into the dark sky. The wind swirled in the white sea, and the waves roared. Bei Hanting began to greet the captain who kept his duty anxiously with his whistle and loudspeaker. At 17:24, the boat finally approached the Hanchuan again. Bei Hanting went to the deck to meet the unfortunate Greek counterpart. When Ikeus learned that the Hanchuan was on its way to London, he repeatedly asked:<br />
<br />
“请继续留在遇险船边,因为我必须守候它沉没。在它沉没后,请把我和我的 船员送到希腊克里特岛登岸。”<br />
<br />
"Please stay by the ship in distress, because I must wait for it to sink. After it sinks, please send me and my crew to Crete, Greece."<br />
<br />
"Please stay by the ship in distress, because I must wait for it to sink. After it sinks, please send me and my crew to Crete, Greece."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷,这位在他的航海日志上没有误过一天航期的船长,抢船期抢得没有一次是在港口休息日停泊记录的精细至极的船长,这时却毫不迟疑地答应了。考虑到这艘没有灯光漂泊在国际航线附近的遇难船,对附近的船只是个极大的威胁,他不但答应了伊柯优斯的要求,而且立即命令把甲板灯全部打开,守候在它旁边,并反复高声呼号:“航行中的船舶,我是中国’汉川号’！请注意！在你的左舷三浬处有艘不点灯的遇难船,请注意远行,请注意不要碰撞……”就这样通宵守护,防止了一切可能发生的事故,直到难船最后沉没。他整整两天两夜没有合眼！<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, the captain, who had not missed a day's voyage in his log book, and had occupied the shipment date so he wouldn't moor on the port’s rest day, was considerate of these things, but then he agreed without hesitation. Considering that the wrecked ship drifting near the international route without lights was a great threat to the nearby ships, he not only agreed to Ikeus's request, but also immediately ordered all the deck lights to be turned on, and the ship waiting beside it, and he repeatedly shouted loudly: "The sailing ship, I am China's' Hanchuan '! Attention, please! There is a shipwreck without lighting three miles to your Port side. Please pay attention when you are sailing. Please pay attention not to collide..." In this way, all possible accidents were prevented until the shipwreck finally sank. He didn't sleep a wink for two days and nights!<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, the captain, who had not missed a day's voyage in his log book, and had occupied the shipment date so he wouldn't moor on the port’s rest day, was considerate of these things, but then he agreed without hesitation. Considering that the wrecked ship drifting near the international route without lights was a great threat to the nearby ships, he not only agreed to Ikeus's request, but also immediately ordered all the deck lights to be turned on, and the ship waiting beside it, and he repeatedly shouted loudly: "The sailing ship, I am China's 'Hanchuan'! Attention, please! There is a shipwreck without lighting three miles to your Port side. Please pay attention when you are sailing. Please pay attention not to collide..." In this way, all possible accidents were prevented until the shipwreck finally sank. He didn't sleep a wink for two days and nights!<br />
<br />
Seamanship,直译“船艺”,意译时,水手们却惯于把它称作海员风度。是啊! 人有人的风度,船有船的风度,国有国的风度。“外国人不可能个个到我们国内来认识我们的国家,”贝汉廷常常对他的船员说,“他们就是通过我们每一个海员来了解中国的。中国,是五千年的文明古国,解放了三十年,有着崇高的威望……我们要牢牢记着这点,时时刻刻记住。”<br />
<br />
Seamanship, literally translated as "the art of navigating a ship", is used to being called seafarers' graces when translated freely. Yeah! People have graces, ships have graces, and countries have graces. "Foreigners can't all come to our country to know our country," Bei Hanting often said to his crew, "They know China through every seaman. China, an ancient civilization of 5,000 years, has been liberated for 30 years and has high prestige... We must keep this in mind and remember it all the time."<br />
<br />
Seamanship, literally translated as "the art of navigating a ship", is used to being called seafarers' graces when translated freely. Yeah! People have graces, ships have graces, and countries have graces. "Foreigners can't all come to our country to know our country," Bei Hanting often said to his crew, "They know China through every seaman. China, an ancient civilization of 5,000 years, has been liberated for 30 years and has high prestige... We must keep this in mind and remember it all the time."<br />
<br />
他是这样说的,也是这样做的。因此无怪乎在“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”船员遇救后个个都感到了中国的风度。巴基斯坦船员穆罕默德说:“当我们完全绝望时,看见远远驶来一条船,但直到看见船上Mark是波纹五星时才又重燃起希望之火……”三个到过中国的船员说:“中国人会来救我们的！你们果然来了。而且在那样的风暴中整整守护了两天两夜,多危险啊……”斯里兰卡船员比雷说:“我回去后,要告诉我的家人亲戚朋友,是中国人救了我！在你们围着我们游弋时,我们都明白不用怕了。中国人在等待和保护我们！我ー辈子不会忘记,而且子子孙孙也不会忘记。”希腊轮机长阿松年底斯•康诺是全船年龄最大的船员,他要求用我们船上的无线电话和家中通话,当他从电话中听到他妻子的声音时,哭得讲不出话来,十几分钟后才断断续续讲出:“你一定听到我遇难了……放心……中国人救了我们……并且船长、政委和我们……同桌吃饭……”<br />
<br />
That's what he said and did. So it is no wonder that after the rescue of the crew of the Eleyna's Hope, everyone felt Chinese graces. Muhammad, a Pakistani crew member, said: "When we were completely desperate, we saw a ship coming far away, but until we saw the Mark on board was five stars, the hope like fire was rekindled..." Three crew members who had been to China said: "The Chinese will come to save us! You did come. And it's dangerous to guard our ship for two days and two nights in such a storm... " A crew member Burey of Sri Lankan said:" When I go back, I want to tell my family, relatives and friends that it was the Chinese who saved me! When you tour around us, we all know it’s unnecessary to be afraid. The Chinese are waiting and protecting us! I will never forget it in my life, and neither will my children and grandchildren. " Greek Chief engineer Asong Sikono was the oldest crew member of the whole ship. He asked to use our ship's wireless phone to talk to his family. When he heard his wife's voice on the phone, he cried and couldn't speak. After more than ten minutes, he said intermittently: "You must have heard that I met with misfortune... rest assured... the Chinese saved us... and the captain, political commissar and us... ate at the same table..."<br />
<br />
That's what he said and did. So it is no wonder that after the crew of the Eleyna's Hope were rescued, everyone felt Chinese graces. Muhammad, a Pakistani crew member, said: "When we were completely desperate, we saw a ship coming far away, but until we saw the Mark on board was five stars, the fire of hopes was rekindled..." Three crew members who had been to China said: "The Chinese will come to save us! You did come. And it was dangerous to guard our ship for two days and two nights in such a storm..." A crew member Burey of Sri Lankan said:" When I go back, I want to tell my family, relatives and friends that it was the Chinese who saved me! When you toured around us, we all knew it was unnecessary to be afraid. The Chinese are waiting and protecting us! I will never forget it in my life, and neither will my children and grandchildren." Greek Chief engineer Asong Sikono was the oldest crew member of the whole ship. He asked to use our ship's wireless phone to talk to his family. When he heard his wife's voice on the phone, he cried and couldn't speak. After more than ten minutes, he said intermittently: "You must have heard that I met with misfortune... rest assured... the Chinese saved us... and the captain, political commissar and us... ate at the same table..."<br />
<br />
希腊大管舱佛来季・本德里斯说:“你们不仅救了我,还救了我的妻子。她还有八天就要生育了,这次如果生个儿子,一定要取名’汉川‘，’汉川’！……”<br />
<br />
"You not only saved me, but also saved my wife," said Friedrich Bendris, a Greek Second engineer. She will give birth in eight days. If she gives birth to a son this time, he must be named 'Hanchuan'..."<br />
<br />
"You not only saved me, but also saved my wife," said Friedrich Bendris, a Greek Second engineer, "She will give birth in eight days. If she gives birth to a son this time, he must be named 'Hanchuan'..."<br />
<br />
Seamanship, seamanship,人有人的风度,船有船的风度,国有国的风度！但 愿一但愿我们每个人也能时时刻刻记住这ー点吧！<br />
<br />
Just like seamanship, people have graces, ships have graces, and countries have graces! I hope each of us can remember it all the time!<br />
<br />
Just like seamanship, people have graces, ships have graces, and countries have graces! I hope each of us can remember it all the time!<br />
<br />
船长的苦恼<br />
<br />
The Master's Worries<br />
<br />
我望着贝汉廷开朗的面容,他是多么幸福啊!这个精通自己业务、善于驾驭大海的能手,这个在国际远洋航线上有着很高威望的船长,他,可也有什么苦恼吗?<br />
<br />
I looked at Bei Hanting's cheerful face. How happy he was! He was an expert who was proficient in his own business and was good at controlling the sea, and a master who had high prestige on international ocean-going routes, can he also have any worries?<br />
<br />
I looked at Bei Hanting's cheerful face. How happy he was! He was an expert who was proficient in his own business and was good at controlling the sea, and a master who had high prestige on international ocean-going routes, could he also have any worries?<br />
<br />
他沉吟了一阵,竟叹了一口气说:“我53岁了,正当年,正该大干一场啊,可有时,却不得不睁着一只眼,闭着一只眼过……”<br />
<br />
He pondered for a while, sighed and said: "I am 53 years old. I’m in my prime, so I should make more contributions, but sometimes I have to turn a blind eye to something..."<br />
<br />
He pondered for a while, sighed and said: "I am 53 years old. I’m in my prime, so I should make more contributions, but sometimes I have to turn a blind eye to something..."<br />
<br />
旁边的同志一船员们,还有工作组的同志,纷纷补充说:“现在,谁不想甩开膀子大干一场啊!可掣肘的事就那么多!”<br />
<br />
The comrades next to him, the crew members and the comrades of the working group, added one after another: "Now, who doesn't want to roll up our sleeves! However, there are so many things constraining us!"<br />
<br />
The comrades next to him, the crew members and the comrades of the working group, added one after another: "Now, who doesn't want to roll up our sleeves! However, there are so many things constraining us!"<br />
<br />
比如:什么呢?<br />
<br />
Like what?<br />
<br />
什么吗?大家也七嘴八舌地说开了。比如什么吗?俯拾皆是啊!就比如吧……<br />
<br />
What? There were lively discussions with everybody trying to get a word in. Like what? We could see everywhere! Just like that—<br />
<br />
What? There were lively discussions with everybody trying to get a word in. Like what? We could see everywhere! Just like that—<br />
<br />
有的船员不合格,要求不听,严格一点吧,他就拿出打派仗的办法去反映你,而掌权的居然仍是他的“哥们儿”。<br />
<br />
Some crew members were unqualified and didn't listen to their demands. If you were strict, he would show the way of fight among factions to report you, and it was still his "buddy" who was in power.<br />
<br />
Some crew members were unqualified and didn't listen to their demands. If you were strict, he would show the way of fight among factions to report you, and it was still his "buddy" who was in power.<br />
<br />
“X X号”不就有这么一位水手到处拍着胸脯讲吗:“哼!船长批评我,叫我下 船……三天后,下船的是他。闲话一句嘛!”<br />
<br />
In the "X X" ship, there was such a sailor patting his chest and saying to everyone, "Humph! The captain criticized me and told me to disembark... Three days later, it was he who disembarked. I only need to say something to my buddy!"<br />
<br />
In the "X X" ship, there was such a sailor patting his chest and saying to everyone, "Humph! The captain criticized me and told me to disembark... Three days later, it was he who disembarked. I only need to say something to my buddy!"<br />
<br />
再比如:X X省海运局通过香港招商局买了两条船,得招商局雇用外国水手接回来。这,要花多少外汇啊!而且人还不好找。贝汉廷和“汉川”正在香港,听说这事立即提出:把“汉川”的62个船员分出28个来,替他们把船接回来。报告打上去,联系了再联系,请示了又请示,研究了再研究,最后终于拖过了时日……<br />
<br />
Another example: A Shipping Bureau in X X Province bought two ships through Hong Kong Merchants Group, so Hong Kong Merchants Group had to hire foreign sailors to pick them up. How much foreign exchange will it cost! And it was difficult to find qualified people. Bei Hanting and the Hanchuan were in Hong Kong at that time, so when he heard about this, he immediately proposed to divide 28 of the 62 crew members of the Hanchuan and took the ship back for them. He reported to his superiors, contacted them again and again, studied and studied again, and finally time was up...<br />
<br />
Another example: A Shipping Bureau in X X Province bought two ships through Hong Kong Merchants Group, so Hong Kong Merchants Group had to hire foreign sailors to pick them up. How much foreign exchange would it cost! And it was difficult to find qualified people. Bei Hanting and the Hanchuan were in Hong Kong at that time, so when he heard about this, he immediately proposed to divide 28 of the 62 crew members of the Hanchuan and took the ship back for them. He reported to his superiors, contacted them again and again, studied and studied again, and finally time was up...<br />
<br />
又比如:我们每天运的货,人人都明白这是全国人民省下来的口中食、身上衣……“汉川号”因此也千方百计地为国家挣取外汇,节约外汇,像小泮那样磕掉门牙照样拼命的事多得很。可我们挣回来的外汇呢,是每一枚都用到“四化”上了吗?为什么有的人浪费起来那样潇洒,那样满不在乎呢?<br />
<br />
Take another example: Everyone know that the goods we ship every day are the food and clothes saved by the people of the whole country... Therefore, the Hanchuan has tried its best to earn and save foreign exchange for the country, and there are many things people have done arduously like Young Pan who have knocked out his front teeth. But what about the foreign exchange we earned back? Have these earning been used in the Four Modernizations? Why do some people waste them so indifferently?<br />
<br />
Take another example: Everyone knows that the goods we ship every day are the food and clothes saved by the people of the whole country... Therefore, the Hanchuan has tried its best to earn and save foreign exchange for the country, and there are many things people have done arduously like Young Pan who has knocked out his front teeth. But what about the foreign exchange we earned back? Have these earnings been used in the Four Modernizations? Why do some people waste them so indifferently?<br />
<br />
又比如,又比如……哎,何必再说下去呢!难道每个要干点儿事的人,不都经过盖上十七八个图章,也解决不了一点问题的事例吗?<br />
<br />
Another example... Alas, why do we have to continue this topic! Isn't it a case that everyone who wants to do something but fail in the end even if receiving seventeen or eighteen stamps?<br />
<br />
Another example... Alas, why do we have to continue this topic! Isn't it a case that everyone who wants to do something but fails in the end even if receiving seventeen or eighteen stamps?<br />
<br />
人民多么希望我们能少几个扯皮的干部,而多一些勇于承担重担的master啊!<br />
<br />
People really wish we could have fewer cadres who are not responsible or shift blames to others and more masters who are brave enough to bear heavy burdens!<br />
<br />
People really wish we could have fewer cadres who are not responsible or shift blames to others and more masters who are brave enough to bear heavy burdens!<br />
<br />
因此,我讲了这个故事。<br />
<br />
Therefore, I told this story.<br />
<br />
我讲了一个成长的青年的故事,可绝非只为了青年;我讲了一个海员的故事,可绝非只为了海员;我讲了一个船长的故事,可绝非只为了船长……<br />
<br />
I told the story of a growing youth, but it is not just for youth; I told the story of a seafarer, but it was not just for seafarers; I told the story of a master, but it was not just for masters...<br />
<br />
I told the story of a growing youth, but it was not just for youth; I told the story of a seafarer, but it was not just for seafarers; I told the story of a master, but it was not just for masters...<br />
<br />
那么,我是为了谁呢?是你啊,我的祖国!啊,我的亲爱的,经历了巨大欢乐和痛苦的祖国;我的正在向四个现代化前进,而又困难重重的祖国！我是为你而讲的,你听见了吗?你听见了吗?啊,我的祖国,生我养我的祖国啊……<br />
<br />
So, who am I for? It's you, my motherland! Ah, my dear, the motherland that has experienced great joy and sorrow; My motherland, which is advancing towards the Four Modernizations and is facing many difficulties! I'm speaking for you, do you hear me? Ah, my motherland, the motherland where I was born and raised...<br />
<br />
So, who am I for? It's you, my motherland! Ah, my dear, the motherland that has experienced great joy and sorrow; My motherland, which is advancing towards the Four Modernizations and is facing many difficulties! I'm speaking for you, do you hear me? Do you hear me? Ah, my motherland, the motherland where I was born and raised...<br />
<br />
（原载《人民文学》1979年第11期）<br />
<br />
(Originally published in ''People's Literature'', Issue 11, 1979)<br />
<br />
==卷二：1.目录 Volume2: 1. Contents==<br />
<br />
卷一<br />
<br />
Volume One<br />
<br />
序 李炳银/001<br />
<br />
Preface by Li Bingyin/001<br />
<br />
哥德巴赫猜想 徐 迟/001<br />
<br />
Goldbach’s Conjecture by Xu Chi/001<br />
<br />
船长 柯岩/021<br />
<br />
Master by Ke Yan/021<br />
<br />
痴情 理由/040<br />
<br />
Obsession by Li You/040<br />
<br />
中国姑娘 鲁光/ 086<br />
<br />
Chinese Girls by Lu Guang/086<br />
<br />
三门李逸闻 乔迈/ 138<br />
<br />
Sanmen Li Anecdotes by Qiao Mai/138<br />
<br />
胡杨泪 孟晓云/ 150<br />
<br />
Tears of Populus Euphratica by Meng Xiaoyun/150<br />
<br />
原野在呼唤 王兆军/ 163<br />
<br />
The Fields Were Calling by Wang Zhaojun/163<br />
<br />
热血男儿 李士非/ 183<br />
<br />
Hot-blooded Man by Li Shifei/183<br />
<br />
卷二<br />
<br />
Volume Two<br />
<br />
中国农民大趋势（节选）李延国/219<br />
<br />
General Trend for Chinese Farmers (Excerpt) by Li Yanguo/219<br />
<br />
理论狂人 陈祖芬/261<br />
<br />
Theory Fanatic by Chen Zufen/261<br />
<br />
神圣忧思录 张 敏/283<br />
<br />
A Deliberation on the Divine by Zhang Min/283<br />
<br />
强国梦（节选）赵瑜/315<br />
<br />
The Dream of Great Power (Excerpt) by Zhao Yu/315<br />
<br />
伐木者,醒来!（节选）徐 刚/358<br />
<br />
Wake up, Loggers! (Excerpt) by Xu Gang/358<br />
<br />
步鑫生现象的反思 周嘉俊/397 <br />
<br />
Reflection on the Bu Xinsheng Phenomenon by Zhou Jiajun/397<br />
<br />
卷三<br />
<br />
Volume Three<br />
<br />
昆山之路 杨守松/ 425<br />
<br />
The Road to Kunshan by Yang Shousong/425<br />
<br />
飞向太空港（节选）李鸣生/465<br />
<br />
Flying to the Spaceport (Excerpt) by Li Mingsheng/465<br />
<br />
东方风来满眼春 陈锡添/526<br />
<br />
Vigor of Spring Greets the Eyes as the Warm Wind Comes by Chen Xitian/526<br />
<br />
好梦将圆时 江永红/539<br />
<br />
When Good Dreams Come True by Jiang Yonghong/539<br />
<br />
智慧风暴（节选）王宏甲/573<br />
<br />
The Storm of Wisdom (Excerpt) by Wang Hongjia/573<br />
<br />
卷四<br />
<br />
Volume Four<br />
<br />
4万:400万的牵挂 张雅文/ 625<br />
<br />
Zhang Yawen/625<br />
<br />
香港回归祖国10周年回眸 长 江/ 670<br />
<br />
A Look Back at the 10th Anniversary of Hong Kong's Return to China by Chang Jiang/670<br />
<br />
木棉花开 李春雷/695<br />
<br />
Kapok in Bloom by Li Chunlei/695<br />
<br />
休息的革命（缩写本）王宏甲 刘 建/716<br />
<br />
Revolution of Rest by Wang Hongjia (Abridged version), Liu Jian/716<br />
<br />
闪着泪光的事业 蒋 巍/758<br />
<br />
The Career with Tears by Jiang Wei/758<br />
<br />
让百姓做主 朱晓军 李英/ 777<br />
<br />
Let Common People Decide by Zhu Xiaojun, Li Ying/777<br />
<br />
难回故里 郭冬/817<br />
<br />
Guo Dong/817<br />
<br />
卷五<br />
<br />
Volume Five<br />
<br />
国家 何建明/855<br />
<br />
The Country by He Jianming/855<br />
<br />
蛟龙探海（节选）许 晨/ 915<br />
<br />
Xu Chen/915<br />
<br />
袁隆平的世界（节选）陈启文/950<br />
<br />
Yuan Longping's World (Excerpt) by Chen Qiwen/950<br />
<br />
“神舟”天路 兰宁远/ 1011<br />
<br />
The Long Journey of“Shenzhou”to Space by Lan Ningyuan/1011<br />
<br />
智慧之翼 李青松/ 1044<br />
<br />
Intelligent Wing by Li Qingsong/1044<br />
<br />
附录 改革开放四十年优秀报告文学存目/ 1060<br />
<br />
==卷二：2.中国农民大趋势 Volume 2: 2.General Trend for Chinese Farmers==<br />
<br />
中国农民大趋势<br />
<br />
General Trend for Chinese Farmers<br />
<br />
胶东风情录（节选）<br />
<br />
Stories in Jiaodong (excerpt)<br />
<br />
李延国<br />
<br />
Li Yanguo<br />
<br />
第一章 相会在北京（I changed オ目 with 相）<br />
<br />
Chapter One Meeting in Beijing<br />
<br />
初春。北京电影制片厂。<br />
<br />
In early spring. In Beijing Film Studio.<br />
<br />
我住在这个厂招待所的一间斗室里,正没完没了地修改ー个电影文学剧本。 一天,值班室的服务员用扩音器通知我:有客人来找。<br />
<br />
I lived in a small room in this factory’s guest house, where I was constantly revising a film literature script. One day, the attendant in the duty room informed me through a megaphone that some guests came for me.<br />
<br />
我走下楼去。几个身穿呢料制服的男子汉正等候在那里。<br />
<br />
I went downstairs. Several men in woolen uniforms were waiting there.<br />
<br />
“弟弟!”我一下把他从人群中辨认出来,他那黝黑的、已经被岁月的犁铮犁出了沟痕的面孔,刚经修饰,显得容光焕发。他彬彬有礼地上前来同我握手,向我介绍同来的人们。他们的神采和装束使我大为惊讶,要知道,他们是文学概念中的“庄稼汉”呀!<br />
<br />
"Brother!" I recognized him from the crowd at once. His dark face, which had been furrowed by the plows of years, had just been taken good care of, so he looked radiant. He came politely to shake hands with me and introduce me to the people who came with him. Their looks and costumes surprised me greatly. You know, they are "plowmen" if you describe them with the words in literature! <br />
<br />
“你们怎么来的?”<br />
<br />
"How did you come?"<br />
<br />
“自己带的车!”他指指外面的“吉普”。<br />
<br />
"My own car!" He pointed to the Jeep outside.<br />
<br />
两千多里路,他们竟然坐上了“专车”。<br />
<br />
There were more than 2,000 miles, but they should enjoy the tailored taxi service.<br />
<br />
“你们要去哪里?”<br />
<br />
"Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“深圳!”<br />
<br />
"Shenzhen!"<br />
<br />
“到深圳做什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are you doing in Shenzhen?"<br />
<br />
“考察!”<br />
<br />
"Investigation!"<br />
<br />
故乡,在我的情思里,那是黄昏的茅屋上一缕淡淡的炊烟,那是黎明的原野上一声悠长的牛叫,那是父亲头上一顶破了边的草帽,那是母亲褪色的衣襟上一块杂色补丁,那是弟弟一双饥饿的眼睛,那是妹妹辫子上一根粗糙的头绳……眼前的景象,使我无法和过去联系起来。<br />
<br />
I had a lingering affection for my hometown. When the thought of it came to me, a faint wisp of smoke from kitchen chimneys on the hut at dusk, a long cow bark on the plain at dawn, a straw hat with a broken edge on my father's head, a variegated patch on my mother's faded skirt, a pair of eyes of my younger brother showing his hunger, and a rough head band on my sister's braid sprang to my mind... But the sight before me made me unable to connect it with the past.<br />
<br />
“你们办好去边境的手续了吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have you completed the formalities for going to the border?"<br />
<br />
“办好了！”<br />
<br />
"Yes!"<br />
<br />
“坐火车去吗?”<br />
<br />
"Will you go by train?"<br />
<br />
“不,坐飞机去!”<br />
<br />
"No, we’ll go by plane!"<br />
<br />
“你们是怎样买到飞机票的?”<br />
<br />
"How did you get air tickets?"<br />
<br />
“作家协会的一位同志帮忙买的。”<br />
<br />
"A comrade of the China Writers Association helped us to buy it."<br />
<br />
我从一个农民走上文坛,足足用了二十多年的工夫,那是一条漫长的路,我仿佛觉得,这条路已经离开家乡很远很远,不料想,兄弟们斜刺里从青纱帐杀了出来, 竟一下子冲进了这个世界的核心部位。<br />
<br />
It took me more than 20 years to walk into the literary world from a farmer. It was a long road, on which I seemed to feel that I had left my hometown for a long time. Unexpectedly, my brothers ran from a field suddenly and rushed into the core of the world at once.<br />
<br />
他们这一行,是由年轻的镇委书记谢玉堂带领的,其中包括已经声名大震的农民企业家李德海等。他们去深圳不仅是为了开开眼界,原来家乡在那里是投了资的,一甩手拿出几十万、上百万元,现在他们将以“股东”的身份走在深圳繁华的街市上,从那个窗口去瞭望世界!<br />
<br />
They are led by Xie Yutang, a young Township Committee secretary, and they are accompanied by Li Dehai, a famous farmer entrepreneur. They go to Shenzhen not only to widen their horizons. Originally, our hometown invested hundreds of thousands and millions of yuan there, so now they will walk in the bustling Shenzhen as shareholders and look at the world from that window!<br />
<br />
我不知该怎样招待他们这些“天外来客”。<br />
<br />
I didn't know how to entertain these "men who fell to earth".<br />
<br />
我忽然想到了我的优势:“我领你们去看看摄影棚吧,里面在拍电影,挺好玩的。”<br />
<br />
I suddenly thought of a things I was good at: "Let me show you the studio, where movies are being made, which is quite fun."<br />
<br />
他们一行人顿时变成了“中国农民电影考察团”,随我向摄影棚走去。艺术对他们曾是遥远的、朦胧的,今天他们要走近前去看个仔细。<br />
<br />
They suddenly turned into a "Chinese Farmers Film Investigation Group" and followed me to the studio. Art used to be far away and obscure to them. Today they should come closer and take a closer look.<br />
<br />
我们被挡在摄影棚巨大的铁门外边,这里的制度是严格的,参观的人需经厂保卫科批准。<br />
<br />
We were kept out of the huge iron gate of the studio. The system here was strict, and visitors need to be approved by the factory security department.<br />
<br />
“中国农民电影考察团”被尴尬地晒在那里。<br />
<br />
The "Chinese Farmers Film Investigation Group" was embarrassed there.<br />
<br />
我忽然又想起了另ー个优势:“去看看'北影一条街’吧！”<br />
<br />
I suddenly remembered another place I was familiar with: "Let’s visit the Beijing Film Studio Street!"<br />
<br />
“北影一条街”是ー个半永久性的露天布景,坐落在厂院后区,巧夺天工的美工师们在这里搭起了具有古典风格的店铺、楼阁、墙垒。走在这里,像走进了陈旧的岁月之中。《垂帘听政》《海囚》《双雄会》《骆驼祥子》等等许多撼动人心的历史场面都是在这里拍摄出来的,中国农民在这里扮演了屈辱和失败的角色！<br />
<br />
It was a semi-permanent open-air set, which was located in the back area of the factory yard, where wonderful art designers set up shops, pavilions and walls with classical style. Walking here was like walking into the past. Many shocking historical scenes, such as Holding Court from behind a Screen, Captives, Shuang Xiong Hui and Camel Xiangzi, were filmed here, where Chinese farmers played the role of humiliation and failure!<br />
<br />
农民兄弟们巨大的步幅,很快把这一条小小的街道丈量完了,他们好奇地转到布景的后面,ー个个不禁哑然失笑:“都是假的呀!”<br />
<br />
They made huge strides so that they quickly visited this small street. They turned curiously to the back of the set, and all of them couldn't help laughing: "It's all fake!"<br />
<br />
没有什么事情能唤起他们的兴趣。我决意尽主人之道,把他们领到北影小食堂狠狠来上一顿,花个三十二十的！<br />
<br />
Nothing can arouse their interest. I was determined to do the honors, and lead them to our canteen to have a good meal, which will cost twenty or thirty yuan!<br />
<br />
“不,跟我们去吧！”他们反客为主。<br />
<br />
"No, come with us!" They turned passivity into activity.<br />
<br />
“去哪里?”<br />
<br />
"Where?"<br />
<br />
“小洞天,西餐!”<br />
<br />
"Xiaodongtian, which sells western food!"<br />
<br />
我简直是五体投地！我想象不出来,他们是怎么睁大寻觅的眼睛,在偌大的北京城找到了那个藏在地缝里的“小洞天”的。<br />
<br />
I swept my feet by them! I couldn't imagine how they kept their eyes wide open to find it hidden in the crevice of the ground in the vast Beijing.<br />
<br />
我的兄弟们在我面前变得陌生了,这一切变化是怎样开始的?是谁给了他们这新的风采、新的气质?<br />
<br />
My brothers have become strangers before me. How did all this change begin? Who gave them this new style and temperament?<br />
<br />
他们似乎在追赶着什么一乘上飞机,用超音速……<br />
<br />
They seem to be chasing something by plane at supersonic speed...<br />
<br />
文学,将仰首注视他们!<br />
<br />
Literature will look up at them!<br />
<br />
中国,是世界上拥有农民最多的国家,谁不了解当代的中国农民的变化,谁就不了解当代的中国。<br />
<br />
China is the country with the largest number of farmers in the world. Whoever does not understand the changes of contemporary Chinese farmers will not understand contemporary China.<br />
<br />
传统的农民观念在我的头脑里发生了动摇。<br />
<br />
The traditional concept about farmers has shaken in my mind.<br />
<br />
到胶东去!<br />
<br />
Go to Jiaodong!<br />
<br />
到故乡去!<br />
<br />
Go to hometown!<br />
<br />
第二章故乡之门<br />
<br />
Chapter 2 The Gate of Hometown<br />
<br />
烟台,我的故乡。<br />
<br />
Yantai is my hometown.<br />
<br />
据说,这是一个没有待业青年的城市。一位空军战斗英雄在这里担任副市长; 一位从北京招聘来的硕士研究生被委任为市委宣传部长（他们都是胶东的儿子）；留职停薪的教师开办旅游开发公司,市政府领导亲临剪彩;上海交通大学的几位校 友创办烟台思源新技术开发公司,经济学家于光远发来贺电;新建的电视台将于7月1日开播;集资兴办的综合性的烟台大学正在开挖地基;现代化的海上游乐园正在崆峒岛上破土动工;东郊的飞机场、西郊的高速公路正在筹建之中；那些农民办的饭店、旅馆、商场、烤鸭店、运输公司更是兴隆昌盛……真个是:昨梦乘风破浪去, 满山灯火是烟台。（I changed 啞桐 with 崆峒）<br />
<br />
It is said that this is a city without unemployed youth. An Air Force hero served as deputy mayor here. A graduate student recruited from Beijing was appointed as municipal party committee propaganda department minister (they are all residents of Jiaodong). Teachers who stayed without pay set up tourism development companies, and leaders of the municipal government cut the ribbon in person. Several alumni of Shanghai Jiaotong University founded Yantai Siyuan New Technology Development Company, and economist Yu Guangyuan sent a congratulatory message. The newly built TV station will start broadcasting on July 1. The comprehensive Yantai University, which received funds, is excavating the foundation. The modern sea amusement park is breaking ground on kongtong island. The airport in the eastern suburbs and the expressway in the western suburbs are under construction. Those restaurants, hotels, shopping malls, roast duck stores and transportation companies run by farmers are even more prosperous... No matter how rich they are, all they dream, miss and think about are Yantai.<br />
<br />
当天晚上,市委书记王济夫同志来到宾馆。凡来烟台的学者、作家、画家、书法 家、记者、编辑、科学家,他总要抽空来看望。他身上兼有军人的敏捷和学者的优雅,讲话却又充满诗人的激情,那浓重的乡音,又使我如见故里。<br />
<br />
That evening, Comrade Wang Jifu, Party Secretary, came to the hotel. He always takes time to visit scholars, writers, painters, calligraphers, journalists, editors and scientists who come to Yantai. He has the agility of a soldier and the elegance of a scholar, but his speech is full of the passion of a poet. When hearing his strong local accent, I feel like I’m in my hometown.<br />
<br />
他也是胶东当代的一个传奇人物。他一会儿身穿西服登上党代会的主席台,一会儿在宾馆和外商洽谈大型旅游服务系统的投资,一会儿又拉着商业局长深入个体饮食店解决原料供应,一会儿又到新成立的画院和画家们评论新作,一会儿又到某郊区县为农民企业家发表辩护演说……此刻为迎接对外开放,他刚刚从海湾对面的姊妹城市一大连考察回来,毫无倦意地坐在沙发上。<br />
<br />
He is also a contemporary legend in Jiaodong. He wore a suit and boarded the rostrum of the National Congress of the Communist Party of China. He discussed the investment of large-scale tourism service system with foreign businessmen in hotels. He took the commercial director to deeply understand individual restaurants to solve the supply of raw materials. He went to the newly established painting academy to comment on new works with painters. He went to a suburban county to give a defense speech for farmer entrepreneurs... At the moment, in order to embrace the opening to the outside world, he investigated in Dalian, a sister city across the bay, and just now he came back, sitting on the sofa without tiredness.<br />
<br />
“最近写些什么作品了?”他拍拍我刚送给他的《在这片国土上》的单行本,“你很少回家,应该回来看看我们这片乡土。这是一片烈士洒过鲜血的土地,今天发生了翻天覆地的变化。你应该看看农民怎样变成企业家的。”他边说边挥动手臂,仿佛这不是在屋里,而是在ー个视野开阔的制高点上,“'牟平七雄’’蓬莱八仙’’黄县五杰’’栖霞三能’……他们都是一窝子一窝子的。英雄无独有偶,都是竞争出来的。三中全会造就了一大批英雄,你应该去看看他们怎样跟着三中全会的旗帜, 改变了自己的命运。现在的家乡,可不是昔日的家乡了;现在的农业,可不是传统的农业了;现在的农民,可不是当年鲁迅笔下的阿Q、赵树理笔下的李有才,也不是高晓声笔下的陈奂生了。就是说,这个深刻变化不仅发生在地貌上、生产关系上, 也发生在人的灵魂深处,动摇了很多传统的东西……”<br />
<br />
"What have you written recently?" He patted the offprint In This Motherland I just gave him. "You seldom go home, so you should come back and see our native land. This is a land where martyrs have sacrificed their life, and the changes are beyond recognition today. You should see how farmers become entrepreneurs." As he spoke, he waved his arms, as if this was not in the house, but on a commanding height with a wide field of vision. "Seven Heroes in Muping, Eight Immortals in Penglai City, Five Heroes in Huang County and Three Advantages in Qixia... They all occur in our hometown. There is not only one hero. They are nurtured because of competition. The Third Plenary Session brought up a large number of heroes. You should see how they followed the directions of the Third Plenary Session and changed their own destiny. The present hometown is not the former one. Today's agriculture is not traditional agriculture. Today's farmers are not Ah Q written by Lu Xun, Li Youyu written by Zhao Shuli, or Chen Huansheng written by Gao Xiaosheng. That is to say, this profound change occurs not only in landform and production relations, but also in the depths of people's souls, changing many traditional things..."<br />
<br />
来也匆匆,去也匆匆。他走下楼去,站到汽车门前,海风掀起他黑色的衣襟,像鼓起的船帆。他回头说:<br />
<br />
He comes and goes in a hurry. He went downstairs and stood in front of the car. The sea breeze lifted his black clothes like a bulging sail. He turned back and said:<br />
<br />
“人是复杂的,文学也应该是复杂的。唱改革者之歌的时候,不要忘记他们的辛酸、他们的磨难。任何一项改革都不是在笔直的路上走的……”<br />
<br />
"People are complex, so should literature. When we are in the process of reform, we should not forget their bitterness and hardships. No reform is easy..."<br />
<br />
车走了,仲夏的海滨卷起一阵旋风。<br />
<br />
The car left, and a whirlwind rolled up on the seashore in midsummer.<br />
<br />
好有力的旋风啊!<br />
<br />
What a powerful whirlwind!<br />
<br />
第三章走进蓬莱仙境<br />
<br />
Chapter 3 Walking into Penglai Wonderland<br />
<br />
蓬莱阁上<br />
<br />
Penglai Pavilion<br />
<br />
——神话今说<br />
<br />
—Talking about Myth Today<br />
<br />
蓬莱,民族英雄戚继光的故乡,八仙过海传说的发祥地,你把魂魄凝聚在小小的蓬莱阁上。不是吗?要不,在这里只做过五天知府的苏东坡为什么留下了“东方云海空复空,群仙出没空明中”的诗句?为什么远离热土的老华侨要登临神堂烧上一炷香烛?为什么那些蓝眼睛的异国人要在参天的古柏前留一帧小照?<br />
<br />
Penglai City, the hometown of national hero Qi Jiguang and the place producing the legend of The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea, you condense your soul on the small Penglai Pavilion. Isn't it? Otherwise, why did Su Dongpo, who has only been a magistrate of a prefecture here for five days, leave the poem "I imagine clouds in the Eastern Sea is empty, but the immortals appear in quietness"? Why do old overseas Chinese who are far away from motherland go to the temple to burn incense? Why do those blue-eyed foreigners leave a small picture in front of ancient towering pine trees?<br />
<br />
在我登上这座建筑在民族心理上九百余年的仙阁时,适逢ー批外国友人乘兴游览,导游员刘妍,一位端庄聪颖的农民女儿（她爱好田径,学过武术,酷爱外语）,带领他们穿行在神话传说的历史中。<br />
<br />
When I stood in this fairy pavilion, which has been built for more than 900 years, it coincided with a group of foreign friends enjoying the tour. The tour guide Liu Yan, a dignified and intelligent woman whose father is a farmer (she loves athletics and foreign languages, and has studied martial arts), led them through the history of myths and legends.<br />
<br />
“请问刘小姐,这里为什么叫蓬莱呢?”<br />
<br />
"Excuse me, Miss Liu, why is this place called Penglai?"<br />
<br />
“据说,当年秦始皇为了求长生不老药,曾来到这里,他突然发现海里有一片赤色,就连忙问随行的方士:’那是什么?’方士答道:'那是仙岛。’秦始皇又问:'那仙岛叫什么名字?’方士回答不上来,慌乱中发现海水里有一片海草,'蓬’和'莱’都是草名,方士就顺ロ应付说:'蓬莱。’从此,蓬莱仙岛这个名字就流传开了……”<br />
<br />
"It is said that Qin Shi Huang came here in order to seek elixir of life. He suddenly found that there was red color in the sea, so he quickly asked the accompanying alchemist: 'What is that?' The alchemist replied, 'That's an island for immortals.' Qin Shihuang asked again, 'What's the name of it?' The alchemist couldn't answer that. In panic, he found that there was a piece of seaweed in the sea. 'Peng' and 'Lai' were both grass names, so the alchemist responded, 'Penglai.' Since then, the name Penglai Immortal Island has spread..."<br />
<br />
“刘小姐,您刚オ说,八仙过海中的八位神仙,是在蓬莱阁上喝醉了酒之后飘然过海……请问,他们过海到哪里去了?”<br />
<br />
"Miss Liu, you just said that the eight immortals who crossed the sea were drunk on Penglai Pavilion and flew above the sea... Excuse me, where did they go after crossing the sea?"<br />
<br />
“传说很多。不过,今天的蓬莱农村,发生了翻天覆地的变化,我想,八位仙人 一定是留恋人间的新生活,投胎为农民企业家、专业户、个体户。如果先生和女士们有兴趣,不妨到蓬莱农村一游……”<br />
<br />
"There are many legends. However, great changes have taken place in Penglai's rural areas today. I think the eight immortals must be nostalgic for the new life in the world and reborn as farmer entrepreneurs, family which engages in a specialized trade and self-employed entrepreneurs. Gentlemen and ladies, if you are interested in these changes, why not visit rural areas in Penglai?"<br />
<br />
<br />
刘妍莞尔一笑,博得一阵喝彩! 一位外宾说:<br />
<br />
Liu Yan smiled and got a big round of applause! A foreign guest said:<br />
<br />
“刘小姐,你可以做何仙姑了!”<br />
<br />
"Miss Liu, you can be He Xiangu (one of the Eight Immortals)!"<br />
<br />
伊甸园的葡萄熟了<br />
<br />
Grapes in Garden of Eden are Ripe<br />
<br />
——商品生产观念的形成<br />
<br />
—The formation of the commodity production concept<br />
<br />
今天,庄户人的自给自足的传统观念像雪山一样崩塌了!<br />
<br />
Today, the traditional concept of self-sufficiency of farmers has been greatly changed!<br />
<br />
大姜家大队的300亩葡萄园,就曾经是一个和传统观念搏斗的战场！<br />
<br />
The 300-mu (a unit of measurement in China) vineyard of the Jiang family was once a battlefield, on which people fought against traditional ideas!<br />
<br />
开始,28岁的支部书记姜世谭,决定根据三中全会精神调整农业内部结构,拿出西南洼110亩水浇地改种葡萄,立时受到围攻,上面点名,下面咒骂,连老父亲也质问他:“现在国家提高粮价,你去种什么葡萄?”<br />
<br />
At first, Jiang Shitan, the 28-year-old Party branch secretary, decided to adjust the internal structure of agriculture according to the spirit of the Third Plenary Session, and took out 110 mu of irrigated cropland in the southwest area to replant grapes. He was immediately besieged. His superiors named and shamed him and the ordinary people cursed him out. Even his old father questioned him: "Now the country has raised food prices, why do you plant grapes?"<br />
<br />
为了使葡萄园方方正正,还要耕掉50亩漫脚面的麦苗,于是老队长姜世希领着四个生产队长和姜世谭滚打在ー起:<br />
<br />
In order to make grapes grow vertically, it was necessary to remove 50 mu of wheat seedlings that had grown a little, so the old captain Jiang Shixi led four production captains to fight with Jiang Shitan:<br />
<br />
“败家子儿！这是四五万斤麦子呀!”<br />
<br />
"You black sheep! This is 40,000 to 50,000 jin of wheat!"<br />
<br />
“老祖宗撇下这么点好地,你穷作!”<br />
<br />
"The ancestors left such a good place, but you miss this opportunity!"<br />
<br />
“你不是吃人饭长的……”<br />
<br />
"Didn't you grow up eating rice?"<br />
<br />
姜世谭被逼成个“红眼狼”,鞭子一甩:“耕!”他推着雪亮的犁刀,绿生生的麦苗被翻到地下去了！<br />
<br />
Jiang Shitan was forced into a "red-eyed wolf" (a person who is greedy) and whipped: "Plow!" He pulled the sharp plow, and the green wheat seedlings were buried!<br />
<br />
1983年秋天,葡萄熟了,一嘟噜一串地压满了架子,听听那些名字吧:龙眼、泽香、白茹、枣晶、贵人香、赤霞珠……姜世谭把全村老少六百口子请了来:<br />
<br />
In the autumn of 1983, the grapes were ripe, and the trellises were filled with grapes. Listen to those names of grapes: Longyan, Zexiang, Bairu, Zaojing, Guirenxiang, Chixiazhu... Jiang Shitan invited 600 people from all over the village:<br />
<br />
“今天请乡亲们来吃葡萄！一百多个品种管尝！大家边吃,边算一笔账,按市价这一嘟噜葡萄能卖一块钱,大家可以数数有多少嘟噜……”<br />
<br />
"Today, I want to invite you villagers to eat grapes! There are more than 100 varieties for you! You can eat and calculate the accounts. According to the market price, a bunch of grapes can sell for one yuan. You can count how many bunches of grapes..."<br />
<br />
数得过来吗?<br />
<br />
Can you count them all?<br />
<br />
最后的账目还是由会计算出来的,一亩葡萄的收益相当于1万斤小麦,100多亩葡萄超过了全村1500亩粮田的总收入！<br />
<br />
The final account was calculated by the accountant. The income of 1 mu of grapes was equivalent to 10,000 jin of wheat, and the income of more than 100 mu of grapes exceeded the total income of 1,500 mu of grain fields in the village!<br />
<br />
伊甸园的葡萄熟了,大姜家人的思想飞跃了！<br />
<br />
The grapes in the Garden of Eden were ripe, and the Jiang family had progressive thoughts!<br />
<br />
姜世谭又来了第二个惊险的跳跃:建立食品加工厂,生产葡萄罐头,增值！<br />
<br />
Jiang Shitan met the second thrilling challenge: setting up a food processing factory and producing canned grapes so as to increase the value of grapes!<br />
<br />
食品厂在斗争中建起来了,开工40天,产值就达14万元。<br />
<br />
The food factory was built in a struggle. The output value reached 140,000 yuan after 40 days of operating.<br />
<br />
“凡是要改革ー项事情,总是有阻力。毛主席去世后,两个’凡是’听得多顺溜? 一说毛主席有错误有缺点,农民根本不承认这个事。搞大包干、责任制,可又舍不得丢掉大锅饭;要搞商品生产,阻力更大,这次改革是农民改行呀!农民做工, 书记当经理。过去是春天捅一棍,秋天吃一顿,现在像《霍元甲》主题歌里唱的: ’沉睡百年,国人渐已醒,睁开眼吧,抬头看吧’,和几千年的小农生产方式决裂了。”<br />
<br />
"There are always obstacles whatever things we want to reform. After Chairman Mao's death, we are used to listening to 'Two Whatevers' (it refers to the statement that we will resolutely uphold whatever policy decisions Chairman Mao made, and unswervingly follow whatever instructions Chairman Mao gave). When Chairman Mao is said to have made mistakes and shortcomings, farmers simply refuse to admit it. When we introduce the household responsibility system, farmers still want to mess together to eat food prepared in a large canteen. It’s more difficult if we want to carry out commodity production. This reform will push farmers to change their careers! Farmers do the work, and secretaries are managers. In the past, farmers worked in spring and harvested in autumn. Now, as the theme song of Fearless sings: 'After a hundred years of sleeping, Chinese people have gradually woken up. Open your eyes and look up'. Now it is totally different from the peasant mode of production for thousands of years. "<br />
<br />
草店流行红裙子<br />
<br />
Red Skirts are Popular in Forage Store<br />
<br />
——生活秩序、审美心理一见<br />
<br />
—Life Order and Aesthetic Psychology can be Found<br />
<br />
一走进草店大队,不时地看到ー些穿红裙子的姑娘,那么惹目。<br />
<br />
As soon as I walk into the production brigade of forage store, I see some girls in red skirts from time to time, who catch my eye.<br />
<br />
她们来自何方?<br />
<br />
Where do they come from?<br />
<br />
两年前,党支部书记王明福六进天津请来ー个病休的女工程师,一下子给她涨了20级工资（月工资300元,路费、生活费全包）,建起了一个染线厂。结果是:请了一个人,办了一个厂,富了一个村。后来又在染线厂的基础上办起了羊毛衫厂。整个草店的生活秩序改变了,实行生产责任制后的两个“剩余”（剩余劳力、剩余时间）变成了两个“紧张”,又从外村雇用了 500多劳力,都是年轻的农村姑娘。<br />
<br />
Two years ago, Wang Mingfu, the Party branch secretary, hired a female engineer on sick leave in Tianjin, suddenly gave her a 20-fold increase in salary (her monthly salary was 300 yuan, and travel expenses and living expenses are all included), and set up a dyeing factory. As a result, a person was hired, a factory was set up, and a village was rich. Later, a wool sweater factory was set up thanks to the dyeing factory. The life order of the whole forage store has changed. After the implementation of the production responsibility system, the two "surpluses" (surplus labor and surplus labor time) have become two "tensions", so more than 500 laborers have been employed from other villages, all of whom were young rural girls.<br />
<br />
这些来自南庄北疃的姑娘们,一开始是带着一些羞涩和矜持走上草店那带有路灯的、25米宽的大路的。可是织布机很快改变了老一辈留给她们的旧有的生活节奏。她们不再像父辈们那样,日出而作,日落而息。这个“不夜村”里,她们见面不再用父辈的“上山下山”,而是互相招呼着:“你夜班?”“你白班?”“你上班?”“你下班?”每当说着的时候,你可以看出她们内心的自豪和欢悦。她们也像城里人ー 样,提兜里装上一个铝饭盒,吃饭的时候聚在ー起,说着班上的一些事情。她们织出的羊毛衫印上蓬莱阁图案,运到了东北、陕北、山西、河南……她们的审美观已不满足于过去的头上插一朵野花、扎一根红头绳,现在她们用自己挣的工资买来了最时兴的红裙子。（I changed 瞳 with 疃）<br />
<br />
These girls from villages across China started to walk on the 25-meter-wide road with street lamps in the forage store with some shyness and reserve. However, the loom quickly changed the old life rhythm left by the older generation. They no longer worked at sunrise and rest at sunset like their parents. Instead, in this "sleepless village", they no longer said "going up and down the mountain" like their parents when they meet, but greeted each other: "Do you work night shifts?" "You work the day shift?" "You go to work?" "You're off duty?" Whenever they talk, you can see their inner pride and joy. Like people in the city, they carry an aluminum lunch box in their buckets, gather together when eating, and talk about some things in the workshop. The wool sweaters they knitted were printed with Penglai Pavilion patterns and shipped to Northeast China, Northern Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan... They were no longer satisfied with putting wild flowers and tying red ropes on their heads in the past, but now they have bought the most fashionable red skirts with their own wages.<br />
<br />
去访问一个穿红裙子的姑娘吧!<br />
<br />
Let’s go and interview a girl in a red skirt!<br />
<br />
她叫姜利华,是附近上口姜家大队社员,今年21岁,她胖乎乎的,生着一个端正的小翘鼻子,头发梳成两个“把把”,发梢是烫过的,显得很有韵致。<br />
<br />
She is Jiang Lihua, a member of the nearby Jiang’s production brigade. She is 21 years old. She is chubby, has a straight, wide flat nose, and two braids. Her hair tips are permed, which makes her look very charming.<br />
<br />
“你为什么到这里来?”<br />
<br />
"Why do you come here?"<br />
<br />
“不愿意在家种地。”她爽直地向我笑笑,胖胖的手来回搓着。<br />
<br />
"I don't want to cultivate land at home." She said with a frank smile, rubbing her plump hands back and forth.<br />
<br />
“家里分那么几亩地,也用不着闺女家,还有她哥,她爹。”陪伴我的离职老队长在一边插言。<br />
<br />
"A family with a few mu of land doesn’t need the help of daughters. Her brother and her father will do it." The departing captain who accompanied me interjected at the side.<br />
<br />
“你打算在这里干到什么时候?”<br />
<br />
"How long are you going to work here?" <br />
<br />
“干到工厂’黄’了的时候……不’黄'就在这里干!”<br />
<br />
"When the factory is bankrupted... if it runs well, I will work here!"<br />
<br />
“你去年收入了多少?”<br />
<br />
"How much did you earn last year?"<br />
<br />
“1010块,年底开支一大摞,没敢往家喊（拿）,公社信用社在这里,存了活期, 存折交给俺爹……”<br />
<br />
"1010 yuan. Because there were a lot of expenses at the end of the year, I didn't dare to take home. The rural credit cooperative is here, so I saved money in a savings account, and handed the passbook to my father..."<br />
<br />
“你花钱怎么办?”<br />
<br />
"What will you do if you want to spend money?"<br />
<br />
“问俺爹要……哎呀,你记这些干什么?让人家笑话。”<br />
<br />
"Ask my dad to... Oh, why do you write down these? People will laugh at me."<br />
<br />
“你爹妈高兴吧?”<br />
<br />
"Are your parents happy?"<br />
<br />
老队长:“他们当然高兴,她一个人挣的顶他们全家!”<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Of course they are happy. She alone earns more money than the whole family combined!"<br />
<br />
姑娘抿嘴一笑:“以前俺上下班骑俺二姐的自行车,今年俺爹托人上北沟买了辆'金鹿’。他说:’华,这辆车子就是你的了,好好骑。’俺回家一干活他就说:’不用不用,你去睡觉吧。’大姐二姐都不如我。上夜班带饭,俺妈都非给两个鸡蛋拿着。”<br />
<br />
The girl chuckled: "I used to ride my second sister's bicycle to commute. But this year, my father asked someone to go to Beigou to buy a 'Jin Lu' (it is a famous bicycle brand at that time). He said, 'Hua, it is yours, so take good care of it.' As soon as I got home to do housework, he said, 'No, no, you can go to bed.' The oldest sister and the second sister are not as good as me. When I take meals on the night shift, my mother insists on giving me two eggs."<br />
<br />
老队长:“你看看那些上夜班的闺女,哪个不拿鸡蛋?早先还有她们的?都是 早晨打给她爹她哥吃了。”<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Look at those girls who work the night shift. Which one doesn't take eggs? In the past, it was impossible. These eggs belonged to her father and brother in the morning."<br />
<br />
“明天王绪庙会,俺妈说给俺和嫂子一人20元钱,再添些夏天衣裳。”<br />
<br />
"Tomorrow it's the Wangxu Temple Fair, so my mother said she will give me and my sister-in-law 20 yuan so that we can buy summer clothes."<br />
<br />
老队长:“还添衣裳！如今的姑娘家,哪个的衣裳都是一身一身的。也不嫌衣裳多了生虫子!”（I changed 氏 with 长）<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Buy more clothes? Today's girls have too many clothes. They do not worry about more clothes will attract bugs?"<br />
<br />
“出去旅游过吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have you ever traveled?"<br />
<br />
“还没有!”<br />
<br />
"Not yet!"<br />
<br />
老队长:“可不喜去,一点好处也没有。招远的一帮子坐拖拉机上蓬莱阁,车翻沟里去了,一下子死了俩！再说听景有景,看景没景。逛一趟泰山来回得花一百多,还不如在家里喝100斤酒!”<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Travelling is not preferred. It's no good at all. Some people in Zhaoyuan City went to Penglai Pavilion on a tractor, which turned over the ditch, and two of them died at once! Besides, listening to other’s introduction of the scenery is better than watching the scenery. It takes more than 100 yuan to visit the Mount Tai. It is better to drink 100 jin of wine at home!"<br />
<br />
姑娘没有吭声,也许她自有主张。<br />
<br />
The girl didn't say anything. Maybe she had her own ideas.<br />
<br />
回到招待所里,我思绪不能平息。过去这个村子是蓬（莱）黄（县）公路上的一个马车店,因兼卖草料而得名“草店”。至今老人们还能背下流传几辈子的歌谣: “草店穷,穷草店,吃水要走二里半,去时穿花鞋,回时露鸭蛋（后脚跟）,有女不嫁穷草店。”从歌谣中的“花鞋”二字猜测,这歌谣一定是受尽了苦楚的妇女们编出来的。而今妇女们进草店也不是那么容易了。王明福规定,来草店做工的姑娘除了要经过考试外,模样不耐看的不要,个头不高的不要——来记者照相没有机器高那还行吗?以后不光要会说中国话,还要会说外国话的——这里常有外宾来。<br />
<br />
After I returned to the guesthouse, my thoughts couldn't calm down. In the past, this village was an inn on Peng Huang (or Lai County) Highway, which was named forage store because it also sold forage. Up to now, the old people can still recite the ballad that has been passed down for several generations: "The forage store is poor. So poor the forage store is. It takes two and a half li to drink water. You wear beautiful shoes when you go there, but expose your heel when returning back. If you have a daughter, you won’t let her marry the guy in the poor forage store." From the words "beautiful shoes" in the ballad, it is guessed that this ballad must have been made up by women who suffered a lot. Nowadays, it is not so easy for women to be hired in this forage store. Wang Mingfu stipulates that girls who come to work here should not only pass the exam, but should be tall and easy on the eyes. After all, the reporter can’t take picture of her if she is not as tall as a camera. In the future, they should not only speak Chinese, but also speak foreign languages, because foreign guests often come here.<br />
<br />
在我门ロ一边,有一个卖杂货的摊贩,五十多岁年纪,戴着一副眼镜,一条眼镜腿断了,是用麻线拴在耳朵上的。在那些杂七杂八的货摊上,竟还摆放着一本《性的知识》,书的后面被老汉用钢笔把“0.32元”改为“0.45元”。黄昏,一个穿红裙子的姑娘匆匆走过我的窗前,她向四周瞥了一眼,丢下一元钱,拿起那本书,就红着脸跑开了。<br />
<br />
Near our door was a grocery vendor, who was in his fifties and wore a pair of glasses. One of his glasses legs was broken, so it was tied to his ears with a hemp rope. On those stalls with all kinds of matters, there was ''Knowledge of Sex'', which was surprising. At the back of the book, the old man changed 0.32 yuan to 0.45 yuan with a pen. At dusk, a girl in a red skirt hurried past my window, glanced around, dropped one yuan, picked up the book, and ran away with her face turning red.<br />
<br />
她们渴望了解世界,也渴望了解自身!<br />
<br />
They are eager to know the world and themselves!<br />
<br />
尽管还带着一点羞涩。<br />
<br />
Although they are a little shy.<br />
<br />
我看到老汉并未打算给姑娘找零钱,而是从屁股下的木箱里又拿出了一本《性的知识》,摆在原处,好像是唯一的一本。<br />
<br />
I saw that the old man did not intend to give the girl change, but took out another ''Knowledge of Sex'' from the wooden box under his ass and placed it on the original place. It seemed that this was the last one.<br />
<br />
文明,又被蒙上了不文明的尘埃。生活中的ー些事情,往往是这样以多种色调出现的。<br />
<br />
Civilizations get buried under layers of dust again. Some things in life often appear in various colors.<br />
<br />
村庄里的都市<br />
<br />
A City in the Village<br />
<br />
——金钱观念一瞥<br />
<br />
—The Introduction of Their concept of Money<br />
<br />
解放上海的时候,在广东同乡会门口的马路上,露天睡着我27军81师24I团 的一个年轻的机枪手,他有一米八的个子,打着绑腿,怀里抱着一挺“歪把子”。早晨醒来,他看到那高大的楼门上挂着一块牌子:“XX股份有限公司”。他好奇地问班长,那是干什么的?班长答不上;问排长,排长也答不上。后来得知,那是资本家集资做买卖......<br />
<br />
During the liberation of Shanghai, a young autorifleman from the 241 Regiment of the 81st Division of our 27th Corps fell asleep in the open air on the road at the entrance of Guangdong Townsmen Association. He was 1.8 meters tall, wearing puttees and holding a Type 11 light machine gun in his arms. When he woke up in the morning, he saw a sign hanging on the tall building door: "XX Co., Ltd.". He asked the monitor curiously. The monitor can't answer him and neither can the platoon leader. Later, he learned that it was capitalists who raised funds to do business...<br />
<br />
现在这个机枪手已经65岁了,他是孙陶大队“蔚阳农工商联合公司”总经 理——孙陶是烟台地区最早改为“公司”的大队。他毕竟不是当年的机枪手了,牙齿脱落,嘴巴瘪瘪的,有点像画中的“太上老君”,而他的改革的某些方面也带有封 建家长制的色彩。在“农工商联合公司”的牌子旁边,还挂着一块“村政府”的大牌子。他的穿戴也是几个时代混合着:上身着旧蓝布褂,下身穿军裤,脚上却跋拉着 泡沫拖鞋。左右上衣兜甩齐插ー支钢笔,显得不伦不类。窗外则同时传来机耕声和豆腐梆子声。<br />
<br />
Now this autorifleman is 65 years old. He is the general manager of Weiyang Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Joint Company of Sun Tao Brigade. Sun Tao was the first brigade to transform to company in Yantai City. After all, he was not the autorifleman of that year. His teeth fell out and his mouth was flat, which made him like the Daode Tianzun in the painting. Some aspects of his reform also had the color of feudal patriarchal system. Next to the sign of "Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Joint Company" was also a big sign of "Village Government". His dressing style was also a mixture of several times: he wore an old blue cloth jacket on the top, military trousers on the bottom, but wore foam slippers with his heels crushing the back of them. It was neither fish nor fowl to put a pen in the left and right upper pockets respectively. Outside the window, there was the sound of tractor ploughing and using wood blocks to sell tofu.<br />
<br />
“老李呀,一句话,我抓钱!过去咱总怕钱烧手,现在重点搞经济建设,这个观 念不转不行!我现在四个经理部:农业经理部、エ副业加工经理部、商业经理部、供 销经理部。农业经理部下设机械、饲养、技术队、林业队、二林队、鸡场、菜园子、花 场……エ副业加工部下设木业、石子场、预制件厂、面粉厂、挂面厂、铸造厂、刀具 厂、酿造厂……商业经理部下设中医、缝纫、塑料厂、冷食店、浴池、饭店、商店、糕 点、面包厂、水果、牙科诊所、照相馆……应有尽有,我要把孙陶建成个小城市,小上海。”我赞同地说:“你这里成了村庄里的都市了 !”<br />
<br />
"Old Li, in a word, I make money! In the past, we were always afraid that money burns a hole in our pocket, but now we focus on economic development. As a result, we have to change our concept! Now I have four management departments: agricultural management department, sideline processing management department, commercial management department, and supply and marketing management department. Agricultural management department consists of machinery, feeding, technical team, forestry team, chicken farm, vegetable garden, flower farm... The sideline processing department consists of wood industry, gravel field, prefabricated parts factory, flour factory, fine dried noodles factory, foundry, tool factory and brewery... The commercial management department consists of Chinese medicine, sewing, plastic factory, cold food shop, public bath, restaurant, shop, pastry, bread factory, fruit stalls, dental clinic and photo studio... I have everything. I want to transform Sun Tao into a small city like Shanghai." I agreed and said," It has become a city in the village! "<br />
<br />
他接下去:“你刚オ去洗澡了,我那个浴池怎么样?比你们济南不差吧!花了9万块!全是瓷砖铺地,从这里到黄县25里,到蓬莱40里,没有浴池!现在两毛五一个票,社员不用到河沟里洗澡了。青年妇女最愿意洗澡了,她们愿干净,过去都在晚上到河里洗一洗。凡来洗澡的人都说这是个好事!”<br />
<br />
He went on: "You just went to take a bath. How about my public bath? It's not worse than that in Jinan, right? It costs 90,000 yuan! The rooms are all paved with ceramic tiles. There is no public bath 25 miles from here to Huangxian County and 40 miles to Penglai! Now, with a ticket of 25 cents, members don't have to take a bath in the river ditch. Young women are most willing to take a bath because they want to be clean. They used to take a bath in a river at night. Everyone who comes to take a bath says public bath is a good thing! "<br />
<br />
“牙科、照相、水果这些小门面能盈多少利?”<br />
<br />
"How much profit can these small stores like dental clinic, photo studio and fruit stalls make?"<br />
<br />
“盈利不多,可碎金子也是金子呀!我的包子铺商号叫‘半分利’,它有吸引 力,喝茶水不要钱,都愿来。茶水喝多了,刮肚子,肚子空落落的,就要吃包子,不吃 包子,尿尿也是咱的肥料。别看这个小店,一年纯利润ー万四五千。”<br />
<br />
"There is not much profit, but it doesn’t matter! My Baozi shop is called Half Profit, which is attractive. It’s free for drinking tea, so everyone wants to come here. If you drink too much tea, you’ll feel hungry, so you’ll buy our Baozi. Even though you don’t buy it, your urine is also our fertilizer. Don't ignore this small shop, the annual net profit is 14,500 yuan."<br />
<br />
老经理好动,坐在沙发上讲着,不时探出身子拍打一下我的脚面:<br />
<br />
The old manager was hyperactive, sitting on the sofa, talking, and leaning out from time to time to pat my feet:<br />
<br />
“人是钱架的,鳖是水架的。过去是越穷越革命,老鹰拴在鳖脖子上,有能耐也 飞不起来！现在,为了抓钱,我还搞了个’集体入股’。最小十元一股,多者千元一股。农民攒钱怕人,这样入股,提高了集体主义思想,他觉得公司也有他的一份。 我带头入了一万元的股。股金分红按四六。彭真讲'把社会上资金集中起来,长期使用’,做事要有上面精神,打起官司来有说头。’肥水不外流’嘛！我还向你们牟平李德海介绍过这个法儿。”<br />
<br />
"Water is to turtles what money is to people. In the past, we were poor but we worked hard to reform, just like the eagle who was tied to the neck of the turtle, could not fly though it was capable! Now, in order to raise fund, I also promote collective ownership. You can buy a stock with 10 yuan at the minimum, or you can buy a stock with over 1,000 yuan. Taking shares in this way improves collectivism for farmers saving money are worried that others will steal their money. They feels that the company also has their shares. I took the lead to become a shareholder by buying stocks with 10,000 yuan. We’ll split the money forty-sixty. Peng Zhen once said, 'Pool the funds in the society and use them for a long time.' We should have the spirit of superiors so that we can find excuses when we start a lawsuit. 'Every miller draws water to his own mill.'! I also introduced this method to Li Dehai, your home folks in Muping."<br />
<br />
我说:“这种做法合适吗?”<br />
<br />
I said, "Is this appropriate?"<br />
<br />
他并不理会我:“上头财政把得那么死,我们自己为什么不能搞活点?反正在这个小村里我说了算。不宾（佩）服?谁的老婆在家干吗我都知道！我宾服李德 海这个人,有经济头脑。前ー阵子传谣言,说李德海被抓起来了,罪名是什么?’强奸妇女’!当时我就不信。”他忽然压低声音,“别说他那么大的家业忙得没有心思,就是有那个心思,像他这样的英雄还用强奸?……”<br />
<br />
He didn’t answer this question: "The requirements of finance are so rigid, so why can't we be flexible?" Anyway, I have the final say in this small village. People all admire me! I even know what other’s wife is doing at home! I respect that Li Dehai knows how to make money. A while ago, rumors spread that Li Dehai had been arrested. The crime is sex assault! I didn't believe it at that time." He suddenly lowered his voice," He is too busy in managing his own company. Even if he wants to rape a woman, a person like him needs to do that?..."<br />
<br />
对这话,我只能报以苦笑。<br />
<br />
To this, I can only laugh bitterly.<br />
<br />
神秘的登州商行<br />
<br />
A Mysterious Trading Company in Dengzhou<br />
<br />
——信息观念及其他<br />
<br />
—Information Concept and Other Things<br />
<br />
如果有人每年花3万元租金在城里租一层宾馆,你一定会感到不可思议,如果这个人是一个走出磨道的农民,那你更会惊奇不已！<br />
<br />
If someone spends 30,000 yuan a year to rent a hotel in the city, you will feel incredible. If this person is a farmer who walks out of the mill, you will be even more surprised!<br />
<br />
这是乡下农民进城办的ー个商行。宾馆门口“登州商行”四个钢铁铸的大字, 是花800元从青岛请了著名书法家写的。曾几何时,高晓声笔下的陈奂生在县城的宾馆里闹出了一通又一通的笑话,这个“登州商行”里是否还有陈奂生这样的农民呢?<br />
<br />
This is a trading company run by rural farmers coming to cities. The four big characters of "Dengzhou Trading Company" at the entrance of the hotel were written by a famous calligrapher invited from Qingdao by spending 800 yuan. Once upon a time, Chen Huansheng, a character in a work written by Gao Xiaosheng, made a fool of himself again and again in hotels of county towns. Is there a farmer like Chen Huansheng in this trading company?<br />
<br />
我在这个商行的总经理室见到的第一个人物是位20岁出头的姑娘,她叫吴鸿岩,圆胖胖的脸,扎两个把把,眉眼中带有农村姑娘的憨厚和灵秀。<br />
<br />
The first person I met in the general manager's office of this trading company was a girl in her early twenties. She was Wu Hongyan, with a round chubby face and two braids. From her appearance, I could find the characteristics of a rural girl, simple and smart.<br />
<br />
我进门时,她正俯在ー个大书案上从四十多份报刊中检索,把有关商品信息的 部分剪贴起来。有些报刊是我从来没见过的:《上海译报》《上海物资市场》《致富报》《市场周报》《经济预测》《农村金融》《深圳特区报》《湖南经济报》……<br />
<br />
When I entered the door, she was leaning over a large desk, searching from more than 40 newspapers and periodicals, and cutting and pasting some information about commodities. Some newspapers and periodicals I have never seen before: ''Shanghai Translation Newspaper'', ''Shanghai Material Market'', ''Success Newspaper'', ''Market Daily'', ''Economic Forecast'', ''Rural Finance'', ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'', and ''Hunan Economic Newspaper''...<br />
<br />
“你是秘书吗?”我发问。<br />
<br />
"Are you the secretary?" I asked.<br />
<br />
“没有那么大,是文书。”她赧然一笑。<br />
<br />
"No, I’m not a high-ranking member. I’m a clerk." She smiled bashfully.<br />
<br />
当知道我是职业创作员时,她竟和我从文学角度探讨起社会问题:“你说现在农民身上有没有阿Q精神?”<br />
<br />
When she knew that I was a professional creator, she discussed social problems with me from a literary point of view: "Do you think there is Ah Q spirit in farmers now?"<br />
<br />
我一下子回答不上来。<br />
<br />
I can't answer it at once.<br />
<br />
她认真地说:“我一直在想这个问题。阿Q精神是有的。农民和土地绑在一块儿,受了欺侮也走不出去,就得自己安慰自己。有时候没有阿Q精神就活不 下去。”<br />
<br />
She said seriously, "I have been thinking about this question. I think they have Ah Q spirit. Farmers have strong relationships with the land, and they can't go to other places after being bullied, so they have to comfort themselves. Sometimes they can't live without Ah Q spirit."<br />
<br />
这话不是在《文艺报》组织的农村题材座谈会上,而是出自一个穷乡僻壤的农村姑娘之口!<br />
<br />
This was not at the symposium on rural themes organized by Wen yi bao (Literature and Art Newspaper), but from a rural girl in the backcountry!<br />
<br />
她的哥哥吴鸿康走进来了,他是这个商行的副经理,也一起参与“农民政治经济学”的讨论:“农村有些干部很像’土皇帝’!责任制某种意义上就是分散他们的权力,冲破旧的组合!为什么责任制受到群众那么拥护?不值得干部思考吗?我们为什么进城?就是为了摆脱大队给我们的束缚！人挪活,树挪死。我们出来不是为挣钱的,为了干一番事业给他们看看!”<br />
<br />
Her older brother Wu Hongkang, deputy manager of this firm, came in and also participated in the discussion of peasant political economy: "Some rural cadres are very similar to local tyrants! In a sense, the responsibility system is to disperse their power and break through old patterns! Why is the responsibility system so supported by the masses? Isn't it worth thinking about by cadres? Why are we in town? Because we want to get rid of the shackles given to us by the brigade! Trees will die when moved, but people will become more alive. We didn't come out to earn money, but to show them our achievements!"<br />
<br />
吴鸿岩插话说:“农民进城办商行,免不了带有农民的痕迹。有了成绩容易满足,遇到挫折容易灰心丧气,办事不讲效率,拖拖拉拉。我们总经理对职员要求:农民进城必须去掉农民意识,搞商品流通,散漫不行。现在是信息时代,一些农民的旧习气不改,根本搞不好商品生产和商品流通。光蓬莱,我们这样的商行就有九 家,农民办的就有三家,竞争很厉害,不抓紧能行吗?我们搞正规化,每天五点半起床,跑步;六点钟回来,自学半个小时;七点开饭;七点半上班;中午十一点半下班……晚上九点又和全国各地办事处打电话,互通信息。”<br />
<br />
Wu Hongyan interjected: "When farmers go to cities to run a trading company, they will inevitably show the characteristics of farmers. For example, It is easy for them to satisfy with achievements, to be frustrated when encountering setbacks, to be inefficient and procrastinating. Our general manager asked the staff that farmers must get rid of bad habits of farmers when entering the city, because being lax won’t help commodity circulation. Now it is the information age, so commodity production and circulation will not be possible at all, if some farmers' old habits will not be changed. In Penglai alone, there are nine trading companies like ours and three run by farmers. The competition is fierce. Can we do it without working hard? We establish routines for them. They should get up and run at 5:30 every day; Come back at six o'clock and self-study for half an hour; Dinner is served at seven o'clock; Go to work at 7:30; Get off work at 11:30 noon... and call offices all over the country at 9:00 p.m. to exchange information."<br />
<br />
神秘的登州商行！<br />
<br />
Mysterious Dengzhou Trading Company!<br />
<br />
总经理侯日超出场了,夹着黑色皮包,穿着一身笔挺的西服,他40岁出头,方 方的额头,深深的眼窝,尖下巴,眼角有道道血丝,脸上表情淡漠,却隐示着ー种坚 毅。这个农民似乎是从地平线下突然冒出来的,不,确切地说,他是从土地里走出 来的,他大胆地割断了与土地的“脐带”,把承包的16亩责任田,全部转包给别人, 只要转包户每年向他全家每人提供200斤小麦、100斤花生,他用国家牌价购买,而 他和妻子都投身于这个商行的工作。他走出土地,同时也走出了自己的历史。作为ー个农民,他推过车,挑过担子, 整过“大寨田”,当过生产队长,还曾被评选为民兵“学习毛主席著作积极分子”。他好读书,好文娱,好搞创新性的玩意儿。当瓦匠,半年就掌尺,因为老瓦匠们舍不得花钱买工具,而他知道石家庄的泥板是最好的。村里搞剧团,他鼓鼓捣捣,组织起十来个人的小乐队。“文革”开始他又学会扎针,社员有个头痛脑热,不上公社医院,来找他。1983年承包橡胶厂,发了财,三个支部委员和一个大队长,天天去抢账,他一气之下走出了村庄……<br />
<br />
Hou Richao, the general manager, wearing a black trim suit, came. He was in his early 40s, with a square forehead, deep eye sockets, pointed chin, bloodshot eyes, and indifferent expression on his face, which showed a kind of perseverance. The farmer seemed to have popped up from below the horizon. No, to be exact, he came out of the land. He boldly cut off the "umbilical cord" with the land and subcontracted all the contracted 16 mu of land to others. As long as the subcontractor provided 200 kg of wheat and 100 kg of peanuts to his whole family every year, he bought them at the national quotation, so he and his wife devoted themselves to the work of this company. He walked out of the land and also out of his own history. As a farmer, he pushed cars, shouldered burdens, learn from Dazhai in agriculture" Campaign, worked as a production captain, and was once selected as an "activist in studying Chairman Mao's works" as a militia. He likes reading, entertainment activities and engaging in innovative things. When he was a bricklayer, he knew how to know the size in half a year, because the old bricklayers were reluctant to spend money on tools, but he knew that the clay tablets in Shijiazhuang were the best. When the village set up a troupe, he organized a small band of about a dozen people. At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, he learned acupuncture. Members who had a headache or fever didn't go to the commune hospital but came to him for help. In 1983, he contracted a rubber factory and made a fortune, so three branch members and a team leader went to take his credit every day. As a result, he left the village in anger...<br />
<br />
<br />
现在登州商行有四十多个职工,大都是在村里待得压抑的农民。侯日超一跃成为商行经理,下分经理办公室、供销科、总务科、财务科、信息科、工业科,现在分别在大连、沈阳、天津、北京、上海、青岛、哈尔滨等大城市派设有办事处和信息员。<br />
<br />
At present, there are more than 40 employees in Dengzhou Trading Company, most of which are depressed farmers in the village. Hou Richao has become the manager of it, and the company is divided into manager's office, supply and marketing department, general affairs department, finance department, information department and industry department. Now he has offices and information officers in Dalian, Shenyang, Tianjin, Beijing, Shanghai, Qingdao, Harbin and other metropolises.<br />
<br />
信息观念在他们身上的建立,使我惊叹不已。<br />
<br />
I am amazed at their information concept.<br />
<br />
“搞商品流通,必须到经济发达的地方去办,经济发达的地方文化也发达,文化 发达的地方,消费也发达,这样才能正确地了解市场。过去是秀才不出门,便知天下事,那是靠读书,现在光靠书本不行了,等书印出来,什么信息也晚了三秋。现在信息手段很多,电话、电报、广播、报纸、电视、联络网、社会交往。生产カ发展的历史,就是交往不断扩大的历史……马克思讲人与人之间的关系,是经济基础的核心,只有有了人与人之间的关系,才能去创造财富。现在我们采用了广泛联系的方针,在经济学上叫'广泛联合’,我们在这里是经营中心,在全国伸出了若干条腿, 借助各地大中心,发挥咱小中心的作用。这叫’经济横向联系’。”他随手撕下ー张 印刷的信息调查报告表,说,“在外的办事员、信息员、供销员定期ー个月寄回两 次。”这表上有物品种类、价格、规格型号、数量、信息编号、市场形势、预测分析,“我们还准备搞密码,考虑到经济信息要保密。我们还聘请了法律顾问、经济顾问、政策顾问。”<br />
<br />
"To engage in commodity circulation, we must go to economically developed places, where culture is also developed, and in the places where culture is developed, there is higher consumption level. Therefore, in these places, we can correctly understand the market. In the past, scholars knew what was going on in the world without going out, which depended on reading. Now, reading books alone can't do it. When books are printed, any information will be late. Nowadays, there are many means of information, such as telephone, telegraph, radio, newspaper, television, contact network and social communication. The history of production development is the history of expanding communication... Marx said that the relationship between people is the core of economic foundation, and only with the relationship between people can wealth be created. Now we have adopted the policy of extensive ties, or extensive alliance in economics. We are the business center here, stretching out a number of legs throughout the country, and playing the role of our small centers with the help of big centers in various places. This is called lateral economic ties." He tore off a printed information investigation report and said, "The clerks, information officers and supply and marketing staff who are outside regularly send it back twice a month." This form contained the type, price, specification, quantity, information number, market situation and forecast analysis of goods. "Considering that economic information should be kept confidential, we are also going to study cryptography. We have also hired legal advisers, economic advisers and policy advisers."<br />
<br />
在我面前的,绝不是“闰土”和“陈奂生”了 !<br />
<br />
In front of me, it was by no means Run Tu and Chen Huansheng (they are two characters in novels)!<br />
<br />
我顺手抓起一份信息剪报,在“山东莱芜羊里公社,可收获优质大蒜4万斤寻求销路”这一段文字下面有红笔标示。<br />
<br />
I grabbed an information clipping conveniently, and there was a red pen mark under the paragraph "In Yangli Commune, Laiwu, Shandong Province, you can harvest 40,000 jin of high-quality garlic, which are waiting to be sold".<br />
<br />
“你们准备买大蒜吗?”我问。<br />
<br />
"Are you going to buy garlic?" I asked.<br />
<br />
“香港八汇有限公司找我们订了 300吨,照国家外贸价。”<br />
<br />
"Hong Kong Bahui Co., Ltd. ordered 300 tons of garlic from us and will pay us at the national foreign trade price."<br />
<br />
“他们去莱芜联系过了吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have they gone to Laiwu to ask this thing?"<br />
<br />
“没有。大蒜价格还要落,现在去联系价格不好商量。”<br />
<br />
"No. The price of garlic is still falling. It is not easy to determine the price now."<br />
<br />
“你何以预测出大蒜要落价?”<br />
<br />
"How did you predict that garlic would fall in price?"<br />
<br />
“第一个信息,今年蒜薰多,蒜薰丰收,大蒜也必然丰收。现在买是我们求他,将来买是他来求我!”<br />
<br />
"The first information is that this year's garlic scapes are abundant, so garlic will be abundant. If we buy it now, we will be at a disadvantage, but if we buy it in the future, they will be at a disadvantage! "<br />
<br />
其机敏可见一斑。<br />
<br />
His cleverness can be seen.<br />
<br />
“我们搞的代购代销,是商品流通的一种形式,是市场调节的手段。现在我们 也考虑办工厂,先上纸箱厂、饮料厂、瓷雕厂、裘装厂——这个是和外商合办的。还 准备买专利……等到1985年可以打个漂亮仗,纯收入拿500万,向国家提供600 万元税收。蓬莱缺大旅馆,外国人来了还要回烟台去住。我们准备盖个十三层的高级旅馆,要有占地100亩的高尔夫球场,将来蓬莱以它特有的条件一蓬莱阁成 为烟台的贸易中心,吸引外商。他不了解你这些人,怎么投资?”<br />
<br />
"Purchasing overseas products for others and consignment are forms of commodity circulation and a means of market regulation. Now we are also considering the establishment of factories, including carton factory, beverage factory, porcelain carving factory and fur factory. The fur factory is jointly organized with foreign businessmen. I'm also going to buy patents... By 1985, I can make great achievements, with a net income of 5 million yuan and a tax of 6 million yuan to the country. Penglai has no big hotels, so foreigners have to go back to Yantai to live when they come. Therefore, we are going to build a high-class hotel with 13 floors and a golf course covering an area of 100 mu. In the future, Penglai will become the trade center of Yantai with its unique building—Penglai Pavilion, attracting foreign businessmen. If they don't know you people, how can they invest money? "<br />
<br />
他回身用拇指指指墙上的彩色挂历,那是一幅夏威夷海滩浴场的照片:“你看 这夏威夷海滨,我们蓬莱为什么不能搞成这样?”<br />
<br />
He turned around and pointed to the colorful calendar, a photo of Hawaii a seaside resort, on the wall with his thumb: "Look at it. Why can't Penglai be like this?"<br />
<br />
他的笑容中或有当年“乐队队长”的率直和快乐。<br />
<br />
His smile may have the frankness and happiness of the band leader of that year.<br />
<br />
“中国的革命,在某种意义上说是农民的革命,可是农民还没有得到应有的利 益。三中全会解决了这个问题,现在政策允许你的思维发展。过去在农村是智力 高的伺候智力低的。古话说:出头椽子先烂,烂也是ー辈子。不要珍惜你的生命, 一千岁又怎么样?要珍惜社会贡献……有人说我们吹牛X。随他!过去说吹牛X不纳税,现在吹牛X得纳税,不信试试!”<br />
<br />
"China's revolution is the farmers’ revolution in a sense, but they have not yet got the benefits they deserve. The Third Plenary Session solved this problem, and now the policy allows you to think out of the box. In the past, people in the countryside with high intelligence served people with low intelligence. As the old saying goes, "If you stick your head out, you may be at a lifetime risk." Don't cherish your life. Who cares if you can live a very long time? We should cherish our social contributions... Some people say we are full of hot air. Who cares! In the past, it was said that bragging did not pay taxes, but now bragging has to pay taxes. If you don't believe it, just try it!"<br />
<br />
第四章在历史的接合部上<br />
<br />
Chapter 4 At the Junction of History<br />
<br />
是的,无数个瞬间,组成了人类历史的长河。<br />
<br />
Yes, countless moments constitute the long river of human history.<br />
<br />
历史学家在研究历史的时候,没有忽视“瞬间”这个历史的“微粒”。战争的决胜,国家的兴衰,在某个瞬间所引起的质变:项羽鸿门宴却步于樊哙之勇,司马懿一念败退于诸葛亮的空城计,希特勒对盟军诺曼底登陆之失算……历史往往在某个瞬间悄悄地开始了一个时代。国家、民族的命运是这样,个人的命运也是这样。但历史毕竟是个记忆衰退的老人,它向后人叙述的,大都是些概念,而文学,却需要到光阴之河里去捕捞无数充满感情色彩的细节,组成它的艺术生命。趁历史还没有走远,我们还来得及去回首看一看那打着时代变革印记的无数个瞬间。<br />
<br />
When historians study history, they do not ignore the moments, which constitute the long river of human history. The decisive victory of a war, the rise and fall of a country, and the qualitative changes caused by a certain moment can be seen in history. Xiang Yu's Feast at Swan Goose Gate was discouraged from Fan Kuai's courage. Sima Yi failed because of Zhuge Liang's Empty Fort Strategy. Hitler made mistakes about his allied forces’ Normandy landings... History often quietly started an era at a certain moment. This is the fate of a country and a nation, and so is the fate of an individual. However, history is an old man with declining memory, and most of what he narrates to future generations are concepts. But if we want to know literature, we need to go to the river of time to salvage countless emotional details to form its artistic life. While history has not gone far, we still have time to look back and see the countless moments marked by the changes of the times.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他们像没娘的孩子<br />
<br />
At That Moment, They Were Like Motherless Children<br />
<br />
——困惑篇<br />
<br />
—Confusion<br />
<br />
“辛辛苦苦30年,一夜回到解放前！呜呜呜……”<br />
<br />
"After 30 years of hard work, The situation is changed into that before liberation overnight! Boohoo..."<br />
<br />
烟台地区责任制的巨大闸门终于被撬动起来之时,在栖霞县ー个山沟的野夼大队办公室里,7个党支部委员对着毛主席的画像伤心地哭了起来。<br />
<br />
When the huge gate of the responsibility system in Yantai area was finally opened, seven Party branch members in the Yekuang brigade office of a ravine in Qixia County cried sadly at the portrait of Chairman Mao.<br />
<br />
他们平均55岁,7个人中有6个当过八路军、3个二等残疾军人一个个是共 产党的忠诚战士。这里是革命老区,许世友司令员曾住在附近的东下布。他们给子弟兵缝过军装,养过伤员……是社会主义救了这个旧社会有名的“叫花子布”，今天有了果园,有了水库,有了马车,有了柴油机和拖拉机……<br />
<br />
They were 55 years old on average. Six of the seven have worked in the Eighth Route Army, and three were second-class disabled soldiers. All of them were loyal fighters of the Communist Party. This was an old revolutionary base area, and Commander Xu Shiyou once lived in Dongxiabu nearby. They sewed military uniforms for their soldiers and raised the wounded... It was socialism that saved the famous backcountry in the old society. Today, there are orchards, reservoirs, carriages, diesel engines and tractors...<br />
<br />
这些家业,都是他们听毛主席的话带领群众创出来的。今天毛主席订的某些章程要更改了,是在他老人家已经不在了的时候……<br />
<br />
These possessions were created by them who led masses and followed Chairman Mao. Today, some constitutions made by Chairman Mao have to be changed when he has gone...<br />
<br />
“呜呜呜……”老年人的哭声是悲怆的。<br />
<br />
"Boohoo..." They wailed.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他痛苦地否定了自己<br />
<br />
At That Moment, He Painfully Denied Himself<br />
<br />
——省悟篇<br />
<br />
—Enlightenment<br />
<br />
这是个倔老头儿!<br />
<br />
This is a stubborn old man!<br />
<br />
他很少服输。“文化大革命”中一连斗了他33次,在黄县,造反派都说他磨山 迟家是“小台湾”,而他迟本达,就是顽固不化的“蒋光头”。在批斗大会上,“造反派”踢他一脚,他当即回敬一拳,硬是把“造反派”给打散了。后来,他磨山迟家成了“红色革命根据地”,县里的老干部,干社会主义的“铁柱子”,每天有几百人在这里吃饭。现在他大小机械100多台,汽车3辆,拖拉机6台,果园!000亩,还搞不过你的“大包干”?他有空就悄悄往邻队地里一蹲,不是去学习,而是挑刺儿。<br />
<br />
He seldom admitted defeat. During the Cultural Revolution, he experienced struggle sessions 33 times in a row. In Huang County, the rebels said that residents in the Moshanchijia village was Taiwanese, and he Chi Benda was the stubborn Chiang Kai-Shek. During the struggle session, when the rebels kicked him, he immediately responded with a punch, which dealt a blow to them. Later, this village became a revolutionary base; the Chi family became veteran cadre in the county and the backbone of socialism. Hundreds of people eat there every day. Now he has more than 100 machines, large and small, 3 cars, 6 tractors and 1000 mu of orchards. Isn’t it better than the household responsibility system? When he was free, he quietly appeared in the neighboring team, not to study, but to find fault.<br />
<br />
和共和国同龄的县委书记杜世成,苦口婆心来劝说:“还是搞责任制好,700户社员,就有700个’队长’,专业化、社会化是今后的方向。”<br />
<br />
Du Shicheng, secretary of the county party committee, was born in 1949, when the People’s Republic of China was found. He did his best to convince Chi and said: "It is better to engage in the household responsibility system. There are 700 captains for 700 households. Specialization and socialization are the future direction."<br />
<br />
老头儿不服劲儿,又不得不做出样子,把大锅饭改成“中锅饭”,ー个大队分成 两个,12个生产队分成了 24个生产组,中央不是说“多种形式”吗?<br />
<br />
The old man disagreed with him, but had to pretend to comply with his instructions, so he changed food prepared in a large canteen into food prepared in a medium-sized canteen. Besides, one brigade was divided into two, and 12 production teams were divided into 24 production groups. After all, the central government said they could introduce various forms.<br />
<br />
年底公社列表张榜,挂到会议室正面墙上,迟本达不敢过去正视,因为磨山迟家这个一向当“领头雁”的,一下子变成了尾巴梢子,简直令人不敢相信,却又是千真万确的事实!<br />
<br />
At the end of the year, the commune list was posted and hung on the front wall of the conference room. Chi Benda did not dare to face it up, because Chi's family, who has always taken the lead, suddenly performed bad, which was unbelievable, but was also real!<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,老头子垂下了白花花的脑袋,却装着用手去搔头……<br />
<br />
At that moment, the old man hung down his head with gray hair, but he pretended to scratch his head with his hands...<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他失明的双目透进了阳光<br />
<br />
At That Moment, His Blind Eyes Feel Sunshine<br />
<br />
——信仰篇<br />
<br />
—Faith<br />
<br />
掖县是烟台地区的“西南大门”,紧挨着责任制搞得较早的昌潍地区。当初有的领导同志曾提出:“掖县要挡住西南风!”<br />
<br />
Ye County is the southwest gate of Yantai City, and it is next to Changwei area where the household responsibility system was established earlier. At the beginning, some leading comrades once said: "Ye County should block the southwest wind!"<br />
<br />
一个双目失明的瘦小老人点着一根七尺长的竹竿走出来了,他是掖县过西乡徐家大队的当家人徐斌。这个双目失明的人当了30多年支部书记,他用一根竹竿探路,带着全村600多户人家,两千多口子人,从昨天走到今天。<br />
<br />
A skinny old man who was blind came out with a seven-chi bamboo pole. He was Xu Bin, the head of Xu family brigade in Guoxi Township, Ye County. This blind man has been a branch secretary for more than 30 years. He used a bamboo pole to explore the way and took more than 600 households and more than 2,000 people in the village from the past to the present.<br />
<br />
一切都是摸索过来的。这或许反映了中国农民在特殊条件下的历史进程!<br />
<br />
He explored everything, which may reflect the historical process of Chinese farmers under special conditions!<br />
<br />
他是怎样把徐家大队领成一个“先进”啊一竹竿上刻着尺寸,翻过的地,他 要逐块去量一量,看是否够深度。社员剜谷苗,他要去摸一摸稀疏。到后来,有的社员锄地光锄地头,糊弄他这个瞎汉,他检查生产,不得不点着ー根竹竿,向青纱帐深处走去。过去,这一些被当作先进事迹,在各种会议上介绍,那其实是ー种多么深刻的悲剧,一种多么令人痛心的象征! !<br />
<br />
How did he lead the Xu family brigade into an advanced brigade? A bamboo pole was engraved with dimensions, so he had to measure the land one by one to see if it was deep enough. When members cut the grain seedlings, he was going to feel whether they were sparse. Later, some members only hoed in edge of a field to fool him because he was blind. Therefore, when he checked production, he had to walk with his bamboo pole to the depths of green fields. In the past, these were regarded as advanced deeds and introduced at various conferences. What a profound tragedy and a sad symbol!!<br />
<br />
他率先实行了生产责任制。用竹竿捅破那长期以来形成的不符合实际情况的固有观念!<br />
<br />
He took the lead in implementing the production responsibility system, so he eliminated the inherent concept that has taken root for a long time and did not conform to the actual situation with his bamboo pole!<br />
<br />
他率先发展了商品生产,办起了糖厂、面粉加工厂、冰库（这是我见到的第一座 农民冰库）、修配厂……<br />
<br />
He spearheaded the commodity production, like a sugar factory, a flour processing factory, an icehouse (this was the first farmer icehouse I have seen) and a repair factory...<br />
<br />
他不能看电影,却在全公社修起了第一座带座位的农民影院;他不能看书,却 办起了有数千册藏书的图书馆;他没有孩子在身边,却修起了连联合国的考察团也为之咋舌的幼儿园。<br />
<br />
He was unable to watch movies, but he built the first farmer cinema with seats in the whole commune. He was unable to read books, but he has set up a library with thousands of books. He had no children around, but he has built a kindergarten that even amazed the United Nations delegation.<br />
<br />
他看不见色彩,却在创造着彩色的生活！<br />
<br />
He can't see color, but he was creating a colorful life!<br />
<br />
王济夫带着《烟台日报》的总编辑刘鹏雁来到这里,激动不已,对总编辑说: “掖县有了领头人,发个头条!”<br />
<br />
When Wang Jifu came here with Liu Pengyan, editor-in-chief of Yantai Daily, he was excited and said to the editor-in-chief: "Ye County has a leader, so let’s make him hit the headlines!"<br />
<br />
理解,你是阳光,把心灵的阴影驱散。<br />
<br />
Understanding is sunshine, dispelling the shadow of a soul.<br />
<br />
徐斌像保存家珍似的把这份剪报贴在一个本子上。<br />
<br />
Xu Bin pasted this newspaper clipping on a notebook like keeping a family treasure.<br />
<br />
“还有磁带,是中央电台录制的,我拿给你听听。”他瞎瞎摸摸,挪动着瘦瘦的身躯,哼着小调,把磁带装到录音机里,按动开关,于是,关于他生命的信息,从女广播员那脆亮而充满感情的播音中传达出来:<br />
<br />
"There is also a tape, which was recorded by the central radio station. I will show it to you." He fumbled, moved his thin body, hummed a tune, loaded the tape into the tape recorder, and turned it on. So the message about his life was conveyed from the crisp and emotional voice of a female announcer:<br />
<br />
“《当你回首往事的时候》……”<br />
<br />
"When you look back..."<br />
<br />
我坐在他的侧面,看到他仍然沉浸在广播员那动情的朗诵之中。我看到了黑镜片后面那畸形的深陷的眼窝,像两个喷发过岩浆的火山口,他的嘴在微微翕动着。仅存无几的睫毛上沾着水汽,红红的眼窝噙满了泪水,那心灵的潮汛终于汇集成一股水流,向下淌去……<br />
<br />
I sat on his side and saw that he was still immersed in the emotional recitation of the announcer. I saw behind the black glasses the deformed, sunken eye sockets, like two craters of lava, and his mouth moved slightly. His eyelashes that had not been much left were covered by a layer of saturated vapour of water, and the red eye sockets were full of tears. Finally, his tears, the vent to his soul, fell down...<br />
<br />
我上车时,他伸出瘦瘦的手来向前摸索着,我知道他是在寻找我,要和我握别。<br />
<br />
When I got into the car, he stretched out his thin hand and groped forward. I knew he was looking for me because he wanted to shake my hands at parting.<br />
<br />
我握着他的手,久久不愿松开。<br />
<br />
I held his hands and refused to let go for a long time.<br />
<br />
在这一瞬间我想到:痛苦在于我们这些不失明的人,让一个失明的战士为我们探路！<br />
<br />
At this moment, I thought that the pain lies in us who were not blind, because we let a blind soldier explore the way for us!<br />
<br />
他是在用心看着道路。<br />
<br />
He looked at the way with his heart, not his eyes.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他求告无望,横下一条心<br />
<br />
At That Moment, He Failed to Receive Help, So He Determined to Do Something<br />
<br />
——励志篇<br />
<br />
—An Inspirational Story<br />
<br />
笑容,你来得是那么容易的吗?<br />
<br />
Smile, is it so easy for you to come?<br />
<br />
谭绪佑离开“大锅饭”时也感到过无所适从,过去的一切都是队上的“父母官”包揽,现在,他这瘦巴巴、一头卷发的汉子要自己去闯生活之路。<br />
<br />
Tan Xuyou felt at a loss when he no longer ate food prepared in a large canteen. In the past, everything was taken care of by members on the production team. Now, he, a thin man with curly hair, has to go his own way of life.<br />
<br />
到淄博去,嫂表弟建议他上个小作坊,生产“浮球式比重仪”,那是一家研究所设计的新产品。谭绪佑壮着胆子接回来试制,二十天后带着五只样品去了,研究所一鉴定,竟然惊奇不已:“这是你们搞的吗?国营厂三个月拿出来算快的!”<br />
<br />
When he went to Zibo, his cousin suggested that he go to a small workshop to produce floating ball hydrometer, which was a new product designed by a research institute. Tan Xuyou got the courage to have a trial production. After 20 days, he went with five samples. The institute identified them and was surprised: "Did you do this? It is fast for the state-owned factory to make them in three months!"<br />
<br />
“武宁电器厂”的牌子在这个偏远的滨海村庄挂起来了,赞同的目光,惊讶的目光,疑问的目光,嫉妒的目光都投向这个白漆黑字的木牌牌。<br />
<br />
The sign of "Wuning Electric Appliance Factory" was hung up in this remote coastal village. People looked at this wooden plaque white and black with admiration, surprise, suspicion or jealousy.<br />
<br />
一个夜晚,木牌牌不翼而飞。<br />
<br />
One night, the plaque disappeared.<br />
<br />
扛走木牌的人显然不是因为缺柴烧。<br />
<br />
It was obvious that those who carried away it were not short of firewood.<br />
<br />
木牌不值多少钱,可那是门面啊,打人还不打脸呢。<br />
<br />
Wooden plaque was not worth much money, but it represented the owner’s dignity. For example, if you hit others, you wouldn’t punch their face.<br />
<br />
谭绪佑去报告“父母官”,路上看到大队仓库的后窗被人撬了,他怀着对集体的感情,一并做了报告。<br />
<br />
Tan Xuyou went to report to the members on the production team. On the way, he saw that the rear window of the team warehouse had been pried. He cared for the team, so he also reported it.<br />
<br />
当天下午,队上的仓库后窗就派人钉上了,谭绪佑却在家等,等,等……<br />
<br />
In the afternoon, the rear window of the warehouse on the team was nailed, but Tan Xuyou waited at home for a long time...<br />
<br />
谭绪佑猛然省悟到什么,跺跺脚,自己做了一个沉甸甸的大铁牌子,焊上挂柱, 垒进墙里去了。<br />
<br />
Something suddenly dawned on Tan Xuyou, so he stamped his feet, made a heavy big iron sign, and welded the hanging column to build it into the wall.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他怒发冲冠,破门而出<br />
<br />
At That Moment, He Burst Out of the Door in A Rage<br />
<br />
——求索篇<br />
<br />
—Seeking<br />
<br />
是铁,就要经受锤炼。<br />
<br />
If it is iron, it must be tempered.<br />
<br />
有人向黄县平里院大队书记战学忠介绍,平陵县有一套设备,能使粉渣酿出酒来。<br />
<br />
Someone introduced to Zhan Xuezhong, secretary of Pingliyuan Brigade in Huang County, that Ping Ling County has a set of equipment, which can make wine from powder residue.<br />
<br />
年轻的书记被这桩便宜买卖迷住了,花五万元钱把这套设备买了下来,由那边派师傅帮助安装。<br />
<br />
The young secretary was fascinated by this cheap deal, so he spent 50,000 yuan to buy it and an employee there would help install it.<br />
<br />
一天、两天、三天……<br />
<br />
One day, two days, three days…<br />
<br />
一个月、两个月、三个月 <br />
<br />
One month, two months, three months...<br />
<br />
社员们眼巴巴地望着,等着出酒哩。<br />
<br />
The members watched eagerly, waiting for the wine to come out.<br />
<br />
可是酒总出不来。<br />
<br />
But the wine never came out.<br />
<br />
战学忠打电报叫对方厂长来,杳无讯息。<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong called the factory director, but there was no message.<br />
<br />
那天早上,忽然有人告诉战学忠:那两位“人质”跑了。<br />
<br />
That morning, someone suddenly told Zhan Xuezhong that the two "hostages" had run away.<br />
<br />
战学忠赶去ー看,果然人走屋空,留在酒厂的设备,成了一堆废铁!<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong rushed to see it. Sure enough, people left the house empty, and the equipment left in the winery became a pile of scrap metal!<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,战学忠血冲脑门,狠狠擂动着门板,他意识到被骗了。牵线人和平陵厂方合谋,把ー套毫无价值的设备坑给了他们。<br />
<br />
At that moment, Zhan Xuezhong was in a rage and severely beat the door panel when he realized that he had been cheated. The matchmaker conspired with the Pingling factory and gave them a set of worthless equipment.<br />
<br />
5万元哪,平里院的父老姊妹口挪肚省的血汗钱哪!<br />
<br />
50,000 yuan, the hard-earned money saved by the young and old in Pingliyuan!<br />
<br />
战学忠带着合同到县经济法庭控告,花15元钱打印了一份诉状,直奔平陵县。<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong took the contract to the county economic court, spent 15 yuan money to print a complaint, and went straight to Pingling County.<br />
<br />
平陵县的法庭庭长回家收责任田的小麦去了。<br />
<br />
The court president of it went home to collect wheat from the field he was responsible for.<br />
<br />
战学忠在旅馆等了七天,后来终于见到了法庭庭长,庭长说:“办成办不成,先交2500元的手续费,相当你损失的百分之五。”<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong waited in the hotel for seven days, and finally met the president of the court. The president said, "Whether it is successful or not, you should pay a handling fee of 2,500 yuan first, which is equivalent to 5% of your loss."<br />
<br />
他已几乎囊空如洗!<br />
<br />
He was almost broke!<br />
<br />
战学忠直接找到了工厂里,厂里的人告诉他,厂长换了,不能办!<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong directly went to the factory, and the employees in the factory told him that the factory director had been changed, so they could not help him!<br />
<br />
痛苦,已经超出了经济的范畴。<br />
<br />
The pain was not only derived from the lack of money.<br />
<br />
那个“一瞬间”成了一服明目的良药,使这个1978年オ认识火车的“乡巴佬”学会了商品生产的市场调查、信誉调查。<br />
<br />
That moment became a motivation for this hillbilly who knew the train to learn the market research and credit investigation of commodity production.<br />
<br />
北京王府井商场一块“电动剃须刀无货”的牌子,使他跑遍了南京、杭州、无锡、上海,亲自写出了一份三万言的电动剃须刀商品调查报告,接着把落满伤心泪的烧酒车间改成了电器车间,前后不到8个月。第一批电动剃须刀组装起来,拿到县里去鉴定,那些长着大胡子的局长、科长还不识其为何物！<br />
<br />
Seeing a sign of "Electric shavers are out of stock" in Wangfujing Shopping Mall in Beijing, he travelled all over Nanjing, Hangzhou, Wuxi and Shanghai, personally wrote a 30,000-word survey report on electric shavers, and then transformed the shochu workshop full of his sad memories into an electrical appliance workshop, which was less than 8 months before and after. When the first batch of electric shavers were assembled and taken to the county for identification, those bearded directors and section chiefs still didn't know what they were!<br />
<br />
平里院电器总厂的大牌子就这样堂而皇之地挂起来了。年产10万只,畅销11个省市,年获利润12万元。<br />
<br />
In this way, the big plaque of Pingliyuan Electric Appliance General Factory was hung up in public. The annual output was 100,000 in 11 provinces and cities, with an annual profit of 120,000 yuan.<br />
<br />
战学忠,这个曾受过骗的农民企业家两眼闪动着智慧之光,一边和我吃着自制的牛奶冰棍,一边给我讲着“企业经”和“做人经”。<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong, a farmer entrepreneur who has been deceived, had his eyes flashing with wisdom. While eating homemade milk popsicles with me, he told me how to run a successful enterprise and how to be a decent person.<br />
<br />
“我们乡镇企业是’游击队’,打一枪换一个地方。国营办一个厂子,光厂房连 批带盖得一两年,咱有间房子先干起来,等你厂房盖起来,咱产品又更新了。乡镇 企业,必须看市场什么最活,最快……市场变化一天一个样,甚至一个钟头一个样。 商品的竞争,是技术的竞争,信息的竞争,也是时间的竞争,有技术不用,转眼成了旧技术,一切都在更新换代。我们队办工业现在是由密集型到分散型——好多工序在社员家里……”<br />
<br />
"Our township enterprises are guerrillas, and they change a place after they fire a bullet. Approving and building a state-owned factory should take one or two years. When we have a house, we can work first, because when your factory is built, our products will be updated again. Township enterprises must know what is the most active and fastest in the market... The market changes every day, even every hour. Commodity competition is the competition of technology. The competition of information is also the competition of time. If there is technology that you don’t use, it will become old technology in an instant, because everything will be updated. Our brigade's business is now intensive and decentralized, which means many procedures are finished in the members' homes..." <br />
<br />
“咱平里院人是有志气的。县里调我我不去,不是干不了,也不是因为待遇,我舍不得这么多好群众。在我有生之年,一定要给他们闯出一条路来,让贫穷、愚昧的状况一去不复返,让那些为革命献出血和汗的群众不再寒心。现在大队二十六户烈属,每年补他们每户2000元。现在平里院再不是让人瞧不起的时候了。”<br />
<br />
"We Pingliyuan people are ambitious. It's not that I can't do it or because of the treatment when the county promoted me. I don’t want to start the new chapter of my life without so many good people. In my lifetime, I must find a way for them so that they can be free from poverty and ignorance forever, and let those people who shed blood and sweat for the revolution stop disappointed. Now the brigade’s twenty-six households whose families are martyrs will be compensated 2000 yuan per household every year. Now Pingliyuan has passed the time when it was looked down upon."<br />
<br />
第五章属于自己的日子<br />
<br />
Chapter 5 My Own Days<br />
<br />
1984年初夏,中南海紫光阁毗邻的ー间办公室里,我和人民文学杂志社的周 明同志、王南宁同志,以及女作家张洁,坐在一位长者的对面,听他谈农村体制改革 的有关问题。他讲话的时候,用手拨动着写字台上的一个玲珑的地球仪:<br />
<br />
In the early summer of 1984, in an office adjacent to Ziguangge Purple Chamber, Zhongnanhai, Comrade Zhou Ming, Wang Nanning of People's Literature, Zhang Jie, a female writer, and I sat opposite an elder and listened to him talking about the rural system reform. As he spoke, he rotated an exquisite globe on the desk with his hand:<br />
<br />
“如果说中国的农业改革出现了奇迹,它的秘密在什么地方?我认为在’家庭’两个字。这是逼出来的。现在我们千万不能把家庭经营的基础搞掉。从农业上来说,在发达国家,大量存在的是家庭农场。加拿大家庭农场占百分之九十以上,在美国,取得效益最大的也是家庭农场。社会的发展,还受家庭发展的制约。中国的基本国情是家庭这个细胞根深蒂固。几个家庭结合在一起,就不如一个家庭发展快……<br />
<br />
"If there is a miracle in China's agricultural reform, where is its secret? I think it lies in the word family. Because there is no choice. Now we must not get rid of the foundation of family management. In terms of agriculture, there are a large number of family farms in developed countries. Canadian family farms account for more than 90%, and in the United States, family farms have achieved the greatest benefits. The development of society is also restricted by family development. The basic national condition of China is that the family is deeply rooted. If several families are combined, they will not develop as fast as one family...<br />
<br />
“中国农村的自然半自然、自给半自给的传统经营方式,将要被摧毁。一个巨大的、繁荣的中国农村市场将要在世界上出现!<br />
<br />
"The natural, semi-natural, self-sufficient and semi-self-sufficient traditional business model in China's rural areas will be destroyed. A huge and prosperous Chinese rural market will appear in the world!"<br />
<br />
“太平洋经济时代将要到来!世界的经济重心将从欧洲移到亚洲。在中国将要出现一条黄金海岸……”<br />
<br />
"The Pacific economic era is coming! The economic center of gravity of the world will shift from Europe to Asia. There will be a gold coast in China..."<br />
<br />
他又转动了一下地球仪,世界在迅速地旋转着。<br />
<br />
He rotated the globe again, and the world was spinning rapidly.<br />
<br />
我踏着旋转的地球,从紫光阁下走进了胶东的一座座农屋……<br />
<br />
Stepping on the rotating earth, I walked into the farmhouses in Jiaodong from under Ziguangge...<br />
<br />
兄弟们<br />
<br />
Brothers<br />
<br />
——关于性文化<br />
<br />
—Sexual Culture<br />
<br />
国外一位学者说过,只有当一个男人和一个女人结合在一起的时候才是一个完整的人,这也许就是某些长期过独身生活的人为什么在个性上存有某种怪癖的原因。<br />
<br />
A foreign scholar said that only when a man and a woman are together, they become complete people, which may be the reason why some people who have lived celibacy for a long time have some quirks in personality.<br />
<br />
我见到已经40岁的满玉贵时,他刚从滑石坑里爬上来。这个滑石专业户身上沾着白色的滑石粉,坐在那里,没有笑容,没有表情,没有言语,只是闷头抽着烟——他已被生活的雕刀雕刻成一个早衰的“滑石人”！<br />
<br />
When I met Man Yugui, who was 40 years old, he had just climbed up from the talc pit. This talc specialist is stained with white talc powder, sitting there, without smile, expression or words, just smoking a cigarette—he has been carved into an early aging "talc man" by the carving knife of life!<br />
<br />
满家是有名的“光棍堂”,兄弟三个,加一个老父亲。三间草屋住着四个光棍, 没有空间容纳异性。<br />
<br />
The Man family were famous bachelors, with three brothers and an old father. There were four bachelors living in three huts without room for the opposite sex.<br />
<br />
大队干部像在为一块化石做讲解:“……咱村守着滑石山,过去不让开,后来王 济夫书记在喇叭里号召大伙儿勤劳致富,弟兄三个去年干了一年,成了万元户……是不是玉贵?”<br />
<br />
The cadres of the brigade seemed to be explaining for a fossil: "... Our village guards the talc mountain and prohibited others from mining. Later, Secretary Wang Jifu called on everyone to work hard and get rich in the horn. The three brothers worked for a year last year and became the household with 10,000 yuan... Right, Yugui? "<br />
<br />
满玉贵抬起头来,不正眼看人,“嗯”了一声,又闷下头去。<br />
<br />
Man Yugui looked up, didn't look at people. "Yes", and he lowered his head again.<br />
<br />
“去年盖了四间新瓦房,老六说上了媳妇。先弟弟,后哥哥……是不是玉贵?”<br />
<br />
"Last year, four new tile houses were built, and the sixth child of your family got married. The First one who got married was your little brother, then your older brother... Right, Yugui?"<br />
<br />
这话半带戏谑,满玉贵脖子转了转,没有吱声。<br />
<br />
This was kind of banter, so Man Yugui turned around without making a reply.<br />
<br />
满玉贵也曾有过美好的青春年华,身上充满了生命的汁水。可是,当他进入 “青春发育期”的同时,也进入了“饥寒交迫期”。那一年,老五得了“老虎卡”死在医院里,交不上住院费,医院不让往回拉尸首,一家人四处求借,又把一口半大猪卖掉,才把小尸首拉回来。没几天老三得了同样的病,医院干脆拒之门外,活活死在家里了。<br />
<br />
Man Yugui once had the best years, and his body was full of the juice of life. However, when he entered the puberty period, he also entered the "hunger and cold period". That year, Lao Wu infected leprosy and died in the hospital. They couldn't pay the hospitalization fee, so the hospital wouldn't let them pull the corpse back. The family asked for loans everywhere, and sold a pig neither too big nor too little so that they could pull the corpse back. A few days later, the third child got the same disease, so the hospital simply turned away and the child died at home.<br />
<br />
从那,900元的债务一直压得四条汉子直不起腰来。<br />
<br />
Since then, the debt of 900 yuan put pressure on the four men.<br />
<br />
一位心理学家说,青年期的本能发动是青年人格再造的契机。面前端坐不动的满玉贵,不正是由于两种饥饿、两种压抑造成的性格的变形吗?<br />
<br />
A psychologist said that the instinct of youth is an opportunity for young people to rebuild their personality. For Man Yugui, who sat still, was it not because of the deformation of character caused by two kinds of hunger and two kinds of depression?<br />
<br />
“你们都帮帮他的忙啊!”我对众人说。<br />
<br />
"You all help him!" I said to everyone.<br />
<br />
有人插话:“前天邻村一个治保主任坐拖拉机摔死了,撇下媳妇和两个孩子。”<br />
<br />
Someone interjected: "The day before yesterday, a security director in a neighboring village fell to his death on a tractor, leaving his wife and two children."<br />
<br />
我说:“抓紧给办!”<br />
<br />
I said, "Hurry up and fix them up!"<br />
<br />
一个笑容在满玉贵脸上闪过,充满羞涩,也充满向往,像乌云遮蔽的天空忽然显出的一道霞光,把一个秘密也透露出来——前些年由于物质生活的匮乏,这个老光棍已经断了娶亲的念头,现在的致富之路又唤起了他的阳刚萌动,“死灰复燃”。不久前,县里开专业户代表大会,满玉贵特意去做了一身料子服,他要像个人样地走在女同胞面前！<br />
<br />
He flashed a smile, full of shyness and yearning, like a sudden glow in the sky covered by dark clouds, revealing a secret. A few years ago, due to the lack of material life, this old bachelor had given up getting married, but now his wealth aroused his masculinity. Not long ago, the county held a specialist congress, and Man Yugui specially tailored a woollen cloth to his needs. He wanted to walk in front of women in dignity!<br />
<br />
今天的性文化尚受着经济的制约。当我们清算“左”的路线对中国农村造成 的挫伤时,很少把性——这一具有人类意义的事情考虑在内！<br />
<br />
Today's sex culture is still restricted by economy. When we think of the influence caused by the left-wing politics to rural China, we seldom take sex, which is of human significance, into account!<br />
<br />
“你要去坑里看看吗?就早一些……”满玉贵面孔对着我,眼睛却不看我。<br />
<br />
"Do you want to go to the pit to have a look? Just earlier..." Man Yugui faced me, but he didn't look at me.<br />
<br />
我随他下到了深深的滑石坑里,那里面又潮湿又黑暗,有些地方要趴下身子才能过得去。<br />
<br />
I followed him down into the deep talc pit, which was damp and dark, and there were places where I had to lie down to get by.<br />
<br />
他每天就下到这里面,跪在地上,用镐头一下下刨掘着,然后用辘伊绞上去。那是对自己命运的刨掘,对失去年华的刨掘,他要从那里面寻找出失落的希望吗?<br />
<br />
He goes down here every day, kneels on the ground, digs down with a pick, and then use manual crane to send talc up. Is that the digging of his own destiny, the digging of the lost years? And dose he want to find out the lost hope from it?<br />
<br />
回到满玉贵家来,76岁的老父亲气喘吁吁地对我说:“早年给玉贵提亲的也有,一打听,弟兄多,不干;这几年有提的,问有房吗? 一听还没盖,又不干。哥哥没有,弟弟也不找,两个都误下了……这眼下钱不愁了,俺打算再盖他八间房,给老大和老二娶上媳妇,俺也就没心事啦。”<br />
<br />
When I returned to Man Yugui's home, his 76-year-old father panted and said to me: "There were also people who proposed marriage to Yugui in the early years. After they inquired, they found there were many brothers so they gave up. In recent years, some people also proposed marriage. After they knew we didn’t have a house, they gave up. The older brother didn’t find a wife, so the younger brother also didn’t do that. Both of them missed good timing... Now we are free from worries of money, so I plan to build many houses for them to marry a daughter-in-law. After that, I have nothing on my mind."<br />
<br />
对面是老六的新房。那是沙漠里的一片绿洲,那是一座不会幻灭的“海市蜃楼”！<br />
<br />
Opposite was the sixth child's new house. It was an oasis in the desert, a mirage that will not be disillusioned!<br />
<br />
新房是一个诱人的红火的世界。顶棚上裱着粉红色的花纸,坑上放着火红花被。屋子里到处都是“花”:花瓶里插着的,镜子上挂着的,塑料花盆里“开”着的, 还有缝纫机上蒙着的……玻璃板下压着小夫妻到大连旅游结婚留下的合影。有一幅是在圆明园“创造世界”的石碑下照的。新房充满了温馨的气息。<br />
<br />
The new house was an attractive red world. The ceiling was plastered with pink flower paper, and red flower quilts were placed on the heatable brick bed. There were "flowers" everywhere in the house: those put in vases, those hanging on mirrors, those blooming in plastic flowerpots, and those covered on sewing machines... Under the glass plate were photos of this young couple traveling to Dalian for marriage. One was taken under the stone tablet of Creating the World in Yuanmingyuan. The new house was full of warmth.<br />
<br />
新媳妇从山上回来了,她粗壮,健康,圆圆的脸盘,双眼皮,长得很喜相,而且, 她的腹部已经微微隆起……<br />
<br />
The new daughter-in-law came back from the mountain. She was thick and healthy, with a round and endearing face and double eyelids. Her belly had slightly bulged...<br />
<br />
她走进了这个家庭,不但实现了一个“人”的个性的和谐与完美,也给这个濒于破灭的家庭带来了生气和活力。<br />
<br />
When she entered this family, she not only realized the harmony and perfection of a human personality, but also brought vitality to this shattered family.<br />
<br />
新媳妇在炕前叠着从院里收回的一堆衣服,不时用目光瞟一下陌生的客人。<br />
<br />
She was folding a pile of clothes got from the courtyard in front of their heatable brick bed, and glanced at strange guests from time to time.<br />
<br />
而满玉贵站在门外,一直没有踏进这个“世界”,也从不看他的弟媳一眼,只顾闷头抽着烟。阳光下,他的脸有几分涨红。<br />
<br />
Man Yugui stood outside the door, never set foot in this world, never looked at his sister-in-law, and he only smoked. In the sun, his face turned a little red.<br />
<br />
他站在幸福的门外,<br />
<br />
He stood outside the door of happiness,<br />
<br />
丢掉了钥匙。<br />
<br />
lost the key.<br />
<br />
他在等待着,<br />
<br />
He was waiting,<br />
<br />
寻找钥匙的人归来……<br />
<br />
waiting for the one who looked for the key returned...<br />
<br />
姊妹们<br />
<br />
Sisters<br />
<br />
——关于女性的尊严<br />
<br />
—About the Dignity of Women<br />
<br />
这是在著名的“金城天府”招远县城里,一个“姊妹理发店”的招牌,受委屈似的挂在凹进去的街面上。<br />
<br />
This is in Zhaoyuan County, the famous Jincheng Tianfu. The signboard of Sister Barber Shop hung on the crooked street as if it felt wronged.<br />
<br />
这招牌引起我的好奇心:“这是农村来的个体户吧?”<br />
<br />
This signboard aroused my curiosity: "Is this a self-employed person from the countryside?"<br />
<br />
陪同我的同志神秘地朝我摆摆手:“别提它了!”<br />
<br />
The comrade accompanying me mysteriously waved his hand to me: "Don't mention this!"<br />
<br />
“怎么回事?”<br />
<br />
"What's going on?"<br />
<br />
“不正经……卖淫。”<br />
<br />
"This is monkey business... prostitution."<br />
<br />
“这不会!”我不知为什么一下子就站在她们的立场上,“光天化日之下,怎么可能呢?再说有街道,有公安。”<br />
<br />
"Impossible!" I didn't know why I suddenly stood in their position. "How is it possible in broad daylight? Besides, there are streets and police."<br />
<br />
“街上都这么说。”<br />
<br />
"That's what all people say."<br />
<br />
“你见过吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have you seen it?"<br />
<br />
“没有。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“我们下午去理理发吧!”<br />
<br />
"Let's have a haircut this afternoon!"<br />
<br />
“不 我不去。”<br />
<br />
"No, I won't go."<br />
<br />
下午,我们还是一起去了。但陪同我的同志跨进姊妹理发店时的神色是紧张的,还下意识地回身看了一下是否有熟人瞧见。<br />
<br />
In the afternoon, we still go there together. But the comrade who accompanied me looked nervous when he stepped into this barber shop, and subconsciously turned around to see if any acquaintances had seen him.<br />
<br />
屋里的理发设施一应俱全。墙上挂着《大众电影》《大众电视》《人民文学》和一些小人书。长案上放着一些摇铃、汽车、吹塑动物等儿童玩具,长案下面还放着一些雨伞。经营者的慧心可鉴。<br />
<br />
Hairdressing facilities were available in the house. There were ''Popular Movies'', ''Popular TV'', ''People's Literature'' and some linked pictures hanging on the wall. There were children's toys such as bells, cars and blow mold animals on the long desk, and umbrellas under tit. The operators' wisdom can be learned.<br />
<br />
三姊妹身穿白色的工作服,正忙于刀剪声中。她们的年龄在16至25岁之间。 都生得白皙、苗条。老大温柔、沉静,烫着“波浪式老二留着“波卷式”,看得出性格比较活泼、伶俐;老三是“青年式”,嘴角上含着一股刚强之气。她们的目光一直低垂着,里面藏着沉重的东西。<br />
<br />
Dressed in white overalls, the three sisters were busy with the sound of knives and scissors. They were between 16 and 25 years old and were all fair-skinned and slim. The eldest was gentle, quiet, with wavy hair, and the second had shag hairstyle, which showed that she was lively and clever; The third had short hair, with an air of confidence on the corners of her mouth. Their eyes have been lowered, with heavy things hidden inside.<br />
<br />
大姐理完了一个,淡淡地望了我ー下,那就是她的语言了。我过去坐定后,主动和她搭讪:<br />
<br />
The oldest sister finished cutting one’ hair and looked at me gently. That was her language. After I went to sit down, I took the initiative to chat up her:<br />
<br />
“你们是从哪里来的?”<br />
<br />
"Where do you come from?"<br />
<br />
“陈家沙埠。”她很矜持。<br />
<br />
"Chenjia shabu." She was very reserved.<br />
<br />
“家里几口人?”<br />
<br />
"How many people are there in the family?"<br />
<br />
“七 口。”<br />
<br />
"Seven."<br />
<br />
“分了多少责任田?”<br />
<br />
"How many fields you are responsible for are divided?"<br />
<br />
“三亩。”<br />
<br />
"Three mu."<br />
<br />
“种地怎么办?”<br />
<br />
"What about farming?"<br />
<br />
“农忙了回去。”<br />
<br />
"When it is busy for farming, we’ll come back."<br />
<br />
“吃饭呢?”<br />
<br />
"What about meals?"<br />
<br />
“原来从家里带,现在买着吃。”<br />
<br />
"We used to bring them from home and buy them now."<br />
<br />
“住在哪里呢?”<br />
<br />
"Where do you live?"<br />
<br />
她乜了一眼镜子里的我,冷冷地:“城里。”便垂下眼皮,不愿再回答我的问话。<br />
<br />
She squinted at me in the mirror and said coldly, "In the city." She then lowered her eyelids and refused to answer my question.<br />
<br />
姑娘,你不要误解了文学,生活走到哪里,文学就跟到哪里。它愿做每ー个生 命的守护神,为她艰难的跋涉喊一声号子,为她暗夜的寻觅送ー支烛光。姑娘,愿 意向我打开你的心扉吗?<br />
<br />
Girl, don't misunderstand literature. Wherever life goes, literature will follow. It is willing to be the patron saint of every life, sing a work song for her difficult trek, and send a candlelight for her search in the dark night. Girl, would you like to open your heart to me?<br />
<br />
姑娘的名字叫郝朝霞,两个妹妹叫郝彩霞和郝丽霞。这是霞光一样美丽的名 字,却落在一个贫穷的村庄里。干部走马灯似的换了一茬又一茬,到如今村里一个工副业项目也没有。队里规定:凡是劳动カ都得向大队交费用。男劳力每年交二百,女劳力每年交一百（这和那些商品生产发展比较好的大队,给予农田补贴形成了鲜明的对比）。她们家欠着队里600多元的账,郝朝霞初中毕业后,只得辍学回村,跟着当理发员的父亲学起了理发……<br />
<br />
The girl's name is Hao Zhaoxia, and her two sisters are Hao Caixia and Hao Lixia. They are beautiful names like twilight colors, but these girls lived in a poor village. Officials have changed one after another, and now there is no sideline project in the village. It was stipulated in the production team that all laborers had to pay fees to the team. Male laborers paid 200 yuan a year, while female laborers paid 100 yuan a year, which was in sharp contrast to those teams with better commodity production development and agricultural subsidies). Their family owed more than 600 yuan to the team, so Hao Zhaoxia had to drop out of school and return to the village after graduating from junior high school, and learned hairdressing with her father who was a hairdresser...<br />
<br />
“姊妹理发店”的牌子在招远县城挂起来了!那店牌牌上的字是干了一辈子理发营生的老父亲亲手写的。<br />
<br />
The signboard of Sister Barber Shop has been hung up in Zhaoyuan County! The words on the shop signboard were written by their old father who had worked as a barber all his life.<br />
<br />
农村姑娘进城办第三产业,这本身就是一种挑战,向国营企业的“铁饭碗”挑战,向传统的习俗挑战!这种挑战必然要遇到传统势力的反击。<br />
<br />
Rural girls go to the city to run the tertiary industry, which is a challenge in itself, to the "iron rice bowl" of state-owned enterprises and to traditional customs! This kind of challenge is bound to meet the counterattack of traditional authorities.<br />
<br />
她们按照美的原则去修剪着生活,而生活却把丑恶推到她们面前——<br />
<br />
They trimmed life according to the principle of beauty, but life pushes ugliness before them.<br />
<br />
一群喝醉了酒的青工晚上闯进来,视这些农民的女儿如手心玩物,口出秽言; 一个心怀叵测的人把一张纸条塞给姑娘,约她幽会;捕风捉影的谣言随之而起……<br />
<br />
A group of drunken young workers broke in at night, treating these farmers' daughters as playthings and uttering filthy words. A person with sinister motives stuffed a note to a girl and asked her to meet secretly. Then people put two and two together and made five...<br />
<br />
在中国,有什么比这种道德的飞短流长更能置人于死地?有人要把无形的裹布重新缠到她们脚上。<br />
<br />
In China, what can kill people more than spreading embroidered stories and malicious gossip of them in terms of morals? Someone wanted to wrap the invisible cloth around their feet again.<br />
<br />
这个小小的理发店,离县政府并不远。但愿妇联、共青团的目光早日注意到她们!<br />
<br />
This small barber shop was not far from the county government. I hoped the All-China Women's Federation and the Communist Youth League will notice them as soon as possible!<br />
<br />
临别时我对她们说:“你们可以把土地转让出去,专一在城里从事这项工作,还可以在城里买地皮、盖楼房,理直气壮地生活!”她们不时地发问:“这行吗? 行吗?”<br />
<br />
When I left, I said to them: "You can transfer the land and do this job in the city. You can also buy land, build houses and live confidently in the city!" From time to time, they ask, "Is this feasible?"<br />
<br />
行的!扬起头来吧,姐妹们!你们已经作为先进生产力的代表,走上了历史的舞台！用你们手中的剪刀,去剪断传统束缚在你们身上的绳索。这是新的妇女运动史！在韧性的抗争中,取得你们的自尊、自强、自重、自爱！<br />
<br />
Sure! Raise your head, sisters! As representatives of advanced productive forces, you have stepped onto the stage of history! Use the scissors in your hands to cut the ropes that are traditionally bound to you. This is the new history of women's campaign! In the struggle of resilience, you gain your self-esteem, self-improvement, self-respect and self-love!<br />
<br />
女性的尊严,在你们自身的创造之中！<br />
<br />
The dignity of women is in your own creation!<br />
<br />
夫妻们<br />
<br />
Couples<br />
<br />
——关于夫妻关系<br />
<br />
—About the relationship between husband and wife<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系一:蘑菇,开门吧!）<br />
<br />
(Relationship one: Mushroom, open the door!)<br />
<br />
他,姜希增,腰里掖上一头“猪”,千里迢迢去山西原平农学院找一位李教授。 他在《中国青年》上看到李教授关于食用猴头菌可以抑制癌症的文章,专程去拜师——他的父亲和祖母都是因为癌症过世的。<br />
<br />
He, Jiang Xizeng, tied a pig to his waist and set out on the long trek to Shanxi Yuanping Agricultural College to find a professor Li. He read Professor Li's article about eating Hericium erinaceus to inhibit cancer in China Youth, so he made a special trip to formally acknowledge him as his master, for his father and grandmother both died of cancer.<br />
<br />
他从山西买回了菌种,他回家来搞的试验却失败了。<br />
<br />
He bought the strain from Shanxi, but the experiment at home failed.<br />
<br />
妻子史春芝犯了胃溃疡,在炕上一边哼哼一边抱怨:“家里穷得连饭都吃不上, 你把一头猪胡摆治了……”<br />
<br />
His wife, Shi Chunzhi, committed a gastric ulcer and complained while humming on the heatable brick bed: "We are too poor to eat food, but you should waste a pig..."<br />
<br />
姜希增一肚子火气正没处出,吼了一声:“老娘儿们家就会穷叨叨！”<br />
<br />
Jiang Xizeng found nowhere to give vent to his anger, so he yelled: "You old pussy chatters like a magpie!"<br />
<br />
这使史春芝大为伤心,她本来就满肚子委屈。当初和他结婚,那是冲他在外面“吃国库粮”,指望跟他“跳农门”,上大城市。1961年工厂下马,他捧着个“光荣证”回了乡。混不上吃,混不上穿,每年靠一位吃薪金的叔叔捎包旧衣裳、补贴20块钱接济。两口子每有龃龉,史春芝总少不了一句传统骂语:“当初俺上了你 的当!”<br />
<br />
This made Shi Chunzhi very sad. She was already full of grievances. She married him because he had urban household registration, and she expected to get rid of the identity of a farmer with him and go to a big city. In 1961, when the factory was closed, he returned to his hometown with a Certificate of Honor. He can’t make both ends meet, so he relied on an uncle who had salary to take old clothes and subsidize 20 yuan every year. Every time the couple had disagreements, Shi Chunzhi always cursed him out: "I was taken in by you at the beginning!"<br />
<br />
每听到这里,姜希增都不再吱声,好像这桩婚姻完全是由于他的骗局造成的。<br />
<br />
Every time he heard this, he stopped speaking, as if his scam was the culprit of their marriage.<br />
<br />
他想再去一趟山西,却筹集不起路费。<br />
<br />
He wanted to go to Shanxi again, but he couldn't afford the travelling expenses.<br />
<br />
后来听说莱阳农学院也有微生物课程,便瞒着老婆骑上自行车去了,在学校大门口见人就拦:“哪个老师教微生物?管种蘑菇?”<br />
<br />
Later, he heard that Laiyang Agricultural College also had microbiology courses, so he rode his bicycle without telling his wife. He stopped everyone he saw at the gate of this college: "Which teacher teaches microbiology and know how to plant mushrooms?"<br />
<br />
史春芝一天没有见到丈夫,心中好生纳闷,待傍晚看到他又傻呵呵带着ー些菌种回来时,ー赌气关上了房门。<br />
<br />
Shi Chunzhi didn't see her husband for a day, so she was puzzled. When she saw him come back with some strains with an air of idiocy in the evening, she closed the door in anger.<br />
<br />
“他妈,开门吧!”<br />
<br />
"My wife, open the door!"<br />
<br />
没有吱声,和旧生活告别的夜晚是凄冷的。<br />
<br />
There was no reply. The night of saying goodbye to the old life is chilly.<br />
<br />
“蘑菇,开门吧!”<br />
<br />
"Mushroom, open the door!"<br />
<br />
蘑菇向他把门敞开了!他在室内试种了 20平方米的蘑菇,获得了可喜的 收成!<br />
<br />
Mushrooms opened the door to him! He planted experimentally 20 square meters of mushrooms indoors and got a gratifying harvest!<br />
<br />
姜希增又拿出半亩责任田来种植他的理想。1983年收入9000斤蘑菇,纯收入5000多元;菌种收入3000多元。还有个收益是老婆的变化,她的胃溃疡竟然吃蘑菇吃好了,脾气也变好了。<br />
<br />
Jiang Xizeng took out half a mu of farmland he was responsible for to plant his ideal. In 1983, he harvested 4,500 kg of mushrooms, and the net income was more than 5,000 yuan. The income of strains was more than 3,000 yuan. Another benefit was the change of his wife. Her gastric ulcer was cured by eating mushrooms and her temper has improved.<br />
<br />
现在姜希增是胶东有名的“蘑菇状元”。他不仅在本村带起了十几个专业户, 还搞“技术输出”,应邀到各地做技术指导,光缴学费的学生就有60多人。<br />
<br />
Now Jiang Xizeng is a famous "mushroom champion" in Jiaodong. He not only nurtured more than a dozen specialists in the village, but also exported technology. He was invited to give technical guidance in various places. More than 60 students paid tuition fees alone.<br />
<br />
“他出去跑,家里这ー摊子就揭给我!”史春芝爽快地对我说。<br />
<br />
"He went to other places, and I'm in charge of business at home!" Shi Chunzhi said to me readily.<br />
<br />
“你会吗?”<br />
<br />
"Do you know how to stay in business?"<br />
<br />
“看也看会了！过去我不是反对他,是对经济不放心。孩子还上学,拉下饥荒怎么办?现在他花3000多块钱买设备,我都不说他……”<br />
<br />
"I have been seeing him do this for a long time! In the past, I was not against him, but worried about money. Our children are still in school, so what should we do if we are in debt? Now he spends more than 3,000 yuan to buy equipment, but I don't even blame him..."<br />
<br />
姜希增自得地坐在“生当作人杰,死亦为鬼雄”的诗联下,他不但敲开了致富之门,也在“拜师”的热潮中得到了一种精神的满足,一种人格和道德的完善。现在他反过来挑剔着妻子:“老娘儿们家眼光就是短浅,光认钱。有几个钱,又烧得慌,要给孩子做’将军服’,你怎么不做个’元帅服’、做个蟒袍玉带?老百姓要穿老百姓服!”<br />
<br />
Jiang Xizeng sat proudly under the poetic couplet of "Be man of men while you're alive, And soul of souls if you're dead." He not only knocks on the door to be successful, but also gets spiritual satisfaction and personality and moral perfection in the upsurge of "taking others as their teacher". Now he is critical of his wife in turn: "You old ladies are short-sighted and only pay attention to money. If you have money, it will burn a hole in your pocket, and you want to make a general uniform for your children. Why don't you make a marshal uniform and an emperor’s uniform? Ordinary people should wear ordinary people's clothes!"<br />
<br />
史春芝像个少女似的,嗔怪地瞧他一眼:“就你能!”把一杯浓茶摆到他面 前……<br />
<br />
Shi Chunzhi looked at him like a girl, and rebuked: "You are too arrogant!" And she put a cup of strong tea before him...<br />
<br />
商品生产调节了这个家庭的夫妻关系,虽然它不免带一点“夫贵妻荣”的封建 色彩,但毕竟是靠自己的劳动换来的和谐和荣耀!<br />
<br />
Commodity production adjusts the relationship between husband and wife in this family. Although it inevitably has feudalism of "when husband is rich, his wife is proud", it is harmony and glory exchanged by one's own labor after all!<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系二:空中丝绸之路）<br />
<br />
(Relationship two: Silk Road in the air)<br />
<br />
我在牟平龙泉乡访问了一对年轻夫妇,他们乘坐飞机到西藏销售服装,开辟空中“丝绸之路”,充满了传奇色彩。这不仅意味着他们的时间观念和生活方式的改变,其中还包含着一种象征:新一代农民在起飞。<br />
<br />
I visited a young couple in Longquan Township, Muping. They flew to Tibet to sell clothes by taking a plane so as to blaze a Silk Road in the air, which was full of legends. This means not only the change of their concept of time and lifestyle, but also a symbol: a new generation of farmers is becoming better.<br />
<br />
小媳妇叫于政芳,今年23岁,她已经不甘于母亲那样的生活一把一双脚用 布裹起来,一生厮守着锅台和鸡窝。首先在“终身大事”上,她就挨弃了 “媒妁之言,父母之命”的旧传统。<br />
<br />
The wife was Yu Zhengfang, 23 years old. She was unwilling to live like her mother who wrapped her feet in cloth and stayed with kitchen and chicken coops all her life. First of all, in the lifelong important event, she abandoned the old tradition of an arranged marriage.<br />
<br />
从我记事起,村里就有一些不断翻新的有关婚俗的儿歌:“小嫂小嫂快快长,长大了跟村长,穿皮鞋嘎嘎响……”“ー个兜的靠边站,两个兜的看ー看,三个兜的叫爹也干!”发展到近来已是:“收音机带相片儿（电视）,缝纫机带锁边儿,自行车带冒烟儿,手表带跑星期天儿。”这些儿歌虽不能登大雅之堂,却在某种程度上反映了经济变化对人们婚姻观的影响。<br />
<br />
As far as I can remember, there have been some children's songs about marriage customs that are constantly being changed in the village: "Little sister-in-law grows up quickly so that you can go with the village head who wears rattling leather shoes..." "People with one pocket stand aside, two pockets can be thought of, and three pockets can even be called daddy!" Recently, it has been: "Radios with pictures (TV), sewing machines with overlocking function, bicycles with smoke (motorcycle), watches with Sunday (day-date watches)." Although these children's songs can't be elegant, they reflect the influence of economic changes on people's marriage views to some extent.<br />
<br />
而今,姑娘们在寻找发展商品生产中涌现出来的能人。于政芳就是几年前到威海给包工的农民做饭时,认识了“工头”吕宝帅,主动求爱的。<br />
<br />
Nowadays, girls are looking for talented people emerging in the process of the development of commodity production. Yu Zhengfang met Lyu Baoshuai, a labor contractor, and took the initiative to woo him when she went to Weihai to cook for migrant workers a few years ago.<br />
<br />
我第一次去吕宝帅家访问,夫妇双双去温州做生意去了,只有外公带着小燕妮（看来他们还是崇拜马克思的）在家看门。<br />
<br />
When I visited Lyu Baoshuai's home for the first time, both husband and wife went to Wenzhou to do business. Only the grandfather took care of little Yanni (It seemed that they still worshiped Marx) and acted as a doorkeeper.<br />
<br />
我第二次访问见到了于政芳。她上着粉红色的确良夏衫,下着乳白色的百褶裙,坐在折叠椅上。而炕头上横着一个一米多长的老式大枕头。<br />
<br />
I met Yu Zhengfang on my second visit. She wore a pink Dacron summer shirt and a milky white pleated skirt, sitting on a folding chair. On the heatable brick bed was an old-fashioned pillow more than one meter long.<br />
<br />
挺秀气、时髦的一个姑娘,一张口却不时显露出粗野——她保留着祖辈传下来的一些语汇:“驴XX进的”“妈拉个腿儿”……而一提及夫妻关系,她总是说成“老婆汉子”。<br />
<br />
She was very delicate and fashionable, but when she spoke something, her rudeness could be seen from time to time. She spoke some vocabularies handed down from her ancestors like motherfucker, son of a bitch... and when it comes to the relationship between husband and wife, she always says "man and wife".<br />
<br />
她讲起坐飞机的感受:“真舒服呀！开始上升的时候难受一阵儿,飞平了什么也觉不出来。云彩绒嘟嘟的,伸手就能抓住,就和画上的嫦娥奔月ー样……”乘了几个来回的飞机,她体验了“嫦娥奔月”和“仙女下凡”的滋味。上百元一张的飞机票,节省了14天的时间,这是他们的父辈所不具有的时间价值观。<br />
<br />
She talked about the feeling of taking a plane: "It's so comfortable! When the plane started to rise, I felt uncomfortable, but I couldn't feel anything when it flew flat. Clouds are velvet, and you can catch them with your hand, just like the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon in the painting..." After several round-trip planes, she experienced "Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" and "Fairy going down to earth". A plane ticket hundreds of yuan saved 14 days, which was a time value that their parents did not have.<br />
<br />
“死了也闭眼了,不光坐了飞机,还坐了大轮船!”她说着,拿出一本大相册,那上面有他们在各地的留影:有的在布达拉宫,有的在西湖苏堤,有的在上海南京路, 有的在天柱峰……那全是用自己的照相机照的,他们过着旅游式的生活。从这些相片上可以看出一个农村姑娘的演变,由“炊帚把”到烫着披肩发;由粗布衣到时髦裙装……她自豪地说:“就差香港和台湾没去了！”我看到茶盘里堆着些废车票, 那是没有人给他们报销的。<br />
<br />
"It’s worth dying for taking a plane and a ship!" While she said, she took out a big photo album with pictures of them in various places: some in Potala Palace, some in Su Di of West Lake, some in Nanjing Road of Shanghai, and some in Tianzhu Peak … They were all taken with their own camera, and they lived a tourist life. From these photos, we can see the evolution of a rural girl, from flyaway hair to curly hair and from coarse cloth to fashionable skirt... She proudly said: "We only have not gone Hong Kong and Taiwan!" I saw some old tickets piled up in the tea tray, which can’t be reimbursed.<br />
<br />
“现在还去西藏吗?”<br />
<br />
"Are you still going to Tibet?"<br />
<br />
“不去了,最后一趟让人坑了一下子。”她不愿讲被“坑”的详情,也不讲丈夫出差去了哪里,忽然对着外屋喊了声:“凯乐!”（那是印度故事影片《奴里》中一条狗的名字）接着一条大黄狗欢跳着跑进来。这个农民的女儿剥开一块价值两盒火柴的金纸奶糖,向空中一丢,大黄狗熟练地ー下咬到嘴里,甜甜地嚼起来。她接着又剥开了第二块……<br />
<br />
"No, some people cheated us in our last trip." She didn't want to tell the details of being cheated or where her husband went on a business trip. Suddenly, she shouted to the outhouse: "Khairoo!" (That's the name of a dog in the Indian feature film Noorie). Then a big yellow dog jumps in happily. This farmer's daughter peeled off a piece of toffee wrapped with gold paper worth two boxes of matches and threw it into the air. The dog skillfully bit it into her mouth and chewed this sweet food. She then peeled off a second piece...<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系三:青烟升处有人家）<br />
<br />
(Relationship 3: There are people in a place where smoke is curling upward)<br />
<br />
1983年冬月,邢春香去江苏金湖县农机厂看望当临时工的儿子,这是她第一次出远门。<br />
<br />
In the winter of 1983, Xing Chunxiang went to Jinhu County Agricultural Machinery Factory in Jiangsu Province to visit her son who worked as a temporary worker. This was her first time to travel to a distant place.<br />
<br />
她在那里看到橡胶车间全是女工,活儿不累,也挺赚钱,设备只是ー个压力板和一个小烘炉。<br />
<br />
She saw that the rubber workshop was full of women workers there. It was easy to work and make money. The equipment was just a pressure plate and a small oven.<br />
<br />
邢春香带了几个橡胶制品回来,和老头子肖振竹商量:“咱办个家庭工厂吧。” 老头子摇摇头说:“上哪弄资金?”邢春香说:“现在兴贷款,挣了再还!”老头子又愁销路,邢春香说:“孩子有个干爹跑供销,能帮忙。再说一回生,两回熟,三回成了老主顾。”老头子还愁没技术,邢春香说:“咱儿子就能当老师!”<br />
<br />
Xing Chunxiang brought back some rubber products and discussed with his husband Xiao Zhenzhu: "Let's set up a family factory." The old man shook his head and said, "Where can we get the money?" Xing said: "Now it’s popular to loan money from a bank, we can pay it back after we earn money!" The old man was worried about the selling line again. Xing Chunxiang said, "Our child’s godfather working in supply and marketing can help. Besides, difficult the first time, easy the second. We become regular customers the third time." The old man still worried that they didn’t have the know-how, but Xing said: "Our son can be a teacher!"<br />
<br />
经过一番筹措、铺排,第一批货出厂不久,嘎嚇嚇的票子就汇过来了,这一下小山村轰动了!村里大闺女、小媳妇、壮小伙子都争着来当“工人”。现在这位老嫂子自命为“经理”,讲话满口新名词儿:<br />
<br />
After arrangement and preparation, the first batch of goods was produced from the factory, and a hefty sum of money was remitted, which caused a sensation in the small mountain village! Girls, wives and strong young men in the village were all vying to be workers. Now the old woman called herself manager, and her speech is full of new terms:<br />
<br />
“眼时咱体制小,用不了这么多人,资金也流动不开。<br />
<br />
"Now we have a small system, so we don’t need so many people so that we can make money flow."<br />
<br />
“这一次生产的都是汽车、火车上用的橡胶制品,销北京汽车装配公司,天津宏 光五金厂、吉林铁路上、银川刚拉上关系……跑外都是我,采胶得上远地,沈阳、天津……老头子从来没出过门,打怯……<br />
<br />
"This time, all the rubber products produced are used in cars and trains. They are sold to Beijing Automobile Assembly Company, Tianjin Hongguang Hardware Factory and Jilin Railway. We just pulled wires with companies in Yinchuan... I am in charge of doing business outside, and I have to buy rubber far away, like Shenyang, Tianjin... My husband has never been on a long journey, so he is timid...<br />
<br />
“说起来我进这家20来年了,连个悖悖也吃不上,光吃地瓜。一年分三四十斤小麦,不够来客的,有一口半口好吃的,也都先尽他爷们儿……”<br />
<br />
"I have married him for over 20 years, but I can't even eat a bun cake. I just eat sweet potatoes. We got thirty or forty jin of wheat a year, which is not enough for visitors. If there is a mouthful of delicious food, I’ll give it to my husband and son..."<br />
<br />
丈夫肖振竹——那个被控诉对象,在忙着做午饭,一直没有搭言。这个种庄稼能手,现在矮了半截。他作为家庭重心的时代已经结束了。<br />
<br />
Xiao Zhenzhu, the accused object, was busy cooking lunch and never spoke. This expert in planting crops is now a cut below. His time as the center of family is over.<br />
<br />
瞧这一家子<br />
<br />
Look at This Family<br />
<br />
——关于家庭内部关系<br />
<br />
—Internal Family Relations<br />
<br />
今天,以血缘关系和传统伦理道德维系着的农村家庭,正接受着新文明浪潮的冲击,正悄悄地产生着一些微妙的变化。<br />
<br />
Today, rural families, which are maintained by blood relationship and traditional ethics, are impacted by the new civilization tide and are quietly undergoing some subtle changes.<br />
<br />
这一家子是掖县徐家公社原家大队人。全家13口人,成员构成是4个儿子、3个儿媳、1个女儿、2个孙子、1个孙女,加上老两口。按常规,这个大家庭将面临分家的边缘,家长们也只能靠伦理观念和封建的家长权威来调节儿女妣姓之间的矛盾。<br />
<br />
This family is from the Yuan brigade of Xu Commune in Ye County. There are 13 people in the whole family, including 4 sons, 3 daughters-in-law, 1 daughter, 2 grandsons, 1 granddaughter, and the parents. Normally, this big family will face the division of possessions, and parents can only rely on ethical concepts and feudal parental authority to mediate contradictions among their children and sisters-in-law.<br />
<br />
1983年初,54岁的原成芳老汉为了给家中的劳力找出路,办了个家庭塑料厂。<br />
<br />
At the beginning of 1983, 54-year-old Yuan Chengfang set up a family plastic factory in order to find direction in life for laborers in his family.<br />
<br />
老汉和老伴商量:“队上办厂子为什么跨了?就是没有章程,整天打打吵吵,最后只剩下个空房子。”老伴说:“都是自己家里的人,定不定规矩不要紧。”老汉说: “那不行,丑话头里说。现在不定,以后出了问题再定就晚了。”<br />
<br />
The old man discussed with his wife: "Why did the brigade’s factory go bankrupt? Because there is no charter, and fighting and noises are on all day. Finally there is only an empty house left." His wife said: "They are all people in their own family. It doesn't matter if you decide the rules." The old man said, "Let me speak frankly, that won't work. If we don’t set rules now, it will be too late when something goes wrong in the future."<br />
<br />
晚上,老汉召集家庭会议:<br />
<br />
In the evening, the old man held a family meeting:<br />
<br />
“中央叫咱致富,咱得给政府壮壮脸,咱这个工厂要办就办好!现在竞争这么厉害,没有个章法不行,第一条咱得有个厂长!”<br />
<br />
"The central government asks us to be successful, so we should live up to its expectations. If we decide to set up a factory, we should do it well! Now the competition is so fierce, it won’t work if there is no rule. The first one is that we should have a factory director!"<br />
<br />
当然,没有人敢和老汉竞选,儿女们只觉得新鲜有趣,忍俊不禁举手通过了“爹厂长”。<br />
<br />
Of course, no one dared to run against the old man, and the children only thought it novel and interesting, so they couldn't help raising their hands and approved the proposal.<br />
<br />
老汉说:“好,我是厂长了,就按工厂的条条办。麻雀虽小,五脏俱全,下面我来给你们分分工……”<br />
<br />
The old man said, "OK, I'm the factory director now, so I'll manage it according to the rules of the factory. Even a fly has its spleen. Let me assign tasks..."<br />
<br />
这位“厂长爹”的分工是颇有心计的:大儿子兼会计;闺女兼考勤员;老四负责生产调度和质量检查、现金保管——他没成家,没有私心;老汉兼管技术和供销;老伴管“后勤”。8个劳力,分四班倒,6小时一班,每班有定额。媳妇、姑娘工资制, 每月25元,这是搽胭脂、抹粉钱,年底再分红。坚持考勤制度,迟到1分钟扣半天工资,超过5分钟扣1天工资……<br />
<br />
The factory director was quite calculating: the eldest son was an accountant; the daughter was responsible for attendance; the fourth child was responsible for production scheduling, quality inspection, and the custody of cash—he didn’t start a family, so he had no selfish motives; the old man was in charge of technology, supply and marketing; his wife was in charge of logistics. There were 8 laborers, which were divided into four shifts and they worked a 6-hour shift, with a quota for each shift. Daughters-in-law and his daughter can receive 25 yuan salary every month, which was for them to but rouge and powder, and they would have dividends at the end of the year. According to the attendance system, half-a-day salary will be deducted for being late for 1 minute, and one-day salary for more than 5 minutes...<br />
<br />
章程订出来了,全“厂”通过,大红纸一写,贴在迎门墙上。<br />
<br />
The charter was established, and everyone approved it. It was written in red paper and posted on the entrance wall.<br />
<br />
大媳妇娘家是珍珠乡大辛台人,来去30里。一次回娘家,她晚回来10分钟罚去了1天工资。大媳妇第二次回娘家,撇下已经下到锅里的饺子,一身大汗地蹬着车子赶回来。<br />
<br />
The eldest daughter-in-law was from Daxintai, Pearl Township, which was 30 miles away. Once she went back to her parents’ home, she came back 10 minutes late and was fined one day's salary. When she went back to her parents’ home for the second time, she left the dumplings that had been put into the pot, and pedaled back in a sweat.<br />
<br />
我去这个家庭工厂访问时,他们已被评为“五好家庭”,女儿原素玮被评为“好小姑”。<br />
<br />
When I visited this family factory, they had been rated as Five Virtues Family and the daughter Yuan Suwei was rated as Good Husband's Younger Sister.<br />
<br />
我问这位“好小姑”：“你和你嫂子那么好,替她多干一会儿不行吗?干吗要罚呢?”<br />
<br />
I asked her, "You and your sister-in-law have a good relationship, can't you work for her for a while? Why do you fine her for her late?"<br />
<br />
“好玄！这个嫂子误一会儿,那个嫂子误一会儿,还不把我累死!”<br />
<br />
"Your idea is strange! If this sister-in-law is late, and that sister-in-law is late, I’ll be exhausted!"<br />
<br />
他们不是在人为地创造戏剧。商品生产迫使他们走向社会。在过去从事集体生产时,家庭成员之间的经济关系,基本是在消费领域中。消费和传统的伦理家教,成为联结家庭的两个纽带。现在家庭成了一个独立的生产单位,他们不光用生产者的观点考虑问题了,还要从经营者的角度考虑技术、信息、市场,他们需要提高效率,提高竞争能力。在时间观念上,他们不能再像过去那样只分春夏秋冬,或者含糊地“吃顿饭的工夫”“抽袋烟的工夫”。家庭成员之间不仅有直接生产的关系, 还有交换劳动和交换产品的关系,甚至竞争关系!家庭成员之间的分配关系随着生产方式的改变也在发生着变化!他们像艘古老的小船驶出平静的港湾,迎着波涛向彼岸驶去,船上全体人员需要的不是固守那些陈旧的道德规范,而是要务尽职 能,变成一个协同一致的集体、奋力如一的整体,当巨轮迎面开过,涌起的惊涛要将它吞没时,它可以迅速地调转船头,驶向新的海域。<br />
<br />
They're not artificially creating drama. Commodity production forces them to go to society. In the past, when they engaged in collective production, the economic relationship among family members basically lied in the field of consumption. Consumption and traditional ethical tutoring have become two ties connecting families. Now the family has become an independent production unit. Family members not only consider problems from the producer's point of view, but also consider technology, information and market from the operator's point of view. They need to improve efficiency and competitiveness. In the concept of time, they can no longer divide time into spring, summer, autumn and winter as in the past, or vaguely into the time when eating a meal and the time when having a cigarette. There is not only a direct production relationship among family members, but also a relationship of exchanging labor and products, and even a competitive relationship! The distribution relationship among family members is also changing with the change of production mode! They sailed out of the calm harbor like an old boat, sailed to the other shore against the waves. What all the crew on board need is not to stick to the old moral norms, but to do their duty to unite together. When the huge boat passes head-on and the surging waves are going to engulf it, it can quickly turn its bow and sail to a new sea area.<br />
<br />
第六章宁海镇的共产党人<br />
<br />
Chapter 6 Communists in Ninghai Town<br />
<br />
你见过罗丹的雕塑《思想者》吗?<br />
<br />
Have you ever seen Rodin's sculpture ''The Thinker''?<br />
<br />
他赤裸着身子,肌腱隆起,头颅被思想压得低垂下来。他精神专注而严峻,你感到他是在做自身和人类命运的思考。由于思想,你感到他生命内涵的力量。<br />
<br />
He is naked, with strong tendons, and his head hangs down under the pressure of thoughts. He has focused mind a stern face, and you feel that he is thinking about himself and human destiny. Because of thought, you feel the power of his life connotation.<br />
<br />
现在坐在我对面的,是宁海镇年轻的镇委书记谢玉堂。他中等身材,略胖,浓浓的黑发呈“剑拔弩张”之势,目光兼有敦厚和睿智,举止老练持重,颇有处变不惊的大将风度。在和我交谈的间歇,不时陷入一种沉静的思索之中,那沉静中蕴含着一种激烈的奔腾。<br />
<br />
Sitting opposite me now is Xie Yutang, the young secretary of Ninghai Town Committee. He is of medium height, slightly fat, with thick black hair showing commanding presence. He is sophisticated with honest and wise eyes, like a composed general. In between conversations with me, he fell into silent thinking from time to time, and there was passion in the silence.<br />
<br />
时代把才华和命题同时给予了这位农民的儿子,他热爱生活,热爱土地。借十一届三中全会的东风,他“壮士不下马”,带领全镇人民四年跨出四大步。1978年宁海镇的工副业项目仅有20多个,现在已发展到800多个。1984年全镇总收入将达到一个亿！——宁海镇人提前16年翻两番！在我国北方,这可能算得上佼佼者！<br />
<br />
The times gave the farmer's son talent and questions, who loved life and land at the same time. Taking advantage of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, he worked hard to lead the people of the whole town to take four big steps in four years. In 1978, there were only over 20 sideline projects in Ninghai Town, but now it has grown to over 800. In 1984, the total income of the whole town will reach 100 million yuan! People’s income in Ninghai Town quadrupled 16 years ahead of schedule! In the north of China, this may be outstanding!<br />
<br />
我把旋风一样奔忙的镇委书记拖到幽静的“风云林园”。<br />
<br />
I took the busy secretary of the town committee to the quiet "Fengyun Forest Park".<br />
<br />
风云林园也是他的政绩之一。十个林区,修起了十座样式迥异的小楼,有哥特式,有古典式,有东洋式,使古老的山区洋溢着现代化的气息。这些小楼既作为各分场的场部,还准备接待科学家、教授、画家、作家（我是第一个被接待的蹩脚作家）。擅长书法的市委书记王济夫挥毫为总场场部题下“风云楼”三个大字,取风起云涌之意。<br />
<br />
Fengyun Forest Park is also one of his achievements. Ten small buildings with different styles have been built in ten forest areas, including Gothic, classical and oriental styles, which makes the ancient mountainous areas look more modernized. These small buildings serve as the field departments of each field, and are also prepared to serve scientists, professors, painters and writers (I was the first bad writer to be served). Wang Jifu, secretary of the municipal party committee who is good at calligraphy, wrote the three characters "Fengyun Building" for the general field department, meaning rising wind and clouds.<br />
<br />
“山不高而秀雅,水不深而澄清,地不广而平坦,林不大而茂盛……”谢玉堂坐 在“风云楼”内的沙发上,借《三国演义》中描绘诸葛亮隐居之地的文字,自喻风云林园。这位年轻的党务工作者的气质,已远远不同于当年的老镇长、老乡长。<br />
<br />
"The mountain is not high but beautiful; the water is not deep but clear; the land is not wide but flat; the forest is not big but lush..." Xie Yutang sat on the sofa in Fengyun Building, and imitated the words depicting Zhu Geliang's seclusion in Romance of the Three Kingdoms to describe Fengyun Forest Park. The temperament of this young party worker is far different from that of the old mayor and township head.<br />
<br />
“宁海镇的变化,应归之于三中全会后三个结构的改变。”他像个理论工作者, 也像个韬略家,开始给我讲述宁海镇繁荣的奥秘。<br />
<br />
"The changes in Ninghai Town should be attributed to the changes in the three structures after the Third Plenary Session." Like a theoretical worker and a strategist, he began to tell me the mystery of Ninghai Town's prosperity.<br />
<br />
“第一是农业内部经济结构的改变。<br />
<br />
"The first one is the change of economic structure within agriculture."<br />
<br />
“中国农村的单一经济,已经走到尽头了!我上任后把65个大队做了一次全面的调查,全社人均一亩多地,城里大队才半亩地,在土地上’翻番’能翻出个什么名堂?’汉子推,老婆拉,一天能挣四毛八。‘人,这个生产力中最积极最活跃的因素,长期以来被束缚在凝固的传统经济模式里。<br />
<br />
"The single economy in rural China has come to an end! After I took office, I made a comprehensive survey of 65 brigades. The whole commune has more than one mu per capita, and the city brigade has only half a mu of land. What can we do though our goal is double the yield? "If a man pushes and his wife pulls, he can earn 48 cents a day." People, the most active factor in production, have long been bound in the unchangeable traditional economic model.<br />
<br />
“’三级所有,队为基础’在60年代初纠正‘共产风’的时候,起了积极的作用, 但是,’队为基础’对发展商品生产起了阻碍作用。土地、资产、劳力、分配,生产队是’一统天下’,外出搞副业一天挣三块、四块,得交到生产队拉平分配。生产队把劳力死死钉在土地上,要发展商品生产,不放人权,怎么发展?毛主席在《六十条》中对'队为基础’的批语是'三十年盯不变’;再按两个'凡是’的观点,'生产队’要延续到90年代。那能行吗?<br />
<br />
"'The average size of the communes was reduced to one-third of the original, and the basic accounting unit devolved from the commune to the brigade to the production team.' It played a positive role in correcting the extreme egalitarianism in the early 1960s, but the system based on the collective ownership economy of production teams hindered the development of commodity production. Land, assets, labor and distribution were all managed by the production team, and if you go out to engage in sideline business and earn three or four yuan a day, you had to hand over to the production team for equal distribution. The production team restricted labor to the land. If we want to develop commodity production without human rights, how can we develop it? Chairman Mao's comment on it in Sixty Items is "adhering to it for 30 years". According to the Two Whatevers, the form of production team should last until the 1990s. Can that work?"<br />
<br />
“随着农村责任制的落实,商品生产的发展,劳动力的重新组合,生产队的消亡就成为ー种历史的必然。<br />
<br />
"With the implementation of the rural responsibility system, the development of commodity production and the recombination of labor, the demise of the production team has become a historical necessity.<br />
<br />
“82年秋种以后,我把全公社150个生产队长召集到ー起,向他们宣布:'你们的历史使命结束了!生产队一级将从中国的地平线上永远地消失了!这些年你们带领群众立下了汗马功劳,党和人民不会忘记你们。<br />
<br />
"After the autumn planting in 1982, I summoned 150 production captains of the whole commune and announced to them: 'Your historical mission is over! The production team will disappear forever in China! Over the years, you have led the masses to make great contributions, so the party and the people will never forget you.'"<br />
<br />
“生产队的取消,突破了一个根深蒂固的传统观念——农村,就是从事农业生产的地方。解放了的生产力,在完成着自身的历史转折,从'体力型’转向'智力型’,从'农业型’转向'农工并举型’,不停地改变着农业内部的经济结构。<br />
<br />
"The cancellation of the production team breaks a deep-rooted traditional convention that countryside is a place engaged in agricultural production. The liberated productive forces are changing their own roles historically, from 'physical type' to 'intelligence type', from 'agricultural type' to 'agricultural and industrial combined type', constantly changing the internal economic structure of agriculture."<br />
<br />
“随着农业内部经济结构的改变,农村原有的知识结构就不相适应了。农民长期以来束缚在单一的知识结构里,沿袭着神农氏就有的农业知识。机械化虽然给他们带来ー些新的东西,但没有根本改变他们板结的知识土壤。过去农业的改革,都限于优良品种的调换,复种面积的增加。农民依靠四大作物创高产致富的希望, 像肥皂泡一年又一年地破灭了。现在农民把致富的希望从农业转向商品生产,他们对知识的渴求也转向了商品生产,但是他们没有条件进行专修。我们充分发挥了全镇680多名外请技工的作用,他们用新的知识、新的文化,医治历史留给农民的'贫血症’。全镇近年又开办经营管理、财会、修配、制图、机械、铸造、电器、塑料 エ艺、铝制品等42个专业培训班140余期,成千上万的农民从板结的土地上站了起来！<br />
<br />
"With the change of the internal economic structure of agriculture, the original knowledge structure in rural areas is not suitable. Farmers have been bound in a single knowledge structure for a long time, keeping agricultural knowledge alive since ancient times. Although mechanization has brought them something new, it has not fundamentally changed their knowledge structure. In the past, agricultural reform was limited to the exchange of fine varieties and the increase of sequential cropping area. Farmers' hopes of creating high yields and getting rich by relying on the four major crops have been dashed year after year like soap bubbles. Now farmers have shifted their hope of getting rich from agriculture to commodity production, and their thirst for knowledge has also shifted to commodity production, but they have no conditions to specialize in it. We give full play to the role of more than 680 skilled workers in the town, who draw on new knowledge and new culture to cure farmers' anemia left by history. In recent years, we set up 42 professional training courses in management, accounting, repair, drawing, machinery, casting, electrical appliances, plastic arts and aluminum products with more than 140 sessions in town. Thousands of farmers stood on their feet on the hardened land!"<br />
<br />
“干部的组织结构的改变,是最重要的一条。改革首先要改'火车头’,把'蒸汽机’改成'内燃机’。我刚来的时候,全镇大队一级干部,60%以上是土改和合作化时期的老同志,习惯了搞单一农业。这几年我们逐步调整了40多个班子, 改革用人制度,铁饭碗要打破,铁椅子要推倒,把不适应商品生产、只知道’腱朝 外,头朝里,抡起大镰使劲劈’的干部调换下来。时势造就着一代新人,现在是大将出马,元帅开帐,全镇出现了一大批’混世魔王’,把个宁海镇闹得天翻地覆!”<br />
<br />
"The change of the organizational structure of cadres is the most important one. First of all, the reform should change "locomotive" and "steam engine" into "internal combustion engine". When I first came to this town, more than 60% of the cadres of the whole town brigade were old comrades who experienced the period of land reform and agricultural cooperative campaign, so they were used to engaging in single agriculture. In recent years, we have gradually adjusted more than 40 teams, reformed the employment system, broke the iron rice bowl, and replaced the cadres who were not suitable for commodity production and only knew agriculture. The times have created a new generation. Now it is generals who go out and marshals who get promotion and a large number of "demons" have appeared in the whole town, turning Ninghai town upside down!"<br />
<br />
我惊叹,这一番“结构学”出自一个年轻的农村基层干部之胸!但作为文学, 我需要索取形象。不想他“顺手牵羊”,抬手指指进来送水的林场场长曲松庆说: “他就算ー个……”<br />
<br />
I was amazed that this "structuralism" was told by a young rural grassroots cadre! But because of literature, I need to ask for an image. I don't want him to be this character, so I raised his finger and pointed Qu Songqing, the forest farm director who delivered water, and said: "He can be accounted..."<br />
<br />
不拘一格<br />
<br />
Be Not Limited to One Type<br />
<br />
——用人之道一<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain TalentsⅠ<br />
<br />
这个经营着几万亩林场的场长的出山（或叫“进山”）是别具一格的。他原是桥子大队的一个社员,谢玉堂第一次听到他的名字是从“片长”汇报中,说这个曲松庆为盖房的事情顶撞大队长,片长去批评他,也被顶了回来。<br />
<br />
This director who runs tens of thousands of mu of forest farms took on a government post, which is unique. He used to be a member of Qiaozi Brigade. Xie Yutang first heard his name from the report of the head of region, saying that Qu Songqing contradicted the captain for building a house, and he was contradicted when he criticized Qu.<br />
<br />
谢玉堂派人把曲松庆叫了来,这个年纪比镇委书记大的庄户人,带着“官官相护”的成见,在他对面坐下。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang sent someone to call Qu Songqing. This farmer, who is older than the secretary of the town committee, sat down opposite him with the prejudice of "officials protecting each other".<br />
<br />
“曲松庆,你知道我叫你来干什么吗?”<br />
<br />
"Qu Songqing, do you know what I called you for?"<br />
<br />
“知道!”曲松庆心有灵犀一点通。<br />
<br />
"Yes!" Qu Songqing understood the meaning tacitly.<br />
<br />
“你头上的小角长得还挺硬邦的呀!”<br />
<br />
"You are so stubborn!"<br />
<br />
“我割的肉在家都放臭了,大队长不让盖,把地基都给扒了 ！”<br />
<br />
"The meat I cut stinks at home. The captain won't let me build a house and even remove the foundation!"<br />
<br />
“你先把房子停下。”<br />
<br />
"You stop building your house first."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“因为你和大队有矛盾。”<br />
<br />
"Because you have conflicts with the brigade."<br />
<br />
“当初盖房是党委批准的,现在书记和大队长闹矛盾,把我牵扯进去了,但是没有理由不让我盖房子。我的料都备好了,马上就要到雨季,再说我盖起一幢房也是美化了家乡,美化了祖国……”<br />
<br />
"At the beginning, building a house was approved by the Party committee. Now the secretary and the captain have conflicts and I’m also involved, but there is no reason not to let me build a house. My materials are ready, and it is going to be the rainy season soon. Besides, the house that I build can beautify my hometown and my motherland..."<br />
<br />
曲松庆不卑不亢地对答着。他那布满血丝的眼睛里,透出一种骨气。<br />
<br />
Qu Songqing answered in a neither humble nor arrogant way. In his bloodshot eyes, there was dignity.<br />
<br />
“你先回去,等候公社派人去处理。”<br />
<br />
"You can go back first and wait for the commune to send someone to deal with it."<br />
<br />
“停下不要紧,你什么时候给我解决? ”<br />
<br />
"It doesn't matter to stop building my house, but when will you solve it for me?"<br />
<br />
“三天之内！”<br />
<br />
"In three days!"<br />
<br />
曲松庆临走站起来说:“谢书记,当领导的处理问题首先要搞好调查研究。你的批评涉及我曲松庆,对的地方,我马上执行,偏的地方,我得保留意见……”<br />
<br />
Qu Songqing stood up before leaving and said, "Secretary Xie, when a leader deals with problems, he must first do a good job of investigation and research. If your criticism involving me is right, I will correct mistakes immediately, but I will have reservations if it is wrong..."<br />
<br />
那是一个不软不硬的钉子。<br />
<br />
He is like a nail that is neither soft nor hard.<br />
<br />
一个月之后,谢玉堂第二次把曲松庆叫到办公室里来了。<br />
<br />
A month later, Xie Yutang called Qu Songqing to the office for the second time.<br />
<br />
“你找我……有事吧?”曲松庆带有戒备地看着谢玉堂。<br />
<br />
"You asked me... for something?" Qu Songqing looked at Xie Yutang with vigilance.<br />
<br />
“镇党委决定让你到南山林场担任场长!”<br />
<br />
"The town party committee decided to let you go to Nanshan Forest Farm as the director!"<br />
<br />
“我……”曲松庆吃惊地瞪大了眼睛,他不敢相信这是真的,“我……行吗?”<br />
"Me..." Qu Songqing was in surprise, with eyes wide-open. He couldn't believe it was true. "Am I up to it...?"<br />
<br />
在谢玉堂眼里,面前的这个曲松庆已毫不陌生了:他当过生产小队长,他在东 北大兴安岭伐过木,他……谢玉堂似乎并不准备打消曲松庆的疑虑,而是像对一个已经任职多年的林场场长那样说:<br />
<br />
For Xie Yutang, Qu Songqing in front of him was no stranger: he worked as a production team leader, he cut wood in Greater Khingan Range, northeast China, and he... Xie Yutang did not seem to dispel Qu Songqing's doubts, but said to him as if Qu was a forest farm director who had served for many years:<br />
<br />
“几万亩林场,战线很长,那是全镇人民用血汗把它建起来的,你得明白这个分量。现在就由你来着手组林场的班子!”<br />
<br />
"The forest farm covers tens of thousands of mu, which means it takes a long time to finish this task. It was built by the diligent people of the whole town, so you have to understand its importance. Now it is up to you to set up the team for the forest farm!"<br />
<br />
当我年底第二次见到这位从土坷垃中拨拉出来的风云林场的场长时（现在他已成为一名宁海镇的共产党人）,他已经以林场为大本营,把事业的触须伸到了四面八方:办起了宁海刺绣厂、宁海第二百货公司、风云金矿、风云羊肉馆、贸易公司、 花木公司、建筑公司、冰库、砖厂、鸡场、客车出租。这个年近半百的人,成了一个大“托拉斯”的董事长。鬼知道他还从哪里弄了一辆黑色的“上海轿子”,进山的客人都用它接送。坐在飞驰的汽车上,你可以感觉得到现代动力正冲击着古老的山区！<br />
<br />
When I met the director of Fengyun Forest Farm for the second time at the end of the year (now he has become a Communist in Ninghai Town), he has taken the forest farm as his base camp and extended his business presence to all directions: Ninghai Embroidery Factory, Ninghai No.2 Department Store Company, Fengyun Gold Mine, Fengyun Mutton Restaurant, Trading Company, Flower and Tree Company, Construction Company, Ice Bank, Brick Factory, Chicken Farm and Bus Rental. This person, who is nearly half a century old, has become the chairman of a big "Trust". Who knows where he got a black sedan made in Shanghai, which was used to pick up and drop off guests going to the mountains. Sitting in a speeding car, you can feel the modern power impacting the ancient mountain areas!<br />
<br />
好马也吃回头草<br />
<br />
A Good Horse Will Also Turn Round to Graze on an Old Pasture<br />
<br />
——用人之道二<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain TalentsⅡ<br />
<br />
谢玉堂刚上任的时候,杜家瞳是有名的“幸福村” 。所谓幸福,并非丰衣足食之喻,而是领导班子涣散,社员可以任意逍遥。全村几百口子不仅工副业项目没有一个,1981年春谢玉堂带工作组进村时,还带去5000斤救济粮!<br />
<br />
When Xie Yutang first took office, DuJiatong was a famous "happy village". The so-called happiness is not a metaphor for ample food and clothing, but a lax leadership team and carefree members. There were none of sideline projects in the village home to hundreds of residents. When Xie Yutang brought the working group into the village in the spring of 1981, he also brought 2,500 kg of relief food!<br />
<br />
老支书胡风洲和能说会道的大队长孔庆富尿不到ー个壶里,而过去来驻点的 干部们,大都倾向于老支书（人们惯于对“老”有感情）,而把孔庆富说得一无是处。<br />
<br />
Hu Fengzhou, the old branch secretary, and Kong Qingfu, the eloquent captain, had different opinions. However, most of the cadres who came to the station in the past tended to support the old branch secretary (people are used to having feelings for the old), and regarded Kong Qingfu good for nothing.<br />
<br />
为了维护领导班子的统一,谢玉堂把孔庆富的大队长职务撤掉了。<br />
<br />
In order to maintain the unity of the leadership team, Xie Yutang removed Kong Qingfu as the captain.<br />
<br />
孔庆富跑“单帮”去了,到南乡涝夼大队的果酒厂当供销员。<br />
<br />
Kong Qingfu then became a self-employed businessman and worked as a supply and marketing staff in the fruit winery of Nanxiang Laokuang Brigade.<br />
<br />
涝夼大队支书张培清,也是胶东半岛上一名豪杰。他利用昆布山天然泉水资源办起了果酒厂,出产的枣酒、桃酒闻名遐迩。<br />
<br />
Zhang Peiqing, the branch secretary of Laokuang Brigade, is also an outstanding talent on Jiaodong Peninsula. He used the natural spring water resources of Khumbu Mountain to set up a fruit winery, producing famous jujube wine and peach wine.<br />
<br />
孔庆富的“能说会道”成了发展商品生产的优势,他懂信息,会核算,能交往, 每到一处都能很快地打开局面。<br />
<br />
Kong Qingfu's eloquence has become an advantage in developing commodity production. He knows information, calculation and communication well, and can quickly solve problems everywhere.<br />
<br />
1982年2月,谢玉堂托人捎信让孔庆富回来。<br />
<br />
In February 1982, Xie Yutang sent a message to let Kong Qingfu come back.<br />
<br />
“你找我?”孔庆富心里忐忑不安。在他被撤之后,曾大大地散布了一番对镇委书记的不满。<br />
<br />
"What happened?" Kong Qingfu felt uneasy. After his dismissal, he showed his discontent twith the secretary of the town committee to many people.<br />
<br />
“我撤了你的大队长,你知道是为什么吧?”<br />
<br />
"I dismissed you from your office. Do you know why?"<br />
<br />
“知道,我欺负胡风洲!”<br />
<br />
"Yes, I can’t cooperate with Hu Fengzhou!"<br />
<br />
“你下台以后有什么感想?”<br />
<br />
"How did you feel after you stepped down?"<br />
<br />
“挺苦闷的。我年轻力壮,想干一番事业……我想党委撤了我,这辈子不会再用我了！”<br />
<br />
"I was depressed. I am young and strong, and I want to make contributions... I think the party committee has withdrawn me and will not hire me again in my life!"<br />
<br />
“你对村里的工作有什么想法?”<br />
<br />
"What do you think of the work in the village?"<br />
<br />
“俺这个村……我干比他们干好。”<br />
<br />
"This village... I can do better than them."<br />
<br />
“你们那个’幸福村‘穷成那个样子,你有什么施政纲领?”孔庆富丢掉了拘束, 对着镇委书记念开了“商品经”:上建筑、上翻砂、上果酒……果然头头是道,高人一筹。<br />
<br />
"Your 'happy village' is poor. What policies do you have?" Kong Qingfu felt at home and talked about his opinions and experience about commodity to the secretary of the town committee: buildings, casting technique and fruit wine... Without doubt, he was better than others.<br />
<br />
谢玉堂说:“党委研究一下,你准备当个工业大队长。我给你厂房,再给你一部分资金,先把果酒厂办起来,你们村还是商品生产的空白……”<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang said: "The party committee has studied it, and you are going to be a captain managing an industry. I will give you factory buildings, and then give you some funds. First, the fruit winery should be set up, because your village doesn’t have any commodity production..."<br />
<br />
一个月之后,杜家瞳村果酒厂就酿出了第一批果酒,一口大缸飘溢着醇香。镇党委成员应邀去品酒,谢玉堂酒未沾唇,先已感到了甜意。<br />
<br />
A month later, Du Village Fruit Winery produced the first batch of fruit wine, and the vat was full of mellow fragrance. Members of the town party Committee were invited to taste wine, and Xie Yutang had felt sweet before the wine touched his lips.<br />
<br />
姜是小的辣<br />
<br />
The Younger, The Wiser<br />
<br />
——用人之道三<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain Talents Ⅲ<br />
<br />
1982年春节前,谢玉堂坐孔家疃大队的吉普车去海阳开会。路上,司机说:<br />
<br />
Before the Spring Festival in 1982, Xie Yutang went to Haiyang for a meeting in the jeep of Kong Brigade. On the way, the driver said:<br />
<br />
“谢书记,我给你推荐一个人吧。”<br />
<br />
"Secretary Xie, let me recommend someone to you."<br />
<br />
"谁?”<br />
<br />
"Who?"<br />
<br />
“王家疃标准件厂的厂长王荣团。你要起用了他,王家疃就有希望了！”<br />
<br />
"Wang Rongtuan, director of Wang Standard Parts Factory. If you appoint him to a job, there will be an opportunity for Wang village to be prosperous!"<br />
<br />
“你这么熟悉他?”<br />
<br />
"You know him so well?"<br />
<br />
“他是我小舅子!”<br />
<br />
"He is my brother-in-law!"<br />
<br />
这位司机还真有点“内举不避亲”的古人风。<br />
<br />
This driver was really a bit of an ancient style of "recommending talents even if they are his relatives".<br />
<br />
对于求贤若渴的谢玉堂来说,这信息的价值不可估量,因为逐渐落后于形势的王家疃,正需要一个得力的接班人。<br />
<br />
For Xie Yutang, who was thirsty for talents, the value of this information was immeasurable, because Wang village overtaken by events needed an effective successor.<br />
<br />
从海阳回来,谢玉堂就迫不及待地去了王家疃标准件厂。年轻的厂长站在冲压床前冲压着螺栓,他那宽厚的肩膀,似乎在等待着历史交给他的新使命。<br />
<br />
After returning from Haiyang, Xie Yutang couldn't wait to go to Wang Standard Parts Factory. The young factory director stood in front of the stamping press and stamped bolts. His broad shoulders seemed to be waiting for the new mission given to him by history.<br />
<br />
这果然是个难得的能人。开始,他一个人管着大队的扬水站,守着一台柴油机,他不满足于这种赋闲的营生,建议大队利用柴油机办个磨坊,一举两得。<br />
<br />
This was really a rare capable person. At first, he personally took charge of the pumping station of the brigade and guarded a diesel engine. He was not satisfied with this idle business, so he suggested that the brigade use the diesel engine to run a mill.<br />
<br />
磨坊办起来了,他见市场上缺螺栓,就去买了一块45号钢,用钻头钻上眼,再用钢铿加工,做了一个模具,再加上一把铁锤,一个星期就出了第一批产品。附近的丝绸厂听说了,一下子全买了去。一个模具、一柄锤子,一天竟能挣到4块钱,而 当时队上的工值是8角。<br />
<br />
When the mill was set up, he saw that there was a shortage of bolts in the market, so he bought a piece of No.45 steel, drilled a hole with a drill, processed it with a steel file, made a mold and a hammer, then the first batch of products came out in a week. Workers in a nearby silk factory heard about it and bought it all at once. A mold and a hammer can help Wang earn 4 yuan a day, while the salary on the team at that time was 8 cents.<br />
<br />
眼前的标准件厂成为拥有成套设备和200多人的颇具规模的工厂了,它的产品已经打到8个省,收入占全队总收入的80%以上。可是,王荣团还不是党员!而支部5个委员都靠在农业上。<br />
<br />
At present, the Standard Parts Factory has become a large-scale factory with complete sets of equipment and more than 200 people. Its products have reached 8 provinces, and its income accounts for more than 80% of the total income of the whole team. However, Wang Rongtuan is not a party member yet! The five members of the branch all rely on agriculture.<br />
<br />
新时期要什么样的共产党员?我们用什么样的新鲜血液充实党的基层队伍? 经济工作搞不上去能不能算个好支部?年轻的镇委书记在深思。<br />
<br />
What kind of Communist Party members do we want in the new period? What kind of fresh blood do we want to enrich the grass-roots ranks of the Party? Can we count a branch as a good one if it has bad economy? The young secretary of the town committee is thinking deeply.<br />
<br />
任何一种结构的改革,都不是一帆风顺的,谢玉堂遇到了历史因袭下来的强大惯性。<br />
<br />
The reform of any kind of structure is not easy. Xie Yutang has encountered a rooted problem left by history.<br />
<br />
8年前,王荣团向党支部递上了第一份申请书,到现在加起来8次申请、6次填表,党支部还要对他再考验,因为他“太年轻” !<br />
<br />
Eight years ago, Wang Rongtuan handed the first application to the Party branch. Up to now, he has applied for eight times and filled out six times, but the Party branch still tests him again because he is too young!<br />
<br />
年近花甲的老支书王应运,是城关一带拔尖的好书记,执行政策从来不走样。 他资历长,辈又大,村里人都敬仰他。他看不惯王荣团这个“孙子辈”的一些做法。 他认为他走的是“白专道路”。有人来厂里联系业务,留下吃饭,老书记得知必说: “不行,咱不能搞不正之风!”去东北买车床,要带点花生米,老书记ー摆手:“不批!”两个人碰碰磕磕的,少不了冒点火星。<br />
<br />
Wang Yingyun, an old branch secretary who was nearly 60 years old, was a top-notch secretary of Chengguan, and implemented policies adamantly. He had high seniority, so villagers admired him. He didn't like the practices of Wang Rongtuan, who was so young that he could even be his grandpa. He thought Wang only paid attention to scholar studies but ignored politics. Someone came to the factory to contact the business and stay for dinner. If the old secretary knew it, he must say: "No, this is dishonest practice!" When they went to the northeast to buy lathes, they want to bring some peanuts. But the old secretary waved his hand: "It is not approved!" These Two people usually had contradictions.<br />
<br />
在王应运眼里,王荣团是一只“刺猬”,丢了舍不得,捧着扎得慌。他是王家疃的“财神爷”，1981年支部给他定额12万,他咬咬牙干出个20万! 1982年给他定了24万,他一下子干了35万！1983年定了40万,他要创到55万！<br />
<br />
For Wang Yingyun, Wang Rongtuan was a hedgehog. He was reluctant to abandon him, but he was upset if he retained Wang Rongtuan. He was the "God of Wealth" of Wangjiatong. In 1981, the branch gave him a quota of 120,000, he gritted his teeth and earned 200,000 yuan! In 1982, the quota were 240,000 yuan, but he earned 350,000 yuan at once! In 1983, the goal was 400,000 yuan, but he wanted to hit 550,000 yuan!<br />
<br />
王荣团像个腾空而起的风筝,扶摇直上九重霄,老支书手中那一缕细线随时都有崩断的可能！<br />
<br />
Wang Rongtuan, like a kite soaring into the sky, flew high, and the thin line in the hands of the old branch secretary could break at any time!<br />
<br />
老支书向工厂派去一个“党代表”——一位离休的老党员王典乐,起个“监督” 作用。不想“党代表”干了两年,竟和王荣团“通同作弊”。谢玉堂去调查时,“党代表”说:“谢书记,我站在党的立场上说句话,王家疃要得好,非得王荣团来干书记!”<br />
<br />
The old branch secretary sent a "party representative", Wang Dianle, a retired old party member, to the factory to supervise Wang. However, the party representative who worked only two years "colluded" with Wang Rongtuan. When Xie Yutang went to investigate, the party representative said: "Secretary Xie, I want to stand on the party's position and say something. Wang Rongtuan has to be the secretary, if we want Wangjiatong to be better!"<br />
<br />
<br />
老支书闻风而动:“谁解决王荣团的组织问题,我官司打到中央!”<br />
<br />
The old branch secretary acted without delay upon hearing this: "If anyone solve the organizational problem of Wang Rongtuan, I will file a lawsuit in the central government!"<br />
<br />
谢玉堂一次次找王应运促膝长谈。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang had a long talk with Wang Yingyun again and again.<br />
<br />
无效。<br />
<br />
But he failed.<br />
<br />
就在这时,王荣团摆了挑子。<br />
<br />
At that moment, Wang Rongtuan gave in.<br />
<br />
正值各村向镇里呈报1983年生产计划,老书记战战兢兢地去报了个78万,而镇里要求他们拿到120万。<br />
<br />
When every village reported the 1983 production plan to the town, the old secretary reported 780,000 yuan with trepidation, but the town asked them to earn 1.2 million.<br />
<br />
王荣团要是一直把挑子擂下去,78万也保不住呀！老支书嘴上起了燎泡,他硬着头皮走进了王荣团的家门,对这个“孙子辈”说:<br />
<br />
If Wang Rongtuan continue to stop working, he can't even reach the goal of 780,000 yuan! The old branch secretary was anxious, so he bit the bullet, walked into Wang Rongtuan's house and said:<br />
<br />
“你的组织问题,支部早在考虑……”<br />
<br />
"The branch has long considered your organizational problems..."<br />
<br />
王荣团把腿一伸:“我不是为‘组织‘不干。我是一个群众,没有那么大的能力再干下去了,标准件厂那么大的’西瓜’,支部不应该去捡起来?”<br />
<br />
Wang Rongtuan stretched out his leg: "I stopped working not because I’m not enrolled in the Communist Party pf China. I am a mass, and I don't have so much ability to go on. Should the large-scale Standard Parts Factory not be managed by the branch?"<br />
<br />
老支书被噎住了。他万万没有想到,他掉进了这位年轻共产党人的“圈套”之中。这一切,也包括王荣团的“台词”,都是镇委书记一手导演出来的。<br />
<br />
He was speechless. He never imagined that he fell into the trap of the young Communist. All this, including Wang Rongtuan's lines, were directed by the secretary of the town committee.<br />
<br />
这也算“斗争艺术”——狡猾狡猾的！<br />
<br />
This is also a cunning "art of conflicts"!<br />
<br />
“孙子辈”治住了“爷爷辈”！<br />
<br />
The "Grandson" won the victory!<br />
<br />
王家疃的这场斗争并没有因此停止,他和后面的故事连接到了一起。<br />
<br />
The conflict in Wang village did not be solved. It was connected with the following stories.<br />
<br />
论资排辈<br />
<br />
Assign a Job in Accordance with Qualifications And Seniority<br />
<br />
——用人之道四<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain TalentsⅣ<br />
<br />
幼年的时候,我把那相距二里之遥的东油坊看成是“天府之国”。他们在全县第一个办起了农业合作社,第一个小麦亩产过千斤,第一个日工值达到1元。他们种植的大蒜创过亩产一万二千斤的记录。那是一片富庶之地,是人间乐土!东油坊找的媳妇,都是百里挑一的!<br />
<br />
When I was young, I regarded Dongyoufang, which was two miles away, as a "land of abundance". It was the first to set up an agricultural cooperative in the county, have wheat yield exceeding 500 kg per mu, and reach 1 yuan of salary per day. The garlic they planted has reached a record of 12,000 jin per mu. It was a land with abundant resources and a paradise on earth! Daughters-in-law found in Dongyoufang were all one in a thousand!<br />
<br />
这个村因有一座古老的油坊而得名。那古老的油锤声虽然早已消失在历史深处,但是,古朴的村风却世代延续下来。至今,这个村里的人不赶集,不站街头,不大吃大喝,有了钱攒起来,包一层裹一层,再套上一把锁。搞传统农业,谁也搞不过他们,从中华人民共和国成立以来他们就在全县遥遥领先,各村的土墙上大都写着 这样的标语:“学路线,狠抓纲,坚决超过东油坊!”<br />
<br />
This village was named after an ancient oil mill. Although the ancient sound of oil hammer has long disappeared in the depths of history, the simple village style has continued from generation to generation. Up to now, people in this village don't go to the market, stand on the streets, squander money. When they have money, they save it, wrap it in layers, and put on a lock. No one can beat them in traditional agriculture. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, they have been far ahead in the county. Most of the earth walls of villages were written with such slogans: "Learn the line, pay close attention to guiding principles, and resolutely surpass Dongyoufang!"<br />
<br />
东油坊人心里有谱,摆弄土坷垃,够你们赶一气的！<br />
<br />
People in Dongyoufang knew the score. Regarding to land, it was hard for them to catch up!<br />
<br />
可是,后面的人坐着汽车撵上来了——<br />
<br />
However, people lagging behind caught up in a car.<br />
<br />
孔家疃书记曲培萱,有一天乘坐吉普车到东油坊办事,东油坊老支书曲廷璞看了略眼,一见到谢玉堂就叨叨:“你说他年轻轻的,不是摆谱吗?挣了两个钱烧的!”谢玉堂说:“不是他’变’了,是你应该适应新形势了 ！”<br />
<br />
Qu Peixuan, secretary of Kong village, took a jeep to work in Dongyoufang one day. Qu Tingpu, the old branch secretary of Dongyoufang, was annoyed when he saw the jeep. When he saw Xie Yutang, he said, "Qu Peixuan is young, and it seems he is showing off when he sits in a jeep. His money burns a hole in his pocket!" Xie Yutang said: "It is not that he has changed, but that you should adapt to the new situation!"<br />
<br />
曲廷璞心里不着实,又和本村社员叨叨:“过去的干部,连自行车都不骑,现在 有些年轻人坐着吉普到处颠,他们怎个看法?”一个社员当即回答他:“人家书记坐 汽车,社员跟着拿坐汽车的钱！咱的书记坐牛车,咱就跟着挣个牛车钱。俺巴不得你去坐飞机,跟着你挣坐飞机的钱哪个不高兴?”<br />
<br />
Qu Tingpu was uneasy, so he talked with his village members: "In the past, cadres didn't even ride bicycles. Now some young people are sitting around in jeeps. What do they think?" A member immediately answered him: "Their secretary takes the car, and the members earn the money of taking the car! Our secretary takes an ox cart, so we earn the money of taking an ox cart. I wish you would take the plane, and which one is unhappy to earn the money of taking the plane with you?"<br />
<br />
曲廷璞被震动了！不久,又一件事更震动了他:镇党委组织全体支部书记、大队长巡回参观。去了西关,去了新牟,去了王家疃,去了孔家疃,唯独把东油坊隔过去了。曲廷璞当时正住院,听了以后心里难受啊。5尺长的汉子,入党30多年,让人“绕”过去了!（这又是镇委书记的激将法之一）他若在场,真要找块石头碰死!<br />
<br />
Qu Tingpu was amazed! Soon, another thing shocked him even more: the town party committee organized visits for all the branch secretaries and captains. They visited Xiguan, Xinmou, Wang village and Kong village, but only ignored Dongyoufang. Qu Tingpu was in hospital at that time, and he felt uncomfortable after listening to it. A man who had joined the party for more than 30 years, was ignored! (This was reverse psychology of the secretary of the town committee.) If he had been there, he might have struck his head against a stone!<br />
<br />
谢玉堂到医院来看他,安慰他:“你好好养病,让你干20年!”镇委书记知道他的心病,给他吃“宽心丸”。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang came to the hospital to see him and comforted him: "You should take good care of your health and I will let you work for 20 years!" Knowing his worries, the secretary of the town committee gave him a "relief pill".<br />
<br />
他已当了16年支书,想巴结着凑个整数——20年（前一任支部书记曲维模任职也是20年）。可是他一出院,谢玉堂就上门让他考虑接班人的问题,好像忘了在医院的许诺。<br />
<br />
He had been a branch secretary for 16 years, and wanted to make up a round number of 20 years (Qu Weimo, the former branch secretary, also served for 20 years). However, when he was discharged from hospital, Xie Yutang came to ask him to consider the successor, as if he had forgotten his promise in the hospital.<br />
<br />
曲廷璞摇摇头:“我这几年培养了4个,一个好仔儿也没有!”<br />
<br />
Qu Tingpu shook his head: "I have trained 4 in recent years, but there are no appropriate successor!"<br />
<br />
“孔祥烈怎么样?他行不行?”<br />
<br />
"How about Kong Xianglie? Can he do it?"<br />
<br />
“不行！他的外号叫滑石猴!”<br />
<br />
"No way! His nickname is talc monkey (Folk stone carvers in Yechen County have been using traditional techniques to carve small monkey-shaped objects from scraps)!"<br />
<br />
<br />
“人无外号不发,孙悟空不是石猴出世吗?能七十二变、大闹天宫翻龙府,正好。他搞农业能那么专,搞工业也能专上去!”孔祥烈是当地有名的粮食专家,虽然不算年轻,可是个灵通人。他在一亩地里种出过1740斤玉米。莱阳县杨家庄请他去“指导”,他不用对方开口,就能说出小麦的品种;看看分蘖,就能说出某月某日播的种,这使杨家庄的人大为震惊。他过去不懂工业,学了七天“七大管理”“八大指标”,一下子考了98分！他是个识时务者！<br />
<br />
"People don't have nicknames. Isn't the Monkey King a monkey born from a stone? It can got 72 transformations and make a fuss in Heaven and Dragon Palace of the Eastern Sea. He is so specialized in agriculture, so he can also specialize in business!" Kong Xianglie is a famous local food expert. Although he is not young, he is a well-informed person. He planted 870 kg of corn in one mu of land. People in Yangjiazhuang, Laiyang County asked him to guide them in the sector of agriculture. He can tell the variety of wheat before others told him and he can tell the seeds sown on a certain day of the month after he saw tillers, which shocked the people in Yangjiazhuang. He didn't know anything about business in the past. He studied seven management methods and eight indicators for seven days, however, he scored 98 points at once! He is a man recognizing current trends!<br />
<br />
“不行,把权交给他我不放心!”曲廷璞坚持着。<br />
<br />
"No, I’m worried to give him the right!" Qu Tingpu insisted.<br />
<br />
这场辩论一直持续到1983年12月20日,全镇1700名共产党员,集中在当年 八路军的根据地嵎峡河大队,进行一年一度的党员整风学习,并进行支部改选。谢玉堂把曲廷璞、王应运,还有嵎峡河的老书记孙承善和王贺庄的老书记王顺成召集到一起。他们是宁海镇的四个元老,他们的身上带着农村工作的每一个历史时期——土改、合作化、“学大寨”、“文化大革命”……现在他们围着火炉子,听年轻的镇委书记讲古:<br />
<br />
This debate lasted until December 20, 1983. 1700 Communist Party members in the whole town, assembled in the Yuxiahe Brigade, the base area of the Eighth Route Army, conducted the annual rectification study of Party members and re-elected their branch members. Xie Yutang brought Qu Tingpu, Wang Yingyun, Sun Chengshan, the old secretary of Yuxiahe Brigade, and Wang Shuncheng, the old secretary of Wang Hezhuang together. They were the four elders of Ninghai Town. They have experienced every historical period of work in rural areas, namely, land reform, cooperative transformation, learning from Dazhai in agriculture and Cultural Revolution... Now they are around the stove and listen to the young secretary of the town committee talking about stories:<br />
<br />
“刘邦起用韩信而兴汉,韩信年轻的时候,还钻过人家的胯裆;大将周勃是吹鼓手出身;樊哙是杀狗的,相当于咱食品公司的‘杀巴子’;陈平出身贫寒;萧何原来也只是个文书差事;刘邦也不过是‘片长’,十里亭长嘛！用人用其长,用其识,用其才……”讲到半截,谢玉堂出去接电话去了,曲廷璞对着三个老伙伴把拳头一攥、一伸,左右摆了摆,三个老伙伴立时理解了它的含义,那是他们几十年为之奋斗,付出了多少汗水和心血的东西,他们也从那里得到过骄傲和尊严。“这东西不能丢啊!”曲廷璞用强化的语气说。<br />
<br />
"Han Xin served Liu Bang so the Han dynasty became prosperous. When Han Xin was young, he even crawled through between others’ legs. General Bo Zhou was a trumpeter at first. Fan Kuai was a dog killer, which is equivalent to our food company's' butcher. Chen Ping was born in poverty. Xiao He turned out to be just a clerk. Liu Bang was a village headman! When we hire others, we need to find their strengths, knowledge and talents..." Before he finished his speech, Xie went out to answer the phone. Qu Tingpu clenched his fist, stretched it and swung it left and right to his three old partners. They immediately understood the meaning of the posture. They had fought for their job for decades by the sweat of their brow. They also got pride and dignity from it. "This can't be lost!" Qu Tingpu said in an intensified tone.<br />
<br />
谢玉堂又回过头来逐个谈心……这一夜,在这个小小的山庄里,老一代共产党人和年轻的共产党人都失眠了。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang turned around and talked with them one by one... That night, in this small village, the older generation of communists and the young communists couldn’t fall asleep.<br />
<br />
第二天,曲廷璞早饭也没吃得下,不过,他的话倒是表达了四位“元老”的心 声:“我要是犯了错误下去,摔我南墙上没意见,可我没犯错误!我知道车子转弯时要甩下一些人。我18岁当兵,跟党干了这么多年,从来没甩下去过。30年啦,我不想离开,心里难受——可是我听党委的……”<br />
<br />
The next day, Qu Tingpu didn’t want to eat breakfast. However, he really put the thoughts of the four elders into words: "If I make a mistake, it's okay to fire me, but I didn't make a mistake! I know that some people will be left behind when a car turns. I became a soldier at the age of 18 and I worked with the Party for so many years and have never been dumped. I have worked for 30 years, so I don't want to leave. I feel uncomfortable, but I will adhere to the directions of the party committee... "<br />
<br />
宁海镇的共产党人永远忘不了四个老书记向昨天告别的那一刻。主席台上, 党旗高悬,金匾夺目——那匾额金字是镇委书记亲笔题写的:“为革命立功,德高望重;为四化让贤,壮志不已。”四名即将离位的老同志,端坐在主席台上,下面坐着宁海镇的一千多名共产党员,他们默默对望。<br />
<br />
Communists in Ninghai Town will never forget the moment when the four old secretaries bid farewell to yesterday. On the rostrum, the party flag hung high and the gold plaque was dazzling. The gold characters of the plaque were personally inscribed by the secretary of the town Committee: "Making contributions to the revolution, you will be highly respected; Making way for the Four Modernizations, ambition will not be reduced." Four old comrades who were about to leave their posts were sitting on the rostrum, with more than 1,000 Communist Party members in Ninghai Town sitting below and looking at them silently.<br />
<br />
静极了!只有时间不停地越过空间。<br />
<br />
It was so quiet! Only time was flowing.<br />
<br />
“……同志们,我们年轻的共产党员,一定要以这四个老同志为榜样,带领群众在经济建设中,把宁海镇的新局面开创下去。任何时候,傲不长,欲不纵,乐不极,志不满,团结一致,奋发向前,用我们的双手,把宁海镇建设成一个富饶的宁海,美丽的宁海,强大的宁海。我们的目的一定要达到,也一定能够达到!胜利既然属于党,属于人民,当然也属于我们——宁海镇的共产党员们！”<br />
<br />
"… Comrades, our young Communist Party members must follow the example of these four old comrades and lead the masses to create a new situation in Ninghai Town in economic construction. At any time, you should not be arrogant, frivolous, greedy and unambitious. Instead, we should unite together, work hard, and use our hands to build Ninghai Town into a rich, beautiful and powerful town. Our goal should be achieved, and must be achieved! Since victory belongs to the Party and the people, it certainly belongs to us, the Communist Party members in Ninghai Town!"<br />
<br />
镇委书记谢玉堂致辞完毕,四位“元老”手捧金匾,在他们各自的接班人搀扶 下——王荣团扶着王应运,王可勇扶着王承善,孙祥烈扶着曲廷璞,王忠武扶着王 顺成——向台下走去。他们是戴着红花走下历史的舞台的！<br />
<br />
After Xie Yutang, secretary of the town committee, delivered his speech, four elders holding the golden plaque walked off the stage with the help of their respective successors. Wang Rongtuan supported Wang Yingyun; Wang Keyong supported Wang Chengshan; Sun Xianglie supported Qu Tingpu, and Wang Zhongwu supported Wang Shuncheng. They walked off the stage of history with red flowers!<br />
<br />
全场起立,向这庄严的场面报以泪水和掌声！<br />
<br />
The audience stood up and responded to this solemn scene with tears and applause!<br />
<br />
至此,宁海镇的共产党人更新了他战车上的每一根大轴、每一个齿轮。<br />
<br />
At this point, the Communists in Ninghai Town updated every big shaft and every gear on their chariot.<br />
<br />
第七章敬礼!西关文化<br />
<br />
Chapter 7 Salute! Xiguan Culture<br />
<br />
西关公园及西关人<br />
<br />
Xiguan Park and Residents in Xiguan<br />
<br />
——向旧文化告别<br />
<br />
—Say Goodbye to the Old Culture<br />
<br />
若是亲爱的读者对这漫长的旅行已感到了疲惫,我们不妨拐进中国农民兴建的第一座农村公园,稍事休憩,看一看“西关文化”。<br />
<br />
If dear readers are tired of this long journey, we might as well go to the first rural park built by Chinese farmers, have a rest and look at the Xiguan Culture.<br />
<br />
文明来到了西关这片古老的土地上。公园里经常举行各种各样的农民舞会、农民歌咏会、农民运动会。1984年春节的运动会上,党支部书记李德海连拿200米田径冠军、象棋冠军、举重冠军。出奇的是观看运动会的社员也得奖品,“以资鼓励”,那是为了冲击一下“蹦蹦跳跳何不去抡镰头”的旧观念。<br />
<br />
Civilization came to Xiguan, an ancient land. Various farmer dance parties, farmer singing meetings and farmer sports meetings are often held in the park. At the Spring Festival sports game in 1984, Li Dehai, secretary of the Party branch, won the 200-meter dash, chess and weightlifting champion. Surprisingly, the members who watched the sports game also got prizes as encouragement, which was to influence the old idea of "why not swing the sickle when you are jumping".<br />
<br />
走出公园,穿过宽阔的“文化路”,绕过机声隆隆的“十大企业”,让我们再去看看西关大队的奶牛场,成群的奶牛每天挤出一桶桶的鲜奶,西关人提着暖瓶来把牛奶打回家去,代替以前的高粱糊糊。西关人在改变着食品结构,讲究吃的文化。他们讲究的不是油水,而是口味。讲氨基酸、维生素、高蛋白。母亲和妻子不必在一个锅里做两样饭,把一家人的饭食分成等级,也不必偶尔吃一顿好饭而回避着街坊邻居,因之产生“好饭不怕晚”的俚语,更不会有老观念中的“偷嘴媳妇”。村中心的西关饭庄里有高级厨师和各种山珍海味,社员在家中只要拿起电话,红彤彤的烧对虾、亮晶晶的扒海参、白生生的芙蓉干贝、香喷喷的松鼠鱼,会按时给送上门。打开精制的酒柜,你会看到精装的茅台和罐装的青岛啤酒,餐室里配置有带转盘的餐桌,上面经常摆着北京烤鸭和火锅涮海珍。<br />
<br />
Walking out of the park, crossing the wide cultural road and bypassing the Top Ten Enterprises with rumbling machines, we can see the dairy farm of Xiguan Brigade again. People in Xiguan milk groups of cows every day, and they carry thermos flasks to take the milk home to replace sorghum paste. Xiguan people are changing the food structure and paying attention to the culture of eating. What they pay attention to is not grease, but flavour. They care about amino acids, vitamins and high protein. Mother and wife don't have to cook two kinds of dishes in one pot to divide the family's meals into grades. You don't have to avoid your neighbors when eating a good meal occasionally. As a result, the slang of "good things come to those who wait" comes into being, and there will absolutely be no wife sneaking a taste of food in the old concept. There are senior chefs and various delicacies in Xiguan Restaurant in the center of Zicun Village. Members only need to pick up the phone at home, and red roasted prawns, sparkling sea cucumbers, white scallops and delicious yellow croakers will be delivered to their homes on time. If you open the refined wine cabinet, you will see Maotai with good package and canned Tsingtao Beer. The dining room is equipped with a dining table with a turntable, on which Beijing roast duck and seafood hot pot are often placed.<br />
<br />
我们不妨再看一看西关人住的文化。第一代住房是茅草屋,那也许是人类从原始的进化期就有的——木窗棂,土打墙,又低又矮,这模式一直延续到“文革”后期还屡见不鲜。第二代住房是李德海就任大队支书后由大队统一规划的砖瓦平房,一户三间,对面锅台对面炕,独门小院,也颇宽敞幽静。第三代住房是三中全会后兴建起来的。电灯电话,楼上楼下,却有别于城市里的单元公寓——每家都有个小院,建筑面积110平方米。有带晒箱的洗澡间,有瓷砖壁的厨房,有宽敞明亮的客厅和餐室。厨房里用的是煤气炉——大队有自己的煤气站。现在不必再贴灶王爷——习惯和观念都是生活造成的,改造它也靠生活本身。如今富足的西关人也有闲情厕身于艺术,把漂亮的影星请到宽敞的家里来做客,她们有张瑜、陈冲、丛 珊、刘晓庆、张金玲——当然,现在还仅限于她们的剧照,好客的主人等待着有一天 她们能从银幕上走下来,坐进他们这布满红木家具的第三代“农舍”。不,等她们到来的时候,西关人的第四代住房已经竣工,那是别墅式的小楼,它的建筑面积达200平方米,其规格、样式、造价都足以和那些“将军楼”“专员楼”媲美。而在这楼房里生活的老人们,将和国家职工一样地享受退休金,每月60元,外加“工龄补贴”。西关人的“工龄”,是从三中全会召开的1978年开始计算,这是耐人寻味的。<br />
<br />
We might as well look at the culture of the living conditions for Xiguan people again. The first generation of these residents lived in thatched cottages with wood panels and low earth wall that human beings have had this pattern since their primitive evolution period. It was widespread until the late Cultural Revolution. The second-generation housing was a brick bungalow planned by the brigade after Li Dehai took office as the branch secretary of the brigade. It had three rooms, and the kitchen was in the opposite of the heatable brick bed. It also had a small courtyard with one door, quite spacious and quiet. The third generation housing was built after the Third Plenary Session. There were lights and telephones upstairs and downstairs, which were different from the unit apartment in the city. Each family had a small courtyard with a building area of 110 square meters. There were bathrooms with a dryer, kitchens with ceramic walls, spacious and bright living rooms and dining rooms. In the kitchen was a gas stove, because the brigade had its own gas station. Now there is no need to stick the picture of the Kitchen God. Habits and ideas are caused by life, and they depend on life itself to transform them. Nowadays, wealthy Xiguan people also have free time to enjoy art. They invite beautiful movie stars, including Zhang Yu, Chen Chong, Cong Shan, Liu Xiaoqing and Zhang Jinling, to be guests in their spacious homes. Of course, these are only stage photos. Hospitable hosts are waiting for their arrival in their third generation "farmhouse" full of mahogany furniture from the screen one day. No, when they arrive, the fourth generation housing of Xiguan people had been completed. It was a villa-style small building with a building area of 200 square meters, and its specifications, styles and cost will be comparable to those of "General Building" and "Commissioner Building". The old people living in this building will enjoy pension of 60 yuan per month and wage for seniority in the same way as the national employees. It is intriguing that the seniority of Xiguan people began to be calculated in 1978 when the Third Plenary Session was held.<br />
<br />
西关人在创造着崭新的西关文化,这是和物质文明相伴而来的精神文明。他们把自己生活的地方整个儿变成了一个大花园。<br />
<br />
Xiguan people are creating a brand-new Xiguan culture, which is a spiritual civilization accompanied by material civilization. They turned the whole place where they lived into a big garden.<br />
<br />
“西关文化”的创造,不能不追溯到最初滚动起“锈蚀的车圈”的人——党支部书记李德海。当党中央在三中全会上向全党发出新的指令,许多人还在互相询问“什么？刚才喊的是什么”的时候,李德海已经迎着发令枪的啸音弹跳了出去,成 为胶东改革“鱼肚白”时的一颗启明星!他利用巩固的集体经济,一下子转入了大工业,创造了一个又一个的胶东之最——最早达到人均分配1000元,最早实现电视村,最早在村里设了电话总机,最早修起农民公园,最早办起农民中等专科学校……现代化像个活蹦乱跳的怪物,猛烈地冲击着古朴的传统!<br />
<br />
The creation of Xiguan Culture must be traced back to Li Dehai, secretary of the Party branch, who first rolled up the "rusty car circle". When the CPC Central Committee issued new instructions to the whole party at the Third Plenary Session, many people were still asking each other, "What? What are these instructions?". But Li Dehai had bounced out against the whistling sound of the starting gun and became a star of Jiaodong's new reform! Taking advantage of the consolidated collective economy, he suddenly transferred to the big business, contributing the most to Jiaodong. Jiangdong was the first village where the distribution money was 1000 yuan per person, the first to have TV, the first to set up a telephone switchboard, the first to build a farmer park, and the first to set up a farmer secondary college... Modernization is like a living monster, violently impacting the quaint tradition!<br />
<br />
李德海语录<br />
<br />
Quotations from Li Dehai<br />
<br />
——向老皇历告别<br />
<br />
—Say Goodbye to the Old Chinese Almanac<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“正其义,不谋其利。君子谋道不谋食。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Everything is done for the sake of justice and not for personal gain. A gentleman pursuits Tao rather than food."<br />
<br />
李德海对经济学家薛暮桥说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai told economist Xue Muqiao:<br />
<br />
“‘大锅饭’”与社会主义,挫伤了群众的积极性。不是‘我要干’,而是‘要我干’, 离开干部的眼就耍熊。那时候都觉着干部难当,群众不好领导,但却找不到病根。三中全会以后,群众有了干劲。为什么？这是:人叫人干人不干,政策调动一大片。<br />
<br />
"Food prepared in a large canteen and socialism have dampened the enthusiasm of the masses. It's not 'I want to do it', but 'I am asked to do it'. If they leave cadres, they will act timidly. At that time, we all felt that it was difficult to be a cadre and lead the masses, but we could not find the answer. After the Third Plenary Session, the masses are active. Why? The conclusion is: people are reluctant when they are asked by other people, but policies can mobilize a large number of them."<br />
<br />
“从分配制度上我们是自负盈亏,应当说这是个好饭碗,但不是铁的,不好好干,碗里就没有东西,干得好,收入还不少于国家干部。所以,我们的生产积极性和服务态度可以比国营企业好。再一个,我们‘船小掉头快’,办事自己说了算。官不论大小,说了算就好。不用‘商议商议’‘研究研究’,搞公文旅行。有了这两条,再好好地研究市场,研究消费者需要什么,拾漏补缺,发挥自己的优势……”<br />
<br />
"From the distribution system, we are responsible for our own profits and losses. It should be said that this is a good rice bowl, but it is not an iron one. If we don't do well, there will be nothing in the bowl. If we do well, our income will not be less than that of national cadres. Therefore, our production enthusiasm and service attitude can be better than those of state-owned enterprises. Besides, we "turn around quickly because our ship is small", so we have the final say when dealing with things. It’s good for officials, big or small, to have the final say. We don’t have to ‘negotiate’ or ’study’ with others, leading to tedious and time-consuming process of files and documents. With these two advantages, we will further study the market well, study what consumers need, find out our mistakes, make up for them, and give full play to our own advantages..."<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“知识分子是臭老九……”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Intellectuals are Stinking Old Ninth (ten "castes" of Chinese: bureaucrats, officials, Buddhist monks, Taoist priests, physicians, workers, hunters, prostitutes, (ninth) Confucian scholars and finally beggars)..."<br />
<br />
李德海对某组织部长说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai said to an organization minister:<br />
<br />
“诸葛亮活了56岁,就是不能用人,一个人干,累死了。用兵就是用人,企业管理的核心就是管人,所以我的责任就是管人。管好这个生产力的‘最关键因素’。……官僚主义不爱惜人才,他需要奴才!经营一个企业,必须能拿到利润。靠拼体力,顶多能使利润慢慢地增长,而人才是‘核反应堆’,使利润成倍增长。<br />
<br />
"Zhuge Liang lived 56 years old, but he didn’t know how to find others’ potential, so he was tired to death. To use military forces is to employ talented people, and the core of enterprise management is to manage people, so my responsibility is to manage people. Managing this "most critical factor" in production... Bureaucracy doesn't care for talents, but needs sycophants! To run a business, you must be able to get profits. With labour, profits can grow slowly at best, while talents are "nuclear reactors", which can multiply profits.<br />
<br />
“管好人首先要责任明确。这要有两条保证:政治权力务实,经济利益直接。共产主义时代人们以最高的觉悟代替责任制,到那时应干的,没人不让干,有人不让干,我也要干,不应该给的没人给,有人给我也不要。这就是共产主义觉悟。过去的政治工作,整天翻档案,现在的政治工作,要转向为经济工作服务……<br />
<br />
"Managing people well must first require clear responsibilities. There are two guarantees: exercising political rights well and controlling one’s own benefits. In the Communist era, people replaced the responsibility system with the highest awareness. At that time, no one will refuse to do what should be done; I will still do what should be done even if I am not allowed to do it; no one will give what should not be given, and I will not receive it even if others give what should not be given to me. This is communist awareness. In the past, political work included turning over archives all day, but now political work should help to improve the economy... "<br />
<br />
“礼治君子,法治小人,棒子治驴。前两句是孔子的,后一句是我的。”<br />
<br />
"Courtesy governs the gentleman; law deals with the villain; sticks frighten donkey. The first two sentences are from Confucius and the latter sentence is from me."<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“新三年,旧三年,缝缝补补又三年。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "When you buy something to use, it is new for you in 3 years. Then it will become old in next 3 years. At last, it needs to be repaired to use in the last 3 years."<br />
<br />
李德海对新华社社长穆青说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai told Mu Qing, Xinhua News Agency President:<br />
<br />
“我不带头存款,我带头消费。消费可以刺激生产。低标准,低消费,自满自足的生活方式是小生产观念的反映。简朴是一种美德,但简朴不等于安贫。艰苦朴素是我们的传统,但不是我们追求的目的。西关大队要有300万存款就不好领导了,坐着吃利息,导致社会经济瘫痪。猪肥了不动弹。生产,分配,流通,消费,是商品的总体过程,高分配必须伴随着高消费。外国人能享受的,我们中国人到时候也能享受!我们规定:凡购买十四寸彩电者,每台补贴300元;凡购买电冰箱、电风扇、录音机、洗衣机者,每年补贴零售价的25% ;凡购买新式家具者,每件补贴购进价的10%,鼓励消费。现在全村彩电和新式家具已达到100%。"<br />
<br />
"I don't take the lead in saving money, but I take the lead in spending. Consumption can stimulate production. The lifestyle of low standard, low consumption and complacency is the reflection of the concept of small production. Simplicity is a virtue, but simplicity does not mean poverty. Hard work and plain living are our tradition, but they are not our goal. If Xiguan Brigade has a deposit of 3 million yuan, it will be difficult to lead, because people in this brigade will sit down and enjoy interest, leading to social and economic paralysis. Pigs don't move when they are fat. Production, distribution, circulation and consumption are the overall process of commodities, and high distribution must be accompanied by high consumption. What foreigners can enjoy, we Chinese can enjoy it then! Our policies are that those who buy 14-inch color TV sets will be subsidized by 300 yuan per TV; Those who buy refrigerators, electric fans, tape recorders and washing machines are subsidized by 25% of the retail price every year; For those who buy new furniture, 10% of the buying price is subsidized for each piece to encourage consumption. Now everyone has color TV sets and new furniture in the village. "<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“当一天和尚撞一天钟。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Go on tolling the bell as long as one is a monk."<br />
<br />
李德海对剧作家漠雁说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai said to Mo Yan, a playwright:<br />
<br />
“我一辈子欠两个人的情,一个是我母亲的情,一个是共产党的情。我们共产党人要干一天打算一辈子。作为一个共产党员,你那个单位搞不好,就起到了反对党的作用,因为你导致了群众对党的不满。我们是共产党人,我们要维护共产党的事业,共产党的事业要令人向往!是真拥护党的路线,还是假拥护党的路线,检验的标准是实践,你能为党办成一点事也好！如果我们每个共产党人都在中华民族历史上做出一点点贡献的话,共产主义的到来就会大大加快！生当作人杰,死亦为鬼雄,君子持德不图其报,我们这些人都是为党死而后已的人,个人有什么呢?”<br />
<br />
"I owe two people in my life. One is my mother and the other is the Communist Party. We Communists have to plan our whole life for one day. As a Communist Party member, if your department is not good, it means the Party is prevented from development, because you have caused the masses to be dissatisfied with the Party. We are Communists, so we should safeguard the cause of the Communist Party, which should be desirable! The standard of test is practice, checking whether you really support the party's line or not. And it is good that you can accomplish something for the party! If each of us communists makes a little contribution in the history of the Chinese nation, the arrival of communism will be greatly accelerated! Be man of men while you're alive, and soul of souls if you're dead. A gentleman with virtue doesn’t ask for rewards. We are all people who can die for the party. Does it matter for only a person?"<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“知足常乐,安贫乐道。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Be content with your current situation and a simple but virtuous life."<br />
<br />
李德海对笔者说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai said to the author:<br />
<br />
“我喜欢和文艺界的人交往,一是你们说的话不为准,二是能开阔我的眼界。<br />
<br />
"I like to associate with people in the literary and art circles. First, what you say does not need to be exact. Second, but you can broaden my horizons."<br />
<br />
“历史上改革者都没有好下场。商鞅变革被五马分尸,王安石变法掉了乌纱帽。大将不怕阵前亡,有心当改革者就不怕掉脑袋！对改革的两种看法,过去有, 现在有,将来也有！长六指的人本来是怪异,突然割了去也觉得像少了什么。改革者的前提是爱国主义精神。爱国主义精神是最大的精神文明。国家如有难,汝当做先锋。共产党人为改革敢于去攻碉堡,敢于捐躯铺路。我说应该给改革者立功, 评一级英雄！<br />
<br />
"Reformers have never come to a good end in history. Shang Yang was dismembered because of his reform, and Wang Anshi lost his job because of the New Policies. A general is not afraid of dying in the battle, and if one wants to be a reformer, he is not afraid of losing his life! There are two views on reform in the past, now and in the future! People with six fingers were originally weird, and suddenly they felt like something was missing when a finger was cut off. The premise of reformers is patriotism. Patriotism is the greatest spiritual civilization. If your country is in trouble, you should be a pioneer. Communists dare to attack bunkers and die for reform. I think that we should make meritorious deeds to reformers and evaluate first- level heroes!"<br />
<br />
“改革也不是一朝一夕的事情。国营企业没松绑那时候,我们是活人和死人打仗,那还没有个赢?现在一松绑,有些人还麻木不仁,真正想干点事的人,现在就该加快步伐整顿。<br />
<br />
"Reform cannot be completed in a matter of days. At that time, when power was not devolved to the state-owned enterprises, we were fighting with the dead, so will we lose? Now that state-owned companies have power, some people are still insensitive. Those who really want to do something should speed up the pace of rectification now."<br />
<br />
“做什么事情不能有把握了再干,有个五六成就动手啊,说不定一干就干成了。 万无一失、手拿把攥的方案是没有的,按部就班,那不叫改革！<br />
<br />
"We can’t do something after we are sure about it. When the possibility of success is beyond 50%, we can embark on reforms and maybe we will be successful. There is no plan to be foolproof. Sticking to the rules is not reform!"<br />
<br />
“你们写文章要实事求是,不要把改革者写成神。只要写出改革者的苦衷,写出他们为什么要这么做,就行了！让外面知道中国农民是有血性、有志气、有刚火、有才干的,是能够夸耀于整个人类的！”<br />
<br />
"You should seek truth from facts when writing articles, and don't regard reformers as gods. Just write down the difficulties of reformers and why they did it! Let the outside know that Chinese farmers are enthusiastic, upright, ambitious, competent and talented, and can be praised among the whole mankind!"<br />
<br />
黄昏中的曲线<br />
<br />
Curvy Figures in the Dusk<br />
<br />
——向封建礼教告别<br />
<br />
—Say goodbye to Feudal Ethics<br />
<br />
一个小小的村子,一下拿出20万元,建起两个露天游泳池,在全国也许是第 一家。<br />
<br />
A small village spent 200,000 yuan at a time on two outdoor swimming pools, which may be the first one in China.<br />
<br />
西关游泳池开放那天,正逢我在他们大队采访,那是7月16日,头一天,李德 海到游泳池边巡视一圈,觉得这里少了点什么,当即把大修厂厂长和玩具厂的厂长叫了来:<br />
<br />
On the opening day of Xiguan Swimming Pool, I was interviewing their brigade. It was July 16. Before the day, Li Dehai visited the swimming pool and felt that there was something missing here. He immediately called the director of a garage and a toy factory:<br />
<br />
“搞两个跳水台,两个更衣室,要符合规格,美观大方,明天早晨我来看！”<br />
<br />
"Build two diving platforms and two locker rooms, which should meet the specifications and be beautiful and tasteful. I will come to see them tomorrow morning!"<br />
<br />
两位厂长不敢怠慢,连夜带领工人铆、焊、锯、接,第二天来参加剪彩仪式的人们瞠目结舌,游泳池端神话般地立起两个高高的跳水台,那是足以和“奥运会”赛场上的跳水台媲美的,另外还有两个小别墅式的浅绿色的更衣室。<br />
<br />
The two factory directors did not dare to neglect, so they led the workers to do their jobs, welding and sawing overnight. The people who came to attend the ribbon-cutting ceremony the next day were stunned. Erected at the end of the swimming pool surprisingly were two high diving platforms, which were comparable to the diving platforms in the Olympic Games. There were also two small villa-style light green locker rooms.<br />
<br />
姑娘们不好意思走近游泳池跟前,用正眼去看那些裸露着肌肤的小伙子们,但新生活的浪花毕竟有巨大的吸引力,小伙子们在池中的每一声拍击都回荡着文明的呼唤。<br />
<br />
Girls were embarrassed to approach the swimming pool and look at the bare-skinned boys, but after all, the waves of new life had great attraction, and every slap of the boys in the pool echoed the call of civilization.<br />
<br />
于是,有两位姑娘挺身而出,在黄昏时起程,开始了向文明的过渡——她们带着羞颜租了游泳衣和救生圈,在晚霞中显露出自己优美的曲线——世界突然发现了她们,她们解下了束在身上的封建礼教,勇敢地向水中跳去,让肌肤贴着新生活的潮流。<br />
<br />
So, two girls stepped forward and set out at dusk to the transition of civilization. They rented swimming suits and lifebuoys with shame, and showed their beautiful curves in the sunset. The world suddenly found them. They took off the feudal ethics tied around their bodies and bravely jumped into the water, letting their skin feel the trend of new life.<br />
<br />
不幸的是,像任何的开拓和探索,都会遇到风浪和波折,一位姑娘不慎将救生圈脱手,这里的水深是2米至4米,她陷于“灭顶之灾”。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, like any development and exploration, there will be storms and difficulties in the process. A girl didn’t seize her lifebuoy accidentally. The water depth here was 2 meters to 4 meters, and she was in danger.<br />
<br />
她的伙伴拼命为她呼喊:“快来救命呀!”<br />
<br />
Her partner shouted desperately for her: "Help!"<br />
<br />
在隔壁池里游泳的小伙子们,开始以为是一个玩笑,当发现是事实时,他们比任何时候都更踊跃,争先恐后地游上前来扶腰、托腿、拉臂、抱头……<br />
<br />
The boys swimming in the next pool began to think it was a joke. When it was found to be true, they were more active than ever, scrambling to swim forward to grab her waist, support her legs, pull her arms and hold her heads...<br />
<br />
两个姑娘回到了更衣室。<br />
<br />
The two girls returned to the dressing room.<br />
<br />
功勋卓绝的小伙子们都不想离去,刚才忙于救护,没有看清两个“开拓者”的芳颜,他们静静地守候在更衣室的门口,像等待着女皇加冕仪式……<br />
<br />
Boys helping a lot didn't want to leave. They just got busy with rescue, so they didn't see the two "pioneers" clearly. They waited quietly at the door of the locker room, like waiting for the coronation ceremony of the Queen...<br />
<br />
撕去封建礼教的遮布,他们也忽然发现了自己的姐妹,发现了美的曲线!<br />
<br />
Tearing off the cloth of feudal ethics, they suddenly discovered their sisters and the curve of beauty!<br />
<br />
但是,使他们大为失望的是,两位姑娘不愿以失败者的面目出现在异性面 前——从后门悄悄离去了!<br />
<br />
However, to their great disappointment, the two girls did not want to appear in front of the opposite sex as losers, so they quietly left through the back door!<br />
<br />
游泳池小小的涟漪冲击进西关大队办公室,有人把它传为险情,有人把它当作逸闻,胆子大的人们对李德海进谏:<br />
<br />
The small ripples in the swimming pool spread across the office of Xiguan Brigade. Some people regarded it as a danger, others regarded it as an anecdote. Some courageous people advised Li Dehai:<br />
<br />
“你修那个游泳池太深了,穆铁柱下去也不露头!”<br />
<br />
"That swimming pool you have built is too deep, and Mu Tiezhu (he is more than 2 memters) can be drowned when he went down!"<br />
<br />
“外国说儿童游泳对身体有好处,咱的池子那么深,儿童更下不去！”<br />
<br />
"Foreign countries say that swimming for children is good for their health. Our pool is so deep that children can't get down!"<br />
<br />
李德海没有回答,久久地沉默着。猛然,他拿起电话:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai did not answer and remained silent for a long time. Suddenly, he picked up the phone:<br />
<br />
“给我接建筑队……许经理吗?你来一下。”<br />
<br />
"Call the construction team... Manager Xu? Come here."<br />
<br />
李德海把建筑队的经理领到游泳池边,用手一指:“在这里再挖一个游泳池,一米五深。3天以内把土方挖完,5天砌好!”<br />
<br />
Li Dehai led the manager of the construction team to the swimming pool and pointed with his finger: "Dig another swimming pool here with the depth of 1.5 meters. Dig the earthwork within 3 days and build it in 5 days!"<br />
<br />
推土机隆隆地开上了那块古老的土地,要为姐妹们开辟ー个文明的渡口……<br />
<br />
Bulldozers rumbled on the ancient land to open up civilized ferry crossings for sisters...<br />
<br />
不久,新游泳池建成,姐妹们不必再用黄昏和暮色遮掩你们的曲线,在正午的阳光下走来吧,如果你们愿意,也不妨穿上比基尼泳装,新文明的春光属于你们的父兄,当然也属于你们!<br />
<br />
Soon, the new swimming pool was built. Sisters, you don't have to cover your curves with dusk and twilight. Come in the midday sun. If you like, you may as well wear bikinis. The spring of new civilization belongs to your father and brother, and of course it belongs to you!<br />
<br />
文明大厦的崛起<br />
<br />
The Rise of Civilization Building<br />
<br />
——向愚昧告别<br />
<br />
—Say goodbye to Ignorance<br />
<br />
李德海在西关创办了全中国第一座农民中专。<br />
<br />
Li Dehai founded the first farmers’ technical secondary school in Xiguan.<br />
<br />
西关农民中专设有乡镇商业和乡镇企业机械制造两个专业,今年首批招生 100名,也就是说,以后每年都将有100个“孙智坤”跨进这个全国第一个由农村生产队兴办的中等专科学校。<br />
<br />
Xiguan Farmers' Technical Secondary School has two majors: township commerce and township enterprise machinery manufacturing. This year, 100 students were enrolled first, that is to say, every year, 100 "Sun Zhikun" will step into the first secondary school set up by rural production teams in China.<br />
<br />
这所学校投资55万元,对于一个农村生产队,是一笔不小的数目。如今,这所文明的大厦已经矗立在宁海湖边。李德海兼任这所农民中专的校长,聘请山东经济学院院长张文杰为名誉校长,并聘请了13名大专毕业的教师。招生对象是高中毕业或具有同等学力的农村青年,参加全省农民中专统一招生考试。学制两年。学习期满、考试合格者,学校发给毕业证书。愿留西关村工作者,经半年实习录用,享受中专毕业生待遇,上学期间学费由西关村退给本人,并每月追发补贴30元。<br />
<br />
This school has invested 550,000 yuan, which is not a small amount of money for a rural production team. Today, this civilization building has stood by Ninghai Lake. Li Dehai is also the principal of this farmer technical secondary school, and Zhang Wenjie, president of Shandong Institute of Economics, is invited as honorary principal. 13 college graduates are hired. Prospective students are rural youth who graduated from high school or have the same educational level, who can participate in the entrance examination of farmers' technical secondary schools in the whole province. The length of schooling is two years. The school will issue graduation certificates to those who pass the examination after the completion of their studies. Workers who are willing to stay in Xiguan Village enjoy the treatment like technical secondary school graduates after half a year's internship. Tuition fees will be refunded to them by Xiguan Village during school, and 30 yuan will be subsidized every month.<br />
<br />
兴办这所中专的深远意义还在于从知识结构上改造农民队伍,由“体力型”转向“智力型”,使之适应现代化的需要,李德海已经看到,仅靠业余教育已远远不够,靠招聘也非长远之计。<br />
<br />
The far-reaching significance of setting up this technical secondary school lies in transforming the farmer’s team from "physical strength" to "intelligence" in terms of knowledge structure, so as to meet the needs of modernization. Li Dehai has seen that amateur education alone is far from enough, and recruitment is not a long-term solution.<br />
<br />
这里要提一笔的是,李德海的招贤纳士在胶东是闻名的。这里没有门户之见, 招聘来的人可以当厂长,当经理,拿西关最高工薪。在1000多名外来人中,人才济济、藏龙卧虎。他们中有会四种外语的经济专家、有机械行业闻名的工程师、有部队离休的团政治委员、有黄埔军校的军医、有“余热发电”的退休教师、有劳改释放的技术员、有李宗仁主持过婚礼的“右派厂长”、有走投无路想跳水库的技术科长、有备受打击的会计师、有逃婚在外的少女、有被哥嫂打出来的孤儿……<br />
<br />
It should be mentioned here that Li Dehai is famous for recruiting talents in Jiaodong. There is no bias against diploma here. The recruits can be factory directors and managers to get the highest salary in Xiguan. Among more than 1,000 outsiders, there are many talented people and undiscovered talents. Among them are economists who can speak four foreign languages, famous engineers in the machinery industry, retired political commissars of the regiment, military doctors of Republic of China Military Academy, retired teachers who still would like to make contributions in spare time, technicians released after the reform through labor, "right-wing factory director" who had a wedding presided by Li Zongren, technical section chief who had no way out to jump into the reservoir, accountants who have been lashed out, girls who have escaped from marriage, and orphans who have been beaten by their brothers and sisters...<br />
<br />
这些人在西关都找到了自己的位置,成为一个有用的人,为西关的起飞做出了贡献!<br />
<br />
These people have found their own position in Xiguan, become available to the society, and made contributions to the take-off of Xiguan!<br />
<br />
愚昧,不仅在于没有文化,更在于对文化的轻视和践踏!<br />
<br />
Ignorance lies not only in lack of culture, but also in contempt for and trampling on culture!<br />
<br />
随着党风的改进和企业的竞争,这些人才的社会来源将越来越少,西关应有自己的文化大厦,从里面走出自己的厂长、工程师、会计师、技术员。<br />
<br />
With the improvement of the Party's work style and the competition of enterprises, social sources of these talents will become less and less. Xiguan should have its own cultural building, from which its own factory directors, engineers, accountants and technicians will be nurtured.<br />
<br />
这就是1984年春天,在病中的李德海为什么急切地把厂长们叫到床前,分派木材厂做桌椅板凳和床铺,分派商场配备炊事用具、教学用具,分派总务主任置办办公设备。而有关人才的选聘,都是李德海亲顾茅庐。<br />
<br />
This is why in the spring of 1984, Li Dehai, who was ill, eagerly called the factory directors to the bed, assigned the timber factory to make tables, chairs, stool and beds, assigned the shopping mall to be equipped with cooking utensils and teaching utensils, and assigned the general affairs director to buy office equipment. And the selection and employment of talents are all managed by Li Dehai.<br />
<br />
有一天,烟台职业教育局一位处长向李德海传信,本县西留格庄联中有一位哈尔滨商校毕业的民办教师。李德海立时从炕上爬起——学校正缺商业专科教师, 他拉上县教育局的离休干部曲维涛登上吉普车。<br />
<br />
One day, a director of Yantai Vocational Education Bureau sent a message to Li Dehai, saying that there was an uncertified teacher who graduated from Harbin Commercial College in Liugezhuang Union Middle School of the western county. Li Dehai immediately climbed up from the heatable brick bed, because the school was short of business college teachers. He asked Qu Weitao, a retired cadre of the county education bureau, and boarded the jeep.<br />
<br />
天已中午,他连午饭也顾不上吃,滴着虚汗,操纵着方向盘,像一个往前方抢运弹药的火线驾驶员。<br />
<br />
It was already noon, but he can't even attend the lunch. Dripping with sweat, steering the steering wheel, he was like a driver rushing forward to transport ammunition.<br />
<br />
汽车径直开到那位教师的家门前,那位教师不知发生了什么事情,因为从来没 有坐吉普车的人来找过他。<br />
<br />
The jeep drove straight to the teacher's door. He didn’t know what happened, because no one in the jeep had ever come to him.<br />
<br />
“孔老师,我是来求贤的！”李德海进门第一句话这样说。<br />
<br />
"Mr. Kong, I'm here to seek talents!" Li Dehai said in the first sentence when he entered the house.<br />
<br />
这位被岁月夺走了青春的民办教师名叫孔庆埠,1957年商校毕业后,几十年来,他的专业一直没有得以应用。<br />
<br />
This uncertified teacher, who was not in his prime, was named Kong Qingbu. After graduating from business school in 1957, he has not applied his expertise for decades.<br />
<br />
“你在商校都学过一些什么课程?……西关中专准备设商业班,你愿不愿意应聘?”<br />
<br />
"What courses have you studied in business schools?... We are preparing to set up a business class in Xiguan Technical Secondary School. Are you willing to join us?"<br />
<br />
“二十多年了,学过的东西都忘了。有些知识也老化了。”<br />
<br />
"It has been over twenty years, so I have forgotten what I have learned. Some knowledge is not new."<br />
<br />
“忘了可以复习,比没有学过要强。去了以后可以边干边学,教学空闲到别的学校走一走,自己深造!”<br />
<br />
"You can review it even if you forget it, and forgetting knowledge is better than not learning. After you come to our school, you can learn knowledge while working, take a walk in other schools when you are free to pursue advanced studies!"<br />
<br />
这个被遗忘在穷山沟里20多年的商校毕业生,做梦也没想到自己的专业还会再有用武之地。他的结发妻子和3个孩子在一边眼巴巴地看着他。<br />
<br />
This business school graduate, who has been forgotten in the poor ravine for more than 20 years, never dreamed that his major would be useful again. His wife and three children watched him eagerly.<br />
<br />
“如果西关需要,李书记你瞧得起,我去！只是不知学校和乡里同意不同意。”<br />
<br />
"If Xiguan needs me and you think highly of me, I'll go! I just don't know if the school and the township agree or not."<br />
<br />
“由我来办!”<br />
<br />
"I'll do it!"<br />
<br />
李德海又登上吉普车,奔学校,奔乡政府去通融。这样一桩复杂的“人事”,从出车到事情定盘,总共用了40分钟的时间。3天以后,孔庆埠已经成了李德海家里的座上客了！<br />
<br />
Li Dehai boarded the jeep again, ran to the school and the township government to bend the rules. Such a complicated thing took a total of 40 minutes from getting out of the car to making a deal. Three days later, Kong Qingbu has become a guest at Li Dehai's home!<br />
<br />
第八章故乡的足音<br />
<br />
Chapter 8 Sound of Footsteps in Hometown<br />
<br />
1984年阴历大年初一,宁海镇举行了有史以来的第一次农民队伍的检阅。<br />
<br />
On the Chinses New Year's Day in 1984, Ninghai Town held the first ever inspection of farmers’ teams.<br />
<br />
迎着早春的霞光,壮阔的万人长队穿过古老而年轻的镇街。<br />
<br />
Facing the glow of early spring, 10,000 people queuing passed through the ancient and young town streets, which was magnificent.<br />
<br />
走在最前面的方队,是宁海镇的农民仪仗队,由120名乡镇企业的男女青年组 成,身穿一色的将军呢制服,戴着白手套,他们高举着彩旗,吹奏着军乐。他们吹奏“国歌”,吹奏“镇歌”——<br />
<br />
The front formation was the honor guard of farmers in Ninghai Town, which was composed of 120 young men and women wearing the same color of general uniforms and white gloves from township enterprises. They held high colorful flags and played military music. They played the national anthem and the town song—<br />
<br />
前进,英雄的宁海人民,<br />
<br />
Forward, heroic Ninghai people,<br />
<br />
党的路线指引着我们向新的时代进军!<br />
<br />
the Party's line guides us to March into a new era!<br />
<br />
我们顶天立地,<br />
<br />
We are indomitable spirit,<br />
<br />
倒悬沧海,<br />
<br />
hanging upside down in the sea,<br />
<br />
吞吐乾坤,<br />
<br />
inhaling and exhaling between heaven and earth,<br />
<br />
敢当历史的巨人。<br />
<br />
and becoming a giant of history.<br />
<br />
勇于开拓,<br />
<br />
Be brave in pioneering,<br />
<br />
万众一心,<br />
<br />
Unite as one,<br />
<br />
向着光辉灿烂的目标,<br />
<br />
Towards a brilliant goal,<br />
<br />
前进,前进,再前进!<br />
<br />
Forward, forward, forward again!<br />
<br />
写着2000年的巨大的火车头开过来了（里面罩着汽车）!它喷吐着浓烟,拉着汽笛;它运行的节奏,震撼着大地,它象征着历史的列车飞速奔驰。<br />
<br />
The huge locomotive with the words 2000 was coming (cars were in it)! It spewed smoke and pulled the whistle; The rhythm of its operation shook the earth. It symbolized that history was developing fast like a zooming train.<br />
<br />
紧跟在后面的,是西关大队。“大黄河”上载着男女社员装扮的“八仙过海”。连续3年人均分配千元的西关人,意气风发地跟在1984年夺得700万纯利润的彩牌车后。他们无愧于是胶东改革的火车头!<br />
<br />
Closely followed was Xiguan Brigade. In the "Great Yellow River" were "eight immortals" dressed up by male and female members. Xiguan people, who have been allocated 1,000 yuan per capita for three consecutive years, exuberantly followed the colorful car with a net profit of 7 million yuan in 1984. They are worthy of being the locomotive of reform in Jiaodong!<br />
<br />
最先和西关争雄的新牟人追上来了! 20辆幸福摩托车在前面开路,像欢迎某国的总统。气势磅礴的“大解放”车队,分别装有“龙凤呈祥”和大队出产的各种工业品的模型转塔。比这更夺目的是他们打出了在新的一年要实现人均分配2000元的彩牌!站在街两旁“吃国库粮”的观众无不为之瞠目结舌。<br />
<br />
The first to compete with Xiguan was Xinmou people who have caught up! 20 Xingfu motorcycles opened the way in front, like welcoming the president of a certain country. The magnificent "Great Liberation" motorcade was equipped with model turrets of "prosperity brought by the dragon and the phoenix" and various products produced by the brigade. What was more striking than this was that they have printed the color card of 2000 yuan per capita in the new year! The audience who had urban household registration standing on both sides of the street was stunned.<br />
<br />
东油坊的方队、王家疃的方队、王贺庄的方队、孔家疃的方队、文化里的方队……一个方队,一排奔腾的浪涛！<br />
<br />
Dongyoufang's formation, Wang village's formation, Wanghezhuang's formation, Kong village's formation, Wenhuali's square team... a formation was like rushing waves!<br />
<br />
——这是真正的男子汉的方队！队伍里集合了不同年龄、不同气质的应稼汉, 他们穿上了一色的“料子服”。那是饱经风霜,像油画《父亲》ー样的面孔,那是涂着古铜色的油彩,像黄河船夫一样的面孔,那是有着目光像铁块一样坚定的面孔, 那是有着额角像大理石一样平展的面孔。无数流逝的岁月在他们的手上磨起了老茧,崎岖的路程膨胀了他们腿上的筋脉。作为共和国大厦的地基,他们嶙峋的肩架上曾背起过大庆的井架,他们的手腕曾擎起过联合国大厦上的五星红旗!今天他们用新的智慧充实了自己的大脑,用新的物质延长了自己的手臂,在这片古老的大地上开动了马达,建筑起大厦,奏响了仙乐,浇灌出鲜花,创建了法则,塑造了时代! 他们扬起男子汉的头颅,那是成熟了的思想果实,历尽了人间的雨雪风霜;他们的双脚是锋利的耧角,在时代的沟垄里插下希望和奇迹——为了使每一个母亲不再为生活垂泪,为使每一个妻子不再为辛劳早衰,为了使每一个女儿不再出卖美丽的发辫,为了使每一个童心的幻想不遭受摧残……<br />
<br />
This was the real man's formation! Wearing the same color of woolen uniform, farmers of different ages and temperament gathered in the team. It was a weather-beaten face like the oil painting "Father", a face painted with bronze, a face like the Yellow River boatman, a face with firm eyes like iron blocks, and a face with flat forehead like marble. Calluses on their hands were caused by past years, and tendons on their legs were expanded because of the rugged journey. As the foundation of the Republic Building, they once carried the derrick of Daqing on their bony shoulders, and their wrists once held the five-star red flag on the United Nations Building! Today, they enrich their brains with new wisdom, extend their arms with new materials, start motors, build buildings, play beautiful music, water flowers, create laws and shape the times in this ancient land! They raise the head of a man, which is the fruit of mature thought and has experienced the rain, snow, wind and frost on earth. Their feet are sharp farming tools, growing hopes and miracles in the furrows and ridges of the times. Because they don’t want to make every mother stop crying for life, make every wife stop aging prematurely for hard work, make every daughter stop selling beautiful braids, and make every childlike fantasy not destroyed...<br />
<br />
——这是以贤良、勤劳闻名的胶东妇女方队！她们步履整齐,也和男子汉们一样,穿上了一色的呢料服装,她们舍弃了那打着补丁的衣服和打着补丁的日子。她们来自窄窄的磨道,来自低矮的灶台,来自茂密而炎热的青纱帐,来自古老小河边的棒槌石。她们集合在时代的旗帜下,脚上不再像祖母和母亲那样裹着缠足布,脸上不像昨日那样带有菜色。男子汉们不会忘记你们,你们用自己的忍饥受饿支撑了贫穷的日子,你们用工巧的针线缝补了艰涩的岁月。胃袋里的瓜蔓、树皮曾早谢了你们的青春,寒冷的秋霜冬雪染白了你们的鬓发！是你们把辛勤养育的儿子和兄弟送给人民军队,让他们用胸膛守卫国疆。为了每ー个父亲、丈夫、儿子都能体面地活在世上,你们把自己的生命变成燃烧的烛光。而今你们挺起了丰满的身躯, 衣襟在行进中旗帜一样飘起,像走向丰收的田野,去收获稻谷,去收获商品,收获汽笛一样欢乐的笑声和锻锤一样凝重的尊严,补偿那歉收的年景……<br />
<br />
This was the formation of Jiaodong women, who were famous for their virtue and diligence! They walked neatly and wore the same color of woolen clothes as men. They gave up the patched clothes and bad days. They come from narrow mill roads, low stoves, thick and hot green fields, and sticks used to pound clothes in washing by ancient rivers. They gather under the banner of the times, and their feet are no longer wrapped in foot-binding cloth like their grandmother and mother, and their faces were not that pale as they were yesterday. Men will never forget you. You have experienced the poor days by suffering from hunger, and you have sewed up the difficult years with skillful needles and threads. The vines and bark in the stomach were in your youth, and the cold autumn frost and winter snow have dyed your sideburns white! It was you who gave your hard-raised sons and brothers to the people's army and asked them to guard the country with their chests. To make every father, husband and son live decently in the world, you turned your life into a burning candlelight. Now you have stood up your plump bod with your skirts floating like flags while marching, like heading for a bumper harvest field to harvest rice, goods, joyful laughter like whistles and dignity like forging hammers, and compensating for the poor harvest year...<br />
<br />
游行队伍里有歌声的舒展,舞姿的奔放,雄狮的跳跃,长龙的奔腾,这是从历史深处走出来的土地的灵魂！<br />
<br />
In the parade, there were relaxing songs, enthusiastic dance, jumping lions and rushing dragons, which were the soul of the land coming out from the depths of history!<br />
<br />
沸腾的宁海镇！激动的宁海镇！<br />
<br />
Ninghai Town with a cacophony of voices! Excited Ninghai Town!<br />
<br />
这队伍像解冻的冰川,你可以听到冰块向前流动的互相撞击声;这队伍是流淌的岩浆,你可以感受到那炙烤肌肤的热风,它冲决了凝固了几千年的传统,一直向前、向前,什么力量也不能把它阻挡！<br />
<br />
This team was like a thawed glacier, and you can hear the sound of ice flowing forward and hitting each other. This team was flowing magma, and you can feel the hot air blowing your skin. It broke the rooted tradition that had been for thousands of years, kept moving forward, and no force can stop it!<br />
<br />
这支按共产党人的构思组合起来的队伍,不再是黄巢的散兵,不再是李自成的败伍,他们是新时期的胶东子弟兵纵队,集合在镰刀、斧头的旗帜下,走进了伟大的中国改革史诗之页,冲撞着21世纪的横线……<br />
<br />
This team combined according to the idea of the communists is no longer Huang Chao’s stragglers and disbanded soldiers or Li Zicheng’s defeated soilders. They are the Jiaodong’s military columns in the new era, who gather under the banner of sickle and axe and are written on the page of the great Chinese reform epic, breaching the barrier of the 21st century...<br />
<br />
（原载《解放军文艺》1985年第5期）<br />
<br />
(Originally published in the People's Liberation Army Literature and Art, Issue 5, 1985)<br />
<br />
==卷二：3.理论狂人 Volume 2: 3.Theory Fanatic==<br />
<br />
理论狂人<br />
<br />
Theory Fanatic<br />
<br />
——献给一位无名经济理论家<br />
<br />
—To a Unsung Economic Theorist<br />
<br />
陈祖芬<br />
<br />
Chen Zufen<br />
<br />
这里就是罗陀斯,就在这里跳跃吧!<br />
<br />
Hic Rhodus, hic salta! <br />
<br />
这里就有玫瑰花,就在这里跳舞吧!<br />
<br />
Here is the rose, here dance! <br />
<br />
——马克思<br />
<br />
—Karl Marx<br />
<br />
夏时制与变革的强制性<br />
<br />
Mandatory for Daylight Saving Time and Reform<br />
<br />
“从北京开往西安的35次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间8点06分。<br />
<br />
"The No.35 train from Beijing to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 8:06."<br />
<br />
“从成都开往西安的238次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间9点12分。<br />
<br />
"The No.238 train from Chengdu to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 9:12."<br />
<br />
“从太原开往西安的425次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间9点52分。<br />
<br />
"The No.425 train from Taiyuan to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 9:52."<br />
<br />
“从上海开往乌鲁木齐的53次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间11点16分。<br />
<br />
"The No.53 train from Shanghai to Urumqi has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 11:16."<br />
<br />
“从广州开往西安的273次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间12点56分。<br />
<br />
"The No.273 train from Guangzhou to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 12:56."<br />
<br />
“从郑州开往西安的4次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间4点14分。”<br />
<br />
"The No.4 trains from Zhengzhou to Xi'an have arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 4:14."<br />
<br />
每次播音员的话音一落,列车里便站起一个个激动不安、迫不及待的记者和学者。1986年5月,从四面八方开往西安的列车和飞机上,突然冒出了这么多“心动过速”的人们——他们的心,早就超越了火车和飞机的速度到达了西安。《人民日报》的记者心急火燎地从北京开着皇冠车,星夜兼程地驰向古都西安。《羊城晚报》的记者,一听说我国20世纪以来发掘的最大的墓葬揭椁开棺,跳上小车去赶广州开往西安的飞机。<br />
<br />
Every time when the announcer finished his words, excited journalists and scholars can’t wait to stand up in the train. In May 1986, on the trains and planes heading for Xi'an from all directions, so many people with "tachycardia" suddenly appeared—their hearts had already surpassed the speed of trains and planes to reach Xi'an. Reporters of People's Daily drove the Toyota Crown from Beijing anxiously to Xi'an, the ancient Chinses capital, all night. Hearing that the largest tomb excavated in China since the 20th century would be uncovered, reporters of Yangcheng Evening News jumped into a car to catch the plane from Guangzhou to Xi'an.<br />
<br />
2600年前建造的这个秦公一号大墓,为研究中国奴隶社会的政治、经济、文化,提供了大量的实物资料。<br />
<br />
The tomb of Duke Jing of Qin built 2,600 years ago provides a lot of materials for studying the politics, economy and culture of Chinese slave society.<br />
<br />
按照马克思主义的历史观,铁器是封建社会生产力水平的一种标志。然而秦公一号大墓,一方面以180多个殉葬的棺椁把秦国的奴隶制社会无可辩驳地展现在我们面前,另一方面又以已经出土的十多件精良的铁器,撼动了关于铁器的标志说。难道秦人也要向马克思主义挑战?我夹杂在“发掘热”的人群里走进了西去的列车。不过我不是想去发掘秦俑的。我要去发掘一个也许是当今了不起的经济理论家。我相信这个人的探索可以为今天中国的经济体制改革提供一些理论依据。<br />
<br />
According to the Marxist view of history, iron is a symbol of the production level in feudal society. However, the tomb of Duke Jing of Qin consisting of over 180 coffins, on the one hand, have irrefutably displayed the slave society of Qin in front of us. On the other hand, more than ten excellent ironware have been unearthed, changing the view of ironware. Do Qin people also challenge Marxism? I walked into the train going west in the crowd obsessed with "excavation rush". But I don't want to see Terracotta Army. I'm going to find a great economic theorist today. I believe this man's exploration can provide some theoretical basis for China's economic system reform today.<br />
<br />
5月4日。我搭乘的279次列车是晚8点多开车。我掐着时间走进列车,一看 表,怎么才7点多?是不是我家里那只钟走错了?还是我糊里糊涂地早走了一小时?可我也不至于这么错乱呵!现在到底是7点还是8点?<br />
<br />
On May 4th, my No.279 train should leave at 8 o'clock in the evening. I calculated the time to walk into the train and look at my watch. Why was it only about 7 o'clock? Was the clock in my house going wrong? Or did I leave an hour early in a confused way? But I would not do it so unwittingly! Was it 7 o'clock or 8 o'clock?<br />
<br />
车窗口的两位穿着蓝西服和灰西服的公民同时亮出表:8点。<br />
<br />
Two citizens in blue suits and gray suits at the train window showed their watches: 8 o'clock.<br />
<br />
但是蓝西服说:“我也搞不清几点了。”<br />
<br />
But the one in blue suit said, "I don't know what time it is either."<br />
<br />
灰西服也说:“我也搞不清几点了。”<br />
<br />
The one in grey suit also said, "I also don't know what time it is."<br />
<br />
表上明明显示着8点,为什么又说搞不清?莫非我走进了一个荒诞派小说的 规定情境?<br />
<br />
The watch clearly showed 8 o'clock, but why did they say they can't figure it out? Had I entered a scene set in an absurd novel?<br />
<br />
又有一个乘客满在行地说:“现在时间不是往前挪了一小时吗。”<br />
<br />
Another passenger seemed an expert, and he said, "Isn't the time moving forward for an hour now?"<br />
<br />
挪前挪后?到底是挪前还是挪后?<br />
<br />
Moving forward and backward? Was it moving forward or backward?<br />
<br />
“今天开始实行夏时制,”终于有了一个大致正常的人,“时针不是往前拨了一小时吗,所以现在的8点就是原来的9点。”<br />
<br />
"Daylight saving time has been implemented since today," finally we got a person who can figure out the current situation. "Isn't the hour hand set forward for an hour, so now 8 o'clock is the original 9 o'clock."<br />
<br />
“不对,现在的8点是原来的7点。”<br />
<br />
"No, the current 8 o'clock is the original 7 o'clock."<br />
<br />
对了!我的表没有拨过,所以才7点。我自己清醒过来后,这オ注意到乘客们愕然不解的眼神,迷乱惶恐的眼神,忧烦木讷的眼神,而在这些眼神的后面,是一种不愿意适应、又不能不适应夏时制而无所适从、无可奈何的被动心理。<br />
<br />
That's right! My watch hadn't been reset, so it was seven o'clock. After I figured it out, I noticed the passengers' startled, confused and worried eyes. And behind these eyes, there was a kind of passive psychology that they were unwilling to adapt to, but had to adapt to daylight saving time, so they were at a loss and helpless.<br />
<br />
夏时制真是一个“不受欢迎的人”。<br />
<br />
Daylight saving time is really an "unwelcome person".<br />
<br />
又有人喊了一嗓子:“每天得提前一小时起床,乱了套了！反正,活的活,死的死吧!”<br />
<br />
Another person shouted: "I have to get up one hour in advance every day, which is a mess! Anyway, we will live or die!"<br />
<br />
有那么严重吗?实行夏时制,又不会像长工资似的,谁多长一级,谁少长一 级——谁也不会因此而亏了一小时。绝对的平均主义！明明谁也没有吃亏。明明谁也不用为此付出多大代价。明明按照日、地运动的规律办事,就可以节约能源, 所以夏时制又叫经济时制。明明在1916年,德、法、英、意等等国家就已采用夏时制了,但是1986年中国的夏时制,还是招来了那么多的惶惶然和愤愤然。<br />
<br />
Was it that serious? The implementation of daylight saving time will not be like the increase of salary, and no one will lose or get the hourly wage—no one will lose an hour. Absolute egalitarianism! Clearly, no one suffered losses. Clearly no one had to pay much for it. Clearly, according to the law of the movement of the sun and the earth, we can save energy, so daylight saving time is also called money saving time. It was clear that in 1916, Germany, France, Britain, Italy and other countries had adopted daylight saving time, but in 1986, China's daylight saving time still attracted so much panic and indignation.<br />
<br />
“我独不解中国人何以于旧状况那么心平气和,于较新的机运就这么疾首蹙额;于已成之局那么委屈求全,于初兴之事就这么求全责备?”对我重复着这句话的,自然是鲁迅了。<br />
<br />
"I don't understand why the Chinese people are so calm in the old situation, but they frown at new opportunities; they compromise on something written in the stars but blame for new things?" It was Lu Xun who repeated this sentence to me.<br />
<br />
车厢里响起了很新潮的歌:<br />
<br />
A very trendy song played in the carriage:<br />
<br />
阿里,阿里巴巴,<br />
<br />
Ali, Ali Baba,<br />
<br />
阿里巴巴是个快乐的青年。<br />
<br />
Ali Baba is a happy young man.<br />
<br />
不管阿里是不是快乐的青年,反正听这种歌就是感受一种情绪。感受到这种情绪的,便都成了快乐的青年。<br />
<br />
Whether Ali was a happy young man or not, listening to this song was to feel an emotion. Those who can feel this emotion became happy young people.<br />
<br />
实行夏时制的中国,也正像一个快乐的青年,一个处在思想活跃期的青年。<br />
<br />
China, which had implemented daylight saving time, was just like a happy youth, a youth in an active period of thinking.<br />
<br />
车厢里的灯突然全黑了。怎么这么早就黑灯了?我跑到车厢过道的灯下看 表,可不,才9点嘛,应该10点熄灯的嘛。哦,对了,我到现在还没有拨过手表,我 以为反正知道夏时制就行了,连表都懒得拨一下。结果是一下熄了灯,连上床的思想准备都没有。我摘下手表,乖乖地往前拨快一小时。看来变革往往带有强制性,不可能都有了思想准备才变革的。<br />
<br />
All the lights in the carriage suddenly went dark. Why was it dark so early? I ran to the car aisle under the lights to look at my watch, ehh, it was only 9 o'clock. It should have turned off the lights at 10 o'clock. Oh, I haven't set my watch yet. I thought I only need to know daylight saving time, so I didn't even bother to set my watch. As a result, the lights went out at once, and there was no mental preparation for going to bed. I took off my watch and moved forward one hour obediently. It seemed that reform was often mandatory, and it was impossible to reform after we prepare for it.<br />
<br />
不过,等我结束了在西安的采访回到北京以后,并没有发现任何因为时间的拨动而引起的汽车误点、火车脱轨、飞机相撞或者神经错乱。人们按部就班,安定团结,再也没有人谈起夏时制。好像夏时制不是从1986年5月4日开始的,而是在公元前就开始了。<br />
<br />
However, when I returned to Beijing after my interview in Xi'an, I didn't find any car delays, train derailments, plane collisions or insanity caused by the ticking of time. People followed the prescribed order, calm and united, and no one talked about daylight saving time anymore. It seemed that daylight saving time was not from May 4, 1986, but began B.C.<br />
<br />
只要能下决心变革,中国人的适应能力也是非同一般的。<br />
<br />
As long as we can make up our minds to change, Chinese people's adaptability is extraordinary.<br />
<br />
我在变革的时间和时间的变革里,到达了西安站。<br />
<br />
I arrived at Xi'an Station in the time of change and the change of time.<br />
<br />
到底怎么写改革<br />
<br />
How to Write Reform in the End<br />
<br />
一个逃犯。<br />
<br />
A fugitive.<br />
<br />
我走出西安站,看到一个高人一等的黑大汉,高举着一块“接陈”的牌子。这是我们的“联络暗号”。因为我不认识他,但又希望一到西安就能见到他。应该说一切都很顺利。凯撒大帝有句名言:我来了,我看见了,我战胜了。现在我来了,我看见了,但是我失望了。<br />
<br />
When I walked out of Xi'an Station, I saw a very tall man with dark skin holding up a sign of "picking up Chen". This was our "contact code". Because I didn't know him, but I hoped to see him as soon as I arrived in Xi'an. It should be said that everything was going well. Julius Caesar has a famous saying: I came; I saw; I conquered. Now I came; I saw, but I was disappointed.<br />
<br />
我觉得我看见了一个逃犯。<br />
<br />
I thought I saw a fugitive.<br />
<br />
我的第一感觉是害怕。那张长脸好像从来也没洗干净过。他50岁。可我觉得他大概从来也没有年轻过,他大概一生下来就这么老了。那莫测高深的三角眼,那阴沉的高鼻。鼻翼两旁像刀刻石凿似的有两道深沟直通向嘴的两旁。而嘴,直接地就像平放着的两把刀。<br />
<br />
My first feeling was fear. It seemed that that long face had never been washed clean. He was 50 years old. But I thought he was probably never young. He was probably born so old. That unfathomable triangular eyes, that gloomy high nose. There were two deep ditches on both sides of the nose like a knife carving stone chisel, which led straight to both sides of the mouth. And the mouth was like two knives lying flat.<br />
<br />
他的布鞋上打着皮革的补丁。我有几年没见到这样打着大补丁的鞋了。我也愈来愈少地见到他这样黄的眼白,或者压根儿就应该叫作眼黄。这补丁,这眼黄,立刻使我想起贫困、拮据、坚韧、过去。不过他穿着过去不穿的西装。但这西装质地之差,之软绵绵,之皱巴巴,都使人败胃。倒好像是仓促之间从哪儿借来套在身上乔装打扮的。干脆那种油污的旧工作服倒能给人带来一种粗犷的美。<br />
<br />
His cloth shoes were patched with leather. I haven't seen shoes with big patches like this in years. I also saw less and less this yellow sclera, or it should be called yellow of the eye. This patch and this yellow eye immediately reminded me of poverty, tenacity and the past. But he was wearing a suit that he didn't use to wear. However, the poor texture, softness and wrinkles of this suit made people sick. It seemed that he borrowed it from somewhere in a hurry and put it on in disguise. Simply that kind of oily old overalls can make people think him rugged.<br />
<br />
他的头发所剩无几地徒劳地盖在秃秃的头顶上。后来听他说这是染黑的,要不都白了。我想又何必染呢?这么几根头发也值得染吗?<br />
<br />
His hair was left a little to cover his bald head, but it was in vain. Later, I heard him say it was dyed black, or it was all white. I thought why dyed it? Were these hairs worth dyeing?<br />
<br />
但他说这事儿的时候是自信的,很值得的样子,就如他自信他干的一切都是值得的。<br />
<br />
But when he said it, he was confident and showed that it was worthy, just as he was confident that everything he did was worth it.<br />
<br />
我3月份收到这个陌生人的第一封信的时候,就决定写完手头一篇报告文学后就去找他。我相信不会虚此西行。他给我的信,一开头就使我预感到我将要经受一种新的思想的撞击:“不管在文学作品中和宣传报道中树立多少光辉的改革者形象,都不会使无所作为和反对改革的领导变为果敢锐敏的改革者。改革者的形象只会鼓舞那些希望并赞成改革的人。然而具有彻底改革思想的人并不一定就会是改革家,原因在于他们无权左右局势。因此不在于号召占据领导地位的人成为改革者,而在于使改革者走上领导岗位。……”<br />
<br />
When I received this stranger's first letter in March, I decided to go to him after writing the non-fiction novel at hand. I believed the westward journey wouldn’t be made in vain. At the beginning of his letter to me, I had a premonition that I would be hit by a new idea: "No matter how many images of brilliant reformers are set up in literary works and propaganda reports, leaders who do nothing and oppose reform will not become bold reformers with a sharp mind. The image of reformers will only inspire those who hope for and agree with reform. However, people with radical reform ideas are not necessarily reformers, because they have no right to control the situation. Therefore, it is not to call on those who occupy leading positions to become reformers, but to make reformers take leadership positions…"<br />
<br />
但我对这个人毕竟一无所知。他真值得我采访吗?他和常规的好人形象相距太远。我身上揣着《人民文学》的差旅费。我要是虚了此行,《人民文学》固然不会追究经济责任,可是我也得讲究时间效益呵。<br />
<br />
But after all, I didn't know anything about this person. Was he worth my interview? He was too far from the conventional image of a good man. I carried the travel expenses of the People's Literature with me. If this trip was in vain, the People's Literature will not pursue economic responsibility, but I had to pay attention to time efficiency.<br />
<br />
他接过我的旅行包:“这个包,我不用叮嘱你不要毁坏,不要丢失,你自然会爱护的,因为你拥有这个包的所有权、使用权和支配权,你是这个包的主人。根本用不着对你进行主人翁思想的教育。我们三十多年来一直对国营企业职工进行主人翁思想教育这件事,恰恰证明了国营企业的职工还不是企业的主人。”<br />
<br />
He took my travel bag and said, "I don't have to tell you not to destroy or lose this bag. You will naturally take care of it, because you have the ownership, use and control of this bag, and you are the owner of this bag. There is no need to educate you on the idea of being a master at all. We have been educating the state-owned enterprises about the sense of ownership for more than 30 years, which just proves that employees in state-owned enterprises are not the masters of the enterprises."<br />
<br />
我立时精神起来了,我想起他那封长信的内容——改革的关键,关键的改革, 是所有制问题。<br />
<br />
I immediately refreshed, and remembered the content of his long letter—the key to reform and the key reform are the ownership problem.<br />
<br />
他这个人,执拗地叫你想起过去,过去。他又顽强地站立在现在,现在。<br />
<br />
He is a man who stubbornly reminds you of the past. But he stands stubbornly in the present.<br />
<br />
精神取代物质和意识决定存在<br />
<br />
Spirit Replaces Materials and Consciousness Determines Existence<br />
<br />
天安门前站着一个高大黝黑的光头青年。上穿蓝粗布衣,下穿用家染的黑粗 布做的抽带肥腿裤。那裤带偏是白的,又偏偏捣乱似的从腰部溜了下来,大模大样地突出在黑裤子中间。但这个光头青年的神情是那么自信、自豪。本来嘛,那年—-1954年的《群众日报》登了陕西省考上高校的全部考生的名单。第一名,韩城县中学的党治国,考上了清华大学。党治国到清华报到后的第一件事,就是到天安门前照这张像。<br />
<br />
In front of Tiananmen Square stood a tall, bald young man with dark skin. He wore blue coarse cloth on the top and wide leg pants with strings made of black coarse cloth dyed at home on the bottom. The strings were white, but they just slipped down from the waist causing trouble, and protruded in the middle of the black trousers obviously. But the bald young man looked so confident and proud. It turned out that Qunzhong Daily published the list of all the candidates admitted to colleges and universities in Shaanxi Province in 1954. The first place, Dang Zhiguo in Hancheng Middle School, was admitted to Tsinghua University. The first thing Dang did after registering was to take this picture in front of Tiananmen Square.<br />
<br />
只是那两条白裤带,使照片上的党治国在威风中透着滑稽。这也没什么。清华大学一年级新生党治国就不信还会有什么事情难得住他。白裤带吗,用墨水一抹不就黑了?行了。很好。不能更好了。至于留头发是不是比光头更好看,制服裤是不是比家织抽带裤更好看,他没想过。他从来不注意服饰。32年后,他知道我要专程到西安去找他时,他才为没有一件过得去的外衣而有些不安。于是就匆匆添置了那身使我一看就败胃的西装。<br />
<br />
Only those two white strings made him look funny in front of imposing Tiananmen Square. It was nothing. Dang Zhiguo, the Tsinghua University freshman didn't believe that there would be anything hard to live with. As for white strings, he just blacked them with ink. That was enough. That was good. It couldn't be better. As for whether head with hair was better than bald head, and whether uniform pants were better than home-woven pants with strings, he never thought about it. He never paid attention to clothes. Thirty-two years later, when he knew that I was going to Xi'an to find him, he was a little upset that he didn't have a decent coat. So he hurriedly bought the suit that made me sick.<br />
<br />
一个从青少年时代就以为精神万能的人,最后连购置一套像点样的西装的物质基础都没有。<br />
<br />
A person who thought that the spirit was omnipotent from his youth didn't even have the material basis to buy a decent suit.<br />
<br />
党治国16岁的时候,有一天和同学们在韩城中学连夜排节目。三九天的夜 晚,不生火就过不去。但教室外是半尺厚的雪,想搞点煤吧,又觉得冷得出不去——来回得走2里雪地呢!怎么去扛煤呵!多厚的棉鞋陷进雪地里也是冻脚。同学们倒抽着冷气往后缩了。<br />
<br />
When Dang Zhiguo was 16 years old, he and his classmates arranged programs overnight in Hancheng Middle School one day. On the coldest nights, you can't get through without a fire. But there was half a chi of snow outside the classroom. Even if you wanted to get some coal, you would feel cold and had to walk, because you had to walk 2 li back and forth! How to carry coal! No matter how thick the cotton shoes were, your feet would be frozen when you got stuck in the snow. The students gasped and drew back.<br />
<br />
党治国叭叭地扔下他的棉鞋,又扒掉他的两只袜子。<br />
<br />
Dangzhuo threw down his cotton shoes and stripped off his two socks.<br />
<br />
“哎,你脱鞋袜干什么?”<br />
<br />
"Hey, why do you take off your shoes and socks?"<br />
<br />
“为了证明在雪地里走路不冷。”<br />
<br />
"To prove that walking in the snow is not cold."<br />
<br />
“你快穿上吧！我们跟你去扛煤就行了。”<br />
<br />
"You should put them on quickly! Let's go with you to carry coal."<br />
<br />
“我说出话就要算数。”<br />
<br />
"I am a man of my word."<br />
<br />
党治国光着两脚走向无情的雪地。不过他连雪地的无情也感觉不出,因为他的双脚很快就冻木了。当然,这毕竟只是2里地,所以他的双脚还能存活。如果是20里地,200里地,16岁的他怕也是会光脚走去的。那么,他的一双脚当然要为他的无视客观物质存在而付出代价了。<br />
<br />
He walked to the ruthless snow barefoot. But he couldn't even feel the ruthlessness of the snow, because his feet soon froze. Of course, this was only 2 li after all, so his feet can still survive. If it were 20 li or 200 li, the 16-year-old boy might still walk barefoot. Then, of course, his feet would pay the price for his disregard of objective material existence.<br />
<br />
20世纪50年代初的中国,商品经济不发达,物质不充足,但人们的精神状态是安适的。中国人,自我需求总有所节制。不过用精神补充物质的不足,把思想作为物质的代替品,只能在一定的时期,一定的限度内。长此以往,乐此不疲,便可能从以精神取代物质发展到以为思想意识可以决定物质存在。一些“彻底的唯物主义者”抛却了唯物主义的基本观点:存在决定意识。30年后,党治国在他的一篇文章中写道:"……用社会意识来解释各种社会现象。好的社会现象是好的社会意识的产物,坏的社会现象是坏的社会意识的产物,于是全部问题被归结为对一种思想的宣传和对另一种思想的批判。”<br />
<br />
In China in the early 1950s, the commodity economy was underdeveloped and the material was insufficient, but people's mental state was comfortable. Chinese people always control their self-needs. However, it can only be within a certain period and a certain limit to supplement the material deficiency with spirit and take thought as a substitute for material. In the long run, if you enjoy it, you may develop from replacing material with spirit to thinking that ideology can determine material existence. Some "thorough materialists" have abandoned the basic viewpoint of materialism: existence determines consciousness. Thirty years later, Dang Zhiguo wrote in his article: "…explaining various social phenomena with social consciousness. Good social phenomena are the product of good social consciousness, while bad social phenomena are the product of bad social consciousness, so all the problems are attributed to the promotion of one kind of thought and the criticism of another."<br />
<br />
1957年,这种批判像火灾似的在清华大学里蔓延开来,烧向钱伟长,烧向黄万里……党治国走上台辩论:他们不是“右派”!党治国走进校党委办公室：他们不是“右派”！<br />
<br />
In 1957, this kind of criticism spread like a fire in Tsinghua University, burning to Qian Weichang and Huang Wanli... Dang came to the stage to debate: they are not rightists! He entered the office of the school party Committee: they are not rightists!<br />
<br />
“正是为了真正拥护党的方针政策,”他在会上说,“可以允许人们先怀疑一下。怀疑以后再把自己驳倒,这才是真正的信任,真正的拥护。”<br />
<br />
"It is precisely in order to truly uphold the Party's principles and policies," he said at the meeting, "that people can be allowed to doubt first. Doubt and then refute yourself later, which is true trust and true support."<br />
<br />
党治国讲话没有一点顾虑。他这个来自黄河边的人,像黄河一样古朴。他对党的感情、对党的忠诚,连一点杂质也没有,自然用不着担心自己说“错”话而成为“右派”。<br />
<br />
Dang had no worries. He was a man from the Yellow River, as simple as the Yellow River. His feelings and loyalty to the party didn't even have any impurities, so he naturally didn't have to worry about saying something wrong to be a rightist.<br />
<br />
但是,根据意识决定存在的“原理”,有“右派言论”的人,就是“右派”分子。<br />
<br />
However, according to the principle that consciousness determines existence, those who have rightist remarks are rightists.<br />
<br />
无限制地强调意识的作用,结果必定是走向反面——取消思想自由。党治国步他的老师们的后尘,也成了“右派”,而且是“极右”。他的一个同窗好友是个结巴,原先一见他老远就叫“党、党、党、党——治国!”憋上半天才憋出“治国”两个字,实在累人。结巴老弟就把他的名字简化成一个字:“党!”现在自然不敢再叫他“党”了。当着人连话也不敢说。只在没人注意时不用称呼地对他说上一句:“浪子回头金不换。”两个月后,没想到结巴老弟也成了“浪子右派”。浪子二号见了浪子一号,只能摇着头说一句:“往事不堪回首。”<br />
<br />
Unlimited emphasis on the role of consciousness must lead to the opposite—abolition of freedom of thought. Dang Zhiguo followed in the footsteps of his teachers and became a "rightist" and an "ultra-rightist". One of his classmates was a stutter. When he saw him far away, he would shout "Dang, Dang, Dang, Dang—Zhiguo!" It was tiring to suppress the word "Zhiguo" for half a day. The stammer reduced his name to one word: "Dang!" Now naturally, he dared not call him "Dang" any more (In Chinese, Dang党 means the Party). He dared not speak in front of Dang Zhiguo. Only when no one noticed, he said to Dang Zhiguo without saying his name: "A prodigal who returns is more precious than gold." Two months later, no one expected that this stammer should become a "prodigal rightist". When the prodigal no.2 saw the prodigal no.1, he could only shake his head and say, "My past is unbearable to recall."<br />
<br />
党治国成了“极右”后,三天没吃饭。他怎么会是“右派”呢?不过,党是不会错的。绝对。那么只有从自己身上找原因了。实在无法想通,只好先接受这个结论——是自己错了,再慢慢去想。<br />
<br />
After Dang became the "ultra-rightist", he didn't eat for three days. How can he be a "rightist"? However, the party can't be wrong. Absolutely. Then he had to find the reason from himself. He really can't figure it out, so he had to accept this conclusion first that he was wrong and then think about it slowly.<br />
<br />
1957年的“右派”里边,有多少人恰恰是先进生产力的代表。1956年党中央提出了“百花齐放、百家争鸣”的方针,到1957年先进生产力就急切爆发出来了。但是,对不起,请君入瓮吧。你们不应该有思想的自由,因为用不着你们思想。<br />
<br />
Many of the "rightists" in 1957 were representatives of advanced productive forces? In 1956, the CPC Central Committee put forward the policy of "letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend", so in 1957, advanced productive forces popped up eagerly. But, I'm sorry, treating someone in your own ways. You should not have the freedom to think, because you don't need your thoughts.<br />
<br />
有计划的盲目生产<br />
<br />
Planned Blind Production<br />
<br />
西安郊区有个新丰砖瓦厂。该厂取土制砖时发现了舍利精室。舍利,是指佛的骨灰。迎舍利,供舍利,是佛家,也是朝廷的大事。释迦牟尼火葬后,八国争夺舍利,百姓求分舍利,分不到的,用金、银、水晶、玛瑙等制作舍利。砖瓦厂发现的舍利精室,就是用水晶做的舍利代用品,水晶舍利装在玻璃瓶里,玻璃瓶装在饰有鎏金狮子、珍珠团花的金棺里。金棺置于饰满翡翠、玛瑙、珍珠、猫儿眼等等的银椁里。释迦如来涅槃后,他的骨灰的代用品都能住进造价这么高的圣地,足见百姓对佛的虔诚。<br />
<br />
There is a Xinfeng brick and tile factory in the suburb of Xi'an. The Buddhist relics room was discovered when the factory took soil to make bricks. Buddhist relics refer to the ashes of Buddha. It is a great event for Buddhism and the imperial court to welcome and offer Buddhist relics. After the Buddha's cremation, eight countries competed for the relics, and the people asked for sharing the relics. If they couldn't get them, they made Buddhist relics with gold, silver, crystal and agate. The Buddhist relics room discovered by the brick and tile factory is a relic substitute made of crystal. The crystal relic was packed in a glass bottle, which was put in a gold coffin decorated with gold lions and pearl flowers. The gold coffin was placed in a silver coffin decorated with jadeite, agate, pearl, chrysoberyl and so on. After the Buddha's nirvana, the substitutes of his ashes can live in the holy land with such high cost, which shows the people's piety towards Buddha.<br />
<br />
把自己的命运系在对佛的信仰上,这大约也是中国人的一种祖传吧。“右派分子”党治国看到报上关于亩产水稻6万斤,亩产红薯120万斤的报道后,不禁对党心悦诚服——国家现在能取得这么大的成绩,自然和清除“右派”有关系。自己成了“右派”,也值得了。<br />
<br />
It is probably the ancestral tradition of Chinese people to tie their own destiny to their belief in Buddha. After reading the newspaper saying 60,000 jin of rice per mu and 1.2 million jin of sweet potatoes per mu, the "rightists" can't help but be convinced that the reason why the country can achieve such great achievements now was because of the elimination of the "rightists". It was worthwhile to become a "rightist".<br />
<br />
就是买东西很不方便。以前可以招呼售货员:同志,请你给我称点什么。现在怎么可以叫人家同志呢?你已经不是人家的同志了。可是,上去就没头没脑地说, 你给我称点什么,又觉得不礼貌。<br />
<br />
It was just that shopping was very inconvenient. He used to greet the salesman: Comrade, please weigh something for me. How can he call someone a comrade now? He was no longer a comrade. However, when he said, "You, weigh something for me" without previous thinking, it was impolite.<br />
<br />
其实售货员谁知道你是“右派”？你自己干吗老给自己念紧箍咒？问题是党治国的确相信了自己是“右派”。因为他至诚地相信党,相信党的每一项运动,不再相信自己。<br />
<br />
In fact, how can a salesman know that you are a "rightist"? Why do you always read yourself the Band-tightening Spell? The problem was that Dang Zhiguo really believed that he was a "rightist". Because he sincerely believed in the party, believes in every movement of the party, and no longer believed in himself.<br />
<br />
既然相信自己是“右派”,就应该保持当“右派”的自觉性,丝毫马虎不得。<br />
<br />
Since he believed that he was a "rightist", he thought that we should keep our consciousness of being "rightists", and we should not be careless at all.<br />
<br />
清华大学的“右派”师生们被送到北京木城涧煤矿改造。打风钻。放炮。挖煤。背煤。1960年底,被开除了学籍的党治国回到家乡韩城县。这就是他的家乡吗?棉花掉了一地没人拣;红薯地里,农民们只拣面上的,不管地下的;干活不记工分;吃饭不要钱。每家的小锅都砸了大炼钢铁了。1959年的誓师会上已经喊出了小麦亩产100万斤。1960年的韩城人每天的粮食却不够半斤。西安火车站挤满了从各地逃荒来的人。<br />
<br />
The "rightist" teachers and students in Tsinghua University were sent to Muchengjian Coal Mine in Beijing for reeducation, using the pneumatic drill and gunpowder, digging for coal and pulling coal. At the end of 1960, Dang, who was expelled from school, returned to his hometown, Hancheng County. Was this his hometown? Cotton fell all over the ground and no one picked it; In the sweet potato field, farmers only picked the one on the surface, regardless of those underground; Work points were useless; There was no need to pay money for dinner. Every small pot has been smashed to manufacture steel. At the pep rally in 1959, it was shouted that the yield per mu of wheat was 1 million jin. In 1960, however, Hancheng people didn't have half a jin of food every day. Xi'an railway station was crowded with people fleeing from all over the country.<br />
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这就是亩产多少万斤的结果?<br />
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This was the result of thousands of jin per mu?<br />
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人有多大胆,地有多大产。思想有多好,产量有多高。这些荒谬的事,为什么 没有人出来提意见? “反右”的损失首先不是把几十万人打成“右派”,而是否定了一个民主原则——让人讲话的原则。<br />
<br />
The bolder people are, the more productive the fields will be. The better the ideological awareness is, the higher the production will be. Why didn't anyone come out to give advice on these absurd things? First of all, the loss of "anti-rightist" is not to label hundreds of thousands of people as "rightists", but to deny a democratic principle—the principle of making people speak.<br />
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唐代长安诗人写过一首有名的《宫词》:<br />
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A poet living in Chang'an in Tang Dynasty wrote a famous Gong Ci (a kind of poetry depicting daily trivia of emperors in the imperial court):<br />
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“寂寂花时闭院门,美人相并立琼轩。含情欲说宫中事,鹦鹉前头不敢言。”<br />
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"Many doors of the palace are closed, and people feel lonely even when flowers bloom. Before the gorgeous window, beauties stand side by side. They want to tell the story of the palace with tender affection, but don’t dare to speak easily as a parrot is in front."<br />
<br />
面对“鹦鹉前头不敢言”的局面,党治国认真地开始了他的怀疑。一天吃不到多少东西,所以也干不了多少活。他开始大量读书,尤其是读马列著作。三十多年后他在一篇文章里写道:“当不承认重力规律的人从高山上往下跳的时候,重力规律不因为得不到这个人的承认而退避三舍。同样,当个人意志、国家意志以至全社会意志不承认某一经济规律的时候,这一经济规律不仅仍然要发生作用,而且发生作用的方式是相当无情和揶揄的。”“有计划的盲目生产比之生产的无政府状态对生产的破坏更大。”<br />
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Faced with the situation that "don’t dare to speak easily as a parrot is in front", Dang Zhiguo seriously doubted something. As he can't eat much in one day, he can't do much work. He began to read a lot of books, especially Marxist-Leninist works. More than 30 years later, he wrote in an article: "When a person who does not recognize the law of gravity jumps down from a high mountain, the law of gravity will not be invalid even if it is not recognized by this person. Similarly, when the will of the individual, the state and even the whole society do not recognize a certain economic law, this economic law not only still has to work, but also the way it works is quite ruthless and embarrassing." "The planned blind production is more destructive to production than it in a state of anarchy."<br />
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计划经济要是违反了经济规律,就不是个别的、偶然的违反,而是整体的“有计划”地违反,后果自然严重。<br />
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If the planned economy violates economic laws, it is not an violation individually or accidentally, but an overall "planned" violation, so the consequences are naturally serious.<br />
<br />
党治国在发生一种变化:由当“右派”的自觉性向做人的自觉性变化。他那长自黄河边的古朴而青春的体内,自信心正在恢复。他写了一副对联:<br />
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A change was taking place in Dang Zhiguo: from the consciousness of being a "rightist" to the consciousness of being a man. His self-confidence was recovering in the simple and youthful body that grew from the Yellow River. He wrote a couplet:<br />
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常保数百卷书千载不做小人 时缺几十斤粮一身仍是大汉<br />
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If you can keep hundreds of books regularly, you will not be reduced to a lowly profession for thousands of years; Even though you lack dozens of jin of food sometimes, you is still a man<br />
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“文化革命”的经济根源<br />
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The Economic Root of the Cultural Revolution<br />
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胸挺腰直,血液畅通,大脑能得到丰富的血液供应,人的思维能力便能达到最佳点。党治国为了获得思维的最佳点,每天劳动回来,必定端坐在床前读《资本论》。或者说,是因为需要啃下《资本论》,他才找到这个最佳点。<br />
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When the chest is straight, the blood is unblocked, the brain can get rich blood supply, so people's thinking ability can reach the best point. In order to get the best point of thinking, Dang must sit upright in front of the bed and read Capital: A Critique of Political Economy after he came back from work every day. In other words, because he needed to understand this book, he found this best point.<br />
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这是1970年2月,“右派”党治国在理所当然地历经批斗、游街等等“文革”系列把戏之后,被判了20年徒刑。<br />
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In February 1970, the "rightist" Dang Zhiguo was sentenced to 20 years in prison after the series of tricks of the Cultural Revolution, such as struggle session and street parading.<br />
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“我说老党,”同室关押的犯人问他,“你判刑最长,怎么不见你发愁呢?”<br />
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"Hey, old Dang," asked the inmate in his room, "you have been sentenced the longest. Why don't you worry?"<br />
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“愁什么?”<br />
<br />
"Worry about what?"<br />
<br />
“等你20年刑满释放出来,你都50多岁了!”<br />
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"When you are released from prison for 20 years, you are in your 50s!"<br />
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“不会的。”<br />
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"It won't happen."<br />
<br />
“怎么不会?你现在35岁,再过20年,不是55岁?”<br />
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"Why not? You're 35 now, 20 years from now, not 55?"<br />
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“不会关这么长。20年是他们的意志。但社会的发展不是以他们的意志为转移的。我相信规律。我相信我最多坐10年牢。”<br />
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"I won't be locked up for so long. Twenty years is their will. But the development of society is not transferred by their will. I believe in laws. I believe I need to be in prison for 10 years at most."<br />
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“嘿!那你整天看《资本论》,演算数学题干什么？瞧瞧,什么价值、增长额、工资、劳动目的!”<br />
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"Hey! Then why do you read the Capital: A Critique of Political Economy and calculate math problems all day? Look, value, growth, salary and labor purpose!"<br />
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“我要研究资本家有多少钱,”党治国狡黠地一笑,“将来我好管理这些钱。”<br />
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"I want to study how much money capitalists have," Dang said with a sly smile. "I can manage this money in the future."<br />
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自然这是一句戏言。不过他在潜意识里认定自己只要不死,就要研究经济问题,研究尚被忽略、但非解决不可的经济问题。因为问题已经愈来愈清晰地显示出来了:一切社会变革的后面,都有经济规律的作用。他党治国落到20年在押犯的地步,中国落到全国上下“脱产闹革命”的地步,绝不仅仅是错误思想的产物,而是有深刻的经济根源的。<br />
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Naturally, this is a joke. However, he subconsciously thought that as long as he did not die, he would study economic problems, which were still neglected but must be solved. Because the problem has become more and more clear: behind all social changes, there are economic laws. It was not only the product of wrong ideas, but also had profound economic roots that he became a prisoner for 20 years and people all over the country left their company to work for a revolution.<br />
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（当然,那时的党治国还不知道中国有个“四人帮”——本人侧重谈经济。）<br />
<br />
(Of course, at that time, Dang did not know that there was a Gang of Four in China. I focused on the economy.)<br />
<br />
经过三年困难时期,我们汲取了一些教训,采取了一些措施。经济得到发展后,必然要求上层建筑有相应的变革。发展了的生产カ必然要求生产关系有相应的变革。这就激化了变革的力量和反变革的力量的斗争。于是批“三自一包”,批“修正主义”。于是高呼“无产阶级专政万岁”。<br />
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After three difficult years, we have learned some lessons and taken some measures. After the development of economy, it is inevitable to require corresponding changes in superstructure. Developed production inevitably requires corresponding changes in production relations. This intensifies the struggle between the forces of change and the forces against change. Therefore, we criticized the agricultural economic policy including managing our own land, free market and taking responsibility for our own profits and losses and household responsibility system. We also criticized revisionism. So we shouted "Long live the dictatorship of the proletariat".<br />
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热昏的头脑是无从知道自己的疯狂行为后边的真实原因的。党治国知道。不是因为他的头脑比人家清醒,而是因为他的经历和感受为他提供了他需要弄清的思想。1957年他在“清华”眼睁睁地看到那些代表先进生产力的专家、教授被专了政。他自己本是满怀着到祖国最艰苦的地方去的理想而报考了清华水利系。他受了《远离莫斯科的地方》这本小说的影响。他要远离大城市。艰苦的环境本身就是一种吸引力。与困难做斗争本身就是ー种吸引力。去做别人做不到的事就是一种吸引力。为伟大理想献身就是一种吸引力。一个全省第一的学生满怀献身的热情出现在清华水利系,这在50年代自然也是先进生产力的ー个分子,因此也难逃被专政的命运。<br />
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It is impossible for those who can’t keep their wits about them to know the real reason behind their crazy behavior. Dang Zhiguo knew it. Not because his mind was clearer than others, but because his experiences and feelings provided him with ideas he needed to make clear. In 1957, he saw that those experts and professors who represented advanced production were deprived of the right to speak in Tsinghua University. He himself applied for the Water Conservancy Department of Tsinghua University with the ideal of going to the hardest place in the motherland. He was influenced by the novel Far from Moscow. He wanted to stay away from big cities. The challenging environment itself was an attraction. Struggling with difficulties itself was an attraction. Doing what others can't do was a kind of attraction. Dedication to great ideals was a kind of attraction. A student who was the first in the whole province was enrolled in the Department of Water Conservancy of Tsinghua University with dedication, which naturally made him a member of advanced production in 1950s, so he could not escape the fate of being deprived of the right to speak.<br />
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后来党治国长年在陕西铜川当井下掘进工。下煤井的活,以前被称为“三块石头夹一块肉”——危险。当时在井下炸煤层,都是正向爆破。就是在煤层打好洞, 放进五六个炸药包后,先引爆最里边的那个炸药包,然后一个个往外引爆。爆炸时高压气体膨胀,往外冲出,分散了爆炸的力度。为什么不能倒过来,先引爆最外边的那个炸药包、搞反向爆破呢?那样不就可以爆力集中了吗?党治国违反了操作规程,搞起了反向爆破。开始是悄悄地。在80年代,人们会认为反向爆破的道理是再简单明了不过的。但是在60年代,谁第一个提出把正向爆破改成反向爆破, 是很难得到认可的。<br />
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Later, Dang worked as an underground tunnel worker in Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province for many years. The work of going down a coal mine used to be called "three stones with one piece of meat, which meant the job was dangerous. At that time, coal seams were blown underground, all of which were the blasting process of forward initiation. That was, after drilling holes in the coal seam and putting five or six explosive packs, first detonate the innermost explosive pack, and then detonate them one by one. When they explode, the high-pressure gas expanded and rushed out, decreasing the power level of an explosion. Why can't we turn it upside down, detonate the outermost explosive pack first, and have the blasting process of reverse initiation? If we did like this, we could have concentrated bombing. Dang violated the operating rules and started reverse blasting. He started it quietly. In the 1980s, people would think that the principle of reverse blasting was simple and clear. However, in the 1960s, it was difficult for the person who first proposed to change forward blasting into reverse blasting to get recognition.<br />
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在无人知晓的情况下试验成功了,也就得到认可了。<br />
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The experiment was successful when no one knew it, and then it was recognized.<br />
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1965年,随着国家经济形势的好转,党治国成了当地煤炭先进技术传播团的一个分子。党治国运用这个爆力集中的原理,集中他的精力,一个时期搞一项技术革新。但是,生产力要求发展的结果,是又一次遭到“革命”。“突出政治”，“再论 突出政治”。人人政治化,社会泛政治化。生产力就一而再,再而三地受到压制。<br />
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In 1965, with the improvement of the national economic situation, Dang became a member of the local advanced coal technology communication group. He used this principle of concentration of explosive power, concentrated his attention, and engaged in technological innovations in a period of time. However, the development required by production forces was once again "revolutionized". "Paying Attention to Mao Zedong Thought" and "Re-discussing the Importance of Mao Zedong Thought". Everyone talked about politicization and the society was about parapolitics. Productive forces were limited again and again.<br />
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于是党治国组织了一个共产主义小组,辅导大家学习《共产党宣言》《马克思主义的三个来源和三个组成部分》等等。30年后他自嘲地对我说,那时候他其实是个空想共产主义者。不过那时候他可是实实在在地进行他的“共产主义”事业的。他连篇累牍地写文章,不仅批“右”,而且批“左”。他只能打着批“右”的旗号来批“左”。这种逆向思维比反向爆破还危险。所以对有家室的好友,他一个都不让他们参加这个共产主义小组。他只要单身男子。果然不久他就被抓起来了。妻子被逼离婚。于是他也成了单身男子。不过他得侍奉一双父母和抚养一个孩子。<br />
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Therefore, Dang organized a communist group to help everyone study the ''Communist Manifesto'', ''The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism'' and so on. Thirty years later, he told me wryly that he was actually a utopian communist at that time. But he actually carried out his "communist" cause. He wrote articles endlessly, criticizing not only "right wing" but also "left wing". He can only criticize "left wing" under the banner of criticizing "right wing". This reverse thinking was more dangerous than reverse blasting. Therefore, he refused to let all his friends with families join this communist group. He only wanted single men. Sure enough, he was soon arrested. His wife was forced to divorce. So he became a single man. However, he had to serve his parents and raised his child.<br />
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判了20年徒刑的单身男子挺胸直腰地坐在监狱的床前,运用爆力集中的原理攻读《资本论》。《资本论》的扉页上,赫然写着:马列主义者党治国。<br />
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Sentenced to 20 years in prison, this single man sat in front of the prison bed upright, using the principle of explosive concentration to study Das Kapital. On the title page of it, it was impressively written: Marxist-Leninist Dang Zhiguo.<br />
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“你还看马列,人家就是用马列把你关进来的!”<br />
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"You still read Marxism-Leninism? People use it to lock you in!"<br />
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“不。那是违背了马列才把我关进来的。”<br />
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"No. They were against Marxism-Leninism, so I was locked in."<br />
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后来党治国在他的文章里写道:“无产阶级革命的目的绝不是要用自己的面貌改造世界,使全社会成员都变成无产者,而是要改变自己的面貌,使自己和社会全体成员都变成有财产的人,最后使一切生产资料为社会全体成员所共有。”<br />
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Later, Dang wrote in his article: "The purpose of the proletarian revolution is by no means to transform the world and make all members of society proletarian, but to change its own face and make itself and all members of society become people with property, and finally make all means of production shared by all members of society."<br />
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“左”倾路线被认为才是对整体利益的维护。而当大多数人的利益都受到不同程度的损害时,所谓“整体利益,就变成了一小撮人的特权。社会主义并不是部分人的专利,而是全人类解放的科学。一个国家的社会主义性质只能用每个社会成员的解放程度、自由发展的程度和富裕增长的程度来衡量,而不能用这个社会对自己的评价来判断”。 " ‘左’倾路线的二十余年,就是不断发起政治运动抑制矛盾、打击改革要求的过程。”是的,极“左”路线下固有的、一成不变的所有制,不可能随时调节生产力和生产关系的矛盾。大跃进。大锅饭。割资本主义尾巴。宁要 社会主义的草。商品经济是资本主义经济的代名词,计划经济是社会主义经济的代名词。践踏经济规律的结果,是经济规律迫使我们付出巨大的代价,然后还得按经济规律办事。<br />
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The "left" line was regarded as the maintenance of the overall interests. When the interests of most people were violated to varying degrees, the so-called "overall interests become the privilege of a small group of people. Socialism is not the privilege of some people, but the science of liberation for all mankind. The socialist nature of a country can only be measured by the degree of liberation, free development and wealth growth of each member of society, but can not be judged by the society's evaluation of itself." "The ‘left’ line for more than 20 years is the process of constantly launching political movements to curb contradictions and influence reform requirements." Yes, the inherent and unchangeable ownership under the "ultra-left" line can't adjust the contradiction between productivity and production relations at any time. The Great Leap Forward. Eating food prepared in a large canteen. Ending speculation. The grass of socialism is better than the seedlings of capitalism. Commodity economy is synonymous with capitalist economy, and planned economy is synonymous with socialist economy. The result of violating the laws of economics is that the laws of economics force us to pay a huge price, and then we have to act according to the laws of economics.<br />
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我登上西安城南大雁塔64米高的顶层向下望去,便想起白居易的诗:“百千家似围棋局,十二街如种菜畦。”从大雁塔通往西安车站的十里长街如同一条直线,很像围棋盘上的棋格。西安的街道使人联想到规规矩矩的单向思维。大雁塔下的景致使人感到单调和缺憾。当年玄奘从印度带回657部梵文经典,就在此地译经十载。公元648年,唐太宗为玄奘所译诸经写总序。唐太宗实行均田制、租庸调法等经济改革,发展外贸和文化交流,乃至把文成公主嫁给吐蕃王松赞十布等,终于出现盛唐局面。盛唐的长安与上百个国家和地区交往。满载丝绸的商队从长安出发,路经中亚、南亚、西亚,直抵欧洲。丝绸之路沿线的古城楼兰,人称“沙漠中的庞贝城”,是商品集散地和中转贸易站。<br />
<br />
When I climbed the 64-meter-high Giant Wild Goose Pagoda in the south of Xi'an, stood on the top floor and looked down, I remembered Bai Juyi's poem: "The distribution of hundreds and thousands of houses in Chang'an is like the board of Go, and the twelve streets separate the city, which is like same vegetable plots." The ten-li long street from the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda to Xi'an Station is like a straight line, which is much like the chess grid on the Go board. The streets of Xi'an reminds me of vertical thinking. The scenery under the pagoda makes people feel monotonous and regrettable. Xuanzang brought back 657 Sanskrit classics from India and translated them here for ten years. In 648 AD, Emperor Taizong of Tang wrote a general preface to the classics translated by Xuanzang. Emperor Taizong carried out economic reforms such as equal-field system and Zu Yong Diao, developed foreign trade and cultural exchanges, and even married Princess Wencheng to the Tibetan king Songtsen Gampo, which finally led to the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Chang'an in the prosperous Tang Dynasty communicated with hundreds of countries and regions. The caravan loaded with silk set off from Chang'an, passed through Central Asia, South Asia, West Asia, and reached Europe. Loulan, an ancient city along the Silk Road, was called "Pompeii in the Desert" and was a commodity distribution center and transit trading station.<br />
<br />
唐朝经济的发达,和思想文化的发达是对称的。中国人从小就背《唐诗三百首》,历来都研究唐代文学,可惜太少研究唐代经济。儒家传统主张以德治国,有没有经济一样治国。但是就算10亿人都能背下《唐诗三百首》,也依然不能在这个世上立足的。<br />
<br />
The development of economy in Tang Dynasty coincided with the development of ideology and culture. Chinese people recite the Three Hundred Tang Poems from an early age, and have always studied Tang Dynasty literature, but it’s a pity that they seldom study Tang Dynasty economy. Confucian traditions advocate governing the country by virtue, and the country can be governed whether there is economy or not. But even if 1 billion people can recite these poems, this country still can't establish itself in this world.<br />
<br />
1300多年过去了,解放30多年了。人们向我介绍西安,不是讲兵马俑,就是讲李白醉卧长安,再不背诵谪仙人的诗:“长安一片月,万户捣衣声。”这使我想起老年人,老人的心态是喜欢回忆过去。<br />
<br />
More than 1300 years have passed and more than 30 years have passed since liberation. When People introduce Xi'an to me, they either talk about the terracotta army or Li Bai lying drunk in Chang'an, or recite the poem of Li Bai: "The bright moonlight shines on the city of Chang'an, and the sound of pounding clothes can be heard from thousands of homes." This reminds me of the old people, whose mentality is to like to recall the past.<br />
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今天的西安即使不和发达国家做横向比较,即使只是自己和自己比,变化是不是也太小了一点?有人对我说:西安地下的比地上的好看。这天我走进城郊一家饭馆,满地的碎骨头剩菜!油垢的饭桌,污浊的塑料酒杯,发黑的香肠和发干的松花蛋。如果唐代的诗人墨客到此一游,恐怕会拂袖而去吧。李白大约会仰天长啸:吃饭难,难于上青天!不过20世纪80年代的顾客们,习惯地熟练地在这里痛饮饱食。而我觉得难以下咽。更何况跳蚤像小人一样在对我进行防不胜防的袭击。我应该入乡随俗?我应该改造自己的思想,改造自己的脾胃?不,我不想去适应这些今天不应有的落后的、不文明的一切。中国人不应该在80年代的今天还坐在碎骨头剩菜间吃黑香肠。我们必须改造这样的饭馆,使之适应更文明的需求,而不是让我们去适应它。<br />
<br />
Even if today's Xi'an is not compared with developed countries horizontally, but is only compared with itself, is the change too small? Someone said to me: Xi'an underground is better than it on the ground. On this day, I walked into a restaurant in the suburbs, and there were broken bones and leftovers all over the ground! Greasy dining tables, dirty plastic wine glasses, blackened sausages and dry century eggs. If the poets of Tang Dynasty visited here, I'm afraid they would leave. Li Bai will probably face upwards and shout: The way to eat delicious food is as hard as the blue sky to scale! However, customers in 1980s used to drink and eat here skillfully. But I find it hard to swallow. What's more, It’s impossible for me to guard against fleas attacking me like villains. I should do as the Romans do? I should have thought reform and adjust my stomach? No, I don't want to adapt to these backward and uncivilized things that shouldn't be there today. Chinese people shouldn't sit between broken bones and leftovers and eat blackened sausages today in the 1980s. We must transform such restaurants to meet the needs of a more civilized society, not let us adapt to it.<br />
<br />
党治国在他的经济论文中写道:“当社会不是从基本的经济事实出发,而是从原则和原理出发,动员思想的、政治的和法律的力量同客观经济规律进行斗争的时 候（‘十年动乱’就是这样典型的时期）,社会付出巨额的经济代价,得到的却是败坏的社会风气和死气沉沉的萧条景象。”<br />
<br />
In his economic paper, Dang wrote: "When the society starts from principles and principles instead of basic economic facts, to mobilize ideological, political and legal forces to fight against objective economic laws ('The Cultural Revolution' is such a typical period), the society pays a huge economic price, but gets bad social climate and depression."<br />
<br />
头脑此心脏重要<br />
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The Mind is More Important Than the Heart<br />
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1975年,邓小平同志出来工作了。在押犯党治国感到好像自己刑满释放ー样的高兴。他觉得这下自己的思想轨迹能合上中央政策的轨迹了。本来嘛,无产阶级夺取政权以后,发展生产力就是无产阶级的根本利益所在。国家的转机来了,他党治国的转机就会来。他把他的希望全部系于小平同志的身上。<br />
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In 1975, Comrade Deng Xiaoping came out to work. The prisoner Dang Zhiguo felt as happy as if he was released from prison. He felt that his ideological track could be close to the track of the central policy. After all, after the proletariat seized political power, it is the fundamental interest of the proletariat to develop productivity. When the turning point of the country comes, the turning point of him will also come. He pinned all his hopes on Comrade Xiaoping.<br />
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但是他等到的却是批邓。<br />
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But what he waited for was to criticize Deng.<br />
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他的头发一下子全白了,稀疏了。<br />
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His hair suddenly turned white and thinned.<br />
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他这个铁铮铮的黑大汉,一下变成了老汉。以前不管在游街时,在监狱中,他的心里经常回荡着他最喜爱的《斗牛士之歌》的旋律。可是从此他再也想不起他那斗牛英雄了,他只记得伏尔加船夫曲了 :唉嗨哟,唉嗨哟……<br />
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He, an unyielding man with dark skin, suddenly became an old man. In the past, whether in the streets or in prison, his heart often echoed with the melody of his favorite "Toreador Song". But he never remembered his bullfighting hero again. He only remembered the "Song of the Volga Boatmen": Ay-da, da, ay-da...<br />
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他并不怕死,准确地说,他最不怕的就是死。但他怕绝望,尤其怕从希望的顶峰突然掉进绝望的深渊。<br />
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He was not afraid of death. To be precise, he feared death the least. But he was afraid of despair, especially falling suddenly from the peak of hope into the abyss of despair.<br />
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社会上大批右倾翻案风,监狱里党治国首当其冲。一个彻底绝望的人,就是一个可怕的人。你们不是要批我翻案复辟吗?好,他自己带头批自己一他不仅要复辟资本主义,而且要复辟封建主义,而且复辟原始共产主义。他从头坏到脚,从脚烂到头。<br />
<br />
In the society, there was the Counterattacking the Right-Deviationist Reversal-of-Verdicts Trend, and Dang bore the brunt in the prison. A completely desperate person is a terrible person. Aren't you going to criticize me for reversing my verdict? Well, he himself took the lead in criticizing himself—he wanted to restore not only capitalism, but also feudalism and primitive communism. He became evil.<br />
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他实在没有生之留恋了。<br />
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There was no love left for him.<br />
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他本来就不重视他这个躯体的物质存在。1967年西安武斗,有一天他把两手插进大衣口袋,大模大样地走向射击密集地。他当时只不过产生了一个奇怪的想法:人中了枪弹是什么感觉?事后想来,那三四十米的射击区里,只他一个人在做死亡游戏,实在也觉得后怕了——不是怕死,是怕死得没意义。<br />
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He didn't pay attention to the material existence of his body. During the violent struggle in Xi'an in 1967, one day, he put his hands in his coat pockets and marched towards an area with intense fire. At that time, he just had a strange idea: What does it feel like to be shot? In hindsight, in the shooting area of 30-40 meters, only he was playing the game of death, and he had a lingering fear—he was not afraid of death, but of meaningless death.<br />
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1968年他在牛棚里给吊打得晕死过去。迷迷糊糊中,听到有人在说:“把党治国打死了也没关系。他死了更好,少了一个反革命。”不,他可不能这么不清不白地死去!<br />
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In 1968, he passed out after he was beaten in the cowshed. In a daze, Ihe heard someone saying, "It doesn't matter if he is killed. It is better if he dies, because a person who is against revolution disappear." No, he can't die in unclear circumstances!<br />
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1970年铜川市把他判了死刑上报省里,省里那次共有七个死刑犯的名单。但据说这一批只枪毙四个,党治国的名字是第五个。又活了过来。打“右派”有指标,抓“现行反革命”有指标,枪毙人有指标。那就是说,不是因为你有罪才杀你,而是因为要杀你才有罪。<br />
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In 1970, Tongchuan City sentenced him to death and reported it to the province, where there were seven prisoners on death row. However, it is said that only four prisoners were shot in this batch, and Dang Zhiguo was the fifth. So he was still alive. There were quotas for fighting against the "rightists", catching anyone who opposed or resisted a revolution after the liberation movement and shooting people. That is to say, it is not because you are guilty that you are killed, but because you are to be killed that you are guilty. <br />
<br />
前四个人当时都给枪毙了,后来都给平反了。如果将来科学发达了,平反的人都能复活就好了。不过这四个人已被打得脑浆迸裂,怕是怎么也复活不了啦。<br />
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The first four people were shot at that time, and then they were rehabilitated politically. If only all the rehabilitated people would be resurrected when technology develops in the future. However, these four people have been beaten their brains out, so they will not be resurrected no matter what approach was taken.<br />
<br />
党治国听到前四名死刑犯的命运后,不寒而栗。现代医学认为判断ー个人是否死亡,首先是看脑子,而不是心脏。头脑比心脏重要。人要是不能思索,不让思索,那就活像是精神的殉葬。西安郊区的前朝古墓里,当初有多少宫女殉葬,多少工匠被活埋!不过秦朝已经比过去进化了,用大量的“俑殉”代替大量的人殉。秦始皇墓附近有三个兵马俑坑。光是一号坑,就有6000件陶俑、陶马,将军俑、武官俑、战袍俑、铠甲俑、跪射俑、立射俑等等。武士俑排成38路纵队,保护着秦始皇的僵尸,保护着僵硬的封建体系。<br />
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Dang Zhiguo trembled when he heard the fate of the first four prisoners on death row. Modern medicine believes that to judge whether a person dies or not, the first thing to do is to look at the brain, not the heart. The mind is more important than the heart. If people can't think and are not allowed to think, it's like spiritual burial. In the ancient mausoleums of former dynasties in the suburbs of Xi'an, how many maids and craftsmen were buried alive! However, the Qin Dynasty has evolved compared with the past, replacing a large number of people with a large number of figurines. There are three pits of terracotta warriors near the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang. In Pit No.1 alone, there are 6,000 pottery figurines, pottery horses, general figurines, military attaché figurines, warrior figurines in battle robes and armor, kneeling figurines, figurines whose posture is shooting and so on. The warrior figurines formed 38 columns to protect the dead body of Qin Shi Huang and the rigid feudal system.<br />
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兵马俑馆的侧,停放着一大溜前来参观者乘坐的汽车。汽车的式样是五花 八门的,汽车的产地却只有一个——日本。偌大的兵马俑馆天天吸引着成千成千的参观者。每天有一千多外宾。香港报纸说里根拍中国马屁,因为里根摸了一下陶马的屁股。法国总理希拉克说世界有七大奇迹,秦俑的发现可以说是八大奇迹了。不过,发掘违反经济规律的教训比发掘古迹更紧迫。较之馆内的兵马俑,馆外的奇迹更给我以强大的刺激——一字长蛇阵地摆着的日产汽车,强化了的日本经济发展的奇迹。<br />
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On the side of the Terracotta Warriors Museum, there were many cars on which visitors sat before. The styles of cars were varied, but the origin of cars was only one—Japan. The huge Terracotta Warriors Museum attracts thousands of visitors every day. There are more than 1,000 foreign guests every day. Hong Kong newspapers said that Reagan kissed China's ass because Reagan touched the pottery horse's ass. French Prime Minister Jacques Chirac said that there are seven wonders in the world, and the discovery of Qin figurines can be said to be the eighth one. However, it is more urgent to discover the lessons of violating economic laws than to discover historical sites. Compared with the Terracotta Warriors inside the museum, the miracle outside the museum gives me a powerful stimulus. Cars made in Japan were placed in a long array, which strengthened the miracle of Japanese economic development.<br />
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经济发展和政治民主是互为作用的。体制的生命力在于自身有新陈代谢的功能,自身能不断选择和更迭各个层次的领导者,自身能不断调整和更新生产关系。党治国写道:“社会主义的扩大再生产还应扩大再生产出社会主义的生产关系。”是的,我们不仅要生产出更多的工农业产品,我们首先要生产出更科学、更合理的生产关系。<br />
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Economic development and political democracy interact with each other. The vitality of the system lies in its metabolism function, its ability to constantly choose and change leaders at all levels, and its ability to constantly adjust and update production relations. Dang wrote: "The expanded reproduction of socialism should also expand and reproduce socialist relations of production." Yes, we should not only produce more industrial and agricultural products, but we should first produce more scientific and reasonable relations of production.<br />
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生——产——关——系?<br />
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Production relations?<br />
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文凭可以补发,思维不能重复<br />
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Diplomas Can be Reissued, But Thinking Cannot be Repeated<br />
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活着的头脑是不能停止思索的。1978年召开全国科学大会的前夕,党治国在监狱里提出他也要向科学大会献礼。他在狱中写了《凿岩机最佳轴推力的研究》和《评皆吉斯朵夫的风钻轴推力公式》等论文,搞了水玻璃泮火机、锉盘的复活技术、自动淬水筛等好几项革新。1980年他一出狱,浮肿着脸就到处搞科技资料,四方出击地发表了关于热处理、轴承、电炉和风动工具等十来篇论文。<br />
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A living mind can't stop thinking. Before the National Science Conference was held in 1978, Dang proposed in prison that he would also present gifts to the conference. In prison, he wrote papers such as Research on Optimal Shaft Thrust of Drilling Machine and Comment on Detistikov's Drilling Machine Shaft Thrust Formula, and made several innovations such as sodium metasilicate quenching machine, revival technology of files, and automatic dewatering screen. When he was released from prison in 1980, he searched scientific and technological materials everywhere with a swollen face, and published a dozen papers on heat treatment, bearings, electric furnaces and pneumatic tools.<br />
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1984年底他调到西安市民用煤研究所工作。他这个清华大学水利系学生进入“右派”生涯后,有10年就是在煤矿里打风钻（即凿岩机）。当初风钻没有支架, 往高处打洞时,党治国本可以搬个随便什么物件,站上去打。但他嫌费事。他总是急急地想多干活。他一见活就着急。他举起60斤重的风钻顶在头上打洞,他那大高个子就是一个活动支架。不过风钻开动时那每分钟震动1800次带来的噪音,整整伤害了他10年。为什么还要听任这种伤人的声波在矿里继续肆虐?！<br />
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At the end of 1984, he was transferred to Xi'an Civil Coal Research Institute. After he, a water conservancy student in Tsinghua University, was recognized as a "rightist", he spent 10 years using drilling machine in coal mines. At the beginning, the drills had no supports, and when holes were drilled in high places, Dang could have moved anything and stood up to drill. But he thought it too troublesome. He was always in a hurry to work more. He was anxious when he had work to do. He lifted a 30-kilogram drilling machine top to make a hole in his head, and his tall figure was a movable bracket. But when the drill machine was turned on, it vibrated 1800 times every minute, which brought noises hurting him for 10 years. Why should he let this hurtful sound wave continue to spread out in the mine? !<br />
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党治国把气动凿岩机的设计图纸送到一些有条件生产的工厂。技术人员一看就明白,可是领导们说:这只不过是图纸,没有样机来证明。<br />
<br />
Dang sent the design drawings of rotary pneumatic rock drills to some factories with conditions for production. Technicians can understand them when they see them, but leaders said: This is just a drawing, and there is no prototype to prove it.<br />
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可是,党治国是测试过数据,证实了原理的。<br />
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However, Dang had tested the data and confirmed the principle.<br />
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可是,连风钻的使用单位也不想关心这种新型风钻的产生,因为制造和他们无关。<br />
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However, even the users of pneumatic drills did not want to care about the production of this new type of pneumatic drills, because manufacturing had nothing to do with them.<br />
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正儿八经搞制造的工厂,一想生产新机器要投资新设备,投资本身就带有冒险性质。冒险的事不干。<br />
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Factories that were seriously engaged in manufacturing thought that they had to invest in new equipment if they wanted to produce new machines, and investment itself was risky. Employees in these factories didn’t want to take risks.<br />
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洛阳有个厂或许有可能生产。党治国用上他四年没用的探亲假赶去了,住在洛阳一个旅馆里,每天的伙食是四个烧饼。这每天四个烧饼,引起了同屋一个人的注意。他是江苏泰兴一个乡办厂的负责人。乡镇企业有自主权,有变革自己落后面貌的愿望,有靠开发新产品闯出路子的需要。他先是为党治国的四个烧饼所感动,后是为党治国的凿岩机所打动,决定把这个项目带回江苏去搞。<br />
<br />
There was a factory in Luoyang that may produce it. Dang took his parental leave that he didn’t use for four years to go there, and stayed in a hotel in Luoyang. The daily food was four baked wheat cakes. These four baked wheat cakes every day attracted the attention of one of Dang’s roommates. He was the person in charge of setting up a factory in Taixing, Jiangsu Province. Township enterprises had ownership, had the desire to change their backward appearance, and the need to find a way out by developing new products. He was first moved by Dang’s four baked wheat cakes, and then moved by the rock drills of Dang, so he decided to bring this project back to Jiangsu.<br />
<br />
小厂很有积极性,当下投进两三万元的资金。但是,这么一个突破传统结构的凿岩机,让一个乡办小厂搞,从资金到人力,都难以继续下去。具有研制能力的大单位,又不想列入计划。那么,党治国自己集资?<br />
<br />
The small factory was very motivated, and 20,000 yuan to 30,000 yuan were invested. However, it was difficult for a small township-run factory to continue from capital to manpower, with such a rock drill that broke through the traditional structure. Large units with research and development capabilities did not want to be included in the plan. So, Dang raised funds by himself?<br />
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清华大学的教授们,黄万里已经寄来了100元,钱伟长就要寄钱来了……<br />
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Professors from Tsinghua University like Huang Wanli had already sent 100 yuan, and Qian Weichang was going to send money...<br />
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中国几十年来割资本主义尾巴,近几年小心翼翼地提出一部分人先富起来。党治国哪里去找这些先富起来的人?党治国怎么能筹集这上万上万的资金?<br />
<br />
China had been cutting off the tail of capitalism for decades, and in recent years it has carefully proposed that some people get rich first. Where can Dang find these people who get rich first? How can he raise tens of thousands of funds?<br />
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他原先以为出了监狱就是解放了。1980年他是被提前释放的。如果按原判20年的话,他本应服刑到1990年。既然对他是错判,那么能不能还他时间呢?<br />
<br />
He thought he was liberated when he left prison. He was released early in 1980. According to original trial, he would have served his sentence until 1990. Since he was wrongly judged, can his time be given back?<br />
<br />
当然这是幻想。清队时有个人分不清“幻”字和“幼”字,以为只是意思相通读音不同。每每在对党治国们训话时,用上他以为很有学问的话:“一切幻想都是幼想! 一切幼想都是幻想!”一个“党治国专案组”五个人一年就得花一万多元钱,应该有人做个社会调查——全国有过多少专案组、调查组,用了多少人力,用了多少金钱,解决了多少问题,制造了多少冤案。侵犯的人权,要不要追究法律责任?浪费的金钱,要不要承担经济损失?<br />
<br />
Of course, this was a fantasy. During the period of cleansing the class ranks, there was a man who couldn't tell the difference between the word "幻" (fantasy) and the word "幼" (young), thinking that they had the same meaning but different pronunciation. Every time he lectured Dang and others, he said what he thought was very learned: "All fantasies are young! All young thoughts are fantasies!" Five people in a "task force for Dang Zhiguo" had to spend more than 10,000 yuan a year. Someone should make a social survey on how many task forces and investigation teams have been in the country, how many manpower and money have been used, how many problems have been solved and how many unjust cases have been created. Do you want to pursue legal responsibility for violated human rights? Do you want to bear economic losses for wasted money?<br />
<br />
不该查不该调的内查外调所花的巨额投资如果用来开发新产品,那么开发的岂止是产品,还有是积极性,是人!<br />
<br />
If the huge investment spent on unnecessary investigation was used to develop new products, then not only products, but also enthusiasm and people will be more!<br />
<br />
为了个人的利害关系用公家的钱去整人,是不会心疼钱的;为了企业的发展多揽一件事,又何必找这个麻烦?企业搞不搞新产品,于个人有什么利益?<br />
<br />
For the sake of personal interests, it is not distressing to use government money to trick people. In order to take one more thing for the development of the enterprise, why bother? Whether an enterprise engages in new products or not, what benefits does it have for individuals?<br />
<br />
我站在秦陵二号铜车马跟前,不胜感慨! 2000多年前就有这样的工艺水平! 一共3000多个部件,根据铸件性能的不同,采用不同的合金比例,青铜的冶铸技术和现在基本相仿,机械连接采用的是现在仍在广泛使用的键连接、饺链连接等等。马身上装配的金当卢、金银泡等饰件和用具就有2500多件。铜车马在地下埋了2000多年了,至今链条非常灵活,车的门窗开关自如！<br />
<br />
I stood in front of the bronze chariots and horses of Qin Mausoleum No.2, and I was overwhelmed with emotion! There was such a technological level more than 2000 years ago! There were more than 3,000 parts in total. According to the different casting properties, different alloy ratios were adopted. The smelting and casting technology of bronze was basically similar to that of now. The mechanical connection adopted key joint, pilot pin joint and so on, which are still widely used now. There were more than 2,500 pieces of ornaments and utensils such as gold masks and gold and silver bubbles assembled on horses. Bronze chariots and horses have been buried underground for more than 2000 years. Up to now, the chain is very flexible, and the doors and windows of the car can be opened and closed freely!<br />
<br />
我们的先人在公元前就有这样的科学技术水平,那么2000年后的今天,进展如何呢?<br />
<br />
Our ancestors had such a level of science and technology in BC, so what is the progress today after 2000 years?<br />
<br />
进展也好,不进展也好,反正照样拿工资。<br />
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Whether there is progress or not, people still get the money anyway.<br />
<br />
我打开清华大学第002150号毕业证书。证书上是一张像出土文物似的老人相片。不知是因为五十来岁的党治国照得比他实际年龄更老,还是因为他现在的相片放在大学毕业证书上实在不相称而愈加显老。50年代的清华大学水利系学生在80年代拿到了补发的毕业文凭。不过他已经不想把他的主要精力放在科技上了。<br />
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I opened the diploma No.002150 of Tsinghua University. On the certificate was a photo of an old man like an unearthed cultural relic. I didn't know whether it was because Dang in his fifties was taken older in the picture than his actual age, or because his current photo was out of proportion with his college diploma. Students in the water conservancy department of Tsinghua University in the 1950s got a reissued diploma in the 1980s. But he didn't want to focus on technology anymore.<br />
<br />
文凭可以补发,思维不能重复。他积几十年之教训,感到首先要面对的是——生产关系。<br />
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Diploma can be reissued, but thinking cannot be repeated. After decades of lessons, he felt that the first thing he had to face was production relations.<br />
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没有主人的企业<br />
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Enterprises Without Owners<br />
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那些国营企业为什么不想创新产品、不想要人才?农村改革势如破竹,为什么到城市以后改革就步履维艰?乡镇企业拳打脚踢,生气勃勃,国营企业为什么缺乏活力?原因是什么?症结在哪里?<br />
<br />
Why didn't those state-owned enterprises want innovative products and talents? Rural reform was in full swing. Why was it difficult to reform in cities? Why did state-owned enterprises lack vitality when township enterprises were full of vigor? What was the reason? Where is the crux?<br />
<br />
党治国的回答是:“企业中没有真正的主人。”<br />
<br />
The answer of Dang was: "There is no real owner in the enterprise."<br />
<br />
工人不是企业的主人吗?解放初,我们就宣传工人当家做了主。三十多年过去了,难道还没成为企业的主人?“三十多年来一直对国营企业的职工进行主人翁思想教育这件事本身,恰恰证明国营企业职工不是企业的主人。”党治国写道,“一对年轻夫妇买了一台彩电,等不到走出商店的大门,对于这台彩电的主人翁思想,便像铁钉一样钉入了他们的脑海,根本用不着对他们进行主人翁思想的教育。”<br />
<br />
Aren't workers the owners of enterprises? At the beginning of liberation, we publicized that workers were the masters of the country. After more than 30 years, haven't they become the owner of the enterprise? "For more than 30 years, we have been educating the employees of state-owned enterprises about their ownership, which just proves that the employees of state-owned enterprises are not the owners of enterprises." Dang Zhiguo wrote, "After a young couple bought a color TV set, the ownership about this TV will be nailed into their minds before they get out of the door of the store. And there is no need to educate them how to be the owner of it."<br />
<br />
我们不是承认思想是第二性的吗?那么,主人翁思想也应该是被物质存在决定的オ对。党治国的思考方向带有科学性。<br />
<br />
Don't we admit that conscious experience is based in physical processes? Then, ownership should also be determined by material existence. The thinking direction of Dang is scientific.<br />
<br />
我们常常可以看到这种场面:一个工厂突然停电了,或者是机器坏了,工人们喜形于色,奔走相告。因为既可以早回家,又算是出勤了,工资照发。企业的亏损或盈利和职工的利益没有多大关系。群众不能多得,但是可以少劳。职工对企业的冷漠态度,不过是企业所有制关系在职工意识中的反映。<br />
<br />
We can often see such scenes: a factory suddenly went out of power, or the machine broke down, and the workers were jubilant and rushed to tell each other. Because they can go home early and they also punch in, so they can still gain salary. The loss or profit of an enterprise has little to do with the interests of employees. The masses can't get more, but they can work less. The indifferent attitude of employees towards enterprises is only a reflection of the sense of ownership of enterprises.<br />
<br />
企业的领导是不是主人?当然我们有很多优秀的领导,但是为什么报纸上经常有这样的披露:<br />
<br />
Is the leader of an enterprise the master? Of course, we have many excellent leaders, but why do newspapers often disclose this:<br />
<br />
“新华社长春7月21日电:吉林铁合金厂9名厂级干部在不到两年的时间里, 平均每人晋升5.28级,其中最高的长了7.5级;1984年,每人平均得奖金1770多元,是职エ奖金的4.4倍。”（1985年7月22日《西安晚报》）<br />
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"Changchun/July 21/Xinhua News Agency: In less than two years, nine factory-level cadres of Jilin Ferroalloy Factory were promoted by an average of 5.28 levels, of which the highest was 7.5 levels; In 1984, each person received an average bonus of more than 1,770 yuan, which was 4.4 times the employee bonus." (Xi'an Evening News, July 22, 1985)<br />
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“鞍钢钢铁研究所联合实验厂三名领导干部‘以官论奖’,乱分奖金现象严重。 他们在不到九个月的时间里,每人平均分得奖金8600余元,相当于工人奖金的19倍,在职工中造成恶劣影响。”（1985年8月6日《工人日报》）<br />
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"Three leading cadres in the joint experimental factory of Angang Iron and Steel Research Institute 'give awards according to seniority', and the phenomenon of randomly dividing bonuses is serious. In less than nine months, each of them received an average bonus of more than 8,600 yuan, which is equivalent to 19 times of the employee bonus, causing bad influence on employees." (Workers' Daily, August 6, 1985)<br />
<br />
“这类国营企业的领导人,他们作风上的损害国家及职工利益以自肥,和工作上的极端不负责任,说明他们也不是企业的主人。”<br />
<br />
"The leaders of such state-owned enterprises, whose style of work is harmful to the interests of the state and employees, and they are extremely irresponsible for their work, which shows that they are not the owners of the enterprises."<br />
<br />
“主人不盗窃自己的财产。”党治国一语道破了问题的实质。<br />
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"The owner does not steal his own property." Dang's words reveal the essence of the problem.<br />
<br />
他进一步论证说:“主人就是人格化的所有权。作为企业的主人,他个人的利益和命运应该同企业的兴衰和前途是息息相关的。他在企业中的利益,绝不是一个可以忽略的量。例如对于一个拥有1000万元资金和1000名职工的企业来说, 每个职工推动的生产资金为1万元。而如果每个职工仅仅以社会全体成员之一, 也就是说作为我国10亿人口之一的身份享有对企业的所有权,那么企业的资产对于每个职工来说就只有0.01元。企业的倒闭只使职工个人损失1分钱,又怎么能期望每个职工把企业的存亡当作自己性命攸关的事情呢?”<br />
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He further argued: "Owner is personalized ownership. As the owner of an enterprise, his personal interests and destiny should be closely related to the rise and fall and future of the enterprise. His interests in the enterprise are by no means negligible. For example, for an enterprise with 10 million yuan capital and 1,000 employees, the production capital promoted by each employee is 10,000 yuan. And if each employee only enjoys the ownership of the enterprise as one of all members of society, that is to say, as one of China's 1 billion people, then the assets of the enterprise are only 0.01 yuan for each employee. The collapse of the enterprise only makes the individual lose 1 cent. So how can we expect each employee to regard the survival of the enterprise as a matter of vital importance?"<br />
<br />
当一个人对于企业财产拥有的数量,足以影响他的生存并决定他的贫富的时候,他方才称得上企业的真正主人,而不仅仅是观念上的主人。主人的权利表现在参与企业的决策和管理的权利;在企业按劳动参加分配的权利;按对企业财产占有量参加利润分配的权利。<br />
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When the amount of property owned by an individual is enough to affect his survival and determine his wealth, he can be called the real owner of the enterprise, not just the conceptual owner. The owner's right is manifested in the right to participate in the decision-making and management of the enterprise, in the right to participate in distribution according to labor in enterprises, and in the right to participate in profit distribution according to the possession of enterprise property.<br />
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农村实行联产承包责任制获得成功,有人便以为承包万能,在城市里也大搞承包。但“包字进城”并没有取得预想的结果。党治国找出了其中的原因。农民承包成功,关键是权利和义务的对等。超产固然使农民首先得利,歉产也使农民首先亏损。经营责任者没有责任能力（赔偿能力）,是国有企业严重存在而又难以解决的实际问题。有的厂长说,我给国家亏损了几十万。可有什么办法?把我这一百多斤交给孙二娘卖人肉包子,也卖不了几个钱嘛。<br />
<br />
When the implementation of the household responsibility system in rural areas was successful, some people thought that the system was omnipotent, so they also introduced it in cities. However, it did not achieve the expected results. Dang found the reason. The key to the success of farmers' household responsibility system is the equivalence of rights and obligations. Although overproduction makes farmers benefit first, failure to produce also makes farmers lose first. It is a serious and difficult problem for state-owned enterprises to solve that those who are responsible for management have no responsibility ability (or compensation ability). Some factory directors said that they lost hundreds of thousands of yuan to the country. But what can they do? Let Sun Erniang make filling in buns with my flesh weighing over 100 jin to sell them, and she can't earn too much.<br />
<br />
没有责任能力的时候,就可能不负责任。好比叫一个3岁的小孩上街买彩电, 他在路上把钱丢了,你也无可奈何,因为小孩没有这个责任能力。<br />
<br />
When you have no ability to be responsible, you may be irresponsible. For example, if a 3-year-old child is asked to buy a color TV set, and he loses his money on the way, you have no alternative, because the child doesn't have the ability to be responsible.<br />
<br />
党治国把问题做了进一步的引申,说明国营企业缺乏持久的活力,是一个包括社会主义和资本主义国家在内的世界性问题。我们在理论上承认职工是企业的主人,却不知道主人的财产权究竟在哪里?主人,这是一个确切的经济事实,而不是一个思想概念。它确定职工在企业中的地位,使职工看到关系着自己的命运的可变的经济利益,唤起职工的负责精神!<br />
<br />
Dang extended the problem, which shows that the lack of lasting vitality of state-owned enterprises is a worldwide problem including socialist and capitalist countries. Theoretically, we admit that employees are the owner of the enterprise, but we don't know where the owner's property rights are. Owner is an exact economic fact, not an ideological concept. It determines the position of employees in the enterprise, makes employees see the variable economic interests related to their own destiny, and evokes the sense of responsibility of employees!<br />
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“走后门”和经济规律<br />
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Pulling Strings and Economic Laws<br />
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主人不在,后门洞开。<br />
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In the absence of the owner, the back door opened.<br />
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有些紧俏商品,例如名牌自行车,凭票证供应。票证本来是无价的,但是人们通过送礼、行贿从后门搞来的票证,就是有价的了。交换越发展,票证就越能得到它的充分价值。最后,一张票证甚至可卖到100来元。<br />
<br />
Some goods in short supply, such as brand-name bicycles, are supplied by coupons (a system imposed to control the production of food and to boost industrialization). Coupons are priceless, but coupons that people get by pulling strings and bribes are valuable. The more the exchange develops, the more the coupon can get its full value. Finally, a coupon can even be sold for about 100 yuan.<br />
<br />
名牌自行车的供销矛盾,本来可以通过调整价格来解决。如果原来值150元一辆,可以提高到200元、250元,提高到一定程度,供销就会趋向平衡。每辆自行车多卖的钱,就用来扩大名牌自行车的生产。<br />
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The contradiction between supply and marketing of famous brand bicycles could have been solved by adjusting the price. If the original price of 150 yuan can be raised to 200 yuan or 250 yuan, and the supply and marketing will tend to be balanced when the price is raised to a certain level. The extra money sold for each bicycle can be used to expand the production of famous brand bicycles.<br />
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但是我们却用票证来限制购买。结果是100元钱从前门送不进,只好从后门送给了私人。自行车的充分价格,通过曲折的道路实现了。<br />
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But we use coupons to restrict purchases. As a result, 100 yuan's money could not be sent in through the front door, so it had to be given to individuals through the back door privately. The full price of bicycles is raised through winding roads.<br />
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所以,经济规律不仅不以人们的意志为转移,反过来还要转移人们的意志。党治国发表了他的论文:《经济规律在行动中——论走后门是济经规律遇阻时发生作用的一种形式》。<br />
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Therefore, economic laws not only do not transfer people's will, but also transfer people's will in turn. Dang published his paper: "Economic laws are in action—pulling strings is a form of economic laws that work when they are limited".<br />
<br />
“走后门等不正之风不过是国家花巨款买来的社会祸害。它是经济规律遇阻时发生作用的一种形式,也是经济规律对于诸如‘物价稳定’‘等价交换’、否定地租规律等固定观念的惩罚。”“人们所能改变的,只是经济规律发生作用的形式,而不能改变经济规律本身。”<br />
<br />
"Dishonest practices such as pulling strings are just social scourges bought by the state with huge sums of money. It is a form of economic laws that work when they are limited, and also the punishment of economic laws for fixed concepts such as 'price stability', 'equivalent exchange' and denial of land rent law." "What people can change is only the form in which economic laws work, but not the economic laws themselves."<br />
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我走到西安的城墙下,城墙周长11.9公里,高12米,顶宽12至14米。真是 庞大的防御体系。给人安全感和封闭感。这是明朝朱元璋修建的:“高筑墙,广积粮,缓称王。”后来我们继承传统,提出了“深挖洞,广积粮,不称霸”。结果是即使称霸也未必具有威慑力量,至今吃饭还要粮票,西安市中心的地下防空洞改装成了低档的游乐场。洞内墙壁剥落,洞里传出粗重的迪斯科乐声。售票员姑娘在众目睽睽之下用廉价的化妆品细细地对着小镜子抹脸。好像她的工作不是售票,而是做化妆讲座。<br />
<br />
I walked under the city wall of Xi'an. The perimeter of the city wall was 11.9 kilometers, and it was 12 meters high and 12 to 14 meters wide. What a huge defense system, giving people a sense of security and isolation. This was built by Zhu Yuanzhang in the Ming Dynasty: "Build a high wall, accumulate more grain, and slowly become an emperor." Later, we inherited the tradition and put forward the idea of "digging deep holes, accumulating grain extensively, and not seeking hegemony". As a result, even hegemony may not have deterrent power. Up to now, food coupons were needed if you wanted to eat something, and the underground air-raid shelter in the center of Xi'an had been converted into a low-grade amusement park. The walls in the cave peeled off, and thick and heavy disco music came from the cave. The conductor girl applied cheap cosmetics carefully in front of the small mirror in full view of the public. It seemed that her job was not to sell tickets, but to give makeup lectures.<br />
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有什么样的经济基础,就会产生什么样的生活水准和精神素质。经济规律活动在我们的各个领域中。<br />
<br />
Different economic foundations will produce different living standards and spiritual quality. Economic laws are in our various fields.<br />
<br />
尤其突出地活动在住房问题中。我走进城郊党治国的家。屋顶是一根根劈开的树杆,有一根树干上写着一行字:“公元一九八五年金秋九月三日正午新屋上梁大吉。”自然是农民房了。这一间二十多平方米的房,如果在别处就得收月租35元到45元。但这里近处是铁道,噪音不断。窗后是煤厂的大煤堆。一年四季不敢开窗,免得刮一屋子煤灰,所以月租是25元。<br />
<br />
They are especially active in the housing problem. I walked into Dang’s home in a suburb. The roof was made of tree trunks, and a line was written on one trunk: "At noon on September 3rd in the golden autumn of 1985 AD, the new house is in good condition." Naturally, it was a rural house. If this room of more than 20 square meters were located elsewhere, it would have to be rented monthly from 35 yuan to 45 yuan. But there was a railway near here, so there was constant noise. Behind the window was a large coal pile in the coal plant. People dared not open windows all year round, so as to avoid coal ashes from falling in the whole room. So the monthly rent was 25 yuan.<br />
<br />
“这就是地租规律。”党治国对我说,“这是由供需关系决定的。不过住房商品化至今难以推行,总是有人反对吧。人的本能就是利益的本能。现在有些地方,盖房用了一年时间,分房倒用了两年时间。分房比盖房还难。因为违反了地租规律、经济规律。<br />
<br />
"This is the law of land rent." He said to me, "This is determined by the relationship between supply and demand. However, it is difficult to implement the commercialization of housing so far, and some people always oppose it. Human instinct is the instinct of interests. Nowadays, in some places, it takes one year to build houses, but it takes two years to distribute houses. It is more difficult to distribute houses than to build them. Because it violates the laws of land rent and the economy."<br />
<br />
“用行政手段分房,来代替经济规律平衡人口的分布,结果是人们将为之付出活动费和贿赂。这只不过是社会自愿放弃的房租的转化形式。贿赂的多少不是由特权者的贪欲或是行贿者的经济状况决定的,而是由地租规律及其受阻程度决定的。”<br />
<br />
"Using administrative means to distribute houses instead of economic laws to balance the distribution of population. As a result, people will pay activity fees and bribes for it. This is just a transformation form of rent voluntarily abandoned by society. Bribes are not determined by the greed of privileged people or the economic situation of bribers, but by the law of land rent and its degree of obstruction."<br />
<br />
我想起我走进党治国家之前,附近不少农民在盖房,自然又是商品房。我乘坐的那辆汽车差点和一辆运砖的马车相撞——太挤了。人。砖。水泥。木料。而这个盖房大竞赛的总指挥是:经济规律。<br />
<br />
I remembered that before I walked into Dang’s house, many farmers nearby were building houses, which were naturally commercial houses. The car I was in almost collided with a carriage carrying bricks—it was too crowded. People. Bricks. Cement. Wood. And the commander-in-chief of this big competition for building houses is: economic laws.<br />
<br />
思想的局限<br />
<br />
Limitations of Thought<br />
<br />
“两栖人”党治国在继续研制气动凿岩机的同时,又在经济理论的岩层上向更深的层次开凿:他的经济论文《论剪刀差》《经济规律在行动中一论走后门是经济规律受阻时发生作用的一种形式》《一个重要的经济规律——论基本分配规律》等一篇篇地发表了。不过都发在科技刊物上。这未必是经济规律受阻,而是学术空气受阻时发生作用的一种形式。<br />
<br />
While continuing to study rotary pneumatic rock drills, the "Amphibious Man" had dug deeper into the rock stratum of economic theory: his economic papers "On Scissors Difference", " Economic laws are in action—pulling strings is a form of economic laws that work when they are limited", "An Important Economic Law: On Basic Distribution Laws" and so on. They had been published one by one. But they were all published in scientific journals. This is not necessarily a form of action when the economic laws are limited, but a form of action when the academic atmosphere is blocked.<br />
<br />
党治国抓住了事物的根本——经济规律的指挥棒,他便能听清思想工作中的不和谐音了:<br />
<br />
When Dang grasped the baton of economic laws, which is the root of things, he can hear the dissonance in ideological work:<br />
<br />
公有制下的企业,只有在一定条件下,即革命胜利后革命政党和那些受到 革命鼓舞的群众还保持着革命热情和充满着革命理想那样一个黄金时代,才能正常运转和迅速发展。随着革命热情被利害的打算冷却,革命理想为日常的现实所冲淡,这些企业的弊病就出来了。<br />
<br />
Enterprises under public ownership can operate normally and develop rapidly only under certain conditions, that is, after the victory of the revolution, the revolutionary political parties and the masses encouraged by the revolution still maintain revolutionary enthusiasm and are full of revolutionary ideals, which is a golden age. As revolutionary enthusiasm is cooled by plans focusing on interests and revolutionary ideals are less strong because of daily reality, problems of these enterprises come out.<br />
<br />
我们曾经把共产主义简化为小生产者的平均主义,并且宣布是马上就可 以进入的“天堂”。当这种共产主义的幼稚幻想被残酷的事实粉碎后,又代之以“阶级斗争要搞一万年”的极度悲观的论调,并由此诱发出人整人,狂热。人们对一万年以后的共产主义无从稽考,所以光用共产主义的豪言壮语难以普遍地激发人们的热情了。<br />
<br />
We once simplified communism and regarded it as egalitarianism of small producers and declared it a "paradise" that can be entered immediately. When this naive fantasy of communism was shattered by cruel facts, it was replaced by the extremely pessimistic argument that "class conflict should last for ten thousand years", which induced the phenomenon that people trick people and fanaticism. There is no way for people to examine communism after 10,000 years, so it is difficult to arouse people's enthusiasm universally with the grandiloquence of communism alone.<br />
<br />
对于未来,我们更多谈及的,往往是多少产量、多少收入等等物质生活的 提高。很少论及我们的社会主义将有什么发展,我们的所有制、生产方式、分配关系、政治制度、家庭结构、人际关系、思想观念,到时候是什么样子。<br />
<br />
For the future, we often talk more about the improvement of material life, such as output, income and so on. Very little is said about the development of our socialism, and what our ownership, mode of production, distribution relations, political system, family structure, interpersonal relationships and ideas will look like in the days to come.<br />
<br />
当我们常常用未来物质生活如何丰富的数字来充塞人们的头脑时,又怎 能希望只用思想和劝善来填补精神的匮乏呢!<br />
<br />
When we often fill people's minds with figures of how rich material life will be in the future, how can we hope to fill the lack of spirit only by using thoughts and encouraging people to do good?<br />
<br />
现在常常听到责备人们“向钱看”。权利和义务是不可分的。权利超过 义务,就会不负责任,以权谋私;义务超过权利,人们就会推卸责任而变得冷漠,并变着法弥补自己被忽略的利益。这两类表现,可以归之于“觉悟不高”或“思想落后”吧。不过这种道义上的谴责和政治上的批评并不能解决根本问题。撤销职务和法律惩处虽然儆戒未来,却无助于弥补已经造成的经济损失。何况被撤掉的职务本来就不属于被撤职者自己。<br />
<br />
Nowadays, people are often blamed for "looking at money". Rights and obligations are inseparable. If rights exceed obligations, people will be irresponsible and abuse power for personal gain; When obligations exceed rights, people will shirk their responsibilities, become indifferent, and rack their brains to make up for their neglected interests. These two kinds of manifestations can be attributed to "low consciousness" or "regressive ideas". However, this moral condemnation and political criticism cannot solve the fundamental problem. Although dismissal and legal punishment are an example to the future, they will not help to make up for the economic losses already caused. What's more, the removed position does not belong to the removed person himself.<br />
<br />
主人公的责任感,说到底,首先不是一种思想问题,而是一个所有权的问 题。只有当每个社会成员清楚地感受到社会主义所有制对自己究竟意味着什么,才会真正关心社会主义经济的现状和未来,才会真正以主人的身份行使自己的支配权、劳动权和分配权。<br />
<br />
In the final analysis, the owner's sense of responsibility is not a matter of thought, but a matter of ownership. Only when every member of society clearly feels what socialist ownership means to himself, will he really care about the present situation and future of socialist economy, and will he truly exercise his right to dominate, work and distribute as an owner.<br />
<br />
在这种情况下,反复对人们进行主人翁思想教育,将只会使他们感到诧 异。如同你在路上突然被人拉住,向你宣传你要对自己的身体倍加爱护一样。既然人们事实上是社会的主人,并且每个人无一例外地从主人的地位中得到了实际的利益,他们自然而且必然会关心生产资料的正确支配和合理使用,把社会主义事业的发展看作与自己性命攸关的事情。<br />
<br />
In this case, it will only surprise people to repeatedly educate them about being owners. It's like being suddenly pulled by someone on the road, who tell you that you should take more care of your body. Since people are in fact the owners of society, and everyone without exception gets actual benefits from their status as owners, they will naturally and inevitably care about the correct control and rational use of the means of production, and regard the development of the socialist cause as a matter of vital importance to their own lives.<br />
<br />
不能把共产主义这一具有鲜明时代特征的科学等同于自古以来就有的舍 己为人、公而忘私乃至降格到积德行善的水平。原始公社时期那种“不独亲其亲,不独子其子”的人际关系,并不是思想觉悟的表现,而是由生产资料公有制的关系决定的。共产主义不是一种孤立的品质,而是一种标志着一个社会发展阶段的生产关系、社会关系的科学。这就如同卖菜时很会算账的同志未必懂得高等数学ー样。<br />
<br />
Communism, a science with distinctive characteristics of the times, cannot be equated with self-sacrifice, devoted to public interests as to forget one’s own interests, or even degraded to the level of accumulating virtues and doing good deeds since ancient times. In the primitive commune period, the interpersonal relationship—People don't just think of their relatives as their relatives, and they don't just think of their children as their children—was not a manifestation of ideological consciousness, but determined by the relationship of public ownership of the means of production. Communism is not an isolated quality, but a science that marks the relations of production and social relations in a stage of social development. This is just like comrades who are good at settling accounts when selling vegetables may not know advanced mathematics.<br />
<br />
理想和热情必须从科学社会主义的经济基础上产生出来,不可能附着在 过时的体制上。列宁说:“依靠信念、忠诚和其他优秀的精神品质,这在政治上是完全不严肃的。”这里还要加上一句:这在经济上也是完全不严肃的。<br />
<br />
Ideals and passions must emerge from the economic foundation of scientific socialism, and cannot be attached to outdated systems. Lenin said: "Relying on faith, loyalty and other excellent spiritual qualities is completely not serious in politics." Besides, it is also not economically serious at all.<br />
<br />
这里丝毫不包含轻视思想的作用,而是说观念是和利益连接在ー起的。马克思说,精神从一开始就很倒霉,注定要受物质的纠缠。离开了具体的物质利益,单纯靠思想工作来解决所有问题是不现实的。<br />
<br />
There is no contempt for the role of ideas here, but the meaning is that ideas are connected with interests. Marx said that the spirit is unlucky from the beginning, and is destined to be entangled by material. Without concrete material interests, it is unrealistic to solve all problems simply by ideological work.<br />
<br />
党治国企图说明和坚持的,是意识由存在来决定的唯物主义基本原理。<br />
<br />
What Dang attempts to explain and adhere to is the basic principle of materialism that consciousness is determined by existence.<br />
<br />
经济一团糟的经济理论家<br />
<br />
An Economic Theorist Without Money<br />
<br />
党治国对社会主义所有制关系的研究,主张要严格区别公有和共有这两个概念。马克思、恩格斯在《共产党宣言》中强调:“在发展进程中,当阶级差别已经消失而全部生产集中在联合起来的个人的手里的时候,公众的权利就失去政治的性质。”党治国由此认为,科学社会主义所有制,是“联合起来的个人”的所有制,即共有制。社会主义共有制是社会主义公有制的必要准备。社会主义公有制是社会主义共有制的必然趋势。公有不能量化,共有可以量化到个人。<br />
<br />
In the study of socialist ownership relations, Dang advocated to strictly distinguish the two concepts of public ownership and common ownership. Marx and Engels emphasized in The Communist Manifesto: "In the process of development, when class differences have disappeared and all production is concentrated in the hands of united individuals, public rights will lose their political nature." Therefore, Dang held that the scientific socialist ownership was the ownership of "united individuals", that is, the public ownership system. Socialist communal system is the necessary preparation for socialist public ownership. Socialist public ownership is the inevitable trend of socialist public ownership system. Public ownership cannot be quantified, but common ownership can be quantified to individuals.<br />
<br />
公有也罢,共有也罢,党治国自己是一无所有。<br />
<br />
Whether it is public or common, Dang found that he had nothing.<br />
<br />
他1980年出狱后,到现在已经搬了六次家,这才搬到这间靠着煤山、傍着火车轨道的符合地租规律的农民房里。杜甫当年疾呼:安得广厦千万间,大庇天下寒士俱欢颜。当代寒士党治国和他的父母、儿子的衣物连同他们四个人,加起来用一辆东风三轮就可以拉着跑了。所以尽管东搬西挪地到处借房,倒也不算费事。<br />
<br />
Since he was released from prison in 1980, he has moved six times to this rural house, which was close to a coal mountain, beside the train track and conformed to the law of land rent. Du Fu cried out in those days: Could I get mansions covering ten thousand miles, I'd house all scholars poor and make them beam with smiles. The clothes of the contemporary poor man Dang Zhiguo and his parents and son, together with the four, can be pulled with one Dongfeng motor tricycle. Therefore, although they borrowed houses everywhere, it was not troublesome.<br />
<br />
1986年的中国,城市里居然还有这样穷困的角落。一眼望去,这间屋里不是板子,就是绳子。旧板子搁在长凳上,是党治国和他儿子的床。他父母睡一张借来的旧板床,床腿绑着绳子倒也能站得住。凳子的腿也绑着绳子。破写字桌上,又是用一根白绳子系着一个自己用烟纸卷就的灯罩。<br />
<br />
In China in 1986, there was such a poor corner in the city. At first glance, this room had either planks or ropes. The old plank was on the bench, which was the bed for Dang and his son. His parents slept in a borrowed old bed made of planks, and the legs of the bed can stand with ropes tied. The legs of the stool were also tied with ropes. On the broken writing desk was a lampshade wrapped with cigarette paper and tied with a white rope.<br />
<br />
还有大案板和小板箱。<br />
<br />
There were also big chopping boards and small crates.<br />
<br />
党治国这30年,从精神到肉体的挨板子,从精神到肉体的被捆绑,终算安定下来了,陪伴他的又多是板子和绳子!我只觉ー阵苦楚。<br />
<br />
In the past 30 years, he was beaten from the spirit to the body, and was tied up from the spirit to the body, and he finally settled down. What accompanied by him most were planks and ropes! I only felt a burst of pain.<br />
<br />
恩格斯说过,马克思是最大的经济学家,可是他自己的经济ー团糟。<br />
<br />
Engels said that Marx was the influential economist, but his own economy was bad.<br />
<br />
一位朋友为说话而说话:“今天天气很好。”<br />
<br />
A friend spoke for the sake of talking: "It's a fine day today."<br />
<br />
“1970年的时候,我弟弟唯一的愿望就是但求有个好天气。”党治国说,“当时已经决定判我死刑了。家里人有什么办法?只求能从刑场拉回我的尸体。弟弟借好了架子车,可是我老家韩城离铜川有三四百里地,要是赶上雨天,那一趟泥地够我弟弟拉的!我既然必死无疑,家里人就退ー步只希望有个好天气了。”<br />
<br />
"In 1970, my brother's only wish was to have a good weather." Dang said, "At that time, it was decided to sentence me to death. What can my family do? They just want to pull my body back from the execution ground. My younger brother borrowed a wheelbarrow, but my hometown Hancheng was three or four hundred li away from Tongchuan. If it was a rainy day, it would be difficult for my younger brother to pull the wheelbarrow because of the mud! Now that I will die definitely, my family concede and only hope for a good weather."<br />
<br />
党治国好像在叙述一件与己无关的事。淡淡的。也许他遇到的悲剧太多了? 也许他们韩城人有判刑后发奋的传统?他的书桌旁贴着一幅韩城人司马迁狱中写《史记》的画。党治国在狱中通读《资本论》三遍,自然还读凡能入狱的马、恩、列、 斯、毛的著作。监狱里来了新犯人,每每叫党治国来一个节目——背诵《矛盾论》和《实践论》,一字不差。<br />
<br />
He seemed to make light of a matter that has nothing to do with himself. Maybe he had encountered too many tragedies? Maybe they Hancheng people had a tradition of striving after being sentenced? Next to his desk was a painting of Sima Qian, a native of Hancheng, writing ''Records of the Grand Historian'' in prison. Dang read ''Das Kapital'' three times in prison, and naturally read the works of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin and Mao Zedong who can be imprisoned. When there were new prisoners, they asked Dang to perform every time—he recited ''On Contradiction'' and ''On Practice'' verbatim.<br />
<br />
读书之余便是写作。他这间板子加绳子的屋里,唯一可以进入80年代的,是他妹妹送他的一只红皮箱,箱里全是他写的经济学论文的手稿。在剪刀差、所有制等等的中间,扎眼地珍藏着一部精装本的《简・爱》。这是他第四次买《简・爱》了。抄走一本,再买一本。以他现在还欠债一千来元的经济条件,去买一本不知读过多少遍的小说锁于箱里,足见他对简・爱这个女主角的偏爱了。我不由得望望箱边堆着的脏衣服,那么,箱里的简・爱便是这屋的单身男子的妻了。<br />
<br />
Besides reading, Dang wrote something in his spare time. In his room with planks and ropes, the only thing that can enter the 1980s was a red suitcase given to him by his sister, which was full of manuscripts of his economics papers. In the middle of scissors difference, ownership and so on, a hardcover version of Jane Eyre was conspicuously treasured. This was the fourth time he has bought Jane Eyre. If one was confiscated, he would buy another one. With the economic condition that he was still in debt of about 1,000 yuan, he bought a novel that he had read many times and locked it in a box, which showed his preference for Jane Eyre, the heroine. I couldn't help looking at the dirty clothes piled up by the box, so Jane Eyre in the box was the wife of a single man in this room.<br />
<br />
没有一个个人问题是超越社会平均水平之上的。<br />
<br />
No individual problem is above the average level of society.<br />
<br />
他的个人命运和祖国的命运是完全一致的。<br />
<br />
His personal fate is completely consistent with that of his motherland.<br />
<br />
1957年以前国家是发展的,他个人是顺利的。1957年国家受损失,他个人受挫折。1962年国家开始恢复元气,他摘掉了“右派”帽子。1965年国家兴旺了,他参加了先进技术传播队,能力得到发挥了。十年浩劫,他十年监狱。现在他落实政策不那么顺利,因为国家头绪纷繁、问题严重。<br />
<br />
Before 1957, the country was developing, and everything went smoothly for him. In 1957, the country suffered losses and he suffered personal setbacks. In 1962, when the country began to recover, he took off the hat of "rightist". In 1965, when the country flourished, he joined the advanced technology communication team and brought his ability into full play. During ten years of Cultural Revolution, he spent ten years in prison. At present, his implementation of policies was not so smooth, because the country had too many things to attend to and had serious problems.<br />
<br />
“国家、社会解放的程度,就是我自己解放的程度。只有解放全人类才能解放自己,这对我不是一种思想,而是一种不可逃避的命运。”<br />
<br />
"The degree of national and social liberation is the degree of my own liberation. Only when all mankind are liberated, can I liberate myself. This is not an idea for me, but an inescapable fate."<br />
<br />
这就如同他说的,我们搞社会主义不是因为社会主义优越,而是因为这是一种规律。优越是指方案而言的——哪ー种方案优越。而规律无所谓优越不优越——必须遵循它,早晚得遵循它,不遵循也得遵循!<br />
<br />
As he said, we adopt socialism not because it is superior, but because it is a kind of law. Superiority refers to which scheme is superior. And for the law, it doesn't matter whether it is superior or not—it must be followed, sooner or later, and you have to follow it even if you don’t want to!<br />
<br />
党治国不能说已经获得了彻底的解放,如同我们的生产力也没有从不适合的所有制的束缚下完全解放出来。<br />
<br />
It cannot be said that Dang has been completely liberated, just as our productive forces have not been completely liberated under the shackles of unsuitable ownership.<br />
<br />
“我们固有的体制适合搞政治运动,不适合经济发展。”党治国简直成了一个理论狂人。一开口就是体制、所有制,再不就是说:“你对这个问题怎么看?”<br />
<br />
"Our inherent system is suitable for political movement and not for economic development." Dang Zhiguo has become a theory fanatic. When he spoke, he talked about system and ownership, or said: "What do you think of this problem?"<br />
<br />
党治国咄咄逼人地、愣头愣脑地要人回答这些他整日思考的而别人未必感兴趣的,他以为是最重要的而别人认为是八竿子打不着的,他醉心的而别人无心的, 他津津乐道的而别人无动于衷的问题。<br />
<br />
Aggressively and recklessly, Dang required people to answer some questions that he thought all day long but others may not be interested in, that he thought were the most important but others thought that they were none of their business, that he was obsessed with but others were careless, that he relished but others were indifferent.<br />
<br />
他慷慨陈词,满脸涨红。别人应付他:“唉唉,是呵是呵,啧啧!”再不就是把别人吓得怯怯的,一下子从大人变成了站起来回答老师问题的小学生,讷讷地:“我觉得么……”<br />
<br />
He presented his view vehemently and his face turned red. Others phoned it in: "Alas, yes, oh!" Or he would scare others, and others suddenly change from an adult to an inarticulate primary school student who stands up and answers the teacher's questions. "Well, I think..."<br />
<br />
他满脑门的政治和经济,满脑门的规律和所有制。但别人是凡人,需要了解一些趣闻,一些轶事,一些消息,一些共同感兴趣的现实问题,需要吃喝拉撒睡。<br />
<br />
His mind was full of politics and economy, law and ownership. But others are normal people, and they need to know some interesting stories, anecdotes, news and practical problems of common interest, and they need to eat, drink and sleep.<br />
<br />
而他似乎只需要吃着政治,睡在经济上。他要和他周围一切的人探讨政治经济。他会吸引一些人,也会吓走一些人。<br />
<br />
It seemed that he only needed to eat politics and sleep on economy. He wanted to discuss politics and economy with everyone around him. He would attract some people, but would also scare away some people.<br />
<br />
他的见地每每是独到的,但他过于急切地阐述他的观点,乃至近乎要强加于人。对于“经济”,他的发问更是近乎发难。<br />
<br />
His insights were often original, but he was so eager to expound his views that he almost imposed them on others. As for "economy", his question was almost blame.<br />
<br />
他和一般人不一样,他是有些不一般;他和正常人不一样,他可不是不正常。<br />
<br />
He was different from ordinary people, and he was somewhat unusual; He was different from normal people, but he is sane.<br />
<br />
他关心的正是大众的利益,但是大众未必接受他的关心。<br />
<br />
What he cared about was the interests of the public, but the public may not accept his concern.<br />
<br />
他希望大家都能透过现象关心本质,但是大家往往喜欢谈论现象,而无心顾及本质。谈论现象是一种情绪发泄的需要,顾及本质却需要苦苦地开动大脑。<br />
<br />
He hoped that everyone can care about the essence through the phenomenon, but people often like to talk about the phenomenon, and they don't care about the essence. Talking about phenomena is a need to vent emotions, but taking into account the essence requires thinking hard.<br />
<br />
他不是那种可以用计算机程序计算出来的人。他欠稳妥,欠含蓄,但他“虽有小偏,终有大成”。任何社会变革首先要找到实现变革的社会力量。要打土豪分田地找到了贫农,要打倒老革命找到了红卫兵。今天的改革如小平同志所说是第二次革命,我们需要透辟的经济理论家。<br />
<br />
He is not the kind of person who can be calculated by computer program. He is not that reliable and subtle, but he "will have a big success although he has small shortcomings". Any social change must first find the social forces to realize the change. To fight against landlords, divide fields, we found poor farmers. To defeat the old revolution, we found Red Guards. Today's reform, as Comrade Xiaoping said, is the second revolution, and we need economic theorists with insights.<br />
<br />
我找到了党治国。不过不是我找他,是他先写信给我,打动了我。我采访受苦受难的人的时候,容易掉泪。但不知为什么,采访这个经济状况一团糟的经济理论家的时候,我一滴泪都没有。是他不需要别人同情,还是和他在一起的人都会变得只剩下粗线条了?<br />
<br />
I found Dang Zhiguo. But I didn't look for him, but he wrote to me first and touched me. When I interview people in difficulty, I tend to cry. But somehow, when I interviewed this economic theorist who was in a bad economic situation, I didn't shed a tear. Is it because he doesn't need sympathy from others, or will people who are with him not pay attention to trifles?<br />
<br />
“我不是一个受苦受难的科技人员!不是要人同情的人!”他冲着我大喊,“我是个好汉!是个男子汉!是有思想的!尤其有经济思想!”<br />
<br />
"I am not a scientific and technical personnel in difficulty! I am not a person who needs sympathy!" He shouted at me, "I am a hero! I am a man! I am thoughtful! I especially have economic thinking!"<br />
<br />
思想使党治国永远处于躁动不安的状态中,有时他为了理想忘却了现实,有时现实又催促他去追求理想。前不久他又写完一篇专门探讨所有制的论文:《社会主义所有制关系的发展》。文章观点大胆、新颖、独到。他提出的观点未必就尽善尽美、无懈可击,但是,即使其中包含一些真理的萌芽或片面的真理,也可以活跃我们的思维。“双百”方针实施三十多年了,一个宽松的、发展人们思维成果的环境正在形成。党治国的经济理论的产生和他这个理论狂人的出现,不是偶然的。人为的呼唤和扼杀,不过加速或延缓产生的时间。<br />
<br />
Thought makes Dang in a restless state forever. Sometimes he forgets reality for his ideal, and sometimes reality urges him to pursue his ideal. Not long ago, he finished a paper focusing on ownership: "The Development of Socialist Ownership Relations". The viewpoint of the article is bold, novel and original. His views may not be perfect and impeccable, but even if it contains the beginning of truths or one-sided truths, it can still activate our thinking. The Hundred Flowers Campaign had been implemented for more than 30 years, so a relaxing environment for developing people's thinking achievements was taking shape. The emergence of Dang’s economic theories and him as a theoretical madman are not accidental. Calling and strangling by human beings only speed up or delay the emergence time.<br />
<br />
能不能搞一个共产主义特区?他想。在强大的习惯势力面前,不能都搞先破后立,需要先立后破。只有实践自己的经济理论,把理论立起来,形成强烈对比,才可以春风至而冰雪消。<br />
<br />
Can we set up a communist special zone? He thought. In the face of strong habits, we can't break all fixed modes first and create new ones, but we need to do the opposite. Only by practicing our own economic theory to form a strong contrast can the spring breeze come and the ice and snow disappear.<br />
<br />
他是不是还带有空想的色彩?那么,马克思同志,请允许我提一个问题,您看20世纪80年代中国的改革怎么搞?<br />
<br />
Does he still have the color of fantasy? Then, Comrade Marx, please allow me to ask a question. What do you think of China's reform in 1980s?<br />
<br />
马克思会说,提出这个问题的本身就是错误的。<br />
<br />
Marx would say that it is wrong to ask this question.<br />
<br />
中国的经济体制改革,要靠中国人自己来探索。改革催促着经济理论的发展, 呼唤着经济理论家。<br />
<br />
China's economic system reform depends on the Chinese themselves to explore. Reform urges the development of economic theories and calls for economic theorists.<br />
<br />
终于,《文汇报》上出现了一个醒目的标题:《我们能否贡献一个伟大的经济学家》?文中写道,这个问题对于当代中国“比‘我们能否贡献一个爱因斯坦’或‘能否贡献一个伟大的哲学家和文学家’更为紧迫”。文章又写道:“中国经济体制全面改革的浪潮当是产生伟大经济学家的时代和国度。恰当的时间和地点正呼唤恰当的人。”<br />
<br />
Finally, a striking headline appeared in Wenhui Daily: "Can we contribute a great economist"? The article said that this problem was "more urgent for contemporary China than 'Can we contribute an Einstein' or 'Can we contribute a great philosopher and writer'?" The article added: "The wave of comprehensive reform of China's economic system should be the era and country that produced great economists. The right time and place are calling for the right people."<br />
<br />
“伊索寓言”中有一个说大话的人,吹嘘自己曾经在罗陀斯岛跳得很远。马克思在《路易・波拿巴的五月十八日》一文中引用了这个故事,他说生活本身会大声喊道:(原作名为雾月十八日，而非五月)<br />
<br />
In ''Aesop's Fables'', there was a person blowing his own horn said that he once jumped far on Rhodus Island. Marx quoted this story in the article ''The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte''. He said that life itself would shout:<br />
<br />
这里就是罗陀斯,就在这里跳跃吧！<br />
<br />
Hic Rhodus, hic salta! <br />
<br />
这里就有玫瑰花,就在这里跳舞吧！<br />
<br />
Here is the rose, here dance! <br />
<br />
（原载《人民文学》1986年第7期）<br />
<br />
(Originally published in People's Literature, Issue 7, 1986)</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_02&diff=156008Report CN EN 022023-07-02T15:49:13Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：4.船长 Volume1: 4.Master */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Liao Lujia=<br />
==卷一：4.船长 Volume1: 4.Master==<br />
<br />
Master,直译是船长或主人。那么,对他,贝汉廷,怎样译更确切呢?<br />
<br />
Master is literally translated as 船长 or 主人. However, how can we translate it more accurately for him, Bei Hanting?<br />
<br />
Master is literally translated as 船长 or 主人. However, how can we translate it more accurately for him, Bei Hanting?<br />
<br />
我站在“汉川号”的驾驶台甲板上凭栏远眺,深深地思索着。海风迎面扑来, 新鲜而又湿润。远处,是神秘莫测的大海;近处,海鸥在我的脚下飞翔……<br />
<br />
I stand on the bridge deck of the Hanchuan and look out from the fence, thinking deeply. The sea breeze comes head-on, fresh and moist. In the distance, it is the mysterious sea; nearby, seagulls fly under my feet...<br />
<br />
I stand on the navigation deck of the Hanchuan and look out from the fence, thinking deeply. The sea breeze comes head-on, fresh and moist. In the distance, it is the mysterious sea; nearby, seagulls fly under my feet...<br />
<br />
刚才,在和海员们的谈话中,有什么搅动了我的心,为了掩饰我的泪水,我才离开船舱。但现在,在这蓝天与大海之间,我仍然不能平静,思绪的波涛追逐着海水,去得很远很远……（I change 冈才 with 刚才）<br />
<br />
Just now, in the conversation with the seafarers, something stirred my heart. I leave the cabin in order to hide my tears. But now, between the blue sky and the sea, I still can't calm down. The waves of thoughts chase the sea and go far away…<br />
<br />
Just now, in the conversation with the seafarers, something stirred my heart. I leave the cabin in order to hide my tears. But now, between the blue sky and the sea, I still can't calm down. The waves of thoughts chase the sea and go far away…<br />
<br />
不知怎么,我ー下子离开主题,忽然想起二十多年前我给小读者写的一首诗, 告诉他们什么叫作海员。<br />
<br />
Somehow, I digress from the subject and suddenly remember a poem I wrote to young readers more than 20 years ago, telling them what a seaman was.<br />
<br />
Somehow, I digress from the subject and suddenly remember a poem I wrote to young readers more than 20 years ago, telling them what a seaman was.<br />
<br />
我不禁噙泪而笑了。那时我是那样年轻,在生活的海洋里几乎未经沉浮,我懂得海员吗?那时的小读者今天应该也是三十多岁的人了,他们怕也有自己的孩子了。经历过十多年的狂飙巨浪,他们还像儿时那样天真地向往海洋吗?天真,也许 是消失了,但向往——还应该向往。那么,就让我再给他们讲一个海员的故事吧!（I change 嚙 with 噙）<br />
<br />
I couldn't help laughing with tears. At that time, I was so young and hardly experienced ups and downs in the ocean of life. Did I know seafarers? The young readers at that time should be in their thirties today, and I guess they have had their own children. After experiencing more than ten years of surging waves, do they still yearn for the ocean as naively as they did when they were children? Innocence may have disappeared, but yearning should still exist. Then, let me tell them another story about a seaman!<br />
<br />
I couldn't help laughing with tears. At that time, I was so young and hardly experienced ups and downs in the ocean of life. Did I know seafarers? The young readers at that time should be in their thirties today, and they may have their own children. After experiencing more than ten years of surging waves, do they still yearn for the ocean as naively as they did when they were children? Innocence may have disappeared, but yearning should still exist. Then, let me tell them another story about a seaman!<br />
<br />
讲ー个海员,ー个水手,ー个船长,ー个master的真实的故事吧……<br />
<br />
I will tell a true story of a seaman, a sailor, a captain and a master...<br />
<br />
I will tell a true story of a seaman, a sailor, a captain and a master...<br />
<br />
汉堡港的变奏<br />
<br />
Variations on the Port of Hamburg<br />
<br />
Variations on the Port of Hamburg<br />
<br />
汉堡港是美丽的。岸上,一幢幢红色和黄色的建筑物;港口,碧蓝的海水翻卷着银白的浪花……<br />
<br />
Port of Hamburg was beautiful. On the shore, red and yellow buildings could be seen. In the port, the turquoise sea water rolled over the white waves...<br />
<br />
The Port of Hamburg was beautiful. On the shore, there were red and yellow buildings. In the port, the turquoise sea water rolled over the white waves...<br />
<br />
汉堡港是忙碌的。每天来来往往,穿梭着各国的船舶,码头上吊杆起落……但工人的脚步是稳重的,德国人原是出名的有秩序。ー百多年来,汉堡港早就形成了 自己的节奏ーー有条不紊,按部就班,寓丰富于单纯,多变化而又精密……就像成熟的乐队演奏熟悉的乐曲。<br />
<br />
The Port of Hamburg was busy. In it were ships shuttling from all over the world, and the suspenders on the docks rising and falling... But the workers' footsteps are steady, because the Germans were famous for their order. For more than 100 years, Port of Hamburg has formed its own rhythm in an orderly manner, which was content-rich but simple, varied but precise… Just like a mature band playing familiar music.<br />
<br />
The Port of Hamburg was busy. Ships shuttled from here to other countries, and the suspenders on the docks rose and fell... But the workers' footsteps were steady, because the Germans were famous for their order. For more than 100 years, the Port of Hamburg had formed its own rhythm in an orderly manner, which was content-rich but simple, varied but precise… Just like a mature band playing familiar music.<br />
<br />
但,有一次,汉堡港竟改变了它正常的节奏:港口、码头、装卸公司、服务公司频 繁来往,电话不断;货主、代理、大小工头、理货组长和工人们都激动不已,甚至连正 好停泊在港口、有尊严而又自信的十几个老船长也打破常规,开了一条小艇,集体下海去了。<br />
<br />
However, on one occasion, Port of Hamburg changed its normal rhythm: ports, docks, loading and unloading companies and service companies frequently came and went, and telephone calls continued; shippers, agents, foremen, chief tallymen and workmen were so excited that even a dozen dignified and confident old masters, who happened to moor their ships in the port, broke the routine and sailed a small boat and went to the sea.<br />
<br />
However, on one occasion, the Port of Hamburg changed its normal rhythm: ports, docks, loading and unloading companies and service companies frequently came and went, and the telephone call was ceaseless; shippers, agents, foremen, chief tallymen and workmen were so excited and even a dozen dignified and confident old masters, who happened to moor their ships in the port, broke the routine and sailed a small boat and went to the sea.<br />
<br />
是什么引起了这骚动呢?台风吗?惊涛骇浪吗?都不是。一百多年的港口了,任何风浪都改变不了它的节奏。<br />
<br />
What caused the commotion? Typhoon? The stormy waves? Neither. A port with more than 100-year history was not susceptible to any wind or waves.<br />
<br />
What caused the commotion? Typhoon? Stormy waves? Neither. A port with more than 100-year history was not susceptible to any wind or waves.<br />
<br />
使得汉堡港变奏的,说也奇怪,是一条船,就是中国远洋公司上海分公司的这艘远洋货轮——“汉川号”。<br />
<br />
What made it change, strange to say, was a ship. That was the ocean-going freighter Hanchuan belonging to Shanghai Branch of China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company.<br />
<br />
What made it change, strange to say, was a ship. That was the ocean-going freighter "Hanchuan" belonging to Shanghai Branch of China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company.<br />
<br />
码头上人头攒动,指指点点,“汉川”“汉川”之声不绝。有的人还特地带了老婆孩子来参观,说是让他们见见世面。明媚的阳光,彩色的裙衫,童声稚气的欢笑, 一下子使得汉堡港这支一百多年的古曲,焕发出青春的明丽,奏出了奇异而动人的旋律。<br />
<br />
The dock was jam-packed with people, who were pointing and shouting "Hanchuan" endlessly. Some people even brought their wives and children to see the elephant. Bright sunshine, colorful skirts and childish laughter suddenly made Port of Hamburg, an ancient song for more than 100 years, glow with youthful beauty and play a bizarre and moving melody.<br />
<br />
The dock was jam-packed with people, who were pointing and shouting "Hanchuan" endlessly. Some people even brought their wives and children to see the elephant. Bright sunshine, colorful skirts and childish laughter suddenly made the Port of Hamburg, an ancient song with the history of more than a hundred years, glow with youthful beauty and play a bizarre and moving melody.<br />
<br />
这是1978年4月的一个星期天。<br />
<br />
It was a Sunday in April 1978.<br />
<br />
It was a Sunday in April 1978.<br />
<br />
故事却要从3月说起……<br />
<br />
But the story begins in March...<br />
<br />
But the story began in March...<br />
<br />
3月21日,“汉川号”在驶欧途中接到公司电报,返航时在汉堡港装运天津化纤厂成套设备,国内急用!<br />
<br />
On March 21st, the Hanchuan received a telegram from its company on its way to Europe, and it was asked to ship complete sets of equipment for Tianjin Chemical Fiber Factory in Port of Hamburg when returning home, because it was urgently needed in China!<br />
<br />
On March 21st, the Hanchuan received a telegram from its company on its way to Europe, and it was asked to ship a complete set of equipment for Tianjin Chemical Fiber Factory in the Port of Hamburg when it returned, because the equipment was urgently needed in China!<br />
<br />
但抵港之后,港口却给安排了一些杂货。原来代理认为中国船根本运不了这套设备,因为这套设备极不规则,很多都是超长、超高、超重件,且又贵重,其中任何 ー个部件有任何一点损坏或漏运,都会误工误时,造成严重损失。何况按照惯例, 港口从来都把贵重的成套设备交给他们认为工效最高的德国船运。当然,这些话并未直说,说的是:“这套设备任何一条船也装不下,‘汉川号’尽可以运别的货嘛。”<br />
<br />
But after arriving in the port, they were arranged some groceries. Originally, the agent thought that Chinese ships could not transport this set of equipment at all, because it was extremely irregular, and many of them were super-long, super-high, overweight and expensive. Any damage or missed shipment of any parts would cause serious losses. Besides, by convention, ports always hand over valuable complete sets of equipment to German ships that they think are the most efficient. Of course, agents did not say that directly, but said: "This set of equipment can't be put in any ship. Why doesn’t Hanchuan transport other goods?"<br />
<br />
But after arriving at the port, it was arranged some groceries. It turned out that the agent thought that the Chinese ship could not transport this set of equipment at all, because it was extremely irregular, and many of them were super-long, super-high, overweight and expensive. Any damage or missed shipment of any parts would delay the work and waste time, causing serious losses. Besides, by convention, ports always hand over valuable complete sets of equipment to German ships they think are the most efficient. Of course, the agent did not say that directly, but said: "Any ship is too small to hold this set of equipment. The Hanchuan can transport other goods."<br />
<br />
但是,以贝汉廷为首的“汉川号”还认准了非装这批货不可!理由嘛:一是国内急需;二是成套设备运输费高;三是你外国人能做的,我们中国人就也能做,凭什么小看人！当然,这话也没直说,说的是：“谢谢你们的好意,但是我们可以一船装走。我们行!”<br />
<br />
However, the Hanchuan headed by Bei Hanting held that this batch of goods must be loaded! Reasons are as follows: First, it is urgently needed in China; Second, the transportation cost of complete sets of equipment is high; Third, what you foreigners can do, we Chinese can also do, so why underestimate people! Of course, these words were not spitted out. They were: Thank you for your kindness, but we can load it in one boat. We can do it!"<br />
<br />
However, the Hanchuan headed by Bei Hanting insisted that it must load this batch of goods! Reasons were as follows: First, it is urgently needed in China; Second, the transportation cost of a complete set of equipment is high; Third, what you foreigners can do, we Chinese can also do, so why underestimate us! Of course, these words were not spitted out. They said: "Thank you for your kindness, but we can load it in one ship. We can do it!"<br />
<br />
行不行,这可不像国内搞大批判、揪“走资派”那么容易。只要戴上袖章,抢过话筒,哇里哇啦喊一通,谁帽子大、上纲高,谁就胜利。这可是国际港口,面对的都是专家,ー张嘴就知道你有多少斤两,空话、大话引来的只有讪笑。何况这是航海, 是科学,大海可不是被剥夺了一切权利的“走资派”,大海是要发言的,稍有一点儿 不实事求是,不科学,它就要惩罚你！就会让你船覆货沉,葬身鱼腹。因此,这个“行”字可是一字千金,开不得半点儿玩笑！<br />
<br />
It was not as easy as criticizing others massively and finding capitalist roaders in China. As long as you put on your armband, grab the microphone, shout loudly, have great power and regard the problem as class conflicts, you will win. However, this was an international port, and all of them faced experts. They would know your ability when you said something. Empty talk and big talk only attracted laughter. Besides, this was about navigation and science. The sea was not a capitalist roader deprived of all rights. The sea wanted to speak. If you didn’t think of the real situation and science, it will punish you! It will make your ship sink and the goods fall in the belly of a fish. Therefore, the sentence "We can do it" was full of pearls of wisdom, which couldn’t be a joke!<br />
<br />
It was not as easy as criticizing others massively and uncovering capitalist roaders in China. As long as you put on your armband, grab the microphone, shout loudly, have great power and regard the problems as class conflicts, you will win. However, this was an international port, and what they faced were all experts. They would know your ability when you said something. Empty talk and big talk only attracted laughter. Besides, this was about navigation and science. The sea was not a capitalist roader deprived of all rights. The sea would speak. If you didn’t think of the real situation and science, it would punish you! It would make your ship sink and the goods fall into the belly of fish. Therefore, the sentence "We can do it" was full of pearls of wisdom, and there was no joking about it!<br />
<br />
贝汉廷是有名的老船长了,他坚持说“行”,外国人也不得不掂量掂量,于是ー 伸手说:“拿来！”“什么？”“配载图。”贝汉廷微笑着摊开了图纸。行家搭眼一看就愣住了,不由得脱口说了一个“好”！<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was a famous old master. He insisted on saying "yes", and foreigners had to ponder it, so they reached out and said, "Give me!", "What?" "Cargo plan." Bei Hanting smiled and spread out the drawing. The experts were stunned when they looked at it, and couldn't help blurting out "good"!<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was a famous old master. He insisted on saying "can", and foreigners had to ponder it, so they reached out and said, "Give me!" "What?" "Cargo plan." Bei Hanting spread out the drawing with a smile. The experts were stunned when they looked at it, and couldn't help blurting out "good"!<br />
<br />
这是一幅何等详尽的配载图啊!图上布满了密密麻麻的图形和数字,成千上万个部件,不仅各有各的装载部位,而且件件有尺码,有重量,有体积,件件有标号。<br />
<br />
What a detailed cargo plan this was! The drawing was full of figures and numbers, and thousands of parts. It not only had their own loading parts, but also had sizes, weights, volumes and labels.<br />
<br />
What a detailed cargo plan it was! The drawing was full of figures and numbers. Thousands of parts not only had their own loading positions, but also all had sizes, weights, volumes and labels.<br />
<br />
可怎么有几件甲板货高出了船舱,伸出了船舷?这可是不安全的吧?……<br />
<br />
But how can several deck cargo be higher than the cabin and extend out of the port and starboard? This was not safe, was it?<br />
<br />
But how can several deck cargos be higher than the cabin and extend out of the ship's rail? It was not safe, was it? ...<br />
<br />
谁知贝汉廷笑嘻嘻地说出了到达、离港及航行中最佳、最差稳心的全部计算数据,同时还分析了4月的沿途气候:英吉利海峡怎样,直布罗陀海峡如何;比斯开湾及北大西洋的冬季风暴已过,地中海也如此;印度洋虽长期平均六七级风,但此刻 西南季风盛行的季节还未开始……沿途均属无风暴间隙,正是一年里航海的黄金季节。当然,也可能出现最坏情况,那就是印度洋阿拉伯海南部东经60度以东提前开始西南季风,可能出现八九级大风,那也没关系,我们可以采取改变航向、变更 航速、减轻正面迎风及开慢车等ー系列技术措施嘛!<br />
<br />
It was surprised that Bei Hanting smiled and said all the calculation data of the best and worst metacenter in arrival, departure and navigation, and also analyzed the climate along the way in April: what is the English Channel and the Strait of Gibraltar; Winter storms have passed in the Bay of Biscay and the North Atlantic, as have the Mediterranean; Although the Indian Ocean has a long-term average of strong breeze and near gale, the season when the southwest monsoon prevails has not yet started... There is no storm gap along the way, which is the golden season of sailing in a year. Of course, the worst case may occur, that is, the southwest monsoon starts ahead of schedule to the east of 60 degrees east longitude in the southern Arabian Sea of the Indian Ocean, and there may be fresh gale or strong gale. It doesn't matter. We can take a series of technical measures such as changing course and speed, reducing frontal windward and sailing slowly!<br />
<br />
It was surprised that Bei Hanting smiled and said all the calculation data of the best and worst metacenter in arrival, departure and navigation, and also analyzed the climate along the route in April: how is the English Channel and the Strait of Gibraltar; Winter storms have passed in the Bay of Biscay and the North Atlantic, as has the Mediterranean; Although the Indian Ocean has a long-term average of strong breeze or near gale, the season when the southwest monsoon prevails has not yet started... There is no storm gap along the route, which is the golden season of sailing in a year. Of course, the worst case may occur, that was, the southwest monsoon starts ahead of schedule to the east of 60 degrees east longitude in the southern Arabian Sea of the Indian Ocean, and there may be fresh gale or strong gale. It doesn't matter. We can take a series of technical measures such as changing course and speed, reducing frontal windward and sailing slowly!<br />
<br />
好一个贝汉廷!这哪里是什么配载图及其注释,简直是一份科学报告!德国 人不由得伸出手拍着贝汉廷的肩说:“祝贺你有个好大副。”贝汉廷彬彬有礼地躬 了一下身说:“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
What a knowledgeable man! This was not a cargo plan and its annotations, but a scientific report! The German couldn't help reaching out and patting Bei Hanting on the shoulder and saying, "Congratulations on having a good chief officer." Bei Hanting bowed politely and said, "Thank you."<br />
<br />
What a knowledgeable man! This was not a cargo plan and its annotations, but a scientific report! The German couldn't help reaching out and patting Bei Hanting on the shoulder and saying, "Congratulations on having a good chief officer." Bei Hanting bowed politely and said, "Thank you."<br />
<br />
德国人哪里想得到,这张配载图早已超出了大副的业务范围,它是船长、政委、大副和所有技术力量27个不眠之夜的结晶。是他们,利用卸货期每天拿着尺子跑 码头,将货物一件件量了过来,并根据船舱甲板所有部位的不同形状、结构及负荷, 经过反复的核算和排列,求出了这种最合理的配载方案。<br />
<br />
The Germans can’t figure out that this cargo plan has long been beyond the business scope of the chief officer. It is the fruit of 27 sleepless nights of master, the secretary of the commissar, chief officer and all technical forces. It was they who ran to the dock with a ruler every day during the unloading period, measured the goods one by one, and worked out the most reasonable stowage scheme after repeated accounting and arrangement according to the different shapes, structures and loads of all parts of the cabin deck.<br />
<br />
The Germans couldn't figure out that this cargo plan had long been beyond the business scope of the chief officer. It was the fruit of 27 sleepless nights of the master, the secretary of the commissar, the chief officer and all technical forces. It was they who ran to the dock with a ruler every day during the unloading period, measured the goods one by one, and worked out the most reasonable stowage scheme after they repeated accounting and arrangement according to the different shapes, structures and loads of all parts of the cabin deck.<br />
<br />
那些日子里,全船像要参加国际棋赛ー样,把货舱、甲板的布置图纸（1：100）贴在木板上,把货物按比例缩小做成硬纸模型,反复组合,这盘特殊的“棋”足足对弈了几百次…… <br />
<br />
In those days, workers in the whole ship seemed to participate in the international chess game. They pasted the layout drawings of the cargo hold and deck (1: 100) on the wooden board, and the cargo was scaled down to make a cardboard model, which was repeatedly combined. This special chess was played hundreds of times...<br />
<br />
In those days, workers on the whole ship seemed to participate in the international chess game. They pasted the layout drawings of the hold and deck (1: 100) on the wooden board, and the cargos were scaled down to a cardboard model, which was repeatedly combined. This special chess was played hundreds of times...<br />
<br />
代理不知道,但他被科学说服了,于是开始装货。<br />
<br />
The agent didn't know, but he was persuaded by science, so he started loading up.<br />
<br />
The agent didn't know it, but he was persuaded by the science, so he started loading up.<br />
<br />
一号工头吉亚特是个有几十年工龄的行家里手,两撇小胡子,矮小而精明,极有本事又看不起中国人。“汉川号”的大副根本指挥不动他。<br />
<br />
Gyatt, a lead foreman, was an expert with decades of length of service. He was short and shrewd, with a moustache on his face, and despised Chinese people. The chief officer of Hanchuan couldn't command him at all.<br />
<br />
Gyatt, a lead foreman, was an expert with decades of length of service. He was short and shrewd, with a moustache on his face, and was very capable but despised Chinese people. The chief officer of "Hanchuan" couldn't command him at all.<br />
<br />
在装第三舱时,吉亚特自作主张将其中两个大件不按配载图装。贝汉廷接到 报告后匆匆赶到现场与他理论时,エ头满不在乎地拍着胸脯说:“我有把握!”<br />
<br />
When loading the third cabin, Gyatt took the initiative to load two large pieces without following the cargo plan. When Bei Hanting hurried to the scene to argue with him after receiving the report, he patted his chest carelessly and said, "I am sure!"<br />
<br />
When loading the third cabin, Gyatt took the initiative to load two large pieces without following the cargo plan. When Bei Hanting hurried to the scene to argue with him after receiving the report, the foreman patted his chest carelessly and said, "I am sure!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷再三劝阻他:“这样你会被动的。”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting repeatedly dissuaded him: "Then you will be in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting repeatedly dissuaded him: "Then you will be in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
吉亚特翘着小胡子说:“我从来没有被动过。”<br />
<br />
Gyatt said with his moustache cocking, "I have never been in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
Gyatt said with his moustache cocking, "I have never been in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
“如果最后装不下,由你重装,误エ误期一切损失由你负责。”<br />
<br />
"If it can't be installed in the end, you will reload them, and you will be responsible for all the losses caused by the delay."<br />
<br />
"If it can't be put in the ship in the end, you will reload them, and you will be responsible for all the losses caused by the delay."<br />
<br />
“那是自然。”吉亚特说。<br />
<br />
"Of course." Gyatt said.<br />
<br />
"Of course." Gyatt said.<br />
<br />
一天过去了,两天过去了,第三天吉亚特满头大汗地来找贝汉廷:果然,ー个 16米的大件放不下去了,硬放下去也关不上舱盖,而不关舱盖是不能启航的,何况舱盖上早已计划好了配载别的货物呢！贝汉廷早已有话在先,这一下,骄傲的工头可卡了壳啦!支部动员了全船的技术力量,重新修正部分配载,在中德两国工人的 共同努力下,最后把一个大件的包装木箱锯掉了一个角,用四个铲车斜着铲了进去,稳稳当当地盖上了舱盖。在场的工人都拍手称好,大叫“精彩”。小胡子吉亚特摊开双手,耸了耸肩说：“太奇妙了 !这些货简直是按你们船舱的尺码定做的!”从此他客气得不得了,工人装货尺寸稍有出入,他立即纠正说：“不,不,请按配载图!”<br />
<br />
One day passed. Two days passed. And on the third day, Gyatt, sweating profusely, came to Bei Hanting. Without doubt, a 16-meter-long piece could not be put down, and the hatch cover could not be closed if it was put down forcefully, and it was impossible to set sail without closing the hatch cover, not to mention that other goods had already been planned on the hatch cover! Bei Hanting had already said something first, so the proud foreman was in a dilemma! The branch mobilized the technical force of the whole ship and revised part of the stowage. With the joint efforts of Chinese and German workers, it finally sawed off a corner of a large packing wooden box, shoveled it in obliquely with four forklifts, and covered the hatch cover firmly. All the workers on the scene clapped their hands and shouted "wonderful". Moustache Gyatt spread out his hands, shrugged his shoulders and said, "It's fantastic! These goods are simply customized according to the size of your cabin!" From then on, he was extremely polite, and when the loading conducted by workers was different, he immediately corrected and said, "No, no, please load according to the cargo plan!"<br />
<br />
One day passed, two days passed, and on the third day, Gyatt, sweating profusely, came to Bei Hanting. Without doubt, a 16-meter-long piece could not be put down, and the hatch cover could not be closed if it was put down forcefully, and it was impossible to set sail without closing the hatch cover, not to mention that other goods had already been planned on the hatch cover! Bei Hanting had already said something first, so the proud foreman was in a dilemma! The branch mobilized the technical force of the whole ship and revised parts of the stowage. With the joint efforts of Chinese and German workers, a corner of a large packing wooden box was finally sawed off, shoveled in obliquely with four forklifts, and the hatch cover was firmly covered. All the workers on the scene clapped their hands and shouted "wonderful". Moustache Gyatt spread out his hands, shrugged his shoulders and said, "It's fantastic! These goods are simply customized according to the size of your cabin!" From then on, he was extremely polite, and when the loading conducted by workers was different, he immediately corrected and said, "No, no, please load according to the cargo plan!"<br />
<br />
货装妥了。代理等人纷纷上船祝贺,一致说：“像这样的货,我们德国有经验的 老水手也绑不好,何况贵船海员多是新手。这么娇贵的货,弄坏一件可不得了哇!这船货,你们公司发财了,光运费就200多万外汇。花几个绑扎费也值得。”<br />
<br />
After the goods had been loaded, agents and others boarded the ship to congratulate one after another, and unanimously said, "We experienced old sailors in Germany can't tie goods like this, not to mention that most sailors on your ship are novices. It's terrible to break one of such delicate goods! With this cargo, your company has made a fortune, and the freight alone is more than 2 million foreign exchanges. It is worthwhile to spend more binding fees."<br />
<br />
After the goods had been loaded, agents and others boarded the ship to congratulate one after another, and unanimously said, "Our experienced old sailors in Germany can't tie goods like this, not to mention that most sailors on your ship are novices. It's terrible to break one of such delicate goods! With this cargo, your company has made a fortune, and the freight alone is more than 2 million foreign exchanges. It is worthwhile to spend the binding fees."<br />
<br />
但是,“汉川号”仍然决定自己来绑扎:一是自己绑的货心中有数,便于途中检查;二是我国远洋事业在飞速发展,正好借此锤炼海员;三呢,绑扎费用要好几万马克,船员们舍不得。于是ー场绑扎大战开始了。<br />
<br />
However, workers in the Hanchuan still decided to bind themselves. First, the goods tied by themselves are familiar for them, which is convenient for inspection on the way; Second, China's ocean-going industry is developing rapidly, so it’s a good chance for seafarers; Third, the binding fees is tens of thousands DM, and the crew are short of cash. So a binding war began.<br />
<br />
However, workers in the "Hanchuan" still decided to bind themselves. First, the goods tied by themselves are familiar for them, which is convenient for inspection on the way; Second, China's ocean-going industry is developing rapidly, so it’s a good chance for seafarers; Third, the binding fees is tens of thousands DM, and the crew are short of cash. So a binding war began.<br />
<br />
有的同志背拉着50多米的钢丝绳爬上了6米高的圆锅炉;有的钻到货物下面仰身安装克莱姆;有的在装得满满的、侧身难行的货物间来回运送绑扎材料;有的用墨线一一记下货物位置,以便在风浪中随时检查有无移位……手勒肿了,不哼一声;人累瘦了,不肯休息;年轻的小泮磕掉了门牙也在所不惜。这一切的一切,都是为了在“四化”的储蓄罐里投下一枚枚外汇!<br />
<br />
Some workers climbed the 6-meter-high round boiler with more than 50 meters of wire rope on their backs; Some squeezed through the goods and installed Clem by laying upon their backs; Some transported binding materials back and forth between full goods that were difficult for people to walk sideways; Some used ink lines to write down the position of the goods so as to check whether there was displacement at any time in the wind and waves... Although their hands were swollen, they didn’t complain ; Although they lost weight because of tiredness, they refused to rest. Young Pan knocked out his front teeth for binding regardless of the cost. All this was to cast foreign exchanges in the piggy bank of the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
Some workers climbed the 6-meter-high round boiler with more than 50 meters of wire rope on their backs; Some squeezed through the goods and installed Clem by laying upon their backs; Some transported binding materials back and forth between full goods that were difficult for people to walk sideways; Some used ink lines to write down the position of the goods so as to check whether there was displacement at any time in the wind and waves... Although their hands were swollen, they didn’t complain; Although they lost weight because of tiredness, they refused to rest. Young Pan knocked out his front teeth for binding regardless of the cost. All of these were to cast foreign exchanges in the piggy bank of the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
绑扎前验货师曾再三威胁说:绑扎不合格绝不发证书。第一天,贝船长陪他检验一遭,共同找出了几处毛病,他摇了摇头,大不以为然。但是,从第二天起,他就再也找不出毛病了。第三天,他竟然未等绑扎完毕就开来了检货证明,并且声称他已不必再到船上来了,因为贝船长的要求比他更严格。他说:“这样的绑法在海上 船摇三四十度也不会出问题,我相信我的眼睛。”<br />
<br />
Before binding, the inspector repeatedly stressed that the certificate would never be issued if the binding was unqualified. On the first day, Master Bei accompanied him to inspect and found out several problems together. He shook his head and disagreed. However, from the next day, he couldn't find anything wrong. On the third day, he sent the inspection certificate before the binding was finished, and claimed that he didn't have to come to the ship again because Captain Bai was more strict. He said: "This binding method will not cause problems even when the ship tilts 30 or 40 degrees at sea. I believe my eyes."<br />
<br />
Before binding, the cargo surveyor repeatedly stressed that the certificate would never be issued if the binding was unqualified. On the first day, Master Bei accompanied him to inspect and found out several problems together. He shook his head and disagreed. However, the next day, he couldn't find anything wrong. On the third day, he sent the inspection certificate before the binding was finished, and claimed that he didn't have to come to the ship again because Captain Bai was more strict. He said: "This binding method will not cause problems even when the ship tilts 30 or 40 degrees on the sea. I believe my eyes."<br />
<br />
“汉川号”就是这样引起了汉堡港的变奏,为我国的海员,为我们的祖国争得了荣誉。<br />
<br />
This is how the Hanchuan caused the variation of the Port of Hamburg, and won honor for our seafarers and our motherland.<br />
<br />
This was how the "Hanchuan" caused the variations of the Port of Hamburg, and won the honor for our seafarers and our motherland.<br />
<br />
于是就来到了 4月的那个明媚的星期天。在妇女和孩子的欢呼声中,那个交通小艇坐得满满的,绕着“汉川号”转,为的是让行家的眼睛记下“汉川号”甲板配 载的各个角度。他们不断地发出赞叹之声,好像着迷的观众围在舞台四周对心爱的艺术家喝彩一样。<br />
<br />
So it came to the bright Sunday in April. Amid the cheers of women and children, the traffic boat was full and turned around the Hanchuan, so that the experts could remember the various angles of the deck stowage of the Hanchuan. They kept making sounds of admiration, as if fascinated audience gathered around the stage to cheer for their beloved artists.<br />
<br />
So it came to the bright Sunday in April. Amid the cheers of women and children, the traffic boat was full and turned around the Hanchuan, so that the experts could remember the various angles of the deck stowage of the Hanchuan. They kept making sounds of admiration, as if fascinated audience gathered around the stage to cheer for their beloved artists.<br />
<br />
而引起如此轰动的“汉川号”船长贝汉廷不但没有频频谢幕,反而连面也没露,他满头大汗地躲在船舱里和政委、大副们ー起商量怎样婉谢一定要上船拍照的报社和电视台的记者。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, the master of the Hanchuan, who caused such a sensation, not only did not show his gratitude frequently, but did not even appear. He hid in the cabin sweating profusely and discussed with the secretary of the commissars and chief officer how to decline the reporters of newspapers and TV stations who must take pictures on board.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, the master of the "Hanchuan", who caused such a sensation, not only did not show his gratitude frequently, but did not even appear. He hid in the cabin sweating profusely and discussed with the secretary of the commissars and chief officers how to decline the reporters of newspapers and TV stations who must take pictures on board.<br />
<br />
“今天想起来,是多么愚蠢啊!拒绝人家给我们免费宣传。”贝汉廷笑着对我说可那会儿,思想就是没解放嘛!当然,后来在我们离港时,他们还是从雷达站上进行了拍照,而且登在报上说:‘这是汉堡港ー百多年没有过的……’”<br />
<br />
"How stupid it is to think of it today! Refuse them to promote us for free." Bei Hanting said to me with a smile, “but at that time, we don’t emancipate the mind! When we left the port later, however, they took photos from the radar station and published them in the newspaper, saying, ‘This is not seen in the Port of Hamburg for more than 100 years...' "<br />
<br />
"How stupid it was to think of it today! Refused them to promote us for free." Bei Hanting said to me with a smile, “but at that time, we didn’t emancipate the mind! When we left the port later, they still took photos from the radar station and published them in the newspaper, saying, ‘This is not seen in the Port of Hamburg for more than 100 years...' "<br />
<br />
他挥挥手,不肯说那些赞美之词,怎么也不肯。<br />
<br />
He waved his hand and refused to say those compliments, not at all.<br />
<br />
He waved his hand and refused to say those compliments, not at all.<br />
<br />
从南市来的孩子<br />
<br />
Children from Nanshi District<br />
<br />
Children from Nanshi District<br />
<br />
人们说:搞远洋航行的人,应该像大海一样渊博,应该既是航海家,又是科学家,还是艺术家……<br />
<br />
People say that those who sail in the ocean should be as knowledgeable as the sea, and should be navigators, scientists and artists...<br />
<br />
People say that those who sail in the ocean should be as knowledgeable as the sea, and should be navigators, scientists and artists...<br />
<br />
在没有见到贝汉廷时,我曾猜测过他的相貌。见了面之后,我觉得他——也像,也不像。像,他确实有点科学家的味道,讲起话来有根有据,像计算机一样精确,又像水银一样灵敏。不像嘛,那么小小的个子,穿着一件破衬衫、一条短裤（据说要一直穿到下雪）,待人彬彬有礼,哪里像个威严的船长呢!<br />
<br />
Before I saw Bei Hanting, I guessed his appearance. After meeting him, I think he is like a scientist, and is not like a scientist. For the former one, he does have the temperament of a scientist. His words hold water and are as accurate as a computer and as sensitive as mercury. For the latter one, he is such a small man, wearing a broken shirt and shorts (which are said to be worn until it snows), and is polite to others, which has no relationship with a master living in dignity!<br />
<br />
Before I saw Bei Hanting, I guessed his appearance. After meeting him, I think he is like a scientist, and is not like a scientist. For the former one, he does have the temperament of the scientist. His words hold water and are as accurate as a computer and as sensitive as mercury. For the latter one, he is such a small man, wearing a broken shirt and shorts (which are said to be worn until it snows), and is polite to others, which has no relationship with a master living in dignity!<br />
<br />
我知道他受过很好的教育,是老交通大学航海系的学生,是我们最早的几艘远洋轮的船长之一,有很丰富的航海知识,能说很流利的英语,但他是怎样,又是为什么走向大海的呢?<br />
<br />
I know that he is highly educated, and a student of the navigation department of the old Shanghai Jiao Tong University, as he is one of the captains of our earliest ocean-going ships. He has rich navigation knowledge and can speak fluent English. But how and why did he go to the sea?<br />
<br />
I know that he is highly educated, a student of the navigation department of the old Shanghai Jiao Tong University, as he was one of the captains of our earliest ocean-going ships. He has rich navigation knowledge and can speak fluent English. But how and why did he go to the sea?<br />
<br />
“我生在上海,从小在南市长大。南市,晓得吗?”<br />
<br />
"I was born in Shanghai and grew up in Nanshi. Do you know it?"<br />
<br />
"I was born in Shanghai and grew up in Nanshi. Do you know Nanshi?"<br />
<br />
南市吗?晓得的。那是共和国成立前上海比较贫困的商业区。小商小贩很多,文化比较落后……随着他的叙述,我想起了那里泥泞的街道,狭窄的店铺,流里流气的白相人,还有衣衫褴褛、面有菜色的黄包车夫和苦力……<br />
<br />
Nanshi? I know. It was a poor business district in Shanghai before the founding of the People’s Republic of China. There were many small business hawkers, and the culture was relatively backward... With his narration, I think of muddy streets, narrow shops, frivolous white people, peaky rickshaw drivers and coolies with rags...<br />
<br />
Nanshi? I know. It was a poor business district in Shanghai before the founding of the People’s Republic of China. There were many small business hawkers, and the culture was relatively backward... With his narration, I think of muddy streets, narrow shops, frivolous white people, peaky rickshaw drivers and coolies with rags...<br />
<br />
“我最小,哥哥姐姐都只上过ー两年小学。后来哥哥做工了,他拼命要让我上学,为这,母亲十分不愿意呢!小学毕业了,在南市就不得了啦,还要上中学!亲戚 朋友都没听说过。可是哥哥坚持,他后来在一个研究院工作,看见过科学家,他认定了科学和文化会给人光明。他一定要让我考中学,而且必须考有名的上海中学。”于是这个从南市来的瘦小而机灵的孩子就这样跨进了中学的大门。上海中学当时是大名鼎鼎的,来上学的多是书香门第和名流的子女。这些孩子学习基础好, 文化素养高。小贝汉廷是多么惊奇地看着有的同学大笔一挥就写出那样优美的作文,老师拿来就在全班朗读。他又是那样羡慕那些数学动不动就拿120分、年年考第一的同学。但是他,贝汉廷,惊奇而不泄气,羡慕而不妒忌。因为哥哥告诉他:身边老有需要追赶的人,就好像道路上老有遥远的路标。它永远召唤你,提醒你——人,是有潜力的,有使你自己都惊奇的潜力呢！于是,小贝汉廷ー步步地追赶着,后来简直是奔跑起来了。<br />
<br />
"I am the youngest, and my brother and sister have only attended primary school for one or two years. Later, my brother find a job, and he tried his best to let me go to school. For this, my mother was very reluctant! The graduation from a primary school is a big deal in Nanshi, and I will go to middle school! No relatives or friends have heard of it. But my brother insist that, because he later work in a research institute and saw scientists. He believe that science and culture would give people a bright future. He must let me take an examination of middle school, and the examination of famous middle schools in Shanghai." So this thin and clever child from Nanshi stepped into the gate of middle school. Shanghai Middle School was famous at that time, and most of the students who came to it were children of scholarly families and celebrities. These children have a good learning foundation and high cultural accomplishment. Little Bei Hanting was surprised to see some students write such beautiful compositions, and the teacher took them to read aloud in the whole class. He really admired those students who easily got 120 points in mathematics and got the first place in the exam every year. But he, Bei Hanting, was surprised but not discouraged, envious but not jealous. Because his brother told him: There are always people around who need to catch up, just like there are always distant road signs on the road. They will always call you and remind you that people have potential, and the potential will even surprise yourself! So he chased them step by step, and then he ran to catch up with them.<br />
<br />
"I am the youngest, and my brother and sister have only attended primary school for one or two years. Later, my brother found a job, and he tried his best to let me go to school. For this, my mother was very reluctant! The graduation from a primary school is a big deal in Nanshi, and I would go to middle school! No relatives or friends had heard of it. But my brother insisted that, because he later worked in a research institute and had saw scientists before. He believed that science and culture would give people a bright future. He must let me take an examination of middle school, and must take the examination of the famous middle schools in Shanghai." So this thin and clever child from Nanshi stepped into the gate of middle school. Shanghai Middle School was famous at that time, and most of the students who came to it were children of scholarly families and celebrities. These children had a good learning foundation and high cultural accomplishment. Little Bei Hanting was surprised to see some students write such beautiful compositions, and the teacher took them to read aloud to the whole class. He really admired those students who easily got 120 points in mathematics and got the first place in the exam every year. But he, Bei Hanting, was surprised but not discouraged, envious but not jealous. Because his brother told him: There are always people around who need to catch up, just like there are always distant road signs on the road. They will always call you and remind you that people have potential, and the potential will even surprise yourself! So he chased them step by step, and then he ran to catch up with them.<br />
<br />
到了高中,学校分理、工、商科了。妈妈多么希望自己的小儿子能去学商啊！上海中学的商科,各大写字间都抢着要呢。ー个从南市来的孩子能坐进任何一个写字间都是难以想象的幸福啊!因为那就意味着温饱解决了。<br />
<br />
In high school, there were science, engineering and business. How a mother wished her little son could study business! Students learning business in Shanghai Middle School were needed in many office buildings. It was unimaginable happiness for a child from Nanshi to sit in any office building! Because that meant he was free from the worries of food and clothing.<br />
<br />
In high school, there were science, engineering and business. His mother really wished the little son could study business! Students learning business in Shanghai Middle School were very needed in many office buildings. It was unimaginable happiness for a child from Nanshi to sit in any office building! Because that meant he was free from the worries of food and clothing.<br />
<br />
但小贝汉廷又一次违背了母亲的意愿,毅然地选择了理科。因为奔跑得越快, 视野就越开阔,知识给人以信心和力量。为什么飞机会飞、火车会跑?为什么瓦特要追求蒸汽机,哥伦布要寻找新大陆?为什么李斯特的《革命挽歌》那样悲怆,契诃夫的《海鸥》忧郁得那样令人窒息,而高尔基的《母亲》却又那样的有力?原来世界上除了老板和学徒、掠夺者和奴才之外还有一种人,这种人不断地追求光明,使人类摆脱愚昧,为生活插上彩色的翅膀,给历史创造奇迹……<br />
<br />
But Little Bei Hanting once again went against his mother's wishes and resolutely chose science. Because the faster you run, the wider your vision is, and knowledge gives people confidence and strength. Why do planes fly and trains run? Why did Watt pursue the steam engine and Columbus seek the New World? Why is Liszt's Revolutionary Elegy so sad, Chekhov's The Seagull so suffocating, and Gorky's Mother so powerful? It turns out that in addition to bosses and apprentices, predators and slaves, there is another kind of person in the world, who constantly pursues light, makes human beings get rid of ignorance, inserts colorful wings for life, and creates miracles for history...<br />
<br />
But Little Bei Hanting once again went against his mother's wishes and resolutely chose science. Because the faster you run, the wider your vision is, and knowledge gives people confidence and strength. Why can planes fly and trains run? Why did Watt pursue the steam engine and Columbus seek the New World? Why is Liszt's ''Revolutionary Elegy'' so sad, Chekhov's ''The Seagull'' so suffocating, and Gorky's ''Mother'' so powerful? It turns out that in addition to bosses and apprentices, predators and slaves, there is another kind of person in the world, who constantly pursues light, makes human beings get rid of ignorance, inserts colorful wings for life, and creates miracles for history...<br />
<br />
世界因有这样的人而更加美好,人类因有这样的创造性劳动者而拉开了和低级动物的距离。小贝汉廷是多么希望也成为这样的人啊!既然生活还有另ー个 界,他就要顽强地向那里迈步,拼了命也要飞跃到那里……<br />
<br />
The world is better because of such people, and there are differences between human beings and animals because of such creative workers. How little Bei Hanting wished to be such a person! Since there is another realm in life, he will go there tenaciously and run to there at any cost...<br />
<br />
The world is better because of such people, and there are differences between human beings and animals because of such creative workers. How little Bei Hanting wished to be such a person! Since there was another realm in life, he would go there tenaciously and run to there at any cost...<br />
<br />
是的,生活和感情都是有不同的境界的,而攀登的每ー步都要付出汗水、心血和力气。小贝汉廷那时是多么恨他的英文老师啊,每星期要背ー课（不是读,而是背）,那么一年就要背52课,真是头也背晕了。可是一年、两年、三年过去,等他能直接阅读莎士比亚和惠特曼时,生活在他面前又展示了一个多么瑰丽的天地……<br />
<br />
Yes, life and feelings have different realms, and every step of going forward requires sweat, painstaking efforts and strength. How much Little Bei Hanting hated his English teacher at that time. He had to recite a lesson every week (not reading, but reciting), so he had to recite 52 lessons a year, which was really dizzy. But after one year, two years and three years, life showed him what a magnificent world when he can read Shakespeare and Whitman directly...<br />
<br />
Yes, life and feelings have different realms, and every step of going forward requires sweat, painstaking efforts and strength. How much Little Bei Hanting hated his English teacher at that time. He had to recite a lesson every week (not reading, but reciting), so he had to recite 52 lessons a year, which was really dizzy. But after one year, two years and three years, life showed him a world so magnificent when he could read Shakespeare and Whitman directly...<br />
<br />
而到了现在,当他能用流利的英语、法语在各个港口向外国友人表达中国人民 的情意,同德国人谈歌德、贝多芬、舒曼,同俄国人谈契诃夫、托尔斯泰、柴可夫斯基,同英国人谈拜伦、莎士比亚,同意大利人谈帕格尼尼……看着那些外国人的脸由淡漠变得凝重,由凝重转成钦佩,这个从南市来的孩子是多么高兴、多么满意。这时他是多么感激他的老师,又多么怀念那些顽强攀登的艰辛岁月啊!<br />
<br />
And now, when he can express the feelings of Chinese people to foreign friends in various ports in fluent English and French, talk to Germans about Goethe, Beethoven and Schumann, Russians about Chekhov, Tolstoy and Tchaikovsky, British about Byron and Shakespeare, Italians about Paganini... How happy and satisfied this child from Nanshi is to watch those foreigners' faces change from indifference to dignified and to admiration. At this time, how grateful he was to his teachers and how he missed those hard times of going forward tenaciously!<br />
<br />
And now, when he can express the feelings of Chinese people to foreign friends in various ports in fluent English and French, talk to Germans about Goethe, Beethoven and Schumann, Russians about Chekhov, Tolstoy and Tchaikovsky, British about Byron and Shakespeare, Italians about Paganini... How happy and satisfied this child from Nanshi was to watch those foreigners' faces change from indifference to dignified and to admiration. At this time, how grateful he was to his teachers and how he missed those hard times of going forward tenaciously!<br />
<br />
吐血的水手<br />
<br />
A Sailor Vomiting Blood<br />
<br />
A Sailor Vomiting Blood<br />
<br />
俄国一代名将苏沃洛夫有一句名言:“不想当将军的士兵不是好士兵。”我们的船长贝汉廷有一句与他互为表里的大实话:“没有了水手的船长就不是船长。”<br />
<br />
Suvorov, a famous Russian Generalissimo, had a famous saying: "A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier." Our captain Bei Hanting had a similar sentence: "A captain who doesn’t have sailors is not a captain."<br />
<br />
Suvorov, a famous Russian Generalissimo, had a famous saying: "A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier." Our captain Bei Hanting had a similar sentence: "A captain who doesn’t have sailors is not a captain."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷是尊重水手、懂得水手的。他也是从一个水手开始他的海上生活的。当他在东北那艘小泵泵船上实习时,他不但领略了东北零下四十摄氏度那凛冽的严寒,也深切感受到伟大祖国那彻骨的贫寒……<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting respected and understood sailors. He also started his life at sea as a sailor. When he was an intern on a small “pump boat” in Northeast China, he not only experienced the cold of minus 40 degrees Celsius in Northeast China, but also deeply felt the poverty of the great motherland...<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting respected and understood sailors. He also started his life at sea as a sailor. When he was an intern on a small "pump boat" in Northeast China, he not only experienced the cold of minus 40 degrees Celsius in Northeast China, but also deeply felt the poverty of the great motherland...<br />
<br />
上海临近解放,这一百多个航海系的学生迅速分化了:有钱有势的去了美国等地。大部分穷学生在隆隆的炮声中最关心的一件事就是跑到外滩,看看可还有船, 如果没有了船,他们可怎么办啊!<br />
<br />
When liberation in Shanghai was around the corner, more than 100 students in the navigation department were rapidly divided: rich and powerful one have gone to the United States and other places. The biggest concern for most of the poor students in the rumbling sound of guns was to run to the Bund and see if there was a boat. If there was no boat, what can they do!<br />
<br />
When the liberation in Shanghai was around the corner, more than 100 students in the navigation department were rapidly divided: rich and powerful ones had gone to the United States and other places. The biggest concern for most of the poor students in the rumbling sound of guns was to run to the Bund and see if there was a boat. If there was no boat, what could they do!<br />
<br />
而外滩,那熟悉的、桅杆林立的外滩,果真是一片寂静。滔滔的流水映着空空的蓝天,国民党把所有的船都迫驶去运送“撤退”人员和物资,把不能行驶的船都炸沉了。<br />
<br />
And the Bund, the familiar Bund with many ships, was really silent. The surging water reflects the blue sky. Kuomintang forced all the ships to transport "evacuated" personnel and materials, and sank all the ships that could not sail.<br />
<br />
And the Bund, the familiar Bund with many ships, was really silent. The surging water reflected the blue sky. Kuomintang forced all the ships to transport "evacuated" personnel and materials, and sank all the ships that could not sail.<br />
<br />
什么都没有留下啊,留下的只是毁灭性的灾难……<br />
<br />
Nothing was left behind, only a devastating disaster...<br />
<br />
Nothing was left behind, only a devastating disaster...<br />
<br />
有的同学改了行,而贝汉廷上了东北这艘小泵泵船。<br />
<br />
Some students changed their careers, but Bei Hanting got on this small “pump boat” in Northeast China.<br />
<br />
Some students changed their careers, but Bei Hanting got on this small "pump boat" in Northeast China.<br />
<br />
为什么叫泵泵船呢?因为一共不到一百吨,蒸汽机整天泵泵、泵泵地响着,一条小船上只有六个人,还是条漏水的船。每天吃的是咸菜、高粱米,却要日夜轮班用水泵把漏进来的水从船上抽出去。海上的风浪是颠簸的,贝汉廷先是吐食物,后是吐白沫,继而吐苦胆水,最后吐血,但他一边和同志们面对面地、一下一下啪嗒、 啪嗒地压着水泵,一边吐了吃、吃了吐地延续着自己的生命,并把生命交给船……<br />
<br />
Why was it called a pump boat? Because it was less than 100 tons in total, the steam engine sounded all day like a pump. There were only six people in a small boat, which was still leaking. They ate pickles and sorghum rice every day, but they had to pump the leaked water from the boat in shifts day and night. The boat flipped because of terrible wind and waves. Bei Hanting first spitted food, then foams at the mouth, then bile, and finally vomited blood. However, he and his partners pumped water out of the boat again and again, while vomiting, eating and spitting to extend their life, and giving it to the boat...<br />
<br />
Why was it called a pump boat? Because it weighed less than 100 tons in total, and the steam engine sounded all day like a pump. There were only six people in a small boat, which was still leaking. They ate pickles and sorghum rice every day, but they had to pump the leaked water from the boat in shifts day and night. The boat flipped because of terrible wind and waves. Bei Hanting first spitted food, then foams at the mouth, then bile, and finally vomited blood. However, he and his partners pumped water out of the boat again and again, while vomiting, eating and spitting to extend their life, and giving it to the boat...<br />
<br />
“是日本人吧?”<br />
<br />
"You are a Japanese, right?"<br />
<br />
"You are a Japanese, Right?"<br />
<br />
大地回春,乍暖还寒。新中国大规模的建设开始了。贝汉廷开始到一艘大船上当实习二副了。船长是个老派的船长,十分严格,每天板着面孔,不苟言笑,穿一身笔挺的制服,右手捏着一副雪白的手套。无论多么大的风雪,见习生也只许站在驾驶台外巡视海面,不许拿望远镜,又不许漏掉一个目标,否则就骂得你狗血喷头。姿势嘛!必须按照条例,手绝对不许插在兜里。零下二十摄氏度也不许吗？是的,不许!零下三十摄氏度呢？也不许!<br />
<br />
Spring returned with temperatures fluctuating between warm and cold. The large-scale construction of the People’s Republic of China began. Bei Hanting began to work as an intern Senior Officer on a big ship. The captain is old-school, strict, and discreet with a straight face every day. He was immaculately dressed with a pair of white gloves in his right hand. No matter how heavy the wind and snow were, trainees were only allowed to stand outside the bridge and patrol the sea. They were not allowed to take binoculars, and miss any targets, otherwise the captain would scold you. As for posture, you must never put your hands in your pockets, according to the regulations. Was it not allowed to do this below minus 20 degrees Celsius? Yes! What about minus 30 degrees Celsius? Nor was it allowed!<br />
<br />
Spring returned with temperatures fluctuating between warm and cold. The large-scale construction of the People’s Republic of China began. Bei Hanting began to work as an intern Senior Officer on a big ship. The captain was old-school, strict, and discreet with a straight face every day. He wore a well-ironed uniform with a pair of white gloves in his right hand. No matter how heavy the wind and snow were, trainees were only allowed to stand outside the bridge and patrol the sea. They were not allowed to take binoculars, and miss any targets, otherwise the captain would scold them. As for posture, they must never put their hands in their pockets, according to the regulations. Was it not allowed to do this below minus 20 degrees Celsius? Yes! What about minus 30 degrees Celsius? Nor was it allowed!<br />
<br />
冬季里只穿一条单裤的贝汉廷有一次实在受不住啦,回头看看没人,刚悄悄把手放进兜里暖暖,后边啪的一脚就踢过来了。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, who only wore a pair of trousers in winter, once couldn't stand it. Finding no one was in the back, he quietly put his hands in his pocket to warm up, and then the captain kicked his feet behind him.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, who only wore a pair of trousers in winter, once couldn't stand it. Finding no one was in the back, he quietly put his hands in his pocket to warm up, and then the captain kicked his feet behind him.<br />
<br />
“打人当然是不对的。”贝汉廷笑着说,“可我也真从他那里受到了严格的训练,学会了一丝不苟。”<br />
<br />
"It is certainly wrong to beat people." Bei Hanting said with a smile, "But I really got strict training from him and learned to be meticulous."<br />
<br />
"It is certainly wrong to beat people." Bei Hanting said with a smile, "But I really got strict training from him and learned to be meticulous."<br />
<br />
俗话说“严师出高徒”,而严师也多半是爱高徒的。那个老船长从来没正眼看过贝汉廷一眼,但在挑选二副时,他点名要贝汉廷。他遭到了反对,但他力排众议：“贝汉廷。”又是一阵反对的浪潮。他却仍然是三个字:“贝汉廷!”<br />
<br />
As the saying goes, "A strict teacher nurtures a high-level apprentice", and a strict teacher mostly loves a high-level apprentice. The old captain never paid attention to Bei Hanting, but when selecting the Senior Officer, he named Bei Hanting. He was opposed, but he tried hard to refute and eliminate opposing opinions to maintain his stance: "Bei Hanting." It was another wave of opposition. He still said that name: "Bei Hanting!"<br />
<br />
As the saying goes, "A strict teacher nurtures a high-level apprentice", and a strict teacher mostly loves the high-level apprentice. The old captain never paid attention to Bei Hanting, but when selecting the Senior Officer, he named Bei Hanting. He was opposed, but he tried hard to refute and eliminate opposing opinions to maintain his stance: "Bei Hanting." There was another wave of opposition. He still said that name: "Bei Hanting!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷就这样当上了二副,然后就来到了广远公司,开始了远洋航行的那一天。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting became the Senior Officer in this way, and then came to Guangyuan Company and started the ocean voyage.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting became the Senior Officer in this way, and then came to Guangyuan Company and started the ocean voyage.<br />
<br />
当船长的幸福贝汉廷今天已记不清了。他记得最清楚的却是当船长的痛苦, 那就是:只要他在海外显示出一点文化教养和科学水平,外国人就要问他:“是日本人吧?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting has lost count of the happiness of being a captain today. What he remembers most clearly is the pain of being a captain, that is, as long as he shows a little educational background and scientific knowledge overseas, foreigners will ask him: "You are a Japanese, right?"<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting has lost count of the happiness of being a captain today. What he remembers most clearly is the pain of being a captain, that is, as long as he shows a little educational background and scientific knowledge overseas, foreigners will ask him: "You are a Japanese, right?"<br />
<br />
有一次,在鹿特丹港,一个领港员因为船上一水是中国人而有意刁难,把舵令用英语说得又快又流利,贝汉廷就迎上去和他用英语对话。领港改用法语,贝汉廷也改用法语,然后有意识地用意大利语和西班牙语向领港员问话。<br />
<br />
On one occasion, in Port of Rotterdam, a pilot deliberately created difficulties because the able seaman (AB) on board was Chinese. He spoke rudder orders quickly and fluently in English, so Bei Hanting talked with him in English. The pilot changed to French, Bei Hanting also changed to French, and then he consciously questioned the pilot in Italian and Spanish.<br />
<br />
On one occasion, at the Port of Rotterdam, a pilot deliberately created difficulties because the able seaman (AB) on board was Chinese. He spoke rudder orders quickly and fluently in English, so Bei Hanting talked with him in English. The pilot changed to French, Bei Hanting also changed to French, and then he consciously questioned the pilot in Italian and Spanish.<br />
<br />
这个领港员回答不上来了,却说：“你的一水不行。”<br />
<br />
The pilot couldn't answer, so he said, "Your able seaman is not good."<br />
<br />
The pilot couldn't answer, so he said, "Your able seaman is not good."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷装没听见,他连说三次,贝汉廷火了,说：“你怎么知道他不行?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting pretended not to hear. He said it three times in a row. Bei Hanting became angry and said, "How do you know he is not skilled?"<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting pretended not to hear. He said it three times in a row. Bei Hanting became angry and said, "How do you know he is not skilled?"<br />
<br />
“反应太慢。”<br />
<br />
"His reaction is too slow."<br />
<br />
"His reaction is too slow."<br />
<br />
“那是你没有必要地说得太快,舵令叫得不清楚。”<br />
<br />
"That's because you speak too fast, which is not necessary at all, so the rudder orders don't sound clear."<br />
<br />
"That's because you speak too fast, which is not necessary at all, so the rudder orders don't sound clear."<br />
<br />
“我要求你换人。”<br />
<br />
"I ask you to change your able seaman."<br />
<br />
"I ask you to change your able seaman."<br />
<br />
“他是我船上最好的水手。”<br />
<br />
"He is the best sailor on my ship."<br />
<br />
"He is the best sailor on my ship."<br />
<br />
“中国人没ー个操舵操得好的。”<br />
<br />
"All Chinese people don't steer well."<br />
<br />
"All Chinese people don't steer well."<br />
<br />
“各国港口的领港员都说他好,只有你一个人说他不行。”<br />
<br />
"The pilots of ports in various countries say he is good, and you are the only one who says he can't do it."<br />
<br />
"All pilots of ports in various countries say he is good, and you are the only one who says he is not good."<br />
<br />
“我要求下船。”<br />
<br />
"I demand to disembark."<br />
<br />
"I demand to disembark."<br />
<br />
“可以。三副!立即送他下去。拿来!”<br />
<br />
"Yes. Junior Officer! Send him down at once. Bring it!"<br />
<br />
"Ok. Junior Officer! Send him down at once. Bring it!"<br />
<br />
“什么?”<br />
<br />
"What?"<br />
<br />
"What?"<br />
<br />
“你的派司。我要在你的引水单上注明,你是一个不合格的引水员,不能给船舶提供良好的协作,从此以后不欢迎你到任何一条中国船上领港。我很遗憾,但看来只好如此了,派司,请!”<br />
<br />
"Your pass. I want to indicate on your application for pilot that you are an unqualified pilot and can't collaborate well with ships. From now on, you are not welcome to pilot any Chinese ship. I'm sorry, but it seems that we have to do so. Your pass, please!"<br />
<br />
"Your pass. I want to indicate on your application for pilot that you are an unqualified pilot and can't collaborate well with ships. From now on, you are not welcome to pilot any Chinese ship. I'm sorry, but it seems that we have to do so. Your pass, please!"<br />
<br />
面对如此强硬的船长,那个领港员咕噜了几句,再也不响了。<br />
<br />
Facing such a tough master, the pilot muttered a few words and never did this again.<br />
<br />
Facing such a tough master, the pilot muttered a few words and never did this again.<br />
<br />
船进了港口,贝汉廷签证了引水单,并没有加任何批注,那位傲慢的引水员十分感激;而那个被船长保护过来的一水,噙着泪水咬着牙,从此日夜念英文……（I changed 嚙 with 噙）<br />
<br />
When the ship entered the port, Bei Hanting signed the application for pilot without any comment, and the arrogant pilot was very grateful. For the able seaman protected by the captain, he bit the bullet and read English day and night after that...<br />
<br />
When the ship entered the port, Bei Hanting signed the application for pilot without any comment, and the arrogant pilot was very grateful. For the able seaman protected by the captain, he bit the bullet and read English day and night after that...<br />
<br />
蓝色的梦<br />
<br />
Blue Dreams<br />
<br />
Blue Dreams<br />
<br />
正当我国海员在全世界各个港口赢得尊敬,我国远洋事业蓬勃发展的时刻,“文化大革命”开始了。林彪、江青等人互相勾结,从文艺界杀出来,砸烂公检法之 后,开始有步骤、有计划地在各条战线夺权。<br />
<br />
Just when our seafarers won respect in various ports all over the world and our ocean-going business flourished, the Cultural Revolution began. Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and others colluded with each other, caused many deaths in literary and art circles, destroyed the public security inspection law, and began to seize power on all fronts step by step and in a planned way.<br />
<br />
Just when our seafarers won respect in ports all over the world and our ocean-going business flourished, the "Cultural Revolution" began. Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and others colluded with each other, caused many deaths in literary and art circles, destroyed the public security inspection law, and began to seize power on all fronts step by step and in a planned way.<br />
<br />
贝汉廷在休假中突然被通知到广州集合。他以海员的速度按时到达,去接受新的任务。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was suddenly informed to gather in Guangzhou during his vacation. He arrived on time at the speed of seafarers to accept new tasks.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was suddenly informed to gather in Guangzhou during his vacation. He arrived on time at the speed of seafarers to accept new tasks.<br />
<br />
但是,并没有任务,却让他进了学习班。<br />
<br />
However, there was no task. He was forced to attend classes learning the Maoism.<br />
<br />
However, there was no task. He was forced to attend classes learning the Maoism.<br />
<br />
学习班都是熟人,我国开创远洋事业的不少老船长、老大副都来了。老朋友久 别重逢,十分开心,各路兵马摩拳擦掌,准备大干ー场。可是一笑容慢慢冻结在脸上了。怎么?走路要排队,吃饭也要排队,寄信要请假,说话还有人监督……军宣队宣布全面接管,难道变成了国民党俘虏?<br />
<br />
There were all acquaintances in this class, like many old captains and Chief Officers who started the ocean-going business in China. Old friends were glad to meet again after a long separation, and they were gearing up for a big fight. But a smile slowly froze on their faces. What happened? You had to queue up when you walk, when you eat. You had to take a personal day off when you sent a letter, and there were people to supervise when you speak... The propaganda team promoting Maoism claimed that it will manage them. So, did they become Kuomintang’s captives?<br />
<br />
There were all acquaintances in this class, like many old captains and Chief Officers who started the ocean-going business in China. Old friends were glad to meet again after a long separation, and they were gearing up for a big fight. But a smile slowly froze on their faces. What happened? You had to queue up when you walk, and when you eat. You had to take a personal day off when you would send a letter, and there were people to supervise when you spoke... The propaganda team promoting Maoism claimed that it would manage them. So, did they become Kuomintang’s captives?<br />
<br />
唉！贝汉廷哪里知道,林彪、“四人帮”的革命理论就是:越是有功越要整,越是有成绩越是修正主义。他们所谓的革命就是要革革过命的人的命。<br />
<br />
Alas! Bei Hanting didn’t know that the revolutionary theory of Lin Biao and the Gang of Four was that the more achievements you have, the more revisionism you have. What they called revolution was to kill those who had great contributions to our country.<br />
<br />
Alas! Bei Hanting didn’t know that the revolutionary theory of Lin Biao and the "Gang of Four" was that the more achievements you had, the more revisionism you had. What they called revolution was to kill those who had great contributions to our country.<br />
<br />
现在看来,真是比绕口令还绕口令!迷信、愚昧到了令人抬不起头的程度。但那时,贝汉廷也像中国大多数革命者一样,十分虔诚地检查自己的不足,俯首赎罪……<br />
<br />
Now, it seems that it is ironic! Superstition and ignorance have made people so embarrassed. But at that time, Bei Hanting, like most Chinese revolutionaries, examined his shortcomings very piously and bowed his head to atone for his sins...<br />
<br />
Now, it seems that it was ironic! Superstition and ignorance had made people so embarrassed. But at that time, Bei Hanting, like most Chinese revolutionaries, examined his shortcomings very piously and bowed his head to atone for his sins...<br />
<br />
首先出来抵制的又是我们的总理。总理说:“如果我们开创远洋事业的骨干都修了,远洋事业的大好形势从哪里来的?”多么无可辩驳,多么义正词严!可是林彪、江青那一伙人哪里听总理的,总理正是他们要打倒的主要目标哩!<br />
<br />
It was our prime minister who came out to oppose first. The prime minister said: "If the backbone of our ocean-going business has been fired, how does the bright future of ocean-going business come from?" How irrefutable, how righteous! But Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and their gang members didn’t listen to the Prime Minister, because he was the main target they want to overthrow!<br />
<br />
It was our prime minister who came out to oppose first. The prime minister said: "If the backbone of our ocean-going business has been fired, how does the bright future of ocean-going business come from?" How irrefutable, how righteous! But Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and their gang members didn’t listen to the Prime Minister, because he was the main target they wanted to overthrow!<br />
<br />
于是读语录,谈话;谈话,读语录;逼供,诱供;进隔离室,出隔离室……从追“拍照”到“送情报”,最后发展到追他“里通外国”。本来嘛,搞远洋运输的还能不里通外国?<br />
<br />
So they had to read quotations and have a conversation with the propaganda team again and again; they had to experience forced confessions or be trapped to make a confession; they had to be isolated in a room... From Bei’s pictures in the radar station, they thought he gave intelligence to other countries, and finally they thought he conspired with foreign countries. Originally, can those who engage in ocean transportation not communicate with foreign countries?<br />
<br />
So they had to read quotations and have a conversation with the propaganda team again and again; they had to experience forced confessions or be trapped to make a confession; they had to be isolated in a room... From Bei’s pictures in the radar station, they thought he gave intelligence to other countries, and finally they thought he conspired with foreign countries. Originally, could those who engage in ocean transportation not communicate with foreign countries?<br />
<br />
但世界上的事就是这么不可思议,事物的规律就是这样不可抗拒,他们纲上得越高,贝汉廷就越轻松,到追查里通外国的什么“照片”时,他早已从晕眩到清醒, 由虔诚而呼呼大睡起来了…… <br />
<br />
But things in the world were so strange, and the laws of things were so irresistible. The more they talked about politics, the easier it is for Bei Hanting. By the time they traced the photos of conspiring with foreign countries, he has already gone from dizziness to sobriety, and fell asleep from piety...<br />
<br />
But things in the world were so strange, and the laws of things were so irresistible. The more they talked about politics, the easier it was for Bei Hanting. By the time they traced the photos of conspiring with foreign countries, he had already gone from dizziness to sobriety, and fell asleep from piety...<br />
<br />
总理毕竟是他们夺权不可逾越的障碍。就像文艺界的大批骨干被总理保护下来送到部队农场“改造”一样,远洋事业的这批骨干也被保护下来,送到航道局看航标、挖河泥去了。<br />
<br />
After all, the prime minister was an insurmountable obstacle to their seizure of power. Just as a large number of backbones in the literary and art circles were protected by the Prime Minister and sent to the army farm for the Down to the Countryside Movement, these backbones in the ocean-going business were also protected and sent to the Waterway Bureau to monitor navigation marks and dig river mud.<br />
<br />
After all, the prime minister was an insurmountable obstacle for them to seize power. Just as a large number of backbones in the literary and art circles were protected by the Prime Minister and sent to the army farm for the "Down to the Countryside Movement", these backbones in the ocean-going business were also protected and sent to the Waterway Bureau to monitor navigation marks and dig river mud.<br />
<br />
挖河泥,上海人叫“闌河泥”,贝汉廷和他的伙伴们带着流血的心和解除隔离的欣慰,看起航标,罱起河泥来……（I changed 闌 with 罱）<br />
<br />
Digging (挖) river mud is called digging (罱) river mud by residents in Shanghai. Bei Hanting and his friends monitored navigation marks and dug river mud with bleeding hearts and relief from isolation...<br />
<br />
Digging (挖) river mud is called digging (罱) river mud by residents in Shanghai. Bei Hanting and his friends monitored navigation marks and dug river mud with bleeding hearts and relief from isolation...<br />
<br />
贝汉廷毕竟是贝汉廷,在看航标罱河泥的小船上当三副,专管伙食事务,仍然年年被评为先进。（I changed 闌 with 罱）<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, after all, was capable. He was the Junior Officer in the boat monitoring navigation marks and digging river mud, and was responsible for food affairs. And he was still rated as advanced Individual every year.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, after all, was capable. He was the Junior Officer in the boat monitoring navigation marks and digging river mud, and was responsible for food affairs. And he was still rated as advanced Individual every year.<br />
<br />
他从来没过过这样清闲的日子,用他爱人的话说:结婚二十年,在家的日子加 起来ー共不到两年。现在,每天开开单据,报报账,下了班就可以回家,骑着脚踏 车,从路边上买点螃蟹鱼虾,晚上和妻子儿女ー起听听音乐……<br />
<br />
He has never lived such a leisurely life. In the words of his lover, he has been married for 20 years, but his days at home added up to less than two years. Now, he invoiced people and reported accounts every day. He can go home after work, ride a bicycle, buy some fish from the roadside, and listen to music with his wife and children at night...<br />
<br />
He had never lived such a leisurely life. In the words of his lover, he had been married for 20 years, but his days at home added up to less than two years. Now, he invoiced people and reported accounts every day. He could go home after work, ride a bicycle, buy some fish from the roadside, and listen to music with his wife and children at night...<br />
<br />
这在一般人看来是求之不得的幸福啊！可是,他哭了。这个从来没哭过的汉子,他哭了。<br />
<br />
This was a desirable happiness in the eyes of ordinary people! However, he cried. Before that, this man who has never cried.<br />
<br />
This was a desirable happiness in the eyes of ordinary people! However, he cried. Before that, this man who had never cried.<br />
<br />
他哭了,不是因为邻居的眼色,这个从南市来的孩子从小见惯了各种各样冷漠和怀疑的眼色。<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the neighbors’ dirty looks. The boy from Nanshi was used to all kinds of indifferent and dubious looks.<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the neighbors' dirty looks. The boy from Nanshi was used to all kinds of indifferent and dubious looks.<br />
<br />
他哭了,不是因为路人的歧视,这个在各国港口为中国争取到荣誉的海员,有的是对付歧视的办法。<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the discrimination of passers-by. This seaman who won honor for China in ports of various countries had plenty of ways to deal with discrimination. <br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the discrimination of passers-by. This seaman who won honor for China in ports of various countries had plenty of ways to deal with discrimination.<br />
<br />
他哭了,不是因为亲人们一妻子儿女,特别是哥哥,那个一心一意支持他走上这条路的哥哥的质问。虽然他们疑虑的视线在他心上织起了灰色的和有罪的雾似的迷网……<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the questioning of his relatives, his wife and children, especially his brother, who wholeheartedly supported him to be a seaman. Although their suspicious eyes woven a gray and guilty mist-like puzzle in his heart...<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the questioning of his relatives, his wife and children, especially his brother, who wholeheartedly supported him to be a seaman. Although their suspicious eyes woven a gray and guilty mist-like puzzle in his heart...<br />
<br />
但,他不是为这些哭的。他哭,是为了他的梦,他的蓝色的梦。<br />
<br />
But that's not why he cried. He cried for his dreams, his blue dreams.<br />
<br />
But that was not why he cried. He cried for his dreams, his blue dreams.<br />
<br />
他是这样思念大海,他的梦也尽是蓝色的。当他坐在小船三副的办公桌前想起他的波涛汹涌的大海时,他心如刀绞。<br />
<br />
He missed the sea so much, and his dreams were all blue. When he sat at the desk of the Junior Officer of the boat and thought of his rough sea, his heart was torn out.<br />
<br />
He missed the sea so much, and his dreams were all blue. When he sat at the desk of the Junior Officer of the boat and thought of his rough sea, his heart was torn out.<br />
<br />
他仍然喜欢独自在黄埔滩头倚栏沉思。每当他看见自己驾驶过的“桂林”“友好”“九江”号从他眼前驶过时,他的心狂跳,他像孩子ー样大哭了。他感到它们是那么的漂亮,真是美极了。在他当它们船长的时候,他从来没像今天看它们那样感到漂亮。而今天,当他被活活地从它们身上撕开,目送着它们仪态万方地姗姗远去时,他怎能不泪如雨下……<br />
<br />
He still liked to meditate alone on the beachhead of Huangpu. Whenever he saw the Guilin, the Friendship and Jiujiang he had driven passing by his eyes, his heart beat wildly and he cried like a child. He felt that they were so beautiful. When he was their captain, he never thought them so beautiful when he saw them today. Today, when he had to separate with them and watch them go away with great grace, how could he not burst into a flood of tears...<br />
<br />
He still liked to meditate alone on the beachhead of Huangpu. Whenever he saw the "Guilin", the "Friendship" and "Jiujiang" he had driven passing by his eyes, his heart beat wildly and he cried like a child. He felt that they were so beautiful. When he was their captain, he never thought them as beautiful as he saw them today. But today, when he had to separate with them and watch them go away with great grace, how could he not burst into a flood of tears...<br />
<br />
他的泪水在羞辱的愤怒中干涸了。那是当他听见“四人帮”改朝换代后派出 的有的船员竟在外国人面前把“twelve”说成“ onetwo”的时候;是当他听说“四人帮”派出的“小兄弟”有失国体地在外国百货公司偷人一双袜子的时候;是知道那些打砸抢的“英雄”们竟在外国港口的垃圾箱里拾破烂的时候……<br />
<br />
His tears dried up in a rage that was triggered by humiliation. That was when he heard that some crew members sent by the Gang of Four after the regime change said "twelve" as "onetwo" to foreigners; It was when he heard that sidekicks sent by the Gang of Four stole a pair of socks from foreign department stores, which tarnished the honor of our country; It was when he knew that the "heroes" who smashed and looted actually picked up junk in garbage bins in foreign ports...<br />
<br />
His tears dried up in a rage that was triggered by humiliation. That was when he heard that some crew members sent by the "Gang of Four" after the regime change said "twelve" as "onetwo" to foreigners; It was when he heard that "sidekicks" sent by the "Gang of Four" stole a pair of socks from foreign department stores, which tarnished the honor of our country; It was when he knew that the "heroes" who smashed and looted actually picked up junk in garbage bins in foreign ports...<br />
<br />
愤怒把泪水烧干了,但蓝色的梦依然是蓝色的。他怀着钢铁的意志,钢铁的决心,他要回到大海上去。他会回到大海上去的!于是他咬着牙在自己的航海笔记的扉页上写下“勤笔密思”四个字。他重新挺起了胸,点燃了深夜的灯,通宵达旦地啃起《海上保险》《国际海商法》《海上救助》和各种国际航运法规、各国港口资料来了…… <br />
<br />
Anger burns tears dry, but blue dreams are still blue. Having nerves of steel, he wanted to go back to the sea. He will go back to the sea! So he gritted his teeth and wrote the words " Writing Diligently and Thinking Usually" on the title page of his sailing notes. He stood up again, lit the lights in the middle of the night, and read ''Marine Insurance'', ''International Maritime Law'', ''Maritime Rescue'' and various international shipping laws and regulations, and port information of various countries all night...<br />
<br />
Anger burned tears dry, but blue dreams were still blue. With nerves of steel, he wanted to go back to the sea. He would go back to the sea! So he gritted his teeth and wrote the words "Writing Diligently and Thinking Usually" on the title page of his sailing notes. He stood up again, lit the lights in the middle of the night, and read ''Marine Insurance'', ''International Maritime Law'', ''Maritime Rescue'' and various international shipping laws and regulations, and port information of various countries all night...<br />
<br />
伦敦港的友谊<br />
<br />
Friendship in the Port of London<br />
<br />
Friendship in the Port of London<br />
<br />
"Who is the captain?"<br />
<br />
"I'm the master."<br />
<br />
他果然回到了大海,但这已是一个新的贝汉廷。<br />
<br />
He really returned to the sea, but this is a new Bei Hanting.<br />
<br />
He really returned to the sea, but this is a new Bei Hanting.<br />
<br />
如果说过去他只是一个业务熟练的船长,那么,今天他是一个满怀信心的主人。Master的含意在十年政治风暴的锤炼中,重心有了令人欣喜的转移,而这双重含意在他身上竟是如此和谐、统一。<br />
<br />
If he used to be just a skillful captain, today he is a confident master. The meaning of Master has been richer due to the political storm in the past ten years, and the focus has a happy shift, but the two meanings is so harmonious and unified in him.<br />
<br />
If he used to be just a skillful captain, today he is a confident master. The meaning of Master has been richer due to the political storm in the past ten years, and the focus has a happy shift, but the two meanings are so harmonious and unified in him.<br />
<br />
这里,我只想讲一个小故事,那就是——伦敦港的友谊。<br />
<br />
Here, I just want to tell a short story, that is, the friendship in the Port of London.<br />
<br />
Here, I just want to tell a short story, that is, the friendship in the Port of London.<br />
<br />
有一次,“汉川号”配载200吨滑石粉到伦敦港卸货,途中收到了公司电报:伦敦港最近规定,不卸滑石粉。为什么?不知道,这是新规定。<br />
<br />
On one occasion, the Hanchuan loaded 200 tons of talcum powder to the Port of London for unloading, but received a telegram from the company on the way: the Port of London recently stipulated that talcum powder should not be unloaded. Why? They don't know. It's a new rule.<br />
<br />
On one occasion, the "Hanchuan" loaded 200 tons of talcum powder to the Port of London for unloading, but received a telegram from the company on the way: the Port of London recently stipulates that talcum powder should not be unloaded. Why? They didn't know. It was a new rule.<br />
<br />
公司远隔万里,可以不知道。但200吨滑石粉压在贝汉廷的冷藏舱盖上,舱里还有送到伦敦的各种冷冻货。滑石粉不让卸,别的货也取不出来,到前边中转,运费要超过货物本身的价值。贝汉廷决定,船仍直驶伦敦港。船一到港,他立即彬彬有礼地去拜访代理、卸货组长、工头、工人……摸清了不卸滑石粉的由来。原来是一个工人看报时偶然发现了一篇化学家署名的文章,分析滑石粉的结构,如此这般,这般如此,作用于人体,就要引起癌症。这个工人在他的工班一说,癌症,这还了得!几个工班一商议,向工会提出:从此不卸滑石粉。特别是中国的,因为包装不好,运输时又马虎,纸袋压得尽是裂缝,卸起来粉末飞扬,不要说卸,工人连手都不愿摸……<br />
<br />
The company was thousands of miles away, so it was reasonable. However, 200 tons of talcum powder was pressed on the cover of the refrigerated hatch, and there were various frozen goods sent to London in the hatch. Talcum powder was not allowed to be unloaded, and other goods can't be taken out. If you sail to the stopping point, the freight will exceed the value of the goods themselves. So, Bei Hanting decided that the ship would still go straight to the Port of London. As soon as the ship arrived in port, he courteously visited the agent, the unloading team leader, the foreman, workers... By doing so, he found out the reason of not unloading talcum powder. It turned out that a worker accidentally discovered an article signed by a chemist while reading a newspaper, analyzing the structure of talcum powder. If it acts on human body, it will cause cancer. The worker said this in his work class, which caused a great sensation! After several rounds of deliberation, it was proposed to the trade union that talcum powder should not be unloaded from now on. Especially that from China, because the packaging was not good, and the transportation was sloppy, the paper bags were full of cracks, so the powder would fly when unloaded. Workers were unwilling to touch it, not to mention unloading... <br />
<br />
The company was thousands of miles away, so it was reasonable to don't know it. However, 200 tons of talcum powder was pressed on the cover of the refrigerated hatch, and there were various frozen goods sent to London in the hatch. Talcum powder was not allowed to be unloaded, and other goods couldn't be taken out. If you sailed to the stopping point, the freight would exceed the value of the goods themselves. So, Bei Hanting decided that the ship would still go straight to the Port of London. As soon as the ship arrived in port, he courteously visited the agent, the unloading team leader, the foreman, and workers... By doing so, he found out the reason of not unloading talcum powder. It turned out that a worker accidentally discovered an article signed by a chemist while reading a newspaper, which analyzed the structure of talcum powder. If it acts on human body, it will cause cancer. The worker said this in his work class, which caused a great sensation! After several rounds of deliberation, it was proposed to the trade union that talcum powder should not be unloaded from now on. Especially that from China, because the packaging was not good, and the transportation was sloppy, the paper bags were full of cracks, and the powder would fly when unloaded. Workers were unwilling to touch it, not to mention unloading...<br />
<br />
啊!原来如此!贝汉廷立即请代理到船上做客。畅叙别情,举杯问候夫人健康,谈英国绘画的新发展,从背诵莎士比亚的片段谈到流行的扭摆舞对青年的影响……谈得十分融洽。代理告别时说:“在港口,有什么困难,只管找我。”贝汉廷长叹一声:“困难是有哇,可不能告诉别人。”代理马上伸过手来,与贝汉廷紧握: “绝不,到我为止。”<br />
<br />
Ah! That was the reason! Bei Hanting immediately invited an agent to be a guest on board. He talked freely, from greeting his wife's health, the new development of English painting, reciting Shakespeare's excerpts to the influence of popular twist dance on young people. When the agent left, he said "If you have any difficulties in the port, just ask me." Bei Hanting sighed: "There are difficulties, but you can't tell others." The agent immediately reached out and clasped his hands: "No, I will help you."<br />
<br />
Ah! That was the reason! Bei Hanting immediately invited an agent to be a guest on board. He talked freely, from greeting his wife's health, talking about the new development of English painting, and reciting Shakespeare's excerpts to the influence of popular twist dance on young people. When the agent left, he said "If you have any difficulties in the port, just ask me." Bei Hanting sighed: "There are difficulties, but we can't tell others." The agent immediately reached out and clasped his hands: "No, I will help you."<br />
<br />
“我带来了滑石粉。”<br />
<br />
"I brought talcum powder."<br />
<br />
"I brought talcum powder."<br />
<br />
“知道,不就200吨吗?”<br />
<br />
"I know. Isn't it just 200 tons?"<br />
<br />
"I know. Isn't it just 200 tons?"<br />
<br />
“可我因为怕压坏,装在了冷藏舱盖上。”<br />
<br />
"But I put it on the refrigerated hatch cover because I am afraid of crushing it."<br />
<br />
"But I put it on the refrigerated hatch cover because I am afraid of crushing it."<br />
<br />
“糟糕！这可怎么办?”<br />
<br />
"Oops! What can I do?"<br />
<br />
"Oops! What can I do?"<br />
<br />
“我想和工头谈谈。”<br />
<br />
"I want to talk to the foreman."<br />
<br />
"I want to talk to the foreman."<br />
<br />
“交情深吗?不深——这样吧,我先和工会的负责人谈谈,请他来看你。”<br />
<br />
"Are you on intimate terms with him? No? Let me talk to the person in charge of the trade union first and ask him to come to see you."<br />
<br />
"Are you on intimate terms with him? No? Let me talk to the person in charge of the trade union first and ask him to come to see you."<br />
<br />
“我去拜访他!”<br />
<br />
"I'll visit him!"<br />
<br />
"I'll visit him!"<br />
<br />
工会的负责人把头摇得像拨浪鼓一样:“这是工人的权利,工会坚决支持。”<br />
<br />
The head of the trade union shook his head like a rattle: "This is the right of workers, and the trade union firmly supports it."<br />
<br />
The head of the trade union shook his head like a rattle: "This is the right of workers, and the trade union firmly supports it."<br />
<br />
“别的港口都没这项规定呢!”<br />
<br />
"There is no such rule in other ports!"<br />
<br />
"There is no such rule in other ports!"<br />
<br />
“本港对工人劳动保护特别注意。”<br />
<br />
"Our port pays special attention to the labor protection of workers."<br />
<br />
"Our port pays special attention to the labor protection of workers."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷承认确实如此,并且列举了伦敦港工会的种种成绩。他是那样如数家珍,说得工会负责人心里热乎乎的,至于卸滑石粉的劳动保护吗,“汉川号”愿意提供一切条件,口罩、面具……工会负责人说:“那么……也许……我试ー试!”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting admitted that and listed the achievements of the Trade Union of the Port of London. He was so familiar with these achievements that the person in charge of the trade union was touched. As for the labor protection for unloading talcum powder, workers in the Hanchuan were willing to provide all equipment, like masks and respirators... He said: "Then... maybe... I will try!"<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting admitted that and listed the achievements of the Trade Union of the Port of London. He was so familiar with these achievements that the person in charge of the trade union was touched. As for the labor protection for unloading talcum powder, the "Hanchuan" was willing to provide all conditions, like masks and respirators... The person in charge of the trade union said: "Then... maybe... I will try!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“只要先生愿意帮忙,一定成功。先生知道伦敦的商人为什么远程购买滑石粉吗?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "As long as you is willing to help, you will succeed. Do you know why businessmen in London buy talcum powder remotely?"<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "As long as you is willing to help, we'll succeed. Do you know why businessmen in London buy talcum powder remotely?"<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“因为我国青岛出产的滑石粉质量好,包装也好。我又装在舱盖上,一点没有破裂……先生知道滑石粉是做什么的吗?是做化妆品的。香粉,脂粉,高级化妆品呀！贵国的妇女那么美丽,从古到今都擦粉,但她们是多么健康!”<br />
<br />
"Because the talcum powder produced in Qingdao has good quality and good packaging. And I put it on the hatch cover, so it doesn’t break at all... Do you know what talcum powder is made for, sir? It can make cosmetics. Rouge and powder are high-grade cosmetics! Women in your country are so beautiful because they use this products from ancient times to the present, but how healthy they are!"<br />
<br />
"Because the talcum powder produced in Qingdao has good quality and good packaging. And I put it on the hatch cover, so any of it isn't broken... Do you know what talcum powder is made for, sir? It can make cosmetics. Rouge and powder are high-grade cosmetics! Women in your country are so beautiful because they use this product from ancient times to the present, but how healthy they are!"<br />
<br />
工会负责人紧板的面孔开始有了一丝笑意。<br />
<br />
The tight expression of the head of the trade union changed, and he cracked a smile.<br />
<br />
The tight expression of the head of the trade union changed, and he cracked a smile.<br />
<br />
“贵国亲友相会,都有接吻的习惯。算算,你们一天要接触多少香粉——多少滑石粉,而你们又是多么健康！”<br />
<br />
"When friends and relatives meet in your country, they all have the habit of kissing. Think about it. How much fragrant powder and talcum powder you need to touch every day. But how healthy you are!"<br />
<br />
"When friends and relatives meet in your country, they all have the habit of kissing. Let's calculate it. How much fragrant powder and talcum powder you need to touch every day. But how healthy you are!"<br />
<br />
“哈哈……”在场的人不由得都哈哈大笑了。<br />
<br />
"Haha..." All the people on the scene couldn't help laughing.<br />
<br />
"Haha..." All the people on the scene couldn't help laughing.<br />
<br />
“那么,允许我去找工人们谈谈?”贝汉廷说。<br />
<br />
"So, do you allow me to talk to the workers?" Bei Hanting asked.<br />
<br />
"So, do you allow me to talk to the workers?" Bei Hanting asked.<br />
<br />
“不,我去,还是我去好。”工会负责人匆匆走了。<br />
<br />
"No, I'll go. It’s better if I talk to them." The head of the union hurried away.<br />
<br />
"No, I'll go. It’s better if I talk to them." The head of the union hurried away.<br />
<br />
贝汉廷提心吊胆地从窗口望着甲板,看见工会负责人到工人群中拍肩打膀地说着,说着……突然,从工人中爆发出那样舒心的大笑,他们简直笑得前仰后合了。贝汉廷这一颗心才落到了胸膛里。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting looked at the deck from the window nervously, and saw the head of the trade union clapping others’ shoulders and talking among the workers... Suddenly, such a comfortable laughter broke out from the workers, and they almost laughed their heads off. Seeing this, Bei Hanting was at ease.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting looked at the deck from the window nervously, and saw the head of the trade union clapping their shoulders and talking among the workers... Suddenly, such a comfortable laughter broke out from the workers, and they almost laughed their heads off. Seeing this, Bei Hanting was at ease.<br />
<br />
代理对他跷起大拇指:“真行啊,Captain贝!”<br />
<br />
The agent gave him a thumbs up: "Really good, Captain Bei!"<br />
<br />
The agent gave him a thumb up: "Really good, Captain Bei!"<br />
<br />
他说:“全靠你们老朋友。”<br />
<br />
He said, "It's all up to your old friends."<br />
<br />
He said, "It's all up to your old friends."<br />
<br />
“为什么你还不高兴?”<br />
<br />
"Why are you still unhappy?"<br />
<br />
"Why are you still unhappy?"<br />
<br />
“我还有事求你帮忙,又不好开口。”<br />
<br />
"I still have something to ask you for help, and it is difficult to speak."<br />
<br />
"I still have something to ask you for help, and it is difficult to speak."<br />
<br />
“说!”<br />
<br />
"Just say it!"<br />
<br />
"Just say it!"<br />
<br />
“我们还有好多艘船都载着滑石粉呢!”<br />
<br />
"We still have many ships carrying talcum powder!"<br />
<br />
"We still have many ships carrying talcum powder!"<br />
<br />
代理双手齐摇:“就你这一船,我的脑袋差点没裂开。”<br />
<br />
The agent waved his hands: "Even if there is only one ship with talcum powder, my head almost crack."<br />
<br />
The agent waved his two hands: "Even if there is only one ship with talcum powder, my head almost crack."<br />
<br />
“但道理不是一样吗?”<br />
<br />
"But it makes sense for all ships."<br />
<br />
"But it makes sense for all ships."<br />
<br />
“你何必管别人的船呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why do you care about other people's ships?"<br />
<br />
"Why do you care about other people's ships?"<br />
<br />
“因为都挂着五星红旗呀!”<br />
<br />
"Because they all hang the National Flag of the People's Republic of China!"<br />
<br />
"Because they all hang the National Flag of the People's Republic of China!"<br />
<br />
代理挠挠头:“那……我去试试。”<br />
<br />
The agent scratched his head: "Then... I'll try it."<br />
<br />
The agent scratched his head: "Then... I'll try it."<br />
<br />
“一定成功,英国工人是最讲道理的。”<br />
<br />
"It must be successful. British workers are the most reasonable."<br />
<br />
"It must be successful. British workers are the most reasonable ones."<br />
<br />
经过反复磋商,终于成功了。从此,凡是挂着五星红旗船上的滑石粉,只要包装不破,伦敦港一律管卸。<br />
<br />
After repeated consultations, it finally succeeded. From then on, all talcum powder on ships with the National Flag of the People's Republic of China will be unloaded in the Port of London as long as the packaging is not broken.<br />
<br />
After repeated consultations, he finally succeeded. From then on, all talcum powder on ships with the National Flag of the People's Republic of China would be unloaded in the Port of London as long as the packaging was not broken.<br />
<br />
我在这里不想叙述因此每条船每个航次为国家节约了多少外汇,因为读者们比我算得更清楚,那是数以万计十万计……我只想说:十年的政治风浪怎样使贝汉廷完成了从一个船长到一个主人的飞跃。因为他时时想着我们的人民——在各条战线上的每个主人十年沉思的伟大力量。正是它,在推动他不断地向前,向前……<br />
<br />
I don't want to describe how much foreign exchange has been saved for the country by each ship and voyage, because readers know better than me. That is more than tens of thousands... I just want to say: How did Bei Hanting make a leap from a captain to a master after ten years of political storms. Because he always thinks about our people. This is the great power of ten years' meditation of every master on all fronts. It is this power that pushes him forward...<br />
<br />
I don't want to describe how much foreign exchange has been saved for the country by each ship and voyage, because readers know better than me. That is more than tens of thousands... I just want to say: How did Bei Hanting make a leap from a captain to a master after ten years of political storms. Because he always thought about our people. This was the great power of ten years' meditation of every master on all fronts. It was this power that pushed him forward...<br />
<br />
“邓小平式的船长”<br />
<br />
"A Deng Xiaoping-style Captain"<br />
<br />
"A Deng Xiaoping-style Captain"<br />
<br />
中美建交,邓小平同志访问美国引起了巨大的轰动。<br />
<br />
When the diplomatic relations between China and the United States was established, Comrade Deng Xiaoping's visit to the United States caused a great sensation.<br />
<br />
When the diplomatic relations between China and the United States was established, Comrade Deng Xiaoping's visit to the United States caused a great sensation.<br />
<br />
中美航线打通了。好钢用在刀刃上,公司把首航美国的任务交给了贝汉廷,把他调到“柳林海号”。<br />
<br />
The Sino-US air route has been developed. Just like good steel should be used to make blades, talents should also be dispatched to do indispensable things. So the company gave Bei Hanting the task of sailing across the United States the first time and transferred him to the LIULINHAI.<br />
<br />
The Sino-US ship route had been opened. Just like good steel should be used to make blades, talents should also be dispatched to do indispensable things. So the company gave Bei Hanting the task of sailing across the United States the first time and transferred him to the "LIULINHAI".<br />
<br />
但在“汉川号”的航线上,几乎各个港口都打听Captarn贝。有的转达港口的问候,有的诉说朋友的思念,有的跷起大拇指,有的说:“你们中国的船长都像他就好了。”<br />
<br />
However, on the route of the Hanchuan, almost people in every port inquired about Captarn Bei. Some conveyed greetings from the port; some told friends' longing for him; some raised their thumbs, and some said, "I wish you Chinese captains are like him."<br />
<br />
However, on the route of the "Hanchuan", almost people in every port inquired about Captain Bei. Some conveyed greetings from the port; some told friends' longing for him; some raised their thumbs, and some said, "I wish you Chinese captains are all like him."<br />
<br />
“汉川号”实习船长、大副甄永祥同志告诉我:汉堡港的理货组长库克和装卸公司的威利先生干脆说贝汉廷是“邓小平式的船长” 。<br />
<br />
Comrade Zhen Yongxiang, the intern captain and Chief Officer of the Hanchuan, told me that Cook, the tally leader of the Port of Hamburg, and Mr. Willie of the Stevedoring Company even said that Bei Hanting was a "Deng Xiaoping-style captain".<br />
<br />
Comrade Zhen Yongxiang, the intern captain and Chief Officer of the "Hanchuan", told me that Cook, the tally leader of the Port of Hamburg, and Mr. Willie of the Stevedoring Company even said that Bei Hanting was a "Deng Xiaoping-style captain".<br />
<br />
为什么库克先生们给他这样高的评价?只是因为邓小平首访美国,他首航美国的偶然机缘吗?当然不是!<br />
<br />
Why did Mr. Cook think highly of him? Is it just because of Deng Xiaoping's first visit to the United States and his maiden voyage to the United States by chance? Of course not!<br />
<br />
Why did Mr. Cook think highly of him? Was it just because of Deng Xiaoping's first visit to the United States and his maiden voyage to the United States by chance? Of course not!<br />
<br />
大副和水手们津津有味地给我讲开了故事:<br />
<br />
The Chief Officer and the sailors told me the story with relish:<br />
<br />
The Chief Officer and the sailors told me the story with relish:<br />
<br />
有一次,“汉川号”将到亚历山大港卸货。这个港口在苏伊士运河入口处,经常停泊着上百条等待泊位的各国船只,搞不好一等就得几十天。于是,贝汉廷在途中就接二连三地给港口代理打电话,以便让“汉川号”这三个字一再冲击所有有关人员的脑细胞,加深他们的印象。并且他翻检了自己记忆的仓库和笔记本,理清了这个港口必须打交道的一系列人物的姓名、年龄、脾气秉性、特殊爱好、办事方式……<br />
<br />
On one occasion, the Hanchuan unloaded at Alexandria, situating at the entrance of Suez Canal, where hundreds of ships from all over the world waited for berths, which may take several days. Therefore, Bei Hanting called the port agent many times on the way, so that the word "Hanchuan" could be remembered. And he went through his memory storehouse and notebook, and sorted out the names, ages, tempers, special hobbies and ways of doing things of many people that he must deal with in this port...<br />
<br />
On one occasion, the "Hanchuan" unloaded at the Port of Alexandria, situated at the entrance of Suez Canal, where hundreds of ships from all over the world waited for berths, which may take several days. Therefore, Bei Hanting called the port agent many times on the way, so that the word "Hanchuan" could be remembered. And he went through his memory storehouse and notebook, and sorted out the names, ages, tempers, special hobbies and ways of doing things of many people that he must deal with in this port...<br />
<br />
抵港后,他就直奔港务局,拜访港务局长。他是那样熟悉地称呼着局长的名字,顺利地通过了门岗,又那样亲密地和港务局长谈着家常。当他最后提出要求快速装卸时,局长说:“怎么这样急?你们中国人从来不在乎船期。”他说:“谁说的? 我们现在要搞四化,分秒必争哩!”港务局长像老朋友似的望着他笑。于是他熟练地和所有打交道的人交往着,尽快地办好一切手续,穿过各国彩色缤纷的泊船,用 一句古话说:“扬帆远航” 了,节约了二十多天船期。多么灵活,闪电也似的进击,不像个船长,倒像个军事家。<br />
<br />
After arriving in the port, he went straight to the Port Authority to visit the Director of Port. He called the director's name deftly, so he passed the gate smoothly, and talked with the port director so intimately. When he finally asked for quick loading and unloading, the director said, "Why is it so urgent? You Chinese never care about the shipping schedule." He said, "Who said that? We must carry out the Four Modernizations now, so every minute counts!" The director looked at him like an old friend and smiled. So he skillfully interacted with all the people he dealt with, completed all the formalities as soon as possible, and went through colorful berthing ships of various countries. As an old saying goes, "Setting sail for a long voyage", which saved more than 20 days of sailing. How flexible he was! He took actions like lightning, which made him like a strategist, not a captain. <br />
<br />
After arriving at the port, he went straight to the Port Authority to visit the Director of the Port. He called the director's name deftly, passed the gate smoothly, and talked with the port director so intimately. When he finally asked for quick loading and unloading, the director said, "Why is it so urgent? You Chinese never care about the shipping schedule." He said, "Who said that? We must carry out the Four Modernizations now, so every minute counts!" The director looked at him like an old friend and smiled. So he skillfully interacted with all the people he dealt with, completed all the formalities as soon as possible, and went through colorful berthing ships of various countries. As an old saying goes, "Setting sail for a long voyage", which saved more than 20 days of sailing. How flexible he was! He took actions like lightning, which made him like a strategist, not a captain.<br />
<br />
同“汉川号”一起,我们从国外一共买了四条船。保修期间,发现冷藏舱上有“汗水”,浸湿了货物。贝船长拍下了现场的照片,又请各个港口的验货师签署了证明,还用油漆在船上标出了“汗水”的位置,要回厂求返修。<br />
<br />
We have bought four ships from abroad, including the Hanchuan. During the warranty period, it was found that on the refrigerated compartment was "sweat", which soaked the goods. Captain Bei took photos of the scene, asked the inspectors of various ports to sign the supporting materials, and marked the position of "sweat" on the ship with paint, so he could go back to the factory for repair.<br />
<br />
We had bought four ships from abroad, including the "Hanchuan". During the warranty period, it was found that on the refrigerated compartment was "sweat", which soaked the goods. Captain Bei took photos of the scene, asked the inspectors of various ports to sign the supporting materials, and marked the position of "sweat" on the ship with paint, so he could go back to the factory for repair.<br />
<br />
船厂工程师抱着几尺厚的设计资料翻给他看,满嘴数字、专用名词,就是不肯返修,并说已有两条船来过厂,他们在冷藏舱内侧打了200个洞,找不出问题,已签字同意不返修了。<br />
<br />
The shipyard engineer turned over the design data several Chi (Chi is a unit of length in China) thick to him, full of numbers and special terms, but he refused to repair it. He said that two ships had been to the factory, and they had made 200 holes in the inside of the refrigerated cabin, but could not find any problems, so they signed and agreed not to repair ships.<br />
<br />
The shipyard engineer turned over the design data several Chi (Chi is a unit of length in China) thick to him, full of numbers and special terms, but he refused to repair it. He said that two ships had been to the factory, and they had made 200 holes on the inside of the refrigerated cabin, but could not find any problems, so they signed and agreed not to repair ships.<br />
<br />
“请你看我的船。”<br />
<br />
"Please look at my ship."<br />
<br />
"Please look at my ship."<br />
<br />
“你的船,绝缘体是举世无双的优质品。”<br />
<br />
"The insulator in your ship is unparalleled quality products in the world."<br />
<br />
"The insulators in your ship are unparalleled quality products in the world."<br />
<br />
“举世无双的优质品却搞出了前所罕见的’汗水’。”<br />
<br />
"The unparalleled quality products in the world have produced a rare 'sweat '."<br />
<br />
"The unparalleled quality products in the world have produced a rare 'sweat '."<br />
<br />
“理论上找不出任何错误。”<br />
<br />
"No mistakes can be found in theory."<br />
<br />
"No mistakes can be found in theory."<br />
<br />
“实践上就是‘汗水’浸坏了货物。”<br />
<br />
"In practice, 'sweat 'soaked the goods."<br />
<br />
"In practice, 'sweat 'soaked the goods."<br />
<br />
工程师有成百上千条理论根据,但贝汉廷有一叠ー叠的现实照片,证人签单。<br />
<br />
Engineers had hundreds of theories, but Bei Hanting had stacks of photos and bills signed by witnesses.<br />
<br />
Engineers had hundreds of theories, but Bei Hanting had stacks of photos and bills signed by witnesses.<br />
<br />
工程师火了:“找不出理论根据,就是不给修,这是国际惯例做法,合同上规定的。”<br />
<br />
The engineer was angry: "If you can't find a theoretical basis, I won't repair it. This is an international practice and stipulated in the contract."<br />
<br />
The engineer was angry: "If you can't find a theoretical basis, I won't repair it. This is an international practice, which is stipulated in the contract."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷也火了:“放下你那几尺厚的资料!我拼上几夜不睡也要查出根据来,你吓唬不住我!”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was also angry: "Put down your data a few Chi thick! I will find out the basis even if I don't sleep for a few nights. You can't scare me!"<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was also angry: "Put down your data a few Chi thick! I will find out the basis even if I don't sleep for a few nights. You can't scare me!"<br />
<br />
工程师像海水一样莫测高深,但是贝汉廷却像礁石一样坚硬,于是海水退潮了,留下了资料。<br />
<br />
Engineers were as unfathomable as seawater, but Bei Hanting was as hard as a reef, so the seawater ebbed, leaving behind information.<br />
<br />
Engineers were as unfathomable as seawater, but Bei Hanting was as hard as a reef, so the seawater ebbed, leaving behind the information.<br />
<br />
于是贝汉廷顽强地用血肉之躯去迎战冷冰冰的数据。这毕竟是专而又专的船舶冷藏业务啊！热学、力学、钢铁、绝缘……几十门学科。但血肉之躯也自有它的好处,那就是它有主观能动性。贝汉廷分析着各个不同的数据,寻找着规律,终于抓住了矛盾的牛鼻子。为什么在冷冻舱的各个部位绝缘体都是!80毫米厚,而横梁部分的绝缘体只有90毫米?差距有一倍,这合理吗?贝汉廷一下子跳了起来, 跑到冷藏舱实地对照,油漆的印痕条条排列。果然,“汗水”出在横梁部位……<br />
<br />
So Bei Hanting stubbornly confronted the cold data with his flesh and blood. After all, this was a ship refrigeration business, which was difficult for a layman to understand! Heat, mechanics, steel, insulation... dozens of disciplines. But a person also had its own advantages, that was, he had subjective initiative. Bei Hanting analyzed different data, looked for laws, and finally found the problem. Why were insulators in every part of the freezer 180 mm thick, while the insulator of the beam part was only 90 mm? Was it reasonable? Bei Hanting jumped up at once and ran to the refrigerator for field comparison. The marks of paint were arranged in strips. Sure enough, "sweat" came out of the beam...<br />
<br />
So Bei Hanting stubbornly confronted the cold data with his flesh and blood. After all, this was a ship refrigeration business, which was difficult for a layman to understand! Heat, mechanics, steel, insulation... dozens of disciplines. But a person also had its own advantages, that was, he had subjective initiative. Bei Hanting analyzed different data, looked for laws, and finally found the problem. Why were insulators in every part of the freezer 180 mm thick, while the insulator of the beam part was only 90 mm? Was it reasonable? Bei Hanting jumped up at once and ran to the refrigerator for field comparison. The marks of paint were arranged in strips. Sure enough, "sweat" came out of the beam...<br />
<br />
把工程师请了回来,工程师先是点头后是摇头:“没想到啊！没想到问题出在这里!”<br />
<br />
When the engineer was invited back, he first nodded and then shook his head: "I didn't expect it! I didn't expect the problem to be here!"<br />
<br />
When the engineer was invited back, he first nodded and then shook his head: "I didn't expect it! I didn't expect the problem to be here!"<br />
<br />
怎么办?返修呗！船厂工人连续开了几个夜班,加铺了一层绝缘体,加铺了一层甲板。<br />
<br />
What to do? Repair it! Shipyard workers worked several night shifts in succession to lay an insulator and a deck.<br />
<br />
What to do? Repair it! Shipyard workers worked several night shifts in succession to add an insulator and a deck.<br />
<br />
这条船修好了,其他的呢?工程师听也不要听。于是,贝汉廷去见总经理。<br />
<br />
This ship has been repaired. What about the others? Engineers didn’t even think about them. So Bei Hanting went to see the general manager.<br />
<br />
This ship had been repaired. What about the others? Engineers didn’t want to hear them. So Bei Hanting went to see the general manager.<br />
<br />
总经理说:“那两条船已经双方签过字,免修了。”<br />
<br />
The general manager said, "The two ships have been signed by both parties and are exempted from repair."<br />
<br />
The general manager said, "The two ships have been signed by both parties and are exempted from repair."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“但道理不是一样吗?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "But it makes sense for all ships?"<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "But it makes sense for all ships?"<br />
<br />
总经理说:“你知道你这一条船返修用了我多少美金?上20万哩!”<br />
<br />
The general manager said, "Do you know how many dollars I spent on repairing your ship? Up to 200,000 dollars!"<br />
<br />
The general manager said, "Do you know how many dollars I spent on repairing your ship? Up to 200,000 dollars!"<br />
<br />
“我很抱歉,”贝汉廷说,“我知道四条船索赔,工厂损失是很大的。但如果不修好,那三条船在全世界航行,等于给你的厂做活广告。那样,你的损失不就更大了吗?”<br />
<br />
"I'm sorry," said Bei Hanting, "I know that if four ships claim compensation, the loss of the factory is very great. But if they are not repaired, those three ships will sail all over the world, which is equivalent to advertising your factory. Then, wouldn't your loss be even greater?"<br />
<br />
"I'm sorry," said Bei Hanting, "I know that if four ships claim compensation, the loss of the factory is very great. But if they are not repaired, those three ships will sail all over the world, which is equivalent to advertising your factory. Then, wouldn't your loss be even greater?"<br />
<br />
总经理先是摇头,后是点头,最后抬起头来打量这个个子小小的Captain贝,欣赏起这个好当家人来了。真是:第一流的头脑,外加一副铁腕,好一个铁腕人物啊! 四条船冷藏舱设备返修共花了船厂72万美金哩！<br />
<br />
The general manager shook his head first, then nodded, and finally looked up at the small Captain Bei and appreciated the good expert. He had excellent mind, powerful control. What a strong person! It costed the shipyard 720,000 US dollars to repair the refrigerated cabin equipment of the four ships!<br />
<br />
The general manager shook his head first, then nodded, and finally looked up at the small Captain Bei and appreciated the good expert. He had excellent mind, powerful control. What a strong person! It costed the shipyard 720,000 US dollars to repair the refrigerated cabin equipment of the four ships!<br />
<br />
水手们还十分钦佩地讲起了大吊的故事:<br />
<br />
The sailors also told the story of the cargo handling gear with great admiration:<br />
<br />
The sailors also told the story of the cargo handling gear with great admiration:<br />
<br />
在意大利,好像是热那亚港,港口当时正好没岸吊。过去都是借用船上的大吊,喏,用就用呗！好像是已成惯例了。但贝汉廷反复研究各港口的资料,发现那是不合理的。<br />
<br />
In Italy, it seems to be the Port of Genoa, which happened to have no shore tackle at that time. In the past, people in the Port of Genoa used to borrow the cargo handling gear on board. Well, it didn’t matter! It seemed to have become a routine. However, Bei Hanting repeatedly studied the data of various ports and found that it was unreasonable.<br />
<br />
In Italy, it seemed to be the Port of Genoa, which happened to have no shore tackle at that time. In the past, people in the Port of Genoa used to borrow the cargo handling gear on board. Well, it didn’t matter! It seemed to have become a routine. However, Bei Hanting repeatedly studied the data of various ports and found that it was unreasonable.<br />
<br />
于是他向代理提出:应由货主付费。代理说:“过去都不付呀!”<br />
<br />
So he proposed to the agent that the owner of goods should pay. The agent said, "They didn't pay in the past!"<br />
<br />
So he proposed to the agent that the owner of goods should pay. The agent said, "They didn't pay in the past!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“但那是不合理的。”<br />
<br />
"But that doesn't make sense," Bei Hanting said.<br />
<br />
"But that doesn't make sense," Bei Hanting said.<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“你想,买这条船时,大吊是船价的十分之一。用了我的大吊,使了我的人工,磨损了我的钢缆……难道不付费是合理的吗?”<br />
<br />
"Think about it. When you buy a ship, the cargo handling gear is one tenth of the price of the ship. They used my gear, needed my seamen and worn my steel cable... Is it reasonable not to pay?"<br />
<br />
"Think about it. When you buy a ship, the cargo handling gear is one tenth of the price of the ship. They used my gear, needed my seamen and worn my steel cable... Is it reasonable not to pay?"<br />
<br />
“是不够合理。那好,我去和货主谈谈。”第二天代理来讲,货主同意了,因为 他如不同意付大吊费,他就得到港口申请岸吊,同样得付费用,而且还得等着调配。<br />
<br />
"It’s not reasonable enough. Well, I'll talk to the owner." The next day, the agent said, the owner agreed, because if he didn't agree to pay the fee, he had to go to the port to apply for shore tackle, so he had to pay the same fee, and wait for the deployment.<br />
<br />
"It’s not reasonable enough. Well, I'll talk to the owner." The next day, the agent said, the owner agreed, because if he didn't agree to pay the fee, he had to go to the port to apply for shore tackle, so he had to pay the same fee, and wait for the deployment.<br />
<br />
第一次大吊费拿到了,有好几万外汇呢!拿到之后,贝汉廷立刻要求以书面形式,将它作为制度固定下来。<br />
<br />
For the first time, they got the fee of using cargo handling gear, which brought them tens of thousands of foreign currencies! After that, Bei Hanting immediately demanded that this had to be fixed as a system in writing.<br />
<br />
For the first time, they got the fee of using cargo handling gear, which brought them tens of thousands of foreign currencies! After that, Bei Hanting immediately demanded that this had to be fixed as a system in writing.<br />
<br />
拿到书面材料之后,贝汉廷代表公司和代理谈判,要求所有的中国船以后一律 按此办理。<br />
<br />
After receiving the written materials, Bei Hanting, on behalf of the company, negotiated with the agent and asked all Chinese ships to follow this procedure in the future.<br />
<br />
After receiving the written materials, Bei Hanting, on behalf of the company, negotiated with the agent and asked all Chinese ships to follow this procedure in the future.<br />
<br />
代理说:“你的船,我保证每次如此,但别的船……”<br />
<br />
The agent said, " I can promise your ship’s fees every time, but as for other ships..."<br />
<br />
The agent said, " I can promise your ship's fees every time, but as for other ships..."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“道理不是ー样的吗? ”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "But it makes sense for all ships."<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "But it makes sense for all ships."<br />
<br />
谈判的结果,是拿到了港方的书面合同。贝汉廷立即把这份材料寄回上海,由公司报总公司,向世界其他港口交涉,一律照此办理。<br />
<br />
As a result of the negotiation, a written contract from the port was obtained. Bei Hanting immediately sent this material back to Shanghai, so the company reported it to the head office who negotiated with other ports in the world that all of them should do it.<br />
<br />
As a result of the negotiation, a written contract from the port was obtained. Bei Hanting immediately sent this material back to Shanghai, so the company reported it to the head office who negotiated with other ports in the world that all of them should do it.<br />
<br />
多么精细,多么科学!完全是科学家的逻辑!然而又多么灵活,多么有办法, 简直像个出色的外交家。<br />
<br />
How delicate and scientific! It's entirely the logic of scientists! However, how flexible and resourceful he is! he is like an excellent diplomat.<br />
<br />
How delicate and scientific! It was entirely the logic of scientists! However, how flexible and resourceful he was! he was like an excellent diplomat.<br />
<br />
有一次……<br />
<br />
One time...<br />
<br />
One time...<br />
<br />
还有一次……<br />
<br />
There was another time...<br />
<br />
There was another time...<br />
<br />
可惜,无法在这里写下政委、大副、水手们向我讲述的所有的故事,我只能记下他们那钦佩的眼光、赞叹的话语——<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, I can't write down all the stories told to me by the political commissar, the Chief Officer and the sailors here. I can only write down their admiring eyes and words of admiration.<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, I can't write down all the stories told to me by the political commissar, the Chief Officer and the sailors here. I can only write down their admiring eyes and words of admiration.<br />
<br />
在海里,贝汉廷像一块冲不动的礁石。<br />
<br />
In the sea, Bei Hanting is like a rock that cannot be washed.<br />
<br />
In the sea, Bei Hanting is like a rock that cannot be washed.<br />
<br />
在岸上,贝汉廷是ー块千锤百炼的钢铁。<br />
<br />
On the shore, Bei Hanting is a piece of steel that has been hammered and tempered many times.<br />
<br />
On the shore, Bei Hanting is a piece of steel that has been hammered and tempered many times.<br />
<br />
开起船来,又多么潇洒。“汉川号”在他手里不像条船,倒像个芭蕾舞演员,是那样迷人的优美……<br />
<br />
How cool he is when sailing. The Hanchuan is not like a ship when he navigates it, but like a ballet dancer, charming and beautiful...<br />
<br />
How cool he is when sailing. The "Hanchuan" is not like a ship when he navigates it, but like a ballet dancer, charming and beautiful...<br />
<br />
水手们都习惯了,多大的风浪也没有人去向他报告。因为你报告:“九级风呢, 船长!”他会不动声色地看看海面:“有九级吗?我看还好嘛！”“八级浪了,船长!” 他仍不动声色地看看:“有八级吗?我看还好嘛!”贝汉廷懂得一个船长镇定自若的意义,于是再也没有人和他谈风浪问题了。<br />
<br />
Sailors were familiar with him, so no one reported to him about the storm. Because when you reported, "Strong gale, captain!" He would look at the sea calmly: "Is there a strong gale? I think it doesn’t matter" “The waves are very high, captain! "He still looked calmly:" “Are they very high? I think it doesn’t matter!” Bei Hanting understood the meaning of a captain's composure, so no one talked to him about wind and waves anymore.<br />
<br />
Sailors were familiar with him, so no one reported to him about the storm. Because when you reported, "Strong gale, captain!" He would look at the sea calmly: "Is there a strong gale? I think it doesn’t matter" “The waves are very high, captain! "He still looked calmly:" “Are they very high? I think it doesn’t matter!” Bei Hanting understood the meaning of a captain's composure, so no one talked to him about wind and waves anymore.<br />
<br />
只有我这个外行,反复问他:“你老是’还好,还好‘,可几级风浪船就会沉呢?”他沉思地看着我说:“多大的风浪也不会让万吨轮沉的,只有船本身的损坏才会沉船。而只有不懂得船也不懂得大海的船长才会把船搞坏,把船搞沉。”<br />
<br />
Only I, a layman, repeatedly asked him: "You always say ‘It doesn’t matter’, but what kind of storms will sink the ship?" He looked at me thoughtfully and said, "They won’t sink the over 10,000-ton ship. Only the damage of the ship itself will sink a ship. And only the master who doesn't know the ship or the sea will break the ship and sink it."<br />
<br />
Only I, a layman, repeatedly asked him: "You always say ‘It doesn’t matter’, but what kind of storms will sink the ship?" He looked at me thoughtfully and said, "They won’t sink the ship over 10,000 tons. Only the damage of the ship itself will sink a ship. And only the master who doesn't know the ship or the sea will break the ship and sink it."<br />
<br />
好一个“只有不懂得船也不懂得大海的船长オ会把船搞沉”!而船长,master,在做形容词用时,又意味着熟练、精通。<br />
<br />
His words surprised me! And master, when used as an adjective, means skilled and proficient.<br />
<br />
His words surprised me! And the "master", when used as an adjective, also means skilled and proficient.<br />
<br />
“He is master of his business。”可以这样说:作为国家领导人之一的邓小平和作为船长的贝汉廷,对自己的业务都是那样熟练、精通;面对各自的风浪又都同样镇定自若,勇于驾驭;偏偏在他们各自的航程中,又都具有那种百折不挠、鞠躬尽瘁的主人翁态度。这就难怪贝汉廷有了这样ー个光荣的称号——“邓小平式的船长”。谁能说库克先生们没有眼力呢?<br />
<br />
"He is master of his business." It can be said that Deng Xiaoping, one of the national leaders, and Bei Hanting, a master, are so skilled and proficient in their own business. In the face of their own storms, they are equally calm and brave in controlling things. It happened that in their respective voyages, they all had the attitude of being masters with perseverance and dedication. It is no wonder that Bei Hanting has such a glorious title as "a Deng Xiaoping-style Captain". Who can say that Mr. Cook doesn’t know how to find a talent?<br />
<br />
海员风度<br />
<br />
Seamanship<br />
<br />
"SOS”！ “SOS”！！ “SOS"! ! !<br />
<br />
塞浦路斯商船“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”不断发出紧急呼号。<br />
<br />
Eleyna's Hope, a merchant ship of the Republic of Cyprus, kept sending out emergency calls.<br />
<br />
船长伊柯优斯眼看这艘28年的超龄船,在九级大风袭击中主机不能运转,全船失去控制,海底阀裂损,大量海水涌入机舱,已齐人脖颈,决定发出弃船求救信号。<br />
<br />
Captain Ikeus saw that the 28-year-old ship could not be operated in a strong gale, the whole ship lost control, the submarine valve was cracked, and a large amount of seawater poured into the engine room, leading to neck-deep sea water. He decided to send out a distress signal for abandoning the ship.<br />
<br />
"SOS”！ “SOS”！！ “SOS"! ! !<br />
<br />
全体船员及一名家属已下到救生小艇,小艇被巨浪颠簸得直上直下,完全没有行驶能力。在望远镜里看见远远一只船影,水手们用全部生命凝视着,但黑影渐渐消失。可能是风浪太大,他们自己也在危险之中,不能靠近。<br />
<br />
The crew and a family member have got off the life-saving boat, which was bumped up and down by huge waves and completely incapable of being driven. The sailors saw a distant ship shadow in the telescope, and they pinned all their hopes on it and stared at it, but the shadow gradually disappeared. It may be that the wind and waves were too strong, and they were also in danger, so they can't get close.<br />
<br />
又是一个黑影远远驶去,又是一个远远的黑影……也可能那只是自己希望的幻影吧,船员们已失去获救的信心……<br />
<br />
Another dark shadow was far away, and another... Maybe it was just an illusion of their hope, so the crew has lost confidence in being rescued...<br />
<br />
“滴滴滴,答答答,滴滴滴厂’“汉川号”的一个年轻报务员在呼啸的风暴声中突然收到了“SOS”的求救信号。贝汉廷一跃而起,到海图室查明了难船失事位置,他立即命令:“全体船员进入岗位准备抢救厂’“满舵！全速进!”超高频无线电话从此不断呼叫:“艾琳娜斯霍浦号！我是中国船’汉川号’！前来救助,请回答,请回答！！”<br />
<br />
"Beep, beep, beep!" A young radio operator of the Hanchuan suddenly received a distress signal of “SOS” in the howling storm. Bei Hanting jumped up and went to the chart room to find out the location of the shipwreck. He immediately ordered: "All crew members prepare to rescue another ship!" "Hard rudder! Go forward at full speed!" The UHF wireless telephone has been called all the time since then: "Eleyna's Hope! I am the Chinese ship Hanchuan! We come to rescue you, please answer, please answer!!"<br />
<br />
一片静默。遇难船早已失去全部通讯能力。<br />
<br />
There was silence. The wrecked ship has long lost all communication capability.<br />
<br />
当“汉川号”驶近难船时,只见它船身已右倾三十多度,船尾下沉。在十分危险的状态里,正在狂风暴雪中哑然下沉,下沉……当“汉川号”好不容易驶近救生 艇时,一个压顶巨浪把它打回遇难船的舷旁去了。四次驶近,四次打开,贝汉廷下令在它周围游弋等待。直到ー个多小时后,第五次驶近时,老水手王敬元一直捏在手中的粗尼龙撇缆绳,オ好像脱弦之箭顶风穿雪疾飞过去,被难船水手接住……<br />
<br />
When the Hanchuan approached the shipwreck, its hull had turned more than 30 degrees to the right and its stern sank. In a very dangerous state, it was sinking in the storm and a blizzard... When the Hanchuan finally approached the lifeboat, a huge wave slapped against it back to the side of the wrecked ship’s starboard. They had tried four times, but they failed, so Bei Hanting ordered to wait around it. After more than an hour later, when they approached for the fifth time, the thick nylon cable in the hands of the experienced sailor Wang Jingyuan was thrown, as if it was an arrow taking off the string and flying through the snow against the wind and it was caught by sailors of the shipwreck...<br />
<br />
这时,只有这时,贝汉廷才腾出空儿来回答整个地中海东部塞得港、马耳他、雅典、塞浦路斯电台及附近船舶的互相呼号:“我是中国’汉川号’,现在’艾琳娜斯霍浦号’的船员已安全登上我船,请放心,谢谢……”<br />
<br />
At this time, and at this time, Bei Hanting answered the calls of all the eastern Mediterranean, Port Said, Malta, Athens, Cyprus radio stations and nearby ships: "I am the Chinese Hanchuan, and now the crew of the Eleyna's Hope have safely boarded my ship. Please rest assured, thank you...”<br />
<br />
但是,“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”船长伊柯优斯却迟迟不肯上到“汉川号”。他和三个船员留在他的小艇中一再坚持靠拢难船。贝汉廷在风浪中再三向他疾呼:“危险! 危险! !”但看到他那样坚持,考虑到他仍坐在自己的救生艇上,他还是“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”的船长,有权做出自己的决定。因此只能劝慰他:“作为一个船长,我很了解你的处境和心情。我一定在旁守护,在旁守护!在旁一守护!！”小艇时起时伏 地在巨浪的峰波间摇晃着离去!“汉川号”始终在旁边巡回游弋……<br />
<br />
However, Ikeus, the captain of the Eleyna's Hope, refused to get on the Hanchuan. He and three crew members stayed in his boat and insisted on getting close to the shipwreck again and again. Bei Hanting repeatedly cried to him in the wind and waves: "Danger! Danger!!" But seeing his insistence, Bei considers that he is still sitting in his lifeboat, and he is still the captain of the Eleyna's Hope and has the right to make his own decisions. Therefore, he can only comfort him: "As a captain, I know your situation and mood very well. I will guard you, guard you! Guard you by the side!!" From time to time, the boat swayed away between the huge crested waves! The Hanchuan was always touring around...<br />
<br />
17点多,夜幕即将降临,九级的西北风把浪和雪卷上阴暗的高空,风在白茫茫的海上打转,海浪呼啸怒吼,贝汉廷开始忧虑地用汽笛和高音喇叭招呼那位守职的船长。17点24分,小艇终于再次靠近“汉川号”。贝汉廷特地到甲板上去迎接这位不幸的希腊同行。当伊柯优斯得知“汉川号”正在驶往伦敦途中时,他一再要求:<br />
<br />
At more than 17 o'clock, night was about to come, and the strong northwest gale swept the waves and snow up into the dark sky. The wind swirled in the white sea, and the waves roared. Bei Hanting began to greet the captain who kept his duty anxiously with his whistle and loudspeaker. At 17:24, the boat finally approached the Hanchuan again. Bei Hanting went to the deck to meet the unfortunate Greek counterpart. When Ikeus learned that the Hanchuan was on its way to London, he repeatedly asked:<br />
<br />
“请继续留在遇险船边,因为我必须守候它沉没。在它沉没后,请把我和我的 船员送到希腊克里特岛登岸。”<br />
<br />
"Please stay by the ship in distress, because I must wait for it to sink. After it sinks, please send me and my crew to Crete, Greece."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷,这位在他的航海日志上没有误过一天航期的船长,抢船期抢得没有一次是在港口休息日停泊记录的精细至极的船长,这时却毫不迟疑地答应了。考虑到<br />
<br />
==卷二：1.目录 Volume2: 1. Contents==<br />
<br />
卷一<br />
<br />
Volume One<br />
<br />
序 李炳银/001<br />
<br />
Preface by Li Bingyin/001<br />
<br />
哥德巴赫猜想 徐 迟/001<br />
<br />
Goldbach’s Conjecture by Xu Chi/001<br />
<br />
船长 柯岩/021<br />
<br />
Master by Ke Yan/021<br />
<br />
痴情 理由/040<br />
<br />
Obsession by Li You/040<br />
<br />
中国姑娘 鲁光/ 086<br />
<br />
Chinese Girls by Lu Guang/086<br />
<br />
三门李逸闻 乔迈/ 138<br />
<br />
Sanmen Li Anecdotes by Qiao Mai/138<br />
<br />
胡杨泪 孟晓云/ 150<br />
<br />
Tears of Populus Euphratica by Meng Xiaoyun/150<br />
<br />
原野在呼唤 王兆军/ 163<br />
<br />
The Fields Were Calling by Wang Zhaojun/163<br />
<br />
热血男儿 李士非/ 183<br />
<br />
Hot-blooded Man by Li Shifei/183<br />
<br />
卷二<br />
<br />
Volume Two<br />
<br />
中国农民大趋势（节选）李延国/219<br />
<br />
General Trend for Chinese Farmers (Excerpt) by Li Yanguo/219<br />
<br />
理论狂人 陈祖芬/261<br />
<br />
Theory Fanatic by Chen Zufen/261<br />
<br />
神圣忧思录 张 敏/283<br />
<br />
A Deliberation on the Divine by Zhang Min/283<br />
<br />
强国梦（节选）赵瑜/315<br />
<br />
The Dream of Great Power (Excerpt) by Zhao Yu/315<br />
<br />
伐木者,醒来!（节选）徐 刚/358<br />
<br />
Wake up, Loggers! (Excerpt) by Xu Gang/358<br />
<br />
步鑫生现象的反思 周嘉俊/397 <br />
<br />
Reflection on the Bu Xinsheng Phenomenon by Zhou Jiajun/397<br />
<br />
卷三<br />
<br />
Volume Three<br />
<br />
昆山之路 杨守松/ 425<br />
<br />
The Road to Kunshan by Yang Shousong/425<br />
<br />
飞向太空港（节选）李鸣生/465<br />
<br />
Flying to the Spaceport (Excerpt) by Li Mingsheng/465<br />
<br />
东方风来满眼春 陈锡添/526<br />
<br />
Vigor of Spring Greets the Eyes as the Warm Wind Comes by Chen Xitian/526<br />
<br />
好梦将圆时 江永红/539<br />
<br />
When Good Dreams Come True by Jiang Yonghong/539<br />
<br />
智慧风暴（节选）王宏甲/573<br />
<br />
The Storm of Wisdom (Excerpt) by Wang Hongjia/573<br />
<br />
卷四<br />
<br />
Volume Four<br />
<br />
4万:400万的牵挂 张雅文/ 625<br />
<br />
Zhang Yawen/625<br />
<br />
香港回归祖国10周年回眸 长 江/ 670<br />
<br />
A Look Back at the 10th Anniversary of Hong Kong's Return to China by Chang Jiang/670<br />
<br />
木棉花开 李春雷/695<br />
<br />
Kapok in Bloom by Li Chunlei/695<br />
<br />
休息的革命（缩写本）王宏甲 刘 建/716<br />
<br />
Revolution of Rest by Wang Hongjia (Abridged version), Liu Jian/716<br />
<br />
闪着泪光的事业 蒋 巍/758<br />
<br />
The Career with Tears by Jiang Wei/758<br />
<br />
让百姓做主 朱晓军 李英/ 777<br />
<br />
Let Common People Decide by Zhu Xiaojun, Li Ying/777<br />
<br />
难回故里 郭冬/817<br />
<br />
Guo Dong/817<br />
<br />
卷五<br />
<br />
Volume Five<br />
<br />
国家 何建明/855<br />
<br />
The Country by He Jianming/855<br />
<br />
蛟龙探海（节选）许 晨/ 915<br />
<br />
Xu Chen/915<br />
<br />
袁隆平的世界（节选）陈启文/950<br />
<br />
Yuan Longping's World (Excerpt) by Chen Qiwen/950<br />
<br />
“神舟”天路 兰宁远/ 1011<br />
<br />
The Long Journey of“Shenzhou”to Space by Lan Ningyuan/1011<br />
<br />
智慧之翼 李青松/ 1044<br />
<br />
Intelligent Wing by Li Qingsong/1044<br />
<br />
附录 改革开放四十年优秀报告文学存目/ 1060<br />
<br />
==卷二：2.中国农民大趋势 Volume 2: 2.General Trend for Chinese Farmers==<br />
<br />
中国农民大趋势<br />
<br />
General Trend for Chinese Farmers<br />
<br />
胶东风情录（节选）<br />
<br />
Stories in Jiaodong (excerpt)<br />
<br />
李延国<br />
<br />
Li Yanguo<br />
<br />
第一章 相会在北京（I changed オ目 with 相）<br />
<br />
Chapter One Meeting in Beijing<br />
<br />
初春。北京电影制片厂。<br />
<br />
In early spring. In Beijing Film Studio.<br />
<br />
我住在这个厂招待所的一间斗室里,正没完没了地修改ー个电影文学剧本。 一天,值班室的服务员用扩音器通知我:有客人来找。<br />
<br />
I lived in a small room in this factory’s guest house, where I was constantly revising a film literature script. One day, the attendant in the duty room informed me through a megaphone that some guests came for me.<br />
<br />
我走下楼去。几个身穿呢料制服的男子汉正等候在那里。<br />
<br />
I went downstairs. Several men in woolen uniforms were waiting there.<br />
<br />
“弟弟!”我一下把他从人群中辨认出来,他那黝黑的、已经被岁月的犁铮犁出了沟痕的面孔,刚经修饰,显得容光焕发。他彬彬有礼地上前来同我握手,向我介绍同来的人们。他们的神采和装束使我大为惊讶,要知道,他们是文学概念中的“庄稼汉”呀!<br />
<br />
"Brother!" I recognized him from the crowd at once. His dark face, which had been furrowed by the plows of years, had just been taken good care of, so he looked radiant. He came politely to shake hands with me and introduce me to the people who came with him. Their looks and costumes surprised me greatly. You know, they are "plowmen" if you describe them with the words in literature! <br />
<br />
“你们怎么来的?”<br />
<br />
"How did you come?"<br />
<br />
“自己带的车!”他指指外面的“吉普”。<br />
<br />
"My own car!" He pointed to the Jeep outside.<br />
<br />
两千多里路,他们竟然坐上了“专车”。<br />
<br />
There were more than 2,000 miles, but they should enjoy the tailored taxi service.<br />
<br />
“你们要去哪里?”<br />
<br />
"Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“深圳!”<br />
<br />
"Shenzhen!"<br />
<br />
“到深圳做什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are you doing in Shenzhen?"<br />
<br />
“考察!”<br />
<br />
"Investigation!"<br />
<br />
故乡,在我的情思里,那是黄昏的茅屋上一缕淡淡的炊烟,那是黎明的原野上一声悠长的牛叫,那是父亲头上一顶破了边的草帽,那是母亲褪色的衣襟上一块杂色补丁,那是弟弟一双饥饿的眼睛,那是妹妹辫子上一根粗糙的头绳……眼前的景象,使我无法和过去联系起来。<br />
<br />
I had a lingering affection for my hometown. When the thought of it came to me, a faint wisp of smoke from kitchen chimneys on the hut at dusk, a long cow bark on the plain at dawn, a straw hat with a broken edge on my father's head, a variegated patch on my mother's faded skirt, a pair of eyes of my younger brother showing his hunger, and a rough head band on my sister's braid sprang to my mind... But the sight before me made me unable to connect it with the past.<br />
<br />
“你们办好去边境的手续了吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have you completed the formalities for going to the border?"<br />
<br />
“办好了！”<br />
<br />
"Yes!"<br />
<br />
“坐火车去吗?”<br />
<br />
"Will you go by train?"<br />
<br />
“不,坐飞机去!”<br />
<br />
"No, we’ll go by plane!"<br />
<br />
“你们是怎样买到飞机票的?”<br />
<br />
"How did you get air tickets?"<br />
<br />
“作家协会的一位同志帮忙买的。”<br />
<br />
"A comrade of the China Writers Association helped us to buy it."<br />
<br />
我从一个农民走上文坛,足足用了二十多年的工夫,那是一条漫长的路,我仿佛觉得,这条路已经离开家乡很远很远,不料想,兄弟们斜刺里从青纱帐杀了出来, 竟一下子冲进了这个世界的核心部位。<br />
<br />
It took me more than 20 years to walk into the literary world from a farmer. It was a long road, on which I seemed to feel that I had left my hometown for a long time. Unexpectedly, my brothers ran from a field suddenly and rushed into the core of the world at once.<br />
<br />
他们这一行,是由年轻的镇委书记谢玉堂带领的,其中包括已经声名大震的农民企业家李德海等。他们去深圳不仅是为了开开眼界,原来家乡在那里是投了资的,一甩手拿出几十万、上百万元,现在他们将以“股东”的身份走在深圳繁华的街市上,从那个窗口去瞭望世界!<br />
<br />
They are led by Xie Yutang, a young Township Committee secretary, and they are accompanied by Li Dehai, a famous farmer entrepreneur. They go to Shenzhen not only to widen their horizons. Originally, our hometown invested hundreds of thousands and millions of yuan there, so now they will walk in the bustling Shenzhen as shareholders and look at the world from that window!<br />
<br />
我不知该怎样招待他们这些“天外来客”。<br />
<br />
I didn't know how to entertain these "men who fell to earth".<br />
<br />
我忽然想到了我的优势:“我领你们去看看摄影棚吧,里面在拍电影,挺好玩的。”<br />
<br />
I suddenly thought of a things I was good at: "Let me show you the studio, where movies are being made, which is quite fun."<br />
<br />
他们一行人顿时变成了“中国农民电影考察团”,随我向摄影棚走去。艺术对他们曾是遥远的、朦胧的,今天他们要走近前去看个仔细。<br />
<br />
They suddenly turned into a "Chinese Farmers Film Investigation Group" and followed me to the studio. Art used to be far away and obscure to them. Today they should come closer and take a closer look.<br />
<br />
我们被挡在摄影棚巨大的铁门外边,这里的制度是严格的,参观的人需经厂保卫科批准。<br />
<br />
We were kept out of the huge iron gate of the studio. The system here was strict, and visitors need to be approved by the factory security department.<br />
<br />
“中国农民电影考察团”被尴尬地晒在那里。<br />
<br />
The "Chinese Farmers Film Investigation Group" was embarrassed there.<br />
<br />
我忽然又想起了另ー个优势:“去看看'北影一条街’吧！”<br />
<br />
I suddenly remembered another place I was familiar with: "Let’s visit the Beijing Film Studio Street!"<br />
<br />
“北影一条街”是ー个半永久性的露天布景,坐落在厂院后区,巧夺天工的美工师们在这里搭起了具有古典风格的店铺、楼阁、墙垒。走在这里,像走进了陈旧的岁月之中。《垂帘听政》《海囚》《双雄会》《骆驼祥子》等等许多撼动人心的历史场面都是在这里拍摄出来的,中国农民在这里扮演了屈辱和失败的角色！<br />
<br />
It was a semi-permanent open-air set, which was located in the back area of the factory yard, where wonderful art designers set up shops, pavilions and walls with classical style. Walking here was like walking into the past. Many shocking historical scenes, such as Holding Court from behind a Screen, Captives, Shuang Xiong Hui and Camel Xiangzi, were filmed here, where Chinese farmers played the role of humiliation and failure!<br />
<br />
农民兄弟们巨大的步幅,很快把这一条小小的街道丈量完了,他们好奇地转到布景的后面,ー个个不禁哑然失笑:“都是假的呀!”<br />
<br />
They made huge strides so that they quickly visited this small street. They turned curiously to the back of the set, and all of them couldn't help laughing: "It's all fake!"<br />
<br />
没有什么事情能唤起他们的兴趣。我决意尽主人之道,把他们领到北影小食堂狠狠来上一顿,花个三十二十的！<br />
<br />
Nothing can arouse their interest. I was determined to do the honors, and lead them to our canteen to have a good meal, which will cost twenty or thirty yuan!<br />
<br />
“不,跟我们去吧！”他们反客为主。<br />
<br />
"No, come with us!" They turned passivity into activity.<br />
<br />
“去哪里?”<br />
<br />
"Where?"<br />
<br />
“小洞天,西餐!”<br />
<br />
"Xiaodongtian, which sells western food!"<br />
<br />
我简直是五体投地！我想象不出来,他们是怎么睁大寻觅的眼睛,在偌大的北京城找到了那个藏在地缝里的“小洞天”的。<br />
<br />
I swept my feet by them! I couldn't imagine how they kept their eyes wide open to find it hidden in the crevice of the ground in the vast Beijing.<br />
<br />
我的兄弟们在我面前变得陌生了,这一切变化是怎样开始的?是谁给了他们这新的风采、新的气质?<br />
<br />
My brothers have become strangers before me. How did all this change begin? Who gave them this new style and temperament?<br />
<br />
他们似乎在追赶着什么一乘上飞机,用超音速……<br />
<br />
They seem to be chasing something by plane at supersonic speed...<br />
<br />
文学,将仰首注视他们!<br />
<br />
Literature will look up at them!<br />
<br />
中国,是世界上拥有农民最多的国家,谁不了解当代的中国农民的变化,谁就不了解当代的中国。<br />
<br />
China is the country with the largest number of farmers in the world. Whoever does not understand the changes of contemporary Chinese farmers will not understand contemporary China.<br />
<br />
传统的农民观念在我的头脑里发生了动摇。<br />
<br />
The traditional concept about farmers has shaken in my mind.<br />
<br />
到胶东去!<br />
<br />
Go to Jiaodong!<br />
<br />
到故乡去!<br />
<br />
Go to hometown!<br />
<br />
第二章故乡之门<br />
<br />
Chapter 2 The Gate of Hometown<br />
<br />
烟台,我的故乡。<br />
<br />
Yantai is my hometown.<br />
<br />
据说,这是一个没有待业青年的城市。一位空军战斗英雄在这里担任副市长; 一位从北京招聘来的硕士研究生被委任为市委宣传部长（他们都是胶东的儿子）；留职停薪的教师开办旅游开发公司,市政府领导亲临剪彩;上海交通大学的几位校 友创办烟台思源新技术开发公司,经济学家于光远发来贺电;新建的电视台将于7月1日开播;集资兴办的综合性的烟台大学正在开挖地基;现代化的海上游乐园正在崆峒岛上破土动工;东郊的飞机场、西郊的高速公路正在筹建之中；那些农民办的饭店、旅馆、商场、烤鸭店、运输公司更是兴隆昌盛……真个是:昨梦乘风破浪去, 满山灯火是烟台。（I changed 啞桐 with 崆峒）<br />
<br />
It is said that this is a city without unemployed youth. An Air Force hero served as deputy mayor here. A graduate student recruited from Beijing was appointed as municipal party committee propaganda department minister (they are all residents of Jiaodong). Teachers who stayed without pay set up tourism development companies, and leaders of the municipal government cut the ribbon in person. Several alumni of Shanghai Jiaotong University founded Yantai Siyuan New Technology Development Company, and economist Yu Guangyuan sent a congratulatory message. The newly built TV station will start broadcasting on July 1. The comprehensive Yantai University, which received funds, is excavating the foundation. The modern sea amusement park is breaking ground on kongtong island. The airport in the eastern suburbs and the expressway in the western suburbs are under construction. Those restaurants, hotels, shopping malls, roast duck stores and transportation companies run by farmers are even more prosperous... No matter how rich they are, all they dream, miss and think about are Yantai.<br />
<br />
当天晚上,市委书记王济夫同志来到宾馆。凡来烟台的学者、作家、画家、书法 家、记者、编辑、科学家,他总要抽空来看望。他身上兼有军人的敏捷和学者的优雅,讲话却又充满诗人的激情,那浓重的乡音,又使我如见故里。<br />
<br />
That evening, Comrade Wang Jifu, Party Secretary, came to the hotel. He always takes time to visit scholars, writers, painters, calligraphers, journalists, editors and scientists who come to Yantai. He has the agility of a soldier and the elegance of a scholar, but his speech is full of the passion of a poet. When hearing his strong local accent, I feel like I’m in my hometown.<br />
<br />
他也是胶东当代的一个传奇人物。他一会儿身穿西服登上党代会的主席台,一会儿在宾馆和外商洽谈大型旅游服务系统的投资,一会儿又拉着商业局长深入个体饮食店解决原料供应,一会儿又到新成立的画院和画家们评论新作,一会儿又到某郊区县为农民企业家发表辩护演说……此刻为迎接对外开放,他刚刚从海湾对面的姊妹城市一大连考察回来,毫无倦意地坐在沙发上。<br />
<br />
He is also a contemporary legend in Jiaodong. He wore a suit and boarded the rostrum of the National Congress of the Communist Party of China. He discussed the investment of large-scale tourism service system with foreign businessmen in hotels. He took the commercial director to deeply understand individual restaurants to solve the supply of raw materials. He went to the newly established painting academy to comment on new works with painters. He went to a suburban county to give a defense speech for farmer entrepreneurs... At the moment, in order to embrace the opening to the outside world, he investigated in Dalian, a sister city across the bay, and just now he came back, sitting on the sofa without tiredness.<br />
<br />
“最近写些什么作品了?”他拍拍我刚送给他的《在这片国土上》的单行本,“你很少回家,应该回来看看我们这片乡土。这是一片烈士洒过鲜血的土地,今天发生了翻天覆地的变化。你应该看看农民怎样变成企业家的。”他边说边挥动手臂,仿佛这不是在屋里,而是在ー个视野开阔的制高点上,“'牟平七雄’’蓬莱八仙’’黄县五杰’’栖霞三能’……他们都是一窝子一窝子的。英雄无独有偶,都是竞争出来的。三中全会造就了一大批英雄,你应该去看看他们怎样跟着三中全会的旗帜, 改变了自己的命运。现在的家乡,可不是昔日的家乡了;现在的农业,可不是传统的农业了;现在的农民,可不是当年鲁迅笔下的阿Q、赵树理笔下的李有才,也不是高晓声笔下的陈奂生了。就是说,这个深刻变化不仅发生在地貌上、生产关系上, 也发生在人的灵魂深处,动摇了很多传统的东西……”<br />
<br />
"What have you written recently?" He patted the offprint In This Motherland I just gave him. "You seldom go home, so you should come back and see our native land. This is a land where martyrs have sacrificed their life, and the changes are beyond recognition today. You should see how farmers become entrepreneurs." As he spoke, he waved his arms, as if this was not in the house, but on a commanding height with a wide field of vision. "Seven Heroes in Muping, Eight Immortals in Penglai City, Five Heroes in Huang County and Three Advantages in Qixia... They all occur in our hometown. There is not only one hero. They are nurtured because of competition. The Third Plenary Session brought up a large number of heroes. You should see how they followed the directions of the Third Plenary Session and changed their own destiny. The present hometown is not the former one. Today's agriculture is not traditional agriculture. Today's farmers are not Ah Q written by Lu Xun, Li Youyu written by Zhao Shuli, or Chen Huansheng written by Gao Xiaosheng. That is to say, this profound change occurs not only in landform and production relations, but also in the depths of people's souls, changing many traditional things..."<br />
<br />
来也匆匆,去也匆匆。他走下楼去,站到汽车门前,海风掀起他黑色的衣襟,像鼓起的船帆。他回头说:<br />
<br />
He comes and goes in a hurry. He went downstairs and stood in front of the car. The sea breeze lifted his black clothes like a bulging sail. He turned back and said:<br />
<br />
“人是复杂的,文学也应该是复杂的。唱改革者之歌的时候,不要忘记他们的辛酸、他们的磨难。任何一项改革都不是在笔直的路上走的……”<br />
<br />
"People are complex, so should literature. When we are in the process of reform, we should not forget their bitterness and hardships. No reform is easy..."<br />
<br />
车走了,仲夏的海滨卷起一阵旋风。<br />
<br />
The car left, and a whirlwind rolled up on the seashore in midsummer.<br />
<br />
好有力的旋风啊!<br />
<br />
What a powerful whirlwind!<br />
<br />
第三章走进蓬莱仙境<br />
<br />
Chapter 3 Walking into Penglai Wonderland<br />
<br />
蓬莱阁上<br />
<br />
Penglai Pavilion<br />
<br />
——神话今说<br />
<br />
—Talking about Myth Today<br />
<br />
蓬莱,民族英雄戚继光的故乡,八仙过海传说的发祥地,你把魂魄凝聚在小小的蓬莱阁上。不是吗?要不,在这里只做过五天知府的苏东坡为什么留下了“东方云海空复空,群仙出没空明中”的诗句?为什么远离热土的老华侨要登临神堂烧上一炷香烛?为什么那些蓝眼睛的异国人要在参天的古柏前留一帧小照?<br />
<br />
Penglai City, the hometown of national hero Qi Jiguang and the place producing the legend of The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea, you condense your soul on the small Penglai Pavilion. Isn't it? Otherwise, why did Su Dongpo, who has only been a magistrate of a prefecture here for five days, leave the poem "I imagine clouds in the Eastern Sea is empty, but the immortals appear in quietness"? Why do old overseas Chinese who are far away from motherland go to the temple to burn incense? Why do those blue-eyed foreigners leave a small picture in front of ancient towering pine trees?<br />
<br />
在我登上这座建筑在民族心理上九百余年的仙阁时,适逢ー批外国友人乘兴游览,导游员刘妍,一位端庄聪颖的农民女儿（她爱好田径,学过武术,酷爱外语）,带领他们穿行在神话传说的历史中。<br />
<br />
When I stood in this fairy pavilion, which has been built for more than 900 years, it coincided with a group of foreign friends enjoying the tour. The tour guide Liu Yan, a dignified and intelligent woman whose father is a farmer (she loves athletics and foreign languages, and has studied martial arts), led them through the history of myths and legends.<br />
<br />
“请问刘小姐,这里为什么叫蓬莱呢?”<br />
<br />
"Excuse me, Miss Liu, why is this place called Penglai?"<br />
<br />
“据说,当年秦始皇为了求长生不老药,曾来到这里,他突然发现海里有一片赤色,就连忙问随行的方士:’那是什么?’方士答道:'那是仙岛。’秦始皇又问:'那仙岛叫什么名字?’方士回答不上来,慌乱中发现海水里有一片海草,'蓬’和'莱’都是草名,方士就顺ロ应付说:'蓬莱。’从此,蓬莱仙岛这个名字就流传开了……”<br />
<br />
"It is said that Qin Shi Huang came here in order to seek elixir of life. He suddenly found that there was red color in the sea, so he quickly asked the accompanying alchemist: 'What is that?' The alchemist replied, 'That's an island for immortals.' Qin Shihuang asked again, 'What's the name of it?' The alchemist couldn't answer that. In panic, he found that there was a piece of seaweed in the sea. 'Peng' and 'Lai' were both grass names, so the alchemist responded, 'Penglai.' Since then, the name Penglai Immortal Island has spread..."<br />
<br />
“刘小姐,您刚オ说,八仙过海中的八位神仙,是在蓬莱阁上喝醉了酒之后飘然过海……请问,他们过海到哪里去了?”<br />
<br />
"Miss Liu, you just said that the eight immortals who crossed the sea were drunk on Penglai Pavilion and flew above the sea... Excuse me, where did they go after crossing the sea?"<br />
<br />
“传说很多。不过,今天的蓬莱农村,发生了翻天覆地的变化,我想,八位仙人 一定是留恋人间的新生活,投胎为农民企业家、专业户、个体户。如果先生和女士们有兴趣,不妨到蓬莱农村一游……”<br />
<br />
"There are many legends. However, great changes have taken place in Penglai's rural areas today. I think the eight immortals must be nostalgic for the new life in the world and reborn as farmer entrepreneurs, family which engages in a specialized trade and self-employed entrepreneurs. Gentlemen and ladies, if you are interested in these changes, why not visit rural areas in Penglai?"<br />
<br />
<br />
刘妍莞尔一笑,博得一阵喝彩! 一位外宾说:<br />
<br />
Liu Yan smiled and got a big round of applause! A foreign guest said:<br />
<br />
“刘小姐,你可以做何仙姑了!”<br />
<br />
"Miss Liu, you can be He Xiangu (one of the Eight Immortals)!"<br />
<br />
伊甸园的葡萄熟了<br />
<br />
Grapes in Garden of Eden are Ripe<br />
<br />
——商品生产观念的形成<br />
<br />
—The formation of the commodity production concept<br />
<br />
今天,庄户人的自给自足的传统观念像雪山一样崩塌了!<br />
<br />
Today, the traditional concept of self-sufficiency of farmers has been greatly changed!<br />
<br />
大姜家大队的300亩葡萄园,就曾经是一个和传统观念搏斗的战场！<br />
<br />
The 300-mu (a unit of measurement in China) vineyard of the Jiang family was once a battlefield, on which people fought against traditional ideas!<br />
<br />
开始,28岁的支部书记姜世谭,决定根据三中全会精神调整农业内部结构,拿出西南洼110亩水浇地改种葡萄,立时受到围攻,上面点名,下面咒骂,连老父亲也质问他:“现在国家提高粮价,你去种什么葡萄?”<br />
<br />
At first, Jiang Shitan, the 28-year-old Party branch secretary, decided to adjust the internal structure of agriculture according to the spirit of the Third Plenary Session, and took out 110 mu of irrigated cropland in the southwest area to replant grapes. He was immediately besieged. His superiors named and shamed him and the ordinary people cursed him out. Even his old father questioned him: "Now the country has raised food prices, why do you plant grapes?"<br />
<br />
为了使葡萄园方方正正,还要耕掉50亩漫脚面的麦苗,于是老队长姜世希领着四个生产队长和姜世谭滚打在ー起:<br />
<br />
In order to make grapes grow vertically, it was necessary to remove 50 mu of wheat seedlings that had grown a little, so the old captain Jiang Shixi led four production captains to fight with Jiang Shitan:<br />
<br />
“败家子儿！这是四五万斤麦子呀!”<br />
<br />
"You black sheep! This is 40,000 to 50,000 jin of wheat!"<br />
<br />
“老祖宗撇下这么点好地,你穷作!”<br />
<br />
"The ancestors left such a good place, but you miss this opportunity!"<br />
<br />
“你不是吃人饭长的……”<br />
<br />
"Didn't you grow up eating rice?"<br />
<br />
姜世谭被逼成个“红眼狼”,鞭子一甩:“耕!”他推着雪亮的犁刀,绿生生的麦苗被翻到地下去了！<br />
<br />
Jiang Shitan was forced into a "red-eyed wolf" (a person who is greedy) and whipped: "Plow!" He pulled the sharp plow, and the green wheat seedlings were buried!<br />
<br />
1983年秋天,葡萄熟了,一嘟噜一串地压满了架子,听听那些名字吧:龙眼、泽香、白茹、枣晶、贵人香、赤霞珠……姜世谭把全村老少六百口子请了来:<br />
<br />
In the autumn of 1983, the grapes were ripe, and the trellises were filled with grapes. Listen to those names of grapes: Longyan, Zexiang, Bairu, Zaojing, Guirenxiang, Chixiazhu... Jiang Shitan invited 600 people from all over the village:<br />
<br />
“今天请乡亲们来吃葡萄！一百多个品种管尝！大家边吃,边算一笔账,按市价这一嘟噜葡萄能卖一块钱,大家可以数数有多少嘟噜……”<br />
<br />
"Today, I want to invite you villagers to eat grapes! There are more than 100 varieties for you! You can eat and calculate the accounts. According to the market price, a bunch of grapes can sell for one yuan. You can count how many bunches of grapes..."<br />
<br />
数得过来吗?<br />
<br />
Can you count them all?<br />
<br />
最后的账目还是由会计算出来的,一亩葡萄的收益相当于1万斤小麦,100多亩葡萄超过了全村1500亩粮田的总收入！<br />
<br />
The final account was calculated by the accountant. The income of 1 mu of grapes was equivalent to 10,000 jin of wheat, and the income of more than 100 mu of grapes exceeded the total income of 1,500 mu of grain fields in the village!<br />
<br />
伊甸园的葡萄熟了,大姜家人的思想飞跃了！<br />
<br />
The grapes in the Garden of Eden were ripe, and the Jiang family had progressive thoughts!<br />
<br />
姜世谭又来了第二个惊险的跳跃:建立食品加工厂,生产葡萄罐头,增值！<br />
<br />
Jiang Shitan met the second thrilling challenge: setting up a food processing factory and producing canned grapes so as to increase the value of grapes!<br />
<br />
食品厂在斗争中建起来了,开工40天,产值就达14万元。<br />
<br />
The food factory was built in a struggle. The output value reached 140,000 yuan after 40 days of operating.<br />
<br />
“凡是要改革ー项事情,总是有阻力。毛主席去世后,两个’凡是’听得多顺溜? 一说毛主席有错误有缺点,农民根本不承认这个事。搞大包干、责任制,可又舍不得丢掉大锅饭;要搞商品生产,阻力更大,这次改革是农民改行呀!农民做工, 书记当经理。过去是春天捅一棍,秋天吃一顿,现在像《霍元甲》主题歌里唱的: ’沉睡百年,国人渐已醒,睁开眼吧,抬头看吧’,和几千年的小农生产方式决裂了。”<br />
<br />
"There are always obstacles whatever things we want to reform. After Chairman Mao's death, we are used to listening to 'Two Whatevers' (it refers to the statement that we will resolutely uphold whatever policy decisions Chairman Mao made, and unswervingly follow whatever instructions Chairman Mao gave). When Chairman Mao is said to have made mistakes and shortcomings, farmers simply refuse to admit it. When we introduce the household responsibility system, farmers still want to mess together to eat food prepared in a large canteen. It’s more difficult if we want to carry out commodity production. This reform will push farmers to change their careers! Farmers do the work, and secretaries are managers. In the past, farmers worked in spring and harvested in autumn. Now, as the theme song of Fearless sings: 'After a hundred years of sleeping, Chinese people have gradually woken up. Open your eyes and look up'. Now it is totally different from the peasant mode of production for thousands of years. "<br />
<br />
草店流行红裙子<br />
<br />
Red Skirts are Popular in Forage Store<br />
<br />
——生活秩序、审美心理一见<br />
<br />
—Life Order and Aesthetic Psychology can be Found<br />
<br />
一走进草店大队,不时地看到ー些穿红裙子的姑娘,那么惹目。<br />
<br />
As soon as I walk into the production brigade of forage store, I see some girls in red skirts from time to time, who catch my eye.<br />
<br />
她们来自何方?<br />
<br />
Where do they come from?<br />
<br />
两年前,党支部书记王明福六进天津请来ー个病休的女工程师,一下子给她涨了20级工资（月工资300元,路费、生活费全包）,建起了一个染线厂。结果是:请了一个人,办了一个厂,富了一个村。后来又在染线厂的基础上办起了羊毛衫厂。整个草店的生活秩序改变了,实行生产责任制后的两个“剩余”（剩余劳力、剩余时间）变成了两个“紧张”,又从外村雇用了 500多劳力,都是年轻的农村姑娘。<br />
<br />
Two years ago, Wang Mingfu, the Party branch secretary, hired a female engineer on sick leave in Tianjin, suddenly gave her a 20-fold increase in salary (her monthly salary was 300 yuan, and travel expenses and living expenses are all included), and set up a dyeing factory. As a result, a person was hired, a factory was set up, and a village was rich. Later, a wool sweater factory was set up thanks to the dyeing factory. The life order of the whole forage store has changed. After the implementation of the production responsibility system, the two "surpluses" (surplus labor and surplus labor time) have become two "tensions", so more than 500 laborers have been employed from other villages, all of whom were young rural girls.<br />
<br />
这些来自南庄北疃的姑娘们,一开始是带着一些羞涩和矜持走上草店那带有路灯的、25米宽的大路的。可是织布机很快改变了老一辈留给她们的旧有的生活节奏。她们不再像父辈们那样,日出而作,日落而息。这个“不夜村”里,她们见面不再用父辈的“上山下山”,而是互相招呼着:“你夜班?”“你白班?”“你上班?”“你下班?”每当说着的时候,你可以看出她们内心的自豪和欢悦。她们也像城里人ー 样,提兜里装上一个铝饭盒,吃饭的时候聚在ー起,说着班上的一些事情。她们织出的羊毛衫印上蓬莱阁图案,运到了东北、陕北、山西、河南……她们的审美观已不满足于过去的头上插一朵野花、扎一根红头绳,现在她们用自己挣的工资买来了最时兴的红裙子。（I changed 瞳 with 疃）<br />
<br />
These girls from villages across China started to walk on the 25-meter-wide road with street lamps in the forage store with some shyness and reserve. However, the loom quickly changed the old life rhythm left by the older generation. They no longer worked at sunrise and rest at sunset like their parents. Instead, in this "sleepless village", they no longer said "going up and down the mountain" like their parents when they meet, but greeted each other: "Do you work night shifts?" "You work the day shift?" "You go to work?" "You're off duty?" Whenever they talk, you can see their inner pride and joy. Like people in the city, they carry an aluminum lunch box in their buckets, gather together when eating, and talk about some things in the workshop. The wool sweaters they knitted were printed with Penglai Pavilion patterns and shipped to Northeast China, Northern Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan... They were no longer satisfied with putting wild flowers and tying red ropes on their heads in the past, but now they have bought the most fashionable red skirts with their own wages.<br />
<br />
去访问一个穿红裙子的姑娘吧!<br />
<br />
Let’s go and interview a girl in a red skirt!<br />
<br />
她叫姜利华,是附近上口姜家大队社员,今年21岁,她胖乎乎的,生着一个端正的小翘鼻子,头发梳成两个“把把”,发梢是烫过的,显得很有韵致。<br />
<br />
She is Jiang Lihua, a member of the nearby Jiang’s production brigade. She is 21 years old. She is chubby, has a straight, wide flat nose, and two braids. Her hair tips are permed, which makes her look very charming.<br />
<br />
“你为什么到这里来?”<br />
<br />
"Why do you come here?"<br />
<br />
“不愿意在家种地。”她爽直地向我笑笑,胖胖的手来回搓着。<br />
<br />
"I don't want to cultivate land at home." She said with a frank smile, rubbing her plump hands back and forth.<br />
<br />
“家里分那么几亩地,也用不着闺女家,还有她哥,她爹。”陪伴我的离职老队长在一边插言。<br />
<br />
"A family with a few mu of land doesn’t need the help of daughters. Her brother and her father will do it." The departing captain who accompanied me interjected at the side.<br />
<br />
“你打算在这里干到什么时候?”<br />
<br />
"How long are you going to work here?" <br />
<br />
“干到工厂’黄’了的时候……不’黄'就在这里干!”<br />
<br />
"When the factory is bankrupted... if it runs well, I will work here!"<br />
<br />
“你去年收入了多少?”<br />
<br />
"How much did you earn last year?"<br />
<br />
“1010块,年底开支一大摞,没敢往家喊（拿）,公社信用社在这里,存了活期, 存折交给俺爹……”<br />
<br />
"1010 yuan. Because there were a lot of expenses at the end of the year, I didn't dare to take home. The rural credit cooperative is here, so I saved money in a savings account, and handed the passbook to my father..."<br />
<br />
“你花钱怎么办?”<br />
<br />
"What will you do if you want to spend money?"<br />
<br />
“问俺爹要……哎呀,你记这些干什么?让人家笑话。”<br />
<br />
"Ask my dad to... Oh, why do you write down these? People will laugh at me."<br />
<br />
“你爹妈高兴吧?”<br />
<br />
"Are your parents happy?"<br />
<br />
老队长:“他们当然高兴,她一个人挣的顶他们全家!”<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Of course they are happy. She alone earns more money than the whole family combined!"<br />
<br />
姑娘抿嘴一笑:“以前俺上下班骑俺二姐的自行车,今年俺爹托人上北沟买了辆'金鹿’。他说:’华,这辆车子就是你的了,好好骑。’俺回家一干活他就说:’不用不用,你去睡觉吧。’大姐二姐都不如我。上夜班带饭,俺妈都非给两个鸡蛋拿着。”<br />
<br />
The girl chuckled: "I used to ride my second sister's bicycle to commute. But this year, my father asked someone to go to Beigou to buy a 'Jin Lu' (it is a famous bicycle brand at that time). He said, 'Hua, it is yours, so take good care of it.' As soon as I got home to do housework, he said, 'No, no, you can go to bed.' The oldest sister and the second sister are not as good as me. When I take meals on the night shift, my mother insists on giving me two eggs."<br />
<br />
老队长:“你看看那些上夜班的闺女,哪个不拿鸡蛋?早先还有她们的?都是 早晨打给她爹她哥吃了。”<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Look at those girls who work the night shift. Which one doesn't take eggs? In the past, it was impossible. These eggs belonged to her father and brother in the morning."<br />
<br />
“明天王绪庙会,俺妈说给俺和嫂子一人20元钱,再添些夏天衣裳。”<br />
<br />
"Tomorrow it's the Wangxu Temple Fair, so my mother said she will give me and my sister-in-law 20 yuan so that we can buy summer clothes."<br />
<br />
老队长:“还添衣裳！如今的姑娘家,哪个的衣裳都是一身一身的。也不嫌衣裳多了生虫子!”（I changed 氏 with 长）<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Buy more clothes? Today's girls have too many clothes. They do not worry about more clothes will attract bugs?"<br />
<br />
“出去旅游过吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have you ever traveled?"<br />
<br />
“还没有!”<br />
<br />
"Not yet!"<br />
<br />
老队长:“可不喜去,一点好处也没有。招远的一帮子坐拖拉机上蓬莱阁,车翻沟里去了,一下子死了俩！再说听景有景,看景没景。逛一趟泰山来回得花一百多,还不如在家里喝100斤酒!”<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Travelling is not preferred. It's no good at all. Some people in Zhaoyuan City went to Penglai Pavilion on a tractor, which turned over the ditch, and two of them died at once! Besides, listening to other’s introduction of the scenery is better than watching the scenery. It takes more than 100 yuan to visit the Mount Tai. It is better to drink 100 jin of wine at home!"<br />
<br />
姑娘没有吭声,也许她自有主张。<br />
<br />
The girl didn't say anything. Maybe she had her own ideas.<br />
<br />
回到招待所里,我思绪不能平息。过去这个村子是蓬（莱）黄（县）公路上的一个马车店,因兼卖草料而得名“草店”。至今老人们还能背下流传几辈子的歌谣: “草店穷,穷草店,吃水要走二里半,去时穿花鞋,回时露鸭蛋（后脚跟）,有女不嫁穷草店。”从歌谣中的“花鞋”二字猜测,这歌谣一定是受尽了苦楚的妇女们编出来的。而今妇女们进草店也不是那么容易了。王明福规定,来草店做工的姑娘除了要经过考试外,模样不耐看的不要,个头不高的不要——来记者照相没有机器高那还行吗?以后不光要会说中国话,还要会说外国话的——这里常有外宾来。<br />
<br />
After I returned to the guesthouse, my thoughts couldn't calm down. In the past, this village was an inn on Peng Huang (or Lai County) Highway, which was named forage store because it also sold forage. Up to now, the old people can still recite the ballad that has been passed down for several generations: "The forage store is poor. So poor the forage store is. It takes two and a half li to drink water. You wear beautiful shoes when you go there, but expose your heel when returning back. If you have a daughter, you won’t let her marry the guy in the poor forage store." From the words "beautiful shoes" in the ballad, it is guessed that this ballad must have been made up by women who suffered a lot. Nowadays, it is not so easy for women to be hired in this forage store. Wang Mingfu stipulates that girls who come to work here should not only pass the exam, but should be tall and easy on the eyes. After all, the reporter can’t take picture of her if she is not as tall as a camera. In the future, they should not only speak Chinese, but also speak foreign languages, because foreign guests often come here.<br />
<br />
在我门ロ一边,有一个卖杂货的摊贩,五十多岁年纪,戴着一副眼镜,一条眼镜腿断了,是用麻线拴在耳朵上的。在那些杂七杂八的货摊上,竟还摆放着一本《性的知识》,书的后面被老汉用钢笔把“0.32元”改为“0.45元”。黄昏,一个穿红裙子的姑娘匆匆走过我的窗前,她向四周瞥了一眼,丢下一元钱,拿起那本书,就红着脸跑开了。<br />
<br />
Near our door was a grocery vendor, who was in his fifties and wore a pair of glasses. One of his glasses legs was broken, so it was tied to his ears with a hemp rope. On those stalls with all kinds of matters, there was ''Knowledge of Sex'', which was surprising. At the back of the book, the old man changed 0.32 yuan to 0.45 yuan with a pen. At dusk, a girl in a red skirt hurried past my window, glanced around, dropped one yuan, picked up the book, and ran away with her face turning red.<br />
<br />
她们渴望了解世界,也渴望了解自身!<br />
<br />
They are eager to know the world and themselves!<br />
<br />
尽管还带着一点羞涩。<br />
<br />
Although they are a little shy.<br />
<br />
我看到老汉并未打算给姑娘找零钱,而是从屁股下的木箱里又拿出了一本《性的知识》,摆在原处,好像是唯一的一本。<br />
<br />
I saw that the old man did not intend to give the girl change, but took out another ''Knowledge of Sex'' from the wooden box under his ass and placed it on the original place. It seemed that this was the last one.<br />
<br />
文明,又被蒙上了不文明的尘埃。生活中的ー些事情,往往是这样以多种色调出现的。<br />
<br />
Civilizations get buried under layers of dust again. Some things in life often appear in various colors.<br />
<br />
村庄里的都市<br />
<br />
A City in the Village<br />
<br />
——金钱观念一瞥<br />
<br />
—The Introduction of Their concept of Money<br />
<br />
解放上海的时候,在广东同乡会门口的马路上,露天睡着我27军81师24I团 的一个年轻的机枪手,他有一米八的个子,打着绑腿,怀里抱着一挺“歪把子”。早晨醒来,他看到那高大的楼门上挂着一块牌子:“XX股份有限公司”。他好奇地问班长,那是干什么的?班长答不上;问排长,排长也答不上。后来得知,那是资本家集资做买卖......<br />
<br />
During the liberation of Shanghai, a young autorifleman from the 241 Regiment of the 81st Division of our 27th Corps fell asleep in the open air on the road at the entrance of Guangdong Townsmen Association. He was 1.8 meters tall, wearing puttees and holding a Type 11 light machine gun in his arms. When he woke up in the morning, he saw a sign hanging on the tall building door: "XX Co., Ltd.". He asked the monitor curiously. The monitor can't answer him and neither can the platoon leader. Later, he learned that it was capitalists who raised funds to do business...<br />
<br />
现在这个机枪手已经65岁了,他是孙陶大队“蔚阳农工商联合公司”总经 理——孙陶是烟台地区最早改为“公司”的大队。他毕竟不是当年的机枪手了,牙齿脱落,嘴巴瘪瘪的,有点像画中的“太上老君”,而他的改革的某些方面也带有封 建家长制的色彩。在“农工商联合公司”的牌子旁边,还挂着一块“村政府”的大牌子。他的穿戴也是几个时代混合着:上身着旧蓝布褂,下身穿军裤,脚上却跋拉着 泡沫拖鞋。左右上衣兜甩齐插ー支钢笔,显得不伦不类。窗外则同时传来机耕声和豆腐梆子声。<br />
<br />
Now this autorifleman is 65 years old. He is the general manager of Weiyang Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Joint Company of Sun Tao Brigade. Sun Tao was the first brigade to transform to company in Yantai City. After all, he was not the autorifleman of that year. His teeth fell out and his mouth was flat, which made him like the Daode Tianzun in the painting. Some aspects of his reform also had the color of feudal patriarchal system. Next to the sign of "Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Joint Company" was also a big sign of "Village Government". His dressing style was also a mixture of several times: he wore an old blue cloth jacket on the top, military trousers on the bottom, but wore foam slippers with his heels crushing the back of them. It was neither fish nor fowl to put a pen in the left and right upper pockets respectively. Outside the window, there was the sound of tractor ploughing and using wood blocks to sell tofu.<br />
<br />
“老李呀,一句话,我抓钱!过去咱总怕钱烧手,现在重点搞经济建设,这个观 念不转不行!我现在四个经理部:农业经理部、エ副业加工经理部、商业经理部、供 销经理部。农业经理部下设机械、饲养、技术队、林业队、二林队、鸡场、菜园子、花 场……エ副业加工部下设木业、石子场、预制件厂、面粉厂、挂面厂、铸造厂、刀具 厂、酿造厂……商业经理部下设中医、缝纫、塑料厂、冷食店、浴池、饭店、商店、糕 点、面包厂、水果、牙科诊所、照相馆……应有尽有,我要把孙陶建成个小城市,小上海。”我赞同地说:“你这里成了村庄里的都市了 !”<br />
<br />
"Old Li, in a word, I make money! In the past, we were always afraid that money burns a hole in our pocket, but now we focus on economic development. As a result, we have to change our concept! Now I have four management departments: agricultural management department, sideline processing management department, commercial management department, and supply and marketing management department. Agricultural management department consists of machinery, feeding, technical team, forestry team, chicken farm, vegetable garden, flower farm... The sideline processing department consists of wood industry, gravel field, prefabricated parts factory, flour factory, fine dried noodles factory, foundry, tool factory and brewery... The commercial management department consists of Chinese medicine, sewing, plastic factory, cold food shop, public bath, restaurant, shop, pastry, bread factory, fruit stalls, dental clinic and photo studio... I have everything. I want to transform Sun Tao into a small city like Shanghai." I agreed and said," It has become a city in the village! "<br />
<br />
他接下去:“你刚オ去洗澡了,我那个浴池怎么样?比你们济南不差吧!花了9万块!全是瓷砖铺地,从这里到黄县25里,到蓬莱40里,没有浴池!现在两毛五一个票,社员不用到河沟里洗澡了。青年妇女最愿意洗澡了,她们愿干净,过去都在晚上到河里洗一洗。凡来洗澡的人都说这是个好事!”<br />
<br />
He went on: "You just went to take a bath. How about my public bath? It's not worse than that in Jinan, right? It costs 90,000 yuan! The rooms are all paved with ceramic tiles. There is no public bath 25 miles from here to Huangxian County and 40 miles to Penglai! Now, with a ticket of 25 cents, members don't have to take a bath in the river ditch. Young women are most willing to take a bath because they want to be clean. They used to take a bath in a river at night. Everyone who comes to take a bath says public bath is a good thing! "<br />
<br />
“牙科、照相、水果这些小门面能盈多少利?”<br />
<br />
"How much profit can these small stores like dental clinic, photo studio and fruit stalls make?"<br />
<br />
“盈利不多,可碎金子也是金子呀!我的包子铺商号叫‘半分利’,它有吸引 力,喝茶水不要钱,都愿来。茶水喝多了,刮肚子,肚子空落落的,就要吃包子,不吃 包子,尿尿也是咱的肥料。别看这个小店,一年纯利润ー万四五千。”<br />
<br />
"There is not much profit, but it doesn’t matter! My Baozi shop is called Half Profit, which is attractive. It’s free for drinking tea, so everyone wants to come here. If you drink too much tea, you’ll feel hungry, so you’ll buy our Baozi. Even though you don’t buy it, your urine is also our fertilizer. Don't ignore this small shop, the annual net profit is 14,500 yuan."<br />
<br />
老经理好动,坐在沙发上讲着,不时探出身子拍打一下我的脚面:<br />
<br />
The old manager was hyperactive, sitting on the sofa, talking, and leaning out from time to time to pat my feet:<br />
<br />
“人是钱架的,鳖是水架的。过去是越穷越革命,老鹰拴在鳖脖子上,有能耐也 飞不起来！现在,为了抓钱,我还搞了个’集体入股’。最小十元一股,多者千元一股。农民攒钱怕人,这样入股,提高了集体主义思想,他觉得公司也有他的一份。 我带头入了一万元的股。股金分红按四六。彭真讲'把社会上资金集中起来,长期使用’,做事要有上面精神,打起官司来有说头。’肥水不外流’嘛！我还向你们牟平李德海介绍过这个法儿。”<br />
<br />
"Water is to turtles what money is to people. In the past, we were poor but we worked hard to reform, just like the eagle who was tied to the neck of the turtle, could not fly though it was capable! Now, in order to raise fund, I also promote collective ownership. You can buy a stock with 10 yuan at the minimum, or you can buy a stock with over 1,000 yuan. Taking shares in this way improves collectivism for farmers saving money are worried that others will steal their money. They feels that the company also has their shares. I took the lead to become a shareholder by buying stocks with 10,000 yuan. We’ll split the money forty-sixty. Peng Zhen once said, 'Pool the funds in the society and use them for a long time.' We should have the spirit of superiors so that we can find excuses when we start a lawsuit. 'Every miller draws water to his own mill.'! I also introduced this method to Li Dehai, your home folks in Muping."<br />
<br />
我说:“这种做法合适吗?”<br />
<br />
I said, "Is this appropriate?"<br />
<br />
他并不理会我:“上头财政把得那么死,我们自己为什么不能搞活点?反正在这个小村里我说了算。不宾（佩）服?谁的老婆在家干吗我都知道！我宾服李德 海这个人,有经济头脑。前ー阵子传谣言,说李德海被抓起来了,罪名是什么?’强奸妇女’!当时我就不信。”他忽然压低声音,“别说他那么大的家业忙得没有心思,就是有那个心思,像他这样的英雄还用强奸?……”<br />
<br />
He didn’t answer this question: "The requirements of finance are so rigid, so why can't we be flexible?" Anyway, I have the final say in this small village. People all admire me! I even know what other’s wife is doing at home! I respect that Li Dehai knows how to make money. A while ago, rumors spread that Li Dehai had been arrested. The crime is sex assault! I didn't believe it at that time." He suddenly lowered his voice," He is too busy in managing his own company. Even if he wants to rape a woman, a person like him needs to do that?..."<br />
<br />
对这话,我只能报以苦笑。<br />
<br />
To this, I can only laugh bitterly.<br />
<br />
神秘的登州商行<br />
<br />
A Mysterious Trading Company in Dengzhou<br />
<br />
——信息观念及其他<br />
<br />
—Information Concept and Other Things<br />
<br />
如果有人每年花3万元租金在城里租一层宾馆,你一定会感到不可思议,如果这个人是一个走出磨道的农民,那你更会惊奇不已！<br />
<br />
If someone spends 30,000 yuan a year to rent a hotel in the city, you will feel incredible. If this person is a farmer who walks out of the mill, you will be even more surprised!<br />
<br />
这是乡下农民进城办的ー个商行。宾馆门口“登州商行”四个钢铁铸的大字, 是花800元从青岛请了著名书法家写的。曾几何时,高晓声笔下的陈奂生在县城的宾馆里闹出了一通又一通的笑话,这个“登州商行”里是否还有陈奂生这样的农民呢?<br />
<br />
This is a trading company run by rural farmers coming to cities. The four big characters of "Dengzhou Trading Company" at the entrance of the hotel were written by a famous calligrapher invited from Qingdao by spending 800 yuan. Once upon a time, Chen Huansheng, a character in a work written by Gao Xiaosheng, made a fool of himself again and again in hotels of county towns. Is there a farmer like Chen Huansheng in this trading company?<br />
<br />
我在这个商行的总经理室见到的第一个人物是位20岁出头的姑娘,她叫吴鸿岩,圆胖胖的脸,扎两个把把,眉眼中带有农村姑娘的憨厚和灵秀。<br />
<br />
The first person I met in the general manager's office of this trading company was a girl in her early twenties. She was Wu Hongyan, with a round chubby face and two braids. From her appearance, I could find the characteristics of a rural girl, simple and smart.<br />
<br />
我进门时,她正俯在ー个大书案上从四十多份报刊中检索,把有关商品信息的 部分剪贴起来。有些报刊是我从来没见过的:《上海译报》《上海物资市场》《致富报》《市场周报》《经济预测》《农村金融》《深圳特区报》《湖南经济报》……<br />
<br />
When I entered the door, she was leaning over a large desk, searching from more than 40 newspapers and periodicals, and cutting and pasting some information about commodities. Some newspapers and periodicals I have never seen before: ''Shanghai Translation Newspaper'', ''Shanghai Material Market'', ''Success Newspaper'', ''Market Daily'', ''Economic Forecast'', ''Rural Finance'', ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'', and ''Hunan Economic Newspaper''...<br />
<br />
“你是秘书吗?”我发问。<br />
<br />
"Are you the secretary?" I asked.<br />
<br />
“没有那么大,是文书。”她赧然一笑。<br />
<br />
"No, I’m not a high-ranking member. I’m a clerk." She smiled bashfully.<br />
<br />
当知道我是职业创作员时,她竟和我从文学角度探讨起社会问题:“你说现在农民身上有没有阿Q精神?”<br />
<br />
When she knew that I was a professional creator, she discussed social problems with me from a literary point of view: "Do you think there is Ah Q spirit in farmers now?"<br />
<br />
我一下子回答不上来。<br />
<br />
I can't answer it at once.<br />
<br />
她认真地说:“我一直在想这个问题。阿Q精神是有的。农民和土地绑在一块儿,受了欺侮也走不出去,就得自己安慰自己。有时候没有阿Q精神就活不 下去。”<br />
<br />
She said seriously, "I have been thinking about this question. I think they have Ah Q spirit. Farmers have strong relationships with the land, and they can't go to other places after being bullied, so they have to comfort themselves. Sometimes they can't live without Ah Q spirit."<br />
<br />
这话不是在《文艺报》组织的农村题材座谈会上,而是出自一个穷乡僻壤的农村姑娘之口!<br />
<br />
This was not at the symposium on rural themes organized by Wen yi bao (Literature and Art Newspaper), but from a rural girl in the backcountry!<br />
<br />
她的哥哥吴鸿康走进来了,他是这个商行的副经理,也一起参与“农民政治经济学”的讨论:“农村有些干部很像’土皇帝’!责任制某种意义上就是分散他们的权力,冲破旧的组合!为什么责任制受到群众那么拥护?不值得干部思考吗?我们为什么进城?就是为了摆脱大队给我们的束缚！人挪活,树挪死。我们出来不是为挣钱的,为了干一番事业给他们看看!”<br />
<br />
Her older brother Wu Hongkang, deputy manager of this firm, came in and also participated in the discussion of peasant political economy: "Some rural cadres are very similar to local tyrants! In a sense, the responsibility system is to disperse their power and break through old patterns! Why is the responsibility system so supported by the masses? Isn't it worth thinking about by cadres? Why are we in town? Because we want to get rid of the shackles given to us by the brigade! Trees will die when moved, but people will become more alive. We didn't come out to earn money, but to show them our achievements!"<br />
<br />
吴鸿岩插话说:“农民进城办商行,免不了带有农民的痕迹。有了成绩容易满足,遇到挫折容易灰心丧气,办事不讲效率,拖拖拉拉。我们总经理对职员要求:农民进城必须去掉农民意识,搞商品流通,散漫不行。现在是信息时代,一些农民的旧习气不改,根本搞不好商品生产和商品流通。光蓬莱,我们这样的商行就有九 家,农民办的就有三家,竞争很厉害,不抓紧能行吗?我们搞正规化,每天五点半起床,跑步;六点钟回来,自学半个小时;七点开饭;七点半上班;中午十一点半下班……晚上九点又和全国各地办事处打电话,互通信息。”<br />
<br />
Wu Hongyan interjected: "When farmers go to cities to run a trading company, they will inevitably show the characteristics of farmers. For example, It is easy for them to satisfy with achievements, to be frustrated when encountering setbacks, to be inefficient and procrastinating. Our general manager asked the staff that farmers must get rid of bad habits of farmers when entering the city, because being lax won’t help commodity circulation. Now it is the information age, so commodity production and circulation will not be possible at all, if some farmers' old habits will not be changed. In Penglai alone, there are nine trading companies like ours and three run by farmers. The competition is fierce. Can we do it without working hard? We establish routines for them. They should get up and run at 5:30 every day; Come back at six o'clock and self-study for half an hour; Dinner is served at seven o'clock; Go to work at 7:30; Get off work at 11:30 noon... and call offices all over the country at 9:00 p.m. to exchange information."<br />
<br />
神秘的登州商行！<br />
<br />
Mysterious Dengzhou Trading Company!<br />
<br />
总经理侯日超出场了,夹着黑色皮包,穿着一身笔挺的西服,他40岁出头,方 方的额头,深深的眼窝,尖下巴,眼角有道道血丝,脸上表情淡漠,却隐示着ー种坚 毅。这个农民似乎是从地平线下突然冒出来的,不,确切地说,他是从土地里走出 来的,他大胆地割断了与土地的“脐带”,把承包的16亩责任田,全部转包给别人, 只要转包户每年向他全家每人提供200斤小麦、100斤花生,他用国家牌价购买,而 他和妻子都投身于这个商行的工作。他走出土地,同时也走出了自己的历史。作为ー个农民,他推过车,挑过担子, 整过“大寨田”,当过生产队长,还曾被评选为民兵“学习毛主席著作积极分子”。他好读书,好文娱,好搞创新性的玩意儿。当瓦匠,半年就掌尺,因为老瓦匠们舍不得花钱买工具,而他知道石家庄的泥板是最好的。村里搞剧团,他鼓鼓捣捣,组织起十来个人的小乐队。“文革”开始他又学会扎针,社员有个头痛脑热,不上公社医院,来找他。1983年承包橡胶厂,发了财,三个支部委员和一个大队长,天天去抢账,他一气之下走出了村庄……<br />
<br />
Hou Richao, the general manager, wearing a black trim suit, came. He was in his early 40s, with a square forehead, deep eye sockets, pointed chin, bloodshot eyes, and indifferent expression on his face, which showed a kind of perseverance. The farmer seemed to have popped up from below the horizon. No, to be exact, he came out of the land. He boldly cut off the "umbilical cord" with the land and subcontracted all the contracted 16 mu of land to others. As long as the subcontractor provided 200 kg of wheat and 100 kg of peanuts to his whole family every year, he bought them at the national quotation, so he and his wife devoted themselves to the work of this company. He walked out of the land and also out of his own history. As a farmer, he pushed cars, shouldered burdens, learn from Dazhai in agriculture" Campaign, worked as a production captain, and was once selected as an "activist in studying Chairman Mao's works" as a militia. He likes reading, entertainment activities and engaging in innovative things. When he was a bricklayer, he knew how to know the size in half a year, because the old bricklayers were reluctant to spend money on tools, but he knew that the clay tablets in Shijiazhuang were the best. When the village set up a troupe, he organized a small band of about a dozen people. At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, he learned acupuncture. Members who had a headache or fever didn't go to the commune hospital but came to him for help. In 1983, he contracted a rubber factory and made a fortune, so three branch members and a team leader went to take his credit every day. As a result, he left the village in anger...<br />
<br />
<br />
现在登州商行有四十多个职工,大都是在村里待得压抑的农民。侯日超一跃成为商行经理,下分经理办公室、供销科、总务科、财务科、信息科、工业科,现在分别在大连、沈阳、天津、北京、上海、青岛、哈尔滨等大城市派设有办事处和信息员。<br />
<br />
At present, there are more than 40 employees in Dengzhou Trading Company, most of which are depressed farmers in the village. Hou Richao has become the manager of it, and the company is divided into manager's office, supply and marketing department, general affairs department, finance department, information department and industry department. Now he has offices and information officers in Dalian, Shenyang, Tianjin, Beijing, Shanghai, Qingdao, Harbin and other metropolises.<br />
<br />
信息观念在他们身上的建立,使我惊叹不已。<br />
<br />
I am amazed at their information concept.<br />
<br />
“搞商品流通,必须到经济发达的地方去办,经济发达的地方文化也发达,文化 发达的地方,消费也发达,这样才能正确地了解市场。过去是秀才不出门,便知天下事,那是靠读书,现在光靠书本不行了,等书印出来,什么信息也晚了三秋。现在信息手段很多,电话、电报、广播、报纸、电视、联络网、社会交往。生产カ发展的历史,就是交往不断扩大的历史……马克思讲人与人之间的关系,是经济基础的核心,只有有了人与人之间的关系,才能去创造财富。现在我们采用了广泛联系的方针,在经济学上叫'广泛联合’,我们在这里是经营中心,在全国伸出了若干条腿, 借助各地大中心,发挥咱小中心的作用。这叫’经济横向联系’。”他随手撕下ー张 印刷的信息调查报告表,说,“在外的办事员、信息员、供销员定期ー个月寄回两 次。”这表上有物品种类、价格、规格型号、数量、信息编号、市场形势、预测分析,“我们还准备搞密码,考虑到经济信息要保密。我们还聘请了法律顾问、经济顾问、政策顾问。”<br />
<br />
"To engage in commodity circulation, we must go to economically developed places, where culture is also developed, and in the places where culture is developed, there is higher consumption level. Therefore, in these places, we can correctly understand the market. In the past, scholars knew what was going on in the world without going out, which depended on reading. Now, reading books alone can't do it. When books are printed, any information will be late. Nowadays, there are many means of information, such as telephone, telegraph, radio, newspaper, television, contact network and social communication. The history of production development is the history of expanding communication... Marx said that the relationship between people is the core of economic foundation, and only with the relationship between people can wealth be created. Now we have adopted the policy of extensive ties, or extensive alliance in economics. We are the business center here, stretching out a number of legs throughout the country, and playing the role of our small centers with the help of big centers in various places. This is called lateral economic ties." He tore off a printed information investigation report and said, "The clerks, information officers and supply and marketing staff who are outside regularly send it back twice a month." This form contained the type, price, specification, quantity, information number, market situation and forecast analysis of goods. "Considering that economic information should be kept confidential, we are also going to study cryptography. We have also hired legal advisers, economic advisers and policy advisers."<br />
<br />
在我面前的,绝不是“闰土”和“陈奂生”了 !<br />
<br />
In front of me, it was by no means Run Tu and Chen Huansheng (they are two characters in novels)!<br />
<br />
我顺手抓起一份信息剪报,在“山东莱芜羊里公社,可收获优质大蒜4万斤寻求销路”这一段文字下面有红笔标示。<br />
<br />
I grabbed an information clipping conveniently, and there was a red pen mark under the paragraph "In Yangli Commune, Laiwu, Shandong Province, you can harvest 40,000 jin of high-quality garlic, which are waiting to be sold".<br />
<br />
“你们准备买大蒜吗?”我问。<br />
<br />
"Are you going to buy garlic?" I asked.<br />
<br />
“香港八汇有限公司找我们订了 300吨,照国家外贸价。”<br />
<br />
"Hong Kong Bahui Co., Ltd. ordered 300 tons of garlic from us and will pay us at the national foreign trade price."<br />
<br />
“他们去莱芜联系过了吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have they gone to Laiwu to ask this thing?"<br />
<br />
“没有。大蒜价格还要落,现在去联系价格不好商量。”<br />
<br />
"No. The price of garlic is still falling. It is not easy to determine the price now."<br />
<br />
“你何以预测出大蒜要落价?”<br />
<br />
"How did you predict that garlic would fall in price?"<br />
<br />
“第一个信息,今年蒜薰多,蒜薰丰收,大蒜也必然丰收。现在买是我们求他,将来买是他来求我!”<br />
<br />
"The first information is that this year's garlic scapes are abundant, so garlic will be abundant. If we buy it now, we will be at a disadvantage, but if we buy it in the future, they will be at a disadvantage! "<br />
<br />
其机敏可见一斑。<br />
<br />
His cleverness can be seen.<br />
<br />
“我们搞的代购代销,是商品流通的一种形式,是市场调节的手段。现在我们 也考虑办工厂,先上纸箱厂、饮料厂、瓷雕厂、裘装厂——这个是和外商合办的。还 准备买专利……等到1985年可以打个漂亮仗,纯收入拿500万,向国家提供600 万元税收。蓬莱缺大旅馆,外国人来了还要回烟台去住。我们准备盖个十三层的高级旅馆,要有占地100亩的高尔夫球场,将来蓬莱以它特有的条件一蓬莱阁成 为烟台的贸易中心,吸引外商。他不了解你这些人,怎么投资?”<br />
<br />
"Purchasing overseas products for others and consignment are forms of commodity circulation and a means of market regulation. Now we are also considering the establishment of factories, including carton factory, beverage factory, porcelain carving factory and fur factory. The fur factory is jointly organized with foreign businessmen. I'm also going to buy patents... By 1985, I can make great achievements, with a net income of 5 million yuan and a tax of 6 million yuan to the country. Penglai has no big hotels, so foreigners have to go back to Yantai to live when they come. Therefore, we are going to build a high-class hotel with 13 floors and a golf course covering an area of 100 mu. In the future, Penglai will become the trade center of Yantai with its unique building—Penglai Pavilion, attracting foreign businessmen. If they don't know you people, how can they invest money? "<br />
<br />
他回身用拇指指指墙上的彩色挂历,那是一幅夏威夷海滩浴场的照片:“你看 这夏威夷海滨,我们蓬莱为什么不能搞成这样?”<br />
<br />
He turned around and pointed to the colorful calendar, a photo of Hawaii a seaside resort, on the wall with his thumb: "Look at it. Why can't Penglai be like this?"<br />
<br />
他的笑容中或有当年“乐队队长”的率直和快乐。<br />
<br />
His smile may have the frankness and happiness of the band leader of that year.<br />
<br />
“中国的革命,在某种意义上说是农民的革命,可是农民还没有得到应有的利 益。三中全会解决了这个问题,现在政策允许你的思维发展。过去在农村是智力 高的伺候智力低的。古话说:出头椽子先烂,烂也是ー辈子。不要珍惜你的生命, 一千岁又怎么样?要珍惜社会贡献……有人说我们吹牛X。随他!过去说吹牛X不纳税,现在吹牛X得纳税,不信试试!”<br />
<br />
"China's revolution is the farmers’ revolution in a sense, but they have not yet got the benefits they deserve. The Third Plenary Session solved this problem, and now the policy allows you to think out of the box. In the past, people in the countryside with high intelligence served people with low intelligence. As the old saying goes, "If you stick your head out, you may be at a lifetime risk." Don't cherish your life. Who cares if you can live a very long time? We should cherish our social contributions... Some people say we are full of hot air. Who cares! In the past, it was said that bragging did not pay taxes, but now bragging has to pay taxes. If you don't believe it, just try it!"<br />
<br />
第四章在历史的接合部上<br />
<br />
Chapter 4 At the Junction of History<br />
<br />
是的,无数个瞬间,组成了人类历史的长河。<br />
<br />
Yes, countless moments constitute the long river of human history.<br />
<br />
历史学家在研究历史的时候,没有忽视“瞬间”这个历史的“微粒”。战争的决胜,国家的兴衰,在某个瞬间所引起的质变:项羽鸿门宴却步于樊哙之勇,司马懿一念败退于诸葛亮的空城计,希特勒对盟军诺曼底登陆之失算……历史往往在某个瞬间悄悄地开始了一个时代。国家、民族的命运是这样,个人的命运也是这样。但历史毕竟是个记忆衰退的老人,它向后人叙述的,大都是些概念,而文学,却需要到光阴之河里去捕捞无数充满感情色彩的细节,组成它的艺术生命。趁历史还没有走远,我们还来得及去回首看一看那打着时代变革印记的无数个瞬间。<br />
<br />
When historians study history, they do not ignore the moments, which constitute the long river of human history. The decisive victory of a war, the rise and fall of a country, and the qualitative changes caused by a certain moment can be seen in history. Xiang Yu's Feast at Swan Goose Gate was discouraged from Fan Kuai's courage. Sima Yi failed because of Zhuge Liang's Empty Fort Strategy. Hitler made mistakes about his allied forces’ Normandy landings... History often quietly started an era at a certain moment. This is the fate of a country and a nation, and so is the fate of an individual. However, history is an old man with declining memory, and most of what he narrates to future generations are concepts. But if we want to know literature, we need to go to the river of time to salvage countless emotional details to form its artistic life. While history has not gone far, we still have time to look back and see the countless moments marked by the changes of the times.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他们像没娘的孩子<br />
<br />
At That Moment, They Were Like Motherless Children<br />
<br />
——困惑篇<br />
<br />
—Confusion<br />
<br />
“辛辛苦苦30年,一夜回到解放前！呜呜呜……”<br />
<br />
"After 30 years of hard work, The situation is changed into that before liberation overnight! Boohoo..."<br />
<br />
烟台地区责任制的巨大闸门终于被撬动起来之时,在栖霞县ー个山沟的野夼大队办公室里,7个党支部委员对着毛主席的画像伤心地哭了起来。<br />
<br />
When the huge gate of the responsibility system in Yantai area was finally opened, seven Party branch members in the Yekuang brigade office of a ravine in Qixia County cried sadly at the portrait of Chairman Mao.<br />
<br />
他们平均55岁,7个人中有6个当过八路军、3个二等残疾军人一个个是共 产党的忠诚战士。这里是革命老区,许世友司令员曾住在附近的东下布。他们给子弟兵缝过军装,养过伤员……是社会主义救了这个旧社会有名的“叫花子布”，今天有了果园,有了水库,有了马车,有了柴油机和拖拉机……<br />
<br />
They were 55 years old on average. Six of the seven have worked in the Eighth Route Army, and three were second-class disabled soldiers. All of them were loyal fighters of the Communist Party. This was an old revolutionary base area, and Commander Xu Shiyou once lived in Dongxiabu nearby. They sewed military uniforms for their soldiers and raised the wounded... It was socialism that saved the famous backcountry in the old society. Today, there are orchards, reservoirs, carriages, diesel engines and tractors...<br />
<br />
这些家业,都是他们听毛主席的话带领群众创出来的。今天毛主席订的某些章程要更改了,是在他老人家已经不在了的时候……<br />
<br />
These possessions were created by them who led masses and followed Chairman Mao. Today, some constitutions made by Chairman Mao have to be changed when he has gone...<br />
<br />
“呜呜呜……”老年人的哭声是悲怆的。<br />
<br />
"Boohoo..." They wailed.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他痛苦地否定了自己<br />
<br />
At That Moment, He Painfully Denied Himself<br />
<br />
——省悟篇<br />
<br />
—Enlightenment<br />
<br />
这是个倔老头儿!<br />
<br />
This is a stubborn old man!<br />
<br />
他很少服输。“文化大革命”中一连斗了他33次,在黄县,造反派都说他磨山 迟家是“小台湾”,而他迟本达,就是顽固不化的“蒋光头”。在批斗大会上,“造反派”踢他一脚,他当即回敬一拳,硬是把“造反派”给打散了。后来,他磨山迟家成了“红色革命根据地”,县里的老干部,干社会主义的“铁柱子”,每天有几百人在这里吃饭。现在他大小机械100多台,汽车3辆,拖拉机6台,果园!000亩,还搞不过你的“大包干”?他有空就悄悄往邻队地里一蹲,不是去学习,而是挑刺儿。<br />
<br />
He seldom admitted defeat. During the Cultural Revolution, he experienced struggle sessions 33 times in a row. In Huang County, the rebels said that residents in the Moshanchijia village was Taiwanese, and he Chi Benda was the stubborn Chiang Kai-Shek. During the struggle session, when the rebels kicked him, he immediately responded with a punch, which dealt a blow to them. Later, this village became a revolutionary base; the Chi family became veteran cadre in the county and the backbone of socialism. Hundreds of people eat there every day. Now he has more than 100 machines, large and small, 3 cars, 6 tractors and 1000 mu of orchards. Isn’t it better than the household responsibility system? When he was free, he quietly appeared in the neighboring team, not to study, but to find fault.<br />
<br />
和共和国同龄的县委书记杜世成,苦口婆心来劝说:“还是搞责任制好,700户社员,就有700个’队长’,专业化、社会化是今后的方向。”<br />
<br />
Du Shicheng, secretary of the county party committee, was born in 1949, when the People’s Republic of China was found. He did his best to convince Chi and said: "It is better to engage in the household responsibility system. There are 700 captains for 700 households. Specialization and socialization are the future direction."<br />
<br />
老头儿不服劲儿,又不得不做出样子,把大锅饭改成“中锅饭”,ー个大队分成 两个,12个生产队分成了 24个生产组,中央不是说“多种形式”吗?<br />
<br />
The old man disagreed with him, but had to pretend to comply with his instructions, so he changed food prepared in a large canteen into food prepared in a medium-sized canteen. Besides, one brigade was divided into two, and 12 production teams were divided into 24 production groups. After all, the central government said they could introduce various forms.<br />
<br />
年底公社列表张榜,挂到会议室正面墙上,迟本达不敢过去正视,因为磨山迟家这个一向当“领头雁”的,一下子变成了尾巴梢子,简直令人不敢相信,却又是千真万确的事实!<br />
<br />
At the end of the year, the commune list was posted and hung on the front wall of the conference room. Chi Benda did not dare to face it up, because Chi's family, who has always taken the lead, suddenly performed bad, which was unbelievable, but was also real!<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,老头子垂下了白花花的脑袋,却装着用手去搔头……<br />
<br />
At that moment, the old man hung down his head with gray hair, but he pretended to scratch his head with his hands...<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他失明的双目透进了阳光<br />
<br />
At That Moment, His Blind Eyes Feel Sunshine<br />
<br />
——信仰篇<br />
<br />
—Faith<br />
<br />
掖县是烟台地区的“西南大门”,紧挨着责任制搞得较早的昌潍地区。当初有的领导同志曾提出:“掖县要挡住西南风!”<br />
<br />
Ye County is the southwest gate of Yantai City, and it is next to Changwei area where the household responsibility system was established earlier. At the beginning, some leading comrades once said: "Ye County should block the southwest wind!"<br />
<br />
一个双目失明的瘦小老人点着一根七尺长的竹竿走出来了,他是掖县过西乡徐家大队的当家人徐斌。这个双目失明的人当了30多年支部书记,他用一根竹竿探路,带着全村600多户人家,两千多口子人,从昨天走到今天。<br />
<br />
A skinny old man who was blind came out with a seven-chi bamboo pole. He was Xu Bin, the head of Xu family brigade in Guoxi Township, Ye County. This blind man has been a branch secretary for more than 30 years. He used a bamboo pole to explore the way and took more than 600 households and more than 2,000 people in the village from the past to the present.<br />
<br />
一切都是摸索过来的。这或许反映了中国农民在特殊条件下的历史进程!<br />
<br />
He explored everything, which may reflect the historical process of Chinese farmers under special conditions!<br />
<br />
他是怎样把徐家大队领成一个“先进”啊一竹竿上刻着尺寸,翻过的地,他 要逐块去量一量,看是否够深度。社员剜谷苗,他要去摸一摸稀疏。到后来,有的社员锄地光锄地头,糊弄他这个瞎汉,他检查生产,不得不点着ー根竹竿,向青纱帐深处走去。过去,这一些被当作先进事迹,在各种会议上介绍,那其实是ー种多么深刻的悲剧,一种多么令人痛心的象征! !<br />
<br />
How did he lead the Xu family brigade into an advanced brigade? A bamboo pole was engraved with dimensions, so he had to measure the land one by one to see if it was deep enough. When members cut the grain seedlings, he was going to feel whether they were sparse. Later, some members only hoed in edge of a field to fool him because he was blind. Therefore, when he checked production, he had to walk with his bamboo pole to the depths of green fields. In the past, these were regarded as advanced deeds and introduced at various conferences. What a profound tragedy and a sad symbol!!<br />
<br />
他率先实行了生产责任制。用竹竿捅破那长期以来形成的不符合实际情况的固有观念!<br />
<br />
He took the lead in implementing the production responsibility system, so he eliminated the inherent concept that has taken root for a long time and did not conform to the actual situation with his bamboo pole!<br />
<br />
他率先发展了商品生产,办起了糖厂、面粉加工厂、冰库（这是我见到的第一座 农民冰库）、修配厂……<br />
<br />
He spearheaded the commodity production, like a sugar factory, a flour processing factory, an icehouse (this was the first farmer icehouse I have seen) and a repair factory...<br />
<br />
他不能看电影,却在全公社修起了第一座带座位的农民影院;他不能看书,却 办起了有数千册藏书的图书馆;他没有孩子在身边,却修起了连联合国的考察团也为之咋舌的幼儿园。<br />
<br />
He was unable to watch movies, but he built the first farmer cinema with seats in the whole commune. He was unable to read books, but he has set up a library with thousands of books. He had no children around, but he has built a kindergarten that even amazed the United Nations delegation.<br />
<br />
他看不见色彩,却在创造着彩色的生活！<br />
<br />
He can't see color, but he was creating a colorful life!<br />
<br />
王济夫带着《烟台日报》的总编辑刘鹏雁来到这里,激动不已,对总编辑说: “掖县有了领头人,发个头条!”<br />
<br />
When Wang Jifu came here with Liu Pengyan, editor-in-chief of Yantai Daily, he was excited and said to the editor-in-chief: "Ye County has a leader, so let’s make him hit the headlines!"<br />
<br />
理解,你是阳光,把心灵的阴影驱散。<br />
<br />
Understanding is sunshine, dispelling the shadow of a soul.<br />
<br />
徐斌像保存家珍似的把这份剪报贴在一个本子上。<br />
<br />
Xu Bin pasted this newspaper clipping on a notebook like keeping a family treasure.<br />
<br />
“还有磁带,是中央电台录制的,我拿给你听听。”他瞎瞎摸摸,挪动着瘦瘦的身躯,哼着小调,把磁带装到录音机里,按动开关,于是,关于他生命的信息,从女广播员那脆亮而充满感情的播音中传达出来:<br />
<br />
"There is also a tape, which was recorded by the central radio station. I will show it to you." He fumbled, moved his thin body, hummed a tune, loaded the tape into the tape recorder, and turned it on. So the message about his life was conveyed from the crisp and emotional voice of a female announcer:<br />
<br />
“《当你回首往事的时候》……”<br />
<br />
"When you look back..."<br />
<br />
我坐在他的侧面,看到他仍然沉浸在广播员那动情的朗诵之中。我看到了黑镜片后面那畸形的深陷的眼窝,像两个喷发过岩浆的火山口,他的嘴在微微翕动着。仅存无几的睫毛上沾着水汽,红红的眼窝噙满了泪水,那心灵的潮汛终于汇集成一股水流,向下淌去……<br />
<br />
I sat on his side and saw that he was still immersed in the emotional recitation of the announcer. I saw behind the black glasses the deformed, sunken eye sockets, like two craters of lava, and his mouth moved slightly. His eyelashes that had not been much left were covered by a layer of saturated vapour of water, and the red eye sockets were full of tears. Finally, his tears, the vent to his soul, fell down...<br />
<br />
我上车时,他伸出瘦瘦的手来向前摸索着,我知道他是在寻找我,要和我握别。<br />
<br />
When I got into the car, he stretched out his thin hand and groped forward. I knew he was looking for me because he wanted to shake my hands at parting.<br />
<br />
我握着他的手,久久不愿松开。<br />
<br />
I held his hands and refused to let go for a long time.<br />
<br />
在这一瞬间我想到:痛苦在于我们这些不失明的人,让一个失明的战士为我们探路！<br />
<br />
At this moment, I thought that the pain lies in us who were not blind, because we let a blind soldier explore the way for us!<br />
<br />
他是在用心看着道路。<br />
<br />
He looked at the way with his heart, not his eyes.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他求告无望,横下一条心<br />
<br />
At That Moment, He Failed to Receive Help, So He Determined to Do Something<br />
<br />
——励志篇<br />
<br />
—An Inspirational Story<br />
<br />
笑容,你来得是那么容易的吗?<br />
<br />
Smile, is it so easy for you to come?<br />
<br />
谭绪佑离开“大锅饭”时也感到过无所适从,过去的一切都是队上的“父母官”包揽,现在,他这瘦巴巴、一头卷发的汉子要自己去闯生活之路。<br />
<br />
Tan Xuyou felt at a loss when he no longer ate food prepared in a large canteen. In the past, everything was taken care of by members on the production team. Now, he, a thin man with curly hair, has to go his own way of life.<br />
<br />
到淄博去,嫂表弟建议他上个小作坊,生产“浮球式比重仪”,那是一家研究所设计的新产品。谭绪佑壮着胆子接回来试制,二十天后带着五只样品去了,研究所一鉴定,竟然惊奇不已:“这是你们搞的吗?国营厂三个月拿出来算快的!”<br />
<br />
When he went to Zibo, his cousin suggested that he go to a small workshop to produce floating ball hydrometer, which was a new product designed by a research institute. Tan Xuyou got the courage to have a trial production. After 20 days, he went with five samples. The institute identified them and was surprised: "Did you do this? It is fast for the state-owned factory to make them in three months!"<br />
<br />
“武宁电器厂”的牌子在这个偏远的滨海村庄挂起来了,赞同的目光,惊讶的目光,疑问的目光,嫉妒的目光都投向这个白漆黑字的木牌牌。<br />
<br />
The sign of "Wuning Electric Appliance Factory" was hung up in this remote coastal village. People looked at this wooden plaque white and black with admiration, surprise, suspicion or jealousy.<br />
<br />
一个夜晚,木牌牌不翼而飞。<br />
<br />
One night, the plaque disappeared.<br />
<br />
扛走木牌的人显然不是因为缺柴烧。<br />
<br />
It was obvious that those who carried away it were not short of firewood.<br />
<br />
木牌不值多少钱,可那是门面啊,打人还不打脸呢。<br />
<br />
Wooden plaque was not worth much money, but it represented the owner’s dignity. For example, if you hit others, you wouldn’t punch their face.<br />
<br />
谭绪佑去报告“父母官”,路上看到大队仓库的后窗被人撬了,他怀着对集体的感情,一并做了报告。<br />
<br />
Tan Xuyou went to report to the members on the production team. On the way, he saw that the rear window of the team warehouse had been pried. He cared for the team, so he also reported it.<br />
<br />
当天下午,队上的仓库后窗就派人钉上了,谭绪佑却在家等,等,等……<br />
<br />
In the afternoon, the rear window of the warehouse on the team was nailed, but Tan Xuyou waited at home for a long time...<br />
<br />
谭绪佑猛然省悟到什么,跺跺脚,自己做了一个沉甸甸的大铁牌子,焊上挂柱, 垒进墙里去了。<br />
<br />
Something suddenly dawned on Tan Xuyou, so he stamped his feet, made a heavy big iron sign, and welded the hanging column to build it into the wall.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他怒发冲冠,破门而出<br />
<br />
At That Moment, He Burst Out of the Door in A Rage<br />
<br />
——求索篇<br />
<br />
—Seeking<br />
<br />
是铁,就要经受锤炼。<br />
<br />
If it is iron, it must be tempered.<br />
<br />
有人向黄县平里院大队书记战学忠介绍,平陵县有一套设备,能使粉渣酿出酒来。<br />
<br />
Someone introduced to Zhan Xuezhong, secretary of Pingliyuan Brigade in Huang County, that Ping Ling County has a set of equipment, which can make wine from powder residue.<br />
<br />
年轻的书记被这桩便宜买卖迷住了,花五万元钱把这套设备买了下来,由那边派师傅帮助安装。<br />
<br />
The young secretary was fascinated by this cheap deal, so he spent 50,000 yuan to buy it and an employee there would help install it.<br />
<br />
一天、两天、三天……<br />
<br />
One day, two days, three days…<br />
<br />
一个月、两个月、三个月 <br />
<br />
One month, two months, three months...<br />
<br />
社员们眼巴巴地望着,等着出酒哩。<br />
<br />
The members watched eagerly, waiting for the wine to come out.<br />
<br />
可是酒总出不来。<br />
<br />
But the wine never came out.<br />
<br />
战学忠打电报叫对方厂长来,杳无讯息。<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong called the factory director, but there was no message.<br />
<br />
那天早上,忽然有人告诉战学忠:那两位“人质”跑了。<br />
<br />
That morning, someone suddenly told Zhan Xuezhong that the two "hostages" had run away.<br />
<br />
战学忠赶去ー看,果然人走屋空,留在酒厂的设备,成了一堆废铁!<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong rushed to see it. Sure enough, people left the house empty, and the equipment left in the winery became a pile of scrap metal!<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,战学忠血冲脑门,狠狠擂动着门板,他意识到被骗了。牵线人和平陵厂方合谋,把ー套毫无价值的设备坑给了他们。<br />
<br />
At that moment, Zhan Xuezhong was in a rage and severely beat the door panel when he realized that he had been cheated. The matchmaker conspired with the Pingling factory and gave them a set of worthless equipment.<br />
<br />
5万元哪,平里院的父老姊妹口挪肚省的血汗钱哪!<br />
<br />
50,000 yuan, the hard-earned money saved by the young and old in Pingliyuan!<br />
<br />
战学忠带着合同到县经济法庭控告,花15元钱打印了一份诉状,直奔平陵县。<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong took the contract to the county economic court, spent 15 yuan money to print a complaint, and went straight to Pingling County.<br />
<br />
平陵县的法庭庭长回家收责任田的小麦去了。<br />
<br />
The court president of it went home to collect wheat from the field he was responsible for.<br />
<br />
战学忠在旅馆等了七天,后来终于见到了法庭庭长,庭长说:“办成办不成,先交2500元的手续费,相当你损失的百分之五。”<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong waited in the hotel for seven days, and finally met the president of the court. The president said, "Whether it is successful or not, you should pay a handling fee of 2,500 yuan first, which is equivalent to 5% of your loss."<br />
<br />
他已几乎囊空如洗!<br />
<br />
He was almost broke!<br />
<br />
战学忠直接找到了工厂里,厂里的人告诉他,厂长换了,不能办!<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong directly went to the factory, and the employees in the factory told him that the factory director had been changed, so they could not help him!<br />
<br />
痛苦,已经超出了经济的范畴。<br />
<br />
The pain was not only derived from the lack of money.<br />
<br />
那个“一瞬间”成了一服明目的良药,使这个1978年オ认识火车的“乡巴佬”学会了商品生产的市场调查、信誉调查。<br />
<br />
That moment became a motivation for this hillbilly who knew the train to learn the market research and credit investigation of commodity production.<br />
<br />
北京王府井商场一块“电动剃须刀无货”的牌子,使他跑遍了南京、杭州、无锡、上海,亲自写出了一份三万言的电动剃须刀商品调查报告,接着把落满伤心泪的烧酒车间改成了电器车间,前后不到8个月。第一批电动剃须刀组装起来,拿到县里去鉴定,那些长着大胡子的局长、科长还不识其为何物！<br />
<br />
Seeing a sign of "Electric shavers are out of stock" in Wangfujing Shopping Mall in Beijing, he travelled all over Nanjing, Hangzhou, Wuxi and Shanghai, personally wrote a 30,000-word survey report on electric shavers, and then transformed the shochu workshop full of his sad memories into an electrical appliance workshop, which was less than 8 months before and after. When the first batch of electric shavers were assembled and taken to the county for identification, those bearded directors and section chiefs still didn't know what they were!<br />
<br />
平里院电器总厂的大牌子就这样堂而皇之地挂起来了。年产10万只,畅销11个省市,年获利润12万元。<br />
<br />
In this way, the big plaque of Pingliyuan Electric Appliance General Factory was hung up in public. The annual output was 100,000 in 11 provinces and cities, with an annual profit of 120,000 yuan.<br />
<br />
战学忠,这个曾受过骗的农民企业家两眼闪动着智慧之光,一边和我吃着自制的牛奶冰棍,一边给我讲着“企业经”和“做人经”。<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong, a farmer entrepreneur who has been deceived, had his eyes flashing with wisdom. While eating homemade milk popsicles with me, he told me how to run a successful enterprise and how to be a decent person.<br />
<br />
“我们乡镇企业是’游击队’,打一枪换一个地方。国营办一个厂子,光厂房连 批带盖得一两年,咱有间房子先干起来,等你厂房盖起来,咱产品又更新了。乡镇 企业,必须看市场什么最活,最快……市场变化一天一个样,甚至一个钟头一个样。 商品的竞争,是技术的竞争,信息的竞争,也是时间的竞争,有技术不用,转眼成了旧技术,一切都在更新换代。我们队办工业现在是由密集型到分散型——好多工序在社员家里……”<br />
<br />
"Our township enterprises are guerrillas, and they change a place after they fire a bullet. Approving and building a state-owned factory should take one or two years. When we have a house, we can work first, because when your factory is built, our products will be updated again. Township enterprises must know what is the most active and fastest in the market... The market changes every day, even every hour. Commodity competition is the competition of technology. The competition of information is also the competition of time. If there is technology that you don’t use, it will become old technology in an instant, because everything will be updated. Our brigade's business is now intensive and decentralized, which means many procedures are finished in the members' homes..." <br />
<br />
“咱平里院人是有志气的。县里调我我不去,不是干不了,也不是因为待遇,我舍不得这么多好群众。在我有生之年,一定要给他们闯出一条路来,让贫穷、愚昧的状况一去不复返,让那些为革命献出血和汗的群众不再寒心。现在大队二十六户烈属,每年补他们每户2000元。现在平里院再不是让人瞧不起的时候了。”<br />
<br />
"We Pingliyuan people are ambitious. It's not that I can't do it or because of the treatment when the county promoted me. I don’t want to start the new chapter of my life without so many good people. In my lifetime, I must find a way for them so that they can be free from poverty and ignorance forever, and let those people who shed blood and sweat for the revolution stop disappointed. Now the brigade’s twenty-six households whose families are martyrs will be compensated 2000 yuan per household every year. Now Pingliyuan has passed the time when it was looked down upon."<br />
<br />
第五章属于自己的日子<br />
<br />
Chapter 5 My Own Days<br />
<br />
1984年初夏,中南海紫光阁毗邻的ー间办公室里,我和人民文学杂志社的周 明同志、王南宁同志,以及女作家张洁,坐在一位长者的对面,听他谈农村体制改革 的有关问题。他讲话的时候,用手拨动着写字台上的一个玲珑的地球仪:<br />
<br />
In the early summer of 1984, in an office adjacent to Ziguangge Purple Chamber, Zhongnanhai, Comrade Zhou Ming, Wang Nanning of People's Literature, Zhang Jie, a female writer, and I sat opposite an elder and listened to him talking about the rural system reform. As he spoke, he rotated an exquisite globe on the desk with his hand:<br />
<br />
“如果说中国的农业改革出现了奇迹,它的秘密在什么地方?我认为在’家庭’两个字。这是逼出来的。现在我们千万不能把家庭经营的基础搞掉。从农业上来说,在发达国家,大量存在的是家庭农场。加拿大家庭农场占百分之九十以上,在美国,取得效益最大的也是家庭农场。社会的发展,还受家庭发展的制约。中国的基本国情是家庭这个细胞根深蒂固。几个家庭结合在一起,就不如一个家庭发展快……<br />
<br />
"If there is a miracle in China's agricultural reform, where is its secret? I think it lies in the word family. Because there is no choice. Now we must not get rid of the foundation of family management. In terms of agriculture, there are a large number of family farms in developed countries. Canadian family farms account for more than 90%, and in the United States, family farms have achieved the greatest benefits. The development of society is also restricted by family development. The basic national condition of China is that the family is deeply rooted. If several families are combined, they will not develop as fast as one family...<br />
<br />
“中国农村的自然半自然、自给半自给的传统经营方式,将要被摧毁。一个巨大的、繁荣的中国农村市场将要在世界上出现!<br />
<br />
"The natural, semi-natural, self-sufficient and semi-self-sufficient traditional business model in China's rural areas will be destroyed. A huge and prosperous Chinese rural market will appear in the world!"<br />
<br />
“太平洋经济时代将要到来!世界的经济重心将从欧洲移到亚洲。在中国将要出现一条黄金海岸……”<br />
<br />
"The Pacific economic era is coming! The economic center of gravity of the world will shift from Europe to Asia. There will be a gold coast in China..."<br />
<br />
他又转动了一下地球仪,世界在迅速地旋转着。<br />
<br />
He rotated the globe again, and the world was spinning rapidly.<br />
<br />
我踏着旋转的地球,从紫光阁下走进了胶东的一座座农屋……<br />
<br />
Stepping on the rotating earth, I walked into the farmhouses in Jiaodong from under Ziguangge...<br />
<br />
兄弟们<br />
<br />
Brothers<br />
<br />
——关于性文化<br />
<br />
—Sexual Culture<br />
<br />
国外一位学者说过,只有当一个男人和一个女人结合在一起的时候才是一个完整的人,这也许就是某些长期过独身生活的人为什么在个性上存有某种怪癖的原因。<br />
<br />
A foreign scholar said that only when a man and a woman are together, they become complete people, which may be the reason why some people who have lived celibacy for a long time have some quirks in personality.<br />
<br />
我见到已经40岁的满玉贵时,他刚从滑石坑里爬上来。这个滑石专业户身上沾着白色的滑石粉,坐在那里,没有笑容,没有表情,没有言语,只是闷头抽着烟——他已被生活的雕刀雕刻成一个早衰的“滑石人”！<br />
<br />
When I met Man Yugui, who was 40 years old, he had just climbed up from the talc pit. This talc specialist is stained with white talc powder, sitting there, without smile, expression or words, just smoking a cigarette—he has been carved into an early aging "talc man" by the carving knife of life!<br />
<br />
满家是有名的“光棍堂”,兄弟三个,加一个老父亲。三间草屋住着四个光棍, 没有空间容纳异性。<br />
<br />
The Man family were famous bachelors, with three brothers and an old father. There were four bachelors living in three huts without room for the opposite sex.<br />
<br />
大队干部像在为一块化石做讲解:“……咱村守着滑石山,过去不让开,后来王 济夫书记在喇叭里号召大伙儿勤劳致富,弟兄三个去年干了一年,成了万元户……是不是玉贵?”<br />
<br />
The cadres of the brigade seemed to be explaining for a fossil: "... Our village guards the talc mountain and prohibited others from mining. Later, Secretary Wang Jifu called on everyone to work hard and get rich in the horn. The three brothers worked for a year last year and became the household with 10,000 yuan... Right, Yugui? "<br />
<br />
满玉贵抬起头来,不正眼看人,“嗯”了一声,又闷下头去。<br />
<br />
Man Yugui looked up, didn't look at people. "Yes", and he lowered his head again.<br />
<br />
“去年盖了四间新瓦房,老六说上了媳妇。先弟弟,后哥哥……是不是玉贵?”<br />
<br />
"Last year, four new tile houses were built, and the sixth child of your family got married. The First one who got married was your little brother, then your older brother... Right, Yugui?"<br />
<br />
这话半带戏谑,满玉贵脖子转了转,没有吱声。<br />
<br />
This was kind of banter, so Man Yugui turned around without making a reply.<br />
<br />
满玉贵也曾有过美好的青春年华,身上充满了生命的汁水。可是,当他进入 “青春发育期”的同时,也进入了“饥寒交迫期”。那一年,老五得了“老虎卡”死在医院里,交不上住院费,医院不让往回拉尸首,一家人四处求借,又把一口半大猪卖掉,才把小尸首拉回来。没几天老三得了同样的病,医院干脆拒之门外,活活死在家里了。<br />
<br />
Man Yugui once had the best years, and his body was full of the juice of life. However, when he entered the puberty period, he also entered the "hunger and cold period". That year, Lao Wu infected leprosy and died in the hospital. They couldn't pay the hospitalization fee, so the hospital wouldn't let them pull the corpse back. The family asked for loans everywhere, and sold a pig neither too big nor too little so that they could pull the corpse back. A few days later, the third child got the same disease, so the hospital simply turned away and the child died at home.<br />
<br />
从那,900元的债务一直压得四条汉子直不起腰来。<br />
<br />
Since then, the debt of 900 yuan put pressure on the four men.<br />
<br />
一位心理学家说,青年期的本能发动是青年人格再造的契机。面前端坐不动的满玉贵,不正是由于两种饥饿、两种压抑造成的性格的变形吗?<br />
<br />
A psychologist said that the instinct of youth is an opportunity for young people to rebuild their personality. For Man Yugui, who sat still, was it not because of the deformation of character caused by two kinds of hunger and two kinds of depression?<br />
<br />
“你们都帮帮他的忙啊!”我对众人说。<br />
<br />
"You all help him!" I said to everyone.<br />
<br />
有人插话:“前天邻村一个治保主任坐拖拉机摔死了,撇下媳妇和两个孩子。”<br />
<br />
Someone interjected: "The day before yesterday, a security director in a neighboring village fell to his death on a tractor, leaving his wife and two children."<br />
<br />
我说:“抓紧给办!”<br />
<br />
I said, "Hurry up and fix them up!"<br />
<br />
一个笑容在满玉贵脸上闪过,充满羞涩,也充满向往,像乌云遮蔽的天空忽然显出的一道霞光,把一个秘密也透露出来——前些年由于物质生活的匮乏,这个老光棍已经断了娶亲的念头,现在的致富之路又唤起了他的阳刚萌动,“死灰复燃”。不久前,县里开专业户代表大会,满玉贵特意去做了一身料子服,他要像个人样地走在女同胞面前！<br />
<br />
He flashed a smile, full of shyness and yearning, like a sudden glow in the sky covered by dark clouds, revealing a secret. A few years ago, due to the lack of material life, this old bachelor had given up getting married, but now his wealth aroused his masculinity. Not long ago, the county held a specialist congress, and Man Yugui specially tailored a woollen cloth to his needs. He wanted to walk in front of women in dignity!<br />
<br />
今天的性文化尚受着经济的制约。当我们清算“左”的路线对中国农村造成 的挫伤时,很少把性——这一具有人类意义的事情考虑在内！<br />
<br />
Today's sex culture is still restricted by economy. When we think of the influence caused by the left-wing politics to rural China, we seldom take sex, which is of human significance, into account!<br />
<br />
“你要去坑里看看吗?就早一些……”满玉贵面孔对着我,眼睛却不看我。<br />
<br />
"Do you want to go to the pit to have a look? Just earlier..." Man Yugui faced me, but he didn't look at me.<br />
<br />
我随他下到了深深的滑石坑里,那里面又潮湿又黑暗,有些地方要趴下身子才能过得去。<br />
<br />
I followed him down into the deep talc pit, which was damp and dark, and there were places where I had to lie down to get by.<br />
<br />
他每天就下到这里面,跪在地上,用镐头一下下刨掘着,然后用辘伊绞上去。那是对自己命运的刨掘,对失去年华的刨掘,他要从那里面寻找出失落的希望吗?<br />
<br />
He goes down here every day, kneels on the ground, digs down with a pick, and then use manual crane to send talc up. Is that the digging of his own destiny, the digging of the lost years? And dose he want to find out the lost hope from it?<br />
<br />
回到满玉贵家来,76岁的老父亲气喘吁吁地对我说:“早年给玉贵提亲的也有,一打听,弟兄多,不干;这几年有提的,问有房吗? 一听还没盖,又不干。哥哥没有,弟弟也不找,两个都误下了……这眼下钱不愁了,俺打算再盖他八间房,给老大和老二娶上媳妇,俺也就没心事啦。”<br />
<br />
When I returned to Man Yugui's home, his 76-year-old father panted and said to me: "There were also people who proposed marriage to Yugui in the early years. After they inquired, they found there were many brothers so they gave up. In recent years, some people also proposed marriage. After they knew we didn’t have a house, they gave up. The older brother didn’t find a wife, so the younger brother also didn’t do that. Both of them missed good timing... Now we are free from worries of money, so I plan to build many houses for them to marry a daughter-in-law. After that, I have nothing on my mind."<br />
<br />
对面是老六的新房。那是沙漠里的一片绿洲,那是一座不会幻灭的“海市蜃楼”！<br />
<br />
Opposite was the sixth child's new house. It was an oasis in the desert, a mirage that will not be disillusioned!<br />
<br />
新房是一个诱人的红火的世界。顶棚上裱着粉红色的花纸,坑上放着火红花被。屋子里到处都是“花”:花瓶里插着的,镜子上挂着的,塑料花盆里“开”着的, 还有缝纫机上蒙着的……玻璃板下压着小夫妻到大连旅游结婚留下的合影。有一幅是在圆明园“创造世界”的石碑下照的。新房充满了温馨的气息。<br />
<br />
The new house was an attractive red world. The ceiling was plastered with pink flower paper, and red flower quilts were placed on the heatable brick bed. There were "flowers" everywhere in the house: those put in vases, those hanging on mirrors, those blooming in plastic flowerpots, and those covered on sewing machines... Under the glass plate were photos of this young couple traveling to Dalian for marriage. One was taken under the stone tablet of Creating the World in Yuanmingyuan. The new house was full of warmth.<br />
<br />
新媳妇从山上回来了,她粗壮,健康,圆圆的脸盘,双眼皮,长得很喜相,而且, 她的腹部已经微微隆起……<br />
<br />
The new daughter-in-law came back from the mountain. She was thick and healthy, with a round and endearing face and double eyelids. Her belly had slightly bulged...<br />
<br />
她走进了这个家庭,不但实现了一个“人”的个性的和谐与完美,也给这个濒于破灭的家庭带来了生气和活力。<br />
<br />
When she entered this family, she not only realized the harmony and perfection of a human personality, but also brought vitality to this shattered family.<br />
<br />
新媳妇在炕前叠着从院里收回的一堆衣服,不时用目光瞟一下陌生的客人。<br />
<br />
She was folding a pile of clothes got from the courtyard in front of their heatable brick bed, and glanced at strange guests from time to time.<br />
<br />
而满玉贵站在门外,一直没有踏进这个“世界”,也从不看他的弟媳一眼,只顾闷头抽着烟。阳光下,他的脸有几分涨红。<br />
<br />
Man Yugui stood outside the door, never set foot in this world, never looked at his sister-in-law, and he only smoked. In the sun, his face turned a little red.<br />
<br />
他站在幸福的门外,<br />
<br />
He stood outside the door of happiness,<br />
<br />
丢掉了钥匙。<br />
<br />
lost the key.<br />
<br />
他在等待着,<br />
<br />
He was waiting,<br />
<br />
寻找钥匙的人归来……<br />
<br />
waiting for the one who looked for the key returned...<br />
<br />
姊妹们<br />
<br />
Sisters<br />
<br />
——关于女性的尊严<br />
<br />
—About the Dignity of Women<br />
<br />
这是在著名的“金城天府”招远县城里,一个“姊妹理发店”的招牌,受委屈似的挂在凹进去的街面上。<br />
<br />
This is in Zhaoyuan County, the famous Jincheng Tianfu. The signboard of Sister Barber Shop hung on the crooked street as if it felt wronged.<br />
<br />
这招牌引起我的好奇心:“这是农村来的个体户吧?”<br />
<br />
This signboard aroused my curiosity: "Is this a self-employed person from the countryside?"<br />
<br />
陪同我的同志神秘地朝我摆摆手:“别提它了!”<br />
<br />
The comrade accompanying me mysteriously waved his hand to me: "Don't mention this!"<br />
<br />
“怎么回事?”<br />
<br />
"What's going on?"<br />
<br />
“不正经……卖淫。”<br />
<br />
"This is monkey business... prostitution."<br />
<br />
“这不会!”我不知为什么一下子就站在她们的立场上,“光天化日之下,怎么可能呢?再说有街道,有公安。”<br />
<br />
"Impossible!" I didn't know why I suddenly stood in their position. "How is it possible in broad daylight? Besides, there are streets and police."<br />
<br />
“街上都这么说。”<br />
<br />
"That's what all people say."<br />
<br />
“你见过吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have you seen it?"<br />
<br />
“没有。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“我们下午去理理发吧!”<br />
<br />
"Let's have a haircut this afternoon!"<br />
<br />
“不 我不去。”<br />
<br />
"No, I won't go."<br />
<br />
下午,我们还是一起去了。但陪同我的同志跨进姊妹理发店时的神色是紧张的,还下意识地回身看了一下是否有熟人瞧见。<br />
<br />
In the afternoon, we still go there together. But the comrade who accompanied me looked nervous when he stepped into this barber shop, and subconsciously turned around to see if any acquaintances had seen him.<br />
<br />
屋里的理发设施一应俱全。墙上挂着《大众电影》《大众电视》《人民文学》和一些小人书。长案上放着一些摇铃、汽车、吹塑动物等儿童玩具,长案下面还放着一些雨伞。经营者的慧心可鉴。<br />
<br />
Hairdressing facilities were available in the house. There were ''Popular Movies'', ''Popular TV'', ''People's Literature'' and some linked pictures hanging on the wall. There were children's toys such as bells, cars and blow mold animals on the long desk, and umbrellas under tit. The operators' wisdom can be learned.<br />
<br />
三姊妹身穿白色的工作服,正忙于刀剪声中。她们的年龄在16至25岁之间。 都生得白皙、苗条。老大温柔、沉静,烫着“波浪式老二留着“波卷式”,看得出性格比较活泼、伶俐;老三是“青年式”,嘴角上含着一股刚强之气。她们的目光一直低垂着,里面藏着沉重的东西。<br />
<br />
Dressed in white overalls, the three sisters were busy with the sound of knives and scissors. They were between 16 and 25 years old and were all fair-skinned and slim. The eldest was gentle, quiet, with wavy hair, and the second had shag hairstyle, which showed that she was lively and clever; The third had short hair, with an air of confidence on the corners of her mouth. Their eyes have been lowered, with heavy things hidden inside.<br />
<br />
大姐理完了一个,淡淡地望了我ー下,那就是她的语言了。我过去坐定后,主动和她搭讪:<br />
<br />
The oldest sister finished cutting one’ hair and looked at me gently. That was her language. After I went to sit down, I took the initiative to chat up her:<br />
<br />
“你们是从哪里来的?”<br />
<br />
"Where do you come from?"<br />
<br />
“陈家沙埠。”她很矜持。<br />
<br />
"Chenjia shabu." She was very reserved.<br />
<br />
“家里几口人?”<br />
<br />
"How many people are there in the family?"<br />
<br />
“七 口。”<br />
<br />
"Seven."<br />
<br />
“分了多少责任田?”<br />
<br />
"How many fields you are responsible for are divided?"<br />
<br />
“三亩。”<br />
<br />
"Three mu."<br />
<br />
“种地怎么办?”<br />
<br />
"What about farming?"<br />
<br />
“农忙了回去。”<br />
<br />
"When it is busy for farming, we’ll come back."<br />
<br />
“吃饭呢?”<br />
<br />
"What about meals?"<br />
<br />
“原来从家里带,现在买着吃。”<br />
<br />
"We used to bring them from home and buy them now."<br />
<br />
“住在哪里呢?”<br />
<br />
"Where do you live?"<br />
<br />
她乜了一眼镜子里的我,冷冷地:“城里。”便垂下眼皮,不愿再回答我的问话。<br />
<br />
She squinted at me in the mirror and said coldly, "In the city." She then lowered her eyelids and refused to answer my question.<br />
<br />
姑娘,你不要误解了文学,生活走到哪里,文学就跟到哪里。它愿做每ー个生 命的守护神,为她艰难的跋涉喊一声号子,为她暗夜的寻觅送ー支烛光。姑娘,愿 意向我打开你的心扉吗?<br />
<br />
Girl, don't misunderstand literature. Wherever life goes, literature will follow. It is willing to be the patron saint of every life, sing a work song for her difficult trek, and send a candlelight for her search in the dark night. Girl, would you like to open your heart to me?<br />
<br />
姑娘的名字叫郝朝霞,两个妹妹叫郝彩霞和郝丽霞。这是霞光一样美丽的名 字,却落在一个贫穷的村庄里。干部走马灯似的换了一茬又一茬,到如今村里一个工副业项目也没有。队里规定:凡是劳动カ都得向大队交费用。男劳力每年交二百,女劳力每年交一百（这和那些商品生产发展比较好的大队,给予农田补贴形成了鲜明的对比）。她们家欠着队里600多元的账,郝朝霞初中毕业后,只得辍学回村,跟着当理发员的父亲学起了理发……<br />
<br />
The girl's name is Hao Zhaoxia, and her two sisters are Hao Caixia and Hao Lixia. They are beautiful names like twilight colors, but these girls lived in a poor village. Officials have changed one after another, and now there is no sideline project in the village. It was stipulated in the production team that all laborers had to pay fees to the team. Male laborers paid 200 yuan a year, while female laborers paid 100 yuan a year, which was in sharp contrast to those teams with better commodity production development and agricultural subsidies). Their family owed more than 600 yuan to the team, so Hao Zhaoxia had to drop out of school and return to the village after graduating from junior high school, and learned hairdressing with her father who was a hairdresser...<br />
<br />
“姊妹理发店”的牌子在招远县城挂起来了!那店牌牌上的字是干了一辈子理发营生的老父亲亲手写的。<br />
<br />
The signboard of Sister Barber Shop has been hung up in Zhaoyuan County! The words on the shop signboard were written by their old father who had worked as a barber all his life.<br />
<br />
农村姑娘进城办第三产业,这本身就是一种挑战,向国营企业的“铁饭碗”挑战,向传统的习俗挑战!这种挑战必然要遇到传统势力的反击。<br />
<br />
Rural girls go to the city to run the tertiary industry, which is a challenge in itself, to the "iron rice bowl" of state-owned enterprises and to traditional customs! This kind of challenge is bound to meet the counterattack of traditional authorities.<br />
<br />
她们按照美的原则去修剪着生活,而生活却把丑恶推到她们面前——<br />
<br />
They trimmed life according to the principle of beauty, but life pushes ugliness before them.<br />
<br />
一群喝醉了酒的青工晚上闯进来,视这些农民的女儿如手心玩物,口出秽言; 一个心怀叵测的人把一张纸条塞给姑娘,约她幽会;捕风捉影的谣言随之而起……<br />
<br />
A group of drunken young workers broke in at night, treating these farmers' daughters as playthings and uttering filthy words. A person with sinister motives stuffed a note to a girl and asked her to meet secretly. Then people put two and two together and made five...<br />
<br />
在中国,有什么比这种道德的飞短流长更能置人于死地?有人要把无形的裹布重新缠到她们脚上。<br />
<br />
In China, what can kill people more than spreading embroidered stories and malicious gossip of them in terms of morals? Someone wanted to wrap the invisible cloth around their feet again.<br />
<br />
这个小小的理发店,离县政府并不远。但愿妇联、共青团的目光早日注意到她们!<br />
<br />
This small barber shop was not far from the county government. I hoped the All-China Women's Federation and the Communist Youth League will notice them as soon as possible!<br />
<br />
临别时我对她们说:“你们可以把土地转让出去,专一在城里从事这项工作,还可以在城里买地皮、盖楼房,理直气壮地生活!”她们不时地发问:“这行吗? 行吗?”<br />
<br />
When I left, I said to them: "You can transfer the land and do this job in the city. You can also buy land, build houses and live confidently in the city!" From time to time, they ask, "Is this feasible?"<br />
<br />
行的!扬起头来吧,姐妹们!你们已经作为先进生产力的代表,走上了历史的舞台！用你们手中的剪刀,去剪断传统束缚在你们身上的绳索。这是新的妇女运动史！在韧性的抗争中,取得你们的自尊、自强、自重、自爱！<br />
<br />
Sure! Raise your head, sisters! As representatives of advanced productive forces, you have stepped onto the stage of history! Use the scissors in your hands to cut the ropes that are traditionally bound to you. This is the new history of women's campaign! In the struggle of resilience, you gain your self-esteem, self-improvement, self-respect and self-love!<br />
<br />
女性的尊严,在你们自身的创造之中！<br />
<br />
The dignity of women is in your own creation!<br />
<br />
夫妻们<br />
<br />
Couples<br />
<br />
——关于夫妻关系<br />
<br />
—About the relationship between husband and wife<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系一:蘑菇,开门吧!）<br />
<br />
(Relationship one: Mushroom, open the door!)<br />
<br />
他,姜希增,腰里掖上一头“猪”,千里迢迢去山西原平农学院找一位李教授。 他在《中国青年》上看到李教授关于食用猴头菌可以抑制癌症的文章,专程去拜师——他的父亲和祖母都是因为癌症过世的。<br />
<br />
He, Jiang Xizeng, tied a pig to his waist and set out on the long trek to Shanxi Yuanping Agricultural College to find a professor Li. He read Professor Li's article about eating Hericium erinaceus to inhibit cancer in China Youth, so he made a special trip to formally acknowledge him as his master, for his father and grandmother both died of cancer.<br />
<br />
他从山西买回了菌种,他回家来搞的试验却失败了。<br />
<br />
He bought the strain from Shanxi, but the experiment at home failed.<br />
<br />
妻子史春芝犯了胃溃疡,在炕上一边哼哼一边抱怨:“家里穷得连饭都吃不上, 你把一头猪胡摆治了……”<br />
<br />
His wife, Shi Chunzhi, committed a gastric ulcer and complained while humming on the heatable brick bed: "We are too poor to eat food, but you should waste a pig..."<br />
<br />
姜希增一肚子火气正没处出,吼了一声:“老娘儿们家就会穷叨叨！”<br />
<br />
Jiang Xizeng found nowhere to give vent to his anger, so he yelled: "You old pussy chatters like a magpie!"<br />
<br />
这使史春芝大为伤心,她本来就满肚子委屈。当初和他结婚,那是冲他在外面“吃国库粮”,指望跟他“跳农门”,上大城市。1961年工厂下马,他捧着个“光荣证”回了乡。混不上吃,混不上穿,每年靠一位吃薪金的叔叔捎包旧衣裳、补贴20块钱接济。两口子每有龃龉,史春芝总少不了一句传统骂语:“当初俺上了你 的当!”<br />
<br />
This made Shi Chunzhi very sad. She was already full of grievances. She married him because he had urban household registration, and she expected to get rid of the identity of a farmer with him and go to a big city. In 1961, when the factory was closed, he returned to his hometown with a Certificate of Honor. He can’t make both ends meet, so he relied on an uncle who had salary to take old clothes and subsidize 20 yuan every year. Every time the couple had disagreements, Shi Chunzhi always cursed him out: "I was taken in by you at the beginning!"<br />
<br />
每听到这里,姜希增都不再吱声,好像这桩婚姻完全是由于他的骗局造成的。<br />
<br />
Every time he heard this, he stopped speaking, as if his scam was the culprit of their marriage.<br />
<br />
他想再去一趟山西,却筹集不起路费。<br />
<br />
He wanted to go to Shanxi again, but he couldn't afford the travelling expenses.<br />
<br />
后来听说莱阳农学院也有微生物课程,便瞒着老婆骑上自行车去了,在学校大门口见人就拦:“哪个老师教微生物?管种蘑菇?”<br />
<br />
Later, he heard that Laiyang Agricultural College also had microbiology courses, so he rode his bicycle without telling his wife. He stopped everyone he saw at the gate of this college: "Which teacher teaches microbiology and know how to plant mushrooms?"<br />
<br />
史春芝一天没有见到丈夫,心中好生纳闷,待傍晚看到他又傻呵呵带着ー些菌种回来时,ー赌气关上了房门。<br />
<br />
Shi Chunzhi didn't see her husband for a day, so she was puzzled. When she saw him come back with some strains with an air of idiocy in the evening, she closed the door in anger.<br />
<br />
“他妈,开门吧!”<br />
<br />
"My wife, open the door!"<br />
<br />
没有吱声,和旧生活告别的夜晚是凄冷的。<br />
<br />
There was no reply. The night of saying goodbye to the old life is chilly.<br />
<br />
“蘑菇,开门吧!”<br />
<br />
"Mushroom, open the door!"<br />
<br />
蘑菇向他把门敞开了!他在室内试种了 20平方米的蘑菇,获得了可喜的 收成!<br />
<br />
Mushrooms opened the door to him! He planted experimentally 20 square meters of mushrooms indoors and got a gratifying harvest!<br />
<br />
姜希增又拿出半亩责任田来种植他的理想。1983年收入9000斤蘑菇,纯收入5000多元;菌种收入3000多元。还有个收益是老婆的变化,她的胃溃疡竟然吃蘑菇吃好了,脾气也变好了。<br />
<br />
Jiang Xizeng took out half a mu of farmland he was responsible for to plant his ideal. In 1983, he harvested 4,500 kg of mushrooms, and the net income was more than 5,000 yuan. The income of strains was more than 3,000 yuan. Another benefit was the change of his wife. Her gastric ulcer was cured by eating mushrooms and her temper has improved.<br />
<br />
现在姜希增是胶东有名的“蘑菇状元”。他不仅在本村带起了十几个专业户, 还搞“技术输出”,应邀到各地做技术指导,光缴学费的学生就有60多人。<br />
<br />
Now Jiang Xizeng is a famous "mushroom champion" in Jiaodong. He not only nurtured more than a dozen specialists in the village, but also exported technology. He was invited to give technical guidance in various places. More than 60 students paid tuition fees alone.<br />
<br />
“他出去跑,家里这ー摊子就揭给我!”史春芝爽快地对我说。<br />
<br />
"He went to other places, and I'm in charge of business at home!" Shi Chunzhi said to me readily.<br />
<br />
“你会吗?”<br />
<br />
"Do you know how to stay in business?"<br />
<br />
“看也看会了！过去我不是反对他,是对经济不放心。孩子还上学,拉下饥荒怎么办?现在他花3000多块钱买设备,我都不说他……”<br />
<br />
"I have been seeing him do this for a long time! In the past, I was not against him, but worried about money. Our children are still in school, so what should we do if we are in debt? Now he spends more than 3,000 yuan to buy equipment, but I don't even blame him..."<br />
<br />
姜希增自得地坐在“生当作人杰,死亦为鬼雄”的诗联下,他不但敲开了致富之门,也在“拜师”的热潮中得到了一种精神的满足,一种人格和道德的完善。现在他反过来挑剔着妻子:“老娘儿们家眼光就是短浅,光认钱。有几个钱,又烧得慌,要给孩子做’将军服’,你怎么不做个’元帅服’、做个蟒袍玉带?老百姓要穿老百姓服!”<br />
<br />
Jiang Xizeng sat proudly under the poetic couplet of "Be man of men while you're alive, And soul of souls if you're dead." He not only knocks on the door to be successful, but also gets spiritual satisfaction and personality and moral perfection in the upsurge of "taking others as their teacher". Now he is critical of his wife in turn: "You old ladies are short-sighted and only pay attention to money. If you have money, it will burn a hole in your pocket, and you want to make a general uniform for your children. Why don't you make a marshal uniform and an emperor’s uniform? Ordinary people should wear ordinary people's clothes!"<br />
<br />
史春芝像个少女似的,嗔怪地瞧他一眼:“就你能!”把一杯浓茶摆到他面 前……<br />
<br />
Shi Chunzhi looked at him like a girl, and rebuked: "You are too arrogant!" And she put a cup of strong tea before him...<br />
<br />
商品生产调节了这个家庭的夫妻关系,虽然它不免带一点“夫贵妻荣”的封建 色彩,但毕竟是靠自己的劳动换来的和谐和荣耀!<br />
<br />
Commodity production adjusts the relationship between husband and wife in this family. Although it inevitably has feudalism of "when husband is rich, his wife is proud", it is harmony and glory exchanged by one's own labor after all!<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系二:空中丝绸之路）<br />
<br />
(Relationship two: Silk Road in the air)<br />
<br />
我在牟平龙泉乡访问了一对年轻夫妇,他们乘坐飞机到西藏销售服装,开辟空中“丝绸之路”,充满了传奇色彩。这不仅意味着他们的时间观念和生活方式的改变,其中还包含着一种象征:新一代农民在起飞。<br />
<br />
I visited a young couple in Longquan Township, Muping. They flew to Tibet to sell clothes by taking a plane so as to blaze a Silk Road in the air, which was full of legends. This means not only the change of their concept of time and lifestyle, but also a symbol: a new generation of farmers is becoming better.<br />
<br />
小媳妇叫于政芳,今年23岁,她已经不甘于母亲那样的生活一把一双脚用 布裹起来,一生厮守着锅台和鸡窝。首先在“终身大事”上,她就挨弃了 “媒妁之言,父母之命”的旧传统。<br />
<br />
The wife was Yu Zhengfang, 23 years old. She was unwilling to live like her mother who wrapped her feet in cloth and stayed with kitchen and chicken coops all her life. First of all, in the lifelong important event, she abandoned the old tradition of an arranged marriage.<br />
<br />
从我记事起,村里就有一些不断翻新的有关婚俗的儿歌:“小嫂小嫂快快长,长大了跟村长,穿皮鞋嘎嘎响……”“ー个兜的靠边站,两个兜的看ー看,三个兜的叫爹也干!”发展到近来已是:“收音机带相片儿（电视）,缝纫机带锁边儿,自行车带冒烟儿,手表带跑星期天儿。”这些儿歌虽不能登大雅之堂,却在某种程度上反映了经济变化对人们婚姻观的影响。<br />
<br />
As far as I can remember, there have been some children's songs about marriage customs that are constantly being changed in the village: "Little sister-in-law grows up quickly so that you can go with the village head who wears rattling leather shoes..." "People with one pocket stand aside, two pockets can be thought of, and three pockets can even be called daddy!" Recently, it has been: "Radios with pictures (TV), sewing machines with overlocking function, bicycles with smoke (motorcycle), watches with Sunday (day-date watches)." Although these children's songs can't be elegant, they reflect the influence of economic changes on people's marriage views to some extent.<br />
<br />
而今,姑娘们在寻找发展商品生产中涌现出来的能人。于政芳就是几年前到威海给包工的农民做饭时,认识了“工头”吕宝帅,主动求爱的。<br />
<br />
Nowadays, girls are looking for talented people emerging in the process of the development of commodity production. Yu Zhengfang met Lyu Baoshuai, a labor contractor, and took the initiative to woo him when she went to Weihai to cook for migrant workers a few years ago.<br />
<br />
我第一次去吕宝帅家访问,夫妇双双去温州做生意去了,只有外公带着小燕妮（看来他们还是崇拜马克思的）在家看门。<br />
<br />
When I visited Lyu Baoshuai's home for the first time, both husband and wife went to Wenzhou to do business. Only the grandfather took care of little Yanni (It seemed that they still worshiped Marx) and acted as a doorkeeper.<br />
<br />
我第二次访问见到了于政芳。她上着粉红色的确良夏衫,下着乳白色的百褶裙,坐在折叠椅上。而炕头上横着一个一米多长的老式大枕头。<br />
<br />
I met Yu Zhengfang on my second visit. She wore a pink Dacron summer shirt and a milky white pleated skirt, sitting on a folding chair. On the heatable brick bed was an old-fashioned pillow more than one meter long.<br />
<br />
挺秀气、时髦的一个姑娘,一张口却不时显露出粗野——她保留着祖辈传下来的一些语汇:“驴XX进的”“妈拉个腿儿”……而一提及夫妻关系,她总是说成“老婆汉子”。<br />
<br />
She was very delicate and fashionable, but when she spoke something, her rudeness could be seen from time to time. She spoke some vocabularies handed down from her ancestors like motherfucker, son of a bitch... and when it comes to the relationship between husband and wife, she always says "man and wife".<br />
<br />
她讲起坐飞机的感受:“真舒服呀！开始上升的时候难受一阵儿,飞平了什么也觉不出来。云彩绒嘟嘟的,伸手就能抓住,就和画上的嫦娥奔月ー样……”乘了几个来回的飞机,她体验了“嫦娥奔月”和“仙女下凡”的滋味。上百元一张的飞机票,节省了14天的时间,这是他们的父辈所不具有的时间价值观。<br />
<br />
She talked about the feeling of taking a plane: "It's so comfortable! When the plane started to rise, I felt uncomfortable, but I couldn't feel anything when it flew flat. Clouds are velvet, and you can catch them with your hand, just like the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon in the painting..." After several round-trip planes, she experienced "Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" and "Fairy going down to earth". A plane ticket hundreds of yuan saved 14 days, which was a time value that their parents did not have.<br />
<br />
“死了也闭眼了,不光坐了飞机,还坐了大轮船!”她说着,拿出一本大相册,那上面有他们在各地的留影:有的在布达拉宫,有的在西湖苏堤,有的在上海南京路, 有的在天柱峰……那全是用自己的照相机照的,他们过着旅游式的生活。从这些相片上可以看出一个农村姑娘的演变,由“炊帚把”到烫着披肩发;由粗布衣到时髦裙装……她自豪地说:“就差香港和台湾没去了！”我看到茶盘里堆着些废车票, 那是没有人给他们报销的。<br />
<br />
"It’s worth dying for taking a plane and a ship!" While she said, she took out a big photo album with pictures of them in various places: some in Potala Palace, some in Su Di of West Lake, some in Nanjing Road of Shanghai, and some in Tianzhu Peak … They were all taken with their own camera, and they lived a tourist life. From these photos, we can see the evolution of a rural girl, from flyaway hair to curly hair and from coarse cloth to fashionable skirt... She proudly said: "We only have not gone Hong Kong and Taiwan!" I saw some old tickets piled up in the tea tray, which can’t be reimbursed.<br />
<br />
“现在还去西藏吗?”<br />
<br />
"Are you still going to Tibet?"<br />
<br />
“不去了,最后一趟让人坑了一下子。”她不愿讲被“坑”的详情,也不讲丈夫出差去了哪里,忽然对着外屋喊了声:“凯乐!”（那是印度故事影片《奴里》中一条狗的名字）接着一条大黄狗欢跳着跑进来。这个农民的女儿剥开一块价值两盒火柴的金纸奶糖,向空中一丢,大黄狗熟练地ー下咬到嘴里,甜甜地嚼起来。她接着又剥开了第二块……<br />
<br />
"No, some people cheated us in our last trip." She didn't want to tell the details of being cheated or where her husband went on a business trip. Suddenly, she shouted to the outhouse: "Khairoo!" (That's the name of a dog in the Indian feature film Noorie). Then a big yellow dog jumps in happily. This farmer's daughter peeled off a piece of toffee wrapped with gold paper worth two boxes of matches and threw it into the air. The dog skillfully bit it into her mouth and chewed this sweet food. She then peeled off a second piece...<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系三:青烟升处有人家）<br />
<br />
(Relationship 3: There are people in a place where smoke is curling upward)<br />
<br />
1983年冬月,邢春香去江苏金湖县农机厂看望当临时工的儿子,这是她第一次出远门。<br />
<br />
In the winter of 1983, Xing Chunxiang went to Jinhu County Agricultural Machinery Factory in Jiangsu Province to visit her son who worked as a temporary worker. This was her first time to travel to a distant place.<br />
<br />
她在那里看到橡胶车间全是女工,活儿不累,也挺赚钱,设备只是ー个压力板和一个小烘炉。<br />
<br />
She saw that the rubber workshop was full of women workers there. It was easy to work and make money. The equipment was just a pressure plate and a small oven.<br />
<br />
邢春香带了几个橡胶制品回来,和老头子肖振竹商量:“咱办个家庭工厂吧。” 老头子摇摇头说:“上哪弄资金?”邢春香说:“现在兴贷款,挣了再还!”老头子又愁销路,邢春香说:“孩子有个干爹跑供销,能帮忙。再说一回生,两回熟,三回成了老主顾。”老头子还愁没技术,邢春香说:“咱儿子就能当老师!”<br />
<br />
Xing Chunxiang brought back some rubber products and discussed with his husband Xiao Zhenzhu: "Let's set up a family factory." The old man shook his head and said, "Where can we get the money?" Xing said: "Now it’s popular to loan money from a bank, we can pay it back after we earn money!" The old man was worried about the selling line again. Xing Chunxiang said, "Our child’s godfather working in supply and marketing can help. Besides, difficult the first time, easy the second. We become regular customers the third time." The old man still worried that they didn’t have the know-how, but Xing said: "Our son can be a teacher!"<br />
<br />
经过一番筹措、铺排,第一批货出厂不久,嘎嚇嚇的票子就汇过来了,这一下小山村轰动了!村里大闺女、小媳妇、壮小伙子都争着来当“工人”。现在这位老嫂子自命为“经理”,讲话满口新名词儿:<br />
<br />
After arrangement and preparation, the first batch of goods was produced from the factory, and a hefty sum of money was remitted, which caused a sensation in the small mountain village! Girls, wives and strong young men in the village were all vying to be workers. Now the old woman called herself manager, and her speech is full of new terms:<br />
<br />
“眼时咱体制小,用不了这么多人,资金也流动不开。<br />
<br />
"Now we have a small system, so we don’t need so many people so that we can make money flow."<br />
<br />
“这一次生产的都是汽车、火车上用的橡胶制品,销北京汽车装配公司,天津宏 光五金厂、吉林铁路上、银川刚拉上关系……跑外都是我,采胶得上远地,沈阳、天津……老头子从来没出过门,打怯……<br />
<br />
"This time, all the rubber products produced are used in cars and trains. They are sold to Beijing Automobile Assembly Company, Tianjin Hongguang Hardware Factory and Jilin Railway. We just pulled wires with companies in Yinchuan... I am in charge of doing business outside, and I have to buy rubber far away, like Shenyang, Tianjin... My husband has never been on a long journey, so he is timid...<br />
<br />
“说起来我进这家20来年了,连个悖悖也吃不上,光吃地瓜。一年分三四十斤小麦,不够来客的,有一口半口好吃的,也都先尽他爷们儿……”<br />
<br />
"I have married him for over 20 years, but I can't even eat a bun cake. I just eat sweet potatoes. We got thirty or forty jin of wheat a year, which is not enough for visitors. If there is a mouthful of delicious food, I’ll give it to my husband and son..."<br />
<br />
丈夫肖振竹——那个被控诉对象,在忙着做午饭,一直没有搭言。这个种庄稼能手,现在矮了半截。他作为家庭重心的时代已经结束了。<br />
<br />
Xiao Zhenzhu, the accused object, was busy cooking lunch and never spoke. This expert in planting crops is now a cut below. His time as the center of family is over.<br />
<br />
瞧这一家子<br />
<br />
Look at This Family<br />
<br />
——关于家庭内部关系<br />
<br />
—Internal Family Relations<br />
<br />
今天,以血缘关系和传统伦理道德维系着的农村家庭,正接受着新文明浪潮的冲击,正悄悄地产生着一些微妙的变化。<br />
<br />
Today, rural families, which are maintained by blood relationship and traditional ethics, are impacted by the new civilization tide and are quietly undergoing some subtle changes.<br />
<br />
这一家子是掖县徐家公社原家大队人。全家13口人,成员构成是4个儿子、3个儿媳、1个女儿、2个孙子、1个孙女,加上老两口。按常规,这个大家庭将面临分家的边缘,家长们也只能靠伦理观念和封建的家长权威来调节儿女妣姓之间的矛盾。<br />
<br />
This family is from the Yuan brigade of Xu Commune in Ye County. There are 13 people in the whole family, including 4 sons, 3 daughters-in-law, 1 daughter, 2 grandsons, 1 granddaughter, and the parents. Normally, this big family will face the division of possessions, and parents can only rely on ethical concepts and feudal parental authority to mediate contradictions among their children and sisters-in-law.<br />
<br />
1983年初,54岁的原成芳老汉为了给家中的劳力找出路,办了个家庭塑料厂。<br />
<br />
At the beginning of 1983, 54-year-old Yuan Chengfang set up a family plastic factory in order to find direction in life for laborers in his family.<br />
<br />
老汉和老伴商量:“队上办厂子为什么跨了?就是没有章程,整天打打吵吵,最后只剩下个空房子。”老伴说:“都是自己家里的人,定不定规矩不要紧。”老汉说: “那不行,丑话头里说。现在不定,以后出了问题再定就晚了。”<br />
<br />
The old man discussed with his wife: "Why did the brigade’s factory go bankrupt? Because there is no charter, and fighting and noises are on all day. Finally there is only an empty house left." His wife said: "They are all people in their own family. It doesn't matter if you decide the rules." The old man said, "Let me speak frankly, that won't work. If we don’t set rules now, it will be too late when something goes wrong in the future."<br />
<br />
晚上,老汉召集家庭会议:<br />
<br />
In the evening, the old man held a family meeting:<br />
<br />
“中央叫咱致富,咱得给政府壮壮脸,咱这个工厂要办就办好!现在竞争这么厉害,没有个章法不行,第一条咱得有个厂长!”<br />
<br />
"The central government asks us to be successful, so we should live up to its expectations. If we decide to set up a factory, we should do it well! Now the competition is so fierce, it won’t work if there is no rule. The first one is that we should have a factory director!"<br />
<br />
当然,没有人敢和老汉竞选,儿女们只觉得新鲜有趣,忍俊不禁举手通过了“爹厂长”。<br />
<br />
Of course, no one dared to run against the old man, and the children only thought it novel and interesting, so they couldn't help raising their hands and approved the proposal.<br />
<br />
老汉说:“好,我是厂长了,就按工厂的条条办。麻雀虽小,五脏俱全,下面我来给你们分分工……”<br />
<br />
The old man said, "OK, I'm the factory director now, so I'll manage it according to the rules of the factory. Even a fly has its spleen. Let me assign tasks..."<br />
<br />
这位“厂长爹”的分工是颇有心计的:大儿子兼会计;闺女兼考勤员;老四负责生产调度和质量检查、现金保管——他没成家,没有私心;老汉兼管技术和供销;老伴管“后勤”。8个劳力,分四班倒,6小时一班,每班有定额。媳妇、姑娘工资制, 每月25元,这是搽胭脂、抹粉钱,年底再分红。坚持考勤制度,迟到1分钟扣半天工资,超过5分钟扣1天工资……<br />
<br />
The factory director was quite calculating: the eldest son was an accountant; the daughter was responsible for attendance; the fourth child was responsible for production scheduling, quality inspection, and the custody of cash—he didn’t start a family, so he had no selfish motives; the old man was in charge of technology, supply and marketing; his wife was in charge of logistics. There were 8 laborers, which were divided into four shifts and they worked a 6-hour shift, with a quota for each shift. Daughters-in-law and his daughter can receive 25 yuan salary every month, which was for them to but rouge and powder, and they would have dividends at the end of the year. According to the attendance system, half-a-day salary will be deducted for being late for 1 minute, and one-day salary for more than 5 minutes...<br />
<br />
章程订出来了,全“厂”通过,大红纸一写,贴在迎门墙上。<br />
<br />
The charter was established, and everyone approved it. It was written in red paper and posted on the entrance wall.<br />
<br />
大媳妇娘家是珍珠乡大辛台人,来去30里。一次回娘家,她晚回来10分钟罚去了1天工资。大媳妇第二次回娘家,撇下已经下到锅里的饺子,一身大汗地蹬着车子赶回来。<br />
<br />
The eldest daughter-in-law was from Daxintai, Pearl Township, which was 30 miles away. Once she went back to her parents’ home, she came back 10 minutes late and was fined one day's salary. When she went back to her parents’ home for the second time, she left the dumplings that had been put into the pot, and pedaled back in a sweat.<br />
<br />
我去这个家庭工厂访问时,他们已被评为“五好家庭”,女儿原素玮被评为“好小姑”。<br />
<br />
When I visited this family factory, they had been rated as Five Virtues Family and the daughter Yuan Suwei was rated as Good Husband's Younger Sister.<br />
<br />
我问这位“好小姑”：“你和你嫂子那么好,替她多干一会儿不行吗?干吗要罚呢?”<br />
<br />
I asked her, "You and your sister-in-law have a good relationship, can't you work for her for a while? Why do you fine her for her late?"<br />
<br />
“好玄！这个嫂子误一会儿,那个嫂子误一会儿,还不把我累死!”<br />
<br />
"Your idea is strange! If this sister-in-law is late, and that sister-in-law is late, I’ll be exhausted!"<br />
<br />
他们不是在人为地创造戏剧。商品生产迫使他们走向社会。在过去从事集体生产时,家庭成员之间的经济关系,基本是在消费领域中。消费和传统的伦理家教,成为联结家庭的两个纽带。现在家庭成了一个独立的生产单位,他们不光用生产者的观点考虑问题了,还要从经营者的角度考虑技术、信息、市场,他们需要提高效率,提高竞争能力。在时间观念上,他们不能再像过去那样只分春夏秋冬,或者含糊地“吃顿饭的工夫”“抽袋烟的工夫”。家庭成员之间不仅有直接生产的关系, 还有交换劳动和交换产品的关系,甚至竞争关系!家庭成员之间的分配关系随着生产方式的改变也在发生着变化!他们像艘古老的小船驶出平静的港湾,迎着波涛向彼岸驶去,船上全体人员需要的不是固守那些陈旧的道德规范,而是要务尽职 能,变成一个协同一致的集体、奋力如一的整体,当巨轮迎面开过,涌起的惊涛要将它吞没时,它可以迅速地调转船头,驶向新的海域。<br />
<br />
They're not artificially creating drama. Commodity production forces them to go to society. In the past, when they engaged in collective production, the economic relationship among family members basically lied in the field of consumption. Consumption and traditional ethical tutoring have become two ties connecting families. Now the family has become an independent production unit. Family members not only consider problems from the producer's point of view, but also consider technology, information and market from the operator's point of view. They need to improve efficiency and competitiveness. In the concept of time, they can no longer divide time into spring, summer, autumn and winter as in the past, or vaguely into the time when eating a meal and the time when having a cigarette. There is not only a direct production relationship among family members, but also a relationship of exchanging labor and products, and even a competitive relationship! The distribution relationship among family members is also changing with the change of production mode! They sailed out of the calm harbor like an old boat, sailed to the other shore against the waves. What all the crew on board need is not to stick to the old moral norms, but to do their duty to unite together. When the huge boat passes head-on and the surging waves are going to engulf it, it can quickly turn its bow and sail to a new sea area.<br />
<br />
第六章宁海镇的共产党人<br />
<br />
Chapter 6 Communists in Ninghai Town<br />
<br />
你见过罗丹的雕塑《思想者》吗?<br />
<br />
Have you ever seen Rodin's sculpture ''The Thinker''?<br />
<br />
他赤裸着身子,肌腱隆起,头颅被思想压得低垂下来。他精神专注而严峻,你感到他是在做自身和人类命运的思考。由于思想,你感到他生命内涵的力量。<br />
<br />
He is naked, with strong tendons, and his head hangs down under the pressure of thoughts. He has focused mind a stern face, and you feel that he is thinking about himself and human destiny. Because of thought, you feel the power of his life connotation.<br />
<br />
现在坐在我对面的,是宁海镇年轻的镇委书记谢玉堂。他中等身材,略胖,浓浓的黑发呈“剑拔弩张”之势,目光兼有敦厚和睿智,举止老练持重,颇有处变不惊的大将风度。在和我交谈的间歇,不时陷入一种沉静的思索之中,那沉静中蕴含着一种激烈的奔腾。<br />
<br />
Sitting opposite me now is Xie Yutang, the young secretary of Ninghai Town Committee. He is of medium height, slightly fat, with thick black hair showing commanding presence. He is sophisticated with honest and wise eyes, like a composed general. In between conversations with me, he fell into silent thinking from time to time, and there was passion in the silence.<br />
<br />
时代把才华和命题同时给予了这位农民的儿子,他热爱生活,热爱土地。借十一届三中全会的东风,他“壮士不下马”,带领全镇人民四年跨出四大步。1978年宁海镇的工副业项目仅有20多个,现在已发展到800多个。1984年全镇总收入将达到一个亿！——宁海镇人提前16年翻两番！在我国北方,这可能算得上佼佼者！<br />
<br />
The times gave the farmer's son talent and questions, who loved life and land at the same time. Taking advantage of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, he worked hard to lead the people of the whole town to take four big steps in four years. In 1978, there were only over 20 sideline projects in Ninghai Town, but now it has grown to over 800. In 1984, the total income of the whole town will reach 100 million yuan! People’s income in Ninghai Town quadrupled 16 years ahead of schedule! In the north of China, this may be outstanding!<br />
<br />
我把旋风一样奔忙的镇委书记拖到幽静的“风云林园”。<br />
<br />
I took the busy secretary of the town committee to the quiet "Fengyun Forest Park".<br />
<br />
风云林园也是他的政绩之一。十个林区,修起了十座样式迥异的小楼,有哥特式,有古典式,有东洋式,使古老的山区洋溢着现代化的气息。这些小楼既作为各分场的场部,还准备接待科学家、教授、画家、作家（我是第一个被接待的蹩脚作家）。擅长书法的市委书记王济夫挥毫为总场场部题下“风云楼”三个大字,取风起云涌之意。<br />
<br />
Fengyun Forest Park is also one of his achievements. Ten small buildings with different styles have been built in ten forest areas, including Gothic, classical and oriental styles, which makes the ancient mountainous areas look more modernized. These small buildings serve as the field departments of each field, and are also prepared to serve scientists, professors, painters and writers (I was the first bad writer to be served). Wang Jifu, secretary of the municipal party committee who is good at calligraphy, wrote the three characters "Fengyun Building" for the general field department, meaning rising wind and clouds.<br />
<br />
“山不高而秀雅,水不深而澄清,地不广而平坦,林不大而茂盛……”谢玉堂坐 在“风云楼”内的沙发上,借《三国演义》中描绘诸葛亮隐居之地的文字,自喻风云林园。这位年轻的党务工作者的气质,已远远不同于当年的老镇长、老乡长。<br />
<br />
"The mountain is not high but beautiful; the water is not deep but clear; the land is not wide but flat; the forest is not big but lush..." Xie Yutang sat on the sofa in Fengyun Building, and imitated the words depicting Zhu Geliang's seclusion in Romance of the Three Kingdoms to describe Fengyun Forest Park. The temperament of this young party worker is far different from that of the old mayor and township head.<br />
<br />
“宁海镇的变化,应归之于三中全会后三个结构的改变。”他像个理论工作者, 也像个韬略家,开始给我讲述宁海镇繁荣的奥秘。<br />
<br />
"The changes in Ninghai Town should be attributed to the changes in the three structures after the Third Plenary Session." Like a theoretical worker and a strategist, he began to tell me the mystery of Ninghai Town's prosperity.<br />
<br />
“第一是农业内部经济结构的改变。<br />
<br />
"The first one is the change of economic structure within agriculture."<br />
<br />
“中国农村的单一经济,已经走到尽头了!我上任后把65个大队做了一次全面的调查,全社人均一亩多地,城里大队才半亩地,在土地上’翻番’能翻出个什么名堂?’汉子推,老婆拉,一天能挣四毛八。‘人,这个生产力中最积极最活跃的因素,长期以来被束缚在凝固的传统经济模式里。<br />
<br />
"The single economy in rural China has come to an end! After I took office, I made a comprehensive survey of 65 brigades. The whole commune has more than one mu per capita, and the city brigade has only half a mu of land. What can we do though our goal is double the yield? "If a man pushes and his wife pulls, he can earn 48 cents a day." People, the most active factor in production, have long been bound in the unchangeable traditional economic model.<br />
<br />
“’三级所有,队为基础’在60年代初纠正‘共产风’的时候,起了积极的作用, 但是,’队为基础’对发展商品生产起了阻碍作用。土地、资产、劳力、分配,生产队是’一统天下’,外出搞副业一天挣三块、四块,得交到生产队拉平分配。生产队把劳力死死钉在土地上,要发展商品生产,不放人权,怎么发展?毛主席在《六十条》中对'队为基础’的批语是'三十年盯不变’;再按两个'凡是’的观点,'生产队’要延续到90年代。那能行吗?<br />
<br />
"'The average size of the communes was reduced to one-third of the original, and the basic accounting unit devolved from the commune to the brigade to the production team.' It played a positive role in correcting the extreme egalitarianism in the early 1960s, but the system based on the collective ownership economy of production teams hindered the development of commodity production. Land, assets, labor and distribution were all managed by the production team, and if you go out to engage in sideline business and earn three or four yuan a day, you had to hand over to the production team for equal distribution. The production team restricted labor to the land. If we want to develop commodity production without human rights, how can we develop it? Chairman Mao's comment on it in Sixty Items is "adhering to it for 30 years". According to the Two Whatevers, the form of production team should last until the 1990s. Can that work?"<br />
<br />
“随着农村责任制的落实,商品生产的发展,劳动力的重新组合,生产队的消亡就成为ー种历史的必然。<br />
<br />
"With the implementation of the rural responsibility system, the development of commodity production and the recombination of labor, the demise of the production team has become a historical necessity.<br />
<br />
“82年秋种以后,我把全公社150个生产队长召集到ー起,向他们宣布:'你们的历史使命结束了!生产队一级将从中国的地平线上永远地消失了!这些年你们带领群众立下了汗马功劳,党和人民不会忘记你们。<br />
<br />
"After the autumn planting in 1982, I summoned 150 production captains of the whole commune and announced to them: 'Your historical mission is over! The production team will disappear forever in China! Over the years, you have led the masses to make great contributions, so the party and the people will never forget you.'"<br />
<br />
“生产队的取消,突破了一个根深蒂固的传统观念——农村,就是从事农业生产的地方。解放了的生产力,在完成着自身的历史转折,从'体力型’转向'智力型’,从'农业型’转向'农工并举型’,不停地改变着农业内部的经济结构。<br />
<br />
"The cancellation of the production team breaks a deep-rooted traditional convention that countryside is a place engaged in agricultural production. The liberated productive forces are changing their own roles historically, from 'physical type' to 'intelligence type', from 'agricultural type' to 'agricultural and industrial combined type', constantly changing the internal economic structure of agriculture."<br />
<br />
“随着农业内部经济结构的改变,农村原有的知识结构就不相适应了。农民长期以来束缚在单一的知识结构里,沿袭着神农氏就有的农业知识。机械化虽然给他们带来ー些新的东西,但没有根本改变他们板结的知识土壤。过去农业的改革,都限于优良品种的调换,复种面积的增加。农民依靠四大作物创高产致富的希望, 像肥皂泡一年又一年地破灭了。现在农民把致富的希望从农业转向商品生产,他们对知识的渴求也转向了商品生产,但是他们没有条件进行专修。我们充分发挥了全镇680多名外请技工的作用,他们用新的知识、新的文化,医治历史留给农民的'贫血症’。全镇近年又开办经营管理、财会、修配、制图、机械、铸造、电器、塑料 エ艺、铝制品等42个专业培训班140余期,成千上万的农民从板结的土地上站了起来！<br />
<br />
"With the change of the internal economic structure of agriculture, the original knowledge structure in rural areas is not suitable. Farmers have been bound in a single knowledge structure for a long time, keeping agricultural knowledge alive since ancient times. Although mechanization has brought them something new, it has not fundamentally changed their knowledge structure. In the past, agricultural reform was limited to the exchange of fine varieties and the increase of sequential cropping area. Farmers' hopes of creating high yields and getting rich by relying on the four major crops have been dashed year after year like soap bubbles. Now farmers have shifted their hope of getting rich from agriculture to commodity production, and their thirst for knowledge has also shifted to commodity production, but they have no conditions to specialize in it. We give full play to the role of more than 680 skilled workers in the town, who draw on new knowledge and new culture to cure farmers' anemia left by history. In recent years, we set up 42 professional training courses in management, accounting, repair, drawing, machinery, casting, electrical appliances, plastic arts and aluminum products with more than 140 sessions in town. Thousands of farmers stood on their feet on the hardened land!"<br />
<br />
“干部的组织结构的改变,是最重要的一条。改革首先要改'火车头’,把'蒸汽机’改成'内燃机’。我刚来的时候,全镇大队一级干部,60%以上是土改和合作化时期的老同志,习惯了搞单一农业。这几年我们逐步调整了40多个班子, 改革用人制度,铁饭碗要打破,铁椅子要推倒,把不适应商品生产、只知道’腱朝 外,头朝里,抡起大镰使劲劈’的干部调换下来。时势造就着一代新人,现在是大将出马,元帅开帐,全镇出现了一大批’混世魔王’,把个宁海镇闹得天翻地覆!”<br />
<br />
"The change of the organizational structure of cadres is the most important one. First of all, the reform should change "locomotive" and "steam engine" into "internal combustion engine". When I first came to this town, more than 60% of the cadres of the whole town brigade were old comrades who experienced the period of land reform and agricultural cooperative campaign, so they were used to engaging in single agriculture. In recent years, we have gradually adjusted more than 40 teams, reformed the employment system, broke the iron rice bowl, and replaced the cadres who were not suitable for commodity production and only knew agriculture. The times have created a new generation. Now it is generals who go out and marshals who get promotion and a large number of "demons" have appeared in the whole town, turning Ninghai town upside down!"<br />
<br />
我惊叹,这一番“结构学”出自一个年轻的农村基层干部之胸!但作为文学, 我需要索取形象。不想他“顺手牵羊”,抬手指指进来送水的林场场长曲松庆说: “他就算ー个……”<br />
<br />
I was amazed that this "structuralism" was told by a young rural grassroots cadre! But because of literature, I need to ask for an image. I don't want him to be this character, so I raised his finger and pointed Qu Songqing, the forest farm director who delivered water, and said: "He can be accounted..."<br />
<br />
不拘一格<br />
<br />
Be Not Limited to One Type<br />
<br />
——用人之道一<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain TalentsⅠ<br />
<br />
这个经营着几万亩林场的场长的出山（或叫“进山”）是别具一格的。他原是桥子大队的一个社员,谢玉堂第一次听到他的名字是从“片长”汇报中,说这个曲松庆为盖房的事情顶撞大队长,片长去批评他,也被顶了回来。<br />
<br />
This director who runs tens of thousands of mu of forest farms took on a government post, which is unique. He used to be a member of Qiaozi Brigade. Xie Yutang first heard his name from the report of the head of region, saying that Qu Songqing contradicted the captain for building a house, and he was contradicted when he criticized Qu.<br />
<br />
谢玉堂派人把曲松庆叫了来,这个年纪比镇委书记大的庄户人,带着“官官相护”的成见,在他对面坐下。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang sent someone to call Qu Songqing. This farmer, who is older than the secretary of the town committee, sat down opposite him with the prejudice of "officials protecting each other".<br />
<br />
“曲松庆,你知道我叫你来干什么吗?”<br />
<br />
"Qu Songqing, do you know what I called you for?"<br />
<br />
“知道!”曲松庆心有灵犀一点通。<br />
<br />
"Yes!" Qu Songqing understood the meaning tacitly.<br />
<br />
“你头上的小角长得还挺硬邦的呀!”<br />
<br />
"You are so stubborn!"<br />
<br />
“我割的肉在家都放臭了,大队长不让盖,把地基都给扒了 ！”<br />
<br />
"The meat I cut stinks at home. The captain won't let me build a house and even remove the foundation!"<br />
<br />
“你先把房子停下。”<br />
<br />
"You stop building your house first."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“因为你和大队有矛盾。”<br />
<br />
"Because you have conflicts with the brigade."<br />
<br />
“当初盖房是党委批准的,现在书记和大队长闹矛盾,把我牵扯进去了,但是没有理由不让我盖房子。我的料都备好了,马上就要到雨季,再说我盖起一幢房也是美化了家乡,美化了祖国……”<br />
<br />
"At the beginning, building a house was approved by the Party committee. Now the secretary and the captain have conflicts and I’m also involved, but there is no reason not to let me build a house. My materials are ready, and it is going to be the rainy season soon. Besides, the house that I build can beautify my hometown and my motherland..."<br />
<br />
曲松庆不卑不亢地对答着。他那布满血丝的眼睛里,透出一种骨气。<br />
<br />
Qu Songqing answered in a neither humble nor arrogant way. In his bloodshot eyes, there was dignity.<br />
<br />
“你先回去,等候公社派人去处理。”<br />
<br />
"You can go back first and wait for the commune to send someone to deal with it."<br />
<br />
“停下不要紧,你什么时候给我解决? ”<br />
<br />
"It doesn't matter to stop building my house, but when will you solve it for me?"<br />
<br />
“三天之内！”<br />
<br />
"In three days!"<br />
<br />
曲松庆临走站起来说:“谢书记,当领导的处理问题首先要搞好调查研究。你的批评涉及我曲松庆,对的地方,我马上执行,偏的地方,我得保留意见……”<br />
<br />
Qu Songqing stood up before leaving and said, "Secretary Xie, when a leader deals with problems, he must first do a good job of investigation and research. If your criticism involving me is right, I will correct mistakes immediately, but I will have reservations if it is wrong..."<br />
<br />
那是一个不软不硬的钉子。<br />
<br />
He is like a nail that is neither soft nor hard.<br />
<br />
一个月之后,谢玉堂第二次把曲松庆叫到办公室里来了。<br />
<br />
A month later, Xie Yutang called Qu Songqing to the office for the second time.<br />
<br />
“你找我……有事吧?”曲松庆带有戒备地看着谢玉堂。<br />
<br />
"You asked me... for something?" Qu Songqing looked at Xie Yutang with vigilance.<br />
<br />
“镇党委决定让你到南山林场担任场长!”<br />
<br />
"The town party committee decided to let you go to Nanshan Forest Farm as the director!"<br />
<br />
“我……”曲松庆吃惊地瞪大了眼睛,他不敢相信这是真的,“我……行吗?”<br />
"Me..." Qu Songqing was in surprise, with eyes wide-open. He couldn't believe it was true. "Am I up to it...?"<br />
<br />
在谢玉堂眼里,面前的这个曲松庆已毫不陌生了:他当过生产小队长,他在东 北大兴安岭伐过木,他……谢玉堂似乎并不准备打消曲松庆的疑虑,而是像对一个已经任职多年的林场场长那样说:<br />
<br />
For Xie Yutang, Qu Songqing in front of him was no stranger: he worked as a production team leader, he cut wood in Greater Khingan Range, northeast China, and he... Xie Yutang did not seem to dispel Qu Songqing's doubts, but said to him as if Qu was a forest farm director who had served for many years:<br />
<br />
“几万亩林场,战线很长,那是全镇人民用血汗把它建起来的,你得明白这个分量。现在就由你来着手组林场的班子!”<br />
<br />
"The forest farm covers tens of thousands of mu, which means it takes a long time to finish this task. It was built by the diligent people of the whole town, so you have to understand its importance. Now it is up to you to set up the team for the forest farm!"<br />
<br />
当我年底第二次见到这位从土坷垃中拨拉出来的风云林场的场长时（现在他已成为一名宁海镇的共产党人）,他已经以林场为大本营,把事业的触须伸到了四面八方:办起了宁海刺绣厂、宁海第二百货公司、风云金矿、风云羊肉馆、贸易公司、 花木公司、建筑公司、冰库、砖厂、鸡场、客车出租。这个年近半百的人,成了一个大“托拉斯”的董事长。鬼知道他还从哪里弄了一辆黑色的“上海轿子”,进山的客人都用它接送。坐在飞驰的汽车上,你可以感觉得到现代动力正冲击着古老的山区！<br />
<br />
When I met the director of Fengyun Forest Farm for the second time at the end of the year (now he has become a Communist in Ninghai Town), he has taken the forest farm as his base camp and extended his business presence to all directions: Ninghai Embroidery Factory, Ninghai No.2 Department Store Company, Fengyun Gold Mine, Fengyun Mutton Restaurant, Trading Company, Flower and Tree Company, Construction Company, Ice Bank, Brick Factory, Chicken Farm and Bus Rental. This person, who is nearly half a century old, has become the chairman of a big "Trust". Who knows where he got a black sedan made in Shanghai, which was used to pick up and drop off guests going to the mountains. Sitting in a speeding car, you can feel the modern power impacting the ancient mountain areas!<br />
<br />
好马也吃回头草<br />
<br />
A Good Horse Will Also Turn Round to Graze on an Old Pasture<br />
<br />
——用人之道二<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain TalentsⅡ<br />
<br />
谢玉堂刚上任的时候,杜家瞳是有名的“幸福村” 。所谓幸福,并非丰衣足食之喻,而是领导班子涣散,社员可以任意逍遥。全村几百口子不仅工副业项目没有一个,1981年春谢玉堂带工作组进村时,还带去5000斤救济粮!<br />
<br />
When Xie Yutang first took office, DuJiatong was a famous "happy village". The so-called happiness is not a metaphor for ample food and clothing, but a lax leadership team and carefree members. There were none of sideline projects in the village home to hundreds of residents. When Xie Yutang brought the working group into the village in the spring of 1981, he also brought 2,500 kg of relief food!<br />
<br />
老支书胡风洲和能说会道的大队长孔庆富尿不到ー个壶里,而过去来驻点的 干部们,大都倾向于老支书（人们惯于对“老”有感情）,而把孔庆富说得一无是处。<br />
<br />
Hu Fengzhou, the old branch secretary, and Kong Qingfu, the eloquent captain, had different opinions. However, most of the cadres who came to the station in the past tended to support the old branch secretary (people are used to having feelings for the old), and regarded Kong Qingfu good for nothing.<br />
<br />
为了维护领导班子的统一,谢玉堂把孔庆富的大队长职务撤掉了。<br />
<br />
In order to maintain the unity of the leadership team, Xie Yutang removed Kong Qingfu as the captain.<br />
<br />
孔庆富跑“单帮”去了,到南乡涝夼大队的果酒厂当供销员。<br />
<br />
Kong Qingfu then became a self-employed businessman and worked as a supply and marketing staff in the fruit winery of Nanxiang Laokuang Brigade.<br />
<br />
涝夼大队支书张培清,也是胶东半岛上一名豪杰。他利用昆布山天然泉水资源办起了果酒厂,出产的枣酒、桃酒闻名遐迩。<br />
<br />
Zhang Peiqing, the branch secretary of Laokuang Brigade, is also an outstanding talent on Jiaodong Peninsula. He used the natural spring water resources of Khumbu Mountain to set up a fruit winery, producing famous jujube wine and peach wine.<br />
<br />
孔庆富的“能说会道”成了发展商品生产的优势,他懂信息,会核算,能交往, 每到一处都能很快地打开局面。<br />
<br />
Kong Qingfu's eloquence has become an advantage in developing commodity production. He knows information, calculation and communication well, and can quickly solve problems everywhere.<br />
<br />
1982年2月,谢玉堂托人捎信让孔庆富回来。<br />
<br />
In February 1982, Xie Yutang sent a message to let Kong Qingfu come back.<br />
<br />
“你找我?”孔庆富心里忐忑不安。在他被撤之后,曾大大地散布了一番对镇委书记的不满。<br />
<br />
"What happened?" Kong Qingfu felt uneasy. After his dismissal, he showed his discontent twith the secretary of the town committee to many people.<br />
<br />
“我撤了你的大队长,你知道是为什么吧?”<br />
<br />
"I dismissed you from your office. Do you know why?"<br />
<br />
“知道,我欺负胡风洲!”<br />
<br />
"Yes, I can’t cooperate with Hu Fengzhou!"<br />
<br />
“你下台以后有什么感想?”<br />
<br />
"How did you feel after you stepped down?"<br />
<br />
“挺苦闷的。我年轻力壮,想干一番事业……我想党委撤了我,这辈子不会再用我了！”<br />
<br />
"I was depressed. I am young and strong, and I want to make contributions... I think the party committee has withdrawn me and will not hire me again in my life!"<br />
<br />
“你对村里的工作有什么想法?”<br />
<br />
"What do you think of the work in the village?"<br />
<br />
“俺这个村……我干比他们干好。”<br />
<br />
"This village... I can do better than them."<br />
<br />
“你们那个’幸福村‘穷成那个样子,你有什么施政纲领?”孔庆富丢掉了拘束, 对着镇委书记念开了“商品经”:上建筑、上翻砂、上果酒……果然头头是道,高人一筹。<br />
<br />
"Your 'happy village' is poor. What policies do you have?" Kong Qingfu felt at home and talked about his opinions and experience about commodity to the secretary of the town committee: buildings, casting technique and fruit wine... Without doubt, he was better than others.<br />
<br />
谢玉堂说:“党委研究一下,你准备当个工业大队长。我给你厂房,再给你一部分资金,先把果酒厂办起来,你们村还是商品生产的空白……”<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang said: "The party committee has studied it, and you are going to be a captain managing an industry. I will give you factory buildings, and then give you some funds. First, the fruit winery should be set up, because your village doesn’t have any commodity production..."<br />
<br />
一个月之后,杜家瞳村果酒厂就酿出了第一批果酒,一口大缸飘溢着醇香。镇党委成员应邀去品酒,谢玉堂酒未沾唇,先已感到了甜意。<br />
<br />
A month later, Du Village Fruit Winery produced the first batch of fruit wine, and the vat was full of mellow fragrance. Members of the town party Committee were invited to taste wine, and Xie Yutang had felt sweet before the wine touched his lips.<br />
<br />
姜是小的辣<br />
<br />
The Younger, The Wiser<br />
<br />
——用人之道三<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain Talents Ⅲ<br />
<br />
1982年春节前,谢玉堂坐孔家疃大队的吉普车去海阳开会。路上,司机说:<br />
<br />
Before the Spring Festival in 1982, Xie Yutang went to Haiyang for a meeting in the jeep of Kong Brigade. On the way, the driver said:<br />
<br />
“谢书记,我给你推荐一个人吧。”<br />
<br />
"Secretary Xie, let me recommend someone to you."<br />
<br />
"谁?”<br />
<br />
"Who?"<br />
<br />
“王家疃标准件厂的厂长王荣团。你要起用了他,王家疃就有希望了！”<br />
<br />
"Wang Rongtuan, director of Wang Standard Parts Factory. If you appoint him to a job, there will be an opportunity for Wang village to be prosperous!"<br />
<br />
“你这么熟悉他?”<br />
<br />
"You know him so well?"<br />
<br />
“他是我小舅子!”<br />
<br />
"He is my brother-in-law!"<br />
<br />
这位司机还真有点“内举不避亲”的古人风。<br />
<br />
This driver was really a bit of an ancient style of "recommending talents even if they are his relatives".<br />
<br />
对于求贤若渴的谢玉堂来说,这信息的价值不可估量,因为逐渐落后于形势的王家疃,正需要一个得力的接班人。<br />
<br />
For Xie Yutang, who was thirsty for talents, the value of this information was immeasurable, because Wang village overtaken by events needed an effective successor.<br />
<br />
从海阳回来,谢玉堂就迫不及待地去了王家疃标准件厂。年轻的厂长站在冲压床前冲压着螺栓,他那宽厚的肩膀,似乎在等待着历史交给他的新使命。<br />
<br />
After returning from Haiyang, Xie Yutang couldn't wait to go to Wang Standard Parts Factory. The young factory director stood in front of the stamping press and stamped bolts. His broad shoulders seemed to be waiting for the new mission given to him by history.<br />
<br />
这果然是个难得的能人。开始,他一个人管着大队的扬水站,守着一台柴油机,他不满足于这种赋闲的营生,建议大队利用柴油机办个磨坊,一举两得。<br />
<br />
This was really a rare capable person. At first, he personally took charge of the pumping station of the brigade and guarded a diesel engine. He was not satisfied with this idle business, so he suggested that the brigade use the diesel engine to run a mill.<br />
<br />
磨坊办起来了,他见市场上缺螺栓,就去买了一块45号钢,用钻头钻上眼,再用钢铿加工,做了一个模具,再加上一把铁锤,一个星期就出了第一批产品。附近的丝绸厂听说了,一下子全买了去。一个模具、一柄锤子,一天竟能挣到4块钱,而 当时队上的工值是8角。<br />
<br />
When the mill was set up, he saw that there was a shortage of bolts in the market, so he bought a piece of No.45 steel, drilled a hole with a drill, processed it with a steel file, made a mold and a hammer, then the first batch of products came out in a week. Workers in a nearby silk factory heard about it and bought it all at once. A mold and a hammer can help Wang earn 4 yuan a day, while the salary on the team at that time was 8 cents.<br />
<br />
眼前的标准件厂成为拥有成套设备和200多人的颇具规模的工厂了,它的产品已经打到8个省,收入占全队总收入的80%以上。可是,王荣团还不是党员!而支部5个委员都靠在农业上。<br />
<br />
At present, the Standard Parts Factory has become a large-scale factory with complete sets of equipment and more than 200 people. Its products have reached 8 provinces, and its income accounts for more than 80% of the total income of the whole team. However, Wang Rongtuan is not a party member yet! The five members of the branch all rely on agriculture.<br />
<br />
新时期要什么样的共产党员?我们用什么样的新鲜血液充实党的基层队伍? 经济工作搞不上去能不能算个好支部?年轻的镇委书记在深思。<br />
<br />
What kind of Communist Party members do we want in the new period? What kind of fresh blood do we want to enrich the grass-roots ranks of the Party? Can we count a branch as a good one if it has bad economy? The young secretary of the town committee is thinking deeply.<br />
<br />
任何一种结构的改革,都不是一帆风顺的,谢玉堂遇到了历史因袭下来的强大惯性。<br />
<br />
The reform of any kind of structure is not easy. Xie Yutang has encountered a rooted problem left by history.<br />
<br />
8年前,王荣团向党支部递上了第一份申请书,到现在加起来8次申请、6次填表,党支部还要对他再考验,因为他“太年轻” !<br />
<br />
Eight years ago, Wang Rongtuan handed the first application to the Party branch. Up to now, he has applied for eight times and filled out six times, but the Party branch still tests him again because he is too young!<br />
<br />
年近花甲的老支书王应运,是城关一带拔尖的好书记,执行政策从来不走样。 他资历长,辈又大,村里人都敬仰他。他看不惯王荣团这个“孙子辈”的一些做法。 他认为他走的是“白专道路”。有人来厂里联系业务,留下吃饭,老书记得知必说: “不行,咱不能搞不正之风!”去东北买车床,要带点花生米,老书记ー摆手:“不批!”两个人碰碰磕磕的,少不了冒点火星。<br />
<br />
Wang Yingyun, an old branch secretary who was nearly 60 years old, was a top-notch secretary of Chengguan, and implemented policies adamantly. He had high seniority, so villagers admired him. He didn't like the practices of Wang Rongtuan, who was so young that he could even be his grandpa. He thought Wang only paid attention to scholar studies but ignored politics. Someone came to the factory to contact the business and stay for dinner. If the old secretary knew it, he must say: "No, this is dishonest practice!" When they went to the northeast to buy lathes, they want to bring some peanuts. But the old secretary waved his hand: "It is not approved!" These Two people usually had contradictions.<br />
<br />
在王应运眼里,王荣团是一只“刺猬”,丢了舍不得,捧着扎得慌。他是王家疃的“财神爷”，1981年支部给他定额12万,他咬咬牙干出个20万! 1982年给他定了24万,他一下子干了35万！1983年定了40万,他要创到55万！<br />
<br />
For Wang Yingyun, Wang Rongtuan was a hedgehog. He was reluctant to abandon him, but he was upset if he retained Wang Rongtuan. He was the "God of Wealth" of Wangjiatong. In 1981, the branch gave him a quota of 120,000, he gritted his teeth and earned 200,000 yuan! In 1982, the quota were 240,000 yuan, but he earned 350,000 yuan at once! In 1983, the goal was 400,000 yuan, but he wanted to hit 550,000 yuan!<br />
<br />
王荣团像个腾空而起的风筝,扶摇直上九重霄,老支书手中那一缕细线随时都有崩断的可能！<br />
<br />
Wang Rongtuan, like a kite soaring into the sky, flew high, and the thin line in the hands of the old branch secretary could break at any time!<br />
<br />
老支书向工厂派去一个“党代表”——一位离休的老党员王典乐,起个“监督” 作用。不想“党代表”干了两年,竟和王荣团“通同作弊”。谢玉堂去调查时,“党代表”说:“谢书记,我站在党的立场上说句话,王家疃要得好,非得王荣团来干书记!”<br />
<br />
The old branch secretary sent a "party representative", Wang Dianle, a retired old party member, to the factory to supervise Wang. However, the party representative who worked only two years "colluded" with Wang Rongtuan. When Xie Yutang went to investigate, the party representative said: "Secretary Xie, I want to stand on the party's position and say something. Wang Rongtuan has to be the secretary, if we want Wangjiatong to be better!"<br />
<br />
<br />
老支书闻风而动:“谁解决王荣团的组织问题,我官司打到中央!”<br />
<br />
The old branch secretary acted without delay upon hearing this: "If anyone solve the organizational problem of Wang Rongtuan, I will file a lawsuit in the central government!"<br />
<br />
谢玉堂一次次找王应运促膝长谈。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang had a long talk with Wang Yingyun again and again.<br />
<br />
无效。<br />
<br />
But he failed.<br />
<br />
就在这时,王荣团摆了挑子。<br />
<br />
At that moment, Wang Rongtuan gave in.<br />
<br />
正值各村向镇里呈报1983年生产计划,老书记战战兢兢地去报了个78万,而镇里要求他们拿到120万。<br />
<br />
When every village reported the 1983 production plan to the town, the old secretary reported 780,000 yuan with trepidation, but the town asked them to earn 1.2 million.<br />
<br />
王荣团要是一直把挑子擂下去,78万也保不住呀！老支书嘴上起了燎泡,他硬着头皮走进了王荣团的家门,对这个“孙子辈”说:<br />
<br />
If Wang Rongtuan continue to stop working, he can't even reach the goal of 780,000 yuan! The old branch secretary was anxious, so he bit the bullet, walked into Wang Rongtuan's house and said:<br />
<br />
“你的组织问题,支部早在考虑……”<br />
<br />
"The branch has long considered your organizational problems..."<br />
<br />
王荣团把腿一伸:“我不是为‘组织‘不干。我是一个群众,没有那么大的能力再干下去了,标准件厂那么大的’西瓜’,支部不应该去捡起来?”<br />
<br />
Wang Rongtuan stretched out his leg: "I stopped working not because I’m not enrolled in the Communist Party pf China. I am a mass, and I don't have so much ability to go on. Should the large-scale Standard Parts Factory not be managed by the branch?"<br />
<br />
老支书被噎住了。他万万没有想到,他掉进了这位年轻共产党人的“圈套”之中。这一切,也包括王荣团的“台词”,都是镇委书记一手导演出来的。<br />
<br />
He was speechless. He never imagined that he fell into the trap of the young Communist. All this, including Wang Rongtuan's lines, were directed by the secretary of the town committee.<br />
<br />
这也算“斗争艺术”——狡猾狡猾的！<br />
<br />
This is also a cunning "art of conflicts"!<br />
<br />
“孙子辈”治住了“爷爷辈”！<br />
<br />
The "Grandson" won the victory!<br />
<br />
王家疃的这场斗争并没有因此停止,他和后面的故事连接到了一起。<br />
<br />
The conflict in Wang village did not be solved. It was connected with the following stories.<br />
<br />
论资排辈<br />
<br />
Assign a Job in Accordance with Qualifications And Seniority<br />
<br />
——用人之道四<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain TalentsⅣ<br />
<br />
幼年的时候,我把那相距二里之遥的东油坊看成是“天府之国”。他们在全县第一个办起了农业合作社,第一个小麦亩产过千斤,第一个日工值达到1元。他们种植的大蒜创过亩产一万二千斤的记录。那是一片富庶之地,是人间乐土!东油坊找的媳妇,都是百里挑一的!<br />
<br />
When I was young, I regarded Dongyoufang, which was two miles away, as a "land of abundance". It was the first to set up an agricultural cooperative in the county, have wheat yield exceeding 500 kg per mu, and reach 1 yuan of salary per day. The garlic they planted has reached a record of 12,000 jin per mu. It was a land with abundant resources and a paradise on earth! Daughters-in-law found in Dongyoufang were all one in a thousand!<br />
<br />
这个村因有一座古老的油坊而得名。那古老的油锤声虽然早已消失在历史深处,但是,古朴的村风却世代延续下来。至今,这个村里的人不赶集,不站街头,不大吃大喝,有了钱攒起来,包一层裹一层,再套上一把锁。搞传统农业,谁也搞不过他们,从中华人民共和国成立以来他们就在全县遥遥领先,各村的土墙上大都写着 这样的标语:“学路线,狠抓纲,坚决超过东油坊!”<br />
<br />
This village was named after an ancient oil mill. Although the ancient sound of oil hammer has long disappeared in the depths of history, the simple village style has continued from generation to generation. Up to now, people in this village don't go to the market, stand on the streets, squander money. When they have money, they save it, wrap it in layers, and put on a lock. No one can beat them in traditional agriculture. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, they have been far ahead in the county. Most of the earth walls of villages were written with such slogans: "Learn the line, pay close attention to guiding principles, and resolutely surpass Dongyoufang!"<br />
<br />
东油坊人心里有谱,摆弄土坷垃,够你们赶一气的！<br />
<br />
People in Dongyoufang knew the score. Regarding to land, it was hard for them to catch up!<br />
<br />
可是,后面的人坐着汽车撵上来了——<br />
<br />
However, people lagging behind caught up in a car.<br />
<br />
孔家疃书记曲培萱,有一天乘坐吉普车到东油坊办事,东油坊老支书曲廷璞看了略眼,一见到谢玉堂就叨叨:“你说他年轻轻的,不是摆谱吗?挣了两个钱烧的!”谢玉堂说:“不是他’变’了,是你应该适应新形势了 ！”<br />
<br />
Qu Peixuan, secretary of Kong village, took a jeep to work in Dongyoufang one day. Qu Tingpu, the old branch secretary of Dongyoufang, was annoyed when he saw the jeep. When he saw Xie Yutang, he said, "Qu Peixuan is young, and it seems he is showing off when he sits in a jeep. His money burns a hole in his pocket!" Xie Yutang said: "It is not that he has changed, but that you should adapt to the new situation!"<br />
<br />
曲廷璞心里不着实,又和本村社员叨叨:“过去的干部,连自行车都不骑,现在 有些年轻人坐着吉普到处颠,他们怎个看法?”一个社员当即回答他:“人家书记坐 汽车,社员跟着拿坐汽车的钱！咱的书记坐牛车,咱就跟着挣个牛车钱。俺巴不得你去坐飞机,跟着你挣坐飞机的钱哪个不高兴?”<br />
<br />
Qu Tingpu was uneasy, so he talked with his village members: "In the past, cadres didn't even ride bicycles. Now some young people are sitting around in jeeps. What do they think?" A member immediately answered him: "Their secretary takes the car, and the members earn the money of taking the car! Our secretary takes an ox cart, so we earn the money of taking an ox cart. I wish you would take the plane, and which one is unhappy to earn the money of taking the plane with you?"<br />
<br />
曲廷璞被震动了！不久,又一件事更震动了他:镇党委组织全体支部书记、大队长巡回参观。去了西关,去了新牟,去了王家疃,去了孔家疃,唯独把东油坊隔过去了。曲廷璞当时正住院,听了以后心里难受啊。5尺长的汉子,入党30多年,让人“绕”过去了!（这又是镇委书记的激将法之一）他若在场,真要找块石头碰死!<br />
<br />
Qu Tingpu was amazed! Soon, another thing shocked him even more: the town party committee organized visits for all the branch secretaries and captains. They visited Xiguan, Xinmou, Wang village and Kong village, but only ignored Dongyoufang. Qu Tingpu was in hospital at that time, and he felt uncomfortable after listening to it. A man who had joined the party for more than 30 years, was ignored! (This was reverse psychology of the secretary of the town committee.) If he had been there, he might have struck his head against a stone!<br />
<br />
谢玉堂到医院来看他,安慰他:“你好好养病,让你干20年!”镇委书记知道他的心病,给他吃“宽心丸”。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang came to the hospital to see him and comforted him: "You should take good care of your health and I will let you work for 20 years!" Knowing his worries, the secretary of the town committee gave him a "relief pill".<br />
<br />
他已当了16年支书,想巴结着凑个整数——20年（前一任支部书记曲维模任职也是20年）。可是他一出院,谢玉堂就上门让他考虑接班人的问题,好像忘了在医院的许诺。<br />
<br />
He had been a branch secretary for 16 years, and wanted to make up a round number of 20 years (Qu Weimo, the former branch secretary, also served for 20 years). However, when he was discharged from hospital, Xie Yutang came to ask him to consider the successor, as if he had forgotten his promise in the hospital.<br />
<br />
曲廷璞摇摇头:“我这几年培养了4个,一个好仔儿也没有!”<br />
<br />
Qu Tingpu shook his head: "I have trained 4 in recent years, but there are no appropriate successor!"<br />
<br />
“孔祥烈怎么样?他行不行?”<br />
<br />
"How about Kong Xianglie? Can he do it?"<br />
<br />
“不行！他的外号叫滑石猴!”<br />
<br />
"No way! His nickname is talc monkey (Folk stone carvers in Yechen County have been using traditional techniques to carve small monkey-shaped objects from scraps)!"<br />
<br />
<br />
“人无外号不发,孙悟空不是石猴出世吗?能七十二变、大闹天宫翻龙府,正好。他搞农业能那么专,搞工业也能专上去!”孔祥烈是当地有名的粮食专家,虽然不算年轻,可是个灵通人。他在一亩地里种出过1740斤玉米。莱阳县杨家庄请他去“指导”,他不用对方开口,就能说出小麦的品种;看看分蘖,就能说出某月某日播的种,这使杨家庄的人大为震惊。他过去不懂工业,学了七天“七大管理”“八大指标”,一下子考了98分！他是个识时务者！<br />
<br />
"People don't have nicknames. Isn't the Monkey King a monkey born from a stone? It can got 72 transformations and make a fuss in Heaven and Dragon Palace of the Eastern Sea. He is so specialized in agriculture, so he can also specialize in business!" Kong Xianglie is a famous local food expert. Although he is not young, he is a well-informed person. He planted 870 kg of corn in one mu of land. People in Yangjiazhuang, Laiyang County asked him to guide them in the sector of agriculture. He can tell the variety of wheat before others told him and he can tell the seeds sown on a certain day of the month after he saw tillers, which shocked the people in Yangjiazhuang. He didn't know anything about business in the past. He studied seven management methods and eight indicators for seven days, however, he scored 98 points at once! He is a man recognizing current trends!<br />
<br />
“不行,把权交给他我不放心!”曲廷璞坚持着。<br />
<br />
"No, I’m worried to give him the right!" Qu Tingpu insisted.<br />
<br />
这场辩论一直持续到1983年12月20日,全镇1700名共产党员,集中在当年 八路军的根据地嵎峡河大队,进行一年一度的党员整风学习,并进行支部改选。谢玉堂把曲廷璞、王应运,还有嵎峡河的老书记孙承善和王贺庄的老书记王顺成召集到一起。他们是宁海镇的四个元老,他们的身上带着农村工作的每一个历史时期——土改、合作化、“学大寨”、“文化大革命”……现在他们围着火炉子,听年轻的镇委书记讲古:<br />
<br />
This debate lasted until December 20, 1983. 1700 Communist Party members in the whole town, assembled in the Yuxiahe Brigade, the base area of the Eighth Route Army, conducted the annual rectification study of Party members and re-elected their branch members. Xie Yutang brought Qu Tingpu, Wang Yingyun, Sun Chengshan, the old secretary of Yuxiahe Brigade, and Wang Shuncheng, the old secretary of Wang Hezhuang together. They were the four elders of Ninghai Town. They have experienced every historical period of work in rural areas, namely, land reform, cooperative transformation, learning from Dazhai in agriculture and Cultural Revolution... Now they are around the stove and listen to the young secretary of the town committee talking about stories:<br />
<br />
“刘邦起用韩信而兴汉,韩信年轻的时候,还钻过人家的胯裆;大将周勃是吹鼓手出身;樊哙是杀狗的,相当于咱食品公司的‘杀巴子’;陈平出身贫寒;萧何原来也只是个文书差事;刘邦也不过是‘片长’,十里亭长嘛！用人用其长,用其识,用其才……”讲到半截,谢玉堂出去接电话去了,曲廷璞对着三个老伙伴把拳头一攥、一伸,左右摆了摆,三个老伙伴立时理解了它的含义,那是他们几十年为之奋斗,付出了多少汗水和心血的东西,他们也从那里得到过骄傲和尊严。“这东西不能丢啊!”曲廷璞用强化的语气说。<br />
<br />
"Han Xin served Liu Bang so the Han dynasty became prosperous. When Han Xin was young, he even crawled through between others’ legs. General Bo Zhou was a trumpeter at first. Fan Kuai was a dog killer, which is equivalent to our food company's' butcher. Chen Ping was born in poverty. Xiao He turned out to be just a clerk. Liu Bang was a village headman! When we hire others, we need to find their strengths, knowledge and talents..." Before he finished his speech, Xie went out to answer the phone. Qu Tingpu clenched his fist, stretched it and swung it left and right to his three old partners. They immediately understood the meaning of the posture. They had fought for their job for decades by the sweat of their brow. They also got pride and dignity from it. "This can't be lost!" Qu Tingpu said in an intensified tone.<br />
<br />
谢玉堂又回过头来逐个谈心……这一夜,在这个小小的山庄里,老一代共产党人和年轻的共产党人都失眠了。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang turned around and talked with them one by one... That night, in this small village, the older generation of communists and the young communists couldn’t fall asleep.<br />
<br />
第二天,曲廷璞早饭也没吃得下,不过,他的话倒是表达了四位“元老”的心 声:“我要是犯了错误下去,摔我南墙上没意见,可我没犯错误!我知道车子转弯时要甩下一些人。我18岁当兵,跟党干了这么多年,从来没甩下去过。30年啦,我不想离开,心里难受——可是我听党委的……”<br />
<br />
The next day, Qu Tingpu didn’t want to eat breakfast. However, he really put the thoughts of the four elders into words: "If I make a mistake, it's okay to fire me, but I didn't make a mistake! I know that some people will be left behind when a car turns. I became a soldier at the age of 18 and I worked with the Party for so many years and have never been dumped. I have worked for 30 years, so I don't want to leave. I feel uncomfortable, but I will adhere to the directions of the party committee... "<br />
<br />
宁海镇的共产党人永远忘不了四个老书记向昨天告别的那一刻。主席台上, 党旗高悬,金匾夺目——那匾额金字是镇委书记亲笔题写的:“为革命立功,德高望重;为四化让贤,壮志不已。”四名即将离位的老同志,端坐在主席台上,下面坐着宁海镇的一千多名共产党员,他们默默对望。<br />
<br />
Communists in Ninghai Town will never forget the moment when the four old secretaries bid farewell to yesterday. On the rostrum, the party flag hung high and the gold plaque was dazzling. The gold characters of the plaque were personally inscribed by the secretary of the town Committee: "Making contributions to the revolution, you will be highly respected; Making way for the Four Modernizations, ambition will not be reduced." Four old comrades who were about to leave their posts were sitting on the rostrum, with more than 1,000 Communist Party members in Ninghai Town sitting below and looking at them silently.<br />
<br />
静极了!只有时间不停地越过空间。<br />
<br />
It was so quiet! Only time was flowing.<br />
<br />
“……同志们,我们年轻的共产党员,一定要以这四个老同志为榜样,带领群众在经济建设中,把宁海镇的新局面开创下去。任何时候,傲不长,欲不纵,乐不极,志不满,团结一致,奋发向前,用我们的双手,把宁海镇建设成一个富饶的宁海,美丽的宁海,强大的宁海。我们的目的一定要达到,也一定能够达到!胜利既然属于党,属于人民,当然也属于我们——宁海镇的共产党员们！”<br />
<br />
"… Comrades, our young Communist Party members must follow the example of these four old comrades and lead the masses to create a new situation in Ninghai Town in economic construction. At any time, you should not be arrogant, frivolous, greedy and unambitious. Instead, we should unite together, work hard, and use our hands to build Ninghai Town into a rich, beautiful and powerful town. Our goal should be achieved, and must be achieved! Since victory belongs to the Party and the people, it certainly belongs to us, the Communist Party members in Ninghai Town!"<br />
<br />
镇委书记谢玉堂致辞完毕,四位“元老”手捧金匾,在他们各自的接班人搀扶 下——王荣团扶着王应运,王可勇扶着王承善,孙祥烈扶着曲廷璞,王忠武扶着王 顺成——向台下走去。他们是戴着红花走下历史的舞台的！<br />
<br />
After Xie Yutang, secretary of the town committee, delivered his speech, four elders holding the golden plaque walked off the stage with the help of their respective successors. Wang Rongtuan supported Wang Yingyun; Wang Keyong supported Wang Chengshan; Sun Xianglie supported Qu Tingpu, and Wang Zhongwu supported Wang Shuncheng. They walked off the stage of history with red flowers!<br />
<br />
全场起立,向这庄严的场面报以泪水和掌声！<br />
<br />
The audience stood up and responded to this solemn scene with tears and applause!<br />
<br />
至此,宁海镇的共产党人更新了他战车上的每一根大轴、每一个齿轮。<br />
<br />
At this point, the Communists in Ninghai Town updated every big shaft and every gear on their chariot.<br />
<br />
第七章敬礼!西关文化<br />
<br />
Chapter 7 Salute! Xiguan Culture<br />
<br />
西关公园及西关人<br />
<br />
Xiguan Park and Residents in Xiguan<br />
<br />
——向旧文化告别<br />
<br />
—Say Goodbye to the Old Culture<br />
<br />
若是亲爱的读者对这漫长的旅行已感到了疲惫,我们不妨拐进中国农民兴建的第一座农村公园,稍事休憩,看一看“西关文化”。<br />
<br />
If dear readers are tired of this long journey, we might as well go to the first rural park built by Chinese farmers, have a rest and look at the Xiguan Culture.<br />
<br />
文明来到了西关这片古老的土地上。公园里经常举行各种各样的农民舞会、农民歌咏会、农民运动会。1984年春节的运动会上,党支部书记李德海连拿200米田径冠军、象棋冠军、举重冠军。出奇的是观看运动会的社员也得奖品,“以资鼓励”,那是为了冲击一下“蹦蹦跳跳何不去抡镰头”的旧观念。<br />
<br />
Civilization came to Xiguan, an ancient land. Various farmer dance parties, farmer singing meetings and farmer sports meetings are often held in the park. At the Spring Festival sports game in 1984, Li Dehai, secretary of the Party branch, won the 200-meter dash, chess and weightlifting champion. Surprisingly, the members who watched the sports game also got prizes as encouragement, which was to influence the old idea of "why not swing the sickle when you are jumping".<br />
<br />
走出公园,穿过宽阔的“文化路”,绕过机声隆隆的“十大企业”,让我们再去看看西关大队的奶牛场,成群的奶牛每天挤出一桶桶的鲜奶,西关人提着暖瓶来把牛奶打回家去,代替以前的高粱糊糊。西关人在改变着食品结构,讲究吃的文化。他们讲究的不是油水,而是口味。讲氨基酸、维生素、高蛋白。母亲和妻子不必在一个锅里做两样饭,把一家人的饭食分成等级,也不必偶尔吃一顿好饭而回避着街坊邻居,因之产生“好饭不怕晚”的俚语,更不会有老观念中的“偷嘴媳妇”。村中心的西关饭庄里有高级厨师和各种山珍海味,社员在家中只要拿起电话,红彤彤的烧对虾、亮晶晶的扒海参、白生生的芙蓉干贝、香喷喷的松鼠鱼,会按时给送上门。打开精制的酒柜,你会看到精装的茅台和罐装的青岛啤酒,餐室里配置有带转盘的餐桌,上面经常摆着北京烤鸭和火锅涮海珍。<br />
<br />
Walking out of the park, crossing the wide cultural road and bypassing the Top Ten Enterprises with rumbling machines, we can see the dairy farm of Xiguan Brigade again. People in Xiguan milk groups of cows every day, and they carry thermos flasks to take the milk home to replace sorghum paste. Xiguan people are changing the food structure and paying attention to the culture of eating. What they pay attention to is not grease, but flavour. They care about amino acids, vitamins and high protein. Mother and wife don't have to cook two kinds of dishes in one pot to divide the family's meals into grades. You don't have to avoid your neighbors when eating a good meal occasionally. As a result, the slang of "good things come to those who wait" comes into being, and there will absolutely be no wife sneaking a taste of food in the old concept. There are senior chefs and various delicacies in Xiguan Restaurant in the center of Zicun Village. Members only need to pick up the phone at home, and red roasted prawns, sparkling sea cucumbers, white scallops and delicious yellow croakers will be delivered to their homes on time. If you open the refined wine cabinet, you will see Maotai with good package and canned Tsingtao Beer. The dining room is equipped with a dining table with a turntable, on which Beijing roast duck and seafood hot pot are often placed.<br />
<br />
我们不妨再看一看西关人住的文化。第一代住房是茅草屋,那也许是人类从原始的进化期就有的——木窗棂,土打墙,又低又矮,这模式一直延续到“文革”后期还屡见不鲜。第二代住房是李德海就任大队支书后由大队统一规划的砖瓦平房,一户三间,对面锅台对面炕,独门小院,也颇宽敞幽静。第三代住房是三中全会后兴建起来的。电灯电话,楼上楼下,却有别于城市里的单元公寓——每家都有个小院,建筑面积110平方米。有带晒箱的洗澡间,有瓷砖壁的厨房,有宽敞明亮的客厅和餐室。厨房里用的是煤气炉——大队有自己的煤气站。现在不必再贴灶王爷——习惯和观念都是生活造成的,改造它也靠生活本身。如今富足的西关人也有闲情厕身于艺术,把漂亮的影星请到宽敞的家里来做客,她们有张瑜、陈冲、丛 珊、刘晓庆、张金玲——当然,现在还仅限于她们的剧照,好客的主人等待着有一天 她们能从银幕上走下来,坐进他们这布满红木家具的第三代“农舍”。不,等她们到来的时候,西关人的第四代住房已经竣工,那是别墅式的小楼,它的建筑面积达200平方米,其规格、样式、造价都足以和那些“将军楼”“专员楼”媲美。而在这楼房里生活的老人们,将和国家职工一样地享受退休金,每月60元,外加“工龄补贴”。西关人的“工龄”,是从三中全会召开的1978年开始计算,这是耐人寻味的。<br />
<br />
We might as well look at the culture of the living conditions for Xiguan people again. The first generation of these residents lived in thatched cottages with wood panels and low earth wall that human beings have had this pattern since their primitive evolution period. It was widespread until the late Cultural Revolution. The second-generation housing was a brick bungalow planned by the brigade after Li Dehai took office as the branch secretary of the brigade. It had three rooms, and the kitchen was in the opposite of the heatable brick bed. It also had a small courtyard with one door, quite spacious and quiet. The third generation housing was built after the Third Plenary Session. There were lights and telephones upstairs and downstairs, which were different from the unit apartment in the city. Each family had a small courtyard with a building area of 110 square meters. There were bathrooms with a dryer, kitchens with ceramic walls, spacious and bright living rooms and dining rooms. In the kitchen was a gas stove, because the brigade had its own gas station. Now there is no need to stick the picture of the Kitchen God. Habits and ideas are caused by life, and they depend on life itself to transform them. Nowadays, wealthy Xiguan people also have free time to enjoy art. They invite beautiful movie stars, including Zhang Yu, Chen Chong, Cong Shan, Liu Xiaoqing and Zhang Jinling, to be guests in their spacious homes. Of course, these are only stage photos. Hospitable hosts are waiting for their arrival in their third generation "farmhouse" full of mahogany furniture from the screen one day. No, when they arrive, the fourth generation housing of Xiguan people had been completed. It was a villa-style small building with a building area of 200 square meters, and its specifications, styles and cost will be comparable to those of "General Building" and "Commissioner Building". The old people living in this building will enjoy pension of 60 yuan per month and wage for seniority in the same way as the national employees. It is intriguing that the seniority of Xiguan people began to be calculated in 1978 when the Third Plenary Session was held.<br />
<br />
西关人在创造着崭新的西关文化,这是和物质文明相伴而来的精神文明。他们把自己生活的地方整个儿变成了一个大花园。<br />
<br />
Xiguan people are creating a brand-new Xiguan culture, which is a spiritual civilization accompanied by material civilization. They turned the whole place where they lived into a big garden.<br />
<br />
“西关文化”的创造,不能不追溯到最初滚动起“锈蚀的车圈”的人——党支部书记李德海。当党中央在三中全会上向全党发出新的指令,许多人还在互相询问“什么？刚才喊的是什么”的时候,李德海已经迎着发令枪的啸音弹跳了出去,成 为胶东改革“鱼肚白”时的一颗启明星!他利用巩固的集体经济,一下子转入了大工业,创造了一个又一个的胶东之最——最早达到人均分配1000元,最早实现电视村,最早在村里设了电话总机,最早修起农民公园,最早办起农民中等专科学校……现代化像个活蹦乱跳的怪物,猛烈地冲击着古朴的传统!<br />
<br />
The creation of Xiguan Culture must be traced back to Li Dehai, secretary of the Party branch, who first rolled up the "rusty car circle". When the CPC Central Committee issued new instructions to the whole party at the Third Plenary Session, many people were still asking each other, "What? What are these instructions?". But Li Dehai had bounced out against the whistling sound of the starting gun and became a star of Jiaodong's new reform! Taking advantage of the consolidated collective economy, he suddenly transferred to the big business, contributing the most to Jiaodong. Jiangdong was the first village where the distribution money was 1000 yuan per person, the first to have TV, the first to set up a telephone switchboard, the first to build a farmer park, and the first to set up a farmer secondary college... Modernization is like a living monster, violently impacting the quaint tradition!<br />
<br />
李德海语录<br />
<br />
Quotations from Li Dehai<br />
<br />
——向老皇历告别<br />
<br />
—Say Goodbye to the Old Chinese Almanac<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“正其义,不谋其利。君子谋道不谋食。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Everything is done for the sake of justice and not for personal gain. A gentleman pursuits Tao rather than food."<br />
<br />
李德海对经济学家薛暮桥说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai told economist Xue Muqiao:<br />
<br />
“‘大锅饭’”与社会主义,挫伤了群众的积极性。不是‘我要干’,而是‘要我干’, 离开干部的眼就耍熊。那时候都觉着干部难当,群众不好领导,但却找不到病根。三中全会以后,群众有了干劲。为什么？这是:人叫人干人不干,政策调动一大片。<br />
<br />
"Food prepared in a large canteen and socialism have dampened the enthusiasm of the masses. It's not 'I want to do it', but 'I am asked to do it'. If they leave cadres, they will act timidly. At that time, we all felt that it was difficult to be a cadre and lead the masses, but we could not find the answer. After the Third Plenary Session, the masses are active. Why? The conclusion is: people are reluctant when they are asked by other people, but policies can mobilize a large number of them."<br />
<br />
“从分配制度上我们是自负盈亏,应当说这是个好饭碗,但不是铁的,不好好干,碗里就没有东西,干得好,收入还不少于国家干部。所以,我们的生产积极性和服务态度可以比国营企业好。再一个,我们‘船小掉头快’,办事自己说了算。官不论大小,说了算就好。不用‘商议商议’‘研究研究’,搞公文旅行。有了这两条,再好好地研究市场,研究消费者需要什么,拾漏补缺,发挥自己的优势……”<br />
<br />
"From the distribution system, we are responsible for our own profits and losses. It should be said that this is a good rice bowl, but it is not an iron one. If we don't do well, there will be nothing in the bowl. If we do well, our income will not be less than that of national cadres. Therefore, our production enthusiasm and service attitude can be better than those of state-owned enterprises. Besides, we "turn around quickly because our ship is small", so we have the final say when dealing with things. It’s good for officials, big or small, to have the final say. We don’t have to ‘negotiate’ or ’study’ with others, leading to tedious and time-consuming process of files and documents. With these two advantages, we will further study the market well, study what consumers need, find out our mistakes, make up for them, and give full play to our own advantages..."<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“知识分子是臭老九……”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Intellectuals are Stinking Old Ninth (ten "castes" of Chinese: bureaucrats, officials, Buddhist monks, Taoist priests, physicians, workers, hunters, prostitutes, (ninth) Confucian scholars and finally beggars)..."<br />
<br />
李德海对某组织部长说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai said to an organization minister:<br />
<br />
“诸葛亮活了56岁,就是不能用人,一个人干,累死了。用兵就是用人,企业管理的核心就是管人,所以我的责任就是管人。管好这个生产力的‘最关键因素’。……官僚主义不爱惜人才,他需要奴才!经营一个企业,必须能拿到利润。靠拼体力,顶多能使利润慢慢地增长,而人才是‘核反应堆’,使利润成倍增长。<br />
<br />
"Zhuge Liang lived 56 years old, but he didn’t know how to find others’ potential, so he was tired to death. To use military forces is to employ talented people, and the core of enterprise management is to manage people, so my responsibility is to manage people. Managing this "most critical factor" in production... Bureaucracy doesn't care for talents, but needs sycophants! To run a business, you must be able to get profits. With labour, profits can grow slowly at best, while talents are "nuclear reactors", which can multiply profits.<br />
<br />
“管好人首先要责任明确。这要有两条保证:政治权力务实,经济利益直接。共产主义时代人们以最高的觉悟代替责任制,到那时应干的,没人不让干,有人不让干,我也要干,不应该给的没人给,有人给我也不要。这就是共产主义觉悟。过去的政治工作,整天翻档案,现在的政治工作,要转向为经济工作服务……<br />
<br />
"Managing people well must first require clear responsibilities. There are two guarantees: exercising political rights well and controlling one’s own benefits. In the Communist era, people replaced the responsibility system with the highest awareness. At that time, no one will refuse to do what should be done; I will still do what should be done even if I am not allowed to do it; no one will give what should not be given, and I will not receive it even if others give what should not be given to me. This is communist awareness. In the past, political work included turning over archives all day, but now political work should help to improve the economy... "<br />
<br />
“礼治君子,法治小人,棒子治驴。前两句是孔子的,后一句是我的。”<br />
<br />
"Courtesy governs the gentleman; law deals with the villain; sticks frighten donkey. The first two sentences are from Confucius and the latter sentence is from me."<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“新三年,旧三年,缝缝补补又三年。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "When you buy something to use, it is new for you in 3 years. Then it will become old in next 3 years. At last, it needs to be repaired to use in the last 3 years."<br />
<br />
李德海对新华社社长穆青说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai told Mu Qing, Xinhua News Agency President:<br />
<br />
“我不带头存款,我带头消费。消费可以刺激生产。低标准,低消费,自满自足的生活方式是小生产观念的反映。简朴是一种美德,但简朴不等于安贫。艰苦朴素是我们的传统,但不是我们追求的目的。西关大队要有300万存款就不好领导了,坐着吃利息,导致社会经济瘫痪。猪肥了不动弹。生产,分配,流通,消费,是商品的总体过程,高分配必须伴随着高消费。外国人能享受的,我们中国人到时候也能享受!我们规定:凡购买十四寸彩电者,每台补贴300元;凡购买电冰箱、电风扇、录音机、洗衣机者,每年补贴零售价的25% ;凡购买新式家具者,每件补贴购进价的10%,鼓励消费。现在全村彩电和新式家具已达到100%。"<br />
<br />
"I don't take the lead in saving money, but I take the lead in spending. Consumption can stimulate production. The lifestyle of low standard, low consumption and complacency is the reflection of the concept of small production. Simplicity is a virtue, but simplicity does not mean poverty. Hard work and plain living are our tradition, but they are not our goal. If Xiguan Brigade has a deposit of 3 million yuan, it will be difficult to lead, because people in this brigade will sit down and enjoy interest, leading to social and economic paralysis. Pigs don't move when they are fat. Production, distribution, circulation and consumption are the overall process of commodities, and high distribution must be accompanied by high consumption. What foreigners can enjoy, we Chinese can enjoy it then! Our policies are that those who buy 14-inch color TV sets will be subsidized by 300 yuan per TV; Those who buy refrigerators, electric fans, tape recorders and washing machines are subsidized by 25% of the retail price every year; For those who buy new furniture, 10% of the buying price is subsidized for each piece to encourage consumption. Now everyone has color TV sets and new furniture in the village. "<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“当一天和尚撞一天钟。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Go on tolling the bell as long as one is a monk."<br />
<br />
李德海对剧作家漠雁说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai said to Mo Yan, a playwright:<br />
<br />
“我一辈子欠两个人的情,一个是我母亲的情,一个是共产党的情。我们共产党人要干一天打算一辈子。作为一个共产党员,你那个单位搞不好,就起到了反对党的作用,因为你导致了群众对党的不满。我们是共产党人,我们要维护共产党的事业,共产党的事业要令人向往!是真拥护党的路线,还是假拥护党的路线,检验的标准是实践,你能为党办成一点事也好！如果我们每个共产党人都在中华民族历史上做出一点点贡献的话,共产主义的到来就会大大加快！生当作人杰,死亦为鬼雄,君子持德不图其报,我们这些人都是为党死而后已的人,个人有什么呢?”<br />
<br />
"I owe two people in my life. One is my mother and the other is the Communist Party. We Communists have to plan our whole life for one day. As a Communist Party member, if your department is not good, it means the Party is prevented from development, because you have caused the masses to be dissatisfied with the Party. We are Communists, so we should safeguard the cause of the Communist Party, which should be desirable! The standard of test is practice, checking whether you really support the party's line or not. And it is good that you can accomplish something for the party! If each of us communists makes a little contribution in the history of the Chinese nation, the arrival of communism will be greatly accelerated! Be man of men while you're alive, and soul of souls if you're dead. A gentleman with virtue doesn’t ask for rewards. We are all people who can die for the party. Does it matter for only a person?"<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“知足常乐,安贫乐道。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Be content with your current situation and a simple but virtuous life."<br />
<br />
李德海对笔者说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai said to the author:<br />
<br />
“我喜欢和文艺界的人交往,一是你们说的话不为准,二是能开阔我的眼界。<br />
<br />
"I like to associate with people in the literary and art circles. First, what you say does not need to be exact. Second, but you can broaden my horizons."<br />
<br />
“历史上改革者都没有好下场。商鞅变革被五马分尸,王安石变法掉了乌纱帽。大将不怕阵前亡,有心当改革者就不怕掉脑袋！对改革的两种看法,过去有, 现在有,将来也有！长六指的人本来是怪异,突然割了去也觉得像少了什么。改革者的前提是爱国主义精神。爱国主义精神是最大的精神文明。国家如有难,汝当做先锋。共产党人为改革敢于去攻碉堡,敢于捐躯铺路。我说应该给改革者立功, 评一级英雄！<br />
<br />
"Reformers have never come to a good end in history. Shang Yang was dismembered because of his reform, and Wang Anshi lost his job because of the New Policies. A general is not afraid of dying in the battle, and if one wants to be a reformer, he is not afraid of losing his life! There are two views on reform in the past, now and in the future! People with six fingers were originally weird, and suddenly they felt like something was missing when a finger was cut off. The premise of reformers is patriotism. Patriotism is the greatest spiritual civilization. If your country is in trouble, you should be a pioneer. Communists dare to attack bunkers and die for reform. I think that we should make meritorious deeds to reformers and evaluate first- level heroes!"<br />
<br />
“改革也不是一朝一夕的事情。国营企业没松绑那时候,我们是活人和死人打仗,那还没有个赢?现在一松绑,有些人还麻木不仁,真正想干点事的人,现在就该加快步伐整顿。<br />
<br />
"Reform cannot be completed in a matter of days. At that time, when power was not devolved to the state-owned enterprises, we were fighting with the dead, so will we lose? Now that state-owned companies have power, some people are still insensitive. Those who really want to do something should speed up the pace of rectification now."<br />
<br />
“做什么事情不能有把握了再干,有个五六成就动手啊,说不定一干就干成了。 万无一失、手拿把攥的方案是没有的,按部就班,那不叫改革！<br />
<br />
"We can’t do something after we are sure about it. When the possibility of success is beyond 50%, we can embark on reforms and maybe we will be successful. There is no plan to be foolproof. Sticking to the rules is not reform!"<br />
<br />
“你们写文章要实事求是,不要把改革者写成神。只要写出改革者的苦衷,写出他们为什么要这么做,就行了！让外面知道中国农民是有血性、有志气、有刚火、有才干的,是能够夸耀于整个人类的！”<br />
<br />
"You should seek truth from facts when writing articles, and don't regard reformers as gods. Just write down the difficulties of reformers and why they did it! Let the outside know that Chinese farmers are enthusiastic, upright, ambitious, competent and talented, and can be praised among the whole mankind!"<br />
<br />
黄昏中的曲线<br />
<br />
Curvy Figures in the Dusk<br />
<br />
——向封建礼教告别<br />
<br />
—Say goodbye to Feudal Ethics<br />
<br />
一个小小的村子,一下拿出20万元,建起两个露天游泳池,在全国也许是第 一家。<br />
<br />
A small village spent 200,000 yuan at a time on two outdoor swimming pools, which may be the first one in China.<br />
<br />
西关游泳池开放那天,正逢我在他们大队采访,那是7月16日,头一天,李德 海到游泳池边巡视一圈,觉得这里少了点什么,当即把大修厂厂长和玩具厂的厂长叫了来:<br />
<br />
On the opening day of Xiguan Swimming Pool, I was interviewing their brigade. It was July 16. Before the day, Li Dehai visited the swimming pool and felt that there was something missing here. He immediately called the director of a garage and a toy factory:<br />
<br />
“搞两个跳水台,两个更衣室,要符合规格,美观大方,明天早晨我来看！”<br />
<br />
"Build two diving platforms and two locker rooms, which should meet the specifications and be beautiful and tasteful. I will come to see them tomorrow morning!"<br />
<br />
两位厂长不敢怠慢,连夜带领工人铆、焊、锯、接,第二天来参加剪彩仪式的人们瞠目结舌,游泳池端神话般地立起两个高高的跳水台,那是足以和“奥运会”赛场上的跳水台媲美的,另外还有两个小别墅式的浅绿色的更衣室。<br />
<br />
The two factory directors did not dare to neglect, so they led the workers to do their jobs, welding and sawing overnight. The people who came to attend the ribbon-cutting ceremony the next day were stunned. Erected at the end of the swimming pool surprisingly were two high diving platforms, which were comparable to the diving platforms in the Olympic Games. There were also two small villa-style light green locker rooms.<br />
<br />
姑娘们不好意思走近游泳池跟前,用正眼去看那些裸露着肌肤的小伙子们,但新生活的浪花毕竟有巨大的吸引力,小伙子们在池中的每一声拍击都回荡着文明的呼唤。<br />
<br />
Girls were embarrassed to approach the swimming pool and look at the bare-skinned boys, but after all, the waves of new life had great attraction, and every slap of the boys in the pool echoed the call of civilization.<br />
<br />
于是,有两位姑娘挺身而出,在黄昏时起程,开始了向文明的过渡——她们带着羞颜租了游泳衣和救生圈,在晚霞中显露出自己优美的曲线——世界突然发现了她们,她们解下了束在身上的封建礼教,勇敢地向水中跳去,让肌肤贴着新生活的潮流。<br />
<br />
So, two girls stepped forward and set out at dusk to the transition of civilization. They rented swimming suits and lifebuoys with shame, and showed their beautiful curves in the sunset. The world suddenly found them. They took off the feudal ethics tied around their bodies and bravely jumped into the water, letting their skin feel the trend of new life.<br />
<br />
不幸的是,像任何的开拓和探索,都会遇到风浪和波折,一位姑娘不慎将救生圈脱手,这里的水深是2米至4米,她陷于“灭顶之灾”。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, like any development and exploration, there will be storms and difficulties in the process. A girl didn’t seize her lifebuoy accidentally. The water depth here was 2 meters to 4 meters, and she was in danger.<br />
<br />
她的伙伴拼命为她呼喊:“快来救命呀!”<br />
<br />
Her partner shouted desperately for her: "Help!"<br />
<br />
在隔壁池里游泳的小伙子们,开始以为是一个玩笑,当发现是事实时,他们比任何时候都更踊跃,争先恐后地游上前来扶腰、托腿、拉臂、抱头……<br />
<br />
The boys swimming in the next pool began to think it was a joke. When it was found to be true, they were more active than ever, scrambling to swim forward to grab her waist, support her legs, pull her arms and hold her heads...<br />
<br />
两个姑娘回到了更衣室。<br />
<br />
The two girls returned to the dressing room.<br />
<br />
功勋卓绝的小伙子们都不想离去,刚才忙于救护,没有看清两个“开拓者”的芳颜,他们静静地守候在更衣室的门口,像等待着女皇加冕仪式……<br />
<br />
Boys helping a lot didn't want to leave. They just got busy with rescue, so they didn't see the two "pioneers" clearly. They waited quietly at the door of the locker room, like waiting for the coronation ceremony of the Queen...<br />
<br />
撕去封建礼教的遮布,他们也忽然发现了自己的姐妹,发现了美的曲线!<br />
<br />
Tearing off the cloth of feudal ethics, they suddenly discovered their sisters and the curve of beauty!<br />
<br />
但是,使他们大为失望的是,两位姑娘不愿以失败者的面目出现在异性面 前——从后门悄悄离去了!<br />
<br />
However, to their great disappointment, the two girls did not want to appear in front of the opposite sex as losers, so they quietly left through the back door!<br />
<br />
游泳池小小的涟漪冲击进西关大队办公室,有人把它传为险情,有人把它当作逸闻,胆子大的人们对李德海进谏:<br />
<br />
The small ripples in the swimming pool spread across the office of Xiguan Brigade. Some people regarded it as a danger, others regarded it as an anecdote. Some courageous people advised Li Dehai:<br />
<br />
“你修那个游泳池太深了,穆铁柱下去也不露头!”<br />
<br />
"That swimming pool you have built is too deep, and Mu Tiezhu (he is more than 2 memters) can be drowned when he went down!"<br />
<br />
“外国说儿童游泳对身体有好处,咱的池子那么深,儿童更下不去！”<br />
<br />
"Foreign countries say that swimming for children is good for their health. Our pool is so deep that children can't get down!"<br />
<br />
李德海没有回答,久久地沉默着。猛然,他拿起电话:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai did not answer and remained silent for a long time. Suddenly, he picked up the phone:<br />
<br />
“给我接建筑队……许经理吗?你来一下。”<br />
<br />
"Call the construction team... Manager Xu? Come here."<br />
<br />
李德海把建筑队的经理领到游泳池边,用手一指:“在这里再挖一个游泳池,一米五深。3天以内把土方挖完,5天砌好!”<br />
<br />
Li Dehai led the manager of the construction team to the swimming pool and pointed with his finger: "Dig another swimming pool here with the depth of 1.5 meters. Dig the earthwork within 3 days and build it in 5 days!"<br />
<br />
推土机隆隆地开上了那块古老的土地,要为姐妹们开辟ー个文明的渡口……<br />
<br />
Bulldozers rumbled on the ancient land to open up civilized ferry crossings for sisters...<br />
<br />
不久,新游泳池建成,姐妹们不必再用黄昏和暮色遮掩你们的曲线,在正午的阳光下走来吧,如果你们愿意,也不妨穿上比基尼泳装,新文明的春光属于你们的父兄,当然也属于你们!<br />
<br />
Soon, the new swimming pool was built. Sisters, you don't have to cover your curves with dusk and twilight. Come in the midday sun. If you like, you may as well wear bikinis. The spring of new civilization belongs to your father and brother, and of course it belongs to you!<br />
<br />
文明大厦的崛起<br />
<br />
The Rise of Civilization Building<br />
<br />
——向愚昧告别<br />
<br />
—Say goodbye to Ignorance<br />
<br />
李德海在西关创办了全中国第一座农民中专。<br />
<br />
Li Dehai founded the first farmers’ technical secondary school in Xiguan.<br />
<br />
西关农民中专设有乡镇商业和乡镇企业机械制造两个专业,今年首批招生 100名,也就是说,以后每年都将有100个“孙智坤”跨进这个全国第一个由农村生产队兴办的中等专科学校。<br />
<br />
Xiguan Farmers' Technical Secondary School has two majors: township commerce and township enterprise machinery manufacturing. This year, 100 students were enrolled first, that is to say, every year, 100 "Sun Zhikun" will step into the first secondary school set up by rural production teams in China.<br />
<br />
这所学校投资55万元,对于一个农村生产队,是一笔不小的数目。如今,这所文明的大厦已经矗立在宁海湖边。李德海兼任这所农民中专的校长,聘请山东经济学院院长张文杰为名誉校长,并聘请了13名大专毕业的教师。招生对象是高中毕业或具有同等学力的农村青年,参加全省农民中专统一招生考试。学制两年。学习期满、考试合格者,学校发给毕业证书。愿留西关村工作者,经半年实习录用,享受中专毕业生待遇,上学期间学费由西关村退给本人,并每月追发补贴30元。<br />
<br />
This school has invested 550,000 yuan, which is not a small amount of money for a rural production team. Today, this civilization building has stood by Ninghai Lake. Li Dehai is also the principal of this farmer technical secondary school, and Zhang Wenjie, president of Shandong Institute of Economics, is invited as honorary principal. 13 college graduates are hired. Prospective students are rural youth who graduated from high school or have the same educational level, who can participate in the entrance examination of farmers' technical secondary schools in the whole province. The length of schooling is two years. The school will issue graduation certificates to those who pass the examination after the completion of their studies. Workers who are willing to stay in Xiguan Village enjoy the treatment like technical secondary school graduates after half a year's internship. Tuition fees will be refunded to them by Xiguan Village during school, and 30 yuan will be subsidized every month.<br />
<br />
兴办这所中专的深远意义还在于从知识结构上改造农民队伍,由“体力型”转向“智力型”,使之适应现代化的需要,李德海已经看到,仅靠业余教育已远远不够,靠招聘也非长远之计。<br />
<br />
The far-reaching significance of setting up this technical secondary school lies in transforming the farmer’s team from "physical strength" to "intelligence" in terms of knowledge structure, so as to meet the needs of modernization. Li Dehai has seen that amateur education alone is far from enough, and recruitment is not a long-term solution.<br />
<br />
这里要提一笔的是,李德海的招贤纳士在胶东是闻名的。这里没有门户之见, 招聘来的人可以当厂长,当经理,拿西关最高工薪。在1000多名外来人中,人才济济、藏龙卧虎。他们中有会四种外语的经济专家、有机械行业闻名的工程师、有部队离休的团政治委员、有黄埔军校的军医、有“余热发电”的退休教师、有劳改释放的技术员、有李宗仁主持过婚礼的“右派厂长”、有走投无路想跳水库的技术科长、有备受打击的会计师、有逃婚在外的少女、有被哥嫂打出来的孤儿……<br />
<br />
It should be mentioned here that Li Dehai is famous for recruiting talents in Jiaodong. There is no bias against diploma here. The recruits can be factory directors and managers to get the highest salary in Xiguan. Among more than 1,000 outsiders, there are many talented people and undiscovered talents. Among them are economists who can speak four foreign languages, famous engineers in the machinery industry, retired political commissars of the regiment, military doctors of Republic of China Military Academy, retired teachers who still would like to make contributions in spare time, technicians released after the reform through labor, "right-wing factory director" who had a wedding presided by Li Zongren, technical section chief who had no way out to jump into the reservoir, accountants who have been lashed out, girls who have escaped from marriage, and orphans who have been beaten by their brothers and sisters...<br />
<br />
这些人在西关都找到了自己的位置,成为一个有用的人,为西关的起飞做出了贡献!<br />
<br />
These people have found their own position in Xiguan, become available to the society, and made contributions to the take-off of Xiguan!<br />
<br />
愚昧,不仅在于没有文化,更在于对文化的轻视和践踏!<br />
<br />
Ignorance lies not only in lack of culture, but also in contempt for and trampling on culture!<br />
<br />
随着党风的改进和企业的竞争,这些人才的社会来源将越来越少,西关应有自己的文化大厦,从里面走出自己的厂长、工程师、会计师、技术员。<br />
<br />
With the improvement of the Party's work style and the competition of enterprises, social sources of these talents will become less and less. Xiguan should have its own cultural building, from which its own factory directors, engineers, accountants and technicians will be nurtured.<br />
<br />
这就是1984年春天,在病中的李德海为什么急切地把厂长们叫到床前,分派木材厂做桌椅板凳和床铺,分派商场配备炊事用具、教学用具,分派总务主任置办办公设备。而有关人才的选聘,都是李德海亲顾茅庐。<br />
<br />
This is why in the spring of 1984, Li Dehai, who was ill, eagerly called the factory directors to the bed, assigned the timber factory to make tables, chairs, stool and beds, assigned the shopping mall to be equipped with cooking utensils and teaching utensils, and assigned the general affairs director to buy office equipment. And the selection and employment of talents are all managed by Li Dehai.<br />
<br />
有一天,烟台职业教育局一位处长向李德海传信,本县西留格庄联中有一位哈尔滨商校毕业的民办教师。李德海立时从炕上爬起——学校正缺商业专科教师, 他拉上县教育局的离休干部曲维涛登上吉普车。<br />
<br />
One day, a director of Yantai Vocational Education Bureau sent a message to Li Dehai, saying that there was an uncertified teacher who graduated from Harbin Commercial College in Liugezhuang Union Middle School of the western county. Li Dehai immediately climbed up from the heatable brick bed, because the school was short of business college teachers. He asked Qu Weitao, a retired cadre of the county education bureau, and boarded the jeep.<br />
<br />
天已中午,他连午饭也顾不上吃,滴着虚汗,操纵着方向盘,像一个往前方抢运弹药的火线驾驶员。<br />
<br />
It was already noon, but he can't even attend the lunch. Dripping with sweat, steering the steering wheel, he was like a driver rushing forward to transport ammunition.<br />
<br />
汽车径直开到那位教师的家门前,那位教师不知发生了什么事情,因为从来没 有坐吉普车的人来找过他。<br />
<br />
The jeep drove straight to the teacher's door. He didn’t know what happened, because no one in the jeep had ever come to him.<br />
<br />
“孔老师,我是来求贤的！”李德海进门第一句话这样说。<br />
<br />
"Mr. Kong, I'm here to seek talents!" Li Dehai said in the first sentence when he entered the house.<br />
<br />
这位被岁月夺走了青春的民办教师名叫孔庆埠,1957年商校毕业后,几十年来,他的专业一直没有得以应用。<br />
<br />
This uncertified teacher, who was not in his prime, was named Kong Qingbu. After graduating from business school in 1957, he has not applied his expertise for decades.<br />
<br />
“你在商校都学过一些什么课程?……西关中专准备设商业班,你愿不愿意应聘?”<br />
<br />
"What courses have you studied in business schools?... We are preparing to set up a business class in Xiguan Technical Secondary School. Are you willing to join us?"<br />
<br />
“二十多年了,学过的东西都忘了。有些知识也老化了。”<br />
<br />
"It has been over twenty years, so I have forgotten what I have learned. Some knowledge is not new."<br />
<br />
“忘了可以复习,比没有学过要强。去了以后可以边干边学,教学空闲到别的学校走一走,自己深造!”<br />
<br />
"You can review it even if you forget it, and forgetting knowledge is better than not learning. After you come to our school, you can learn knowledge while working, take a walk in other schools when you are free to pursue advanced studies!"<br />
<br />
这个被遗忘在穷山沟里20多年的商校毕业生,做梦也没想到自己的专业还会再有用武之地。他的结发妻子和3个孩子在一边眼巴巴地看着他。<br />
<br />
This business school graduate, who has been forgotten in the poor ravine for more than 20 years, never dreamed that his major would be useful again. His wife and three children watched him eagerly.<br />
<br />
“如果西关需要,李书记你瞧得起,我去！只是不知学校和乡里同意不同意。”<br />
<br />
"If Xiguan needs me and you think highly of me, I'll go! I just don't know if the school and the township agree or not."<br />
<br />
“由我来办!”<br />
<br />
"I'll do it!"<br />
<br />
李德海又登上吉普车,奔学校,奔乡政府去通融。这样一桩复杂的“人事”,从出车到事情定盘,总共用了40分钟的时间。3天以后,孔庆埠已经成了李德海家里的座上客了！<br />
<br />
Li Dehai boarded the jeep again, ran to the school and the township government to bend the rules. Such a complicated thing took a total of 40 minutes from getting out of the car to making a deal. Three days later, Kong Qingbu has become a guest at Li Dehai's home!<br />
<br />
第八章故乡的足音<br />
<br />
Chapter 8 Sound of Footsteps in Hometown<br />
<br />
1984年阴历大年初一,宁海镇举行了有史以来的第一次农民队伍的检阅。<br />
<br />
On the Chinses New Year's Day in 1984, Ninghai Town held the first ever inspection of farmers’ teams.<br />
<br />
迎着早春的霞光,壮阔的万人长队穿过古老而年轻的镇街。<br />
<br />
Facing the glow of early spring, 10,000 people queuing passed through the ancient and young town streets, which was magnificent.<br />
<br />
走在最前面的方队,是宁海镇的农民仪仗队,由120名乡镇企业的男女青年组 成,身穿一色的将军呢制服,戴着白手套,他们高举着彩旗,吹奏着军乐。他们吹奏“国歌”,吹奏“镇歌”——<br />
<br />
The front formation was the honor guard of farmers in Ninghai Town, which was composed of 120 young men and women wearing the same color of general uniforms and white gloves from township enterprises. They held high colorful flags and played military music. They played the national anthem and the town song—<br />
<br />
前进,英雄的宁海人民,<br />
<br />
Forward, heroic Ninghai people,<br />
<br />
党的路线指引着我们向新的时代进军!<br />
<br />
the Party's line guides us to March into a new era!<br />
<br />
我们顶天立地,<br />
<br />
We are indomitable spirit,<br />
<br />
倒悬沧海,<br />
<br />
hanging upside down in the sea,<br />
<br />
吞吐乾坤,<br />
<br />
inhaling and exhaling between heaven and earth,<br />
<br />
敢当历史的巨人。<br />
<br />
and becoming a giant of history.<br />
<br />
勇于开拓,<br />
<br />
Be brave in pioneering,<br />
<br />
万众一心,<br />
<br />
Unite as one,<br />
<br />
向着光辉灿烂的目标,<br />
<br />
Towards a brilliant goal,<br />
<br />
前进,前进,再前进!<br />
<br />
Forward, forward, forward again!<br />
<br />
写着2000年的巨大的火车头开过来了（里面罩着汽车）!它喷吐着浓烟,拉着汽笛;它运行的节奏,震撼着大地,它象征着历史的列车飞速奔驰。<br />
<br />
The huge locomotive with the words 2000 was coming (cars were in it)! It spewed smoke and pulled the whistle; The rhythm of its operation shook the earth. It symbolized that history was developing fast like a zooming train.<br />
<br />
紧跟在后面的,是西关大队。“大黄河”上载着男女社员装扮的“八仙过海”。连续3年人均分配千元的西关人,意气风发地跟在1984年夺得700万纯利润的彩牌车后。他们无愧于是胶东改革的火车头!<br />
<br />
Closely followed was Xiguan Brigade. In the "Great Yellow River" were "eight immortals" dressed up by male and female members. Xiguan people, who have been allocated 1,000 yuan per capita for three consecutive years, exuberantly followed the colorful car with a net profit of 7 million yuan in 1984. They are worthy of being the locomotive of reform in Jiaodong!<br />
<br />
最先和西关争雄的新牟人追上来了! 20辆幸福摩托车在前面开路,像欢迎某国的总统。气势磅礴的“大解放”车队,分别装有“龙凤呈祥”和大队出产的各种工业品的模型转塔。比这更夺目的是他们打出了在新的一年要实现人均分配2000元的彩牌!站在街两旁“吃国库粮”的观众无不为之瞠目结舌。<br />
<br />
The first to compete with Xiguan was Xinmou people who have caught up! 20 Xingfu motorcycles opened the way in front, like welcoming the president of a certain country. The magnificent "Great Liberation" motorcade was equipped with model turrets of "prosperity brought by the dragon and the phoenix" and various products produced by the brigade. What was more striking than this was that they have printed the color card of 2000 yuan per capita in the new year! The audience who had urban household registration standing on both sides of the street was stunned.<br />
<br />
东油坊的方队、王家疃的方队、王贺庄的方队、孔家疃的方队、文化里的方队……一个方队,一排奔腾的浪涛！<br />
<br />
Dongyoufang's formation, Wang village's formation, Wanghezhuang's formation, Kong village's formation, Wenhuali's square team... a formation was like rushing waves!<br />
<br />
——这是真正的男子汉的方队！队伍里集合了不同年龄、不同气质的应稼汉, 他们穿上了一色的“料子服”。那是饱经风霜,像油画《父亲》ー样的面孔,那是涂着古铜色的油彩,像黄河船夫一样的面孔,那是有着目光像铁块一样坚定的面孔, 那是有着额角像大理石一样平展的面孔。无数流逝的岁月在他们的手上磨起了老茧,崎岖的路程膨胀了他们腿上的筋脉。作为共和国大厦的地基,他们嶙峋的肩架上曾背起过大庆的井架,他们的手腕曾擎起过联合国大厦上的五星红旗!今天他们用新的智慧充实了自己的大脑,用新的物质延长了自己的手臂,在这片古老的大地上开动了马达,建筑起大厦,奏响了仙乐,浇灌出鲜花,创建了法则,塑造了时代! 他们扬起男子汉的头颅,那是成熟了的思想果实,历尽了人间的雨雪风霜;他们的双脚是锋利的耧角,在时代的沟垄里插下希望和奇迹——为了使每一个母亲不再为生活垂泪,为使每一个妻子不再为辛劳早衰,为了使每一个女儿不再出卖美丽的发辫,为了使每一个童心的幻想不遭受摧残……<br />
<br />
This was the real man's formation! Wearing the same color of woolen uniform, farmers of different ages and temperament gathered in the team. It was a weather-beaten face like the oil painting "Father", a face painted with bronze, a face like the Yellow River boatman, a face with firm eyes like iron blocks, and a face with flat forehead like marble. Calluses on their hands were caused by past years, and tendons on their legs were expanded because of the rugged journey. As the foundation of the Republic Building, they once carried the derrick of Daqing on their bony shoulders, and their wrists once held the five-star red flag on the United Nations Building! Today, they enrich their brains with new wisdom, extend their arms with new materials, start motors, build buildings, play beautiful music, water flowers, create laws and shape the times in this ancient land! They raise the head of a man, which is the fruit of mature thought and has experienced the rain, snow, wind and frost on earth. Their feet are sharp farming tools, growing hopes and miracles in the furrows and ridges of the times. Because they don’t want to make every mother stop crying for life, make every wife stop aging prematurely for hard work, make every daughter stop selling beautiful braids, and make every childlike fantasy not destroyed...<br />
<br />
——这是以贤良、勤劳闻名的胶东妇女方队！她们步履整齐,也和男子汉们一样,穿上了一色的呢料服装,她们舍弃了那打着补丁的衣服和打着补丁的日子。她们来自窄窄的磨道,来自低矮的灶台,来自茂密而炎热的青纱帐,来自古老小河边的棒槌石。她们集合在时代的旗帜下,脚上不再像祖母和母亲那样裹着缠足布,脸上不像昨日那样带有菜色。男子汉们不会忘记你们,你们用自己的忍饥受饿支撑了贫穷的日子,你们用工巧的针线缝补了艰涩的岁月。胃袋里的瓜蔓、树皮曾早谢了你们的青春,寒冷的秋霜冬雪染白了你们的鬓发！是你们把辛勤养育的儿子和兄弟送给人民军队,让他们用胸膛守卫国疆。为了每ー个父亲、丈夫、儿子都能体面地活在世上,你们把自己的生命变成燃烧的烛光。而今你们挺起了丰满的身躯, 衣襟在行进中旗帜一样飘起,像走向丰收的田野,去收获稻谷,去收获商品,收获汽笛一样欢乐的笑声和锻锤一样凝重的尊严,补偿那歉收的年景……<br />
<br />
This was the formation of Jiaodong women, who were famous for their virtue and diligence! They walked neatly and wore the same color of woolen clothes as men. They gave up the patched clothes and bad days. They come from narrow mill roads, low stoves, thick and hot green fields, and sticks used to pound clothes in washing by ancient rivers. They gather under the banner of the times, and their feet are no longer wrapped in foot-binding cloth like their grandmother and mother, and their faces were not that pale as they were yesterday. Men will never forget you. You have experienced the poor days by suffering from hunger, and you have sewed up the difficult years with skillful needles and threads. The vines and bark in the stomach were in your youth, and the cold autumn frost and winter snow have dyed your sideburns white! It was you who gave your hard-raised sons and brothers to the people's army and asked them to guard the country with their chests. To make every father, husband and son live decently in the world, you turned your life into a burning candlelight. Now you have stood up your plump bod with your skirts floating like flags while marching, like heading for a bumper harvest field to harvest rice, goods, joyful laughter like whistles and dignity like forging hammers, and compensating for the poor harvest year...<br />
<br />
游行队伍里有歌声的舒展,舞姿的奔放,雄狮的跳跃,长龙的奔腾,这是从历史深处走出来的土地的灵魂！<br />
<br />
In the parade, there were relaxing songs, enthusiastic dance, jumping lions and rushing dragons, which were the soul of the land coming out from the depths of history!<br />
<br />
沸腾的宁海镇！激动的宁海镇！<br />
<br />
Ninghai Town with a cacophony of voices! Excited Ninghai Town!<br />
<br />
这队伍像解冻的冰川,你可以听到冰块向前流动的互相撞击声;这队伍是流淌的岩浆,你可以感受到那炙烤肌肤的热风,它冲决了凝固了几千年的传统,一直向前、向前,什么力量也不能把它阻挡！<br />
<br />
This team was like a thawed glacier, and you can hear the sound of ice flowing forward and hitting each other. This team was flowing magma, and you can feel the hot air blowing your skin. It broke the rooted tradition that had been for thousands of years, kept moving forward, and no force can stop it!<br />
<br />
这支按共产党人的构思组合起来的队伍,不再是黄巢的散兵,不再是李自成的败伍,他们是新时期的胶东子弟兵纵队,集合在镰刀、斧头的旗帜下,走进了伟大的中国改革史诗之页,冲撞着21世纪的横线……<br />
<br />
This team combined according to the idea of the communists is no longer Huang Chao’s stragglers and disbanded soldiers or Li Zicheng’s defeated soilders. They are the Jiaodong’s military columns in the new era, who gather under the banner of sickle and axe and are written on the page of the great Chinese reform epic, breaching the barrier of the 21st century...<br />
<br />
（原载《解放军文艺》1985年第5期）<br />
<br />
(Originally published in the People's Liberation Army Literature and Art, Issue 5, 1985)<br />
<br />
==卷二：3.理论狂人 Volume 2: 3.Theory Fanatic==<br />
<br />
理论狂人<br />
<br />
Theory Fanatic<br />
<br />
——献给一位无名经济理论家<br />
<br />
—To a Unsung Economic Theorist<br />
<br />
陈祖芬<br />
<br />
Chen Zufen<br />
<br />
这里就是罗陀斯,就在这里跳跃吧!<br />
<br />
Hic Rhodus, hic salta! <br />
<br />
这里就有玫瑰花,就在这里跳舞吧!<br />
<br />
Here is the rose, here dance! <br />
<br />
——马克思<br />
<br />
—Karl Marx<br />
<br />
夏时制与变革的强制性<br />
<br />
Mandatory for Daylight Saving Time and Reform<br />
<br />
“从北京开往西安的35次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间8点06分。<br />
<br />
"The No.35 train from Beijing to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 8:06."<br />
<br />
“从成都开往西安的238次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间9点12分。<br />
<br />
"The No.238 train from Chengdu to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 9:12."<br />
<br />
“从太原开往西安的425次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间9点52分。<br />
<br />
"The No.425 train from Taiyuan to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 9:52."<br />
<br />
“从上海开往乌鲁木齐的53次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间11点16分。<br />
<br />
"The No.53 train from Shanghai to Urumqi has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 11:16."<br />
<br />
“从广州开往西安的273次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间12点56分。<br />
<br />
"The No.273 train from Guangzhou to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 12:56."<br />
<br />
“从郑州开往西安的4次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间4点14分。”<br />
<br />
"The No.4 trains from Zhengzhou to Xi'an have arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 4:14."<br />
<br />
每次播音员的话音一落,列车里便站起一个个激动不安、迫不及待的记者和学者。1986年5月,从四面八方开往西安的列车和飞机上,突然冒出了这么多“心动过速”的人们——他们的心,早就超越了火车和飞机的速度到达了西安。《人民日报》的记者心急火燎地从北京开着皇冠车,星夜兼程地驰向古都西安。《羊城晚报》的记者,一听说我国20世纪以来发掘的最大的墓葬揭椁开棺,跳上小车去赶广州开往西安的飞机。<br />
<br />
Every time when the announcer finished his words, excited journalists and scholars can’t wait to stand up in the train. In May 1986, on the trains and planes heading for Xi'an from all directions, so many people with "tachycardia" suddenly appeared—their hearts had already surpassed the speed of trains and planes to reach Xi'an. Reporters of People's Daily drove the Toyota Crown from Beijing anxiously to Xi'an, the ancient Chinses capital, all night. Hearing that the largest tomb excavated in China since the 20th century would be uncovered, reporters of Yangcheng Evening News jumped into a car to catch the plane from Guangzhou to Xi'an.<br />
<br />
2600年前建造的这个秦公一号大墓,为研究中国奴隶社会的政治、经济、文化,提供了大量的实物资料。<br />
<br />
The tomb of Duke Jing of Qin built 2,600 years ago provides a lot of materials for studying the politics, economy and culture of Chinese slave society.<br />
<br />
按照马克思主义的历史观,铁器是封建社会生产力水平的一种标志。然而秦公一号大墓,一方面以180多个殉葬的棺椁把秦国的奴隶制社会无可辩驳地展现在我们面前,另一方面又以已经出土的十多件精良的铁器,撼动了关于铁器的标志说。难道秦人也要向马克思主义挑战?我夹杂在“发掘热”的人群里走进了西去的列车。不过我不是想去发掘秦俑的。我要去发掘一个也许是当今了不起的经济理论家。我相信这个人的探索可以为今天中国的经济体制改革提供一些理论依据。<br />
<br />
According to the Marxist view of history, iron is a symbol of the production level in feudal society. However, the tomb of Duke Jing of Qin consisting of over 180 coffins, on the one hand, have irrefutably displayed the slave society of Qin in front of us. On the other hand, more than ten excellent ironware have been unearthed, changing the view of ironware. Do Qin people also challenge Marxism? I walked into the train going west in the crowd obsessed with "excavation rush". But I don't want to see Terracotta Army. I'm going to find a great economic theorist today. I believe this man's exploration can provide some theoretical basis for China's economic system reform today.<br />
<br />
5月4日。我搭乘的279次列车是晚8点多开车。我掐着时间走进列车,一看 表,怎么才7点多?是不是我家里那只钟走错了?还是我糊里糊涂地早走了一小时?可我也不至于这么错乱呵!现在到底是7点还是8点?<br />
<br />
On May 4th, my No.279 train should leave at 8 o'clock in the evening. I calculated the time to walk into the train and look at my watch. Why was it only about 7 o'clock? Was the clock in my house going wrong? Or did I leave an hour early in a confused way? But I would not do it so unwittingly! Was it 7 o'clock or 8 o'clock?<br />
<br />
车窗口的两位穿着蓝西服和灰西服的公民同时亮出表:8点。<br />
<br />
Two citizens in blue suits and gray suits at the train window showed their watches: 8 o'clock.<br />
<br />
但是蓝西服说:“我也搞不清几点了。”<br />
<br />
But the one in blue suit said, "I don't know what time it is either."<br />
<br />
灰西服也说:“我也搞不清几点了。”<br />
<br />
The one in grey suit also said, "I also don't know what time it is."<br />
<br />
表上明明显示着8点,为什么又说搞不清?莫非我走进了一个荒诞派小说的 规定情境?<br />
<br />
The watch clearly showed 8 o'clock, but why did they say they can't figure it out? Had I entered a scene set in an absurd novel?<br />
<br />
又有一个乘客满在行地说:“现在时间不是往前挪了一小时吗。”<br />
<br />
Another passenger seemed an expert, and he said, "Isn't the time moving forward for an hour now?"<br />
<br />
挪前挪后?到底是挪前还是挪后?<br />
<br />
Moving forward and backward? Was it moving forward or backward?<br />
<br />
“今天开始实行夏时制,”终于有了一个大致正常的人,“时针不是往前拨了一小时吗,所以现在的8点就是原来的9点。”<br />
<br />
"Daylight saving time has been implemented since today," finally we got a person who can figure out the current situation. "Isn't the hour hand set forward for an hour, so now 8 o'clock is the original 9 o'clock."<br />
<br />
“不对,现在的8点是原来的7点。”<br />
<br />
"No, the current 8 o'clock is the original 7 o'clock."<br />
<br />
对了!我的表没有拨过,所以才7点。我自己清醒过来后,这オ注意到乘客们愕然不解的眼神,迷乱惶恐的眼神,忧烦木讷的眼神,而在这些眼神的后面,是一种不愿意适应、又不能不适应夏时制而无所适从、无可奈何的被动心理。<br />
<br />
That's right! My watch hadn't been reset, so it was seven o'clock. After I figured it out, I noticed the passengers' startled, confused and worried eyes. And behind these eyes, there was a kind of passive psychology that they were unwilling to adapt to, but had to adapt to daylight saving time, so they were at a loss and helpless.<br />
<br />
夏时制真是一个“不受欢迎的人”。<br />
<br />
Daylight saving time is really an "unwelcome person".<br />
<br />
又有人喊了一嗓子:“每天得提前一小时起床,乱了套了！反正,活的活,死的死吧!”<br />
<br />
Another person shouted: "I have to get up one hour in advance every day, which is a mess! Anyway, we will live or die!"<br />
<br />
有那么严重吗?实行夏时制,又不会像长工资似的,谁多长一级,谁少长一 级——谁也不会因此而亏了一小时。绝对的平均主义！明明谁也没有吃亏。明明谁也不用为此付出多大代价。明明按照日、地运动的规律办事,就可以节约能源, 所以夏时制又叫经济时制。明明在1916年,德、法、英、意等等国家就已采用夏时制了,但是1986年中国的夏时制,还是招来了那么多的惶惶然和愤愤然。<br />
<br />
Was it that serious? The implementation of daylight saving time will not be like the increase of salary, and no one will lose or get the hourly wage—no one will lose an hour. Absolute egalitarianism! Clearly, no one suffered losses. Clearly no one had to pay much for it. Clearly, according to the law of the movement of the sun and the earth, we can save energy, so daylight saving time is also called money saving time. It was clear that in 1916, Germany, France, Britain, Italy and other countries had adopted daylight saving time, but in 1986, China's daylight saving time still attracted so much panic and indignation.<br />
<br />
“我独不解中国人何以于旧状况那么心平气和,于较新的机运就这么疾首蹙额;于已成之局那么委屈求全,于初兴之事就这么求全责备?”对我重复着这句话的,自然是鲁迅了。<br />
<br />
"I don't understand why the Chinese people are so calm in the old situation, but they frown at new opportunities; they compromise on something written in the stars but blame for new things?" It was Lu Xun who repeated this sentence to me.<br />
<br />
车厢里响起了很新潮的歌:<br />
<br />
A very trendy song played in the carriage:<br />
<br />
阿里,阿里巴巴,<br />
<br />
Ali, Ali Baba,<br />
<br />
阿里巴巴是个快乐的青年。<br />
<br />
Ali Baba is a happy young man.<br />
<br />
不管阿里是不是快乐的青年,反正听这种歌就是感受一种情绪。感受到这种情绪的,便都成了快乐的青年。<br />
<br />
Whether Ali was a happy young man or not, listening to this song was to feel an emotion. Those who can feel this emotion became happy young people.<br />
<br />
实行夏时制的中国,也正像一个快乐的青年,一个处在思想活跃期的青年。<br />
<br />
China, which had implemented daylight saving time, was just like a happy youth, a youth in an active period of thinking.<br />
<br />
车厢里的灯突然全黑了。怎么这么早就黑灯了?我跑到车厢过道的灯下看 表,可不,才9点嘛,应该10点熄灯的嘛。哦,对了,我到现在还没有拨过手表,我 以为反正知道夏时制就行了,连表都懒得拨一下。结果是一下熄了灯,连上床的思想准备都没有。我摘下手表,乖乖地往前拨快一小时。看来变革往往带有强制性,不可能都有了思想准备才变革的。<br />
<br />
All the lights in the carriage suddenly went dark. Why was it dark so early? I ran to the car aisle under the lights to look at my watch, ehh, it was only 9 o'clock. It should have turned off the lights at 10 o'clock. Oh, I haven't set my watch yet. I thought I only need to know daylight saving time, so I didn't even bother to set my watch. As a result, the lights went out at once, and there was no mental preparation for going to bed. I took off my watch and moved forward one hour obediently. It seemed that reform was often mandatory, and it was impossible to reform after we prepare for it.<br />
<br />
不过,等我结束了在西安的采访回到北京以后,并没有发现任何因为时间的拨动而引起的汽车误点、火车脱轨、飞机相撞或者神经错乱。人们按部就班,安定团结,再也没有人谈起夏时制。好像夏时制不是从1986年5月4日开始的,而是在公元前就开始了。<br />
<br />
However, when I returned to Beijing after my interview in Xi'an, I didn't find any car delays, train derailments, plane collisions or insanity caused by the ticking of time. People followed the prescribed order, calm and united, and no one talked about daylight saving time anymore. It seemed that daylight saving time was not from May 4, 1986, but began B.C.<br />
<br />
只要能下决心变革,中国人的适应能力也是非同一般的。<br />
<br />
As long as we can make up our minds to change, Chinese people's adaptability is extraordinary.<br />
<br />
我在变革的时间和时间的变革里,到达了西安站。<br />
<br />
I arrived at Xi'an Station in the time of change and the change of time.<br />
<br />
到底怎么写改革<br />
<br />
How to Write Reform in the End<br />
<br />
一个逃犯。<br />
<br />
A fugitive.<br />
<br />
我走出西安站,看到一个高人一等的黑大汉,高举着一块“接陈”的牌子。这是我们的“联络暗号”。因为我不认识他,但又希望一到西安就能见到他。应该说一切都很顺利。凯撒大帝有句名言:我来了,我看见了,我战胜了。现在我来了,我看见了,但是我失望了。<br />
<br />
When I walked out of Xi'an Station, I saw a very tall man with dark skin holding up a sign of "picking up Chen". This was our "contact code". Because I didn't know him, but I hoped to see him as soon as I arrived in Xi'an. It should be said that everything was going well. Julius Caesar has a famous saying: I came; I saw; I conquered. Now I came; I saw, but I was disappointed.<br />
<br />
我觉得我看见了一个逃犯。<br />
<br />
I thought I saw a fugitive.<br />
<br />
我的第一感觉是害怕。那张长脸好像从来也没洗干净过。他50岁。可我觉得他大概从来也没有年轻过,他大概一生下来就这么老了。那莫测高深的三角眼,那阴沉的高鼻。鼻翼两旁像刀刻石凿似的有两道深沟直通向嘴的两旁。而嘴,直接地就像平放着的两把刀。<br />
<br />
My first feeling was fear. It seemed that that long face had never been washed clean. He was 50 years old. But I thought he was probably never young. He was probably born so old. That unfathomable triangular eyes, that gloomy high nose. There were two deep ditches on both sides of the nose like a knife carving stone chisel, which led straight to both sides of the mouth. And the mouth was like two knives lying flat.<br />
<br />
他的布鞋上打着皮革的补丁。我有几年没见到这样打着大补丁的鞋了。我也愈来愈少地见到他这样黄的眼白,或者压根儿就应该叫作眼黄。这补丁,这眼黄,立刻使我想起贫困、拮据、坚韧、过去。不过他穿着过去不穿的西装。但这西装质地之差,之软绵绵,之皱巴巴,都使人败胃。倒好像是仓促之间从哪儿借来套在身上乔装打扮的。干脆那种油污的旧工作服倒能给人带来一种粗犷的美。<br />
<br />
His cloth shoes were patched with leather. I haven't seen shoes with big patches like this in years. I also saw less and less this yellow sclera, or it should be called yellow of the eye. This patch and this yellow eye immediately reminded me of poverty, tenacity and the past. But he was wearing a suit that he didn't use to wear. However, the poor texture, softness and wrinkles of this suit made people sick. It seemed that he borrowed it from somewhere in a hurry and put it on in disguise. Simply that kind of oily old overalls can make people think him rugged.<br />
<br />
他的头发所剩无几地徒劳地盖在秃秃的头顶上。后来听他说这是染黑的,要不都白了。我想又何必染呢?这么几根头发也值得染吗?<br />
<br />
His hair was left a little to cover his bald head, but it was in vain. Later, I heard him say it was dyed black, or it was all white. I thought why dyed it? Were these hairs worth dyeing?<br />
<br />
但他说这事儿的时候是自信的,很值得的样子,就如他自信他干的一切都是值得的。<br />
<br />
But when he said it, he was confident and showed that it was worthy, just as he was confident that everything he did was worth it.<br />
<br />
我3月份收到这个陌生人的第一封信的时候,就决定写完手头一篇报告文学后就去找他。我相信不会虚此西行。他给我的信,一开头就使我预感到我将要经受一种新的思想的撞击:“不管在文学作品中和宣传报道中树立多少光辉的改革者形象,都不会使无所作为和反对改革的领导变为果敢锐敏的改革者。改革者的形象只会鼓舞那些希望并赞成改革的人。然而具有彻底改革思想的人并不一定就会是改革家,原因在于他们无权左右局势。因此不在于号召占据领导地位的人成为改革者,而在于使改革者走上领导岗位。……”<br />
<br />
When I received this stranger's first letter in March, I decided to go to him after writing the non-fiction novel at hand. I believed the westward journey wouldn’t be made in vain. At the beginning of his letter to me, I had a premonition that I would be hit by a new idea: "No matter how many images of brilliant reformers are set up in literary works and propaganda reports, leaders who do nothing and oppose reform will not become bold reformers with a sharp mind. The image of reformers will only inspire those who hope for and agree with reform. However, people with radical reform ideas are not necessarily reformers, because they have no right to control the situation. Therefore, it is not to call on those who occupy leading positions to become reformers, but to make reformers take leadership positions…"<br />
<br />
但我对这个人毕竟一无所知。他真值得我采访吗?他和常规的好人形象相距太远。我身上揣着《人民文学》的差旅费。我要是虚了此行,《人民文学》固然不会追究经济责任,可是我也得讲究时间效益呵。<br />
<br />
But after all, I didn't know anything about this person. Was he worth my interview? He was too far from the conventional image of a good man. I carried the travel expenses of the People's Literature with me. If this trip was in vain, the People's Literature will not pursue economic responsibility, but I had to pay attention to time efficiency.<br />
<br />
他接过我的旅行包:“这个包,我不用叮嘱你不要毁坏,不要丢失,你自然会爱护的,因为你拥有这个包的所有权、使用权和支配权,你是这个包的主人。根本用不着对你进行主人翁思想的教育。我们三十多年来一直对国营企业职工进行主人翁思想教育这件事,恰恰证明了国营企业的职工还不是企业的主人。”<br />
<br />
He took my travel bag and said, "I don't have to tell you not to destroy or lose this bag. You will naturally take care of it, because you have the ownership, use and control of this bag, and you are the owner of this bag. There is no need to educate you on the idea of being a master at all. We have been educating the state-owned enterprises about the sense of ownership for more than 30 years, which just proves that employees in state-owned enterprises are not the masters of the enterprises."<br />
<br />
我立时精神起来了,我想起他那封长信的内容——改革的关键,关键的改革, 是所有制问题。<br />
<br />
I immediately refreshed, and remembered the content of his long letter—the key to reform and the key reform are the ownership problem.<br />
<br />
他这个人,执拗地叫你想起过去,过去。他又顽强地站立在现在,现在。<br />
<br />
He is a man who stubbornly reminds you of the past. But he stands stubbornly in the present.<br />
<br />
精神取代物质和意识决定存在<br />
<br />
Spirit Replaces Materials and Consciousness Determines Existence<br />
<br />
天安门前站着一个高大黝黑的光头青年。上穿蓝粗布衣,下穿用家染的黑粗 布做的抽带肥腿裤。那裤带偏是白的,又偏偏捣乱似的从腰部溜了下来,大模大样地突出在黑裤子中间。但这个光头青年的神情是那么自信、自豪。本来嘛,那年—-1954年的《群众日报》登了陕西省考上高校的全部考生的名单。第一名,韩城县中学的党治国,考上了清华大学。党治国到清华报到后的第一件事,就是到天安门前照这张像。<br />
<br />
In front of Tiananmen Square stood a tall, bald young man with dark skin. He wore blue coarse cloth on the top and wide leg pants with strings made of black coarse cloth dyed at home on the bottom. The strings were white, but they just slipped down from the waist causing trouble, and protruded in the middle of the black trousers obviously. But the bald young man looked so confident and proud. It turned out that Qunzhong Daily published the list of all the candidates admitted to colleges and universities in Shaanxi Province in 1954. The first place, Dang Zhiguo in Hancheng Middle School, was admitted to Tsinghua University. The first thing Dang did after registering was to take this picture in front of Tiananmen Square.<br />
<br />
只是那两条白裤带,使照片上的党治国在威风中透着滑稽。这也没什么。清华大学一年级新生党治国就不信还会有什么事情难得住他。白裤带吗,用墨水一抹不就黑了?行了。很好。不能更好了。至于留头发是不是比光头更好看,制服裤是不是比家织抽带裤更好看,他没想过。他从来不注意服饰。32年后,他知道我要专程到西安去找他时,他才为没有一件过得去的外衣而有些不安。于是就匆匆添置了那身使我一看就败胃的西装。<br />
<br />
Only those two white strings made him look funny in front of imposing Tiananmen Square. It was nothing. Dang Zhiguo, the Tsinghua University freshman didn't believe that there would be anything hard to live with. As for white strings, he just blacked them with ink. That was enough. That was good. It couldn't be better. As for whether head with hair was better than bald head, and whether uniform pants were better than home-woven pants with strings, he never thought about it. He never paid attention to clothes. Thirty-two years later, when he knew that I was going to Xi'an to find him, he was a little upset that he didn't have a decent coat. So he hurriedly bought the suit that made me sick.<br />
<br />
一个从青少年时代就以为精神万能的人,最后连购置一套像点样的西装的物质基础都没有。<br />
<br />
A person who thought that the spirit was omnipotent from his youth didn't even have the material basis to buy a decent suit.<br />
<br />
党治国16岁的时候,有一天和同学们在韩城中学连夜排节目。三九天的夜 晚,不生火就过不去。但教室外是半尺厚的雪,想搞点煤吧,又觉得冷得出不去——来回得走2里雪地呢!怎么去扛煤呵!多厚的棉鞋陷进雪地里也是冻脚。同学们倒抽着冷气往后缩了。<br />
<br />
When Dang Zhiguo was 16 years old, he and his classmates arranged programs overnight in Hancheng Middle School one day. On the coldest nights, you can't get through without a fire. But there was half a chi of snow outside the classroom. Even if you wanted to get some coal, you would feel cold and had to walk, because you had to walk 2 li back and forth! How to carry coal! No matter how thick the cotton shoes were, your feet would be frozen when you got stuck in the snow. The students gasped and drew back.<br />
<br />
党治国叭叭地扔下他的棉鞋,又扒掉他的两只袜子。<br />
<br />
Dangzhuo threw down his cotton shoes and stripped off his two socks.<br />
<br />
“哎,你脱鞋袜干什么?”<br />
<br />
"Hey, why do you take off your shoes and socks?"<br />
<br />
“为了证明在雪地里走路不冷。”<br />
<br />
"To prove that walking in the snow is not cold."<br />
<br />
“你快穿上吧！我们跟你去扛煤就行了。”<br />
<br />
"You should put them on quickly! Let's go with you to carry coal."<br />
<br />
“我说出话就要算数。”<br />
<br />
"I am a man of my word."<br />
<br />
党治国光着两脚走向无情的雪地。不过他连雪地的无情也感觉不出,因为他的双脚很快就冻木了。当然,这毕竟只是2里地,所以他的双脚还能存活。如果是20里地,200里地,16岁的他怕也是会光脚走去的。那么,他的一双脚当然要为他的无视客观物质存在而付出代价了。<br />
<br />
He walked to the ruthless snow barefoot. But he couldn't even feel the ruthlessness of the snow, because his feet soon froze. Of course, this was only 2 li after all, so his feet can still survive. If it were 20 li or 200 li, the 16-year-old boy might still walk barefoot. Then, of course, his feet would pay the price for his disregard of objective material existence.<br />
<br />
20世纪50年代初的中国,商品经济不发达,物质不充足,但人们的精神状态是安适的。中国人,自我需求总有所节制。不过用精神补充物质的不足,把思想作为物质的代替品,只能在一定的时期,一定的限度内。长此以往,乐此不疲,便可能从以精神取代物质发展到以为思想意识可以决定物质存在。一些“彻底的唯物主义者”抛却了唯物主义的基本观点:存在决定意识。30年后,党治国在他的一篇文章中写道:"……用社会意识来解释各种社会现象。好的社会现象是好的社会意识的产物,坏的社会现象是坏的社会意识的产物,于是全部问题被归结为对一种思想的宣传和对另一种思想的批判。”<br />
<br />
In China in the early 1950s, the commodity economy was underdeveloped and the material was insufficient, but people's mental state was comfortable. Chinese people always control their self-needs. However, it can only be within a certain period and a certain limit to supplement the material deficiency with spirit and take thought as a substitute for material. In the long run, if you enjoy it, you may develop from replacing material with spirit to thinking that ideology can determine material existence. Some "thorough materialists" have abandoned the basic viewpoint of materialism: existence determines consciousness. Thirty years later, Dang Zhiguo wrote in his article: "…explaining various social phenomena with social consciousness. Good social phenomena are the product of good social consciousness, while bad social phenomena are the product of bad social consciousness, so all the problems are attributed to the promotion of one kind of thought and the criticism of another."<br />
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1957年,这种批判像火灾似的在清华大学里蔓延开来,烧向钱伟长,烧向黄万里……党治国走上台辩论:他们不是“右派”!党治国走进校党委办公室：他们不是“右派”！<br />
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In 1957, this kind of criticism spread like a fire in Tsinghua University, burning to Qian Weichang and Huang Wanli... Dang came to the stage to debate: they are not rightists! He entered the office of the school party Committee: they are not rightists!<br />
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“正是为了真正拥护党的方针政策,”他在会上说,“可以允许人们先怀疑一下。怀疑以后再把自己驳倒,这才是真正的信任,真正的拥护。”<br />
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"It is precisely in order to truly uphold the Party's principles and policies," he said at the meeting, "that people can be allowed to doubt first. Doubt and then refute yourself later, which is true trust and true support."<br />
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党治国讲话没有一点顾虑。他这个来自黄河边的人,像黄河一样古朴。他对党的感情、对党的忠诚,连一点杂质也没有,自然用不着担心自己说“错”话而成为“右派”。<br />
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Dang had no worries. He was a man from the Yellow River, as simple as the Yellow River. His feelings and loyalty to the party didn't even have any impurities, so he naturally didn't have to worry about saying something wrong to be a rightist.<br />
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但是,根据意识决定存在的“原理”,有“右派言论”的人,就是“右派”分子。<br />
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However, according to the principle that consciousness determines existence, those who have rightist remarks are rightists.<br />
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无限制地强调意识的作用,结果必定是走向反面——取消思想自由。党治国步他的老师们的后尘,也成了“右派”,而且是“极右”。他的一个同窗好友是个结巴,原先一见他老远就叫“党、党、党、党——治国!”憋上半天才憋出“治国”两个字,实在累人。结巴老弟就把他的名字简化成一个字:“党!”现在自然不敢再叫他“党”了。当着人连话也不敢说。只在没人注意时不用称呼地对他说上一句:“浪子回头金不换。”两个月后,没想到结巴老弟也成了“浪子右派”。浪子二号见了浪子一号,只能摇着头说一句:“往事不堪回首。”<br />
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Unlimited emphasis on the role of consciousness must lead to the opposite—abolition of freedom of thought. Dang Zhiguo followed in the footsteps of his teachers and became a "rightist" and an "ultra-rightist". One of his classmates was a stutter. When he saw him far away, he would shout "Dang, Dang, Dang, Dang—Zhiguo!" It was tiring to suppress the word "Zhiguo" for half a day. The stammer reduced his name to one word: "Dang!" Now naturally, he dared not call him "Dang" any more (In Chinese, Dang党 means the Party). He dared not speak in front of Dang Zhiguo. Only when no one noticed, he said to Dang Zhiguo without saying his name: "A prodigal who returns is more precious than gold." Two months later, no one expected that this stammer should become a "prodigal rightist". When the prodigal no.2 saw the prodigal no.1, he could only shake his head and say, "My past is unbearable to recall."<br />
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党治国成了“极右”后,三天没吃饭。他怎么会是“右派”呢?不过,党是不会错的。绝对。那么只有从自己身上找原因了。实在无法想通,只好先接受这个结论——是自己错了,再慢慢去想。<br />
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After Dang became the "ultra-rightist", he didn't eat for three days. How can he be a "rightist"? However, the party can't be wrong. Absolutely. Then he had to find the reason from himself. He really can't figure it out, so he had to accept this conclusion first that he was wrong and then think about it slowly.<br />
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1957年的“右派”里边,有多少人恰恰是先进生产力的代表。1956年党中央提出了“百花齐放、百家争鸣”的方针,到1957年先进生产力就急切爆发出来了。但是,对不起,请君入瓮吧。你们不应该有思想的自由,因为用不着你们思想。<br />
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Many of the "rightists" in 1957 were representatives of advanced productive forces? In 1956, the CPC Central Committee put forward the policy of "letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend", so in 1957, advanced productive forces popped up eagerly. But, I'm sorry, treating someone in your own ways. You should not have the freedom to think, because you don't need your thoughts.<br />
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有计划的盲目生产<br />
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Planned Blind Production<br />
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西安郊区有个新丰砖瓦厂。该厂取土制砖时发现了舍利精室。舍利,是指佛的骨灰。迎舍利,供舍利,是佛家,也是朝廷的大事。释迦牟尼火葬后,八国争夺舍利,百姓求分舍利,分不到的,用金、银、水晶、玛瑙等制作舍利。砖瓦厂发现的舍利精室,就是用水晶做的舍利代用品,水晶舍利装在玻璃瓶里,玻璃瓶装在饰有鎏金狮子、珍珠团花的金棺里。金棺置于饰满翡翠、玛瑙、珍珠、猫儿眼等等的银椁里。释迦如来涅槃后,他的骨灰的代用品都能住进造价这么高的圣地,足见百姓对佛的虔诚。<br />
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There is a Xinfeng brick and tile factory in the suburb of Xi'an. The Buddhist relics room was discovered when the factory took soil to make bricks. Buddhist relics refer to the ashes of Buddha. It is a great event for Buddhism and the imperial court to welcome and offer Buddhist relics. After the Buddha's cremation, eight countries competed for the relics, and the people asked for sharing the relics. If they couldn't get them, they made Buddhist relics with gold, silver, crystal and agate. The Buddhist relics room discovered by the brick and tile factory is a relic substitute made of crystal. The crystal relic was packed in a glass bottle, which was put in a gold coffin decorated with gold lions and pearl flowers. The gold coffin was placed in a silver coffin decorated with jadeite, agate, pearl, chrysoberyl and so on. After the Buddha's nirvana, the substitutes of his ashes can live in the holy land with such high cost, which shows the people's piety towards Buddha.<br />
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把自己的命运系在对佛的信仰上,这大约也是中国人的一种祖传吧。“右派分子”党治国看到报上关于亩产水稻6万斤,亩产红薯120万斤的报道后,不禁对党心悦诚服——国家现在能取得这么大的成绩,自然和清除“右派”有关系。自己成了“右派”,也值得了。<br />
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It is probably the ancestral tradition of Chinese people to tie their own destiny to their belief in Buddha. After reading the newspaper saying 60,000 jin of rice per mu and 1.2 million jin of sweet potatoes per mu, the "rightists" can't help but be convinced that the reason why the country can achieve such great achievements now was because of the elimination of the "rightists". It was worthwhile to become a "rightist".<br />
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就是买东西很不方便。以前可以招呼售货员:同志,请你给我称点什么。现在怎么可以叫人家同志呢?你已经不是人家的同志了。可是,上去就没头没脑地说, 你给我称点什么,又觉得不礼貌。<br />
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It was just that shopping was very inconvenient. He used to greet the salesman: Comrade, please weigh something for me. How can he call someone a comrade now? He was no longer a comrade. However, when he said, "You, weigh something for me" without previous thinking, it was impolite.<br />
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其实售货员谁知道你是“右派”？你自己干吗老给自己念紧箍咒？问题是党治国的确相信了自己是“右派”。因为他至诚地相信党,相信党的每一项运动,不再相信自己。<br />
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In fact, how can a salesman know that you are a "rightist"? Why do you always read yourself the Band-tightening Spell? The problem was that Dang Zhiguo really believed that he was a "rightist". Because he sincerely believed in the party, believes in every movement of the party, and no longer believed in himself.<br />
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既然相信自己是“右派”,就应该保持当“右派”的自觉性,丝毫马虎不得。<br />
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Since he believed that he was a "rightist", he thought that we should keep our consciousness of being "rightists", and we should not be careless at all.<br />
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清华大学的“右派”师生们被送到北京木城涧煤矿改造。打风钻。放炮。挖煤。背煤。1960年底,被开除了学籍的党治国回到家乡韩城县。这就是他的家乡吗?棉花掉了一地没人拣;红薯地里,农民们只拣面上的,不管地下的;干活不记工分;吃饭不要钱。每家的小锅都砸了大炼钢铁了。1959年的誓师会上已经喊出了小麦亩产100万斤。1960年的韩城人每天的粮食却不够半斤。西安火车站挤满了从各地逃荒来的人。<br />
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The "rightist" teachers and students in Tsinghua University were sent to Muchengjian Coal Mine in Beijing for reeducation, using the pneumatic drill and gunpowder, digging for coal and pulling coal. At the end of 1960, Dang, who was expelled from school, returned to his hometown, Hancheng County. Was this his hometown? Cotton fell all over the ground and no one picked it; In the sweet potato field, farmers only picked the one on the surface, regardless of those underground; Work points were useless; There was no need to pay money for dinner. Every small pot has been smashed to manufacture steel. At the pep rally in 1959, it was shouted that the yield per mu of wheat was 1 million jin. In 1960, however, Hancheng people didn't have half a jin of food every day. Xi'an railway station was crowded with people fleeing from all over the country.<br />
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这就是亩产多少万斤的结果?<br />
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This was the result of thousands of jin per mu?<br />
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人有多大胆,地有多大产。思想有多好,产量有多高。这些荒谬的事,为什么 没有人出来提意见? “反右”的损失首先不是把几十万人打成“右派”,而是否定了一个民主原则——让人讲话的原则。<br />
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The bolder people are, the more productive the fields will be. The better the ideological awareness is, the higher the production will be. Why didn't anyone come out to give advice on these absurd things? First of all, the loss of "anti-rightist" is not to label hundreds of thousands of people as "rightists", but to deny a democratic principle—the principle of making people speak.<br />
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唐代长安诗人写过一首有名的《宫词》:<br />
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A poet living in Chang'an in Tang Dynasty wrote a famous Gong Ci (a kind of poetry depicting daily trivia of emperors in the imperial court):<br />
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“寂寂花时闭院门,美人相并立琼轩。含情欲说宫中事,鹦鹉前头不敢言。”<br />
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"Many doors of the palace are closed, and people feel lonely even when flowers bloom. Before the gorgeous window, beauties stand side by side. They want to tell the story of the palace with tender affection, but don’t dare to speak easily as a parrot is in front."<br />
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面对“鹦鹉前头不敢言”的局面,党治国认真地开始了他的怀疑。一天吃不到多少东西,所以也干不了多少活。他开始大量读书,尤其是读马列著作。三十多年后他在一篇文章里写道:“当不承认重力规律的人从高山上往下跳的时候,重力规律不因为得不到这个人的承认而退避三舍。同样,当个人意志、国家意志以至全社会意志不承认某一经济规律的时候,这一经济规律不仅仍然要发生作用,而且发生作用的方式是相当无情和揶揄的。”“有计划的盲目生产比之生产的无政府状态对生产的破坏更大。”<br />
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Faced with the situation that "don’t dare to speak easily as a parrot is in front", Dang Zhiguo seriously doubted something. As he can't eat much in one day, he can't do much work. He began to read a lot of books, especially Marxist-Leninist works. More than 30 years later, he wrote in an article: "When a person who does not recognize the law of gravity jumps down from a high mountain, the law of gravity will not be invalid even if it is not recognized by this person. Similarly, when the will of the individual, the state and even the whole society do not recognize a certain economic law, this economic law not only still has to work, but also the way it works is quite ruthless and embarrassing." "The planned blind production is more destructive to production than it in a state of anarchy."<br />
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计划经济要是违反了经济规律,就不是个别的、偶然的违反,而是整体的“有计划”地违反,后果自然严重。<br />
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If the planned economy violates economic laws, it is not an violation individually or accidentally, but an overall "planned" violation, so the consequences are naturally serious.<br />
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党治国在发生一种变化:由当“右派”的自觉性向做人的自觉性变化。他那长自黄河边的古朴而青春的体内,自信心正在恢复。他写了一副对联:<br />
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A change was taking place in Dang Zhiguo: from the consciousness of being a "rightist" to the consciousness of being a man. His self-confidence was recovering in the simple and youthful body that grew from the Yellow River. He wrote a couplet:<br />
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常保数百卷书千载不做小人 时缺几十斤粮一身仍是大汉<br />
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If you can keep hundreds of books regularly, you will not be reduced to a lowly profession for thousands of years; Even though you lack dozens of jin of food sometimes, you is still a man<br />
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“文化革命”的经济根源<br />
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The Economic Root of the Cultural Revolution<br />
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胸挺腰直,血液畅通,大脑能得到丰富的血液供应,人的思维能力便能达到最佳点。党治国为了获得思维的最佳点,每天劳动回来,必定端坐在床前读《资本论》。或者说,是因为需要啃下《资本论》,他才找到这个最佳点。<br />
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When the chest is straight, the blood is unblocked, the brain can get rich blood supply, so people's thinking ability can reach the best point. In order to get the best point of thinking, Dang must sit upright in front of the bed and read Capital: A Critique of Political Economy after he came back from work every day. In other words, because he needed to understand this book, he found this best point.<br />
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这是1970年2月,“右派”党治国在理所当然地历经批斗、游街等等“文革”系列把戏之后,被判了20年徒刑。<br />
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In February 1970, the "rightist" Dang Zhiguo was sentenced to 20 years in prison after the series of tricks of the Cultural Revolution, such as struggle session and street parading.<br />
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“我说老党,”同室关押的犯人问他,“你判刑最长,怎么不见你发愁呢?”<br />
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"Hey, old Dang," asked the inmate in his room, "you have been sentenced the longest. Why don't you worry?"<br />
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“愁什么?”<br />
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"Worry about what?"<br />
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“等你20年刑满释放出来,你都50多岁了!”<br />
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"When you are released from prison for 20 years, you are in your 50s!"<br />
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“不会的。”<br />
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"It won't happen."<br />
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“怎么不会?你现在35岁,再过20年,不是55岁?”<br />
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"Why not? You're 35 now, 20 years from now, not 55?"<br />
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“不会关这么长。20年是他们的意志。但社会的发展不是以他们的意志为转移的。我相信规律。我相信我最多坐10年牢。”<br />
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"I won't be locked up for so long. Twenty years is their will. But the development of society is not transferred by their will. I believe in laws. I believe I need to be in prison for 10 years at most."<br />
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“嘿!那你整天看《资本论》,演算数学题干什么？瞧瞧,什么价值、增长额、工资、劳动目的!”<br />
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"Hey! Then why do you read the Capital: A Critique of Political Economy and calculate math problems all day? Look, value, growth, salary and labor purpose!"<br />
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“我要研究资本家有多少钱,”党治国狡黠地一笑,“将来我好管理这些钱。”<br />
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"I want to study how much money capitalists have," Dang said with a sly smile. "I can manage this money in the future."<br />
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自然这是一句戏言。不过他在潜意识里认定自己只要不死,就要研究经济问题,研究尚被忽略、但非解决不可的经济问题。因为问题已经愈来愈清晰地显示出来了:一切社会变革的后面,都有经济规律的作用。他党治国落到20年在押犯的地步,中国落到全国上下“脱产闹革命”的地步,绝不仅仅是错误思想的产物,而是有深刻的经济根源的。<br />
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Naturally, this is a joke. However, he subconsciously thought that as long as he did not die, he would study economic problems, which were still neglected but must be solved. Because the problem has become more and more clear: behind all social changes, there are economic laws. It was not only the product of wrong ideas, but also had profound economic roots that he became a prisoner for 20 years and people all over the country left their company to work for a revolution.<br />
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（当然,那时的党治国还不知道中国有个“四人帮”——本人侧重谈经济。）<br />
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(Of course, at that time, Dang did not know that there was a Gang of Four in China. I focused on the economy.)<br />
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经过三年困难时期,我们汲取了一些教训,采取了一些措施。经济得到发展后,必然要求上层建筑有相应的变革。发展了的生产カ必然要求生产关系有相应的变革。这就激化了变革的力量和反变革的力量的斗争。于是批“三自一包”,批“修正主义”。于是高呼“无产阶级专政万岁”。<br />
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After three difficult years, we have learned some lessons and taken some measures. After the development of economy, it is inevitable to require corresponding changes in superstructure. Developed production inevitably requires corresponding changes in production relations. This intensifies the struggle between the forces of change and the forces against change. Therefore, we criticized the agricultural economic policy including managing our own land, free market and taking responsibility for our own profits and losses and household responsibility system. We also criticized revisionism. So we shouted "Long live the dictatorship of the proletariat".<br />
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热昏的头脑是无从知道自己的疯狂行为后边的真实原因的。党治国知道。不是因为他的头脑比人家清醒,而是因为他的经历和感受为他提供了他需要弄清的思想。1957年他在“清华”眼睁睁地看到那些代表先进生产力的专家、教授被专了政。他自己本是满怀着到祖国最艰苦的地方去的理想而报考了清华水利系。他受了《远离莫斯科的地方》这本小说的影响。他要远离大城市。艰苦的环境本身就是一种吸引力。与困难做斗争本身就是ー种吸引力。去做别人做不到的事就是一种吸引力。为伟大理想献身就是一种吸引力。一个全省第一的学生满怀献身的热情出现在清华水利系,这在50年代自然也是先进生产力的ー个分子,因此也难逃被专政的命运。<br />
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It is impossible for those who can’t keep their wits about them to know the real reason behind their crazy behavior. Dang Zhiguo knew it. Not because his mind was clearer than others, but because his experiences and feelings provided him with ideas he needed to make clear. In 1957, he saw that those experts and professors who represented advanced production were deprived of the right to speak in Tsinghua University. He himself applied for the Water Conservancy Department of Tsinghua University with the ideal of going to the hardest place in the motherland. He was influenced by the novel Far from Moscow. He wanted to stay away from big cities. The challenging environment itself was an attraction. Struggling with difficulties itself was an attraction. Doing what others can't do was a kind of attraction. Dedication to great ideals was a kind of attraction. A student who was the first in the whole province was enrolled in the Department of Water Conservancy of Tsinghua University with dedication, which naturally made him a member of advanced production in 1950s, so he could not escape the fate of being deprived of the right to speak.<br />
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后来党治国长年在陕西铜川当井下掘进工。下煤井的活,以前被称为“三块石头夹一块肉”——危险。当时在井下炸煤层,都是正向爆破。就是在煤层打好洞, 放进五六个炸药包后,先引爆最里边的那个炸药包,然后一个个往外引爆。爆炸时高压气体膨胀,往外冲出,分散了爆炸的力度。为什么不能倒过来,先引爆最外边的那个炸药包、搞反向爆破呢?那样不就可以爆力集中了吗?党治国违反了操作规程,搞起了反向爆破。开始是悄悄地。在80年代,人们会认为反向爆破的道理是再简单明了不过的。但是在60年代,谁第一个提出把正向爆破改成反向爆破, 是很难得到认可的。<br />
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Later, Dang worked as an underground tunnel worker in Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province for many years. The work of going down a coal mine used to be called "three stones with one piece of meat, which meant the job was dangerous. At that time, coal seams were blown underground, all of which were the blasting process of forward initiation. That was, after drilling holes in the coal seam and putting five or six explosive packs, first detonate the innermost explosive pack, and then detonate them one by one. When they explode, the high-pressure gas expanded and rushed out, decreasing the power level of an explosion. Why can't we turn it upside down, detonate the outermost explosive pack first, and have the blasting process of reverse initiation? If we did like this, we could have concentrated bombing. Dang violated the operating rules and started reverse blasting. He started it quietly. In the 1980s, people would think that the principle of reverse blasting was simple and clear. However, in the 1960s, it was difficult for the person who first proposed to change forward blasting into reverse blasting to get recognition.<br />
<br />
在无人知晓的情况下试验成功了,也就得到认可了。<br />
<br />
The experiment was successful when no one knew it, and then it was recognized.<br />
<br />
1965年,随着国家经济形势的好转,党治国成了当地煤炭先进技术传播团的一个分子。党治国运用这个爆力集中的原理,集中他的精力,一个时期搞一项技术革新。但是,生产力要求发展的结果,是又一次遭到“革命”。“突出政治”，“再论 突出政治”。人人政治化,社会泛政治化。生产力就一而再,再而三地受到压制。<br />
<br />
In 1965, with the improvement of the national economic situation, Dang became a member of the local advanced coal technology communication group. He used this principle of concentration of explosive power, concentrated his attention, and engaged in technological innovations in a period of time. However, the development required by production forces was once again "revolutionized". "Paying Attention to Mao Zedong Thought" and "Re-discussing the Importance of Mao Zedong Thought". Everyone talked about politicization and the society was about parapolitics. Productive forces were limited again and again.<br />
<br />
于是党治国组织了一个共产主义小组,辅导大家学习《共产党宣言》《马克思主义的三个来源和三个组成部分》等等。30年后他自嘲地对我说,那时候他其实是个空想共产主义者。不过那时候他可是实实在在地进行他的“共产主义”事业的。他连篇累牍地写文章,不仅批“右”,而且批“左”。他只能打着批“右”的旗号来批“左”。这种逆向思维比反向爆破还危险。所以对有家室的好友,他一个都不让他们参加这个共产主义小组。他只要单身男子。果然不久他就被抓起来了。妻子被逼离婚。于是他也成了单身男子。不过他得侍奉一双父母和抚养一个孩子。<br />
<br />
Therefore, Dang organized a communist group to help everyone study the ''Communist Manifesto'', ''The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism'' and so on. Thirty years later, he told me wryly that he was actually a utopian communist at that time. But he actually carried out his "communist" cause. He wrote articles endlessly, criticizing not only "right wing" but also "left wing". He can only criticize "left wing" under the banner of criticizing "right wing". This reverse thinking was more dangerous than reverse blasting. Therefore, he refused to let all his friends with families join this communist group. He only wanted single men. Sure enough, he was soon arrested. His wife was forced to divorce. So he became a single man. However, he had to serve his parents and raised his child.<br />
<br />
判了20年徒刑的单身男子挺胸直腰地坐在监狱的床前,运用爆力集中的原理攻读《资本论》。《资本论》的扉页上,赫然写着:马列主义者党治国。<br />
<br />
Sentenced to 20 years in prison, this single man sat in front of the prison bed upright, using the principle of explosive concentration to study Das Kapital. On the title page of it, it was impressively written: Marxist-Leninist Dang Zhiguo.<br />
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“你还看马列,人家就是用马列把你关进来的!”<br />
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"You still read Marxism-Leninism? People use it to lock you in!"<br />
<br />
“不。那是违背了马列才把我关进来的。”<br />
<br />
"No. They were against Marxism-Leninism, so I was locked in."<br />
<br />
后来党治国在他的文章里写道:“无产阶级革命的目的绝不是要用自己的面貌改造世界,使全社会成员都变成无产者,而是要改变自己的面貌,使自己和社会全体成员都变成有财产的人,最后使一切生产资料为社会全体成员所共有。”<br />
<br />
Later, Dang wrote in his article: "The purpose of the proletarian revolution is by no means to transform the world and make all members of society proletarian, but to change its own face and make itself and all members of society become people with property, and finally make all means of production shared by all members of society."<br />
<br />
“左”倾路线被认为才是对整体利益的维护。而当大多数人的利益都受到不同程度的损害时,所谓“整体利益,就变成了一小撮人的特权。社会主义并不是部分人的专利,而是全人类解放的科学。一个国家的社会主义性质只能用每个社会成员的解放程度、自由发展的程度和富裕增长的程度来衡量,而不能用这个社会对自己的评价来判断”。 " ‘左’倾路线的二十余年,就是不断发起政治运动抑制矛盾、打击改革要求的过程。”是的,极“左”路线下固有的、一成不变的所有制,不可能随时调节生产力和生产关系的矛盾。大跃进。大锅饭。割资本主义尾巴。宁要 社会主义的草。商品经济是资本主义经济的代名词,计划经济是社会主义经济的代名词。践踏经济规律的结果,是经济规律迫使我们付出巨大的代价,然后还得按经济规律办事。<br />
<br />
The "left" line was regarded as the maintenance of the overall interests. When the interests of most people were violated to varying degrees, the so-called "overall interests become the privilege of a small group of people. Socialism is not the privilege of some people, but the science of liberation for all mankind. The socialist nature of a country can only be measured by the degree of liberation, free development and wealth growth of each member of society, but can not be judged by the society's evaluation of itself." "The ‘left’ line for more than 20 years is the process of constantly launching political movements to curb contradictions and influence reform requirements." Yes, the inherent and unchangeable ownership under the "ultra-left" line can't adjust the contradiction between productivity and production relations at any time. The Great Leap Forward. Eating food prepared in a large canteen. Ending speculation. The grass of socialism is better than the seedlings of capitalism. Commodity economy is synonymous with capitalist economy, and planned economy is synonymous with socialist economy. The result of violating the laws of economics is that the laws of economics force us to pay a huge price, and then we have to act according to the laws of economics.<br />
<br />
我登上西安城南大雁塔64米高的顶层向下望去,便想起白居易的诗:“百千家似围棋局,十二街如种菜畦。”从大雁塔通往西安车站的十里长街如同一条直线,很像围棋盘上的棋格。西安的街道使人联想到规规矩矩的单向思维。大雁塔下的景致使人感到单调和缺憾。当年玄奘从印度带回657部梵文经典,就在此地译经十载。公元648年,唐太宗为玄奘所译诸经写总序。唐太宗实行均田制、租庸调法等经济改革,发展外贸和文化交流,乃至把文成公主嫁给吐蕃王松赞十布等,终于出现盛唐局面。盛唐的长安与上百个国家和地区交往。满载丝绸的商队从长安出发,路经中亚、南亚、西亚,直抵欧洲。丝绸之路沿线的古城楼兰,人称“沙漠中的庞贝城”,是商品集散地和中转贸易站。<br />
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When I climbed the 64-meter-high Giant Wild Goose Pagoda in the south of Xi'an, stood on the top floor and looked down, I remembered Bai Juyi's poem: "The distribution of hundreds and thousands of houses in Chang'an is like the board of Go, and the twelve streets separate the city, which is like same vegetable plots." The ten-li long street from the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda to Xi'an Station is like a straight line, which is much like the chess grid on the Go board. The streets of Xi'an reminds me of vertical thinking. The scenery under the pagoda makes people feel monotonous and regrettable. Xuanzang brought back 657 Sanskrit classics from India and translated them here for ten years. In 648 AD, Emperor Taizong of Tang wrote a general preface to the classics translated by Xuanzang. Emperor Taizong carried out economic reforms such as equal-field system and Zu Yong Diao, developed foreign trade and cultural exchanges, and even married Princess Wencheng to the Tibetan king Songtsen Gampo, which finally led to the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Chang'an in the prosperous Tang Dynasty communicated with hundreds of countries and regions. The caravan loaded with silk set off from Chang'an, passed through Central Asia, South Asia, West Asia, and reached Europe. Loulan, an ancient city along the Silk Road, was called "Pompeii in the Desert" and was a commodity distribution center and transit trading station.<br />
<br />
唐朝经济的发达,和思想文化的发达是对称的。中国人从小就背《唐诗三百首》,历来都研究唐代文学,可惜太少研究唐代经济。儒家传统主张以德治国,有没有经济一样治国。但是就算10亿人都能背下《唐诗三百首》,也依然不能在这个世上立足的。<br />
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The development of economy in Tang Dynasty coincided with the development of ideology and culture. Chinese people recite the Three Hundred Tang Poems from an early age, and have always studied Tang Dynasty literature, but it’s a pity that they seldom study Tang Dynasty economy. Confucian traditions advocate governing the country by virtue, and the country can be governed whether there is economy or not. But even if 1 billion people can recite these poems, this country still can't establish itself in this world.<br />
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1300多年过去了,解放30多年了。人们向我介绍西安,不是讲兵马俑,就是讲李白醉卧长安,再不背诵谪仙人的诗:“长安一片月,万户捣衣声。”这使我想起老年人,老人的心态是喜欢回忆过去。<br />
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More than 1300 years have passed and more than 30 years have passed since liberation. When People introduce Xi'an to me, they either talk about the terracotta army or Li Bai lying drunk in Chang'an, or recite the poem of Li Bai: "The bright moonlight shines on the city of Chang'an, and the sound of pounding clothes can be heard from thousands of homes." This reminds me of the old people, whose mentality is to like to recall the past.<br />
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今天的西安即使不和发达国家做横向比较,即使只是自己和自己比,变化是不是也太小了一点?有人对我说:西安地下的比地上的好看。这天我走进城郊一家饭馆,满地的碎骨头剩菜!油垢的饭桌,污浊的塑料酒杯,发黑的香肠和发干的松花蛋。如果唐代的诗人墨客到此一游,恐怕会拂袖而去吧。李白大约会仰天长啸:吃饭难,难于上青天!不过20世纪80年代的顾客们,习惯地熟练地在这里痛饮饱食。而我觉得难以下咽。更何况跳蚤像小人一样在对我进行防不胜防的袭击。我应该入乡随俗?我应该改造自己的思想,改造自己的脾胃?不,我不想去适应这些今天不应有的落后的、不文明的一切。中国人不应该在80年代的今天还坐在碎骨头剩菜间吃黑香肠。我们必须改造这样的饭馆,使之适应更文明的需求,而不是让我们去适应它。<br />
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Even if today's Xi'an is not compared with developed countries horizontally, but is only compared with itself, is the change too small? Someone said to me: Xi'an underground is better than it on the ground. On this day, I walked into a restaurant in the suburbs, and there were broken bones and leftovers all over the ground! Greasy dining tables, dirty plastic wine glasses, blackened sausages and dry century eggs. If the poets of Tang Dynasty visited here, I'm afraid they would leave. Li Bai will probably face upwards and shout: The way to eat delicious food is as hard as the blue sky to scale! However, customers in 1980s used to drink and eat here skillfully. But I find it hard to swallow. What's more, It’s impossible for me to guard against fleas attacking me like villains. I should do as the Romans do? I should have thought reform and adjust my stomach? No, I don't want to adapt to these backward and uncivilized things that shouldn't be there today. Chinese people shouldn't sit between broken bones and leftovers and eat blackened sausages today in the 1980s. We must transform such restaurants to meet the needs of a more civilized society, not let us adapt to it.<br />
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党治国在他的经济论文中写道:“当社会不是从基本的经济事实出发,而是从原则和原理出发,动员思想的、政治的和法律的力量同客观经济规律进行斗争的时 候（‘十年动乱’就是这样典型的时期）,社会付出巨额的经济代价,得到的却是败坏的社会风气和死气沉沉的萧条景象。”<br />
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In his economic paper, Dang wrote: "When the society starts from principles and principles instead of basic economic facts, to mobilize ideological, political and legal forces to fight against objective economic laws ('The Cultural Revolution' is such a typical period), the society pays a huge economic price, but gets bad social climate and depression."<br />
<br />
头脑此心脏重要<br />
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The Mind is More Important Than the Heart<br />
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1975年,邓小平同志出来工作了。在押犯党治国感到好像自己刑满释放ー样的高兴。他觉得这下自己的思想轨迹能合上中央政策的轨迹了。本来嘛,无产阶级夺取政权以后,发展生产力就是无产阶级的根本利益所在。国家的转机来了,他党治国的转机就会来。他把他的希望全部系于小平同志的身上。<br />
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In 1975, Comrade Deng Xiaoping came out to work. The prisoner Dang Zhiguo felt as happy as if he was released from prison. He felt that his ideological track could be close to the track of the central policy. After all, after the proletariat seized political power, it is the fundamental interest of the proletariat to develop productivity. When the turning point of the country comes, the turning point of him will also come. He pinned all his hopes on Comrade Xiaoping.<br />
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但是他等到的却是批邓。<br />
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But what he waited for was to criticize Deng.<br />
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他的头发一下子全白了,稀疏了。<br />
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His hair suddenly turned white and thinned.<br />
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他这个铁铮铮的黑大汉,一下变成了老汉。以前不管在游街时,在监狱中,他的心里经常回荡着他最喜爱的《斗牛士之歌》的旋律。可是从此他再也想不起他那斗牛英雄了,他只记得伏尔加船夫曲了 :唉嗨哟,唉嗨哟……<br />
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He, an unyielding man with dark skin, suddenly became an old man. In the past, whether in the streets or in prison, his heart often echoed with the melody of his favorite "Toreador Song". But he never remembered his bullfighting hero again. He only remembered the "Song of the Volga Boatmen": Ay-da, da, ay-da...<br />
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他并不怕死,准确地说,他最不怕的就是死。但他怕绝望,尤其怕从希望的顶峰突然掉进绝望的深渊。<br />
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He was not afraid of death. To be precise, he feared death the least. But he was afraid of despair, especially falling suddenly from the peak of hope into the abyss of despair.<br />
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社会上大批右倾翻案风,监狱里党治国首当其冲。一个彻底绝望的人,就是一个可怕的人。你们不是要批我翻案复辟吗?好,他自己带头批自己一他不仅要复辟资本主义,而且要复辟封建主义,而且复辟原始共产主义。他从头坏到脚,从脚烂到头。<br />
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In the society, there was the Counterattacking the Right-Deviationist Reversal-of-Verdicts Trend, and Dang bore the brunt in the prison. A completely desperate person is a terrible person. Aren't you going to criticize me for reversing my verdict? Well, he himself took the lead in criticizing himself—he wanted to restore not only capitalism, but also feudalism and primitive communism. He became evil.<br />
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他实在没有生之留恋了。<br />
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There was no love left for him.<br />
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他本来就不重视他这个躯体的物质存在。1967年西安武斗,有一天他把两手插进大衣口袋,大模大样地走向射击密集地。他当时只不过产生了一个奇怪的想法:人中了枪弹是什么感觉?事后想来,那三四十米的射击区里,只他一个人在做死亡游戏,实在也觉得后怕了——不是怕死,是怕死得没意义。<br />
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He didn't pay attention to the material existence of his body. During the violent struggle in Xi'an in 1967, one day, he put his hands in his coat pockets and marched towards an area with intense fire. At that time, he just had a strange idea: What does it feel like to be shot? In hindsight, in the shooting area of 30-40 meters, only he was playing the game of death, and he had a lingering fear—he was not afraid of death, but of meaningless death.<br />
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1968年他在牛棚里给吊打得晕死过去。迷迷糊糊中,听到有人在说:“把党治国打死了也没关系。他死了更好,少了一个反革命。”不,他可不能这么不清不白地死去!<br />
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In 1968, he passed out after he was beaten in the cowshed. In a daze, Ihe heard someone saying, "It doesn't matter if he is killed. It is better if he dies, because a person who is against revolution disappear." No, he can't die in unclear circumstances!<br />
<br />
1970年铜川市把他判了死刑上报省里,省里那次共有七个死刑犯的名单。但据说这一批只枪毙四个,党治国的名字是第五个。又活了过来。打“右派”有指标,抓“现行反革命”有指标,枪毙人有指标。那就是说,不是因为你有罪才杀你,而是因为要杀你才有罪。<br />
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In 1970, Tongchuan City sentenced him to death and reported it to the province, where there were seven prisoners on death row. However, it is said that only four prisoners were shot in this batch, and Dang Zhiguo was the fifth. So he was still alive. There were quotas for fighting against the "rightists", catching anyone who opposed or resisted a revolution after the liberation movement and shooting people. That is to say, it is not because you are guilty that you are killed, but because you are to be killed that you are guilty. <br />
<br />
前四个人当时都给枪毙了,后来都给平反了。如果将来科学发达了,平反的人都能复活就好了。不过这四个人已被打得脑浆迸裂,怕是怎么也复活不了啦。<br />
<br />
The first four people were shot at that time, and then they were rehabilitated politically. If only all the rehabilitated people would be resurrected when technology develops in the future. However, these four people have been beaten their brains out, so they will not be resurrected no matter what approach was taken.<br />
<br />
党治国听到前四名死刑犯的命运后,不寒而栗。现代医学认为判断ー个人是否死亡,首先是看脑子,而不是心脏。头脑比心脏重要。人要是不能思索,不让思索,那就活像是精神的殉葬。西安郊区的前朝古墓里,当初有多少宫女殉葬,多少工匠被活埋!不过秦朝已经比过去进化了,用大量的“俑殉”代替大量的人殉。秦始皇墓附近有三个兵马俑坑。光是一号坑,就有6000件陶俑、陶马,将军俑、武官俑、战袍俑、铠甲俑、跪射俑、立射俑等等。武士俑排成38路纵队,保护着秦始皇的僵尸,保护着僵硬的封建体系。<br />
<br />
Dang Zhiguo trembled when he heard the fate of the first four prisoners on death row. Modern medicine believes that to judge whether a person dies or not, the first thing to do is to look at the brain, not the heart. The mind is more important than the heart. If people can't think and are not allowed to think, it's like spiritual burial. In the ancient mausoleums of former dynasties in the suburbs of Xi'an, how many maids and craftsmen were buried alive! However, the Qin Dynasty has evolved compared with the past, replacing a large number of people with a large number of figurines. There are three pits of terracotta warriors near the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang. In Pit No.1 alone, there are 6,000 pottery figurines, pottery horses, general figurines, military attaché figurines, warrior figurines in battle robes and armor, kneeling figurines, figurines whose posture is shooting and so on. The warrior figurines formed 38 columns to protect the dead body of Qin Shi Huang and the rigid feudal system.<br />
<br />
兵马俑馆的侧,停放着一大溜前来参观者乘坐的汽车。汽车的式样是五花 八门的,汽车的产地却只有一个——日本。偌大的兵马俑馆天天吸引着成千成千的参观者。每天有一千多外宾。香港报纸说里根拍中国马屁,因为里根摸了一下陶马的屁股。法国总理希拉克说世界有七大奇迹,秦俑的发现可以说是八大奇迹了。不过,发掘违反经济规律的教训比发掘古迹更紧迫。较之馆内的兵马俑,馆外的奇迹更给我以强大的刺激——一字长蛇阵地摆着的日产汽车,强化了的日本经济发展的奇迹。<br />
<br />
On the side of the Terracotta Warriors Museum, there were many cars on which visitors sat before. The styles of cars were varied, but the origin of cars was only one—Japan. The huge Terracotta Warriors Museum attracts thousands of visitors every day. There are more than 1,000 foreign guests every day. Hong Kong newspapers said that Reagan kissed China's ass because Reagan touched the pottery horse's ass. French Prime Minister Jacques Chirac said that there are seven wonders in the world, and the discovery of Qin figurines can be said to be the eighth one. However, it is more urgent to discover the lessons of violating economic laws than to discover historical sites. Compared with the Terracotta Warriors inside the museum, the miracle outside the museum gives me a powerful stimulus. Cars made in Japan were placed in a long array, which strengthened the miracle of Japanese economic development.<br />
<br />
经济发展和政治民主是互为作用的。体制的生命力在于自身有新陈代谢的功能,自身能不断选择和更迭各个层次的领导者,自身能不断调整和更新生产关系。党治国写道:“社会主义的扩大再生产还应扩大再生产出社会主义的生产关系。”是的,我们不仅要生产出更多的工农业产品,我们首先要生产出更科学、更合理的生产关系。<br />
<br />
Economic development and political democracy interact with each other. The vitality of the system lies in its metabolism function, its ability to constantly choose and change leaders at all levels, and its ability to constantly adjust and update production relations. Dang wrote: "The expanded reproduction of socialism should also expand and reproduce socialist relations of production." Yes, we should not only produce more industrial and agricultural products, but we should first produce more scientific and reasonable relations of production.<br />
<br />
生——产——关——系?<br />
<br />
Production relations?<br />
<br />
文凭可以补发,思维不能重复<br />
<br />
Diplomas Can be Reissued, But Thinking Cannot be Repeated<br />
<br />
活着的头脑是不能停止思索的。1978年召开全国科学大会的前夕,党治国在监狱里提出他也要向科学大会献礼。他在狱中写了《凿岩机最佳轴推力的研究》和《评皆吉斯朵夫的风钻轴推力公式》等论文,搞了水玻璃泮火机、锉盘的复活技术、自动淬水筛等好几项革新。1980年他一出狱,浮肿着脸就到处搞科技资料,四方出击地发表了关于热处理、轴承、电炉和风动工具等十来篇论文。<br />
<br />
A living mind can't stop thinking. Before the National Science Conference was held in 1978, Dang proposed in prison that he would also present gifts to the conference. In prison, he wrote papers such as Research on Optimal Shaft Thrust of Drilling Machine and Comment on Detistikov's Drilling Machine Shaft Thrust Formula, and made several innovations such as sodium metasilicate quenching machine, revival technology of files, and automatic dewatering screen. When he was released from prison in 1980, he searched scientific and technological materials everywhere with a swollen face, and published a dozen papers on heat treatment, bearings, electric furnaces and pneumatic tools.<br />
<br />
1984年底他调到西安市民用煤研究所工作。他这个清华大学水利系学生进入“右派”生涯后,有10年就是在煤矿里打风钻（即凿岩机）。当初风钻没有支架, 往高处打洞时,党治国本可以搬个随便什么物件,站上去打。但他嫌费事。他总是急急地想多干活。他一见活就着急。他举起60斤重的风钻顶在头上打洞,他那大高个子就是一个活动支架。不过风钻开动时那每分钟震动1800次带来的噪音,整整伤害了他10年。为什么还要听任这种伤人的声波在矿里继续肆虐?！<br />
<br />
At the end of 1984, he was transferred to Xi'an Civil Coal Research Institute. After he, a water conservancy student in Tsinghua University, was recognized as a "rightist", he spent 10 years using drilling machine in coal mines. At the beginning, the drills had no supports, and when holes were drilled in high places, Dang could have moved anything and stood up to drill. But he thought it too troublesome. He was always in a hurry to work more. He was anxious when he had work to do. He lifted a 30-kilogram drilling machine top to make a hole in his head, and his tall figure was a movable bracket. But when the drill machine was turned on, it vibrated 1800 times every minute, which brought noises hurting him for 10 years. Why should he let this hurtful sound wave continue to spread out in the mine? !<br />
<br />
党治国把气动凿岩机的设计图纸送到一些有条件生产的工厂。技术人员一看就明白,可是领导们说:这只不过是图纸,没有样机来证明。<br />
<br />
Dang sent the design drawings of rotary pneumatic rock drills to some factories with conditions for production. Technicians can understand them when they see them, but leaders said: This is just a drawing, and there is no prototype to prove it.<br />
<br />
可是,党治国是测试过数据,证实了原理的。<br />
<br />
However, Dang had tested the data and confirmed the principle.<br />
<br />
可是,连风钻的使用单位也不想关心这种新型风钻的产生,因为制造和他们无关。<br />
<br />
However, even the users of pneumatic drills did not want to care about the production of this new type of pneumatic drills, because manufacturing had nothing to do with them.<br />
<br />
正儿八经搞制造的工厂,一想生产新机器要投资新设备,投资本身就带有冒险性质。冒险的事不干。<br />
<br />
Factories that were seriously engaged in manufacturing thought that they had to invest in new equipment if they wanted to produce new machines, and investment itself was risky. Employees in these factories didn’t want to take risks.<br />
<br />
洛阳有个厂或许有可能生产。党治国用上他四年没用的探亲假赶去了,住在洛阳一个旅馆里,每天的伙食是四个烧饼。这每天四个烧饼,引起了同屋一个人的注意。他是江苏泰兴一个乡办厂的负责人。乡镇企业有自主权,有变革自己落后面貌的愿望,有靠开发新产品闯出路子的需要。他先是为党治国的四个烧饼所感动,后是为党治国的凿岩机所打动,决定把这个项目带回江苏去搞。<br />
<br />
There was a factory in Luoyang that may produce it. Dang took his parental leave that he didn’t use for four years to go there, and stayed in a hotel in Luoyang. The daily food was four baked wheat cakes. These four baked wheat cakes every day attracted the attention of one of Dang’s roommates. He was the person in charge of setting up a factory in Taixing, Jiangsu Province. Township enterprises had ownership, had the desire to change their backward appearance, and the need to find a way out by developing new products. He was first moved by Dang’s four baked wheat cakes, and then moved by the rock drills of Dang, so he decided to bring this project back to Jiangsu.<br />
<br />
小厂很有积极性,当下投进两三万元的资金。但是,这么一个突破传统结构的凿岩机,让一个乡办小厂搞,从资金到人力,都难以继续下去。具有研制能力的大单位,又不想列入计划。那么,党治国自己集资?<br />
<br />
The small factory was very motivated, and 20,000 yuan to 30,000 yuan were invested. However, it was difficult for a small township-run factory to continue from capital to manpower, with such a rock drill that broke through the traditional structure. Large units with research and development capabilities did not want to be included in the plan. So, Dang raised funds by himself?<br />
<br />
清华大学的教授们,黄万里已经寄来了100元,钱伟长就要寄钱来了……<br />
<br />
Professors from Tsinghua University like Huang Wanli had already sent 100 yuan, and Qian Weichang was going to send money...<br />
<br />
中国几十年来割资本主义尾巴,近几年小心翼翼地提出一部分人先富起来。党治国哪里去找这些先富起来的人?党治国怎么能筹集这上万上万的资金?<br />
<br />
China had been cutting off the tail of capitalism for decades, and in recent years it has carefully proposed that some people get rich first. Where can Dang find these people who get rich first? How can he raise tens of thousands of funds?<br />
<br />
他原先以为出了监狱就是解放了。1980年他是被提前释放的。如果按原判20年的话,他本应服刑到1990年。既然对他是错判,那么能不能还他时间呢?<br />
<br />
He thought he was liberated when he left prison. He was released early in 1980. According to original trial, he would have served his sentence until 1990. Since he was wrongly judged, can his time be given back?<br />
<br />
当然这是幻想。清队时有个人分不清“幻”字和“幼”字,以为只是意思相通读音不同。每每在对党治国们训话时,用上他以为很有学问的话:“一切幻想都是幼想! 一切幼想都是幻想!”一个“党治国专案组”五个人一年就得花一万多元钱,应该有人做个社会调查——全国有过多少专案组、调查组,用了多少人力,用了多少金钱,解决了多少问题,制造了多少冤案。侵犯的人权,要不要追究法律责任?浪费的金钱,要不要承担经济损失?<br />
<br />
Of course, this was a fantasy. During the period of cleansing the class ranks, there was a man who couldn't tell the difference between the word "幻" (fantasy) and the word "幼" (young), thinking that they had the same meaning but different pronunciation. Every time he lectured Dang and others, he said what he thought was very learned: "All fantasies are young! All young thoughts are fantasies!" Five people in a "task force for Dang Zhiguo" had to spend more than 10,000 yuan a year. Someone should make a social survey on how many task forces and investigation teams have been in the country, how many manpower and money have been used, how many problems have been solved and how many unjust cases have been created. Do you want to pursue legal responsibility for violated human rights? Do you want to bear economic losses for wasted money?<br />
<br />
不该查不该调的内查外调所花的巨额投资如果用来开发新产品,那么开发的岂止是产品,还有是积极性,是人!<br />
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If the huge investment spent on unnecessary investigation was used to develop new products, then not only products, but also enthusiasm and people will be more!<br />
<br />
为了个人的利害关系用公家的钱去整人,是不会心疼钱的;为了企业的发展多揽一件事,又何必找这个麻烦?企业搞不搞新产品,于个人有什么利益?<br />
<br />
For the sake of personal interests, it is not distressing to use government money to trick people. In order to take one more thing for the development of the enterprise, why bother? Whether an enterprise engages in new products or not, what benefits does it have for individuals?<br />
<br />
我站在秦陵二号铜车马跟前,不胜感慨! 2000多年前就有这样的工艺水平! 一共3000多个部件,根据铸件性能的不同,采用不同的合金比例,青铜的冶铸技术和现在基本相仿,机械连接采用的是现在仍在广泛使用的键连接、饺链连接等等。马身上装配的金当卢、金银泡等饰件和用具就有2500多件。铜车马在地下埋了2000多年了,至今链条非常灵活,车的门窗开关自如！<br />
<br />
I stood in front of the bronze chariots and horses of Qin Mausoleum No.2, and I was overwhelmed with emotion! There was such a technological level more than 2000 years ago! There were more than 3,000 parts in total. According to the different casting properties, different alloy ratios were adopted. The smelting and casting technology of bronze was basically similar to that of now. The mechanical connection adopted key joint, pilot pin joint and so on, which are still widely used now. There were more than 2,500 pieces of ornaments and utensils such as gold masks and gold and silver bubbles assembled on horses. Bronze chariots and horses have been buried underground for more than 2000 years. Up to now, the chain is very flexible, and the doors and windows of the car can be opened and closed freely!<br />
<br />
我们的先人在公元前就有这样的科学技术水平,那么2000年后的今天,进展如何呢?<br />
<br />
Our ancestors had such a level of science and technology in BC, so what is the progress today after 2000 years?<br />
<br />
进展也好,不进展也好,反正照样拿工资。<br />
<br />
Whether there is progress or not, people still get the money anyway.<br />
<br />
我打开清华大学第002150号毕业证书。证书上是一张像出土文物似的老人相片。不知是因为五十来岁的党治国照得比他实际年龄更老,还是因为他现在的相片放在大学毕业证书上实在不相称而愈加显老。50年代的清华大学水利系学生在80年代拿到了补发的毕业文凭。不过他已经不想把他的主要精力放在科技上了。<br />
<br />
I opened the diploma No.002150 of Tsinghua University. On the certificate was a photo of an old man like an unearthed cultural relic. I didn't know whether it was because Dang in his fifties was taken older in the picture than his actual age, or because his current photo was out of proportion with his college diploma. Students in the water conservancy department of Tsinghua University in the 1950s got a reissued diploma in the 1980s. But he didn't want to focus on technology anymore.<br />
<br />
文凭可以补发,思维不能重复。他积几十年之教训,感到首先要面对的是——生产关系。<br />
<br />
Diploma can be reissued, but thinking cannot be repeated. After decades of lessons, he felt that the first thing he had to face was production relations.<br />
<br />
没有主人的企业<br />
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Enterprises Without Owners<br />
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那些国营企业为什么不想创新产品、不想要人才?农村改革势如破竹,为什么到城市以后改革就步履维艰?乡镇企业拳打脚踢,生气勃勃,国营企业为什么缺乏活力?原因是什么?症结在哪里?<br />
<br />
Why didn't those state-owned enterprises want innovative products and talents? Rural reform was in full swing. Why was it difficult to reform in cities? Why did state-owned enterprises lack vitality when township enterprises were full of vigor? What was the reason? Where is the crux?<br />
<br />
党治国的回答是:“企业中没有真正的主人。”<br />
<br />
The answer of Dang was: "There is no real owner in the enterprise."<br />
<br />
工人不是企业的主人吗?解放初,我们就宣传工人当家做了主。三十多年过去了,难道还没成为企业的主人?“三十多年来一直对国营企业的职工进行主人翁思想教育这件事本身,恰恰证明国营企业职工不是企业的主人。”党治国写道,“一对年轻夫妇买了一台彩电,等不到走出商店的大门,对于这台彩电的主人翁思想,便像铁钉一样钉入了他们的脑海,根本用不着对他们进行主人翁思想的教育。”<br />
<br />
Aren't workers the owners of enterprises? At the beginning of liberation, we publicized that workers were the masters of the country. After more than 30 years, haven't they become the owner of the enterprise? "For more than 30 years, we have been educating the employees of state-owned enterprises about their ownership, which just proves that the employees of state-owned enterprises are not the owners of enterprises." Dang Zhiguo wrote, "After a young couple bought a color TV set, the ownership about this TV will be nailed into their minds before they get out of the door of the store. And there is no need to educate them how to be the owner of it."<br />
<br />
我们不是承认思想是第二性的吗?那么,主人翁思想也应该是被物质存在决定的オ对。党治国的思考方向带有科学性。<br />
<br />
Don't we admit that conscious experience is based in physical processes? Then, ownership should also be determined by material existence. The thinking direction of Dang is scientific.<br />
<br />
我们常常可以看到这种场面:一个工厂突然停电了,或者是机器坏了,工人们喜形于色,奔走相告。因为既可以早回家,又算是出勤了,工资照发。企业的亏损或盈利和职工的利益没有多大关系。群众不能多得,但是可以少劳。职工对企业的冷漠态度,不过是企业所有制关系在职工意识中的反映。<br />
<br />
We can often see such scenes: a factory suddenly went out of power, or the machine broke down, and the workers were jubilant and rushed to tell each other. Because they can go home early and they also punch in, so they can still gain salary. The loss or profit of an enterprise has little to do with the interests of employees. The masses can't get more, but they can work less. The indifferent attitude of employees towards enterprises is only a reflection of the sense of ownership of enterprises.<br />
<br />
企业的领导是不是主人?当然我们有很多优秀的领导,但是为什么报纸上经常有这样的披露:<br />
<br />
Is the leader of an enterprise the master? Of course, we have many excellent leaders, but why do newspapers often disclose this:<br />
<br />
“新华社长春7月21日电:吉林铁合金厂9名厂级干部在不到两年的时间里, 平均每人晋升5.28级,其中最高的长了7.5级;1984年,每人平均得奖金1770多元,是职エ奖金的4.4倍。”（1985年7月22日《西安晚报》）<br />
<br />
"Changchun/July 21/Xinhua News Agency: In less than two years, nine factory-level cadres of Jilin Ferroalloy Factory were promoted by an average of 5.28 levels, of which the highest was 7.5 levels; In 1984, each person received an average bonus of more than 1,770 yuan, which was 4.4 times the employee bonus." (Xi'an Evening News, July 22, 1985)<br />
<br />
“鞍钢钢铁研究所联合实验厂三名领导干部‘以官论奖’,乱分奖金现象严重。 他们在不到九个月的时间里,每人平均分得奖金8600余元,相当于工人奖金的19倍,在职工中造成恶劣影响。”（1985年8月6日《工人日报》）<br />
<br />
"Three leading cadres in the joint experimental factory of Angang Iron and Steel Research Institute 'give awards according to seniority', and the phenomenon of randomly dividing bonuses is serious. In less than nine months, each of them received an average bonus of more than 8,600 yuan, which is equivalent to 19 times of the employee bonus, causing bad influence on employees." (Workers' Daily, August 6, 1985)<br />
<br />
“这类国营企业的领导人,他们作风上的损害国家及职工利益以自肥,和工作上的极端不负责任,说明他们也不是企业的主人。”<br />
<br />
"The leaders of such state-owned enterprises, whose style of work is harmful to the interests of the state and employees, and they are extremely irresponsible for their work, which shows that they are not the owners of the enterprises."<br />
<br />
“主人不盗窃自己的财产。”党治国一语道破了问题的实质。<br />
<br />
"The owner does not steal his own property." Dang's words reveal the essence of the problem.<br />
<br />
他进一步论证说:“主人就是人格化的所有权。作为企业的主人,他个人的利益和命运应该同企业的兴衰和前途是息息相关的。他在企业中的利益,绝不是一个可以忽略的量。例如对于一个拥有1000万元资金和1000名职工的企业来说, 每个职工推动的生产资金为1万元。而如果每个职工仅仅以社会全体成员之一, 也就是说作为我国10亿人口之一的身份享有对企业的所有权,那么企业的资产对于每个职工来说就只有0.01元。企业的倒闭只使职工个人损失1分钱,又怎么能期望每个职工把企业的存亡当作自己性命攸关的事情呢?”<br />
<br />
He further argued: "Owner is personalized ownership. As the owner of an enterprise, his personal interests and destiny should be closely related to the rise and fall and future of the enterprise. His interests in the enterprise are by no means negligible. For example, for an enterprise with 10 million yuan capital and 1,000 employees, the production capital promoted by each employee is 10,000 yuan. And if each employee only enjoys the ownership of the enterprise as one of all members of society, that is to say, as one of China's 1 billion people, then the assets of the enterprise are only 0.01 yuan for each employee. The collapse of the enterprise only makes the individual lose 1 cent. So how can we expect each employee to regard the survival of the enterprise as a matter of vital importance?"<br />
<br />
当一个人对于企业财产拥有的数量,足以影响他的生存并决定他的贫富的时候,他方才称得上企业的真正主人,而不仅仅是观念上的主人。主人的权利表现在参与企业的决策和管理的权利;在企业按劳动参加分配的权利;按对企业财产占有量参加利润分配的权利。<br />
<br />
When the amount of property owned by an individual is enough to affect his survival and determine his wealth, he can be called the real owner of the enterprise, not just the conceptual owner. The owner's right is manifested in the right to participate in the decision-making and management of the enterprise, in the right to participate in distribution according to labor in enterprises, and in the right to participate in profit distribution according to the possession of enterprise property.<br />
<br />
农村实行联产承包责任制获得成功,有人便以为承包万能,在城市里也大搞承包。但“包字进城”并没有取得预想的结果。党治国找出了其中的原因。农民承包成功,关键是权利和义务的对等。超产固然使农民首先得利,歉产也使农民首先亏损。经营责任者没有责任能力（赔偿能力）,是国有企业严重存在而又难以解决的实际问题。有的厂长说,我给国家亏损了几十万。可有什么办法?把我这一百多斤交给孙二娘卖人肉包子,也卖不了几个钱嘛。<br />
<br />
When the implementation of the household responsibility system in rural areas was successful, some people thought that the system was omnipotent, so they also introduced it in cities. However, it did not achieve the expected results. Dang found the reason. The key to the success of farmers' household responsibility system is the equivalence of rights and obligations. Although overproduction makes farmers benefit first, failure to produce also makes farmers lose first. It is a serious and difficult problem for state-owned enterprises to solve that those who are responsible for management have no responsibility ability (or compensation ability). Some factory directors said that they lost hundreds of thousands of yuan to the country. But what can they do? Let Sun Erniang make filling in buns with my flesh weighing over 100 jin to sell them, and she can't earn too much.<br />
<br />
没有责任能力的时候,就可能不负责任。好比叫一个3岁的小孩上街买彩电, 他在路上把钱丢了,你也无可奈何,因为小孩没有这个责任能力。<br />
<br />
When you have no ability to be responsible, you may be irresponsible. For example, if a 3-year-old child is asked to buy a color TV set, and he loses his money on the way, you have no alternative, because the child doesn't have the ability to be responsible.<br />
<br />
党治国把问题做了进一步的引申,说明国营企业缺乏持久的活力,是一个包括社会主义和资本主义国家在内的世界性问题。我们在理论上承认职工是企业的主人,却不知道主人的财产权究竟在哪里?主人,这是一个确切的经济事实,而不是一个思想概念。它确定职工在企业中的地位,使职工看到关系着自己的命运的可变的经济利益,唤起职工的负责精神!<br />
<br />
Dang extended the problem, which shows that the lack of lasting vitality of state-owned enterprises is a worldwide problem including socialist and capitalist countries. Theoretically, we admit that employees are the owner of the enterprise, but we don't know where the owner's property rights are. Owner is an exact economic fact, not an ideological concept. It determines the position of employees in the enterprise, makes employees see the variable economic interests related to their own destiny, and evokes the sense of responsibility of employees!<br />
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“走后门”和经济规律<br />
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Pulling Strings and Economic Laws<br />
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主人不在,后门洞开。<br />
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In the absence of the owner, the back door opened.<br />
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有些紧俏商品,例如名牌自行车,凭票证供应。票证本来是无价的,但是人们通过送礼、行贿从后门搞来的票证,就是有价的了。交换越发展,票证就越能得到它的充分价值。最后,一张票证甚至可卖到100来元。<br />
<br />
Some goods in short supply, such as brand-name bicycles, are supplied by coupons (a system imposed to control the production of food and to boost industrialization). Coupons are priceless, but coupons that people get by pulling strings and bribes are valuable. The more the exchange develops, the more the coupon can get its full value. Finally, a coupon can even be sold for about 100 yuan.<br />
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名牌自行车的供销矛盾,本来可以通过调整价格来解决。如果原来值150元一辆,可以提高到200元、250元,提高到一定程度,供销就会趋向平衡。每辆自行车多卖的钱,就用来扩大名牌自行车的生产。<br />
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The contradiction between supply and marketing of famous brand bicycles could have been solved by adjusting the price. If the original price of 150 yuan can be raised to 200 yuan or 250 yuan, and the supply and marketing will tend to be balanced when the price is raised to a certain level. The extra money sold for each bicycle can be used to expand the production of famous brand bicycles.<br />
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但是我们却用票证来限制购买。结果是100元钱从前门送不进,只好从后门送给了私人。自行车的充分价格,通过曲折的道路实现了。<br />
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But we use coupons to restrict purchases. As a result, 100 yuan's money could not be sent in through the front door, so it had to be given to individuals through the back door privately. The full price of bicycles is raised through winding roads.<br />
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所以,经济规律不仅不以人们的意志为转移,反过来还要转移人们的意志。党治国发表了他的论文:《经济规律在行动中——论走后门是济经规律遇阻时发生作用的一种形式》。<br />
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Therefore, economic laws not only do not transfer people's will, but also transfer people's will in turn. Dang published his paper: "Economic laws are in action—pulling strings is a form of economic laws that work when they are limited".<br />
<br />
“走后门等不正之风不过是国家花巨款买来的社会祸害。它是经济规律遇阻时发生作用的一种形式,也是经济规律对于诸如‘物价稳定’‘等价交换’、否定地租规律等固定观念的惩罚。”“人们所能改变的,只是经济规律发生作用的形式,而不能改变经济规律本身。”<br />
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"Dishonest practices such as pulling strings are just social scourges bought by the state with huge sums of money. It is a form of economic laws that work when they are limited, and also the punishment of economic laws for fixed concepts such as 'price stability', 'equivalent exchange' and denial of land rent law." "What people can change is only the form in which economic laws work, but not the economic laws themselves."<br />
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我走到西安的城墙下,城墙周长11.9公里,高12米,顶宽12至14米。真是 庞大的防御体系。给人安全感和封闭感。这是明朝朱元璋修建的:“高筑墙,广积粮,缓称王。”后来我们继承传统,提出了“深挖洞,广积粮,不称霸”。结果是即使称霸也未必具有威慑力量,至今吃饭还要粮票,西安市中心的地下防空洞改装成了低档的游乐场。洞内墙壁剥落,洞里传出粗重的迪斯科乐声。售票员姑娘在众目睽睽之下用廉价的化妆品细细地对着小镜子抹脸。好像她的工作不是售票,而是做化妆讲座。<br />
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I walked under the city wall of Xi'an. The perimeter of the city wall was 11.9 kilometers, and it was 12 meters high and 12 to 14 meters wide. What a huge defense system, giving people a sense of security and isolation. This was built by Zhu Yuanzhang in the Ming Dynasty: "Build a high wall, accumulate more grain, and slowly become an emperor." Later, we inherited the tradition and put forward the idea of "digging deep holes, accumulating grain extensively, and not seeking hegemony". As a result, even hegemony may not have deterrent power. Up to now, food coupons were needed if you wanted to eat something, and the underground air-raid shelter in the center of Xi'an had been converted into a low-grade amusement park. The walls in the cave peeled off, and thick and heavy disco music came from the cave. The conductor girl applied cheap cosmetics carefully in front of the small mirror in full view of the public. It seemed that her job was not to sell tickets, but to give makeup lectures.<br />
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有什么样的经济基础,就会产生什么样的生活水准和精神素质。经济规律活动在我们的各个领域中。<br />
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Different economic foundations will produce different living standards and spiritual quality. Economic laws are in our various fields.<br />
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尤其突出地活动在住房问题中。我走进城郊党治国的家。屋顶是一根根劈开的树杆,有一根树干上写着一行字:“公元一九八五年金秋九月三日正午新屋上梁大吉。”自然是农民房了。这一间二十多平方米的房,如果在别处就得收月租35元到45元。但这里近处是铁道,噪音不断。窗后是煤厂的大煤堆。一年四季不敢开窗,免得刮一屋子煤灰,所以月租是25元。<br />
<br />
They are especially active in the housing problem. I walked into Dang’s home in a suburb. The roof was made of tree trunks, and a line was written on one trunk: "At noon on September 3rd in the golden autumn of 1985 AD, the new house is in good condition." Naturally, it was a rural house. If this room of more than 20 square meters were located elsewhere, it would have to be rented monthly from 35 yuan to 45 yuan. But there was a railway near here, so there was constant noise. Behind the window was a large coal pile in the coal plant. People dared not open windows all year round, so as to avoid coal ashes from falling in the whole room. So the monthly rent was 25 yuan.<br />
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“这就是地租规律。”党治国对我说,“这是由供需关系决定的。不过住房商品化至今难以推行,总是有人反对吧。人的本能就是利益的本能。现在有些地方,盖房用了一年时间,分房倒用了两年时间。分房比盖房还难。因为违反了地租规律、经济规律。<br />
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"This is the law of land rent." He said to me, "This is determined by the relationship between supply and demand. However, it is difficult to implement the commercialization of housing so far, and some people always oppose it. Human instinct is the instinct of interests. Nowadays, in some places, it takes one year to build houses, but it takes two years to distribute houses. It is more difficult to distribute houses than to build them. Because it violates the laws of land rent and the economy."<br />
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“用行政手段分房,来代替经济规律平衡人口的分布,结果是人们将为之付出活动费和贿赂。这只不过是社会自愿放弃的房租的转化形式。贿赂的多少不是由特权者的贪欲或是行贿者的经济状况决定的,而是由地租规律及其受阻程度决定的。”<br />
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"Using administrative means to distribute houses instead of economic laws to balance the distribution of population. As a result, people will pay activity fees and bribes for it. This is just a transformation form of rent voluntarily abandoned by society. Bribes are not determined by the greed of privileged people or the economic situation of bribers, but by the law of land rent and its degree of obstruction."<br />
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我想起我走进党治国家之前,附近不少农民在盖房,自然又是商品房。我乘坐的那辆汽车差点和一辆运砖的马车相撞——太挤了。人。砖。水泥。木料。而这个盖房大竞赛的总指挥是:经济规律。<br />
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I remembered that before I walked into Dang’s house, many farmers nearby were building houses, which were naturally commercial houses. The car I was in almost collided with a carriage carrying bricks—it was too crowded. People. Bricks. Cement. Wood. And the commander-in-chief of this big competition for building houses is: economic laws.<br />
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思想的局限<br />
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Limitations of Thought<br />
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“两栖人”党治国在继续研制气动凿岩机的同时,又在经济理论的岩层上向更深的层次开凿:他的经济论文《论剪刀差》《经济规律在行动中一论走后门是经济规律受阻时发生作用的一种形式》《一个重要的经济规律——论基本分配规律》等一篇篇地发表了。不过都发在科技刊物上。这未必是经济规律受阻,而是学术空气受阻时发生作用的一种形式。<br />
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While continuing to study rotary pneumatic rock drills, the "Amphibious Man" had dug deeper into the rock stratum of economic theory: his economic papers "On Scissors Difference", " Economic laws are in action—pulling strings is a form of economic laws that work when they are limited", "An Important Economic Law: On Basic Distribution Laws" and so on. They had been published one by one. But they were all published in scientific journals. This is not necessarily a form of action when the economic laws are limited, but a form of action when the academic atmosphere is blocked.<br />
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党治国抓住了事物的根本——经济规律的指挥棒,他便能听清思想工作中的不和谐音了:<br />
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When Dang grasped the baton of economic laws, which is the root of things, he can hear the dissonance in ideological work:<br />
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公有制下的企业,只有在一定条件下,即革命胜利后革命政党和那些受到 革命鼓舞的群众还保持着革命热情和充满着革命理想那样一个黄金时代,才能正常运转和迅速发展。随着革命热情被利害的打算冷却,革命理想为日常的现实所冲淡,这些企业的弊病就出来了。<br />
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Enterprises under public ownership can operate normally and develop rapidly only under certain conditions, that is, after the victory of the revolution, the revolutionary political parties and the masses encouraged by the revolution still maintain revolutionary enthusiasm and are full of revolutionary ideals, which is a golden age. As revolutionary enthusiasm is cooled by plans focusing on interests and revolutionary ideals are less strong because of daily reality, problems of these enterprises come out.<br />
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我们曾经把共产主义简化为小生产者的平均主义,并且宣布是马上就可 以进入的“天堂”。当这种共产主义的幼稚幻想被残酷的事实粉碎后,又代之以“阶级斗争要搞一万年”的极度悲观的论调,并由此诱发出人整人,狂热。人们对一万年以后的共产主义无从稽考,所以光用共产主义的豪言壮语难以普遍地激发人们的热情了。<br />
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We once simplified communism and regarded it as egalitarianism of small producers and declared it a "paradise" that can be entered immediately. When this naive fantasy of communism was shattered by cruel facts, it was replaced by the extremely pessimistic argument that "class conflict should last for ten thousand years", which induced the phenomenon that people trick people and fanaticism. There is no way for people to examine communism after 10,000 years, so it is difficult to arouse people's enthusiasm universally with the grandiloquence of communism alone.<br />
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对于未来,我们更多谈及的,往往是多少产量、多少收入等等物质生活的 提高。很少论及我们的社会主义将有什么发展,我们的所有制、生产方式、分配关系、政治制度、家庭结构、人际关系、思想观念,到时候是什么样子。<br />
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For the future, we often talk more about the improvement of material life, such as output, income and so on. Very little is said about the development of our socialism, and what our ownership, mode of production, distribution relations, political system, family structure, interpersonal relationships and ideas will look like in the days to come.<br />
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当我们常常用未来物质生活如何丰富的数字来充塞人们的头脑时,又怎 能希望只用思想和劝善来填补精神的匮乏呢!<br />
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When we often fill people's minds with figures of how rich material life will be in the future, how can we hope to fill the lack of spirit only by using thoughts and encouraging people to do good?<br />
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现在常常听到责备人们“向钱看”。权利和义务是不可分的。权利超过 义务,就会不负责任,以权谋私;义务超过权利,人们就会推卸责任而变得冷漠,并变着法弥补自己被忽略的利益。这两类表现,可以归之于“觉悟不高”或“思想落后”吧。不过这种道义上的谴责和政治上的批评并不能解决根本问题。撤销职务和法律惩处虽然儆戒未来,却无助于弥补已经造成的经济损失。何况被撤掉的职务本来就不属于被撤职者自己。<br />
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Nowadays, people are often blamed for "looking at money". Rights and obligations are inseparable. If rights exceed obligations, people will be irresponsible and abuse power for personal gain; When obligations exceed rights, people will shirk their responsibilities, become indifferent, and rack their brains to make up for their neglected interests. These two kinds of manifestations can be attributed to "low consciousness" or "regressive ideas". However, this moral condemnation and political criticism cannot solve the fundamental problem. Although dismissal and legal punishment are an example to the future, they will not help to make up for the economic losses already caused. What's more, the removed position does not belong to the removed person himself.<br />
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主人公的责任感,说到底,首先不是一种思想问题,而是一个所有权的问 题。只有当每个社会成员清楚地感受到社会主义所有制对自己究竟意味着什么,才会真正关心社会主义经济的现状和未来,才会真正以主人的身份行使自己的支配权、劳动权和分配权。<br />
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In the final analysis, the owner's sense of responsibility is not a matter of thought, but a matter of ownership. Only when every member of society clearly feels what socialist ownership means to himself, will he really care about the present situation and future of socialist economy, and will he truly exercise his right to dominate, work and distribute as an owner.<br />
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在这种情况下,反复对人们进行主人翁思想教育,将只会使他们感到诧 异。如同你在路上突然被人拉住,向你宣传你要对自己的身体倍加爱护一样。既然人们事实上是社会的主人,并且每个人无一例外地从主人的地位中得到了实际的利益,他们自然而且必然会关心生产资料的正确支配和合理使用,把社会主义事业的发展看作与自己性命攸关的事情。<br />
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In this case, it will only surprise people to repeatedly educate them about being owners. It's like being suddenly pulled by someone on the road, who tell you that you should take more care of your body. Since people are in fact the owners of society, and everyone without exception gets actual benefits from their status as owners, they will naturally and inevitably care about the correct control and rational use of the means of production, and regard the development of the socialist cause as a matter of vital importance to their own lives.<br />
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不能把共产主义这一具有鲜明时代特征的科学等同于自古以来就有的舍 己为人、公而忘私乃至降格到积德行善的水平。原始公社时期那种“不独亲其亲,不独子其子”的人际关系,并不是思想觉悟的表现,而是由生产资料公有制的关系决定的。共产主义不是一种孤立的品质,而是一种标志着一个社会发展阶段的生产关系、社会关系的科学。这就如同卖菜时很会算账的同志未必懂得高等数学ー样。<br />
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Communism, a science with distinctive characteristics of the times, cannot be equated with self-sacrifice, devoted to public interests as to forget one’s own interests, or even degraded to the level of accumulating virtues and doing good deeds since ancient times. In the primitive commune period, the interpersonal relationship—People don't just think of their relatives as their relatives, and they don't just think of their children as their children—was not a manifestation of ideological consciousness, but determined by the relationship of public ownership of the means of production. Communism is not an isolated quality, but a science that marks the relations of production and social relations in a stage of social development. This is just like comrades who are good at settling accounts when selling vegetables may not know advanced mathematics.<br />
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理想和热情必须从科学社会主义的经济基础上产生出来,不可能附着在 过时的体制上。列宁说:“依靠信念、忠诚和其他优秀的精神品质,这在政治上是完全不严肃的。”这里还要加上一句:这在经济上也是完全不严肃的。<br />
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Ideals and passions must emerge from the economic foundation of scientific socialism, and cannot be attached to outdated systems. Lenin said: "Relying on faith, loyalty and other excellent spiritual qualities is completely not serious in politics." Besides, it is also not economically serious at all.<br />
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这里丝毫不包含轻视思想的作用,而是说观念是和利益连接在ー起的。马克思说,精神从一开始就很倒霉,注定要受物质的纠缠。离开了具体的物质利益,单纯靠思想工作来解决所有问题是不现实的。<br />
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There is no contempt for the role of ideas here, but the meaning is that ideas are connected with interests. Marx said that the spirit is unlucky from the beginning, and is destined to be entangled by material. Without concrete material interests, it is unrealistic to solve all problems simply by ideological work.<br />
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党治国企图说明和坚持的,是意识由存在来决定的唯物主义基本原理。<br />
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What Dang attempts to explain and adhere to is the basic principle of materialism that consciousness is determined by existence.<br />
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经济一团糟的经济理论家<br />
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An Economic Theorist Without Money<br />
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党治国对社会主义所有制关系的研究,主张要严格区别公有和共有这两个概念。马克思、恩格斯在《共产党宣言》中强调:“在发展进程中,当阶级差别已经消失而全部生产集中在联合起来的个人的手里的时候,公众的权利就失去政治的性质。”党治国由此认为,科学社会主义所有制,是“联合起来的个人”的所有制,即共有制。社会主义共有制是社会主义公有制的必要准备。社会主义公有制是社会主义共有制的必然趋势。公有不能量化,共有可以量化到个人。<br />
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In the study of socialist ownership relations, Dang advocated to strictly distinguish the two concepts of public ownership and common ownership. Marx and Engels emphasized in The Communist Manifesto: "In the process of development, when class differences have disappeared and all production is concentrated in the hands of united individuals, public rights will lose their political nature." Therefore, Dang held that the scientific socialist ownership was the ownership of "united individuals", that is, the public ownership system. Socialist communal system is the necessary preparation for socialist public ownership. Socialist public ownership is the inevitable trend of socialist public ownership system. Public ownership cannot be quantified, but common ownership can be quantified to individuals.<br />
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公有也罢,共有也罢,党治国自己是一无所有。<br />
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Whether it is public or common, Dang found that he had nothing.<br />
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他1980年出狱后,到现在已经搬了六次家,这才搬到这间靠着煤山、傍着火车轨道的符合地租规律的农民房里。杜甫当年疾呼:安得广厦千万间,大庇天下寒士俱欢颜。当代寒士党治国和他的父母、儿子的衣物连同他们四个人,加起来用一辆东风三轮就可以拉着跑了。所以尽管东搬西挪地到处借房,倒也不算费事。<br />
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Since he was released from prison in 1980, he has moved six times to this rural house, which was close to a coal mountain, beside the train track and conformed to the law of land rent. Du Fu cried out in those days: Could I get mansions covering ten thousand miles, I'd house all scholars poor and make them beam with smiles. The clothes of the contemporary poor man Dang Zhiguo and his parents and son, together with the four, can be pulled with one Dongfeng motor tricycle. Therefore, although they borrowed houses everywhere, it was not troublesome.<br />
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1986年的中国,城市里居然还有这样穷困的角落。一眼望去,这间屋里不是板子,就是绳子。旧板子搁在长凳上,是党治国和他儿子的床。他父母睡一张借来的旧板床,床腿绑着绳子倒也能站得住。凳子的腿也绑着绳子。破写字桌上,又是用一根白绳子系着一个自己用烟纸卷就的灯罩。<br />
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In China in 1986, there was such a poor corner in the city. At first glance, this room had either planks or ropes. The old plank was on the bench, which was the bed for Dang and his son. His parents slept in a borrowed old bed made of planks, and the legs of the bed can stand with ropes tied. The legs of the stool were also tied with ropes. On the broken writing desk was a lampshade wrapped with cigarette paper and tied with a white rope.<br />
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还有大案板和小板箱。<br />
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There were also big chopping boards and small crates.<br />
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党治国这30年,从精神到肉体的挨板子,从精神到肉体的被捆绑,终算安定下来了,陪伴他的又多是板子和绳子!我只觉ー阵苦楚。<br />
<br />
In the past 30 years, he was beaten from the spirit to the body, and was tied up from the spirit to the body, and he finally settled down. What accompanied by him most were planks and ropes! I only felt a burst of pain.<br />
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恩格斯说过,马克思是最大的经济学家,可是他自己的经济ー团糟。<br />
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Engels said that Marx was the influential economist, but his own economy was bad.<br />
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一位朋友为说话而说话:“今天天气很好。”<br />
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A friend spoke for the sake of talking: "It's a fine day today."<br />
<br />
“1970年的时候,我弟弟唯一的愿望就是但求有个好天气。”党治国说,“当时已经决定判我死刑了。家里人有什么办法?只求能从刑场拉回我的尸体。弟弟借好了架子车,可是我老家韩城离铜川有三四百里地,要是赶上雨天,那一趟泥地够我弟弟拉的!我既然必死无疑,家里人就退ー步只希望有个好天气了。”<br />
<br />
"In 1970, my brother's only wish was to have a good weather." Dang said, "At that time, it was decided to sentence me to death. What can my family do? They just want to pull my body back from the execution ground. My younger brother borrowed a wheelbarrow, but my hometown Hancheng was three or four hundred li away from Tongchuan. If it was a rainy day, it would be difficult for my younger brother to pull the wheelbarrow because of the mud! Now that I will die definitely, my family concede and only hope for a good weather."<br />
<br />
党治国好像在叙述一件与己无关的事。淡淡的。也许他遇到的悲剧太多了? 也许他们韩城人有判刑后发奋的传统?他的书桌旁贴着一幅韩城人司马迁狱中写《史记》的画。党治国在狱中通读《资本论》三遍,自然还读凡能入狱的马、恩、列、 斯、毛的著作。监狱里来了新犯人,每每叫党治国来一个节目——背诵《矛盾论》和《实践论》,一字不差。<br />
<br />
He seemed to make light of a matter that has nothing to do with himself. Maybe he had encountered too many tragedies? Maybe they Hancheng people had a tradition of striving after being sentenced? Next to his desk was a painting of Sima Qian, a native of Hancheng, writing ''Records of the Grand Historian'' in prison. Dang read ''Das Kapital'' three times in prison, and naturally read the works of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin and Mao Zedong who can be imprisoned. When there were new prisoners, they asked Dang to perform every time—he recited ''On Contradiction'' and ''On Practice'' verbatim.<br />
<br />
读书之余便是写作。他这间板子加绳子的屋里,唯一可以进入80年代的,是他妹妹送他的一只红皮箱,箱里全是他写的经济学论文的手稿。在剪刀差、所有制等等的中间,扎眼地珍藏着一部精装本的《简・爱》。这是他第四次买《简・爱》了。抄走一本,再买一本。以他现在还欠债一千来元的经济条件,去买一本不知读过多少遍的小说锁于箱里,足见他对简・爱这个女主角的偏爱了。我不由得望望箱边堆着的脏衣服,那么,箱里的简・爱便是这屋的单身男子的妻了。<br />
<br />
Besides reading, Dang wrote something in his spare time. In his room with planks and ropes, the only thing that can enter the 1980s was a red suitcase given to him by his sister, which was full of manuscripts of his economics papers. In the middle of scissors difference, ownership and so on, a hardcover version of Jane Eyre was conspicuously treasured. This was the fourth time he has bought Jane Eyre. If one was confiscated, he would buy another one. With the economic condition that he was still in debt of about 1,000 yuan, he bought a novel that he had read many times and locked it in a box, which showed his preference for Jane Eyre, the heroine. I couldn't help looking at the dirty clothes piled up by the box, so Jane Eyre in the box was the wife of a single man in this room.<br />
<br />
没有一个个人问题是超越社会平均水平之上的。<br />
<br />
No individual problem is above the average level of society.<br />
<br />
他的个人命运和祖国的命运是完全一致的。<br />
<br />
His personal fate is completely consistent with that of his motherland.<br />
<br />
1957年以前国家是发展的,他个人是顺利的。1957年国家受损失,他个人受挫折。1962年国家开始恢复元气,他摘掉了“右派”帽子。1965年国家兴旺了,他参加了先进技术传播队,能力得到发挥了。十年浩劫,他十年监狱。现在他落实政策不那么顺利,因为国家头绪纷繁、问题严重。<br />
<br />
Before 1957, the country was developing, and everything went smoothly for him. In 1957, the country suffered losses and he suffered personal setbacks. In 1962, when the country began to recover, he took off the hat of "rightist". In 1965, when the country flourished, he joined the advanced technology communication team and brought his ability into full play. During ten years of Cultural Revolution, he spent ten years in prison. At present, his implementation of policies was not so smooth, because the country had too many things to attend to and had serious problems.<br />
<br />
“国家、社会解放的程度,就是我自己解放的程度。只有解放全人类才能解放自己,这对我不是一种思想,而是一种不可逃避的命运。”<br />
<br />
"The degree of national and social liberation is the degree of my own liberation. Only when all mankind are liberated, can I liberate myself. This is not an idea for me, but an inescapable fate."<br />
<br />
这就如同他说的,我们搞社会主义不是因为社会主义优越,而是因为这是一种规律。优越是指方案而言的——哪ー种方案优越。而规律无所谓优越不优越——必须遵循它,早晚得遵循它,不遵循也得遵循!<br />
<br />
As he said, we adopt socialism not because it is superior, but because it is a kind of law. Superiority refers to which scheme is superior. And for the law, it doesn't matter whether it is superior or not—it must be followed, sooner or later, and you have to follow it even if you don’t want to!<br />
<br />
党治国不能说已经获得了彻底的解放,如同我们的生产力也没有从不适合的所有制的束缚下完全解放出来。<br />
<br />
It cannot be said that Dang has been completely liberated, just as our productive forces have not been completely liberated under the shackles of unsuitable ownership.<br />
<br />
“我们固有的体制适合搞政治运动,不适合经济发展。”党治国简直成了一个理论狂人。一开口就是体制、所有制,再不就是说:“你对这个问题怎么看?”<br />
<br />
"Our inherent system is suitable for political movement and not for economic development." Dang Zhiguo has become a theory fanatic. When he spoke, he talked about system and ownership, or said: "What do you think of this problem?"<br />
<br />
党治国咄咄逼人地、愣头愣脑地要人回答这些他整日思考的而别人未必感兴趣的,他以为是最重要的而别人认为是八竿子打不着的,他醉心的而别人无心的, 他津津乐道的而别人无动于衷的问题。<br />
<br />
Aggressively and recklessly, Dang required people to answer some questions that he thought all day long but others may not be interested in, that he thought were the most important but others thought that they were none of their business, that he was obsessed with but others were careless, that he relished but others were indifferent.<br />
<br />
他慷慨陈词,满脸涨红。别人应付他:“唉唉,是呵是呵,啧啧!”再不就是把别人吓得怯怯的,一下子从大人变成了站起来回答老师问题的小学生,讷讷地:“我觉得么……”<br />
<br />
He presented his view vehemently and his face turned red. Others phoned it in: "Alas, yes, oh!" Or he would scare others, and others suddenly change from an adult to an inarticulate primary school student who stands up and answers the teacher's questions. "Well, I think..."<br />
<br />
他满脑门的政治和经济,满脑门的规律和所有制。但别人是凡人,需要了解一些趣闻,一些轶事,一些消息,一些共同感兴趣的现实问题,需要吃喝拉撒睡。<br />
<br />
His mind was full of politics and economy, law and ownership. But others are normal people, and they need to know some interesting stories, anecdotes, news and practical problems of common interest, and they need to eat, drink and sleep.<br />
<br />
而他似乎只需要吃着政治,睡在经济上。他要和他周围一切的人探讨政治经济。他会吸引一些人,也会吓走一些人。<br />
<br />
It seemed that he only needed to eat politics and sleep on economy. He wanted to discuss politics and economy with everyone around him. He would attract some people, but would also scare away some people.<br />
<br />
他的见地每每是独到的,但他过于急切地阐述他的观点,乃至近乎要强加于人。对于“经济”,他的发问更是近乎发难。<br />
<br />
His insights were often original, but he was so eager to expound his views that he almost imposed them on others. As for "economy", his question was almost blame.<br />
<br />
他和一般人不一样,他是有些不一般;他和正常人不一样,他可不是不正常。<br />
<br />
He was different from ordinary people, and he was somewhat unusual; He was different from normal people, but he is sane.<br />
<br />
他关心的正是大众的利益,但是大众未必接受他的关心。<br />
<br />
What he cared about was the interests of the public, but the public may not accept his concern.<br />
<br />
他希望大家都能透过现象关心本质,但是大家往往喜欢谈论现象,而无心顾及本质。谈论现象是一种情绪发泄的需要,顾及本质却需要苦苦地开动大脑。<br />
<br />
He hoped that everyone can care about the essence through the phenomenon, but people often like to talk about the phenomenon, and they don't care about the essence. Talking about phenomena is a need to vent emotions, but taking into account the essence requires thinking hard.<br />
<br />
他不是那种可以用计算机程序计算出来的人。他欠稳妥,欠含蓄,但他“虽有小偏,终有大成”。任何社会变革首先要找到实现变革的社会力量。要打土豪分田地找到了贫农,要打倒老革命找到了红卫兵。今天的改革如小平同志所说是第二次革命,我们需要透辟的经济理论家。<br />
<br />
He is not the kind of person who can be calculated by computer program. He is not that reliable and subtle, but he "will have a big success although he has small shortcomings". Any social change must first find the social forces to realize the change. To fight against landlords, divide fields, we found poor farmers. To defeat the old revolution, we found Red Guards. Today's reform, as Comrade Xiaoping said, is the second revolution, and we need economic theorists with insights.<br />
<br />
我找到了党治国。不过不是我找他,是他先写信给我,打动了我。我采访受苦受难的人的时候,容易掉泪。但不知为什么,采访这个经济状况一团糟的经济理论家的时候,我一滴泪都没有。是他不需要别人同情,还是和他在一起的人都会变得只剩下粗线条了?<br />
<br />
I found Dang Zhiguo. But I didn't look for him, but he wrote to me first and touched me. When I interview people in difficulty, I tend to cry. But somehow, when I interviewed this economic theorist who was in a bad economic situation, I didn't shed a tear. Is it because he doesn't need sympathy from others, or will people who are with him not pay attention to trifles?<br />
<br />
“我不是一个受苦受难的科技人员!不是要人同情的人!”他冲着我大喊,“我是个好汉!是个男子汉!是有思想的!尤其有经济思想!”<br />
<br />
"I am not a scientific and technical personnel in difficulty! I am not a person who needs sympathy!" He shouted at me, "I am a hero! I am a man! I am thoughtful! I especially have economic thinking!"<br />
<br />
思想使党治国永远处于躁动不安的状态中,有时他为了理想忘却了现实,有时现实又催促他去追求理想。前不久他又写完一篇专门探讨所有制的论文:《社会主义所有制关系的发展》。文章观点大胆、新颖、独到。他提出的观点未必就尽善尽美、无懈可击,但是,即使其中包含一些真理的萌芽或片面的真理,也可以活跃我们的思维。“双百”方针实施三十多年了,一个宽松的、发展人们思维成果的环境正在形成。党治国的经济理论的产生和他这个理论狂人的出现,不是偶然的。人为的呼唤和扼杀,不过加速或延缓产生的时间。<br />
<br />
Thought makes Dang in a restless state forever. Sometimes he forgets reality for his ideal, and sometimes reality urges him to pursue his ideal. Not long ago, he finished a paper focusing on ownership: "The Development of Socialist Ownership Relations". The viewpoint of the article is bold, novel and original. His views may not be perfect and impeccable, but even if it contains the beginning of truths or one-sided truths, it can still activate our thinking. The Hundred Flowers Campaign had been implemented for more than 30 years, so a relaxing environment for developing people's thinking achievements was taking shape. The emergence of Dang’s economic theories and him as a theoretical madman are not accidental. Calling and strangling by human beings only speed up or delay the emergence time.<br />
<br />
能不能搞一个共产主义特区?他想。在强大的习惯势力面前,不能都搞先破后立,需要先立后破。只有实践自己的经济理论,把理论立起来,形成强烈对比,才可以春风至而冰雪消。<br />
<br />
Can we set up a communist special zone? He thought. In the face of strong habits, we can't break all fixed modes first and create new ones, but we need to do the opposite. Only by practicing our own economic theory to form a strong contrast can the spring breeze come and the ice and snow disappear.<br />
<br />
他是不是还带有空想的色彩?那么,马克思同志,请允许我提一个问题,您看20世纪80年代中国的改革怎么搞?<br />
<br />
Does he still have the color of fantasy? Then, Comrade Marx, please allow me to ask a question. What do you think of China's reform in 1980s?<br />
<br />
马克思会说,提出这个问题的本身就是错误的。<br />
<br />
Marx would say that it is wrong to ask this question.<br />
<br />
中国的经济体制改革,要靠中国人自己来探索。改革催促着经济理论的发展, 呼唤着经济理论家。<br />
<br />
China's economic system reform depends on the Chinese themselves to explore. Reform urges the development of economic theories and calls for economic theorists.<br />
<br />
终于,《文汇报》上出现了一个醒目的标题:《我们能否贡献一个伟大的经济学家》?文中写道,这个问题对于当代中国“比‘我们能否贡献一个爱因斯坦’或‘能否贡献一个伟大的哲学家和文学家’更为紧迫”。文章又写道:“中国经济体制全面改革的浪潮当是产生伟大经济学家的时代和国度。恰当的时间和地点正呼唤恰当的人。”<br />
<br />
Finally, a striking headline appeared in Wenhui Daily: "Can we contribute a great economist"? The article said that this problem was "more urgent for contemporary China than 'Can we contribute an Einstein' or 'Can we contribute a great philosopher and writer'?" The article added: "The wave of comprehensive reform of China's economic system should be the era and country that produced great economists. The right time and place are calling for the right people."<br />
<br />
“伊索寓言”中有一个说大话的人,吹嘘自己曾经在罗陀斯岛跳得很远。马克思在《路易・波拿巴的五月十八日》一文中引用了这个故事,他说生活本身会大声喊道:(原作名为雾月十八日，而非五月)<br />
<br />
In ''Aesop's Fables'', there was a person blowing his own horn said that he once jumped far on Rhodus Island. Marx quoted this story in the article ''The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte''. He said that life itself would shout:<br />
<br />
这里就是罗陀斯,就在这里跳跃吧！<br />
<br />
Hic Rhodus, hic salta! <br />
<br />
这里就有玫瑰花,就在这里跳舞吧！<br />
<br />
Here is the rose, here dance! <br />
<br />
（原载《人民文学》1986年第7期）<br />
<br />
(Originally published in People's Literature, Issue 7, 1986)</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_02&diff=155948Report CN EN 022023-06-18T15:15:04Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：4.船长 Volume1: 4.Master */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Liao Lujia=<br />
==卷一：4.船长 Volume1: 4.Master==<br />
<br />
Master,直译是船长或主人。那么,对他,贝汉廷,怎样译更确切呢?<br />
<br />
Master is literally translated as 船长 or 主人. However, how can we translate it more accurately for him, Bei Hanting?<br />
<br />
Master is literally translated as 船长 or 主人. However, how can we translate it more accurately for him, Bei Hanting?<br />
<br />
我站在“汉川号”的驾驶台甲板上凭栏远眺,深深地思索着。海风迎面扑来, 新鲜而又湿润。远处,是神秘莫测的大海;近处,海鸥在我的脚下飞翔……<br />
<br />
I stand on the bridge deck of the Hanchuan and look out from the fence, thinking deeply. The sea breeze comes head-on, fresh and moist. In the distance, it is the mysterious sea; nearby, seagulls fly under my feet...<br />
<br />
I stand on the navigation deck of the Hanchuan and look out from the fence, thinking deeply. The sea breeze comes head-on, fresh and moist. In the distance, it is the mysterious sea; nearby, seagulls fly under my feet...<br />
<br />
刚才,在和海员们的谈话中,有什么搅动了我的心,为了掩饰我的泪水,我才离开船舱。但现在,在这蓝天与大海之间,我仍然不能平静,思绪的波涛追逐着海水,去得很远很远……（I change 冈才 with 刚才）<br />
<br />
Just now, in the conversation with the seafarers, something stirred my heart. I leave the cabin in order to hide my tears. But now, between the blue sky and the sea, I still can't calm down. The waves of thoughts chase the sea and go far away…<br />
<br />
Just now, in the conversation with the seafarers, something stirred my heart. I leave the cabin in order to hide my tears. But now, between the blue sky and the sea, I still can't calm down. The waves of thoughts chase the sea and go far away…<br />
<br />
不知怎么,我ー下子离开主题,忽然想起二十多年前我给小读者写的一首诗, 告诉他们什么叫作海员。<br />
<br />
Somehow, I digress from the subject and suddenly remember a poem I wrote to young readers more than 20 years ago, telling them what a seaman was.<br />
<br />
Somehow, I digress from the subject and suddenly remember a poem I wrote to young readers more than 20 years ago, telling them what a seaman was.<br />
<br />
我不禁噙泪而笑了。那时我是那样年轻,在生活的海洋里几乎未经沉浮,我懂得海员吗?那时的小读者今天应该也是三十多岁的人了,他们怕也有自己的孩子了。经历过十多年的狂飙巨浪,他们还像儿时那样天真地向往海洋吗?天真,也许 是消失了,但向往——还应该向往。那么,就让我再给他们讲一个海员的故事吧!（I change 嚙 with 噙）<br />
<br />
I couldn't help laughing with tears. At that time, I was so young and hardly experienced ups and downs in the ocean of life. Did I know seafarers? The young readers at that time should be in their thirties today, and I guess they have had their own children. After experiencing more than ten years of surging waves, do they still yearn for the ocean as naively as they did when they were children? Innocence may have disappeared, but yearning should still exist. Then, let me tell them another story about a seaman!<br />
<br />
I couldn't help laughing with tears. At that time, I was so young and hardly experienced ups and downs in the ocean of life. Did I know seafarers? The young readers at that time should be in their thirties today, and they may have their own children. After experiencing more than ten years of surging waves, do they still yearn for the ocean as naively as they did when they were children? Innocence may have disappeared, but yearning should still exist. Then, let me tell them another story about a seaman!<br />
<br />
讲ー个海员,ー个水手,ー个船长,ー个master的真实的故事吧……<br />
<br />
I will tell a true story of a seaman, a sailor, a captain and a master...<br />
<br />
I will tell a true story of a seaman, a sailor, a captain and a master...<br />
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汉堡港的变奏<br />
<br />
Variations on the Port of Hamburg<br />
<br />
Variations on the Port of Hamburg<br />
<br />
汉堡港是美丽的。岸上,一幢幢红色和黄色的建筑物;港口,碧蓝的海水翻卷着银白的浪花……<br />
<br />
Port of Hamburg was beautiful. On the shore, red and yellow buildings could be seen. In the port, the turquoise sea water rolled over the white waves...<br />
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The Port of Hamburg was beautiful. On the shore, there were red and yellow buildings. In the port, the turquoise sea water rolled over the white waves...<br />
<br />
汉堡港是忙碌的。每天来来往往,穿梭着各国的船舶,码头上吊杆起落……但工人的脚步是稳重的,德国人原是出名的有秩序。ー百多年来,汉堡港早就形成了 自己的节奏ーー有条不紊,按部就班,寓丰富于单纯,多变化而又精密……就像成熟的乐队演奏熟悉的乐曲。<br />
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The Port of Hamburg was busy. In it were ships shuttling from all over the world, and the suspenders on the docks rising and falling... But the workers' footsteps are steady, because the Germans were famous for their order. For more than 100 years, Port of Hamburg has formed its own rhythm in an orderly manner, which was content-rich but simple, varied but precise… Just like a mature band playing familiar music.<br />
<br />
The Port of Hamburg was busy. Ships shuttled from here to other countries, and the suspenders on the docks rose and fell... But the workers' footsteps were steady, because the Germans were famous for their order. For more than 100 years, the Port of Hamburg had formed its own rhythm in an orderly manner, which was content-rich but simple, varied but precise… Just like a mature band playing familiar music.<br />
<br />
但,有一次,汉堡港竟改变了它正常的节奏:港口、码头、装卸公司、服务公司频 繁来往,电话不断;货主、代理、大小工头、理货组长和工人们都激动不已,甚至连正 好停泊在港口、有尊严而又自信的十几个老船长也打破常规,开了一条小艇,集体下海去了。<br />
<br />
However, on one occasion, Port of Hamburg changed its normal rhythm: ports, docks, loading and unloading companies and service companies frequently came and went, and telephone calls continued; shippers, agents, foremen, chief tallymen and workmen were so excited that even a dozen dignified and confident old masters, who happened to moor their ships in the port, broke the routine and sailed a small boat and went to the sea.<br />
<br />
However, on one occasion, the Port of Hamburg changed its normal rhythm: ports, docks, loading and unloading companies and service companies frequently came and went, and the telephone call was ceaseless; shippers, agents, foremen, chief tallymen and workmen were so excited and even a dozen dignified and confident old masters, who happened to moor their ships in the port, broke the routine and sailed a small boat and went to the sea.<br />
<br />
是什么引起了这骚动呢?台风吗?惊涛骇浪吗?都不是。一百多年的港口了,任何风浪都改变不了它的节奏。<br />
<br />
What caused the commotion? Typhoon? The stormy waves? Neither. A port with more than 100-year history was not susceptible to any wind or waves.<br />
<br />
What caused the commotion? Typhoon? Stormy waves? Neither. A port with more than 100-year history was not susceptible to any wind or waves.<br />
<br />
使得汉堡港变奏的,说也奇怪,是一条船,就是中国远洋公司上海分公司的这艘远洋货轮——“汉川号”。<br />
<br />
What made it change, strange to say, was a ship. That was the ocean-going freighter Hanchuan belonging to Shanghai Branch of China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company.<br />
<br />
What made it change, strange to say, was a ship. That was the ocean-going freighter "Hanchuan" belonging to Shanghai Branch of China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company.<br />
<br />
码头上人头攒动,指指点点,“汉川”“汉川”之声不绝。有的人还特地带了老婆孩子来参观,说是让他们见见世面。明媚的阳光,彩色的裙衫,童声稚气的欢笑, 一下子使得汉堡港这支一百多年的古曲,焕发出青春的明丽,奏出了奇异而动人的旋律。<br />
<br />
The dock was jam-packed with people, who were pointing and shouting "Hanchuan" endlessly. Some people even brought their wives and children to see the elephant. Bright sunshine, colorful skirts and childish laughter suddenly made Port of Hamburg, an ancient song for more than 100 years, glow with youthful beauty and play a bizarre and moving melody.<br />
<br />
The dock was jam-packed with people, who were pointing and shouting "Hanchuan" endlessly. Some people even brought their wives and children to see the elephant. Bright sunshine, colorful skirts and childish laughter suddenly made the Port of Hamburg, an ancient song with the history of more than a hundred years, glow with youthful beauty and play a bizarre and moving melody.<br />
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这是1978年4月的一个星期天。<br />
<br />
It was a Sunday in April 1978.<br />
<br />
It was a Sunday in April 1978.<br />
<br />
故事却要从3月说起……<br />
<br />
But the story begins in March...<br />
<br />
But the story began in March...<br />
<br />
3月21日,“汉川号”在驶欧途中接到公司电报,返航时在汉堡港装运天津化纤厂成套设备,国内急用!<br />
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On March 21st, the Hanchuan received a telegram from its company on its way to Europe, and it was asked to ship complete sets of equipment for Tianjin Chemical Fiber Factory in Port of Hamburg when returning home, because it was urgently needed in China!<br />
<br />
On March 21st, the Hanchuan received a telegram from its company on its way to Europe, and it was asked to ship a complete set of equipment for Tianjin Chemical Fiber Factory in the Port of Hamburg when it returned, because the equipment was urgently needed in China!<br />
<br />
但抵港之后,港口却给安排了一些杂货。原来代理认为中国船根本运不了这套设备,因为这套设备极不规则,很多都是超长、超高、超重件,且又贵重,其中任何 ー个部件有任何一点损坏或漏运,都会误工误时,造成严重损失。何况按照惯例, 港口从来都把贵重的成套设备交给他们认为工效最高的德国船运。当然,这些话并未直说,说的是:“这套设备任何一条船也装不下,‘汉川号’尽可以运别的货嘛。”<br />
<br />
But after arriving in the port, they were arranged some groceries. Originally, the agent thought that Chinese ships could not transport this set of equipment at all, because it was extremely irregular, and many of them were super-long, super-high, overweight and expensive. Any damage or missed shipment of any parts would cause serious losses. Besides, by convention, ports always hand over valuable complete sets of equipment to German ships that they think are the most efficient. Of course, agents did not say that directly, but said: "This set of equipment can't be put in any ship. Why doesn’t Hanchuan transport other goods?"<br />
<br />
But after arriving at the port, it was arranged some groceries. It turned out that the agent thought that the Chinese ship could not transport this set of equipment at all, because it was extremely irregular, and many of them were super-long, super-high, overweight and expensive. Any damage or missed shipment of any parts would delay the work and waste time, causing serious losses. Besides, by convention, ports always hand over valuable complete sets of equipment to German ships they think are the most efficient. Of course, the agent did not say that directly, but said: "Any ship is too small to hold this set of equipment. The Hanchuan can transport other goods."<br />
<br />
但是,以贝汉廷为首的“汉川号”还认准了非装这批货不可!理由嘛:一是国内急需;二是成套设备运输费高;三是你外国人能做的,我们中国人就也能做,凭什么小看人！当然,这话也没直说,说的是：“谢谢你们的好意,但是我们可以一船装走。我们行!”<br />
<br />
However, the Hanchuan headed by Bei Hanting held that this batch of goods must be loaded! Reasons are as follows: First, it is urgently needed in China; Second, the transportation cost of complete sets of equipment is high; Third, what you foreigners can do, we Chinese can also do, so why underestimate people! Of course, these words were not spitted out. They were: Thank you for your kindness, but we can load it in one boat. We can do it!"<br />
<br />
However, the Hanchuan headed by Bei Hanting insisted that it must load this batch of goods! Reasons were as follows: First, it is urgently needed in China; Second, the transportation cost of a complete set of equipment is high; Third, what you foreigners can do, we Chinese can also do, so why underestimate us! Of course, these words were not spitted out. They said: "Thank you for your kindness, but we can load it in one ship. We can do it!"<br />
<br />
行不行,这可不像国内搞大批判、揪“走资派”那么容易。只要戴上袖章,抢过话筒,哇里哇啦喊一通,谁帽子大、上纲高,谁就胜利。这可是国际港口,面对的都是专家,ー张嘴就知道你有多少斤两,空话、大话引来的只有讪笑。何况这是航海, 是科学,大海可不是被剥夺了一切权利的“走资派”,大海是要发言的,稍有一点儿 不实事求是,不科学,它就要惩罚你！就会让你船覆货沉,葬身鱼腹。因此,这个“行”字可是一字千金,开不得半点儿玩笑！<br />
<br />
It was not as easy as criticizing others massively and finding capitalist roaders in China. As long as you put on your armband, grab the microphone, shout loudly, have great power and regard the problem as class conflicts, you will win. However, this was an international port, and all of them faced experts. They would know your ability when you said something. Empty talk and big talk only attracted laughter. Besides, this was about navigation and science. The sea was not a capitalist roader deprived of all rights. The sea wanted to speak. If you didn’t think of the real situation and science, it will punish you! It will make your ship sink and the goods fall in the belly of a fish. Therefore, the sentence "We can do it" was full of pearls of wisdom, which couldn’t be a joke!<br />
<br />
It was not as easy as criticizing others massively and uncovering capitalist roaders in China. As long as you put on your armband, grab the microphone, shout loudly, have great power and regard the problems as class conflicts, you will win. However, this was an international port, and what they faced were all experts. They would know your ability when you said something. Empty talk and big talk only attracted laughter. Besides, this was about navigation and science. The sea was not a capitalist roader deprived of all rights. The sea would speak. If you didn’t think of the real situation and science, it would punish you! It would make your ship sink and the goods fall into the belly of fish. Therefore, the sentence "We can do it" was full of pearls of wisdom, and there was no joking about it!<br />
<br />
贝汉廷是有名的老船长了,他坚持说“行”,外国人也不得不掂量掂量,于是ー 伸手说:“拿来！”“什么？”“配载图。”贝汉廷微笑着摊开了图纸。行家搭眼一看就愣住了,不由得脱口说了一个“好”！<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was a famous old master. He insisted on saying "yes", and foreigners had to ponder it, so they reached out and said, "Give me!", "What?" "Cargo plan." Bei Hanting smiled and spread out the drawing. The experts were stunned when they looked at it, and couldn't help blurting out "good"!<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was a famous old master. He insisted on saying "can", and foreigners had to ponder it, so they reached out and said, "Give me!" "What?" "Cargo plan." Bei Hanting spread out the drawing with a smile. The experts were stunned when they looked at it, and couldn't help blurting out "good"!<br />
<br />
这是一幅何等详尽的配载图啊!图上布满了密密麻麻的图形和数字,成千上万个部件,不仅各有各的装载部位,而且件件有尺码,有重量,有体积,件件有标号。<br />
<br />
What a detailed cargo plan this was! The drawing was full of figures and numbers, and thousands of parts. It not only had their own loading parts, but also had sizes, weights, volumes and labels.<br />
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What a detailed cargo plan it was! The drawing was full of figures and numbers. Thousands of parts not only had their own loading positions, but also all had sizes, weights, volumes and labels.<br />
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可怎么有几件甲板货高出了船舱,伸出了船舷?这可是不安全的吧?……<br />
<br />
But how can several deck cargo be higher than the cabin and extend out of the port and starboard? This was not safe, was it?<br />
<br />
But how can several deck cargos be higher than the cabin and extend out of the ship's rail? It was not safe, was it? ...<br />
<br />
谁知贝汉廷笑嘻嘻地说出了到达、离港及航行中最佳、最差稳心的全部计算数据,同时还分析了4月的沿途气候:英吉利海峡怎样,直布罗陀海峡如何;比斯开湾及北大西洋的冬季风暴已过,地中海也如此;印度洋虽长期平均六七级风,但此刻 西南季风盛行的季节还未开始……沿途均属无风暴间隙,正是一年里航海的黄金季节。当然,也可能出现最坏情况,那就是印度洋阿拉伯海南部东经60度以东提前开始西南季风,可能出现八九级大风,那也没关系,我们可以采取改变航向、变更 航速、减轻正面迎风及开慢车等ー系列技术措施嘛!<br />
<br />
It was surprised that Bei Hanting smiled and said all the calculation data of the best and worst metacenter in arrival, departure and navigation, and also analyzed the climate along the way in April: what is the English Channel and the Strait of Gibraltar; Winter storms have passed in the Bay of Biscay and the North Atlantic, as have the Mediterranean; Although the Indian Ocean has a long-term average of strong breeze and near gale, the season when the southwest monsoon prevails has not yet started... There is no storm gap along the way, which is the golden season of sailing in a year. Of course, the worst case may occur, that is, the southwest monsoon starts ahead of schedule to the east of 60 degrees east longitude in the southern Arabian Sea of the Indian Ocean, and there may be fresh gale or strong gale. It doesn't matter. We can take a series of technical measures such as changing course and speed, reducing frontal windward and sailing slowly!<br />
<br />
It was surprised that Bei Hanting smiled and said all the calculation data of the best and worst metacenter in arrival, departure and navigation, and also analyzed the climate along the route in April: how is the English Channel and the Strait of Gibraltar; Winter storms have passed in the Bay of Biscay and the North Atlantic, as has the Mediterranean; Although the Indian Ocean has a long-term average of strong breeze or near gale, the season when the southwest monsoon prevails has not yet started... There is no storm gap along the route, which is the golden season of sailing in a year. Of course, the worst case may occur, that was, the southwest monsoon starts ahead of schedule to the east of 60 degrees east longitude in the southern Arabian Sea of the Indian Ocean, and there may be fresh gale or strong gale. It doesn't matter. We can take a series of technical measures such as changing course and speed, reducing frontal windward and sailing slowly!<br />
<br />
好一个贝汉廷!这哪里是什么配载图及其注释,简直是一份科学报告!德国 人不由得伸出手拍着贝汉廷的肩说:“祝贺你有个好大副。”贝汉廷彬彬有礼地躬 了一下身说:“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
What a knowledgeable man! This was not a cargo plan and its annotations, but a scientific report! The German couldn't help reaching out and patting Bei Hanting on the shoulder and saying, "Congratulations on having a good chief officer." Bei Hanting bowed politely and said, "Thank you."<br />
<br />
What a knowledgeable man! This was not a cargo plan and its annotations, but a scientific report! The German couldn't help reaching out and patting Bei Hanting on the shoulder and saying, "Congratulations on having a good chief officer." Bei Hanting bowed politely and said, "Thank you."<br />
<br />
德国人哪里想得到,这张配载图早已超出了大副的业务范围,它是船长、政委、大副和所有技术力量27个不眠之夜的结晶。是他们,利用卸货期每天拿着尺子跑 码头,将货物一件件量了过来,并根据船舱甲板所有部位的不同形状、结构及负荷, 经过反复的核算和排列,求出了这种最合理的配载方案。<br />
<br />
The Germans can’t figure out that this cargo plan has long been beyond the business scope of the chief officer. It is the fruit of 27 sleepless nights of master, the secretary of the commissar, chief officer and all technical forces. It was they who ran to the dock with a ruler every day during the unloading period, measured the goods one by one, and worked out the most reasonable stowage scheme after repeated accounting and arrangement according to the different shapes, structures and loads of all parts of the cabin deck.<br />
<br />
The Germans couldn't figure out that this cargo plan had long been beyond the business scope of the chief officer. It was the fruit of 27 sleepless nights of the master, the secretary of the commissar, the chief officer and all technical forces. It was they who ran to the dock with a ruler every day during the unloading period, measured the goods one by one, and worked out the most reasonable stowage scheme after they repeated accounting and arrangement according to the different shapes, structures and loads of all parts of the cabin deck.<br />
<br />
那些日子里,全船像要参加国际棋赛ー样,把货舱、甲板的布置图纸（1：100）贴在木板上,把货物按比例缩小做成硬纸模型,反复组合,这盘特殊的“棋”足足对弈了几百次…… <br />
<br />
In those days, workers in the whole ship seemed to participate in the international chess game. They pasted the layout drawings of the cargo hold and deck (1: 100) on the wooden board, and the cargo was scaled down to make a cardboard model, which was repeatedly combined. This special chess was played hundreds of times...<br />
<br />
In those days, workers on the whole ship seemed to participate in the international chess game. They pasted the layout drawings of the hold and deck (1: 100) on the wooden board, and the cargos were scaled down to a cardboard model, which was repeatedly combined. This special chess was played hundreds of times...<br />
<br />
代理不知道,但他被科学说服了,于是开始装货。<br />
<br />
The agent didn't know, but he was persuaded by science, so he started loading up.<br />
<br />
The agent didn't know it, but he was persuaded by the science, so he started loading up.<br />
<br />
一号工头吉亚特是个有几十年工龄的行家里手,两撇小胡子,矮小而精明,极有本事又看不起中国人。“汉川号”的大副根本指挥不动他。<br />
<br />
Gyatt, a lead foreman, was an expert with decades of length of service. He was short and shrewd, with a moustache on his face, and despised Chinese people. The chief officer of Hanchuan couldn't command him at all.<br />
<br />
Gyatt, a lead foreman, was an expert with decades of length of service. He was short and shrewd, with a moustache on his face, and was very capable but despised Chinese people. The chief officer of "Hanchuan" couldn't command him at all.<br />
<br />
在装第三舱时,吉亚特自作主张将其中两个大件不按配载图装。贝汉廷接到 报告后匆匆赶到现场与他理论时,エ头满不在乎地拍着胸脯说:“我有把握!”<br />
<br />
When loading the third cabin, Gyatt took the initiative to load two large pieces without following the cargo plan. When Bei Hanting hurried to the scene to argue with him after receiving the report, he patted his chest carelessly and said, "I am sure!"<br />
<br />
When loading the third cabin, Gyatt took the initiative to load two large pieces without following the cargo plan. When Bei Hanting hurried to the scene to argue with him after receiving the report, the foreman patted his chest carelessly and said, "I am sure!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷再三劝阻他:“这样你会被动的。”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting repeatedly dissuaded him: "Then you will be in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting repeatedly dissuaded him: "Then you will be in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
吉亚特翘着小胡子说:“我从来没有被动过。”<br />
<br />
Gyatt said with his moustache cocking, "I have never been in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
Gyatt said with his moustache cocking, "I have never been in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
“如果最后装不下,由你重装,误エ误期一切损失由你负责。”<br />
<br />
"If it can't be installed in the end, you will reload them, and you will be responsible for all the losses caused by the delay."<br />
<br />
"If it can't be put in the ship in the end, you will reload them, and you will be responsible for all the losses caused by the delay."<br />
<br />
“那是自然。”吉亚特说。<br />
<br />
"Of course." Gyatt said.<br />
<br />
"Of course." Gyatt said.<br />
<br />
一天过去了,两天过去了,第三天吉亚特满头大汗地来找贝汉廷:果然,ー个 16米的大件放不下去了,硬放下去也关不上舱盖,而不关舱盖是不能启航的,何况舱盖上早已计划好了配载别的货物呢！贝汉廷早已有话在先,这一下,骄傲的工头可卡了壳啦!支部动员了全船的技术力量,重新修正部分配载,在中德两国工人的 共同努力下,最后把一个大件的包装木箱锯掉了一个角,用四个铲车斜着铲了进去,稳稳当当地盖上了舱盖。在场的工人都拍手称好,大叫“精彩”。小胡子吉亚特摊开双手,耸了耸肩说：“太奇妙了 !这些货简直是按你们船舱的尺码定做的!”从此他客气得不得了,工人装货尺寸稍有出入,他立即纠正说：“不,不,请按配载图!”<br />
<br />
One day passed. Two days passed. And on the third day, Gyatt, sweating profusely, came to Bei Hanting. Without doubt, a 16-meter-long piece could not be put down, and the hatch cover could not be closed if it was put down forcefully, and it was impossible to set sail without closing the hatch cover, not to mention that other goods had already been planned on the hatch cover! Bei Hanting had already said something first, so the proud foreman was in a dilemma! The branch mobilized the technical force of the whole ship and revised part of the stowage. With the joint efforts of Chinese and German workers, it finally sawed off a corner of a large packing wooden box, shoveled it in obliquely with four forklifts, and covered the hatch cover firmly. All the workers on the scene clapped their hands and shouted "wonderful". Moustache Gyatt spread out his hands, shrugged his shoulders and said, "It's fantastic! These goods are simply customized according to the size of your cabin!" From then on, he was extremely polite, and when the loading conducted by workers was different, he immediately corrected and said, "No, no, please load according to the cargo plan!"<br />
<br />
One day passed, two days passed, and on the third day, Gyatt, sweating profusely, came to Bei Hanting. Without doubt, a 16-meter-long piece could not be put down, and the hatch cover could not be closed if it was put down forcefully, and it was impossible to set sail without closing the hatch cover, not to mention that other goods had already been planned on the hatch cover! Bei Hanting had already said something first, so the proud foreman was in a dilemma! The branch mobilized the technical force of the whole ship and revised parts of the stowage. With the joint efforts of Chinese and German workers, a corner of a large packing wooden box was finally sawed off, shoveled in obliquely with four forklifts, and the hatch cover was firmly covered. All the workers on the scene clapped their hands and shouted "wonderful". Moustache Gyatt spread out his hands, shrugged his shoulders and said, "It's fantastic! These goods are simply customized according to the size of your cabin!" From then on, he was extremely polite, and when the loading conducted by workers was different, he immediately corrected and said, "No, no, please load according to the cargo plan!"<br />
<br />
货装妥了。代理等人纷纷上船祝贺,一致说：“像这样的货,我们德国有经验的 老水手也绑不好,何况贵船海员多是新手。这么娇贵的货,弄坏一件可不得了哇!这船货,你们公司发财了,光运费就200多万外汇。花几个绑扎费也值得。”<br />
<br />
After the goods had been loaded, agents and others boarded the ship to congratulate one after another, and unanimously said, "We experienced old sailors in Germany can't tie goods like this, not to mention that most sailors on your ship are novices. It's terrible to break one of such delicate goods! With this cargo, your company has made a fortune, and the freight alone is more than 2 million foreign exchanges. It is worthwhile to spend more binding fees."<br />
<br />
After the goods had been loaded, agents and others boarded the ship to congratulate one after another, and unanimously said, "Our experienced old sailors in Germany can't tie goods like this, not to mention that most sailors on your ship are novices. It's terrible to break one of such delicate goods! With this cargo, your company has made a fortune, and the freight alone is more than 2 million foreign exchanges. It is worthwhile to spend the binding fees."<br />
<br />
但是,“汉川号”仍然决定自己来绑扎:一是自己绑的货心中有数,便于途中检查;二是我国远洋事业在飞速发展,正好借此锤炼海员;三呢,绑扎费用要好几万马克,船员们舍不得。于是ー场绑扎大战开始了。<br />
<br />
However, workers in the Hanchuan still decided to bind themselves. First, the goods tied by themselves are familiar for them, which is convenient for inspection on the way; Second, China's ocean-going industry is developing rapidly, so it’s a good chance for seafarers; Third, the binding fees is tens of thousands DM, and the crew are short of cash. So a binding war began.<br />
<br />
However, workers in the "Hanchuan" still decided to bind themselves. First, the goods tied by themselves are familiar for them, which is convenient for inspection on the way; Second, China's ocean-going industry is developing rapidly, so it’s a good chance for seafarers; Third, the binding fees is tens of thousands DM, and the crew are short of cash. So a binding war began.<br />
<br />
有的同志背拉着50多米的钢丝绳爬上了6米高的圆锅炉;有的钻到货物下面仰身安装克莱姆;有的在装得满满的、侧身难行的货物间来回运送绑扎材料;有的用墨线一一记下货物位置,以便在风浪中随时检查有无移位……手勒肿了,不哼一声;人累瘦了,不肯休息;年轻的小泮磕掉了门牙也在所不惜。这一切的一切,都是为了在“四化”的储蓄罐里投下一枚枚外汇!<br />
<br />
Some workers climbed the 6-meter-high round boiler with more than 50 meters of wire rope on their backs; Some squeezed through the goods and installed Clem by laying upon their backs; Some transported binding materials back and forth between full goods that were difficult for people to walk sideways; Some used ink lines to write down the position of the goods so as to check whether there was displacement at any time in the wind and waves... Although their hands were swollen, they didn’t complain ; Although they lost weight because of tiredness, they refused to rest. Young Pan knocked out his front teeth for binding regardless of the cost. All this was to cast foreign exchanges in the piggy bank of the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
Some workers climbed the 6-meter-high round boiler with more than 50 meters of wire rope on their backs; Some squeezed through the goods and installed Clem by laying upon their backs; Some transported binding materials back and forth between full goods that were difficult for people to walk sideways; Some used ink lines to write down the position of the goods so as to check whether there was displacement at any time in the wind and waves... Although their hands were swollen, they didn’t complain; Although they lost weight because of tiredness, they refused to rest. Young Pan knocked out his front teeth for binding regardless of the cost. All of these were to cast foreign exchanges in the piggy bank of the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
绑扎前验货师曾再三威胁说:绑扎不合格绝不发证书。第一天,贝船长陪他检验一遭,共同找出了几处毛病,他摇了摇头,大不以为然。但是,从第二天起,他就再也找不出毛病了。第三天,他竟然未等绑扎完毕就开来了检货证明,并且声称他已不必再到船上来了,因为贝船长的要求比他更严格。他说:“这样的绑法在海上 船摇三四十度也不会出问题,我相信我的眼睛。”<br />
<br />
Before binding, the inspector repeatedly stressed that the certificate would never be issued if the binding was unqualified. On the first day, Master Bei accompanied him to inspect and found out several problems together. He shook his head and disagreed. However, from the next day, he couldn't find anything wrong. On the third day, he sent the inspection certificate before the binding was finished, and claimed that he didn't have to come to the ship again because Captain Bai was more strict. He said: "This binding method will not cause problems even when the ship tilts 30 or 40 degrees at sea. I believe my eyes."<br />
<br />
Before binding, the cargo surveyor repeatedly stressed that the certificate would never be issued if the binding was unqualified. On the first day, Master Bei accompanied him to inspect and found out several problems together. He shook his head and disagreed. However, the next day, he couldn't find anything wrong. On the third day, he sent the inspection certificate before the binding was finished, and claimed that he didn't have to come to the ship again because Captain Bai was more strict. He said: "This binding method will not cause problems even when the ship tilts 30 or 40 degrees on the sea. I believe my eyes."<br />
<br />
“汉川号”就是这样引起了汉堡港的变奏,为我国的海员,为我们的祖国争得了荣誉。<br />
<br />
This is how the Hanchuan caused the variation of the Port of Hamburg, and won honor for our seafarers and our motherland.<br />
<br />
This was how the "Hanchuan" caused the variations of the Port of Hamburg, and won the honor for our seafarers and our motherland.<br />
<br />
于是就来到了 4月的那个明媚的星期天。在妇女和孩子的欢呼声中,那个交通小艇坐得满满的,绕着“汉川号”转,为的是让行家的眼睛记下“汉川号”甲板配 载的各个角度。他们不断地发出赞叹之声,好像着迷的观众围在舞台四周对心爱的艺术家喝彩一样。<br />
<br />
So it came to the bright Sunday in April. Amid the cheers of women and children, the traffic boat was full and turned around the Hanchuan, so that the experts could remember the various angles of the deck stowage of the Hanchuan. They kept making sounds of admiration, as if fascinated audience gathered around the stage to cheer for their beloved artists.<br />
<br />
So it came to the bright Sunday in April. Amid the cheers of women and children, the traffic boat was full and turned around the Hanchuan, so that the experts could remember the various angles of the deck stowage of the Hanchuan. They kept making sounds of admiration, as if fascinated audience gathered around the stage to cheer for their beloved artists.<br />
<br />
而引起如此轰动的“汉川号”船长贝汉廷不但没有频频谢幕,反而连面也没露,他满头大汗地躲在船舱里和政委、大副们ー起商量怎样婉谢一定要上船拍照的报社和电视台的记者。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, the master of the Hanchuan, who caused such a sensation, not only did not show his gratitude frequently, but did not even appear. He hid in the cabin sweating profusely and discussed with the secretary of the commissars and chief officer how to decline the reporters of newspapers and TV stations who must take pictures on board.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, the master of the "Hanchuan", who caused such a sensation, not only did not show his gratitude frequently, but did not even appear. He hid in the cabin sweating profusely and discussed with the secretary of the commissars and chief officers how to decline the reporters of newspapers and TV stations who must take pictures on board.<br />
<br />
“今天想起来,是多么愚蠢啊!拒绝人家给我们免费宣传。”贝汉廷笑着对我说可那会儿,思想就是没解放嘛!当然,后来在我们离港时,他们还是从雷达站上进行了拍照,而且登在报上说:‘这是汉堡港ー百多年没有过的……’”<br />
<br />
"How stupid it is to think of it today! Refuse them to promote us for free." Bei Hanting said to me with a smile, “but at that time, we don’t emancipate the mind! When we left the port later, however, they took photos from the radar station and published them in the newspaper, saying, ‘This is not seen in the Port of Hamburg for more than 100 years...' "<br />
<br />
"How stupid it was to think of it today! Refused them to promote us for free." Bei Hanting said to me with a smile, “but at that time, we didn’t emancipate the mind! When we left the port later, they still took photos from the radar station and published them in the newspaper, saying, ‘This is not seen in the Port of Hamburg for more than 100 years...' "<br />
<br />
他挥挥手,不肯说那些赞美之词,怎么也不肯。<br />
<br />
He waved his hand and refused to say those compliments, not at all.<br />
<br />
He waved his hand and refused to say those compliments, not at all.<br />
<br />
从南市来的孩子<br />
<br />
Children from Nanshi District<br />
<br />
Children from Nanshi District<br />
<br />
人们说:搞远洋航行的人,应该像大海一样渊博,应该既是航海家,又是科学家,还是艺术家……<br />
<br />
People say that those who sail in the ocean should be as knowledgeable as the sea, and should be navigators, scientists and artists...<br />
<br />
People say that those who sail in the ocean should be as knowledgeable as the sea, and should be navigators, scientists and artists...<br />
<br />
在没有见到贝汉廷时,我曾猜测过他的相貌。见了面之后,我觉得他——也像,也不像。像,他确实有点科学家的味道,讲起话来有根有据,像计算机一样精确,又像水银一样灵敏。不像嘛,那么小小的个子,穿着一件破衬衫、一条短裤（据说要一直穿到下雪）,待人彬彬有礼,哪里像个威严的船长呢!<br />
<br />
Before I saw Bei Hanting, I guessed his appearance. After meeting him, I think he is like a scientist, and is not like a scientist. For the former one, he does have the temperament of a scientist. His words hold water and are as accurate as a computer and as sensitive as mercury. For the latter one, he is such a small man, wearing a broken shirt and shorts (which are said to be worn until it snows), and is polite to others, which has no relationship with a master living in dignity!<br />
<br />
Before I saw Bei Hanting, I guessed his appearance. After meeting him, I think he is like a scientist, and is not like a scientist. For the former one, he does have the temperament of the scientist. His words hold water and are as accurate as a computer and as sensitive as mercury. For the latter one, he is such a small man, wearing a broken shirt and shorts (which are said to be worn until it snows), and is polite to others, which has no relationship with a master living in dignity!<br />
<br />
我知道他受过很好的教育,是老交通大学航海系的学生,是我们最早的几艘远洋轮的船长之一,有很丰富的航海知识,能说很流利的英语,但他是怎样,又是为什么走向大海的呢?<br />
<br />
I know that he is highly educated, and a student of the navigation department of the old Shanghai Jiao Tong University, as he is one of the captains of our earliest ocean-going ships. He has rich navigation knowledge and can speak fluent English. But how and why did he go to the sea?<br />
<br />
I know that he is highly educated, a student of the navigation department of the old Shanghai Jiao Tong University, as he was one of the captains of our earliest ocean-going ships. He has rich navigation knowledge and can speak fluent English. But how and why did he go to the sea?<br />
<br />
“我生在上海,从小在南市长大。南市,晓得吗?”<br />
<br />
"I was born in Shanghai and grew up in Nanshi. Do you know it?"<br />
<br />
"I was born in Shanghai and grew up in Nanshi. Do you know Nanshi?"<br />
<br />
南市吗?晓得的。那是共和国成立前上海比较贫困的商业区。小商小贩很多,文化比较落后……随着他的叙述,我想起了那里泥泞的街道,狭窄的店铺,流里流气的白相人,还有衣衫褴褛、面有菜色的黄包车夫和苦力……<br />
<br />
Nanshi? I know. It was a poor business district in Shanghai before the founding of the People’s Republic of China. There were many small business hawkers, and the culture was relatively backward... With his narration, I think of muddy streets, narrow shops, frivolous white people, peaky rickshaw drivers and coolies with rags...<br />
<br />
Nanshi? I know. It was a poor business district in Shanghai before the founding of the People’s Republic of China. There were many small business hawkers, and the culture was relatively backward... With his narration, I think of muddy streets, narrow shops, frivolous white people, peaky rickshaw drivers and coolies with rags...<br />
<br />
“我最小,哥哥姐姐都只上过ー两年小学。后来哥哥做工了,他拼命要让我上学,为这,母亲十分不愿意呢!小学毕业了,在南市就不得了啦,还要上中学!亲戚 朋友都没听说过。可是哥哥坚持,他后来在一个研究院工作,看见过科学家,他认定了科学和文化会给人光明。他一定要让我考中学,而且必须考有名的上海中学。”于是这个从南市来的瘦小而机灵的孩子就这样跨进了中学的大门。上海中学当时是大名鼎鼎的,来上学的多是书香门第和名流的子女。这些孩子学习基础好, 文化素养高。小贝汉廷是多么惊奇地看着有的同学大笔一挥就写出那样优美的作文,老师拿来就在全班朗读。他又是那样羡慕那些数学动不动就拿120分、年年考第一的同学。但是他,贝汉廷,惊奇而不泄气,羡慕而不妒忌。因为哥哥告诉他:身边老有需要追赶的人,就好像道路上老有遥远的路标。它永远召唤你,提醒你——人,是有潜力的,有使你自己都惊奇的潜力呢！于是,小贝汉廷ー步步地追赶着,后来简直是奔跑起来了。<br />
<br />
"I am the youngest, and my brother and sister have only attended primary school for one or two years. Later, my brother find a job, and he tried his best to let me go to school. For this, my mother was very reluctant! The graduation from a primary school is a big deal in Nanshi, and I will go to middle school! No relatives or friends have heard of it. But my brother insist that, because he later work in a research institute and saw scientists. He believe that science and culture would give people a bright future. He must let me take an examination of middle school, and the examination of famous middle schools in Shanghai." So this thin and clever child from Nanshi stepped into the gate of middle school. Shanghai Middle School was famous at that time, and most of the students who came to it were children of scholarly families and celebrities. These children have a good learning foundation and high cultural accomplishment. Little Bei Hanting was surprised to see some students write such beautiful compositions, and the teacher took them to read aloud in the whole class. He really admired those students who easily got 120 points in mathematics and got the first place in the exam every year. But he, Bei Hanting, was surprised but not discouraged, envious but not jealous. Because his brother told him: There are always people around who need to catch up, just like there are always distant road signs on the road. They will always call you and remind you that people have potential, and the potential will even surprise yourself! So he chased them step by step, and then he ran to catch up with them.<br />
<br />
"I am the youngest, and my brother and sister have only attended primary school for one or two years. Later, my brother found a job, and he tried his best to let me go to school. For this, my mother was very reluctant! The graduation from a primary school is a big deal in Nanshi, and I would go to middle school! No relatives or friends had heard of it. But my brother insisted that, because he later worked in a research institute and had saw scientists before. He believed that science and culture would give people a bright future. He must let me take an examination of middle school, and must take the examination of the famous middle schools in Shanghai." So this thin and clever child from Nanshi stepped into the gate of middle school. Shanghai Middle School was famous at that time, and most of the students who came to it were children of scholarly families and celebrities. These children had a good learning foundation and high cultural accomplishment. Little Bei Hanting was surprised to see some students write such beautiful compositions, and the teacher took them to read aloud to the whole class. He really admired those students who easily got 120 points in mathematics and got the first place in the exam every year. But he, Bei Hanting, was surprised but not discouraged, envious but not jealous. Because his brother told him: There are always people around who need to catch up, just like there are always distant road signs on the road. They will always call you and remind you that people have potential, and the potential will even surprise yourself! So he chased them step by step, and then he ran to catch up with them.<br />
<br />
到了高中,学校分理、工、商科了。妈妈多么希望自己的小儿子能去学商啊！上海中学的商科,各大写字间都抢着要呢。ー个从南市来的孩子能坐进任何一个写字间都是难以想象的幸福啊!因为那就意味着温饱解决了。<br />
<br />
In high school, there were science, engineering and business. How a mother wished her little son could study business! Students learning business in Shanghai Middle School were needed in many office buildings. It was unimaginable happiness for a child from Nanshi to sit in any office building! Because that meant he was free from the worries of food and clothing.<br />
<br />
In high school, there were science, engineering and business. His mother really wished the little son could study business! Students learning business in Shanghai Middle School were very needed in many office buildings. It was unimaginable happiness for a child from Nanshi to sit in any office building! Because that meant he was free from the worries of food and clothing.<br />
<br />
但小贝汉廷又一次违背了母亲的意愿,毅然地选择了理科。因为奔跑得越快, 视野就越开阔,知识给人以信心和力量。为什么飞机会飞、火车会跑?为什么瓦特要追求蒸汽机,哥伦布要寻找新大陆?为什么李斯特的《革命挽歌》那样悲怆,契诃夫的《海鸥》忧郁得那样令人窒息,而高尔基的《母亲》却又那样的有力?原来世界上除了老板和学徒、掠夺者和奴才之外还有一种人,这种人不断地追求光明,使人类摆脱愚昧,为生活插上彩色的翅膀,给历史创造奇迹……<br />
<br />
But Little Bei Hanting once again went against his mother's wishes and resolutely chose science. Because the faster you run, the wider your vision is, and knowledge gives people confidence and strength. Why do planes fly and trains run? Why did Watt pursue the steam engine and Columbus seek the New World? Why is Liszt's Revolutionary Elegy so sad, Chekhov's The Seagull so suffocating, and Gorky's Mother so powerful? It turns out that in addition to bosses and apprentices, predators and slaves, there is another kind of person in the world, who constantly pursues light, makes human beings get rid of ignorance, inserts colorful wings for life, and creates miracles for history...<br />
<br />
But Little Bei Hanting once again went against his mother's wishes and resolutely chose science. Because the faster you run, the wider your vision is, and knowledge gives people confidence and strength. Why can planes fly and trains run? Why did Watt pursue the steam engine and Columbus seek the New World? Why is Liszt's ''Revolutionary Elegy'' so sad, Chekhov's ''The Seagull'' so suffocating, and Gorky's ''Mother'' so powerful? It turns out that in addition to bosses and apprentices, predators and slaves, there is another kind of person in the world, who constantly pursues light, makes human beings get rid of ignorance, inserts colorful wings for life, and creates miracles for history...<br />
<br />
世界因有这样的人而更加美好,人类因有这样的创造性劳动者而拉开了和低级动物的距离。小贝汉廷是多么希望也成为这样的人啊!既然生活还有另ー个 界,他就要顽强地向那里迈步,拼了命也要飞跃到那里……<br />
<br />
The world is better because of such people, and there are differences between human beings and animals because of such creative workers. How little Bei Hanting wished to be such a person! Since there is another realm in life, he will go there tenaciously and run to there at any cost...<br />
<br />
The world is better because of such people, and there are differences between human beings and animals because of such creative workers. How little Bei Hanting wished to be such a person! Since there was another realm in life, he would go there tenaciously and run to there at any cost...<br />
<br />
是的,生活和感情都是有不同的境界的,而攀登的每ー步都要付出汗水、心血和力气。小贝汉廷那时是多么恨他的英文老师啊,每星期要背ー课（不是读,而是背）,那么一年就要背52课,真是头也背晕了。可是一年、两年、三年过去,等他能直接阅读莎士比亚和惠特曼时,生活在他面前又展示了一个多么瑰丽的天地……<br />
<br />
Yes, life and feelings have different realms, and every step of going forward requires sweat, painstaking efforts and strength. How much Little Bei Hanting hated his English teacher at that time. He had to recite a lesson every week (not reading, but reciting), so he had to recite 52 lessons a year, which was really dizzy. But after one year, two years and three years, life showed him what a magnificent world when he can read Shakespeare and Whitman directly...<br />
<br />
Yes, life and feelings have different realms, and every step of going forward requires sweat, painstaking efforts and strength. How much Little Bei Hanting hated his English teacher at that time. He had to recite a lesson every week (not reading, but reciting), so he had to recite 52 lessons a year, which was really dizzy. But after one year, two years and three years, life showed him a world so magnificent when he could read Shakespeare and Whitman directly...<br />
<br />
而到了现在,当他能用流利的英语、法语在各个港口向外国友人表达中国人民 的情意,同德国人谈歌德、贝多芬、舒曼,同俄国人谈契诃夫、托尔斯泰、柴可夫斯基,同英国人谈拜伦、莎士比亚,同意大利人谈帕格尼尼……看着那些外国人的脸由淡漠变得凝重,由凝重转成钦佩,这个从南市来的孩子是多么高兴、多么满意。这时他是多么感激他的老师,又多么怀念那些顽强攀登的艰辛岁月啊!<br />
<br />
And now, when he can express the feelings of Chinese people to foreign friends in various ports in fluent English and French, talk to Germans about Goethe, Beethoven and Schumann, Russians about Chekhov, Tolstoy and Tchaikovsky, British about Byron and Shakespeare, Italians about Paganini... How happy and satisfied this child from Nanshi is to watch those foreigners' faces change from indifference to dignified and to admiration. At this time, how grateful he was to his teachers and how he missed those hard times of going forward tenaciously!<br />
<br />
And now, when he can express the feelings of Chinese people to foreign friends in various ports in fluent English and French, talk to Germans about Goethe, Beethoven and Schumann, Russians about Chekhov, Tolstoy and Tchaikovsky, British about Byron and Shakespeare, Italians about Paganini... How happy and satisfied this child from Nanshi was to watch those foreigners' faces change from indifference to dignified and to admiration. At this time, how grateful he was to his teachers and how he missed those hard times of going forward tenaciously!<br />
<br />
吐血的水手<br />
<br />
A Sailor Vomiting Blood<br />
<br />
A Sailor Vomiting Blood<br />
<br />
俄国一代名将苏沃洛夫有一句名言:“不想当将军的士兵不是好士兵。”我们的船长贝汉廷有一句与他互为表里的大实话:“没有了水手的船长就不是船长。”<br />
<br />
Suvorov, a famous Russian Generalissimo, had a famous saying: "A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier." Our captain Bei Hanting had a similar sentence: "A captain who doesn’t have sailors is not a captain."<br />
<br />
Suvorov, a famous Russian Generalissimo, had a famous saying: "A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier." Our captain Bei Hanting had a similar sentence: "A captain who doesn’t have sailors is not a captain."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷是尊重水手、懂得水手的。他也是从一个水手开始他的海上生活的。当他在东北那艘小泵泵船上实习时,他不但领略了东北零下四十摄氏度那凛冽的严寒,也深切感受到伟大祖国那彻骨的贫寒……<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting respected and understood sailors. He also started his life at sea as a sailor. When he was an intern on a small “pump boat” in Northeast China, he not only experienced the cold of minus 40 degrees Celsius in Northeast China, but also deeply felt the poverty of the great motherland...<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting respected and understood sailors. He also started his life at sea as a sailor. When he was an intern on a small "pump boat" in Northeast China, he not only experienced the cold of minus 40 degrees Celsius in Northeast China, but also deeply felt the poverty of the great motherland...<br />
<br />
上海临近解放,这一百多个航海系的学生迅速分化了:有钱有势的去了美国等地。大部分穷学生在隆隆的炮声中最关心的一件事就是跑到外滩,看看可还有船, 如果没有了船,他们可怎么办啊!<br />
<br />
When liberation in Shanghai was around the corner, more than 100 students in the navigation department were rapidly divided: rich and powerful one have gone to the United States and other places. The biggest concern for most of the poor students in the rumbling sound of guns was to run to the Bund and see if there was a boat. If there was no boat, what can they do!<br />
<br />
When the liberation in Shanghai was around the corner, more than 100 students in the navigation department were rapidly divided: rich and powerful ones had gone to the United States and other places. The biggest concern for most of the poor students in the rumbling sound of guns was to run to the Bund and see if there was a boat. If there was no boat, what could they do!<br />
<br />
而外滩,那熟悉的、桅杆林立的外滩,果真是一片寂静。滔滔的流水映着空空的蓝天,国民党把所有的船都迫驶去运送“撤退”人员和物资,把不能行驶的船都炸沉了。<br />
<br />
And the Bund, the familiar Bund with many ships, was really silent. The surging water reflects the blue sky. Kuomintang forced all the ships to transport "evacuated" personnel and materials, and sank all the ships that could not sail.<br />
<br />
And the Bund, the familiar Bund with many ships, was really silent. The surging water reflected the blue sky. Kuomintang forced all the ships to transport "evacuated" personnel and materials, and sank all the ships that could not sail.<br />
<br />
什么都没有留下啊,留下的只是毁灭性的灾难……<br />
<br />
Nothing was left behind, only a devastating disaster...<br />
<br />
Nothing was left behind, only a devastating disaster...<br />
<br />
有的同学改了行,而贝汉廷上了东北这艘小泵泵船。<br />
<br />
Some students changed their careers, but Bei Hanting got on this small “pump boat” in Northeast China.<br />
<br />
Some students changed their careers, but Bei Hanting got on this small "pump boat" in Northeast China.<br />
<br />
为什么叫泵泵船呢?因为一共不到一百吨,蒸汽机整天泵泵、泵泵地响着,一条小船上只有六个人,还是条漏水的船。每天吃的是咸菜、高粱米,却要日夜轮班用水泵把漏进来的水从船上抽出去。海上的风浪是颠簸的,贝汉廷先是吐食物,后是吐白沫,继而吐苦胆水,最后吐血,但他一边和同志们面对面地、一下一下啪嗒、 啪嗒地压着水泵,一边吐了吃、吃了吐地延续着自己的生命,并把生命交给船……<br />
<br />
Why was it called a pump boat? Because it was less than 100 tons in total, the steam engine sounded all day like a pump. There were only six people in a small boat, which was still leaking. They ate pickles and sorghum rice every day, but they had to pump the leaked water from the boat in shifts day and night. The boat flipped because of terrible wind and waves. Bei Hanting first spitted food, then foams at the mouth, then bile, and finally vomited blood. However, he and his partners pumped water out of the boat again and again, while vomiting, eating and spitting to extend their life, and giving it to the boat...<br />
<br />
Why was it called a pump boat? Because it weighed less than 100 tons in total, and the steam engine sounded all day like a pump. There were only six people in a small boat, which was still leaking. They ate pickles and sorghum rice every day, but they had to pump the leaked water from the boat in shifts day and night. The boat flipped because of terrible wind and waves. Bei Hanting first spitted food, then foams at the mouth, then bile, and finally vomited blood. However, he and his partners pumped water out of the boat again and again, while vomiting, eating and spitting to extend their life, and giving it to the boat...<br />
<br />
“是日本人吧?”<br />
<br />
"You are a Japanese, right?"<br />
<br />
"You are a Japanese, Right?"<br />
<br />
大地回春,乍暖还寒。新中国大规模的建设开始了。贝汉廷开始到一艘大船上当实习二副了。船长是个老派的船长,十分严格,每天板着面孔,不苟言笑,穿一身笔挺的制服,右手捏着一副雪白的手套。无论多么大的风雪,见习生也只许站在驾驶台外巡视海面,不许拿望远镜,又不许漏掉一个目标,否则就骂得你狗血喷头。姿势嘛!必须按照条例,手绝对不许插在兜里。零下二十摄氏度也不许吗？是的,不许!零下三十摄氏度呢？也不许!<br />
<br />
Spring returned with temperatures fluctuating between warm and cold. The large-scale construction of the People’s Republic of China began. Bei Hanting began to work as an intern Senior Officer on a big ship. The captain is old-school, strict, and discreet with a straight face every day. He was immaculately dressed with a pair of white gloves in his right hand. No matter how heavy the wind and snow were, trainees were only allowed to stand outside the bridge and patrol the sea. They were not allowed to take binoculars, and miss any targets, otherwise the captain would scold you. As for posture, you must never put your hands in your pockets, according to the regulations. Was it not allowed to do this below minus 20 degrees Celsius? Yes! What about minus 30 degrees Celsius? Nor was it allowed!<br />
<br />
Spring returned with temperatures fluctuating between warm and cold. The large-scale construction of the People’s Republic of China began. Bei Hanting began to work as an intern Senior Officer on a big ship. The captain was old-school, strict, and discreet with a straight face every day. He wore a well-ironed uniform with a pair of white gloves in his right hand. No matter how heavy the wind and snow were, trainees were only allowed to stand outside the bridge and patrol the sea. They were not allowed to take binoculars, and miss any targets, otherwise the captain would scold them. As for posture, they must never put their hands in their pockets, according to the regulations. Was it not allowed to do this below minus 20 degrees Celsius? Yes! What about minus 30 degrees Celsius? Nor was it allowed!<br />
<br />
冬季里只穿一条单裤的贝汉廷有一次实在受不住啦,回头看看没人,刚悄悄把手放进兜里暖暖,后边啪的一脚就踢过来了。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, who only wore a pair of trousers in winter, once couldn't stand it. Finding no one was in the back, he quietly put his hands in his pocket to warm up, and then the captain kicked his feet behind him.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, who only wore a pair of trousers in winter, once couldn't stand it. Finding no one was in the back, he quietly put his hands in his pocket to warm up, and then the captain kicked his feet behind him.<br />
<br />
“打人当然是不对的。”贝汉廷笑着说,“可我也真从他那里受到了严格的训练,学会了一丝不苟。”<br />
<br />
"It is certainly wrong to beat people." Bei Hanting said with a smile, "But I really got strict training from him and learned to be meticulous."<br />
<br />
"It is certainly wrong to beat people." Bei Hanting said with a smile, "But I really got strict training from him and learned to be meticulous."<br />
<br />
俗话说“严师出高徒”,而严师也多半是爱高徒的。那个老船长从来没正眼看过贝汉廷一眼,但在挑选二副时,他点名要贝汉廷。他遭到了反对,但他力排众议：“贝汉廷。”又是一阵反对的浪潮。他却仍然是三个字:“贝汉廷!”<br />
<br />
As the saying goes, "A strict teacher nurtures a high-level apprentice", and a strict teacher mostly loves a high-level apprentice. The old captain never paid attention to Bei Hanting, but when selecting the Senior Officer, he named Bei Hanting. He was opposed, but he tried hard to refute and eliminate opposing opinions to maintain his stance: "Bei Hanting." It was another wave of opposition. He still said that name: "Bei Hanting!"<br />
<br />
As the saying goes, "A strict teacher nurtures a high-level apprentice", and a strict teacher mostly loves the high-level apprentice. The old captain never paid attention to Bei Hanting, but when selecting the Senior Officer, he named Bei Hanting. He was opposed, but he tried hard to refute and eliminate opposing opinions to maintain his stance: "Bei Hanting." There was another wave of opposition. He still said that name: "Bei Hanting!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷就这样当上了二副,然后就来到了广远公司,开始了远洋航行的那一天。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting became the Senior Officer in this way, and then came to Guangyuan Company and started the ocean voyage.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting became the Senior Officer in this way, and then came to Guangyuan Company and started the ocean voyage.<br />
<br />
当船长的幸福贝汉廷今天已记不清了。他记得最清楚的却是当船长的痛苦, 那就是:只要他在海外显示出一点文化教养和科学水平,外国人就要问他:“是日本人吧?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting has lost count of the happiness of being a captain today. What he remembers most clearly is the pain of being a captain, that is, as long as he shows a little educational background and scientific knowledge overseas, foreigners will ask him: "You are a Japanese, right?"<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting has lost count of the happiness of being a captain today. What he remembers most clearly is the pain of being a captain, that is, as long as he shows a little educational background and scientific knowledge overseas, foreigners will ask him: "You are a Japanese, right?"<br />
<br />
有一次,在鹿特丹港,一个领港员因为船上一水是中国人而有意刁难,把舵令用英语说得又快又流利,贝汉廷就迎上去和他用英语对话。领港改用法语,贝汉廷也改用法语,然后有意识地用意大利语和西班牙语向领港员问话。<br />
<br />
On one occasion, in Port of Rotterdam, a pilot deliberately created difficulties because the able seaman (AB) on board was Chinese. He spoke rudder orders quickly and fluently in English, so Bei Hanting talked with him in English. The pilot changed to French, Bei Hanting also changed to French, and then he consciously questioned the pilot in Italian and Spanish.<br />
<br />
On one occasion, at the Port of Rotterdam, a pilot deliberately created difficulties because the able seaman (AB) on board was Chinese. He spoke rudder orders quickly and fluently in English, so Bei Hanting talked with him in English. The pilot changed to French, Bei Hanting also changed to French, and then he consciously questioned the pilot in Italian and Spanish.<br />
<br />
这个领港员回答不上来了,却说：“你的一水不行。”<br />
<br />
The pilot couldn't answer, so he said, "Your able seaman is not good."<br />
<br />
The pilot couldn't answer, so he said, "Your able seaman is not good."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷装没听见,他连说三次,贝汉廷火了,说：“你怎么知道他不行?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting pretended not to hear. He said it three times in a row. Bei Hanting became angry and said, "How do you know he is not skilled?"<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting pretended not to hear. He said it three times in a row. Bei Hanting became angry and said, "How do you know he is not skilled?"<br />
<br />
“反应太慢。”<br />
<br />
"His reaction is too slow."<br />
<br />
"His reaction is too slow."<br />
<br />
“那是你没有必要地说得太快,舵令叫得不清楚。”<br />
<br />
"That's because you speak too fast, which is not necessary at all, so the rudder orders don't sound clear."<br />
<br />
"That's because you speak too fast, which is not necessary at all, so the rudder orders don't sound clear."<br />
<br />
“我要求你换人。”<br />
<br />
"I ask you to change your able seaman."<br />
<br />
"I ask you to change your able seaman."<br />
<br />
“他是我船上最好的水手。”<br />
<br />
"He is the best sailor on my ship."<br />
<br />
"He is the best sailor on my ship."<br />
<br />
“中国人没ー个操舵操得好的。”<br />
<br />
"All Chinese people don't steer well."<br />
<br />
"All Chinese people don't steer well."<br />
<br />
“各国港口的领港员都说他好,只有你一个人说他不行。”<br />
<br />
"The pilots of ports in various countries say he is good, and you are the only one who says he can't do it."<br />
<br />
"All pilots of ports in various countries say he is good, and you are the only one who says he is not good."<br />
<br />
“我要求下船。”<br />
<br />
"I demand to disembark."<br />
<br />
"I demand to disembark."<br />
<br />
“可以。三副!立即送他下去。拿来!”<br />
<br />
"Yes. Junior Officer! Send him down at once. Bring it!"<br />
<br />
"Ok. Junior Officer! Send him down at once. Bring it!"<br />
<br />
“什么?”<br />
<br />
"What?"<br />
<br />
"What?"<br />
<br />
“你的派司。我要在你的引水单上注明,你是一个不合格的引水员,不能给船舶提供良好的协作,从此以后不欢迎你到任何一条中国船上领港。我很遗憾,但看来只好如此了,派司,请!”<br />
<br />
"Your pass. I want to indicate on your application for pilot that you are an unqualified pilot and can't collaborate well with ships. From now on, you are not welcome to pilot any Chinese ship. I'm sorry, but it seems that we have to do so. Your pass, please!"<br />
<br />
"Your pass. I want to indicate on your application for pilot that you are an unqualified pilot and can't collaborate well with ships. From now on, you are not welcome to pilot any Chinese ship. I'm sorry, but it seems that we have to do so. Your pass, please!"<br />
<br />
面对如此强硬的船长,那个领港员咕噜了几句,再也不响了。<br />
<br />
Facing such a tough master, the pilot muttered a few words and never did this again.<br />
<br />
Facing such a tough master, the pilot muttered a few words and never did this again.<br />
<br />
船进了港口,贝汉廷签证了引水单,并没有加任何批注,那位傲慢的引水员十分感激;而那个被船长保护过来的一水,噙着泪水咬着牙,从此日夜念英文……（I changed 嚙 with 噙）<br />
<br />
When the ship entered the port, Bei Hanting signed the application for pilot without any comment, and the arrogant pilot was very grateful. For the able seaman protected by the captain, he bit the bullet and read English day and night after that...<br />
<br />
When the ship entered the port, Bei Hanting signed the application for pilot without any comment, and the arrogant pilot was very grateful. For the able seaman protected by the captain, he bit the bullet and read English day and night after that...<br />
<br />
蓝色的梦<br />
<br />
Blue Dreams<br />
<br />
Blue Dreams<br />
<br />
正当我国海员在全世界各个港口赢得尊敬,我国远洋事业蓬勃发展的时刻,“文化大革命”开始了。林彪、江青等人互相勾结,从文艺界杀出来,砸烂公检法之 后,开始有步骤、有计划地在各条战线夺权。<br />
<br />
Just when our seafarers won respect in various ports all over the world and our ocean-going business flourished, the Cultural Revolution began. Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and others colluded with each other, caused many deaths in literary and art circles, destroyed the public security inspection law, and began to seize power on all fronts step by step and in a planned way.<br />
<br />
Just when our seafarers won respect in ports all over the world and our ocean-going business flourished, the "Cultural Revolution" began. Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and others colluded with each other, caused many deaths in literary and art circles, destroyed the public security inspection law, and began to seize power on all fronts step by step and in a planned way.<br />
<br />
贝汉廷在休假中突然被通知到广州集合。他以海员的速度按时到达,去接受新的任务。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was suddenly informed to gather in Guangzhou during his vacation. He arrived on time at the speed of seafarers to accept new tasks.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was suddenly informed to gather in Guangzhou during his vacation. He arrived on time at the speed of seafarers to accept new tasks.<br />
<br />
但是,并没有任务,却让他进了学习班。<br />
<br />
However, there was no task. He was forced to attend classes learning the Maoism.<br />
<br />
However, there was no task. He was forced to attend classes learning the Maoism.<br />
<br />
学习班都是熟人,我国开创远洋事业的不少老船长、老大副都来了。老朋友久 别重逢,十分开心,各路兵马摩拳擦掌,准备大干ー场。可是一笑容慢慢冻结在脸上了。怎么?走路要排队,吃饭也要排队,寄信要请假,说话还有人监督……军宣队宣布全面接管,难道变成了国民党俘虏?<br />
<br />
There were all acquaintances in this class, like many old captains and Chief Officers who started the ocean-going business in China. Old friends were glad to meet again after a long separation, and they were gearing up for a big fight. But a smile slowly froze on their faces. What happened? You had to queue up when you walk, when you eat. You had to take a personal day off when you sent a letter, and there were people to supervise when you speak... The propaganda team promoting Maoism claimed that it will manage them. So, did they become Kuomintang’s captives?<br />
<br />
There were all acquaintances in this class, like many old captains and Chief Officers who started the ocean-going business in China. Old friends were glad to meet again after a long separation, and they were gearing up for a big fight. But a smile slowly froze on their faces. What happened? You had to queue up when you walk, and when you eat. You had to take a personal day off when you would send a letter, and there were people to supervise when you spoke... The propaganda team promoting Maoism claimed that it would manage them. So, did they become Kuomintang’s captives?<br />
<br />
唉！贝汉廷哪里知道,林彪、“四人帮”的革命理论就是:越是有功越要整,越是有成绩越是修正主义。他们所谓的革命就是要革革过命的人的命。<br />
<br />
Alas! Bei Hanting didn’t know that the revolutionary theory of Lin Biao and the Gang of Four was that the more achievements you have, the more revisionism you have. What they called revolution was to kill those who had great contributions to our country.<br />
<br />
Alas! Bei Hanting didn’t know that the revolutionary theory of Lin Biao and the "Gang of Four" was that the more achievements you had, the more revisionism you had. What they called revolution was to kill those who had great contributions to our country.<br />
<br />
现在看来,真是比绕口令还绕口令!迷信、愚昧到了令人抬不起头的程度。但那时,贝汉廷也像中国大多数革命者一样,十分虔诚地检查自己的不足,俯首赎罪……<br />
<br />
Now, it seems that it is ironic! Superstition and ignorance have made people so embarrassed. But at that time, Bei Hanting, like most Chinese revolutionaries, examined his shortcomings very piously and bowed his head to atone for his sins...<br />
<br />
Now, it seems that it was ironic! Superstition and ignorance had made people so embarrassed. But at that time, Bei Hanting, like most Chinese revolutionaries, examined his shortcomings very piously and bowed his head to atone for his sins...<br />
<br />
首先出来抵制的又是我们的总理。总理说:“如果我们开创远洋事业的骨干都修了,远洋事业的大好形势从哪里来的?”多么无可辩驳,多么义正词严!可是林彪、江青那一伙人哪里听总理的,总理正是他们要打倒的主要目标哩!<br />
<br />
It was our prime minister who came out to oppose first. The prime minister said: "If the backbone of our ocean-going business has been fired, how does the bright future of ocean-going business come from?" How irrefutable, how righteous! But Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and their gang members didn’t listen to the Prime Minister, because he was the main target they want to overthrow!<br />
<br />
It was our prime minister who came out to oppose first. The prime minister said: "If the backbone of our ocean-going business has been fired, how does the bright future of ocean-going business come from?" How irrefutable, how righteous! But Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and their gang members didn’t listen to the Prime Minister, because he was the main target they wanted to overthrow!<br />
<br />
于是读语录,谈话;谈话,读语录;逼供,诱供;进隔离室,出隔离室……从追“拍照”到“送情报”,最后发展到追他“里通外国”。本来嘛,搞远洋运输的还能不里通外国?<br />
<br />
So they had to read quotations and have a conversation with the propaganda team again and again; they had to experience forced confessions or be trapped to make a confession; they had to be isolated in a room... From Bei’s pictures in the radar station, they thought he gave intelligence to other countries, and finally they thought he conspired with foreign countries. Originally, can those who engage in ocean transportation not communicate with foreign countries?<br />
<br />
So they had to read quotations and have a conversation with the propaganda team again and again; they had to experience forced confessions or be trapped to make a confession; they had to be isolated in a room... From Bei’s pictures in the radar station, they thought he gave intelligence to other countries, and finally they thought he conspired with foreign countries. Originally, could those who engage in ocean transportation not communicate with foreign countries?<br />
<br />
但世界上的事就是这么不可思议,事物的规律就是这样不可抗拒,他们纲上得越高,贝汉廷就越轻松,到追查里通外国的什么“照片”时,他早已从晕眩到清醒, 由虔诚而呼呼大睡起来了…… <br />
<br />
But things in the world were so strange, and the laws of things were so irresistible. The more they talked about politics, the easier it is for Bei Hanting. By the time they traced the photos of conspiring with foreign countries, he has already gone from dizziness to sobriety, and fell asleep from piety...<br />
<br />
But things in the world were so strange, and the laws of things were so irresistible. The more they talked about politics, the easier it was for Bei Hanting. By the time they traced the photos of conspiring with foreign countries, he had already gone from dizziness to sobriety, and fell asleep from piety...<br />
<br />
总理毕竟是他们夺权不可逾越的障碍。就像文艺界的大批骨干被总理保护下来送到部队农场“改造”一样,远洋事业的这批骨干也被保护下来,送到航道局看航标、挖河泥去了。<br />
<br />
After all, the prime minister was an insurmountable obstacle to their seizure of power. Just as a large number of backbones in the literary and art circles were protected by the Prime Minister and sent to the army farm for the Down to the Countryside Movement, these backbones in the ocean-going business were also protected and sent to the Waterway Bureau to monitor navigation marks and dig river mud.<br />
<br />
After all, the prime minister was an insurmountable obstacle for them to seize power. Just as a large number of backbones in the literary and art circles were protected by the Prime Minister and sent to the army farm for the "Down to the Countryside Movement", these backbones in the ocean-going business were also protected and sent to the Waterway Bureau to monitor navigation marks and dig river mud.<br />
<br />
挖河泥,上海人叫“闌河泥”,贝汉廷和他的伙伴们带着流血的心和解除隔离的欣慰,看起航标,罱起河泥来……（I changed 闌 with 罱）<br />
<br />
Digging (挖) river mud is called digging (罱) river mud by residents in Shanghai. Bei Hanting and his friends monitored navigation marks and dug river mud with bleeding hearts and relief from isolation...<br />
<br />
Digging (挖) river mud is called digging (罱) river mud by residents in Shanghai. Bei Hanting and his friends monitored navigation marks and dug river mud with bleeding hearts and relief from isolation...<br />
<br />
贝汉廷毕竟是贝汉廷,在看航标罱河泥的小船上当三副,专管伙食事务,仍然年年被评为先进。（I changed 闌 with 罱）<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, after all, was capable. He was the Junior Officer in the boat monitoring navigation marks and digging river mud, and was responsible for food affairs. And he was still rated as advanced Individual every year.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, after all, was capable. He was the Junior Officer in the boat monitoring navigation marks and digging river mud, and was responsible for food affairs. And he was still rated as advanced Individual every year.<br />
<br />
他从来没过过这样清闲的日子,用他爱人的话说:结婚二十年,在家的日子加 起来ー共不到两年。现在,每天开开单据,报报账,下了班就可以回家,骑着脚踏 车,从路边上买点螃蟹鱼虾,晚上和妻子儿女ー起听听音乐……<br />
<br />
He has never lived such a leisurely life. In the words of his lover, he has been married for 20 years, but his days at home added up to less than two years. Now, he invoiced people and reported accounts every day. He can go home after work, ride a bicycle, buy some fish from the roadside, and listen to music with his wife and children at night...<br />
<br />
He had never lived such a leisurely life. In the words of his lover, he had been married for 20 years, but his days at home added up to less than two years. Now, he invoiced people and reported accounts every day. He could go home after work, ride a bicycle, buy some fish from the roadside, and listen to music with his wife and children at night...<br />
<br />
这在一般人看来是求之不得的幸福啊！可是,他哭了。这个从来没哭过的汉子,他哭了。<br />
<br />
This was a desirable happiness in the eyes of ordinary people! However, he cried. Before that, this man who has never cried.<br />
<br />
This was a desirable happiness in the eyes of ordinary people! However, he cried. Before that, this man who had never cried.<br />
<br />
他哭了,不是因为邻居的眼色,这个从南市来的孩子从小见惯了各种各样冷漠和怀疑的眼色。<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the neighbors’ dirty looks. The boy from Nanshi was used to all kinds of indifferent and dubious looks.<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the neighbors' dirty looks. The boy from Nanshi was used to all kinds of indifferent and dubious looks.<br />
<br />
他哭了,不是因为路人的歧视,这个在各国港口为中国争取到荣誉的海员,有的是对付歧视的办法。<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the discrimination of passers-by. This seaman who won honor for China in ports of various countries had plenty of ways to deal with discrimination. <br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the discrimination of passers-by. This seaman who won honor for China in ports of various countries had plenty of ways to deal with discrimination.<br />
<br />
他哭了,不是因为亲人们一妻子儿女,特别是哥哥,那个一心一意支持他走上这条路的哥哥的质问。虽然他们疑虑的视线在他心上织起了灰色的和有罪的雾似的迷网……<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the questioning of his relatives, his wife and children, especially his brother, who wholeheartedly supported him to be a seaman. Although their suspicious eyes woven a gray and guilty mist-like puzzle in his heart...<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the questioning of his relatives, his wife and children, especially his brother, who wholeheartedly supported him to be a seaman. Although their suspicious eyes woven a gray and guilty mist-like puzzle in his heart...<br />
<br />
但,他不是为这些哭的。他哭,是为了他的梦,他的蓝色的梦。<br />
<br />
But that's not why he cried. He cried for his dreams, his blue dreams.<br />
<br />
But that was not why he cried. He cried for his dreams, his blue dreams.<br />
<br />
他是这样思念大海,他的梦也尽是蓝色的。当他坐在小船三副的办公桌前想起他的波涛汹涌的大海时,他心如刀绞。<br />
<br />
He missed the sea so much, and his dreams were all blue. When he sat at the desk of the Junior Officer of the boat and thought of his rough sea, his heart was torn out.<br />
<br />
He missed the sea so much, and his dreams were all blue. When he sat at the desk of the Junior Officer of the boat and thought of his rough sea, his heart was torn out.<br />
<br />
他仍然喜欢独自在黄埔滩头倚栏沉思。每当他看见自己驾驶过的“桂林”“友好”“九江”号从他眼前驶过时,他的心狂跳,他像孩子ー样大哭了。他感到它们是那么的漂亮,真是美极了。在他当它们船长的时候,他从来没像今天看它们那样感到漂亮。而今天,当他被活活地从它们身上撕开,目送着它们仪态万方地姗姗远去时,他怎能不泪如雨下……<br />
<br />
He still liked to meditate alone on the beachhead of Huangpu. Whenever he saw the Guilin, the Friendship and Jiujiang he had driven passing by his eyes, his heart beat wildly and he cried like a child. He felt that they were so beautiful. When he was their captain, he never thought them so beautiful when he saw them today. Today, when he had to separate with them and watch them go away with great grace, how could he not burst into a flood of tears...<br />
<br />
He still liked to meditate alone on the beachhead of Huangpu. Whenever he saw the "Guilin", the "Friendship" and "Jiujiang" he had driven passing by his eyes, his heart beat wildly and he cried like a child. He felt that they were so beautiful. When he was their captain, he never thought them as beautiful as he saw them today. But today, when he had to separate with them and watch them go away with great grace, how could he not burst into a flood of tears...<br />
<br />
他的泪水在羞辱的愤怒中干涸了。那是当他听见“四人帮”改朝换代后派出 的有的船员竟在外国人面前把“twelve”说成“ onetwo”的时候;是当他听说“四人帮”派出的“小兄弟”有失国体地在外国百货公司偷人一双袜子的时候;是知道那些打砸抢的“英雄”们竟在外国港口的垃圾箱里拾破烂的时候……<br />
<br />
His tears dried up in a rage that was triggered by humiliation. That was when he heard that some crew members sent by the Gang of Four after the regime change said "twelve" as "onetwo" to foreigners; It was when he heard that sidekicks sent by the Gang of Four stole a pair of socks from foreign department stores, which tarnished the honor of our country; It was when he knew that the "heroes" who smashed and looted actually picked up junk in garbage bins in foreign ports...<br />
<br />
His tears dried up in a rage that was triggered by humiliation. That was when he heard that some crew members sent by the "Gang of Four" after the regime change said "twelve" as "onetwo" to foreigners; It was when he heard that "sidekicks" sent by the "Gang of Four" stole a pair of socks from foreign department stores, which tarnished the honor of our country; It was when he knew that the "heroes" who smashed and looted actually picked up junk in garbage bins in foreign ports...<br />
<br />
愤怒把泪水烧干了,但蓝色的梦依然是蓝色的。他怀着钢铁的意志,钢铁的决心,他要回到大海上去。他会回到大海上去的!于是他咬着牙在自己的航海笔记的扉页上写下“勤笔密思”四个字。他重新挺起了胸,点燃了深夜的灯,通宵达旦地啃起《海上保险》《国际海商法》《海上救助》和各种国际航运法规、各国港口资料来了…… <br />
<br />
Anger burns tears dry, but blue dreams are still blue. Having nerves of steel, he wanted to go back to the sea. He will go back to the sea! So he gritted his teeth and wrote the words " Writing Diligently and Thinking Usually" on the title page of his sailing notes. He stood up again, lit the lights in the middle of the night, and read ''Marine Insurance'', ''International Maritime Law'', ''Maritime Rescue'' and various international shipping laws and regulations, and port information of various countries all night...<br />
<br />
Anger burned tears dry, but blue dreams were still blue. With nerves of steel, he wanted to go back to the sea. He would go back to the sea! So he gritted his teeth and wrote the words "Writing Diligently and Thinking Usually" on the title page of his sailing notes. He stood up again, lit the lights in the middle of the night, and read ''Marine Insurance'', ''International Maritime Law'', ''Maritime Rescue'' and various international shipping laws and regulations, and port information of various countries all night...<br />
<br />
伦敦港的友谊<br />
<br />
Friendship in the Port of London<br />
<br />
Friendship in the Port of London<br />
<br />
"Who is the captain?"<br />
<br />
"I'm the master."<br />
<br />
他果然回到了大海,但这已是一个新的贝汉廷。<br />
<br />
He really returned to the sea, but this is a new Bei Hanting.<br />
<br />
如果说过去他只是一个业务熟练的船长,那么,今天他是一个满怀信心的主人。Master的含意在十年政治风暴的锤炼中,重心有了令人欣喜的转移,而这双重含意在他身上竟是如此和谐、统一。<br />
<br />
If he used to be just a skillful captain, today he is a confident master. The meaning of Master has been richer due to the political storm in the past ten years, and the focus has a happy shift, but the two meanings is so harmonious and unified in him.<br />
<br />
这里,我只想讲一个小故事,那就是——伦敦港的友谊。<br />
<br />
Here, I just want to tell a short story, that is, the friendship in the Port of London.<br />
<br />
有一次,“汉川号”配载200吨滑石粉到伦敦港卸货,途中收到了公司电报:伦敦港最近规定,不卸滑石粉。为什么?不知道,这是新规定。<br />
<br />
On one occasion, the Hanchuan loaded 200 tons of talcum powder to the Port of London for unloading, but received a telegram from the company on the way: the Port of London recently stipulated that talcum powder should not be unloaded. Why? They don't know. It's a new rule.<br />
<br />
公司远隔万里,可以不知道。但200吨滑石粉压在贝汉廷的冷藏舱盖上,舱里还有送到伦敦的各种冷冻货。滑石粉不让卸,别的货也取不出来,到前边中转,运费要超过货物本身的价值。贝汉廷决定,船仍直驶伦敦港。船一到港,他立即彬彬有礼地去拜访代理、卸货组长、工头、工人……摸清了不卸滑石粉的由来。原来是一个工人看报时偶然发现了一篇化学家署名的文章,分析滑石粉的结构,如此这般,这般如此,作用于人体,就要引起癌症。这个工人在他的工班一说,癌症,这还了得!几个工班一商议,向工会提出:从此不卸滑石粉。特别是中国的,因为包装不好,运输时又马虎,纸袋压得尽是裂缝,卸起来粉末飞扬,不要说卸,工人连手都不愿摸……<br />
<br />
The company was thousands of miles away, so it was reasonable. However, 200 tons of talcum powder was pressed on the cover of the refrigerated hatch, and there were various frozen goods sent to London in the hatch. Talcum powder was not allowed to be unloaded, and other goods can't be taken out. If you sail to the stopping point, the freight will exceed the value of the goods themselves. So, Bei Hanting decided that the ship would still go straight to the Port of London. As soon as the ship arrived in port, he courteously visited the agent, the unloading team leader, the foreman, workers... By doing so, he found out the reason of not unloading talcum powder. It turned out that a worker accidentally discovered an article signed by a chemist while reading a newspaper, analyzing the structure of talcum powder. If it acts on human body, it will cause cancer. The worker said this in his work class, which caused a great sensation! After several rounds of deliberation, it was proposed to the trade union that talcum powder should not be unloaded from now on. Especially that from China, because the packaging was not good, and the transportation was sloppy, the paper bags were full of cracks, so the powder would fly when unloaded. Workers were unwilling to touch it, not to mention unloading... <br />
<br />
啊!原来如此!贝汉廷立即请代理到船上做客。畅叙别情,举杯问候夫人健康,谈英国绘画的新发展,从背诵莎士比亚的片段谈到流行的扭摆舞对青年的影响……谈得十分融洽。代理告别时说:“在港口,有什么困难,只管找我。”贝汉廷长叹一声:“困难是有哇,可不能告诉别人。”代理马上伸过手来,与贝汉廷紧握: “绝不,到我为止。”<br />
<br />
Ah! That was the reason! Bei Hanting immediately invited an agent to be a guest on board. He talked freely, from greeting his wife's health, the new development of English painting, reciting Shakespeare's excerpts to the influence of popular twist dance on young people. When the agent left, he said "If you have any difficulties in the port, just ask me." Bei Hanting sighed: "There are difficulties, but you can't tell others." The agent immediately reached out and clasped his hands: "No, I will help you."<br />
<br />
“我带来了滑石粉。”<br />
<br />
"I brought talcum powder."<br />
<br />
“知道,不就200吨吗?”<br />
<br />
"I know. Isn't it just 200 tons?"<br />
<br />
“可我因为怕压坏,装在了冷藏舱盖上。”<br />
<br />
"But I put it on the refrigerated hatch cover because I am afraid of crushing it."<br />
<br />
“糟糕！这可怎么办?”<br />
<br />
"Oops! What can I do?"<br />
<br />
“我想和工头谈谈。”<br />
<br />
"I want to talk to the foreman."<br />
<br />
“交情深吗?不深——这样吧,我先和工会的负责人谈谈,请他来看你。”<br />
<br />
"Are you on intimate terms with him? No? Let me talk to the person in charge of the trade union first and ask him to come to see you."<br />
<br />
“我去拜访他!”<br />
<br />
"I'll visit him!"<br />
<br />
工会的负责人把头摇得像拨浪鼓一样:“这是工人的权利,工会坚决支持。”<br />
<br />
The head of the trade union shook his head like a rattle: "This is the right of workers, and the trade union firmly supports it."<br />
<br />
“别的港口都没这项规定呢!”<br />
<br />
"There is no such rule in other ports!"<br />
<br />
“本港对工人劳动保护特别注意。”<br />
<br />
"Our port pays special attention to the labor protection of workers."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷承认确实如此,并且列举了伦敦港工会的种种成绩。他是那样如数家珍,说得工会负责人心里热乎乎的,至于卸滑石粉的劳动保护吗,“汉川号”愿意提供一切条件,口罩、面具……工会负责人说:“那么……也许……我试ー试!”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting admitted that and listed the achievements of the Trade Union of the Port of London. He was so familiar with these achievements that the person in charge of the trade union was touched. As for the labor protection for unloading talcum powder, workers in the Hanchuan were willing to provide all equipment, like masks and respirators... He said: "Then... maybe... I will try!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“只要先生愿意帮忙,一定成功。先生知道伦敦的商人为什么远程购买滑石粉吗?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "As long as you is willing to help, you will succeed. Do you know why businessmen in London buy talcum powder remotely?"<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“因为我国青岛出产的滑石粉质量好,包装也好。我又装在舱盖上,一点没有破裂……先生知道滑石粉是做什么的吗?是做化妆品的。香粉,脂粉,高级化妆品呀！贵国的妇女那么美丽,从古到今都擦粉,但她们是多么健康!”<br />
<br />
"Because the talcum powder produced in Qingdao has good quality and good packaging. And I put it on the hatch cover, so it doesn’t break at all... Do you know what talcum powder is made for, sir? It can make cosmetics. Rouge and powder are high-grade cosmetics! Women in your country are so beautiful because they use this products from ancient times to the present, but how healthy they are!"<br />
<br />
工会负责人紧板的面孔开始有了一丝笑意。<br />
<br />
The tight expression of the head of the trade union changed, and he cracked a smile.<br />
<br />
“贵国亲友相会,都有接吻的习惯。算算,你们一天要接触多少香粉——多少滑石粉,而你们又是多么健康！”<br />
<br />
"When friends and relatives meet in your country, they all have the habit of kissing. Think about it. How much fragrant powder and talcum powder you need to touch every day. But how healthy you are!"<br />
<br />
“哈哈……”在场的人不由得都哈哈大笑了。<br />
<br />
"Haha..." All the people on the scene couldn't help laughing.<br />
<br />
“那么,允许我去找工人们谈谈?”贝汉廷说。<br />
<br />
"So, do you allow me to talk to the workers?" Bei Hanting asked.<br />
<br />
“不,我去,还是我去好。”工会负责人匆匆走了。<br />
<br />
"No, I'll go. It’s better if I talk to them." The head of the union hurried away.<br />
<br />
贝汉廷提心吊胆地从窗口望着甲板,看见工会负责人到工人群中拍肩打膀地说着,说着……突然,从工人中爆发出那样舒心的大笑,他们简直笑得前仰后合了。贝汉廷这一颗心才落到了胸膛里。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting looked at the deck from the window nervously, and saw the head of the trade union clapping others’ shoulders and talking among the workers... Suddenly, such a comfortable laughter broke out from the workers, and they almost laughed their heads off. Seeing this, Bei Hanting was at ease.<br />
<br />
代理对他跷起大拇指:“真行啊,Captain贝!”<br />
<br />
The agent gave him a thumbs up: "Really good, Captain Bei!"<br />
<br />
他说:“全靠你们老朋友。”<br />
<br />
He said, "It's all up to your old friends."<br />
<br />
“为什么你还不高兴?”<br />
<br />
"Why are you still unhappy?"<br />
<br />
“我还有事求你帮忙,又不好开口。”<br />
<br />
"I still have something to ask you for help, and it is difficult to speak."<br />
<br />
“说!”<br />
<br />
"Just say it!"<br />
<br />
“我们还有好多艘船都载着滑石粉呢!”<br />
<br />
"We still have many ships carrying talcum powder!"<br />
<br />
代理双手齐摇:“就你这一船,我的脑袋差点没裂开。”<br />
<br />
The agent waved his hands: "Even if there is only one ship with talcum powder, my head almost crack."<br />
<br />
“但道理不是一样吗?”<br />
<br />
"But it makes sense for all ships."<br />
<br />
“你何必管别人的船呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why do you care about other people's ships?"<br />
<br />
“因为都挂着五星红旗呀!”<br />
<br />
"Because they all hang the National Flag of the People's Republic of China!"<br />
<br />
代理挠挠头:“那……我去试试。”<br />
<br />
The agent scratched his head: "Then... I'll try it."<br />
<br />
“一定成功,英国工人是最讲道理的。”<br />
<br />
"It must be successful. British workers are the most reasonable."<br />
<br />
经过反复磋商,终于成功了。从此,凡是挂着五星红旗船上的滑石粉,只要包装不破,伦敦港一律管卸。<br />
<br />
After repeated consultations, it finally succeeded. From then on, all talcum powder on ships with the National Flag of the People's Republic of China will be unloaded in the Port of London as long as the packaging is not broken.<br />
<br />
我在这里不想叙述因此每条船每个航次为国家节约了多少外汇,因为读者们比我算得更清楚,那是数以万计十万计……我只想说:十年的政治风浪怎样使贝汉廷完成了从一个船长到一个主人的飞跃。因为他时时想着我们的人民——在各条战线上的每个主人十年沉思的伟大力量。正是它,在推动他不断地向前,向前……<br />
<br />
I don't want to describe how much foreign exchange has been saved for the country by each ship and voyage, because readers know better than me. That is more than tens of thousands... I just want to say: How did Bei Hanting make a leap from a captain to a master after ten years of political storms. Because he always thinks about our people. This is the great power of ten years' meditation of every master on all fronts. It is this power that pushes him forward...<br />
<br />
“邓小平式的船长”<br />
<br />
"A Deng Xiaoping-style Captain"<br />
<br />
中美建交,邓小平同志访问美国引起了巨大的轰动。<br />
<br />
When the diplomatic relations between China and the United States was established, Comrade Deng Xiaoping's visit to the United States caused a great sensation.<br />
<br />
中美航线打通了。好钢用在刀刃上,公司把首航美国的任务交给了贝汉廷,把他调到“柳林海号”。<br />
<br />
The Sino-US air route has been developed. Just like good steel should be used to make blades, talents should also be dispatched to do indispensable things. So the company gave Bei Hanting the task of sailing across the United States the first time and transferred him to the LIULINHAI.<br />
<br />
但在“汉川号”的航线上,几乎各个港口都打听Captarn贝。有的转达港口的问候,有的诉说朋友的思念,有的跷起大拇指,有的说:“你们中国的船长都像他就好了。”<br />
<br />
However, on the route of the Hanchuan, almost people in every port inquired about Captarn Bei. Some conveyed greetings from the port; some told friends' longing for him; some raised their thumbs, and some said, "I wish you Chinese captains are like him."<br />
<br />
“汉川号”实习船长、大副甄永祥同志告诉我:汉堡港的理货组长库克和装卸公司的威利先生干脆说贝汉廷是“邓小平式的船长” 。<br />
<br />
Comrade Zhen Yongxiang, the intern captain and Chief Officer of the Hanchuan, told me that Cook, the tally leader of the Port of Hamburg, and Mr. Willie of the Stevedoring Company even said that Bei Hanting was a "Deng Xiaoping-style captain".<br />
<br />
为什么库克先生们给他这样高的评价?只是因为邓小平首访美国,他首航美国的偶然机缘吗?当然不是!<br />
<br />
Why did Mr. Cook think highly of him? Is it just because of Deng Xiaoping's first visit to the United States and his maiden voyage to the United States by chance? Of course not!<br />
<br />
大副和水手们津津有味地给我讲开了故事:<br />
<br />
The Chief Officer and the sailors told me the story with relish:<br />
<br />
有一次,“汉川号”将到亚历山大港卸货。这个港口在苏伊士运河入口处,经常停泊着上百条等待泊位的各国船只,搞不好一等就得几十天。于是,贝汉廷在途中就接二连三地给港口代理打电话,以便让“汉川号”这三个字一再冲击所有有关人员的脑细胞,加深他们的印象。并且他翻检了自己记忆的仓库和笔记本,理清了这个港口必须打交道的一系列人物的姓名、年龄、脾气秉性、特殊爱好、办事方式……<br />
<br />
On one occasion, the Hanchuan unloaded at Alexandria, situating at the entrance of Suez Canal, where hundreds of ships from all over the world waited for berths, which may take several days. Therefore, Bei Hanting called the port agent many times on the way, so that the word "Hanchuan" could be remembered. And he went through his memory storehouse and notebook, and sorted out the names, ages, tempers, special hobbies and ways of doing things of many people that he must deal with in this port...<br />
<br />
抵港后,他就直奔港务局,拜访港务局长。他是那样熟悉地称呼着局长的名字,顺利地通过了门岗,又那样亲密地和港务局长谈着家常。当他最后提出要求快速装卸时,局长说:“怎么这样急?你们中国人从来不在乎船期。”他说:“谁说的? 我们现在要搞四化,分秒必争哩!”港务局长像老朋友似的望着他笑。于是他熟练地和所有打交道的人交往着,尽快地办好一切手续,穿过各国彩色缤纷的泊船,用 一句古话说:“扬帆远航” 了,节约了二十多天船期。多么灵活,闪电也似的进击,不像个船长,倒像个军事家。<br />
<br />
After arriving in the port, he went straight to the Port Authority to visit the Director of Port. He called the director's name deftly, so he passed the gate smoothly, and talked with the port director so intimately. When he finally asked for quick loading and unloading, the director said, "Why is it so urgent? You Chinese never care about the shipping schedule." He said, "Who said that? We must carry out the Four Modernizations now, so every minute counts!" The director looked at him like an old friend and smiled. So he skillfully interacted with all the people he dealt with, completed all the formalities as soon as possible, and went through colorful berthing ships of various countries. As an old saying goes, "Setting sail for a long voyage", which saved more than 20 days of sailing. How flexible he was! He took actions like lightning, which made him like a strategist, not a captain. <br />
<br />
同“汉川号”一起,我们从国外一共买了四条船。保修期间,发现冷藏舱上有“汗水”,浸湿了货物。贝船长拍下了现场的照片,又请各个港口的验货师签署了证明,还用油漆在船上标出了“汗水”的位置,要回厂求返修。<br />
<br />
We have bought four ships from abroad, including the Hanchuan. During the warranty period, it was found that on the refrigerated compartment was "sweat", which soaked the goods. Captain Bei took photos of the scene, asked the inspectors of various ports to sign the supporting materials, and marked the position of "sweat" on the ship with paint, so he could go back to the factory for repair.<br />
<br />
船厂工程师抱着几尺厚的设计资料翻给他看,满嘴数字、专用名词,就是不肯返修,并说已有两条船来过厂,他们在冷藏舱内侧打了200个洞,找不出问题,已签字同意不返修了。<br />
<br />
The shipyard engineer turned over the design data several Chi (Chi is a unit of length in China) thick to him, full of numbers and special terms, but he refused to repair it. He said that two ships had been to the factory, and they had made 200 holes in the inside of the refrigerated cabin, but could not find any problems, so they signed and agreed not to repair ships.<br />
<br />
“请你看我的船。”<br />
<br />
"Please look at my ship."<br />
<br />
“你的船,绝缘体是举世无双的优质品。”<br />
<br />
"The insulator in your ship is unparalleled quality products in the world."<br />
<br />
“举世无双的优质品却搞出了前所罕见的’汗水’。”<br />
<br />
"The unparalleled quality products in the world have produced a rare 'sweat '."<br />
<br />
“理论上找不出任何错误。”<br />
<br />
"No mistakes can be found in theory."<br />
<br />
“实践上就是‘汗水’浸坏了货物。”<br />
<br />
"In practice, 'sweat 'soaked the goods."<br />
<br />
工程师有成百上千条理论根据,但贝汉廷有一叠ー叠的现实照片,证人签单。<br />
<br />
Engineers had hundreds of theories, but Bei Hanting had stacks of photos and bills signed by witnesses.<br />
<br />
工程师火了:“找不出理论根据,就是不给修,这是国际惯例做法,合同上规定的。”<br />
<br />
The engineer was angry: "If you can't find a theoretical basis, I won't repair it. This is an international practice and stipulated in the contract."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷也火了:“放下你那几尺厚的资料!我拼上几夜不睡也要查出根据来,你吓唬不住我!”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was also angry: "Put down your data a few Chi thick! I will find out the basis even if I don't sleep for a few nights. You can't scare me!"<br />
<br />
工程师像海水一样莫测高深,但是贝汉廷却像礁石一样坚硬,于是海水退潮了,留下了资料。<br />
<br />
Engineers were as unfathomable as seawater, but Bei Hanting was as hard as a reef, so the seawater ebbed, leaving behind information.<br />
<br />
于是贝汉廷顽强地用血肉之躯去迎战冷冰冰的数据。这毕竟是专而又专的船舶冷藏业务啊！热学、力学、钢铁、绝缘……几十门学科。但血肉之躯也自有它的好处,那就是它有主观能动性。贝汉廷分析着各个不同的数据,寻找着规律,终于抓住了矛盾的牛鼻子。为什么在冷冻舱的各个部位绝缘体都是!80毫米厚,而横梁部分的绝缘体只有90毫米?差距有一倍,这合理吗?贝汉廷一下子跳了起来, 跑到冷藏舱实地对照,油漆的印痕条条排列。果然,“汗水”出在横梁部位……<br />
<br />
So Bei Hanting stubbornly confronted the cold data with his flesh and blood. After all, this was a ship refrigeration business, which was difficult for a layman to understand! Heat, mechanics, steel, insulation... dozens of disciplines. But a person also had its own advantages, that was, he had subjective initiative. Bei Hanting analyzed different data, looked for laws, and finally found the problem. Why were insulators in every part of the freezer 180 mm thick, while the insulator of the beam part was only 90 mm? Was it reasonable? Bei Hanting jumped up at once and ran to the refrigerator for field comparison. The marks of paint were arranged in strips. Sure enough, "sweat" came out of the beam...<br />
<br />
把工程师请了回来,工程师先是点头后是摇头:“没想到啊！没想到问题出在这里!”<br />
<br />
When the engineer was invited back, he first nodded and then shook his head: "I didn't expect it! I didn't expect the problem to be here!"<br />
<br />
怎么办?返修呗！船厂工人连续开了几个夜班,加铺了一层绝缘体,加铺了一层甲板。<br />
<br />
What to do? Repair it! Shipyard workers worked several night shifts in succession to lay an insulator and a deck.<br />
<br />
这条船修好了,其他的呢?工程师听也不要听。于是,贝汉廷去见总经理。<br />
<br />
This ship has been repaired. What about the others? Engineers didn’t even think about them. So Bei Hanting went to see the general manager.<br />
<br />
总经理说:“那两条船已经双方签过字,免修了。”<br />
<br />
The general manager said, "The two ships have been signed by both parties and are exempted from repair."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“但道理不是一样吗?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "But it makes sense for all ships?"<br />
<br />
总经理说:“你知道你这一条船返修用了我多少美金?上20万哩!”<br />
<br />
The general manager said, "Do you know how many dollars I spent on repairing your ship? Up to 200,000 dollars!"<br />
<br />
“我很抱歉,”贝汉廷说,“我知道四条船索赔,工厂损失是很大的。但如果不修好,那三条船在全世界航行,等于给你的厂做活广告。那样,你的损失不就更大了吗?”<br />
<br />
"I'm sorry," said Bei Hanting, "I know that if four ships claim compensation, the loss of the factory is very great. But if they are not repaired, those three ships will sail all over the world, which is equivalent to advertising your factory. Then, wouldn't your loss be even greater?"<br />
<br />
总经理先是摇头,后是点头,最后抬起头来打量这个个子小小的Captain贝,欣赏起这个好当家人来了。真是:第一流的头脑,外加一副铁腕,好一个铁腕人物啊! 四条船冷藏舱设备返修共花了船厂72万美金哩！<br />
<br />
The general manager shook his head first, then nodded, and finally looked up at the small Captain Bei and appreciated the good expert. He had excellent mind, powerful control. What a strong person! It costed the shipyard 720,000 US dollars to repair the refrigerated cabin equipment of the four ships!<br />
<br />
水手们还十分钦佩地讲起了大吊的故事:<br />
<br />
The sailors also told the story of the cargo handling gear with great admiration:<br />
<br />
在意大利,好像是热那亚港,港口当时正好没岸吊。过去都是借用船上的大吊,喏,用就用呗！好像是已成惯例了。但贝汉廷反复研究各港口的资料,发现那是不合理的。<br />
<br />
In Italy, it seems to be the Port of Genoa, which happened to have no shore tackle at that time. In the past, people in the Port of Genoa used to borrow the cargo handling gear on board. Well, it didn’t matter! It seemed to have become a routine. However, Bei Hanting repeatedly studied the data of various ports and found that it was unreasonable.<br />
<br />
于是他向代理提出:应由货主付费。代理说:“过去都不付呀!”<br />
<br />
So he proposed to the agent that the owner of goods should pay. The agent said, "They didn't pay in the past!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“但那是不合理的。”<br />
<br />
"But that doesn't make sense," Bei Hanting said.<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“你想,买这条船时,大吊是船价的十分之一。用了我的大吊,使了我的人工,磨损了我的钢缆……难道不付费是合理的吗?”<br />
<br />
"Think about it. When you buy a ship, the cargo handling gear is one tenth of the price of the ship. They used my gear, needed my seamen and worn my steel cable... Is it reasonable not to pay?"<br />
<br />
“是不够合理。那好,我去和货主谈谈。”第二天代理来讲,货主同意了,因为 他如不同意付大吊费,他就得到港口申请岸吊,同样得付费用,而且还得等着调配。<br />
<br />
"It’s not reasonable enough. Well, I'll talk to the owner." The next day, the agent said, the owner agreed, because if he didn't agree to pay the fee, he had to go to the port to apply for shore tackle, so he had to pay the same fee, and wait for the deployment.<br />
<br />
第一次大吊费拿到了,有好几万外汇呢!拿到之后,贝汉廷立刻要求以书面形式,将它作为制度固定下来。<br />
<br />
For the first time, they got the fee of using cargo handling gear, which brought them tens of thousands of foreign currencies! After that, Bei Hanting immediately demanded that this had to be fixed as a system in writing.<br />
<br />
拿到书面材料之后,贝汉廷代表公司和代理谈判,要求所有的中国船以后一律 按此办理。<br />
<br />
After receiving the written materials, Bei Hanting, on behalf of the company, negotiated with the agent and asked all Chinese ships to follow this procedure in the future.<br />
<br />
代理说:“你的船,我保证每次如此,但别的船……”<br />
<br />
The agent said, " I can promise your ship’s fees every time, but as for other ships..."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“道理不是ー样的吗? ”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "But it makes sense for all ships."<br />
<br />
谈判的结果,是拿到了港方的书面合同。贝汉廷立即把这份材料寄回上海,由公司报总公司,向世界其他港口交涉,一律照此办理。<br />
<br />
As a result of the negotiation, a written contract from the port was obtained. Bei Hanting immediately sent this material back to Shanghai, so the company reported it to the head office who negotiated with other ports in the world that all of them should do it.<br />
<br />
多么精细,多么科学!完全是科学家的逻辑!然而又多么灵活,多么有办法, 简直像个出色的外交家。<br />
<br />
How delicate and scientific! It's entirely the logic of scientists! However, how flexible and resourceful he is! he is like an excellent diplomat.<br />
<br />
有一次……<br />
<br />
One time...<br />
<br />
还有一次……<br />
<br />
There was another time...<br />
<br />
可惜,无法在这里写下政委、大副、水手们向我讲述的所有的故事,我只能记下他们那钦佩的眼光、赞叹的话语——<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, I can't write down all the stories told to me by the political commissar, the Chief Officer and the sailors here. I can only write down their admiring eyes and words of admiration.<br />
<br />
在海里,贝汉廷像一块冲不动的礁石。<br />
<br />
In the sea, Bei Hanting is like a rock that cannot be washed.<br />
<br />
在岸上,贝汉廷是ー块千锤百炼的钢铁。<br />
<br />
On the shore, Bei Hanting is a piece of steel that has been hammered and tempered many times.<br />
<br />
开起船来,又多么潇洒。“汉川号”在他手里不像条船,倒像个芭蕾舞演员,是那样迷人的优美……<br />
<br />
How cool he is when sailing. The Hanchuan is not like a ship when he navigates it, but like a ballet dancer, charming and beautiful...<br />
<br />
水手们都习惯了,多大的风浪也没有人去向他报告。因为你报告:“九级风呢, 船长!”他会不动声色地看看海面:“有九级吗?我看还好嘛！”“八级浪了,船长!” 他仍不动声色地看看:“有八级吗?我看还好嘛!”贝汉廷懂得一个船长镇定自若的意义,于是再也没有人和他谈风浪问题了。<br />
<br />
Sailors were familiar with him, so no one reported to him about the storm. Because when you reported, "Strong gale, captain!" He would look at the sea calmly: "Is there a strong gale? I think it doesn’t matter" “The waves are very high, captain! "He still looked calmly:" “Are they very high? I think it doesn’t matter!” Bei Hanting understood the meaning of a captain's composure, so no one talked to him about wind and waves anymore.<br />
<br />
只有我这个外行,反复问他:“你老是’还好,还好‘,可几级风浪船就会沉呢?”他沉思地看着我说:“多大的风浪也不会让万吨轮沉的,只有船本身的损坏才会沉船。而只有不懂得船也不懂得大海的船长才会把船搞坏,把船搞沉。”<br />
<br />
Only I, a layman, repeatedly asked him: "You always say ‘It doesn’t matter’, but what kind of storms will sink the ship?" He looked at me thoughtfully and said, "They won’t sink the over 10,000-ton ship. Only the damage of the ship itself will sink a ship. And only the master who doesn't know the ship or the sea will break the ship and sink it."<br />
<br />
好一个“只有不懂得船也不懂得大海的船长オ会把船搞沉”!而船长,master,在做形容词用时,又意味着熟练、精通。<br />
<br />
His words surprised me! And master, when used as an adjective, means skilled and proficient.<br />
<br />
“He is master of his business。”可以这样说:作为国家领导人之一的邓小平和作为船长的贝汉廷,对自己的业务都是那样熟练、精通;面对各自的风浪又都同样镇定自若,勇于驾驭;偏偏在他们各自的航程中,又都具有那种百折不挠、鞠躬尽瘁的主人翁态度。这就难怪贝汉廷有了这样ー个光荣的称号——“邓小平式的船长”。谁能说库克先生们没有眼力呢?<br />
<br />
"He is master of his business." It can be said that Deng Xiaoping, one of the national leaders, and Bei Hanting, a master, are so skilled and proficient in their own business. In the face of their own storms, they are equally calm and brave in controlling things. It happened that in their respective voyages, they all had the attitude of being masters with perseverance and dedication. It is no wonder that Bei Hanting has such a glorious title as "a Deng Xiaoping-style Captain". Who can say that Mr. Cook doesn’t know how to find a talent?<br />
<br />
海员风度<br />
<br />
Seamanship<br />
<br />
"SOS”！ “SOS”！！ “SOS"! ! !<br />
<br />
塞浦路斯商船“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”不断发出紧急呼号。<br />
<br />
Eleyna's Hope, a merchant ship of the Republic of Cyprus, kept sending out emergency calls.<br />
<br />
船长伊柯优斯眼看这艘28年的超龄船,在九级大风袭击中主机不能运转,全船失去控制,海底阀裂损,大量海水涌入机舱,已齐人脖颈,决定发出弃船求救信号。<br />
<br />
Captain Ikeus saw that the 28-year-old ship could not be operated in a strong gale, the whole ship lost control, the submarine valve was cracked, and a large amount of seawater poured into the engine room, leading to neck-deep sea water. He decided to send out a distress signal for abandoning the ship.<br />
<br />
"SOS”！ “SOS”！！ “SOS"! ! !<br />
<br />
全体船员及一名家属已下到救生小艇,小艇被巨浪颠簸得直上直下,完全没有行驶能力。在望远镜里看见远远一只船影,水手们用全部生命凝视着,但黑影渐渐消失。可能是风浪太大,他们自己也在危险之中,不能靠近。<br />
<br />
The crew and a family member have got off the life-saving boat, which was bumped up and down by huge waves and completely incapable of being driven. The sailors saw a distant ship shadow in the telescope, and they pinned all their hopes on it and stared at it, but the shadow gradually disappeared. It may be that the wind and waves were too strong, and they were also in danger, so they can't get close.<br />
<br />
又是一个黑影远远驶去,又是一个远远的黑影……也可能那只是自己希望的幻影吧,船员们已失去获救的信心……<br />
<br />
Another dark shadow was far away, and another... Maybe it was just an illusion of their hope, so the crew has lost confidence in being rescued...<br />
<br />
“滴滴滴,答答答,滴滴滴厂’“汉川号”的一个年轻报务员在呼啸的风暴声中突然收到了“SOS”的求救信号。贝汉廷一跃而起,到海图室查明了难船失事位置,他立即命令:“全体船员进入岗位准备抢救厂’“满舵！全速进!”超高频无线电话从此不断呼叫:“艾琳娜斯霍浦号！我是中国船’汉川号’！前来救助,请回答,请回答！！”<br />
<br />
"Beep, beep, beep!" A young radio operator of the Hanchuan suddenly received a distress signal of “SOS” in the howling storm. Bei Hanting jumped up and went to the chart room to find out the location of the shipwreck. He immediately ordered: "All crew members prepare to rescue another ship!" "Hard rudder! Go forward at full speed!" The UHF wireless telephone has been called all the time since then: "Eleyna's Hope! I am the Chinese ship Hanchuan! We come to rescue you, please answer, please answer!!"<br />
<br />
一片静默。遇难船早已失去全部通讯能力。<br />
<br />
There was silence. The wrecked ship has long lost all communication capability.<br />
<br />
当“汉川号”驶近难船时,只见它船身已右倾三十多度,船尾下沉。在十分危险的状态里,正在狂风暴雪中哑然下沉,下沉……当“汉川号”好不容易驶近救生 艇时,一个压顶巨浪把它打回遇难船的舷旁去了。四次驶近,四次打开,贝汉廷下令在它周围游弋等待。直到ー个多小时后,第五次驶近时,老水手王敬元一直捏在手中的粗尼龙撇缆绳,オ好像脱弦之箭顶风穿雪疾飞过去,被难船水手接住……<br />
<br />
When the Hanchuan approached the shipwreck, its hull had turned more than 30 degrees to the right and its stern sank. In a very dangerous state, it was sinking in the storm and a blizzard... When the Hanchuan finally approached the lifeboat, a huge wave slapped against it back to the side of the wrecked ship’s starboard. They had tried four times, but they failed, so Bei Hanting ordered to wait around it. After more than an hour later, when they approached for the fifth time, the thick nylon cable in the hands of the experienced sailor Wang Jingyuan was thrown, as if it was an arrow taking off the string and flying through the snow against the wind and it was caught by sailors of the shipwreck...<br />
<br />
这时,只有这时,贝汉廷才腾出空儿来回答整个地中海东部塞得港、马耳他、雅典、塞浦路斯电台及附近船舶的互相呼号:“我是中国’汉川号’,现在’艾琳娜斯霍浦号’的船员已安全登上我船,请放心,谢谢……”<br />
<br />
At this time, and at this time, Bei Hanting answered the calls of all the eastern Mediterranean, Port Said, Malta, Athens, Cyprus radio stations and nearby ships: "I am the Chinese Hanchuan, and now the crew of the Eleyna's Hope have safely boarded my ship. Please rest assured, thank you...”<br />
<br />
但是,“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”船长伊柯优斯却迟迟不肯上到“汉川号”。他和三个船员留在他的小艇中一再坚持靠拢难船。贝汉廷在风浪中再三向他疾呼:“危险! 危险! !”但看到他那样坚持,考虑到他仍坐在自己的救生艇上,他还是“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”的船长,有权做出自己的决定。因此只能劝慰他:“作为一个船长,我很了解你的处境和心情。我一定在旁守护,在旁守护!在旁一守护!！”小艇时起时伏 地在巨浪的峰波间摇晃着离去!“汉川号”始终在旁边巡回游弋……<br />
<br />
However, Ikeus, the captain of the Eleyna's Hope, refused to get on the Hanchuan. He and three crew members stayed in his boat and insisted on getting close to the shipwreck again and again. Bei Hanting repeatedly cried to him in the wind and waves: "Danger! Danger!!" But seeing his insistence, Bei considers that he is still sitting in his lifeboat, and he is still the captain of the Eleyna's Hope and has the right to make his own decisions. Therefore, he can only comfort him: "As a captain, I know your situation and mood very well. I will guard you, guard you! Guard you by the side!!" From time to time, the boat swayed away between the huge crested waves! The Hanchuan was always touring around...<br />
<br />
17点多,夜幕即将降临,九级的西北风把浪和雪卷上阴暗的高空,风在白茫茫的海上打转,海浪呼啸怒吼,贝汉廷开始忧虑地用汽笛和高音喇叭招呼那位守职的船长。17点24分,小艇终于再次靠近“汉川号”。贝汉廷特地到甲板上去迎接这位不幸的希腊同行。当伊柯优斯得知“汉川号”正在驶往伦敦途中时,他一再要求:<br />
<br />
At more than 17 o'clock, night was about to come, and the strong northwest gale swept the waves and snow up into the dark sky. The wind swirled in the white sea, and the waves roared. Bei Hanting began to greet the captain who kept his duty anxiously with his whistle and loudspeaker. At 17:24, the boat finally approached the Hanchuan again. Bei Hanting went to the deck to meet the unfortunate Greek counterpart. When Ikeus learned that the Hanchuan was on its way to London, he repeatedly asked:<br />
<br />
“请继续留在遇险船边,因为我必须守候它沉没。在它沉没后,请把我和我的 船员送到希腊克里特岛登岸。”<br />
<br />
"Please stay by the ship in distress, because I must wait for it to sink. After it sinks, please send me and my crew to Crete, Greece."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷,这位在他的航海日志上没有误过一天航期的船长,抢船期抢得没有一次是在港口休息日停泊记录的精细至极的船长,这时却毫不迟疑地答应了。考虑到<br />
<br />
==卷二：1.目录 Volume2: 1. Contents==<br />
<br />
卷一<br />
<br />
Volume One<br />
<br />
序 李炳银/001<br />
<br />
Preface by Li Bingyin/001<br />
<br />
哥德巴赫猜想 徐 迟/001<br />
<br />
Goldbach’s Conjecture by Xu Chi/001<br />
<br />
船长 柯岩/021<br />
<br />
Master by Ke Yan/021<br />
<br />
痴情 理由/040<br />
<br />
Obsession by Li You/040<br />
<br />
中国姑娘 鲁光/ 086<br />
<br />
Chinese Girls by Lu Guang/086<br />
<br />
三门李逸闻 乔迈/ 138<br />
<br />
Sanmen Li Anecdotes by Qiao Mai/138<br />
<br />
胡杨泪 孟晓云/ 150<br />
<br />
Tears of Populus Euphratica by Meng Xiaoyun/150<br />
<br />
原野在呼唤 王兆军/ 163<br />
<br />
The Fields Were Calling by Wang Zhaojun/163<br />
<br />
热血男儿 李士非/ 183<br />
<br />
Hot-blooded Man by Li Shifei/183<br />
<br />
卷二<br />
<br />
Volume Two<br />
<br />
中国农民大趋势（节选）李延国/219<br />
<br />
General Trend for Chinese Farmers (Excerpt) by Li Yanguo/219<br />
<br />
理论狂人 陈祖芬/261<br />
<br />
Theory Fanatic by Chen Zufen/261<br />
<br />
神圣忧思录 张 敏/283<br />
<br />
A Deliberation on the Divine by Zhang Min/283<br />
<br />
强国梦（节选）赵瑜/315<br />
<br />
The Dream of Great Power (Excerpt) by Zhao Yu/315<br />
<br />
伐木者,醒来!（节选）徐 刚/358<br />
<br />
Wake up, Loggers! (Excerpt) by Xu Gang/358<br />
<br />
步鑫生现象的反思 周嘉俊/397 <br />
<br />
Reflection on the Bu Xinsheng Phenomenon by Zhou Jiajun/397<br />
<br />
卷三<br />
<br />
Volume Three<br />
<br />
昆山之路 杨守松/ 425<br />
<br />
The Road to Kunshan by Yang Shousong/425<br />
<br />
飞向太空港（节选）李鸣生/465<br />
<br />
Flying to the Spaceport (Excerpt) by Li Mingsheng/465<br />
<br />
东方风来满眼春 陈锡添/526<br />
<br />
Vigor of Spring Greets the Eyes as the Warm Wind Comes by Chen Xitian/526<br />
<br />
好梦将圆时 江永红/539<br />
<br />
When Good Dreams Come True by Jiang Yonghong/539<br />
<br />
智慧风暴（节选）王宏甲/573<br />
<br />
The Storm of Wisdom (Excerpt) by Wang Hongjia/573<br />
<br />
卷四<br />
<br />
Volume Four<br />
<br />
4万:400万的牵挂 张雅文/ 625<br />
<br />
Zhang Yawen/625<br />
<br />
香港回归祖国10周年回眸 长 江/ 670<br />
<br />
A Look Back at the 10th Anniversary of Hong Kong's Return to China by Chang Jiang/670<br />
<br />
木棉花开 李春雷/695<br />
<br />
Kapok in Bloom by Li Chunlei/695<br />
<br />
休息的革命（缩写本）王宏甲 刘 建/716<br />
<br />
Revolution of Rest by Wang Hongjia (Abridged version), Liu Jian/716<br />
<br />
闪着泪光的事业 蒋 巍/758<br />
<br />
The Career with Tears by Jiang Wei/758<br />
<br />
让百姓做主 朱晓军 李英/ 777<br />
<br />
Let Common People Decide by Zhu Xiaojun, Li Ying/777<br />
<br />
难回故里 郭冬/817<br />
<br />
Guo Dong/817<br />
<br />
卷五<br />
<br />
Volume Five<br />
<br />
国家 何建明/855<br />
<br />
The Country by He Jianming/855<br />
<br />
蛟龙探海（节选）许 晨/ 915<br />
<br />
Xu Chen/915<br />
<br />
袁隆平的世界（节选）陈启文/950<br />
<br />
Yuan Longping's World (Excerpt) by Chen Qiwen/950<br />
<br />
“神舟”天路 兰宁远/ 1011<br />
<br />
The Long Journey of“Shenzhou”to Space by Lan Ningyuan/1011<br />
<br />
智慧之翼 李青松/ 1044<br />
<br />
Intelligent Wing by Li Qingsong/1044<br />
<br />
附录 改革开放四十年优秀报告文学存目/ 1060<br />
<br />
==卷二：2.中国农民大趋势 Volume 2: 2.General Trend for Chinese Farmers==<br />
<br />
中国农民大趋势<br />
<br />
General Trend for Chinese Farmers<br />
<br />
胶东风情录（节选）<br />
<br />
Stories in Jiaodong (excerpt)<br />
<br />
李延国<br />
<br />
Li Yanguo<br />
<br />
第一章 相会在北京（I changed オ目 with 相）<br />
<br />
Chapter One Meeting in Beijing<br />
<br />
初春。北京电影制片厂。<br />
<br />
In early spring. In Beijing Film Studio.<br />
<br />
我住在这个厂招待所的一间斗室里,正没完没了地修改ー个电影文学剧本。 一天,值班室的服务员用扩音器通知我:有客人来找。<br />
<br />
I lived in a small room in this factory’s guest house, where I was constantly revising a film literature script. One day, the attendant in the duty room informed me through a megaphone that some guests came for me.<br />
<br />
我走下楼去。几个身穿呢料制服的男子汉正等候在那里。<br />
<br />
I went downstairs. Several men in woolen uniforms were waiting there.<br />
<br />
“弟弟!”我一下把他从人群中辨认出来,他那黝黑的、已经被岁月的犁铮犁出了沟痕的面孔,刚经修饰,显得容光焕发。他彬彬有礼地上前来同我握手,向我介绍同来的人们。他们的神采和装束使我大为惊讶,要知道,他们是文学概念中的“庄稼汉”呀!<br />
<br />
"Brother!" I recognized him from the crowd at once. His dark face, which had been furrowed by the plows of years, had just been taken good care of, so he looked radiant. He came politely to shake hands with me and introduce me to the people who came with him. Their looks and costumes surprised me greatly. You know, they are "plowmen" if you describe them with the words in literature! <br />
<br />
“你们怎么来的?”<br />
<br />
"How did you come?"<br />
<br />
“自己带的车!”他指指外面的“吉普”。<br />
<br />
"My own car!" He pointed to the Jeep outside.<br />
<br />
两千多里路,他们竟然坐上了“专车”。<br />
<br />
There were more than 2,000 miles, but they should enjoy the tailored taxi service.<br />
<br />
“你们要去哪里?”<br />
<br />
"Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“深圳!”<br />
<br />
"Shenzhen!"<br />
<br />
“到深圳做什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are you doing in Shenzhen?"<br />
<br />
“考察!”<br />
<br />
"Investigation!"<br />
<br />
故乡,在我的情思里,那是黄昏的茅屋上一缕淡淡的炊烟,那是黎明的原野上一声悠长的牛叫,那是父亲头上一顶破了边的草帽,那是母亲褪色的衣襟上一块杂色补丁,那是弟弟一双饥饿的眼睛,那是妹妹辫子上一根粗糙的头绳……眼前的景象,使我无法和过去联系起来。<br />
<br />
I had a lingering affection for my hometown. When the thought of it came to me, a faint wisp of smoke from kitchen chimneys on the hut at dusk, a long cow bark on the plain at dawn, a straw hat with a broken edge on my father's head, a variegated patch on my mother's faded skirt, a pair of eyes of my younger brother showing his hunger, and a rough head band on my sister's braid sprang to my mind... But the sight before me made me unable to connect it with the past.<br />
<br />
“你们办好去边境的手续了吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have you completed the formalities for going to the border?"<br />
<br />
“办好了！”<br />
<br />
"Yes!"<br />
<br />
“坐火车去吗?”<br />
<br />
"Will you go by train?"<br />
<br />
“不,坐飞机去!”<br />
<br />
"No, we’ll go by plane!"<br />
<br />
“你们是怎样买到飞机票的?”<br />
<br />
"How did you get air tickets?"<br />
<br />
“作家协会的一位同志帮忙买的。”<br />
<br />
"A comrade of the China Writers Association helped us to buy it."<br />
<br />
我从一个农民走上文坛,足足用了二十多年的工夫,那是一条漫长的路,我仿佛觉得,这条路已经离开家乡很远很远,不料想,兄弟们斜刺里从青纱帐杀了出来, 竟一下子冲进了这个世界的核心部位。<br />
<br />
It took me more than 20 years to walk into the literary world from a farmer. It was a long road, on which I seemed to feel that I had left my hometown for a long time. Unexpectedly, my brothers ran from a field suddenly and rushed into the core of the world at once.<br />
<br />
他们这一行,是由年轻的镇委书记谢玉堂带领的,其中包括已经声名大震的农民企业家李德海等。他们去深圳不仅是为了开开眼界,原来家乡在那里是投了资的,一甩手拿出几十万、上百万元,现在他们将以“股东”的身份走在深圳繁华的街市上,从那个窗口去瞭望世界!<br />
<br />
They are led by Xie Yutang, a young Township Committee secretary, and they are accompanied by Li Dehai, a famous farmer entrepreneur. They go to Shenzhen not only to widen their horizons. Originally, our hometown invested hundreds of thousands and millions of yuan there, so now they will walk in the bustling Shenzhen as shareholders and look at the world from that window!<br />
<br />
我不知该怎样招待他们这些“天外来客”。<br />
<br />
I didn't know how to entertain these "men who fell to earth".<br />
<br />
我忽然想到了我的优势:“我领你们去看看摄影棚吧,里面在拍电影,挺好玩的。”<br />
<br />
I suddenly thought of a things I was good at: "Let me show you the studio, where movies are being made, which is quite fun."<br />
<br />
他们一行人顿时变成了“中国农民电影考察团”,随我向摄影棚走去。艺术对他们曾是遥远的、朦胧的,今天他们要走近前去看个仔细。<br />
<br />
They suddenly turned into a "Chinese Farmers Film Investigation Group" and followed me to the studio. Art used to be far away and obscure to them. Today they should come closer and take a closer look.<br />
<br />
我们被挡在摄影棚巨大的铁门外边,这里的制度是严格的,参观的人需经厂保卫科批准。<br />
<br />
We were kept out of the huge iron gate of the studio. The system here was strict, and visitors need to be approved by the factory security department.<br />
<br />
“中国农民电影考察团”被尴尬地晒在那里。<br />
<br />
The "Chinese Farmers Film Investigation Group" was embarrassed there.<br />
<br />
我忽然又想起了另ー个优势:“去看看'北影一条街’吧！”<br />
<br />
I suddenly remembered another place I was familiar with: "Let’s visit the Beijing Film Studio Street!"<br />
<br />
“北影一条街”是ー个半永久性的露天布景,坐落在厂院后区,巧夺天工的美工师们在这里搭起了具有古典风格的店铺、楼阁、墙垒。走在这里,像走进了陈旧的岁月之中。《垂帘听政》《海囚》《双雄会》《骆驼祥子》等等许多撼动人心的历史场面都是在这里拍摄出来的,中国农民在这里扮演了屈辱和失败的角色！<br />
<br />
It was a semi-permanent open-air set, which was located in the back area of the factory yard, where wonderful art designers set up shops, pavilions and walls with classical style. Walking here was like walking into the past. Many shocking historical scenes, such as Holding Court from behind a Screen, Captives, Shuang Xiong Hui and Camel Xiangzi, were filmed here, where Chinese farmers played the role of humiliation and failure!<br />
<br />
农民兄弟们巨大的步幅,很快把这一条小小的街道丈量完了,他们好奇地转到布景的后面,ー个个不禁哑然失笑:“都是假的呀!”<br />
<br />
They made huge strides so that they quickly visited this small street. They turned curiously to the back of the set, and all of them couldn't help laughing: "It's all fake!"<br />
<br />
没有什么事情能唤起他们的兴趣。我决意尽主人之道,把他们领到北影小食堂狠狠来上一顿,花个三十二十的！<br />
<br />
Nothing can arouse their interest. I was determined to do the honors, and lead them to our canteen to have a good meal, which will cost twenty or thirty yuan!<br />
<br />
“不,跟我们去吧！”他们反客为主。<br />
<br />
"No, come with us!" They turned passivity into activity.<br />
<br />
“去哪里?”<br />
<br />
"Where?"<br />
<br />
“小洞天,西餐!”<br />
<br />
"Xiaodongtian, which sells western food!"<br />
<br />
我简直是五体投地！我想象不出来,他们是怎么睁大寻觅的眼睛,在偌大的北京城找到了那个藏在地缝里的“小洞天”的。<br />
<br />
I swept my feet by them! I couldn't imagine how they kept their eyes wide open to find it hidden in the crevice of the ground in the vast Beijing.<br />
<br />
我的兄弟们在我面前变得陌生了,这一切变化是怎样开始的?是谁给了他们这新的风采、新的气质?<br />
<br />
My brothers have become strangers before me. How did all this change begin? Who gave them this new style and temperament?<br />
<br />
他们似乎在追赶着什么一乘上飞机,用超音速……<br />
<br />
They seem to be chasing something by plane at supersonic speed...<br />
<br />
文学,将仰首注视他们!<br />
<br />
Literature will look up at them!<br />
<br />
中国,是世界上拥有农民最多的国家,谁不了解当代的中国农民的变化,谁就不了解当代的中国。<br />
<br />
China is the country with the largest number of farmers in the world. Whoever does not understand the changes of contemporary Chinese farmers will not understand contemporary China.<br />
<br />
传统的农民观念在我的头脑里发生了动摇。<br />
<br />
The traditional concept about farmers has shaken in my mind.<br />
<br />
到胶东去!<br />
<br />
Go to Jiaodong!<br />
<br />
到故乡去!<br />
<br />
Go to hometown!<br />
<br />
第二章故乡之门<br />
<br />
Chapter 2 The Gate of Hometown<br />
<br />
烟台,我的故乡。<br />
<br />
Yantai is my hometown.<br />
<br />
据说,这是一个没有待业青年的城市。一位空军战斗英雄在这里担任副市长; 一位从北京招聘来的硕士研究生被委任为市委宣传部长（他们都是胶东的儿子）；留职停薪的教师开办旅游开发公司,市政府领导亲临剪彩;上海交通大学的几位校 友创办烟台思源新技术开发公司,经济学家于光远发来贺电;新建的电视台将于7月1日开播;集资兴办的综合性的烟台大学正在开挖地基;现代化的海上游乐园正在崆峒岛上破土动工;东郊的飞机场、西郊的高速公路正在筹建之中；那些农民办的饭店、旅馆、商场、烤鸭店、运输公司更是兴隆昌盛……真个是:昨梦乘风破浪去, 满山灯火是烟台。（I changed 啞桐 with 崆峒）<br />
<br />
It is said that this is a city without unemployed youth. An Air Force hero served as deputy mayor here. A graduate student recruited from Beijing was appointed as municipal party committee propaganda department minister (they are all residents of Jiaodong). Teachers who stayed without pay set up tourism development companies, and leaders of the municipal government cut the ribbon in person. Several alumni of Shanghai Jiaotong University founded Yantai Siyuan New Technology Development Company, and economist Yu Guangyuan sent a congratulatory message. The newly built TV station will start broadcasting on July 1. The comprehensive Yantai University, which received funds, is excavating the foundation. The modern sea amusement park is breaking ground on kongtong island. The airport in the eastern suburbs and the expressway in the western suburbs are under construction. Those restaurants, hotels, shopping malls, roast duck stores and transportation companies run by farmers are even more prosperous... No matter how rich they are, all they dream, miss and think about are Yantai.<br />
<br />
当天晚上,市委书记王济夫同志来到宾馆。凡来烟台的学者、作家、画家、书法 家、记者、编辑、科学家,他总要抽空来看望。他身上兼有军人的敏捷和学者的优雅,讲话却又充满诗人的激情,那浓重的乡音,又使我如见故里。<br />
<br />
That evening, Comrade Wang Jifu, Party Secretary, came to the hotel. He always takes time to visit scholars, writers, painters, calligraphers, journalists, editors and scientists who come to Yantai. He has the agility of a soldier and the elegance of a scholar, but his speech is full of the passion of a poet. When hearing his strong local accent, I feel like I’m in my hometown.<br />
<br />
他也是胶东当代的一个传奇人物。他一会儿身穿西服登上党代会的主席台,一会儿在宾馆和外商洽谈大型旅游服务系统的投资,一会儿又拉着商业局长深入个体饮食店解决原料供应,一会儿又到新成立的画院和画家们评论新作,一会儿又到某郊区县为农民企业家发表辩护演说……此刻为迎接对外开放,他刚刚从海湾对面的姊妹城市一大连考察回来,毫无倦意地坐在沙发上。<br />
<br />
He is also a contemporary legend in Jiaodong. He wore a suit and boarded the rostrum of the National Congress of the Communist Party of China. He discussed the investment of large-scale tourism service system with foreign businessmen in hotels. He took the commercial director to deeply understand individual restaurants to solve the supply of raw materials. He went to the newly established painting academy to comment on new works with painters. He went to a suburban county to give a defense speech for farmer entrepreneurs... At the moment, in order to embrace the opening to the outside world, he investigated in Dalian, a sister city across the bay, and just now he came back, sitting on the sofa without tiredness.<br />
<br />
“最近写些什么作品了?”他拍拍我刚送给他的《在这片国土上》的单行本,“你很少回家,应该回来看看我们这片乡土。这是一片烈士洒过鲜血的土地,今天发生了翻天覆地的变化。你应该看看农民怎样变成企业家的。”他边说边挥动手臂,仿佛这不是在屋里,而是在ー个视野开阔的制高点上,“'牟平七雄’’蓬莱八仙’’黄县五杰’’栖霞三能’……他们都是一窝子一窝子的。英雄无独有偶,都是竞争出来的。三中全会造就了一大批英雄,你应该去看看他们怎样跟着三中全会的旗帜, 改变了自己的命运。现在的家乡,可不是昔日的家乡了;现在的农业,可不是传统的农业了;现在的农民,可不是当年鲁迅笔下的阿Q、赵树理笔下的李有才,也不是高晓声笔下的陈奂生了。就是说,这个深刻变化不仅发生在地貌上、生产关系上, 也发生在人的灵魂深处,动摇了很多传统的东西……”<br />
<br />
"What have you written recently?" He patted the offprint In This Motherland I just gave him. "You seldom go home, so you should come back and see our native land. This is a land where martyrs have sacrificed their life, and the changes are beyond recognition today. You should see how farmers become entrepreneurs." As he spoke, he waved his arms, as if this was not in the house, but on a commanding height with a wide field of vision. "Seven Heroes in Muping, Eight Immortals in Penglai City, Five Heroes in Huang County and Three Advantages in Qixia... They all occur in our hometown. There is not only one hero. They are nurtured because of competition. The Third Plenary Session brought up a large number of heroes. You should see how they followed the directions of the Third Plenary Session and changed their own destiny. The present hometown is not the former one. Today's agriculture is not traditional agriculture. Today's farmers are not Ah Q written by Lu Xun, Li Youyu written by Zhao Shuli, or Chen Huansheng written by Gao Xiaosheng. That is to say, this profound change occurs not only in landform and production relations, but also in the depths of people's souls, changing many traditional things..."<br />
<br />
来也匆匆,去也匆匆。他走下楼去,站到汽车门前,海风掀起他黑色的衣襟,像鼓起的船帆。他回头说:<br />
<br />
He comes and goes in a hurry. He went downstairs and stood in front of the car. The sea breeze lifted his black clothes like a bulging sail. He turned back and said:<br />
<br />
“人是复杂的,文学也应该是复杂的。唱改革者之歌的时候,不要忘记他们的辛酸、他们的磨难。任何一项改革都不是在笔直的路上走的……”<br />
<br />
"People are complex, so should literature. When we are in the process of reform, we should not forget their bitterness and hardships. No reform is easy..."<br />
<br />
车走了,仲夏的海滨卷起一阵旋风。<br />
<br />
The car left, and a whirlwind rolled up on the seashore in midsummer.<br />
<br />
好有力的旋风啊!<br />
<br />
What a powerful whirlwind!<br />
<br />
第三章走进蓬莱仙境<br />
<br />
Chapter 3 Walking into Penglai Wonderland<br />
<br />
蓬莱阁上<br />
<br />
Penglai Pavilion<br />
<br />
——神话今说<br />
<br />
—Talking about Myth Today<br />
<br />
蓬莱,民族英雄戚继光的故乡,八仙过海传说的发祥地,你把魂魄凝聚在小小的蓬莱阁上。不是吗?要不,在这里只做过五天知府的苏东坡为什么留下了“东方云海空复空,群仙出没空明中”的诗句?为什么远离热土的老华侨要登临神堂烧上一炷香烛?为什么那些蓝眼睛的异国人要在参天的古柏前留一帧小照?<br />
<br />
Penglai City, the hometown of national hero Qi Jiguang and the place producing the legend of The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea, you condense your soul on the small Penglai Pavilion. Isn't it? Otherwise, why did Su Dongpo, who has only been a magistrate of a prefecture here for five days, leave the poem "I imagine clouds in the Eastern Sea is empty, but the immortals appear in quietness"? Why do old overseas Chinese who are far away from motherland go to the temple to burn incense? Why do those blue-eyed foreigners leave a small picture in front of ancient towering pine trees?<br />
<br />
在我登上这座建筑在民族心理上九百余年的仙阁时,适逢ー批外国友人乘兴游览,导游员刘妍,一位端庄聪颖的农民女儿（她爱好田径,学过武术,酷爱外语）,带领他们穿行在神话传说的历史中。<br />
<br />
When I stood in this fairy pavilion, which has been built for more than 900 years, it coincided with a group of foreign friends enjoying the tour. The tour guide Liu Yan, a dignified and intelligent woman whose father is a farmer (she loves athletics and foreign languages, and has studied martial arts), led them through the history of myths and legends.<br />
<br />
“请问刘小姐,这里为什么叫蓬莱呢?”<br />
<br />
"Excuse me, Miss Liu, why is this place called Penglai?"<br />
<br />
“据说,当年秦始皇为了求长生不老药,曾来到这里,他突然发现海里有一片赤色,就连忙问随行的方士:’那是什么?’方士答道:'那是仙岛。’秦始皇又问:'那仙岛叫什么名字?’方士回答不上来,慌乱中发现海水里有一片海草,'蓬’和'莱’都是草名,方士就顺ロ应付说:'蓬莱。’从此,蓬莱仙岛这个名字就流传开了……”<br />
<br />
"It is said that Qin Shi Huang came here in order to seek elixir of life. He suddenly found that there was red color in the sea, so he quickly asked the accompanying alchemist: 'What is that?' The alchemist replied, 'That's an island for immortals.' Qin Shihuang asked again, 'What's the name of it?' The alchemist couldn't answer that. In panic, he found that there was a piece of seaweed in the sea. 'Peng' and 'Lai' were both grass names, so the alchemist responded, 'Penglai.' Since then, the name Penglai Immortal Island has spread..."<br />
<br />
“刘小姐,您刚オ说,八仙过海中的八位神仙,是在蓬莱阁上喝醉了酒之后飘然过海……请问,他们过海到哪里去了?”<br />
<br />
"Miss Liu, you just said that the eight immortals who crossed the sea were drunk on Penglai Pavilion and flew above the sea... Excuse me, where did they go after crossing the sea?"<br />
<br />
“传说很多。不过,今天的蓬莱农村,发生了翻天覆地的变化,我想,八位仙人 一定是留恋人间的新生活,投胎为农民企业家、专业户、个体户。如果先生和女士们有兴趣,不妨到蓬莱农村一游……”<br />
<br />
"There are many legends. However, great changes have taken place in Penglai's rural areas today. I think the eight immortals must be nostalgic for the new life in the world and reborn as farmer entrepreneurs, family which engages in a specialized trade and self-employed entrepreneurs. Gentlemen and ladies, if you are interested in these changes, why not visit rural areas in Penglai?"<br />
<br />
<br />
刘妍莞尔一笑,博得一阵喝彩! 一位外宾说:<br />
<br />
Liu Yan smiled and got a big round of applause! A foreign guest said:<br />
<br />
“刘小姐,你可以做何仙姑了!”<br />
<br />
"Miss Liu, you can be He Xiangu (one of the Eight Immortals)!"<br />
<br />
伊甸园的葡萄熟了<br />
<br />
Grapes in Garden of Eden are Ripe<br />
<br />
——商品生产观念的形成<br />
<br />
—The formation of the commodity production concept<br />
<br />
今天,庄户人的自给自足的传统观念像雪山一样崩塌了!<br />
<br />
Today, the traditional concept of self-sufficiency of farmers has been greatly changed!<br />
<br />
大姜家大队的300亩葡萄园,就曾经是一个和传统观念搏斗的战场！<br />
<br />
The 300-mu (a unit of measurement in China) vineyard of the Jiang family was once a battlefield, on which people fought against traditional ideas!<br />
<br />
开始,28岁的支部书记姜世谭,决定根据三中全会精神调整农业内部结构,拿出西南洼110亩水浇地改种葡萄,立时受到围攻,上面点名,下面咒骂,连老父亲也质问他:“现在国家提高粮价,你去种什么葡萄?”<br />
<br />
At first, Jiang Shitan, the 28-year-old Party branch secretary, decided to adjust the internal structure of agriculture according to the spirit of the Third Plenary Session, and took out 110 mu of irrigated cropland in the southwest area to replant grapes. He was immediately besieged. His superiors named and shamed him and the ordinary people cursed him out. Even his old father questioned him: "Now the country has raised food prices, why do you plant grapes?"<br />
<br />
为了使葡萄园方方正正,还要耕掉50亩漫脚面的麦苗,于是老队长姜世希领着四个生产队长和姜世谭滚打在ー起:<br />
<br />
In order to make grapes grow vertically, it was necessary to remove 50 mu of wheat seedlings that had grown a little, so the old captain Jiang Shixi led four production captains to fight with Jiang Shitan:<br />
<br />
“败家子儿！这是四五万斤麦子呀!”<br />
<br />
"You black sheep! This is 40,000 to 50,000 jin of wheat!"<br />
<br />
“老祖宗撇下这么点好地,你穷作!”<br />
<br />
"The ancestors left such a good place, but you miss this opportunity!"<br />
<br />
“你不是吃人饭长的……”<br />
<br />
"Didn't you grow up eating rice?"<br />
<br />
姜世谭被逼成个“红眼狼”,鞭子一甩:“耕!”他推着雪亮的犁刀,绿生生的麦苗被翻到地下去了！<br />
<br />
Jiang Shitan was forced into a "red-eyed wolf" (a person who is greedy) and whipped: "Plow!" He pulled the sharp plow, and the green wheat seedlings were buried!<br />
<br />
1983年秋天,葡萄熟了,一嘟噜一串地压满了架子,听听那些名字吧:龙眼、泽香、白茹、枣晶、贵人香、赤霞珠……姜世谭把全村老少六百口子请了来:<br />
<br />
In the autumn of 1983, the grapes were ripe, and the trellises were filled with grapes. Listen to those names of grapes: Longyan, Zexiang, Bairu, Zaojing, Guirenxiang, Chixiazhu... Jiang Shitan invited 600 people from all over the village:<br />
<br />
“今天请乡亲们来吃葡萄！一百多个品种管尝！大家边吃,边算一笔账,按市价这一嘟噜葡萄能卖一块钱,大家可以数数有多少嘟噜……”<br />
<br />
"Today, I want to invite you villagers to eat grapes! There are more than 100 varieties for you! You can eat and calculate the accounts. According to the market price, a bunch of grapes can sell for one yuan. You can count how many bunches of grapes..."<br />
<br />
数得过来吗?<br />
<br />
Can you count them all?<br />
<br />
最后的账目还是由会计算出来的,一亩葡萄的收益相当于1万斤小麦,100多亩葡萄超过了全村1500亩粮田的总收入！<br />
<br />
The final account was calculated by the accountant. The income of 1 mu of grapes was equivalent to 10,000 jin of wheat, and the income of more than 100 mu of grapes exceeded the total income of 1,500 mu of grain fields in the village!<br />
<br />
伊甸园的葡萄熟了,大姜家人的思想飞跃了！<br />
<br />
The grapes in the Garden of Eden were ripe, and the Jiang family had progressive thoughts!<br />
<br />
姜世谭又来了第二个惊险的跳跃:建立食品加工厂,生产葡萄罐头,增值！<br />
<br />
Jiang Shitan met the second thrilling challenge: setting up a food processing factory and producing canned grapes so as to increase the value of grapes!<br />
<br />
食品厂在斗争中建起来了,开工40天,产值就达14万元。<br />
<br />
The food factory was built in a struggle. The output value reached 140,000 yuan after 40 days of operating.<br />
<br />
“凡是要改革ー项事情,总是有阻力。毛主席去世后,两个’凡是’听得多顺溜? 一说毛主席有错误有缺点,农民根本不承认这个事。搞大包干、责任制,可又舍不得丢掉大锅饭;要搞商品生产,阻力更大,这次改革是农民改行呀!农民做工, 书记当经理。过去是春天捅一棍,秋天吃一顿,现在像《霍元甲》主题歌里唱的: ’沉睡百年,国人渐已醒,睁开眼吧,抬头看吧’,和几千年的小农生产方式决裂了。”<br />
<br />
"There are always obstacles whatever things we want to reform. After Chairman Mao's death, we are used to listening to 'Two Whatevers' (it refers to the statement that we will resolutely uphold whatever policy decisions Chairman Mao made, and unswervingly follow whatever instructions Chairman Mao gave). When Chairman Mao is said to have made mistakes and shortcomings, farmers simply refuse to admit it. When we introduce the household responsibility system, farmers still want to mess together to eat food prepared in a large canteen. It’s more difficult if we want to carry out commodity production. This reform will push farmers to change their careers! Farmers do the work, and secretaries are managers. In the past, farmers worked in spring and harvested in autumn. Now, as the theme song of Fearless sings: 'After a hundred years of sleeping, Chinese people have gradually woken up. Open your eyes and look up'. Now it is totally different from the peasant mode of production for thousands of years. "<br />
<br />
草店流行红裙子<br />
<br />
Red Skirts are Popular in Forage Store<br />
<br />
——生活秩序、审美心理一见<br />
<br />
—Life Order and Aesthetic Psychology can be Found<br />
<br />
一走进草店大队,不时地看到ー些穿红裙子的姑娘,那么惹目。<br />
<br />
As soon as I walk into the production brigade of forage store, I see some girls in red skirts from time to time, who catch my eye.<br />
<br />
她们来自何方?<br />
<br />
Where do they come from?<br />
<br />
两年前,党支部书记王明福六进天津请来ー个病休的女工程师,一下子给她涨了20级工资（月工资300元,路费、生活费全包）,建起了一个染线厂。结果是:请了一个人,办了一个厂,富了一个村。后来又在染线厂的基础上办起了羊毛衫厂。整个草店的生活秩序改变了,实行生产责任制后的两个“剩余”（剩余劳力、剩余时间）变成了两个“紧张”,又从外村雇用了 500多劳力,都是年轻的农村姑娘。<br />
<br />
Two years ago, Wang Mingfu, the Party branch secretary, hired a female engineer on sick leave in Tianjin, suddenly gave her a 20-fold increase in salary (her monthly salary was 300 yuan, and travel expenses and living expenses are all included), and set up a dyeing factory. As a result, a person was hired, a factory was set up, and a village was rich. Later, a wool sweater factory was set up thanks to the dyeing factory. The life order of the whole forage store has changed. After the implementation of the production responsibility system, the two "surpluses" (surplus labor and surplus labor time) have become two "tensions", so more than 500 laborers have been employed from other villages, all of whom were young rural girls.<br />
<br />
这些来自南庄北疃的姑娘们,一开始是带着一些羞涩和矜持走上草店那带有路灯的、25米宽的大路的。可是织布机很快改变了老一辈留给她们的旧有的生活节奏。她们不再像父辈们那样,日出而作,日落而息。这个“不夜村”里,她们见面不再用父辈的“上山下山”,而是互相招呼着:“你夜班?”“你白班?”“你上班?”“你下班?”每当说着的时候,你可以看出她们内心的自豪和欢悦。她们也像城里人ー 样,提兜里装上一个铝饭盒,吃饭的时候聚在ー起,说着班上的一些事情。她们织出的羊毛衫印上蓬莱阁图案,运到了东北、陕北、山西、河南……她们的审美观已不满足于过去的头上插一朵野花、扎一根红头绳,现在她们用自己挣的工资买来了最时兴的红裙子。（I changed 瞳 with 疃）<br />
<br />
These girls from villages across China started to walk on the 25-meter-wide road with street lamps in the forage store with some shyness and reserve. However, the loom quickly changed the old life rhythm left by the older generation. They no longer worked at sunrise and rest at sunset like their parents. Instead, in this "sleepless village", they no longer said "going up and down the mountain" like their parents when they meet, but greeted each other: "Do you work night shifts?" "You work the day shift?" "You go to work?" "You're off duty?" Whenever they talk, you can see their inner pride and joy. Like people in the city, they carry an aluminum lunch box in their buckets, gather together when eating, and talk about some things in the workshop. The wool sweaters they knitted were printed with Penglai Pavilion patterns and shipped to Northeast China, Northern Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan... They were no longer satisfied with putting wild flowers and tying red ropes on their heads in the past, but now they have bought the most fashionable red skirts with their own wages.<br />
<br />
去访问一个穿红裙子的姑娘吧!<br />
<br />
Let’s go and interview a girl in a red skirt!<br />
<br />
她叫姜利华,是附近上口姜家大队社员,今年21岁,她胖乎乎的,生着一个端正的小翘鼻子,头发梳成两个“把把”,发梢是烫过的,显得很有韵致。<br />
<br />
She is Jiang Lihua, a member of the nearby Jiang’s production brigade. She is 21 years old. She is chubby, has a straight, wide flat nose, and two braids. Her hair tips are permed, which makes her look very charming.<br />
<br />
“你为什么到这里来?”<br />
<br />
"Why do you come here?"<br />
<br />
“不愿意在家种地。”她爽直地向我笑笑,胖胖的手来回搓着。<br />
<br />
"I don't want to cultivate land at home." She said with a frank smile, rubbing her plump hands back and forth.<br />
<br />
“家里分那么几亩地,也用不着闺女家,还有她哥,她爹。”陪伴我的离职老队长在一边插言。<br />
<br />
"A family with a few mu of land doesn’t need the help of daughters. Her brother and her father will do it." The departing captain who accompanied me interjected at the side.<br />
<br />
“你打算在这里干到什么时候?”<br />
<br />
"How long are you going to work here?" <br />
<br />
“干到工厂’黄’了的时候……不’黄'就在这里干!”<br />
<br />
"When the factory is bankrupted... if it runs well, I will work here!"<br />
<br />
“你去年收入了多少?”<br />
<br />
"How much did you earn last year?"<br />
<br />
“1010块,年底开支一大摞,没敢往家喊（拿）,公社信用社在这里,存了活期, 存折交给俺爹……”<br />
<br />
"1010 yuan. Because there were a lot of expenses at the end of the year, I didn't dare to take home. The rural credit cooperative is here, so I saved money in a savings account, and handed the passbook to my father..."<br />
<br />
“你花钱怎么办?”<br />
<br />
"What will you do if you want to spend money?"<br />
<br />
“问俺爹要……哎呀,你记这些干什么?让人家笑话。”<br />
<br />
"Ask my dad to... Oh, why do you write down these? People will laugh at me."<br />
<br />
“你爹妈高兴吧?”<br />
<br />
"Are your parents happy?"<br />
<br />
老队长:“他们当然高兴,她一个人挣的顶他们全家!”<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Of course they are happy. She alone earns more money than the whole family combined!"<br />
<br />
姑娘抿嘴一笑:“以前俺上下班骑俺二姐的自行车,今年俺爹托人上北沟买了辆'金鹿’。他说:’华,这辆车子就是你的了,好好骑。’俺回家一干活他就说:’不用不用,你去睡觉吧。’大姐二姐都不如我。上夜班带饭,俺妈都非给两个鸡蛋拿着。”<br />
<br />
The girl chuckled: "I used to ride my second sister's bicycle to commute. But this year, my father asked someone to go to Beigou to buy a 'Jin Lu' (it is a famous bicycle brand at that time). He said, 'Hua, it is yours, so take good care of it.' As soon as I got home to do housework, he said, 'No, no, you can go to bed.' The oldest sister and the second sister are not as good as me. When I take meals on the night shift, my mother insists on giving me two eggs."<br />
<br />
老队长:“你看看那些上夜班的闺女,哪个不拿鸡蛋?早先还有她们的?都是 早晨打给她爹她哥吃了。”<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Look at those girls who work the night shift. Which one doesn't take eggs? In the past, it was impossible. These eggs belonged to her father and brother in the morning."<br />
<br />
“明天王绪庙会,俺妈说给俺和嫂子一人20元钱,再添些夏天衣裳。”<br />
<br />
"Tomorrow it's the Wangxu Temple Fair, so my mother said she will give me and my sister-in-law 20 yuan so that we can buy summer clothes."<br />
<br />
老队长:“还添衣裳！如今的姑娘家,哪个的衣裳都是一身一身的。也不嫌衣裳多了生虫子!”（I changed 氏 with 长）<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Buy more clothes? Today's girls have too many clothes. They do not worry about more clothes will attract bugs?"<br />
<br />
“出去旅游过吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have you ever traveled?"<br />
<br />
“还没有!”<br />
<br />
"Not yet!"<br />
<br />
老队长:“可不喜去,一点好处也没有。招远的一帮子坐拖拉机上蓬莱阁,车翻沟里去了,一下子死了俩！再说听景有景,看景没景。逛一趟泰山来回得花一百多,还不如在家里喝100斤酒!”<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Travelling is not preferred. It's no good at all. Some people in Zhaoyuan City went to Penglai Pavilion on a tractor, which turned over the ditch, and two of them died at once! Besides, listening to other’s introduction of the scenery is better than watching the scenery. It takes more than 100 yuan to visit the Mount Tai. It is better to drink 100 jin of wine at home!"<br />
<br />
姑娘没有吭声,也许她自有主张。<br />
<br />
The girl didn't say anything. Maybe she had her own ideas.<br />
<br />
回到招待所里,我思绪不能平息。过去这个村子是蓬（莱）黄（县）公路上的一个马车店,因兼卖草料而得名“草店”。至今老人们还能背下流传几辈子的歌谣: “草店穷,穷草店,吃水要走二里半,去时穿花鞋,回时露鸭蛋（后脚跟）,有女不嫁穷草店。”从歌谣中的“花鞋”二字猜测,这歌谣一定是受尽了苦楚的妇女们编出来的。而今妇女们进草店也不是那么容易了。王明福规定,来草店做工的姑娘除了要经过考试外,模样不耐看的不要,个头不高的不要——来记者照相没有机器高那还行吗?以后不光要会说中国话,还要会说外国话的——这里常有外宾来。<br />
<br />
After I returned to the guesthouse, my thoughts couldn't calm down. In the past, this village was an inn on Peng Huang (or Lai County) Highway, which was named forage store because it also sold forage. Up to now, the old people can still recite the ballad that has been passed down for several generations: "The forage store is poor. So poor the forage store is. It takes two and a half li to drink water. You wear beautiful shoes when you go there, but expose your heel when returning back. If you have a daughter, you won’t let her marry the guy in the poor forage store." From the words "beautiful shoes" in the ballad, it is guessed that this ballad must have been made up by women who suffered a lot. Nowadays, it is not so easy for women to be hired in this forage store. Wang Mingfu stipulates that girls who come to work here should not only pass the exam, but should be tall and easy on the eyes. After all, the reporter can’t take picture of her if she is not as tall as a camera. In the future, they should not only speak Chinese, but also speak foreign languages, because foreign guests often come here.<br />
<br />
在我门ロ一边,有一个卖杂货的摊贩,五十多岁年纪,戴着一副眼镜,一条眼镜腿断了,是用麻线拴在耳朵上的。在那些杂七杂八的货摊上,竟还摆放着一本《性的知识》,书的后面被老汉用钢笔把“0.32元”改为“0.45元”。黄昏,一个穿红裙子的姑娘匆匆走过我的窗前,她向四周瞥了一眼,丢下一元钱,拿起那本书,就红着脸跑开了。<br />
<br />
Near our door was a grocery vendor, who was in his fifties and wore a pair of glasses. One of his glasses legs was broken, so it was tied to his ears with a hemp rope. On those stalls with all kinds of matters, there was ''Knowledge of Sex'', which was surprising. At the back of the book, the old man changed 0.32 yuan to 0.45 yuan with a pen. At dusk, a girl in a red skirt hurried past my window, glanced around, dropped one yuan, picked up the book, and ran away with her face turning red.<br />
<br />
她们渴望了解世界,也渴望了解自身!<br />
<br />
They are eager to know the world and themselves!<br />
<br />
尽管还带着一点羞涩。<br />
<br />
Although they are a little shy.<br />
<br />
我看到老汉并未打算给姑娘找零钱,而是从屁股下的木箱里又拿出了一本《性的知识》,摆在原处,好像是唯一的一本。<br />
<br />
I saw that the old man did not intend to give the girl change, but took out another ''Knowledge of Sex'' from the wooden box under his ass and placed it on the original place. It seemed that this was the last one.<br />
<br />
文明,又被蒙上了不文明的尘埃。生活中的ー些事情,往往是这样以多种色调出现的。<br />
<br />
Civilizations get buried under layers of dust again. Some things in life often appear in various colors.<br />
<br />
村庄里的都市<br />
<br />
A City in the Village<br />
<br />
——金钱观念一瞥<br />
<br />
—The Introduction of Their concept of Money<br />
<br />
解放上海的时候,在广东同乡会门口的马路上,露天睡着我27军81师24I团 的一个年轻的机枪手,他有一米八的个子,打着绑腿,怀里抱着一挺“歪把子”。早晨醒来,他看到那高大的楼门上挂着一块牌子:“XX股份有限公司”。他好奇地问班长,那是干什么的?班长答不上;问排长,排长也答不上。后来得知,那是资本家集资做买卖......<br />
<br />
During the liberation of Shanghai, a young autorifleman from the 241 Regiment of the 81st Division of our 27th Corps fell asleep in the open air on the road at the entrance of Guangdong Townsmen Association. He was 1.8 meters tall, wearing puttees and holding a Type 11 light machine gun in his arms. When he woke up in the morning, he saw a sign hanging on the tall building door: "XX Co., Ltd.". He asked the monitor curiously. The monitor can't answer him and neither can the platoon leader. Later, he learned that it was capitalists who raised funds to do business...<br />
<br />
现在这个机枪手已经65岁了,他是孙陶大队“蔚阳农工商联合公司”总经 理——孙陶是烟台地区最早改为“公司”的大队。他毕竟不是当年的机枪手了,牙齿脱落,嘴巴瘪瘪的,有点像画中的“太上老君”,而他的改革的某些方面也带有封 建家长制的色彩。在“农工商联合公司”的牌子旁边,还挂着一块“村政府”的大牌子。他的穿戴也是几个时代混合着:上身着旧蓝布褂,下身穿军裤,脚上却跋拉着 泡沫拖鞋。左右上衣兜甩齐插ー支钢笔,显得不伦不类。窗外则同时传来机耕声和豆腐梆子声。<br />
<br />
Now this autorifleman is 65 years old. He is the general manager of Weiyang Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Joint Company of Sun Tao Brigade. Sun Tao was the first brigade to transform to company in Yantai City. After all, he was not the autorifleman of that year. His teeth fell out and his mouth was flat, which made him like the Daode Tianzun in the painting. Some aspects of his reform also had the color of feudal patriarchal system. Next to the sign of "Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Joint Company" was also a big sign of "Village Government". His dressing style was also a mixture of several times: he wore an old blue cloth jacket on the top, military trousers on the bottom, but wore foam slippers with his heels crushing the back of them. It was neither fish nor fowl to put a pen in the left and right upper pockets respectively. Outside the window, there was the sound of tractor ploughing and using wood blocks to sell tofu.<br />
<br />
“老李呀,一句话,我抓钱!过去咱总怕钱烧手,现在重点搞经济建设,这个观 念不转不行!我现在四个经理部:农业经理部、エ副业加工经理部、商业经理部、供 销经理部。农业经理部下设机械、饲养、技术队、林业队、二林队、鸡场、菜园子、花 场……エ副业加工部下设木业、石子场、预制件厂、面粉厂、挂面厂、铸造厂、刀具 厂、酿造厂……商业经理部下设中医、缝纫、塑料厂、冷食店、浴池、饭店、商店、糕 点、面包厂、水果、牙科诊所、照相馆……应有尽有,我要把孙陶建成个小城市,小上海。”我赞同地说:“你这里成了村庄里的都市了 !”<br />
<br />
"Old Li, in a word, I make money! In the past, we were always afraid that money burns a hole in our pocket, but now we focus on economic development. As a result, we have to change our concept! Now I have four management departments: agricultural management department, sideline processing management department, commercial management department, and supply and marketing management department. Agricultural management department consists of machinery, feeding, technical team, forestry team, chicken farm, vegetable garden, flower farm... The sideline processing department consists of wood industry, gravel field, prefabricated parts factory, flour factory, fine dried noodles factory, foundry, tool factory and brewery... The commercial management department consists of Chinese medicine, sewing, plastic factory, cold food shop, public bath, restaurant, shop, pastry, bread factory, fruit stalls, dental clinic and photo studio... I have everything. I want to transform Sun Tao into a small city like Shanghai." I agreed and said," It has become a city in the village! "<br />
<br />
他接下去:“你刚オ去洗澡了,我那个浴池怎么样?比你们济南不差吧!花了9万块!全是瓷砖铺地,从这里到黄县25里,到蓬莱40里,没有浴池!现在两毛五一个票,社员不用到河沟里洗澡了。青年妇女最愿意洗澡了,她们愿干净,过去都在晚上到河里洗一洗。凡来洗澡的人都说这是个好事!”<br />
<br />
He went on: "You just went to take a bath. How about my public bath? It's not worse than that in Jinan, right? It costs 90,000 yuan! The rooms are all paved with ceramic tiles. There is no public bath 25 miles from here to Huangxian County and 40 miles to Penglai! Now, with a ticket of 25 cents, members don't have to take a bath in the river ditch. Young women are most willing to take a bath because they want to be clean. They used to take a bath in a river at night. Everyone who comes to take a bath says public bath is a good thing! "<br />
<br />
“牙科、照相、水果这些小门面能盈多少利?”<br />
<br />
"How much profit can these small stores like dental clinic, photo studio and fruit stalls make?"<br />
<br />
“盈利不多,可碎金子也是金子呀!我的包子铺商号叫‘半分利’,它有吸引 力,喝茶水不要钱,都愿来。茶水喝多了,刮肚子,肚子空落落的,就要吃包子,不吃 包子,尿尿也是咱的肥料。别看这个小店,一年纯利润ー万四五千。”<br />
<br />
"There is not much profit, but it doesn’t matter! My Baozi shop is called Half Profit, which is attractive. It’s free for drinking tea, so everyone wants to come here. If you drink too much tea, you’ll feel hungry, so you’ll buy our Baozi. Even though you don’t buy it, your urine is also our fertilizer. Don't ignore this small shop, the annual net profit is 14,500 yuan."<br />
<br />
老经理好动,坐在沙发上讲着,不时探出身子拍打一下我的脚面:<br />
<br />
The old manager was hyperactive, sitting on the sofa, talking, and leaning out from time to time to pat my feet:<br />
<br />
“人是钱架的,鳖是水架的。过去是越穷越革命,老鹰拴在鳖脖子上,有能耐也 飞不起来！现在,为了抓钱,我还搞了个’集体入股’。最小十元一股,多者千元一股。农民攒钱怕人,这样入股,提高了集体主义思想,他觉得公司也有他的一份。 我带头入了一万元的股。股金分红按四六。彭真讲'把社会上资金集中起来,长期使用’,做事要有上面精神,打起官司来有说头。’肥水不外流’嘛！我还向你们牟平李德海介绍过这个法儿。”<br />
<br />
"Water is to turtles what money is to people. In the past, we were poor but we worked hard to reform, just like the eagle who was tied to the neck of the turtle, could not fly though it was capable! Now, in order to raise fund, I also promote collective ownership. You can buy a stock with 10 yuan at the minimum, or you can buy a stock with over 1,000 yuan. Taking shares in this way improves collectivism for farmers saving money are worried that others will steal their money. They feels that the company also has their shares. I took the lead to become a shareholder by buying stocks with 10,000 yuan. We’ll split the money forty-sixty. Peng Zhen once said, 'Pool the funds in the society and use them for a long time.' We should have the spirit of superiors so that we can find excuses when we start a lawsuit. 'Every miller draws water to his own mill.'! I also introduced this method to Li Dehai, your home folks in Muping."<br />
<br />
我说:“这种做法合适吗?”<br />
<br />
I said, "Is this appropriate?"<br />
<br />
他并不理会我:“上头财政把得那么死,我们自己为什么不能搞活点?反正在这个小村里我说了算。不宾（佩）服?谁的老婆在家干吗我都知道！我宾服李德 海这个人,有经济头脑。前ー阵子传谣言,说李德海被抓起来了,罪名是什么?’强奸妇女’!当时我就不信。”他忽然压低声音,“别说他那么大的家业忙得没有心思,就是有那个心思,像他这样的英雄还用强奸?……”<br />
<br />
He didn’t answer this question: "The requirements of finance are so rigid, so why can't we be flexible?" Anyway, I have the final say in this small village. People all admire me! I even know what other’s wife is doing at home! I respect that Li Dehai knows how to make money. A while ago, rumors spread that Li Dehai had been arrested. The crime is sex assault! I didn't believe it at that time." He suddenly lowered his voice," He is too busy in managing his own company. Even if he wants to rape a woman, a person like him needs to do that?..."<br />
<br />
对这话,我只能报以苦笑。<br />
<br />
To this, I can only laugh bitterly.<br />
<br />
神秘的登州商行<br />
<br />
A Mysterious Trading Company in Dengzhou<br />
<br />
——信息观念及其他<br />
<br />
—Information Concept and Other Things<br />
<br />
如果有人每年花3万元租金在城里租一层宾馆,你一定会感到不可思议,如果这个人是一个走出磨道的农民,那你更会惊奇不已！<br />
<br />
If someone spends 30,000 yuan a year to rent a hotel in the city, you will feel incredible. If this person is a farmer who walks out of the mill, you will be even more surprised!<br />
<br />
这是乡下农民进城办的ー个商行。宾馆门口“登州商行”四个钢铁铸的大字, 是花800元从青岛请了著名书法家写的。曾几何时,高晓声笔下的陈奂生在县城的宾馆里闹出了一通又一通的笑话,这个“登州商行”里是否还有陈奂生这样的农民呢?<br />
<br />
This is a trading company run by rural farmers coming to cities. The four big characters of "Dengzhou Trading Company" at the entrance of the hotel were written by a famous calligrapher invited from Qingdao by spending 800 yuan. Once upon a time, Chen Huansheng, a character in a work written by Gao Xiaosheng, made a fool of himself again and again in hotels of county towns. Is there a farmer like Chen Huansheng in this trading company?<br />
<br />
我在这个商行的总经理室见到的第一个人物是位20岁出头的姑娘,她叫吴鸿岩,圆胖胖的脸,扎两个把把,眉眼中带有农村姑娘的憨厚和灵秀。<br />
<br />
The first person I met in the general manager's office of this trading company was a girl in her early twenties. She was Wu Hongyan, with a round chubby face and two braids. From her appearance, I could find the characteristics of a rural girl, simple and smart.<br />
<br />
我进门时,她正俯在ー个大书案上从四十多份报刊中检索,把有关商品信息的 部分剪贴起来。有些报刊是我从来没见过的:《上海译报》《上海物资市场》《致富报》《市场周报》《经济预测》《农村金融》《深圳特区报》《湖南经济报》……<br />
<br />
When I entered the door, she was leaning over a large desk, searching from more than 40 newspapers and periodicals, and cutting and pasting some information about commodities. Some newspapers and periodicals I have never seen before: ''Shanghai Translation Newspaper'', ''Shanghai Material Market'', ''Success Newspaper'', ''Market Daily'', ''Economic Forecast'', ''Rural Finance'', ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'', and ''Hunan Economic Newspaper''...<br />
<br />
“你是秘书吗?”我发问。<br />
<br />
"Are you the secretary?" I asked.<br />
<br />
“没有那么大,是文书。”她赧然一笑。<br />
<br />
"No, I’m not a high-ranking member. I’m a clerk." She smiled bashfully.<br />
<br />
当知道我是职业创作员时,她竟和我从文学角度探讨起社会问题:“你说现在农民身上有没有阿Q精神?”<br />
<br />
When she knew that I was a professional creator, she discussed social problems with me from a literary point of view: "Do you think there is Ah Q spirit in farmers now?"<br />
<br />
我一下子回答不上来。<br />
<br />
I can't answer it at once.<br />
<br />
她认真地说:“我一直在想这个问题。阿Q精神是有的。农民和土地绑在一块儿,受了欺侮也走不出去,就得自己安慰自己。有时候没有阿Q精神就活不 下去。”<br />
<br />
She said seriously, "I have been thinking about this question. I think they have Ah Q spirit. Farmers have strong relationships with the land, and they can't go to other places after being bullied, so they have to comfort themselves. Sometimes they can't live without Ah Q spirit."<br />
<br />
这话不是在《文艺报》组织的农村题材座谈会上,而是出自一个穷乡僻壤的农村姑娘之口!<br />
<br />
This was not at the symposium on rural themes organized by Wen yi bao (Literature and Art Newspaper), but from a rural girl in the backcountry!<br />
<br />
她的哥哥吴鸿康走进来了,他是这个商行的副经理,也一起参与“农民政治经济学”的讨论:“农村有些干部很像’土皇帝’!责任制某种意义上就是分散他们的权力,冲破旧的组合!为什么责任制受到群众那么拥护?不值得干部思考吗?我们为什么进城?就是为了摆脱大队给我们的束缚！人挪活,树挪死。我们出来不是为挣钱的,为了干一番事业给他们看看!”<br />
<br />
Her older brother Wu Hongkang, deputy manager of this firm, came in and also participated in the discussion of peasant political economy: "Some rural cadres are very similar to local tyrants! In a sense, the responsibility system is to disperse their power and break through old patterns! Why is the responsibility system so supported by the masses? Isn't it worth thinking about by cadres? Why are we in town? Because we want to get rid of the shackles given to us by the brigade! Trees will die when moved, but people will become more alive. We didn't come out to earn money, but to show them our achievements!"<br />
<br />
吴鸿岩插话说:“农民进城办商行,免不了带有农民的痕迹。有了成绩容易满足,遇到挫折容易灰心丧气,办事不讲效率,拖拖拉拉。我们总经理对职员要求:农民进城必须去掉农民意识,搞商品流通,散漫不行。现在是信息时代,一些农民的旧习气不改,根本搞不好商品生产和商品流通。光蓬莱,我们这样的商行就有九 家,农民办的就有三家,竞争很厉害,不抓紧能行吗?我们搞正规化,每天五点半起床,跑步;六点钟回来,自学半个小时;七点开饭;七点半上班;中午十一点半下班……晚上九点又和全国各地办事处打电话,互通信息。”<br />
<br />
Wu Hongyan interjected: "When farmers go to cities to run a trading company, they will inevitably show the characteristics of farmers. For example, It is easy for them to satisfy with achievements, to be frustrated when encountering setbacks, to be inefficient and procrastinating. Our general manager asked the staff that farmers must get rid of bad habits of farmers when entering the city, because being lax won’t help commodity circulation. Now it is the information age, so commodity production and circulation will not be possible at all, if some farmers' old habits will not be changed. In Penglai alone, there are nine trading companies like ours and three run by farmers. The competition is fierce. Can we do it without working hard? We establish routines for them. They should get up and run at 5:30 every day; Come back at six o'clock and self-study for half an hour; Dinner is served at seven o'clock; Go to work at 7:30; Get off work at 11:30 noon... and call offices all over the country at 9:00 p.m. to exchange information."<br />
<br />
神秘的登州商行！<br />
<br />
Mysterious Dengzhou Trading Company!<br />
<br />
总经理侯日超出场了,夹着黑色皮包,穿着一身笔挺的西服,他40岁出头,方 方的额头,深深的眼窝,尖下巴,眼角有道道血丝,脸上表情淡漠,却隐示着ー种坚 毅。这个农民似乎是从地平线下突然冒出来的,不,确切地说,他是从土地里走出 来的,他大胆地割断了与土地的“脐带”,把承包的16亩责任田,全部转包给别人, 只要转包户每年向他全家每人提供200斤小麦、100斤花生,他用国家牌价购买,而 他和妻子都投身于这个商行的工作。他走出土地,同时也走出了自己的历史。作为ー个农民,他推过车,挑过担子, 整过“大寨田”,当过生产队长,还曾被评选为民兵“学习毛主席著作积极分子”。他好读书,好文娱,好搞创新性的玩意儿。当瓦匠,半年就掌尺,因为老瓦匠们舍不得花钱买工具,而他知道石家庄的泥板是最好的。村里搞剧团,他鼓鼓捣捣,组织起十来个人的小乐队。“文革”开始他又学会扎针,社员有个头痛脑热,不上公社医院,来找他。1983年承包橡胶厂,发了财,三个支部委员和一个大队长,天天去抢账,他一气之下走出了村庄……<br />
<br />
Hou Richao, the general manager, wearing a black trim suit, came. He was in his early 40s, with a square forehead, deep eye sockets, pointed chin, bloodshot eyes, and indifferent expression on his face, which showed a kind of perseverance. The farmer seemed to have popped up from below the horizon. No, to be exact, he came out of the land. He boldly cut off the "umbilical cord" with the land and subcontracted all the contracted 16 mu of land to others. As long as the subcontractor provided 200 kg of wheat and 100 kg of peanuts to his whole family every year, he bought them at the national quotation, so he and his wife devoted themselves to the work of this company. He walked out of the land and also out of his own history. As a farmer, he pushed cars, shouldered burdens, learn from Dazhai in agriculture" Campaign, worked as a production captain, and was once selected as an "activist in studying Chairman Mao's works" as a militia. He likes reading, entertainment activities and engaging in innovative things. When he was a bricklayer, he knew how to know the size in half a year, because the old bricklayers were reluctant to spend money on tools, but he knew that the clay tablets in Shijiazhuang were the best. When the village set up a troupe, he organized a small band of about a dozen people. At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, he learned acupuncture. Members who had a headache or fever didn't go to the commune hospital but came to him for help. In 1983, he contracted a rubber factory and made a fortune, so three branch members and a team leader went to take his credit every day. As a result, he left the village in anger...<br />
<br />
<br />
现在登州商行有四十多个职工,大都是在村里待得压抑的农民。侯日超一跃成为商行经理,下分经理办公室、供销科、总务科、财务科、信息科、工业科,现在分别在大连、沈阳、天津、北京、上海、青岛、哈尔滨等大城市派设有办事处和信息员。<br />
<br />
At present, there are more than 40 employees in Dengzhou Trading Company, most of which are depressed farmers in the village. Hou Richao has become the manager of it, and the company is divided into manager's office, supply and marketing department, general affairs department, finance department, information department and industry department. Now he has offices and information officers in Dalian, Shenyang, Tianjin, Beijing, Shanghai, Qingdao, Harbin and other metropolises.<br />
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信息观念在他们身上的建立,使我惊叹不已。<br />
<br />
I am amazed at their information concept.<br />
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“搞商品流通,必须到经济发达的地方去办,经济发达的地方文化也发达,文化 发达的地方,消费也发达,这样才能正确地了解市场。过去是秀才不出门,便知天下事,那是靠读书,现在光靠书本不行了,等书印出来,什么信息也晚了三秋。现在信息手段很多,电话、电报、广播、报纸、电视、联络网、社会交往。生产カ发展的历史,就是交往不断扩大的历史……马克思讲人与人之间的关系,是经济基础的核心,只有有了人与人之间的关系,才能去创造财富。现在我们采用了广泛联系的方针,在经济学上叫'广泛联合’,我们在这里是经营中心,在全国伸出了若干条腿, 借助各地大中心,发挥咱小中心的作用。这叫’经济横向联系’。”他随手撕下ー张 印刷的信息调查报告表,说,“在外的办事员、信息员、供销员定期ー个月寄回两 次。”这表上有物品种类、价格、规格型号、数量、信息编号、市场形势、预测分析,“我们还准备搞密码,考虑到经济信息要保密。我们还聘请了法律顾问、经济顾问、政策顾问。”<br />
<br />
"To engage in commodity circulation, we must go to economically developed places, where culture is also developed, and in the places where culture is developed, there is higher consumption level. Therefore, in these places, we can correctly understand the market. In the past, scholars knew what was going on in the world without going out, which depended on reading. Now, reading books alone can't do it. When books are printed, any information will be late. Nowadays, there are many means of information, such as telephone, telegraph, radio, newspaper, television, contact network and social communication. The history of production development is the history of expanding communication... Marx said that the relationship between people is the core of economic foundation, and only with the relationship between people can wealth be created. Now we have adopted the policy of extensive ties, or extensive alliance in economics. We are the business center here, stretching out a number of legs throughout the country, and playing the role of our small centers with the help of big centers in various places. This is called lateral economic ties." He tore off a printed information investigation report and said, "The clerks, information officers and supply and marketing staff who are outside regularly send it back twice a month." This form contained the type, price, specification, quantity, information number, market situation and forecast analysis of goods. "Considering that economic information should be kept confidential, we are also going to study cryptography. We have also hired legal advisers, economic advisers and policy advisers."<br />
<br />
在我面前的,绝不是“闰土”和“陈奂生”了 !<br />
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In front of me, it was by no means Run Tu and Chen Huansheng (they are two characters in novels)!<br />
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我顺手抓起一份信息剪报,在“山东莱芜羊里公社,可收获优质大蒜4万斤寻求销路”这一段文字下面有红笔标示。<br />
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I grabbed an information clipping conveniently, and there was a red pen mark under the paragraph "In Yangli Commune, Laiwu, Shandong Province, you can harvest 40,000 jin of high-quality garlic, which are waiting to be sold".<br />
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“你们准备买大蒜吗?”我问。<br />
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"Are you going to buy garlic?" I asked.<br />
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“香港八汇有限公司找我们订了 300吨,照国家外贸价。”<br />
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"Hong Kong Bahui Co., Ltd. ordered 300 tons of garlic from us and will pay us at the national foreign trade price."<br />
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“他们去莱芜联系过了吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have they gone to Laiwu to ask this thing?"<br />
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“没有。大蒜价格还要落,现在去联系价格不好商量。”<br />
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"No. The price of garlic is still falling. It is not easy to determine the price now."<br />
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“你何以预测出大蒜要落价?”<br />
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"How did you predict that garlic would fall in price?"<br />
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“第一个信息,今年蒜薰多,蒜薰丰收,大蒜也必然丰收。现在买是我们求他,将来买是他来求我!”<br />
<br />
"The first information is that this year's garlic scapes are abundant, so garlic will be abundant. If we buy it now, we will be at a disadvantage, but if we buy it in the future, they will be at a disadvantage! "<br />
<br />
其机敏可见一斑。<br />
<br />
His cleverness can be seen.<br />
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“我们搞的代购代销,是商品流通的一种形式,是市场调节的手段。现在我们 也考虑办工厂,先上纸箱厂、饮料厂、瓷雕厂、裘装厂——这个是和外商合办的。还 准备买专利……等到1985年可以打个漂亮仗,纯收入拿500万,向国家提供600 万元税收。蓬莱缺大旅馆,外国人来了还要回烟台去住。我们准备盖个十三层的高级旅馆,要有占地100亩的高尔夫球场,将来蓬莱以它特有的条件一蓬莱阁成 为烟台的贸易中心,吸引外商。他不了解你这些人,怎么投资?”<br />
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"Purchasing overseas products for others and consignment are forms of commodity circulation and a means of market regulation. Now we are also considering the establishment of factories, including carton factory, beverage factory, porcelain carving factory and fur factory. The fur factory is jointly organized with foreign businessmen. I'm also going to buy patents... By 1985, I can make great achievements, with a net income of 5 million yuan and a tax of 6 million yuan to the country. Penglai has no big hotels, so foreigners have to go back to Yantai to live when they come. Therefore, we are going to build a high-class hotel with 13 floors and a golf course covering an area of 100 mu. In the future, Penglai will become the trade center of Yantai with its unique building—Penglai Pavilion, attracting foreign businessmen. If they don't know you people, how can they invest money? "<br />
<br />
他回身用拇指指指墙上的彩色挂历,那是一幅夏威夷海滩浴场的照片:“你看 这夏威夷海滨,我们蓬莱为什么不能搞成这样?”<br />
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He turned around and pointed to the colorful calendar, a photo of Hawaii a seaside resort, on the wall with his thumb: "Look at it. Why can't Penglai be like this?"<br />
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他的笑容中或有当年“乐队队长”的率直和快乐。<br />
<br />
His smile may have the frankness and happiness of the band leader of that year.<br />
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“中国的革命,在某种意义上说是农民的革命,可是农民还没有得到应有的利 益。三中全会解决了这个问题,现在政策允许你的思维发展。过去在农村是智力 高的伺候智力低的。古话说:出头椽子先烂,烂也是ー辈子。不要珍惜你的生命, 一千岁又怎么样?要珍惜社会贡献……有人说我们吹牛X。随他!过去说吹牛X不纳税,现在吹牛X得纳税,不信试试!”<br />
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"China's revolution is the farmers’ revolution in a sense, but they have not yet got the benefits they deserve. The Third Plenary Session solved this problem, and now the policy allows you to think out of the box. In the past, people in the countryside with high intelligence served people with low intelligence. As the old saying goes, "If you stick your head out, you may be at a lifetime risk." Don't cherish your life. Who cares if you can live a very long time? We should cherish our social contributions... Some people say we are full of hot air. Who cares! In the past, it was said that bragging did not pay taxes, but now bragging has to pay taxes. If you don't believe it, just try it!"<br />
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第四章在历史的接合部上<br />
<br />
Chapter 4 At the Junction of History<br />
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是的,无数个瞬间,组成了人类历史的长河。<br />
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Yes, countless moments constitute the long river of human history.<br />
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历史学家在研究历史的时候,没有忽视“瞬间”这个历史的“微粒”。战争的决胜,国家的兴衰,在某个瞬间所引起的质变:项羽鸿门宴却步于樊哙之勇,司马懿一念败退于诸葛亮的空城计,希特勒对盟军诺曼底登陆之失算……历史往往在某个瞬间悄悄地开始了一个时代。国家、民族的命运是这样,个人的命运也是这样。但历史毕竟是个记忆衰退的老人,它向后人叙述的,大都是些概念,而文学,却需要到光阴之河里去捕捞无数充满感情色彩的细节,组成它的艺术生命。趁历史还没有走远,我们还来得及去回首看一看那打着时代变革印记的无数个瞬间。<br />
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When historians study history, they do not ignore the moments, which constitute the long river of human history. The decisive victory of a war, the rise and fall of a country, and the qualitative changes caused by a certain moment can be seen in history. Xiang Yu's Feast at Swan Goose Gate was discouraged from Fan Kuai's courage. Sima Yi failed because of Zhuge Liang's Empty Fort Strategy. Hitler made mistakes about his allied forces’ Normandy landings... History often quietly started an era at a certain moment. This is the fate of a country and a nation, and so is the fate of an individual. However, history is an old man with declining memory, and most of what he narrates to future generations are concepts. But if we want to know literature, we need to go to the river of time to salvage countless emotional details to form its artistic life. While history has not gone far, we still have time to look back and see the countless moments marked by the changes of the times.<br />
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那一瞬间,他们像没娘的孩子<br />
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At That Moment, They Were Like Motherless Children<br />
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——困惑篇<br />
<br />
—Confusion<br />
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“辛辛苦苦30年,一夜回到解放前！呜呜呜……”<br />
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"After 30 years of hard work, The situation is changed into that before liberation overnight! Boohoo..."<br />
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烟台地区责任制的巨大闸门终于被撬动起来之时,在栖霞县ー个山沟的野夼大队办公室里,7个党支部委员对着毛主席的画像伤心地哭了起来。<br />
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When the huge gate of the responsibility system in Yantai area was finally opened, seven Party branch members in the Yekuang brigade office of a ravine in Qixia County cried sadly at the portrait of Chairman Mao.<br />
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他们平均55岁,7个人中有6个当过八路军、3个二等残疾军人一个个是共 产党的忠诚战士。这里是革命老区,许世友司令员曾住在附近的东下布。他们给子弟兵缝过军装,养过伤员……是社会主义救了这个旧社会有名的“叫花子布”，今天有了果园,有了水库,有了马车,有了柴油机和拖拉机……<br />
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They were 55 years old on average. Six of the seven have worked in the Eighth Route Army, and three were second-class disabled soldiers. All of them were loyal fighters of the Communist Party. This was an old revolutionary base area, and Commander Xu Shiyou once lived in Dongxiabu nearby. They sewed military uniforms for their soldiers and raised the wounded... It was socialism that saved the famous backcountry in the old society. Today, there are orchards, reservoirs, carriages, diesel engines and tractors...<br />
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这些家业,都是他们听毛主席的话带领群众创出来的。今天毛主席订的某些章程要更改了,是在他老人家已经不在了的时候……<br />
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These possessions were created by them who led masses and followed Chairman Mao. Today, some constitutions made by Chairman Mao have to be changed when he has gone...<br />
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“呜呜呜……”老年人的哭声是悲怆的。<br />
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"Boohoo..." They wailed.<br />
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那一瞬间,他痛苦地否定了自己<br />
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At That Moment, He Painfully Denied Himself<br />
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——省悟篇<br />
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—Enlightenment<br />
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这是个倔老头儿!<br />
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This is a stubborn old man!<br />
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他很少服输。“文化大革命”中一连斗了他33次,在黄县,造反派都说他磨山 迟家是“小台湾”,而他迟本达,就是顽固不化的“蒋光头”。在批斗大会上,“造反派”踢他一脚,他当即回敬一拳,硬是把“造反派”给打散了。后来,他磨山迟家成了“红色革命根据地”,县里的老干部,干社会主义的“铁柱子”,每天有几百人在这里吃饭。现在他大小机械100多台,汽车3辆,拖拉机6台,果园!000亩,还搞不过你的“大包干”?他有空就悄悄往邻队地里一蹲,不是去学习,而是挑刺儿。<br />
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He seldom admitted defeat. During the Cultural Revolution, he experienced struggle sessions 33 times in a row. In Huang County, the rebels said that residents in the Moshanchijia village was Taiwanese, and he Chi Benda was the stubborn Chiang Kai-Shek. During the struggle session, when the rebels kicked him, he immediately responded with a punch, which dealt a blow to them. Later, this village became a revolutionary base; the Chi family became veteran cadre in the county and the backbone of socialism. Hundreds of people eat there every day. Now he has more than 100 machines, large and small, 3 cars, 6 tractors and 1000 mu of orchards. Isn’t it better than the household responsibility system? When he was free, he quietly appeared in the neighboring team, not to study, but to find fault.<br />
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和共和国同龄的县委书记杜世成,苦口婆心来劝说:“还是搞责任制好,700户社员,就有700个’队长’,专业化、社会化是今后的方向。”<br />
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Du Shicheng, secretary of the county party committee, was born in 1949, when the People’s Republic of China was found. He did his best to convince Chi and said: "It is better to engage in the household responsibility system. There are 700 captains for 700 households. Specialization and socialization are the future direction."<br />
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老头儿不服劲儿,又不得不做出样子,把大锅饭改成“中锅饭”,ー个大队分成 两个,12个生产队分成了 24个生产组,中央不是说“多种形式”吗?<br />
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The old man disagreed with him, but had to pretend to comply with his instructions, so he changed food prepared in a large canteen into food prepared in a medium-sized canteen. Besides, one brigade was divided into two, and 12 production teams were divided into 24 production groups. After all, the central government said they could introduce various forms.<br />
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年底公社列表张榜,挂到会议室正面墙上,迟本达不敢过去正视,因为磨山迟家这个一向当“领头雁”的,一下子变成了尾巴梢子,简直令人不敢相信,却又是千真万确的事实!<br />
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At the end of the year, the commune list was posted and hung on the front wall of the conference room. Chi Benda did not dare to face it up, because Chi's family, who has always taken the lead, suddenly performed bad, which was unbelievable, but was also real!<br />
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那一瞬间,老头子垂下了白花花的脑袋,却装着用手去搔头……<br />
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At that moment, the old man hung down his head with gray hair, but he pretended to scratch his head with his hands...<br />
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那一瞬间,他失明的双目透进了阳光<br />
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At That Moment, His Blind Eyes Feel Sunshine<br />
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——信仰篇<br />
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—Faith<br />
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掖县是烟台地区的“西南大门”,紧挨着责任制搞得较早的昌潍地区。当初有的领导同志曾提出:“掖县要挡住西南风!”<br />
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Ye County is the southwest gate of Yantai City, and it is next to Changwei area where the household responsibility system was established earlier. At the beginning, some leading comrades once said: "Ye County should block the southwest wind!"<br />
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一个双目失明的瘦小老人点着一根七尺长的竹竿走出来了,他是掖县过西乡徐家大队的当家人徐斌。这个双目失明的人当了30多年支部书记,他用一根竹竿探路,带着全村600多户人家,两千多口子人,从昨天走到今天。<br />
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A skinny old man who was blind came out with a seven-chi bamboo pole. He was Xu Bin, the head of Xu family brigade in Guoxi Township, Ye County. This blind man has been a branch secretary for more than 30 years. He used a bamboo pole to explore the way and took more than 600 households and more than 2,000 people in the village from the past to the present.<br />
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一切都是摸索过来的。这或许反映了中国农民在特殊条件下的历史进程!<br />
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He explored everything, which may reflect the historical process of Chinese farmers under special conditions!<br />
<br />
他是怎样把徐家大队领成一个“先进”啊一竹竿上刻着尺寸,翻过的地,他 要逐块去量一量,看是否够深度。社员剜谷苗,他要去摸一摸稀疏。到后来,有的社员锄地光锄地头,糊弄他这个瞎汉,他检查生产,不得不点着ー根竹竿,向青纱帐深处走去。过去,这一些被当作先进事迹,在各种会议上介绍,那其实是ー种多么深刻的悲剧,一种多么令人痛心的象征! !<br />
<br />
How did he lead the Xu family brigade into an advanced brigade? A bamboo pole was engraved with dimensions, so he had to measure the land one by one to see if it was deep enough. When members cut the grain seedlings, he was going to feel whether they were sparse. Later, some members only hoed in edge of a field to fool him because he was blind. Therefore, when he checked production, he had to walk with his bamboo pole to the depths of green fields. In the past, these were regarded as advanced deeds and introduced at various conferences. What a profound tragedy and a sad symbol!!<br />
<br />
他率先实行了生产责任制。用竹竿捅破那长期以来形成的不符合实际情况的固有观念!<br />
<br />
He took the lead in implementing the production responsibility system, so he eliminated the inherent concept that has taken root for a long time and did not conform to the actual situation with his bamboo pole!<br />
<br />
他率先发展了商品生产,办起了糖厂、面粉加工厂、冰库（这是我见到的第一座 农民冰库）、修配厂……<br />
<br />
He spearheaded the commodity production, like a sugar factory, a flour processing factory, an icehouse (this was the first farmer icehouse I have seen) and a repair factory...<br />
<br />
他不能看电影,却在全公社修起了第一座带座位的农民影院;他不能看书,却 办起了有数千册藏书的图书馆;他没有孩子在身边,却修起了连联合国的考察团也为之咋舌的幼儿园。<br />
<br />
He was unable to watch movies, but he built the first farmer cinema with seats in the whole commune. He was unable to read books, but he has set up a library with thousands of books. He had no children around, but he has built a kindergarten that even amazed the United Nations delegation.<br />
<br />
他看不见色彩,却在创造着彩色的生活！<br />
<br />
He can't see color, but he was creating a colorful life!<br />
<br />
王济夫带着《烟台日报》的总编辑刘鹏雁来到这里,激动不已,对总编辑说: “掖县有了领头人,发个头条!”<br />
<br />
When Wang Jifu came here with Liu Pengyan, editor-in-chief of Yantai Daily, he was excited and said to the editor-in-chief: "Ye County has a leader, so let’s make him hit the headlines!"<br />
<br />
理解,你是阳光,把心灵的阴影驱散。<br />
<br />
Understanding is sunshine, dispelling the shadow of a soul.<br />
<br />
徐斌像保存家珍似的把这份剪报贴在一个本子上。<br />
<br />
Xu Bin pasted this newspaper clipping on a notebook like keeping a family treasure.<br />
<br />
“还有磁带,是中央电台录制的,我拿给你听听。”他瞎瞎摸摸,挪动着瘦瘦的身躯,哼着小调,把磁带装到录音机里,按动开关,于是,关于他生命的信息,从女广播员那脆亮而充满感情的播音中传达出来:<br />
<br />
"There is also a tape, which was recorded by the central radio station. I will show it to you." He fumbled, moved his thin body, hummed a tune, loaded the tape into the tape recorder, and turned it on. So the message about his life was conveyed from the crisp and emotional voice of a female announcer:<br />
<br />
“《当你回首往事的时候》……”<br />
<br />
"When you look back..."<br />
<br />
我坐在他的侧面,看到他仍然沉浸在广播员那动情的朗诵之中。我看到了黑镜片后面那畸形的深陷的眼窝,像两个喷发过岩浆的火山口,他的嘴在微微翕动着。仅存无几的睫毛上沾着水汽,红红的眼窝噙满了泪水,那心灵的潮汛终于汇集成一股水流,向下淌去……<br />
<br />
I sat on his side and saw that he was still immersed in the emotional recitation of the announcer. I saw behind the black glasses the deformed, sunken eye sockets, like two craters of lava, and his mouth moved slightly. His eyelashes that had not been much left were covered by a layer of saturated vapour of water, and the red eye sockets were full of tears. Finally, his tears, the vent to his soul, fell down...<br />
<br />
我上车时,他伸出瘦瘦的手来向前摸索着,我知道他是在寻找我,要和我握别。<br />
<br />
When I got into the car, he stretched out his thin hand and groped forward. I knew he was looking for me because he wanted to shake my hands at parting.<br />
<br />
我握着他的手,久久不愿松开。<br />
<br />
I held his hands and refused to let go for a long time.<br />
<br />
在这一瞬间我想到:痛苦在于我们这些不失明的人,让一个失明的战士为我们探路！<br />
<br />
At this moment, I thought that the pain lies in us who were not blind, because we let a blind soldier explore the way for us!<br />
<br />
他是在用心看着道路。<br />
<br />
He looked at the way with his heart, not his eyes.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他求告无望,横下一条心<br />
<br />
At That Moment, He Failed to Receive Help, So He Determined to Do Something<br />
<br />
——励志篇<br />
<br />
—An Inspirational Story<br />
<br />
笑容,你来得是那么容易的吗?<br />
<br />
Smile, is it so easy for you to come?<br />
<br />
谭绪佑离开“大锅饭”时也感到过无所适从,过去的一切都是队上的“父母官”包揽,现在,他这瘦巴巴、一头卷发的汉子要自己去闯生活之路。<br />
<br />
Tan Xuyou felt at a loss when he no longer ate food prepared in a large canteen. In the past, everything was taken care of by members on the production team. Now, he, a thin man with curly hair, has to go his own way of life.<br />
<br />
到淄博去,嫂表弟建议他上个小作坊,生产“浮球式比重仪”,那是一家研究所设计的新产品。谭绪佑壮着胆子接回来试制,二十天后带着五只样品去了,研究所一鉴定,竟然惊奇不已:“这是你们搞的吗?国营厂三个月拿出来算快的!”<br />
<br />
When he went to Zibo, his cousin suggested that he go to a small workshop to produce floating ball hydrometer, which was a new product designed by a research institute. Tan Xuyou got the courage to have a trial production. After 20 days, he went with five samples. The institute identified them and was surprised: "Did you do this? It is fast for the state-owned factory to make them in three months!"<br />
<br />
“武宁电器厂”的牌子在这个偏远的滨海村庄挂起来了,赞同的目光,惊讶的目光,疑问的目光,嫉妒的目光都投向这个白漆黑字的木牌牌。<br />
<br />
The sign of "Wuning Electric Appliance Factory" was hung up in this remote coastal village. People looked at this wooden plaque white and black with admiration, surprise, suspicion or jealousy.<br />
<br />
一个夜晚,木牌牌不翼而飞。<br />
<br />
One night, the plaque disappeared.<br />
<br />
扛走木牌的人显然不是因为缺柴烧。<br />
<br />
It was obvious that those who carried away it were not short of firewood.<br />
<br />
木牌不值多少钱,可那是门面啊,打人还不打脸呢。<br />
<br />
Wooden plaque was not worth much money, but it represented the owner’s dignity. For example, if you hit others, you wouldn’t punch their face.<br />
<br />
谭绪佑去报告“父母官”,路上看到大队仓库的后窗被人撬了,他怀着对集体的感情,一并做了报告。<br />
<br />
Tan Xuyou went to report to the members on the production team. On the way, he saw that the rear window of the team warehouse had been pried. He cared for the team, so he also reported it.<br />
<br />
当天下午,队上的仓库后窗就派人钉上了,谭绪佑却在家等,等,等……<br />
<br />
In the afternoon, the rear window of the warehouse on the team was nailed, but Tan Xuyou waited at home for a long time...<br />
<br />
谭绪佑猛然省悟到什么,跺跺脚,自己做了一个沉甸甸的大铁牌子,焊上挂柱, 垒进墙里去了。<br />
<br />
Something suddenly dawned on Tan Xuyou, so he stamped his feet, made a heavy big iron sign, and welded the hanging column to build it into the wall.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他怒发冲冠,破门而出<br />
<br />
At That Moment, He Burst Out of the Door in A Rage<br />
<br />
——求索篇<br />
<br />
—Seeking<br />
<br />
是铁,就要经受锤炼。<br />
<br />
If it is iron, it must be tempered.<br />
<br />
有人向黄县平里院大队书记战学忠介绍,平陵县有一套设备,能使粉渣酿出酒来。<br />
<br />
Someone introduced to Zhan Xuezhong, secretary of Pingliyuan Brigade in Huang County, that Ping Ling County has a set of equipment, which can make wine from powder residue.<br />
<br />
年轻的书记被这桩便宜买卖迷住了,花五万元钱把这套设备买了下来,由那边派师傅帮助安装。<br />
<br />
The young secretary was fascinated by this cheap deal, so he spent 50,000 yuan to buy it and an employee there would help install it.<br />
<br />
一天、两天、三天……<br />
<br />
One day, two days, three days…<br />
<br />
一个月、两个月、三个月 <br />
<br />
One month, two months, three months...<br />
<br />
社员们眼巴巴地望着,等着出酒哩。<br />
<br />
The members watched eagerly, waiting for the wine to come out.<br />
<br />
可是酒总出不来。<br />
<br />
But the wine never came out.<br />
<br />
战学忠打电报叫对方厂长来,杳无讯息。<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong called the factory director, but there was no message.<br />
<br />
那天早上,忽然有人告诉战学忠:那两位“人质”跑了。<br />
<br />
That morning, someone suddenly told Zhan Xuezhong that the two "hostages" had run away.<br />
<br />
战学忠赶去ー看,果然人走屋空,留在酒厂的设备,成了一堆废铁!<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong rushed to see it. Sure enough, people left the house empty, and the equipment left in the winery became a pile of scrap metal!<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,战学忠血冲脑门,狠狠擂动着门板,他意识到被骗了。牵线人和平陵厂方合谋,把ー套毫无价值的设备坑给了他们。<br />
<br />
At that moment, Zhan Xuezhong was in a rage and severely beat the door panel when he realized that he had been cheated. The matchmaker conspired with the Pingling factory and gave them a set of worthless equipment.<br />
<br />
5万元哪,平里院的父老姊妹口挪肚省的血汗钱哪!<br />
<br />
50,000 yuan, the hard-earned money saved by the young and old in Pingliyuan!<br />
<br />
战学忠带着合同到县经济法庭控告,花15元钱打印了一份诉状,直奔平陵县。<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong took the contract to the county economic court, spent 15 yuan money to print a complaint, and went straight to Pingling County.<br />
<br />
平陵县的法庭庭长回家收责任田的小麦去了。<br />
<br />
The court president of it went home to collect wheat from the field he was responsible for.<br />
<br />
战学忠在旅馆等了七天,后来终于见到了法庭庭长,庭长说:“办成办不成,先交2500元的手续费,相当你损失的百分之五。”<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong waited in the hotel for seven days, and finally met the president of the court. The president said, "Whether it is successful or not, you should pay a handling fee of 2,500 yuan first, which is equivalent to 5% of your loss."<br />
<br />
他已几乎囊空如洗!<br />
<br />
He was almost broke!<br />
<br />
战学忠直接找到了工厂里,厂里的人告诉他,厂长换了,不能办!<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong directly went to the factory, and the employees in the factory told him that the factory director had been changed, so they could not help him!<br />
<br />
痛苦,已经超出了经济的范畴。<br />
<br />
The pain was not only derived from the lack of money.<br />
<br />
那个“一瞬间”成了一服明目的良药,使这个1978年オ认识火车的“乡巴佬”学会了商品生产的市场调查、信誉调查。<br />
<br />
That moment became a motivation for this hillbilly who knew the train to learn the market research and credit investigation of commodity production.<br />
<br />
北京王府井商场一块“电动剃须刀无货”的牌子,使他跑遍了南京、杭州、无锡、上海,亲自写出了一份三万言的电动剃须刀商品调查报告,接着把落满伤心泪的烧酒车间改成了电器车间,前后不到8个月。第一批电动剃须刀组装起来,拿到县里去鉴定,那些长着大胡子的局长、科长还不识其为何物！<br />
<br />
Seeing a sign of "Electric shavers are out of stock" in Wangfujing Shopping Mall in Beijing, he travelled all over Nanjing, Hangzhou, Wuxi and Shanghai, personally wrote a 30,000-word survey report on electric shavers, and then transformed the shochu workshop full of his sad memories into an electrical appliance workshop, which was less than 8 months before and after. When the first batch of electric shavers were assembled and taken to the county for identification, those bearded directors and section chiefs still didn't know what they were!<br />
<br />
平里院电器总厂的大牌子就这样堂而皇之地挂起来了。年产10万只,畅销11个省市,年获利润12万元。<br />
<br />
In this way, the big plaque of Pingliyuan Electric Appliance General Factory was hung up in public. The annual output was 100,000 in 11 provinces and cities, with an annual profit of 120,000 yuan.<br />
<br />
战学忠,这个曾受过骗的农民企业家两眼闪动着智慧之光,一边和我吃着自制的牛奶冰棍,一边给我讲着“企业经”和“做人经”。<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong, a farmer entrepreneur who has been deceived, had his eyes flashing with wisdom. While eating homemade milk popsicles with me, he told me how to run a successful enterprise and how to be a decent person.<br />
<br />
“我们乡镇企业是’游击队’,打一枪换一个地方。国营办一个厂子,光厂房连 批带盖得一两年,咱有间房子先干起来,等你厂房盖起来,咱产品又更新了。乡镇 企业,必须看市场什么最活,最快……市场变化一天一个样,甚至一个钟头一个样。 商品的竞争,是技术的竞争,信息的竞争,也是时间的竞争,有技术不用,转眼成了旧技术,一切都在更新换代。我们队办工业现在是由密集型到分散型——好多工序在社员家里……”<br />
<br />
"Our township enterprises are guerrillas, and they change a place after they fire a bullet. Approving and building a state-owned factory should take one or two years. When we have a house, we can work first, because when your factory is built, our products will be updated again. Township enterprises must know what is the most active and fastest in the market... The market changes every day, even every hour. Commodity competition is the competition of technology. The competition of information is also the competition of time. If there is technology that you don’t use, it will become old technology in an instant, because everything will be updated. Our brigade's business is now intensive and decentralized, which means many procedures are finished in the members' homes..." <br />
<br />
“咱平里院人是有志气的。县里调我我不去,不是干不了,也不是因为待遇,我舍不得这么多好群众。在我有生之年,一定要给他们闯出一条路来,让贫穷、愚昧的状况一去不复返,让那些为革命献出血和汗的群众不再寒心。现在大队二十六户烈属,每年补他们每户2000元。现在平里院再不是让人瞧不起的时候了。”<br />
<br />
"We Pingliyuan people are ambitious. It's not that I can't do it or because of the treatment when the county promoted me. I don’t want to start the new chapter of my life without so many good people. In my lifetime, I must find a way for them so that they can be free from poverty and ignorance forever, and let those people who shed blood and sweat for the revolution stop disappointed. Now the brigade’s twenty-six households whose families are martyrs will be compensated 2000 yuan per household every year. Now Pingliyuan has passed the time when it was looked down upon."<br />
<br />
第五章属于自己的日子<br />
<br />
Chapter 5 My Own Days<br />
<br />
1984年初夏,中南海紫光阁毗邻的ー间办公室里,我和人民文学杂志社的周 明同志、王南宁同志,以及女作家张洁,坐在一位长者的对面,听他谈农村体制改革 的有关问题。他讲话的时候,用手拨动着写字台上的一个玲珑的地球仪:<br />
<br />
In the early summer of 1984, in an office adjacent to Ziguangge Purple Chamber, Zhongnanhai, Comrade Zhou Ming, Wang Nanning of People's Literature, Zhang Jie, a female writer, and I sat opposite an elder and listened to him talking about the rural system reform. As he spoke, he rotated an exquisite globe on the desk with his hand:<br />
<br />
“如果说中国的农业改革出现了奇迹,它的秘密在什么地方?我认为在’家庭’两个字。这是逼出来的。现在我们千万不能把家庭经营的基础搞掉。从农业上来说,在发达国家,大量存在的是家庭农场。加拿大家庭农场占百分之九十以上,在美国,取得效益最大的也是家庭农场。社会的发展,还受家庭发展的制约。中国的基本国情是家庭这个细胞根深蒂固。几个家庭结合在一起,就不如一个家庭发展快……<br />
<br />
"If there is a miracle in China's agricultural reform, where is its secret? I think it lies in the word family. Because there is no choice. Now we must not get rid of the foundation of family management. In terms of agriculture, there are a large number of family farms in developed countries. Canadian family farms account for more than 90%, and in the United States, family farms have achieved the greatest benefits. The development of society is also restricted by family development. The basic national condition of China is that the family is deeply rooted. If several families are combined, they will not develop as fast as one family...<br />
<br />
“中国农村的自然半自然、自给半自给的传统经营方式,将要被摧毁。一个巨大的、繁荣的中国农村市场将要在世界上出现!<br />
<br />
"The natural, semi-natural, self-sufficient and semi-self-sufficient traditional business model in China's rural areas will be destroyed. A huge and prosperous Chinese rural market will appear in the world!"<br />
<br />
“太平洋经济时代将要到来!世界的经济重心将从欧洲移到亚洲。在中国将要出现一条黄金海岸……”<br />
<br />
"The Pacific economic era is coming! The economic center of gravity of the world will shift from Europe to Asia. There will be a gold coast in China..."<br />
<br />
他又转动了一下地球仪,世界在迅速地旋转着。<br />
<br />
He rotated the globe again, and the world was spinning rapidly.<br />
<br />
我踏着旋转的地球,从紫光阁下走进了胶东的一座座农屋……<br />
<br />
Stepping on the rotating earth, I walked into the farmhouses in Jiaodong from under Ziguangge...<br />
<br />
兄弟们<br />
<br />
Brothers<br />
<br />
——关于性文化<br />
<br />
—Sexual Culture<br />
<br />
国外一位学者说过,只有当一个男人和一个女人结合在一起的时候才是一个完整的人,这也许就是某些长期过独身生活的人为什么在个性上存有某种怪癖的原因。<br />
<br />
A foreign scholar said that only when a man and a woman are together, they become complete people, which may be the reason why some people who have lived celibacy for a long time have some quirks in personality.<br />
<br />
我见到已经40岁的满玉贵时,他刚从滑石坑里爬上来。这个滑石专业户身上沾着白色的滑石粉,坐在那里,没有笑容,没有表情,没有言语,只是闷头抽着烟——他已被生活的雕刀雕刻成一个早衰的“滑石人”！<br />
<br />
When I met Man Yugui, who was 40 years old, he had just climbed up from the talc pit. This talc specialist is stained with white talc powder, sitting there, without smile, expression or words, just smoking a cigarette—he has been carved into an early aging "talc man" by the carving knife of life!<br />
<br />
满家是有名的“光棍堂”,兄弟三个,加一个老父亲。三间草屋住着四个光棍, 没有空间容纳异性。<br />
<br />
The Man family were famous bachelors, with three brothers and an old father. There were four bachelors living in three huts without room for the opposite sex.<br />
<br />
大队干部像在为一块化石做讲解:“……咱村守着滑石山,过去不让开,后来王 济夫书记在喇叭里号召大伙儿勤劳致富,弟兄三个去年干了一年,成了万元户……是不是玉贵?”<br />
<br />
The cadres of the brigade seemed to be explaining for a fossil: "... Our village guards the talc mountain and prohibited others from mining. Later, Secretary Wang Jifu called on everyone to work hard and get rich in the horn. The three brothers worked for a year last year and became the household with 10,000 yuan... Right, Yugui? "<br />
<br />
满玉贵抬起头来,不正眼看人,“嗯”了一声,又闷下头去。<br />
<br />
Man Yugui looked up, didn't look at people. "Yes", and he lowered his head again.<br />
<br />
“去年盖了四间新瓦房,老六说上了媳妇。先弟弟,后哥哥……是不是玉贵?”<br />
<br />
"Last year, four new tile houses were built, and the sixth child of your family got married. The First one who got married was your little brother, then your older brother... Right, Yugui?"<br />
<br />
这话半带戏谑,满玉贵脖子转了转,没有吱声。<br />
<br />
This was kind of banter, so Man Yugui turned around without making a reply.<br />
<br />
满玉贵也曾有过美好的青春年华,身上充满了生命的汁水。可是,当他进入 “青春发育期”的同时,也进入了“饥寒交迫期”。那一年,老五得了“老虎卡”死在医院里,交不上住院费,医院不让往回拉尸首,一家人四处求借,又把一口半大猪卖掉,才把小尸首拉回来。没几天老三得了同样的病,医院干脆拒之门外,活活死在家里了。<br />
<br />
Man Yugui once had the best years, and his body was full of the juice of life. However, when he entered the puberty period, he also entered the "hunger and cold period". That year, Lao Wu infected leprosy and died in the hospital. They couldn't pay the hospitalization fee, so the hospital wouldn't let them pull the corpse back. The family asked for loans everywhere, and sold a pig neither too big nor too little so that they could pull the corpse back. A few days later, the third child got the same disease, so the hospital simply turned away and the child died at home.<br />
<br />
从那,900元的债务一直压得四条汉子直不起腰来。<br />
<br />
Since then, the debt of 900 yuan put pressure on the four men.<br />
<br />
一位心理学家说,青年期的本能发动是青年人格再造的契机。面前端坐不动的满玉贵,不正是由于两种饥饿、两种压抑造成的性格的变形吗?<br />
<br />
A psychologist said that the instinct of youth is an opportunity for young people to rebuild their personality. For Man Yugui, who sat still, was it not because of the deformation of character caused by two kinds of hunger and two kinds of depression?<br />
<br />
“你们都帮帮他的忙啊!”我对众人说。<br />
<br />
"You all help him!" I said to everyone.<br />
<br />
有人插话:“前天邻村一个治保主任坐拖拉机摔死了,撇下媳妇和两个孩子。”<br />
<br />
Someone interjected: "The day before yesterday, a security director in a neighboring village fell to his death on a tractor, leaving his wife and two children."<br />
<br />
我说:“抓紧给办!”<br />
<br />
I said, "Hurry up and fix them up!"<br />
<br />
一个笑容在满玉贵脸上闪过,充满羞涩,也充满向往,像乌云遮蔽的天空忽然显出的一道霞光,把一个秘密也透露出来——前些年由于物质生活的匮乏,这个老光棍已经断了娶亲的念头,现在的致富之路又唤起了他的阳刚萌动,“死灰复燃”。不久前,县里开专业户代表大会,满玉贵特意去做了一身料子服,他要像个人样地走在女同胞面前！<br />
<br />
He flashed a smile, full of shyness and yearning, like a sudden glow in the sky covered by dark clouds, revealing a secret. A few years ago, due to the lack of material life, this old bachelor had given up getting married, but now his wealth aroused his masculinity. Not long ago, the county held a specialist congress, and Man Yugui specially tailored a woollen cloth to his needs. He wanted to walk in front of women in dignity!<br />
<br />
今天的性文化尚受着经济的制约。当我们清算“左”的路线对中国农村造成 的挫伤时,很少把性——这一具有人类意义的事情考虑在内！<br />
<br />
Today's sex culture is still restricted by economy. When we think of the influence caused by the left-wing politics to rural China, we seldom take sex, which is of human significance, into account!<br />
<br />
“你要去坑里看看吗?就早一些……”满玉贵面孔对着我,眼睛却不看我。<br />
<br />
"Do you want to go to the pit to have a look? Just earlier..." Man Yugui faced me, but he didn't look at me.<br />
<br />
我随他下到了深深的滑石坑里,那里面又潮湿又黑暗,有些地方要趴下身子才能过得去。<br />
<br />
I followed him down into the deep talc pit, which was damp and dark, and there were places where I had to lie down to get by.<br />
<br />
他每天就下到这里面,跪在地上,用镐头一下下刨掘着,然后用辘伊绞上去。那是对自己命运的刨掘,对失去年华的刨掘,他要从那里面寻找出失落的希望吗?<br />
<br />
He goes down here every day, kneels on the ground, digs down with a pick, and then use manual crane to send talc up. Is that the digging of his own destiny, the digging of the lost years? And dose he want to find out the lost hope from it?<br />
<br />
回到满玉贵家来,76岁的老父亲气喘吁吁地对我说:“早年给玉贵提亲的也有,一打听,弟兄多,不干;这几年有提的,问有房吗? 一听还没盖,又不干。哥哥没有,弟弟也不找,两个都误下了……这眼下钱不愁了,俺打算再盖他八间房,给老大和老二娶上媳妇,俺也就没心事啦。”<br />
<br />
When I returned to Man Yugui's home, his 76-year-old father panted and said to me: "There were also people who proposed marriage to Yugui in the early years. After they inquired, they found there were many brothers so they gave up. In recent years, some people also proposed marriage. After they knew we didn’t have a house, they gave up. The older brother didn’t find a wife, so the younger brother also didn’t do that. Both of them missed good timing... Now we are free from worries of money, so I plan to build many houses for them to marry a daughter-in-law. After that, I have nothing on my mind."<br />
<br />
对面是老六的新房。那是沙漠里的一片绿洲,那是一座不会幻灭的“海市蜃楼”！<br />
<br />
Opposite was the sixth child's new house. It was an oasis in the desert, a mirage that will not be disillusioned!<br />
<br />
新房是一个诱人的红火的世界。顶棚上裱着粉红色的花纸,坑上放着火红花被。屋子里到处都是“花”:花瓶里插着的,镜子上挂着的,塑料花盆里“开”着的, 还有缝纫机上蒙着的……玻璃板下压着小夫妻到大连旅游结婚留下的合影。有一幅是在圆明园“创造世界”的石碑下照的。新房充满了温馨的气息。<br />
<br />
The new house was an attractive red world. The ceiling was plastered with pink flower paper, and red flower quilts were placed on the heatable brick bed. There were "flowers" everywhere in the house: those put in vases, those hanging on mirrors, those blooming in plastic flowerpots, and those covered on sewing machines... Under the glass plate were photos of this young couple traveling to Dalian for marriage. One was taken under the stone tablet of Creating the World in Yuanmingyuan. The new house was full of warmth.<br />
<br />
新媳妇从山上回来了,她粗壮,健康,圆圆的脸盘,双眼皮,长得很喜相,而且, 她的腹部已经微微隆起……<br />
<br />
The new daughter-in-law came back from the mountain. She was thick and healthy, with a round and endearing face and double eyelids. Her belly had slightly bulged...<br />
<br />
她走进了这个家庭,不但实现了一个“人”的个性的和谐与完美,也给这个濒于破灭的家庭带来了生气和活力。<br />
<br />
When she entered this family, she not only realized the harmony and perfection of a human personality, but also brought vitality to this shattered family.<br />
<br />
新媳妇在炕前叠着从院里收回的一堆衣服,不时用目光瞟一下陌生的客人。<br />
<br />
She was folding a pile of clothes got from the courtyard in front of their heatable brick bed, and glanced at strange guests from time to time.<br />
<br />
而满玉贵站在门外,一直没有踏进这个“世界”,也从不看他的弟媳一眼,只顾闷头抽着烟。阳光下,他的脸有几分涨红。<br />
<br />
Man Yugui stood outside the door, never set foot in this world, never looked at his sister-in-law, and he only smoked. In the sun, his face turned a little red.<br />
<br />
他站在幸福的门外,<br />
<br />
He stood outside the door of happiness,<br />
<br />
丢掉了钥匙。<br />
<br />
lost the key.<br />
<br />
他在等待着,<br />
<br />
He was waiting,<br />
<br />
寻找钥匙的人归来……<br />
<br />
waiting for the one who looked for the key returned...<br />
<br />
姊妹们<br />
<br />
Sisters<br />
<br />
——关于女性的尊严<br />
<br />
—About the Dignity of Women<br />
<br />
这是在著名的“金城天府”招远县城里,一个“姊妹理发店”的招牌,受委屈似的挂在凹进去的街面上。<br />
<br />
This is in Zhaoyuan County, the famous Jincheng Tianfu. The signboard of Sister Barber Shop hung on the crooked street as if it felt wronged.<br />
<br />
这招牌引起我的好奇心:“这是农村来的个体户吧?”<br />
<br />
This signboard aroused my curiosity: "Is this a self-employed person from the countryside?"<br />
<br />
陪同我的同志神秘地朝我摆摆手:“别提它了!”<br />
<br />
The comrade accompanying me mysteriously waved his hand to me: "Don't mention this!"<br />
<br />
“怎么回事?”<br />
<br />
"What's going on?"<br />
<br />
“不正经……卖淫。”<br />
<br />
"This is monkey business... prostitution."<br />
<br />
“这不会!”我不知为什么一下子就站在她们的立场上,“光天化日之下,怎么可能呢?再说有街道,有公安。”<br />
<br />
"Impossible!" I didn't know why I suddenly stood in their position. "How is it possible in broad daylight? Besides, there are streets and police."<br />
<br />
“街上都这么说。”<br />
<br />
"That's what all people say."<br />
<br />
“你见过吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have you seen it?"<br />
<br />
“没有。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“我们下午去理理发吧!”<br />
<br />
"Let's have a haircut this afternoon!"<br />
<br />
“不 我不去。”<br />
<br />
"No, I won't go."<br />
<br />
下午,我们还是一起去了。但陪同我的同志跨进姊妹理发店时的神色是紧张的,还下意识地回身看了一下是否有熟人瞧见。<br />
<br />
In the afternoon, we still go there together. But the comrade who accompanied me looked nervous when he stepped into this barber shop, and subconsciously turned around to see if any acquaintances had seen him.<br />
<br />
屋里的理发设施一应俱全。墙上挂着《大众电影》《大众电视》《人民文学》和一些小人书。长案上放着一些摇铃、汽车、吹塑动物等儿童玩具,长案下面还放着一些雨伞。经营者的慧心可鉴。<br />
<br />
Hairdressing facilities were available in the house. There were ''Popular Movies'', ''Popular TV'', ''People's Literature'' and some linked pictures hanging on the wall. There were children's toys such as bells, cars and blow mold animals on the long desk, and umbrellas under tit. The operators' wisdom can be learned.<br />
<br />
三姊妹身穿白色的工作服,正忙于刀剪声中。她们的年龄在16至25岁之间。 都生得白皙、苗条。老大温柔、沉静,烫着“波浪式老二留着“波卷式”,看得出性格比较活泼、伶俐;老三是“青年式”,嘴角上含着一股刚强之气。她们的目光一直低垂着,里面藏着沉重的东西。<br />
<br />
Dressed in white overalls, the three sisters were busy with the sound of knives and scissors. They were between 16 and 25 years old and were all fair-skinned and slim. The eldest was gentle, quiet, with wavy hair, and the second had shag hairstyle, which showed that she was lively and clever; The third had short hair, with an air of confidence on the corners of her mouth. Their eyes have been lowered, with heavy things hidden inside.<br />
<br />
大姐理完了一个,淡淡地望了我ー下,那就是她的语言了。我过去坐定后,主动和她搭讪:<br />
<br />
The oldest sister finished cutting one’ hair and looked at me gently. That was her language. After I went to sit down, I took the initiative to chat up her:<br />
<br />
“你们是从哪里来的?”<br />
<br />
"Where do you come from?"<br />
<br />
“陈家沙埠。”她很矜持。<br />
<br />
"Chenjia shabu." She was very reserved.<br />
<br />
“家里几口人?”<br />
<br />
"How many people are there in the family?"<br />
<br />
“七 口。”<br />
<br />
"Seven."<br />
<br />
“分了多少责任田?”<br />
<br />
"How many fields you are responsible for are divided?"<br />
<br />
“三亩。”<br />
<br />
"Three mu."<br />
<br />
“种地怎么办?”<br />
<br />
"What about farming?"<br />
<br />
“农忙了回去。”<br />
<br />
"When it is busy for farming, we’ll come back."<br />
<br />
“吃饭呢?”<br />
<br />
"What about meals?"<br />
<br />
“原来从家里带,现在买着吃。”<br />
<br />
"We used to bring them from home and buy them now."<br />
<br />
“住在哪里呢?”<br />
<br />
"Where do you live?"<br />
<br />
她乜了一眼镜子里的我,冷冷地:“城里。”便垂下眼皮,不愿再回答我的问话。<br />
<br />
She squinted at me in the mirror and said coldly, "In the city." She then lowered her eyelids and refused to answer my question.<br />
<br />
姑娘,你不要误解了文学,生活走到哪里,文学就跟到哪里。它愿做每ー个生 命的守护神,为她艰难的跋涉喊一声号子,为她暗夜的寻觅送ー支烛光。姑娘,愿 意向我打开你的心扉吗?<br />
<br />
Girl, don't misunderstand literature. Wherever life goes, literature will follow. It is willing to be the patron saint of every life, sing a work song for her difficult trek, and send a candlelight for her search in the dark night. Girl, would you like to open your heart to me?<br />
<br />
姑娘的名字叫郝朝霞,两个妹妹叫郝彩霞和郝丽霞。这是霞光一样美丽的名 字,却落在一个贫穷的村庄里。干部走马灯似的换了一茬又一茬,到如今村里一个工副业项目也没有。队里规定:凡是劳动カ都得向大队交费用。男劳力每年交二百,女劳力每年交一百（这和那些商品生产发展比较好的大队,给予农田补贴形成了鲜明的对比）。她们家欠着队里600多元的账,郝朝霞初中毕业后,只得辍学回村,跟着当理发员的父亲学起了理发……<br />
<br />
The girl's name is Hao Zhaoxia, and her two sisters are Hao Caixia and Hao Lixia. They are beautiful names like twilight colors, but these girls lived in a poor village. Officials have changed one after another, and now there is no sideline project in the village. It was stipulated in the production team that all laborers had to pay fees to the team. Male laborers paid 200 yuan a year, while female laborers paid 100 yuan a year, which was in sharp contrast to those teams with better commodity production development and agricultural subsidies). Their family owed more than 600 yuan to the team, so Hao Zhaoxia had to drop out of school and return to the village after graduating from junior high school, and learned hairdressing with her father who was a hairdresser...<br />
<br />
“姊妹理发店”的牌子在招远县城挂起来了!那店牌牌上的字是干了一辈子理发营生的老父亲亲手写的。<br />
<br />
The signboard of Sister Barber Shop has been hung up in Zhaoyuan County! The words on the shop signboard were written by their old father who had worked as a barber all his life.<br />
<br />
农村姑娘进城办第三产业,这本身就是一种挑战,向国营企业的“铁饭碗”挑战,向传统的习俗挑战!这种挑战必然要遇到传统势力的反击。<br />
<br />
Rural girls go to the city to run the tertiary industry, which is a challenge in itself, to the "iron rice bowl" of state-owned enterprises and to traditional customs! This kind of challenge is bound to meet the counterattack of traditional authorities.<br />
<br />
她们按照美的原则去修剪着生活,而生活却把丑恶推到她们面前——<br />
<br />
They trimmed life according to the principle of beauty, but life pushes ugliness before them.<br />
<br />
一群喝醉了酒的青工晚上闯进来,视这些农民的女儿如手心玩物,口出秽言; 一个心怀叵测的人把一张纸条塞给姑娘,约她幽会;捕风捉影的谣言随之而起……<br />
<br />
A group of drunken young workers broke in at night, treating these farmers' daughters as playthings and uttering filthy words. A person with sinister motives stuffed a note to a girl and asked her to meet secretly. Then people put two and two together and made five...<br />
<br />
在中国,有什么比这种道德的飞短流长更能置人于死地?有人要把无形的裹布重新缠到她们脚上。<br />
<br />
In China, what can kill people more than spreading embroidered stories and malicious gossip of them in terms of morals? Someone wanted to wrap the invisible cloth around their feet again.<br />
<br />
这个小小的理发店,离县政府并不远。但愿妇联、共青团的目光早日注意到她们!<br />
<br />
This small barber shop was not far from the county government. I hoped the All-China Women's Federation and the Communist Youth League will notice them as soon as possible!<br />
<br />
临别时我对她们说:“你们可以把土地转让出去,专一在城里从事这项工作,还可以在城里买地皮、盖楼房,理直气壮地生活!”她们不时地发问:“这行吗? 行吗?”<br />
<br />
When I left, I said to them: "You can transfer the land and do this job in the city. You can also buy land, build houses and live confidently in the city!" From time to time, they ask, "Is this feasible?"<br />
<br />
行的!扬起头来吧,姐妹们!你们已经作为先进生产力的代表,走上了历史的舞台！用你们手中的剪刀,去剪断传统束缚在你们身上的绳索。这是新的妇女运动史！在韧性的抗争中,取得你们的自尊、自强、自重、自爱！<br />
<br />
Sure! Raise your head, sisters! As representatives of advanced productive forces, you have stepped onto the stage of history! Use the scissors in your hands to cut the ropes that are traditionally bound to you. This is the new history of women's campaign! In the struggle of resilience, you gain your self-esteem, self-improvement, self-respect and self-love!<br />
<br />
女性的尊严,在你们自身的创造之中！<br />
<br />
The dignity of women is in your own creation!<br />
<br />
夫妻们<br />
<br />
Couples<br />
<br />
——关于夫妻关系<br />
<br />
—About the relationship between husband and wife<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系一:蘑菇,开门吧!）<br />
<br />
(Relationship one: Mushroom, open the door!)<br />
<br />
他,姜希增,腰里掖上一头“猪”,千里迢迢去山西原平农学院找一位李教授。 他在《中国青年》上看到李教授关于食用猴头菌可以抑制癌症的文章,专程去拜师——他的父亲和祖母都是因为癌症过世的。<br />
<br />
He, Jiang Xizeng, tied a pig to his waist and set out on the long trek to Shanxi Yuanping Agricultural College to find a professor Li. He read Professor Li's article about eating Hericium erinaceus to inhibit cancer in China Youth, so he made a special trip to formally acknowledge him as his master, for his father and grandmother both died of cancer.<br />
<br />
他从山西买回了菌种,他回家来搞的试验却失败了。<br />
<br />
He bought the strain from Shanxi, but the experiment at home failed.<br />
<br />
妻子史春芝犯了胃溃疡,在炕上一边哼哼一边抱怨:“家里穷得连饭都吃不上, 你把一头猪胡摆治了……”<br />
<br />
His wife, Shi Chunzhi, committed a gastric ulcer and complained while humming on the heatable brick bed: "We are too poor to eat food, but you should waste a pig..."<br />
<br />
姜希增一肚子火气正没处出,吼了一声:“老娘儿们家就会穷叨叨！”<br />
<br />
Jiang Xizeng found nowhere to give vent to his anger, so he yelled: "You old pussy chatters like a magpie!"<br />
<br />
这使史春芝大为伤心,她本来就满肚子委屈。当初和他结婚,那是冲他在外面“吃国库粮”,指望跟他“跳农门”,上大城市。1961年工厂下马,他捧着个“光荣证”回了乡。混不上吃,混不上穿,每年靠一位吃薪金的叔叔捎包旧衣裳、补贴20块钱接济。两口子每有龃龉,史春芝总少不了一句传统骂语:“当初俺上了你 的当!”<br />
<br />
This made Shi Chunzhi very sad. She was already full of grievances. She married him because he had urban household registration, and she expected to get rid of the identity of a farmer with him and go to a big city. In 1961, when the factory was closed, he returned to his hometown with a Certificate of Honor. He can’t make both ends meet, so he relied on an uncle who had salary to take old clothes and subsidize 20 yuan every year. Every time the couple had disagreements, Shi Chunzhi always cursed him out: "I was taken in by you at the beginning!"<br />
<br />
每听到这里,姜希增都不再吱声,好像这桩婚姻完全是由于他的骗局造成的。<br />
<br />
Every time he heard this, he stopped speaking, as if his scam was the culprit of their marriage.<br />
<br />
他想再去一趟山西,却筹集不起路费。<br />
<br />
He wanted to go to Shanxi again, but he couldn't afford the travelling expenses.<br />
<br />
后来听说莱阳农学院也有微生物课程,便瞒着老婆骑上自行车去了,在学校大门口见人就拦:“哪个老师教微生物?管种蘑菇?”<br />
<br />
Later, he heard that Laiyang Agricultural College also had microbiology courses, so he rode his bicycle without telling his wife. He stopped everyone he saw at the gate of this college: "Which teacher teaches microbiology and know how to plant mushrooms?"<br />
<br />
史春芝一天没有见到丈夫,心中好生纳闷,待傍晚看到他又傻呵呵带着ー些菌种回来时,ー赌气关上了房门。<br />
<br />
Shi Chunzhi didn't see her husband for a day, so she was puzzled. When she saw him come back with some strains with an air of idiocy in the evening, she closed the door in anger.<br />
<br />
“他妈,开门吧!”<br />
<br />
"My wife, open the door!"<br />
<br />
没有吱声,和旧生活告别的夜晚是凄冷的。<br />
<br />
There was no reply. The night of saying goodbye to the old life is chilly.<br />
<br />
“蘑菇,开门吧!”<br />
<br />
"Mushroom, open the door!"<br />
<br />
蘑菇向他把门敞开了!他在室内试种了 20平方米的蘑菇,获得了可喜的 收成!<br />
<br />
Mushrooms opened the door to him! He planted experimentally 20 square meters of mushrooms indoors and got a gratifying harvest!<br />
<br />
姜希增又拿出半亩责任田来种植他的理想。1983年收入9000斤蘑菇,纯收入5000多元;菌种收入3000多元。还有个收益是老婆的变化,她的胃溃疡竟然吃蘑菇吃好了,脾气也变好了。<br />
<br />
Jiang Xizeng took out half a mu of farmland he was responsible for to plant his ideal. In 1983, he harvested 4,500 kg of mushrooms, and the net income was more than 5,000 yuan. The income of strains was more than 3,000 yuan. Another benefit was the change of his wife. Her gastric ulcer was cured by eating mushrooms and her temper has improved.<br />
<br />
现在姜希增是胶东有名的“蘑菇状元”。他不仅在本村带起了十几个专业户, 还搞“技术输出”,应邀到各地做技术指导,光缴学费的学生就有60多人。<br />
<br />
Now Jiang Xizeng is a famous "mushroom champion" in Jiaodong. He not only nurtured more than a dozen specialists in the village, but also exported technology. He was invited to give technical guidance in various places. More than 60 students paid tuition fees alone.<br />
<br />
“他出去跑,家里这ー摊子就揭给我!”史春芝爽快地对我说。<br />
<br />
"He went to other places, and I'm in charge of business at home!" Shi Chunzhi said to me readily.<br />
<br />
“你会吗?”<br />
<br />
"Do you know how to stay in business?"<br />
<br />
“看也看会了！过去我不是反对他,是对经济不放心。孩子还上学,拉下饥荒怎么办?现在他花3000多块钱买设备,我都不说他……”<br />
<br />
"I have been seeing him do this for a long time! In the past, I was not against him, but worried about money. Our children are still in school, so what should we do if we are in debt? Now he spends more than 3,000 yuan to buy equipment, but I don't even blame him..."<br />
<br />
姜希增自得地坐在“生当作人杰,死亦为鬼雄”的诗联下,他不但敲开了致富之门,也在“拜师”的热潮中得到了一种精神的满足,一种人格和道德的完善。现在他反过来挑剔着妻子:“老娘儿们家眼光就是短浅,光认钱。有几个钱,又烧得慌,要给孩子做’将军服’,你怎么不做个’元帅服’、做个蟒袍玉带?老百姓要穿老百姓服!”<br />
<br />
Jiang Xizeng sat proudly under the poetic couplet of "Be man of men while you're alive, And soul of souls if you're dead." He not only knocks on the door to be successful, but also gets spiritual satisfaction and personality and moral perfection in the upsurge of "taking others as their teacher". Now he is critical of his wife in turn: "You old ladies are short-sighted and only pay attention to money. If you have money, it will burn a hole in your pocket, and you want to make a general uniform for your children. Why don't you make a marshal uniform and an emperor’s uniform? Ordinary people should wear ordinary people's clothes!"<br />
<br />
史春芝像个少女似的,嗔怪地瞧他一眼:“就你能!”把一杯浓茶摆到他面 前……<br />
<br />
Shi Chunzhi looked at him like a girl, and rebuked: "You are too arrogant!" And she put a cup of strong tea before him...<br />
<br />
商品生产调节了这个家庭的夫妻关系,虽然它不免带一点“夫贵妻荣”的封建 色彩,但毕竟是靠自己的劳动换来的和谐和荣耀!<br />
<br />
Commodity production adjusts the relationship between husband and wife in this family. Although it inevitably has feudalism of "when husband is rich, his wife is proud", it is harmony and glory exchanged by one's own labor after all!<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系二:空中丝绸之路）<br />
<br />
(Relationship two: Silk Road in the air)<br />
<br />
我在牟平龙泉乡访问了一对年轻夫妇,他们乘坐飞机到西藏销售服装,开辟空中“丝绸之路”,充满了传奇色彩。这不仅意味着他们的时间观念和生活方式的改变,其中还包含着一种象征:新一代农民在起飞。<br />
<br />
I visited a young couple in Longquan Township, Muping. They flew to Tibet to sell clothes by taking a plane so as to blaze a Silk Road in the air, which was full of legends. This means not only the change of their concept of time and lifestyle, but also a symbol: a new generation of farmers is becoming better.<br />
<br />
小媳妇叫于政芳,今年23岁,她已经不甘于母亲那样的生活一把一双脚用 布裹起来,一生厮守着锅台和鸡窝。首先在“终身大事”上,她就挨弃了 “媒妁之言,父母之命”的旧传统。<br />
<br />
The wife was Yu Zhengfang, 23 years old. She was unwilling to live like her mother who wrapped her feet in cloth and stayed with kitchen and chicken coops all her life. First of all, in the lifelong important event, she abandoned the old tradition of an arranged marriage.<br />
<br />
从我记事起,村里就有一些不断翻新的有关婚俗的儿歌:“小嫂小嫂快快长,长大了跟村长,穿皮鞋嘎嘎响……”“ー个兜的靠边站,两个兜的看ー看,三个兜的叫爹也干!”发展到近来已是:“收音机带相片儿（电视）,缝纫机带锁边儿,自行车带冒烟儿,手表带跑星期天儿。”这些儿歌虽不能登大雅之堂,却在某种程度上反映了经济变化对人们婚姻观的影响。<br />
<br />
As far as I can remember, there have been some children's songs about marriage customs that are constantly being changed in the village: "Little sister-in-law grows up quickly so that you can go with the village head who wears rattling leather shoes..." "People with one pocket stand aside, two pockets can be thought of, and three pockets can even be called daddy!" Recently, it has been: "Radios with pictures (TV), sewing machines with overlocking function, bicycles with smoke (motorcycle), watches with Sunday (day-date watches)." Although these children's songs can't be elegant, they reflect the influence of economic changes on people's marriage views to some extent.<br />
<br />
而今,姑娘们在寻找发展商品生产中涌现出来的能人。于政芳就是几年前到威海给包工的农民做饭时,认识了“工头”吕宝帅,主动求爱的。<br />
<br />
Nowadays, girls are looking for talented people emerging in the process of the development of commodity production. Yu Zhengfang met Lyu Baoshuai, a labor contractor, and took the initiative to woo him when she went to Weihai to cook for migrant workers a few years ago.<br />
<br />
我第一次去吕宝帅家访问,夫妇双双去温州做生意去了,只有外公带着小燕妮（看来他们还是崇拜马克思的）在家看门。<br />
<br />
When I visited Lyu Baoshuai's home for the first time, both husband and wife went to Wenzhou to do business. Only the grandfather took care of little Yanni (It seemed that they still worshiped Marx) and acted as a doorkeeper.<br />
<br />
我第二次访问见到了于政芳。她上着粉红色的确良夏衫,下着乳白色的百褶裙,坐在折叠椅上。而炕头上横着一个一米多长的老式大枕头。<br />
<br />
I met Yu Zhengfang on my second visit. She wore a pink Dacron summer shirt and a milky white pleated skirt, sitting on a folding chair. On the heatable brick bed was an old-fashioned pillow more than one meter long.<br />
<br />
挺秀气、时髦的一个姑娘,一张口却不时显露出粗野——她保留着祖辈传下来的一些语汇:“驴XX进的”“妈拉个腿儿”……而一提及夫妻关系,她总是说成“老婆汉子”。<br />
<br />
She was very delicate and fashionable, but when she spoke something, her rudeness could be seen from time to time. She spoke some vocabularies handed down from her ancestors like motherfucker, son of a bitch... and when it comes to the relationship between husband and wife, she always says "man and wife".<br />
<br />
她讲起坐飞机的感受:“真舒服呀！开始上升的时候难受一阵儿,飞平了什么也觉不出来。云彩绒嘟嘟的,伸手就能抓住,就和画上的嫦娥奔月ー样……”乘了几个来回的飞机,她体验了“嫦娥奔月”和“仙女下凡”的滋味。上百元一张的飞机票,节省了14天的时间,这是他们的父辈所不具有的时间价值观。<br />
<br />
She talked about the feeling of taking a plane: "It's so comfortable! When the plane started to rise, I felt uncomfortable, but I couldn't feel anything when it flew flat. Clouds are velvet, and you can catch them with your hand, just like the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon in the painting..." After several round-trip planes, she experienced "Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" and "Fairy going down to earth". A plane ticket hundreds of yuan saved 14 days, which was a time value that their parents did not have.<br />
<br />
“死了也闭眼了,不光坐了飞机,还坐了大轮船!”她说着,拿出一本大相册,那上面有他们在各地的留影:有的在布达拉宫,有的在西湖苏堤,有的在上海南京路, 有的在天柱峰……那全是用自己的照相机照的,他们过着旅游式的生活。从这些相片上可以看出一个农村姑娘的演变,由“炊帚把”到烫着披肩发;由粗布衣到时髦裙装……她自豪地说:“就差香港和台湾没去了！”我看到茶盘里堆着些废车票, 那是没有人给他们报销的。<br />
<br />
"It’s worth dying for taking a plane and a ship!" While she said, she took out a big photo album with pictures of them in various places: some in Potala Palace, some in Su Di of West Lake, some in Nanjing Road of Shanghai, and some in Tianzhu Peak … They were all taken with their own camera, and they lived a tourist life. From these photos, we can see the evolution of a rural girl, from flyaway hair to curly hair and from coarse cloth to fashionable skirt... She proudly said: "We only have not gone Hong Kong and Taiwan!" I saw some old tickets piled up in the tea tray, which can’t be reimbursed.<br />
<br />
“现在还去西藏吗?”<br />
<br />
"Are you still going to Tibet?"<br />
<br />
“不去了,最后一趟让人坑了一下子。”她不愿讲被“坑”的详情,也不讲丈夫出差去了哪里,忽然对着外屋喊了声:“凯乐!”（那是印度故事影片《奴里》中一条狗的名字）接着一条大黄狗欢跳着跑进来。这个农民的女儿剥开一块价值两盒火柴的金纸奶糖,向空中一丢,大黄狗熟练地ー下咬到嘴里,甜甜地嚼起来。她接着又剥开了第二块……<br />
<br />
"No, some people cheated us in our last trip." She didn't want to tell the details of being cheated or where her husband went on a business trip. Suddenly, she shouted to the outhouse: "Khairoo!" (That's the name of a dog in the Indian feature film Noorie). Then a big yellow dog jumps in happily. This farmer's daughter peeled off a piece of toffee wrapped with gold paper worth two boxes of matches and threw it into the air. The dog skillfully bit it into her mouth and chewed this sweet food. She then peeled off a second piece...<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系三:青烟升处有人家）<br />
<br />
(Relationship 3: There are people in a place where smoke is curling upward)<br />
<br />
1983年冬月,邢春香去江苏金湖县农机厂看望当临时工的儿子,这是她第一次出远门。<br />
<br />
In the winter of 1983, Xing Chunxiang went to Jinhu County Agricultural Machinery Factory in Jiangsu Province to visit her son who worked as a temporary worker. This was her first time to travel to a distant place.<br />
<br />
她在那里看到橡胶车间全是女工,活儿不累,也挺赚钱,设备只是ー个压力板和一个小烘炉。<br />
<br />
She saw that the rubber workshop was full of women workers there. It was easy to work and make money. The equipment was just a pressure plate and a small oven.<br />
<br />
邢春香带了几个橡胶制品回来,和老头子肖振竹商量:“咱办个家庭工厂吧。” 老头子摇摇头说:“上哪弄资金?”邢春香说:“现在兴贷款,挣了再还!”老头子又愁销路,邢春香说:“孩子有个干爹跑供销,能帮忙。再说一回生,两回熟,三回成了老主顾。”老头子还愁没技术,邢春香说:“咱儿子就能当老师!”<br />
<br />
Xing Chunxiang brought back some rubber products and discussed with his husband Xiao Zhenzhu: "Let's set up a family factory." The old man shook his head and said, "Where can we get the money?" Xing said: "Now it’s popular to loan money from a bank, we can pay it back after we earn money!" The old man was worried about the selling line again. Xing Chunxiang said, "Our child’s godfather working in supply and marketing can help. Besides, difficult the first time, easy the second. We become regular customers the third time." The old man still worried that they didn’t have the know-how, but Xing said: "Our son can be a teacher!"<br />
<br />
经过一番筹措、铺排,第一批货出厂不久,嘎嚇嚇的票子就汇过来了,这一下小山村轰动了!村里大闺女、小媳妇、壮小伙子都争着来当“工人”。现在这位老嫂子自命为“经理”,讲话满口新名词儿:<br />
<br />
After arrangement and preparation, the first batch of goods was produced from the factory, and a hefty sum of money was remitted, which caused a sensation in the small mountain village! Girls, wives and strong young men in the village were all vying to be workers. Now the old woman called herself manager, and her speech is full of new terms:<br />
<br />
“眼时咱体制小,用不了这么多人,资金也流动不开。<br />
<br />
"Now we have a small system, so we don’t need so many people so that we can make money flow."<br />
<br />
“这一次生产的都是汽车、火车上用的橡胶制品,销北京汽车装配公司,天津宏 光五金厂、吉林铁路上、银川刚拉上关系……跑外都是我,采胶得上远地,沈阳、天津……老头子从来没出过门,打怯……<br />
<br />
"This time, all the rubber products produced are used in cars and trains. They are sold to Beijing Automobile Assembly Company, Tianjin Hongguang Hardware Factory and Jilin Railway. We just pulled wires with companies in Yinchuan... I am in charge of doing business outside, and I have to buy rubber far away, like Shenyang, Tianjin... My husband has never been on a long journey, so he is timid...<br />
<br />
“说起来我进这家20来年了,连个悖悖也吃不上,光吃地瓜。一年分三四十斤小麦,不够来客的,有一口半口好吃的,也都先尽他爷们儿……”<br />
<br />
"I have married him for over 20 years, but I can't even eat a bun cake. I just eat sweet potatoes. We got thirty or forty jin of wheat a year, which is not enough for visitors. If there is a mouthful of delicious food, I’ll give it to my husband and son..."<br />
<br />
丈夫肖振竹——那个被控诉对象,在忙着做午饭,一直没有搭言。这个种庄稼能手,现在矮了半截。他作为家庭重心的时代已经结束了。<br />
<br />
Xiao Zhenzhu, the accused object, was busy cooking lunch and never spoke. This expert in planting crops is now a cut below. His time as the center of family is over.<br />
<br />
瞧这一家子<br />
<br />
Look at This Family<br />
<br />
——关于家庭内部关系<br />
<br />
—Internal Family Relations<br />
<br />
今天,以血缘关系和传统伦理道德维系着的农村家庭,正接受着新文明浪潮的冲击,正悄悄地产生着一些微妙的变化。<br />
<br />
Today, rural families, which are maintained by blood relationship and traditional ethics, are impacted by the new civilization tide and are quietly undergoing some subtle changes.<br />
<br />
这一家子是掖县徐家公社原家大队人。全家13口人,成员构成是4个儿子、3个儿媳、1个女儿、2个孙子、1个孙女,加上老两口。按常规,这个大家庭将面临分家的边缘,家长们也只能靠伦理观念和封建的家长权威来调节儿女妣姓之间的矛盾。<br />
<br />
This family is from the Yuan brigade of Xu Commune in Ye County. There are 13 people in the whole family, including 4 sons, 3 daughters-in-law, 1 daughter, 2 grandsons, 1 granddaughter, and the parents. Normally, this big family will face the division of possessions, and parents can only rely on ethical concepts and feudal parental authority to mediate contradictions among their children and sisters-in-law.<br />
<br />
1983年初,54岁的原成芳老汉为了给家中的劳力找出路,办了个家庭塑料厂。<br />
<br />
At the beginning of 1983, 54-year-old Yuan Chengfang set up a family plastic factory in order to find direction in life for laborers in his family.<br />
<br />
老汉和老伴商量:“队上办厂子为什么跨了?就是没有章程,整天打打吵吵,最后只剩下个空房子。”老伴说:“都是自己家里的人,定不定规矩不要紧。”老汉说: “那不行,丑话头里说。现在不定,以后出了问题再定就晚了。”<br />
<br />
The old man discussed with his wife: "Why did the brigade’s factory go bankrupt? Because there is no charter, and fighting and noises are on all day. Finally there is only an empty house left." His wife said: "They are all people in their own family. It doesn't matter if you decide the rules." The old man said, "Let me speak frankly, that won't work. If we don’t set rules now, it will be too late when something goes wrong in the future."<br />
<br />
晚上,老汉召集家庭会议:<br />
<br />
In the evening, the old man held a family meeting:<br />
<br />
“中央叫咱致富,咱得给政府壮壮脸,咱这个工厂要办就办好!现在竞争这么厉害,没有个章法不行,第一条咱得有个厂长!”<br />
<br />
"The central government asks us to be successful, so we should live up to its expectations. If we decide to set up a factory, we should do it well! Now the competition is so fierce, it won’t work if there is no rule. The first one is that we should have a factory director!"<br />
<br />
当然,没有人敢和老汉竞选,儿女们只觉得新鲜有趣,忍俊不禁举手通过了“爹厂长”。<br />
<br />
Of course, no one dared to run against the old man, and the children only thought it novel and interesting, so they couldn't help raising their hands and approved the proposal.<br />
<br />
老汉说:“好,我是厂长了,就按工厂的条条办。麻雀虽小,五脏俱全,下面我来给你们分分工……”<br />
<br />
The old man said, "OK, I'm the factory director now, so I'll manage it according to the rules of the factory. Even a fly has its spleen. Let me assign tasks..."<br />
<br />
这位“厂长爹”的分工是颇有心计的:大儿子兼会计;闺女兼考勤员;老四负责生产调度和质量检查、现金保管——他没成家,没有私心;老汉兼管技术和供销;老伴管“后勤”。8个劳力,分四班倒,6小时一班,每班有定额。媳妇、姑娘工资制, 每月25元,这是搽胭脂、抹粉钱,年底再分红。坚持考勤制度,迟到1分钟扣半天工资,超过5分钟扣1天工资……<br />
<br />
The factory director was quite calculating: the eldest son was an accountant; the daughter was responsible for attendance; the fourth child was responsible for production scheduling, quality inspection, and the custody of cash—he didn’t start a family, so he had no selfish motives; the old man was in charge of technology, supply and marketing; his wife was in charge of logistics. There were 8 laborers, which were divided into four shifts and they worked a 6-hour shift, with a quota for each shift. Daughters-in-law and his daughter can receive 25 yuan salary every month, which was for them to but rouge and powder, and they would have dividends at the end of the year. According to the attendance system, half-a-day salary will be deducted for being late for 1 minute, and one-day salary for more than 5 minutes...<br />
<br />
章程订出来了,全“厂”通过,大红纸一写,贴在迎门墙上。<br />
<br />
The charter was established, and everyone approved it. It was written in red paper and posted on the entrance wall.<br />
<br />
大媳妇娘家是珍珠乡大辛台人,来去30里。一次回娘家,她晚回来10分钟罚去了1天工资。大媳妇第二次回娘家,撇下已经下到锅里的饺子,一身大汗地蹬着车子赶回来。<br />
<br />
The eldest daughter-in-law was from Daxintai, Pearl Township, which was 30 miles away. Once she went back to her parents’ home, she came back 10 minutes late and was fined one day's salary. When she went back to her parents’ home for the second time, she left the dumplings that had been put into the pot, and pedaled back in a sweat.<br />
<br />
我去这个家庭工厂访问时,他们已被评为“五好家庭”,女儿原素玮被评为“好小姑”。<br />
<br />
When I visited this family factory, they had been rated as Five Virtues Family and the daughter Yuan Suwei was rated as Good Husband's Younger Sister.<br />
<br />
我问这位“好小姑”：“你和你嫂子那么好,替她多干一会儿不行吗?干吗要罚呢?”<br />
<br />
I asked her, "You and your sister-in-law have a good relationship, can't you work for her for a while? Why do you fine her for her late?"<br />
<br />
“好玄！这个嫂子误一会儿,那个嫂子误一会儿,还不把我累死!”<br />
<br />
"Your idea is strange! If this sister-in-law is late, and that sister-in-law is late, I’ll be exhausted!"<br />
<br />
他们不是在人为地创造戏剧。商品生产迫使他们走向社会。在过去从事集体生产时,家庭成员之间的经济关系,基本是在消费领域中。消费和传统的伦理家教,成为联结家庭的两个纽带。现在家庭成了一个独立的生产单位,他们不光用生产者的观点考虑问题了,还要从经营者的角度考虑技术、信息、市场,他们需要提高效率,提高竞争能力。在时间观念上,他们不能再像过去那样只分春夏秋冬,或者含糊地“吃顿饭的工夫”“抽袋烟的工夫”。家庭成员之间不仅有直接生产的关系, 还有交换劳动和交换产品的关系,甚至竞争关系!家庭成员之间的分配关系随着生产方式的改变也在发生着变化!他们像艘古老的小船驶出平静的港湾,迎着波涛向彼岸驶去,船上全体人员需要的不是固守那些陈旧的道德规范,而是要务尽职 能,变成一个协同一致的集体、奋力如一的整体,当巨轮迎面开过,涌起的惊涛要将它吞没时,它可以迅速地调转船头,驶向新的海域。<br />
<br />
They're not artificially creating drama. Commodity production forces them to go to society. In the past, when they engaged in collective production, the economic relationship among family members basically lied in the field of consumption. Consumption and traditional ethical tutoring have become two ties connecting families. Now the family has become an independent production unit. Family members not only consider problems from the producer's point of view, but also consider technology, information and market from the operator's point of view. They need to improve efficiency and competitiveness. In the concept of time, they can no longer divide time into spring, summer, autumn and winter as in the past, or vaguely into the time when eating a meal and the time when having a cigarette. There is not only a direct production relationship among family members, but also a relationship of exchanging labor and products, and even a competitive relationship! The distribution relationship among family members is also changing with the change of production mode! They sailed out of the calm harbor like an old boat, sailed to the other shore against the waves. What all the crew on board need is not to stick to the old moral norms, but to do their duty to unite together. When the huge boat passes head-on and the surging waves are going to engulf it, it can quickly turn its bow and sail to a new sea area.<br />
<br />
第六章宁海镇的共产党人<br />
<br />
Chapter 6 Communists in Ninghai Town<br />
<br />
你见过罗丹的雕塑《思想者》吗?<br />
<br />
Have you ever seen Rodin's sculpture ''The Thinker''?<br />
<br />
他赤裸着身子,肌腱隆起,头颅被思想压得低垂下来。他精神专注而严峻,你感到他是在做自身和人类命运的思考。由于思想,你感到他生命内涵的力量。<br />
<br />
He is naked, with strong tendons, and his head hangs down under the pressure of thoughts. He has focused mind a stern face, and you feel that he is thinking about himself and human destiny. Because of thought, you feel the power of his life connotation.<br />
<br />
现在坐在我对面的,是宁海镇年轻的镇委书记谢玉堂。他中等身材,略胖,浓浓的黑发呈“剑拔弩张”之势,目光兼有敦厚和睿智,举止老练持重,颇有处变不惊的大将风度。在和我交谈的间歇,不时陷入一种沉静的思索之中,那沉静中蕴含着一种激烈的奔腾。<br />
<br />
Sitting opposite me now is Xie Yutang, the young secretary of Ninghai Town Committee. He is of medium height, slightly fat, with thick black hair showing commanding presence. He is sophisticated with honest and wise eyes, like a composed general. In between conversations with me, he fell into silent thinking from time to time, and there was passion in the silence.<br />
<br />
时代把才华和命题同时给予了这位农民的儿子,他热爱生活,热爱土地。借十一届三中全会的东风,他“壮士不下马”,带领全镇人民四年跨出四大步。1978年宁海镇的工副业项目仅有20多个,现在已发展到800多个。1984年全镇总收入将达到一个亿！——宁海镇人提前16年翻两番！在我国北方,这可能算得上佼佼者！<br />
<br />
The times gave the farmer's son talent and questions, who loved life and land at the same time. Taking advantage of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, he worked hard to lead the people of the whole town to take four big steps in four years. In 1978, there were only over 20 sideline projects in Ninghai Town, but now it has grown to over 800. In 1984, the total income of the whole town will reach 100 million yuan! People’s income in Ninghai Town quadrupled 16 years ahead of schedule! In the north of China, this may be outstanding!<br />
<br />
我把旋风一样奔忙的镇委书记拖到幽静的“风云林园”。<br />
<br />
I took the busy secretary of the town committee to the quiet "Fengyun Forest Park".<br />
<br />
风云林园也是他的政绩之一。十个林区,修起了十座样式迥异的小楼,有哥特式,有古典式,有东洋式,使古老的山区洋溢着现代化的气息。这些小楼既作为各分场的场部,还准备接待科学家、教授、画家、作家（我是第一个被接待的蹩脚作家）。擅长书法的市委书记王济夫挥毫为总场场部题下“风云楼”三个大字,取风起云涌之意。<br />
<br />
Fengyun Forest Park is also one of his achievements. Ten small buildings with different styles have been built in ten forest areas, including Gothic, classical and oriental styles, which makes the ancient mountainous areas look more modernized. These small buildings serve as the field departments of each field, and are also prepared to serve scientists, professors, painters and writers (I was the first bad writer to be served). Wang Jifu, secretary of the municipal party committee who is good at calligraphy, wrote the three characters "Fengyun Building" for the general field department, meaning rising wind and clouds.<br />
<br />
“山不高而秀雅,水不深而澄清,地不广而平坦,林不大而茂盛……”谢玉堂坐 在“风云楼”内的沙发上,借《三国演义》中描绘诸葛亮隐居之地的文字,自喻风云林园。这位年轻的党务工作者的气质,已远远不同于当年的老镇长、老乡长。<br />
<br />
"The mountain is not high but beautiful; the water is not deep but clear; the land is not wide but flat; the forest is not big but lush..." Xie Yutang sat on the sofa in Fengyun Building, and imitated the words depicting Zhu Geliang's seclusion in Romance of the Three Kingdoms to describe Fengyun Forest Park. The temperament of this young party worker is far different from that of the old mayor and township head.<br />
<br />
“宁海镇的变化,应归之于三中全会后三个结构的改变。”他像个理论工作者, 也像个韬略家,开始给我讲述宁海镇繁荣的奥秘。<br />
<br />
"The changes in Ninghai Town should be attributed to the changes in the three structures after the Third Plenary Session." Like a theoretical worker and a strategist, he began to tell me the mystery of Ninghai Town's prosperity.<br />
<br />
“第一是农业内部经济结构的改变。<br />
<br />
"The first one is the change of economic structure within agriculture."<br />
<br />
“中国农村的单一经济,已经走到尽头了!我上任后把65个大队做了一次全面的调查,全社人均一亩多地,城里大队才半亩地,在土地上’翻番’能翻出个什么名堂?’汉子推,老婆拉,一天能挣四毛八。‘人,这个生产力中最积极最活跃的因素,长期以来被束缚在凝固的传统经济模式里。<br />
<br />
"The single economy in rural China has come to an end! After I took office, I made a comprehensive survey of 65 brigades. The whole commune has more than one mu per capita, and the city brigade has only half a mu of land. What can we do though our goal is double the yield? "If a man pushes and his wife pulls, he can earn 48 cents a day." People, the most active factor in production, have long been bound in the unchangeable traditional economic model.<br />
<br />
“’三级所有,队为基础’在60年代初纠正‘共产风’的时候,起了积极的作用, 但是,’队为基础’对发展商品生产起了阻碍作用。土地、资产、劳力、分配,生产队是’一统天下’,外出搞副业一天挣三块、四块,得交到生产队拉平分配。生产队把劳力死死钉在土地上,要发展商品生产,不放人权,怎么发展?毛主席在《六十条》中对'队为基础’的批语是'三十年盯不变’;再按两个'凡是’的观点,'生产队’要延续到90年代。那能行吗?<br />
<br />
"'The average size of the communes was reduced to one-third of the original, and the basic accounting unit devolved from the commune to the brigade to the production team.' It played a positive role in correcting the extreme egalitarianism in the early 1960s, but the system based on the collective ownership economy of production teams hindered the development of commodity production. Land, assets, labor and distribution were all managed by the production team, and if you go out to engage in sideline business and earn three or four yuan a day, you had to hand over to the production team for equal distribution. The production team restricted labor to the land. If we want to develop commodity production without human rights, how can we develop it? Chairman Mao's comment on it in Sixty Items is "adhering to it for 30 years". According to the Two Whatevers, the form of production team should last until the 1990s. Can that work?"<br />
<br />
“随着农村责任制的落实,商品生产的发展,劳动力的重新组合,生产队的消亡就成为ー种历史的必然。<br />
<br />
"With the implementation of the rural responsibility system, the development of commodity production and the recombination of labor, the demise of the production team has become a historical necessity.<br />
<br />
“82年秋种以后,我把全公社150个生产队长召集到ー起,向他们宣布:'你们的历史使命结束了!生产队一级将从中国的地平线上永远地消失了!这些年你们带领群众立下了汗马功劳,党和人民不会忘记你们。<br />
<br />
"After the autumn planting in 1982, I summoned 150 production captains of the whole commune and announced to them: 'Your historical mission is over! The production team will disappear forever in China! Over the years, you have led the masses to make great contributions, so the party and the people will never forget you.'"<br />
<br />
“生产队的取消,突破了一个根深蒂固的传统观念——农村,就是从事农业生产的地方。解放了的生产力,在完成着自身的历史转折,从'体力型’转向'智力型’,从'农业型’转向'农工并举型’,不停地改变着农业内部的经济结构。<br />
<br />
"The cancellation of the production team breaks a deep-rooted traditional convention that countryside is a place engaged in agricultural production. The liberated productive forces are changing their own roles historically, from 'physical type' to 'intelligence type', from 'agricultural type' to 'agricultural and industrial combined type', constantly changing the internal economic structure of agriculture."<br />
<br />
“随着农业内部经济结构的改变,农村原有的知识结构就不相适应了。农民长期以来束缚在单一的知识结构里,沿袭着神农氏就有的农业知识。机械化虽然给他们带来ー些新的东西,但没有根本改变他们板结的知识土壤。过去农业的改革,都限于优良品种的调换,复种面积的增加。农民依靠四大作物创高产致富的希望, 像肥皂泡一年又一年地破灭了。现在农民把致富的希望从农业转向商品生产,他们对知识的渴求也转向了商品生产,但是他们没有条件进行专修。我们充分发挥了全镇680多名外请技工的作用,他们用新的知识、新的文化,医治历史留给农民的'贫血症’。全镇近年又开办经营管理、财会、修配、制图、机械、铸造、电器、塑料 エ艺、铝制品等42个专业培训班140余期,成千上万的农民从板结的土地上站了起来！<br />
<br />
"With the change of the internal economic structure of agriculture, the original knowledge structure in rural areas is not suitable. Farmers have been bound in a single knowledge structure for a long time, keeping agricultural knowledge alive since ancient times. Although mechanization has brought them something new, it has not fundamentally changed their knowledge structure. In the past, agricultural reform was limited to the exchange of fine varieties and the increase of sequential cropping area. Farmers' hopes of creating high yields and getting rich by relying on the four major crops have been dashed year after year like soap bubbles. Now farmers have shifted their hope of getting rich from agriculture to commodity production, and their thirst for knowledge has also shifted to commodity production, but they have no conditions to specialize in it. We give full play to the role of more than 680 skilled workers in the town, who draw on new knowledge and new culture to cure farmers' anemia left by history. In recent years, we set up 42 professional training courses in management, accounting, repair, drawing, machinery, casting, electrical appliances, plastic arts and aluminum products with more than 140 sessions in town. Thousands of farmers stood on their feet on the hardened land!"<br />
<br />
“干部的组织结构的改变,是最重要的一条。改革首先要改'火车头’,把'蒸汽机’改成'内燃机’。我刚来的时候,全镇大队一级干部,60%以上是土改和合作化时期的老同志,习惯了搞单一农业。这几年我们逐步调整了40多个班子, 改革用人制度,铁饭碗要打破,铁椅子要推倒,把不适应商品生产、只知道’腱朝 外,头朝里,抡起大镰使劲劈’的干部调换下来。时势造就着一代新人,现在是大将出马,元帅开帐,全镇出现了一大批’混世魔王’,把个宁海镇闹得天翻地覆!”<br />
<br />
"The change of the organizational structure of cadres is the most important one. First of all, the reform should change "locomotive" and "steam engine" into "internal combustion engine". When I first came to this town, more than 60% of the cadres of the whole town brigade were old comrades who experienced the period of land reform and agricultural cooperative campaign, so they were used to engaging in single agriculture. In recent years, we have gradually adjusted more than 40 teams, reformed the employment system, broke the iron rice bowl, and replaced the cadres who were not suitable for commodity production and only knew agriculture. The times have created a new generation. Now it is generals who go out and marshals who get promotion and a large number of "demons" have appeared in the whole town, turning Ninghai town upside down!"<br />
<br />
我惊叹,这一番“结构学”出自一个年轻的农村基层干部之胸!但作为文学, 我需要索取形象。不想他“顺手牵羊”,抬手指指进来送水的林场场长曲松庆说: “他就算ー个……”<br />
<br />
I was amazed that this "structuralism" was told by a young rural grassroots cadre! But because of literature, I need to ask for an image. I don't want him to be this character, so I raised his finger and pointed Qu Songqing, the forest farm director who delivered water, and said: "He can be accounted..."<br />
<br />
不拘一格<br />
<br />
Be Not Limited to One Type<br />
<br />
——用人之道一<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain TalentsⅠ<br />
<br />
这个经营着几万亩林场的场长的出山（或叫“进山”）是别具一格的。他原是桥子大队的一个社员,谢玉堂第一次听到他的名字是从“片长”汇报中,说这个曲松庆为盖房的事情顶撞大队长,片长去批评他,也被顶了回来。<br />
<br />
This director who runs tens of thousands of mu of forest farms took on a government post, which is unique. He used to be a member of Qiaozi Brigade. Xie Yutang first heard his name from the report of the head of region, saying that Qu Songqing contradicted the captain for building a house, and he was contradicted when he criticized Qu.<br />
<br />
谢玉堂派人把曲松庆叫了来,这个年纪比镇委书记大的庄户人,带着“官官相护”的成见,在他对面坐下。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang sent someone to call Qu Songqing. This farmer, who is older than the secretary of the town committee, sat down opposite him with the prejudice of "officials protecting each other".<br />
<br />
“曲松庆,你知道我叫你来干什么吗?”<br />
<br />
"Qu Songqing, do you know what I called you for?"<br />
<br />
“知道!”曲松庆心有灵犀一点通。<br />
<br />
"Yes!" Qu Songqing understood the meaning tacitly.<br />
<br />
“你头上的小角长得还挺硬邦的呀!”<br />
<br />
"You are so stubborn!"<br />
<br />
“我割的肉在家都放臭了,大队长不让盖,把地基都给扒了 ！”<br />
<br />
"The meat I cut stinks at home. The captain won't let me build a house and even remove the foundation!"<br />
<br />
“你先把房子停下。”<br />
<br />
"You stop building your house first."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“因为你和大队有矛盾。”<br />
<br />
"Because you have conflicts with the brigade."<br />
<br />
“当初盖房是党委批准的,现在书记和大队长闹矛盾,把我牵扯进去了,但是没有理由不让我盖房子。我的料都备好了,马上就要到雨季,再说我盖起一幢房也是美化了家乡,美化了祖国……”<br />
<br />
"At the beginning, building a house was approved by the Party committee. Now the secretary and the captain have conflicts and I’m also involved, but there is no reason not to let me build a house. My materials are ready, and it is going to be the rainy season soon. Besides, the house that I build can beautify my hometown and my motherland..."<br />
<br />
曲松庆不卑不亢地对答着。他那布满血丝的眼睛里,透出一种骨气。<br />
<br />
Qu Songqing answered in a neither humble nor arrogant way. In his bloodshot eyes, there was dignity.<br />
<br />
“你先回去,等候公社派人去处理。”<br />
<br />
"You can go back first and wait for the commune to send someone to deal with it."<br />
<br />
“停下不要紧,你什么时候给我解决? ”<br />
<br />
"It doesn't matter to stop building my house, but when will you solve it for me?"<br />
<br />
“三天之内！”<br />
<br />
"In three days!"<br />
<br />
曲松庆临走站起来说:“谢书记,当领导的处理问题首先要搞好调查研究。你的批评涉及我曲松庆,对的地方,我马上执行,偏的地方,我得保留意见……”<br />
<br />
Qu Songqing stood up before leaving and said, "Secretary Xie, when a leader deals with problems, he must first do a good job of investigation and research. If your criticism involving me is right, I will correct mistakes immediately, but I will have reservations if it is wrong..."<br />
<br />
那是一个不软不硬的钉子。<br />
<br />
He is like a nail that is neither soft nor hard.<br />
<br />
一个月之后,谢玉堂第二次把曲松庆叫到办公室里来了。<br />
<br />
A month later, Xie Yutang called Qu Songqing to the office for the second time.<br />
<br />
“你找我……有事吧?”曲松庆带有戒备地看着谢玉堂。<br />
<br />
"You asked me... for something?" Qu Songqing looked at Xie Yutang with vigilance.<br />
<br />
“镇党委决定让你到南山林场担任场长!”<br />
<br />
"The town party committee decided to let you go to Nanshan Forest Farm as the director!"<br />
<br />
“我……”曲松庆吃惊地瞪大了眼睛,他不敢相信这是真的,“我……行吗?”<br />
"Me..." Qu Songqing was in surprise, with eyes wide-open. He couldn't believe it was true. "Am I up to it...?"<br />
<br />
在谢玉堂眼里,面前的这个曲松庆已毫不陌生了:他当过生产小队长,他在东 北大兴安岭伐过木,他……谢玉堂似乎并不准备打消曲松庆的疑虑,而是像对一个已经任职多年的林场场长那样说:<br />
<br />
For Xie Yutang, Qu Songqing in front of him was no stranger: he worked as a production team leader, he cut wood in Greater Khingan Range, northeast China, and he... Xie Yutang did not seem to dispel Qu Songqing's doubts, but said to him as if Qu was a forest farm director who had served for many years:<br />
<br />
“几万亩林场,战线很长,那是全镇人民用血汗把它建起来的,你得明白这个分量。现在就由你来着手组林场的班子!”<br />
<br />
"The forest farm covers tens of thousands of mu, which means it takes a long time to finish this task. It was built by the diligent people of the whole town, so you have to understand its importance. Now it is up to you to set up the team for the forest farm!"<br />
<br />
当我年底第二次见到这位从土坷垃中拨拉出来的风云林场的场长时（现在他已成为一名宁海镇的共产党人）,他已经以林场为大本营,把事业的触须伸到了四面八方:办起了宁海刺绣厂、宁海第二百货公司、风云金矿、风云羊肉馆、贸易公司、 花木公司、建筑公司、冰库、砖厂、鸡场、客车出租。这个年近半百的人,成了一个大“托拉斯”的董事长。鬼知道他还从哪里弄了一辆黑色的“上海轿子”,进山的客人都用它接送。坐在飞驰的汽车上,你可以感觉得到现代动力正冲击着古老的山区！<br />
<br />
When I met the director of Fengyun Forest Farm for the second time at the end of the year (now he has become a Communist in Ninghai Town), he has taken the forest farm as his base camp and extended his business presence to all directions: Ninghai Embroidery Factory, Ninghai No.2 Department Store Company, Fengyun Gold Mine, Fengyun Mutton Restaurant, Trading Company, Flower and Tree Company, Construction Company, Ice Bank, Brick Factory, Chicken Farm and Bus Rental. This person, who is nearly half a century old, has become the chairman of a big "Trust". Who knows where he got a black sedan made in Shanghai, which was used to pick up and drop off guests going to the mountains. Sitting in a speeding car, you can feel the modern power impacting the ancient mountain areas!<br />
<br />
好马也吃回头草<br />
<br />
A Good Horse Will Also Turn Round to Graze on an Old Pasture<br />
<br />
——用人之道二<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain TalentsⅡ<br />
<br />
谢玉堂刚上任的时候,杜家瞳是有名的“幸福村” 。所谓幸福,并非丰衣足食之喻,而是领导班子涣散,社员可以任意逍遥。全村几百口子不仅工副业项目没有一个,1981年春谢玉堂带工作组进村时,还带去5000斤救济粮!<br />
<br />
When Xie Yutang first took office, DuJiatong was a famous "happy village". The so-called happiness is not a metaphor for ample food and clothing, but a lax leadership team and carefree members. There were none of sideline projects in the village home to hundreds of residents. When Xie Yutang brought the working group into the village in the spring of 1981, he also brought 2,500 kg of relief food!<br />
<br />
老支书胡风洲和能说会道的大队长孔庆富尿不到ー个壶里,而过去来驻点的 干部们,大都倾向于老支书（人们惯于对“老”有感情）,而把孔庆富说得一无是处。<br />
<br />
Hu Fengzhou, the old branch secretary, and Kong Qingfu, the eloquent captain, had different opinions. However, most of the cadres who came to the station in the past tended to support the old branch secretary (people are used to having feelings for the old), and regarded Kong Qingfu good for nothing.<br />
<br />
为了维护领导班子的统一,谢玉堂把孔庆富的大队长职务撤掉了。<br />
<br />
In order to maintain the unity of the leadership team, Xie Yutang removed Kong Qingfu as the captain.<br />
<br />
孔庆富跑“单帮”去了,到南乡涝夼大队的果酒厂当供销员。<br />
<br />
Kong Qingfu then became a self-employed businessman and worked as a supply and marketing staff in the fruit winery of Nanxiang Laokuang Brigade.<br />
<br />
涝夼大队支书张培清,也是胶东半岛上一名豪杰。他利用昆布山天然泉水资源办起了果酒厂,出产的枣酒、桃酒闻名遐迩。<br />
<br />
Zhang Peiqing, the branch secretary of Laokuang Brigade, is also an outstanding talent on Jiaodong Peninsula. He used the natural spring water resources of Khumbu Mountain to set up a fruit winery, producing famous jujube wine and peach wine.<br />
<br />
孔庆富的“能说会道”成了发展商品生产的优势,他懂信息,会核算,能交往, 每到一处都能很快地打开局面。<br />
<br />
Kong Qingfu's eloquence has become an advantage in developing commodity production. He knows information, calculation and communication well, and can quickly solve problems everywhere.<br />
<br />
1982年2月,谢玉堂托人捎信让孔庆富回来。<br />
<br />
In February 1982, Xie Yutang sent a message to let Kong Qingfu come back.<br />
<br />
“你找我?”孔庆富心里忐忑不安。在他被撤之后,曾大大地散布了一番对镇委书记的不满。<br />
<br />
"What happened?" Kong Qingfu felt uneasy. After his dismissal, he showed his discontent twith the secretary of the town committee to many people.<br />
<br />
“我撤了你的大队长,你知道是为什么吧?”<br />
<br />
"I dismissed you from your office. Do you know why?"<br />
<br />
“知道,我欺负胡风洲!”<br />
<br />
"Yes, I can’t cooperate with Hu Fengzhou!"<br />
<br />
“你下台以后有什么感想?”<br />
<br />
"How did you feel after you stepped down?"<br />
<br />
“挺苦闷的。我年轻力壮,想干一番事业……我想党委撤了我,这辈子不会再用我了！”<br />
<br />
"I was depressed. I am young and strong, and I want to make contributions... I think the party committee has withdrawn me and will not hire me again in my life!"<br />
<br />
“你对村里的工作有什么想法?”<br />
<br />
"What do you think of the work in the village?"<br />
<br />
“俺这个村……我干比他们干好。”<br />
<br />
"This village... I can do better than them."<br />
<br />
“你们那个’幸福村‘穷成那个样子,你有什么施政纲领?”孔庆富丢掉了拘束, 对着镇委书记念开了“商品经”:上建筑、上翻砂、上果酒……果然头头是道,高人一筹。<br />
<br />
"Your 'happy village' is poor. What policies do you have?" Kong Qingfu felt at home and talked about his opinions and experience about commodity to the secretary of the town committee: buildings, casting technique and fruit wine... Without doubt, he was better than others.<br />
<br />
谢玉堂说:“党委研究一下,你准备当个工业大队长。我给你厂房,再给你一部分资金,先把果酒厂办起来,你们村还是商品生产的空白……”<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang said: "The party committee has studied it, and you are going to be a captain managing an industry. I will give you factory buildings, and then give you some funds. First, the fruit winery should be set up, because your village doesn’t have any commodity production..."<br />
<br />
一个月之后,杜家瞳村果酒厂就酿出了第一批果酒,一口大缸飘溢着醇香。镇党委成员应邀去品酒,谢玉堂酒未沾唇,先已感到了甜意。<br />
<br />
A month later, Du Village Fruit Winery produced the first batch of fruit wine, and the vat was full of mellow fragrance. Members of the town party Committee were invited to taste wine, and Xie Yutang had felt sweet before the wine touched his lips.<br />
<br />
姜是小的辣<br />
<br />
The Younger, The Wiser<br />
<br />
——用人之道三<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain Talents Ⅲ<br />
<br />
1982年春节前,谢玉堂坐孔家疃大队的吉普车去海阳开会。路上,司机说:<br />
<br />
Before the Spring Festival in 1982, Xie Yutang went to Haiyang for a meeting in the jeep of Kong Brigade. On the way, the driver said:<br />
<br />
“谢书记,我给你推荐一个人吧。”<br />
<br />
"Secretary Xie, let me recommend someone to you."<br />
<br />
"谁?”<br />
<br />
"Who?"<br />
<br />
“王家疃标准件厂的厂长王荣团。你要起用了他,王家疃就有希望了！”<br />
<br />
"Wang Rongtuan, director of Wang Standard Parts Factory. If you appoint him to a job, there will be an opportunity for Wang village to be prosperous!"<br />
<br />
“你这么熟悉他?”<br />
<br />
"You know him so well?"<br />
<br />
“他是我小舅子!”<br />
<br />
"He is my brother-in-law!"<br />
<br />
这位司机还真有点“内举不避亲”的古人风。<br />
<br />
This driver was really a bit of an ancient style of "recommending talents even if they are his relatives".<br />
<br />
对于求贤若渴的谢玉堂来说,这信息的价值不可估量,因为逐渐落后于形势的王家疃,正需要一个得力的接班人。<br />
<br />
For Xie Yutang, who was thirsty for talents, the value of this information was immeasurable, because Wang village overtaken by events needed an effective successor.<br />
<br />
从海阳回来,谢玉堂就迫不及待地去了王家疃标准件厂。年轻的厂长站在冲压床前冲压着螺栓,他那宽厚的肩膀,似乎在等待着历史交给他的新使命。<br />
<br />
After returning from Haiyang, Xie Yutang couldn't wait to go to Wang Standard Parts Factory. The young factory director stood in front of the stamping press and stamped bolts. His broad shoulders seemed to be waiting for the new mission given to him by history.<br />
<br />
这果然是个难得的能人。开始,他一个人管着大队的扬水站,守着一台柴油机,他不满足于这种赋闲的营生,建议大队利用柴油机办个磨坊,一举两得。<br />
<br />
This was really a rare capable person. At first, he personally took charge of the pumping station of the brigade and guarded a diesel engine. He was not satisfied with this idle business, so he suggested that the brigade use the diesel engine to run a mill.<br />
<br />
磨坊办起来了,他见市场上缺螺栓,就去买了一块45号钢,用钻头钻上眼,再用钢铿加工,做了一个模具,再加上一把铁锤,一个星期就出了第一批产品。附近的丝绸厂听说了,一下子全买了去。一个模具、一柄锤子,一天竟能挣到4块钱,而 当时队上的工值是8角。<br />
<br />
When the mill was set up, he saw that there was a shortage of bolts in the market, so he bought a piece of No.45 steel, drilled a hole with a drill, processed it with a steel file, made a mold and a hammer, then the first batch of products came out in a week. Workers in a nearby silk factory heard about it and bought it all at once. A mold and a hammer can help Wang earn 4 yuan a day, while the salary on the team at that time was 8 cents.<br />
<br />
眼前的标准件厂成为拥有成套设备和200多人的颇具规模的工厂了,它的产品已经打到8个省,收入占全队总收入的80%以上。可是,王荣团还不是党员!而支部5个委员都靠在农业上。<br />
<br />
At present, the Standard Parts Factory has become a large-scale factory with complete sets of equipment and more than 200 people. Its products have reached 8 provinces, and its income accounts for more than 80% of the total income of the whole team. However, Wang Rongtuan is not a party member yet! The five members of the branch all rely on agriculture.<br />
<br />
新时期要什么样的共产党员?我们用什么样的新鲜血液充实党的基层队伍? 经济工作搞不上去能不能算个好支部?年轻的镇委书记在深思。<br />
<br />
What kind of Communist Party members do we want in the new period? What kind of fresh blood do we want to enrich the grass-roots ranks of the Party? Can we count a branch as a good one if it has bad economy? The young secretary of the town committee is thinking deeply.<br />
<br />
任何一种结构的改革,都不是一帆风顺的,谢玉堂遇到了历史因袭下来的强大惯性。<br />
<br />
The reform of any kind of structure is not easy. Xie Yutang has encountered a rooted problem left by history.<br />
<br />
8年前,王荣团向党支部递上了第一份申请书,到现在加起来8次申请、6次填表,党支部还要对他再考验,因为他“太年轻” !<br />
<br />
Eight years ago, Wang Rongtuan handed the first application to the Party branch. Up to now, he has applied for eight times and filled out six times, but the Party branch still tests him again because he is too young!<br />
<br />
年近花甲的老支书王应运,是城关一带拔尖的好书记,执行政策从来不走样。 他资历长,辈又大,村里人都敬仰他。他看不惯王荣团这个“孙子辈”的一些做法。 他认为他走的是“白专道路”。有人来厂里联系业务,留下吃饭,老书记得知必说: “不行,咱不能搞不正之风!”去东北买车床,要带点花生米,老书记ー摆手:“不批!”两个人碰碰磕磕的,少不了冒点火星。<br />
<br />
Wang Yingyun, an old branch secretary who was nearly 60 years old, was a top-notch secretary of Chengguan, and implemented policies adamantly. He had high seniority, so villagers admired him. He didn't like the practices of Wang Rongtuan, who was so young that he could even be his grandpa. He thought Wang only paid attention to scholar studies but ignored politics. Someone came to the factory to contact the business and stay for dinner. If the old secretary knew it, he must say: "No, this is dishonest practice!" When they went to the northeast to buy lathes, they want to bring some peanuts. But the old secretary waved his hand: "It is not approved!" These Two people usually had contradictions.<br />
<br />
在王应运眼里,王荣团是一只“刺猬”,丢了舍不得,捧着扎得慌。他是王家疃的“财神爷”，1981年支部给他定额12万,他咬咬牙干出个20万! 1982年给他定了24万,他一下子干了35万！1983年定了40万,他要创到55万！<br />
<br />
For Wang Yingyun, Wang Rongtuan was a hedgehog. He was reluctant to abandon him, but he was upset if he retained Wang Rongtuan. He was the "God of Wealth" of Wangjiatong. In 1981, the branch gave him a quota of 120,000, he gritted his teeth and earned 200,000 yuan! In 1982, the quota were 240,000 yuan, but he earned 350,000 yuan at once! In 1983, the goal was 400,000 yuan, but he wanted to hit 550,000 yuan!<br />
<br />
王荣团像个腾空而起的风筝,扶摇直上九重霄,老支书手中那一缕细线随时都有崩断的可能！<br />
<br />
Wang Rongtuan, like a kite soaring into the sky, flew high, and the thin line in the hands of the old branch secretary could break at any time!<br />
<br />
老支书向工厂派去一个“党代表”——一位离休的老党员王典乐,起个“监督” 作用。不想“党代表”干了两年,竟和王荣团“通同作弊”。谢玉堂去调查时,“党代表”说:“谢书记,我站在党的立场上说句话,王家疃要得好,非得王荣团来干书记!”<br />
<br />
The old branch secretary sent a "party representative", Wang Dianle, a retired old party member, to the factory to supervise Wang. However, the party representative who worked only two years "colluded" with Wang Rongtuan. When Xie Yutang went to investigate, the party representative said: "Secretary Xie, I want to stand on the party's position and say something. Wang Rongtuan has to be the secretary, if we want Wangjiatong to be better!"<br />
<br />
<br />
老支书闻风而动:“谁解决王荣团的组织问题,我官司打到中央!”<br />
<br />
The old branch secretary acted without delay upon hearing this: "If anyone solve the organizational problem of Wang Rongtuan, I will file a lawsuit in the central government!"<br />
<br />
谢玉堂一次次找王应运促膝长谈。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang had a long talk with Wang Yingyun again and again.<br />
<br />
无效。<br />
<br />
But he failed.<br />
<br />
就在这时,王荣团摆了挑子。<br />
<br />
At that moment, Wang Rongtuan gave in.<br />
<br />
正值各村向镇里呈报1983年生产计划,老书记战战兢兢地去报了个78万,而镇里要求他们拿到120万。<br />
<br />
When every village reported the 1983 production plan to the town, the old secretary reported 780,000 yuan with trepidation, but the town asked them to earn 1.2 million.<br />
<br />
王荣团要是一直把挑子擂下去,78万也保不住呀！老支书嘴上起了燎泡,他硬着头皮走进了王荣团的家门,对这个“孙子辈”说:<br />
<br />
If Wang Rongtuan continue to stop working, he can't even reach the goal of 780,000 yuan! The old branch secretary was anxious, so he bit the bullet, walked into Wang Rongtuan's house and said:<br />
<br />
“你的组织问题,支部早在考虑……”<br />
<br />
"The branch has long considered your organizational problems..."<br />
<br />
王荣团把腿一伸:“我不是为‘组织‘不干。我是一个群众,没有那么大的能力再干下去了,标准件厂那么大的’西瓜’,支部不应该去捡起来?”<br />
<br />
Wang Rongtuan stretched out his leg: "I stopped working not because I’m not enrolled in the Communist Party pf China. I am a mass, and I don't have so much ability to go on. Should the large-scale Standard Parts Factory not be managed by the branch?"<br />
<br />
老支书被噎住了。他万万没有想到,他掉进了这位年轻共产党人的“圈套”之中。这一切,也包括王荣团的“台词”,都是镇委书记一手导演出来的。<br />
<br />
He was speechless. He never imagined that he fell into the trap of the young Communist. All this, including Wang Rongtuan's lines, were directed by the secretary of the town committee.<br />
<br />
这也算“斗争艺术”——狡猾狡猾的！<br />
<br />
This is also a cunning "art of conflicts"!<br />
<br />
“孙子辈”治住了“爷爷辈”！<br />
<br />
The "Grandson" won the victory!<br />
<br />
王家疃的这场斗争并没有因此停止,他和后面的故事连接到了一起。<br />
<br />
The conflict in Wang village did not be solved. It was connected with the following stories.<br />
<br />
论资排辈<br />
<br />
Assign a Job in Accordance with Qualifications And Seniority<br />
<br />
——用人之道四<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain TalentsⅣ<br />
<br />
幼年的时候,我把那相距二里之遥的东油坊看成是“天府之国”。他们在全县第一个办起了农业合作社,第一个小麦亩产过千斤,第一个日工值达到1元。他们种植的大蒜创过亩产一万二千斤的记录。那是一片富庶之地,是人间乐土!东油坊找的媳妇,都是百里挑一的!<br />
<br />
When I was young, I regarded Dongyoufang, which was two miles away, as a "land of abundance". It was the first to set up an agricultural cooperative in the county, have wheat yield exceeding 500 kg per mu, and reach 1 yuan of salary per day. The garlic they planted has reached a record of 12,000 jin per mu. It was a land with abundant resources and a paradise on earth! Daughters-in-law found in Dongyoufang were all one in a thousand!<br />
<br />
这个村因有一座古老的油坊而得名。那古老的油锤声虽然早已消失在历史深处,但是,古朴的村风却世代延续下来。至今,这个村里的人不赶集,不站街头,不大吃大喝,有了钱攒起来,包一层裹一层,再套上一把锁。搞传统农业,谁也搞不过他们,从中华人民共和国成立以来他们就在全县遥遥领先,各村的土墙上大都写着 这样的标语:“学路线,狠抓纲,坚决超过东油坊!”<br />
<br />
This village was named after an ancient oil mill. Although the ancient sound of oil hammer has long disappeared in the depths of history, the simple village style has continued from generation to generation. Up to now, people in this village don't go to the market, stand on the streets, squander money. When they have money, they save it, wrap it in layers, and put on a lock. No one can beat them in traditional agriculture. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, they have been far ahead in the county. Most of the earth walls of villages were written with such slogans: "Learn the line, pay close attention to guiding principles, and resolutely surpass Dongyoufang!"<br />
<br />
东油坊人心里有谱,摆弄土坷垃,够你们赶一气的！<br />
<br />
People in Dongyoufang knew the score. Regarding to land, it was hard for them to catch up!<br />
<br />
可是,后面的人坐着汽车撵上来了——<br />
<br />
However, people lagging behind caught up in a car.<br />
<br />
孔家疃书记曲培萱,有一天乘坐吉普车到东油坊办事,东油坊老支书曲廷璞看了略眼,一见到谢玉堂就叨叨:“你说他年轻轻的,不是摆谱吗?挣了两个钱烧的!”谢玉堂说:“不是他’变’了,是你应该适应新形势了 ！”<br />
<br />
Qu Peixuan, secretary of Kong village, took a jeep to work in Dongyoufang one day. Qu Tingpu, the old branch secretary of Dongyoufang, was annoyed when he saw the jeep. When he saw Xie Yutang, he said, "Qu Peixuan is young, and it seems he is showing off when he sits in a jeep. His money burns a hole in his pocket!" Xie Yutang said: "It is not that he has changed, but that you should adapt to the new situation!"<br />
<br />
曲廷璞心里不着实,又和本村社员叨叨:“过去的干部,连自行车都不骑,现在 有些年轻人坐着吉普到处颠,他们怎个看法?”一个社员当即回答他:“人家书记坐 汽车,社员跟着拿坐汽车的钱！咱的书记坐牛车,咱就跟着挣个牛车钱。俺巴不得你去坐飞机,跟着你挣坐飞机的钱哪个不高兴?”<br />
<br />
Qu Tingpu was uneasy, so he talked with his village members: "In the past, cadres didn't even ride bicycles. Now some young people are sitting around in jeeps. What do they think?" A member immediately answered him: "Their secretary takes the car, and the members earn the money of taking the car! Our secretary takes an ox cart, so we earn the money of taking an ox cart. I wish you would take the plane, and which one is unhappy to earn the money of taking the plane with you?"<br />
<br />
曲廷璞被震动了！不久,又一件事更震动了他:镇党委组织全体支部书记、大队长巡回参观。去了西关,去了新牟,去了王家疃,去了孔家疃,唯独把东油坊隔过去了。曲廷璞当时正住院,听了以后心里难受啊。5尺长的汉子,入党30多年,让人“绕”过去了!（这又是镇委书记的激将法之一）他若在场,真要找块石头碰死!<br />
<br />
Qu Tingpu was amazed! Soon, another thing shocked him even more: the town party committee organized visits for all the branch secretaries and captains. They visited Xiguan, Xinmou, Wang village and Kong village, but only ignored Dongyoufang. Qu Tingpu was in hospital at that time, and he felt uncomfortable after listening to it. A man who had joined the party for more than 30 years, was ignored! (This was reverse psychology of the secretary of the town committee.) If he had been there, he might have struck his head against a stone!<br />
<br />
谢玉堂到医院来看他,安慰他:“你好好养病,让你干20年!”镇委书记知道他的心病,给他吃“宽心丸”。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang came to the hospital to see him and comforted him: "You should take good care of your health and I will let you work for 20 years!" Knowing his worries, the secretary of the town committee gave him a "relief pill".<br />
<br />
他已当了16年支书,想巴结着凑个整数——20年（前一任支部书记曲维模任职也是20年）。可是他一出院,谢玉堂就上门让他考虑接班人的问题,好像忘了在医院的许诺。<br />
<br />
He had been a branch secretary for 16 years, and wanted to make up a round number of 20 years (Qu Weimo, the former branch secretary, also served for 20 years). However, when he was discharged from hospital, Xie Yutang came to ask him to consider the successor, as if he had forgotten his promise in the hospital.<br />
<br />
曲廷璞摇摇头:“我这几年培养了4个,一个好仔儿也没有!”<br />
<br />
Qu Tingpu shook his head: "I have trained 4 in recent years, but there are no appropriate successor!"<br />
<br />
“孔祥烈怎么样?他行不行?”<br />
<br />
"How about Kong Xianglie? Can he do it?"<br />
<br />
“不行！他的外号叫滑石猴!”<br />
<br />
"No way! His nickname is talc monkey (Folk stone carvers in Yechen County have been using traditional techniques to carve small monkey-shaped objects from scraps)!"<br />
<br />
<br />
“人无外号不发,孙悟空不是石猴出世吗?能七十二变、大闹天宫翻龙府,正好。他搞农业能那么专,搞工业也能专上去!”孔祥烈是当地有名的粮食专家,虽然不算年轻,可是个灵通人。他在一亩地里种出过1740斤玉米。莱阳县杨家庄请他去“指导”,他不用对方开口,就能说出小麦的品种;看看分蘖,就能说出某月某日播的种,这使杨家庄的人大为震惊。他过去不懂工业,学了七天“七大管理”“八大指标”,一下子考了98分！他是个识时务者！<br />
<br />
"People don't have nicknames. Isn't the Monkey King a monkey born from a stone? It can got 72 transformations and make a fuss in Heaven and Dragon Palace of the Eastern Sea. He is so specialized in agriculture, so he can also specialize in business!" Kong Xianglie is a famous local food expert. Although he is not young, he is a well-informed person. He planted 870 kg of corn in one mu of land. People in Yangjiazhuang, Laiyang County asked him to guide them in the sector of agriculture. He can tell the variety of wheat before others told him and he can tell the seeds sown on a certain day of the month after he saw tillers, which shocked the people in Yangjiazhuang. He didn't know anything about business in the past. He studied seven management methods and eight indicators for seven days, however, he scored 98 points at once! He is a man recognizing current trends!<br />
<br />
“不行,把权交给他我不放心!”曲廷璞坚持着。<br />
<br />
"No, I’m worried to give him the right!" Qu Tingpu insisted.<br />
<br />
这场辩论一直持续到1983年12月20日,全镇1700名共产党员,集中在当年 八路军的根据地嵎峡河大队,进行一年一度的党员整风学习,并进行支部改选。谢玉堂把曲廷璞、王应运,还有嵎峡河的老书记孙承善和王贺庄的老书记王顺成召集到一起。他们是宁海镇的四个元老,他们的身上带着农村工作的每一个历史时期——土改、合作化、“学大寨”、“文化大革命”……现在他们围着火炉子,听年轻的镇委书记讲古:<br />
<br />
This debate lasted until December 20, 1983. 1700 Communist Party members in the whole town, assembled in the Yuxiahe Brigade, the base area of the Eighth Route Army, conducted the annual rectification study of Party members and re-elected their branch members. Xie Yutang brought Qu Tingpu, Wang Yingyun, Sun Chengshan, the old secretary of Yuxiahe Brigade, and Wang Shuncheng, the old secretary of Wang Hezhuang together. They were the four elders of Ninghai Town. They have experienced every historical period of work in rural areas, namely, land reform, cooperative transformation, learning from Dazhai in agriculture and Cultural Revolution... Now they are around the stove and listen to the young secretary of the town committee talking about stories:<br />
<br />
“刘邦起用韩信而兴汉,韩信年轻的时候,还钻过人家的胯裆;大将周勃是吹鼓手出身;樊哙是杀狗的,相当于咱食品公司的‘杀巴子’;陈平出身贫寒;萧何原来也只是个文书差事;刘邦也不过是‘片长’,十里亭长嘛！用人用其长,用其识,用其才……”讲到半截,谢玉堂出去接电话去了,曲廷璞对着三个老伙伴把拳头一攥、一伸,左右摆了摆,三个老伙伴立时理解了它的含义,那是他们几十年为之奋斗,付出了多少汗水和心血的东西,他们也从那里得到过骄傲和尊严。“这东西不能丢啊!”曲廷璞用强化的语气说。<br />
<br />
"Han Xin served Liu Bang so the Han dynasty became prosperous. When Han Xin was young, he even crawled through between others’ legs. General Bo Zhou was a trumpeter at first. Fan Kuai was a dog killer, which is equivalent to our food company's' butcher. Chen Ping was born in poverty. Xiao He turned out to be just a clerk. Liu Bang was a village headman! When we hire others, we need to find their strengths, knowledge and talents..." Before he finished his speech, Xie went out to answer the phone. Qu Tingpu clenched his fist, stretched it and swung it left and right to his three old partners. They immediately understood the meaning of the posture. They had fought for their job for decades by the sweat of their brow. They also got pride and dignity from it. "This can't be lost!" Qu Tingpu said in an intensified tone.<br />
<br />
谢玉堂又回过头来逐个谈心……这一夜,在这个小小的山庄里,老一代共产党人和年轻的共产党人都失眠了。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang turned around and talked with them one by one... That night, in this small village, the older generation of communists and the young communists couldn’t fall asleep.<br />
<br />
第二天,曲廷璞早饭也没吃得下,不过,他的话倒是表达了四位“元老”的心 声:“我要是犯了错误下去,摔我南墙上没意见,可我没犯错误!我知道车子转弯时要甩下一些人。我18岁当兵,跟党干了这么多年,从来没甩下去过。30年啦,我不想离开,心里难受——可是我听党委的……”<br />
<br />
The next day, Qu Tingpu didn’t want to eat breakfast. However, he really put the thoughts of the four elders into words: "If I make a mistake, it's okay to fire me, but I didn't make a mistake! I know that some people will be left behind when a car turns. I became a soldier at the age of 18 and I worked with the Party for so many years and have never been dumped. I have worked for 30 years, so I don't want to leave. I feel uncomfortable, but I will adhere to the directions of the party committee... "<br />
<br />
宁海镇的共产党人永远忘不了四个老书记向昨天告别的那一刻。主席台上, 党旗高悬,金匾夺目——那匾额金字是镇委书记亲笔题写的:“为革命立功,德高望重;为四化让贤,壮志不已。”四名即将离位的老同志,端坐在主席台上,下面坐着宁海镇的一千多名共产党员,他们默默对望。<br />
<br />
Communists in Ninghai Town will never forget the moment when the four old secretaries bid farewell to yesterday. On the rostrum, the party flag hung high and the gold plaque was dazzling. The gold characters of the plaque were personally inscribed by the secretary of the town Committee: "Making contributions to the revolution, you will be highly respected; Making way for the Four Modernizations, ambition will not be reduced." Four old comrades who were about to leave their posts were sitting on the rostrum, with more than 1,000 Communist Party members in Ninghai Town sitting below and looking at them silently.<br />
<br />
静极了!只有时间不停地越过空间。<br />
<br />
It was so quiet! Only time was flowing.<br />
<br />
“……同志们,我们年轻的共产党员,一定要以这四个老同志为榜样,带领群众在经济建设中,把宁海镇的新局面开创下去。任何时候,傲不长,欲不纵,乐不极,志不满,团结一致,奋发向前,用我们的双手,把宁海镇建设成一个富饶的宁海,美丽的宁海,强大的宁海。我们的目的一定要达到,也一定能够达到!胜利既然属于党,属于人民,当然也属于我们——宁海镇的共产党员们！”<br />
<br />
"… Comrades, our young Communist Party members must follow the example of these four old comrades and lead the masses to create a new situation in Ninghai Town in economic construction. At any time, you should not be arrogant, frivolous, greedy and unambitious. Instead, we should unite together, work hard, and use our hands to build Ninghai Town into a rich, beautiful and powerful town. Our goal should be achieved, and must be achieved! Since victory belongs to the Party and the people, it certainly belongs to us, the Communist Party members in Ninghai Town!"<br />
<br />
镇委书记谢玉堂致辞完毕,四位“元老”手捧金匾,在他们各自的接班人搀扶 下——王荣团扶着王应运,王可勇扶着王承善,孙祥烈扶着曲廷璞,王忠武扶着王 顺成——向台下走去。他们是戴着红花走下历史的舞台的！<br />
<br />
After Xie Yutang, secretary of the town committee, delivered his speech, four elders holding the golden plaque walked off the stage with the help of their respective successors. Wang Rongtuan supported Wang Yingyun; Wang Keyong supported Wang Chengshan; Sun Xianglie supported Qu Tingpu, and Wang Zhongwu supported Wang Shuncheng. They walked off the stage of history with red flowers!<br />
<br />
全场起立,向这庄严的场面报以泪水和掌声！<br />
<br />
The audience stood up and responded to this solemn scene with tears and applause!<br />
<br />
至此,宁海镇的共产党人更新了他战车上的每一根大轴、每一个齿轮。<br />
<br />
At this point, the Communists in Ninghai Town updated every big shaft and every gear on their chariot.<br />
<br />
第七章敬礼!西关文化<br />
<br />
Chapter 7 Salute! Xiguan Culture<br />
<br />
西关公园及西关人<br />
<br />
Xiguan Park and Residents in Xiguan<br />
<br />
——向旧文化告别<br />
<br />
—Say Goodbye to the Old Culture<br />
<br />
若是亲爱的读者对这漫长的旅行已感到了疲惫,我们不妨拐进中国农民兴建的第一座农村公园,稍事休憩,看一看“西关文化”。<br />
<br />
If dear readers are tired of this long journey, we might as well go to the first rural park built by Chinese farmers, have a rest and look at the Xiguan Culture.<br />
<br />
文明来到了西关这片古老的土地上。公园里经常举行各种各样的农民舞会、农民歌咏会、农民运动会。1984年春节的运动会上,党支部书记李德海连拿200米田径冠军、象棋冠军、举重冠军。出奇的是观看运动会的社员也得奖品,“以资鼓励”,那是为了冲击一下“蹦蹦跳跳何不去抡镰头”的旧观念。<br />
<br />
Civilization came to Xiguan, an ancient land. Various farmer dance parties, farmer singing meetings and farmer sports meetings are often held in the park. At the Spring Festival sports game in 1984, Li Dehai, secretary of the Party branch, won the 200-meter dash, chess and weightlifting champion. Surprisingly, the members who watched the sports game also got prizes as encouragement, which was to influence the old idea of "why not swing the sickle when you are jumping".<br />
<br />
走出公园,穿过宽阔的“文化路”,绕过机声隆隆的“十大企业”,让我们再去看看西关大队的奶牛场,成群的奶牛每天挤出一桶桶的鲜奶,西关人提着暖瓶来把牛奶打回家去,代替以前的高粱糊糊。西关人在改变着食品结构,讲究吃的文化。他们讲究的不是油水,而是口味。讲氨基酸、维生素、高蛋白。母亲和妻子不必在一个锅里做两样饭,把一家人的饭食分成等级,也不必偶尔吃一顿好饭而回避着街坊邻居,因之产生“好饭不怕晚”的俚语,更不会有老观念中的“偷嘴媳妇”。村中心的西关饭庄里有高级厨师和各种山珍海味,社员在家中只要拿起电话,红彤彤的烧对虾、亮晶晶的扒海参、白生生的芙蓉干贝、香喷喷的松鼠鱼,会按时给送上门。打开精制的酒柜,你会看到精装的茅台和罐装的青岛啤酒,餐室里配置有带转盘的餐桌,上面经常摆着北京烤鸭和火锅涮海珍。<br />
<br />
Walking out of the park, crossing the wide cultural road and bypassing the Top Ten Enterprises with rumbling machines, we can see the dairy farm of Xiguan Brigade again. People in Xiguan milk groups of cows every day, and they carry thermos flasks to take the milk home to replace sorghum paste. Xiguan people are changing the food structure and paying attention to the culture of eating. What they pay attention to is not grease, but flavour. They care about amino acids, vitamins and high protein. Mother and wife don't have to cook two kinds of dishes in one pot to divide the family's meals into grades. You don't have to avoid your neighbors when eating a good meal occasionally. As a result, the slang of "good things come to those who wait" comes into being, and there will absolutely be no wife sneaking a taste of food in the old concept. There are senior chefs and various delicacies in Xiguan Restaurant in the center of Zicun Village. Members only need to pick up the phone at home, and red roasted prawns, sparkling sea cucumbers, white scallops and delicious yellow croakers will be delivered to their homes on time. If you open the refined wine cabinet, you will see Maotai with good package and canned Tsingtao Beer. The dining room is equipped with a dining table with a turntable, on which Beijing roast duck and seafood hot pot are often placed.<br />
<br />
我们不妨再看一看西关人住的文化。第一代住房是茅草屋,那也许是人类从原始的进化期就有的——木窗棂,土打墙,又低又矮,这模式一直延续到“文革”后期还屡见不鲜。第二代住房是李德海就任大队支书后由大队统一规划的砖瓦平房,一户三间,对面锅台对面炕,独门小院,也颇宽敞幽静。第三代住房是三中全会后兴建起来的。电灯电话,楼上楼下,却有别于城市里的单元公寓——每家都有个小院,建筑面积110平方米。有带晒箱的洗澡间,有瓷砖壁的厨房,有宽敞明亮的客厅和餐室。厨房里用的是煤气炉——大队有自己的煤气站。现在不必再贴灶王爷——习惯和观念都是生活造成的,改造它也靠生活本身。如今富足的西关人也有闲情厕身于艺术,把漂亮的影星请到宽敞的家里来做客,她们有张瑜、陈冲、丛 珊、刘晓庆、张金玲——当然,现在还仅限于她们的剧照,好客的主人等待着有一天 她们能从银幕上走下来,坐进他们这布满红木家具的第三代“农舍”。不,等她们到来的时候,西关人的第四代住房已经竣工,那是别墅式的小楼,它的建筑面积达200平方米,其规格、样式、造价都足以和那些“将军楼”“专员楼”媲美。而在这楼房里生活的老人们,将和国家职工一样地享受退休金,每月60元,外加“工龄补贴”。西关人的“工龄”,是从三中全会召开的1978年开始计算,这是耐人寻味的。<br />
<br />
We might as well look at the culture of the living conditions for Xiguan people again. The first generation of these residents lived in thatched cottages with wood panels and low earth wall that human beings have had this pattern since their primitive evolution period. It was widespread until the late Cultural Revolution. The second-generation housing was a brick bungalow planned by the brigade after Li Dehai took office as the branch secretary of the brigade. It had three rooms, and the kitchen was in the opposite of the heatable brick bed. It also had a small courtyard with one door, quite spacious and quiet. The third generation housing was built after the Third Plenary Session. There were lights and telephones upstairs and downstairs, which were different from the unit apartment in the city. Each family had a small courtyard with a building area of 110 square meters. There were bathrooms with a dryer, kitchens with ceramic walls, spacious and bright living rooms and dining rooms. In the kitchen was a gas stove, because the brigade had its own gas station. Now there is no need to stick the picture of the Kitchen God. Habits and ideas are caused by life, and they depend on life itself to transform them. Nowadays, wealthy Xiguan people also have free time to enjoy art. They invite beautiful movie stars, including Zhang Yu, Chen Chong, Cong Shan, Liu Xiaoqing and Zhang Jinling, to be guests in their spacious homes. Of course, these are only stage photos. Hospitable hosts are waiting for their arrival in their third generation "farmhouse" full of mahogany furniture from the screen one day. No, when they arrive, the fourth generation housing of Xiguan people had been completed. It was a villa-style small building with a building area of 200 square meters, and its specifications, styles and cost will be comparable to those of "General Building" and "Commissioner Building". The old people living in this building will enjoy pension of 60 yuan per month and wage for seniority in the same way as the national employees. It is intriguing that the seniority of Xiguan people began to be calculated in 1978 when the Third Plenary Session was held.<br />
<br />
西关人在创造着崭新的西关文化,这是和物质文明相伴而来的精神文明。他们把自己生活的地方整个儿变成了一个大花园。<br />
<br />
Xiguan people are creating a brand-new Xiguan culture, which is a spiritual civilization accompanied by material civilization. They turned the whole place where they lived into a big garden.<br />
<br />
“西关文化”的创造,不能不追溯到最初滚动起“锈蚀的车圈”的人——党支部书记李德海。当党中央在三中全会上向全党发出新的指令,许多人还在互相询问“什么？刚才喊的是什么”的时候,李德海已经迎着发令枪的啸音弹跳了出去,成 为胶东改革“鱼肚白”时的一颗启明星!他利用巩固的集体经济,一下子转入了大工业,创造了一个又一个的胶东之最——最早达到人均分配1000元,最早实现电视村,最早在村里设了电话总机,最早修起农民公园,最早办起农民中等专科学校……现代化像个活蹦乱跳的怪物,猛烈地冲击着古朴的传统!<br />
<br />
The creation of Xiguan Culture must be traced back to Li Dehai, secretary of the Party branch, who first rolled up the "rusty car circle". When the CPC Central Committee issued new instructions to the whole party at the Third Plenary Session, many people were still asking each other, "What? What are these instructions?". But Li Dehai had bounced out against the whistling sound of the starting gun and became a star of Jiaodong's new reform! Taking advantage of the consolidated collective economy, he suddenly transferred to the big business, contributing the most to Jiaodong. Jiangdong was the first village where the distribution money was 1000 yuan per person, the first to have TV, the first to set up a telephone switchboard, the first to build a farmer park, and the first to set up a farmer secondary college... Modernization is like a living monster, violently impacting the quaint tradition!<br />
<br />
李德海语录<br />
<br />
Quotations from Li Dehai<br />
<br />
——向老皇历告别<br />
<br />
—Say Goodbye to the Old Chinese Almanac<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“正其义,不谋其利。君子谋道不谋食。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Everything is done for the sake of justice and not for personal gain. A gentleman pursuits Tao rather than food."<br />
<br />
李德海对经济学家薛暮桥说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai told economist Xue Muqiao:<br />
<br />
“‘大锅饭’”与社会主义,挫伤了群众的积极性。不是‘我要干’,而是‘要我干’, 离开干部的眼就耍熊。那时候都觉着干部难当,群众不好领导,但却找不到病根。三中全会以后,群众有了干劲。为什么？这是:人叫人干人不干,政策调动一大片。<br />
<br />
"Food prepared in a large canteen and socialism have dampened the enthusiasm of the masses. It's not 'I want to do it', but 'I am asked to do it'. If they leave cadres, they will act timidly. At that time, we all felt that it was difficult to be a cadre and lead the masses, but we could not find the answer. After the Third Plenary Session, the masses are active. Why? The conclusion is: people are reluctant when they are asked by other people, but policies can mobilize a large number of them."<br />
<br />
“从分配制度上我们是自负盈亏,应当说这是个好饭碗,但不是铁的,不好好干,碗里就没有东西,干得好,收入还不少于国家干部。所以,我们的生产积极性和服务态度可以比国营企业好。再一个,我们‘船小掉头快’,办事自己说了算。官不论大小,说了算就好。不用‘商议商议’‘研究研究’,搞公文旅行。有了这两条,再好好地研究市场,研究消费者需要什么,拾漏补缺,发挥自己的优势……”<br />
<br />
"From the distribution system, we are responsible for our own profits and losses. It should be said that this is a good rice bowl, but it is not an iron one. If we don't do well, there will be nothing in the bowl. If we do well, our income will not be less than that of national cadres. Therefore, our production enthusiasm and service attitude can be better than those of state-owned enterprises. Besides, we "turn around quickly because our ship is small", so we have the final say when dealing with things. It’s good for officials, big or small, to have the final say. We don’t have to ‘negotiate’ or ’study’ with others, leading to tedious and time-consuming process of files and documents. With these two advantages, we will further study the market well, study what consumers need, find out our mistakes, make up for them, and give full play to our own advantages..."<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“知识分子是臭老九……”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Intellectuals are Stinking Old Ninth (ten "castes" of Chinese: bureaucrats, officials, Buddhist monks, Taoist priests, physicians, workers, hunters, prostitutes, (ninth) Confucian scholars and finally beggars)..."<br />
<br />
李德海对某组织部长说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai said to an organization minister:<br />
<br />
“诸葛亮活了56岁,就是不能用人,一个人干,累死了。用兵就是用人,企业管理的核心就是管人,所以我的责任就是管人。管好这个生产力的‘最关键因素’。……官僚主义不爱惜人才,他需要奴才!经营一个企业,必须能拿到利润。靠拼体力,顶多能使利润慢慢地增长,而人才是‘核反应堆’,使利润成倍增长。<br />
<br />
"Zhuge Liang lived 56 years old, but he didn’t know how to find others’ potential, so he was tired to death. To use military forces is to employ talented people, and the core of enterprise management is to manage people, so my responsibility is to manage people. Managing this "most critical factor" in production... Bureaucracy doesn't care for talents, but needs sycophants! To run a business, you must be able to get profits. With labour, profits can grow slowly at best, while talents are "nuclear reactors", which can multiply profits.<br />
<br />
“管好人首先要责任明确。这要有两条保证:政治权力务实,经济利益直接。共产主义时代人们以最高的觉悟代替责任制,到那时应干的,没人不让干,有人不让干,我也要干,不应该给的没人给,有人给我也不要。这就是共产主义觉悟。过去的政治工作,整天翻档案,现在的政治工作,要转向为经济工作服务……<br />
<br />
"Managing people well must first require clear responsibilities. There are two guarantees: exercising political rights well and controlling one’s own benefits. In the Communist era, people replaced the responsibility system with the highest awareness. At that time, no one will refuse to do what should be done; I will still do what should be done even if I am not allowed to do it; no one will give what should not be given, and I will not receive it even if others give what should not be given to me. This is communist awareness. In the past, political work included turning over archives all day, but now political work should help to improve the economy... "<br />
<br />
“礼治君子,法治小人,棒子治驴。前两句是孔子的,后一句是我的。”<br />
<br />
"Courtesy governs the gentleman; law deals with the villain; sticks frighten donkey. The first two sentences are from Confucius and the latter sentence is from me."<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“新三年,旧三年,缝缝补补又三年。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "When you buy something to use, it is new for you in 3 years. Then it will become old in next 3 years. At last, it needs to be repaired to use in the last 3 years."<br />
<br />
李德海对新华社社长穆青说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai told Mu Qing, Xinhua News Agency President:<br />
<br />
“我不带头存款,我带头消费。消费可以刺激生产。低标准,低消费,自满自足的生活方式是小生产观念的反映。简朴是一种美德,但简朴不等于安贫。艰苦朴素是我们的传统,但不是我们追求的目的。西关大队要有300万存款就不好领导了,坐着吃利息,导致社会经济瘫痪。猪肥了不动弹。生产,分配,流通,消费,是商品的总体过程,高分配必须伴随着高消费。外国人能享受的,我们中国人到时候也能享受!我们规定:凡购买十四寸彩电者,每台补贴300元;凡购买电冰箱、电风扇、录音机、洗衣机者,每年补贴零售价的25% ;凡购买新式家具者,每件补贴购进价的10%,鼓励消费。现在全村彩电和新式家具已达到100%。"<br />
<br />
"I don't take the lead in saving money, but I take the lead in spending. Consumption can stimulate production. The lifestyle of low standard, low consumption and complacency is the reflection of the concept of small production. Simplicity is a virtue, but simplicity does not mean poverty. Hard work and plain living are our tradition, but they are not our goal. If Xiguan Brigade has a deposit of 3 million yuan, it will be difficult to lead, because people in this brigade will sit down and enjoy interest, leading to social and economic paralysis. Pigs don't move when they are fat. Production, distribution, circulation and consumption are the overall process of commodities, and high distribution must be accompanied by high consumption. What foreigners can enjoy, we Chinese can enjoy it then! Our policies are that those who buy 14-inch color TV sets will be subsidized by 300 yuan per TV; Those who buy refrigerators, electric fans, tape recorders and washing machines are subsidized by 25% of the retail price every year; For those who buy new furniture, 10% of the buying price is subsidized for each piece to encourage consumption. Now everyone has color TV sets and new furniture in the village. "<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“当一天和尚撞一天钟。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Go on tolling the bell as long as one is a monk."<br />
<br />
李德海对剧作家漠雁说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai said to Mo Yan, a playwright:<br />
<br />
“我一辈子欠两个人的情,一个是我母亲的情,一个是共产党的情。我们共产党人要干一天打算一辈子。作为一个共产党员,你那个单位搞不好,就起到了反对党的作用,因为你导致了群众对党的不满。我们是共产党人,我们要维护共产党的事业,共产党的事业要令人向往!是真拥护党的路线,还是假拥护党的路线,检验的标准是实践,你能为党办成一点事也好！如果我们每个共产党人都在中华民族历史上做出一点点贡献的话,共产主义的到来就会大大加快！生当作人杰,死亦为鬼雄,君子持德不图其报,我们这些人都是为党死而后已的人,个人有什么呢?”<br />
<br />
"I owe two people in my life. One is my mother and the other is the Communist Party. We Communists have to plan our whole life for one day. As a Communist Party member, if your department is not good, it means the Party is prevented from development, because you have caused the masses to be dissatisfied with the Party. We are Communists, so we should safeguard the cause of the Communist Party, which should be desirable! The standard of test is practice, checking whether you really support the party's line or not. And it is good that you can accomplish something for the party! If each of us communists makes a little contribution in the history of the Chinese nation, the arrival of communism will be greatly accelerated! Be man of men while you're alive, and soul of souls if you're dead. A gentleman with virtue doesn’t ask for rewards. We are all people who can die for the party. Does it matter for only a person?"<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“知足常乐,安贫乐道。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Be content with your current situation and a simple but virtuous life."<br />
<br />
李德海对笔者说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai said to the author:<br />
<br />
“我喜欢和文艺界的人交往,一是你们说的话不为准,二是能开阔我的眼界。<br />
<br />
"I like to associate with people in the literary and art circles. First, what you say does not need to be exact. Second, but you can broaden my horizons."<br />
<br />
“历史上改革者都没有好下场。商鞅变革被五马分尸,王安石变法掉了乌纱帽。大将不怕阵前亡,有心当改革者就不怕掉脑袋！对改革的两种看法,过去有, 现在有,将来也有！长六指的人本来是怪异,突然割了去也觉得像少了什么。改革者的前提是爱国主义精神。爱国主义精神是最大的精神文明。国家如有难,汝当做先锋。共产党人为改革敢于去攻碉堡,敢于捐躯铺路。我说应该给改革者立功, 评一级英雄！<br />
<br />
"Reformers have never come to a good end in history. Shang Yang was dismembered because of his reform, and Wang Anshi lost his job because of the New Policies. A general is not afraid of dying in the battle, and if one wants to be a reformer, he is not afraid of losing his life! There are two views on reform in the past, now and in the future! People with six fingers were originally weird, and suddenly they felt like something was missing when a finger was cut off. The premise of reformers is patriotism. Patriotism is the greatest spiritual civilization. If your country is in trouble, you should be a pioneer. Communists dare to attack bunkers and die for reform. I think that we should make meritorious deeds to reformers and evaluate first- level heroes!"<br />
<br />
“改革也不是一朝一夕的事情。国营企业没松绑那时候,我们是活人和死人打仗,那还没有个赢?现在一松绑,有些人还麻木不仁,真正想干点事的人,现在就该加快步伐整顿。<br />
<br />
"Reform cannot be completed in a matter of days. At that time, when power was not devolved to the state-owned enterprises, we were fighting with the dead, so will we lose? Now that state-owned companies have power, some people are still insensitive. Those who really want to do something should speed up the pace of rectification now."<br />
<br />
“做什么事情不能有把握了再干,有个五六成就动手啊,说不定一干就干成了。 万无一失、手拿把攥的方案是没有的,按部就班,那不叫改革！<br />
<br />
"We can’t do something after we are sure about it. When the possibility of success is beyond 50%, we can embark on reforms and maybe we will be successful. There is no plan to be foolproof. Sticking to the rules is not reform!"<br />
<br />
“你们写文章要实事求是,不要把改革者写成神。只要写出改革者的苦衷,写出他们为什么要这么做,就行了！让外面知道中国农民是有血性、有志气、有刚火、有才干的,是能够夸耀于整个人类的！”<br />
<br />
"You should seek truth from facts when writing articles, and don't regard reformers as gods. Just write down the difficulties of reformers and why they did it! Let the outside know that Chinese farmers are enthusiastic, upright, ambitious, competent and talented, and can be praised among the whole mankind!"<br />
<br />
黄昏中的曲线<br />
<br />
Curvy Figures in the Dusk<br />
<br />
——向封建礼教告别<br />
<br />
—Say goodbye to Feudal Ethics<br />
<br />
一个小小的村子,一下拿出20万元,建起两个露天游泳池,在全国也许是第 一家。<br />
<br />
A small village spent 200,000 yuan at a time on two outdoor swimming pools, which may be the first one in China.<br />
<br />
西关游泳池开放那天,正逢我在他们大队采访,那是7月16日,头一天,李德 海到游泳池边巡视一圈,觉得这里少了点什么,当即把大修厂厂长和玩具厂的厂长叫了来:<br />
<br />
On the opening day of Xiguan Swimming Pool, I was interviewing their brigade. It was July 16. Before the day, Li Dehai visited the swimming pool and felt that there was something missing here. He immediately called the director of a garage and a toy factory:<br />
<br />
“搞两个跳水台,两个更衣室,要符合规格,美观大方,明天早晨我来看！”<br />
<br />
"Build two diving platforms and two locker rooms, which should meet the specifications and be beautiful and tasteful. I will come to see them tomorrow morning!"<br />
<br />
两位厂长不敢怠慢,连夜带领工人铆、焊、锯、接,第二天来参加剪彩仪式的人们瞠目结舌,游泳池端神话般地立起两个高高的跳水台,那是足以和“奥运会”赛场上的跳水台媲美的,另外还有两个小别墅式的浅绿色的更衣室。<br />
<br />
The two factory directors did not dare to neglect, so they led the workers to do their jobs, welding and sawing overnight. The people who came to attend the ribbon-cutting ceremony the next day were stunned. Erected at the end of the swimming pool surprisingly were two high diving platforms, which were comparable to the diving platforms in the Olympic Games. There were also two small villa-style light green locker rooms.<br />
<br />
姑娘们不好意思走近游泳池跟前,用正眼去看那些裸露着肌肤的小伙子们,但新生活的浪花毕竟有巨大的吸引力,小伙子们在池中的每一声拍击都回荡着文明的呼唤。<br />
<br />
Girls were embarrassed to approach the swimming pool and look at the bare-skinned boys, but after all, the waves of new life had great attraction, and every slap of the boys in the pool echoed the call of civilization.<br />
<br />
于是,有两位姑娘挺身而出,在黄昏时起程,开始了向文明的过渡——她们带着羞颜租了游泳衣和救生圈,在晚霞中显露出自己优美的曲线——世界突然发现了她们,她们解下了束在身上的封建礼教,勇敢地向水中跳去,让肌肤贴着新生活的潮流。<br />
<br />
So, two girls stepped forward and set out at dusk to the transition of civilization. They rented swimming suits and lifebuoys with shame, and showed their beautiful curves in the sunset. The world suddenly found them. They took off the feudal ethics tied around their bodies and bravely jumped into the water, letting their skin feel the trend of new life.<br />
<br />
不幸的是,像任何的开拓和探索,都会遇到风浪和波折,一位姑娘不慎将救生圈脱手,这里的水深是2米至4米,她陷于“灭顶之灾”。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, like any development and exploration, there will be storms and difficulties in the process. A girl didn’t seize her lifebuoy accidentally. The water depth here was 2 meters to 4 meters, and she was in danger.<br />
<br />
她的伙伴拼命为她呼喊:“快来救命呀!”<br />
<br />
Her partner shouted desperately for her: "Help!"<br />
<br />
在隔壁池里游泳的小伙子们,开始以为是一个玩笑,当发现是事实时,他们比任何时候都更踊跃,争先恐后地游上前来扶腰、托腿、拉臂、抱头……<br />
<br />
The boys swimming in the next pool began to think it was a joke. When it was found to be true, they were more active than ever, scrambling to swim forward to grab her waist, support her legs, pull her arms and hold her heads...<br />
<br />
两个姑娘回到了更衣室。<br />
<br />
The two girls returned to the dressing room.<br />
<br />
功勋卓绝的小伙子们都不想离去,刚才忙于救护,没有看清两个“开拓者”的芳颜,他们静静地守候在更衣室的门口,像等待着女皇加冕仪式……<br />
<br />
Boys helping a lot didn't want to leave. They just got busy with rescue, so they didn't see the two "pioneers" clearly. They waited quietly at the door of the locker room, like waiting for the coronation ceremony of the Queen...<br />
<br />
撕去封建礼教的遮布,他们也忽然发现了自己的姐妹,发现了美的曲线!<br />
<br />
Tearing off the cloth of feudal ethics, they suddenly discovered their sisters and the curve of beauty!<br />
<br />
但是,使他们大为失望的是,两位姑娘不愿以失败者的面目出现在异性面 前——从后门悄悄离去了!<br />
<br />
However, to their great disappointment, the two girls did not want to appear in front of the opposite sex as losers, so they quietly left through the back door!<br />
<br />
游泳池小小的涟漪冲击进西关大队办公室,有人把它传为险情,有人把它当作逸闻,胆子大的人们对李德海进谏:<br />
<br />
The small ripples in the swimming pool spread across the office of Xiguan Brigade. Some people regarded it as a danger, others regarded it as an anecdote. Some courageous people advised Li Dehai:<br />
<br />
“你修那个游泳池太深了,穆铁柱下去也不露头!”<br />
<br />
"That swimming pool you have built is too deep, and Mu Tiezhu (he is more than 2 memters) can be drowned when he went down!"<br />
<br />
“外国说儿童游泳对身体有好处,咱的池子那么深,儿童更下不去！”<br />
<br />
"Foreign countries say that swimming for children is good for their health. Our pool is so deep that children can't get down!"<br />
<br />
李德海没有回答,久久地沉默着。猛然,他拿起电话:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai did not answer and remained silent for a long time. Suddenly, he picked up the phone:<br />
<br />
“给我接建筑队……许经理吗?你来一下。”<br />
<br />
"Call the construction team... Manager Xu? Come here."<br />
<br />
李德海把建筑队的经理领到游泳池边,用手一指:“在这里再挖一个游泳池,一米五深。3天以内把土方挖完,5天砌好!”<br />
<br />
Li Dehai led the manager of the construction team to the swimming pool and pointed with his finger: "Dig another swimming pool here with the depth of 1.5 meters. Dig the earthwork within 3 days and build it in 5 days!"<br />
<br />
推土机隆隆地开上了那块古老的土地,要为姐妹们开辟ー个文明的渡口……<br />
<br />
Bulldozers rumbled on the ancient land to open up civilized ferry crossings for sisters...<br />
<br />
不久,新游泳池建成,姐妹们不必再用黄昏和暮色遮掩你们的曲线,在正午的阳光下走来吧,如果你们愿意,也不妨穿上比基尼泳装,新文明的春光属于你们的父兄,当然也属于你们!<br />
<br />
Soon, the new swimming pool was built. Sisters, you don't have to cover your curves with dusk and twilight. Come in the midday sun. If you like, you may as well wear bikinis. The spring of new civilization belongs to your father and brother, and of course it belongs to you!<br />
<br />
文明大厦的崛起<br />
<br />
The Rise of Civilization Building<br />
<br />
——向愚昧告别<br />
<br />
—Say goodbye to Ignorance<br />
<br />
李德海在西关创办了全中国第一座农民中专。<br />
<br />
Li Dehai founded the first farmers’ technical secondary school in Xiguan.<br />
<br />
西关农民中专设有乡镇商业和乡镇企业机械制造两个专业,今年首批招生 100名,也就是说,以后每年都将有100个“孙智坤”跨进这个全国第一个由农村生产队兴办的中等专科学校。<br />
<br />
Xiguan Farmers' Technical Secondary School has two majors: township commerce and township enterprise machinery manufacturing. This year, 100 students were enrolled first, that is to say, every year, 100 "Sun Zhikun" will step into the first secondary school set up by rural production teams in China.<br />
<br />
这所学校投资55万元,对于一个农村生产队,是一笔不小的数目。如今,这所文明的大厦已经矗立在宁海湖边。李德海兼任这所农民中专的校长,聘请山东经济学院院长张文杰为名誉校长,并聘请了13名大专毕业的教师。招生对象是高中毕业或具有同等学力的农村青年,参加全省农民中专统一招生考试。学制两年。学习期满、考试合格者,学校发给毕业证书。愿留西关村工作者,经半年实习录用,享受中专毕业生待遇,上学期间学费由西关村退给本人,并每月追发补贴30元。<br />
<br />
This school has invested 550,000 yuan, which is not a small amount of money for a rural production team. Today, this civilization building has stood by Ninghai Lake. Li Dehai is also the principal of this farmer technical secondary school, and Zhang Wenjie, president of Shandong Institute of Economics, is invited as honorary principal. 13 college graduates are hired. Prospective students are rural youth who graduated from high school or have the same educational level, who can participate in the entrance examination of farmers' technical secondary schools in the whole province. The length of schooling is two years. The school will issue graduation certificates to those who pass the examination after the completion of their studies. Workers who are willing to stay in Xiguan Village enjoy the treatment like technical secondary school graduates after half a year's internship. Tuition fees will be refunded to them by Xiguan Village during school, and 30 yuan will be subsidized every month.<br />
<br />
兴办这所中专的深远意义还在于从知识结构上改造农民队伍,由“体力型”转向“智力型”,使之适应现代化的需要,李德海已经看到,仅靠业余教育已远远不够,靠招聘也非长远之计。<br />
<br />
The far-reaching significance of setting up this technical secondary school lies in transforming the farmer’s team from "physical strength" to "intelligence" in terms of knowledge structure, so as to meet the needs of modernization. Li Dehai has seen that amateur education alone is far from enough, and recruitment is not a long-term solution.<br />
<br />
这里要提一笔的是,李德海的招贤纳士在胶东是闻名的。这里没有门户之见, 招聘来的人可以当厂长,当经理,拿西关最高工薪。在1000多名外来人中,人才济济、藏龙卧虎。他们中有会四种外语的经济专家、有机械行业闻名的工程师、有部队离休的团政治委员、有黄埔军校的军医、有“余热发电”的退休教师、有劳改释放的技术员、有李宗仁主持过婚礼的“右派厂长”、有走投无路想跳水库的技术科长、有备受打击的会计师、有逃婚在外的少女、有被哥嫂打出来的孤儿……<br />
<br />
It should be mentioned here that Li Dehai is famous for recruiting talents in Jiaodong. There is no bias against diploma here. The recruits can be factory directors and managers to get the highest salary in Xiguan. Among more than 1,000 outsiders, there are many talented people and undiscovered talents. Among them are economists who can speak four foreign languages, famous engineers in the machinery industry, retired political commissars of the regiment, military doctors of Republic of China Military Academy, retired teachers who still would like to make contributions in spare time, technicians released after the reform through labor, "right-wing factory director" who had a wedding presided by Li Zongren, technical section chief who had no way out to jump into the reservoir, accountants who have been lashed out, girls who have escaped from marriage, and orphans who have been beaten by their brothers and sisters...<br />
<br />
这些人在西关都找到了自己的位置,成为一个有用的人,为西关的起飞做出了贡献!<br />
<br />
These people have found their own position in Xiguan, become available to the society, and made contributions to the take-off of Xiguan!<br />
<br />
愚昧,不仅在于没有文化,更在于对文化的轻视和践踏!<br />
<br />
Ignorance lies not only in lack of culture, but also in contempt for and trampling on culture!<br />
<br />
随着党风的改进和企业的竞争,这些人才的社会来源将越来越少,西关应有自己的文化大厦,从里面走出自己的厂长、工程师、会计师、技术员。<br />
<br />
With the improvement of the Party's work style and the competition of enterprises, social sources of these talents will become less and less. Xiguan should have its own cultural building, from which its own factory directors, engineers, accountants and technicians will be nurtured.<br />
<br />
这就是1984年春天,在病中的李德海为什么急切地把厂长们叫到床前,分派木材厂做桌椅板凳和床铺,分派商场配备炊事用具、教学用具,分派总务主任置办办公设备。而有关人才的选聘,都是李德海亲顾茅庐。<br />
<br />
This is why in the spring of 1984, Li Dehai, who was ill, eagerly called the factory directors to the bed, assigned the timber factory to make tables, chairs, stool and beds, assigned the shopping mall to be equipped with cooking utensils and teaching utensils, and assigned the general affairs director to buy office equipment. And the selection and employment of talents are all managed by Li Dehai.<br />
<br />
有一天,烟台职业教育局一位处长向李德海传信,本县西留格庄联中有一位哈尔滨商校毕业的民办教师。李德海立时从炕上爬起——学校正缺商业专科教师, 他拉上县教育局的离休干部曲维涛登上吉普车。<br />
<br />
One day, a director of Yantai Vocational Education Bureau sent a message to Li Dehai, saying that there was an uncertified teacher who graduated from Harbin Commercial College in Liugezhuang Union Middle School of the western county. Li Dehai immediately climbed up from the heatable brick bed, because the school was short of business college teachers. He asked Qu Weitao, a retired cadre of the county education bureau, and boarded the jeep.<br />
<br />
天已中午,他连午饭也顾不上吃,滴着虚汗,操纵着方向盘,像一个往前方抢运弹药的火线驾驶员。<br />
<br />
It was already noon, but he can't even attend the lunch. Dripping with sweat, steering the steering wheel, he was like a driver rushing forward to transport ammunition.<br />
<br />
汽车径直开到那位教师的家门前,那位教师不知发生了什么事情,因为从来没 有坐吉普车的人来找过他。<br />
<br />
The jeep drove straight to the teacher's door. He didn’t know what happened, because no one in the jeep had ever come to him.<br />
<br />
“孔老师,我是来求贤的！”李德海进门第一句话这样说。<br />
<br />
"Mr. Kong, I'm here to seek talents!" Li Dehai said in the first sentence when he entered the house.<br />
<br />
这位被岁月夺走了青春的民办教师名叫孔庆埠,1957年商校毕业后,几十年来,他的专业一直没有得以应用。<br />
<br />
This uncertified teacher, who was not in his prime, was named Kong Qingbu. After graduating from business school in 1957, he has not applied his expertise for decades.<br />
<br />
“你在商校都学过一些什么课程?……西关中专准备设商业班,你愿不愿意应聘?”<br />
<br />
"What courses have you studied in business schools?... We are preparing to set up a business class in Xiguan Technical Secondary School. Are you willing to join us?"<br />
<br />
“二十多年了,学过的东西都忘了。有些知识也老化了。”<br />
<br />
"It has been over twenty years, so I have forgotten what I have learned. Some knowledge is not new."<br />
<br />
“忘了可以复习,比没有学过要强。去了以后可以边干边学,教学空闲到别的学校走一走,自己深造!”<br />
<br />
"You can review it even if you forget it, and forgetting knowledge is better than not learning. After you come to our school, you can learn knowledge while working, take a walk in other schools when you are free to pursue advanced studies!"<br />
<br />
这个被遗忘在穷山沟里20多年的商校毕业生,做梦也没想到自己的专业还会再有用武之地。他的结发妻子和3个孩子在一边眼巴巴地看着他。<br />
<br />
This business school graduate, who has been forgotten in the poor ravine for more than 20 years, never dreamed that his major would be useful again. His wife and three children watched him eagerly.<br />
<br />
“如果西关需要,李书记你瞧得起,我去！只是不知学校和乡里同意不同意。”<br />
<br />
"If Xiguan needs me and you think highly of me, I'll go! I just don't know if the school and the township agree or not."<br />
<br />
“由我来办!”<br />
<br />
"I'll do it!"<br />
<br />
李德海又登上吉普车,奔学校,奔乡政府去通融。这样一桩复杂的“人事”,从出车到事情定盘,总共用了40分钟的时间。3天以后,孔庆埠已经成了李德海家里的座上客了！<br />
<br />
Li Dehai boarded the jeep again, ran to the school and the township government to bend the rules. Such a complicated thing took a total of 40 minutes from getting out of the car to making a deal. Three days later, Kong Qingbu has become a guest at Li Dehai's home!<br />
<br />
第八章故乡的足音<br />
<br />
Chapter 8 Sound of Footsteps in Hometown<br />
<br />
1984年阴历大年初一,宁海镇举行了有史以来的第一次农民队伍的检阅。<br />
<br />
On the Chinses New Year's Day in 1984, Ninghai Town held the first ever inspection of farmers’ teams.<br />
<br />
迎着早春的霞光,壮阔的万人长队穿过古老而年轻的镇街。<br />
<br />
Facing the glow of early spring, 10,000 people queuing passed through the ancient and young town streets, which was magnificent.<br />
<br />
走在最前面的方队,是宁海镇的农民仪仗队,由120名乡镇企业的男女青年组 成,身穿一色的将军呢制服,戴着白手套,他们高举着彩旗,吹奏着军乐。他们吹奏“国歌”,吹奏“镇歌”——<br />
<br />
The front formation was the honor guard of farmers in Ninghai Town, which was composed of 120 young men and women wearing the same color of general uniforms and white gloves from township enterprises. They held high colorful flags and played military music. They played the national anthem and the town song—<br />
<br />
前进,英雄的宁海人民,<br />
<br />
Forward, heroic Ninghai people,<br />
<br />
党的路线指引着我们向新的时代进军!<br />
<br />
the Party's line guides us to March into a new era!<br />
<br />
我们顶天立地,<br />
<br />
We are indomitable spirit,<br />
<br />
倒悬沧海,<br />
<br />
hanging upside down in the sea,<br />
<br />
吞吐乾坤,<br />
<br />
inhaling and exhaling between heaven and earth,<br />
<br />
敢当历史的巨人。<br />
<br />
and becoming a giant of history.<br />
<br />
勇于开拓,<br />
<br />
Be brave in pioneering,<br />
<br />
万众一心,<br />
<br />
Unite as one,<br />
<br />
向着光辉灿烂的目标,<br />
<br />
Towards a brilliant goal,<br />
<br />
前进,前进,再前进!<br />
<br />
Forward, forward, forward again!<br />
<br />
写着2000年的巨大的火车头开过来了（里面罩着汽车）!它喷吐着浓烟,拉着汽笛;它运行的节奏,震撼着大地,它象征着历史的列车飞速奔驰。<br />
<br />
The huge locomotive with the words 2000 was coming (cars were in it)! It spewed smoke and pulled the whistle; The rhythm of its operation shook the earth. It symbolized that history was developing fast like a zooming train.<br />
<br />
紧跟在后面的,是西关大队。“大黄河”上载着男女社员装扮的“八仙过海”。连续3年人均分配千元的西关人,意气风发地跟在1984年夺得700万纯利润的彩牌车后。他们无愧于是胶东改革的火车头!<br />
<br />
Closely followed was Xiguan Brigade. In the "Great Yellow River" were "eight immortals" dressed up by male and female members. Xiguan people, who have been allocated 1,000 yuan per capita for three consecutive years, exuberantly followed the colorful car with a net profit of 7 million yuan in 1984. They are worthy of being the locomotive of reform in Jiaodong!<br />
<br />
最先和西关争雄的新牟人追上来了! 20辆幸福摩托车在前面开路,像欢迎某国的总统。气势磅礴的“大解放”车队,分别装有“龙凤呈祥”和大队出产的各种工业品的模型转塔。比这更夺目的是他们打出了在新的一年要实现人均分配2000元的彩牌!站在街两旁“吃国库粮”的观众无不为之瞠目结舌。<br />
<br />
The first to compete with Xiguan was Xinmou people who have caught up! 20 Xingfu motorcycles opened the way in front, like welcoming the president of a certain country. The magnificent "Great Liberation" motorcade was equipped with model turrets of "prosperity brought by the dragon and the phoenix" and various products produced by the brigade. What was more striking than this was that they have printed the color card of 2000 yuan per capita in the new year! The audience who had urban household registration standing on both sides of the street was stunned.<br />
<br />
东油坊的方队、王家疃的方队、王贺庄的方队、孔家疃的方队、文化里的方队……一个方队,一排奔腾的浪涛！<br />
<br />
Dongyoufang's formation, Wang village's formation, Wanghezhuang's formation, Kong village's formation, Wenhuali's square team... a formation was like rushing waves!<br />
<br />
——这是真正的男子汉的方队！队伍里集合了不同年龄、不同气质的应稼汉, 他们穿上了一色的“料子服”。那是饱经风霜,像油画《父亲》ー样的面孔,那是涂着古铜色的油彩,像黄河船夫一样的面孔,那是有着目光像铁块一样坚定的面孔, 那是有着额角像大理石一样平展的面孔。无数流逝的岁月在他们的手上磨起了老茧,崎岖的路程膨胀了他们腿上的筋脉。作为共和国大厦的地基,他们嶙峋的肩架上曾背起过大庆的井架,他们的手腕曾擎起过联合国大厦上的五星红旗!今天他们用新的智慧充实了自己的大脑,用新的物质延长了自己的手臂,在这片古老的大地上开动了马达,建筑起大厦,奏响了仙乐,浇灌出鲜花,创建了法则,塑造了时代! 他们扬起男子汉的头颅,那是成熟了的思想果实,历尽了人间的雨雪风霜;他们的双脚是锋利的耧角,在时代的沟垄里插下希望和奇迹——为了使每一个母亲不再为生活垂泪,为使每一个妻子不再为辛劳早衰,为了使每一个女儿不再出卖美丽的发辫,为了使每一个童心的幻想不遭受摧残……<br />
<br />
This was the real man's formation! Wearing the same color of woolen uniform, farmers of different ages and temperament gathered in the team. It was a weather-beaten face like the oil painting "Father", a face painted with bronze, a face like the Yellow River boatman, a face with firm eyes like iron blocks, and a face with flat forehead like marble. Calluses on their hands were caused by past years, and tendons on their legs were expanded because of the rugged journey. As the foundation of the Republic Building, they once carried the derrick of Daqing on their bony shoulders, and their wrists once held the five-star red flag on the United Nations Building! Today, they enrich their brains with new wisdom, extend their arms with new materials, start motors, build buildings, play beautiful music, water flowers, create laws and shape the times in this ancient land! They raise the head of a man, which is the fruit of mature thought and has experienced the rain, snow, wind and frost on earth. Their feet are sharp farming tools, growing hopes and miracles in the furrows and ridges of the times. Because they don’t want to make every mother stop crying for life, make every wife stop aging prematurely for hard work, make every daughter stop selling beautiful braids, and make every childlike fantasy not destroyed...<br />
<br />
——这是以贤良、勤劳闻名的胶东妇女方队！她们步履整齐,也和男子汉们一样,穿上了一色的呢料服装,她们舍弃了那打着补丁的衣服和打着补丁的日子。她们来自窄窄的磨道,来自低矮的灶台,来自茂密而炎热的青纱帐,来自古老小河边的棒槌石。她们集合在时代的旗帜下,脚上不再像祖母和母亲那样裹着缠足布,脸上不像昨日那样带有菜色。男子汉们不会忘记你们,你们用自己的忍饥受饿支撑了贫穷的日子,你们用工巧的针线缝补了艰涩的岁月。胃袋里的瓜蔓、树皮曾早谢了你们的青春,寒冷的秋霜冬雪染白了你们的鬓发！是你们把辛勤养育的儿子和兄弟送给人民军队,让他们用胸膛守卫国疆。为了每ー个父亲、丈夫、儿子都能体面地活在世上,你们把自己的生命变成燃烧的烛光。而今你们挺起了丰满的身躯, 衣襟在行进中旗帜一样飘起,像走向丰收的田野,去收获稻谷,去收获商品,收获汽笛一样欢乐的笑声和锻锤一样凝重的尊严,补偿那歉收的年景……<br />
<br />
This was the formation of Jiaodong women, who were famous for their virtue and diligence! They walked neatly and wore the same color of woolen clothes as men. They gave up the patched clothes and bad days. They come from narrow mill roads, low stoves, thick and hot green fields, and sticks used to pound clothes in washing by ancient rivers. They gather under the banner of the times, and their feet are no longer wrapped in foot-binding cloth like their grandmother and mother, and their faces were not that pale as they were yesterday. Men will never forget you. You have experienced the poor days by suffering from hunger, and you have sewed up the difficult years with skillful needles and threads. The vines and bark in the stomach were in your youth, and the cold autumn frost and winter snow have dyed your sideburns white! It was you who gave your hard-raised sons and brothers to the people's army and asked them to guard the country with their chests. To make every father, husband and son live decently in the world, you turned your life into a burning candlelight. Now you have stood up your plump bod with your skirts floating like flags while marching, like heading for a bumper harvest field to harvest rice, goods, joyful laughter like whistles and dignity like forging hammers, and compensating for the poor harvest year...<br />
<br />
游行队伍里有歌声的舒展,舞姿的奔放,雄狮的跳跃,长龙的奔腾,这是从历史深处走出来的土地的灵魂！<br />
<br />
In the parade, there were relaxing songs, enthusiastic dance, jumping lions and rushing dragons, which were the soul of the land coming out from the depths of history!<br />
<br />
沸腾的宁海镇！激动的宁海镇！<br />
<br />
Ninghai Town with a cacophony of voices! Excited Ninghai Town!<br />
<br />
这队伍像解冻的冰川,你可以听到冰块向前流动的互相撞击声;这队伍是流淌的岩浆,你可以感受到那炙烤肌肤的热风,它冲决了凝固了几千年的传统,一直向前、向前,什么力量也不能把它阻挡！<br />
<br />
This team was like a thawed glacier, and you can hear the sound of ice flowing forward and hitting each other. This team was flowing magma, and you can feel the hot air blowing your skin. It broke the rooted tradition that had been for thousands of years, kept moving forward, and no force can stop it!<br />
<br />
这支按共产党人的构思组合起来的队伍,不再是黄巢的散兵,不再是李自成的败伍,他们是新时期的胶东子弟兵纵队,集合在镰刀、斧头的旗帜下,走进了伟大的中国改革史诗之页,冲撞着21世纪的横线……<br />
<br />
This team combined according to the idea of the communists is no longer Huang Chao’s stragglers and disbanded soldiers or Li Zicheng’s defeated soilders. They are the Jiaodong’s military columns in the new era, who gather under the banner of sickle and axe and are written on the page of the great Chinese reform epic, breaching the barrier of the 21st century...<br />
<br />
（原载《解放军文艺》1985年第5期）<br />
<br />
(Originally published in the People's Liberation Army Literature and Art, Issue 5, 1985)<br />
<br />
==卷二：3.理论狂人 Volume 2: 3.Theory Fanatic==<br />
<br />
理论狂人<br />
<br />
Theory Fanatic<br />
<br />
——献给一位无名经济理论家<br />
<br />
—To a Unsung Economic Theorist<br />
<br />
陈祖芬<br />
<br />
Chen Zufen<br />
<br />
这里就是罗陀斯,就在这里跳跃吧!<br />
<br />
Hic Rhodus, hic salta! <br />
<br />
这里就有玫瑰花,就在这里跳舞吧!<br />
<br />
Here is the rose, here dance! <br />
<br />
——马克思<br />
<br />
—Karl Marx<br />
<br />
夏时制与变革的强制性<br />
<br />
Mandatory for Daylight Saving Time and Reform<br />
<br />
“从北京开往西安的35次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间8点06分。<br />
<br />
"The No.35 train from Beijing to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 8:06."<br />
<br />
“从成都开往西安的238次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间9点12分。<br />
<br />
"The No.238 train from Chengdu to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 9:12."<br />
<br />
“从太原开往西安的425次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间9点52分。<br />
<br />
"The No.425 train from Taiyuan to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 9:52."<br />
<br />
“从上海开往乌鲁木齐的53次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间11点16分。<br />
<br />
"The No.53 train from Shanghai to Urumqi has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 11:16."<br />
<br />
“从广州开往西安的273次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间12点56分。<br />
<br />
"The No.273 train from Guangzhou to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 12:56."<br />
<br />
“从郑州开往西安的4次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间4点14分。”<br />
<br />
"The No.4 trains from Zhengzhou to Xi'an have arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 4:14."<br />
<br />
每次播音员的话音一落,列车里便站起一个个激动不安、迫不及待的记者和学者。1986年5月,从四面八方开往西安的列车和飞机上,突然冒出了这么多“心动过速”的人们——他们的心,早就超越了火车和飞机的速度到达了西安。《人民日报》的记者心急火燎地从北京开着皇冠车,星夜兼程地驰向古都西安。《羊城晚报》的记者,一听说我国20世纪以来发掘的最大的墓葬揭椁开棺,跳上小车去赶广州开往西安的飞机。<br />
<br />
Every time when the announcer finished his words, excited journalists and scholars can’t wait to stand up in the train. In May 1986, on the trains and planes heading for Xi'an from all directions, so many people with "tachycardia" suddenly appeared—their hearts had already surpassed the speed of trains and planes to reach Xi'an. Reporters of People's Daily drove the Toyota Crown from Beijing anxiously to Xi'an, the ancient Chinses capital, all night. Hearing that the largest tomb excavated in China since the 20th century would be uncovered, reporters of Yangcheng Evening News jumped into a car to catch the plane from Guangzhou to Xi'an.<br />
<br />
2600年前建造的这个秦公一号大墓,为研究中国奴隶社会的政治、经济、文化,提供了大量的实物资料。<br />
<br />
The tomb of Duke Jing of Qin built 2,600 years ago provides a lot of materials for studying the politics, economy and culture of Chinese slave society.<br />
<br />
按照马克思主义的历史观,铁器是封建社会生产力水平的一种标志。然而秦公一号大墓,一方面以180多个殉葬的棺椁把秦国的奴隶制社会无可辩驳地展现在我们面前,另一方面又以已经出土的十多件精良的铁器,撼动了关于铁器的标志说。难道秦人也要向马克思主义挑战?我夹杂在“发掘热”的人群里走进了西去的列车。不过我不是想去发掘秦俑的。我要去发掘一个也许是当今了不起的经济理论家。我相信这个人的探索可以为今天中国的经济体制改革提供一些理论依据。<br />
<br />
According to the Marxist view of history, iron is a symbol of the production level in feudal society. However, the tomb of Duke Jing of Qin consisting of over 180 coffins, on the one hand, have irrefutably displayed the slave society of Qin in front of us. On the other hand, more than ten excellent ironware have been unearthed, changing the view of ironware. Do Qin people also challenge Marxism? I walked into the train going west in the crowd obsessed with "excavation rush". But I don't want to see Terracotta Army. I'm going to find a great economic theorist today. I believe this man's exploration can provide some theoretical basis for China's economic system reform today.<br />
<br />
5月4日。我搭乘的279次列车是晚8点多开车。我掐着时间走进列车,一看 表,怎么才7点多?是不是我家里那只钟走错了?还是我糊里糊涂地早走了一小时?可我也不至于这么错乱呵!现在到底是7点还是8点?<br />
<br />
On May 4th, my No.279 train should leave at 8 o'clock in the evening. I calculated the time to walk into the train and look at my watch. Why was it only about 7 o'clock? Was the clock in my house going wrong? Or did I leave an hour early in a confused way? But I would not do it so unwittingly! Was it 7 o'clock or 8 o'clock?<br />
<br />
车窗口的两位穿着蓝西服和灰西服的公民同时亮出表:8点。<br />
<br />
Two citizens in blue suits and gray suits at the train window showed their watches: 8 o'clock.<br />
<br />
但是蓝西服说:“我也搞不清几点了。”<br />
<br />
But the one in blue suit said, "I don't know what time it is either."<br />
<br />
灰西服也说:“我也搞不清几点了。”<br />
<br />
The one in grey suit also said, "I also don't know what time it is."<br />
<br />
表上明明显示着8点,为什么又说搞不清?莫非我走进了一个荒诞派小说的 规定情境?<br />
<br />
The watch clearly showed 8 o'clock, but why did they say they can't figure it out? Had I entered a scene set in an absurd novel?<br />
<br />
又有一个乘客满在行地说:“现在时间不是往前挪了一小时吗。”<br />
<br />
Another passenger seemed an expert, and he said, "Isn't the time moving forward for an hour now?"<br />
<br />
挪前挪后?到底是挪前还是挪后?<br />
<br />
Moving forward and backward? Was it moving forward or backward?<br />
<br />
“今天开始实行夏时制,”终于有了一个大致正常的人,“时针不是往前拨了一小时吗,所以现在的8点就是原来的9点。”<br />
<br />
"Daylight saving time has been implemented since today," finally we got a person who can figure out the current situation. "Isn't the hour hand set forward for an hour, so now 8 o'clock is the original 9 o'clock."<br />
<br />
“不对,现在的8点是原来的7点。”<br />
<br />
"No, the current 8 o'clock is the original 7 o'clock."<br />
<br />
对了!我的表没有拨过,所以才7点。我自己清醒过来后,这オ注意到乘客们愕然不解的眼神,迷乱惶恐的眼神,忧烦木讷的眼神,而在这些眼神的后面,是一种不愿意适应、又不能不适应夏时制而无所适从、无可奈何的被动心理。<br />
<br />
That's right! My watch hadn't been reset, so it was seven o'clock. After I figured it out, I noticed the passengers' startled, confused and worried eyes. And behind these eyes, there was a kind of passive psychology that they were unwilling to adapt to, but had to adapt to daylight saving time, so they were at a loss and helpless.<br />
<br />
夏时制真是一个“不受欢迎的人”。<br />
<br />
Daylight saving time is really an "unwelcome person".<br />
<br />
又有人喊了一嗓子:“每天得提前一小时起床,乱了套了！反正,活的活,死的死吧!”<br />
<br />
Another person shouted: "I have to get up one hour in advance every day, which is a mess! Anyway, we will live or die!"<br />
<br />
有那么严重吗?实行夏时制,又不会像长工资似的,谁多长一级,谁少长一 级——谁也不会因此而亏了一小时。绝对的平均主义！明明谁也没有吃亏。明明谁也不用为此付出多大代价。明明按照日、地运动的规律办事,就可以节约能源, 所以夏时制又叫经济时制。明明在1916年,德、法、英、意等等国家就已采用夏时制了,但是1986年中国的夏时制,还是招来了那么多的惶惶然和愤愤然。<br />
<br />
Was it that serious? The implementation of daylight saving time will not be like the increase of salary, and no one will lose or get the hourly wage—no one will lose an hour. Absolute egalitarianism! Clearly, no one suffered losses. Clearly no one had to pay much for it. Clearly, according to the law of the movement of the sun and the earth, we can save energy, so daylight saving time is also called money saving time. It was clear that in 1916, Germany, France, Britain, Italy and other countries had adopted daylight saving time, but in 1986, China's daylight saving time still attracted so much panic and indignation.<br />
<br />
“我独不解中国人何以于旧状况那么心平气和,于较新的机运就这么疾首蹙额;于已成之局那么委屈求全,于初兴之事就这么求全责备?”对我重复着这句话的,自然是鲁迅了。<br />
<br />
"I don't understand why the Chinese people are so calm in the old situation, but they frown at new opportunities; they compromise on something written in the stars but blame for new things?" It was Lu Xun who repeated this sentence to me.<br />
<br />
车厢里响起了很新潮的歌:<br />
<br />
A very trendy song played in the carriage:<br />
<br />
阿里,阿里巴巴,<br />
<br />
Ali, Ali Baba,<br />
<br />
阿里巴巴是个快乐的青年。<br />
<br />
Ali Baba is a happy young man.<br />
<br />
不管阿里是不是快乐的青年,反正听这种歌就是感受一种情绪。感受到这种情绪的,便都成了快乐的青年。<br />
<br />
Whether Ali was a happy young man or not, listening to this song was to feel an emotion. Those who can feel this emotion became happy young people.<br />
<br />
实行夏时制的中国,也正像一个快乐的青年,一个处在思想活跃期的青年。<br />
<br />
China, which had implemented daylight saving time, was just like a happy youth, a youth in an active period of thinking.<br />
<br />
车厢里的灯突然全黑了。怎么这么早就黑灯了?我跑到车厢过道的灯下看 表,可不,才9点嘛,应该10点熄灯的嘛。哦,对了,我到现在还没有拨过手表,我 以为反正知道夏时制就行了,连表都懒得拨一下。结果是一下熄了灯,连上床的思想准备都没有。我摘下手表,乖乖地往前拨快一小时。看来变革往往带有强制性,不可能都有了思想准备才变革的。<br />
<br />
All the lights in the carriage suddenly went dark. Why was it dark so early? I ran to the car aisle under the lights to look at my watch, ehh, it was only 9 o'clock. It should have turned off the lights at 10 o'clock. Oh, I haven't set my watch yet. I thought I only need to know daylight saving time, so I didn't even bother to set my watch. As a result, the lights went out at once, and there was no mental preparation for going to bed. I took off my watch and moved forward one hour obediently. It seemed that reform was often mandatory, and it was impossible to reform after we prepare for it.<br />
<br />
不过,等我结束了在西安的采访回到北京以后,并没有发现任何因为时间的拨动而引起的汽车误点、火车脱轨、飞机相撞或者神经错乱。人们按部就班,安定团结,再也没有人谈起夏时制。好像夏时制不是从1986年5月4日开始的,而是在公元前就开始了。<br />
<br />
However, when I returned to Beijing after my interview in Xi'an, I didn't find any car delays, train derailments, plane collisions or insanity caused by the ticking of time. People followed the prescribed order, calm and united, and no one talked about daylight saving time anymore. It seemed that daylight saving time was not from May 4, 1986, but began B.C.<br />
<br />
只要能下决心变革,中国人的适应能力也是非同一般的。<br />
<br />
As long as we can make up our minds to change, Chinese people's adaptability is extraordinary.<br />
<br />
我在变革的时间和时间的变革里,到达了西安站。<br />
<br />
I arrived at Xi'an Station in the time of change and the change of time.<br />
<br />
到底怎么写改革<br />
<br />
How to Write Reform in the End<br />
<br />
一个逃犯。<br />
<br />
A fugitive.<br />
<br />
我走出西安站,看到一个高人一等的黑大汉,高举着一块“接陈”的牌子。这是我们的“联络暗号”。因为我不认识他,但又希望一到西安就能见到他。应该说一切都很顺利。凯撒大帝有句名言:我来了,我看见了,我战胜了。现在我来了,我看见了,但是我失望了。<br />
<br />
When I walked out of Xi'an Station, I saw a very tall man with dark skin holding up a sign of "picking up Chen". This was our "contact code". Because I didn't know him, but I hoped to see him as soon as I arrived in Xi'an. It should be said that everything was going well. Julius Caesar has a famous saying: I came; I saw; I conquered. Now I came; I saw, but I was disappointed.<br />
<br />
我觉得我看见了一个逃犯。<br />
<br />
I thought I saw a fugitive.<br />
<br />
我的第一感觉是害怕。那张长脸好像从来也没洗干净过。他50岁。可我觉得他大概从来也没有年轻过,他大概一生下来就这么老了。那莫测高深的三角眼,那阴沉的高鼻。鼻翼两旁像刀刻石凿似的有两道深沟直通向嘴的两旁。而嘴,直接地就像平放着的两把刀。<br />
<br />
My first feeling was fear. It seemed that that long face had never been washed clean. He was 50 years old. But I thought he was probably never young. He was probably born so old. That unfathomable triangular eyes, that gloomy high nose. There were two deep ditches on both sides of the nose like a knife carving stone chisel, which led straight to both sides of the mouth. And the mouth was like two knives lying flat.<br />
<br />
他的布鞋上打着皮革的补丁。我有几年没见到这样打着大补丁的鞋了。我也愈来愈少地见到他这样黄的眼白,或者压根儿就应该叫作眼黄。这补丁,这眼黄,立刻使我想起贫困、拮据、坚韧、过去。不过他穿着过去不穿的西装。但这西装质地之差,之软绵绵,之皱巴巴,都使人败胃。倒好像是仓促之间从哪儿借来套在身上乔装打扮的。干脆那种油污的旧工作服倒能给人带来一种粗犷的美。<br />
<br />
His cloth shoes were patched with leather. I haven't seen shoes with big patches like this in years. I also saw less and less this yellow sclera, or it should be called yellow of the eye. This patch and this yellow eye immediately reminded me of poverty, tenacity and the past. But he was wearing a suit that he didn't use to wear. However, the poor texture, softness and wrinkles of this suit made people sick. It seemed that he borrowed it from somewhere in a hurry and put it on in disguise. Simply that kind of oily old overalls can make people think him rugged.<br />
<br />
他的头发所剩无几地徒劳地盖在秃秃的头顶上。后来听他说这是染黑的,要不都白了。我想又何必染呢?这么几根头发也值得染吗?<br />
<br />
His hair was left a little to cover his bald head, but it was in vain. Later, I heard him say it was dyed black, or it was all white. I thought why dyed it? Were these hairs worth dyeing?<br />
<br />
但他说这事儿的时候是自信的,很值得的样子,就如他自信他干的一切都是值得的。<br />
<br />
But when he said it, he was confident and showed that it was worthy, just as he was confident that everything he did was worth it.<br />
<br />
我3月份收到这个陌生人的第一封信的时候,就决定写完手头一篇报告文学后就去找他。我相信不会虚此西行。他给我的信,一开头就使我预感到我将要经受一种新的思想的撞击:“不管在文学作品中和宣传报道中树立多少光辉的改革者形象,都不会使无所作为和反对改革的领导变为果敢锐敏的改革者。改革者的形象只会鼓舞那些希望并赞成改革的人。然而具有彻底改革思想的人并不一定就会是改革家,原因在于他们无权左右局势。因此不在于号召占据领导地位的人成为改革者,而在于使改革者走上领导岗位。……”<br />
<br />
When I received this stranger's first letter in March, I decided to go to him after writing the non-fiction novel at hand. I believed the westward journey wouldn’t be made in vain. At the beginning of his letter to me, I had a premonition that I would be hit by a new idea: "No matter how many images of brilliant reformers are set up in literary works and propaganda reports, leaders who do nothing and oppose reform will not become bold reformers with a sharp mind. The image of reformers will only inspire those who hope for and agree with reform. However, people with radical reform ideas are not necessarily reformers, because they have no right to control the situation. Therefore, it is not to call on those who occupy leading positions to become reformers, but to make reformers take leadership positions…"<br />
<br />
但我对这个人毕竟一无所知。他真值得我采访吗?他和常规的好人形象相距太远。我身上揣着《人民文学》的差旅费。我要是虚了此行,《人民文学》固然不会追究经济责任,可是我也得讲究时间效益呵。<br />
<br />
But after all, I didn't know anything about this person. Was he worth my interview? He was too far from the conventional image of a good man. I carried the travel expenses of the People's Literature with me. If this trip was in vain, the People's Literature will not pursue economic responsibility, but I had to pay attention to time efficiency.<br />
<br />
他接过我的旅行包:“这个包,我不用叮嘱你不要毁坏,不要丢失,你自然会爱护的,因为你拥有这个包的所有权、使用权和支配权,你是这个包的主人。根本用不着对你进行主人翁思想的教育。我们三十多年来一直对国营企业职工进行主人翁思想教育这件事,恰恰证明了国营企业的职工还不是企业的主人。”<br />
<br />
He took my travel bag and said, "I don't have to tell you not to destroy or lose this bag. You will naturally take care of it, because you have the ownership, use and control of this bag, and you are the owner of this bag. There is no need to educate you on the idea of being a master at all. We have been educating the state-owned enterprises about the sense of ownership for more than 30 years, which just proves that employees in state-owned enterprises are not the masters of the enterprises."<br />
<br />
我立时精神起来了,我想起他那封长信的内容——改革的关键,关键的改革, 是所有制问题。<br />
<br />
I immediately refreshed, and remembered the content of his long letter—the key to reform and the key reform are the ownership problem.<br />
<br />
他这个人,执拗地叫你想起过去,过去。他又顽强地站立在现在,现在。<br />
<br />
He is a man who stubbornly reminds you of the past. But he stands stubbornly in the present.<br />
<br />
精神取代物质和意识决定存在<br />
<br />
Spirit Replaces Materials and Consciousness Determines Existence<br />
<br />
天安门前站着一个高大黝黑的光头青年。上穿蓝粗布衣,下穿用家染的黑粗 布做的抽带肥腿裤。那裤带偏是白的,又偏偏捣乱似的从腰部溜了下来,大模大样地突出在黑裤子中间。但这个光头青年的神情是那么自信、自豪。本来嘛,那年—-1954年的《群众日报》登了陕西省考上高校的全部考生的名单。第一名,韩城县中学的党治国,考上了清华大学。党治国到清华报到后的第一件事,就是到天安门前照这张像。<br />
<br />
In front of Tiananmen Square stood a tall, bald young man with dark skin. He wore blue coarse cloth on the top and wide leg pants with strings made of black coarse cloth dyed at home on the bottom. The strings were white, but they just slipped down from the waist causing trouble, and protruded in the middle of the black trousers obviously. But the bald young man looked so confident and proud. It turned out that Qunzhong Daily published the list of all the candidates admitted to colleges and universities in Shaanxi Province in 1954. The first place, Dang Zhiguo in Hancheng Middle School, was admitted to Tsinghua University. The first thing Dang did after registering was to take this picture in front of Tiananmen Square.<br />
<br />
只是那两条白裤带,使照片上的党治国在威风中透着滑稽。这也没什么。清华大学一年级新生党治国就不信还会有什么事情难得住他。白裤带吗,用墨水一抹不就黑了?行了。很好。不能更好了。至于留头发是不是比光头更好看,制服裤是不是比家织抽带裤更好看,他没想过。他从来不注意服饰。32年后,他知道我要专程到西安去找他时,他才为没有一件过得去的外衣而有些不安。于是就匆匆添置了那身使我一看就败胃的西装。<br />
<br />
Only those two white strings made him look funny in front of imposing Tiananmen Square. It was nothing. Dang Zhiguo, the Tsinghua University freshman didn't believe that there would be anything hard to live with. As for white strings, he just blacked them with ink. That was enough. That was good. It couldn't be better. As for whether head with hair was better than bald head, and whether uniform pants were better than home-woven pants with strings, he never thought about it. He never paid attention to clothes. Thirty-two years later, when he knew that I was going to Xi'an to find him, he was a little upset that he didn't have a decent coat. So he hurriedly bought the suit that made me sick.<br />
<br />
一个从青少年时代就以为精神万能的人,最后连购置一套像点样的西装的物质基础都没有。<br />
<br />
A person who thought that the spirit was omnipotent from his youth didn't even have the material basis to buy a decent suit.<br />
<br />
党治国16岁的时候,有一天和同学们在韩城中学连夜排节目。三九天的夜 晚,不生火就过不去。但教室外是半尺厚的雪,想搞点煤吧,又觉得冷得出不去——来回得走2里雪地呢!怎么去扛煤呵!多厚的棉鞋陷进雪地里也是冻脚。同学们倒抽着冷气往后缩了。<br />
<br />
When Dang Zhiguo was 16 years old, he and his classmates arranged programs overnight in Hancheng Middle School one day. On the coldest nights, you can't get through without a fire. But there was half a chi of snow outside the classroom. Even if you wanted to get some coal, you would feel cold and had to walk, because you had to walk 2 li back and forth! How to carry coal! No matter how thick the cotton shoes were, your feet would be frozen when you got stuck in the snow. The students gasped and drew back.<br />
<br />
党治国叭叭地扔下他的棉鞋,又扒掉他的两只袜子。<br />
<br />
Dangzhuo threw down his cotton shoes and stripped off his two socks.<br />
<br />
“哎,你脱鞋袜干什么?”<br />
<br />
"Hey, why do you take off your shoes and socks?"<br />
<br />
“为了证明在雪地里走路不冷。”<br />
<br />
"To prove that walking in the snow is not cold."<br />
<br />
“你快穿上吧！我们跟你去扛煤就行了。”<br />
<br />
"You should put them on quickly! Let's go with you to carry coal."<br />
<br />
“我说出话就要算数。”<br />
<br />
"I am a man of my word."<br />
<br />
党治国光着两脚走向无情的雪地。不过他连雪地的无情也感觉不出,因为他的双脚很快就冻木了。当然,这毕竟只是2里地,所以他的双脚还能存活。如果是20里地,200里地,16岁的他怕也是会光脚走去的。那么,他的一双脚当然要为他的无视客观物质存在而付出代价了。<br />
<br />
He walked to the ruthless snow barefoot. But he couldn't even feel the ruthlessness of the snow, because his feet soon froze. Of course, this was only 2 li after all, so his feet can still survive. If it were 20 li or 200 li, the 16-year-old boy might still walk barefoot. Then, of course, his feet would pay the price for his disregard of objective material existence.<br />
<br />
20世纪50年代初的中国,商品经济不发达,物质不充足,但人们的精神状态是安适的。中国人,自我需求总有所节制。不过用精神补充物质的不足,把思想作为物质的代替品,只能在一定的时期,一定的限度内。长此以往,乐此不疲,便可能从以精神取代物质发展到以为思想意识可以决定物质存在。一些“彻底的唯物主义者”抛却了唯物主义的基本观点:存在决定意识。30年后,党治国在他的一篇文章中写道:"……用社会意识来解释各种社会现象。好的社会现象是好的社会意识的产物,坏的社会现象是坏的社会意识的产物,于是全部问题被归结为对一种思想的宣传和对另一种思想的批判。”<br />
<br />
In China in the early 1950s, the commodity economy was underdeveloped and the material was insufficient, but people's mental state was comfortable. Chinese people always control their self-needs. However, it can only be within a certain period and a certain limit to supplement the material deficiency with spirit and take thought as a substitute for material. In the long run, if you enjoy it, you may develop from replacing material with spirit to thinking that ideology can determine material existence. Some "thorough materialists" have abandoned the basic viewpoint of materialism: existence determines consciousness. Thirty years later, Dang Zhiguo wrote in his article: "…explaining various social phenomena with social consciousness. Good social phenomena are the product of good social consciousness, while bad social phenomena are the product of bad social consciousness, so all the problems are attributed to the promotion of one kind of thought and the criticism of another."<br />
<br />
1957年,这种批判像火灾似的在清华大学里蔓延开来,烧向钱伟长,烧向黄万里……党治国走上台辩论:他们不是“右派”!党治国走进校党委办公室：他们不是“右派”！<br />
<br />
In 1957, this kind of criticism spread like a fire in Tsinghua University, burning to Qian Weichang and Huang Wanli... Dang came to the stage to debate: they are not rightists! He entered the office of the school party Committee: they are not rightists!<br />
<br />
“正是为了真正拥护党的方针政策,”他在会上说,“可以允许人们先怀疑一下。怀疑以后再把自己驳倒,这才是真正的信任,真正的拥护。”<br />
<br />
"It is precisely in order to truly uphold the Party's principles and policies," he said at the meeting, "that people can be allowed to doubt first. Doubt and then refute yourself later, which is true trust and true support."<br />
<br />
党治国讲话没有一点顾虑。他这个来自黄河边的人,像黄河一样古朴。他对党的感情、对党的忠诚,连一点杂质也没有,自然用不着担心自己说“错”话而成为“右派”。<br />
<br />
Dang had no worries. He was a man from the Yellow River, as simple as the Yellow River. His feelings and loyalty to the party didn't even have any impurities, so he naturally didn't have to worry about saying something wrong to be a rightist.<br />
<br />
但是,根据意识决定存在的“原理”,有“右派言论”的人,就是“右派”分子。<br />
<br />
However, according to the principle that consciousness determines existence, those who have rightist remarks are rightists.<br />
<br />
无限制地强调意识的作用,结果必定是走向反面——取消思想自由。党治国步他的老师们的后尘,也成了“右派”,而且是“极右”。他的一个同窗好友是个结巴,原先一见他老远就叫“党、党、党、党——治国!”憋上半天才憋出“治国”两个字,实在累人。结巴老弟就把他的名字简化成一个字:“党!”现在自然不敢再叫他“党”了。当着人连话也不敢说。只在没人注意时不用称呼地对他说上一句:“浪子回头金不换。”两个月后,没想到结巴老弟也成了“浪子右派”。浪子二号见了浪子一号,只能摇着头说一句:“往事不堪回首。”<br />
<br />
Unlimited emphasis on the role of consciousness must lead to the opposite—abolition of freedom of thought. Dang Zhiguo followed in the footsteps of his teachers and became a "rightist" and an "ultra-rightist". One of his classmates was a stutter. When he saw him far away, he would shout "Dang, Dang, Dang, Dang—Zhiguo!" It was tiring to suppress the word "Zhiguo" for half a day. The stammer reduced his name to one word: "Dang!" Now naturally, he dared not call him "Dang" any more (In Chinese, Dang党 means the Party). He dared not speak in front of Dang Zhiguo. Only when no one noticed, he said to Dang Zhiguo without saying his name: "A prodigal who returns is more precious than gold." Two months later, no one expected that this stammer should become a "prodigal rightist". When the prodigal no.2 saw the prodigal no.1, he could only shake his head and say, "My past is unbearable to recall."<br />
<br />
党治国成了“极右”后,三天没吃饭。他怎么会是“右派”呢?不过,党是不会错的。绝对。那么只有从自己身上找原因了。实在无法想通,只好先接受这个结论——是自己错了,再慢慢去想。<br />
<br />
After Dang became the "ultra-rightist", he didn't eat for three days. How can he be a "rightist"? However, the party can't be wrong. Absolutely. Then he had to find the reason from himself. He really can't figure it out, so he had to accept this conclusion first that he was wrong and then think about it slowly.<br />
<br />
1957年的“右派”里边,有多少人恰恰是先进生产力的代表。1956年党中央提出了“百花齐放、百家争鸣”的方针,到1957年先进生产力就急切爆发出来了。但是,对不起,请君入瓮吧。你们不应该有思想的自由,因为用不着你们思想。<br />
<br />
Many of the "rightists" in 1957 were representatives of advanced productive forces? In 1956, the CPC Central Committee put forward the policy of "letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend", so in 1957, advanced productive forces popped up eagerly. But, I'm sorry, treating someone in your own ways. You should not have the freedom to think, because you don't need your thoughts.<br />
<br />
有计划的盲目生产<br />
<br />
Planned Blind Production<br />
<br />
西安郊区有个新丰砖瓦厂。该厂取土制砖时发现了舍利精室。舍利,是指佛的骨灰。迎舍利,供舍利,是佛家,也是朝廷的大事。释迦牟尼火葬后,八国争夺舍利,百姓求分舍利,分不到的,用金、银、水晶、玛瑙等制作舍利。砖瓦厂发现的舍利精室,就是用水晶做的舍利代用品,水晶舍利装在玻璃瓶里,玻璃瓶装在饰有鎏金狮子、珍珠团花的金棺里。金棺置于饰满翡翠、玛瑙、珍珠、猫儿眼等等的银椁里。释迦如来涅槃后,他的骨灰的代用品都能住进造价这么高的圣地,足见百姓对佛的虔诚。<br />
<br />
There is a Xinfeng brick and tile factory in the suburb of Xi'an. The Buddhist relics room was discovered when the factory took soil to make bricks. Buddhist relics refer to the ashes of Buddha. It is a great event for Buddhism and the imperial court to welcome and offer Buddhist relics. After the Buddha's cremation, eight countries competed for the relics, and the people asked for sharing the relics. If they couldn't get them, they made Buddhist relics with gold, silver, crystal and agate. The Buddhist relics room discovered by the brick and tile factory is a relic substitute made of crystal. The crystal relic was packed in a glass bottle, which was put in a gold coffin decorated with gold lions and pearl flowers. The gold coffin was placed in a silver coffin decorated with jadeite, agate, pearl, chrysoberyl and so on. After the Buddha's nirvana, the substitutes of his ashes can live in the holy land with such high cost, which shows the people's piety towards Buddha.<br />
<br />
把自己的命运系在对佛的信仰上,这大约也是中国人的一种祖传吧。“右派分子”党治国看到报上关于亩产水稻6万斤,亩产红薯120万斤的报道后,不禁对党心悦诚服——国家现在能取得这么大的成绩,自然和清除“右派”有关系。自己成了“右派”,也值得了。<br />
<br />
It is probably the ancestral tradition of Chinese people to tie their own destiny to their belief in Buddha. After reading the newspaper saying 60,000 jin of rice per mu and 1.2 million jin of sweet potatoes per mu, the "rightists" can't help but be convinced that the reason why the country can achieve such great achievements now was because of the elimination of the "rightists". It was worthwhile to become a "rightist".<br />
<br />
就是买东西很不方便。以前可以招呼售货员:同志,请你给我称点什么。现在怎么可以叫人家同志呢?你已经不是人家的同志了。可是,上去就没头没脑地说, 你给我称点什么,又觉得不礼貌。<br />
<br />
It was just that shopping was very inconvenient. He used to greet the salesman: Comrade, please weigh something for me. How can he call someone a comrade now? He was no longer a comrade. However, when he said, "You, weigh something for me" without previous thinking, it was impolite.<br />
<br />
其实售货员谁知道你是“右派”？你自己干吗老给自己念紧箍咒？问题是党治国的确相信了自己是“右派”。因为他至诚地相信党,相信党的每一项运动,不再相信自己。<br />
<br />
In fact, how can a salesman know that you are a "rightist"? Why do you always read yourself the Band-tightening Spell? The problem was that Dang Zhiguo really believed that he was a "rightist". Because he sincerely believed in the party, believes in every movement of the party, and no longer believed in himself.<br />
<br />
既然相信自己是“右派”,就应该保持当“右派”的自觉性,丝毫马虎不得。<br />
<br />
Since he believed that he was a "rightist", he thought that we should keep our consciousness of being "rightists", and we should not be careless at all.<br />
<br />
清华大学的“右派”师生们被送到北京木城涧煤矿改造。打风钻。放炮。挖煤。背煤。1960年底,被开除了学籍的党治国回到家乡韩城县。这就是他的家乡吗?棉花掉了一地没人拣;红薯地里,农民们只拣面上的,不管地下的;干活不记工分;吃饭不要钱。每家的小锅都砸了大炼钢铁了。1959年的誓师会上已经喊出了小麦亩产100万斤。1960年的韩城人每天的粮食却不够半斤。西安火车站挤满了从各地逃荒来的人。<br />
<br />
The "rightist" teachers and students in Tsinghua University were sent to Muchengjian Coal Mine in Beijing for reeducation, using the pneumatic drill and gunpowder, digging for coal and pulling coal. At the end of 1960, Dang, who was expelled from school, returned to his hometown, Hancheng County. Was this his hometown? Cotton fell all over the ground and no one picked it; In the sweet potato field, farmers only picked the one on the surface, regardless of those underground; Work points were useless; There was no need to pay money for dinner. Every small pot has been smashed to manufacture steel. At the pep rally in 1959, it was shouted that the yield per mu of wheat was 1 million jin. In 1960, however, Hancheng people didn't have half a jin of food every day. Xi'an railway station was crowded with people fleeing from all over the country.<br />
<br />
这就是亩产多少万斤的结果?<br />
<br />
This was the result of thousands of jin per mu?<br />
<br />
人有多大胆,地有多大产。思想有多好,产量有多高。这些荒谬的事,为什么 没有人出来提意见? “反右”的损失首先不是把几十万人打成“右派”,而是否定了一个民主原则——让人讲话的原则。<br />
<br />
The bolder people are, the more productive the fields will be. The better the ideological awareness is, the higher the production will be. Why didn't anyone come out to give advice on these absurd things? First of all, the loss of "anti-rightist" is not to label hundreds of thousands of people as "rightists", but to deny a democratic principle—the principle of making people speak.<br />
<br />
唐代长安诗人写过一首有名的《宫词》:<br />
<br />
A poet living in Chang'an in Tang Dynasty wrote a famous Gong Ci (a kind of poetry depicting daily trivia of emperors in the imperial court):<br />
<br />
“寂寂花时闭院门,美人相并立琼轩。含情欲说宫中事,鹦鹉前头不敢言。”<br />
<br />
"Many doors of the palace are closed, and people feel lonely even when flowers bloom. Before the gorgeous window, beauties stand side by side. They want to tell the story of the palace with tender affection, but don’t dare to speak easily as a parrot is in front."<br />
<br />
面对“鹦鹉前头不敢言”的局面,党治国认真地开始了他的怀疑。一天吃不到多少东西,所以也干不了多少活。他开始大量读书,尤其是读马列著作。三十多年后他在一篇文章里写道:“当不承认重力规律的人从高山上往下跳的时候,重力规律不因为得不到这个人的承认而退避三舍。同样,当个人意志、国家意志以至全社会意志不承认某一经济规律的时候,这一经济规律不仅仍然要发生作用,而且发生作用的方式是相当无情和揶揄的。”“有计划的盲目生产比之生产的无政府状态对生产的破坏更大。”<br />
<br />
Faced with the situation that "don’t dare to speak easily as a parrot is in front", Dang Zhiguo seriously doubted something. As he can't eat much in one day, he can't do much work. He began to read a lot of books, especially Marxist-Leninist works. More than 30 years later, he wrote in an article: "When a person who does not recognize the law of gravity jumps down from a high mountain, the law of gravity will not be invalid even if it is not recognized by this person. Similarly, when the will of the individual, the state and even the whole society do not recognize a certain economic law, this economic law not only still has to work, but also the way it works is quite ruthless and embarrassing." "The planned blind production is more destructive to production than it in a state of anarchy."<br />
<br />
计划经济要是违反了经济规律,就不是个别的、偶然的违反,而是整体的“有计划”地违反,后果自然严重。<br />
<br />
If the planned economy violates economic laws, it is not an violation individually or accidentally, but an overall "planned" violation, so the consequences are naturally serious.<br />
<br />
党治国在发生一种变化:由当“右派”的自觉性向做人的自觉性变化。他那长自黄河边的古朴而青春的体内,自信心正在恢复。他写了一副对联:<br />
<br />
A change was taking place in Dang Zhiguo: from the consciousness of being a "rightist" to the consciousness of being a man. His self-confidence was recovering in the simple and youthful body that grew from the Yellow River. He wrote a couplet:<br />
<br />
常保数百卷书千载不做小人 时缺几十斤粮一身仍是大汉<br />
<br />
If you can keep hundreds of books regularly, you will not be reduced to a lowly profession for thousands of years; Even though you lack dozens of jin of food sometimes, you is still a man<br />
<br />
“文化革命”的经济根源<br />
<br />
The Economic Root of the Cultural Revolution<br />
<br />
胸挺腰直,血液畅通,大脑能得到丰富的血液供应,人的思维能力便能达到最佳点。党治国为了获得思维的最佳点,每天劳动回来,必定端坐在床前读《资本论》。或者说,是因为需要啃下《资本论》,他才找到这个最佳点。<br />
<br />
When the chest is straight, the blood is unblocked, the brain can get rich blood supply, so people's thinking ability can reach the best point. In order to get the best point of thinking, Dang must sit upright in front of the bed and read Capital: A Critique of Political Economy after he came back from work every day. In other words, because he needed to understand this book, he found this best point.<br />
<br />
这是1970年2月,“右派”党治国在理所当然地历经批斗、游街等等“文革”系列把戏之后,被判了20年徒刑。<br />
<br />
In February 1970, the "rightist" Dang Zhiguo was sentenced to 20 years in prison after the series of tricks of the Cultural Revolution, such as struggle session and street parading.<br />
<br />
“我说老党,”同室关押的犯人问他,“你判刑最长,怎么不见你发愁呢?”<br />
<br />
"Hey, old Dang," asked the inmate in his room, "you have been sentenced the longest. Why don't you worry?"<br />
<br />
“愁什么?”<br />
<br />
"Worry about what?"<br />
<br />
“等你20年刑满释放出来,你都50多岁了!”<br />
<br />
"When you are released from prison for 20 years, you are in your 50s!"<br />
<br />
“不会的。”<br />
<br />
"It won't happen."<br />
<br />
“怎么不会?你现在35岁,再过20年,不是55岁?”<br />
<br />
"Why not? You're 35 now, 20 years from now, not 55?"<br />
<br />
“不会关这么长。20年是他们的意志。但社会的发展不是以他们的意志为转移的。我相信规律。我相信我最多坐10年牢。”<br />
<br />
"I won't be locked up for so long. Twenty years is their will. But the development of society is not transferred by their will. I believe in laws. I believe I need to be in prison for 10 years at most."<br />
<br />
“嘿!那你整天看《资本论》,演算数学题干什么？瞧瞧,什么价值、增长额、工资、劳动目的!”<br />
<br />
"Hey! Then why do you read the Capital: A Critique of Political Economy and calculate math problems all day? Look, value, growth, salary and labor purpose!"<br />
<br />
“我要研究资本家有多少钱,”党治国狡黠地一笑,“将来我好管理这些钱。”<br />
<br />
"I want to study how much money capitalists have," Dang said with a sly smile. "I can manage this money in the future."<br />
<br />
自然这是一句戏言。不过他在潜意识里认定自己只要不死,就要研究经济问题,研究尚被忽略、但非解决不可的经济问题。因为问题已经愈来愈清晰地显示出来了:一切社会变革的后面,都有经济规律的作用。他党治国落到20年在押犯的地步,中国落到全国上下“脱产闹革命”的地步,绝不仅仅是错误思想的产物,而是有深刻的经济根源的。<br />
<br />
Naturally, this is a joke. However, he subconsciously thought that as long as he did not die, he would study economic problems, which were still neglected but must be solved. Because the problem has become more and more clear: behind all social changes, there are economic laws. It was not only the product of wrong ideas, but also had profound economic roots that he became a prisoner for 20 years and people all over the country left their company to work for a revolution.<br />
<br />
（当然,那时的党治国还不知道中国有个“四人帮”——本人侧重谈经济。）<br />
<br />
(Of course, at that time, Dang did not know that there was a Gang of Four in China. I focused on the economy.)<br />
<br />
经过三年困难时期,我们汲取了一些教训,采取了一些措施。经济得到发展后,必然要求上层建筑有相应的变革。发展了的生产カ必然要求生产关系有相应的变革。这就激化了变革的力量和反变革的力量的斗争。于是批“三自一包”,批“修正主义”。于是高呼“无产阶级专政万岁”。<br />
<br />
After three difficult years, we have learned some lessons and taken some measures. After the development of economy, it is inevitable to require corresponding changes in superstructure. Developed production inevitably requires corresponding changes in production relations. This intensifies the struggle between the forces of change and the forces against change. Therefore, we criticized the agricultural economic policy including managing our own land, free market and taking responsibility for our own profits and losses and household responsibility system. We also criticized revisionism. So we shouted "Long live the dictatorship of the proletariat".<br />
<br />
热昏的头脑是无从知道自己的疯狂行为后边的真实原因的。党治国知道。不是因为他的头脑比人家清醒,而是因为他的经历和感受为他提供了他需要弄清的思想。1957年他在“清华”眼睁睁地看到那些代表先进生产力的专家、教授被专了政。他自己本是满怀着到祖国最艰苦的地方去的理想而报考了清华水利系。他受了《远离莫斯科的地方》这本小说的影响。他要远离大城市。艰苦的环境本身就是一种吸引力。与困难做斗争本身就是ー种吸引力。去做别人做不到的事就是一种吸引力。为伟大理想献身就是一种吸引力。一个全省第一的学生满怀献身的热情出现在清华水利系,这在50年代自然也是先进生产力的ー个分子,因此也难逃被专政的命运。<br />
<br />
It is impossible for those who can’t keep their wits about them to know the real reason behind their crazy behavior. Dang Zhiguo knew it. Not because his mind was clearer than others, but because his experiences and feelings provided him with ideas he needed to make clear. In 1957, he saw that those experts and professors who represented advanced production were deprived of the right to speak in Tsinghua University. He himself applied for the Water Conservancy Department of Tsinghua University with the ideal of going to the hardest place in the motherland. He was influenced by the novel Far from Moscow. He wanted to stay away from big cities. The challenging environment itself was an attraction. Struggling with difficulties itself was an attraction. Doing what others can't do was a kind of attraction. Dedication to great ideals was a kind of attraction. A student who was the first in the whole province was enrolled in the Department of Water Conservancy of Tsinghua University with dedication, which naturally made him a member of advanced production in 1950s, so he could not escape the fate of being deprived of the right to speak.<br />
<br />
后来党治国长年在陕西铜川当井下掘进工。下煤井的活,以前被称为“三块石头夹一块肉”——危险。当时在井下炸煤层,都是正向爆破。就是在煤层打好洞, 放进五六个炸药包后,先引爆最里边的那个炸药包,然后一个个往外引爆。爆炸时高压气体膨胀,往外冲出,分散了爆炸的力度。为什么不能倒过来,先引爆最外边的那个炸药包、搞反向爆破呢?那样不就可以爆力集中了吗?党治国违反了操作规程,搞起了反向爆破。开始是悄悄地。在80年代,人们会认为反向爆破的道理是再简单明了不过的。但是在60年代,谁第一个提出把正向爆破改成反向爆破, 是很难得到认可的。<br />
<br />
Later, Dang worked as an underground tunnel worker in Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province for many years. The work of going down a coal mine used to be called "three stones with one piece of meat, which meant the job was dangerous. At that time, coal seams were blown underground, all of which were the blasting process of forward initiation. That was, after drilling holes in the coal seam and putting five or six explosive packs, first detonate the innermost explosive pack, and then detonate them one by one. When they explode, the high-pressure gas expanded and rushed out, decreasing the power level of an explosion. Why can't we turn it upside down, detonate the outermost explosive pack first, and have the blasting process of reverse initiation? If we did like this, we could have concentrated bombing. Dang violated the operating rules and started reverse blasting. He started it quietly. In the 1980s, people would think that the principle of reverse blasting was simple and clear. However, in the 1960s, it was difficult for the person who first proposed to change forward blasting into reverse blasting to get recognition.<br />
<br />
在无人知晓的情况下试验成功了,也就得到认可了。<br />
<br />
The experiment was successful when no one knew it, and then it was recognized.<br />
<br />
1965年,随着国家经济形势的好转,党治国成了当地煤炭先进技术传播团的一个分子。党治国运用这个爆力集中的原理,集中他的精力,一个时期搞一项技术革新。但是,生产力要求发展的结果,是又一次遭到“革命”。“突出政治”，“再论 突出政治”。人人政治化,社会泛政治化。生产力就一而再,再而三地受到压制。<br />
<br />
In 1965, with the improvement of the national economic situation, Dang became a member of the local advanced coal technology communication group. He used this principle of concentration of explosive power, concentrated his attention, and engaged in technological innovations in a period of time. However, the development required by production forces was once again "revolutionized". "Paying Attention to Mao Zedong Thought" and "Re-discussing the Importance of Mao Zedong Thought". Everyone talked about politicization and the society was about parapolitics. Productive forces were limited again and again.<br />
<br />
于是党治国组织了一个共产主义小组,辅导大家学习《共产党宣言》《马克思主义的三个来源和三个组成部分》等等。30年后他自嘲地对我说,那时候他其实是个空想共产主义者。不过那时候他可是实实在在地进行他的“共产主义”事业的。他连篇累牍地写文章,不仅批“右”,而且批“左”。他只能打着批“右”的旗号来批“左”。这种逆向思维比反向爆破还危险。所以对有家室的好友,他一个都不让他们参加这个共产主义小组。他只要单身男子。果然不久他就被抓起来了。妻子被逼离婚。于是他也成了单身男子。不过他得侍奉一双父母和抚养一个孩子。<br />
<br />
Therefore, Dang organized a communist group to help everyone study the ''Communist Manifesto'', ''The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism'' and so on. Thirty years later, he told me wryly that he was actually a utopian communist at that time. But he actually carried out his "communist" cause. He wrote articles endlessly, criticizing not only "right wing" but also "left wing". He can only criticize "left wing" under the banner of criticizing "right wing". This reverse thinking was more dangerous than reverse blasting. Therefore, he refused to let all his friends with families join this communist group. He only wanted single men. Sure enough, he was soon arrested. His wife was forced to divorce. So he became a single man. However, he had to serve his parents and raised his child.<br />
<br />
判了20年徒刑的单身男子挺胸直腰地坐在监狱的床前,运用爆力集中的原理攻读《资本论》。《资本论》的扉页上,赫然写着:马列主义者党治国。<br />
<br />
Sentenced to 20 years in prison, this single man sat in front of the prison bed upright, using the principle of explosive concentration to study Das Kapital. On the title page of it, it was impressively written: Marxist-Leninist Dang Zhiguo.<br />
<br />
“你还看马列,人家就是用马列把你关进来的!”<br />
<br />
"You still read Marxism-Leninism? People use it to lock you in!"<br />
<br />
“不。那是违背了马列才把我关进来的。”<br />
<br />
"No. They were against Marxism-Leninism, so I was locked in."<br />
<br />
后来党治国在他的文章里写道:“无产阶级革命的目的绝不是要用自己的面貌改造世界,使全社会成员都变成无产者,而是要改变自己的面貌,使自己和社会全体成员都变成有财产的人,最后使一切生产资料为社会全体成员所共有。”<br />
<br />
Later, Dang wrote in his article: "The purpose of the proletarian revolution is by no means to transform the world and make all members of society proletarian, but to change its own face and make itself and all members of society become people with property, and finally make all means of production shared by all members of society."<br />
<br />
“左”倾路线被认为才是对整体利益的维护。而当大多数人的利益都受到不同程度的损害时,所谓“整体利益,就变成了一小撮人的特权。社会主义并不是部分人的专利,而是全人类解放的科学。一个国家的社会主义性质只能用每个社会成员的解放程度、自由发展的程度和富裕增长的程度来衡量,而不能用这个社会对自己的评价来判断”。 " ‘左’倾路线的二十余年,就是不断发起政治运动抑制矛盾、打击改革要求的过程。”是的,极“左”路线下固有的、一成不变的所有制,不可能随时调节生产力和生产关系的矛盾。大跃进。大锅饭。割资本主义尾巴。宁要 社会主义的草。商品经济是资本主义经济的代名词,计划经济是社会主义经济的代名词。践踏经济规律的结果,是经济规律迫使我们付出巨大的代价,然后还得按经济规律办事。<br />
<br />
The "left" line was regarded as the maintenance of the overall interests. When the interests of most people were violated to varying degrees, the so-called "overall interests become the privilege of a small group of people. Socialism is not the privilege of some people, but the science of liberation for all mankind. The socialist nature of a country can only be measured by the degree of liberation, free development and wealth growth of each member of society, but can not be judged by the society's evaluation of itself." "The ‘left’ line for more than 20 years is the process of constantly launching political movements to curb contradictions and influence reform requirements." Yes, the inherent and unchangeable ownership under the "ultra-left" line can't adjust the contradiction between productivity and production relations at any time. The Great Leap Forward. Eating food prepared in a large canteen. Ending speculation. The grass of socialism is better than the seedlings of capitalism. Commodity economy is synonymous with capitalist economy, and planned economy is synonymous with socialist economy. The result of violating the laws of economics is that the laws of economics force us to pay a huge price, and then we have to act according to the laws of economics.<br />
<br />
我登上西安城南大雁塔64米高的顶层向下望去,便想起白居易的诗:“百千家似围棋局,十二街如种菜畦。”从大雁塔通往西安车站的十里长街如同一条直线,很像围棋盘上的棋格。西安的街道使人联想到规规矩矩的单向思维。大雁塔下的景致使人感到单调和缺憾。当年玄奘从印度带回657部梵文经典,就在此地译经十载。公元648年,唐太宗为玄奘所译诸经写总序。唐太宗实行均田制、租庸调法等经济改革,发展外贸和文化交流,乃至把文成公主嫁给吐蕃王松赞十布等,终于出现盛唐局面。盛唐的长安与上百个国家和地区交往。满载丝绸的商队从长安出发,路经中亚、南亚、西亚,直抵欧洲。丝绸之路沿线的古城楼兰,人称“沙漠中的庞贝城”,是商品集散地和中转贸易站。<br />
<br />
When I climbed the 64-meter-high Giant Wild Goose Pagoda in the south of Xi'an, stood on the top floor and looked down, I remembered Bai Juyi's poem: "The distribution of hundreds and thousands of houses in Chang'an is like the board of Go, and the twelve streets separate the city, which is like same vegetable plots." The ten-li long street from the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda to Xi'an Station is like a straight line, which is much like the chess grid on the Go board. The streets of Xi'an reminds me of vertical thinking. The scenery under the pagoda makes people feel monotonous and regrettable. Xuanzang brought back 657 Sanskrit classics from India and translated them here for ten years. In 648 AD, Emperor Taizong of Tang wrote a general preface to the classics translated by Xuanzang. Emperor Taizong carried out economic reforms such as equal-field system and Zu Yong Diao, developed foreign trade and cultural exchanges, and even married Princess Wencheng to the Tibetan king Songtsen Gampo, which finally led to the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Chang'an in the prosperous Tang Dynasty communicated with hundreds of countries and regions. The caravan loaded with silk set off from Chang'an, passed through Central Asia, South Asia, West Asia, and reached Europe. Loulan, an ancient city along the Silk Road, was called "Pompeii in the Desert" and was a commodity distribution center and transit trading station.<br />
<br />
唐朝经济的发达,和思想文化的发达是对称的。中国人从小就背《唐诗三百首》,历来都研究唐代文学,可惜太少研究唐代经济。儒家传统主张以德治国,有没有经济一样治国。但是就算10亿人都能背下《唐诗三百首》,也依然不能在这个世上立足的。<br />
<br />
The development of economy in Tang Dynasty coincided with the development of ideology and culture. Chinese people recite the Three Hundred Tang Poems from an early age, and have always studied Tang Dynasty literature, but it’s a pity that they seldom study Tang Dynasty economy. Confucian traditions advocate governing the country by virtue, and the country can be governed whether there is economy or not. But even if 1 billion people can recite these poems, this country still can't establish itself in this world.<br />
<br />
1300多年过去了,解放30多年了。人们向我介绍西安,不是讲兵马俑,就是讲李白醉卧长安,再不背诵谪仙人的诗:“长安一片月,万户捣衣声。”这使我想起老年人,老人的心态是喜欢回忆过去。<br />
<br />
More than 1300 years have passed and more than 30 years have passed since liberation. When People introduce Xi'an to me, they either talk about the terracotta army or Li Bai lying drunk in Chang'an, or recite the poem of Li Bai: "The bright moonlight shines on the city of Chang'an, and the sound of pounding clothes can be heard from thousands of homes." This reminds me of the old people, whose mentality is to like to recall the past.<br />
<br />
今天的西安即使不和发达国家做横向比较,即使只是自己和自己比,变化是不是也太小了一点?有人对我说:西安地下的比地上的好看。这天我走进城郊一家饭馆,满地的碎骨头剩菜!油垢的饭桌,污浊的塑料酒杯,发黑的香肠和发干的松花蛋。如果唐代的诗人墨客到此一游,恐怕会拂袖而去吧。李白大约会仰天长啸:吃饭难,难于上青天!不过20世纪80年代的顾客们,习惯地熟练地在这里痛饮饱食。而我觉得难以下咽。更何况跳蚤像小人一样在对我进行防不胜防的袭击。我应该入乡随俗?我应该改造自己的思想,改造自己的脾胃?不,我不想去适应这些今天不应有的落后的、不文明的一切。中国人不应该在80年代的今天还坐在碎骨头剩菜间吃黑香肠。我们必须改造这样的饭馆,使之适应更文明的需求,而不是让我们去适应它。<br />
<br />
Even if today's Xi'an is not compared with developed countries horizontally, but is only compared with itself, is the change too small? Someone said to me: Xi'an underground is better than it on the ground. On this day, I walked into a restaurant in the suburbs, and there were broken bones and leftovers all over the ground! Greasy dining tables, dirty plastic wine glasses, blackened sausages and dry century eggs. If the poets of Tang Dynasty visited here, I'm afraid they would leave. Li Bai will probably face upwards and shout: The way to eat delicious food is as hard as the blue sky to scale! However, customers in 1980s used to drink and eat here skillfully. But I find it hard to swallow. What's more, It’s impossible for me to guard against fleas attacking me like villains. I should do as the Romans do? I should have thought reform and adjust my stomach? No, I don't want to adapt to these backward and uncivilized things that shouldn't be there today. Chinese people shouldn't sit between broken bones and leftovers and eat blackened sausages today in the 1980s. We must transform such restaurants to meet the needs of a more civilized society, not let us adapt to it.<br />
<br />
党治国在他的经济论文中写道:“当社会不是从基本的经济事实出发,而是从原则和原理出发,动员思想的、政治的和法律的力量同客观经济规律进行斗争的时 候（‘十年动乱’就是这样典型的时期）,社会付出巨额的经济代价,得到的却是败坏的社会风气和死气沉沉的萧条景象。”<br />
<br />
In his economic paper, Dang wrote: "When the society starts from principles and principles instead of basic economic facts, to mobilize ideological, political and legal forces to fight against objective economic laws ('The Cultural Revolution' is such a typical period), the society pays a huge economic price, but gets bad social climate and depression."<br />
<br />
头脑此心脏重要<br />
<br />
The Mind is More Important Than the Heart<br />
<br />
1975年,邓小平同志出来工作了。在押犯党治国感到好像自己刑满释放ー样的高兴。他觉得这下自己的思想轨迹能合上中央政策的轨迹了。本来嘛,无产阶级夺取政权以后,发展生产力就是无产阶级的根本利益所在。国家的转机来了,他党治国的转机就会来。他把他的希望全部系于小平同志的身上。<br />
<br />
In 1975, Comrade Deng Xiaoping came out to work. The prisoner Dang Zhiguo felt as happy as if he was released from prison. He felt that his ideological track could be close to the track of the central policy. After all, after the proletariat seized political power, it is the fundamental interest of the proletariat to develop productivity. When the turning point of the country comes, the turning point of him will also come. He pinned all his hopes on Comrade Xiaoping.<br />
<br />
但是他等到的却是批邓。<br />
<br />
But what he waited for was to criticize Deng.<br />
<br />
他的头发一下子全白了,稀疏了。<br />
<br />
His hair suddenly turned white and thinned.<br />
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他这个铁铮铮的黑大汉,一下变成了老汉。以前不管在游街时,在监狱中,他的心里经常回荡着他最喜爱的《斗牛士之歌》的旋律。可是从此他再也想不起他那斗牛英雄了,他只记得伏尔加船夫曲了 :唉嗨哟,唉嗨哟……<br />
<br />
He, an unyielding man with dark skin, suddenly became an old man. In the past, whether in the streets or in prison, his heart often echoed with the melody of his favorite "Toreador Song". But he never remembered his bullfighting hero again. He only remembered the "Song of the Volga Boatmen": Ay-da, da, ay-da...<br />
<br />
他并不怕死,准确地说,他最不怕的就是死。但他怕绝望,尤其怕从希望的顶峰突然掉进绝望的深渊。<br />
<br />
He was not afraid of death. To be precise, he feared death the least. But he was afraid of despair, especially falling suddenly from the peak of hope into the abyss of despair.<br />
<br />
社会上大批右倾翻案风,监狱里党治国首当其冲。一个彻底绝望的人,就是一个可怕的人。你们不是要批我翻案复辟吗?好,他自己带头批自己一他不仅要复辟资本主义,而且要复辟封建主义,而且复辟原始共产主义。他从头坏到脚,从脚烂到头。<br />
<br />
In the society, there was the Counterattacking the Right-Deviationist Reversal-of-Verdicts Trend, and Dang bore the brunt in the prison. A completely desperate person is a terrible person. Aren't you going to criticize me for reversing my verdict? Well, he himself took the lead in criticizing himself—he wanted to restore not only capitalism, but also feudalism and primitive communism. He became evil.<br />
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他实在没有生之留恋了。<br />
<br />
There was no love left for him.<br />
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他本来就不重视他这个躯体的物质存在。1967年西安武斗,有一天他把两手插进大衣口袋,大模大样地走向射击密集地。他当时只不过产生了一个奇怪的想法:人中了枪弹是什么感觉?事后想来,那三四十米的射击区里,只他一个人在做死亡游戏,实在也觉得后怕了——不是怕死,是怕死得没意义。<br />
<br />
He didn't pay attention to the material existence of his body. During the violent struggle in Xi'an in 1967, one day, he put his hands in his coat pockets and marched towards an area with intense fire. At that time, he just had a strange idea: What does it feel like to be shot? In hindsight, in the shooting area of 30-40 meters, only he was playing the game of death, and he had a lingering fear—he was not afraid of death, but of meaningless death.<br />
<br />
1968年他在牛棚里给吊打得晕死过去。迷迷糊糊中,听到有人在说:“把党治国打死了也没关系。他死了更好,少了一个反革命。”不,他可不能这么不清不白地死去!<br />
<br />
In 1968, he passed out after he was beaten in the cowshed. In a daze, Ihe heard someone saying, "It doesn't matter if he is killed. It is better if he dies, because a person who is against revolution disappear." No, he can't die in unclear circumstances!<br />
<br />
1970年铜川市把他判了死刑上报省里,省里那次共有七个死刑犯的名单。但据说这一批只枪毙四个,党治国的名字是第五个。又活了过来。打“右派”有指标,抓“现行反革命”有指标,枪毙人有指标。那就是说,不是因为你有罪才杀你,而是因为要杀你才有罪。<br />
<br />
In 1970, Tongchuan City sentenced him to death and reported it to the province, where there were seven prisoners on death row. However, it is said that only four prisoners were shot in this batch, and Dang Zhiguo was the fifth. So he was still alive. There were quotas for fighting against the "rightists", catching anyone who opposed or resisted a revolution after the liberation movement and shooting people. That is to say, it is not because you are guilty that you are killed, but because you are to be killed that you are guilty. <br />
<br />
前四个人当时都给枪毙了,后来都给平反了。如果将来科学发达了,平反的人都能复活就好了。不过这四个人已被打得脑浆迸裂,怕是怎么也复活不了啦。<br />
<br />
The first four people were shot at that time, and then they were rehabilitated politically. If only all the rehabilitated people would be resurrected when technology develops in the future. However, these four people have been beaten their brains out, so they will not be resurrected no matter what approach was taken.<br />
<br />
党治国听到前四名死刑犯的命运后,不寒而栗。现代医学认为判断ー个人是否死亡,首先是看脑子,而不是心脏。头脑比心脏重要。人要是不能思索,不让思索,那就活像是精神的殉葬。西安郊区的前朝古墓里,当初有多少宫女殉葬,多少工匠被活埋!不过秦朝已经比过去进化了,用大量的“俑殉”代替大量的人殉。秦始皇墓附近有三个兵马俑坑。光是一号坑,就有6000件陶俑、陶马,将军俑、武官俑、战袍俑、铠甲俑、跪射俑、立射俑等等。武士俑排成38路纵队,保护着秦始皇的僵尸,保护着僵硬的封建体系。<br />
<br />
Dang Zhiguo trembled when he heard the fate of the first four prisoners on death row. Modern medicine believes that to judge whether a person dies or not, the first thing to do is to look at the brain, not the heart. The mind is more important than the heart. If people can't think and are not allowed to think, it's like spiritual burial. In the ancient mausoleums of former dynasties in the suburbs of Xi'an, how many maids and craftsmen were buried alive! However, the Qin Dynasty has evolved compared with the past, replacing a large number of people with a large number of figurines. There are three pits of terracotta warriors near the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang. In Pit No.1 alone, there are 6,000 pottery figurines, pottery horses, general figurines, military attaché figurines, warrior figurines in battle robes and armor, kneeling figurines, figurines whose posture is shooting and so on. The warrior figurines formed 38 columns to protect the dead body of Qin Shi Huang and the rigid feudal system.<br />
<br />
兵马俑馆的侧,停放着一大溜前来参观者乘坐的汽车。汽车的式样是五花 八门的,汽车的产地却只有一个——日本。偌大的兵马俑馆天天吸引着成千成千的参观者。每天有一千多外宾。香港报纸说里根拍中国马屁,因为里根摸了一下陶马的屁股。法国总理希拉克说世界有七大奇迹,秦俑的发现可以说是八大奇迹了。不过,发掘违反经济规律的教训比发掘古迹更紧迫。较之馆内的兵马俑,馆外的奇迹更给我以强大的刺激——一字长蛇阵地摆着的日产汽车,强化了的日本经济发展的奇迹。<br />
<br />
On the side of the Terracotta Warriors Museum, there were many cars on which visitors sat before. The styles of cars were varied, but the origin of cars was only one—Japan. The huge Terracotta Warriors Museum attracts thousands of visitors every day. There are more than 1,000 foreign guests every day. Hong Kong newspapers said that Reagan kissed China's ass because Reagan touched the pottery horse's ass. French Prime Minister Jacques Chirac said that there are seven wonders in the world, and the discovery of Qin figurines can be said to be the eighth one. However, it is more urgent to discover the lessons of violating economic laws than to discover historical sites. Compared with the Terracotta Warriors inside the museum, the miracle outside the museum gives me a powerful stimulus. Cars made in Japan were placed in a long array, which strengthened the miracle of Japanese economic development.<br />
<br />
经济发展和政治民主是互为作用的。体制的生命力在于自身有新陈代谢的功能,自身能不断选择和更迭各个层次的领导者,自身能不断调整和更新生产关系。党治国写道:“社会主义的扩大再生产还应扩大再生产出社会主义的生产关系。”是的,我们不仅要生产出更多的工农业产品,我们首先要生产出更科学、更合理的生产关系。<br />
<br />
Economic development and political democracy interact with each other. The vitality of the system lies in its metabolism function, its ability to constantly choose and change leaders at all levels, and its ability to constantly adjust and update production relations. Dang wrote: "The expanded reproduction of socialism should also expand and reproduce socialist relations of production." Yes, we should not only produce more industrial and agricultural products, but we should first produce more scientific and reasonable relations of production.<br />
<br />
生——产——关——系?<br />
<br />
Production relations?<br />
<br />
文凭可以补发,思维不能重复<br />
<br />
Diplomas Can be Reissued, But Thinking Cannot be Repeated<br />
<br />
活着的头脑是不能停止思索的。1978年召开全国科学大会的前夕,党治国在监狱里提出他也要向科学大会献礼。他在狱中写了《凿岩机最佳轴推力的研究》和《评皆吉斯朵夫的风钻轴推力公式》等论文,搞了水玻璃泮火机、锉盘的复活技术、自动淬水筛等好几项革新。1980年他一出狱,浮肿着脸就到处搞科技资料,四方出击地发表了关于热处理、轴承、电炉和风动工具等十来篇论文。<br />
<br />
A living mind can't stop thinking. Before the National Science Conference was held in 1978, Dang proposed in prison that he would also present gifts to the conference. In prison, he wrote papers such as Research on Optimal Shaft Thrust of Drilling Machine and Comment on Detistikov's Drilling Machine Shaft Thrust Formula, and made several innovations such as sodium metasilicate quenching machine, revival technology of files, and automatic dewatering screen. When he was released from prison in 1980, he searched scientific and technological materials everywhere with a swollen face, and published a dozen papers on heat treatment, bearings, electric furnaces and pneumatic tools.<br />
<br />
1984年底他调到西安市民用煤研究所工作。他这个清华大学水利系学生进入“右派”生涯后,有10年就是在煤矿里打风钻（即凿岩机）。当初风钻没有支架, 往高处打洞时,党治国本可以搬个随便什么物件,站上去打。但他嫌费事。他总是急急地想多干活。他一见活就着急。他举起60斤重的风钻顶在头上打洞,他那大高个子就是一个活动支架。不过风钻开动时那每分钟震动1800次带来的噪音,整整伤害了他10年。为什么还要听任这种伤人的声波在矿里继续肆虐?！<br />
<br />
At the end of 1984, he was transferred to Xi'an Civil Coal Research Institute. After he, a water conservancy student in Tsinghua University, was recognized as a "rightist", he spent 10 years using drilling machine in coal mines. At the beginning, the drills had no supports, and when holes were drilled in high places, Dang could have moved anything and stood up to drill. But he thought it too troublesome. He was always in a hurry to work more. He was anxious when he had work to do. He lifted a 30-kilogram drilling machine top to make a hole in his head, and his tall figure was a movable bracket. But when the drill machine was turned on, it vibrated 1800 times every minute, which brought noises hurting him for 10 years. Why should he let this hurtful sound wave continue to spread out in the mine? !<br />
<br />
党治国把气动凿岩机的设计图纸送到一些有条件生产的工厂。技术人员一看就明白,可是领导们说:这只不过是图纸,没有样机来证明。<br />
<br />
Dang sent the design drawings of rotary pneumatic rock drills to some factories with conditions for production. Technicians can understand them when they see them, but leaders said: This is just a drawing, and there is no prototype to prove it.<br />
<br />
可是,党治国是测试过数据,证实了原理的。<br />
<br />
However, Dang had tested the data and confirmed the principle.<br />
<br />
可是,连风钻的使用单位也不想关心这种新型风钻的产生,因为制造和他们无关。<br />
<br />
However, even the users of pneumatic drills did not want to care about the production of this new type of pneumatic drills, because manufacturing had nothing to do with them.<br />
<br />
正儿八经搞制造的工厂,一想生产新机器要投资新设备,投资本身就带有冒险性质。冒险的事不干。<br />
<br />
Factories that were seriously engaged in manufacturing thought that they had to invest in new equipment if they wanted to produce new machines, and investment itself was risky. Employees in these factories didn’t want to take risks.<br />
<br />
洛阳有个厂或许有可能生产。党治国用上他四年没用的探亲假赶去了,住在洛阳一个旅馆里,每天的伙食是四个烧饼。这每天四个烧饼,引起了同屋一个人的注意。他是江苏泰兴一个乡办厂的负责人。乡镇企业有自主权,有变革自己落后面貌的愿望,有靠开发新产品闯出路子的需要。他先是为党治国的四个烧饼所感动,后是为党治国的凿岩机所打动,决定把这个项目带回江苏去搞。<br />
<br />
There was a factory in Luoyang that may produce it. Dang took his parental leave that he didn’t use for four years to go there, and stayed in a hotel in Luoyang. The daily food was four baked wheat cakes. These four baked wheat cakes every day attracted the attention of one of Dang’s roommates. He was the person in charge of setting up a factory in Taixing, Jiangsu Province. Township enterprises had ownership, had the desire to change their backward appearance, and the need to find a way out by developing new products. He was first moved by Dang’s four baked wheat cakes, and then moved by the rock drills of Dang, so he decided to bring this project back to Jiangsu.<br />
<br />
小厂很有积极性,当下投进两三万元的资金。但是,这么一个突破传统结构的凿岩机,让一个乡办小厂搞,从资金到人力,都难以继续下去。具有研制能力的大单位,又不想列入计划。那么,党治国自己集资?<br />
<br />
The small factory was very motivated, and 20,000 yuan to 30,000 yuan were invested. However, it was difficult for a small township-run factory to continue from capital to manpower, with such a rock drill that broke through the traditional structure. Large units with research and development capabilities did not want to be included in the plan. So, Dang raised funds by himself?<br />
<br />
清华大学的教授们,黄万里已经寄来了100元,钱伟长就要寄钱来了……<br />
<br />
Professors from Tsinghua University like Huang Wanli had already sent 100 yuan, and Qian Weichang was going to send money...<br />
<br />
中国几十年来割资本主义尾巴,近几年小心翼翼地提出一部分人先富起来。党治国哪里去找这些先富起来的人?党治国怎么能筹集这上万上万的资金?<br />
<br />
China had been cutting off the tail of capitalism for decades, and in recent years it has carefully proposed that some people get rich first. Where can Dang find these people who get rich first? How can he raise tens of thousands of funds?<br />
<br />
他原先以为出了监狱就是解放了。1980年他是被提前释放的。如果按原判20年的话,他本应服刑到1990年。既然对他是错判,那么能不能还他时间呢?<br />
<br />
He thought he was liberated when he left prison. He was released early in 1980. According to original trial, he would have served his sentence until 1990. Since he was wrongly judged, can his time be given back?<br />
<br />
当然这是幻想。清队时有个人分不清“幻”字和“幼”字,以为只是意思相通读音不同。每每在对党治国们训话时,用上他以为很有学问的话:“一切幻想都是幼想! 一切幼想都是幻想!”一个“党治国专案组”五个人一年就得花一万多元钱,应该有人做个社会调查——全国有过多少专案组、调查组,用了多少人力,用了多少金钱,解决了多少问题,制造了多少冤案。侵犯的人权,要不要追究法律责任?浪费的金钱,要不要承担经济损失?<br />
<br />
Of course, this was a fantasy. During the period of cleansing the class ranks, there was a man who couldn't tell the difference between the word "幻" (fantasy) and the word "幼" (young), thinking that they had the same meaning but different pronunciation. Every time he lectured Dang and others, he said what he thought was very learned: "All fantasies are young! All young thoughts are fantasies!" Five people in a "task force for Dang Zhiguo" had to spend more than 10,000 yuan a year. Someone should make a social survey on how many task forces and investigation teams have been in the country, how many manpower and money have been used, how many problems have been solved and how many unjust cases have been created. Do you want to pursue legal responsibility for violated human rights? Do you want to bear economic losses for wasted money?<br />
<br />
不该查不该调的内查外调所花的巨额投资如果用来开发新产品,那么开发的岂止是产品,还有是积极性,是人!<br />
<br />
If the huge investment spent on unnecessary investigation was used to develop new products, then not only products, but also enthusiasm and people will be more!<br />
<br />
为了个人的利害关系用公家的钱去整人,是不会心疼钱的;为了企业的发展多揽一件事,又何必找这个麻烦?企业搞不搞新产品,于个人有什么利益?<br />
<br />
For the sake of personal interests, it is not distressing to use government money to trick people. In order to take one more thing for the development of the enterprise, why bother? Whether an enterprise engages in new products or not, what benefits does it have for individuals?<br />
<br />
我站在秦陵二号铜车马跟前,不胜感慨! 2000多年前就有这样的工艺水平! 一共3000多个部件,根据铸件性能的不同,采用不同的合金比例,青铜的冶铸技术和现在基本相仿,机械连接采用的是现在仍在广泛使用的键连接、饺链连接等等。马身上装配的金当卢、金银泡等饰件和用具就有2500多件。铜车马在地下埋了2000多年了,至今链条非常灵活,车的门窗开关自如！<br />
<br />
I stood in front of the bronze chariots and horses of Qin Mausoleum No.2, and I was overwhelmed with emotion! There was such a technological level more than 2000 years ago! There were more than 3,000 parts in total. According to the different casting properties, different alloy ratios were adopted. The smelting and casting technology of bronze was basically similar to that of now. The mechanical connection adopted key joint, pilot pin joint and so on, which are still widely used now. There were more than 2,500 pieces of ornaments and utensils such as gold masks and gold and silver bubbles assembled on horses. Bronze chariots and horses have been buried underground for more than 2000 years. Up to now, the chain is very flexible, and the doors and windows of the car can be opened and closed freely!<br />
<br />
我们的先人在公元前就有这样的科学技术水平,那么2000年后的今天,进展如何呢?<br />
<br />
Our ancestors had such a level of science and technology in BC, so what is the progress today after 2000 years?<br />
<br />
进展也好,不进展也好,反正照样拿工资。<br />
<br />
Whether there is progress or not, people still get the money anyway.<br />
<br />
我打开清华大学第002150号毕业证书。证书上是一张像出土文物似的老人相片。不知是因为五十来岁的党治国照得比他实际年龄更老,还是因为他现在的相片放在大学毕业证书上实在不相称而愈加显老。50年代的清华大学水利系学生在80年代拿到了补发的毕业文凭。不过他已经不想把他的主要精力放在科技上了。<br />
<br />
I opened the diploma No.002150 of Tsinghua University. On the certificate was a photo of an old man like an unearthed cultural relic. I didn't know whether it was because Dang in his fifties was taken older in the picture than his actual age, or because his current photo was out of proportion with his college diploma. Students in the water conservancy department of Tsinghua University in the 1950s got a reissued diploma in the 1980s. But he didn't want to focus on technology anymore.<br />
<br />
文凭可以补发,思维不能重复。他积几十年之教训,感到首先要面对的是——生产关系。<br />
<br />
Diploma can be reissued, but thinking cannot be repeated. After decades of lessons, he felt that the first thing he had to face was production relations.<br />
<br />
没有主人的企业<br />
<br />
Enterprises Without Owners<br />
<br />
那些国营企业为什么不想创新产品、不想要人才?农村改革势如破竹,为什么到城市以后改革就步履维艰?乡镇企业拳打脚踢,生气勃勃,国营企业为什么缺乏活力?原因是什么?症结在哪里?<br />
<br />
Why didn't those state-owned enterprises want innovative products and talents? Rural reform was in full swing. Why was it difficult to reform in cities? Why did state-owned enterprises lack vitality when township enterprises were full of vigor? What was the reason? Where is the crux?<br />
<br />
党治国的回答是:“企业中没有真正的主人。”<br />
<br />
The answer of Dang was: "There is no real owner in the enterprise."<br />
<br />
工人不是企业的主人吗?解放初,我们就宣传工人当家做了主。三十多年过去了,难道还没成为企业的主人?“三十多年来一直对国营企业的职工进行主人翁思想教育这件事本身,恰恰证明国营企业职工不是企业的主人。”党治国写道,“一对年轻夫妇买了一台彩电,等不到走出商店的大门,对于这台彩电的主人翁思想,便像铁钉一样钉入了他们的脑海,根本用不着对他们进行主人翁思想的教育。”<br />
<br />
Aren't workers the owners of enterprises? At the beginning of liberation, we publicized that workers were the masters of the country. After more than 30 years, haven't they become the owner of the enterprise? "For more than 30 years, we have been educating the employees of state-owned enterprises about their ownership, which just proves that the employees of state-owned enterprises are not the owners of enterprises." Dang Zhiguo wrote, "After a young couple bought a color TV set, the ownership about this TV will be nailed into their minds before they get out of the door of the store. And there is no need to educate them how to be the owner of it."<br />
<br />
我们不是承认思想是第二性的吗?那么,主人翁思想也应该是被物质存在决定的オ对。党治国的思考方向带有科学性。<br />
<br />
Don't we admit that conscious experience is based in physical processes? Then, ownership should also be determined by material existence. The thinking direction of Dang is scientific.<br />
<br />
我们常常可以看到这种场面:一个工厂突然停电了,或者是机器坏了,工人们喜形于色,奔走相告。因为既可以早回家,又算是出勤了,工资照发。企业的亏损或盈利和职工的利益没有多大关系。群众不能多得,但是可以少劳。职工对企业的冷漠态度,不过是企业所有制关系在职工意识中的反映。<br />
<br />
We can often see such scenes: a factory suddenly went out of power, or the machine broke down, and the workers were jubilant and rushed to tell each other. Because they can go home early and they also punch in, so they can still gain salary. The loss or profit of an enterprise has little to do with the interests of employees. The masses can't get more, but they can work less. The indifferent attitude of employees towards enterprises is only a reflection of the sense of ownership of enterprises.<br />
<br />
企业的领导是不是主人?当然我们有很多优秀的领导,但是为什么报纸上经常有这样的披露:<br />
<br />
Is the leader of an enterprise the master? Of course, we have many excellent leaders, but why do newspapers often disclose this:<br />
<br />
“新华社长春7月21日电:吉林铁合金厂9名厂级干部在不到两年的时间里, 平均每人晋升5.28级,其中最高的长了7.5级;1984年,每人平均得奖金1770多元,是职エ奖金的4.4倍。”（1985年7月22日《西安晚报》）<br />
<br />
"Changchun/July 21/Xinhua News Agency: In less than two years, nine factory-level cadres of Jilin Ferroalloy Factory were promoted by an average of 5.28 levels, of which the highest was 7.5 levels; In 1984, each person received an average bonus of more than 1,770 yuan, which was 4.4 times the employee bonus." (Xi'an Evening News, July 22, 1985)<br />
<br />
“鞍钢钢铁研究所联合实验厂三名领导干部‘以官论奖’,乱分奖金现象严重。 他们在不到九个月的时间里,每人平均分得奖金8600余元,相当于工人奖金的19倍,在职工中造成恶劣影响。”（1985年8月6日《工人日报》）<br />
<br />
"Three leading cadres in the joint experimental factory of Angang Iron and Steel Research Institute 'give awards according to seniority', and the phenomenon of randomly dividing bonuses is serious. In less than nine months, each of them received an average bonus of more than 8,600 yuan, which is equivalent to 19 times of the employee bonus, causing bad influence on employees." (Workers' Daily, August 6, 1985)<br />
<br />
“这类国营企业的领导人,他们作风上的损害国家及职工利益以自肥,和工作上的极端不负责任,说明他们也不是企业的主人。”<br />
<br />
"The leaders of such state-owned enterprises, whose style of work is harmful to the interests of the state and employees, and they are extremely irresponsible for their work, which shows that they are not the owners of the enterprises."<br />
<br />
“主人不盗窃自己的财产。”党治国一语道破了问题的实质。<br />
<br />
"The owner does not steal his own property." Dang's words reveal the essence of the problem.<br />
<br />
他进一步论证说:“主人就是人格化的所有权。作为企业的主人,他个人的利益和命运应该同企业的兴衰和前途是息息相关的。他在企业中的利益,绝不是一个可以忽略的量。例如对于一个拥有1000万元资金和1000名职工的企业来说, 每个职工推动的生产资金为1万元。而如果每个职工仅仅以社会全体成员之一, 也就是说作为我国10亿人口之一的身份享有对企业的所有权,那么企业的资产对于每个职工来说就只有0.01元。企业的倒闭只使职工个人损失1分钱,又怎么能期望每个职工把企业的存亡当作自己性命攸关的事情呢?”<br />
<br />
He further argued: "Owner is personalized ownership. As the owner of an enterprise, his personal interests and destiny should be closely related to the rise and fall and future of the enterprise. His interests in the enterprise are by no means negligible. For example, for an enterprise with 10 million yuan capital and 1,000 employees, the production capital promoted by each employee is 10,000 yuan. And if each employee only enjoys the ownership of the enterprise as one of all members of society, that is to say, as one of China's 1 billion people, then the assets of the enterprise are only 0.01 yuan for each employee. The collapse of the enterprise only makes the individual lose 1 cent. So how can we expect each employee to regard the survival of the enterprise as a matter of vital importance?"<br />
<br />
当一个人对于企业财产拥有的数量,足以影响他的生存并决定他的贫富的时候,他方才称得上企业的真正主人,而不仅仅是观念上的主人。主人的权利表现在参与企业的决策和管理的权利;在企业按劳动参加分配的权利;按对企业财产占有量参加利润分配的权利。<br />
<br />
When the amount of property owned by an individual is enough to affect his survival and determine his wealth, he can be called the real owner of the enterprise, not just the conceptual owner. The owner's right is manifested in the right to participate in the decision-making and management of the enterprise, in the right to participate in distribution according to labor in enterprises, and in the right to participate in profit distribution according to the possession of enterprise property.<br />
<br />
农村实行联产承包责任制获得成功,有人便以为承包万能,在城市里也大搞承包。但“包字进城”并没有取得预想的结果。党治国找出了其中的原因。农民承包成功,关键是权利和义务的对等。超产固然使农民首先得利,歉产也使农民首先亏损。经营责任者没有责任能力（赔偿能力）,是国有企业严重存在而又难以解决的实际问题。有的厂长说,我给国家亏损了几十万。可有什么办法?把我这一百多斤交给孙二娘卖人肉包子,也卖不了几个钱嘛。<br />
<br />
When the implementation of the household responsibility system in rural areas was successful, some people thought that the system was omnipotent, so they also introduced it in cities. However, it did not achieve the expected results. Dang found the reason. The key to the success of farmers' household responsibility system is the equivalence of rights and obligations. Although overproduction makes farmers benefit first, failure to produce also makes farmers lose first. It is a serious and difficult problem for state-owned enterprises to solve that those who are responsible for management have no responsibility ability (or compensation ability). Some factory directors said that they lost hundreds of thousands of yuan to the country. But what can they do? Let Sun Erniang make filling in buns with my flesh weighing over 100 jin to sell them, and she can't earn too much.<br />
<br />
没有责任能力的时候,就可能不负责任。好比叫一个3岁的小孩上街买彩电, 他在路上把钱丢了,你也无可奈何,因为小孩没有这个责任能力。<br />
<br />
When you have no ability to be responsible, you may be irresponsible. For example, if a 3-year-old child is asked to buy a color TV set, and he loses his money on the way, you have no alternative, because the child doesn't have the ability to be responsible.<br />
<br />
党治国把问题做了进一步的引申,说明国营企业缺乏持久的活力,是一个包括社会主义和资本主义国家在内的世界性问题。我们在理论上承认职工是企业的主人,却不知道主人的财产权究竟在哪里?主人,这是一个确切的经济事实,而不是一个思想概念。它确定职工在企业中的地位,使职工看到关系着自己的命运的可变的经济利益,唤起职工的负责精神!<br />
<br />
Dang extended the problem, which shows that the lack of lasting vitality of state-owned enterprises is a worldwide problem including socialist and capitalist countries. Theoretically, we admit that employees are the owner of the enterprise, but we don't know where the owner's property rights are. Owner is an exact economic fact, not an ideological concept. It determines the position of employees in the enterprise, makes employees see the variable economic interests related to their own destiny, and evokes the sense of responsibility of employees!<br />
<br />
“走后门”和经济规律<br />
<br />
Pulling Strings and Economic Laws<br />
<br />
主人不在,后门洞开。<br />
<br />
In the absence of the owner, the back door opened.<br />
<br />
有些紧俏商品,例如名牌自行车,凭票证供应。票证本来是无价的,但是人们通过送礼、行贿从后门搞来的票证,就是有价的了。交换越发展,票证就越能得到它的充分价值。最后,一张票证甚至可卖到100来元。<br />
<br />
Some goods in short supply, such as brand-name bicycles, are supplied by coupons (a system imposed to control the production of food and to boost industrialization). Coupons are priceless, but coupons that people get by pulling strings and bribes are valuable. The more the exchange develops, the more the coupon can get its full value. Finally, a coupon can even be sold for about 100 yuan.<br />
<br />
名牌自行车的供销矛盾,本来可以通过调整价格来解决。如果原来值150元一辆,可以提高到200元、250元,提高到一定程度,供销就会趋向平衡。每辆自行车多卖的钱,就用来扩大名牌自行车的生产。<br />
<br />
The contradiction between supply and marketing of famous brand bicycles could have been solved by adjusting the price. If the original price of 150 yuan can be raised to 200 yuan or 250 yuan, and the supply and marketing will tend to be balanced when the price is raised to a certain level. The extra money sold for each bicycle can be used to expand the production of famous brand bicycles.<br />
<br />
但是我们却用票证来限制购买。结果是100元钱从前门送不进,只好从后门送给了私人。自行车的充分价格,通过曲折的道路实现了。<br />
<br />
But we use coupons to restrict purchases. As a result, 100 yuan's money could not be sent in through the front door, so it had to be given to individuals through the back door privately. The full price of bicycles is raised through winding roads.<br />
<br />
所以,经济规律不仅不以人们的意志为转移,反过来还要转移人们的意志。党治国发表了他的论文:《经济规律在行动中——论走后门是济经规律遇阻时发生作用的一种形式》。<br />
<br />
Therefore, economic laws not only do not transfer people's will, but also transfer people's will in turn. Dang published his paper: "Economic laws are in action—pulling strings is a form of economic laws that work when they are limited".<br />
<br />
“走后门等不正之风不过是国家花巨款买来的社会祸害。它是经济规律遇阻时发生作用的一种形式,也是经济规律对于诸如‘物价稳定’‘等价交换’、否定地租规律等固定观念的惩罚。”“人们所能改变的,只是经济规律发生作用的形式,而不能改变经济规律本身。”<br />
<br />
"Dishonest practices such as pulling strings are just social scourges bought by the state with huge sums of money. It is a form of economic laws that work when they are limited, and also the punishment of economic laws for fixed concepts such as 'price stability', 'equivalent exchange' and denial of land rent law." "What people can change is only the form in which economic laws work, but not the economic laws themselves."<br />
<br />
我走到西安的城墙下,城墙周长11.9公里,高12米,顶宽12至14米。真是 庞大的防御体系。给人安全感和封闭感。这是明朝朱元璋修建的:“高筑墙,广积粮,缓称王。”后来我们继承传统,提出了“深挖洞,广积粮,不称霸”。结果是即使称霸也未必具有威慑力量,至今吃饭还要粮票,西安市中心的地下防空洞改装成了低档的游乐场。洞内墙壁剥落,洞里传出粗重的迪斯科乐声。售票员姑娘在众目睽睽之下用廉价的化妆品细细地对着小镜子抹脸。好像她的工作不是售票,而是做化妆讲座。<br />
<br />
I walked under the city wall of Xi'an. The perimeter of the city wall was 11.9 kilometers, and it was 12 meters high and 12 to 14 meters wide. What a huge defense system, giving people a sense of security and isolation. This was built by Zhu Yuanzhang in the Ming Dynasty: "Build a high wall, accumulate more grain, and slowly become an emperor." Later, we inherited the tradition and put forward the idea of "digging deep holes, accumulating grain extensively, and not seeking hegemony". As a result, even hegemony may not have deterrent power. Up to now, food coupons were needed if you wanted to eat something, and the underground air-raid shelter in the center of Xi'an had been converted into a low-grade amusement park. The walls in the cave peeled off, and thick and heavy disco music came from the cave. The conductor girl applied cheap cosmetics carefully in front of the small mirror in full view of the public. It seemed that her job was not to sell tickets, but to give makeup lectures.<br />
<br />
有什么样的经济基础,就会产生什么样的生活水准和精神素质。经济规律活动在我们的各个领域中。<br />
<br />
Different economic foundations will produce different living standards and spiritual quality. Economic laws are in our various fields.<br />
<br />
尤其突出地活动在住房问题中。我走进城郊党治国的家。屋顶是一根根劈开的树杆,有一根树干上写着一行字:“公元一九八五年金秋九月三日正午新屋上梁大吉。”自然是农民房了。这一间二十多平方米的房,如果在别处就得收月租35元到45元。但这里近处是铁道,噪音不断。窗后是煤厂的大煤堆。一年四季不敢开窗,免得刮一屋子煤灰,所以月租是25元。<br />
<br />
They are especially active in the housing problem. I walked into Dang’s home in a suburb. The roof was made of tree trunks, and a line was written on one trunk: "At noon on September 3rd in the golden autumn of 1985 AD, the new house is in good condition." Naturally, it was a rural house. If this room of more than 20 square meters were located elsewhere, it would have to be rented monthly from 35 yuan to 45 yuan. But there was a railway near here, so there was constant noise. Behind the window was a large coal pile in the coal plant. People dared not open windows all year round, so as to avoid coal ashes from falling in the whole room. So the monthly rent was 25 yuan.<br />
<br />
“这就是地租规律。”党治国对我说,“这是由供需关系决定的。不过住房商品化至今难以推行,总是有人反对吧。人的本能就是利益的本能。现在有些地方,盖房用了一年时间,分房倒用了两年时间。分房比盖房还难。因为违反了地租规律、经济规律。<br />
<br />
"This is the law of land rent." He said to me, "This is determined by the relationship between supply and demand. However, it is difficult to implement the commercialization of housing so far, and some people always oppose it. Human instinct is the instinct of interests. Nowadays, in some places, it takes one year to build houses, but it takes two years to distribute houses. It is more difficult to distribute houses than to build them. Because it violates the laws of land rent and the economy."<br />
<br />
“用行政手段分房,来代替经济规律平衡人口的分布,结果是人们将为之付出活动费和贿赂。这只不过是社会自愿放弃的房租的转化形式。贿赂的多少不是由特权者的贪欲或是行贿者的经济状况决定的,而是由地租规律及其受阻程度决定的。”<br />
<br />
"Using administrative means to distribute houses instead of economic laws to balance the distribution of population. As a result, people will pay activity fees and bribes for it. This is just a transformation form of rent voluntarily abandoned by society. Bribes are not determined by the greed of privileged people or the economic situation of bribers, but by the law of land rent and its degree of obstruction."<br />
<br />
我想起我走进党治国家之前,附近不少农民在盖房,自然又是商品房。我乘坐的那辆汽车差点和一辆运砖的马车相撞——太挤了。人。砖。水泥。木料。而这个盖房大竞赛的总指挥是:经济规律。<br />
<br />
I remembered that before I walked into Dang’s house, many farmers nearby were building houses, which were naturally commercial houses. The car I was in almost collided with a carriage carrying bricks—it was too crowded. People. Bricks. Cement. Wood. And the commander-in-chief of this big competition for building houses is: economic laws.<br />
<br />
思想的局限<br />
<br />
Limitations of Thought<br />
<br />
“两栖人”党治国在继续研制气动凿岩机的同时,又在经济理论的岩层上向更深的层次开凿:他的经济论文《论剪刀差》《经济规律在行动中一论走后门是经济规律受阻时发生作用的一种形式》《一个重要的经济规律——论基本分配规律》等一篇篇地发表了。不过都发在科技刊物上。这未必是经济规律受阻,而是学术空气受阻时发生作用的一种形式。<br />
<br />
While continuing to study rotary pneumatic rock drills, the "Amphibious Man" had dug deeper into the rock stratum of economic theory: his economic papers "On Scissors Difference", " Economic laws are in action—pulling strings is a form of economic laws that work when they are limited", "An Important Economic Law: On Basic Distribution Laws" and so on. They had been published one by one. But they were all published in scientific journals. This is not necessarily a form of action when the economic laws are limited, but a form of action when the academic atmosphere is blocked.<br />
<br />
党治国抓住了事物的根本——经济规律的指挥棒,他便能听清思想工作中的不和谐音了:<br />
<br />
When Dang grasped the baton of economic laws, which is the root of things, he can hear the dissonance in ideological work:<br />
<br />
公有制下的企业,只有在一定条件下,即革命胜利后革命政党和那些受到 革命鼓舞的群众还保持着革命热情和充满着革命理想那样一个黄金时代,才能正常运转和迅速发展。随着革命热情被利害的打算冷却,革命理想为日常的现实所冲淡,这些企业的弊病就出来了。<br />
<br />
Enterprises under public ownership can operate normally and develop rapidly only under certain conditions, that is, after the victory of the revolution, the revolutionary political parties and the masses encouraged by the revolution still maintain revolutionary enthusiasm and are full of revolutionary ideals, which is a golden age. As revolutionary enthusiasm is cooled by plans focusing on interests and revolutionary ideals are less strong because of daily reality, problems of these enterprises come out.<br />
<br />
我们曾经把共产主义简化为小生产者的平均主义,并且宣布是马上就可 以进入的“天堂”。当这种共产主义的幼稚幻想被残酷的事实粉碎后,又代之以“阶级斗争要搞一万年”的极度悲观的论调,并由此诱发出人整人,狂热。人们对一万年以后的共产主义无从稽考,所以光用共产主义的豪言壮语难以普遍地激发人们的热情了。<br />
<br />
We once simplified communism and regarded it as egalitarianism of small producers and declared it a "paradise" that can be entered immediately. When this naive fantasy of communism was shattered by cruel facts, it was replaced by the extremely pessimistic argument that "class conflict should last for ten thousand years", which induced the phenomenon that people trick people and fanaticism. There is no way for people to examine communism after 10,000 years, so it is difficult to arouse people's enthusiasm universally with the grandiloquence of communism alone.<br />
<br />
对于未来,我们更多谈及的,往往是多少产量、多少收入等等物质生活的 提高。很少论及我们的社会主义将有什么发展,我们的所有制、生产方式、分配关系、政治制度、家庭结构、人际关系、思想观念,到时候是什么样子。<br />
<br />
For the future, we often talk more about the improvement of material life, such as output, income and so on. Very little is said about the development of our socialism, and what our ownership, mode of production, distribution relations, political system, family structure, interpersonal relationships and ideas will look like in the days to come.<br />
<br />
当我们常常用未来物质生活如何丰富的数字来充塞人们的头脑时,又怎 能希望只用思想和劝善来填补精神的匮乏呢!<br />
<br />
When we often fill people's minds with figures of how rich material life will be in the future, how can we hope to fill the lack of spirit only by using thoughts and encouraging people to do good?<br />
<br />
现在常常听到责备人们“向钱看”。权利和义务是不可分的。权利超过 义务,就会不负责任,以权谋私;义务超过权利,人们就会推卸责任而变得冷漠,并变着法弥补自己被忽略的利益。这两类表现,可以归之于“觉悟不高”或“思想落后”吧。不过这种道义上的谴责和政治上的批评并不能解决根本问题。撤销职务和法律惩处虽然儆戒未来,却无助于弥补已经造成的经济损失。何况被撤掉的职务本来就不属于被撤职者自己。<br />
<br />
Nowadays, people are often blamed for "looking at money". Rights and obligations are inseparable. If rights exceed obligations, people will be irresponsible and abuse power for personal gain; When obligations exceed rights, people will shirk their responsibilities, become indifferent, and rack their brains to make up for their neglected interests. These two kinds of manifestations can be attributed to "low consciousness" or "regressive ideas". However, this moral condemnation and political criticism cannot solve the fundamental problem. Although dismissal and legal punishment are an example to the future, they will not help to make up for the economic losses already caused. What's more, the removed position does not belong to the removed person himself.<br />
<br />
主人公的责任感,说到底,首先不是一种思想问题,而是一个所有权的问 题。只有当每个社会成员清楚地感受到社会主义所有制对自己究竟意味着什么,才会真正关心社会主义经济的现状和未来,才会真正以主人的身份行使自己的支配权、劳动权和分配权。<br />
<br />
In the final analysis, the owner's sense of responsibility is not a matter of thought, but a matter of ownership. Only when every member of society clearly feels what socialist ownership means to himself, will he really care about the present situation and future of socialist economy, and will he truly exercise his right to dominate, work and distribute as an owner.<br />
<br />
在这种情况下,反复对人们进行主人翁思想教育,将只会使他们感到诧 异。如同你在路上突然被人拉住,向你宣传你要对自己的身体倍加爱护一样。既然人们事实上是社会的主人,并且每个人无一例外地从主人的地位中得到了实际的利益,他们自然而且必然会关心生产资料的正确支配和合理使用,把社会主义事业的发展看作与自己性命攸关的事情。<br />
<br />
In this case, it will only surprise people to repeatedly educate them about being owners. It's like being suddenly pulled by someone on the road, who tell you that you should take more care of your body. Since people are in fact the owners of society, and everyone without exception gets actual benefits from their status as owners, they will naturally and inevitably care about the correct control and rational use of the means of production, and regard the development of the socialist cause as a matter of vital importance to their own lives.<br />
<br />
不能把共产主义这一具有鲜明时代特征的科学等同于自古以来就有的舍 己为人、公而忘私乃至降格到积德行善的水平。原始公社时期那种“不独亲其亲,不独子其子”的人际关系,并不是思想觉悟的表现,而是由生产资料公有制的关系决定的。共产主义不是一种孤立的品质,而是一种标志着一个社会发展阶段的生产关系、社会关系的科学。这就如同卖菜时很会算账的同志未必懂得高等数学ー样。<br />
<br />
Communism, a science with distinctive characteristics of the times, cannot be equated with self-sacrifice, devoted to public interests as to forget one’s own interests, or even degraded to the level of accumulating virtues and doing good deeds since ancient times. In the primitive commune period, the interpersonal relationship—People don't just think of their relatives as their relatives, and they don't just think of their children as their children—was not a manifestation of ideological consciousness, but determined by the relationship of public ownership of the means of production. Communism is not an isolated quality, but a science that marks the relations of production and social relations in a stage of social development. This is just like comrades who are good at settling accounts when selling vegetables may not know advanced mathematics.<br />
<br />
理想和热情必须从科学社会主义的经济基础上产生出来,不可能附着在 过时的体制上。列宁说:“依靠信念、忠诚和其他优秀的精神品质,这在政治上是完全不严肃的。”这里还要加上一句:这在经济上也是完全不严肃的。<br />
<br />
Ideals and passions must emerge from the economic foundation of scientific socialism, and cannot be attached to outdated systems. Lenin said: "Relying on faith, loyalty and other excellent spiritual qualities is completely not serious in politics." Besides, it is also not economically serious at all.<br />
<br />
这里丝毫不包含轻视思想的作用,而是说观念是和利益连接在ー起的。马克思说,精神从一开始就很倒霉,注定要受物质的纠缠。离开了具体的物质利益,单纯靠思想工作来解决所有问题是不现实的。<br />
<br />
There is no contempt for the role of ideas here, but the meaning is that ideas are connected with interests. Marx said that the spirit is unlucky from the beginning, and is destined to be entangled by material. Without concrete material interests, it is unrealistic to solve all problems simply by ideological work.<br />
<br />
党治国企图说明和坚持的,是意识由存在来决定的唯物主义基本原理。<br />
<br />
What Dang attempts to explain and adhere to is the basic principle of materialism that consciousness is determined by existence.<br />
<br />
经济一团糟的经济理论家<br />
<br />
An Economic Theorist Without Money<br />
<br />
党治国对社会主义所有制关系的研究,主张要严格区别公有和共有这两个概念。马克思、恩格斯在《共产党宣言》中强调:“在发展进程中,当阶级差别已经消失而全部生产集中在联合起来的个人的手里的时候,公众的权利就失去政治的性质。”党治国由此认为,科学社会主义所有制,是“联合起来的个人”的所有制,即共有制。社会主义共有制是社会主义公有制的必要准备。社会主义公有制是社会主义共有制的必然趋势。公有不能量化,共有可以量化到个人。<br />
<br />
In the study of socialist ownership relations, Dang advocated to strictly distinguish the two concepts of public ownership and common ownership. Marx and Engels emphasized in The Communist Manifesto: "In the process of development, when class differences have disappeared and all production is concentrated in the hands of united individuals, public rights will lose their political nature." Therefore, Dang held that the scientific socialist ownership was the ownership of "united individuals", that is, the public ownership system. Socialist communal system is the necessary preparation for socialist public ownership. Socialist public ownership is the inevitable trend of socialist public ownership system. Public ownership cannot be quantified, but common ownership can be quantified to individuals.<br />
<br />
公有也罢,共有也罢,党治国自己是一无所有。<br />
<br />
Whether it is public or common, Dang found that he had nothing.<br />
<br />
他1980年出狱后,到现在已经搬了六次家,这才搬到这间靠着煤山、傍着火车轨道的符合地租规律的农民房里。杜甫当年疾呼:安得广厦千万间,大庇天下寒士俱欢颜。当代寒士党治国和他的父母、儿子的衣物连同他们四个人,加起来用一辆东风三轮就可以拉着跑了。所以尽管东搬西挪地到处借房,倒也不算费事。<br />
<br />
Since he was released from prison in 1980, he has moved six times to this rural house, which was close to a coal mountain, beside the train track and conformed to the law of land rent. Du Fu cried out in those days: Could I get mansions covering ten thousand miles, I'd house all scholars poor and make them beam with smiles. The clothes of the contemporary poor man Dang Zhiguo and his parents and son, together with the four, can be pulled with one Dongfeng motor tricycle. Therefore, although they borrowed houses everywhere, it was not troublesome.<br />
<br />
1986年的中国,城市里居然还有这样穷困的角落。一眼望去,这间屋里不是板子,就是绳子。旧板子搁在长凳上,是党治国和他儿子的床。他父母睡一张借来的旧板床,床腿绑着绳子倒也能站得住。凳子的腿也绑着绳子。破写字桌上,又是用一根白绳子系着一个自己用烟纸卷就的灯罩。<br />
<br />
In China in 1986, there was such a poor corner in the city. At first glance, this room had either planks or ropes. The old plank was on the bench, which was the bed for Dang and his son. His parents slept in a borrowed old bed made of planks, and the legs of the bed can stand with ropes tied. The legs of the stool were also tied with ropes. On the broken writing desk was a lampshade wrapped with cigarette paper and tied with a white rope.<br />
<br />
还有大案板和小板箱。<br />
<br />
There were also big chopping boards and small crates.<br />
<br />
党治国这30年,从精神到肉体的挨板子,从精神到肉体的被捆绑,终算安定下来了,陪伴他的又多是板子和绳子!我只觉ー阵苦楚。<br />
<br />
In the past 30 years, he was beaten from the spirit to the body, and was tied up from the spirit to the body, and he finally settled down. What accompanied by him most were planks and ropes! I only felt a burst of pain.<br />
<br />
恩格斯说过,马克思是最大的经济学家,可是他自己的经济ー团糟。<br />
<br />
Engels said that Marx was the influential economist, but his own economy was bad.<br />
<br />
一位朋友为说话而说话:“今天天气很好。”<br />
<br />
A friend spoke for the sake of talking: "It's a fine day today."<br />
<br />
“1970年的时候,我弟弟唯一的愿望就是但求有个好天气。”党治国说,“当时已经决定判我死刑了。家里人有什么办法?只求能从刑场拉回我的尸体。弟弟借好了架子车,可是我老家韩城离铜川有三四百里地,要是赶上雨天,那一趟泥地够我弟弟拉的!我既然必死无疑,家里人就退ー步只希望有个好天气了。”<br />
<br />
"In 1970, my brother's only wish was to have a good weather." Dang said, "At that time, it was decided to sentence me to death. What can my family do? They just want to pull my body back from the execution ground. My younger brother borrowed a wheelbarrow, but my hometown Hancheng was three or four hundred li away from Tongchuan. If it was a rainy day, it would be difficult for my younger brother to pull the wheelbarrow because of the mud! Now that I will die definitely, my family concede and only hope for a good weather."<br />
<br />
党治国好像在叙述一件与己无关的事。淡淡的。也许他遇到的悲剧太多了? 也许他们韩城人有判刑后发奋的传统?他的书桌旁贴着一幅韩城人司马迁狱中写《史记》的画。党治国在狱中通读《资本论》三遍,自然还读凡能入狱的马、恩、列、 斯、毛的著作。监狱里来了新犯人,每每叫党治国来一个节目——背诵《矛盾论》和《实践论》,一字不差。<br />
<br />
He seemed to make light of a matter that has nothing to do with himself. Maybe he had encountered too many tragedies? Maybe they Hancheng people had a tradition of striving after being sentenced? Next to his desk was a painting of Sima Qian, a native of Hancheng, writing ''Records of the Grand Historian'' in prison. Dang read ''Das Kapital'' three times in prison, and naturally read the works of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin and Mao Zedong who can be imprisoned. When there were new prisoners, they asked Dang to perform every time—he recited ''On Contradiction'' and ''On Practice'' verbatim.<br />
<br />
读书之余便是写作。他这间板子加绳子的屋里,唯一可以进入80年代的,是他妹妹送他的一只红皮箱,箱里全是他写的经济学论文的手稿。在剪刀差、所有制等等的中间,扎眼地珍藏着一部精装本的《简・爱》。这是他第四次买《简・爱》了。抄走一本,再买一本。以他现在还欠债一千来元的经济条件,去买一本不知读过多少遍的小说锁于箱里,足见他对简・爱这个女主角的偏爱了。我不由得望望箱边堆着的脏衣服,那么,箱里的简・爱便是这屋的单身男子的妻了。<br />
<br />
Besides reading, Dang wrote something in his spare time. In his room with planks and ropes, the only thing that can enter the 1980s was a red suitcase given to him by his sister, which was full of manuscripts of his economics papers. In the middle of scissors difference, ownership and so on, a hardcover version of Jane Eyre was conspicuously treasured. This was the fourth time he has bought Jane Eyre. If one was confiscated, he would buy another one. With the economic condition that he was still in debt of about 1,000 yuan, he bought a novel that he had read many times and locked it in a box, which showed his preference for Jane Eyre, the heroine. I couldn't help looking at the dirty clothes piled up by the box, so Jane Eyre in the box was the wife of a single man in this room.<br />
<br />
没有一个个人问题是超越社会平均水平之上的。<br />
<br />
No individual problem is above the average level of society.<br />
<br />
他的个人命运和祖国的命运是完全一致的。<br />
<br />
His personal fate is completely consistent with that of his motherland.<br />
<br />
1957年以前国家是发展的,他个人是顺利的。1957年国家受损失,他个人受挫折。1962年国家开始恢复元气,他摘掉了“右派”帽子。1965年国家兴旺了,他参加了先进技术传播队,能力得到发挥了。十年浩劫,他十年监狱。现在他落实政策不那么顺利,因为国家头绪纷繁、问题严重。<br />
<br />
Before 1957, the country was developing, and everything went smoothly for him. In 1957, the country suffered losses and he suffered personal setbacks. In 1962, when the country began to recover, he took off the hat of "rightist". In 1965, when the country flourished, he joined the advanced technology communication team and brought his ability into full play. During ten years of Cultural Revolution, he spent ten years in prison. At present, his implementation of policies was not so smooth, because the country had too many things to attend to and had serious problems.<br />
<br />
“国家、社会解放的程度,就是我自己解放的程度。只有解放全人类才能解放自己,这对我不是一种思想,而是一种不可逃避的命运。”<br />
<br />
"The degree of national and social liberation is the degree of my own liberation. Only when all mankind are liberated, can I liberate myself. This is not an idea for me, but an inescapable fate."<br />
<br />
这就如同他说的,我们搞社会主义不是因为社会主义优越,而是因为这是一种规律。优越是指方案而言的——哪ー种方案优越。而规律无所谓优越不优越——必须遵循它,早晚得遵循它,不遵循也得遵循!<br />
<br />
As he said, we adopt socialism not because it is superior, but because it is a kind of law. Superiority refers to which scheme is superior. And for the law, it doesn't matter whether it is superior or not—it must be followed, sooner or later, and you have to follow it even if you don’t want to!<br />
<br />
党治国不能说已经获得了彻底的解放,如同我们的生产力也没有从不适合的所有制的束缚下完全解放出来。<br />
<br />
It cannot be said that Dang has been completely liberated, just as our productive forces have not been completely liberated under the shackles of unsuitable ownership.<br />
<br />
“我们固有的体制适合搞政治运动,不适合经济发展。”党治国简直成了一个理论狂人。一开口就是体制、所有制,再不就是说:“你对这个问题怎么看?”<br />
<br />
"Our inherent system is suitable for political movement and not for economic development." Dang Zhiguo has become a theory fanatic. When he spoke, he talked about system and ownership, or said: "What do you think of this problem?"<br />
<br />
党治国咄咄逼人地、愣头愣脑地要人回答这些他整日思考的而别人未必感兴趣的,他以为是最重要的而别人认为是八竿子打不着的,他醉心的而别人无心的, 他津津乐道的而别人无动于衷的问题。<br />
<br />
Aggressively and recklessly, Dang required people to answer some questions that he thought all day long but others may not be interested in, that he thought were the most important but others thought that they were none of their business, that he was obsessed with but others were careless, that he relished but others were indifferent.<br />
<br />
他慷慨陈词,满脸涨红。别人应付他:“唉唉,是呵是呵,啧啧!”再不就是把别人吓得怯怯的,一下子从大人变成了站起来回答老师问题的小学生,讷讷地:“我觉得么……”<br />
<br />
He presented his view vehemently and his face turned red. Others phoned it in: "Alas, yes, oh!" Or he would scare others, and others suddenly change from an adult to an inarticulate primary school student who stands up and answers the teacher's questions. "Well, I think..."<br />
<br />
他满脑门的政治和经济,满脑门的规律和所有制。但别人是凡人,需要了解一些趣闻,一些轶事,一些消息,一些共同感兴趣的现实问题,需要吃喝拉撒睡。<br />
<br />
His mind was full of politics and economy, law and ownership. But others are normal people, and they need to know some interesting stories, anecdotes, news and practical problems of common interest, and they need to eat, drink and sleep.<br />
<br />
而他似乎只需要吃着政治,睡在经济上。他要和他周围一切的人探讨政治经济。他会吸引一些人,也会吓走一些人。<br />
<br />
It seemed that he only needed to eat politics and sleep on economy. He wanted to discuss politics and economy with everyone around him. He would attract some people, but would also scare away some people.<br />
<br />
他的见地每每是独到的,但他过于急切地阐述他的观点,乃至近乎要强加于人。对于“经济”,他的发问更是近乎发难。<br />
<br />
His insights were often original, but he was so eager to expound his views that he almost imposed them on others. As for "economy", his question was almost blame.<br />
<br />
他和一般人不一样,他是有些不一般;他和正常人不一样,他可不是不正常。<br />
<br />
He was different from ordinary people, and he was somewhat unusual; He was different from normal people, but he is sane.<br />
<br />
他关心的正是大众的利益,但是大众未必接受他的关心。<br />
<br />
What he cared about was the interests of the public, but the public may not accept his concern.<br />
<br />
他希望大家都能透过现象关心本质,但是大家往往喜欢谈论现象,而无心顾及本质。谈论现象是一种情绪发泄的需要,顾及本质却需要苦苦地开动大脑。<br />
<br />
He hoped that everyone can care about the essence through the phenomenon, but people often like to talk about the phenomenon, and they don't care about the essence. Talking about phenomena is a need to vent emotions, but taking into account the essence requires thinking hard.<br />
<br />
他不是那种可以用计算机程序计算出来的人。他欠稳妥,欠含蓄,但他“虽有小偏,终有大成”。任何社会变革首先要找到实现变革的社会力量。要打土豪分田地找到了贫农,要打倒老革命找到了红卫兵。今天的改革如小平同志所说是第二次革命,我们需要透辟的经济理论家。<br />
<br />
He is not the kind of person who can be calculated by computer program. He is not that reliable and subtle, but he "will have a big success although he has small shortcomings". Any social change must first find the social forces to realize the change. To fight against landlords, divide fields, we found poor farmers. To defeat the old revolution, we found Red Guards. Today's reform, as Comrade Xiaoping said, is the second revolution, and we need economic theorists with insights.<br />
<br />
我找到了党治国。不过不是我找他,是他先写信给我,打动了我。我采访受苦受难的人的时候,容易掉泪。但不知为什么,采访这个经济状况一团糟的经济理论家的时候,我一滴泪都没有。是他不需要别人同情,还是和他在一起的人都会变得只剩下粗线条了?<br />
<br />
I found Dang Zhiguo. But I didn't look for him, but he wrote to me first and touched me. When I interview people in difficulty, I tend to cry. But somehow, when I interviewed this economic theorist who was in a bad economic situation, I didn't shed a tear. Is it because he doesn't need sympathy from others, or will people who are with him not pay attention to trifles?<br />
<br />
“我不是一个受苦受难的科技人员!不是要人同情的人!”他冲着我大喊,“我是个好汉!是个男子汉!是有思想的!尤其有经济思想!”<br />
<br />
"I am not a scientific and technical personnel in difficulty! I am not a person who needs sympathy!" He shouted at me, "I am a hero! I am a man! I am thoughtful! I especially have economic thinking!"<br />
<br />
思想使党治国永远处于躁动不安的状态中,有时他为了理想忘却了现实,有时现实又催促他去追求理想。前不久他又写完一篇专门探讨所有制的论文:《社会主义所有制关系的发展》。文章观点大胆、新颖、独到。他提出的观点未必就尽善尽美、无懈可击,但是,即使其中包含一些真理的萌芽或片面的真理,也可以活跃我们的思维。“双百”方针实施三十多年了,一个宽松的、发展人们思维成果的环境正在形成。党治国的经济理论的产生和他这个理论狂人的出现,不是偶然的。人为的呼唤和扼杀,不过加速或延缓产生的时间。<br />
<br />
Thought makes Dang in a restless state forever. Sometimes he forgets reality for his ideal, and sometimes reality urges him to pursue his ideal. Not long ago, he finished a paper focusing on ownership: "The Development of Socialist Ownership Relations". The viewpoint of the article is bold, novel and original. His views may not be perfect and impeccable, but even if it contains the beginning of truths or one-sided truths, it can still activate our thinking. The Hundred Flowers Campaign had been implemented for more than 30 years, so a relaxing environment for developing people's thinking achievements was taking shape. The emergence of Dang’s economic theories and him as a theoretical madman are not accidental. Calling and strangling by human beings only speed up or delay the emergence time.<br />
<br />
能不能搞一个共产主义特区?他想。在强大的习惯势力面前,不能都搞先破后立,需要先立后破。只有实践自己的经济理论,把理论立起来,形成强烈对比,才可以春风至而冰雪消。<br />
<br />
Can we set up a communist special zone? He thought. In the face of strong habits, we can't break all fixed modes first and create new ones, but we need to do the opposite. Only by practicing our own economic theory to form a strong contrast can the spring breeze come and the ice and snow disappear.<br />
<br />
他是不是还带有空想的色彩?那么,马克思同志,请允许我提一个问题,您看20世纪80年代中国的改革怎么搞?<br />
<br />
Does he still have the color of fantasy? Then, Comrade Marx, please allow me to ask a question. What do you think of China's reform in 1980s?<br />
<br />
马克思会说,提出这个问题的本身就是错误的。<br />
<br />
Marx would say that it is wrong to ask this question.<br />
<br />
中国的经济体制改革,要靠中国人自己来探索。改革催促着经济理论的发展, 呼唤着经济理论家。<br />
<br />
China's economic system reform depends on the Chinese themselves to explore. Reform urges the development of economic theories and calls for economic theorists.<br />
<br />
终于,《文汇报》上出现了一个醒目的标题:《我们能否贡献一个伟大的经济学家》?文中写道,这个问题对于当代中国“比‘我们能否贡献一个爱因斯坦’或‘能否贡献一个伟大的哲学家和文学家’更为紧迫”。文章又写道:“中国经济体制全面改革的浪潮当是产生伟大经济学家的时代和国度。恰当的时间和地点正呼唤恰当的人。”<br />
<br />
Finally, a striking headline appeared in Wenhui Daily: "Can we contribute a great economist"? The article said that this problem was "more urgent for contemporary China than 'Can we contribute an Einstein' or 'Can we contribute a great philosopher and writer'?" The article added: "The wave of comprehensive reform of China's economic system should be the era and country that produced great economists. The right time and place are calling for the right people."<br />
<br />
“伊索寓言”中有一个说大话的人,吹嘘自己曾经在罗陀斯岛跳得很远。马克思在《路易・波拿巴的五月十八日》一文中引用了这个故事,他说生活本身会大声喊道:(原作名为雾月十八日，而非五月)<br />
<br />
In ''Aesop's Fables'', there was a person blowing his own horn said that he once jumped far on Rhodus Island. Marx quoted this story in the article ''The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte''. He said that life itself would shout:<br />
<br />
这里就是罗陀斯,就在这里跳跃吧！<br />
<br />
Hic Rhodus, hic salta! <br />
<br />
这里就有玫瑰花,就在这里跳舞吧！<br />
<br />
Here is the rose, here dance! <br />
<br />
（原载《人民文学》1986年第7期）<br />
<br />
(Originally published in People's Literature, Issue 7, 1986)</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_02&diff=155944Report CN EN 022023-06-17T15:05:20Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：4.船长 Volume1: 4.Master */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Liao Lujia=<br />
==卷一：4.船长 Volume1: 4.Master==<br />
<br />
Master,直译是船长或主人。那么,对他,贝汉廷,怎样译更确切呢?<br />
<br />
Master is literally translated as 船长 or 主人. However, how can we translate it more accurately for him, Bei Hanting?<br />
<br />
Master is literally translated as 船长 or 主人. However, how can we translate it more accurately for him, Bei Hanting?<br />
<br />
我站在“汉川号”的驾驶台甲板上凭栏远眺,深深地思索着。海风迎面扑来, 新鲜而又湿润。远处,是神秘莫测的大海;近处,海鸥在我的脚下飞翔……<br />
<br />
I stand on the bridge deck of the Hanchuan and look out from the fence, thinking deeply. The sea breeze comes head-on, fresh and moist. In the distance, it is the mysterious sea; nearby, seagulls fly under my feet...<br />
<br />
I stand on the navigation deck of the Hanchuan and look out from the fence, thinking deeply. The sea breeze comes head-on, fresh and moist. In the distance, it is the mysterious sea; nearby, seagulls fly under my feet...<br />
<br />
刚才,在和海员们的谈话中,有什么搅动了我的心,为了掩饰我的泪水,我才离开船舱。但现在,在这蓝天与大海之间,我仍然不能平静,思绪的波涛追逐着海水,去得很远很远……（I change 冈才 with 刚才）<br />
<br />
Just now, in the conversation with the seafarers, something stirred my heart. I leave the cabin in order to hide my tears. But now, between the blue sky and the sea, I still can't calm down. The waves of thoughts chase the sea and go far away…<br />
<br />
Just now, in the conversation with the seafarers, something stirred my heart. I leave the cabin in order to hide my tears. But now, between the blue sky and the sea, I still can't calm down. The waves of thoughts chase the sea and go far away…<br />
<br />
不知怎么,我ー下子离开主题,忽然想起二十多年前我给小读者写的一首诗, 告诉他们什么叫作海员。<br />
<br />
Somehow, I digress from the subject and suddenly remember a poem I wrote to young readers more than 20 years ago, telling them what a seaman was.<br />
<br />
Somehow, I digress from the subject and suddenly remember a poem I wrote to young readers more than 20 years ago, telling them what a seaman was.<br />
<br />
我不禁噙泪而笑了。那时我是那样年轻,在生活的海洋里几乎未经沉浮,我懂得海员吗?那时的小读者今天应该也是三十多岁的人了,他们怕也有自己的孩子了。经历过十多年的狂飙巨浪,他们还像儿时那样天真地向往海洋吗?天真,也许 是消失了,但向往——还应该向往。那么,就让我再给他们讲一个海员的故事吧!（I change 嚙 with 噙）<br />
<br />
I couldn't help laughing with tears. At that time, I was so young and hardly experienced ups and downs in the ocean of life. Did I know seafarers? The young readers at that time should be in their thirties today, and I guess they have had their own children. After experiencing more than ten years of surging waves, do they still yearn for the ocean as naively as they did when they were children? Innocence may have disappeared, but yearning should still exist. Then, let me tell them another story about a seaman!<br />
<br />
I couldn't help laughing with tears. At that time, I was so young and hardly experienced ups and downs in the ocean of life. Did I know seafarers? The young readers at that time should be in their thirties today, and they may have their own children. After experiencing more than ten years of surging waves, do they still yearn for the ocean as naively as they did when they were children? Innocence may have disappeared, but yearning should still exist. Then, let me tell them another story about a seaman!<br />
<br />
讲ー个海员,ー个水手,ー个船长,ー个master的真实的故事吧……<br />
<br />
I will tell a true story of a seaman, a sailor, a captain and a master...<br />
<br />
I will tell a true story of a seaman, a sailor, a captain and a master...<br />
<br />
汉堡港的变奏<br />
<br />
Variations on the Port of Hamburg<br />
<br />
Variations on the Port of Hamburg<br />
<br />
汉堡港是美丽的。岸上,一幢幢红色和黄色的建筑物;港口,碧蓝的海水翻卷着银白的浪花……<br />
<br />
Port of Hamburg was beautiful. On the shore, red and yellow buildings could be seen. In the port, the turquoise sea water rolled over the white waves...<br />
<br />
The Port of Hamburg was beautiful. On the shore, there were red and yellow buildings. In the port, the turquoise sea water rolled over the white waves...<br />
<br />
汉堡港是忙碌的。每天来来往往,穿梭着各国的船舶,码头上吊杆起落……但工人的脚步是稳重的,德国人原是出名的有秩序。ー百多年来,汉堡港早就形成了 自己的节奏ーー有条不紊,按部就班,寓丰富于单纯,多变化而又精密……就像成熟的乐队演奏熟悉的乐曲。<br />
<br />
The Port of Hamburg was busy. In it were ships shuttling from all over the world, and the suspenders on the docks rising and falling... But the workers' footsteps are steady, because the Germans were famous for their order. For more than 100 years, Port of Hamburg has formed its own rhythm in an orderly manner, which was content-rich but simple, varied but precise… Just like a mature band playing familiar music.<br />
<br />
The Port of Hamburg was busy. Ships shuttled from here to other countries, and the suspenders on the docks rose and fell... But the workers' footsteps were steady, because the Germans were famous for their order. For more than 100 years, the Port of Hamburg had formed its own rhythm in an orderly manner, which was content-rich but simple, varied but precise… Just like a mature band playing familiar music.<br />
<br />
但,有一次,汉堡港竟改变了它正常的节奏:港口、码头、装卸公司、服务公司频 繁来往,电话不断;货主、代理、大小工头、理货组长和工人们都激动不已,甚至连正 好停泊在港口、有尊严而又自信的十几个老船长也打破常规,开了一条小艇,集体下海去了。<br />
<br />
However, on one occasion, Port of Hamburg changed its normal rhythm: ports, docks, loading and unloading companies and service companies frequently came and went, and telephone calls continued; shippers, agents, foremen, chief tallymen and workmen were so excited that even a dozen dignified and confident old masters, who happened to moor their ships in the port, broke the routine and sailed a small boat and went to the sea.<br />
<br />
However, on one occasion, the Port of Hamburg changed its normal rhythm: ports, docks, loading and unloading companies and service companies frequently came and went, and the telephone call was ceaseless; shippers, agents, foremen, chief tallymen and workmen were so excited and even a dozen dignified and confident old masters, who happened to moor their ships in the port, broke the routine and sailed a small boat and went to the sea.<br />
<br />
是什么引起了这骚动呢?台风吗?惊涛骇浪吗?都不是。一百多年的港口了,任何风浪都改变不了它的节奏。<br />
<br />
What caused the commotion? Typhoon? The stormy waves? Neither. A port with more than 100-year history was not susceptible to any wind or waves.<br />
<br />
What caused the commotion? Typhoon? Stormy waves? Neither. A port with more than 100-year history was not susceptible to any wind or waves.<br />
<br />
使得汉堡港变奏的,说也奇怪,是一条船,就是中国远洋公司上海分公司的这艘远洋货轮——“汉川号”。<br />
<br />
What made it change, strange to say, was a ship. That was the ocean-going freighter Hanchuan belonging to Shanghai Branch of China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company.<br />
<br />
What made it change, strange to say, was a ship. That was the ocean-going freighter "Hanchuan" belonging to Shanghai Branch of China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company.<br />
<br />
码头上人头攒动,指指点点,“汉川”“汉川”之声不绝。有的人还特地带了老婆孩子来参观,说是让他们见见世面。明媚的阳光,彩色的裙衫,童声稚气的欢笑, 一下子使得汉堡港这支一百多年的古曲,焕发出青春的明丽,奏出了奇异而动人的旋律。<br />
<br />
The dock was jam-packed with people, who were pointing and shouting "Hanchuan" endlessly. Some people even brought their wives and children to see the elephant. Bright sunshine, colorful skirts and childish laughter suddenly made Port of Hamburg, an ancient song for more than 100 years, glow with youthful beauty and play a bizarre and moving melody.<br />
<br />
The dock was jam-packed with people, who were pointing and shouting "Hanchuan" endlessly. Some people even brought their wives and children to see the elephant. Bright sunshine, colorful skirts and childish laughter suddenly made the Port of Hamburg, an ancient song with the history of more than a hundred years, glow with youthful beauty and play a bizarre and moving melody.<br />
<br />
这是1978年4月的一个星期天。<br />
<br />
It was a Sunday in April 1978.<br />
<br />
It was a Sunday in April 1978.<br />
<br />
故事却要从3月说起……<br />
<br />
But the story begins in March...<br />
<br />
But the story began in March...<br />
<br />
3月21日,“汉川号”在驶欧途中接到公司电报,返航时在汉堡港装运天津化纤厂成套设备,国内急用!<br />
<br />
On March 21st, the Hanchuan received a telegram from its company on its way to Europe, and it was asked to ship complete sets of equipment for Tianjin Chemical Fiber Factory in Port of Hamburg when returning home, because it was urgently needed in China!<br />
<br />
On March 21st, the Hanchuan received a telegram from its company on its way to Europe, and it was asked to ship a complete set of equipment for Tianjin Chemical Fiber Factory in the Port of Hamburg when it returned, because the equipment was urgently needed in China!<br />
<br />
但抵港之后,港口却给安排了一些杂货。原来代理认为中国船根本运不了这套设备,因为这套设备极不规则,很多都是超长、超高、超重件,且又贵重,其中任何 ー个部件有任何一点损坏或漏运,都会误工误时,造成严重损失。何况按照惯例, 港口从来都把贵重的成套设备交给他们认为工效最高的德国船运。当然,这些话并未直说,说的是:“这套设备任何一条船也装不下,‘汉川号’尽可以运别的货嘛。”<br />
<br />
But after arriving in the port, they were arranged some groceries. Originally, the agent thought that Chinese ships could not transport this set of equipment at all, because it was extremely irregular, and many of them were super-long, super-high, overweight and expensive. Any damage or missed shipment of any parts would cause serious losses. Besides, by convention, ports always hand over valuable complete sets of equipment to German ships that they think are the most efficient. Of course, agents did not say that directly, but said: "This set of equipment can't be put in any ship. Why doesn’t Hanchuan transport other goods?"<br />
<br />
But after arriving at the port, it was arranged some groceries. It turned out that the agent thought that the Chinese ship could not transport this set of equipment at all, because it was extremely irregular, and many of them were super-long, super-high, overweight and expensive. Any damage or missed shipment of any parts would delay the work and waste time, causing serious losses. Besides, by convention, ports always hand over valuable complete sets of equipment to German ships they think are the most efficient. Of course, the agent did not say that directly, but said: "Any ship is too small to hold this set of equipment. The Hanchuan can transport other goods."<br />
<br />
但是,以贝汉廷为首的“汉川号”还认准了非装这批货不可!理由嘛:一是国内急需;二是成套设备运输费高;三是你外国人能做的,我们中国人就也能做,凭什么小看人！当然,这话也没直说,说的是：“谢谢你们的好意,但是我们可以一船装走。我们行!”<br />
<br />
However, the Hanchuan headed by Bei Hanting held that this batch of goods must be loaded! Reasons are as follows: First, it is urgently needed in China; Second, the transportation cost of complete sets of equipment is high; Third, what you foreigners can do, we Chinese can also do, so why underestimate people! Of course, these words were not spitted out. They were: Thank you for your kindness, but we can load it in one boat. We can do it!"<br />
<br />
However, the Hanchuan headed by Bei Hanting insisted that it must load this batch of goods! Reasons were as follows: First, it is urgently needed in China; Second, the transportation cost of a complete set of equipment is high; Third, what you foreigners can do, we Chinese can also do, so why underestimate us! Of course, these words were not spitted out. They said: "Thank you for your kindness, but we can load it in one ship. We can do it!"<br />
<br />
行不行,这可不像国内搞大批判、揪“走资派”那么容易。只要戴上袖章,抢过话筒,哇里哇啦喊一通,谁帽子大、上纲高,谁就胜利。这可是国际港口,面对的都是专家,ー张嘴就知道你有多少斤两,空话、大话引来的只有讪笑。何况这是航海, 是科学,大海可不是被剥夺了一切权利的“走资派”,大海是要发言的,稍有一点儿 不实事求是,不科学,它就要惩罚你！就会让你船覆货沉,葬身鱼腹。因此,这个“行”字可是一字千金,开不得半点儿玩笑！<br />
<br />
It was not as easy as criticizing others massively and finding capitalist roaders in China. As long as you put on your armband, grab the microphone, shout loudly, have great power and regard the problem as class conflicts, you will win. However, this was an international port, and all of them faced experts. They would know your ability when you said something. Empty talk and big talk only attracted laughter. Besides, this was about navigation and science. The sea was not a capitalist roader deprived of all rights. The sea wanted to speak. If you didn’t think of the real situation and science, it will punish you! It will make your ship sink and the goods fall in the belly of a fish. Therefore, the sentence "We can do it" was full of pearls of wisdom, which couldn’t be a joke!<br />
<br />
It was not as easy as criticizing others massively and uncovering capitalist roaders in China. As long as you put on your armband, grab the microphone, shout loudly, have great power and regard the problems as class conflicts, you will win. However, this was an international port, and what they faced were all experts. They would know your ability when you said something. Empty talk and big talk only attracted laughter. Besides, this was about navigation and science. The sea was not a capitalist roader deprived of all rights. The sea would speak. If you didn’t think of the real situation and science, it would punish you! It would make your ship sink and the goods fall into the belly of fish. Therefore, the sentence "We can do it" was full of pearls of wisdom, and there was no joking about it!<br />
<br />
贝汉廷是有名的老船长了,他坚持说“行”,外国人也不得不掂量掂量,于是ー 伸手说:“拿来！”“什么？”“配载图。”贝汉廷微笑着摊开了图纸。行家搭眼一看就愣住了,不由得脱口说了一个“好”！<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was a famous old master. He insisted on saying "yes", and foreigners had to ponder it, so they reached out and said, "Give me!", "What?" "Cargo plan." Bei Hanting smiled and spread out the drawing. The experts were stunned when they looked at it, and couldn't help blurting out "good"!<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was a famous old master. He insisted on saying "can", and foreigners had to ponder it, so they reached out and said, "Give me!" "What?" "Cargo plan." Bei Hanting spread out the drawing with a smile. The experts were stunned when they looked at it, and couldn't help blurting out "good"!<br />
<br />
这是一幅何等详尽的配载图啊!图上布满了密密麻麻的图形和数字,成千上万个部件,不仅各有各的装载部位,而且件件有尺码,有重量,有体积,件件有标号。<br />
<br />
What a detailed cargo plan this was! The drawing was full of figures and numbers, and thousands of parts. It not only had their own loading parts, but also had sizes, weights, volumes and labels.<br />
<br />
What a detailed cargo plan it was! The drawing was full of figures and numbers. Thousands of parts not only had their own loading positions, but also all had sizes, weights, volumes and labels.<br />
<br />
可怎么有几件甲板货高出了船舱,伸出了船舷?这可是不安全的吧?……<br />
<br />
But how can several deck cargo be higher than the cabin and extend out of the port and starboard? This was not safe, was it?<br />
<br />
But how can several deck cargos be higher than the cabin and extend out of the ship's rail? It was not safe, was it? ...<br />
<br />
谁知贝汉廷笑嘻嘻地说出了到达、离港及航行中最佳、最差稳心的全部计算数据,同时还分析了4月的沿途气候:英吉利海峡怎样,直布罗陀海峡如何;比斯开湾及北大西洋的冬季风暴已过,地中海也如此;印度洋虽长期平均六七级风,但此刻 西南季风盛行的季节还未开始……沿途均属无风暴间隙,正是一年里航海的黄金季节。当然,也可能出现最坏情况,那就是印度洋阿拉伯海南部东经60度以东提前开始西南季风,可能出现八九级大风,那也没关系,我们可以采取改变航向、变更 航速、减轻正面迎风及开慢车等ー系列技术措施嘛!<br />
<br />
It was surprised that Bei Hanting smiled and said all the calculation data of the best and worst metacenter in arrival, departure and navigation, and also analyzed the climate along the way in April: what is the English Channel and the Strait of Gibraltar; Winter storms have passed in the Bay of Biscay and the North Atlantic, as have the Mediterranean; Although the Indian Ocean has a long-term average of strong breeze and near gale, the season when the southwest monsoon prevails has not yet started... There is no storm gap along the way, which is the golden season of sailing in a year. Of course, the worst case may occur, that is, the southwest monsoon starts ahead of schedule to the east of 60 degrees east longitude in the southern Arabian Sea of the Indian Ocean, and there may be fresh gale or strong gale. It doesn't matter. We can take a series of technical measures such as changing course and speed, reducing frontal windward and sailing slowly!<br />
<br />
It was surprised that Bei Hanting smiled and said all the calculation data of the best and worst metacenter in arrival, departure and navigation, and also analyzed the climate along the route in April: how is the English Channel and the Strait of Gibraltar; Winter storms have passed in the Bay of Biscay and the North Atlantic, as has the Mediterranean; Although the Indian Ocean has a long-term average of strong breeze or near gale, the season when the southwest monsoon prevails has not yet started... There is no storm gap along the route, which is the golden season of sailing in a year. Of course, the worst case may occur, that was, the southwest monsoon starts ahead of schedule to the east of 60 degrees east longitude in the southern Arabian Sea of the Indian Ocean, and there may be fresh gale or strong gale. It doesn't matter. We can take a series of technical measures such as changing course and speed, reducing frontal windward and sailing slowly!<br />
<br />
好一个贝汉廷!这哪里是什么配载图及其注释,简直是一份科学报告!德国 人不由得伸出手拍着贝汉廷的肩说:“祝贺你有个好大副。”贝汉廷彬彬有礼地躬 了一下身说:“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
What a knowledgeable man! This was not a cargo plan and its annotations, but a scientific report! The German couldn't help reaching out and patting Bei Hanting on the shoulder and saying, "Congratulations on having a good chief officer." Bei Hanting bowed politely and said, "Thank you."<br />
<br />
What a knowledgeable man! This was not a cargo plan and its annotations, but a scientific report! The German couldn't help reaching out and patting Bei Hanting on the shoulder and saying, "Congratulations on having a good chief officer." Bei Hanting bowed politely and said, "Thank you."<br />
<br />
德国人哪里想得到,这张配载图早已超出了大副的业务范围,它是船长、政委、大副和所有技术力量27个不眠之夜的结晶。是他们,利用卸货期每天拿着尺子跑 码头,将货物一件件量了过来,并根据船舱甲板所有部位的不同形状、结构及负荷, 经过反复的核算和排列,求出了这种最合理的配载方案。<br />
<br />
The Germans can’t figure out that this cargo plan has long been beyond the business scope of the chief officer. It is the fruit of 27 sleepless nights of master, the secretary of the commissar, chief officer and all technical forces. It was they who ran to the dock with a ruler every day during the unloading period, measured the goods one by one, and worked out the most reasonable stowage scheme after repeated accounting and arrangement according to the different shapes, structures and loads of all parts of the cabin deck.<br />
<br />
The Germans couldn't figure out that this cargo plan had long been beyond the business scope of the chief officer. It was the fruit of 27 sleepless nights of the master, the secretary of the commissar, the chief officer and all technical forces. It was they who ran to the dock with a ruler every day during the unloading period, measured the goods one by one, and worked out the most reasonable stowage scheme after they repeated accounting and arrangement according to the different shapes, structures and loads of all parts of the cabin deck.<br />
<br />
那些日子里,全船像要参加国际棋赛ー样,把货舱、甲板的布置图纸（1：100）贴在木板上,把货物按比例缩小做成硬纸模型,反复组合,这盘特殊的“棋”足足对弈了几百次…… <br />
<br />
In those days, workers in the whole ship seemed to participate in the international chess game. They pasted the layout drawings of the cargo hold and deck (1: 100) on the wooden board, and the cargo was scaled down to make a cardboard model, which was repeatedly combined. This special chess was played hundreds of times...<br />
<br />
In those days, workers on the whole ship seemed to participate in the international chess game. They pasted the layout drawings of the hold and deck (1: 100) on the wooden board, and the cargos were scaled down to a cardboard model, which was repeatedly combined. This special chess was played hundreds of times...<br />
<br />
代理不知道,但他被科学说服了,于是开始装货。<br />
<br />
The agent didn't know, but he was persuaded by science, so he started loading up.<br />
<br />
The agent didn't know it, but he was persuaded by the science, so he started loading up.<br />
<br />
一号工头吉亚特是个有几十年工龄的行家里手,两撇小胡子,矮小而精明,极有本事又看不起中国人。“汉川号”的大副根本指挥不动他。<br />
<br />
Gyatt, a lead foreman, was an expert with decades of length of service. He was short and shrewd, with a moustache on his face, and despised Chinese people. The chief officer of Hanchuan couldn't command him at all.<br />
<br />
Gyatt, a lead foreman, was an expert with decades of length of service. He was short and shrewd, with a moustache on his face, and was very capable but despised Chinese people. The chief officer of "Hanchuan" couldn't command him at all.<br />
<br />
在装第三舱时,吉亚特自作主张将其中两个大件不按配载图装。贝汉廷接到 报告后匆匆赶到现场与他理论时,エ头满不在乎地拍着胸脯说:“我有把握!”<br />
<br />
When loading the third cabin, Gyatt took the initiative to load two large pieces without following the cargo plan. When Bei Hanting hurried to the scene to argue with him after receiving the report, he patted his chest carelessly and said, "I am sure!"<br />
<br />
When loading the third cabin, Gyatt took the initiative to load two large pieces without following the cargo plan. When Bei Hanting hurried to the scene to argue with him after receiving the report, the foreman patted his chest carelessly and said, "I am sure!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷再三劝阻他:“这样你会被动的。”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting repeatedly dissuaded him: "Then you will be in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting repeatedly dissuaded him: "Then you will be in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
吉亚特翘着小胡子说:“我从来没有被动过。”<br />
<br />
Gyatt said with his moustache cocking, "I have never been in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
Gyatt said with his moustache cocking, "I have never been in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
“如果最后装不下,由你重装,误エ误期一切损失由你负责。”<br />
<br />
"If it can't be installed in the end, you will reload them, and you will be responsible for all the losses caused by the delay."<br />
<br />
"If it can't be put in the ship in the end, you will reload them, and you will be responsible for all the losses caused by the delay."<br />
<br />
“那是自然。”吉亚特说。<br />
<br />
"Of course." Gyatt said.<br />
<br />
"Of course." Gyatt said.<br />
<br />
一天过去了,两天过去了,第三天吉亚特满头大汗地来找贝汉廷:果然,ー个 16米的大件放不下去了,硬放下去也关不上舱盖,而不关舱盖是不能启航的,何况舱盖上早已计划好了配载别的货物呢！贝汉廷早已有话在先,这一下,骄傲的工头可卡了壳啦!支部动员了全船的技术力量,重新修正部分配载,在中德两国工人的 共同努力下,最后把一个大件的包装木箱锯掉了一个角,用四个铲车斜着铲了进去,稳稳当当地盖上了舱盖。在场的工人都拍手称好,大叫“精彩”。小胡子吉亚特摊开双手,耸了耸肩说：“太奇妙了 !这些货简直是按你们船舱的尺码定做的!”从此他客气得不得了,工人装货尺寸稍有出入,他立即纠正说：“不,不,请按配载图!”<br />
<br />
One day passed. Two days passed. And on the third day, Gyatt, sweating profusely, came to Bei Hanting. Without doubt, a 16-meter-long piece could not be put down, and the hatch cover could not be closed if it was put down forcefully, and it was impossible to set sail without closing the hatch cover, not to mention that other goods had already been planned on the hatch cover! Bei Hanting had already said something first, so the proud foreman was in a dilemma! The branch mobilized the technical force of the whole ship and revised part of the stowage. With the joint efforts of Chinese and German workers, it finally sawed off a corner of a large packing wooden box, shoveled it in obliquely with four forklifts, and covered the hatch cover firmly. All the workers on the scene clapped their hands and shouted "wonderful". Moustache Gyatt spread out his hands, shrugged his shoulders and said, "It's fantastic! These goods are simply customized according to the size of your cabin!" From then on, he was extremely polite, and when the loading conducted by workers was different, he immediately corrected and said, "No, no, please load according to the cargo plan!"<br />
<br />
One day passed, two days passed, and on the third day, Gyatt, sweating profusely, came to Bei Hanting. Without doubt, a 16-meter-long piece could not be put down, and the hatch cover could not be closed if it was put down forcefully, and it was impossible to set sail without closing the hatch cover, not to mention that other goods had already been planned on the hatch cover! Bei Hanting had already said something first, so the proud foreman was in a dilemma! The branch mobilized the technical force of the whole ship and revised parts of the stowage. With the joint efforts of Chinese and German workers, a corner of a large packing wooden box was finally sawed off, shoveled in obliquely with four forklifts, and the hatch cover was firmly covered. All the workers on the scene clapped their hands and shouted "wonderful". Moustache Gyatt spread out his hands, shrugged his shoulders and said, "It's fantastic! These goods are simply customized according to the size of your cabin!" From then on, he was extremely polite, and when the loading conducted by workers was different, he immediately corrected and said, "No, no, please load according to the cargo plan!"<br />
<br />
货装妥了。代理等人纷纷上船祝贺,一致说：“像这样的货,我们德国有经验的 老水手也绑不好,何况贵船海员多是新手。这么娇贵的货,弄坏一件可不得了哇!这船货,你们公司发财了,光运费就200多万外汇。花几个绑扎费也值得。”<br />
<br />
After the goods had been loaded, agents and others boarded the ship to congratulate one after another, and unanimously said, "We experienced old sailors in Germany can't tie goods like this, not to mention that most sailors on your ship are novices. It's terrible to break one of such delicate goods! With this cargo, your company has made a fortune, and the freight alone is more than 2 million foreign exchanges. It is worthwhile to spend more binding fees."<br />
<br />
After the goods had been loaded, agents and others boarded the ship to congratulate one after another, and unanimously said, "Our experienced old sailors in Germany can't tie goods like this, not to mention that most sailors on your ship are novices. It's terrible to break one of such delicate goods! With this cargo, your company has made a fortune, and the freight alone is more than 2 million foreign exchanges. It is worthwhile to spend the binding fees."<br />
<br />
但是,“汉川号”仍然决定自己来绑扎:一是自己绑的货心中有数,便于途中检查;二是我国远洋事业在飞速发展,正好借此锤炼海员;三呢,绑扎费用要好几万马克,船员们舍不得。于是ー场绑扎大战开始了。<br />
<br />
However, workers in the Hanchuan still decided to bind themselves. First, the goods tied by themselves are familiar for them, which is convenient for inspection on the way; Second, China's ocean-going industry is developing rapidly, so it’s a good chance for seafarers; Third, the binding fees is tens of thousands DM, and the crew are short of cash. So a binding war began.<br />
<br />
However, workers in the "Hanchuan" still decided to bind themselves. First, the goods tied by themselves are familiar for them, which is convenient for inspection on the way; Second, China's ocean-going industry is developing rapidly, so it’s a good chance for seafarers; Third, the binding fees is tens of thousands DM, and the crew are short of cash. So a binding war began.<br />
<br />
有的同志背拉着50多米的钢丝绳爬上了6米高的圆锅炉;有的钻到货物下面仰身安装克莱姆;有的在装得满满的、侧身难行的货物间来回运送绑扎材料;有的用墨线一一记下货物位置,以便在风浪中随时检查有无移位……手勒肿了,不哼一声;人累瘦了,不肯休息;年轻的小泮磕掉了门牙也在所不惜。这一切的一切,都是为了在“四化”的储蓄罐里投下一枚枚外汇!<br />
<br />
Some workers climbed the 6-meter-high round boiler with more than 50 meters of wire rope on their backs; Some squeezed through the goods and installed Clem by laying upon their backs; Some transported binding materials back and forth between full goods that were difficult for people to walk sideways; Some used ink lines to write down the position of the goods so as to check whether there was displacement at any time in the wind and waves... Although their hands were swollen, they didn’t complain ; Although they lost weight because of tiredness, they refused to rest. Young Pan knocked out his front teeth for binding regardless of the cost. All this was to cast foreign exchanges in the piggy bank of the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
Some workers climbed the 6-meter-high round boiler with more than 50 meters of wire rope on their backs; Some squeezed through the goods and installed Clem by laying upon their backs; Some transported binding materials back and forth between full goods that were difficult for people to walk sideways; Some used ink lines to write down the position of the goods so as to check whether there was displacement at any time in the wind and waves... Although their hands were swollen, they didn’t complain; Although they lost weight because of tiredness, they refused to rest. Young Pan knocked out his front teeth for binding regardless of the cost. All of these were to cast foreign exchanges in the piggy bank of the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
绑扎前验货师曾再三威胁说:绑扎不合格绝不发证书。第一天,贝船长陪他检验一遭,共同找出了几处毛病,他摇了摇头,大不以为然。但是,从第二天起,他就再也找不出毛病了。第三天,他竟然未等绑扎完毕就开来了检货证明,并且声称他已不必再到船上来了,因为贝船长的要求比他更严格。他说:“这样的绑法在海上 船摇三四十度也不会出问题,我相信我的眼睛。”<br />
<br />
Before binding, the inspector repeatedly stressed that the certificate would never be issued if the binding was unqualified. On the first day, Master Bei accompanied him to inspect and found out several problems together. He shook his head and disagreed. However, from the next day, he couldn't find anything wrong. On the third day, he sent the inspection certificate before the binding was finished, and claimed that he didn't have to come to the ship again because Captain Bai was more strict. He said: "This binding method will not cause problems even when the ship tilts 30 or 40 degrees at sea. I believe my eyes."<br />
<br />
Before binding, the cargo surveyor repeatedly stressed that the certificate would never be issued if the binding was unqualified. On the first day, Master Bei accompanied him to inspect and found out several problems together. He shook his head and disagreed. However, the next day, he couldn't find anything wrong. On the third day, he sent the inspection certificate before the binding was finished, and claimed that he didn't have to come to the ship again because Captain Bai was more strict. He said: "This binding method will not cause problems even when the ship tilts 30 or 40 degrees on the sea. I believe my eyes."<br />
<br />
“汉川号”就是这样引起了汉堡港的变奏,为我国的海员,为我们的祖国争得了荣誉。<br />
<br />
This is how the Hanchuan caused the variation of the Port of Hamburg, and won honor for our seafarers and our motherland.<br />
<br />
This was how the "Hanchuan" caused the variations of the Port of Hamburg, and won the honor for our seafarers and our motherland.<br />
<br />
于是就来到了 4月的那个明媚的星期天。在妇女和孩子的欢呼声中,那个交通小艇坐得满满的,绕着“汉川号”转,为的是让行家的眼睛记下“汉川号”甲板配 载的各个角度。他们不断地发出赞叹之声,好像着迷的观众围在舞台四周对心爱的艺术家喝彩一样。<br />
<br />
So it came to the bright Sunday in April. Amid the cheers of women and children, the traffic boat was full and turned around the Hanchuan, so that the experts could remember the various angles of the deck stowage of the Hanchuan. They kept making sounds of admiration, as if fascinated audience gathered around the stage to cheer for their beloved artists.<br />
<br />
So it came to the bright Sunday in April. Amid the cheers of women and children, the traffic boat was full and turned around the Hanchuan, so that the experts could remember the various angles of the deck stowage of the Hanchuan. They kept making sounds of admiration, as if fascinated audience gathered around the stage to cheer for their beloved artists.<br />
<br />
而引起如此轰动的“汉川号”船长贝汉廷不但没有频频谢幕,反而连面也没露,他满头大汗地躲在船舱里和政委、大副们ー起商量怎样婉谢一定要上船拍照的报社和电视台的记者。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, the master of the Hanchuan, who caused such a sensation, not only did not show his gratitude frequently, but did not even appear. He hid in the cabin sweating profusely and discussed with the secretary of the commissars and chief officer how to decline the reporters of newspapers and TV stations who must take pictures on board.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, the master of the "Hanchuan", who caused such a sensation, not only did not show his gratitude frequently, but did not even appear. He hid in the cabin sweating profusely and discussed with the secretary of the commissars and chief officers how to decline the reporters of newspapers and TV stations who must take pictures on board.<br />
<br />
“今天想起来,是多么愚蠢啊!拒绝人家给我们免费宣传。”贝汉廷笑着对我说可那会儿,思想就是没解放嘛!当然,后来在我们离港时,他们还是从雷达站上进行了拍照,而且登在报上说:‘这是汉堡港ー百多年没有过的……’”<br />
<br />
"How stupid it is to think of it today! Refuse them to promote us for free." Bei Hanting said to me with a smile, “but at that time, we don’t emancipate the mind! When we left the port later, however, they took photos from the radar station and published them in the newspaper, saying, ‘This is not seen in the Port of Hamburg for more than 100 years...' "<br />
<br />
"How stupid it was to think of it today! Refused them to promote us for free." Bei Hanting said to me with a smile, “but at that time, we didn’t emancipate the mind! When we left the port later, they still took photos from the radar station and published them in the newspaper, saying, ‘This is not seen in the Port of Hamburg for more than 100 years...' "<br />
<br />
他挥挥手,不肯说那些赞美之词,怎么也不肯。<br />
<br />
He waved his hand and refused to say those compliments, not at all.<br />
<br />
He waved his hand and refused to say those compliments, not at all.<br />
<br />
从南市来的孩子<br />
<br />
Children from Nanshi District<br />
<br />
Children from Nanshi District<br />
<br />
人们说:搞远洋航行的人,应该像大海一样渊博,应该既是航海家,又是科学家,还是艺术家……<br />
<br />
People say that those who sail in the ocean should be as knowledgeable as the sea, and should be navigators, scientists and artists...<br />
<br />
People say that those who sail in the ocean should be as knowledgeable as the sea, and should be navigators, scientists and artists...<br />
<br />
在没有见到贝汉廷时,我曾猜测过他的相貌。见了面之后,我觉得他——也像,也不像。像,他确实有点科学家的味道,讲起话来有根有据,像计算机一样精确,又像水银一样灵敏。不像嘛,那么小小的个子,穿着一件破衬衫、一条短裤（据说要一直穿到下雪）,待人彬彬有礼,哪里像个威严的船长呢!<br />
<br />
Before I saw Bei Hanting, I guessed his appearance. After meeting him, I think he is like a scientist, and is not like a scientist. For the former one, he does have the temperament of a scientist. His words hold water and are as accurate as a computer and as sensitive as mercury. For the latter one, he is such a small man, wearing a broken shirt and shorts (which are said to be worn until it snows), and is polite to others, which has no relationship with a master living in dignity!<br />
<br />
Before I saw Bei Hanting, I guessed his appearance. After meeting him, I think he is like a scientist, and is not like a scientist. For the former one, he does have the temperament of the scientist. His words hold water and are as accurate as a computer and as sensitive as mercury. For the latter one, he is such a small man, wearing a broken shirt and shorts (which are said to be worn until it snows), and is polite to others, which has no relationship with a master living in dignity!<br />
<br />
我知道他受过很好的教育,是老交通大学航海系的学生,是我们最早的几艘远洋轮的船长之一,有很丰富的航海知识,能说很流利的英语,但他是怎样,又是为什么走向大海的呢?<br />
<br />
I know that he is highly educated, and a student of the navigation department of the old Shanghai Jiao Tong University, as he is one of the captains of our earliest ocean-going ships. He has rich navigation knowledge and can speak fluent English. But how and why did he go to the sea?<br />
<br />
I know that he is highly educated, a student of the navigation department of the old Shanghai Jiao Tong University, as he was one of the captains of our earliest ocean-going ships. He has rich navigation knowledge and can speak fluent English. But how and why did he go to the sea?<br />
<br />
“我生在上海,从小在南市长大。南市,晓得吗?”<br />
<br />
"I was born in Shanghai and grew up in Nanshi. Do you know it?"<br />
<br />
"I was born in Shanghai and grew up in Nanshi. Do you know Nanshi?"<br />
<br />
南市吗?晓得的。那是共和国成立前上海比较贫困的商业区。小商小贩很多,文化比较落后……随着他的叙述,我想起了那里泥泞的街道,狭窄的店铺,流里流气的白相人,还有衣衫褴褛、面有菜色的黄包车夫和苦力……<br />
<br />
Nanshi? I know. It was a poor business district in Shanghai before the founding of the People’s Republic of China. There were many small business hawkers, and the culture was relatively backward... With his narration, I think of muddy streets, narrow shops, frivolous white people, peaky rickshaw drivers and coolies with rags...<br />
<br />
Nanshi? I know. It was a poor business district in Shanghai before the founding of the People’s Republic of China. There were many small business hawkers, and the culture was relatively backward... With his narration, I think of muddy streets, narrow shops, frivolous white people, peaky rickshaw drivers and coolies with rags...<br />
<br />
“我最小,哥哥姐姐都只上过ー两年小学。后来哥哥做工了,他拼命要让我上学,为这,母亲十分不愿意呢!小学毕业了,在南市就不得了啦,还要上中学!亲戚 朋友都没听说过。可是哥哥坚持,他后来在一个研究院工作,看见过科学家,他认定了科学和文化会给人光明。他一定要让我考中学,而且必须考有名的上海中学。”于是这个从南市来的瘦小而机灵的孩子就这样跨进了中学的大门。上海中学当时是大名鼎鼎的,来上学的多是书香门第和名流的子女。这些孩子学习基础好, 文化素养高。小贝汉廷是多么惊奇地看着有的同学大笔一挥就写出那样优美的作文,老师拿来就在全班朗读。他又是那样羡慕那些数学动不动就拿120分、年年考第一的同学。但是他,贝汉廷,惊奇而不泄气,羡慕而不妒忌。因为哥哥告诉他:身边老有需要追赶的人,就好像道路上老有遥远的路标。它永远召唤你,提醒你——人,是有潜力的,有使你自己都惊奇的潜力呢！于是,小贝汉廷ー步步地追赶着,后来简直是奔跑起来了。<br />
<br />
"I am the youngest, and my brother and sister have only attended primary school for one or two years. Later, my brother find a job, and he tried his best to let me go to school. For this, my mother was very reluctant! The graduation from a primary school is a big deal in Nanshi, and I will go to middle school! No relatives or friends have heard of it. But my brother insist that, because he later work in a research institute and saw scientists. He believe that science and culture would give people a bright future. He must let me take an examination of middle school, and the examination of famous middle schools in Shanghai." So this thin and clever child from Nanshi stepped into the gate of middle school. Shanghai Middle School was famous at that time, and most of the students who came to it were children of scholarly families and celebrities. These children have a good learning foundation and high cultural accomplishment. Little Bei Hanting was surprised to see some students write such beautiful compositions, and the teacher took them to read aloud in the whole class. He really admired those students who easily got 120 points in mathematics and got the first place in the exam every year. But he, Bei Hanting, was surprised but not discouraged, envious but not jealous. Because his brother told him: There are always people around who need to catch up, just like there are always distant road signs on the road. They will always call you and remind you that people have potential, and the potential will even surprise yourself! So he chased them step by step, and then he ran to catch up with them.<br />
<br />
"I am the youngest, and my brother and sister have only attended primary school for one or two years. Later, my brother found a job, and he tried his best to let me go to school. For this, my mother was very reluctant! The graduation from a primary school is a big deal in Nanshi, and I would go to middle school! No relatives or friends had heard of it. But my brother insisted that, because he later worked in a research institute and had saw scientists before. He believed that science and culture would give people a bright future. He must let me take an examination of middle school, and must take the examination of the famous middle schools in Shanghai." So this thin and clever child from Nanshi stepped into the gate of middle school. Shanghai Middle School was famous at that time, and most of the students who came to it were children of scholarly families and celebrities. These children had a good learning foundation and high cultural accomplishment. Little Bei Hanting was surprised to see some students write such beautiful compositions, and the teacher took them to read aloud to the whole class. He really admired those students who easily got 120 points in mathematics and got the first place in the exam every year. But he, Bei Hanting, was surprised but not discouraged, envious but not jealous. Because his brother told him: There are always people around who need to catch up, just like there are always distant road signs on the road. They will always call you and remind you that people have potential, and the potential will even surprise yourself! So he chased them step by step, and then he ran to catch up with them.<br />
<br />
到了高中,学校分理、工、商科了。妈妈多么希望自己的小儿子能去学商啊！上海中学的商科,各大写字间都抢着要呢。ー个从南市来的孩子能坐进任何一个写字间都是难以想象的幸福啊!因为那就意味着温饱解决了。<br />
<br />
In high school, there were science, engineering and business. How a mother wished her little son could study business! Students learning business in Shanghai Middle School were needed in many office buildings. It was unimaginable happiness for a child from Nanshi to sit in any office building! Because that meant he was free from the worries of food and clothing.<br />
<br />
In high school, there were science, engineering and business. His mother really wished the little son could study business! Students learning business in Shanghai Middle School were very needed in many office buildings. It was unimaginable happiness for a child from Nanshi to sit in any office building! Because that meant he was free from the worries of food and clothing.<br />
<br />
但小贝汉廷又一次违背了母亲的意愿,毅然地选择了理科。因为奔跑得越快, 视野就越开阔,知识给人以信心和力量。为什么飞机会飞、火车会跑?为什么瓦特要追求蒸汽机,哥伦布要寻找新大陆?为什么李斯特的《革命挽歌》那样悲怆,契诃夫的《海鸥》忧郁得那样令人窒息,而高尔基的《母亲》却又那样的有力?原来世界上除了老板和学徒、掠夺者和奴才之外还有一种人,这种人不断地追求光明,使人类摆脱愚昧,为生活插上彩色的翅膀,给历史创造奇迹……<br />
<br />
But Little Bei Hanting once again went against his mother's wishes and resolutely chose science. Because the faster you run, the wider your vision is, and knowledge gives people confidence and strength. Why do planes fly and trains run? Why did Watt pursue the steam engine and Columbus seek the New World? Why is Liszt's Revolutionary Elegy so sad, Chekhov's The Seagull so suffocating, and Gorky's Mother so powerful? It turns out that in addition to bosses and apprentices, predators and slaves, there is another kind of person in the world, who constantly pursues light, makes human beings get rid of ignorance, inserts colorful wings for life, and creates miracles for history...<br />
<br />
But Little Bei Hanting once again went against his mother's wishes and resolutely chose science. Because the faster you run, the wider your vision is, and knowledge gives people confidence and strength. Why can planes fly and trains run? Why did Watt pursue the steam engine and Columbus seek the New World? Why is Liszt's ''Revolutionary Elegy'' so sad, Chekhov's ''The Seagull'' so suffocating, and Gorky's ''Mother'' so powerful? It turns out that in addition to bosses and apprentices, predators and slaves, there is another kind of person in the world, who constantly pursues light, makes human beings get rid of ignorance, inserts colorful wings for life, and creates miracles for history...<br />
<br />
世界因有这样的人而更加美好,人类因有这样的创造性劳动者而拉开了和低级动物的距离。小贝汉廷是多么希望也成为这样的人啊!既然生活还有另ー个 界,他就要顽强地向那里迈步,拼了命也要飞跃到那里……<br />
<br />
The world is better because of such people, and there are differences between human beings and animals because of such creative workers. How little Bei Hanting wished to be such a person! Since there is another realm in life, he will go there tenaciously and run to there at any cost...<br />
<br />
The world is better because of such people, and there are differences between human beings and animals because of such creative workers. How little Bei Hanting wished to be such a person! Since there was another realm in life, he would go there tenaciously and run to there at any cost...<br />
<br />
是的,生活和感情都是有不同的境界的,而攀登的每ー步都要付出汗水、心血和力气。小贝汉廷那时是多么恨他的英文老师啊,每星期要背ー课（不是读,而是背）,那么一年就要背52课,真是头也背晕了。可是一年、两年、三年过去,等他能直接阅读莎士比亚和惠特曼时,生活在他面前又展示了一个多么瑰丽的天地……<br />
<br />
Yes, life and feelings have different realms, and every step of going forward requires sweat, painstaking efforts and strength. How much Little Bei Hanting hated his English teacher at that time. He had to recite a lesson every week (not reading, but reciting), so he had to recite 52 lessons a year, which was really dizzy. But after one year, two years and three years, life showed him what a magnificent world when he can read Shakespeare and Whitman directly...<br />
<br />
Yes, life and feelings have different realms, and every step of going forward requires sweat, painstaking efforts and strength. How much Little Bei Hanting hated his English teacher at that time. He had to recite a lesson every week (not reading, but reciting), so he had to recite 52 lessons a year, which was really dizzy. But after one year, two years and three years, life showed him a world so magnificent when he could read Shakespeare and Whitman directly...<br />
<br />
而到了现在,当他能用流利的英语、法语在各个港口向外国友人表达中国人民 的情意,同德国人谈歌德、贝多芬、舒曼,同俄国人谈契诃夫、托尔斯泰、柴可夫斯基,同英国人谈拜伦、莎士比亚,同意大利人谈帕格尼尼……看着那些外国人的脸由淡漠变得凝重,由凝重转成钦佩,这个从南市来的孩子是多么高兴、多么满意。这时他是多么感激他的老师,又多么怀念那些顽强攀登的艰辛岁月啊!<br />
<br />
And now, when he can express the feelings of Chinese people to foreign friends in various ports in fluent English and French, talk to Germans about Goethe, Beethoven and Schumann, Russians about Chekhov, Tolstoy and Tchaikovsky, British about Byron and Shakespeare, Italians about Paganini... How happy and satisfied this child from Nanshi is to watch those foreigners' faces change from indifference to dignified and to admiration. At this time, how grateful he was to his teachers and how he missed those hard times of going forward tenaciously!<br />
<br />
And now, when he can express the feelings of Chinese people to foreign friends in various ports in fluent English and French, talk to Germans about Goethe, Beethoven and Schumann, Russians about Chekhov, Tolstoy and Tchaikovsky, British about Byron and Shakespeare, Italians about Paganini... How happy and satisfied this child from Nanshi was to watch those foreigners' faces change from indifference to dignified and to admiration. At this time, how grateful he was to his teachers and how he missed those hard times of going forward tenaciously!<br />
<br />
吐血的水手<br />
<br />
A Sailor Vomiting Blood<br />
<br />
A Sailor Vomiting Blood<br />
<br />
俄国一代名将苏沃洛夫有一句名言:“不想当将军的士兵不是好士兵。”我们的船长贝汉廷有一句与他互为表里的大实话:“没有了水手的船长就不是船长。”<br />
<br />
Suvorov, a famous Russian Generalissimo, had a famous saying: "A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier." Our captain Bei Hanting had a similar sentence: "A captain who doesn’t have sailors is not a captain."<br />
<br />
Suvorov, a famous Russian Generalissimo, had a famous saying: "A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier." Our captain Bei Hanting had a similar sentence: "A captain who doesn’t have sailors is not a captain."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷是尊重水手、懂得水手的。他也是从一个水手开始他的海上生活的。当他在东北那艘小泵泵船上实习时,他不但领略了东北零下四十摄氏度那凛冽的严寒,也深切感受到伟大祖国那彻骨的贫寒……<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting respected and understood sailors. He also started his life at sea as a sailor. When he was an intern on a small “pump boat” in Northeast China, he not only experienced the cold of minus 40 degrees Celsius in Northeast China, but also deeply felt the poverty of the great motherland...<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting respected and understood sailors. He also started his life at sea as a sailor. When he was an intern on a small "pump boat" in Northeast China, he not only experienced the cold of minus 40 degrees Celsius in Northeast China, but also deeply felt the poverty of the great motherland...<br />
<br />
上海临近解放,这一百多个航海系的学生迅速分化了:有钱有势的去了美国等地。大部分穷学生在隆隆的炮声中最关心的一件事就是跑到外滩,看看可还有船, 如果没有了船,他们可怎么办啊!<br />
<br />
When liberation in Shanghai was around the corner, more than 100 students in the navigation department were rapidly divided: rich and powerful one have gone to the United States and other places. The biggest concern for most of the poor students in the rumbling sound of guns was to run to the Bund and see if there was a boat. If there was no boat, what can they do!<br />
<br />
When the liberation in Shanghai was around the corner, more than 100 students in the navigation department were rapidly divided: rich and powerful ones had gone to the United States and other places. The biggest concern for most of the poor students in the rumbling sound of guns was to run to the Bund and see if there was a boat. If there was no boat, what could they do!<br />
<br />
而外滩,那熟悉的、桅杆林立的外滩,果真是一片寂静。滔滔的流水映着空空的蓝天,国民党把所有的船都迫驶去运送“撤退”人员和物资,把不能行驶的船都炸沉了。<br />
<br />
And the Bund, the familiar Bund with many ships, was really silent. The surging water reflects the blue sky. Kuomintang forced all the ships to transport "evacuated" personnel and materials, and sank all the ships that could not sail.<br />
<br />
And the Bund, the familiar Bund with many ships, was really silent. The surging water reflected the blue sky. Kuomintang forced all the ships to transport "evacuated" personnel and materials, and sank all the ships that could not sail.<br />
<br />
什么都没有留下啊,留下的只是毁灭性的灾难……<br />
<br />
Nothing was left behind, only a devastating disaster...<br />
<br />
Nothing was left behind, only a devastating disaster...<br />
<br />
有的同学改了行,而贝汉廷上了东北这艘小泵泵船。<br />
<br />
Some students changed their careers, but Bei Hanting got on this small “pump boat” in Northeast China.<br />
<br />
Some students changed their careers, but Bei Hanting got on this small "pump boat" in Northeast China.<br />
<br />
为什么叫泵泵船呢?因为一共不到一百吨,蒸汽机整天泵泵、泵泵地响着,一条小船上只有六个人,还是条漏水的船。每天吃的是咸菜、高粱米,却要日夜轮班用水泵把漏进来的水从船上抽出去。海上的风浪是颠簸的,贝汉廷先是吐食物,后是吐白沫,继而吐苦胆水,最后吐血,但他一边和同志们面对面地、一下一下啪嗒、 啪嗒地压着水泵,一边吐了吃、吃了吐地延续着自己的生命,并把生命交给船……<br />
<br />
Why was it called a pump boat? Because it was less than 100 tons in total, the steam engine sounded all day like a pump. There were only six people in a small boat, which was still leaking. They ate pickles and sorghum rice every day, but they had to pump the leaked water from the boat in shifts day and night. The boat flipped because of terrible wind and waves. Bei Hanting first spitted food, then foams at the mouth, then bile, and finally vomited blood. However, he and his partners pumped water out of the boat again and again, while vomiting, eating and spitting to extend their life, and giving it to the boat...<br />
<br />
Why was it called a pump boat? Because it weighed less than 100 tons in total, and the steam engine sounded all day like a pump. There were only six people in a small boat, which was still leaking. They ate pickles and sorghum rice every day, but they had to pump the leaked water from the boat in shifts day and night. The boat flipped because of terrible wind and waves. Bei Hanting first spitted food, then foams at the mouth, then bile, and finally vomited blood. However, he and his partners pumped water out of the boat again and again, while vomiting, eating and spitting to extend their life, and giving it to the boat...<br />
<br />
“是日本人吧?”<br />
<br />
"You are a Japanese, right?"<br />
<br />
"You are a Japanese, Right?"<br />
<br />
大地回春,乍暖还寒。新中国大规模的建设开始了。贝汉廷开始到一艘大船上当实习二副了。船长是个老派的船长,十分严格,每天板着面孔,不苟言笑,穿一身笔挺的制服,右手捏着一副雪白的手套。无论多么大的风雪,见习生也只许站在驾驶台外巡视海面,不许拿望远镜,又不许漏掉一个目标,否则就骂得你狗血喷头。姿势嘛!必须按照条例,手绝对不许插在兜里。零下二十摄氏度也不许吗？是的,不许!零下三十摄氏度呢？也不许!<br />
<br />
Spring returned with temperatures fluctuating between warm and cold. The large-scale construction of the People’s Republic of China began. Bei Hanting began to work as an intern Senior Officer on a big ship. The captain is old-school, strict, and discreet with a straight face every day. He was immaculately dressed with a pair of white gloves in his right hand. No matter how heavy the wind and snow were, trainees were only allowed to stand outside the bridge and patrol the sea. They were not allowed to take binoculars, and miss any targets, otherwise the captain would scold you. As for posture, you must never put your hands in your pockets, according to the regulations. Was it not allowed to do this below minus 20 degrees Celsius? Yes! What about minus 30 degrees Celsius? Nor was it allowed!<br />
<br />
Spring returned with temperatures fluctuating between warm and cold. The large-scale construction of the People’s Republic of China began. Bei Hanting began to work as an intern Senior Officer on a big ship. The captain was old-school, strict, and discreet with a straight face every day. He wore a well-ironed uniform with a pair of white gloves in his right hand. No matter how heavy the wind and snow were, trainees were only allowed to stand outside the bridge and patrol the sea. They were not allowed to take binoculars, and miss any targets, otherwise the captain would scold them. As for posture, they must never put their hands in their pockets, according to the regulations. Was it not allowed to do this below minus 20 degrees Celsius? Yes! What about minus 30 degrees Celsius? Nor was it allowed!<br />
<br />
冬季里只穿一条单裤的贝汉廷有一次实在受不住啦,回头看看没人,刚悄悄把手放进兜里暖暖,后边啪的一脚就踢过来了。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, who only wore a pair of trousers in winter, once couldn't stand it. Finding no one was in the back, he quietly put his hands in his pocket to warm up, and then the captain kicked his feet behind him.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, who only wore a pair of trousers in winter, once couldn't stand it. Finding no one was in the back, he quietly put his hands in his pocket to warm up, and then the captain kicked his feet behind him.<br />
<br />
“打人当然是不对的。”贝汉廷笑着说,“可我也真从他那里受到了严格的训练,学会了一丝不苟。”<br />
<br />
"It is certainly wrong to beat people." Bei Hanting said with a smile, "But I really got strict training from him and learned to be meticulous."<br />
<br />
"It is certainly wrong to beat people." Bei Hanting said with a smile, "But I really got strict training from him and learned to be meticulous."<br />
<br />
俗话说“严师出高徒”,而严师也多半是爱高徒的。那个老船长从来没正眼看过贝汉廷一眼,但在挑选二副时,他点名要贝汉廷。他遭到了反对,但他力排众议：“贝汉廷。”又是一阵反对的浪潮。他却仍然是三个字:“贝汉廷!”<br />
<br />
As the saying goes, "A strict teacher nurtures a high-level apprentice", and a strict teacher mostly loves a high-level apprentice. The old captain never paid attention to Bei Hanting, but when selecting the Senior Officer, he named Bei Hanting. He was opposed, but he tried hard to refute and eliminate opposing opinions to maintain his stance: "Bei Hanting." It was another wave of opposition. He still said that name: "Bei Hanting!"<br />
<br />
As the saying goes, "A strict teacher nurtures a high-level apprentice", and a strict teacher mostly loves the high-level apprentice. The old captain never paid attention to Bei Hanting, but when selecting the Senior Officer, he named Bei Hanting. He was opposed, but he tried hard to refute and eliminate opposing opinions to maintain his stance: "Bei Hanting." There was another wave of opposition. He still said that name: "Bei Hanting!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷就这样当上了二副,然后就来到了广远公司,开始了远洋航行的那一天。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting became the Senior Officer in this way, and then came to Guangyuan Company and started the ocean voyage.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting became the Senior Officer in this way, and then came to Guangyuan Company and started the ocean voyage.<br />
<br />
当船长的幸福贝汉廷今天已记不清了。他记得最清楚的却是当船长的痛苦, 那就是:只要他在海外显示出一点文化教养和科学水平,外国人就要问他:“是日本人吧?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting has lost count of the happiness of being a captain today. What he remembers most clearly is the pain of being a captain, that is, as long as he shows a little educational background and scientific knowledge overseas, foreigners will ask him: "You are a Japanese, right?"<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting has lost count of the happiness of being a captain today. What he remembers most clearly is the pain of being a captain, that is, as long as he shows a little educational background and scientific knowledge overseas, foreigners will ask him: "You are a Japanese, right?"<br />
<br />
有一次,在鹿特丹港,一个领港员因为船上一水是中国人而有意刁难,把舵令用英语说得又快又流利,贝汉廷就迎上去和他用英语对话。领港改用法语,贝汉廷也改用法语,然后有意识地用意大利语和西班牙语向领港员问话。<br />
<br />
On one occasion, in Port of Rotterdam, a pilot deliberately created difficulties because the able seaman (AB) on board was Chinese. He spoke rudder orders quickly and fluently in English, so Bei Hanting talked with him in English. The pilot changed to French, Bei Hanting also changed to French, and then he consciously questioned the pilot in Italian and Spanish.<br />
<br />
On one occasion, at the Port of Rotterdam, a pilot deliberately created difficulties because the able seaman (AB) on board was Chinese. He spoke rudder orders quickly and fluently in English, so Bei Hanting talked with him in English. The pilot changed to French, Bei Hanting also changed to French, and then he consciously questioned the pilot in Italian and Spanish.<br />
<br />
这个领港员回答不上来了,却说：“你的一水不行。”<br />
<br />
The pilot couldn't answer, so he said, "Your able seaman is not good."<br />
<br />
The pilot couldn't answer, so he said, "Your able seaman is not good."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷装没听见,他连说三次,贝汉廷火了,说：“你怎么知道他不行?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting pretended not to hear. He said it three times in a row. Bei Hanting became angry and said, "How do you know he is not skilled?"<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting pretended not to hear. He said it three times in a row. Bei Hanting became angry and said, "How do you know he is not skilled?"<br />
<br />
“反应太慢。”<br />
<br />
"His reaction is too slow."<br />
<br />
"His reaction is too slow."<br />
<br />
“那是你没有必要地说得太快,舵令叫得不清楚。”<br />
<br />
"That's because you speak too fast, which is not necessary at all, so the rudder orders don't sound clear."<br />
<br />
"That's because you speak too fast, which is not necessary at all, so the rudder orders don't sound clear."<br />
<br />
“我要求你换人。”<br />
<br />
"I ask you to change your able seaman."<br />
<br />
"I ask you to change your able seaman."<br />
<br />
“他是我船上最好的水手。”<br />
<br />
"He is the best sailor on my ship."<br />
<br />
"He is the best sailor on my ship."<br />
<br />
“中国人没ー个操舵操得好的。”<br />
<br />
"All Chinese people don't steer well."<br />
<br />
"All Chinese people don't steer well."<br />
<br />
“各国港口的领港员都说他好,只有你一个人说他不行。”<br />
<br />
"The pilots of ports in various countries say he is good, and you are the only one who says he can't do it."<br />
<br />
"All pilots of ports in various countries say he is good, and you are the only one who says he is not good."<br />
<br />
“我要求下船。”<br />
<br />
"I demand to disembark."<br />
<br />
"I demand to disembark."<br />
<br />
“可以。三副!立即送他下去。拿来!”<br />
<br />
"Yes. Junior Officer! Send him down at once. Bring it!"<br />
<br />
"Ok. Junior Officer! Send him down at once. Bring it!"<br />
<br />
“什么?”<br />
<br />
"What?"<br />
<br />
"What?"<br />
<br />
“你的派司。我要在你的引水单上注明,你是一个不合格的引水员,不能给船舶提供良好的协作,从此以后不欢迎你到任何一条中国船上领港。我很遗憾,但看来只好如此了,派司,请!”<br />
<br />
"Your pass. I want to indicate on your application for pilot that you are an unqualified pilot and can't collaborate well with ships. From now on, you are not welcome to pilot any Chinese ship. I'm sorry, but it seems that we have to do so. Your pass, please!"<br />
<br />
"Your pass. I want to indicate on your application for pilot that you are an unqualified pilot and can't collaborate well with ships. From now on, you are not welcome to pilot any Chinese ship. I'm sorry, but it seems that we have to do so. Your pass, please!"<br />
<br />
面对如此强硬的船长,那个领港员咕噜了几句,再也不响了。<br />
<br />
Facing such a tough master, the pilot muttered a few words and never did this again.<br />
<br />
Facing such a tough master, the pilot muttered a few words and never did this again.<br />
<br />
船进了港口,贝汉廷签证了引水单,并没有加任何批注,那位傲慢的引水员十分感激;而那个被船长保护过来的一水,噙着泪水咬着牙,从此日夜念英文……（I changed 嚙 with 噙）<br />
<br />
When the ship entered the port, Bei Hanting signed the application for pilot without any comment, and the arrogant pilot was very grateful. For the able seaman protected by the captain, he bit the bullet and read English day and night after that...<br />
<br />
When the ship entered the port, Bei Hanting signed the application for pilot without any comment, and the arrogant pilot was very grateful. For the able seaman protected by the captain, he bit the bullet and read English day and night after that...<br />
<br />
蓝色的梦<br />
<br />
Blue Dreams<br />
<br />
Blue Dreams<br />
<br />
正当我国海员在全世界各个港口赢得尊敬,我国远洋事业蓬勃发展的时刻,“文化大革命”开始了。林彪、江青等人互相勾结,从文艺界杀出来,砸烂公检法之 后,开始有步骤、有计划地在各条战线夺权。<br />
<br />
Just when our seafarers won respect in various ports all over the world and our ocean-going business flourished, the Cultural Revolution began. Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and others colluded with each other, caused many deaths in literary and art circles, destroyed the public security inspection law, and began to seize power on all fronts step by step and in a planned way.<br />
<br />
Just when our seafarers won respect in ports all over the world and our ocean-going business flourished, the "Cultural Revolution" began. Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and others colluded with each other, caused many deaths in literary and art circles, destroyed the public security inspection law, and began to seize power on all fronts step by step and in a planned way.<br />
<br />
贝汉廷在休假中突然被通知到广州集合。他以海员的速度按时到达,去接受新的任务。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was suddenly informed to gather in Guangzhou during his vacation. He arrived on time at the speed of seafarers to accept new tasks.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was suddenly informed to gather in Guangzhou during his vacation. He arrived on time at the speed of seafarers to accept new tasks.<br />
<br />
但是,并没有任务,却让他进了学习班。<br />
<br />
However, there was no task. He was forced to attend classes learning the Maoism.<br />
<br />
However, there was no task. He was forced to attend classes learning the Maoism.<br />
<br />
学习班都是熟人,我国开创远洋事业的不少老船长、老大副都来了。老朋友久 别重逢,十分开心,各路兵马摩拳擦掌,准备大干ー场。可是一笑容慢慢冻结在脸上了。怎么?走路要排队,吃饭也要排队,寄信要请假,说话还有人监督……军宣队宣布全面接管,难道变成了国民党俘虏?<br />
<br />
There were all acquaintances in this class, like many old captains and Chief Officers who started the ocean-going business in China. Old friends were glad to meet again after a long separation, and they were gearing up for a big fight. But a smile slowly froze on their faces. What happened? You had to queue up when you walk, when you eat. You had to take a personal day off when you sent a letter, and there were people to supervise when you speak... The propaganda team promoting Maoism claimed that it will manage them. So, did they become Kuomintang’s captives?<br />
<br />
There were all acquaintances in this class, like many old captains and Chief Officers who started the ocean-going business in China. Old friends were glad to meet again after a long separation, and they were gearing up for a big fight. But a smile slowly froze on their faces. What happened? You had to queue up when you walk, and when you eat. You had to take a personal day off when you would send a letter, and there were people to supervise when you spoke... The propaganda team promoting Maoism claimed that it would manage them. So, did they become Kuomintang’s captives?<br />
<br />
唉！贝汉廷哪里知道,林彪、“四人帮”的革命理论就是:越是有功越要整,越是有成绩越是修正主义。他们所谓的革命就是要革革过命的人的命。<br />
<br />
Alas! Bei Hanting didn’t know that the revolutionary theory of Lin Biao and the Gang of Four was that the more achievements you have, the more revisionism you have. What they called revolution was to kill those who had great contributions to our country.<br />
<br />
Alas! Bei Hanting didn’t know that the revolutionary theory of Lin Biao and the "Gang of Four" was that the more achievements you had, the more revisionism you had. What they called revolution was to kill those who had great contributions to our country.<br />
<br />
现在看来,真是比绕口令还绕口令!迷信、愚昧到了令人抬不起头的程度。但那时,贝汉廷也像中国大多数革命者一样,十分虔诚地检查自己的不足,俯首赎罪……<br />
<br />
Now, it seems that it is ironic! Superstition and ignorance have made people so embarrassed. But at that time, Bei Hanting, like most Chinese revolutionaries, examined his shortcomings very piously and bowed his head to atone for his sins...<br />
<br />
Now, it seems that it was ironic! Superstition and ignorance had made people so embarrassed. But at that time, Bei Hanting, like most Chinese revolutionaries, examined his shortcomings very piously and bowed his head to atone for his sins...<br />
<br />
首先出来抵制的又是我们的总理。总理说:“如果我们开创远洋事业的骨干都修了,远洋事业的大好形势从哪里来的?”多么无可辩驳,多么义正词严!可是林彪、江青那一伙人哪里听总理的,总理正是他们要打倒的主要目标哩!<br />
<br />
It was our prime minister who came out to oppose first. The prime minister said: "If the backbone of our ocean-going business has been fired, how does the bright future of ocean-going business come from?" How irrefutable, how righteous! But Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and their gang members didn’t listen to the Prime Minister, because he was the main target they want to overthrow!<br />
<br />
It was our prime minister who came out to oppose first. The prime minister said: "If the backbone of our ocean-going business has been fired, how does the bright future of ocean-going business come from?" How irrefutable, how righteous! But Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and their gang members didn’t listen to the Prime Minister, because he was the main target they wanted to overthrow!<br />
<br />
于是读语录,谈话;谈话,读语录;逼供,诱供;进隔离室,出隔离室……从追“拍照”到“送情报”,最后发展到追他“里通外国”。本来嘛,搞远洋运输的还能不里通外国?<br />
<br />
So they had to read quotations and have a conversation with the propaganda team again and again; they had to experience forced confessions or be trapped to make a confession; they had to be isolated in a room... From Bei’s pictures in the radar station, they thought he gave intelligence to other countries, and finally they thought he conspired with foreign countries. Originally, can those who engage in ocean transportation not communicate with foreign countries?<br />
<br />
So they had to read quotations and have a conversation with the propaganda team again and again; they had to experience forced confessions or be trapped to make a confession; they had to be isolated in a room... From Bei’s pictures in the radar station, they thought he gave intelligence to other countries, and finally they thought he conspired with foreign countries. Originally, could those who engage in ocean transportation not communicate with foreign countries?<br />
<br />
但世界上的事就是这么不可思议,事物的规律就是这样不可抗拒,他们纲上得越高,贝汉廷就越轻松,到追查里通外国的什么“照片”时,他早已从晕眩到清醒, 由虔诚而呼呼大睡起来了…… <br />
<br />
But things in the world were so strange, and the laws of things were so irresistible. The more they talked about politics, the easier it is for Bei Hanting. By the time they traced the photos of conspiring with foreign countries, he has already gone from dizziness to sobriety, and fell asleep from piety...<br />
<br />
But things in the world were so strange, and the laws of things were so irresistible. The more they talked about politics, the easier it was for Bei Hanting. By the time they traced the photos of conspiring with foreign countries, he had already gone from dizziness to sobriety, and fell asleep from piety...<br />
<br />
总理毕竟是他们夺权不可逾越的障碍。就像文艺界的大批骨干被总理保护下来送到部队农场“改造”一样,远洋事业的这批骨干也被保护下来,送到航道局看航标、挖河泥去了。<br />
<br />
After all, the prime minister was an insurmountable obstacle to their seizure of power. Just as a large number of backbones in the literary and art circles were protected by the Prime Minister and sent to the army farm for the Down to the Countryside Movement, these backbones in the ocean-going business were also protected and sent to the Waterway Bureau to monitor navigation marks and dig river mud.<br />
<br />
After all, the prime minister was an insurmountable obstacle for them to seize power. Just as a large number of backbones in the literary and art circles were protected by the Prime Minister and sent to the army farm for the "Down to the Countryside Movement", these backbones in the ocean-going business were also protected and sent to the Waterway Bureau to monitor navigation marks and dig river mud.<br />
<br />
挖河泥,上海人叫“闌河泥”,贝汉廷和他的伙伴们带着流血的心和解除隔离的欣慰,看起航标,罱起河泥来……（I changed 闌 with 罱）<br />
<br />
Digging (挖) river mud is called digging (罱) river mud by residents in Shanghai. Bei Hanting and his friends monitored navigation marks and dug river mud with bleeding hearts and relief from isolation...<br />
<br />
Digging (挖) river mud is called digging (罱) river mud by residents in Shanghai. Bei Hanting and his friends monitored navigation marks and dug river mud with bleeding hearts and relief from isolation...<br />
<br />
贝汉廷毕竟是贝汉廷,在看航标罱河泥的小船上当三副,专管伙食事务,仍然年年被评为先进。（I changed 闌 with 罱）<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, after all, was capable. He was the Junior Officer in the boat monitoring navigation marks and digging river mud, and was responsible for food affairs. And he was still rated as advanced Individual every year.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, after all, was capable. He was the Junior Officer in the boat monitoring navigation marks and digging river mud, and was responsible for food affairs. And he was still rated as advanced Individual every year.<br />
<br />
他从来没过过这样清闲的日子,用他爱人的话说:结婚二十年,在家的日子加 起来ー共不到两年。现在,每天开开单据,报报账,下了班就可以回家,骑着脚踏 车,从路边上买点螃蟹鱼虾,晚上和妻子儿女ー起听听音乐……<br />
<br />
He has never lived such a leisurely life. In the words of his lover, he has been married for 20 years, but his days at home added up to less than two years. Now, he invoiced people and reported accounts every day. He can go home after work, ride a bicycle, buy some fish from the roadside, and listen to music with his wife and children at night...<br />
<br />
He had never lived such a leisurely life. In the words of his lover, he had been married for 20 years, but his days at home added up to less than two years. Now, he invoiced people and reported accounts every day. He could go home after work, ride a bicycle, buy some fish from the roadside, and listen to music with his wife and children at night...<br />
<br />
这在一般人看来是求之不得的幸福啊！可是,他哭了。这个从来没哭过的汉子,他哭了。<br />
<br />
This was a desirable happiness in the eyes of ordinary people! However, he cried. Before that, this man who has never cried.<br />
<br />
This was a desirable happiness in the eyes of ordinary people! However, he cried. Before that, this man who had never cried.<br />
<br />
他哭了,不是因为邻居的眼色,这个从南市来的孩子从小见惯了各种各样冷漠和怀疑的眼色。<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the neighbors’ dirty looks. The boy from Nanshi was used to all kinds of indifferent and dubious looks.<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the neighbors' dirty looks. The boy from Nanshi was used to all kinds of indifferent and dubious looks.<br />
<br />
他哭了,不是因为路人的歧视,这个在各国港口为中国争取到荣誉的海员,有的是对付歧视的办法。<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the discrimination of passers-by. This seaman who won honor for China in ports of various countries had plenty of ways to deal with discrimination. <br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the discrimination of passers-by. This seaman who won honor for China in ports of various countries had plenty of ways to deal with discrimination.<br />
<br />
他哭了,不是因为亲人们一妻子儿女,特别是哥哥,那个一心一意支持他走上这条路的哥哥的质问。虽然他们疑虑的视线在他心上织起了灰色的和有罪的雾似的迷网……<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the questioning of his relatives, his wife and children, especially his brother, who wholeheartedly supported him to be a seaman. Although their suspicious eyes woven a gray and guilty mist-like puzzle in his heart...<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the questioning of his relatives, his wife and children, especially his brother, who wholeheartedly supported him to be a seaman. Although their suspicious eyes woven a gray and guilty mist-like puzzle in his heart...<br />
<br />
但,他不是为这些哭的。他哭,是为了他的梦,他的蓝色的梦。<br />
<br />
But that's not why he cried. He cried for his dreams, his blue dreams.<br />
<br />
But that was not why he cried. He cried for his dreams, his blue dreams.<br />
<br />
他是这样思念大海,他的梦也尽是蓝色的。当他坐在小船三副的办公桌前想起他的波涛汹涌的大海时,他心如刀绞。<br />
<br />
He missed the sea so much, and his dreams were all blue. When he sat at the desk of the Junior Officer of the boat and thought of his rough sea, his heart was torn out.<br />
<br />
他仍然喜欢独自在黄埔滩头倚栏沉思。每当他看见自己驾驶过的“桂林”“友好”“九江”号从他眼前驶过时,他的心狂跳,他像孩子ー样大哭了。他感到它们是那么的漂亮,真是美极了。在他当它们船长的时候,他从来没像今天看它们那样感到漂亮。而今天,当他被活活地从它们身上撕开,目送着它们仪态万方地姗姗远去时,他怎能不泪如雨下……<br />
<br />
He still liked to meditate alone on the beachhead of Huangpu. Whenever he saw the Guilin, the Friendship and Jiujiang he had driven passing by his eyes, his heart beat wildly and he cried like a child. He felt that they were so beautiful. When he was their captain, he never thought them so beautiful when he saw them today. Today, when he had to separate with them and watch them go away with great grace, how could he not burst into a flood of tears...<br />
<br />
他的泪水在羞辱的愤怒中干涸了。那是当他听见“四人帮”改朝换代后派出 的有的船员竟在外国人面前把“twelve”说成“ onetwo”的时候;是当他听说“四人帮”派出的“小兄弟”有失国体地在外国百货公司偷人一双袜子的时候;是知道那些打砸抢的“英雄”们竟在外国港口的垃圾箱里拾破烂的时候……<br />
<br />
His tears dried up in a rage that was triggered by humiliation. That was when he heard that some crew members sent by the Gang of Four after the regime change said "twelve" as "onetwo" to foreigners; It was when he heard that sidekicks sent by the Gang of Four stole a pair of socks from foreign department stores, which tarnished the honor of our country; It was when he knew that the "heroes" who smashed and looted actually picked up junk in garbage bins in foreign ports...<br />
<br />
愤怒把泪水烧干了,但蓝色的梦依然是蓝色的。他怀着钢铁的意志,钢铁的决心,他要回到大海上去。他会回到大海上去的!于是他咬着牙在自己的航海笔记的扉页上写下“勤笔密思”四个字。他重新挺起了胸,点燃了深夜的灯,通宵达旦地啃起《海上保险》《国际海商法》《海上救助》和各种国际航运法规、各国港口资料来了…… <br />
<br />
Anger burns tears dry, but blue dreams are still blue. Having nerves of steel, he wanted to go back to the sea. He will go back to the sea! So he gritted his teeth and wrote the words " Writing Diligently and Thinking Usually" on the title page of his sailing notes. He stood up again, lit the lights in the middle of the night, and read ''Marine Insurance'', ''International Maritime Law'', ''Maritime Rescue'' and various international shipping laws and regulations, and port information of various countries all night...<br />
<br />
伦敦港的友谊<br />
<br />
Friendship in the Port of London<br />
<br />
"Who is the captain?”<br />
<br />
"I 'm the master."<br />
<br />
他果然回到了大海,但这已是一个新的贝汉廷。<br />
<br />
He really returned to the sea, but this is a new Bei Hanting.<br />
<br />
如果说过去他只是一个业务熟练的船长,那么,今天他是一个满怀信心的主人。Master的含意在十年政治风暴的锤炼中,重心有了令人欣喜的转移,而这双重含意在他身上竟是如此和谐、统一。<br />
<br />
If he used to be just a skillful captain, today he is a confident master. The meaning of Master has been richer due to the political storm in the past ten years, and the focus has a happy shift, but the two meanings is so harmonious and unified in him.<br />
<br />
这里,我只想讲一个小故事,那就是——伦敦港的友谊。<br />
<br />
Here, I just want to tell a short story, that is, the friendship in the Port of London.<br />
<br />
有一次,“汉川号”配载200吨滑石粉到伦敦港卸货,途中收到了公司电报:伦敦港最近规定,不卸滑石粉。为什么?不知道,这是新规定。<br />
<br />
On one occasion, the Hanchuan loaded 200 tons of talcum powder to the Port of London for unloading, but received a telegram from the company on the way: the Port of London recently stipulated that talcum powder should not be unloaded. Why? They don't know. It's a new rule.<br />
<br />
公司远隔万里,可以不知道。但200吨滑石粉压在贝汉廷的冷藏舱盖上,舱里还有送到伦敦的各种冷冻货。滑石粉不让卸,别的货也取不出来,到前边中转,运费要超过货物本身的价值。贝汉廷决定,船仍直驶伦敦港。船一到港,他立即彬彬有礼地去拜访代理、卸货组长、工头、工人……摸清了不卸滑石粉的由来。原来是一个工人看报时偶然发现了一篇化学家署名的文章,分析滑石粉的结构,如此这般,这般如此,作用于人体,就要引起癌症。这个工人在他的工班一说,癌症,这还了得!几个工班一商议,向工会提出:从此不卸滑石粉。特别是中国的,因为包装不好,运输时又马虎,纸袋压得尽是裂缝,卸起来粉末飞扬,不要说卸,工人连手都不愿摸……<br />
<br />
The company was thousands of miles away, so it was reasonable. However, 200 tons of talcum powder was pressed on the cover of the refrigerated hatch, and there were various frozen goods sent to London in the hatch. Talcum powder was not allowed to be unloaded, and other goods can't be taken out. If you sail to the stopping point, the freight will exceed the value of the goods themselves. So, Bei Hanting decided that the ship would still go straight to the Port of London. As soon as the ship arrived in port, he courteously visited the agent, the unloading team leader, the foreman, workers... By doing so, he found out the reason of not unloading talcum powder. It turned out that a worker accidentally discovered an article signed by a chemist while reading a newspaper, analyzing the structure of talcum powder. If it acts on human body, it will cause cancer. The worker said this in his work class, which caused a great sensation! After several rounds of deliberation, it was proposed to the trade union that talcum powder should not be unloaded from now on. Especially that from China, because the packaging was not good, and the transportation was sloppy, the paper bags were full of cracks, so the powder would fly when unloaded. Workers were unwilling to touch it, not to mention unloading... <br />
<br />
啊!原来如此!贝汉廷立即请代理到船上做客。畅叙别情,举杯问候夫人健康,谈英国绘画的新发展,从背诵莎士比亚的片段谈到流行的扭摆舞对青年的影响……谈得十分融洽。代理告别时说:“在港口,有什么困难,只管找我。”贝汉廷长叹一声:“困难是有哇,可不能告诉别人。”代理马上伸过手来,与贝汉廷紧握: “绝不,到我为止。”<br />
<br />
Ah! That was the reason! Bei Hanting immediately invited an agent to be a guest on board. He talked freely, from greeting his wife's health, the new development of English painting, reciting Shakespeare's excerpts to the influence of popular twist dance on young people. When the agent left, he said "If you have any difficulties in the port, just ask me." Bei Hanting sighed: "There are difficulties, but you can't tell others." The agent immediately reached out and clasped his hands: "No, I will help you."<br />
<br />
“我带来了滑石粉。”<br />
<br />
"I brought talcum powder."<br />
<br />
“知道,不就200吨吗?”<br />
<br />
"I know. Isn't it just 200 tons?"<br />
<br />
“可我因为怕压坏,装在了冷藏舱盖上。”<br />
<br />
"But I put it on the refrigerated hatch cover because I am afraid of crushing it."<br />
<br />
“糟糕！这可怎么办?”<br />
<br />
"Oops! What can I do?"<br />
<br />
“我想和工头谈谈。”<br />
<br />
"I want to talk to the foreman."<br />
<br />
“交情深吗?不深——这样吧,我先和工会的负责人谈谈,请他来看你。”<br />
<br />
"Are you on intimate terms with him? No? Let me talk to the person in charge of the trade union first and ask him to come to see you."<br />
<br />
“我去拜访他!”<br />
<br />
"I'll visit him!"<br />
<br />
工会的负责人把头摇得像拨浪鼓一样:“这是工人的权利,工会坚决支持。”<br />
<br />
The head of the trade union shook his head like a rattle: "This is the right of workers, and the trade union firmly supports it."<br />
<br />
“别的港口都没这项规定呢!”<br />
<br />
"There is no such rule in other ports!"<br />
<br />
“本港对工人劳动保护特别注意。”<br />
<br />
"Our port pays special attention to the labor protection of workers."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷承认确实如此,并且列举了伦敦港工会的种种成绩。他是那样如数家珍,说得工会负责人心里热乎乎的,至于卸滑石粉的劳动保护吗,“汉川号”愿意提供一切条件,口罩、面具……工会负责人说:“那么……也许……我试ー试!”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting admitted that and listed the achievements of the Trade Union of the Port of London. He was so familiar with these achievements that the person in charge of the trade union was touched. As for the labor protection for unloading talcum powder, workers in the Hanchuan were willing to provide all equipment, like masks and respirators... He said: "Then... maybe... I will try!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“只要先生愿意帮忙,一定成功。先生知道伦敦的商人为什么远程购买滑石粉吗?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "As long as you is willing to help, you will succeed. Do you know why businessmen in London buy talcum powder remotely?"<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“因为我国青岛出产的滑石粉质量好,包装也好。我又装在舱盖上,一点没有破裂……先生知道滑石粉是做什么的吗?是做化妆品的。香粉,脂粉,高级化妆品呀！贵国的妇女那么美丽,从古到今都擦粉,但她们是多么健康!”<br />
<br />
"Because the talcum powder produced in Qingdao has good quality and good packaging. And I put it on the hatch cover, so it doesn’t break at all... Do you know what talcum powder is made for, sir? It can make cosmetics. Rouge and powder are high-grade cosmetics! Women in your country are so beautiful because they use this products from ancient times to the present, but how healthy they are!"<br />
<br />
工会负责人紧板的面孔开始有了一丝笑意。<br />
<br />
The tight expression of the head of the trade union changed, and he cracked a smile.<br />
<br />
“贵国亲友相会,都有接吻的习惯。算算,你们一天要接触多少香粉——多少滑石粉,而你们又是多么健康！”<br />
<br />
"When friends and relatives meet in your country, they all have the habit of kissing. Think about it. How much fragrant powder and talcum powder you need to touch every day. But how healthy you are!"<br />
<br />
“哈哈……”在场的人不由得都哈哈大笑了。<br />
<br />
"Haha..." All the people on the scene couldn't help laughing.<br />
<br />
“那么,允许我去找工人们谈谈?”贝汉廷说。<br />
<br />
"So, do you allow me to talk to the workers?" Bei Hanting asked.<br />
<br />
“不,我去,还是我去好。”工会负责人匆匆走了。<br />
<br />
"No, I'll go. It’s better if I talk to them." The head of the union hurried away.<br />
<br />
贝汉廷提心吊胆地从窗口望着甲板,看见工会负责人到工人群中拍肩打膀地说着,说着……突然,从工人中爆发出那样舒心的大笑,他们简直笑得前仰后合了。贝汉廷这一颗心才落到了胸膛里。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting looked at the deck from the window nervously, and saw the head of the trade union clapping others’ shoulders and talking among the workers... Suddenly, such a comfortable laughter broke out from the workers, and they almost laughed their heads off. Seeing this, Bei Hanting was at ease.<br />
<br />
代理对他跷起大拇指:“真行啊,Captain贝!”<br />
<br />
The agent gave him a thumbs up: "Really good, Captain Bei!"<br />
<br />
他说:“全靠你们老朋友。”<br />
<br />
He said, "It's all up to your old friends."<br />
<br />
“为什么你还不高兴?”<br />
<br />
"Why are you still unhappy?"<br />
<br />
“我还有事求你帮忙,又不好开口。”<br />
<br />
"I still have something to ask you for help, and it is difficult to speak."<br />
<br />
“说!”<br />
<br />
"Just say it!"<br />
<br />
“我们还有好多艘船都载着滑石粉呢!”<br />
<br />
"We still have many ships carrying talcum powder!"<br />
<br />
代理双手齐摇:“就你这一船,我的脑袋差点没裂开。”<br />
<br />
The agent waved his hands: "Even if there is only one ship with talcum powder, my head almost crack."<br />
<br />
“但道理不是一样吗?”<br />
<br />
"But it makes sense for all ships."<br />
<br />
“你何必管别人的船呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why do you care about other people's ships?"<br />
<br />
“因为都挂着五星红旗呀!”<br />
<br />
"Because they all hang the National Flag of the People's Republic of China!"<br />
<br />
代理挠挠头:“那……我去试试。”<br />
<br />
The agent scratched his head: "Then... I'll try it."<br />
<br />
“一定成功,英国工人是最讲道理的。”<br />
<br />
"It must be successful. British workers are the most reasonable."<br />
<br />
经过反复磋商,终于成功了。从此,凡是挂着五星红旗船上的滑石粉,只要包装不破,伦敦港一律管卸。<br />
<br />
After repeated consultations, it finally succeeded. From then on, all talcum powder on ships with the National Flag of the People's Republic of China will be unloaded in the Port of London as long as the packaging is not broken.<br />
<br />
我在这里不想叙述因此每条船每个航次为国家节约了多少外汇,因为读者们比我算得更清楚,那是数以万计十万计……我只想说:十年的政治风浪怎样使贝汉廷完成了从一个船长到一个主人的飞跃。因为他时时想着我们的人民——在各条战线上的每个主人十年沉思的伟大力量。正是它,在推动他不断地向前,向前……<br />
<br />
I don't want to describe how much foreign exchange has been saved for the country by each ship and voyage, because readers know better than me. That is more than tens of thousands... I just want to say: How did Bei Hanting make a leap from a captain to a master after ten years of political storms. Because he always thinks about our people. This is the great power of ten years' meditation of every master on all fronts. It is this power that pushes him forward...<br />
<br />
“邓小平式的船长”<br />
<br />
"A Deng Xiaoping-style Captain"<br />
<br />
中美建交,邓小平同志访问美国引起了巨大的轰动。<br />
<br />
When the diplomatic relations between China and the United States was established, Comrade Deng Xiaoping's visit to the United States caused a great sensation.<br />
<br />
中美航线打通了。好钢用在刀刃上,公司把首航美国的任务交给了贝汉廷,把他调到“柳林海号”。<br />
<br />
The Sino-US air route has been developed. Just like good steel should be used to make blades, talents should also be dispatched to do indispensable things. So the company gave Bei Hanting the task of sailing across the United States the first time and transferred him to the LIULINHAI.<br />
<br />
但在“汉川号”的航线上,几乎各个港口都打听Captarn贝。有的转达港口的问候,有的诉说朋友的思念,有的跷起大拇指,有的说:“你们中国的船长都像他就好了。”<br />
<br />
However, on the route of the Hanchuan, almost people in every port inquired about Captarn Bei. Some conveyed greetings from the port; some told friends' longing for him; some raised their thumbs, and some said, "I wish you Chinese captains are like him."<br />
<br />
“汉川号”实习船长、大副甄永祥同志告诉我:汉堡港的理货组长库克和装卸公司的威利先生干脆说贝汉廷是“邓小平式的船长” 。<br />
<br />
Comrade Zhen Yongxiang, the intern captain and Chief Officer of the Hanchuan, told me that Cook, the tally leader of the Port of Hamburg, and Mr. Willie of the Stevedoring Company even said that Bei Hanting was a "Deng Xiaoping-style captain".<br />
<br />
为什么库克先生们给他这样高的评价?只是因为邓小平首访美国,他首航美国的偶然机缘吗?当然不是!<br />
<br />
Why did Mr. Cook think highly of him? Is it just because of Deng Xiaoping's first visit to the United States and his maiden voyage to the United States by chance? Of course not!<br />
<br />
大副和水手们津津有味地给我讲开了故事:<br />
<br />
The Chief Officer and the sailors told me the story with relish:<br />
<br />
有一次,“汉川号”将到亚历山大港卸货。这个港口在苏伊士运河入口处,经常停泊着上百条等待泊位的各国船只,搞不好一等就得几十天。于是,贝汉廷在途中就接二连三地给港口代理打电话,以便让“汉川号”这三个字一再冲击所有有关人员的脑细胞,加深他们的印象。并且他翻检了自己记忆的仓库和笔记本,理清了这个港口必须打交道的一系列人物的姓名、年龄、脾气秉性、特殊爱好、办事方式……<br />
<br />
On one occasion, the Hanchuan unloaded at Alexandria, situating at the entrance of Suez Canal, where hundreds of ships from all over the world waited for berths, which may take several days. Therefore, Bei Hanting called the port agent many times on the way, so that the word "Hanchuan" could be remembered. And he went through his memory storehouse and notebook, and sorted out the names, ages, tempers, special hobbies and ways of doing things of many people that he must deal with in this port...<br />
<br />
抵港后,他就直奔港务局,拜访港务局长。他是那样熟悉地称呼着局长的名字,顺利地通过了门岗,又那样亲密地和港务局长谈着家常。当他最后提出要求快速装卸时,局长说:“怎么这样急?你们中国人从来不在乎船期。”他说:“谁说的? 我们现在要搞四化,分秒必争哩!”港务局长像老朋友似的望着他笑。于是他熟练地和所有打交道的人交往着,尽快地办好一切手续,穿过各国彩色缤纷的泊船,用 一句古话说:“扬帆远航” 了,节约了二十多天船期。多么灵活,闪电也似的进击,不像个船长,倒像个军事家。<br />
<br />
After arriving in the port, he went straight to the Port Authority to visit the Director of Port. He called the director's name deftly, so he passed the gate smoothly, and talked with the port director so intimately. When he finally asked for quick loading and unloading, the director said, "Why is it so urgent? You Chinese never care about the shipping schedule." He said, "Who said that? We must carry out the Four Modernizations now, so every minute counts!" The director looked at him like an old friend and smiled. So he skillfully interacted with all the people he dealt with, completed all the formalities as soon as possible, and went through colorful berthing ships of various countries. As an old saying goes, "Setting sail for a long voyage", which saved more than 20 days of sailing. How flexible he was! He took actions like lightning, which made him like a strategist, not a captain. <br />
<br />
同“汉川号”一起,我们从国外一共买了四条船。保修期间,发现冷藏舱上有“汗水”,浸湿了货物。贝船长拍下了现场的照片,又请各个港口的验货师签署了证明,还用油漆在船上标出了“汗水”的位置,要回厂求返修。<br />
<br />
We have bought four ships from abroad, including the Hanchuan. During the warranty period, it was found that on the refrigerated compartment was "sweat", which soaked the goods. Captain Bei took photos of the scene, asked the inspectors of various ports to sign the supporting materials, and marked the position of "sweat" on the ship with paint, so he could go back to the factory for repair.<br />
<br />
船厂工程师抱着几尺厚的设计资料翻给他看,满嘴数字、专用名词,就是不肯返修,并说已有两条船来过厂,他们在冷藏舱内侧打了200个洞,找不出问题,已签字同意不返修了。<br />
<br />
The shipyard engineer turned over the design data several Chi (Chi is a unit of length in China) thick to him, full of numbers and special terms, but he refused to repair it. He said that two ships had been to the factory, and they had made 200 holes in the inside of the refrigerated cabin, but could not find any problems, so they signed and agreed not to repair ships.<br />
<br />
“请你看我的船。”<br />
<br />
"Please look at my ship."<br />
<br />
“你的船,绝缘体是举世无双的优质品。”<br />
<br />
"The insulator in your ship is unparalleled quality products in the world."<br />
<br />
“举世无双的优质品却搞出了前所罕见的’汗水’。”<br />
<br />
"The unparalleled quality products in the world have produced a rare 'sweat '."<br />
<br />
“理论上找不出任何错误。”<br />
<br />
"No mistakes can be found in theory."<br />
<br />
“实践上就是‘汗水’浸坏了货物。”<br />
<br />
"In practice, 'sweat 'soaked the goods."<br />
<br />
工程师有成百上千条理论根据,但贝汉廷有一叠ー叠的现实照片,证人签单。<br />
<br />
Engineers had hundreds of theories, but Bei Hanting had stacks of photos and bills signed by witnesses.<br />
<br />
工程师火了:“找不出理论根据,就是不给修,这是国际惯例做法,合同上规定的。”<br />
<br />
The engineer was angry: "If you can't find a theoretical basis, I won't repair it. This is an international practice and stipulated in the contract."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷也火了:“放下你那几尺厚的资料!我拼上几夜不睡也要查出根据来,你吓唬不住我!”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was also angry: "Put down your data a few Chi thick! I will find out the basis even if I don't sleep for a few nights. You can't scare me!"<br />
<br />
工程师像海水一样莫测高深,但是贝汉廷却像礁石一样坚硬,于是海水退潮了,留下了资料。<br />
<br />
Engineers were as unfathomable as seawater, but Bei Hanting was as hard as a reef, so the seawater ebbed, leaving behind information.<br />
<br />
于是贝汉廷顽强地用血肉之躯去迎战冷冰冰的数据。这毕竟是专而又专的船舶冷藏业务啊！热学、力学、钢铁、绝缘……几十门学科。但血肉之躯也自有它的好处,那就是它有主观能动性。贝汉廷分析着各个不同的数据,寻找着规律,终于抓住了矛盾的牛鼻子。为什么在冷冻舱的各个部位绝缘体都是!80毫米厚,而横梁部分的绝缘体只有90毫米?差距有一倍,这合理吗?贝汉廷一下子跳了起来, 跑到冷藏舱实地对照,油漆的印痕条条排列。果然,“汗水”出在横梁部位……<br />
<br />
So Bei Hanting stubbornly confronted the cold data with his flesh and blood. After all, this was a ship refrigeration business, which was difficult for a layman to understand! Heat, mechanics, steel, insulation... dozens of disciplines. But a person also had its own advantages, that was, he had subjective initiative. Bei Hanting analyzed different data, looked for laws, and finally found the problem. Why were insulators in every part of the freezer 180 mm thick, while the insulator of the beam part was only 90 mm? Was it reasonable? Bei Hanting jumped up at once and ran to the refrigerator for field comparison. The marks of paint were arranged in strips. Sure enough, "sweat" came out of the beam...<br />
<br />
把工程师请了回来,工程师先是点头后是摇头:“没想到啊！没想到问题出在这里!”<br />
<br />
When the engineer was invited back, he first nodded and then shook his head: "I didn't expect it! I didn't expect the problem to be here!"<br />
<br />
怎么办?返修呗！船厂工人连续开了几个夜班,加铺了一层绝缘体,加铺了一层甲板。<br />
<br />
What to do? Repair it! Shipyard workers worked several night shifts in succession to lay an insulator and a deck.<br />
<br />
这条船修好了,其他的呢?工程师听也不要听。于是,贝汉廷去见总经理。<br />
<br />
This ship has been repaired. What about the others? Engineers didn’t even think about them. So Bei Hanting went to see the general manager.<br />
<br />
总经理说:“那两条船已经双方签过字,免修了。”<br />
<br />
The general manager said, "The two ships have been signed by both parties and are exempted from repair."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“但道理不是一样吗?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "But it makes sense for all ships?"<br />
<br />
总经理说:“你知道你这一条船返修用了我多少美金?上20万哩!”<br />
<br />
The general manager said, "Do you know how many dollars I spent on repairing your ship? Up to 200,000 dollars!"<br />
<br />
“我很抱歉,”贝汉廷说,“我知道四条船索赔,工厂损失是很大的。但如果不修好,那三条船在全世界航行,等于给你的厂做活广告。那样,你的损失不就更大了吗?”<br />
<br />
"I'm sorry," said Bei Hanting, "I know that if four ships claim compensation, the loss of the factory is very great. But if they are not repaired, those three ships will sail all over the world, which is equivalent to advertising your factory. Then, wouldn't your loss be even greater?"<br />
<br />
总经理先是摇头,后是点头,最后抬起头来打量这个个子小小的Captain贝,欣赏起这个好当家人来了。真是:第一流的头脑,外加一副铁腕,好一个铁腕人物啊! 四条船冷藏舱设备返修共花了船厂72万美金哩！<br />
<br />
The general manager shook his head first, then nodded, and finally looked up at the small Captain Bei and appreciated the good expert. He had excellent mind, powerful control. What a strong person! It costed the shipyard 720,000 US dollars to repair the refrigerated cabin equipment of the four ships!<br />
<br />
水手们还十分钦佩地讲起了大吊的故事:<br />
<br />
The sailors also told the story of the cargo handling gear with great admiration:<br />
<br />
在意大利,好像是热那亚港,港口当时正好没岸吊。过去都是借用船上的大吊,喏,用就用呗！好像是已成惯例了。但贝汉廷反复研究各港口的资料,发现那是不合理的。<br />
<br />
In Italy, it seems to be the Port of Genoa, which happened to have no shore tackle at that time. In the past, people in the Port of Genoa used to borrow the cargo handling gear on board. Well, it didn’t matter! It seemed to have become a routine. However, Bei Hanting repeatedly studied the data of various ports and found that it was unreasonable.<br />
<br />
于是他向代理提出:应由货主付费。代理说:“过去都不付呀!”<br />
<br />
So he proposed to the agent that the owner of goods should pay. The agent said, "They didn't pay in the past!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“但那是不合理的。”<br />
<br />
"But that doesn't make sense," Bei Hanting said.<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“你想,买这条船时,大吊是船价的十分之一。用了我的大吊,使了我的人工,磨损了我的钢缆……难道不付费是合理的吗?”<br />
<br />
"Think about it. When you buy a ship, the cargo handling gear is one tenth of the price of the ship. They used my gear, needed my seamen and worn my steel cable... Is it reasonable not to pay?"<br />
<br />
“是不够合理。那好,我去和货主谈谈。”第二天代理来讲,货主同意了,因为 他如不同意付大吊费,他就得到港口申请岸吊,同样得付费用,而且还得等着调配。<br />
<br />
"It’s not reasonable enough. Well, I'll talk to the owner." The next day, the agent said, the owner agreed, because if he didn't agree to pay the fee, he had to go to the port to apply for shore tackle, so he had to pay the same fee, and wait for the deployment.<br />
<br />
第一次大吊费拿到了,有好几万外汇呢!拿到之后,贝汉廷立刻要求以书面形式,将它作为制度固定下来。<br />
<br />
For the first time, they got the fee of using cargo handling gear, which brought them tens of thousands of foreign currencies! After that, Bei Hanting immediately demanded that this had to be fixed as a system in writing.<br />
<br />
拿到书面材料之后,贝汉廷代表公司和代理谈判,要求所有的中国船以后一律 按此办理。<br />
<br />
After receiving the written materials, Bei Hanting, on behalf of the company, negotiated with the agent and asked all Chinese ships to follow this procedure in the future.<br />
<br />
代理说:“你的船,我保证每次如此,但别的船……”<br />
<br />
The agent said, " I can promise your ship’s fees every time, but as for other ships..."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“道理不是ー样的吗? ”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "But it makes sense for all ships."<br />
<br />
谈判的结果,是拿到了港方的书面合同。贝汉廷立即把这份材料寄回上海,由公司报总公司,向世界其他港口交涉,一律照此办理。<br />
<br />
As a result of the negotiation, a written contract from the port was obtained. Bei Hanting immediately sent this material back to Shanghai, so the company reported it to the head office who negotiated with other ports in the world that all of them should do it.<br />
<br />
多么精细,多么科学!完全是科学家的逻辑!然而又多么灵活,多么有办法, 简直像个出色的外交家。<br />
<br />
How delicate and scientific! It's entirely the logic of scientists! However, how flexible and resourceful he is! he is like an excellent diplomat.<br />
<br />
有一次……<br />
<br />
One time...<br />
<br />
还有一次……<br />
<br />
There was another time...<br />
<br />
可惜,无法在这里写下政委、大副、水手们向我讲述的所有的故事,我只能记下他们那钦佩的眼光、赞叹的话语——<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, I can't write down all the stories told to me by the political commissar, the Chief Officer and the sailors here. I can only write down their admiring eyes and words of admiration.<br />
<br />
在海里,贝汉廷像一块冲不动的礁石。<br />
<br />
In the sea, Bei Hanting is like a rock that cannot be washed.<br />
<br />
在岸上,贝汉廷是ー块千锤百炼的钢铁。<br />
<br />
On the shore, Bei Hanting is a piece of steel that has been hammered and tempered many times.<br />
<br />
开起船来,又多么潇洒。“汉川号”在他手里不像条船,倒像个芭蕾舞演员,是那样迷人的优美……<br />
<br />
How cool he is when sailing. The Hanchuan is not like a ship when he navigates it, but like a ballet dancer, charming and beautiful...<br />
<br />
水手们都习惯了,多大的风浪也没有人去向他报告。因为你报告:“九级风呢, 船长!”他会不动声色地看看海面:“有九级吗?我看还好嘛！”“八级浪了,船长!” 他仍不动声色地看看:“有八级吗?我看还好嘛!”贝汉廷懂得一个船长镇定自若的意义,于是再也没有人和他谈风浪问题了。<br />
<br />
Sailors were familiar with him, so no one reported to him about the storm. Because when you reported, "Strong gale, captain!" He would look at the sea calmly: "Is there a strong gale? I think it doesn’t matter" “The waves are very high, captain! "He still looked calmly:" “Are they very high? I think it doesn’t matter!” Bei Hanting understood the meaning of a captain's composure, so no one talked to him about wind and waves anymore.<br />
<br />
只有我这个外行,反复问他:“你老是’还好,还好‘,可几级风浪船就会沉呢?”他沉思地看着我说:“多大的风浪也不会让万吨轮沉的,只有船本身的损坏才会沉船。而只有不懂得船也不懂得大海的船长才会把船搞坏,把船搞沉。”<br />
<br />
Only I, a layman, repeatedly asked him: "You always say ‘It doesn’t matter’, but what kind of storms will sink the ship?" He looked at me thoughtfully and said, "They won’t sink the over 10,000-ton ship. Only the damage of the ship itself will sink a ship. And only the master who doesn't know the ship or the sea will break the ship and sink it."<br />
<br />
好一个“只有不懂得船也不懂得大海的船长オ会把船搞沉”!而船长,master,在做形容词用时,又意味着熟练、精通。<br />
<br />
His words surprised me! And master, when used as an adjective, means skilled and proficient.<br />
<br />
“He is master of his business。”可以这样说:作为国家领导人之一的邓小平和作为船长的贝汉廷,对自己的业务都是那样熟练、精通;面对各自的风浪又都同样镇定自若,勇于驾驭;偏偏在他们各自的航程中,又都具有那种百折不挠、鞠躬尽瘁的主人翁态度。这就难怪贝汉廷有了这样ー个光荣的称号——“邓小平式的船长”。谁能说库克先生们没有眼力呢?<br />
<br />
"He is master of his business." It can be said that Deng Xiaoping, one of the national leaders, and Bei Hanting, a master, are so skilled and proficient in their own business. In the face of their own storms, they are equally calm and brave in controlling things. It happened that in their respective voyages, they all had the attitude of being masters with perseverance and dedication. It is no wonder that Bei Hanting has such a glorious title as "a Deng Xiaoping-style Captain". Who can say that Mr. Cook doesn’t know how to find a talent?<br />
<br />
海员风度<br />
<br />
Seamanship<br />
<br />
"SOS”！ “SOS”！！ “SOS"! ! !<br />
<br />
塞浦路斯商船“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”不断发出紧急呼号。<br />
<br />
Eleyna's Hope, a merchant ship of the Republic of Cyprus, kept sending out emergency calls.<br />
<br />
船长伊柯优斯眼看这艘28年的超龄船,在九级大风袭击中主机不能运转,全船失去控制,海底阀裂损,大量海水涌入机舱,已齐人脖颈,决定发出弃船求救信号。<br />
<br />
Captain Ikeus saw that the 28-year-old ship could not be operated in a strong gale, the whole ship lost control, the submarine valve was cracked, and a large amount of seawater poured into the engine room, leading to neck-deep sea water. He decided to send out a distress signal for abandoning the ship.<br />
<br />
"SOS”！ “SOS”！！ “SOS"! ! !<br />
<br />
全体船员及一名家属已下到救生小艇,小艇被巨浪颠簸得直上直下,完全没有行驶能力。在望远镜里看见远远一只船影,水手们用全部生命凝视着,但黑影渐渐消失。可能是风浪太大,他们自己也在危险之中,不能靠近。<br />
<br />
The crew and a family member have got off the life-saving boat, which was bumped up and down by huge waves and completely incapable of being driven. The sailors saw a distant ship shadow in the telescope, and they pinned all their hopes on it and stared at it, but the shadow gradually disappeared. It may be that the wind and waves were too strong, and they were also in danger, so they can't get close.<br />
<br />
又是一个黑影远远驶去,又是一个远远的黑影……也可能那只是自己希望的幻影吧,船员们已失去获救的信心……<br />
<br />
Another dark shadow was far away, and another... Maybe it was just an illusion of their hope, so the crew has lost confidence in being rescued...<br />
<br />
“滴滴滴,答答答,滴滴滴厂’“汉川号”的一个年轻报务员在呼啸的风暴声中突然收到了“SOS”的求救信号。贝汉廷一跃而起,到海图室查明了难船失事位置,他立即命令:“全体船员进入岗位准备抢救厂’“满舵！全速进!”超高频无线电话从此不断呼叫:“艾琳娜斯霍浦号！我是中国船’汉川号’！前来救助,请回答,请回答！！”<br />
<br />
"Beep, beep, beep!" A young radio operator of the Hanchuan suddenly received a distress signal of “SOS” in the howling storm. Bei Hanting jumped up and went to the chart room to find out the location of the shipwreck. He immediately ordered: "All crew members prepare to rescue another ship!" "Hard rudder! Go forward at full speed!" The UHF wireless telephone has been called all the time since then: "Eleyna's Hope! I am the Chinese ship Hanchuan! We come to rescue you, please answer, please answer!!"<br />
<br />
一片静默。遇难船早已失去全部通讯能力。<br />
<br />
There was silence. The wrecked ship has long lost all communication capability.<br />
<br />
当“汉川号”驶近难船时,只见它船身已右倾三十多度,船尾下沉。在十分危险的状态里,正在狂风暴雪中哑然下沉,下沉……当“汉川号”好不容易驶近救生 艇时,一个压顶巨浪把它打回遇难船的舷旁去了。四次驶近,四次打开,贝汉廷下令在它周围游弋等待。直到ー个多小时后,第五次驶近时,老水手王敬元一直捏在手中的粗尼龙撇缆绳,オ好像脱弦之箭顶风穿雪疾飞过去,被难船水手接住……<br />
<br />
When the Hanchuan approached the shipwreck, its hull had turned more than 30 degrees to the right and its stern sank. In a very dangerous state, it was sinking in the storm and a blizzard... When the Hanchuan finally approached the lifeboat, a huge wave slapped against it back to the side of the wrecked ship’s starboard. They had tried four times, but they failed, so Bei Hanting ordered to wait around it. After more than an hour later, when they approached for the fifth time, the thick nylon cable in the hands of the experienced sailor Wang Jingyuan was thrown, as if it was an arrow taking off the string and flying through the snow against the wind and it was caught by sailors of the shipwreck...<br />
<br />
这时,只有这时,贝汉廷才腾出空儿来回答整个地中海东部塞得港、马耳他、雅典、塞浦路斯电台及附近船舶的互相呼号:“我是中国’汉川号’,现在’艾琳娜斯霍浦号’的船员已安全登上我船,请放心,谢谢……”<br />
<br />
At this time, and at this time, Bei Hanting answered the calls of all the eastern Mediterranean, Port Said, Malta, Athens, Cyprus radio stations and nearby ships: "I am the Chinese Hanchuan, and now the crew of the Eleyna's Hope have safely boarded my ship. Please rest assured, thank you...”<br />
<br />
但是,“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”船长伊柯优斯却迟迟不肯上到“汉川号”。他和三个船员留在他的小艇中一再坚持靠拢难船。贝汉廷在风浪中再三向他疾呼:“危险! 危险! !”但看到他那样坚持,考虑到他仍坐在自己的救生艇上,他还是“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”的船长,有权做出自己的决定。因此只能劝慰他:“作为一个船长,我很了解你的处境和心情。我一定在旁守护,在旁守护!在旁一守护!！”小艇时起时伏 地在巨浪的峰波间摇晃着离去!“汉川号”始终在旁边巡回游弋……<br />
<br />
However, Ikeus, the captain of the Eleyna's Hope, refused to get on the Hanchuan. He and three crew members stayed in his boat and insisted on getting close to the shipwreck again and again. Bei Hanting repeatedly cried to him in the wind and waves: "Danger! Danger!!" But seeing his insistence, Bei considers that he is still sitting in his lifeboat, and he is still the captain of the Eleyna's Hope and has the right to make his own decisions. Therefore, he can only comfort him: "As a captain, I know your situation and mood very well. I will guard you, guard you! Guard you by the side!!" From time to time, the boat swayed away between the huge crested waves! The Hanchuan was always touring around...<br />
<br />
17点多,夜幕即将降临,九级的西北风把浪和雪卷上阴暗的高空,风在白茫茫的海上打转,海浪呼啸怒吼,贝汉廷开始忧虑地用汽笛和高音喇叭招呼那位守职的船长。17点24分,小艇终于再次靠近“汉川号”。贝汉廷特地到甲板上去迎接这位不幸的希腊同行。当伊柯优斯得知“汉川号”正在驶往伦敦途中时,他一再要求:<br />
<br />
At more than 17 o'clock, night was about to come, and the strong northwest gale swept the waves and snow up into the dark sky. The wind swirled in the white sea, and the waves roared. Bei Hanting began to greet the captain who kept his duty anxiously with his whistle and loudspeaker. At 17:24, the boat finally approached the Hanchuan again. Bei Hanting went to the deck to meet the unfortunate Greek counterpart. When Ikeus learned that the Hanchuan was on its way to London, he repeatedly asked:<br />
<br />
“请继续留在遇险船边,因为我必须守候它沉没。在它沉没后,请把我和我的 船员送到希腊克里特岛登岸。”<br />
<br />
"Please stay by the ship in distress, because I must wait for it to sink. After it sinks, please send me and my crew to Crete, Greece."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷,这位在他的航海日志上没有误过一天航期的船长,抢船期抢得没有一次是在港口休息日停泊记录的精细至极的船长,这时却毫不迟疑地答应了。考虑到<br />
<br />
==卷二：1.目录 Volume2: 1. Contents==<br />
<br />
卷一<br />
<br />
Volume One<br />
<br />
序 李炳银/001<br />
<br />
Preface by Li Bingyin/001<br />
<br />
哥德巴赫猜想 徐 迟/001<br />
<br />
Goldbach’s Conjecture by Xu Chi/001<br />
<br />
船长 柯岩/021<br />
<br />
Master by Ke Yan/021<br />
<br />
痴情 理由/040<br />
<br />
Obsession by Li You/040<br />
<br />
中国姑娘 鲁光/ 086<br />
<br />
Chinese Girls by Lu Guang/086<br />
<br />
三门李逸闻 乔迈/ 138<br />
<br />
Sanmen Li Anecdotes by Qiao Mai/138<br />
<br />
胡杨泪 孟晓云/ 150<br />
<br />
Tears of Populus Euphratica by Meng Xiaoyun/150<br />
<br />
原野在呼唤 王兆军/ 163<br />
<br />
The Fields Were Calling by Wang Zhaojun/163<br />
<br />
热血男儿 李士非/ 183<br />
<br />
Hot-blooded Man by Li Shifei/183<br />
<br />
卷二<br />
<br />
Volume Two<br />
<br />
中国农民大趋势（节选）李延国/219<br />
<br />
General Trend for Chinese Farmers (Excerpt) by Li Yanguo/219<br />
<br />
理论狂人 陈祖芬/261<br />
<br />
Theory Fanatic by Chen Zufen/261<br />
<br />
神圣忧思录 张 敏/283<br />
<br />
A Deliberation on the Divine by Zhang Min/283<br />
<br />
强国梦（节选）赵瑜/315<br />
<br />
The Dream of Great Power (Excerpt) by Zhao Yu/315<br />
<br />
伐木者,醒来!（节选）徐 刚/358<br />
<br />
Wake up, Loggers! (Excerpt) by Xu Gang/358<br />
<br />
步鑫生现象的反思 周嘉俊/397 <br />
<br />
Reflection on the Bu Xinsheng Phenomenon by Zhou Jiajun/397<br />
<br />
卷三<br />
<br />
Volume Three<br />
<br />
昆山之路 杨守松/ 425<br />
<br />
The Road to Kunshan by Yang Shousong/425<br />
<br />
飞向太空港（节选）李鸣生/465<br />
<br />
Flying to the Spaceport (Excerpt) by Li Mingsheng/465<br />
<br />
东方风来满眼春 陈锡添/526<br />
<br />
Vigor of Spring Greets the Eyes as the Warm Wind Comes by Chen Xitian/526<br />
<br />
好梦将圆时 江永红/539<br />
<br />
When Good Dreams Come True by Jiang Yonghong/539<br />
<br />
智慧风暴（节选）王宏甲/573<br />
<br />
The Storm of Wisdom (Excerpt) by Wang Hongjia/573<br />
<br />
卷四<br />
<br />
Volume Four<br />
<br />
4万:400万的牵挂 张雅文/ 625<br />
<br />
Zhang Yawen/625<br />
<br />
香港回归祖国10周年回眸 长 江/ 670<br />
<br />
A Look Back at the 10th Anniversary of Hong Kong's Return to China by Chang Jiang/670<br />
<br />
木棉花开 李春雷/695<br />
<br />
Kapok in Bloom by Li Chunlei/695<br />
<br />
休息的革命（缩写本）王宏甲 刘 建/716<br />
<br />
Revolution of Rest by Wang Hongjia (Abridged version), Liu Jian/716<br />
<br />
闪着泪光的事业 蒋 巍/758<br />
<br />
The Career with Tears by Jiang Wei/758<br />
<br />
让百姓做主 朱晓军 李英/ 777<br />
<br />
Let Common People Decide by Zhu Xiaojun, Li Ying/777<br />
<br />
难回故里 郭冬/817<br />
<br />
Guo Dong/817<br />
<br />
卷五<br />
<br />
Volume Five<br />
<br />
国家 何建明/855<br />
<br />
The Country by He Jianming/855<br />
<br />
蛟龙探海（节选）许 晨/ 915<br />
<br />
Xu Chen/915<br />
<br />
袁隆平的世界（节选）陈启文/950<br />
<br />
Yuan Longping's World (Excerpt) by Chen Qiwen/950<br />
<br />
“神舟”天路 兰宁远/ 1011<br />
<br />
The Long Journey of“Shenzhou”to Space by Lan Ningyuan/1011<br />
<br />
智慧之翼 李青松/ 1044<br />
<br />
Intelligent Wing by Li Qingsong/1044<br />
<br />
附录 改革开放四十年优秀报告文学存目/ 1060<br />
<br />
==卷二：2.中国农民大趋势 Volume 2: 2.General Trend for Chinese Farmers==<br />
<br />
中国农民大趋势<br />
<br />
General Trend for Chinese Farmers<br />
<br />
胶东风情录（节选）<br />
<br />
Stories in Jiaodong (excerpt)<br />
<br />
李延国<br />
<br />
Li Yanguo<br />
<br />
第一章 相会在北京（I changed オ目 with 相）<br />
<br />
Chapter One Meeting in Beijing<br />
<br />
初春。北京电影制片厂。<br />
<br />
In early spring. In Beijing Film Studio.<br />
<br />
我住在这个厂招待所的一间斗室里,正没完没了地修改ー个电影文学剧本。 一天,值班室的服务员用扩音器通知我:有客人来找。<br />
<br />
I lived in a small room in this factory’s guest house, where I was constantly revising a film literature script. One day, the attendant in the duty room informed me through a megaphone that some guests came for me.<br />
<br />
我走下楼去。几个身穿呢料制服的男子汉正等候在那里。<br />
<br />
I went downstairs. Several men in woolen uniforms were waiting there.<br />
<br />
“弟弟!”我一下把他从人群中辨认出来,他那黝黑的、已经被岁月的犁铮犁出了沟痕的面孔,刚经修饰,显得容光焕发。他彬彬有礼地上前来同我握手,向我介绍同来的人们。他们的神采和装束使我大为惊讶,要知道,他们是文学概念中的“庄稼汉”呀!<br />
<br />
"Brother!" I recognized him from the crowd at once. His dark face, which had been furrowed by the plows of years, had just been taken good care of, so he looked radiant. He came politely to shake hands with me and introduce me to the people who came with him. Their looks and costumes surprised me greatly. You know, they are "plowmen" if you describe them with the words in literature! <br />
<br />
“你们怎么来的?”<br />
<br />
"How did you come?"<br />
<br />
“自己带的车!”他指指外面的“吉普”。<br />
<br />
"My own car!" He pointed to the Jeep outside.<br />
<br />
两千多里路,他们竟然坐上了“专车”。<br />
<br />
There were more than 2,000 miles, but they should enjoy the tailored taxi service.<br />
<br />
“你们要去哪里?”<br />
<br />
"Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“深圳!”<br />
<br />
"Shenzhen!"<br />
<br />
“到深圳做什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are you doing in Shenzhen?"<br />
<br />
“考察!”<br />
<br />
"Investigation!"<br />
<br />
故乡,在我的情思里,那是黄昏的茅屋上一缕淡淡的炊烟,那是黎明的原野上一声悠长的牛叫,那是父亲头上一顶破了边的草帽,那是母亲褪色的衣襟上一块杂色补丁,那是弟弟一双饥饿的眼睛,那是妹妹辫子上一根粗糙的头绳……眼前的景象,使我无法和过去联系起来。<br />
<br />
I had a lingering affection for my hometown. When the thought of it came to me, a faint wisp of smoke from kitchen chimneys on the hut at dusk, a long cow bark on the plain at dawn, a straw hat with a broken edge on my father's head, a variegated patch on my mother's faded skirt, a pair of eyes of my younger brother showing his hunger, and a rough head band on my sister's braid sprang to my mind... But the sight before me made me unable to connect it with the past.<br />
<br />
“你们办好去边境的手续了吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have you completed the formalities for going to the border?"<br />
<br />
“办好了！”<br />
<br />
"Yes!"<br />
<br />
“坐火车去吗?”<br />
<br />
"Will you go by train?"<br />
<br />
“不,坐飞机去!”<br />
<br />
"No, we’ll go by plane!"<br />
<br />
“你们是怎样买到飞机票的?”<br />
<br />
"How did you get air tickets?"<br />
<br />
“作家协会的一位同志帮忙买的。”<br />
<br />
"A comrade of the China Writers Association helped us to buy it."<br />
<br />
我从一个农民走上文坛,足足用了二十多年的工夫,那是一条漫长的路,我仿佛觉得,这条路已经离开家乡很远很远,不料想,兄弟们斜刺里从青纱帐杀了出来, 竟一下子冲进了这个世界的核心部位。<br />
<br />
It took me more than 20 years to walk into the literary world from a farmer. It was a long road, on which I seemed to feel that I had left my hometown for a long time. Unexpectedly, my brothers ran from a field suddenly and rushed into the core of the world at once.<br />
<br />
他们这一行,是由年轻的镇委书记谢玉堂带领的,其中包括已经声名大震的农民企业家李德海等。他们去深圳不仅是为了开开眼界,原来家乡在那里是投了资的,一甩手拿出几十万、上百万元,现在他们将以“股东”的身份走在深圳繁华的街市上,从那个窗口去瞭望世界!<br />
<br />
They are led by Xie Yutang, a young Township Committee secretary, and they are accompanied by Li Dehai, a famous farmer entrepreneur. They go to Shenzhen not only to widen their horizons. Originally, our hometown invested hundreds of thousands and millions of yuan there, so now they will walk in the bustling Shenzhen as shareholders and look at the world from that window!<br />
<br />
我不知该怎样招待他们这些“天外来客”。<br />
<br />
I didn't know how to entertain these "men who fell to earth".<br />
<br />
我忽然想到了我的优势:“我领你们去看看摄影棚吧,里面在拍电影,挺好玩的。”<br />
<br />
I suddenly thought of a things I was good at: "Let me show you the studio, where movies are being made, which is quite fun."<br />
<br />
他们一行人顿时变成了“中国农民电影考察团”,随我向摄影棚走去。艺术对他们曾是遥远的、朦胧的,今天他们要走近前去看个仔细。<br />
<br />
They suddenly turned into a "Chinese Farmers Film Investigation Group" and followed me to the studio. Art used to be far away and obscure to them. Today they should come closer and take a closer look.<br />
<br />
我们被挡在摄影棚巨大的铁门外边,这里的制度是严格的,参观的人需经厂保卫科批准。<br />
<br />
We were kept out of the huge iron gate of the studio. The system here was strict, and visitors need to be approved by the factory security department.<br />
<br />
“中国农民电影考察团”被尴尬地晒在那里。<br />
<br />
The "Chinese Farmers Film Investigation Group" was embarrassed there.<br />
<br />
我忽然又想起了另ー个优势:“去看看'北影一条街’吧！”<br />
<br />
I suddenly remembered another place I was familiar with: "Let’s visit the Beijing Film Studio Street!"<br />
<br />
“北影一条街”是ー个半永久性的露天布景,坐落在厂院后区,巧夺天工的美工师们在这里搭起了具有古典风格的店铺、楼阁、墙垒。走在这里,像走进了陈旧的岁月之中。《垂帘听政》《海囚》《双雄会》《骆驼祥子》等等许多撼动人心的历史场面都是在这里拍摄出来的,中国农民在这里扮演了屈辱和失败的角色！<br />
<br />
It was a semi-permanent open-air set, which was located in the back area of the factory yard, where wonderful art designers set up shops, pavilions and walls with classical style. Walking here was like walking into the past. Many shocking historical scenes, such as Holding Court from behind a Screen, Captives, Shuang Xiong Hui and Camel Xiangzi, were filmed here, where Chinese farmers played the role of humiliation and failure!<br />
<br />
农民兄弟们巨大的步幅,很快把这一条小小的街道丈量完了,他们好奇地转到布景的后面,ー个个不禁哑然失笑:“都是假的呀!”<br />
<br />
They made huge strides so that they quickly visited this small street. They turned curiously to the back of the set, and all of them couldn't help laughing: "It's all fake!"<br />
<br />
没有什么事情能唤起他们的兴趣。我决意尽主人之道,把他们领到北影小食堂狠狠来上一顿,花个三十二十的！<br />
<br />
Nothing can arouse their interest. I was determined to do the honors, and lead them to our canteen to have a good meal, which will cost twenty or thirty yuan!<br />
<br />
“不,跟我们去吧！”他们反客为主。<br />
<br />
"No, come with us!" They turned passivity into activity.<br />
<br />
“去哪里?”<br />
<br />
"Where?"<br />
<br />
“小洞天,西餐!”<br />
<br />
"Xiaodongtian, which sells western food!"<br />
<br />
我简直是五体投地！我想象不出来,他们是怎么睁大寻觅的眼睛,在偌大的北京城找到了那个藏在地缝里的“小洞天”的。<br />
<br />
I swept my feet by them! I couldn't imagine how they kept their eyes wide open to find it hidden in the crevice of the ground in the vast Beijing.<br />
<br />
我的兄弟们在我面前变得陌生了,这一切变化是怎样开始的?是谁给了他们这新的风采、新的气质?<br />
<br />
My brothers have become strangers before me. How did all this change begin? Who gave them this new style and temperament?<br />
<br />
他们似乎在追赶着什么一乘上飞机,用超音速……<br />
<br />
They seem to be chasing something by plane at supersonic speed...<br />
<br />
文学,将仰首注视他们!<br />
<br />
Literature will look up at them!<br />
<br />
中国,是世界上拥有农民最多的国家,谁不了解当代的中国农民的变化,谁就不了解当代的中国。<br />
<br />
China is the country with the largest number of farmers in the world. Whoever does not understand the changes of contemporary Chinese farmers will not understand contemporary China.<br />
<br />
传统的农民观念在我的头脑里发生了动摇。<br />
<br />
The traditional concept about farmers has shaken in my mind.<br />
<br />
到胶东去!<br />
<br />
Go to Jiaodong!<br />
<br />
到故乡去!<br />
<br />
Go to hometown!<br />
<br />
第二章故乡之门<br />
<br />
Chapter 2 The Gate of Hometown<br />
<br />
烟台,我的故乡。<br />
<br />
Yantai is my hometown.<br />
<br />
据说,这是一个没有待业青年的城市。一位空军战斗英雄在这里担任副市长; 一位从北京招聘来的硕士研究生被委任为市委宣传部长（他们都是胶东的儿子）；留职停薪的教师开办旅游开发公司,市政府领导亲临剪彩;上海交通大学的几位校 友创办烟台思源新技术开发公司,经济学家于光远发来贺电;新建的电视台将于7月1日开播;集资兴办的综合性的烟台大学正在开挖地基;现代化的海上游乐园正在崆峒岛上破土动工;东郊的飞机场、西郊的高速公路正在筹建之中；那些农民办的饭店、旅馆、商场、烤鸭店、运输公司更是兴隆昌盛……真个是:昨梦乘风破浪去, 满山灯火是烟台。（I changed 啞桐 with 崆峒）<br />
<br />
It is said that this is a city without unemployed youth. An Air Force hero served as deputy mayor here. A graduate student recruited from Beijing was appointed as municipal party committee propaganda department minister (they are all residents of Jiaodong). Teachers who stayed without pay set up tourism development companies, and leaders of the municipal government cut the ribbon in person. Several alumni of Shanghai Jiaotong University founded Yantai Siyuan New Technology Development Company, and economist Yu Guangyuan sent a congratulatory message. The newly built TV station will start broadcasting on July 1. The comprehensive Yantai University, which received funds, is excavating the foundation. The modern sea amusement park is breaking ground on kongtong island. The airport in the eastern suburbs and the expressway in the western suburbs are under construction. Those restaurants, hotels, shopping malls, roast duck stores and transportation companies run by farmers are even more prosperous... No matter how rich they are, all they dream, miss and think about are Yantai.<br />
<br />
当天晚上,市委书记王济夫同志来到宾馆。凡来烟台的学者、作家、画家、书法 家、记者、编辑、科学家,他总要抽空来看望。他身上兼有军人的敏捷和学者的优雅,讲话却又充满诗人的激情,那浓重的乡音,又使我如见故里。<br />
<br />
That evening, Comrade Wang Jifu, Party Secretary, came to the hotel. He always takes time to visit scholars, writers, painters, calligraphers, journalists, editors and scientists who come to Yantai. He has the agility of a soldier and the elegance of a scholar, but his speech is full of the passion of a poet. When hearing his strong local accent, I feel like I’m in my hometown.<br />
<br />
他也是胶东当代的一个传奇人物。他一会儿身穿西服登上党代会的主席台,一会儿在宾馆和外商洽谈大型旅游服务系统的投资,一会儿又拉着商业局长深入个体饮食店解决原料供应,一会儿又到新成立的画院和画家们评论新作,一会儿又到某郊区县为农民企业家发表辩护演说……此刻为迎接对外开放,他刚刚从海湾对面的姊妹城市一大连考察回来,毫无倦意地坐在沙发上。<br />
<br />
He is also a contemporary legend in Jiaodong. He wore a suit and boarded the rostrum of the National Congress of the Communist Party of China. He discussed the investment of large-scale tourism service system with foreign businessmen in hotels. He took the commercial director to deeply understand individual restaurants to solve the supply of raw materials. He went to the newly established painting academy to comment on new works with painters. He went to a suburban county to give a defense speech for farmer entrepreneurs... At the moment, in order to embrace the opening to the outside world, he investigated in Dalian, a sister city across the bay, and just now he came back, sitting on the sofa without tiredness.<br />
<br />
“最近写些什么作品了?”他拍拍我刚送给他的《在这片国土上》的单行本,“你很少回家,应该回来看看我们这片乡土。这是一片烈士洒过鲜血的土地,今天发生了翻天覆地的变化。你应该看看农民怎样变成企业家的。”他边说边挥动手臂,仿佛这不是在屋里,而是在ー个视野开阔的制高点上,“'牟平七雄’’蓬莱八仙’’黄县五杰’’栖霞三能’……他们都是一窝子一窝子的。英雄无独有偶,都是竞争出来的。三中全会造就了一大批英雄,你应该去看看他们怎样跟着三中全会的旗帜, 改变了自己的命运。现在的家乡,可不是昔日的家乡了;现在的农业,可不是传统的农业了;现在的农民,可不是当年鲁迅笔下的阿Q、赵树理笔下的李有才,也不是高晓声笔下的陈奂生了。就是说,这个深刻变化不仅发生在地貌上、生产关系上, 也发生在人的灵魂深处,动摇了很多传统的东西……”<br />
<br />
"What have you written recently?" He patted the offprint In This Motherland I just gave him. "You seldom go home, so you should come back and see our native land. This is a land where martyrs have sacrificed their life, and the changes are beyond recognition today. You should see how farmers become entrepreneurs." As he spoke, he waved his arms, as if this was not in the house, but on a commanding height with a wide field of vision. "Seven Heroes in Muping, Eight Immortals in Penglai City, Five Heroes in Huang County and Three Advantages in Qixia... They all occur in our hometown. There is not only one hero. They are nurtured because of competition. The Third Plenary Session brought up a large number of heroes. You should see how they followed the directions of the Third Plenary Session and changed their own destiny. The present hometown is not the former one. Today's agriculture is not traditional agriculture. Today's farmers are not Ah Q written by Lu Xun, Li Youyu written by Zhao Shuli, or Chen Huansheng written by Gao Xiaosheng. That is to say, this profound change occurs not only in landform and production relations, but also in the depths of people's souls, changing many traditional things..."<br />
<br />
来也匆匆,去也匆匆。他走下楼去,站到汽车门前,海风掀起他黑色的衣襟,像鼓起的船帆。他回头说:<br />
<br />
He comes and goes in a hurry. He went downstairs and stood in front of the car. The sea breeze lifted his black clothes like a bulging sail. He turned back and said:<br />
<br />
“人是复杂的,文学也应该是复杂的。唱改革者之歌的时候,不要忘记他们的辛酸、他们的磨难。任何一项改革都不是在笔直的路上走的……”<br />
<br />
"People are complex, so should literature. When we are in the process of reform, we should not forget their bitterness and hardships. No reform is easy..."<br />
<br />
车走了,仲夏的海滨卷起一阵旋风。<br />
<br />
The car left, and a whirlwind rolled up on the seashore in midsummer.<br />
<br />
好有力的旋风啊!<br />
<br />
What a powerful whirlwind!<br />
<br />
第三章走进蓬莱仙境<br />
<br />
Chapter 3 Walking into Penglai Wonderland<br />
<br />
蓬莱阁上<br />
<br />
Penglai Pavilion<br />
<br />
——神话今说<br />
<br />
—Talking about Myth Today<br />
<br />
蓬莱,民族英雄戚继光的故乡,八仙过海传说的发祥地,你把魂魄凝聚在小小的蓬莱阁上。不是吗?要不,在这里只做过五天知府的苏东坡为什么留下了“东方云海空复空,群仙出没空明中”的诗句?为什么远离热土的老华侨要登临神堂烧上一炷香烛?为什么那些蓝眼睛的异国人要在参天的古柏前留一帧小照?<br />
<br />
Penglai City, the hometown of national hero Qi Jiguang and the place producing the legend of The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea, you condense your soul on the small Penglai Pavilion. Isn't it? Otherwise, why did Su Dongpo, who has only been a magistrate of a prefecture here for five days, leave the poem "I imagine clouds in the Eastern Sea is empty, but the immortals appear in quietness"? Why do old overseas Chinese who are far away from motherland go to the temple to burn incense? Why do those blue-eyed foreigners leave a small picture in front of ancient towering pine trees?<br />
<br />
在我登上这座建筑在民族心理上九百余年的仙阁时,适逢ー批外国友人乘兴游览,导游员刘妍,一位端庄聪颖的农民女儿（她爱好田径,学过武术,酷爱外语）,带领他们穿行在神话传说的历史中。<br />
<br />
When I stood in this fairy pavilion, which has been built for more than 900 years, it coincided with a group of foreign friends enjoying the tour. The tour guide Liu Yan, a dignified and intelligent woman whose father is a farmer (she loves athletics and foreign languages, and has studied martial arts), led them through the history of myths and legends.<br />
<br />
“请问刘小姐,这里为什么叫蓬莱呢?”<br />
<br />
"Excuse me, Miss Liu, why is this place called Penglai?"<br />
<br />
“据说,当年秦始皇为了求长生不老药,曾来到这里,他突然发现海里有一片赤色,就连忙问随行的方士:’那是什么?’方士答道:'那是仙岛。’秦始皇又问:'那仙岛叫什么名字?’方士回答不上来,慌乱中发现海水里有一片海草,'蓬’和'莱’都是草名,方士就顺ロ应付说:'蓬莱。’从此,蓬莱仙岛这个名字就流传开了……”<br />
<br />
"It is said that Qin Shi Huang came here in order to seek elixir of life. He suddenly found that there was red color in the sea, so he quickly asked the accompanying alchemist: 'What is that?' The alchemist replied, 'That's an island for immortals.' Qin Shihuang asked again, 'What's the name of it?' The alchemist couldn't answer that. In panic, he found that there was a piece of seaweed in the sea. 'Peng' and 'Lai' were both grass names, so the alchemist responded, 'Penglai.' Since then, the name Penglai Immortal Island has spread..."<br />
<br />
“刘小姐,您刚オ说,八仙过海中的八位神仙,是在蓬莱阁上喝醉了酒之后飘然过海……请问,他们过海到哪里去了?”<br />
<br />
"Miss Liu, you just said that the eight immortals who crossed the sea were drunk on Penglai Pavilion and flew above the sea... Excuse me, where did they go after crossing the sea?"<br />
<br />
“传说很多。不过,今天的蓬莱农村,发生了翻天覆地的变化,我想,八位仙人 一定是留恋人间的新生活,投胎为农民企业家、专业户、个体户。如果先生和女士们有兴趣,不妨到蓬莱农村一游……”<br />
<br />
"There are many legends. However, great changes have taken place in Penglai's rural areas today. I think the eight immortals must be nostalgic for the new life in the world and reborn as farmer entrepreneurs, family which engages in a specialized trade and self-employed entrepreneurs. Gentlemen and ladies, if you are interested in these changes, why not visit rural areas in Penglai?"<br />
<br />
<br />
刘妍莞尔一笑,博得一阵喝彩! 一位外宾说:<br />
<br />
Liu Yan smiled and got a big round of applause! A foreign guest said:<br />
<br />
“刘小姐,你可以做何仙姑了!”<br />
<br />
"Miss Liu, you can be He Xiangu (one of the Eight Immortals)!"<br />
<br />
伊甸园的葡萄熟了<br />
<br />
Grapes in Garden of Eden are Ripe<br />
<br />
——商品生产观念的形成<br />
<br />
—The formation of the commodity production concept<br />
<br />
今天,庄户人的自给自足的传统观念像雪山一样崩塌了!<br />
<br />
Today, the traditional concept of self-sufficiency of farmers has been greatly changed!<br />
<br />
大姜家大队的300亩葡萄园,就曾经是一个和传统观念搏斗的战场！<br />
<br />
The 300-mu (a unit of measurement in China) vineyard of the Jiang family was once a battlefield, on which people fought against traditional ideas!<br />
<br />
开始,28岁的支部书记姜世谭,决定根据三中全会精神调整农业内部结构,拿出西南洼110亩水浇地改种葡萄,立时受到围攻,上面点名,下面咒骂,连老父亲也质问他:“现在国家提高粮价,你去种什么葡萄?”<br />
<br />
At first, Jiang Shitan, the 28-year-old Party branch secretary, decided to adjust the internal structure of agriculture according to the spirit of the Third Plenary Session, and took out 110 mu of irrigated cropland in the southwest area to replant grapes. He was immediately besieged. His superiors named and shamed him and the ordinary people cursed him out. Even his old father questioned him: "Now the country has raised food prices, why do you plant grapes?"<br />
<br />
为了使葡萄园方方正正,还要耕掉50亩漫脚面的麦苗,于是老队长姜世希领着四个生产队长和姜世谭滚打在ー起:<br />
<br />
In order to make grapes grow vertically, it was necessary to remove 50 mu of wheat seedlings that had grown a little, so the old captain Jiang Shixi led four production captains to fight with Jiang Shitan:<br />
<br />
“败家子儿！这是四五万斤麦子呀!”<br />
<br />
"You black sheep! This is 40,000 to 50,000 jin of wheat!"<br />
<br />
“老祖宗撇下这么点好地,你穷作!”<br />
<br />
"The ancestors left such a good place, but you miss this opportunity!"<br />
<br />
“你不是吃人饭长的……”<br />
<br />
"Didn't you grow up eating rice?"<br />
<br />
姜世谭被逼成个“红眼狼”,鞭子一甩:“耕!”他推着雪亮的犁刀,绿生生的麦苗被翻到地下去了！<br />
<br />
Jiang Shitan was forced into a "red-eyed wolf" (a person who is greedy) and whipped: "Plow!" He pulled the sharp plow, and the green wheat seedlings were buried!<br />
<br />
1983年秋天,葡萄熟了,一嘟噜一串地压满了架子,听听那些名字吧:龙眼、泽香、白茹、枣晶、贵人香、赤霞珠……姜世谭把全村老少六百口子请了来:<br />
<br />
In the autumn of 1983, the grapes were ripe, and the trellises were filled with grapes. Listen to those names of grapes: Longyan, Zexiang, Bairu, Zaojing, Guirenxiang, Chixiazhu... Jiang Shitan invited 600 people from all over the village:<br />
<br />
“今天请乡亲们来吃葡萄！一百多个品种管尝！大家边吃,边算一笔账,按市价这一嘟噜葡萄能卖一块钱,大家可以数数有多少嘟噜……”<br />
<br />
"Today, I want to invite you villagers to eat grapes! There are more than 100 varieties for you! You can eat and calculate the accounts. According to the market price, a bunch of grapes can sell for one yuan. You can count how many bunches of grapes..."<br />
<br />
数得过来吗?<br />
<br />
Can you count them all?<br />
<br />
最后的账目还是由会计算出来的,一亩葡萄的收益相当于1万斤小麦,100多亩葡萄超过了全村1500亩粮田的总收入！<br />
<br />
The final account was calculated by the accountant. The income of 1 mu of grapes was equivalent to 10,000 jin of wheat, and the income of more than 100 mu of grapes exceeded the total income of 1,500 mu of grain fields in the village!<br />
<br />
伊甸园的葡萄熟了,大姜家人的思想飞跃了！<br />
<br />
The grapes in the Garden of Eden were ripe, and the Jiang family had progressive thoughts!<br />
<br />
姜世谭又来了第二个惊险的跳跃:建立食品加工厂,生产葡萄罐头,增值！<br />
<br />
Jiang Shitan met the second thrilling challenge: setting up a food processing factory and producing canned grapes so as to increase the value of grapes!<br />
<br />
食品厂在斗争中建起来了,开工40天,产值就达14万元。<br />
<br />
The food factory was built in a struggle. The output value reached 140,000 yuan after 40 days of operating.<br />
<br />
“凡是要改革ー项事情,总是有阻力。毛主席去世后,两个’凡是’听得多顺溜? 一说毛主席有错误有缺点,农民根本不承认这个事。搞大包干、责任制,可又舍不得丢掉大锅饭;要搞商品生产,阻力更大,这次改革是农民改行呀!农民做工, 书记当经理。过去是春天捅一棍,秋天吃一顿,现在像《霍元甲》主题歌里唱的: ’沉睡百年,国人渐已醒,睁开眼吧,抬头看吧’,和几千年的小农生产方式决裂了。”<br />
<br />
"There are always obstacles whatever things we want to reform. After Chairman Mao's death, we are used to listening to 'Two Whatevers' (it refers to the statement that we will resolutely uphold whatever policy decisions Chairman Mao made, and unswervingly follow whatever instructions Chairman Mao gave). When Chairman Mao is said to have made mistakes and shortcomings, farmers simply refuse to admit it. When we introduce the household responsibility system, farmers still want to mess together to eat food prepared in a large canteen. It’s more difficult if we want to carry out commodity production. This reform will push farmers to change their careers! Farmers do the work, and secretaries are managers. In the past, farmers worked in spring and harvested in autumn. Now, as the theme song of Fearless sings: 'After a hundred years of sleeping, Chinese people have gradually woken up. Open your eyes and look up'. Now it is totally different from the peasant mode of production for thousands of years. "<br />
<br />
草店流行红裙子<br />
<br />
Red Skirts are Popular in Forage Store<br />
<br />
——生活秩序、审美心理一见<br />
<br />
—Life Order and Aesthetic Psychology can be Found<br />
<br />
一走进草店大队,不时地看到ー些穿红裙子的姑娘,那么惹目。<br />
<br />
As soon as I walk into the production brigade of forage store, I see some girls in red skirts from time to time, who catch my eye.<br />
<br />
她们来自何方?<br />
<br />
Where do they come from?<br />
<br />
两年前,党支部书记王明福六进天津请来ー个病休的女工程师,一下子给她涨了20级工资（月工资300元,路费、生活费全包）,建起了一个染线厂。结果是:请了一个人,办了一个厂,富了一个村。后来又在染线厂的基础上办起了羊毛衫厂。整个草店的生活秩序改变了,实行生产责任制后的两个“剩余”（剩余劳力、剩余时间）变成了两个“紧张”,又从外村雇用了 500多劳力,都是年轻的农村姑娘。<br />
<br />
Two years ago, Wang Mingfu, the Party branch secretary, hired a female engineer on sick leave in Tianjin, suddenly gave her a 20-fold increase in salary (her monthly salary was 300 yuan, and travel expenses and living expenses are all included), and set up a dyeing factory. As a result, a person was hired, a factory was set up, and a village was rich. Later, a wool sweater factory was set up thanks to the dyeing factory. The life order of the whole forage store has changed. After the implementation of the production responsibility system, the two "surpluses" (surplus labor and surplus labor time) have become two "tensions", so more than 500 laborers have been employed from other villages, all of whom were young rural girls.<br />
<br />
这些来自南庄北疃的姑娘们,一开始是带着一些羞涩和矜持走上草店那带有路灯的、25米宽的大路的。可是织布机很快改变了老一辈留给她们的旧有的生活节奏。她们不再像父辈们那样,日出而作,日落而息。这个“不夜村”里,她们见面不再用父辈的“上山下山”,而是互相招呼着:“你夜班?”“你白班?”“你上班?”“你下班?”每当说着的时候,你可以看出她们内心的自豪和欢悦。她们也像城里人ー 样,提兜里装上一个铝饭盒,吃饭的时候聚在ー起,说着班上的一些事情。她们织出的羊毛衫印上蓬莱阁图案,运到了东北、陕北、山西、河南……她们的审美观已不满足于过去的头上插一朵野花、扎一根红头绳,现在她们用自己挣的工资买来了最时兴的红裙子。（I changed 瞳 with 疃）<br />
<br />
These girls from villages across China started to walk on the 25-meter-wide road with street lamps in the forage store with some shyness and reserve. However, the loom quickly changed the old life rhythm left by the older generation. They no longer worked at sunrise and rest at sunset like their parents. Instead, in this "sleepless village", they no longer said "going up and down the mountain" like their parents when they meet, but greeted each other: "Do you work night shifts?" "You work the day shift?" "You go to work?" "You're off duty?" Whenever they talk, you can see their inner pride and joy. Like people in the city, they carry an aluminum lunch box in their buckets, gather together when eating, and talk about some things in the workshop. The wool sweaters they knitted were printed with Penglai Pavilion patterns and shipped to Northeast China, Northern Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan... They were no longer satisfied with putting wild flowers and tying red ropes on their heads in the past, but now they have bought the most fashionable red skirts with their own wages.<br />
<br />
去访问一个穿红裙子的姑娘吧!<br />
<br />
Let’s go and interview a girl in a red skirt!<br />
<br />
她叫姜利华,是附近上口姜家大队社员,今年21岁,她胖乎乎的,生着一个端正的小翘鼻子,头发梳成两个“把把”,发梢是烫过的,显得很有韵致。<br />
<br />
She is Jiang Lihua, a member of the nearby Jiang’s production brigade. She is 21 years old. She is chubby, has a straight, wide flat nose, and two braids. Her hair tips are permed, which makes her look very charming.<br />
<br />
“你为什么到这里来?”<br />
<br />
"Why do you come here?"<br />
<br />
“不愿意在家种地。”她爽直地向我笑笑,胖胖的手来回搓着。<br />
<br />
"I don't want to cultivate land at home." She said with a frank smile, rubbing her plump hands back and forth.<br />
<br />
“家里分那么几亩地,也用不着闺女家,还有她哥,她爹。”陪伴我的离职老队长在一边插言。<br />
<br />
"A family with a few mu of land doesn’t need the help of daughters. Her brother and her father will do it." The departing captain who accompanied me interjected at the side.<br />
<br />
“你打算在这里干到什么时候?”<br />
<br />
"How long are you going to work here?" <br />
<br />
“干到工厂’黄’了的时候……不’黄'就在这里干!”<br />
<br />
"When the factory is bankrupted... if it runs well, I will work here!"<br />
<br />
“你去年收入了多少?”<br />
<br />
"How much did you earn last year?"<br />
<br />
“1010块,年底开支一大摞,没敢往家喊（拿）,公社信用社在这里,存了活期, 存折交给俺爹……”<br />
<br />
"1010 yuan. Because there were a lot of expenses at the end of the year, I didn't dare to take home. The rural credit cooperative is here, so I saved money in a savings account, and handed the passbook to my father..."<br />
<br />
“你花钱怎么办?”<br />
<br />
"What will you do if you want to spend money?"<br />
<br />
“问俺爹要……哎呀,你记这些干什么?让人家笑话。”<br />
<br />
"Ask my dad to... Oh, why do you write down these? People will laugh at me."<br />
<br />
“你爹妈高兴吧?”<br />
<br />
"Are your parents happy?"<br />
<br />
老队长:“他们当然高兴,她一个人挣的顶他们全家!”<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Of course they are happy. She alone earns more money than the whole family combined!"<br />
<br />
姑娘抿嘴一笑:“以前俺上下班骑俺二姐的自行车,今年俺爹托人上北沟买了辆'金鹿’。他说:’华,这辆车子就是你的了,好好骑。’俺回家一干活他就说:’不用不用,你去睡觉吧。’大姐二姐都不如我。上夜班带饭,俺妈都非给两个鸡蛋拿着。”<br />
<br />
The girl chuckled: "I used to ride my second sister's bicycle to commute. But this year, my father asked someone to go to Beigou to buy a 'Jin Lu' (it is a famous bicycle brand at that time). He said, 'Hua, it is yours, so take good care of it.' As soon as I got home to do housework, he said, 'No, no, you can go to bed.' The oldest sister and the second sister are not as good as me. When I take meals on the night shift, my mother insists on giving me two eggs."<br />
<br />
老队长:“你看看那些上夜班的闺女,哪个不拿鸡蛋?早先还有她们的?都是 早晨打给她爹她哥吃了。”<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Look at those girls who work the night shift. Which one doesn't take eggs? In the past, it was impossible. These eggs belonged to her father and brother in the morning."<br />
<br />
“明天王绪庙会,俺妈说给俺和嫂子一人20元钱,再添些夏天衣裳。”<br />
<br />
"Tomorrow it's the Wangxu Temple Fair, so my mother said she will give me and my sister-in-law 20 yuan so that we can buy summer clothes."<br />
<br />
老队长:“还添衣裳！如今的姑娘家,哪个的衣裳都是一身一身的。也不嫌衣裳多了生虫子!”（I changed 氏 with 长）<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Buy more clothes? Today's girls have too many clothes. They do not worry about more clothes will attract bugs?"<br />
<br />
“出去旅游过吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have you ever traveled?"<br />
<br />
“还没有!”<br />
<br />
"Not yet!"<br />
<br />
老队长:“可不喜去,一点好处也没有。招远的一帮子坐拖拉机上蓬莱阁,车翻沟里去了,一下子死了俩！再说听景有景,看景没景。逛一趟泰山来回得花一百多,还不如在家里喝100斤酒!”<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Travelling is not preferred. It's no good at all. Some people in Zhaoyuan City went to Penglai Pavilion on a tractor, which turned over the ditch, and two of them died at once! Besides, listening to other’s introduction of the scenery is better than watching the scenery. It takes more than 100 yuan to visit the Mount Tai. It is better to drink 100 jin of wine at home!"<br />
<br />
姑娘没有吭声,也许她自有主张。<br />
<br />
The girl didn't say anything. Maybe she had her own ideas.<br />
<br />
回到招待所里,我思绪不能平息。过去这个村子是蓬（莱）黄（县）公路上的一个马车店,因兼卖草料而得名“草店”。至今老人们还能背下流传几辈子的歌谣: “草店穷,穷草店,吃水要走二里半,去时穿花鞋,回时露鸭蛋（后脚跟）,有女不嫁穷草店。”从歌谣中的“花鞋”二字猜测,这歌谣一定是受尽了苦楚的妇女们编出来的。而今妇女们进草店也不是那么容易了。王明福规定,来草店做工的姑娘除了要经过考试外,模样不耐看的不要,个头不高的不要——来记者照相没有机器高那还行吗?以后不光要会说中国话,还要会说外国话的——这里常有外宾来。<br />
<br />
After I returned to the guesthouse, my thoughts couldn't calm down. In the past, this village was an inn on Peng Huang (or Lai County) Highway, which was named forage store because it also sold forage. Up to now, the old people can still recite the ballad that has been passed down for several generations: "The forage store is poor. So poor the forage store is. It takes two and a half li to drink water. You wear beautiful shoes when you go there, but expose your heel when returning back. If you have a daughter, you won’t let her marry the guy in the poor forage store." From the words "beautiful shoes" in the ballad, it is guessed that this ballad must have been made up by women who suffered a lot. Nowadays, it is not so easy for women to be hired in this forage store. Wang Mingfu stipulates that girls who come to work here should not only pass the exam, but should be tall and easy on the eyes. After all, the reporter can’t take picture of her if she is not as tall as a camera. In the future, they should not only speak Chinese, but also speak foreign languages, because foreign guests often come here.<br />
<br />
在我门ロ一边,有一个卖杂货的摊贩,五十多岁年纪,戴着一副眼镜,一条眼镜腿断了,是用麻线拴在耳朵上的。在那些杂七杂八的货摊上,竟还摆放着一本《性的知识》,书的后面被老汉用钢笔把“0.32元”改为“0.45元”。黄昏,一个穿红裙子的姑娘匆匆走过我的窗前,她向四周瞥了一眼,丢下一元钱,拿起那本书,就红着脸跑开了。<br />
<br />
Near our door was a grocery vendor, who was in his fifties and wore a pair of glasses. One of his glasses legs was broken, so it was tied to his ears with a hemp rope. On those stalls with all kinds of matters, there was ''Knowledge of Sex'', which was surprising. At the back of the book, the old man changed 0.32 yuan to 0.45 yuan with a pen. At dusk, a girl in a red skirt hurried past my window, glanced around, dropped one yuan, picked up the book, and ran away with her face turning red.<br />
<br />
她们渴望了解世界,也渴望了解自身!<br />
<br />
They are eager to know the world and themselves!<br />
<br />
尽管还带着一点羞涩。<br />
<br />
Although they are a little shy.<br />
<br />
我看到老汉并未打算给姑娘找零钱,而是从屁股下的木箱里又拿出了一本《性的知识》,摆在原处,好像是唯一的一本。<br />
<br />
I saw that the old man did not intend to give the girl change, but took out another ''Knowledge of Sex'' from the wooden box under his ass and placed it on the original place. It seemed that this was the last one.<br />
<br />
文明,又被蒙上了不文明的尘埃。生活中的ー些事情,往往是这样以多种色调出现的。<br />
<br />
Civilizations get buried under layers of dust again. Some things in life often appear in various colors.<br />
<br />
村庄里的都市<br />
<br />
A City in the Village<br />
<br />
——金钱观念一瞥<br />
<br />
—The Introduction of Their concept of Money<br />
<br />
解放上海的时候,在广东同乡会门口的马路上,露天睡着我27军81师24I团 的一个年轻的机枪手,他有一米八的个子,打着绑腿,怀里抱着一挺“歪把子”。早晨醒来,他看到那高大的楼门上挂着一块牌子:“XX股份有限公司”。他好奇地问班长,那是干什么的?班长答不上;问排长,排长也答不上。后来得知,那是资本家集资做买卖......<br />
<br />
During the liberation of Shanghai, a young autorifleman from the 241 Regiment of the 81st Division of our 27th Corps fell asleep in the open air on the road at the entrance of Guangdong Townsmen Association. He was 1.8 meters tall, wearing puttees and holding a Type 11 light machine gun in his arms. When he woke up in the morning, he saw a sign hanging on the tall building door: "XX Co., Ltd.". He asked the monitor curiously. The monitor can't answer him and neither can the platoon leader. Later, he learned that it was capitalists who raised funds to do business...<br />
<br />
现在这个机枪手已经65岁了,他是孙陶大队“蔚阳农工商联合公司”总经 理——孙陶是烟台地区最早改为“公司”的大队。他毕竟不是当年的机枪手了,牙齿脱落,嘴巴瘪瘪的,有点像画中的“太上老君”,而他的改革的某些方面也带有封 建家长制的色彩。在“农工商联合公司”的牌子旁边,还挂着一块“村政府”的大牌子。他的穿戴也是几个时代混合着:上身着旧蓝布褂,下身穿军裤,脚上却跋拉着 泡沫拖鞋。左右上衣兜甩齐插ー支钢笔,显得不伦不类。窗外则同时传来机耕声和豆腐梆子声。<br />
<br />
Now this autorifleman is 65 years old. He is the general manager of Weiyang Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Joint Company of Sun Tao Brigade. Sun Tao was the first brigade to transform to company in Yantai City. After all, he was not the autorifleman of that year. His teeth fell out and his mouth was flat, which made him like the Daode Tianzun in the painting. Some aspects of his reform also had the color of feudal patriarchal system. Next to the sign of "Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Joint Company" was also a big sign of "Village Government". His dressing style was also a mixture of several times: he wore an old blue cloth jacket on the top, military trousers on the bottom, but wore foam slippers with his heels crushing the back of them. It was neither fish nor fowl to put a pen in the left and right upper pockets respectively. Outside the window, there was the sound of tractor ploughing and using wood blocks to sell tofu.<br />
<br />
“老李呀,一句话,我抓钱!过去咱总怕钱烧手,现在重点搞经济建设,这个观 念不转不行!我现在四个经理部:农业经理部、エ副业加工经理部、商业经理部、供 销经理部。农业经理部下设机械、饲养、技术队、林业队、二林队、鸡场、菜园子、花 场……エ副业加工部下设木业、石子场、预制件厂、面粉厂、挂面厂、铸造厂、刀具 厂、酿造厂……商业经理部下设中医、缝纫、塑料厂、冷食店、浴池、饭店、商店、糕 点、面包厂、水果、牙科诊所、照相馆……应有尽有,我要把孙陶建成个小城市,小上海。”我赞同地说:“你这里成了村庄里的都市了 !”<br />
<br />
"Old Li, in a word, I make money! In the past, we were always afraid that money burns a hole in our pocket, but now we focus on economic development. As a result, we have to change our concept! Now I have four management departments: agricultural management department, sideline processing management department, commercial management department, and supply and marketing management department. Agricultural management department consists of machinery, feeding, technical team, forestry team, chicken farm, vegetable garden, flower farm... The sideline processing department consists of wood industry, gravel field, prefabricated parts factory, flour factory, fine dried noodles factory, foundry, tool factory and brewery... The commercial management department consists of Chinese medicine, sewing, plastic factory, cold food shop, public bath, restaurant, shop, pastry, bread factory, fruit stalls, dental clinic and photo studio... I have everything. I want to transform Sun Tao into a small city like Shanghai." I agreed and said," It has become a city in the village! "<br />
<br />
他接下去:“你刚オ去洗澡了,我那个浴池怎么样?比你们济南不差吧!花了9万块!全是瓷砖铺地,从这里到黄县25里,到蓬莱40里,没有浴池!现在两毛五一个票,社员不用到河沟里洗澡了。青年妇女最愿意洗澡了,她们愿干净,过去都在晚上到河里洗一洗。凡来洗澡的人都说这是个好事!”<br />
<br />
He went on: "You just went to take a bath. How about my public bath? It's not worse than that in Jinan, right? It costs 90,000 yuan! The rooms are all paved with ceramic tiles. There is no public bath 25 miles from here to Huangxian County and 40 miles to Penglai! Now, with a ticket of 25 cents, members don't have to take a bath in the river ditch. Young women are most willing to take a bath because they want to be clean. They used to take a bath in a river at night. Everyone who comes to take a bath says public bath is a good thing! "<br />
<br />
“牙科、照相、水果这些小门面能盈多少利?”<br />
<br />
"How much profit can these small stores like dental clinic, photo studio and fruit stalls make?"<br />
<br />
“盈利不多,可碎金子也是金子呀!我的包子铺商号叫‘半分利’,它有吸引 力,喝茶水不要钱,都愿来。茶水喝多了,刮肚子,肚子空落落的,就要吃包子,不吃 包子,尿尿也是咱的肥料。别看这个小店,一年纯利润ー万四五千。”<br />
<br />
"There is not much profit, but it doesn’t matter! My Baozi shop is called Half Profit, which is attractive. It’s free for drinking tea, so everyone wants to come here. If you drink too much tea, you’ll feel hungry, so you’ll buy our Baozi. Even though you don’t buy it, your urine is also our fertilizer. Don't ignore this small shop, the annual net profit is 14,500 yuan."<br />
<br />
老经理好动,坐在沙发上讲着,不时探出身子拍打一下我的脚面:<br />
<br />
The old manager was hyperactive, sitting on the sofa, talking, and leaning out from time to time to pat my feet:<br />
<br />
“人是钱架的,鳖是水架的。过去是越穷越革命,老鹰拴在鳖脖子上,有能耐也 飞不起来！现在,为了抓钱,我还搞了个’集体入股’。最小十元一股,多者千元一股。农民攒钱怕人,这样入股,提高了集体主义思想,他觉得公司也有他的一份。 我带头入了一万元的股。股金分红按四六。彭真讲'把社会上资金集中起来,长期使用’,做事要有上面精神,打起官司来有说头。’肥水不外流’嘛！我还向你们牟平李德海介绍过这个法儿。”<br />
<br />
"Water is to turtles what money is to people. In the past, we were poor but we worked hard to reform, just like the eagle who was tied to the neck of the turtle, could not fly though it was capable! Now, in order to raise fund, I also promote collective ownership. You can buy a stock with 10 yuan at the minimum, or you can buy a stock with over 1,000 yuan. Taking shares in this way improves collectivism for farmers saving money are worried that others will steal their money. They feels that the company also has their shares. I took the lead to become a shareholder by buying stocks with 10,000 yuan. We’ll split the money forty-sixty. Peng Zhen once said, 'Pool the funds in the society and use them for a long time.' We should have the spirit of superiors so that we can find excuses when we start a lawsuit. 'Every miller draws water to his own mill.'! I also introduced this method to Li Dehai, your home folks in Muping."<br />
<br />
我说:“这种做法合适吗?”<br />
<br />
I said, "Is this appropriate?"<br />
<br />
他并不理会我:“上头财政把得那么死,我们自己为什么不能搞活点?反正在这个小村里我说了算。不宾（佩）服?谁的老婆在家干吗我都知道！我宾服李德 海这个人,有经济头脑。前ー阵子传谣言,说李德海被抓起来了,罪名是什么?’强奸妇女’!当时我就不信。”他忽然压低声音,“别说他那么大的家业忙得没有心思,就是有那个心思,像他这样的英雄还用强奸?……”<br />
<br />
He didn’t answer this question: "The requirements of finance are so rigid, so why can't we be flexible?" Anyway, I have the final say in this small village. People all admire me! I even know what other’s wife is doing at home! I respect that Li Dehai knows how to make money. A while ago, rumors spread that Li Dehai had been arrested. The crime is sex assault! I didn't believe it at that time." He suddenly lowered his voice," He is too busy in managing his own company. Even if he wants to rape a woman, a person like him needs to do that?..."<br />
<br />
对这话,我只能报以苦笑。<br />
<br />
To this, I can only laugh bitterly.<br />
<br />
神秘的登州商行<br />
<br />
A Mysterious Trading Company in Dengzhou<br />
<br />
——信息观念及其他<br />
<br />
—Information Concept and Other Things<br />
<br />
如果有人每年花3万元租金在城里租一层宾馆,你一定会感到不可思议,如果这个人是一个走出磨道的农民,那你更会惊奇不已！<br />
<br />
If someone spends 30,000 yuan a year to rent a hotel in the city, you will feel incredible. If this person is a farmer who walks out of the mill, you will be even more surprised!<br />
<br />
这是乡下农民进城办的ー个商行。宾馆门口“登州商行”四个钢铁铸的大字, 是花800元从青岛请了著名书法家写的。曾几何时,高晓声笔下的陈奂生在县城的宾馆里闹出了一通又一通的笑话,这个“登州商行”里是否还有陈奂生这样的农民呢?<br />
<br />
This is a trading company run by rural farmers coming to cities. The four big characters of "Dengzhou Trading Company" at the entrance of the hotel were written by a famous calligrapher invited from Qingdao by spending 800 yuan. Once upon a time, Chen Huansheng, a character in a work written by Gao Xiaosheng, made a fool of himself again and again in hotels of county towns. Is there a farmer like Chen Huansheng in this trading company?<br />
<br />
我在这个商行的总经理室见到的第一个人物是位20岁出头的姑娘,她叫吴鸿岩,圆胖胖的脸,扎两个把把,眉眼中带有农村姑娘的憨厚和灵秀。<br />
<br />
The first person I met in the general manager's office of this trading company was a girl in her early twenties. She was Wu Hongyan, with a round chubby face and two braids. From her appearance, I could find the characteristics of a rural girl, simple and smart.<br />
<br />
我进门时,她正俯在ー个大书案上从四十多份报刊中检索,把有关商品信息的 部分剪贴起来。有些报刊是我从来没见过的:《上海译报》《上海物资市场》《致富报》《市场周报》《经济预测》《农村金融》《深圳特区报》《湖南经济报》……<br />
<br />
When I entered the door, she was leaning over a large desk, searching from more than 40 newspapers and periodicals, and cutting and pasting some information about commodities. Some newspapers and periodicals I have never seen before: ''Shanghai Translation Newspaper'', ''Shanghai Material Market'', ''Success Newspaper'', ''Market Daily'', ''Economic Forecast'', ''Rural Finance'', ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'', and ''Hunan Economic Newspaper''...<br />
<br />
“你是秘书吗?”我发问。<br />
<br />
"Are you the secretary?" I asked.<br />
<br />
“没有那么大,是文书。”她赧然一笑。<br />
<br />
"No, I’m not a high-ranking member. I’m a clerk." She smiled bashfully.<br />
<br />
当知道我是职业创作员时,她竟和我从文学角度探讨起社会问题:“你说现在农民身上有没有阿Q精神?”<br />
<br />
When she knew that I was a professional creator, she discussed social problems with me from a literary point of view: "Do you think there is Ah Q spirit in farmers now?"<br />
<br />
我一下子回答不上来。<br />
<br />
I can't answer it at once.<br />
<br />
她认真地说:“我一直在想这个问题。阿Q精神是有的。农民和土地绑在一块儿,受了欺侮也走不出去,就得自己安慰自己。有时候没有阿Q精神就活不 下去。”<br />
<br />
She said seriously, "I have been thinking about this question. I think they have Ah Q spirit. Farmers have strong relationships with the land, and they can't go to other places after being bullied, so they have to comfort themselves. Sometimes they can't live without Ah Q spirit."<br />
<br />
这话不是在《文艺报》组织的农村题材座谈会上,而是出自一个穷乡僻壤的农村姑娘之口!<br />
<br />
This was not at the symposium on rural themes organized by Wen yi bao (Literature and Art Newspaper), but from a rural girl in the backcountry!<br />
<br />
她的哥哥吴鸿康走进来了,他是这个商行的副经理,也一起参与“农民政治经济学”的讨论:“农村有些干部很像’土皇帝’!责任制某种意义上就是分散他们的权力,冲破旧的组合!为什么责任制受到群众那么拥护?不值得干部思考吗?我们为什么进城?就是为了摆脱大队给我们的束缚！人挪活,树挪死。我们出来不是为挣钱的,为了干一番事业给他们看看!”<br />
<br />
Her older brother Wu Hongkang, deputy manager of this firm, came in and also participated in the discussion of peasant political economy: "Some rural cadres are very similar to local tyrants! In a sense, the responsibility system is to disperse their power and break through old patterns! Why is the responsibility system so supported by the masses? Isn't it worth thinking about by cadres? Why are we in town? Because we want to get rid of the shackles given to us by the brigade! Trees will die when moved, but people will become more alive. We didn't come out to earn money, but to show them our achievements!"<br />
<br />
吴鸿岩插话说:“农民进城办商行,免不了带有农民的痕迹。有了成绩容易满足,遇到挫折容易灰心丧气,办事不讲效率,拖拖拉拉。我们总经理对职员要求:农民进城必须去掉农民意识,搞商品流通,散漫不行。现在是信息时代,一些农民的旧习气不改,根本搞不好商品生产和商品流通。光蓬莱,我们这样的商行就有九 家,农民办的就有三家,竞争很厉害,不抓紧能行吗?我们搞正规化,每天五点半起床,跑步;六点钟回来,自学半个小时;七点开饭;七点半上班;中午十一点半下班……晚上九点又和全国各地办事处打电话,互通信息。”<br />
<br />
Wu Hongyan interjected: "When farmers go to cities to run a trading company, they will inevitably show the characteristics of farmers. For example, It is easy for them to satisfy with achievements, to be frustrated when encountering setbacks, to be inefficient and procrastinating. Our general manager asked the staff that farmers must get rid of bad habits of farmers when entering the city, because being lax won’t help commodity circulation. Now it is the information age, so commodity production and circulation will not be possible at all, if some farmers' old habits will not be changed. In Penglai alone, there are nine trading companies like ours and three run by farmers. The competition is fierce. Can we do it without working hard? We establish routines for them. They should get up and run at 5:30 every day; Come back at six o'clock and self-study for half an hour; Dinner is served at seven o'clock; Go to work at 7:30; Get off work at 11:30 noon... and call offices all over the country at 9:00 p.m. to exchange information."<br />
<br />
神秘的登州商行！<br />
<br />
Mysterious Dengzhou Trading Company!<br />
<br />
总经理侯日超出场了,夹着黑色皮包,穿着一身笔挺的西服,他40岁出头,方 方的额头,深深的眼窝,尖下巴,眼角有道道血丝,脸上表情淡漠,却隐示着ー种坚 毅。这个农民似乎是从地平线下突然冒出来的,不,确切地说,他是从土地里走出 来的,他大胆地割断了与土地的“脐带”,把承包的16亩责任田,全部转包给别人, 只要转包户每年向他全家每人提供200斤小麦、100斤花生,他用国家牌价购买,而 他和妻子都投身于这个商行的工作。他走出土地,同时也走出了自己的历史。作为ー个农民,他推过车,挑过担子, 整过“大寨田”,当过生产队长,还曾被评选为民兵“学习毛主席著作积极分子”。他好读书,好文娱,好搞创新性的玩意儿。当瓦匠,半年就掌尺,因为老瓦匠们舍不得花钱买工具,而他知道石家庄的泥板是最好的。村里搞剧团,他鼓鼓捣捣,组织起十来个人的小乐队。“文革”开始他又学会扎针,社员有个头痛脑热,不上公社医院,来找他。1983年承包橡胶厂,发了财,三个支部委员和一个大队长,天天去抢账,他一气之下走出了村庄……<br />
<br />
Hou Richao, the general manager, wearing a black trim suit, came. He was in his early 40s, with a square forehead, deep eye sockets, pointed chin, bloodshot eyes, and indifferent expression on his face, which showed a kind of perseverance. The farmer seemed to have popped up from below the horizon. No, to be exact, he came out of the land. He boldly cut off the "umbilical cord" with the land and subcontracted all the contracted 16 mu of land to others. As long as the subcontractor provided 200 kg of wheat and 100 kg of peanuts to his whole family every year, he bought them at the national quotation, so he and his wife devoted themselves to the work of this company. He walked out of the land and also out of his own history. As a farmer, he pushed cars, shouldered burdens, learn from Dazhai in agriculture" Campaign, worked as a production captain, and was once selected as an "activist in studying Chairman Mao's works" as a militia. He likes reading, entertainment activities and engaging in innovative things. When he was a bricklayer, he knew how to know the size in half a year, because the old bricklayers were reluctant to spend money on tools, but he knew that the clay tablets in Shijiazhuang were the best. When the village set up a troupe, he organized a small band of about a dozen people. At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, he learned acupuncture. Members who had a headache or fever didn't go to the commune hospital but came to him for help. In 1983, he contracted a rubber factory and made a fortune, so three branch members and a team leader went to take his credit every day. As a result, he left the village in anger...<br />
<br />
<br />
现在登州商行有四十多个职工,大都是在村里待得压抑的农民。侯日超一跃成为商行经理,下分经理办公室、供销科、总务科、财务科、信息科、工业科,现在分别在大连、沈阳、天津、北京、上海、青岛、哈尔滨等大城市派设有办事处和信息员。<br />
<br />
At present, there are more than 40 employees in Dengzhou Trading Company, most of which are depressed farmers in the village. Hou Richao has become the manager of it, and the company is divided into manager's office, supply and marketing department, general affairs department, finance department, information department and industry department. Now he has offices and information officers in Dalian, Shenyang, Tianjin, Beijing, Shanghai, Qingdao, Harbin and other metropolises.<br />
<br />
信息观念在他们身上的建立,使我惊叹不已。<br />
<br />
I am amazed at their information concept.<br />
<br />
“搞商品流通,必须到经济发达的地方去办,经济发达的地方文化也发达,文化 发达的地方,消费也发达,这样才能正确地了解市场。过去是秀才不出门,便知天下事,那是靠读书,现在光靠书本不行了,等书印出来,什么信息也晚了三秋。现在信息手段很多,电话、电报、广播、报纸、电视、联络网、社会交往。生产カ发展的历史,就是交往不断扩大的历史……马克思讲人与人之间的关系,是经济基础的核心,只有有了人与人之间的关系,才能去创造财富。现在我们采用了广泛联系的方针,在经济学上叫'广泛联合’,我们在这里是经营中心,在全国伸出了若干条腿, 借助各地大中心,发挥咱小中心的作用。这叫’经济横向联系’。”他随手撕下ー张 印刷的信息调查报告表,说,“在外的办事员、信息员、供销员定期ー个月寄回两 次。”这表上有物品种类、价格、规格型号、数量、信息编号、市场形势、预测分析,“我们还准备搞密码,考虑到经济信息要保密。我们还聘请了法律顾问、经济顾问、政策顾问。”<br />
<br />
"To engage in commodity circulation, we must go to economically developed places, where culture is also developed, and in the places where culture is developed, there is higher consumption level. Therefore, in these places, we can correctly understand the market. In the past, scholars knew what was going on in the world without going out, which depended on reading. Now, reading books alone can't do it. When books are printed, any information will be late. Nowadays, there are many means of information, such as telephone, telegraph, radio, newspaper, television, contact network and social communication. The history of production development is the history of expanding communication... Marx said that the relationship between people is the core of economic foundation, and only with the relationship between people can wealth be created. Now we have adopted the policy of extensive ties, or extensive alliance in economics. We are the business center here, stretching out a number of legs throughout the country, and playing the role of our small centers with the help of big centers in various places. This is called lateral economic ties." He tore off a printed information investigation report and said, "The clerks, information officers and supply and marketing staff who are outside regularly send it back twice a month." This form contained the type, price, specification, quantity, information number, market situation and forecast analysis of goods. "Considering that economic information should be kept confidential, we are also going to study cryptography. We have also hired legal advisers, economic advisers and policy advisers."<br />
<br />
在我面前的,绝不是“闰土”和“陈奂生”了 !<br />
<br />
In front of me, it was by no means Run Tu and Chen Huansheng (they are two characters in novels)!<br />
<br />
我顺手抓起一份信息剪报,在“山东莱芜羊里公社,可收获优质大蒜4万斤寻求销路”这一段文字下面有红笔标示。<br />
<br />
I grabbed an information clipping conveniently, and there was a red pen mark under the paragraph "In Yangli Commune, Laiwu, Shandong Province, you can harvest 40,000 jin of high-quality garlic, which are waiting to be sold".<br />
<br />
“你们准备买大蒜吗?”我问。<br />
<br />
"Are you going to buy garlic?" I asked.<br />
<br />
“香港八汇有限公司找我们订了 300吨,照国家外贸价。”<br />
<br />
"Hong Kong Bahui Co., Ltd. ordered 300 tons of garlic from us and will pay us at the national foreign trade price."<br />
<br />
“他们去莱芜联系过了吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have they gone to Laiwu to ask this thing?"<br />
<br />
“没有。大蒜价格还要落,现在去联系价格不好商量。”<br />
<br />
"No. The price of garlic is still falling. It is not easy to determine the price now."<br />
<br />
“你何以预测出大蒜要落价?”<br />
<br />
"How did you predict that garlic would fall in price?"<br />
<br />
“第一个信息,今年蒜薰多,蒜薰丰收,大蒜也必然丰收。现在买是我们求他,将来买是他来求我!”<br />
<br />
"The first information is that this year's garlic scapes are abundant, so garlic will be abundant. If we buy it now, we will be at a disadvantage, but if we buy it in the future, they will be at a disadvantage! "<br />
<br />
其机敏可见一斑。<br />
<br />
His cleverness can be seen.<br />
<br />
“我们搞的代购代销,是商品流通的一种形式,是市场调节的手段。现在我们 也考虑办工厂,先上纸箱厂、饮料厂、瓷雕厂、裘装厂——这个是和外商合办的。还 准备买专利……等到1985年可以打个漂亮仗,纯收入拿500万,向国家提供600 万元税收。蓬莱缺大旅馆,外国人来了还要回烟台去住。我们准备盖个十三层的高级旅馆,要有占地100亩的高尔夫球场,将来蓬莱以它特有的条件一蓬莱阁成 为烟台的贸易中心,吸引外商。他不了解你这些人,怎么投资?”<br />
<br />
"Purchasing overseas products for others and consignment are forms of commodity circulation and a means of market regulation. Now we are also considering the establishment of factories, including carton factory, beverage factory, porcelain carving factory and fur factory. The fur factory is jointly organized with foreign businessmen. I'm also going to buy patents... By 1985, I can make great achievements, with a net income of 5 million yuan and a tax of 6 million yuan to the country. Penglai has no big hotels, so foreigners have to go back to Yantai to live when they come. Therefore, we are going to build a high-class hotel with 13 floors and a golf course covering an area of 100 mu. In the future, Penglai will become the trade center of Yantai with its unique building—Penglai Pavilion, attracting foreign businessmen. If they don't know you people, how can they invest money? "<br />
<br />
他回身用拇指指指墙上的彩色挂历,那是一幅夏威夷海滩浴场的照片:“你看 这夏威夷海滨,我们蓬莱为什么不能搞成这样?”<br />
<br />
He turned around and pointed to the colorful calendar, a photo of Hawaii a seaside resort, on the wall with his thumb: "Look at it. Why can't Penglai be like this?"<br />
<br />
他的笑容中或有当年“乐队队长”的率直和快乐。<br />
<br />
His smile may have the frankness and happiness of the band leader of that year.<br />
<br />
“中国的革命,在某种意义上说是农民的革命,可是农民还没有得到应有的利 益。三中全会解决了这个问题,现在政策允许你的思维发展。过去在农村是智力 高的伺候智力低的。古话说:出头椽子先烂,烂也是ー辈子。不要珍惜你的生命, 一千岁又怎么样?要珍惜社会贡献……有人说我们吹牛X。随他!过去说吹牛X不纳税,现在吹牛X得纳税,不信试试!”<br />
<br />
"China's revolution is the farmers’ revolution in a sense, but they have not yet got the benefits they deserve. The Third Plenary Session solved this problem, and now the policy allows you to think out of the box. In the past, people in the countryside with high intelligence served people with low intelligence. As the old saying goes, "If you stick your head out, you may be at a lifetime risk." Don't cherish your life. Who cares if you can live a very long time? We should cherish our social contributions... Some people say we are full of hot air. Who cares! In the past, it was said that bragging did not pay taxes, but now bragging has to pay taxes. If you don't believe it, just try it!"<br />
<br />
第四章在历史的接合部上<br />
<br />
Chapter 4 At the Junction of History<br />
<br />
是的,无数个瞬间,组成了人类历史的长河。<br />
<br />
Yes, countless moments constitute the long river of human history.<br />
<br />
历史学家在研究历史的时候,没有忽视“瞬间”这个历史的“微粒”。战争的决胜,国家的兴衰,在某个瞬间所引起的质变:项羽鸿门宴却步于樊哙之勇,司马懿一念败退于诸葛亮的空城计,希特勒对盟军诺曼底登陆之失算……历史往往在某个瞬间悄悄地开始了一个时代。国家、民族的命运是这样,个人的命运也是这样。但历史毕竟是个记忆衰退的老人,它向后人叙述的,大都是些概念,而文学,却需要到光阴之河里去捕捞无数充满感情色彩的细节,组成它的艺术生命。趁历史还没有走远,我们还来得及去回首看一看那打着时代变革印记的无数个瞬间。<br />
<br />
When historians study history, they do not ignore the moments, which constitute the long river of human history. The decisive victory of a war, the rise and fall of a country, and the qualitative changes caused by a certain moment can be seen in history. Xiang Yu's Feast at Swan Goose Gate was discouraged from Fan Kuai's courage. Sima Yi failed because of Zhuge Liang's Empty Fort Strategy. Hitler made mistakes about his allied forces’ Normandy landings... History often quietly started an era at a certain moment. This is the fate of a country and a nation, and so is the fate of an individual. However, history is an old man with declining memory, and most of what he narrates to future generations are concepts. But if we want to know literature, we need to go to the river of time to salvage countless emotional details to form its artistic life. While history has not gone far, we still have time to look back and see the countless moments marked by the changes of the times.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他们像没娘的孩子<br />
<br />
At That Moment, They Were Like Motherless Children<br />
<br />
——困惑篇<br />
<br />
—Confusion<br />
<br />
“辛辛苦苦30年,一夜回到解放前！呜呜呜……”<br />
<br />
"After 30 years of hard work, The situation is changed into that before liberation overnight! Boohoo..."<br />
<br />
烟台地区责任制的巨大闸门终于被撬动起来之时,在栖霞县ー个山沟的野夼大队办公室里,7个党支部委员对着毛主席的画像伤心地哭了起来。<br />
<br />
When the huge gate of the responsibility system in Yantai area was finally opened, seven Party branch members in the Yekuang brigade office of a ravine in Qixia County cried sadly at the portrait of Chairman Mao.<br />
<br />
他们平均55岁,7个人中有6个当过八路军、3个二等残疾军人一个个是共 产党的忠诚战士。这里是革命老区,许世友司令员曾住在附近的东下布。他们给子弟兵缝过军装,养过伤员……是社会主义救了这个旧社会有名的“叫花子布”，今天有了果园,有了水库,有了马车,有了柴油机和拖拉机……<br />
<br />
They were 55 years old on average. Six of the seven have worked in the Eighth Route Army, and three were second-class disabled soldiers. All of them were loyal fighters of the Communist Party. This was an old revolutionary base area, and Commander Xu Shiyou once lived in Dongxiabu nearby. They sewed military uniforms for their soldiers and raised the wounded... It was socialism that saved the famous backcountry in the old society. Today, there are orchards, reservoirs, carriages, diesel engines and tractors...<br />
<br />
这些家业,都是他们听毛主席的话带领群众创出来的。今天毛主席订的某些章程要更改了,是在他老人家已经不在了的时候……<br />
<br />
These possessions were created by them who led masses and followed Chairman Mao. Today, some constitutions made by Chairman Mao have to be changed when he has gone...<br />
<br />
“呜呜呜……”老年人的哭声是悲怆的。<br />
<br />
"Boohoo..." They wailed.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他痛苦地否定了自己<br />
<br />
At That Moment, He Painfully Denied Himself<br />
<br />
——省悟篇<br />
<br />
—Enlightenment<br />
<br />
这是个倔老头儿!<br />
<br />
This is a stubborn old man!<br />
<br />
他很少服输。“文化大革命”中一连斗了他33次,在黄县,造反派都说他磨山 迟家是“小台湾”,而他迟本达,就是顽固不化的“蒋光头”。在批斗大会上,“造反派”踢他一脚,他当即回敬一拳,硬是把“造反派”给打散了。后来,他磨山迟家成了“红色革命根据地”,县里的老干部,干社会主义的“铁柱子”,每天有几百人在这里吃饭。现在他大小机械100多台,汽车3辆,拖拉机6台,果园!000亩,还搞不过你的“大包干”?他有空就悄悄往邻队地里一蹲,不是去学习,而是挑刺儿。<br />
<br />
He seldom admitted defeat. During the Cultural Revolution, he experienced struggle sessions 33 times in a row. In Huang County, the rebels said that residents in the Moshanchijia village was Taiwanese, and he Chi Benda was the stubborn Chiang Kai-Shek. During the struggle session, when the rebels kicked him, he immediately responded with a punch, which dealt a blow to them. Later, this village became a revolutionary base; the Chi family became veteran cadre in the county and the backbone of socialism. Hundreds of people eat there every day. Now he has more than 100 machines, large and small, 3 cars, 6 tractors and 1000 mu of orchards. Isn’t it better than the household responsibility system? When he was free, he quietly appeared in the neighboring team, not to study, but to find fault.<br />
<br />
和共和国同龄的县委书记杜世成,苦口婆心来劝说:“还是搞责任制好,700户社员,就有700个’队长’,专业化、社会化是今后的方向。”<br />
<br />
Du Shicheng, secretary of the county party committee, was born in 1949, when the People’s Republic of China was found. He did his best to convince Chi and said: "It is better to engage in the household responsibility system. There are 700 captains for 700 households. Specialization and socialization are the future direction."<br />
<br />
老头儿不服劲儿,又不得不做出样子,把大锅饭改成“中锅饭”,ー个大队分成 两个,12个生产队分成了 24个生产组,中央不是说“多种形式”吗?<br />
<br />
The old man disagreed with him, but had to pretend to comply with his instructions, so he changed food prepared in a large canteen into food prepared in a medium-sized canteen. Besides, one brigade was divided into two, and 12 production teams were divided into 24 production groups. After all, the central government said they could introduce various forms.<br />
<br />
年底公社列表张榜,挂到会议室正面墙上,迟本达不敢过去正视,因为磨山迟家这个一向当“领头雁”的,一下子变成了尾巴梢子,简直令人不敢相信,却又是千真万确的事实!<br />
<br />
At the end of the year, the commune list was posted and hung on the front wall of the conference room. Chi Benda did not dare to face it up, because Chi's family, who has always taken the lead, suddenly performed bad, which was unbelievable, but was also real!<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,老头子垂下了白花花的脑袋,却装着用手去搔头……<br />
<br />
At that moment, the old man hung down his head with gray hair, but he pretended to scratch his head with his hands...<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他失明的双目透进了阳光<br />
<br />
At That Moment, His Blind Eyes Feel Sunshine<br />
<br />
——信仰篇<br />
<br />
—Faith<br />
<br />
掖县是烟台地区的“西南大门”,紧挨着责任制搞得较早的昌潍地区。当初有的领导同志曾提出:“掖县要挡住西南风!”<br />
<br />
Ye County is the southwest gate of Yantai City, and it is next to Changwei area where the household responsibility system was established earlier. At the beginning, some leading comrades once said: "Ye County should block the southwest wind!"<br />
<br />
一个双目失明的瘦小老人点着一根七尺长的竹竿走出来了,他是掖县过西乡徐家大队的当家人徐斌。这个双目失明的人当了30多年支部书记,他用一根竹竿探路,带着全村600多户人家,两千多口子人,从昨天走到今天。<br />
<br />
A skinny old man who was blind came out with a seven-chi bamboo pole. He was Xu Bin, the head of Xu family brigade in Guoxi Township, Ye County. This blind man has been a branch secretary for more than 30 years. He used a bamboo pole to explore the way and took more than 600 households and more than 2,000 people in the village from the past to the present.<br />
<br />
一切都是摸索过来的。这或许反映了中国农民在特殊条件下的历史进程!<br />
<br />
He explored everything, which may reflect the historical process of Chinese farmers under special conditions!<br />
<br />
他是怎样把徐家大队领成一个“先进”啊一竹竿上刻着尺寸,翻过的地,他 要逐块去量一量,看是否够深度。社员剜谷苗,他要去摸一摸稀疏。到后来,有的社员锄地光锄地头,糊弄他这个瞎汉,他检查生产,不得不点着ー根竹竿,向青纱帐深处走去。过去,这一些被当作先进事迹,在各种会议上介绍,那其实是ー种多么深刻的悲剧,一种多么令人痛心的象征! !<br />
<br />
How did he lead the Xu family brigade into an advanced brigade? A bamboo pole was engraved with dimensions, so he had to measure the land one by one to see if it was deep enough. When members cut the grain seedlings, he was going to feel whether they were sparse. Later, some members only hoed in edge of a field to fool him because he was blind. Therefore, when he checked production, he had to walk with his bamboo pole to the depths of green fields. In the past, these were regarded as advanced deeds and introduced at various conferences. What a profound tragedy and a sad symbol!!<br />
<br />
他率先实行了生产责任制。用竹竿捅破那长期以来形成的不符合实际情况的固有观念!<br />
<br />
He took the lead in implementing the production responsibility system, so he eliminated the inherent concept that has taken root for a long time and did not conform to the actual situation with his bamboo pole!<br />
<br />
他率先发展了商品生产,办起了糖厂、面粉加工厂、冰库（这是我见到的第一座 农民冰库）、修配厂……<br />
<br />
He spearheaded the commodity production, like a sugar factory, a flour processing factory, an icehouse (this was the first farmer icehouse I have seen) and a repair factory...<br />
<br />
他不能看电影,却在全公社修起了第一座带座位的农民影院;他不能看书,却 办起了有数千册藏书的图书馆;他没有孩子在身边,却修起了连联合国的考察团也为之咋舌的幼儿园。<br />
<br />
He was unable to watch movies, but he built the first farmer cinema with seats in the whole commune. He was unable to read books, but he has set up a library with thousands of books. He had no children around, but he has built a kindergarten that even amazed the United Nations delegation.<br />
<br />
他看不见色彩,却在创造着彩色的生活！<br />
<br />
He can't see color, but he was creating a colorful life!<br />
<br />
王济夫带着《烟台日报》的总编辑刘鹏雁来到这里,激动不已,对总编辑说: “掖县有了领头人,发个头条!”<br />
<br />
When Wang Jifu came here with Liu Pengyan, editor-in-chief of Yantai Daily, he was excited and said to the editor-in-chief: "Ye County has a leader, so let’s make him hit the headlines!"<br />
<br />
理解,你是阳光,把心灵的阴影驱散。<br />
<br />
Understanding is sunshine, dispelling the shadow of a soul.<br />
<br />
徐斌像保存家珍似的把这份剪报贴在一个本子上。<br />
<br />
Xu Bin pasted this newspaper clipping on a notebook like keeping a family treasure.<br />
<br />
“还有磁带,是中央电台录制的,我拿给你听听。”他瞎瞎摸摸,挪动着瘦瘦的身躯,哼着小调,把磁带装到录音机里,按动开关,于是,关于他生命的信息,从女广播员那脆亮而充满感情的播音中传达出来:<br />
<br />
"There is also a tape, which was recorded by the central radio station. I will show it to you." He fumbled, moved his thin body, hummed a tune, loaded the tape into the tape recorder, and turned it on. So the message about his life was conveyed from the crisp and emotional voice of a female announcer:<br />
<br />
“《当你回首往事的时候》……”<br />
<br />
"When you look back..."<br />
<br />
我坐在他的侧面,看到他仍然沉浸在广播员那动情的朗诵之中。我看到了黑镜片后面那畸形的深陷的眼窝,像两个喷发过岩浆的火山口,他的嘴在微微翕动着。仅存无几的睫毛上沾着水汽,红红的眼窝噙满了泪水,那心灵的潮汛终于汇集成一股水流,向下淌去……<br />
<br />
I sat on his side and saw that he was still immersed in the emotional recitation of the announcer. I saw behind the black glasses the deformed, sunken eye sockets, like two craters of lava, and his mouth moved slightly. His eyelashes that had not been much left were covered by a layer of saturated vapour of water, and the red eye sockets were full of tears. Finally, his tears, the vent to his soul, fell down...<br />
<br />
我上车时,他伸出瘦瘦的手来向前摸索着,我知道他是在寻找我,要和我握别。<br />
<br />
When I got into the car, he stretched out his thin hand and groped forward. I knew he was looking for me because he wanted to shake my hands at parting.<br />
<br />
我握着他的手,久久不愿松开。<br />
<br />
I held his hands and refused to let go for a long time.<br />
<br />
在这一瞬间我想到:痛苦在于我们这些不失明的人,让一个失明的战士为我们探路！<br />
<br />
At this moment, I thought that the pain lies in us who were not blind, because we let a blind soldier explore the way for us!<br />
<br />
他是在用心看着道路。<br />
<br />
He looked at the way with his heart, not his eyes.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他求告无望,横下一条心<br />
<br />
At That Moment, He Failed to Receive Help, So He Determined to Do Something<br />
<br />
——励志篇<br />
<br />
—An Inspirational Story<br />
<br />
笑容,你来得是那么容易的吗?<br />
<br />
Smile, is it so easy for you to come?<br />
<br />
谭绪佑离开“大锅饭”时也感到过无所适从,过去的一切都是队上的“父母官”包揽,现在,他这瘦巴巴、一头卷发的汉子要自己去闯生活之路。<br />
<br />
Tan Xuyou felt at a loss when he no longer ate food prepared in a large canteen. In the past, everything was taken care of by members on the production team. Now, he, a thin man with curly hair, has to go his own way of life.<br />
<br />
到淄博去,嫂表弟建议他上个小作坊,生产“浮球式比重仪”,那是一家研究所设计的新产品。谭绪佑壮着胆子接回来试制,二十天后带着五只样品去了,研究所一鉴定,竟然惊奇不已:“这是你们搞的吗?国营厂三个月拿出来算快的!”<br />
<br />
When he went to Zibo, his cousin suggested that he go to a small workshop to produce floating ball hydrometer, which was a new product designed by a research institute. Tan Xuyou got the courage to have a trial production. After 20 days, he went with five samples. The institute identified them and was surprised: "Did you do this? It is fast for the state-owned factory to make them in three months!"<br />
<br />
“武宁电器厂”的牌子在这个偏远的滨海村庄挂起来了,赞同的目光,惊讶的目光,疑问的目光,嫉妒的目光都投向这个白漆黑字的木牌牌。<br />
<br />
The sign of "Wuning Electric Appliance Factory" was hung up in this remote coastal village. People looked at this wooden plaque white and black with admiration, surprise, suspicion or jealousy.<br />
<br />
一个夜晚,木牌牌不翼而飞。<br />
<br />
One night, the plaque disappeared.<br />
<br />
扛走木牌的人显然不是因为缺柴烧。<br />
<br />
It was obvious that those who carried away it were not short of firewood.<br />
<br />
木牌不值多少钱,可那是门面啊,打人还不打脸呢。<br />
<br />
Wooden plaque was not worth much money, but it represented the owner’s dignity. For example, if you hit others, you wouldn’t punch their face.<br />
<br />
谭绪佑去报告“父母官”,路上看到大队仓库的后窗被人撬了,他怀着对集体的感情,一并做了报告。<br />
<br />
Tan Xuyou went to report to the members on the production team. On the way, he saw that the rear window of the team warehouse had been pried. He cared for the team, so he also reported it.<br />
<br />
当天下午,队上的仓库后窗就派人钉上了,谭绪佑却在家等,等,等……<br />
<br />
In the afternoon, the rear window of the warehouse on the team was nailed, but Tan Xuyou waited at home for a long time...<br />
<br />
谭绪佑猛然省悟到什么,跺跺脚,自己做了一个沉甸甸的大铁牌子,焊上挂柱, 垒进墙里去了。<br />
<br />
Something suddenly dawned on Tan Xuyou, so he stamped his feet, made a heavy big iron sign, and welded the hanging column to build it into the wall.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他怒发冲冠,破门而出<br />
<br />
At That Moment, He Burst Out of the Door in A Rage<br />
<br />
——求索篇<br />
<br />
—Seeking<br />
<br />
是铁,就要经受锤炼。<br />
<br />
If it is iron, it must be tempered.<br />
<br />
有人向黄县平里院大队书记战学忠介绍,平陵县有一套设备,能使粉渣酿出酒来。<br />
<br />
Someone introduced to Zhan Xuezhong, secretary of Pingliyuan Brigade in Huang County, that Ping Ling County has a set of equipment, which can make wine from powder residue.<br />
<br />
年轻的书记被这桩便宜买卖迷住了,花五万元钱把这套设备买了下来,由那边派师傅帮助安装。<br />
<br />
The young secretary was fascinated by this cheap deal, so he spent 50,000 yuan to buy it and an employee there would help install it.<br />
<br />
一天、两天、三天……<br />
<br />
One day, two days, three days…<br />
<br />
一个月、两个月、三个月 <br />
<br />
One month, two months, three months...<br />
<br />
社员们眼巴巴地望着,等着出酒哩。<br />
<br />
The members watched eagerly, waiting for the wine to come out.<br />
<br />
可是酒总出不来。<br />
<br />
But the wine never came out.<br />
<br />
战学忠打电报叫对方厂长来,杳无讯息。<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong called the factory director, but there was no message.<br />
<br />
那天早上,忽然有人告诉战学忠:那两位“人质”跑了。<br />
<br />
That morning, someone suddenly told Zhan Xuezhong that the two "hostages" had run away.<br />
<br />
战学忠赶去ー看,果然人走屋空,留在酒厂的设备,成了一堆废铁!<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong rushed to see it. Sure enough, people left the house empty, and the equipment left in the winery became a pile of scrap metal!<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,战学忠血冲脑门,狠狠擂动着门板,他意识到被骗了。牵线人和平陵厂方合谋,把ー套毫无价值的设备坑给了他们。<br />
<br />
At that moment, Zhan Xuezhong was in a rage and severely beat the door panel when he realized that he had been cheated. The matchmaker conspired with the Pingling factory and gave them a set of worthless equipment.<br />
<br />
5万元哪,平里院的父老姊妹口挪肚省的血汗钱哪!<br />
<br />
50,000 yuan, the hard-earned money saved by the young and old in Pingliyuan!<br />
<br />
战学忠带着合同到县经济法庭控告,花15元钱打印了一份诉状,直奔平陵县。<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong took the contract to the county economic court, spent 15 yuan money to print a complaint, and went straight to Pingling County.<br />
<br />
平陵县的法庭庭长回家收责任田的小麦去了。<br />
<br />
The court president of it went home to collect wheat from the field he was responsible for.<br />
<br />
战学忠在旅馆等了七天,后来终于见到了法庭庭长,庭长说:“办成办不成,先交2500元的手续费,相当你损失的百分之五。”<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong waited in the hotel for seven days, and finally met the president of the court. The president said, "Whether it is successful or not, you should pay a handling fee of 2,500 yuan first, which is equivalent to 5% of your loss."<br />
<br />
他已几乎囊空如洗!<br />
<br />
He was almost broke!<br />
<br />
战学忠直接找到了工厂里,厂里的人告诉他,厂长换了,不能办!<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong directly went to the factory, and the employees in the factory told him that the factory director had been changed, so they could not help him!<br />
<br />
痛苦,已经超出了经济的范畴。<br />
<br />
The pain was not only derived from the lack of money.<br />
<br />
那个“一瞬间”成了一服明目的良药,使这个1978年オ认识火车的“乡巴佬”学会了商品生产的市场调查、信誉调查。<br />
<br />
That moment became a motivation for this hillbilly who knew the train to learn the market research and credit investigation of commodity production.<br />
<br />
北京王府井商场一块“电动剃须刀无货”的牌子,使他跑遍了南京、杭州、无锡、上海,亲自写出了一份三万言的电动剃须刀商品调查报告,接着把落满伤心泪的烧酒车间改成了电器车间,前后不到8个月。第一批电动剃须刀组装起来,拿到县里去鉴定,那些长着大胡子的局长、科长还不识其为何物！<br />
<br />
Seeing a sign of "Electric shavers are out of stock" in Wangfujing Shopping Mall in Beijing, he travelled all over Nanjing, Hangzhou, Wuxi and Shanghai, personally wrote a 30,000-word survey report on electric shavers, and then transformed the shochu workshop full of his sad memories into an electrical appliance workshop, which was less than 8 months before and after. When the first batch of electric shavers were assembled and taken to the county for identification, those bearded directors and section chiefs still didn't know what they were!<br />
<br />
平里院电器总厂的大牌子就这样堂而皇之地挂起来了。年产10万只,畅销11个省市,年获利润12万元。<br />
<br />
In this way, the big plaque of Pingliyuan Electric Appliance General Factory was hung up in public. The annual output was 100,000 in 11 provinces and cities, with an annual profit of 120,000 yuan.<br />
<br />
战学忠,这个曾受过骗的农民企业家两眼闪动着智慧之光,一边和我吃着自制的牛奶冰棍,一边给我讲着“企业经”和“做人经”。<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong, a farmer entrepreneur who has been deceived, had his eyes flashing with wisdom. While eating homemade milk popsicles with me, he told me how to run a successful enterprise and how to be a decent person.<br />
<br />
“我们乡镇企业是’游击队’,打一枪换一个地方。国营办一个厂子,光厂房连 批带盖得一两年,咱有间房子先干起来,等你厂房盖起来,咱产品又更新了。乡镇 企业,必须看市场什么最活,最快……市场变化一天一个样,甚至一个钟头一个样。 商品的竞争,是技术的竞争,信息的竞争,也是时间的竞争,有技术不用,转眼成了旧技术,一切都在更新换代。我们队办工业现在是由密集型到分散型——好多工序在社员家里……”<br />
<br />
"Our township enterprises are guerrillas, and they change a place after they fire a bullet. Approving and building a state-owned factory should take one or two years. When we have a house, we can work first, because when your factory is built, our products will be updated again. Township enterprises must know what is the most active and fastest in the market... The market changes every day, even every hour. Commodity competition is the competition of technology. The competition of information is also the competition of time. If there is technology that you don’t use, it will become old technology in an instant, because everything will be updated. Our brigade's business is now intensive and decentralized, which means many procedures are finished in the members' homes..." <br />
<br />
“咱平里院人是有志气的。县里调我我不去,不是干不了,也不是因为待遇,我舍不得这么多好群众。在我有生之年,一定要给他们闯出一条路来,让贫穷、愚昧的状况一去不复返,让那些为革命献出血和汗的群众不再寒心。现在大队二十六户烈属,每年补他们每户2000元。现在平里院再不是让人瞧不起的时候了。”<br />
<br />
"We Pingliyuan people are ambitious. It's not that I can't do it or because of the treatment when the county promoted me. I don’t want to start the new chapter of my life without so many good people. In my lifetime, I must find a way for them so that they can be free from poverty and ignorance forever, and let those people who shed blood and sweat for the revolution stop disappointed. Now the brigade’s twenty-six households whose families are martyrs will be compensated 2000 yuan per household every year. Now Pingliyuan has passed the time when it was looked down upon."<br />
<br />
第五章属于自己的日子<br />
<br />
Chapter 5 My Own Days<br />
<br />
1984年初夏,中南海紫光阁毗邻的ー间办公室里,我和人民文学杂志社的周 明同志、王南宁同志,以及女作家张洁,坐在一位长者的对面,听他谈农村体制改革 的有关问题。他讲话的时候,用手拨动着写字台上的一个玲珑的地球仪:<br />
<br />
In the early summer of 1984, in an office adjacent to Ziguangge Purple Chamber, Zhongnanhai, Comrade Zhou Ming, Wang Nanning of People's Literature, Zhang Jie, a female writer, and I sat opposite an elder and listened to him talking about the rural system reform. As he spoke, he rotated an exquisite globe on the desk with his hand:<br />
<br />
“如果说中国的农业改革出现了奇迹,它的秘密在什么地方?我认为在’家庭’两个字。这是逼出来的。现在我们千万不能把家庭经营的基础搞掉。从农业上来说,在发达国家,大量存在的是家庭农场。加拿大家庭农场占百分之九十以上,在美国,取得效益最大的也是家庭农场。社会的发展,还受家庭发展的制约。中国的基本国情是家庭这个细胞根深蒂固。几个家庭结合在一起,就不如一个家庭发展快……<br />
<br />
"If there is a miracle in China's agricultural reform, where is its secret? I think it lies in the word family. Because there is no choice. Now we must not get rid of the foundation of family management. In terms of agriculture, there are a large number of family farms in developed countries. Canadian family farms account for more than 90%, and in the United States, family farms have achieved the greatest benefits. The development of society is also restricted by family development. The basic national condition of China is that the family is deeply rooted. If several families are combined, they will not develop as fast as one family...<br />
<br />
“中国农村的自然半自然、自给半自给的传统经营方式,将要被摧毁。一个巨大的、繁荣的中国农村市场将要在世界上出现!<br />
<br />
"The natural, semi-natural, self-sufficient and semi-self-sufficient traditional business model in China's rural areas will be destroyed. A huge and prosperous Chinese rural market will appear in the world!"<br />
<br />
“太平洋经济时代将要到来!世界的经济重心将从欧洲移到亚洲。在中国将要出现一条黄金海岸……”<br />
<br />
"The Pacific economic era is coming! The economic center of gravity of the world will shift from Europe to Asia. There will be a gold coast in China..."<br />
<br />
他又转动了一下地球仪,世界在迅速地旋转着。<br />
<br />
He rotated the globe again, and the world was spinning rapidly.<br />
<br />
我踏着旋转的地球,从紫光阁下走进了胶东的一座座农屋……<br />
<br />
Stepping on the rotating earth, I walked into the farmhouses in Jiaodong from under Ziguangge...<br />
<br />
兄弟们<br />
<br />
Brothers<br />
<br />
——关于性文化<br />
<br />
—Sexual Culture<br />
<br />
国外一位学者说过,只有当一个男人和一个女人结合在一起的时候才是一个完整的人,这也许就是某些长期过独身生活的人为什么在个性上存有某种怪癖的原因。<br />
<br />
A foreign scholar said that only when a man and a woman are together, they become complete people, which may be the reason why some people who have lived celibacy for a long time have some quirks in personality.<br />
<br />
我见到已经40岁的满玉贵时,他刚从滑石坑里爬上来。这个滑石专业户身上沾着白色的滑石粉,坐在那里,没有笑容,没有表情,没有言语,只是闷头抽着烟——他已被生活的雕刀雕刻成一个早衰的“滑石人”！<br />
<br />
When I met Man Yugui, who was 40 years old, he had just climbed up from the talc pit. This talc specialist is stained with white talc powder, sitting there, without smile, expression or words, just smoking a cigarette—he has been carved into an early aging "talc man" by the carving knife of life!<br />
<br />
满家是有名的“光棍堂”,兄弟三个,加一个老父亲。三间草屋住着四个光棍, 没有空间容纳异性。<br />
<br />
The Man family were famous bachelors, with three brothers and an old father. There were four bachelors living in three huts without room for the opposite sex.<br />
<br />
大队干部像在为一块化石做讲解:“……咱村守着滑石山,过去不让开,后来王 济夫书记在喇叭里号召大伙儿勤劳致富,弟兄三个去年干了一年,成了万元户……是不是玉贵?”<br />
<br />
The cadres of the brigade seemed to be explaining for a fossil: "... Our village guards the talc mountain and prohibited others from mining. Later, Secretary Wang Jifu called on everyone to work hard and get rich in the horn. The three brothers worked for a year last year and became the household with 10,000 yuan... Right, Yugui? "<br />
<br />
满玉贵抬起头来,不正眼看人,“嗯”了一声,又闷下头去。<br />
<br />
Man Yugui looked up, didn't look at people. "Yes", and he lowered his head again.<br />
<br />
“去年盖了四间新瓦房,老六说上了媳妇。先弟弟,后哥哥……是不是玉贵?”<br />
<br />
"Last year, four new tile houses were built, and the sixth child of your family got married. The First one who got married was your little brother, then your older brother... Right, Yugui?"<br />
<br />
这话半带戏谑,满玉贵脖子转了转,没有吱声。<br />
<br />
This was kind of banter, so Man Yugui turned around without making a reply.<br />
<br />
满玉贵也曾有过美好的青春年华,身上充满了生命的汁水。可是,当他进入 “青春发育期”的同时,也进入了“饥寒交迫期”。那一年,老五得了“老虎卡”死在医院里,交不上住院费,医院不让往回拉尸首,一家人四处求借,又把一口半大猪卖掉,才把小尸首拉回来。没几天老三得了同样的病,医院干脆拒之门外,活活死在家里了。<br />
<br />
Man Yugui once had the best years, and his body was full of the juice of life. However, when he entered the puberty period, he also entered the "hunger and cold period". That year, Lao Wu infected leprosy and died in the hospital. They couldn't pay the hospitalization fee, so the hospital wouldn't let them pull the corpse back. The family asked for loans everywhere, and sold a pig neither too big nor too little so that they could pull the corpse back. A few days later, the third child got the same disease, so the hospital simply turned away and the child died at home.<br />
<br />
从那,900元的债务一直压得四条汉子直不起腰来。<br />
<br />
Since then, the debt of 900 yuan put pressure on the four men.<br />
<br />
一位心理学家说,青年期的本能发动是青年人格再造的契机。面前端坐不动的满玉贵,不正是由于两种饥饿、两种压抑造成的性格的变形吗?<br />
<br />
A psychologist said that the instinct of youth is an opportunity for young people to rebuild their personality. For Man Yugui, who sat still, was it not because of the deformation of character caused by two kinds of hunger and two kinds of depression?<br />
<br />
“你们都帮帮他的忙啊!”我对众人说。<br />
<br />
"You all help him!" I said to everyone.<br />
<br />
有人插话:“前天邻村一个治保主任坐拖拉机摔死了,撇下媳妇和两个孩子。”<br />
<br />
Someone interjected: "The day before yesterday, a security director in a neighboring village fell to his death on a tractor, leaving his wife and two children."<br />
<br />
我说:“抓紧给办!”<br />
<br />
I said, "Hurry up and fix them up!"<br />
<br />
一个笑容在满玉贵脸上闪过,充满羞涩,也充满向往,像乌云遮蔽的天空忽然显出的一道霞光,把一个秘密也透露出来——前些年由于物质生活的匮乏,这个老光棍已经断了娶亲的念头,现在的致富之路又唤起了他的阳刚萌动,“死灰复燃”。不久前,县里开专业户代表大会,满玉贵特意去做了一身料子服,他要像个人样地走在女同胞面前！<br />
<br />
He flashed a smile, full of shyness and yearning, like a sudden glow in the sky covered by dark clouds, revealing a secret. A few years ago, due to the lack of material life, this old bachelor had given up getting married, but now his wealth aroused his masculinity. Not long ago, the county held a specialist congress, and Man Yugui specially tailored a woollen cloth to his needs. He wanted to walk in front of women in dignity!<br />
<br />
今天的性文化尚受着经济的制约。当我们清算“左”的路线对中国农村造成 的挫伤时,很少把性——这一具有人类意义的事情考虑在内！<br />
<br />
Today's sex culture is still restricted by economy. When we think of the influence caused by the left-wing politics to rural China, we seldom take sex, which is of human significance, into account!<br />
<br />
“你要去坑里看看吗?就早一些……”满玉贵面孔对着我,眼睛却不看我。<br />
<br />
"Do you want to go to the pit to have a look? Just earlier..." Man Yugui faced me, but he didn't look at me.<br />
<br />
我随他下到了深深的滑石坑里,那里面又潮湿又黑暗,有些地方要趴下身子才能过得去。<br />
<br />
I followed him down into the deep talc pit, which was damp and dark, and there were places where I had to lie down to get by.<br />
<br />
他每天就下到这里面,跪在地上,用镐头一下下刨掘着,然后用辘伊绞上去。那是对自己命运的刨掘,对失去年华的刨掘,他要从那里面寻找出失落的希望吗?<br />
<br />
He goes down here every day, kneels on the ground, digs down with a pick, and then use manual crane to send talc up. Is that the digging of his own destiny, the digging of the lost years? And dose he want to find out the lost hope from it?<br />
<br />
回到满玉贵家来,76岁的老父亲气喘吁吁地对我说:“早年给玉贵提亲的也有,一打听,弟兄多,不干;这几年有提的,问有房吗? 一听还没盖,又不干。哥哥没有,弟弟也不找,两个都误下了……这眼下钱不愁了,俺打算再盖他八间房,给老大和老二娶上媳妇,俺也就没心事啦。”<br />
<br />
When I returned to Man Yugui's home, his 76-year-old father panted and said to me: "There were also people who proposed marriage to Yugui in the early years. After they inquired, they found there were many brothers so they gave up. In recent years, some people also proposed marriage. After they knew we didn’t have a house, they gave up. The older brother didn’t find a wife, so the younger brother also didn’t do that. Both of them missed good timing... Now we are free from worries of money, so I plan to build many houses for them to marry a daughter-in-law. After that, I have nothing on my mind."<br />
<br />
对面是老六的新房。那是沙漠里的一片绿洲,那是一座不会幻灭的“海市蜃楼”！<br />
<br />
Opposite was the sixth child's new house. It was an oasis in the desert, a mirage that will not be disillusioned!<br />
<br />
新房是一个诱人的红火的世界。顶棚上裱着粉红色的花纸,坑上放着火红花被。屋子里到处都是“花”:花瓶里插着的,镜子上挂着的,塑料花盆里“开”着的, 还有缝纫机上蒙着的……玻璃板下压着小夫妻到大连旅游结婚留下的合影。有一幅是在圆明园“创造世界”的石碑下照的。新房充满了温馨的气息。<br />
<br />
The new house was an attractive red world. The ceiling was plastered with pink flower paper, and red flower quilts were placed on the heatable brick bed. There were "flowers" everywhere in the house: those put in vases, those hanging on mirrors, those blooming in plastic flowerpots, and those covered on sewing machines... Under the glass plate were photos of this young couple traveling to Dalian for marriage. One was taken under the stone tablet of Creating the World in Yuanmingyuan. The new house was full of warmth.<br />
<br />
新媳妇从山上回来了,她粗壮,健康,圆圆的脸盘,双眼皮,长得很喜相,而且, 她的腹部已经微微隆起……<br />
<br />
The new daughter-in-law came back from the mountain. She was thick and healthy, with a round and endearing face and double eyelids. Her belly had slightly bulged...<br />
<br />
她走进了这个家庭,不但实现了一个“人”的个性的和谐与完美,也给这个濒于破灭的家庭带来了生气和活力。<br />
<br />
When she entered this family, she not only realized the harmony and perfection of a human personality, but also brought vitality to this shattered family.<br />
<br />
新媳妇在炕前叠着从院里收回的一堆衣服,不时用目光瞟一下陌生的客人。<br />
<br />
She was folding a pile of clothes got from the courtyard in front of their heatable brick bed, and glanced at strange guests from time to time.<br />
<br />
而满玉贵站在门外,一直没有踏进这个“世界”,也从不看他的弟媳一眼,只顾闷头抽着烟。阳光下,他的脸有几分涨红。<br />
<br />
Man Yugui stood outside the door, never set foot in this world, never looked at his sister-in-law, and he only smoked. In the sun, his face turned a little red.<br />
<br />
他站在幸福的门外,<br />
<br />
He stood outside the door of happiness,<br />
<br />
丢掉了钥匙。<br />
<br />
lost the key.<br />
<br />
他在等待着,<br />
<br />
He was waiting,<br />
<br />
寻找钥匙的人归来……<br />
<br />
waiting for the one who looked for the key returned...<br />
<br />
姊妹们<br />
<br />
Sisters<br />
<br />
——关于女性的尊严<br />
<br />
—About the Dignity of Women<br />
<br />
这是在著名的“金城天府”招远县城里,一个“姊妹理发店”的招牌,受委屈似的挂在凹进去的街面上。<br />
<br />
This is in Zhaoyuan County, the famous Jincheng Tianfu. The signboard of Sister Barber Shop hung on the crooked street as if it felt wronged.<br />
<br />
这招牌引起我的好奇心:“这是农村来的个体户吧?”<br />
<br />
This signboard aroused my curiosity: "Is this a self-employed person from the countryside?"<br />
<br />
陪同我的同志神秘地朝我摆摆手:“别提它了!”<br />
<br />
The comrade accompanying me mysteriously waved his hand to me: "Don't mention this!"<br />
<br />
“怎么回事?”<br />
<br />
"What's going on?"<br />
<br />
“不正经……卖淫。”<br />
<br />
"This is monkey business... prostitution."<br />
<br />
“这不会!”我不知为什么一下子就站在她们的立场上,“光天化日之下,怎么可能呢?再说有街道,有公安。”<br />
<br />
"Impossible!" I didn't know why I suddenly stood in their position. "How is it possible in broad daylight? Besides, there are streets and police."<br />
<br />
“街上都这么说。”<br />
<br />
"That's what all people say."<br />
<br />
“你见过吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have you seen it?"<br />
<br />
“没有。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“我们下午去理理发吧!”<br />
<br />
"Let's have a haircut this afternoon!"<br />
<br />
“不 我不去。”<br />
<br />
"No, I won't go."<br />
<br />
下午,我们还是一起去了。但陪同我的同志跨进姊妹理发店时的神色是紧张的,还下意识地回身看了一下是否有熟人瞧见。<br />
<br />
In the afternoon, we still go there together. But the comrade who accompanied me looked nervous when he stepped into this barber shop, and subconsciously turned around to see if any acquaintances had seen him.<br />
<br />
屋里的理发设施一应俱全。墙上挂着《大众电影》《大众电视》《人民文学》和一些小人书。长案上放着一些摇铃、汽车、吹塑动物等儿童玩具,长案下面还放着一些雨伞。经营者的慧心可鉴。<br />
<br />
Hairdressing facilities were available in the house. There were ''Popular Movies'', ''Popular TV'', ''People's Literature'' and some linked pictures hanging on the wall. There were children's toys such as bells, cars and blow mold animals on the long desk, and umbrellas under tit. The operators' wisdom can be learned.<br />
<br />
三姊妹身穿白色的工作服,正忙于刀剪声中。她们的年龄在16至25岁之间。 都生得白皙、苗条。老大温柔、沉静,烫着“波浪式老二留着“波卷式”,看得出性格比较活泼、伶俐;老三是“青年式”,嘴角上含着一股刚强之气。她们的目光一直低垂着,里面藏着沉重的东西。<br />
<br />
Dressed in white overalls, the three sisters were busy with the sound of knives and scissors. They were between 16 and 25 years old and were all fair-skinned and slim. The eldest was gentle, quiet, with wavy hair, and the second had shag hairstyle, which showed that she was lively and clever; The third had short hair, with an air of confidence on the corners of her mouth. Their eyes have been lowered, with heavy things hidden inside.<br />
<br />
大姐理完了一个,淡淡地望了我ー下,那就是她的语言了。我过去坐定后,主动和她搭讪:<br />
<br />
The oldest sister finished cutting one’ hair and looked at me gently. That was her language. After I went to sit down, I took the initiative to chat up her:<br />
<br />
“你们是从哪里来的?”<br />
<br />
"Where do you come from?"<br />
<br />
“陈家沙埠。”她很矜持。<br />
<br />
"Chenjia shabu." She was very reserved.<br />
<br />
“家里几口人?”<br />
<br />
"How many people are there in the family?"<br />
<br />
“七 口。”<br />
<br />
"Seven."<br />
<br />
“分了多少责任田?”<br />
<br />
"How many fields you are responsible for are divided?"<br />
<br />
“三亩。”<br />
<br />
"Three mu."<br />
<br />
“种地怎么办?”<br />
<br />
"What about farming?"<br />
<br />
“农忙了回去。”<br />
<br />
"When it is busy for farming, we’ll come back."<br />
<br />
“吃饭呢?”<br />
<br />
"What about meals?"<br />
<br />
“原来从家里带,现在买着吃。”<br />
<br />
"We used to bring them from home and buy them now."<br />
<br />
“住在哪里呢?”<br />
<br />
"Where do you live?"<br />
<br />
她乜了一眼镜子里的我,冷冷地:“城里。”便垂下眼皮,不愿再回答我的问话。<br />
<br />
She squinted at me in the mirror and said coldly, "In the city." She then lowered her eyelids and refused to answer my question.<br />
<br />
姑娘,你不要误解了文学,生活走到哪里,文学就跟到哪里。它愿做每ー个生 命的守护神,为她艰难的跋涉喊一声号子,为她暗夜的寻觅送ー支烛光。姑娘,愿 意向我打开你的心扉吗?<br />
<br />
Girl, don't misunderstand literature. Wherever life goes, literature will follow. It is willing to be the patron saint of every life, sing a work song for her difficult trek, and send a candlelight for her search in the dark night. Girl, would you like to open your heart to me?<br />
<br />
姑娘的名字叫郝朝霞,两个妹妹叫郝彩霞和郝丽霞。这是霞光一样美丽的名 字,却落在一个贫穷的村庄里。干部走马灯似的换了一茬又一茬,到如今村里一个工副业项目也没有。队里规定:凡是劳动カ都得向大队交费用。男劳力每年交二百,女劳力每年交一百（这和那些商品生产发展比较好的大队,给予农田补贴形成了鲜明的对比）。她们家欠着队里600多元的账,郝朝霞初中毕业后,只得辍学回村,跟着当理发员的父亲学起了理发……<br />
<br />
The girl's name is Hao Zhaoxia, and her two sisters are Hao Caixia and Hao Lixia. They are beautiful names like twilight colors, but these girls lived in a poor village. Officials have changed one after another, and now there is no sideline project in the village. It was stipulated in the production team that all laborers had to pay fees to the team. Male laborers paid 200 yuan a year, while female laborers paid 100 yuan a year, which was in sharp contrast to those teams with better commodity production development and agricultural subsidies). Their family owed more than 600 yuan to the team, so Hao Zhaoxia had to drop out of school and return to the village after graduating from junior high school, and learned hairdressing with her father who was a hairdresser...<br />
<br />
“姊妹理发店”的牌子在招远县城挂起来了!那店牌牌上的字是干了一辈子理发营生的老父亲亲手写的。<br />
<br />
The signboard of Sister Barber Shop has been hung up in Zhaoyuan County! The words on the shop signboard were written by their old father who had worked as a barber all his life.<br />
<br />
农村姑娘进城办第三产业,这本身就是一种挑战,向国营企业的“铁饭碗”挑战,向传统的习俗挑战!这种挑战必然要遇到传统势力的反击。<br />
<br />
Rural girls go to the city to run the tertiary industry, which is a challenge in itself, to the "iron rice bowl" of state-owned enterprises and to traditional customs! This kind of challenge is bound to meet the counterattack of traditional authorities.<br />
<br />
她们按照美的原则去修剪着生活,而生活却把丑恶推到她们面前——<br />
<br />
They trimmed life according to the principle of beauty, but life pushes ugliness before them.<br />
<br />
一群喝醉了酒的青工晚上闯进来,视这些农民的女儿如手心玩物,口出秽言; 一个心怀叵测的人把一张纸条塞给姑娘,约她幽会;捕风捉影的谣言随之而起……<br />
<br />
A group of drunken young workers broke in at night, treating these farmers' daughters as playthings and uttering filthy words. A person with sinister motives stuffed a note to a girl and asked her to meet secretly. Then people put two and two together and made five...<br />
<br />
在中国,有什么比这种道德的飞短流长更能置人于死地?有人要把无形的裹布重新缠到她们脚上。<br />
<br />
In China, what can kill people more than spreading embroidered stories and malicious gossip of them in terms of morals? Someone wanted to wrap the invisible cloth around their feet again.<br />
<br />
这个小小的理发店,离县政府并不远。但愿妇联、共青团的目光早日注意到她们!<br />
<br />
This small barber shop was not far from the county government. I hoped the All-China Women's Federation and the Communist Youth League will notice them as soon as possible!<br />
<br />
临别时我对她们说:“你们可以把土地转让出去,专一在城里从事这项工作,还可以在城里买地皮、盖楼房,理直气壮地生活!”她们不时地发问:“这行吗? 行吗?”<br />
<br />
When I left, I said to them: "You can transfer the land and do this job in the city. You can also buy land, build houses and live confidently in the city!" From time to time, they ask, "Is this feasible?"<br />
<br />
行的!扬起头来吧,姐妹们!你们已经作为先进生产力的代表,走上了历史的舞台！用你们手中的剪刀,去剪断传统束缚在你们身上的绳索。这是新的妇女运动史！在韧性的抗争中,取得你们的自尊、自强、自重、自爱！<br />
<br />
Sure! Raise your head, sisters! As representatives of advanced productive forces, you have stepped onto the stage of history! Use the scissors in your hands to cut the ropes that are traditionally bound to you. This is the new history of women's campaign! In the struggle of resilience, you gain your self-esteem, self-improvement, self-respect and self-love!<br />
<br />
女性的尊严,在你们自身的创造之中！<br />
<br />
The dignity of women is in your own creation!<br />
<br />
夫妻们<br />
<br />
Couples<br />
<br />
——关于夫妻关系<br />
<br />
—About the relationship between husband and wife<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系一:蘑菇,开门吧!）<br />
<br />
(Relationship one: Mushroom, open the door!)<br />
<br />
他,姜希增,腰里掖上一头“猪”,千里迢迢去山西原平农学院找一位李教授。 他在《中国青年》上看到李教授关于食用猴头菌可以抑制癌症的文章,专程去拜师——他的父亲和祖母都是因为癌症过世的。<br />
<br />
He, Jiang Xizeng, tied a pig to his waist and set out on the long trek to Shanxi Yuanping Agricultural College to find a professor Li. He read Professor Li's article about eating Hericium erinaceus to inhibit cancer in China Youth, so he made a special trip to formally acknowledge him as his master, for his father and grandmother both died of cancer.<br />
<br />
他从山西买回了菌种,他回家来搞的试验却失败了。<br />
<br />
He bought the strain from Shanxi, but the experiment at home failed.<br />
<br />
妻子史春芝犯了胃溃疡,在炕上一边哼哼一边抱怨:“家里穷得连饭都吃不上, 你把一头猪胡摆治了……”<br />
<br />
His wife, Shi Chunzhi, committed a gastric ulcer and complained while humming on the heatable brick bed: "We are too poor to eat food, but you should waste a pig..."<br />
<br />
姜希增一肚子火气正没处出,吼了一声:“老娘儿们家就会穷叨叨！”<br />
<br />
Jiang Xizeng found nowhere to give vent to his anger, so he yelled: "You old pussy chatters like a magpie!"<br />
<br />
这使史春芝大为伤心,她本来就满肚子委屈。当初和他结婚,那是冲他在外面“吃国库粮”,指望跟他“跳农门”,上大城市。1961年工厂下马,他捧着个“光荣证”回了乡。混不上吃,混不上穿,每年靠一位吃薪金的叔叔捎包旧衣裳、补贴20块钱接济。两口子每有龃龉,史春芝总少不了一句传统骂语:“当初俺上了你 的当!”<br />
<br />
This made Shi Chunzhi very sad. She was already full of grievances. She married him because he had urban household registration, and she expected to get rid of the identity of a farmer with him and go to a big city. In 1961, when the factory was closed, he returned to his hometown with a Certificate of Honor. He can’t make both ends meet, so he relied on an uncle who had salary to take old clothes and subsidize 20 yuan every year. Every time the couple had disagreements, Shi Chunzhi always cursed him out: "I was taken in by you at the beginning!"<br />
<br />
每听到这里,姜希增都不再吱声,好像这桩婚姻完全是由于他的骗局造成的。<br />
<br />
Every time he heard this, he stopped speaking, as if his scam was the culprit of their marriage.<br />
<br />
他想再去一趟山西,却筹集不起路费。<br />
<br />
He wanted to go to Shanxi again, but he couldn't afford the travelling expenses.<br />
<br />
后来听说莱阳农学院也有微生物课程,便瞒着老婆骑上自行车去了,在学校大门口见人就拦:“哪个老师教微生物?管种蘑菇?”<br />
<br />
Later, he heard that Laiyang Agricultural College also had microbiology courses, so he rode his bicycle without telling his wife. He stopped everyone he saw at the gate of this college: "Which teacher teaches microbiology and know how to plant mushrooms?"<br />
<br />
史春芝一天没有见到丈夫,心中好生纳闷,待傍晚看到他又傻呵呵带着ー些菌种回来时,ー赌气关上了房门。<br />
<br />
Shi Chunzhi didn't see her husband for a day, so she was puzzled. When she saw him come back with some strains with an air of idiocy in the evening, she closed the door in anger.<br />
<br />
“他妈,开门吧!”<br />
<br />
"My wife, open the door!"<br />
<br />
没有吱声,和旧生活告别的夜晚是凄冷的。<br />
<br />
There was no reply. The night of saying goodbye to the old life is chilly.<br />
<br />
“蘑菇,开门吧!”<br />
<br />
"Mushroom, open the door!"<br />
<br />
蘑菇向他把门敞开了!他在室内试种了 20平方米的蘑菇,获得了可喜的 收成!<br />
<br />
Mushrooms opened the door to him! He planted experimentally 20 square meters of mushrooms indoors and got a gratifying harvest!<br />
<br />
姜希增又拿出半亩责任田来种植他的理想。1983年收入9000斤蘑菇,纯收入5000多元;菌种收入3000多元。还有个收益是老婆的变化,她的胃溃疡竟然吃蘑菇吃好了,脾气也变好了。<br />
<br />
Jiang Xizeng took out half a mu of farmland he was responsible for to plant his ideal. In 1983, he harvested 4,500 kg of mushrooms, and the net income was more than 5,000 yuan. The income of strains was more than 3,000 yuan. Another benefit was the change of his wife. Her gastric ulcer was cured by eating mushrooms and her temper has improved.<br />
<br />
现在姜希增是胶东有名的“蘑菇状元”。他不仅在本村带起了十几个专业户, 还搞“技术输出”,应邀到各地做技术指导,光缴学费的学生就有60多人。<br />
<br />
Now Jiang Xizeng is a famous "mushroom champion" in Jiaodong. He not only nurtured more than a dozen specialists in the village, but also exported technology. He was invited to give technical guidance in various places. More than 60 students paid tuition fees alone.<br />
<br />
“他出去跑,家里这ー摊子就揭给我!”史春芝爽快地对我说。<br />
<br />
"He went to other places, and I'm in charge of business at home!" Shi Chunzhi said to me readily.<br />
<br />
“你会吗?”<br />
<br />
"Do you know how to stay in business?"<br />
<br />
“看也看会了！过去我不是反对他,是对经济不放心。孩子还上学,拉下饥荒怎么办?现在他花3000多块钱买设备,我都不说他……”<br />
<br />
"I have been seeing him do this for a long time! In the past, I was not against him, but worried about money. Our children are still in school, so what should we do if we are in debt? Now he spends more than 3,000 yuan to buy equipment, but I don't even blame him..."<br />
<br />
姜希增自得地坐在“生当作人杰,死亦为鬼雄”的诗联下,他不但敲开了致富之门,也在“拜师”的热潮中得到了一种精神的满足,一种人格和道德的完善。现在他反过来挑剔着妻子:“老娘儿们家眼光就是短浅,光认钱。有几个钱,又烧得慌,要给孩子做’将军服’,你怎么不做个’元帅服’、做个蟒袍玉带?老百姓要穿老百姓服!”<br />
<br />
Jiang Xizeng sat proudly under the poetic couplet of "Be man of men while you're alive, And soul of souls if you're dead." He not only knocks on the door to be successful, but also gets spiritual satisfaction and personality and moral perfection in the upsurge of "taking others as their teacher". Now he is critical of his wife in turn: "You old ladies are short-sighted and only pay attention to money. If you have money, it will burn a hole in your pocket, and you want to make a general uniform for your children. Why don't you make a marshal uniform and an emperor’s uniform? Ordinary people should wear ordinary people's clothes!"<br />
<br />
史春芝像个少女似的,嗔怪地瞧他一眼:“就你能!”把一杯浓茶摆到他面 前……<br />
<br />
Shi Chunzhi looked at him like a girl, and rebuked: "You are too arrogant!" And she put a cup of strong tea before him...<br />
<br />
商品生产调节了这个家庭的夫妻关系,虽然它不免带一点“夫贵妻荣”的封建 色彩,但毕竟是靠自己的劳动换来的和谐和荣耀!<br />
<br />
Commodity production adjusts the relationship between husband and wife in this family. Although it inevitably has feudalism of "when husband is rich, his wife is proud", it is harmony and glory exchanged by one's own labor after all!<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系二:空中丝绸之路）<br />
<br />
(Relationship two: Silk Road in the air)<br />
<br />
我在牟平龙泉乡访问了一对年轻夫妇,他们乘坐飞机到西藏销售服装,开辟空中“丝绸之路”,充满了传奇色彩。这不仅意味着他们的时间观念和生活方式的改变,其中还包含着一种象征:新一代农民在起飞。<br />
<br />
I visited a young couple in Longquan Township, Muping. They flew to Tibet to sell clothes by taking a plane so as to blaze a Silk Road in the air, which was full of legends. This means not only the change of their concept of time and lifestyle, but also a symbol: a new generation of farmers is becoming better.<br />
<br />
小媳妇叫于政芳,今年23岁,她已经不甘于母亲那样的生活一把一双脚用 布裹起来,一生厮守着锅台和鸡窝。首先在“终身大事”上,她就挨弃了 “媒妁之言,父母之命”的旧传统。<br />
<br />
The wife was Yu Zhengfang, 23 years old. She was unwilling to live like her mother who wrapped her feet in cloth and stayed with kitchen and chicken coops all her life. First of all, in the lifelong important event, she abandoned the old tradition of an arranged marriage.<br />
<br />
从我记事起,村里就有一些不断翻新的有关婚俗的儿歌:“小嫂小嫂快快长,长大了跟村长,穿皮鞋嘎嘎响……”“ー个兜的靠边站,两个兜的看ー看,三个兜的叫爹也干!”发展到近来已是:“收音机带相片儿（电视）,缝纫机带锁边儿,自行车带冒烟儿,手表带跑星期天儿。”这些儿歌虽不能登大雅之堂,却在某种程度上反映了经济变化对人们婚姻观的影响。<br />
<br />
As far as I can remember, there have been some children's songs about marriage customs that are constantly being changed in the village: "Little sister-in-law grows up quickly so that you can go with the village head who wears rattling leather shoes..." "People with one pocket stand aside, two pockets can be thought of, and three pockets can even be called daddy!" Recently, it has been: "Radios with pictures (TV), sewing machines with overlocking function, bicycles with smoke (motorcycle), watches with Sunday (day-date watches)." Although these children's songs can't be elegant, they reflect the influence of economic changes on people's marriage views to some extent.<br />
<br />
而今,姑娘们在寻找发展商品生产中涌现出来的能人。于政芳就是几年前到威海给包工的农民做饭时,认识了“工头”吕宝帅,主动求爱的。<br />
<br />
Nowadays, girls are looking for talented people emerging in the process of the development of commodity production. Yu Zhengfang met Lyu Baoshuai, a labor contractor, and took the initiative to woo him when she went to Weihai to cook for migrant workers a few years ago.<br />
<br />
我第一次去吕宝帅家访问,夫妇双双去温州做生意去了,只有外公带着小燕妮（看来他们还是崇拜马克思的）在家看门。<br />
<br />
When I visited Lyu Baoshuai's home for the first time, both husband and wife went to Wenzhou to do business. Only the grandfather took care of little Yanni (It seemed that they still worshiped Marx) and acted as a doorkeeper.<br />
<br />
我第二次访问见到了于政芳。她上着粉红色的确良夏衫,下着乳白色的百褶裙,坐在折叠椅上。而炕头上横着一个一米多长的老式大枕头。<br />
<br />
I met Yu Zhengfang on my second visit. She wore a pink Dacron summer shirt and a milky white pleated skirt, sitting on a folding chair. On the heatable brick bed was an old-fashioned pillow more than one meter long.<br />
<br />
挺秀气、时髦的一个姑娘,一张口却不时显露出粗野——她保留着祖辈传下来的一些语汇:“驴XX进的”“妈拉个腿儿”……而一提及夫妻关系,她总是说成“老婆汉子”。<br />
<br />
She was very delicate and fashionable, but when she spoke something, her rudeness could be seen from time to time. She spoke some vocabularies handed down from her ancestors like motherfucker, son of a bitch... and when it comes to the relationship between husband and wife, she always says "man and wife".<br />
<br />
她讲起坐飞机的感受:“真舒服呀！开始上升的时候难受一阵儿,飞平了什么也觉不出来。云彩绒嘟嘟的,伸手就能抓住,就和画上的嫦娥奔月ー样……”乘了几个来回的飞机,她体验了“嫦娥奔月”和“仙女下凡”的滋味。上百元一张的飞机票,节省了14天的时间,这是他们的父辈所不具有的时间价值观。<br />
<br />
She talked about the feeling of taking a plane: "It's so comfortable! When the plane started to rise, I felt uncomfortable, but I couldn't feel anything when it flew flat. Clouds are velvet, and you can catch them with your hand, just like the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon in the painting..." After several round-trip planes, she experienced "Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" and "Fairy going down to earth". A plane ticket hundreds of yuan saved 14 days, which was a time value that their parents did not have.<br />
<br />
“死了也闭眼了,不光坐了飞机,还坐了大轮船!”她说着,拿出一本大相册,那上面有他们在各地的留影:有的在布达拉宫,有的在西湖苏堤,有的在上海南京路, 有的在天柱峰……那全是用自己的照相机照的,他们过着旅游式的生活。从这些相片上可以看出一个农村姑娘的演变,由“炊帚把”到烫着披肩发;由粗布衣到时髦裙装……她自豪地说:“就差香港和台湾没去了！”我看到茶盘里堆着些废车票, 那是没有人给他们报销的。<br />
<br />
"It’s worth dying for taking a plane and a ship!" While she said, she took out a big photo album with pictures of them in various places: some in Potala Palace, some in Su Di of West Lake, some in Nanjing Road of Shanghai, and some in Tianzhu Peak … They were all taken with their own camera, and they lived a tourist life. From these photos, we can see the evolution of a rural girl, from flyaway hair to curly hair and from coarse cloth to fashionable skirt... She proudly said: "We only have not gone Hong Kong and Taiwan!" I saw some old tickets piled up in the tea tray, which can’t be reimbursed.<br />
<br />
“现在还去西藏吗?”<br />
<br />
"Are you still going to Tibet?"<br />
<br />
“不去了,最后一趟让人坑了一下子。”她不愿讲被“坑”的详情,也不讲丈夫出差去了哪里,忽然对着外屋喊了声:“凯乐!”（那是印度故事影片《奴里》中一条狗的名字）接着一条大黄狗欢跳着跑进来。这个农民的女儿剥开一块价值两盒火柴的金纸奶糖,向空中一丢,大黄狗熟练地ー下咬到嘴里,甜甜地嚼起来。她接着又剥开了第二块……<br />
<br />
"No, some people cheated us in our last trip." She didn't want to tell the details of being cheated or where her husband went on a business trip. Suddenly, she shouted to the outhouse: "Khairoo!" (That's the name of a dog in the Indian feature film Noorie). Then a big yellow dog jumps in happily. This farmer's daughter peeled off a piece of toffee wrapped with gold paper worth two boxes of matches and threw it into the air. The dog skillfully bit it into her mouth and chewed this sweet food. She then peeled off a second piece...<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系三:青烟升处有人家）<br />
<br />
(Relationship 3: There are people in a place where smoke is curling upward)<br />
<br />
1983年冬月,邢春香去江苏金湖县农机厂看望当临时工的儿子,这是她第一次出远门。<br />
<br />
In the winter of 1983, Xing Chunxiang went to Jinhu County Agricultural Machinery Factory in Jiangsu Province to visit her son who worked as a temporary worker. This was her first time to travel to a distant place.<br />
<br />
她在那里看到橡胶车间全是女工,活儿不累,也挺赚钱,设备只是ー个压力板和一个小烘炉。<br />
<br />
She saw that the rubber workshop was full of women workers there. It was easy to work and make money. The equipment was just a pressure plate and a small oven.<br />
<br />
邢春香带了几个橡胶制品回来,和老头子肖振竹商量:“咱办个家庭工厂吧。” 老头子摇摇头说:“上哪弄资金?”邢春香说:“现在兴贷款,挣了再还!”老头子又愁销路,邢春香说:“孩子有个干爹跑供销,能帮忙。再说一回生,两回熟,三回成了老主顾。”老头子还愁没技术,邢春香说:“咱儿子就能当老师!”<br />
<br />
Xing Chunxiang brought back some rubber products and discussed with his husband Xiao Zhenzhu: "Let's set up a family factory." The old man shook his head and said, "Where can we get the money?" Xing said: "Now it’s popular to loan money from a bank, we can pay it back after we earn money!" The old man was worried about the selling line again. Xing Chunxiang said, "Our child’s godfather working in supply and marketing can help. Besides, difficult the first time, easy the second. We become regular customers the third time." The old man still worried that they didn’t have the know-how, but Xing said: "Our son can be a teacher!"<br />
<br />
经过一番筹措、铺排,第一批货出厂不久,嘎嚇嚇的票子就汇过来了,这一下小山村轰动了!村里大闺女、小媳妇、壮小伙子都争着来当“工人”。现在这位老嫂子自命为“经理”,讲话满口新名词儿:<br />
<br />
After arrangement and preparation, the first batch of goods was produced from the factory, and a hefty sum of money was remitted, which caused a sensation in the small mountain village! Girls, wives and strong young men in the village were all vying to be workers. Now the old woman called herself manager, and her speech is full of new terms:<br />
<br />
“眼时咱体制小,用不了这么多人,资金也流动不开。<br />
<br />
"Now we have a small system, so we don’t need so many people so that we can make money flow."<br />
<br />
“这一次生产的都是汽车、火车上用的橡胶制品,销北京汽车装配公司,天津宏 光五金厂、吉林铁路上、银川刚拉上关系……跑外都是我,采胶得上远地,沈阳、天津……老头子从来没出过门,打怯……<br />
<br />
"This time, all the rubber products produced are used in cars and trains. They are sold to Beijing Automobile Assembly Company, Tianjin Hongguang Hardware Factory and Jilin Railway. We just pulled wires with companies in Yinchuan... I am in charge of doing business outside, and I have to buy rubber far away, like Shenyang, Tianjin... My husband has never been on a long journey, so he is timid...<br />
<br />
“说起来我进这家20来年了,连个悖悖也吃不上,光吃地瓜。一年分三四十斤小麦,不够来客的,有一口半口好吃的,也都先尽他爷们儿……”<br />
<br />
"I have married him for over 20 years, but I can't even eat a bun cake. I just eat sweet potatoes. We got thirty or forty jin of wheat a year, which is not enough for visitors. If there is a mouthful of delicious food, I’ll give it to my husband and son..."<br />
<br />
丈夫肖振竹——那个被控诉对象,在忙着做午饭,一直没有搭言。这个种庄稼能手,现在矮了半截。他作为家庭重心的时代已经结束了。<br />
<br />
Xiao Zhenzhu, the accused object, was busy cooking lunch and never spoke. This expert in planting crops is now a cut below. His time as the center of family is over.<br />
<br />
瞧这一家子<br />
<br />
Look at This Family<br />
<br />
——关于家庭内部关系<br />
<br />
—Internal Family Relations<br />
<br />
今天,以血缘关系和传统伦理道德维系着的农村家庭,正接受着新文明浪潮的冲击,正悄悄地产生着一些微妙的变化。<br />
<br />
Today, rural families, which are maintained by blood relationship and traditional ethics, are impacted by the new civilization tide and are quietly undergoing some subtle changes.<br />
<br />
这一家子是掖县徐家公社原家大队人。全家13口人,成员构成是4个儿子、3个儿媳、1个女儿、2个孙子、1个孙女,加上老两口。按常规,这个大家庭将面临分家的边缘,家长们也只能靠伦理观念和封建的家长权威来调节儿女妣姓之间的矛盾。<br />
<br />
This family is from the Yuan brigade of Xu Commune in Ye County. There are 13 people in the whole family, including 4 sons, 3 daughters-in-law, 1 daughter, 2 grandsons, 1 granddaughter, and the parents. Normally, this big family will face the division of possessions, and parents can only rely on ethical concepts and feudal parental authority to mediate contradictions among their children and sisters-in-law.<br />
<br />
1983年初,54岁的原成芳老汉为了给家中的劳力找出路,办了个家庭塑料厂。<br />
<br />
At the beginning of 1983, 54-year-old Yuan Chengfang set up a family plastic factory in order to find direction in life for laborers in his family.<br />
<br />
老汉和老伴商量:“队上办厂子为什么跨了?就是没有章程,整天打打吵吵,最后只剩下个空房子。”老伴说:“都是自己家里的人,定不定规矩不要紧。”老汉说: “那不行,丑话头里说。现在不定,以后出了问题再定就晚了。”<br />
<br />
The old man discussed with his wife: "Why did the brigade’s factory go bankrupt? Because there is no charter, and fighting and noises are on all day. Finally there is only an empty house left." His wife said: "They are all people in their own family. It doesn't matter if you decide the rules." The old man said, "Let me speak frankly, that won't work. If we don’t set rules now, it will be too late when something goes wrong in the future."<br />
<br />
晚上,老汉召集家庭会议:<br />
<br />
In the evening, the old man held a family meeting:<br />
<br />
“中央叫咱致富,咱得给政府壮壮脸,咱这个工厂要办就办好!现在竞争这么厉害,没有个章法不行,第一条咱得有个厂长!”<br />
<br />
"The central government asks us to be successful, so we should live up to its expectations. If we decide to set up a factory, we should do it well! Now the competition is so fierce, it won’t work if there is no rule. The first one is that we should have a factory director!"<br />
<br />
当然,没有人敢和老汉竞选,儿女们只觉得新鲜有趣,忍俊不禁举手通过了“爹厂长”。<br />
<br />
Of course, no one dared to run against the old man, and the children only thought it novel and interesting, so they couldn't help raising their hands and approved the proposal.<br />
<br />
老汉说:“好,我是厂长了,就按工厂的条条办。麻雀虽小,五脏俱全,下面我来给你们分分工……”<br />
<br />
The old man said, "OK, I'm the factory director now, so I'll manage it according to the rules of the factory. Even a fly has its spleen. Let me assign tasks..."<br />
<br />
这位“厂长爹”的分工是颇有心计的:大儿子兼会计;闺女兼考勤员;老四负责生产调度和质量检查、现金保管——他没成家,没有私心;老汉兼管技术和供销;老伴管“后勤”。8个劳力,分四班倒,6小时一班,每班有定额。媳妇、姑娘工资制, 每月25元,这是搽胭脂、抹粉钱,年底再分红。坚持考勤制度,迟到1分钟扣半天工资,超过5分钟扣1天工资……<br />
<br />
The factory director was quite calculating: the eldest son was an accountant; the daughter was responsible for attendance; the fourth child was responsible for production scheduling, quality inspection, and the custody of cash—he didn’t start a family, so he had no selfish motives; the old man was in charge of technology, supply and marketing; his wife was in charge of logistics. There were 8 laborers, which were divided into four shifts and they worked a 6-hour shift, with a quota for each shift. Daughters-in-law and his daughter can receive 25 yuan salary every month, which was for them to but rouge and powder, and they would have dividends at the end of the year. According to the attendance system, half-a-day salary will be deducted for being late for 1 minute, and one-day salary for more than 5 minutes...<br />
<br />
章程订出来了,全“厂”通过,大红纸一写,贴在迎门墙上。<br />
<br />
The charter was established, and everyone approved it. It was written in red paper and posted on the entrance wall.<br />
<br />
大媳妇娘家是珍珠乡大辛台人,来去30里。一次回娘家,她晚回来10分钟罚去了1天工资。大媳妇第二次回娘家,撇下已经下到锅里的饺子,一身大汗地蹬着车子赶回来。<br />
<br />
The eldest daughter-in-law was from Daxintai, Pearl Township, which was 30 miles away. Once she went back to her parents’ home, she came back 10 minutes late and was fined one day's salary. When she went back to her parents’ home for the second time, she left the dumplings that had been put into the pot, and pedaled back in a sweat.<br />
<br />
我去这个家庭工厂访问时,他们已被评为“五好家庭”,女儿原素玮被评为“好小姑”。<br />
<br />
When I visited this family factory, they had been rated as Five Virtues Family and the daughter Yuan Suwei was rated as Good Husband's Younger Sister.<br />
<br />
我问这位“好小姑”：“你和你嫂子那么好,替她多干一会儿不行吗?干吗要罚呢?”<br />
<br />
I asked her, "You and your sister-in-law have a good relationship, can't you work for her for a while? Why do you fine her for her late?"<br />
<br />
“好玄！这个嫂子误一会儿,那个嫂子误一会儿,还不把我累死!”<br />
<br />
"Your idea is strange! If this sister-in-law is late, and that sister-in-law is late, I’ll be exhausted!"<br />
<br />
他们不是在人为地创造戏剧。商品生产迫使他们走向社会。在过去从事集体生产时,家庭成员之间的经济关系,基本是在消费领域中。消费和传统的伦理家教,成为联结家庭的两个纽带。现在家庭成了一个独立的生产单位,他们不光用生产者的观点考虑问题了,还要从经营者的角度考虑技术、信息、市场,他们需要提高效率,提高竞争能力。在时间观念上,他们不能再像过去那样只分春夏秋冬,或者含糊地“吃顿饭的工夫”“抽袋烟的工夫”。家庭成员之间不仅有直接生产的关系, 还有交换劳动和交换产品的关系,甚至竞争关系!家庭成员之间的分配关系随着生产方式的改变也在发生着变化!他们像艘古老的小船驶出平静的港湾,迎着波涛向彼岸驶去,船上全体人员需要的不是固守那些陈旧的道德规范,而是要务尽职 能,变成一个协同一致的集体、奋力如一的整体,当巨轮迎面开过,涌起的惊涛要将它吞没时,它可以迅速地调转船头,驶向新的海域。<br />
<br />
They're not artificially creating drama. Commodity production forces them to go to society. In the past, when they engaged in collective production, the economic relationship among family members basically lied in the field of consumption. Consumption and traditional ethical tutoring have become two ties connecting families. Now the family has become an independent production unit. Family members not only consider problems from the producer's point of view, but also consider technology, information and market from the operator's point of view. They need to improve efficiency and competitiveness. In the concept of time, they can no longer divide time into spring, summer, autumn and winter as in the past, or vaguely into the time when eating a meal and the time when having a cigarette. There is not only a direct production relationship among family members, but also a relationship of exchanging labor and products, and even a competitive relationship! The distribution relationship among family members is also changing with the change of production mode! They sailed out of the calm harbor like an old boat, sailed to the other shore against the waves. What all the crew on board need is not to stick to the old moral norms, but to do their duty to unite together. When the huge boat passes head-on and the surging waves are going to engulf it, it can quickly turn its bow and sail to a new sea area.<br />
<br />
第六章宁海镇的共产党人<br />
<br />
Chapter 6 Communists in Ninghai Town<br />
<br />
你见过罗丹的雕塑《思想者》吗?<br />
<br />
Have you ever seen Rodin's sculpture ''The Thinker''?<br />
<br />
他赤裸着身子,肌腱隆起,头颅被思想压得低垂下来。他精神专注而严峻,你感到他是在做自身和人类命运的思考。由于思想,你感到他生命内涵的力量。<br />
<br />
He is naked, with strong tendons, and his head hangs down under the pressure of thoughts. He has focused mind a stern face, and you feel that he is thinking about himself and human destiny. Because of thought, you feel the power of his life connotation.<br />
<br />
现在坐在我对面的,是宁海镇年轻的镇委书记谢玉堂。他中等身材,略胖,浓浓的黑发呈“剑拔弩张”之势,目光兼有敦厚和睿智,举止老练持重,颇有处变不惊的大将风度。在和我交谈的间歇,不时陷入一种沉静的思索之中,那沉静中蕴含着一种激烈的奔腾。<br />
<br />
Sitting opposite me now is Xie Yutang, the young secretary of Ninghai Town Committee. He is of medium height, slightly fat, with thick black hair showing commanding presence. He is sophisticated with honest and wise eyes, like a composed general. In between conversations with me, he fell into silent thinking from time to time, and there was passion in the silence.<br />
<br />
时代把才华和命题同时给予了这位农民的儿子,他热爱生活,热爱土地。借十一届三中全会的东风,他“壮士不下马”,带领全镇人民四年跨出四大步。1978年宁海镇的工副业项目仅有20多个,现在已发展到800多个。1984年全镇总收入将达到一个亿！——宁海镇人提前16年翻两番！在我国北方,这可能算得上佼佼者！<br />
<br />
The times gave the farmer's son talent and questions, who loved life and land at the same time. Taking advantage of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, he worked hard to lead the people of the whole town to take four big steps in four years. In 1978, there were only over 20 sideline projects in Ninghai Town, but now it has grown to over 800. In 1984, the total income of the whole town will reach 100 million yuan! People’s income in Ninghai Town quadrupled 16 years ahead of schedule! In the north of China, this may be outstanding!<br />
<br />
我把旋风一样奔忙的镇委书记拖到幽静的“风云林园”。<br />
<br />
I took the busy secretary of the town committee to the quiet "Fengyun Forest Park".<br />
<br />
风云林园也是他的政绩之一。十个林区,修起了十座样式迥异的小楼,有哥特式,有古典式,有东洋式,使古老的山区洋溢着现代化的气息。这些小楼既作为各分场的场部,还准备接待科学家、教授、画家、作家（我是第一个被接待的蹩脚作家）。擅长书法的市委书记王济夫挥毫为总场场部题下“风云楼”三个大字,取风起云涌之意。<br />
<br />
Fengyun Forest Park is also one of his achievements. Ten small buildings with different styles have been built in ten forest areas, including Gothic, classical and oriental styles, which makes the ancient mountainous areas look more modernized. These small buildings serve as the field departments of each field, and are also prepared to serve scientists, professors, painters and writers (I was the first bad writer to be served). Wang Jifu, secretary of the municipal party committee who is good at calligraphy, wrote the three characters "Fengyun Building" for the general field department, meaning rising wind and clouds.<br />
<br />
“山不高而秀雅,水不深而澄清,地不广而平坦,林不大而茂盛……”谢玉堂坐 在“风云楼”内的沙发上,借《三国演义》中描绘诸葛亮隐居之地的文字,自喻风云林园。这位年轻的党务工作者的气质,已远远不同于当年的老镇长、老乡长。<br />
<br />
"The mountain is not high but beautiful; the water is not deep but clear; the land is not wide but flat; the forest is not big but lush..." Xie Yutang sat on the sofa in Fengyun Building, and imitated the words depicting Zhu Geliang's seclusion in Romance of the Three Kingdoms to describe Fengyun Forest Park. The temperament of this young party worker is far different from that of the old mayor and township head.<br />
<br />
“宁海镇的变化,应归之于三中全会后三个结构的改变。”他像个理论工作者, 也像个韬略家,开始给我讲述宁海镇繁荣的奥秘。<br />
<br />
"The changes in Ninghai Town should be attributed to the changes in the three structures after the Third Plenary Session." Like a theoretical worker and a strategist, he began to tell me the mystery of Ninghai Town's prosperity.<br />
<br />
“第一是农业内部经济结构的改变。<br />
<br />
"The first one is the change of economic structure within agriculture."<br />
<br />
“中国农村的单一经济,已经走到尽头了!我上任后把65个大队做了一次全面的调查,全社人均一亩多地,城里大队才半亩地,在土地上’翻番’能翻出个什么名堂?’汉子推,老婆拉,一天能挣四毛八。‘人,这个生产力中最积极最活跃的因素,长期以来被束缚在凝固的传统经济模式里。<br />
<br />
"The single economy in rural China has come to an end! After I took office, I made a comprehensive survey of 65 brigades. The whole commune has more than one mu per capita, and the city brigade has only half a mu of land. What can we do though our goal is double the yield? "If a man pushes and his wife pulls, he can earn 48 cents a day." People, the most active factor in production, have long been bound in the unchangeable traditional economic model.<br />
<br />
“’三级所有,队为基础’在60年代初纠正‘共产风’的时候,起了积极的作用, 但是,’队为基础’对发展商品生产起了阻碍作用。土地、资产、劳力、分配,生产队是’一统天下’,外出搞副业一天挣三块、四块,得交到生产队拉平分配。生产队把劳力死死钉在土地上,要发展商品生产,不放人权,怎么发展?毛主席在《六十条》中对'队为基础’的批语是'三十年盯不变’;再按两个'凡是’的观点,'生产队’要延续到90年代。那能行吗?<br />
<br />
"'The average size of the communes was reduced to one-third of the original, and the basic accounting unit devolved from the commune to the brigade to the production team.' It played a positive role in correcting the extreme egalitarianism in the early 1960s, but the system based on the collective ownership economy of production teams hindered the development of commodity production. Land, assets, labor and distribution were all managed by the production team, and if you go out to engage in sideline business and earn three or four yuan a day, you had to hand over to the production team for equal distribution. The production team restricted labor to the land. If we want to develop commodity production without human rights, how can we develop it? Chairman Mao's comment on it in Sixty Items is "adhering to it for 30 years". According to the Two Whatevers, the form of production team should last until the 1990s. Can that work?"<br />
<br />
“随着农村责任制的落实,商品生产的发展,劳动力的重新组合,生产队的消亡就成为ー种历史的必然。<br />
<br />
"With the implementation of the rural responsibility system, the development of commodity production and the recombination of labor, the demise of the production team has become a historical necessity.<br />
<br />
“82年秋种以后,我把全公社150个生产队长召集到ー起,向他们宣布:'你们的历史使命结束了!生产队一级将从中国的地平线上永远地消失了!这些年你们带领群众立下了汗马功劳,党和人民不会忘记你们。<br />
<br />
"After the autumn planting in 1982, I summoned 150 production captains of the whole commune and announced to them: 'Your historical mission is over! The production team will disappear forever in China! Over the years, you have led the masses to make great contributions, so the party and the people will never forget you.'"<br />
<br />
“生产队的取消,突破了一个根深蒂固的传统观念——农村,就是从事农业生产的地方。解放了的生产力,在完成着自身的历史转折,从'体力型’转向'智力型’,从'农业型’转向'农工并举型’,不停地改变着农业内部的经济结构。<br />
<br />
"The cancellation of the production team breaks a deep-rooted traditional convention that countryside is a place engaged in agricultural production. The liberated productive forces are changing their own roles historically, from 'physical type' to 'intelligence type', from 'agricultural type' to 'agricultural and industrial combined type', constantly changing the internal economic structure of agriculture."<br />
<br />
“随着农业内部经济结构的改变,农村原有的知识结构就不相适应了。农民长期以来束缚在单一的知识结构里,沿袭着神农氏就有的农业知识。机械化虽然给他们带来ー些新的东西,但没有根本改变他们板结的知识土壤。过去农业的改革,都限于优良品种的调换,复种面积的增加。农民依靠四大作物创高产致富的希望, 像肥皂泡一年又一年地破灭了。现在农民把致富的希望从农业转向商品生产,他们对知识的渴求也转向了商品生产,但是他们没有条件进行专修。我们充分发挥了全镇680多名外请技工的作用,他们用新的知识、新的文化,医治历史留给农民的'贫血症’。全镇近年又开办经营管理、财会、修配、制图、机械、铸造、电器、塑料 エ艺、铝制品等42个专业培训班140余期,成千上万的农民从板结的土地上站了起来！<br />
<br />
"With the change of the internal economic structure of agriculture, the original knowledge structure in rural areas is not suitable. Farmers have been bound in a single knowledge structure for a long time, keeping agricultural knowledge alive since ancient times. Although mechanization has brought them something new, it has not fundamentally changed their knowledge structure. In the past, agricultural reform was limited to the exchange of fine varieties and the increase of sequential cropping area. Farmers' hopes of creating high yields and getting rich by relying on the four major crops have been dashed year after year like soap bubbles. Now farmers have shifted their hope of getting rich from agriculture to commodity production, and their thirst for knowledge has also shifted to commodity production, but they have no conditions to specialize in it. We give full play to the role of more than 680 skilled workers in the town, who draw on new knowledge and new culture to cure farmers' anemia left by history. In recent years, we set up 42 professional training courses in management, accounting, repair, drawing, machinery, casting, electrical appliances, plastic arts and aluminum products with more than 140 sessions in town. Thousands of farmers stood on their feet on the hardened land!"<br />
<br />
“干部的组织结构的改变,是最重要的一条。改革首先要改'火车头’,把'蒸汽机’改成'内燃机’。我刚来的时候,全镇大队一级干部,60%以上是土改和合作化时期的老同志,习惯了搞单一农业。这几年我们逐步调整了40多个班子, 改革用人制度,铁饭碗要打破,铁椅子要推倒,把不适应商品生产、只知道’腱朝 外,头朝里,抡起大镰使劲劈’的干部调换下来。时势造就着一代新人,现在是大将出马,元帅开帐,全镇出现了一大批’混世魔王’,把个宁海镇闹得天翻地覆!”<br />
<br />
"The change of the organizational structure of cadres is the most important one. First of all, the reform should change "locomotive" and "steam engine" into "internal combustion engine". When I first came to this town, more than 60% of the cadres of the whole town brigade were old comrades who experienced the period of land reform and agricultural cooperative campaign, so they were used to engaging in single agriculture. In recent years, we have gradually adjusted more than 40 teams, reformed the employment system, broke the iron rice bowl, and replaced the cadres who were not suitable for commodity production and only knew agriculture. The times have created a new generation. Now it is generals who go out and marshals who get promotion and a large number of "demons" have appeared in the whole town, turning Ninghai town upside down!"<br />
<br />
我惊叹,这一番“结构学”出自一个年轻的农村基层干部之胸!但作为文学, 我需要索取形象。不想他“顺手牵羊”,抬手指指进来送水的林场场长曲松庆说: “他就算ー个……”<br />
<br />
I was amazed that this "structuralism" was told by a young rural grassroots cadre! But because of literature, I need to ask for an image. I don't want him to be this character, so I raised his finger and pointed Qu Songqing, the forest farm director who delivered water, and said: "He can be accounted..."<br />
<br />
不拘一格<br />
<br />
Be Not Limited to One Type<br />
<br />
——用人之道一<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain TalentsⅠ<br />
<br />
这个经营着几万亩林场的场长的出山（或叫“进山”）是别具一格的。他原是桥子大队的一个社员,谢玉堂第一次听到他的名字是从“片长”汇报中,说这个曲松庆为盖房的事情顶撞大队长,片长去批评他,也被顶了回来。<br />
<br />
This director who runs tens of thousands of mu of forest farms took on a government post, which is unique. He used to be a member of Qiaozi Brigade. Xie Yutang first heard his name from the report of the head of region, saying that Qu Songqing contradicted the captain for building a house, and he was contradicted when he criticized Qu.<br />
<br />
谢玉堂派人把曲松庆叫了来,这个年纪比镇委书记大的庄户人,带着“官官相护”的成见,在他对面坐下。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang sent someone to call Qu Songqing. This farmer, who is older than the secretary of the town committee, sat down opposite him with the prejudice of "officials protecting each other".<br />
<br />
“曲松庆,你知道我叫你来干什么吗?”<br />
<br />
"Qu Songqing, do you know what I called you for?"<br />
<br />
“知道!”曲松庆心有灵犀一点通。<br />
<br />
"Yes!" Qu Songqing understood the meaning tacitly.<br />
<br />
“你头上的小角长得还挺硬邦的呀!”<br />
<br />
"You are so stubborn!"<br />
<br />
“我割的肉在家都放臭了,大队长不让盖,把地基都给扒了 ！”<br />
<br />
"The meat I cut stinks at home. The captain won't let me build a house and even remove the foundation!"<br />
<br />
“你先把房子停下。”<br />
<br />
"You stop building your house first."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“因为你和大队有矛盾。”<br />
<br />
"Because you have conflicts with the brigade."<br />
<br />
“当初盖房是党委批准的,现在书记和大队长闹矛盾,把我牵扯进去了,但是没有理由不让我盖房子。我的料都备好了,马上就要到雨季,再说我盖起一幢房也是美化了家乡,美化了祖国……”<br />
<br />
"At the beginning, building a house was approved by the Party committee. Now the secretary and the captain have conflicts and I’m also involved, but there is no reason not to let me build a house. My materials are ready, and it is going to be the rainy season soon. Besides, the house that I build can beautify my hometown and my motherland..."<br />
<br />
曲松庆不卑不亢地对答着。他那布满血丝的眼睛里,透出一种骨气。<br />
<br />
Qu Songqing answered in a neither humble nor arrogant way. In his bloodshot eyes, there was dignity.<br />
<br />
“你先回去,等候公社派人去处理。”<br />
<br />
"You can go back first and wait for the commune to send someone to deal with it."<br />
<br />
“停下不要紧,你什么时候给我解决? ”<br />
<br />
"It doesn't matter to stop building my house, but when will you solve it for me?"<br />
<br />
“三天之内！”<br />
<br />
"In three days!"<br />
<br />
曲松庆临走站起来说:“谢书记,当领导的处理问题首先要搞好调查研究。你的批评涉及我曲松庆,对的地方,我马上执行,偏的地方,我得保留意见……”<br />
<br />
Qu Songqing stood up before leaving and said, "Secretary Xie, when a leader deals with problems, he must first do a good job of investigation and research. If your criticism involving me is right, I will correct mistakes immediately, but I will have reservations if it is wrong..."<br />
<br />
那是一个不软不硬的钉子。<br />
<br />
He is like a nail that is neither soft nor hard.<br />
<br />
一个月之后,谢玉堂第二次把曲松庆叫到办公室里来了。<br />
<br />
A month later, Xie Yutang called Qu Songqing to the office for the second time.<br />
<br />
“你找我……有事吧?”曲松庆带有戒备地看着谢玉堂。<br />
<br />
"You asked me... for something?" Qu Songqing looked at Xie Yutang with vigilance.<br />
<br />
“镇党委决定让你到南山林场担任场长!”<br />
<br />
"The town party committee decided to let you go to Nanshan Forest Farm as the director!"<br />
<br />
“我……”曲松庆吃惊地瞪大了眼睛,他不敢相信这是真的,“我……行吗?”<br />
"Me..." Qu Songqing was in surprise, with eyes wide-open. He couldn't believe it was true. "Am I up to it...?"<br />
<br />
在谢玉堂眼里,面前的这个曲松庆已毫不陌生了:他当过生产小队长,他在东 北大兴安岭伐过木,他……谢玉堂似乎并不准备打消曲松庆的疑虑,而是像对一个已经任职多年的林场场长那样说:<br />
<br />
For Xie Yutang, Qu Songqing in front of him was no stranger: he worked as a production team leader, he cut wood in Greater Khingan Range, northeast China, and he... Xie Yutang did not seem to dispel Qu Songqing's doubts, but said to him as if Qu was a forest farm director who had served for many years:<br />
<br />
“几万亩林场,战线很长,那是全镇人民用血汗把它建起来的,你得明白这个分量。现在就由你来着手组林场的班子!”<br />
<br />
"The forest farm covers tens of thousands of mu, which means it takes a long time to finish this task. It was built by the diligent people of the whole town, so you have to understand its importance. Now it is up to you to set up the team for the forest farm!"<br />
<br />
当我年底第二次见到这位从土坷垃中拨拉出来的风云林场的场长时（现在他已成为一名宁海镇的共产党人）,他已经以林场为大本营,把事业的触须伸到了四面八方:办起了宁海刺绣厂、宁海第二百货公司、风云金矿、风云羊肉馆、贸易公司、 花木公司、建筑公司、冰库、砖厂、鸡场、客车出租。这个年近半百的人,成了一个大“托拉斯”的董事长。鬼知道他还从哪里弄了一辆黑色的“上海轿子”,进山的客人都用它接送。坐在飞驰的汽车上,你可以感觉得到现代动力正冲击着古老的山区！<br />
<br />
When I met the director of Fengyun Forest Farm for the second time at the end of the year (now he has become a Communist in Ninghai Town), he has taken the forest farm as his base camp and extended his business presence to all directions: Ninghai Embroidery Factory, Ninghai No.2 Department Store Company, Fengyun Gold Mine, Fengyun Mutton Restaurant, Trading Company, Flower and Tree Company, Construction Company, Ice Bank, Brick Factory, Chicken Farm and Bus Rental. This person, who is nearly half a century old, has become the chairman of a big "Trust". Who knows where he got a black sedan made in Shanghai, which was used to pick up and drop off guests going to the mountains. Sitting in a speeding car, you can feel the modern power impacting the ancient mountain areas!<br />
<br />
好马也吃回头草<br />
<br />
A Good Horse Will Also Turn Round to Graze on an Old Pasture<br />
<br />
——用人之道二<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain TalentsⅡ<br />
<br />
谢玉堂刚上任的时候,杜家瞳是有名的“幸福村” 。所谓幸福,并非丰衣足食之喻,而是领导班子涣散,社员可以任意逍遥。全村几百口子不仅工副业项目没有一个,1981年春谢玉堂带工作组进村时,还带去5000斤救济粮!<br />
<br />
When Xie Yutang first took office, DuJiatong was a famous "happy village". The so-called happiness is not a metaphor for ample food and clothing, but a lax leadership team and carefree members. There were none of sideline projects in the village home to hundreds of residents. When Xie Yutang brought the working group into the village in the spring of 1981, he also brought 2,500 kg of relief food!<br />
<br />
老支书胡风洲和能说会道的大队长孔庆富尿不到ー个壶里,而过去来驻点的 干部们,大都倾向于老支书（人们惯于对“老”有感情）,而把孔庆富说得一无是处。<br />
<br />
Hu Fengzhou, the old branch secretary, and Kong Qingfu, the eloquent captain, had different opinions. However, most of the cadres who came to the station in the past tended to support the old branch secretary (people are used to having feelings for the old), and regarded Kong Qingfu good for nothing.<br />
<br />
为了维护领导班子的统一,谢玉堂把孔庆富的大队长职务撤掉了。<br />
<br />
In order to maintain the unity of the leadership team, Xie Yutang removed Kong Qingfu as the captain.<br />
<br />
孔庆富跑“单帮”去了,到南乡涝夼大队的果酒厂当供销员。<br />
<br />
Kong Qingfu then became a self-employed businessman and worked as a supply and marketing staff in the fruit winery of Nanxiang Laokuang Brigade.<br />
<br />
涝夼大队支书张培清,也是胶东半岛上一名豪杰。他利用昆布山天然泉水资源办起了果酒厂,出产的枣酒、桃酒闻名遐迩。<br />
<br />
Zhang Peiqing, the branch secretary of Laokuang Brigade, is also an outstanding talent on Jiaodong Peninsula. He used the natural spring water resources of Khumbu Mountain to set up a fruit winery, producing famous jujube wine and peach wine.<br />
<br />
孔庆富的“能说会道”成了发展商品生产的优势,他懂信息,会核算,能交往, 每到一处都能很快地打开局面。<br />
<br />
Kong Qingfu's eloquence has become an advantage in developing commodity production. He knows information, calculation and communication well, and can quickly solve problems everywhere.<br />
<br />
1982年2月,谢玉堂托人捎信让孔庆富回来。<br />
<br />
In February 1982, Xie Yutang sent a message to let Kong Qingfu come back.<br />
<br />
“你找我?”孔庆富心里忐忑不安。在他被撤之后,曾大大地散布了一番对镇委书记的不满。<br />
<br />
"What happened?" Kong Qingfu felt uneasy. After his dismissal, he showed his discontent twith the secretary of the town committee to many people.<br />
<br />
“我撤了你的大队长,你知道是为什么吧?”<br />
<br />
"I dismissed you from your office. Do you know why?"<br />
<br />
“知道,我欺负胡风洲!”<br />
<br />
"Yes, I can’t cooperate with Hu Fengzhou!"<br />
<br />
“你下台以后有什么感想?”<br />
<br />
"How did you feel after you stepped down?"<br />
<br />
“挺苦闷的。我年轻力壮,想干一番事业……我想党委撤了我,这辈子不会再用我了！”<br />
<br />
"I was depressed. I am young and strong, and I want to make contributions... I think the party committee has withdrawn me and will not hire me again in my life!"<br />
<br />
“你对村里的工作有什么想法?”<br />
<br />
"What do you think of the work in the village?"<br />
<br />
“俺这个村……我干比他们干好。”<br />
<br />
"This village... I can do better than them."<br />
<br />
“你们那个’幸福村‘穷成那个样子,你有什么施政纲领?”孔庆富丢掉了拘束, 对着镇委书记念开了“商品经”:上建筑、上翻砂、上果酒……果然头头是道,高人一筹。<br />
<br />
"Your 'happy village' is poor. What policies do you have?" Kong Qingfu felt at home and talked about his opinions and experience about commodity to the secretary of the town committee: buildings, casting technique and fruit wine... Without doubt, he was better than others.<br />
<br />
谢玉堂说:“党委研究一下,你准备当个工业大队长。我给你厂房,再给你一部分资金,先把果酒厂办起来,你们村还是商品生产的空白……”<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang said: "The party committee has studied it, and you are going to be a captain managing an industry. I will give you factory buildings, and then give you some funds. First, the fruit winery should be set up, because your village doesn’t have any commodity production..."<br />
<br />
一个月之后,杜家瞳村果酒厂就酿出了第一批果酒,一口大缸飘溢着醇香。镇党委成员应邀去品酒,谢玉堂酒未沾唇,先已感到了甜意。<br />
<br />
A month later, Du Village Fruit Winery produced the first batch of fruit wine, and the vat was full of mellow fragrance. Members of the town party Committee were invited to taste wine, and Xie Yutang had felt sweet before the wine touched his lips.<br />
<br />
姜是小的辣<br />
<br />
The Younger, The Wiser<br />
<br />
——用人之道三<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain Talents Ⅲ<br />
<br />
1982年春节前,谢玉堂坐孔家疃大队的吉普车去海阳开会。路上,司机说:<br />
<br />
Before the Spring Festival in 1982, Xie Yutang went to Haiyang for a meeting in the jeep of Kong Brigade. On the way, the driver said:<br />
<br />
“谢书记,我给你推荐一个人吧。”<br />
<br />
"Secretary Xie, let me recommend someone to you."<br />
<br />
"谁?”<br />
<br />
"Who?"<br />
<br />
“王家疃标准件厂的厂长王荣团。你要起用了他,王家疃就有希望了！”<br />
<br />
"Wang Rongtuan, director of Wang Standard Parts Factory. If you appoint him to a job, there will be an opportunity for Wang village to be prosperous!"<br />
<br />
“你这么熟悉他?”<br />
<br />
"You know him so well?"<br />
<br />
“他是我小舅子!”<br />
<br />
"He is my brother-in-law!"<br />
<br />
这位司机还真有点“内举不避亲”的古人风。<br />
<br />
This driver was really a bit of an ancient style of "recommending talents even if they are his relatives".<br />
<br />
对于求贤若渴的谢玉堂来说,这信息的价值不可估量,因为逐渐落后于形势的王家疃,正需要一个得力的接班人。<br />
<br />
For Xie Yutang, who was thirsty for talents, the value of this information was immeasurable, because Wang village overtaken by events needed an effective successor.<br />
<br />
从海阳回来,谢玉堂就迫不及待地去了王家疃标准件厂。年轻的厂长站在冲压床前冲压着螺栓,他那宽厚的肩膀,似乎在等待着历史交给他的新使命。<br />
<br />
After returning from Haiyang, Xie Yutang couldn't wait to go to Wang Standard Parts Factory. The young factory director stood in front of the stamping press and stamped bolts. His broad shoulders seemed to be waiting for the new mission given to him by history.<br />
<br />
这果然是个难得的能人。开始,他一个人管着大队的扬水站,守着一台柴油机,他不满足于这种赋闲的营生,建议大队利用柴油机办个磨坊,一举两得。<br />
<br />
This was really a rare capable person. At first, he personally took charge of the pumping station of the brigade and guarded a diesel engine. He was not satisfied with this idle business, so he suggested that the brigade use the diesel engine to run a mill.<br />
<br />
磨坊办起来了,他见市场上缺螺栓,就去买了一块45号钢,用钻头钻上眼,再用钢铿加工,做了一个模具,再加上一把铁锤,一个星期就出了第一批产品。附近的丝绸厂听说了,一下子全买了去。一个模具、一柄锤子,一天竟能挣到4块钱,而 当时队上的工值是8角。<br />
<br />
When the mill was set up, he saw that there was a shortage of bolts in the market, so he bought a piece of No.45 steel, drilled a hole with a drill, processed it with a steel file, made a mold and a hammer, then the first batch of products came out in a week. Workers in a nearby silk factory heard about it and bought it all at once. A mold and a hammer can help Wang earn 4 yuan a day, while the salary on the team at that time was 8 cents.<br />
<br />
眼前的标准件厂成为拥有成套设备和200多人的颇具规模的工厂了,它的产品已经打到8个省,收入占全队总收入的80%以上。可是,王荣团还不是党员!而支部5个委员都靠在农业上。<br />
<br />
At present, the Standard Parts Factory has become a large-scale factory with complete sets of equipment and more than 200 people. Its products have reached 8 provinces, and its income accounts for more than 80% of the total income of the whole team. However, Wang Rongtuan is not a party member yet! The five members of the branch all rely on agriculture.<br />
<br />
新时期要什么样的共产党员?我们用什么样的新鲜血液充实党的基层队伍? 经济工作搞不上去能不能算个好支部?年轻的镇委书记在深思。<br />
<br />
What kind of Communist Party members do we want in the new period? What kind of fresh blood do we want to enrich the grass-roots ranks of the Party? Can we count a branch as a good one if it has bad economy? The young secretary of the town committee is thinking deeply.<br />
<br />
任何一种结构的改革,都不是一帆风顺的,谢玉堂遇到了历史因袭下来的强大惯性。<br />
<br />
The reform of any kind of structure is not easy. Xie Yutang has encountered a rooted problem left by history.<br />
<br />
8年前,王荣团向党支部递上了第一份申请书,到现在加起来8次申请、6次填表,党支部还要对他再考验,因为他“太年轻” !<br />
<br />
Eight years ago, Wang Rongtuan handed the first application to the Party branch. Up to now, he has applied for eight times and filled out six times, but the Party branch still tests him again because he is too young!<br />
<br />
年近花甲的老支书王应运,是城关一带拔尖的好书记,执行政策从来不走样。 他资历长,辈又大,村里人都敬仰他。他看不惯王荣团这个“孙子辈”的一些做法。 他认为他走的是“白专道路”。有人来厂里联系业务,留下吃饭,老书记得知必说: “不行,咱不能搞不正之风!”去东北买车床,要带点花生米,老书记ー摆手:“不批!”两个人碰碰磕磕的,少不了冒点火星。<br />
<br />
Wang Yingyun, an old branch secretary who was nearly 60 years old, was a top-notch secretary of Chengguan, and implemented policies adamantly. He had high seniority, so villagers admired him. He didn't like the practices of Wang Rongtuan, who was so young that he could even be his grandpa. He thought Wang only paid attention to scholar studies but ignored politics. Someone came to the factory to contact the business and stay for dinner. If the old secretary knew it, he must say: "No, this is dishonest practice!" When they went to the northeast to buy lathes, they want to bring some peanuts. But the old secretary waved his hand: "It is not approved!" These Two people usually had contradictions.<br />
<br />
在王应运眼里,王荣团是一只“刺猬”,丢了舍不得,捧着扎得慌。他是王家疃的“财神爷”，1981年支部给他定额12万,他咬咬牙干出个20万! 1982年给他定了24万,他一下子干了35万！1983年定了40万,他要创到55万！<br />
<br />
For Wang Yingyun, Wang Rongtuan was a hedgehog. He was reluctant to abandon him, but he was upset if he retained Wang Rongtuan. He was the "God of Wealth" of Wangjiatong. In 1981, the branch gave him a quota of 120,000, he gritted his teeth and earned 200,000 yuan! In 1982, the quota were 240,000 yuan, but he earned 350,000 yuan at once! In 1983, the goal was 400,000 yuan, but he wanted to hit 550,000 yuan!<br />
<br />
王荣团像个腾空而起的风筝,扶摇直上九重霄,老支书手中那一缕细线随时都有崩断的可能！<br />
<br />
Wang Rongtuan, like a kite soaring into the sky, flew high, and the thin line in the hands of the old branch secretary could break at any time!<br />
<br />
老支书向工厂派去一个“党代表”——一位离休的老党员王典乐,起个“监督” 作用。不想“党代表”干了两年,竟和王荣团“通同作弊”。谢玉堂去调查时,“党代表”说:“谢书记,我站在党的立场上说句话,王家疃要得好,非得王荣团来干书记!”<br />
<br />
The old branch secretary sent a "party representative", Wang Dianle, a retired old party member, to the factory to supervise Wang. However, the party representative who worked only two years "colluded" with Wang Rongtuan. When Xie Yutang went to investigate, the party representative said: "Secretary Xie, I want to stand on the party's position and say something. Wang Rongtuan has to be the secretary, if we want Wangjiatong to be better!"<br />
<br />
<br />
老支书闻风而动:“谁解决王荣团的组织问题,我官司打到中央!”<br />
<br />
The old branch secretary acted without delay upon hearing this: "If anyone solve the organizational problem of Wang Rongtuan, I will file a lawsuit in the central government!"<br />
<br />
谢玉堂一次次找王应运促膝长谈。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang had a long talk with Wang Yingyun again and again.<br />
<br />
无效。<br />
<br />
But he failed.<br />
<br />
就在这时,王荣团摆了挑子。<br />
<br />
At that moment, Wang Rongtuan gave in.<br />
<br />
正值各村向镇里呈报1983年生产计划,老书记战战兢兢地去报了个78万,而镇里要求他们拿到120万。<br />
<br />
When every village reported the 1983 production plan to the town, the old secretary reported 780,000 yuan with trepidation, but the town asked them to earn 1.2 million.<br />
<br />
王荣团要是一直把挑子擂下去,78万也保不住呀！老支书嘴上起了燎泡,他硬着头皮走进了王荣团的家门,对这个“孙子辈”说:<br />
<br />
If Wang Rongtuan continue to stop working, he can't even reach the goal of 780,000 yuan! The old branch secretary was anxious, so he bit the bullet, walked into Wang Rongtuan's house and said:<br />
<br />
“你的组织问题,支部早在考虑……”<br />
<br />
"The branch has long considered your organizational problems..."<br />
<br />
王荣团把腿一伸:“我不是为‘组织‘不干。我是一个群众,没有那么大的能力再干下去了,标准件厂那么大的’西瓜’,支部不应该去捡起来?”<br />
<br />
Wang Rongtuan stretched out his leg: "I stopped working not because I’m not enrolled in the Communist Party pf China. I am a mass, and I don't have so much ability to go on. Should the large-scale Standard Parts Factory not be managed by the branch?"<br />
<br />
老支书被噎住了。他万万没有想到,他掉进了这位年轻共产党人的“圈套”之中。这一切,也包括王荣团的“台词”,都是镇委书记一手导演出来的。<br />
<br />
He was speechless. He never imagined that he fell into the trap of the young Communist. All this, including Wang Rongtuan's lines, were directed by the secretary of the town committee.<br />
<br />
这也算“斗争艺术”——狡猾狡猾的！<br />
<br />
This is also a cunning "art of conflicts"!<br />
<br />
“孙子辈”治住了“爷爷辈”！<br />
<br />
The "Grandson" won the victory!<br />
<br />
王家疃的这场斗争并没有因此停止,他和后面的故事连接到了一起。<br />
<br />
The conflict in Wang village did not be solved. It was connected with the following stories.<br />
<br />
论资排辈<br />
<br />
Assign a Job in Accordance with Qualifications And Seniority<br />
<br />
——用人之道四<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain TalentsⅣ<br />
<br />
幼年的时候,我把那相距二里之遥的东油坊看成是“天府之国”。他们在全县第一个办起了农业合作社,第一个小麦亩产过千斤,第一个日工值达到1元。他们种植的大蒜创过亩产一万二千斤的记录。那是一片富庶之地,是人间乐土!东油坊找的媳妇,都是百里挑一的!<br />
<br />
When I was young, I regarded Dongyoufang, which was two miles away, as a "land of abundance". It was the first to set up an agricultural cooperative in the county, have wheat yield exceeding 500 kg per mu, and reach 1 yuan of salary per day. The garlic they planted has reached a record of 12,000 jin per mu. It was a land with abundant resources and a paradise on earth! Daughters-in-law found in Dongyoufang were all one in a thousand!<br />
<br />
这个村因有一座古老的油坊而得名。那古老的油锤声虽然早已消失在历史深处,但是,古朴的村风却世代延续下来。至今,这个村里的人不赶集,不站街头,不大吃大喝,有了钱攒起来,包一层裹一层,再套上一把锁。搞传统农业,谁也搞不过他们,从中华人民共和国成立以来他们就在全县遥遥领先,各村的土墙上大都写着 这样的标语:“学路线,狠抓纲,坚决超过东油坊!”<br />
<br />
This village was named after an ancient oil mill. Although the ancient sound of oil hammer has long disappeared in the depths of history, the simple village style has continued from generation to generation. Up to now, people in this village don't go to the market, stand on the streets, squander money. When they have money, they save it, wrap it in layers, and put on a lock. No one can beat them in traditional agriculture. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, they have been far ahead in the county. Most of the earth walls of villages were written with such slogans: "Learn the line, pay close attention to guiding principles, and resolutely surpass Dongyoufang!"<br />
<br />
东油坊人心里有谱,摆弄土坷垃,够你们赶一气的！<br />
<br />
People in Dongyoufang knew the score. Regarding to land, it was hard for them to catch up!<br />
<br />
可是,后面的人坐着汽车撵上来了——<br />
<br />
However, people lagging behind caught up in a car.<br />
<br />
孔家疃书记曲培萱,有一天乘坐吉普车到东油坊办事,东油坊老支书曲廷璞看了略眼,一见到谢玉堂就叨叨:“你说他年轻轻的,不是摆谱吗?挣了两个钱烧的!”谢玉堂说:“不是他’变’了,是你应该适应新形势了 ！”<br />
<br />
Qu Peixuan, secretary of Kong village, took a jeep to work in Dongyoufang one day. Qu Tingpu, the old branch secretary of Dongyoufang, was annoyed when he saw the jeep. When he saw Xie Yutang, he said, "Qu Peixuan is young, and it seems he is showing off when he sits in a jeep. His money burns a hole in his pocket!" Xie Yutang said: "It is not that he has changed, but that you should adapt to the new situation!"<br />
<br />
曲廷璞心里不着实,又和本村社员叨叨:“过去的干部,连自行车都不骑,现在 有些年轻人坐着吉普到处颠,他们怎个看法?”一个社员当即回答他:“人家书记坐 汽车,社员跟着拿坐汽车的钱！咱的书记坐牛车,咱就跟着挣个牛车钱。俺巴不得你去坐飞机,跟着你挣坐飞机的钱哪个不高兴?”<br />
<br />
Qu Tingpu was uneasy, so he talked with his village members: "In the past, cadres didn't even ride bicycles. Now some young people are sitting around in jeeps. What do they think?" A member immediately answered him: "Their secretary takes the car, and the members earn the money of taking the car! Our secretary takes an ox cart, so we earn the money of taking an ox cart. I wish you would take the plane, and which one is unhappy to earn the money of taking the plane with you?"<br />
<br />
曲廷璞被震动了！不久,又一件事更震动了他:镇党委组织全体支部书记、大队长巡回参观。去了西关,去了新牟,去了王家疃,去了孔家疃,唯独把东油坊隔过去了。曲廷璞当时正住院,听了以后心里难受啊。5尺长的汉子,入党30多年,让人“绕”过去了!（这又是镇委书记的激将法之一）他若在场,真要找块石头碰死!<br />
<br />
Qu Tingpu was amazed! Soon, another thing shocked him even more: the town party committee organized visits for all the branch secretaries and captains. They visited Xiguan, Xinmou, Wang village and Kong village, but only ignored Dongyoufang. Qu Tingpu was in hospital at that time, and he felt uncomfortable after listening to it. A man who had joined the party for more than 30 years, was ignored! (This was reverse psychology of the secretary of the town committee.) If he had been there, he might have struck his head against a stone!<br />
<br />
谢玉堂到医院来看他,安慰他:“你好好养病,让你干20年!”镇委书记知道他的心病,给他吃“宽心丸”。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang came to the hospital to see him and comforted him: "You should take good care of your health and I will let you work for 20 years!" Knowing his worries, the secretary of the town committee gave him a "relief pill".<br />
<br />
他已当了16年支书,想巴结着凑个整数——20年（前一任支部书记曲维模任职也是20年）。可是他一出院,谢玉堂就上门让他考虑接班人的问题,好像忘了在医院的许诺。<br />
<br />
He had been a branch secretary for 16 years, and wanted to make up a round number of 20 years (Qu Weimo, the former branch secretary, also served for 20 years). However, when he was discharged from hospital, Xie Yutang came to ask him to consider the successor, as if he had forgotten his promise in the hospital.<br />
<br />
曲廷璞摇摇头:“我这几年培养了4个,一个好仔儿也没有!”<br />
<br />
Qu Tingpu shook his head: "I have trained 4 in recent years, but there are no appropriate successor!"<br />
<br />
“孔祥烈怎么样?他行不行?”<br />
<br />
"How about Kong Xianglie? Can he do it?"<br />
<br />
“不行！他的外号叫滑石猴!”<br />
<br />
"No way! His nickname is talc monkey (Folk stone carvers in Yechen County have been using traditional techniques to carve small monkey-shaped objects from scraps)!"<br />
<br />
<br />
“人无外号不发,孙悟空不是石猴出世吗?能七十二变、大闹天宫翻龙府,正好。他搞农业能那么专,搞工业也能专上去!”孔祥烈是当地有名的粮食专家,虽然不算年轻,可是个灵通人。他在一亩地里种出过1740斤玉米。莱阳县杨家庄请他去“指导”,他不用对方开口,就能说出小麦的品种;看看分蘖,就能说出某月某日播的种,这使杨家庄的人大为震惊。他过去不懂工业,学了七天“七大管理”“八大指标”,一下子考了98分！他是个识时务者！<br />
<br />
"People don't have nicknames. Isn't the Monkey King a monkey born from a stone? It can got 72 transformations and make a fuss in Heaven and Dragon Palace of the Eastern Sea. He is so specialized in agriculture, so he can also specialize in business!" Kong Xianglie is a famous local food expert. Although he is not young, he is a well-informed person. He planted 870 kg of corn in one mu of land. People in Yangjiazhuang, Laiyang County asked him to guide them in the sector of agriculture. He can tell the variety of wheat before others told him and he can tell the seeds sown on a certain day of the month after he saw tillers, which shocked the people in Yangjiazhuang. He didn't know anything about business in the past. He studied seven management methods and eight indicators for seven days, however, he scored 98 points at once! He is a man recognizing current trends!<br />
<br />
“不行,把权交给他我不放心!”曲廷璞坚持着。<br />
<br />
"No, I’m worried to give him the right!" Qu Tingpu insisted.<br />
<br />
这场辩论一直持续到1983年12月20日,全镇1700名共产党员,集中在当年 八路军的根据地嵎峡河大队,进行一年一度的党员整风学习,并进行支部改选。谢玉堂把曲廷璞、王应运,还有嵎峡河的老书记孙承善和王贺庄的老书记王顺成召集到一起。他们是宁海镇的四个元老,他们的身上带着农村工作的每一个历史时期——土改、合作化、“学大寨”、“文化大革命”……现在他们围着火炉子,听年轻的镇委书记讲古:<br />
<br />
This debate lasted until December 20, 1983. 1700 Communist Party members in the whole town, assembled in the Yuxiahe Brigade, the base area of the Eighth Route Army, conducted the annual rectification study of Party members and re-elected their branch members. Xie Yutang brought Qu Tingpu, Wang Yingyun, Sun Chengshan, the old secretary of Yuxiahe Brigade, and Wang Shuncheng, the old secretary of Wang Hezhuang together. They were the four elders of Ninghai Town. They have experienced every historical period of work in rural areas, namely, land reform, cooperative transformation, learning from Dazhai in agriculture and Cultural Revolution... Now they are around the stove and listen to the young secretary of the town committee talking about stories:<br />
<br />
“刘邦起用韩信而兴汉,韩信年轻的时候,还钻过人家的胯裆;大将周勃是吹鼓手出身;樊哙是杀狗的,相当于咱食品公司的‘杀巴子’;陈平出身贫寒;萧何原来也只是个文书差事;刘邦也不过是‘片长’,十里亭长嘛！用人用其长,用其识,用其才……”讲到半截,谢玉堂出去接电话去了,曲廷璞对着三个老伙伴把拳头一攥、一伸,左右摆了摆,三个老伙伴立时理解了它的含义,那是他们几十年为之奋斗,付出了多少汗水和心血的东西,他们也从那里得到过骄傲和尊严。“这东西不能丢啊!”曲廷璞用强化的语气说。<br />
<br />
"Han Xin served Liu Bang so the Han dynasty became prosperous. When Han Xin was young, he even crawled through between others’ legs. General Bo Zhou was a trumpeter at first. Fan Kuai was a dog killer, which is equivalent to our food company's' butcher. Chen Ping was born in poverty. Xiao He turned out to be just a clerk. Liu Bang was a village headman! When we hire others, we need to find their strengths, knowledge and talents..." Before he finished his speech, Xie went out to answer the phone. Qu Tingpu clenched his fist, stretched it and swung it left and right to his three old partners. They immediately understood the meaning of the posture. They had fought for their job for decades by the sweat of their brow. They also got pride and dignity from it. "This can't be lost!" Qu Tingpu said in an intensified tone.<br />
<br />
谢玉堂又回过头来逐个谈心……这一夜,在这个小小的山庄里,老一代共产党人和年轻的共产党人都失眠了。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang turned around and talked with them one by one... That night, in this small village, the older generation of communists and the young communists couldn’t fall asleep.<br />
<br />
第二天,曲廷璞早饭也没吃得下,不过,他的话倒是表达了四位“元老”的心 声:“我要是犯了错误下去,摔我南墙上没意见,可我没犯错误!我知道车子转弯时要甩下一些人。我18岁当兵,跟党干了这么多年,从来没甩下去过。30年啦,我不想离开,心里难受——可是我听党委的……”<br />
<br />
The next day, Qu Tingpu didn’t want to eat breakfast. However, he really put the thoughts of the four elders into words: "If I make a mistake, it's okay to fire me, but I didn't make a mistake! I know that some people will be left behind when a car turns. I became a soldier at the age of 18 and I worked with the Party for so many years and have never been dumped. I have worked for 30 years, so I don't want to leave. I feel uncomfortable, but I will adhere to the directions of the party committee... "<br />
<br />
宁海镇的共产党人永远忘不了四个老书记向昨天告别的那一刻。主席台上, 党旗高悬,金匾夺目——那匾额金字是镇委书记亲笔题写的:“为革命立功,德高望重;为四化让贤,壮志不已。”四名即将离位的老同志,端坐在主席台上,下面坐着宁海镇的一千多名共产党员,他们默默对望。<br />
<br />
Communists in Ninghai Town will never forget the moment when the four old secretaries bid farewell to yesterday. On the rostrum, the party flag hung high and the gold plaque was dazzling. The gold characters of the plaque were personally inscribed by the secretary of the town Committee: "Making contributions to the revolution, you will be highly respected; Making way for the Four Modernizations, ambition will not be reduced." Four old comrades who were about to leave their posts were sitting on the rostrum, with more than 1,000 Communist Party members in Ninghai Town sitting below and looking at them silently.<br />
<br />
静极了!只有时间不停地越过空间。<br />
<br />
It was so quiet! Only time was flowing.<br />
<br />
“……同志们,我们年轻的共产党员,一定要以这四个老同志为榜样,带领群众在经济建设中,把宁海镇的新局面开创下去。任何时候,傲不长,欲不纵,乐不极,志不满,团结一致,奋发向前,用我们的双手,把宁海镇建设成一个富饶的宁海,美丽的宁海,强大的宁海。我们的目的一定要达到,也一定能够达到!胜利既然属于党,属于人民,当然也属于我们——宁海镇的共产党员们！”<br />
<br />
"… Comrades, our young Communist Party members must follow the example of these four old comrades and lead the masses to create a new situation in Ninghai Town in economic construction. At any time, you should not be arrogant, frivolous, greedy and unambitious. Instead, we should unite together, work hard, and use our hands to build Ninghai Town into a rich, beautiful and powerful town. Our goal should be achieved, and must be achieved! Since victory belongs to the Party and the people, it certainly belongs to us, the Communist Party members in Ninghai Town!"<br />
<br />
镇委书记谢玉堂致辞完毕,四位“元老”手捧金匾,在他们各自的接班人搀扶 下——王荣团扶着王应运,王可勇扶着王承善,孙祥烈扶着曲廷璞,王忠武扶着王 顺成——向台下走去。他们是戴着红花走下历史的舞台的！<br />
<br />
After Xie Yutang, secretary of the town committee, delivered his speech, four elders holding the golden plaque walked off the stage with the help of their respective successors. Wang Rongtuan supported Wang Yingyun; Wang Keyong supported Wang Chengshan; Sun Xianglie supported Qu Tingpu, and Wang Zhongwu supported Wang Shuncheng. They walked off the stage of history with red flowers!<br />
<br />
全场起立,向这庄严的场面报以泪水和掌声！<br />
<br />
The audience stood up and responded to this solemn scene with tears and applause!<br />
<br />
至此,宁海镇的共产党人更新了他战车上的每一根大轴、每一个齿轮。<br />
<br />
At this point, the Communists in Ninghai Town updated every big shaft and every gear on their chariot.<br />
<br />
第七章敬礼!西关文化<br />
<br />
Chapter 7 Salute! Xiguan Culture<br />
<br />
西关公园及西关人<br />
<br />
Xiguan Park and Residents in Xiguan<br />
<br />
——向旧文化告别<br />
<br />
—Say Goodbye to the Old Culture<br />
<br />
若是亲爱的读者对这漫长的旅行已感到了疲惫,我们不妨拐进中国农民兴建的第一座农村公园,稍事休憩,看一看“西关文化”。<br />
<br />
If dear readers are tired of this long journey, we might as well go to the first rural park built by Chinese farmers, have a rest and look at the Xiguan Culture.<br />
<br />
文明来到了西关这片古老的土地上。公园里经常举行各种各样的农民舞会、农民歌咏会、农民运动会。1984年春节的运动会上,党支部书记李德海连拿200米田径冠军、象棋冠军、举重冠军。出奇的是观看运动会的社员也得奖品,“以资鼓励”,那是为了冲击一下“蹦蹦跳跳何不去抡镰头”的旧观念。<br />
<br />
Civilization came to Xiguan, an ancient land. Various farmer dance parties, farmer singing meetings and farmer sports meetings are often held in the park. At the Spring Festival sports game in 1984, Li Dehai, secretary of the Party branch, won the 200-meter dash, chess and weightlifting champion. Surprisingly, the members who watched the sports game also got prizes as encouragement, which was to influence the old idea of "why not swing the sickle when you are jumping".<br />
<br />
走出公园,穿过宽阔的“文化路”,绕过机声隆隆的“十大企业”,让我们再去看看西关大队的奶牛场,成群的奶牛每天挤出一桶桶的鲜奶,西关人提着暖瓶来把牛奶打回家去,代替以前的高粱糊糊。西关人在改变着食品结构,讲究吃的文化。他们讲究的不是油水,而是口味。讲氨基酸、维生素、高蛋白。母亲和妻子不必在一个锅里做两样饭,把一家人的饭食分成等级,也不必偶尔吃一顿好饭而回避着街坊邻居,因之产生“好饭不怕晚”的俚语,更不会有老观念中的“偷嘴媳妇”。村中心的西关饭庄里有高级厨师和各种山珍海味,社员在家中只要拿起电话,红彤彤的烧对虾、亮晶晶的扒海参、白生生的芙蓉干贝、香喷喷的松鼠鱼,会按时给送上门。打开精制的酒柜,你会看到精装的茅台和罐装的青岛啤酒,餐室里配置有带转盘的餐桌,上面经常摆着北京烤鸭和火锅涮海珍。<br />
<br />
Walking out of the park, crossing the wide cultural road and bypassing the Top Ten Enterprises with rumbling machines, we can see the dairy farm of Xiguan Brigade again. People in Xiguan milk groups of cows every day, and they carry thermos flasks to take the milk home to replace sorghum paste. Xiguan people are changing the food structure and paying attention to the culture of eating. What they pay attention to is not grease, but flavour. They care about amino acids, vitamins and high protein. Mother and wife don't have to cook two kinds of dishes in one pot to divide the family's meals into grades. You don't have to avoid your neighbors when eating a good meal occasionally. As a result, the slang of "good things come to those who wait" comes into being, and there will absolutely be no wife sneaking a taste of food in the old concept. There are senior chefs and various delicacies in Xiguan Restaurant in the center of Zicun Village. Members only need to pick up the phone at home, and red roasted prawns, sparkling sea cucumbers, white scallops and delicious yellow croakers will be delivered to their homes on time. If you open the refined wine cabinet, you will see Maotai with good package and canned Tsingtao Beer. The dining room is equipped with a dining table with a turntable, on which Beijing roast duck and seafood hot pot are often placed.<br />
<br />
我们不妨再看一看西关人住的文化。第一代住房是茅草屋,那也许是人类从原始的进化期就有的——木窗棂,土打墙,又低又矮,这模式一直延续到“文革”后期还屡见不鲜。第二代住房是李德海就任大队支书后由大队统一规划的砖瓦平房,一户三间,对面锅台对面炕,独门小院,也颇宽敞幽静。第三代住房是三中全会后兴建起来的。电灯电话,楼上楼下,却有别于城市里的单元公寓——每家都有个小院,建筑面积110平方米。有带晒箱的洗澡间,有瓷砖壁的厨房,有宽敞明亮的客厅和餐室。厨房里用的是煤气炉——大队有自己的煤气站。现在不必再贴灶王爷——习惯和观念都是生活造成的,改造它也靠生活本身。如今富足的西关人也有闲情厕身于艺术,把漂亮的影星请到宽敞的家里来做客,她们有张瑜、陈冲、丛 珊、刘晓庆、张金玲——当然,现在还仅限于她们的剧照,好客的主人等待着有一天 她们能从银幕上走下来,坐进他们这布满红木家具的第三代“农舍”。不,等她们到来的时候,西关人的第四代住房已经竣工,那是别墅式的小楼,它的建筑面积达200平方米,其规格、样式、造价都足以和那些“将军楼”“专员楼”媲美。而在这楼房里生活的老人们,将和国家职工一样地享受退休金,每月60元,外加“工龄补贴”。西关人的“工龄”,是从三中全会召开的1978年开始计算,这是耐人寻味的。<br />
<br />
We might as well look at the culture of the living conditions for Xiguan people again. The first generation of these residents lived in thatched cottages with wood panels and low earth wall that human beings have had this pattern since their primitive evolution period. It was widespread until the late Cultural Revolution. The second-generation housing was a brick bungalow planned by the brigade after Li Dehai took office as the branch secretary of the brigade. It had three rooms, and the kitchen was in the opposite of the heatable brick bed. It also had a small courtyard with one door, quite spacious and quiet. The third generation housing was built after the Third Plenary Session. There were lights and telephones upstairs and downstairs, which were different from the unit apartment in the city. Each family had a small courtyard with a building area of 110 square meters. There were bathrooms with a dryer, kitchens with ceramic walls, spacious and bright living rooms and dining rooms. In the kitchen was a gas stove, because the brigade had its own gas station. Now there is no need to stick the picture of the Kitchen God. Habits and ideas are caused by life, and they depend on life itself to transform them. Nowadays, wealthy Xiguan people also have free time to enjoy art. They invite beautiful movie stars, including Zhang Yu, Chen Chong, Cong Shan, Liu Xiaoqing and Zhang Jinling, to be guests in their spacious homes. Of course, these are only stage photos. Hospitable hosts are waiting for their arrival in their third generation "farmhouse" full of mahogany furniture from the screen one day. No, when they arrive, the fourth generation housing of Xiguan people had been completed. It was a villa-style small building with a building area of 200 square meters, and its specifications, styles and cost will be comparable to those of "General Building" and "Commissioner Building". The old people living in this building will enjoy pension of 60 yuan per month and wage for seniority in the same way as the national employees. It is intriguing that the seniority of Xiguan people began to be calculated in 1978 when the Third Plenary Session was held.<br />
<br />
西关人在创造着崭新的西关文化,这是和物质文明相伴而来的精神文明。他们把自己生活的地方整个儿变成了一个大花园。<br />
<br />
Xiguan people are creating a brand-new Xiguan culture, which is a spiritual civilization accompanied by material civilization. They turned the whole place where they lived into a big garden.<br />
<br />
“西关文化”的创造,不能不追溯到最初滚动起“锈蚀的车圈”的人——党支部书记李德海。当党中央在三中全会上向全党发出新的指令,许多人还在互相询问“什么？刚才喊的是什么”的时候,李德海已经迎着发令枪的啸音弹跳了出去,成 为胶东改革“鱼肚白”时的一颗启明星!他利用巩固的集体经济,一下子转入了大工业,创造了一个又一个的胶东之最——最早达到人均分配1000元,最早实现电视村,最早在村里设了电话总机,最早修起农民公园,最早办起农民中等专科学校……现代化像个活蹦乱跳的怪物,猛烈地冲击着古朴的传统!<br />
<br />
The creation of Xiguan Culture must be traced back to Li Dehai, secretary of the Party branch, who first rolled up the "rusty car circle". When the CPC Central Committee issued new instructions to the whole party at the Third Plenary Session, many people were still asking each other, "What? What are these instructions?". But Li Dehai had bounced out against the whistling sound of the starting gun and became a star of Jiaodong's new reform! Taking advantage of the consolidated collective economy, he suddenly transferred to the big business, contributing the most to Jiaodong. Jiangdong was the first village where the distribution money was 1000 yuan per person, the first to have TV, the first to set up a telephone switchboard, the first to build a farmer park, and the first to set up a farmer secondary college... Modernization is like a living monster, violently impacting the quaint tradition!<br />
<br />
李德海语录<br />
<br />
Quotations from Li Dehai<br />
<br />
——向老皇历告别<br />
<br />
—Say Goodbye to the Old Chinese Almanac<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“正其义,不谋其利。君子谋道不谋食。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Everything is done for the sake of justice and not for personal gain. A gentleman pursuits Tao rather than food."<br />
<br />
李德海对经济学家薛暮桥说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai told economist Xue Muqiao:<br />
<br />
“‘大锅饭’”与社会主义,挫伤了群众的积极性。不是‘我要干’,而是‘要我干’, 离开干部的眼就耍熊。那时候都觉着干部难当,群众不好领导,但却找不到病根。三中全会以后,群众有了干劲。为什么？这是:人叫人干人不干,政策调动一大片。<br />
<br />
"Food prepared in a large canteen and socialism have dampened the enthusiasm of the masses. It's not 'I want to do it', but 'I am asked to do it'. If they leave cadres, they will act timidly. At that time, we all felt that it was difficult to be a cadre and lead the masses, but we could not find the answer. After the Third Plenary Session, the masses are active. Why? The conclusion is: people are reluctant when they are asked by other people, but policies can mobilize a large number of them."<br />
<br />
“从分配制度上我们是自负盈亏,应当说这是个好饭碗,但不是铁的,不好好干,碗里就没有东西,干得好,收入还不少于国家干部。所以,我们的生产积极性和服务态度可以比国营企业好。再一个,我们‘船小掉头快’,办事自己说了算。官不论大小,说了算就好。不用‘商议商议’‘研究研究’,搞公文旅行。有了这两条,再好好地研究市场,研究消费者需要什么,拾漏补缺,发挥自己的优势……”<br />
<br />
"From the distribution system, we are responsible for our own profits and losses. It should be said that this is a good rice bowl, but it is not an iron one. If we don't do well, there will be nothing in the bowl. If we do well, our income will not be less than that of national cadres. Therefore, our production enthusiasm and service attitude can be better than those of state-owned enterprises. Besides, we "turn around quickly because our ship is small", so we have the final say when dealing with things. It’s good for officials, big or small, to have the final say. We don’t have to ‘negotiate’ or ’study’ with others, leading to tedious and time-consuming process of files and documents. With these two advantages, we will further study the market well, study what consumers need, find out our mistakes, make up for them, and give full play to our own advantages..."<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“知识分子是臭老九……”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Intellectuals are Stinking Old Ninth (ten "castes" of Chinese: bureaucrats, officials, Buddhist monks, Taoist priests, physicians, workers, hunters, prostitutes, (ninth) Confucian scholars and finally beggars)..."<br />
<br />
李德海对某组织部长说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai said to an organization minister:<br />
<br />
“诸葛亮活了56岁,就是不能用人,一个人干,累死了。用兵就是用人,企业管理的核心就是管人,所以我的责任就是管人。管好这个生产力的‘最关键因素’。……官僚主义不爱惜人才,他需要奴才!经营一个企业,必须能拿到利润。靠拼体力,顶多能使利润慢慢地增长,而人才是‘核反应堆’,使利润成倍增长。<br />
<br />
"Zhuge Liang lived 56 years old, but he didn’t know how to find others’ potential, so he was tired to death. To use military forces is to employ talented people, and the core of enterprise management is to manage people, so my responsibility is to manage people. Managing this "most critical factor" in production... Bureaucracy doesn't care for talents, but needs sycophants! To run a business, you must be able to get profits. With labour, profits can grow slowly at best, while talents are "nuclear reactors", which can multiply profits.<br />
<br />
“管好人首先要责任明确。这要有两条保证:政治权力务实,经济利益直接。共产主义时代人们以最高的觉悟代替责任制,到那时应干的,没人不让干,有人不让干,我也要干,不应该给的没人给,有人给我也不要。这就是共产主义觉悟。过去的政治工作,整天翻档案,现在的政治工作,要转向为经济工作服务……<br />
<br />
"Managing people well must first require clear responsibilities. There are two guarantees: exercising political rights well and controlling one’s own benefits. In the Communist era, people replaced the responsibility system with the highest awareness. At that time, no one will refuse to do what should be done; I will still do what should be done even if I am not allowed to do it; no one will give what should not be given, and I will not receive it even if others give what should not be given to me. This is communist awareness. In the past, political work included turning over archives all day, but now political work should help to improve the economy... "<br />
<br />
“礼治君子,法治小人,棒子治驴。前两句是孔子的,后一句是我的。”<br />
<br />
"Courtesy governs the gentleman; law deals with the villain; sticks frighten donkey. The first two sentences are from Confucius and the latter sentence is from me."<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“新三年,旧三年,缝缝补补又三年。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "When you buy something to use, it is new for you in 3 years. Then it will become old in next 3 years. At last, it needs to be repaired to use in the last 3 years."<br />
<br />
李德海对新华社社长穆青说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai told Mu Qing, Xinhua News Agency President:<br />
<br />
“我不带头存款,我带头消费。消费可以刺激生产。低标准,低消费,自满自足的生活方式是小生产观念的反映。简朴是一种美德,但简朴不等于安贫。艰苦朴素是我们的传统,但不是我们追求的目的。西关大队要有300万存款就不好领导了,坐着吃利息,导致社会经济瘫痪。猪肥了不动弹。生产,分配,流通,消费,是商品的总体过程,高分配必须伴随着高消费。外国人能享受的,我们中国人到时候也能享受!我们规定:凡购买十四寸彩电者,每台补贴300元;凡购买电冰箱、电风扇、录音机、洗衣机者,每年补贴零售价的25% ;凡购买新式家具者,每件补贴购进价的10%,鼓励消费。现在全村彩电和新式家具已达到100%。"<br />
<br />
"I don't take the lead in saving money, but I take the lead in spending. Consumption can stimulate production. The lifestyle of low standard, low consumption and complacency is the reflection of the concept of small production. Simplicity is a virtue, but simplicity does not mean poverty. Hard work and plain living are our tradition, but they are not our goal. If Xiguan Brigade has a deposit of 3 million yuan, it will be difficult to lead, because people in this brigade will sit down and enjoy interest, leading to social and economic paralysis. Pigs don't move when they are fat. Production, distribution, circulation and consumption are the overall process of commodities, and high distribution must be accompanied by high consumption. What foreigners can enjoy, we Chinese can enjoy it then! Our policies are that those who buy 14-inch color TV sets will be subsidized by 300 yuan per TV; Those who buy refrigerators, electric fans, tape recorders and washing machines are subsidized by 25% of the retail price every year; For those who buy new furniture, 10% of the buying price is subsidized for each piece to encourage consumption. Now everyone has color TV sets and new furniture in the village. "<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“当一天和尚撞一天钟。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Go on tolling the bell as long as one is a monk."<br />
<br />
李德海对剧作家漠雁说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai said to Mo Yan, a playwright:<br />
<br />
“我一辈子欠两个人的情,一个是我母亲的情,一个是共产党的情。我们共产党人要干一天打算一辈子。作为一个共产党员,你那个单位搞不好,就起到了反对党的作用,因为你导致了群众对党的不满。我们是共产党人,我们要维护共产党的事业,共产党的事业要令人向往!是真拥护党的路线,还是假拥护党的路线,检验的标准是实践,你能为党办成一点事也好！如果我们每个共产党人都在中华民族历史上做出一点点贡献的话,共产主义的到来就会大大加快！生当作人杰,死亦为鬼雄,君子持德不图其报,我们这些人都是为党死而后已的人,个人有什么呢?”<br />
<br />
"I owe two people in my life. One is my mother and the other is the Communist Party. We Communists have to plan our whole life for one day. As a Communist Party member, if your department is not good, it means the Party is prevented from development, because you have caused the masses to be dissatisfied with the Party. We are Communists, so we should safeguard the cause of the Communist Party, which should be desirable! The standard of test is practice, checking whether you really support the party's line or not. And it is good that you can accomplish something for the party! If each of us communists makes a little contribution in the history of the Chinese nation, the arrival of communism will be greatly accelerated! Be man of men while you're alive, and soul of souls if you're dead. A gentleman with virtue doesn’t ask for rewards. We are all people who can die for the party. Does it matter for only a person?"<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“知足常乐,安贫乐道。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Be content with your current situation and a simple but virtuous life."<br />
<br />
李德海对笔者说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai said to the author:<br />
<br />
“我喜欢和文艺界的人交往,一是你们说的话不为准,二是能开阔我的眼界。<br />
<br />
"I like to associate with people in the literary and art circles. First, what you say does not need to be exact. Second, but you can broaden my horizons."<br />
<br />
“历史上改革者都没有好下场。商鞅变革被五马分尸,王安石变法掉了乌纱帽。大将不怕阵前亡,有心当改革者就不怕掉脑袋！对改革的两种看法,过去有, 现在有,将来也有！长六指的人本来是怪异,突然割了去也觉得像少了什么。改革者的前提是爱国主义精神。爱国主义精神是最大的精神文明。国家如有难,汝当做先锋。共产党人为改革敢于去攻碉堡,敢于捐躯铺路。我说应该给改革者立功, 评一级英雄！<br />
<br />
"Reformers have never come to a good end in history. Shang Yang was dismembered because of his reform, and Wang Anshi lost his job because of the New Policies. A general is not afraid of dying in the battle, and if one wants to be a reformer, he is not afraid of losing his life! There are two views on reform in the past, now and in the future! People with six fingers were originally weird, and suddenly they felt like something was missing when a finger was cut off. The premise of reformers is patriotism. Patriotism is the greatest spiritual civilization. If your country is in trouble, you should be a pioneer. Communists dare to attack bunkers and die for reform. I think that we should make meritorious deeds to reformers and evaluate first- level heroes!"<br />
<br />
“改革也不是一朝一夕的事情。国营企业没松绑那时候,我们是活人和死人打仗,那还没有个赢?现在一松绑,有些人还麻木不仁,真正想干点事的人,现在就该加快步伐整顿。<br />
<br />
"Reform cannot be completed in a matter of days. At that time, when power was not devolved to the state-owned enterprises, we were fighting with the dead, so will we lose? Now that state-owned companies have power, some people are still insensitive. Those who really want to do something should speed up the pace of rectification now."<br />
<br />
“做什么事情不能有把握了再干,有个五六成就动手啊,说不定一干就干成了。 万无一失、手拿把攥的方案是没有的,按部就班,那不叫改革！<br />
<br />
"We can’t do something after we are sure about it. When the possibility of success is beyond 50%, we can embark on reforms and maybe we will be successful. There is no plan to be foolproof. Sticking to the rules is not reform!"<br />
<br />
“你们写文章要实事求是,不要把改革者写成神。只要写出改革者的苦衷,写出他们为什么要这么做,就行了！让外面知道中国农民是有血性、有志气、有刚火、有才干的,是能够夸耀于整个人类的！”<br />
<br />
"You should seek truth from facts when writing articles, and don't regard reformers as gods. Just write down the difficulties of reformers and why they did it! Let the outside know that Chinese farmers are enthusiastic, upright, ambitious, competent and talented, and can be praised among the whole mankind!"<br />
<br />
黄昏中的曲线<br />
<br />
Curvy Figures in the Dusk<br />
<br />
——向封建礼教告别<br />
<br />
—Say goodbye to Feudal Ethics<br />
<br />
一个小小的村子,一下拿出20万元,建起两个露天游泳池,在全国也许是第 一家。<br />
<br />
A small village spent 200,000 yuan at a time on two outdoor swimming pools, which may be the first one in China.<br />
<br />
西关游泳池开放那天,正逢我在他们大队采访,那是7月16日,头一天,李德 海到游泳池边巡视一圈,觉得这里少了点什么,当即把大修厂厂长和玩具厂的厂长叫了来:<br />
<br />
On the opening day of Xiguan Swimming Pool, I was interviewing their brigade. It was July 16. Before the day, Li Dehai visited the swimming pool and felt that there was something missing here. He immediately called the director of a garage and a toy factory:<br />
<br />
“搞两个跳水台,两个更衣室,要符合规格,美观大方,明天早晨我来看！”<br />
<br />
"Build two diving platforms and two locker rooms, which should meet the specifications and be beautiful and tasteful. I will come to see them tomorrow morning!"<br />
<br />
两位厂长不敢怠慢,连夜带领工人铆、焊、锯、接,第二天来参加剪彩仪式的人们瞠目结舌,游泳池端神话般地立起两个高高的跳水台,那是足以和“奥运会”赛场上的跳水台媲美的,另外还有两个小别墅式的浅绿色的更衣室。<br />
<br />
The two factory directors did not dare to neglect, so they led the workers to do their jobs, welding and sawing overnight. The people who came to attend the ribbon-cutting ceremony the next day were stunned. Erected at the end of the swimming pool surprisingly were two high diving platforms, which were comparable to the diving platforms in the Olympic Games. There were also two small villa-style light green locker rooms.<br />
<br />
姑娘们不好意思走近游泳池跟前,用正眼去看那些裸露着肌肤的小伙子们,但新生活的浪花毕竟有巨大的吸引力,小伙子们在池中的每一声拍击都回荡着文明的呼唤。<br />
<br />
Girls were embarrassed to approach the swimming pool and look at the bare-skinned boys, but after all, the waves of new life had great attraction, and every slap of the boys in the pool echoed the call of civilization.<br />
<br />
于是,有两位姑娘挺身而出,在黄昏时起程,开始了向文明的过渡——她们带着羞颜租了游泳衣和救生圈,在晚霞中显露出自己优美的曲线——世界突然发现了她们,她们解下了束在身上的封建礼教,勇敢地向水中跳去,让肌肤贴着新生活的潮流。<br />
<br />
So, two girls stepped forward and set out at dusk to the transition of civilization. They rented swimming suits and lifebuoys with shame, and showed their beautiful curves in the sunset. The world suddenly found them. They took off the feudal ethics tied around their bodies and bravely jumped into the water, letting their skin feel the trend of new life.<br />
<br />
不幸的是,像任何的开拓和探索,都会遇到风浪和波折,一位姑娘不慎将救生圈脱手,这里的水深是2米至4米,她陷于“灭顶之灾”。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, like any development and exploration, there will be storms and difficulties in the process. A girl didn’t seize her lifebuoy accidentally. The water depth here was 2 meters to 4 meters, and she was in danger.<br />
<br />
她的伙伴拼命为她呼喊:“快来救命呀!”<br />
<br />
Her partner shouted desperately for her: "Help!"<br />
<br />
在隔壁池里游泳的小伙子们,开始以为是一个玩笑,当发现是事实时,他们比任何时候都更踊跃,争先恐后地游上前来扶腰、托腿、拉臂、抱头……<br />
<br />
The boys swimming in the next pool began to think it was a joke. When it was found to be true, they were more active than ever, scrambling to swim forward to grab her waist, support her legs, pull her arms and hold her heads...<br />
<br />
两个姑娘回到了更衣室。<br />
<br />
The two girls returned to the dressing room.<br />
<br />
功勋卓绝的小伙子们都不想离去,刚才忙于救护,没有看清两个“开拓者”的芳颜,他们静静地守候在更衣室的门口,像等待着女皇加冕仪式……<br />
<br />
Boys helping a lot didn't want to leave. They just got busy with rescue, so they didn't see the two "pioneers" clearly. They waited quietly at the door of the locker room, like waiting for the coronation ceremony of the Queen...<br />
<br />
撕去封建礼教的遮布,他们也忽然发现了自己的姐妹,发现了美的曲线!<br />
<br />
Tearing off the cloth of feudal ethics, they suddenly discovered their sisters and the curve of beauty!<br />
<br />
但是,使他们大为失望的是,两位姑娘不愿以失败者的面目出现在异性面 前——从后门悄悄离去了!<br />
<br />
However, to their great disappointment, the two girls did not want to appear in front of the opposite sex as losers, so they quietly left through the back door!<br />
<br />
游泳池小小的涟漪冲击进西关大队办公室,有人把它传为险情,有人把它当作逸闻,胆子大的人们对李德海进谏:<br />
<br />
The small ripples in the swimming pool spread across the office of Xiguan Brigade. Some people regarded it as a danger, others regarded it as an anecdote. Some courageous people advised Li Dehai:<br />
<br />
“你修那个游泳池太深了,穆铁柱下去也不露头!”<br />
<br />
"That swimming pool you have built is too deep, and Mu Tiezhu (he is more than 2 memters) can be drowned when he went down!"<br />
<br />
“外国说儿童游泳对身体有好处,咱的池子那么深,儿童更下不去！”<br />
<br />
"Foreign countries say that swimming for children is good for their health. Our pool is so deep that children can't get down!"<br />
<br />
李德海没有回答,久久地沉默着。猛然,他拿起电话:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai did not answer and remained silent for a long time. Suddenly, he picked up the phone:<br />
<br />
“给我接建筑队……许经理吗?你来一下。”<br />
<br />
"Call the construction team... Manager Xu? Come here."<br />
<br />
李德海把建筑队的经理领到游泳池边,用手一指:“在这里再挖一个游泳池,一米五深。3天以内把土方挖完,5天砌好!”<br />
<br />
Li Dehai led the manager of the construction team to the swimming pool and pointed with his finger: "Dig another swimming pool here with the depth of 1.5 meters. Dig the earthwork within 3 days and build it in 5 days!"<br />
<br />
推土机隆隆地开上了那块古老的土地,要为姐妹们开辟ー个文明的渡口……<br />
<br />
Bulldozers rumbled on the ancient land to open up civilized ferry crossings for sisters...<br />
<br />
不久,新游泳池建成,姐妹们不必再用黄昏和暮色遮掩你们的曲线,在正午的阳光下走来吧,如果你们愿意,也不妨穿上比基尼泳装,新文明的春光属于你们的父兄,当然也属于你们!<br />
<br />
Soon, the new swimming pool was built. Sisters, you don't have to cover your curves with dusk and twilight. Come in the midday sun. If you like, you may as well wear bikinis. The spring of new civilization belongs to your father and brother, and of course it belongs to you!<br />
<br />
文明大厦的崛起<br />
<br />
The Rise of Civilization Building<br />
<br />
——向愚昧告别<br />
<br />
—Say goodbye to Ignorance<br />
<br />
李德海在西关创办了全中国第一座农民中专。<br />
<br />
Li Dehai founded the first farmers’ technical secondary school in Xiguan.<br />
<br />
西关农民中专设有乡镇商业和乡镇企业机械制造两个专业,今年首批招生 100名,也就是说,以后每年都将有100个“孙智坤”跨进这个全国第一个由农村生产队兴办的中等专科学校。<br />
<br />
Xiguan Farmers' Technical Secondary School has two majors: township commerce and township enterprise machinery manufacturing. This year, 100 students were enrolled first, that is to say, every year, 100 "Sun Zhikun" will step into the first secondary school set up by rural production teams in China.<br />
<br />
这所学校投资55万元,对于一个农村生产队,是一笔不小的数目。如今,这所文明的大厦已经矗立在宁海湖边。李德海兼任这所农民中专的校长,聘请山东经济学院院长张文杰为名誉校长,并聘请了13名大专毕业的教师。招生对象是高中毕业或具有同等学力的农村青年,参加全省农民中专统一招生考试。学制两年。学习期满、考试合格者,学校发给毕业证书。愿留西关村工作者,经半年实习录用,享受中专毕业生待遇,上学期间学费由西关村退给本人,并每月追发补贴30元。<br />
<br />
This school has invested 550,000 yuan, which is not a small amount of money for a rural production team. Today, this civilization building has stood by Ninghai Lake. Li Dehai is also the principal of this farmer technical secondary school, and Zhang Wenjie, president of Shandong Institute of Economics, is invited as honorary principal. 13 college graduates are hired. Prospective students are rural youth who graduated from high school or have the same educational level, who can participate in the entrance examination of farmers' technical secondary schools in the whole province. The length of schooling is two years. The school will issue graduation certificates to those who pass the examination after the completion of their studies. Workers who are willing to stay in Xiguan Village enjoy the treatment like technical secondary school graduates after half a year's internship. Tuition fees will be refunded to them by Xiguan Village during school, and 30 yuan will be subsidized every month.<br />
<br />
兴办这所中专的深远意义还在于从知识结构上改造农民队伍,由“体力型”转向“智力型”,使之适应现代化的需要,李德海已经看到,仅靠业余教育已远远不够,靠招聘也非长远之计。<br />
<br />
The far-reaching significance of setting up this technical secondary school lies in transforming the farmer’s team from "physical strength" to "intelligence" in terms of knowledge structure, so as to meet the needs of modernization. Li Dehai has seen that amateur education alone is far from enough, and recruitment is not a long-term solution.<br />
<br />
这里要提一笔的是,李德海的招贤纳士在胶东是闻名的。这里没有门户之见, 招聘来的人可以当厂长,当经理,拿西关最高工薪。在1000多名外来人中,人才济济、藏龙卧虎。他们中有会四种外语的经济专家、有机械行业闻名的工程师、有部队离休的团政治委员、有黄埔军校的军医、有“余热发电”的退休教师、有劳改释放的技术员、有李宗仁主持过婚礼的“右派厂长”、有走投无路想跳水库的技术科长、有备受打击的会计师、有逃婚在外的少女、有被哥嫂打出来的孤儿……<br />
<br />
It should be mentioned here that Li Dehai is famous for recruiting talents in Jiaodong. There is no bias against diploma here. The recruits can be factory directors and managers to get the highest salary in Xiguan. Among more than 1,000 outsiders, there are many talented people and undiscovered talents. Among them are economists who can speak four foreign languages, famous engineers in the machinery industry, retired political commissars of the regiment, military doctors of Republic of China Military Academy, retired teachers who still would like to make contributions in spare time, technicians released after the reform through labor, "right-wing factory director" who had a wedding presided by Li Zongren, technical section chief who had no way out to jump into the reservoir, accountants who have been lashed out, girls who have escaped from marriage, and orphans who have been beaten by their brothers and sisters...<br />
<br />
这些人在西关都找到了自己的位置,成为一个有用的人,为西关的起飞做出了贡献!<br />
<br />
These people have found their own position in Xiguan, become available to the society, and made contributions to the take-off of Xiguan!<br />
<br />
愚昧,不仅在于没有文化,更在于对文化的轻视和践踏!<br />
<br />
Ignorance lies not only in lack of culture, but also in contempt for and trampling on culture!<br />
<br />
随着党风的改进和企业的竞争,这些人才的社会来源将越来越少,西关应有自己的文化大厦,从里面走出自己的厂长、工程师、会计师、技术员。<br />
<br />
With the improvement of the Party's work style and the competition of enterprises, social sources of these talents will become less and less. Xiguan should have its own cultural building, from which its own factory directors, engineers, accountants and technicians will be nurtured.<br />
<br />
这就是1984年春天,在病中的李德海为什么急切地把厂长们叫到床前,分派木材厂做桌椅板凳和床铺,分派商场配备炊事用具、教学用具,分派总务主任置办办公设备。而有关人才的选聘,都是李德海亲顾茅庐。<br />
<br />
This is why in the spring of 1984, Li Dehai, who was ill, eagerly called the factory directors to the bed, assigned the timber factory to make tables, chairs, stool and beds, assigned the shopping mall to be equipped with cooking utensils and teaching utensils, and assigned the general affairs director to buy office equipment. And the selection and employment of talents are all managed by Li Dehai.<br />
<br />
有一天,烟台职业教育局一位处长向李德海传信,本县西留格庄联中有一位哈尔滨商校毕业的民办教师。李德海立时从炕上爬起——学校正缺商业专科教师, 他拉上县教育局的离休干部曲维涛登上吉普车。<br />
<br />
One day, a director of Yantai Vocational Education Bureau sent a message to Li Dehai, saying that there was an uncertified teacher who graduated from Harbin Commercial College in Liugezhuang Union Middle School of the western county. Li Dehai immediately climbed up from the heatable brick bed, because the school was short of business college teachers. He asked Qu Weitao, a retired cadre of the county education bureau, and boarded the jeep.<br />
<br />
天已中午,他连午饭也顾不上吃,滴着虚汗,操纵着方向盘,像一个往前方抢运弹药的火线驾驶员。<br />
<br />
It was already noon, but he can't even attend the lunch. Dripping with sweat, steering the steering wheel, he was like a driver rushing forward to transport ammunition.<br />
<br />
汽车径直开到那位教师的家门前,那位教师不知发生了什么事情,因为从来没 有坐吉普车的人来找过他。<br />
<br />
The jeep drove straight to the teacher's door. He didn’t know what happened, because no one in the jeep had ever come to him.<br />
<br />
“孔老师,我是来求贤的！”李德海进门第一句话这样说。<br />
<br />
"Mr. Kong, I'm here to seek talents!" Li Dehai said in the first sentence when he entered the house.<br />
<br />
这位被岁月夺走了青春的民办教师名叫孔庆埠,1957年商校毕业后,几十年来,他的专业一直没有得以应用。<br />
<br />
This uncertified teacher, who was not in his prime, was named Kong Qingbu. After graduating from business school in 1957, he has not applied his expertise for decades.<br />
<br />
“你在商校都学过一些什么课程?……西关中专准备设商业班,你愿不愿意应聘?”<br />
<br />
"What courses have you studied in business schools?... We are preparing to set up a business class in Xiguan Technical Secondary School. Are you willing to join us?"<br />
<br />
“二十多年了,学过的东西都忘了。有些知识也老化了。”<br />
<br />
"It has been over twenty years, so I have forgotten what I have learned. Some knowledge is not new."<br />
<br />
“忘了可以复习,比没有学过要强。去了以后可以边干边学,教学空闲到别的学校走一走,自己深造!”<br />
<br />
"You can review it even if you forget it, and forgetting knowledge is better than not learning. After you come to our school, you can learn knowledge while working, take a walk in other schools when you are free to pursue advanced studies!"<br />
<br />
这个被遗忘在穷山沟里20多年的商校毕业生,做梦也没想到自己的专业还会再有用武之地。他的结发妻子和3个孩子在一边眼巴巴地看着他。<br />
<br />
This business school graduate, who has been forgotten in the poor ravine for more than 20 years, never dreamed that his major would be useful again. His wife and three children watched him eagerly.<br />
<br />
“如果西关需要,李书记你瞧得起,我去！只是不知学校和乡里同意不同意。”<br />
<br />
"If Xiguan needs me and you think highly of me, I'll go! I just don't know if the school and the township agree or not."<br />
<br />
“由我来办!”<br />
<br />
"I'll do it!"<br />
<br />
李德海又登上吉普车,奔学校,奔乡政府去通融。这样一桩复杂的“人事”,从出车到事情定盘,总共用了40分钟的时间。3天以后,孔庆埠已经成了李德海家里的座上客了！<br />
<br />
Li Dehai boarded the jeep again, ran to the school and the township government to bend the rules. Such a complicated thing took a total of 40 minutes from getting out of the car to making a deal. Three days later, Kong Qingbu has become a guest at Li Dehai's home!<br />
<br />
第八章故乡的足音<br />
<br />
Chapter 8 Sound of Footsteps in Hometown<br />
<br />
1984年阴历大年初一,宁海镇举行了有史以来的第一次农民队伍的检阅。<br />
<br />
On the Chinses New Year's Day in 1984, Ninghai Town held the first ever inspection of farmers’ teams.<br />
<br />
迎着早春的霞光,壮阔的万人长队穿过古老而年轻的镇街。<br />
<br />
Facing the glow of early spring, 10,000 people queuing passed through the ancient and young town streets, which was magnificent.<br />
<br />
走在最前面的方队,是宁海镇的农民仪仗队,由120名乡镇企业的男女青年组 成,身穿一色的将军呢制服,戴着白手套,他们高举着彩旗,吹奏着军乐。他们吹奏“国歌”,吹奏“镇歌”——<br />
<br />
The front formation was the honor guard of farmers in Ninghai Town, which was composed of 120 young men and women wearing the same color of general uniforms and white gloves from township enterprises. They held high colorful flags and played military music. They played the national anthem and the town song—<br />
<br />
前进,英雄的宁海人民,<br />
<br />
Forward, heroic Ninghai people,<br />
<br />
党的路线指引着我们向新的时代进军!<br />
<br />
the Party's line guides us to March into a new era!<br />
<br />
我们顶天立地,<br />
<br />
We are indomitable spirit,<br />
<br />
倒悬沧海,<br />
<br />
hanging upside down in the sea,<br />
<br />
吞吐乾坤,<br />
<br />
inhaling and exhaling between heaven and earth,<br />
<br />
敢当历史的巨人。<br />
<br />
and becoming a giant of history.<br />
<br />
勇于开拓,<br />
<br />
Be brave in pioneering,<br />
<br />
万众一心,<br />
<br />
Unite as one,<br />
<br />
向着光辉灿烂的目标,<br />
<br />
Towards a brilliant goal,<br />
<br />
前进,前进,再前进!<br />
<br />
Forward, forward, forward again!<br />
<br />
写着2000年的巨大的火车头开过来了（里面罩着汽车）!它喷吐着浓烟,拉着汽笛;它运行的节奏,震撼着大地,它象征着历史的列车飞速奔驰。<br />
<br />
The huge locomotive with the words 2000 was coming (cars were in it)! It spewed smoke and pulled the whistle; The rhythm of its operation shook the earth. It symbolized that history was developing fast like a zooming train.<br />
<br />
紧跟在后面的,是西关大队。“大黄河”上载着男女社员装扮的“八仙过海”。连续3年人均分配千元的西关人,意气风发地跟在1984年夺得700万纯利润的彩牌车后。他们无愧于是胶东改革的火车头!<br />
<br />
Closely followed was Xiguan Brigade. In the "Great Yellow River" were "eight immortals" dressed up by male and female members. Xiguan people, who have been allocated 1,000 yuan per capita for three consecutive years, exuberantly followed the colorful car with a net profit of 7 million yuan in 1984. They are worthy of being the locomotive of reform in Jiaodong!<br />
<br />
最先和西关争雄的新牟人追上来了! 20辆幸福摩托车在前面开路,像欢迎某国的总统。气势磅礴的“大解放”车队,分别装有“龙凤呈祥”和大队出产的各种工业品的模型转塔。比这更夺目的是他们打出了在新的一年要实现人均分配2000元的彩牌!站在街两旁“吃国库粮”的观众无不为之瞠目结舌。<br />
<br />
The first to compete with Xiguan was Xinmou people who have caught up! 20 Xingfu motorcycles opened the way in front, like welcoming the president of a certain country. The magnificent "Great Liberation" motorcade was equipped with model turrets of "prosperity brought by the dragon and the phoenix" and various products produced by the brigade. What was more striking than this was that they have printed the color card of 2000 yuan per capita in the new year! The audience who had urban household registration standing on both sides of the street was stunned.<br />
<br />
东油坊的方队、王家疃的方队、王贺庄的方队、孔家疃的方队、文化里的方队……一个方队,一排奔腾的浪涛！<br />
<br />
Dongyoufang's formation, Wang village's formation, Wanghezhuang's formation, Kong village's formation, Wenhuali's square team... a formation was like rushing waves!<br />
<br />
——这是真正的男子汉的方队！队伍里集合了不同年龄、不同气质的应稼汉, 他们穿上了一色的“料子服”。那是饱经风霜,像油画《父亲》ー样的面孔,那是涂着古铜色的油彩,像黄河船夫一样的面孔,那是有着目光像铁块一样坚定的面孔, 那是有着额角像大理石一样平展的面孔。无数流逝的岁月在他们的手上磨起了老茧,崎岖的路程膨胀了他们腿上的筋脉。作为共和国大厦的地基,他们嶙峋的肩架上曾背起过大庆的井架,他们的手腕曾擎起过联合国大厦上的五星红旗!今天他们用新的智慧充实了自己的大脑,用新的物质延长了自己的手臂,在这片古老的大地上开动了马达,建筑起大厦,奏响了仙乐,浇灌出鲜花,创建了法则,塑造了时代! 他们扬起男子汉的头颅,那是成熟了的思想果实,历尽了人间的雨雪风霜;他们的双脚是锋利的耧角,在时代的沟垄里插下希望和奇迹——为了使每一个母亲不再为生活垂泪,为使每一个妻子不再为辛劳早衰,为了使每一个女儿不再出卖美丽的发辫,为了使每一个童心的幻想不遭受摧残……<br />
<br />
This was the real man's formation! Wearing the same color of woolen uniform, farmers of different ages and temperament gathered in the team. It was a weather-beaten face like the oil painting "Father", a face painted with bronze, a face like the Yellow River boatman, a face with firm eyes like iron blocks, and a face with flat forehead like marble. Calluses on their hands were caused by past years, and tendons on their legs were expanded because of the rugged journey. As the foundation of the Republic Building, they once carried the derrick of Daqing on their bony shoulders, and their wrists once held the five-star red flag on the United Nations Building! Today, they enrich their brains with new wisdom, extend their arms with new materials, start motors, build buildings, play beautiful music, water flowers, create laws and shape the times in this ancient land! They raise the head of a man, which is the fruit of mature thought and has experienced the rain, snow, wind and frost on earth. Their feet are sharp farming tools, growing hopes and miracles in the furrows and ridges of the times. Because they don’t want to make every mother stop crying for life, make every wife stop aging prematurely for hard work, make every daughter stop selling beautiful braids, and make every childlike fantasy not destroyed...<br />
<br />
——这是以贤良、勤劳闻名的胶东妇女方队！她们步履整齐,也和男子汉们一样,穿上了一色的呢料服装,她们舍弃了那打着补丁的衣服和打着补丁的日子。她们来自窄窄的磨道,来自低矮的灶台,来自茂密而炎热的青纱帐,来自古老小河边的棒槌石。她们集合在时代的旗帜下,脚上不再像祖母和母亲那样裹着缠足布,脸上不像昨日那样带有菜色。男子汉们不会忘记你们,你们用自己的忍饥受饿支撑了贫穷的日子,你们用工巧的针线缝补了艰涩的岁月。胃袋里的瓜蔓、树皮曾早谢了你们的青春,寒冷的秋霜冬雪染白了你们的鬓发！是你们把辛勤养育的儿子和兄弟送给人民军队,让他们用胸膛守卫国疆。为了每ー个父亲、丈夫、儿子都能体面地活在世上,你们把自己的生命变成燃烧的烛光。而今你们挺起了丰满的身躯, 衣襟在行进中旗帜一样飘起,像走向丰收的田野,去收获稻谷,去收获商品,收获汽笛一样欢乐的笑声和锻锤一样凝重的尊严,补偿那歉收的年景……<br />
<br />
This was the formation of Jiaodong women, who were famous for their virtue and diligence! They walked neatly and wore the same color of woolen clothes as men. They gave up the patched clothes and bad days. They come from narrow mill roads, low stoves, thick and hot green fields, and sticks used to pound clothes in washing by ancient rivers. They gather under the banner of the times, and their feet are no longer wrapped in foot-binding cloth like their grandmother and mother, and their faces were not that pale as they were yesterday. Men will never forget you. You have experienced the poor days by suffering from hunger, and you have sewed up the difficult years with skillful needles and threads. The vines and bark in the stomach were in your youth, and the cold autumn frost and winter snow have dyed your sideburns white! It was you who gave your hard-raised sons and brothers to the people's army and asked them to guard the country with their chests. To make every father, husband and son live decently in the world, you turned your life into a burning candlelight. Now you have stood up your plump bod with your skirts floating like flags while marching, like heading for a bumper harvest field to harvest rice, goods, joyful laughter like whistles and dignity like forging hammers, and compensating for the poor harvest year...<br />
<br />
游行队伍里有歌声的舒展,舞姿的奔放,雄狮的跳跃,长龙的奔腾,这是从历史深处走出来的土地的灵魂！<br />
<br />
In the parade, there were relaxing songs, enthusiastic dance, jumping lions and rushing dragons, which were the soul of the land coming out from the depths of history!<br />
<br />
沸腾的宁海镇！激动的宁海镇！<br />
<br />
Ninghai Town with a cacophony of voices! Excited Ninghai Town!<br />
<br />
这队伍像解冻的冰川,你可以听到冰块向前流动的互相撞击声;这队伍是流淌的岩浆,你可以感受到那炙烤肌肤的热风,它冲决了凝固了几千年的传统,一直向前、向前,什么力量也不能把它阻挡！<br />
<br />
This team was like a thawed glacier, and you can hear the sound of ice flowing forward and hitting each other. This team was flowing magma, and you can feel the hot air blowing your skin. It broke the rooted tradition that had been for thousands of years, kept moving forward, and no force can stop it!<br />
<br />
这支按共产党人的构思组合起来的队伍,不再是黄巢的散兵,不再是李自成的败伍,他们是新时期的胶东子弟兵纵队,集合在镰刀、斧头的旗帜下,走进了伟大的中国改革史诗之页,冲撞着21世纪的横线……<br />
<br />
This team combined according to the idea of the communists is no longer Huang Chao’s stragglers and disbanded soldiers or Li Zicheng’s defeated soilders. They are the Jiaodong’s military columns in the new era, who gather under the banner of sickle and axe and are written on the page of the great Chinese reform epic, breaching the barrier of the 21st century...<br />
<br />
（原载《解放军文艺》1985年第5期）<br />
<br />
(Originally published in the People's Liberation Army Literature and Art, Issue 5, 1985)<br />
<br />
==卷二：3.理论狂人 Volume 2: 3.Theory Fanatic==<br />
<br />
理论狂人<br />
<br />
Theory Fanatic<br />
<br />
——献给一位无名经济理论家<br />
<br />
—To a Unsung Economic Theorist<br />
<br />
陈祖芬<br />
<br />
Chen Zufen<br />
<br />
这里就是罗陀斯,就在这里跳跃吧!<br />
<br />
Hic Rhodus, hic salta! <br />
<br />
这里就有玫瑰花,就在这里跳舞吧!<br />
<br />
Here is the rose, here dance! <br />
<br />
——马克思<br />
<br />
—Karl Marx<br />
<br />
夏时制与变革的强制性<br />
<br />
Mandatory for Daylight Saving Time and Reform<br />
<br />
“从北京开往西安的35次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间8点06分。<br />
<br />
"The No.35 train from Beijing to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 8:06."<br />
<br />
“从成都开往西安的238次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间9点12分。<br />
<br />
"The No.238 train from Chengdu to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 9:12."<br />
<br />
“从太原开往西安的425次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间9点52分。<br />
<br />
"The No.425 train from Taiyuan to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 9:52."<br />
<br />
“从上海开往乌鲁木齐的53次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间11点16分。<br />
<br />
"The No.53 train from Shanghai to Urumqi has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 11:16."<br />
<br />
“从广州开往西安的273次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间12点56分。<br />
<br />
"The No.273 train from Guangzhou to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 12:56."<br />
<br />
“从郑州开往西安的4次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间4点14分。”<br />
<br />
"The No.4 trains from Zhengzhou to Xi'an have arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 4:14."<br />
<br />
每次播音员的话音一落,列车里便站起一个个激动不安、迫不及待的记者和学者。1986年5月,从四面八方开往西安的列车和飞机上,突然冒出了这么多“心动过速”的人们——他们的心,早就超越了火车和飞机的速度到达了西安。《人民日报》的记者心急火燎地从北京开着皇冠车,星夜兼程地驰向古都西安。《羊城晚报》的记者,一听说我国20世纪以来发掘的最大的墓葬揭椁开棺,跳上小车去赶广州开往西安的飞机。<br />
<br />
Every time when the announcer finished his words, excited journalists and scholars can’t wait to stand up in the train. In May 1986, on the trains and planes heading for Xi'an from all directions, so many people with "tachycardia" suddenly appeared—their hearts had already surpassed the speed of trains and planes to reach Xi'an. Reporters of People's Daily drove the Toyota Crown from Beijing anxiously to Xi'an, the ancient Chinses capital, all night. Hearing that the largest tomb excavated in China since the 20th century would be uncovered, reporters of Yangcheng Evening News jumped into a car to catch the plane from Guangzhou to Xi'an.<br />
<br />
2600年前建造的这个秦公一号大墓,为研究中国奴隶社会的政治、经济、文化,提供了大量的实物资料。<br />
<br />
The tomb of Duke Jing of Qin built 2,600 years ago provides a lot of materials for studying the politics, economy and culture of Chinese slave society.<br />
<br />
按照马克思主义的历史观,铁器是封建社会生产力水平的一种标志。然而秦公一号大墓,一方面以180多个殉葬的棺椁把秦国的奴隶制社会无可辩驳地展现在我们面前,另一方面又以已经出土的十多件精良的铁器,撼动了关于铁器的标志说。难道秦人也要向马克思主义挑战?我夹杂在“发掘热”的人群里走进了西去的列车。不过我不是想去发掘秦俑的。我要去发掘一个也许是当今了不起的经济理论家。我相信这个人的探索可以为今天中国的经济体制改革提供一些理论依据。<br />
<br />
According to the Marxist view of history, iron is a symbol of the production level in feudal society. However, the tomb of Duke Jing of Qin consisting of over 180 coffins, on the one hand, have irrefutably displayed the slave society of Qin in front of us. On the other hand, more than ten excellent ironware have been unearthed, changing the view of ironware. Do Qin people also challenge Marxism? I walked into the train going west in the crowd obsessed with "excavation rush". But I don't want to see Terracotta Army. I'm going to find a great economic theorist today. I believe this man's exploration can provide some theoretical basis for China's economic system reform today.<br />
<br />
5月4日。我搭乘的279次列车是晚8点多开车。我掐着时间走进列车,一看 表,怎么才7点多?是不是我家里那只钟走错了?还是我糊里糊涂地早走了一小时?可我也不至于这么错乱呵!现在到底是7点还是8点?<br />
<br />
On May 4th, my No.279 train should leave at 8 o'clock in the evening. I calculated the time to walk into the train and look at my watch. Why was it only about 7 o'clock? Was the clock in my house going wrong? Or did I leave an hour early in a confused way? But I would not do it so unwittingly! Was it 7 o'clock or 8 o'clock?<br />
<br />
车窗口的两位穿着蓝西服和灰西服的公民同时亮出表:8点。<br />
<br />
Two citizens in blue suits and gray suits at the train window showed their watches: 8 o'clock.<br />
<br />
但是蓝西服说:“我也搞不清几点了。”<br />
<br />
But the one in blue suit said, "I don't know what time it is either."<br />
<br />
灰西服也说:“我也搞不清几点了。”<br />
<br />
The one in grey suit also said, "I also don't know what time it is."<br />
<br />
表上明明显示着8点,为什么又说搞不清?莫非我走进了一个荒诞派小说的 规定情境?<br />
<br />
The watch clearly showed 8 o'clock, but why did they say they can't figure it out? Had I entered a scene set in an absurd novel?<br />
<br />
又有一个乘客满在行地说:“现在时间不是往前挪了一小时吗。”<br />
<br />
Another passenger seemed an expert, and he said, "Isn't the time moving forward for an hour now?"<br />
<br />
挪前挪后?到底是挪前还是挪后?<br />
<br />
Moving forward and backward? Was it moving forward or backward?<br />
<br />
“今天开始实行夏时制,”终于有了一个大致正常的人,“时针不是往前拨了一小时吗,所以现在的8点就是原来的9点。”<br />
<br />
"Daylight saving time has been implemented since today," finally we got a person who can figure out the current situation. "Isn't the hour hand set forward for an hour, so now 8 o'clock is the original 9 o'clock."<br />
<br />
“不对,现在的8点是原来的7点。”<br />
<br />
"No, the current 8 o'clock is the original 7 o'clock."<br />
<br />
对了!我的表没有拨过,所以才7点。我自己清醒过来后,这オ注意到乘客们愕然不解的眼神,迷乱惶恐的眼神,忧烦木讷的眼神,而在这些眼神的后面,是一种不愿意适应、又不能不适应夏时制而无所适从、无可奈何的被动心理。<br />
<br />
That's right! My watch hadn't been reset, so it was seven o'clock. After I figured it out, I noticed the passengers' startled, confused and worried eyes. And behind these eyes, there was a kind of passive psychology that they were unwilling to adapt to, but had to adapt to daylight saving time, so they were at a loss and helpless.<br />
<br />
夏时制真是一个“不受欢迎的人”。<br />
<br />
Daylight saving time is really an "unwelcome person".<br />
<br />
又有人喊了一嗓子:“每天得提前一小时起床,乱了套了！反正,活的活,死的死吧!”<br />
<br />
Another person shouted: "I have to get up one hour in advance every day, which is a mess! Anyway, we will live or die!"<br />
<br />
有那么严重吗?实行夏时制,又不会像长工资似的,谁多长一级,谁少长一 级——谁也不会因此而亏了一小时。绝对的平均主义！明明谁也没有吃亏。明明谁也不用为此付出多大代价。明明按照日、地运动的规律办事,就可以节约能源, 所以夏时制又叫经济时制。明明在1916年,德、法、英、意等等国家就已采用夏时制了,但是1986年中国的夏时制,还是招来了那么多的惶惶然和愤愤然。<br />
<br />
Was it that serious? The implementation of daylight saving time will not be like the increase of salary, and no one will lose or get the hourly wage—no one will lose an hour. Absolute egalitarianism! Clearly, no one suffered losses. Clearly no one had to pay much for it. Clearly, according to the law of the movement of the sun and the earth, we can save energy, so daylight saving time is also called money saving time. It was clear that in 1916, Germany, France, Britain, Italy and other countries had adopted daylight saving time, but in 1986, China's daylight saving time still attracted so much panic and indignation.<br />
<br />
“我独不解中国人何以于旧状况那么心平气和,于较新的机运就这么疾首蹙额;于已成之局那么委屈求全,于初兴之事就这么求全责备?”对我重复着这句话的,自然是鲁迅了。<br />
<br />
"I don't understand why the Chinese people are so calm in the old situation, but they frown at new opportunities; they compromise on something written in the stars but blame for new things?" It was Lu Xun who repeated this sentence to me.<br />
<br />
车厢里响起了很新潮的歌:<br />
<br />
A very trendy song played in the carriage:<br />
<br />
阿里,阿里巴巴,<br />
<br />
Ali, Ali Baba,<br />
<br />
阿里巴巴是个快乐的青年。<br />
<br />
Ali Baba is a happy young man.<br />
<br />
不管阿里是不是快乐的青年,反正听这种歌就是感受一种情绪。感受到这种情绪的,便都成了快乐的青年。<br />
<br />
Whether Ali was a happy young man or not, listening to this song was to feel an emotion. Those who can feel this emotion became happy young people.<br />
<br />
实行夏时制的中国,也正像一个快乐的青年,一个处在思想活跃期的青年。<br />
<br />
China, which had implemented daylight saving time, was just like a happy youth, a youth in an active period of thinking.<br />
<br />
车厢里的灯突然全黑了。怎么这么早就黑灯了?我跑到车厢过道的灯下看 表,可不,才9点嘛,应该10点熄灯的嘛。哦,对了,我到现在还没有拨过手表,我 以为反正知道夏时制就行了,连表都懒得拨一下。结果是一下熄了灯,连上床的思想准备都没有。我摘下手表,乖乖地往前拨快一小时。看来变革往往带有强制性,不可能都有了思想准备才变革的。<br />
<br />
All the lights in the carriage suddenly went dark. Why was it dark so early? I ran to the car aisle under the lights to look at my watch, ehh, it was only 9 o'clock. It should have turned off the lights at 10 o'clock. Oh, I haven't set my watch yet. I thought I only need to know daylight saving time, so I didn't even bother to set my watch. As a result, the lights went out at once, and there was no mental preparation for going to bed. I took off my watch and moved forward one hour obediently. It seemed that reform was often mandatory, and it was impossible to reform after we prepare for it.<br />
<br />
不过,等我结束了在西安的采访回到北京以后,并没有发现任何因为时间的拨动而引起的汽车误点、火车脱轨、飞机相撞或者神经错乱。人们按部就班,安定团结,再也没有人谈起夏时制。好像夏时制不是从1986年5月4日开始的,而是在公元前就开始了。<br />
<br />
However, when I returned to Beijing after my interview in Xi'an, I didn't find any car delays, train derailments, plane collisions or insanity caused by the ticking of time. People followed the prescribed order, calm and united, and no one talked about daylight saving time anymore. It seemed that daylight saving time was not from May 4, 1986, but began B.C.<br />
<br />
只要能下决心变革,中国人的适应能力也是非同一般的。<br />
<br />
As long as we can make up our minds to change, Chinese people's adaptability is extraordinary.<br />
<br />
我在变革的时间和时间的变革里,到达了西安站。<br />
<br />
I arrived at Xi'an Station in the time of change and the change of time.<br />
<br />
到底怎么写改革<br />
<br />
How to Write Reform in the End<br />
<br />
一个逃犯。<br />
<br />
A fugitive.<br />
<br />
我走出西安站,看到一个高人一等的黑大汉,高举着一块“接陈”的牌子。这是我们的“联络暗号”。因为我不认识他,但又希望一到西安就能见到他。应该说一切都很顺利。凯撒大帝有句名言:我来了,我看见了,我战胜了。现在我来了,我看见了,但是我失望了。<br />
<br />
When I walked out of Xi'an Station, I saw a very tall man with dark skin holding up a sign of "picking up Chen". This was our "contact code". Because I didn't know him, but I hoped to see him as soon as I arrived in Xi'an. It should be said that everything was going well. Julius Caesar has a famous saying: I came; I saw; I conquered. Now I came; I saw, but I was disappointed.<br />
<br />
我觉得我看见了一个逃犯。<br />
<br />
I thought I saw a fugitive.<br />
<br />
我的第一感觉是害怕。那张长脸好像从来也没洗干净过。他50岁。可我觉得他大概从来也没有年轻过,他大概一生下来就这么老了。那莫测高深的三角眼,那阴沉的高鼻。鼻翼两旁像刀刻石凿似的有两道深沟直通向嘴的两旁。而嘴,直接地就像平放着的两把刀。<br />
<br />
My first feeling was fear. It seemed that that long face had never been washed clean. He was 50 years old. But I thought he was probably never young. He was probably born so old. That unfathomable triangular eyes, that gloomy high nose. There were two deep ditches on both sides of the nose like a knife carving stone chisel, which led straight to both sides of the mouth. And the mouth was like two knives lying flat.<br />
<br />
他的布鞋上打着皮革的补丁。我有几年没见到这样打着大补丁的鞋了。我也愈来愈少地见到他这样黄的眼白,或者压根儿就应该叫作眼黄。这补丁,这眼黄,立刻使我想起贫困、拮据、坚韧、过去。不过他穿着过去不穿的西装。但这西装质地之差,之软绵绵,之皱巴巴,都使人败胃。倒好像是仓促之间从哪儿借来套在身上乔装打扮的。干脆那种油污的旧工作服倒能给人带来一种粗犷的美。<br />
<br />
His cloth shoes were patched with leather. I haven't seen shoes with big patches like this in years. I also saw less and less this yellow sclera, or it should be called yellow of the eye. This patch and this yellow eye immediately reminded me of poverty, tenacity and the past. But he was wearing a suit that he didn't use to wear. However, the poor texture, softness and wrinkles of this suit made people sick. It seemed that he borrowed it from somewhere in a hurry and put it on in disguise. Simply that kind of oily old overalls can make people think him rugged.<br />
<br />
他的头发所剩无几地徒劳地盖在秃秃的头顶上。后来听他说这是染黑的,要不都白了。我想又何必染呢?这么几根头发也值得染吗?<br />
<br />
His hair was left a little to cover his bald head, but it was in vain. Later, I heard him say it was dyed black, or it was all white. I thought why dyed it? Were these hairs worth dyeing?<br />
<br />
但他说这事儿的时候是自信的,很值得的样子,就如他自信他干的一切都是值得的。<br />
<br />
But when he said it, he was confident and showed that it was worthy, just as he was confident that everything he did was worth it.<br />
<br />
我3月份收到这个陌生人的第一封信的时候,就决定写完手头一篇报告文学后就去找他。我相信不会虚此西行。他给我的信,一开头就使我预感到我将要经受一种新的思想的撞击:“不管在文学作品中和宣传报道中树立多少光辉的改革者形象,都不会使无所作为和反对改革的领导变为果敢锐敏的改革者。改革者的形象只会鼓舞那些希望并赞成改革的人。然而具有彻底改革思想的人并不一定就会是改革家,原因在于他们无权左右局势。因此不在于号召占据领导地位的人成为改革者,而在于使改革者走上领导岗位。……”<br />
<br />
When I received this stranger's first letter in March, I decided to go to him after writing the non-fiction novel at hand. I believed the westward journey wouldn’t be made in vain. At the beginning of his letter to me, I had a premonition that I would be hit by a new idea: "No matter how many images of brilliant reformers are set up in literary works and propaganda reports, leaders who do nothing and oppose reform will not become bold reformers with a sharp mind. The image of reformers will only inspire those who hope for and agree with reform. However, people with radical reform ideas are not necessarily reformers, because they have no right to control the situation. Therefore, it is not to call on those who occupy leading positions to become reformers, but to make reformers take leadership positions…"<br />
<br />
但我对这个人毕竟一无所知。他真值得我采访吗?他和常规的好人形象相距太远。我身上揣着《人民文学》的差旅费。我要是虚了此行,《人民文学》固然不会追究经济责任,可是我也得讲究时间效益呵。<br />
<br />
But after all, I didn't know anything about this person. Was he worth my interview? He was too far from the conventional image of a good man. I carried the travel expenses of the People's Literature with me. If this trip was in vain, the People's Literature will not pursue economic responsibility, but I had to pay attention to time efficiency.<br />
<br />
他接过我的旅行包:“这个包,我不用叮嘱你不要毁坏,不要丢失,你自然会爱护的,因为你拥有这个包的所有权、使用权和支配权,你是这个包的主人。根本用不着对你进行主人翁思想的教育。我们三十多年来一直对国营企业职工进行主人翁思想教育这件事,恰恰证明了国营企业的职工还不是企业的主人。”<br />
<br />
He took my travel bag and said, "I don't have to tell you not to destroy or lose this bag. You will naturally take care of it, because you have the ownership, use and control of this bag, and you are the owner of this bag. There is no need to educate you on the idea of being a master at all. We have been educating the state-owned enterprises about the sense of ownership for more than 30 years, which just proves that employees in state-owned enterprises are not the masters of the enterprises."<br />
<br />
我立时精神起来了,我想起他那封长信的内容——改革的关键,关键的改革, 是所有制问题。<br />
<br />
I immediately refreshed, and remembered the content of his long letter—the key to reform and the key reform are the ownership problem.<br />
<br />
他这个人,执拗地叫你想起过去,过去。他又顽强地站立在现在,现在。<br />
<br />
He is a man who stubbornly reminds you of the past. But he stands stubbornly in the present.<br />
<br />
精神取代物质和意识决定存在<br />
<br />
Spirit Replaces Materials and Consciousness Determines Existence<br />
<br />
天安门前站着一个高大黝黑的光头青年。上穿蓝粗布衣,下穿用家染的黑粗 布做的抽带肥腿裤。那裤带偏是白的,又偏偏捣乱似的从腰部溜了下来,大模大样地突出在黑裤子中间。但这个光头青年的神情是那么自信、自豪。本来嘛,那年—-1954年的《群众日报》登了陕西省考上高校的全部考生的名单。第一名,韩城县中学的党治国,考上了清华大学。党治国到清华报到后的第一件事,就是到天安门前照这张像。<br />
<br />
In front of Tiananmen Square stood a tall, bald young man with dark skin. He wore blue coarse cloth on the top and wide leg pants with strings made of black coarse cloth dyed at home on the bottom. The strings were white, but they just slipped down from the waist causing trouble, and protruded in the middle of the black trousers obviously. But the bald young man looked so confident and proud. It turned out that Qunzhong Daily published the list of all the candidates admitted to colleges and universities in Shaanxi Province in 1954. The first place, Dang Zhiguo in Hancheng Middle School, was admitted to Tsinghua University. The first thing Dang did after registering was to take this picture in front of Tiananmen Square.<br />
<br />
只是那两条白裤带,使照片上的党治国在威风中透着滑稽。这也没什么。清华大学一年级新生党治国就不信还会有什么事情难得住他。白裤带吗,用墨水一抹不就黑了?行了。很好。不能更好了。至于留头发是不是比光头更好看,制服裤是不是比家织抽带裤更好看,他没想过。他从来不注意服饰。32年后,他知道我要专程到西安去找他时,他才为没有一件过得去的外衣而有些不安。于是就匆匆添置了那身使我一看就败胃的西装。<br />
<br />
Only those two white strings made him look funny in front of imposing Tiananmen Square. It was nothing. Dang Zhiguo, the Tsinghua University freshman didn't believe that there would be anything hard to live with. As for white strings, he just blacked them with ink. That was enough. That was good. It couldn't be better. As for whether head with hair was better than bald head, and whether uniform pants were better than home-woven pants with strings, he never thought about it. He never paid attention to clothes. Thirty-two years later, when he knew that I was going to Xi'an to find him, he was a little upset that he didn't have a decent coat. So he hurriedly bought the suit that made me sick.<br />
<br />
一个从青少年时代就以为精神万能的人,最后连购置一套像点样的西装的物质基础都没有。<br />
<br />
A person who thought that the spirit was omnipotent from his youth didn't even have the material basis to buy a decent suit.<br />
<br />
党治国16岁的时候,有一天和同学们在韩城中学连夜排节目。三九天的夜 晚,不生火就过不去。但教室外是半尺厚的雪,想搞点煤吧,又觉得冷得出不去——来回得走2里雪地呢!怎么去扛煤呵!多厚的棉鞋陷进雪地里也是冻脚。同学们倒抽着冷气往后缩了。<br />
<br />
When Dang Zhiguo was 16 years old, he and his classmates arranged programs overnight in Hancheng Middle School one day. On the coldest nights, you can't get through without a fire. But there was half a chi of snow outside the classroom. Even if you wanted to get some coal, you would feel cold and had to walk, because you had to walk 2 li back and forth! How to carry coal! No matter how thick the cotton shoes were, your feet would be frozen when you got stuck in the snow. The students gasped and drew back.<br />
<br />
党治国叭叭地扔下他的棉鞋,又扒掉他的两只袜子。<br />
<br />
Dangzhuo threw down his cotton shoes and stripped off his two socks.<br />
<br />
“哎,你脱鞋袜干什么?”<br />
<br />
"Hey, why do you take off your shoes and socks?"<br />
<br />
“为了证明在雪地里走路不冷。”<br />
<br />
"To prove that walking in the snow is not cold."<br />
<br />
“你快穿上吧！我们跟你去扛煤就行了。”<br />
<br />
"You should put them on quickly! Let's go with you to carry coal."<br />
<br />
“我说出话就要算数。”<br />
<br />
"I am a man of my word."<br />
<br />
党治国光着两脚走向无情的雪地。不过他连雪地的无情也感觉不出,因为他的双脚很快就冻木了。当然,这毕竟只是2里地,所以他的双脚还能存活。如果是20里地,200里地,16岁的他怕也是会光脚走去的。那么,他的一双脚当然要为他的无视客观物质存在而付出代价了。<br />
<br />
He walked to the ruthless snow barefoot. But he couldn't even feel the ruthlessness of the snow, because his feet soon froze. Of course, this was only 2 li after all, so his feet can still survive. If it were 20 li or 200 li, the 16-year-old boy might still walk barefoot. Then, of course, his feet would pay the price for his disregard of objective material existence.<br />
<br />
20世纪50年代初的中国,商品经济不发达,物质不充足,但人们的精神状态是安适的。中国人,自我需求总有所节制。不过用精神补充物质的不足,把思想作为物质的代替品,只能在一定的时期,一定的限度内。长此以往,乐此不疲,便可能从以精神取代物质发展到以为思想意识可以决定物质存在。一些“彻底的唯物主义者”抛却了唯物主义的基本观点:存在决定意识。30年后,党治国在他的一篇文章中写道:"……用社会意识来解释各种社会现象。好的社会现象是好的社会意识的产物,坏的社会现象是坏的社会意识的产物,于是全部问题被归结为对一种思想的宣传和对另一种思想的批判。”<br />
<br />
In China in the early 1950s, the commodity economy was underdeveloped and the material was insufficient, but people's mental state was comfortable. Chinese people always control their self-needs. However, it can only be within a certain period and a certain limit to supplement the material deficiency with spirit and take thought as a substitute for material. In the long run, if you enjoy it, you may develop from replacing material with spirit to thinking that ideology can determine material existence. Some "thorough materialists" have abandoned the basic viewpoint of materialism: existence determines consciousness. Thirty years later, Dang Zhiguo wrote in his article: "…explaining various social phenomena with social consciousness. Good social phenomena are the product of good social consciousness, while bad social phenomena are the product of bad social consciousness, so all the problems are attributed to the promotion of one kind of thought and the criticism of another."<br />
<br />
1957年,这种批判像火灾似的在清华大学里蔓延开来,烧向钱伟长,烧向黄万里……党治国走上台辩论:他们不是“右派”!党治国走进校党委办公室：他们不是“右派”！<br />
<br />
In 1957, this kind of criticism spread like a fire in Tsinghua University, burning to Qian Weichang and Huang Wanli... Dang came to the stage to debate: they are not rightists! He entered the office of the school party Committee: they are not rightists!<br />
<br />
“正是为了真正拥护党的方针政策,”他在会上说,“可以允许人们先怀疑一下。怀疑以后再把自己驳倒,这才是真正的信任,真正的拥护。”<br />
<br />
"It is precisely in order to truly uphold the Party's principles and policies," he said at the meeting, "that people can be allowed to doubt first. Doubt and then refute yourself later, which is true trust and true support."<br />
<br />
党治国讲话没有一点顾虑。他这个来自黄河边的人,像黄河一样古朴。他对党的感情、对党的忠诚,连一点杂质也没有,自然用不着担心自己说“错”话而成为“右派”。<br />
<br />
Dang had no worries. He was a man from the Yellow River, as simple as the Yellow River. His feelings and loyalty to the party didn't even have any impurities, so he naturally didn't have to worry about saying something wrong to be a rightist.<br />
<br />
但是,根据意识决定存在的“原理”,有“右派言论”的人,就是“右派”分子。<br />
<br />
However, according to the principle that consciousness determines existence, those who have rightist remarks are rightists.<br />
<br />
无限制地强调意识的作用,结果必定是走向反面——取消思想自由。党治国步他的老师们的后尘,也成了“右派”,而且是“极右”。他的一个同窗好友是个结巴,原先一见他老远就叫“党、党、党、党——治国!”憋上半天才憋出“治国”两个字,实在累人。结巴老弟就把他的名字简化成一个字:“党!”现在自然不敢再叫他“党”了。当着人连话也不敢说。只在没人注意时不用称呼地对他说上一句:“浪子回头金不换。”两个月后,没想到结巴老弟也成了“浪子右派”。浪子二号见了浪子一号,只能摇着头说一句:“往事不堪回首。”<br />
<br />
Unlimited emphasis on the role of consciousness must lead to the opposite—abolition of freedom of thought. Dang Zhiguo followed in the footsteps of his teachers and became a "rightist" and an "ultra-rightist". One of his classmates was a stutter. When he saw him far away, he would shout "Dang, Dang, Dang, Dang—Zhiguo!" It was tiring to suppress the word "Zhiguo" for half a day. The stammer reduced his name to one word: "Dang!" Now naturally, he dared not call him "Dang" any more (In Chinese, Dang党 means the Party). He dared not speak in front of Dang Zhiguo. Only when no one noticed, he said to Dang Zhiguo without saying his name: "A prodigal who returns is more precious than gold." Two months later, no one expected that this stammer should become a "prodigal rightist". When the prodigal no.2 saw the prodigal no.1, he could only shake his head and say, "My past is unbearable to recall."<br />
<br />
党治国成了“极右”后,三天没吃饭。他怎么会是“右派”呢?不过,党是不会错的。绝对。那么只有从自己身上找原因了。实在无法想通,只好先接受这个结论——是自己错了,再慢慢去想。<br />
<br />
After Dang became the "ultra-rightist", he didn't eat for three days. How can he be a "rightist"? However, the party can't be wrong. Absolutely. Then he had to find the reason from himself. He really can't figure it out, so he had to accept this conclusion first that he was wrong and then think about it slowly.<br />
<br />
1957年的“右派”里边,有多少人恰恰是先进生产力的代表。1956年党中央提出了“百花齐放、百家争鸣”的方针,到1957年先进生产力就急切爆发出来了。但是,对不起,请君入瓮吧。你们不应该有思想的自由,因为用不着你们思想。<br />
<br />
Many of the "rightists" in 1957 were representatives of advanced productive forces? In 1956, the CPC Central Committee put forward the policy of "letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend", so in 1957, advanced productive forces popped up eagerly. But, I'm sorry, treating someone in your own ways. You should not have the freedom to think, because you don't need your thoughts.<br />
<br />
有计划的盲目生产<br />
<br />
Planned Blind Production<br />
<br />
西安郊区有个新丰砖瓦厂。该厂取土制砖时发现了舍利精室。舍利,是指佛的骨灰。迎舍利,供舍利,是佛家,也是朝廷的大事。释迦牟尼火葬后,八国争夺舍利,百姓求分舍利,分不到的,用金、银、水晶、玛瑙等制作舍利。砖瓦厂发现的舍利精室,就是用水晶做的舍利代用品,水晶舍利装在玻璃瓶里,玻璃瓶装在饰有鎏金狮子、珍珠团花的金棺里。金棺置于饰满翡翠、玛瑙、珍珠、猫儿眼等等的银椁里。释迦如来涅槃后,他的骨灰的代用品都能住进造价这么高的圣地,足见百姓对佛的虔诚。<br />
<br />
There is a Xinfeng brick and tile factory in the suburb of Xi'an. The Buddhist relics room was discovered when the factory took soil to make bricks. Buddhist relics refer to the ashes of Buddha. It is a great event for Buddhism and the imperial court to welcome and offer Buddhist relics. After the Buddha's cremation, eight countries competed for the relics, and the people asked for sharing the relics. If they couldn't get them, they made Buddhist relics with gold, silver, crystal and agate. The Buddhist relics room discovered by the brick and tile factory is a relic substitute made of crystal. The crystal relic was packed in a glass bottle, which was put in a gold coffin decorated with gold lions and pearl flowers. The gold coffin was placed in a silver coffin decorated with jadeite, agate, pearl, chrysoberyl and so on. After the Buddha's nirvana, the substitutes of his ashes can live in the holy land with such high cost, which shows the people's piety towards Buddha.<br />
<br />
把自己的命运系在对佛的信仰上,这大约也是中国人的一种祖传吧。“右派分子”党治国看到报上关于亩产水稻6万斤,亩产红薯120万斤的报道后,不禁对党心悦诚服——国家现在能取得这么大的成绩,自然和清除“右派”有关系。自己成了“右派”,也值得了。<br />
<br />
It is probably the ancestral tradition of Chinese people to tie their own destiny to their belief in Buddha. After reading the newspaper saying 60,000 jin of rice per mu and 1.2 million jin of sweet potatoes per mu, the "rightists" can't help but be convinced that the reason why the country can achieve such great achievements now was because of the elimination of the "rightists". It was worthwhile to become a "rightist".<br />
<br />
就是买东西很不方便。以前可以招呼售货员:同志,请你给我称点什么。现在怎么可以叫人家同志呢?你已经不是人家的同志了。可是,上去就没头没脑地说, 你给我称点什么,又觉得不礼貌。<br />
<br />
It was just that shopping was very inconvenient. He used to greet the salesman: Comrade, please weigh something for me. How can he call someone a comrade now? He was no longer a comrade. However, when he said, "You, weigh something for me" without previous thinking, it was impolite.<br />
<br />
其实售货员谁知道你是“右派”？你自己干吗老给自己念紧箍咒？问题是党治国的确相信了自己是“右派”。因为他至诚地相信党,相信党的每一项运动,不再相信自己。<br />
<br />
In fact, how can a salesman know that you are a "rightist"? Why do you always read yourself the Band-tightening Spell? The problem was that Dang Zhiguo really believed that he was a "rightist". Because he sincerely believed in the party, believes in every movement of the party, and no longer believed in himself.<br />
<br />
既然相信自己是“右派”,就应该保持当“右派”的自觉性,丝毫马虎不得。<br />
<br />
Since he believed that he was a "rightist", he thought that we should keep our consciousness of being "rightists", and we should not be careless at all.<br />
<br />
清华大学的“右派”师生们被送到北京木城涧煤矿改造。打风钻。放炮。挖煤。背煤。1960年底,被开除了学籍的党治国回到家乡韩城县。这就是他的家乡吗?棉花掉了一地没人拣;红薯地里,农民们只拣面上的,不管地下的;干活不记工分;吃饭不要钱。每家的小锅都砸了大炼钢铁了。1959年的誓师会上已经喊出了小麦亩产100万斤。1960年的韩城人每天的粮食却不够半斤。西安火车站挤满了从各地逃荒来的人。<br />
<br />
The "rightist" teachers and students in Tsinghua University were sent to Muchengjian Coal Mine in Beijing for reeducation, using the pneumatic drill and gunpowder, digging for coal and pulling coal. At the end of 1960, Dang, who was expelled from school, returned to his hometown, Hancheng County. Was this his hometown? Cotton fell all over the ground and no one picked it; In the sweet potato field, farmers only picked the one on the surface, regardless of those underground; Work points were useless; There was no need to pay money for dinner. Every small pot has been smashed to manufacture steel. At the pep rally in 1959, it was shouted that the yield per mu of wheat was 1 million jin. In 1960, however, Hancheng people didn't have half a jin of food every day. Xi'an railway station was crowded with people fleeing from all over the country.<br />
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这就是亩产多少万斤的结果?<br />
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This was the result of thousands of jin per mu?<br />
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人有多大胆,地有多大产。思想有多好,产量有多高。这些荒谬的事,为什么 没有人出来提意见? “反右”的损失首先不是把几十万人打成“右派”,而是否定了一个民主原则——让人讲话的原则。<br />
<br />
The bolder people are, the more productive the fields will be. The better the ideological awareness is, the higher the production will be. Why didn't anyone come out to give advice on these absurd things? First of all, the loss of "anti-rightist" is not to label hundreds of thousands of people as "rightists", but to deny a democratic principle—the principle of making people speak.<br />
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唐代长安诗人写过一首有名的《宫词》:<br />
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A poet living in Chang'an in Tang Dynasty wrote a famous Gong Ci (a kind of poetry depicting daily trivia of emperors in the imperial court):<br />
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“寂寂花时闭院门,美人相并立琼轩。含情欲说宫中事,鹦鹉前头不敢言。”<br />
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"Many doors of the palace are closed, and people feel lonely even when flowers bloom. Before the gorgeous window, beauties stand side by side. They want to tell the story of the palace with tender affection, but don’t dare to speak easily as a parrot is in front."<br />
<br />
面对“鹦鹉前头不敢言”的局面,党治国认真地开始了他的怀疑。一天吃不到多少东西,所以也干不了多少活。他开始大量读书,尤其是读马列著作。三十多年后他在一篇文章里写道:“当不承认重力规律的人从高山上往下跳的时候,重力规律不因为得不到这个人的承认而退避三舍。同样,当个人意志、国家意志以至全社会意志不承认某一经济规律的时候,这一经济规律不仅仍然要发生作用,而且发生作用的方式是相当无情和揶揄的。”“有计划的盲目生产比之生产的无政府状态对生产的破坏更大。”<br />
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Faced with the situation that "don’t dare to speak easily as a parrot is in front", Dang Zhiguo seriously doubted something. As he can't eat much in one day, he can't do much work. He began to read a lot of books, especially Marxist-Leninist works. More than 30 years later, he wrote in an article: "When a person who does not recognize the law of gravity jumps down from a high mountain, the law of gravity will not be invalid even if it is not recognized by this person. Similarly, when the will of the individual, the state and even the whole society do not recognize a certain economic law, this economic law not only still has to work, but also the way it works is quite ruthless and embarrassing." "The planned blind production is more destructive to production than it in a state of anarchy."<br />
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计划经济要是违反了经济规律,就不是个别的、偶然的违反,而是整体的“有计划”地违反,后果自然严重。<br />
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If the planned economy violates economic laws, it is not an violation individually or accidentally, but an overall "planned" violation, so the consequences are naturally serious.<br />
<br />
党治国在发生一种变化:由当“右派”的自觉性向做人的自觉性变化。他那长自黄河边的古朴而青春的体内,自信心正在恢复。他写了一副对联:<br />
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A change was taking place in Dang Zhiguo: from the consciousness of being a "rightist" to the consciousness of being a man. His self-confidence was recovering in the simple and youthful body that grew from the Yellow River. He wrote a couplet:<br />
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常保数百卷书千载不做小人 时缺几十斤粮一身仍是大汉<br />
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If you can keep hundreds of books regularly, you will not be reduced to a lowly profession for thousands of years; Even though you lack dozens of jin of food sometimes, you is still a man<br />
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“文化革命”的经济根源<br />
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The Economic Root of the Cultural Revolution<br />
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胸挺腰直,血液畅通,大脑能得到丰富的血液供应,人的思维能力便能达到最佳点。党治国为了获得思维的最佳点,每天劳动回来,必定端坐在床前读《资本论》。或者说,是因为需要啃下《资本论》,他才找到这个最佳点。<br />
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When the chest is straight, the blood is unblocked, the brain can get rich blood supply, so people's thinking ability can reach the best point. In order to get the best point of thinking, Dang must sit upright in front of the bed and read Capital: A Critique of Political Economy after he came back from work every day. In other words, because he needed to understand this book, he found this best point.<br />
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这是1970年2月,“右派”党治国在理所当然地历经批斗、游街等等“文革”系列把戏之后,被判了20年徒刑。<br />
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In February 1970, the "rightist" Dang Zhiguo was sentenced to 20 years in prison after the series of tricks of the Cultural Revolution, such as struggle session and street parading.<br />
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“我说老党,”同室关押的犯人问他,“你判刑最长,怎么不见你发愁呢?”<br />
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"Hey, old Dang," asked the inmate in his room, "you have been sentenced the longest. Why don't you worry?"<br />
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“愁什么?”<br />
<br />
"Worry about what?"<br />
<br />
“等你20年刑满释放出来,你都50多岁了!”<br />
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"When you are released from prison for 20 years, you are in your 50s!"<br />
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“不会的。”<br />
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"It won't happen."<br />
<br />
“怎么不会?你现在35岁,再过20年,不是55岁?”<br />
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"Why not? You're 35 now, 20 years from now, not 55?"<br />
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“不会关这么长。20年是他们的意志。但社会的发展不是以他们的意志为转移的。我相信规律。我相信我最多坐10年牢。”<br />
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"I won't be locked up for so long. Twenty years is their will. But the development of society is not transferred by their will. I believe in laws. I believe I need to be in prison for 10 years at most."<br />
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“嘿!那你整天看《资本论》,演算数学题干什么？瞧瞧,什么价值、增长额、工资、劳动目的!”<br />
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"Hey! Then why do you read the Capital: A Critique of Political Economy and calculate math problems all day? Look, value, growth, salary and labor purpose!"<br />
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“我要研究资本家有多少钱,”党治国狡黠地一笑,“将来我好管理这些钱。”<br />
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"I want to study how much money capitalists have," Dang said with a sly smile. "I can manage this money in the future."<br />
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自然这是一句戏言。不过他在潜意识里认定自己只要不死,就要研究经济问题,研究尚被忽略、但非解决不可的经济问题。因为问题已经愈来愈清晰地显示出来了:一切社会变革的后面,都有经济规律的作用。他党治国落到20年在押犯的地步,中国落到全国上下“脱产闹革命”的地步,绝不仅仅是错误思想的产物,而是有深刻的经济根源的。<br />
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Naturally, this is a joke. However, he subconsciously thought that as long as he did not die, he would study economic problems, which were still neglected but must be solved. Because the problem has become more and more clear: behind all social changes, there are economic laws. It was not only the product of wrong ideas, but also had profound economic roots that he became a prisoner for 20 years and people all over the country left their company to work for a revolution.<br />
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（当然,那时的党治国还不知道中国有个“四人帮”——本人侧重谈经济。）<br />
<br />
(Of course, at that time, Dang did not know that there was a Gang of Four in China. I focused on the economy.)<br />
<br />
经过三年困难时期,我们汲取了一些教训,采取了一些措施。经济得到发展后,必然要求上层建筑有相应的变革。发展了的生产カ必然要求生产关系有相应的变革。这就激化了变革的力量和反变革的力量的斗争。于是批“三自一包”,批“修正主义”。于是高呼“无产阶级专政万岁”。<br />
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After three difficult years, we have learned some lessons and taken some measures. After the development of economy, it is inevitable to require corresponding changes in superstructure. Developed production inevitably requires corresponding changes in production relations. This intensifies the struggle between the forces of change and the forces against change. Therefore, we criticized the agricultural economic policy including managing our own land, free market and taking responsibility for our own profits and losses and household responsibility system. We also criticized revisionism. So we shouted "Long live the dictatorship of the proletariat".<br />
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热昏的头脑是无从知道自己的疯狂行为后边的真实原因的。党治国知道。不是因为他的头脑比人家清醒,而是因为他的经历和感受为他提供了他需要弄清的思想。1957年他在“清华”眼睁睁地看到那些代表先进生产力的专家、教授被专了政。他自己本是满怀着到祖国最艰苦的地方去的理想而报考了清华水利系。他受了《远离莫斯科的地方》这本小说的影响。他要远离大城市。艰苦的环境本身就是一种吸引力。与困难做斗争本身就是ー种吸引力。去做别人做不到的事就是一种吸引力。为伟大理想献身就是一种吸引力。一个全省第一的学生满怀献身的热情出现在清华水利系,这在50年代自然也是先进生产力的ー个分子,因此也难逃被专政的命运。<br />
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It is impossible for those who can’t keep their wits about them to know the real reason behind their crazy behavior. Dang Zhiguo knew it. Not because his mind was clearer than others, but because his experiences and feelings provided him with ideas he needed to make clear. In 1957, he saw that those experts and professors who represented advanced production were deprived of the right to speak in Tsinghua University. He himself applied for the Water Conservancy Department of Tsinghua University with the ideal of going to the hardest place in the motherland. He was influenced by the novel Far from Moscow. He wanted to stay away from big cities. The challenging environment itself was an attraction. Struggling with difficulties itself was an attraction. Doing what others can't do was a kind of attraction. Dedication to great ideals was a kind of attraction. A student who was the first in the whole province was enrolled in the Department of Water Conservancy of Tsinghua University with dedication, which naturally made him a member of advanced production in 1950s, so he could not escape the fate of being deprived of the right to speak.<br />
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后来党治国长年在陕西铜川当井下掘进工。下煤井的活,以前被称为“三块石头夹一块肉”——危险。当时在井下炸煤层,都是正向爆破。就是在煤层打好洞, 放进五六个炸药包后,先引爆最里边的那个炸药包,然后一个个往外引爆。爆炸时高压气体膨胀,往外冲出,分散了爆炸的力度。为什么不能倒过来,先引爆最外边的那个炸药包、搞反向爆破呢?那样不就可以爆力集中了吗?党治国违反了操作规程,搞起了反向爆破。开始是悄悄地。在80年代,人们会认为反向爆破的道理是再简单明了不过的。但是在60年代,谁第一个提出把正向爆破改成反向爆破, 是很难得到认可的。<br />
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Later, Dang worked as an underground tunnel worker in Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province for many years. The work of going down a coal mine used to be called "three stones with one piece of meat, which meant the job was dangerous. At that time, coal seams were blown underground, all of which were the blasting process of forward initiation. That was, after drilling holes in the coal seam and putting five or six explosive packs, first detonate the innermost explosive pack, and then detonate them one by one. When they explode, the high-pressure gas expanded and rushed out, decreasing the power level of an explosion. Why can't we turn it upside down, detonate the outermost explosive pack first, and have the blasting process of reverse initiation? If we did like this, we could have concentrated bombing. Dang violated the operating rules and started reverse blasting. He started it quietly. In the 1980s, people would think that the principle of reverse blasting was simple and clear. However, in the 1960s, it was difficult for the person who first proposed to change forward blasting into reverse blasting to get recognition.<br />
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在无人知晓的情况下试验成功了,也就得到认可了。<br />
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The experiment was successful when no one knew it, and then it was recognized.<br />
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1965年,随着国家经济形势的好转,党治国成了当地煤炭先进技术传播团的一个分子。党治国运用这个爆力集中的原理,集中他的精力,一个时期搞一项技术革新。但是,生产力要求发展的结果,是又一次遭到“革命”。“突出政治”，“再论 突出政治”。人人政治化,社会泛政治化。生产力就一而再,再而三地受到压制。<br />
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In 1965, with the improvement of the national economic situation, Dang became a member of the local advanced coal technology communication group. He used this principle of concentration of explosive power, concentrated his attention, and engaged in technological innovations in a period of time. However, the development required by production forces was once again "revolutionized". "Paying Attention to Mao Zedong Thought" and "Re-discussing the Importance of Mao Zedong Thought". Everyone talked about politicization and the society was about parapolitics. Productive forces were limited again and again.<br />
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于是党治国组织了一个共产主义小组,辅导大家学习《共产党宣言》《马克思主义的三个来源和三个组成部分》等等。30年后他自嘲地对我说,那时候他其实是个空想共产主义者。不过那时候他可是实实在在地进行他的“共产主义”事业的。他连篇累牍地写文章,不仅批“右”,而且批“左”。他只能打着批“右”的旗号来批“左”。这种逆向思维比反向爆破还危险。所以对有家室的好友,他一个都不让他们参加这个共产主义小组。他只要单身男子。果然不久他就被抓起来了。妻子被逼离婚。于是他也成了单身男子。不过他得侍奉一双父母和抚养一个孩子。<br />
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Therefore, Dang organized a communist group to help everyone study the ''Communist Manifesto'', ''The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism'' and so on. Thirty years later, he told me wryly that he was actually a utopian communist at that time. But he actually carried out his "communist" cause. He wrote articles endlessly, criticizing not only "right wing" but also "left wing". He can only criticize "left wing" under the banner of criticizing "right wing". This reverse thinking was more dangerous than reverse blasting. Therefore, he refused to let all his friends with families join this communist group. He only wanted single men. Sure enough, he was soon arrested. His wife was forced to divorce. So he became a single man. However, he had to serve his parents and raised his child.<br />
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判了20年徒刑的单身男子挺胸直腰地坐在监狱的床前,运用爆力集中的原理攻读《资本论》。《资本论》的扉页上,赫然写着:马列主义者党治国。<br />
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Sentenced to 20 years in prison, this single man sat in front of the prison bed upright, using the principle of explosive concentration to study Das Kapital. On the title page of it, it was impressively written: Marxist-Leninist Dang Zhiguo.<br />
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“你还看马列,人家就是用马列把你关进来的!”<br />
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"You still read Marxism-Leninism? People use it to lock you in!"<br />
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“不。那是违背了马列才把我关进来的。”<br />
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"No. They were against Marxism-Leninism, so I was locked in."<br />
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后来党治国在他的文章里写道:“无产阶级革命的目的绝不是要用自己的面貌改造世界,使全社会成员都变成无产者,而是要改变自己的面貌,使自己和社会全体成员都变成有财产的人,最后使一切生产资料为社会全体成员所共有。”<br />
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Later, Dang wrote in his article: "The purpose of the proletarian revolution is by no means to transform the world and make all members of society proletarian, but to change its own face and make itself and all members of society become people with property, and finally make all means of production shared by all members of society."<br />
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“左”倾路线被认为才是对整体利益的维护。而当大多数人的利益都受到不同程度的损害时,所谓“整体利益,就变成了一小撮人的特权。社会主义并不是部分人的专利,而是全人类解放的科学。一个国家的社会主义性质只能用每个社会成员的解放程度、自由发展的程度和富裕增长的程度来衡量,而不能用这个社会对自己的评价来判断”。 " ‘左’倾路线的二十余年,就是不断发起政治运动抑制矛盾、打击改革要求的过程。”是的,极“左”路线下固有的、一成不变的所有制,不可能随时调节生产力和生产关系的矛盾。大跃进。大锅饭。割资本主义尾巴。宁要 社会主义的草。商品经济是资本主义经济的代名词,计划经济是社会主义经济的代名词。践踏经济规律的结果,是经济规律迫使我们付出巨大的代价,然后还得按经济规律办事。<br />
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The "left" line was regarded as the maintenance of the overall interests. When the interests of most people were violated to varying degrees, the so-called "overall interests become the privilege of a small group of people. Socialism is not the privilege of some people, but the science of liberation for all mankind. The socialist nature of a country can only be measured by the degree of liberation, free development and wealth growth of each member of society, but can not be judged by the society's evaluation of itself." "The ‘left’ line for more than 20 years is the process of constantly launching political movements to curb contradictions and influence reform requirements." Yes, the inherent and unchangeable ownership under the "ultra-left" line can't adjust the contradiction between productivity and production relations at any time. The Great Leap Forward. Eating food prepared in a large canteen. Ending speculation. The grass of socialism is better than the seedlings of capitalism. Commodity economy is synonymous with capitalist economy, and planned economy is synonymous with socialist economy. The result of violating the laws of economics is that the laws of economics force us to pay a huge price, and then we have to act according to the laws of economics.<br />
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我登上西安城南大雁塔64米高的顶层向下望去,便想起白居易的诗:“百千家似围棋局,十二街如种菜畦。”从大雁塔通往西安车站的十里长街如同一条直线,很像围棋盘上的棋格。西安的街道使人联想到规规矩矩的单向思维。大雁塔下的景致使人感到单调和缺憾。当年玄奘从印度带回657部梵文经典,就在此地译经十载。公元648年,唐太宗为玄奘所译诸经写总序。唐太宗实行均田制、租庸调法等经济改革,发展外贸和文化交流,乃至把文成公主嫁给吐蕃王松赞十布等,终于出现盛唐局面。盛唐的长安与上百个国家和地区交往。满载丝绸的商队从长安出发,路经中亚、南亚、西亚,直抵欧洲。丝绸之路沿线的古城楼兰,人称“沙漠中的庞贝城”,是商品集散地和中转贸易站。<br />
<br />
When I climbed the 64-meter-high Giant Wild Goose Pagoda in the south of Xi'an, stood on the top floor and looked down, I remembered Bai Juyi's poem: "The distribution of hundreds and thousands of houses in Chang'an is like the board of Go, and the twelve streets separate the city, which is like same vegetable plots." The ten-li long street from the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda to Xi'an Station is like a straight line, which is much like the chess grid on the Go board. The streets of Xi'an reminds me of vertical thinking. The scenery under the pagoda makes people feel monotonous and regrettable. Xuanzang brought back 657 Sanskrit classics from India and translated them here for ten years. In 648 AD, Emperor Taizong of Tang wrote a general preface to the classics translated by Xuanzang. Emperor Taizong carried out economic reforms such as equal-field system and Zu Yong Diao, developed foreign trade and cultural exchanges, and even married Princess Wencheng to the Tibetan king Songtsen Gampo, which finally led to the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Chang'an in the prosperous Tang Dynasty communicated with hundreds of countries and regions. The caravan loaded with silk set off from Chang'an, passed through Central Asia, South Asia, West Asia, and reached Europe. Loulan, an ancient city along the Silk Road, was called "Pompeii in the Desert" and was a commodity distribution center and transit trading station.<br />
<br />
唐朝经济的发达,和思想文化的发达是对称的。中国人从小就背《唐诗三百首》,历来都研究唐代文学,可惜太少研究唐代经济。儒家传统主张以德治国,有没有经济一样治国。但是就算10亿人都能背下《唐诗三百首》,也依然不能在这个世上立足的。<br />
<br />
The development of economy in Tang Dynasty coincided with the development of ideology and culture. Chinese people recite the Three Hundred Tang Poems from an early age, and have always studied Tang Dynasty literature, but it’s a pity that they seldom study Tang Dynasty economy. Confucian traditions advocate governing the country by virtue, and the country can be governed whether there is economy or not. But even if 1 billion people can recite these poems, this country still can't establish itself in this world.<br />
<br />
1300多年过去了,解放30多年了。人们向我介绍西安,不是讲兵马俑,就是讲李白醉卧长安,再不背诵谪仙人的诗:“长安一片月,万户捣衣声。”这使我想起老年人,老人的心态是喜欢回忆过去。<br />
<br />
More than 1300 years have passed and more than 30 years have passed since liberation. When People introduce Xi'an to me, they either talk about the terracotta army or Li Bai lying drunk in Chang'an, or recite the poem of Li Bai: "The bright moonlight shines on the city of Chang'an, and the sound of pounding clothes can be heard from thousands of homes." This reminds me of the old people, whose mentality is to like to recall the past.<br />
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今天的西安即使不和发达国家做横向比较,即使只是自己和自己比,变化是不是也太小了一点?有人对我说:西安地下的比地上的好看。这天我走进城郊一家饭馆,满地的碎骨头剩菜!油垢的饭桌,污浊的塑料酒杯,发黑的香肠和发干的松花蛋。如果唐代的诗人墨客到此一游,恐怕会拂袖而去吧。李白大约会仰天长啸:吃饭难,难于上青天!不过20世纪80年代的顾客们,习惯地熟练地在这里痛饮饱食。而我觉得难以下咽。更何况跳蚤像小人一样在对我进行防不胜防的袭击。我应该入乡随俗?我应该改造自己的思想,改造自己的脾胃?不,我不想去适应这些今天不应有的落后的、不文明的一切。中国人不应该在80年代的今天还坐在碎骨头剩菜间吃黑香肠。我们必须改造这样的饭馆,使之适应更文明的需求,而不是让我们去适应它。<br />
<br />
Even if today's Xi'an is not compared with developed countries horizontally, but is only compared with itself, is the change too small? Someone said to me: Xi'an underground is better than it on the ground. On this day, I walked into a restaurant in the suburbs, and there were broken bones and leftovers all over the ground! Greasy dining tables, dirty plastic wine glasses, blackened sausages and dry century eggs. If the poets of Tang Dynasty visited here, I'm afraid they would leave. Li Bai will probably face upwards and shout: The way to eat delicious food is as hard as the blue sky to scale! However, customers in 1980s used to drink and eat here skillfully. But I find it hard to swallow. What's more, It’s impossible for me to guard against fleas attacking me like villains. I should do as the Romans do? I should have thought reform and adjust my stomach? No, I don't want to adapt to these backward and uncivilized things that shouldn't be there today. Chinese people shouldn't sit between broken bones and leftovers and eat blackened sausages today in the 1980s. We must transform such restaurants to meet the needs of a more civilized society, not let us adapt to it.<br />
<br />
党治国在他的经济论文中写道:“当社会不是从基本的经济事实出发,而是从原则和原理出发,动员思想的、政治的和法律的力量同客观经济规律进行斗争的时 候（‘十年动乱’就是这样典型的时期）,社会付出巨额的经济代价,得到的却是败坏的社会风气和死气沉沉的萧条景象。”<br />
<br />
In his economic paper, Dang wrote: "When the society starts from principles and principles instead of basic economic facts, to mobilize ideological, political and legal forces to fight against objective economic laws ('The Cultural Revolution' is such a typical period), the society pays a huge economic price, but gets bad social climate and depression."<br />
<br />
头脑此心脏重要<br />
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The Mind is More Important Than the Heart<br />
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1975年,邓小平同志出来工作了。在押犯党治国感到好像自己刑满释放ー样的高兴。他觉得这下自己的思想轨迹能合上中央政策的轨迹了。本来嘛,无产阶级夺取政权以后,发展生产力就是无产阶级的根本利益所在。国家的转机来了,他党治国的转机就会来。他把他的希望全部系于小平同志的身上。<br />
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In 1975, Comrade Deng Xiaoping came out to work. The prisoner Dang Zhiguo felt as happy as if he was released from prison. He felt that his ideological track could be close to the track of the central policy. After all, after the proletariat seized political power, it is the fundamental interest of the proletariat to develop productivity. When the turning point of the country comes, the turning point of him will also come. He pinned all his hopes on Comrade Xiaoping.<br />
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但是他等到的却是批邓。<br />
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But what he waited for was to criticize Deng.<br />
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他的头发一下子全白了,稀疏了。<br />
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His hair suddenly turned white and thinned.<br />
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他这个铁铮铮的黑大汉,一下变成了老汉。以前不管在游街时,在监狱中,他的心里经常回荡着他最喜爱的《斗牛士之歌》的旋律。可是从此他再也想不起他那斗牛英雄了,他只记得伏尔加船夫曲了 :唉嗨哟,唉嗨哟……<br />
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He, an unyielding man with dark skin, suddenly became an old man. In the past, whether in the streets or in prison, his heart often echoed with the melody of his favorite "Toreador Song". But he never remembered his bullfighting hero again. He only remembered the "Song of the Volga Boatmen": Ay-da, da, ay-da...<br />
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他并不怕死,准确地说,他最不怕的就是死。但他怕绝望,尤其怕从希望的顶峰突然掉进绝望的深渊。<br />
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He was not afraid of death. To be precise, he feared death the least. But he was afraid of despair, especially falling suddenly from the peak of hope into the abyss of despair.<br />
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社会上大批右倾翻案风,监狱里党治国首当其冲。一个彻底绝望的人,就是一个可怕的人。你们不是要批我翻案复辟吗?好,他自己带头批自己一他不仅要复辟资本主义,而且要复辟封建主义,而且复辟原始共产主义。他从头坏到脚,从脚烂到头。<br />
<br />
In the society, there was the Counterattacking the Right-Deviationist Reversal-of-Verdicts Trend, and Dang bore the brunt in the prison. A completely desperate person is a terrible person. Aren't you going to criticize me for reversing my verdict? Well, he himself took the lead in criticizing himself—he wanted to restore not only capitalism, but also feudalism and primitive communism. He became evil.<br />
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他实在没有生之留恋了。<br />
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There was no love left for him.<br />
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他本来就不重视他这个躯体的物质存在。1967年西安武斗,有一天他把两手插进大衣口袋,大模大样地走向射击密集地。他当时只不过产生了一个奇怪的想法:人中了枪弹是什么感觉?事后想来,那三四十米的射击区里,只他一个人在做死亡游戏,实在也觉得后怕了——不是怕死,是怕死得没意义。<br />
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He didn't pay attention to the material existence of his body. During the violent struggle in Xi'an in 1967, one day, he put his hands in his coat pockets and marched towards an area with intense fire. At that time, he just had a strange idea: What does it feel like to be shot? In hindsight, in the shooting area of 30-40 meters, only he was playing the game of death, and he had a lingering fear—he was not afraid of death, but of meaningless death.<br />
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1968年他在牛棚里给吊打得晕死过去。迷迷糊糊中,听到有人在说:“把党治国打死了也没关系。他死了更好,少了一个反革命。”不,他可不能这么不清不白地死去!<br />
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In 1968, he passed out after he was beaten in the cowshed. In a daze, Ihe heard someone saying, "It doesn't matter if he is killed. It is better if he dies, because a person who is against revolution disappear." No, he can't die in unclear circumstances!<br />
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1970年铜川市把他判了死刑上报省里,省里那次共有七个死刑犯的名单。但据说这一批只枪毙四个,党治国的名字是第五个。又活了过来。打“右派”有指标,抓“现行反革命”有指标,枪毙人有指标。那就是说,不是因为你有罪才杀你,而是因为要杀你才有罪。<br />
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In 1970, Tongchuan City sentenced him to death and reported it to the province, where there were seven prisoners on death row. However, it is said that only four prisoners were shot in this batch, and Dang Zhiguo was the fifth. So he was still alive. There were quotas for fighting against the "rightists", catching anyone who opposed or resisted a revolution after the liberation movement and shooting people. That is to say, it is not because you are guilty that you are killed, but because you are to be killed that you are guilty. <br />
<br />
前四个人当时都给枪毙了,后来都给平反了。如果将来科学发达了,平反的人都能复活就好了。不过这四个人已被打得脑浆迸裂,怕是怎么也复活不了啦。<br />
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The first four people were shot at that time, and then they were rehabilitated politically. If only all the rehabilitated people would be resurrected when technology develops in the future. However, these four people have been beaten their brains out, so they will not be resurrected no matter what approach was taken.<br />
<br />
党治国听到前四名死刑犯的命运后,不寒而栗。现代医学认为判断ー个人是否死亡,首先是看脑子,而不是心脏。头脑比心脏重要。人要是不能思索,不让思索,那就活像是精神的殉葬。西安郊区的前朝古墓里,当初有多少宫女殉葬,多少工匠被活埋!不过秦朝已经比过去进化了,用大量的“俑殉”代替大量的人殉。秦始皇墓附近有三个兵马俑坑。光是一号坑,就有6000件陶俑、陶马,将军俑、武官俑、战袍俑、铠甲俑、跪射俑、立射俑等等。武士俑排成38路纵队,保护着秦始皇的僵尸,保护着僵硬的封建体系。<br />
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Dang Zhiguo trembled when he heard the fate of the first four prisoners on death row. Modern medicine believes that to judge whether a person dies or not, the first thing to do is to look at the brain, not the heart. The mind is more important than the heart. If people can't think and are not allowed to think, it's like spiritual burial. In the ancient mausoleums of former dynasties in the suburbs of Xi'an, how many maids and craftsmen were buried alive! However, the Qin Dynasty has evolved compared with the past, replacing a large number of people with a large number of figurines. There are three pits of terracotta warriors near the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang. In Pit No.1 alone, there are 6,000 pottery figurines, pottery horses, general figurines, military attaché figurines, warrior figurines in battle robes and armor, kneeling figurines, figurines whose posture is shooting and so on. The warrior figurines formed 38 columns to protect the dead body of Qin Shi Huang and the rigid feudal system.<br />
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兵马俑馆的侧,停放着一大溜前来参观者乘坐的汽车。汽车的式样是五花 八门的,汽车的产地却只有一个——日本。偌大的兵马俑馆天天吸引着成千成千的参观者。每天有一千多外宾。香港报纸说里根拍中国马屁,因为里根摸了一下陶马的屁股。法国总理希拉克说世界有七大奇迹,秦俑的发现可以说是八大奇迹了。不过,发掘违反经济规律的教训比发掘古迹更紧迫。较之馆内的兵马俑,馆外的奇迹更给我以强大的刺激——一字长蛇阵地摆着的日产汽车,强化了的日本经济发展的奇迹。<br />
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On the side of the Terracotta Warriors Museum, there were many cars on which visitors sat before. The styles of cars were varied, but the origin of cars was only one—Japan. The huge Terracotta Warriors Museum attracts thousands of visitors every day. There are more than 1,000 foreign guests every day. Hong Kong newspapers said that Reagan kissed China's ass because Reagan touched the pottery horse's ass. French Prime Minister Jacques Chirac said that there are seven wonders in the world, and the discovery of Qin figurines can be said to be the eighth one. However, it is more urgent to discover the lessons of violating economic laws than to discover historical sites. Compared with the Terracotta Warriors inside the museum, the miracle outside the museum gives me a powerful stimulus. Cars made in Japan were placed in a long array, which strengthened the miracle of Japanese economic development.<br />
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经济发展和政治民主是互为作用的。体制的生命力在于自身有新陈代谢的功能,自身能不断选择和更迭各个层次的领导者,自身能不断调整和更新生产关系。党治国写道:“社会主义的扩大再生产还应扩大再生产出社会主义的生产关系。”是的,我们不仅要生产出更多的工农业产品,我们首先要生产出更科学、更合理的生产关系。<br />
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Economic development and political democracy interact with each other. The vitality of the system lies in its metabolism function, its ability to constantly choose and change leaders at all levels, and its ability to constantly adjust and update production relations. Dang wrote: "The expanded reproduction of socialism should also expand and reproduce socialist relations of production." Yes, we should not only produce more industrial and agricultural products, but we should first produce more scientific and reasonable relations of production.<br />
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生——产——关——系?<br />
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Production relations?<br />
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文凭可以补发,思维不能重复<br />
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Diplomas Can be Reissued, But Thinking Cannot be Repeated<br />
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活着的头脑是不能停止思索的。1978年召开全国科学大会的前夕,党治国在监狱里提出他也要向科学大会献礼。他在狱中写了《凿岩机最佳轴推力的研究》和《评皆吉斯朵夫的风钻轴推力公式》等论文,搞了水玻璃泮火机、锉盘的复活技术、自动淬水筛等好几项革新。1980年他一出狱,浮肿着脸就到处搞科技资料,四方出击地发表了关于热处理、轴承、电炉和风动工具等十来篇论文。<br />
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A living mind can't stop thinking. Before the National Science Conference was held in 1978, Dang proposed in prison that he would also present gifts to the conference. In prison, he wrote papers such as Research on Optimal Shaft Thrust of Drilling Machine and Comment on Detistikov's Drilling Machine Shaft Thrust Formula, and made several innovations such as sodium metasilicate quenching machine, revival technology of files, and automatic dewatering screen. When he was released from prison in 1980, he searched scientific and technological materials everywhere with a swollen face, and published a dozen papers on heat treatment, bearings, electric furnaces and pneumatic tools.<br />
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1984年底他调到西安市民用煤研究所工作。他这个清华大学水利系学生进入“右派”生涯后,有10年就是在煤矿里打风钻（即凿岩机）。当初风钻没有支架, 往高处打洞时,党治国本可以搬个随便什么物件,站上去打。但他嫌费事。他总是急急地想多干活。他一见活就着急。他举起60斤重的风钻顶在头上打洞,他那大高个子就是一个活动支架。不过风钻开动时那每分钟震动1800次带来的噪音,整整伤害了他10年。为什么还要听任这种伤人的声波在矿里继续肆虐?！<br />
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At the end of 1984, he was transferred to Xi'an Civil Coal Research Institute. After he, a water conservancy student in Tsinghua University, was recognized as a "rightist", he spent 10 years using drilling machine in coal mines. At the beginning, the drills had no supports, and when holes were drilled in high places, Dang could have moved anything and stood up to drill. But he thought it too troublesome. He was always in a hurry to work more. He was anxious when he had work to do. He lifted a 30-kilogram drilling machine top to make a hole in his head, and his tall figure was a movable bracket. But when the drill machine was turned on, it vibrated 1800 times every minute, which brought noises hurting him for 10 years. Why should he let this hurtful sound wave continue to spread out in the mine? !<br />
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党治国把气动凿岩机的设计图纸送到一些有条件生产的工厂。技术人员一看就明白,可是领导们说:这只不过是图纸,没有样机来证明。<br />
<br />
Dang sent the design drawings of rotary pneumatic rock drills to some factories with conditions for production. Technicians can understand them when they see them, but leaders said: This is just a drawing, and there is no prototype to prove it.<br />
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可是,党治国是测试过数据,证实了原理的。<br />
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However, Dang had tested the data and confirmed the principle.<br />
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可是,连风钻的使用单位也不想关心这种新型风钻的产生,因为制造和他们无关。<br />
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However, even the users of pneumatic drills did not want to care about the production of this new type of pneumatic drills, because manufacturing had nothing to do with them.<br />
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正儿八经搞制造的工厂,一想生产新机器要投资新设备,投资本身就带有冒险性质。冒险的事不干。<br />
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Factories that were seriously engaged in manufacturing thought that they had to invest in new equipment if they wanted to produce new machines, and investment itself was risky. Employees in these factories didn’t want to take risks.<br />
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洛阳有个厂或许有可能生产。党治国用上他四年没用的探亲假赶去了,住在洛阳一个旅馆里,每天的伙食是四个烧饼。这每天四个烧饼,引起了同屋一个人的注意。他是江苏泰兴一个乡办厂的负责人。乡镇企业有自主权,有变革自己落后面貌的愿望,有靠开发新产品闯出路子的需要。他先是为党治国的四个烧饼所感动,后是为党治国的凿岩机所打动,决定把这个项目带回江苏去搞。<br />
<br />
There was a factory in Luoyang that may produce it. Dang took his parental leave that he didn’t use for four years to go there, and stayed in a hotel in Luoyang. The daily food was four baked wheat cakes. These four baked wheat cakes every day attracted the attention of one of Dang’s roommates. He was the person in charge of setting up a factory in Taixing, Jiangsu Province. Township enterprises had ownership, had the desire to change their backward appearance, and the need to find a way out by developing new products. He was first moved by Dang’s four baked wheat cakes, and then moved by the rock drills of Dang, so he decided to bring this project back to Jiangsu.<br />
<br />
小厂很有积极性,当下投进两三万元的资金。但是,这么一个突破传统结构的凿岩机,让一个乡办小厂搞,从资金到人力,都难以继续下去。具有研制能力的大单位,又不想列入计划。那么,党治国自己集资?<br />
<br />
The small factory was very motivated, and 20,000 yuan to 30,000 yuan were invested. However, it was difficult for a small township-run factory to continue from capital to manpower, with such a rock drill that broke through the traditional structure. Large units with research and development capabilities did not want to be included in the plan. So, Dang raised funds by himself?<br />
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清华大学的教授们,黄万里已经寄来了100元,钱伟长就要寄钱来了……<br />
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Professors from Tsinghua University like Huang Wanli had already sent 100 yuan, and Qian Weichang was going to send money...<br />
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中国几十年来割资本主义尾巴,近几年小心翼翼地提出一部分人先富起来。党治国哪里去找这些先富起来的人?党治国怎么能筹集这上万上万的资金?<br />
<br />
China had been cutting off the tail of capitalism for decades, and in recent years it has carefully proposed that some people get rich first. Where can Dang find these people who get rich first? How can he raise tens of thousands of funds?<br />
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他原先以为出了监狱就是解放了。1980年他是被提前释放的。如果按原判20年的话,他本应服刑到1990年。既然对他是错判,那么能不能还他时间呢?<br />
<br />
He thought he was liberated when he left prison. He was released early in 1980. According to original trial, he would have served his sentence until 1990. Since he was wrongly judged, can his time be given back?<br />
<br />
当然这是幻想。清队时有个人分不清“幻”字和“幼”字,以为只是意思相通读音不同。每每在对党治国们训话时,用上他以为很有学问的话:“一切幻想都是幼想! 一切幼想都是幻想!”一个“党治国专案组”五个人一年就得花一万多元钱,应该有人做个社会调查——全国有过多少专案组、调查组,用了多少人力,用了多少金钱,解决了多少问题,制造了多少冤案。侵犯的人权,要不要追究法律责任?浪费的金钱,要不要承担经济损失?<br />
<br />
Of course, this was a fantasy. During the period of cleansing the class ranks, there was a man who couldn't tell the difference between the word "幻" (fantasy) and the word "幼" (young), thinking that they had the same meaning but different pronunciation. Every time he lectured Dang and others, he said what he thought was very learned: "All fantasies are young! All young thoughts are fantasies!" Five people in a "task force for Dang Zhiguo" had to spend more than 10,000 yuan a year. Someone should make a social survey on how many task forces and investigation teams have been in the country, how many manpower and money have been used, how many problems have been solved and how many unjust cases have been created. Do you want to pursue legal responsibility for violated human rights? Do you want to bear economic losses for wasted money?<br />
<br />
不该查不该调的内查外调所花的巨额投资如果用来开发新产品,那么开发的岂止是产品,还有是积极性,是人!<br />
<br />
If the huge investment spent on unnecessary investigation was used to develop new products, then not only products, but also enthusiasm and people will be more!<br />
<br />
为了个人的利害关系用公家的钱去整人,是不会心疼钱的;为了企业的发展多揽一件事,又何必找这个麻烦?企业搞不搞新产品,于个人有什么利益?<br />
<br />
For the sake of personal interests, it is not distressing to use government money to trick people. In order to take one more thing for the development of the enterprise, why bother? Whether an enterprise engages in new products or not, what benefits does it have for individuals?<br />
<br />
我站在秦陵二号铜车马跟前,不胜感慨! 2000多年前就有这样的工艺水平! 一共3000多个部件,根据铸件性能的不同,采用不同的合金比例,青铜的冶铸技术和现在基本相仿,机械连接采用的是现在仍在广泛使用的键连接、饺链连接等等。马身上装配的金当卢、金银泡等饰件和用具就有2500多件。铜车马在地下埋了2000多年了,至今链条非常灵活,车的门窗开关自如！<br />
<br />
I stood in front of the bronze chariots and horses of Qin Mausoleum No.2, and I was overwhelmed with emotion! There was such a technological level more than 2000 years ago! There were more than 3,000 parts in total. According to the different casting properties, different alloy ratios were adopted. The smelting and casting technology of bronze was basically similar to that of now. The mechanical connection adopted key joint, pilot pin joint and so on, which are still widely used now. There were more than 2,500 pieces of ornaments and utensils such as gold masks and gold and silver bubbles assembled on horses. Bronze chariots and horses have been buried underground for more than 2000 years. Up to now, the chain is very flexible, and the doors and windows of the car can be opened and closed freely!<br />
<br />
我们的先人在公元前就有这样的科学技术水平,那么2000年后的今天,进展如何呢?<br />
<br />
Our ancestors had such a level of science and technology in BC, so what is the progress today after 2000 years?<br />
<br />
进展也好,不进展也好,反正照样拿工资。<br />
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Whether there is progress or not, people still get the money anyway.<br />
<br />
我打开清华大学第002150号毕业证书。证书上是一张像出土文物似的老人相片。不知是因为五十来岁的党治国照得比他实际年龄更老,还是因为他现在的相片放在大学毕业证书上实在不相称而愈加显老。50年代的清华大学水利系学生在80年代拿到了补发的毕业文凭。不过他已经不想把他的主要精力放在科技上了。<br />
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I opened the diploma No.002150 of Tsinghua University. On the certificate was a photo of an old man like an unearthed cultural relic. I didn't know whether it was because Dang in his fifties was taken older in the picture than his actual age, or because his current photo was out of proportion with his college diploma. Students in the water conservancy department of Tsinghua University in the 1950s got a reissued diploma in the 1980s. But he didn't want to focus on technology anymore.<br />
<br />
文凭可以补发,思维不能重复。他积几十年之教训,感到首先要面对的是——生产关系。<br />
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Diploma can be reissued, but thinking cannot be repeated. After decades of lessons, he felt that the first thing he had to face was production relations.<br />
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没有主人的企业<br />
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Enterprises Without Owners<br />
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那些国营企业为什么不想创新产品、不想要人才?农村改革势如破竹,为什么到城市以后改革就步履维艰?乡镇企业拳打脚踢,生气勃勃,国营企业为什么缺乏活力?原因是什么?症结在哪里?<br />
<br />
Why didn't those state-owned enterprises want innovative products and talents? Rural reform was in full swing. Why was it difficult to reform in cities? Why did state-owned enterprises lack vitality when township enterprises were full of vigor? What was the reason? Where is the crux?<br />
<br />
党治国的回答是:“企业中没有真正的主人。”<br />
<br />
The answer of Dang was: "There is no real owner in the enterprise."<br />
<br />
工人不是企业的主人吗?解放初,我们就宣传工人当家做了主。三十多年过去了,难道还没成为企业的主人?“三十多年来一直对国营企业的职工进行主人翁思想教育这件事本身,恰恰证明国营企业职工不是企业的主人。”党治国写道,“一对年轻夫妇买了一台彩电,等不到走出商店的大门,对于这台彩电的主人翁思想,便像铁钉一样钉入了他们的脑海,根本用不着对他们进行主人翁思想的教育。”<br />
<br />
Aren't workers the owners of enterprises? At the beginning of liberation, we publicized that workers were the masters of the country. After more than 30 years, haven't they become the owner of the enterprise? "For more than 30 years, we have been educating the employees of state-owned enterprises about their ownership, which just proves that the employees of state-owned enterprises are not the owners of enterprises." Dang Zhiguo wrote, "After a young couple bought a color TV set, the ownership about this TV will be nailed into their minds before they get out of the door of the store. And there is no need to educate them how to be the owner of it."<br />
<br />
我们不是承认思想是第二性的吗?那么,主人翁思想也应该是被物质存在决定的オ对。党治国的思考方向带有科学性。<br />
<br />
Don't we admit that conscious experience is based in physical processes? Then, ownership should also be determined by material existence. The thinking direction of Dang is scientific.<br />
<br />
我们常常可以看到这种场面:一个工厂突然停电了,或者是机器坏了,工人们喜形于色,奔走相告。因为既可以早回家,又算是出勤了,工资照发。企业的亏损或盈利和职工的利益没有多大关系。群众不能多得,但是可以少劳。职工对企业的冷漠态度,不过是企业所有制关系在职工意识中的反映。<br />
<br />
We can often see such scenes: a factory suddenly went out of power, or the machine broke down, and the workers were jubilant and rushed to tell each other. Because they can go home early and they also punch in, so they can still gain salary. The loss or profit of an enterprise has little to do with the interests of employees. The masses can't get more, but they can work less. The indifferent attitude of employees towards enterprises is only a reflection of the sense of ownership of enterprises.<br />
<br />
企业的领导是不是主人?当然我们有很多优秀的领导,但是为什么报纸上经常有这样的披露:<br />
<br />
Is the leader of an enterprise the master? Of course, we have many excellent leaders, but why do newspapers often disclose this:<br />
<br />
“新华社长春7月21日电:吉林铁合金厂9名厂级干部在不到两年的时间里, 平均每人晋升5.28级,其中最高的长了7.5级;1984年,每人平均得奖金1770多元,是职エ奖金的4.4倍。”（1985年7月22日《西安晚报》）<br />
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"Changchun/July 21/Xinhua News Agency: In less than two years, nine factory-level cadres of Jilin Ferroalloy Factory were promoted by an average of 5.28 levels, of which the highest was 7.5 levels; In 1984, each person received an average bonus of more than 1,770 yuan, which was 4.4 times the employee bonus." (Xi'an Evening News, July 22, 1985)<br />
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“鞍钢钢铁研究所联合实验厂三名领导干部‘以官论奖’,乱分奖金现象严重。 他们在不到九个月的时间里,每人平均分得奖金8600余元,相当于工人奖金的19倍,在职工中造成恶劣影响。”（1985年8月6日《工人日报》）<br />
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"Three leading cadres in the joint experimental factory of Angang Iron and Steel Research Institute 'give awards according to seniority', and the phenomenon of randomly dividing bonuses is serious. In less than nine months, each of them received an average bonus of more than 8,600 yuan, which is equivalent to 19 times of the employee bonus, causing bad influence on employees." (Workers' Daily, August 6, 1985)<br />
<br />
“这类国营企业的领导人,他们作风上的损害国家及职工利益以自肥,和工作上的极端不负责任,说明他们也不是企业的主人。”<br />
<br />
"The leaders of such state-owned enterprises, whose style of work is harmful to the interests of the state and employees, and they are extremely irresponsible for their work, which shows that they are not the owners of the enterprises."<br />
<br />
“主人不盗窃自己的财产。”党治国一语道破了问题的实质。<br />
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"The owner does not steal his own property." Dang's words reveal the essence of the problem.<br />
<br />
他进一步论证说:“主人就是人格化的所有权。作为企业的主人,他个人的利益和命运应该同企业的兴衰和前途是息息相关的。他在企业中的利益,绝不是一个可以忽略的量。例如对于一个拥有1000万元资金和1000名职工的企业来说, 每个职工推动的生产资金为1万元。而如果每个职工仅仅以社会全体成员之一, 也就是说作为我国10亿人口之一的身份享有对企业的所有权,那么企业的资产对于每个职工来说就只有0.01元。企业的倒闭只使职工个人损失1分钱,又怎么能期望每个职工把企业的存亡当作自己性命攸关的事情呢?”<br />
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He further argued: "Owner is personalized ownership. As the owner of an enterprise, his personal interests and destiny should be closely related to the rise and fall and future of the enterprise. His interests in the enterprise are by no means negligible. For example, for an enterprise with 10 million yuan capital and 1,000 employees, the production capital promoted by each employee is 10,000 yuan. And if each employee only enjoys the ownership of the enterprise as one of all members of society, that is to say, as one of China's 1 billion people, then the assets of the enterprise are only 0.01 yuan for each employee. The collapse of the enterprise only makes the individual lose 1 cent. So how can we expect each employee to regard the survival of the enterprise as a matter of vital importance?"<br />
<br />
当一个人对于企业财产拥有的数量,足以影响他的生存并决定他的贫富的时候,他方才称得上企业的真正主人,而不仅仅是观念上的主人。主人的权利表现在参与企业的决策和管理的权利;在企业按劳动参加分配的权利;按对企业财产占有量参加利润分配的权利。<br />
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When the amount of property owned by an individual is enough to affect his survival and determine his wealth, he can be called the real owner of the enterprise, not just the conceptual owner. The owner's right is manifested in the right to participate in the decision-making and management of the enterprise, in the right to participate in distribution according to labor in enterprises, and in the right to participate in profit distribution according to the possession of enterprise property.<br />
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农村实行联产承包责任制获得成功,有人便以为承包万能,在城市里也大搞承包。但“包字进城”并没有取得预想的结果。党治国找出了其中的原因。农民承包成功,关键是权利和义务的对等。超产固然使农民首先得利,歉产也使农民首先亏损。经营责任者没有责任能力（赔偿能力）,是国有企业严重存在而又难以解决的实际问题。有的厂长说,我给国家亏损了几十万。可有什么办法?把我这一百多斤交给孙二娘卖人肉包子,也卖不了几个钱嘛。<br />
<br />
When the implementation of the household responsibility system in rural areas was successful, some people thought that the system was omnipotent, so they also introduced it in cities. However, it did not achieve the expected results. Dang found the reason. The key to the success of farmers' household responsibility system is the equivalence of rights and obligations. Although overproduction makes farmers benefit first, failure to produce also makes farmers lose first. It is a serious and difficult problem for state-owned enterprises to solve that those who are responsible for management have no responsibility ability (or compensation ability). Some factory directors said that they lost hundreds of thousands of yuan to the country. But what can they do? Let Sun Erniang make filling in buns with my flesh weighing over 100 jin to sell them, and she can't earn too much.<br />
<br />
没有责任能力的时候,就可能不负责任。好比叫一个3岁的小孩上街买彩电, 他在路上把钱丢了,你也无可奈何,因为小孩没有这个责任能力。<br />
<br />
When you have no ability to be responsible, you may be irresponsible. For example, if a 3-year-old child is asked to buy a color TV set, and he loses his money on the way, you have no alternative, because the child doesn't have the ability to be responsible.<br />
<br />
党治国把问题做了进一步的引申,说明国营企业缺乏持久的活力,是一个包括社会主义和资本主义国家在内的世界性问题。我们在理论上承认职工是企业的主人,却不知道主人的财产权究竟在哪里?主人,这是一个确切的经济事实,而不是一个思想概念。它确定职工在企业中的地位,使职工看到关系着自己的命运的可变的经济利益,唤起职工的负责精神!<br />
<br />
Dang extended the problem, which shows that the lack of lasting vitality of state-owned enterprises is a worldwide problem including socialist and capitalist countries. Theoretically, we admit that employees are the owner of the enterprise, but we don't know where the owner's property rights are. Owner is an exact economic fact, not an ideological concept. It determines the position of employees in the enterprise, makes employees see the variable economic interests related to their own destiny, and evokes the sense of responsibility of employees!<br />
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“走后门”和经济规律<br />
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Pulling Strings and Economic Laws<br />
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主人不在,后门洞开。<br />
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In the absence of the owner, the back door opened.<br />
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有些紧俏商品,例如名牌自行车,凭票证供应。票证本来是无价的,但是人们通过送礼、行贿从后门搞来的票证,就是有价的了。交换越发展,票证就越能得到它的充分价值。最后,一张票证甚至可卖到100来元。<br />
<br />
Some goods in short supply, such as brand-name bicycles, are supplied by coupons (a system imposed to control the production of food and to boost industrialization). Coupons are priceless, but coupons that people get by pulling strings and bribes are valuable. The more the exchange develops, the more the coupon can get its full value. Finally, a coupon can even be sold for about 100 yuan.<br />
<br />
名牌自行车的供销矛盾,本来可以通过调整价格来解决。如果原来值150元一辆,可以提高到200元、250元,提高到一定程度,供销就会趋向平衡。每辆自行车多卖的钱,就用来扩大名牌自行车的生产。<br />
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The contradiction between supply and marketing of famous brand bicycles could have been solved by adjusting the price. If the original price of 150 yuan can be raised to 200 yuan or 250 yuan, and the supply and marketing will tend to be balanced when the price is raised to a certain level. The extra money sold for each bicycle can be used to expand the production of famous brand bicycles.<br />
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但是我们却用票证来限制购买。结果是100元钱从前门送不进,只好从后门送给了私人。自行车的充分价格,通过曲折的道路实现了。<br />
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But we use coupons to restrict purchases. As a result, 100 yuan's money could not be sent in through the front door, so it had to be given to individuals through the back door privately. The full price of bicycles is raised through winding roads.<br />
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所以,经济规律不仅不以人们的意志为转移,反过来还要转移人们的意志。党治国发表了他的论文:《经济规律在行动中——论走后门是济经规律遇阻时发生作用的一种形式》。<br />
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Therefore, economic laws not only do not transfer people's will, but also transfer people's will in turn. Dang published his paper: "Economic laws are in action—pulling strings is a form of economic laws that work when they are limited".<br />
<br />
“走后门等不正之风不过是国家花巨款买来的社会祸害。它是经济规律遇阻时发生作用的一种形式,也是经济规律对于诸如‘物价稳定’‘等价交换’、否定地租规律等固定观念的惩罚。”“人们所能改变的,只是经济规律发生作用的形式,而不能改变经济规律本身。”<br />
<br />
"Dishonest practices such as pulling strings are just social scourges bought by the state with huge sums of money. It is a form of economic laws that work when they are limited, and also the punishment of economic laws for fixed concepts such as 'price stability', 'equivalent exchange' and denial of land rent law." "What people can change is only the form in which economic laws work, but not the economic laws themselves."<br />
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我走到西安的城墙下,城墙周长11.9公里,高12米,顶宽12至14米。真是 庞大的防御体系。给人安全感和封闭感。这是明朝朱元璋修建的:“高筑墙,广积粮,缓称王。”后来我们继承传统,提出了“深挖洞,广积粮,不称霸”。结果是即使称霸也未必具有威慑力量,至今吃饭还要粮票,西安市中心的地下防空洞改装成了低档的游乐场。洞内墙壁剥落,洞里传出粗重的迪斯科乐声。售票员姑娘在众目睽睽之下用廉价的化妆品细细地对着小镜子抹脸。好像她的工作不是售票,而是做化妆讲座。<br />
<br />
I walked under the city wall of Xi'an. The perimeter of the city wall was 11.9 kilometers, and it was 12 meters high and 12 to 14 meters wide. What a huge defense system, giving people a sense of security and isolation. This was built by Zhu Yuanzhang in the Ming Dynasty: "Build a high wall, accumulate more grain, and slowly become an emperor." Later, we inherited the tradition and put forward the idea of "digging deep holes, accumulating grain extensively, and not seeking hegemony". As a result, even hegemony may not have deterrent power. Up to now, food coupons were needed if you wanted to eat something, and the underground air-raid shelter in the center of Xi'an had been converted into a low-grade amusement park. The walls in the cave peeled off, and thick and heavy disco music came from the cave. The conductor girl applied cheap cosmetics carefully in front of the small mirror in full view of the public. It seemed that her job was not to sell tickets, but to give makeup lectures.<br />
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有什么样的经济基础,就会产生什么样的生活水准和精神素质。经济规律活动在我们的各个领域中。<br />
<br />
Different economic foundations will produce different living standards and spiritual quality. Economic laws are in our various fields.<br />
<br />
尤其突出地活动在住房问题中。我走进城郊党治国的家。屋顶是一根根劈开的树杆,有一根树干上写着一行字:“公元一九八五年金秋九月三日正午新屋上梁大吉。”自然是农民房了。这一间二十多平方米的房,如果在别处就得收月租35元到45元。但这里近处是铁道,噪音不断。窗后是煤厂的大煤堆。一年四季不敢开窗,免得刮一屋子煤灰,所以月租是25元。<br />
<br />
They are especially active in the housing problem. I walked into Dang’s home in a suburb. The roof was made of tree trunks, and a line was written on one trunk: "At noon on September 3rd in the golden autumn of 1985 AD, the new house is in good condition." Naturally, it was a rural house. If this room of more than 20 square meters were located elsewhere, it would have to be rented monthly from 35 yuan to 45 yuan. But there was a railway near here, so there was constant noise. Behind the window was a large coal pile in the coal plant. People dared not open windows all year round, so as to avoid coal ashes from falling in the whole room. So the monthly rent was 25 yuan.<br />
<br />
“这就是地租规律。”党治国对我说,“这是由供需关系决定的。不过住房商品化至今难以推行,总是有人反对吧。人的本能就是利益的本能。现在有些地方,盖房用了一年时间,分房倒用了两年时间。分房比盖房还难。因为违反了地租规律、经济规律。<br />
<br />
"This is the law of land rent." He said to me, "This is determined by the relationship between supply and demand. However, it is difficult to implement the commercialization of housing so far, and some people always oppose it. Human instinct is the instinct of interests. Nowadays, in some places, it takes one year to build houses, but it takes two years to distribute houses. It is more difficult to distribute houses than to build them. Because it violates the laws of land rent and the economy."<br />
<br />
“用行政手段分房,来代替经济规律平衡人口的分布,结果是人们将为之付出活动费和贿赂。这只不过是社会自愿放弃的房租的转化形式。贿赂的多少不是由特权者的贪欲或是行贿者的经济状况决定的,而是由地租规律及其受阻程度决定的。”<br />
<br />
"Using administrative means to distribute houses instead of economic laws to balance the distribution of population. As a result, people will pay activity fees and bribes for it. This is just a transformation form of rent voluntarily abandoned by society. Bribes are not determined by the greed of privileged people or the economic situation of bribers, but by the law of land rent and its degree of obstruction."<br />
<br />
我想起我走进党治国家之前,附近不少农民在盖房,自然又是商品房。我乘坐的那辆汽车差点和一辆运砖的马车相撞——太挤了。人。砖。水泥。木料。而这个盖房大竞赛的总指挥是:经济规律。<br />
<br />
I remembered that before I walked into Dang’s house, many farmers nearby were building houses, which were naturally commercial houses. The car I was in almost collided with a carriage carrying bricks—it was too crowded. People. Bricks. Cement. Wood. And the commander-in-chief of this big competition for building houses is: economic laws.<br />
<br />
思想的局限<br />
<br />
Limitations of Thought<br />
<br />
“两栖人”党治国在继续研制气动凿岩机的同时,又在经济理论的岩层上向更深的层次开凿:他的经济论文《论剪刀差》《经济规律在行动中一论走后门是经济规律受阻时发生作用的一种形式》《一个重要的经济规律——论基本分配规律》等一篇篇地发表了。不过都发在科技刊物上。这未必是经济规律受阻,而是学术空气受阻时发生作用的一种形式。<br />
<br />
While continuing to study rotary pneumatic rock drills, the "Amphibious Man" had dug deeper into the rock stratum of economic theory: his economic papers "On Scissors Difference", " Economic laws are in action—pulling strings is a form of economic laws that work when they are limited", "An Important Economic Law: On Basic Distribution Laws" and so on. They had been published one by one. But they were all published in scientific journals. This is not necessarily a form of action when the economic laws are limited, but a form of action when the academic atmosphere is blocked.<br />
<br />
党治国抓住了事物的根本——经济规律的指挥棒,他便能听清思想工作中的不和谐音了:<br />
<br />
When Dang grasped the baton of economic laws, which is the root of things, he can hear the dissonance in ideological work:<br />
<br />
公有制下的企业,只有在一定条件下,即革命胜利后革命政党和那些受到 革命鼓舞的群众还保持着革命热情和充满着革命理想那样一个黄金时代,才能正常运转和迅速发展。随着革命热情被利害的打算冷却,革命理想为日常的现实所冲淡,这些企业的弊病就出来了。<br />
<br />
Enterprises under public ownership can operate normally and develop rapidly only under certain conditions, that is, after the victory of the revolution, the revolutionary political parties and the masses encouraged by the revolution still maintain revolutionary enthusiasm and are full of revolutionary ideals, which is a golden age. As revolutionary enthusiasm is cooled by plans focusing on interests and revolutionary ideals are less strong because of daily reality, problems of these enterprises come out.<br />
<br />
我们曾经把共产主义简化为小生产者的平均主义,并且宣布是马上就可 以进入的“天堂”。当这种共产主义的幼稚幻想被残酷的事实粉碎后,又代之以“阶级斗争要搞一万年”的极度悲观的论调,并由此诱发出人整人,狂热。人们对一万年以后的共产主义无从稽考,所以光用共产主义的豪言壮语难以普遍地激发人们的热情了。<br />
<br />
We once simplified communism and regarded it as egalitarianism of small producers and declared it a "paradise" that can be entered immediately. When this naive fantasy of communism was shattered by cruel facts, it was replaced by the extremely pessimistic argument that "class conflict should last for ten thousand years", which induced the phenomenon that people trick people and fanaticism. There is no way for people to examine communism after 10,000 years, so it is difficult to arouse people's enthusiasm universally with the grandiloquence of communism alone.<br />
<br />
对于未来,我们更多谈及的,往往是多少产量、多少收入等等物质生活的 提高。很少论及我们的社会主义将有什么发展,我们的所有制、生产方式、分配关系、政治制度、家庭结构、人际关系、思想观念,到时候是什么样子。<br />
<br />
For the future, we often talk more about the improvement of material life, such as output, income and so on. Very little is said about the development of our socialism, and what our ownership, mode of production, distribution relations, political system, family structure, interpersonal relationships and ideas will look like in the days to come.<br />
<br />
当我们常常用未来物质生活如何丰富的数字来充塞人们的头脑时,又怎 能希望只用思想和劝善来填补精神的匮乏呢!<br />
<br />
When we often fill people's minds with figures of how rich material life will be in the future, how can we hope to fill the lack of spirit only by using thoughts and encouraging people to do good?<br />
<br />
现在常常听到责备人们“向钱看”。权利和义务是不可分的。权利超过 义务,就会不负责任,以权谋私;义务超过权利,人们就会推卸责任而变得冷漠,并变着法弥补自己被忽略的利益。这两类表现,可以归之于“觉悟不高”或“思想落后”吧。不过这种道义上的谴责和政治上的批评并不能解决根本问题。撤销职务和法律惩处虽然儆戒未来,却无助于弥补已经造成的经济损失。何况被撤掉的职务本来就不属于被撤职者自己。<br />
<br />
Nowadays, people are often blamed for "looking at money". Rights and obligations are inseparable. If rights exceed obligations, people will be irresponsible and abuse power for personal gain; When obligations exceed rights, people will shirk their responsibilities, become indifferent, and rack their brains to make up for their neglected interests. These two kinds of manifestations can be attributed to "low consciousness" or "regressive ideas". However, this moral condemnation and political criticism cannot solve the fundamental problem. Although dismissal and legal punishment are an example to the future, they will not help to make up for the economic losses already caused. What's more, the removed position does not belong to the removed person himself.<br />
<br />
主人公的责任感,说到底,首先不是一种思想问题,而是一个所有权的问 题。只有当每个社会成员清楚地感受到社会主义所有制对自己究竟意味着什么,才会真正关心社会主义经济的现状和未来,才会真正以主人的身份行使自己的支配权、劳动权和分配权。<br />
<br />
In the final analysis, the owner's sense of responsibility is not a matter of thought, but a matter of ownership. Only when every member of society clearly feels what socialist ownership means to himself, will he really care about the present situation and future of socialist economy, and will he truly exercise his right to dominate, work and distribute as an owner.<br />
<br />
在这种情况下,反复对人们进行主人翁思想教育,将只会使他们感到诧 异。如同你在路上突然被人拉住,向你宣传你要对自己的身体倍加爱护一样。既然人们事实上是社会的主人,并且每个人无一例外地从主人的地位中得到了实际的利益,他们自然而且必然会关心生产资料的正确支配和合理使用,把社会主义事业的发展看作与自己性命攸关的事情。<br />
<br />
In this case, it will only surprise people to repeatedly educate them about being owners. It's like being suddenly pulled by someone on the road, who tell you that you should take more care of your body. Since people are in fact the owners of society, and everyone without exception gets actual benefits from their status as owners, they will naturally and inevitably care about the correct control and rational use of the means of production, and regard the development of the socialist cause as a matter of vital importance to their own lives.<br />
<br />
不能把共产主义这一具有鲜明时代特征的科学等同于自古以来就有的舍 己为人、公而忘私乃至降格到积德行善的水平。原始公社时期那种“不独亲其亲,不独子其子”的人际关系,并不是思想觉悟的表现,而是由生产资料公有制的关系决定的。共产主义不是一种孤立的品质,而是一种标志着一个社会发展阶段的生产关系、社会关系的科学。这就如同卖菜时很会算账的同志未必懂得高等数学ー样。<br />
<br />
Communism, a science with distinctive characteristics of the times, cannot be equated with self-sacrifice, devoted to public interests as to forget one’s own interests, or even degraded to the level of accumulating virtues and doing good deeds since ancient times. In the primitive commune period, the interpersonal relationship—People don't just think of their relatives as their relatives, and they don't just think of their children as their children—was not a manifestation of ideological consciousness, but determined by the relationship of public ownership of the means of production. Communism is not an isolated quality, but a science that marks the relations of production and social relations in a stage of social development. This is just like comrades who are good at settling accounts when selling vegetables may not know advanced mathematics.<br />
<br />
理想和热情必须从科学社会主义的经济基础上产生出来,不可能附着在 过时的体制上。列宁说:“依靠信念、忠诚和其他优秀的精神品质,这在政治上是完全不严肃的。”这里还要加上一句:这在经济上也是完全不严肃的。<br />
<br />
Ideals and passions must emerge from the economic foundation of scientific socialism, and cannot be attached to outdated systems. Lenin said: "Relying on faith, loyalty and other excellent spiritual qualities is completely not serious in politics." Besides, it is also not economically serious at all.<br />
<br />
这里丝毫不包含轻视思想的作用,而是说观念是和利益连接在ー起的。马克思说,精神从一开始就很倒霉,注定要受物质的纠缠。离开了具体的物质利益,单纯靠思想工作来解决所有问题是不现实的。<br />
<br />
There is no contempt for the role of ideas here, but the meaning is that ideas are connected with interests. Marx said that the spirit is unlucky from the beginning, and is destined to be entangled by material. Without concrete material interests, it is unrealistic to solve all problems simply by ideological work.<br />
<br />
党治国企图说明和坚持的,是意识由存在来决定的唯物主义基本原理。<br />
<br />
What Dang attempts to explain and adhere to is the basic principle of materialism that consciousness is determined by existence.<br />
<br />
经济一团糟的经济理论家<br />
<br />
An Economic Theorist Without Money<br />
<br />
党治国对社会主义所有制关系的研究,主张要严格区别公有和共有这两个概念。马克思、恩格斯在《共产党宣言》中强调:“在发展进程中,当阶级差别已经消失而全部生产集中在联合起来的个人的手里的时候,公众的权利就失去政治的性质。”党治国由此认为,科学社会主义所有制,是“联合起来的个人”的所有制,即共有制。社会主义共有制是社会主义公有制的必要准备。社会主义公有制是社会主义共有制的必然趋势。公有不能量化,共有可以量化到个人。<br />
<br />
In the study of socialist ownership relations, Dang advocated to strictly distinguish the two concepts of public ownership and common ownership. Marx and Engels emphasized in The Communist Manifesto: "In the process of development, when class differences have disappeared and all production is concentrated in the hands of united individuals, public rights will lose their political nature." Therefore, Dang held that the scientific socialist ownership was the ownership of "united individuals", that is, the public ownership system. Socialist communal system is the necessary preparation for socialist public ownership. Socialist public ownership is the inevitable trend of socialist public ownership system. Public ownership cannot be quantified, but common ownership can be quantified to individuals.<br />
<br />
公有也罢,共有也罢,党治国自己是一无所有。<br />
<br />
Whether it is public or common, Dang found that he had nothing.<br />
<br />
他1980年出狱后,到现在已经搬了六次家,这才搬到这间靠着煤山、傍着火车轨道的符合地租规律的农民房里。杜甫当年疾呼:安得广厦千万间,大庇天下寒士俱欢颜。当代寒士党治国和他的父母、儿子的衣物连同他们四个人,加起来用一辆东风三轮就可以拉着跑了。所以尽管东搬西挪地到处借房,倒也不算费事。<br />
<br />
Since he was released from prison in 1980, he has moved six times to this rural house, which was close to a coal mountain, beside the train track and conformed to the law of land rent. Du Fu cried out in those days: Could I get mansions covering ten thousand miles, I'd house all scholars poor and make them beam with smiles. The clothes of the contemporary poor man Dang Zhiguo and his parents and son, together with the four, can be pulled with one Dongfeng motor tricycle. Therefore, although they borrowed houses everywhere, it was not troublesome.<br />
<br />
1986年的中国,城市里居然还有这样穷困的角落。一眼望去,这间屋里不是板子,就是绳子。旧板子搁在长凳上,是党治国和他儿子的床。他父母睡一张借来的旧板床,床腿绑着绳子倒也能站得住。凳子的腿也绑着绳子。破写字桌上,又是用一根白绳子系着一个自己用烟纸卷就的灯罩。<br />
<br />
In China in 1986, there was such a poor corner in the city. At first glance, this room had either planks or ropes. The old plank was on the bench, which was the bed for Dang and his son. His parents slept in a borrowed old bed made of planks, and the legs of the bed can stand with ropes tied. The legs of the stool were also tied with ropes. On the broken writing desk was a lampshade wrapped with cigarette paper and tied with a white rope.<br />
<br />
还有大案板和小板箱。<br />
<br />
There were also big chopping boards and small crates.<br />
<br />
党治国这30年,从精神到肉体的挨板子,从精神到肉体的被捆绑,终算安定下来了,陪伴他的又多是板子和绳子!我只觉ー阵苦楚。<br />
<br />
In the past 30 years, he was beaten from the spirit to the body, and was tied up from the spirit to the body, and he finally settled down. What accompanied by him most were planks and ropes! I only felt a burst of pain.<br />
<br />
恩格斯说过,马克思是最大的经济学家,可是他自己的经济ー团糟。<br />
<br />
Engels said that Marx was the influential economist, but his own economy was bad.<br />
<br />
一位朋友为说话而说话:“今天天气很好。”<br />
<br />
A friend spoke for the sake of talking: "It's a fine day today."<br />
<br />
“1970年的时候,我弟弟唯一的愿望就是但求有个好天气。”党治国说,“当时已经决定判我死刑了。家里人有什么办法?只求能从刑场拉回我的尸体。弟弟借好了架子车,可是我老家韩城离铜川有三四百里地,要是赶上雨天,那一趟泥地够我弟弟拉的!我既然必死无疑,家里人就退ー步只希望有个好天气了。”<br />
<br />
"In 1970, my brother's only wish was to have a good weather." Dang said, "At that time, it was decided to sentence me to death. What can my family do? They just want to pull my body back from the execution ground. My younger brother borrowed a wheelbarrow, but my hometown Hancheng was three or four hundred li away from Tongchuan. If it was a rainy day, it would be difficult for my younger brother to pull the wheelbarrow because of the mud! Now that I will die definitely, my family concede and only hope for a good weather."<br />
<br />
党治国好像在叙述一件与己无关的事。淡淡的。也许他遇到的悲剧太多了? 也许他们韩城人有判刑后发奋的传统?他的书桌旁贴着一幅韩城人司马迁狱中写《史记》的画。党治国在狱中通读《资本论》三遍,自然还读凡能入狱的马、恩、列、 斯、毛的著作。监狱里来了新犯人,每每叫党治国来一个节目——背诵《矛盾论》和《实践论》,一字不差。<br />
<br />
He seemed to make light of a matter that has nothing to do with himself. Maybe he had encountered too many tragedies? Maybe they Hancheng people had a tradition of striving after being sentenced? Next to his desk was a painting of Sima Qian, a native of Hancheng, writing ''Records of the Grand Historian'' in prison. Dang read ''Das Kapital'' three times in prison, and naturally read the works of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin and Mao Zedong who can be imprisoned. When there were new prisoners, they asked Dang to perform every time—he recited ''On Contradiction'' and ''On Practice'' verbatim.<br />
<br />
读书之余便是写作。他这间板子加绳子的屋里,唯一可以进入80年代的,是他妹妹送他的一只红皮箱,箱里全是他写的经济学论文的手稿。在剪刀差、所有制等等的中间,扎眼地珍藏着一部精装本的《简・爱》。这是他第四次买《简・爱》了。抄走一本,再买一本。以他现在还欠债一千来元的经济条件,去买一本不知读过多少遍的小说锁于箱里,足见他对简・爱这个女主角的偏爱了。我不由得望望箱边堆着的脏衣服,那么,箱里的简・爱便是这屋的单身男子的妻了。<br />
<br />
Besides reading, Dang wrote something in his spare time. In his room with planks and ropes, the only thing that can enter the 1980s was a red suitcase given to him by his sister, which was full of manuscripts of his economics papers. In the middle of scissors difference, ownership and so on, a hardcover version of Jane Eyre was conspicuously treasured. This was the fourth time he has bought Jane Eyre. If one was confiscated, he would buy another one. With the economic condition that he was still in debt of about 1,000 yuan, he bought a novel that he had read many times and locked it in a box, which showed his preference for Jane Eyre, the heroine. I couldn't help looking at the dirty clothes piled up by the box, so Jane Eyre in the box was the wife of a single man in this room.<br />
<br />
没有一个个人问题是超越社会平均水平之上的。<br />
<br />
No individual problem is above the average level of society.<br />
<br />
他的个人命运和祖国的命运是完全一致的。<br />
<br />
His personal fate is completely consistent with that of his motherland.<br />
<br />
1957年以前国家是发展的,他个人是顺利的。1957年国家受损失,他个人受挫折。1962年国家开始恢复元气,他摘掉了“右派”帽子。1965年国家兴旺了,他参加了先进技术传播队,能力得到发挥了。十年浩劫,他十年监狱。现在他落实政策不那么顺利,因为国家头绪纷繁、问题严重。<br />
<br />
Before 1957, the country was developing, and everything went smoothly for him. In 1957, the country suffered losses and he suffered personal setbacks. In 1962, when the country began to recover, he took off the hat of "rightist". In 1965, when the country flourished, he joined the advanced technology communication team and brought his ability into full play. During ten years of Cultural Revolution, he spent ten years in prison. At present, his implementation of policies was not so smooth, because the country had too many things to attend to and had serious problems.<br />
<br />
“国家、社会解放的程度,就是我自己解放的程度。只有解放全人类才能解放自己,这对我不是一种思想,而是一种不可逃避的命运。”<br />
<br />
"The degree of national and social liberation is the degree of my own liberation. Only when all mankind are liberated, can I liberate myself. This is not an idea for me, but an inescapable fate."<br />
<br />
这就如同他说的,我们搞社会主义不是因为社会主义优越,而是因为这是一种规律。优越是指方案而言的——哪ー种方案优越。而规律无所谓优越不优越——必须遵循它,早晚得遵循它,不遵循也得遵循!<br />
<br />
As he said, we adopt socialism not because it is superior, but because it is a kind of law. Superiority refers to which scheme is superior. And for the law, it doesn't matter whether it is superior or not—it must be followed, sooner or later, and you have to follow it even if you don’t want to!<br />
<br />
党治国不能说已经获得了彻底的解放,如同我们的生产力也没有从不适合的所有制的束缚下完全解放出来。<br />
<br />
It cannot be said that Dang has been completely liberated, just as our productive forces have not been completely liberated under the shackles of unsuitable ownership.<br />
<br />
“我们固有的体制适合搞政治运动,不适合经济发展。”党治国简直成了一个理论狂人。一开口就是体制、所有制,再不就是说:“你对这个问题怎么看?”<br />
<br />
"Our inherent system is suitable for political movement and not for economic development." Dang Zhiguo has become a theory fanatic. When he spoke, he talked about system and ownership, or said: "What do you think of this problem?"<br />
<br />
党治国咄咄逼人地、愣头愣脑地要人回答这些他整日思考的而别人未必感兴趣的,他以为是最重要的而别人认为是八竿子打不着的,他醉心的而别人无心的, 他津津乐道的而别人无动于衷的问题。<br />
<br />
Aggressively and recklessly, Dang required people to answer some questions that he thought all day long but others may not be interested in, that he thought were the most important but others thought that they were none of their business, that he was obsessed with but others were careless, that he relished but others were indifferent.<br />
<br />
他慷慨陈词,满脸涨红。别人应付他:“唉唉,是呵是呵,啧啧!”再不就是把别人吓得怯怯的,一下子从大人变成了站起来回答老师问题的小学生,讷讷地:“我觉得么……”<br />
<br />
He presented his view vehemently and his face turned red. Others phoned it in: "Alas, yes, oh!" Or he would scare others, and others suddenly change from an adult to an inarticulate primary school student who stands up and answers the teacher's questions. "Well, I think..."<br />
<br />
他满脑门的政治和经济,满脑门的规律和所有制。但别人是凡人,需要了解一些趣闻,一些轶事,一些消息,一些共同感兴趣的现实问题,需要吃喝拉撒睡。<br />
<br />
His mind was full of politics and economy, law and ownership. But others are normal people, and they need to know some interesting stories, anecdotes, news and practical problems of common interest, and they need to eat, drink and sleep.<br />
<br />
而他似乎只需要吃着政治,睡在经济上。他要和他周围一切的人探讨政治经济。他会吸引一些人,也会吓走一些人。<br />
<br />
It seemed that he only needed to eat politics and sleep on economy. He wanted to discuss politics and economy with everyone around him. He would attract some people, but would also scare away some people.<br />
<br />
他的见地每每是独到的,但他过于急切地阐述他的观点,乃至近乎要强加于人。对于“经济”,他的发问更是近乎发难。<br />
<br />
His insights were often original, but he was so eager to expound his views that he almost imposed them on others. As for "economy", his question was almost blame.<br />
<br />
他和一般人不一样,他是有些不一般;他和正常人不一样,他可不是不正常。<br />
<br />
He was different from ordinary people, and he was somewhat unusual; He was different from normal people, but he is sane.<br />
<br />
他关心的正是大众的利益,但是大众未必接受他的关心。<br />
<br />
What he cared about was the interests of the public, but the public may not accept his concern.<br />
<br />
他希望大家都能透过现象关心本质,但是大家往往喜欢谈论现象,而无心顾及本质。谈论现象是一种情绪发泄的需要,顾及本质却需要苦苦地开动大脑。<br />
<br />
He hoped that everyone can care about the essence through the phenomenon, but people often like to talk about the phenomenon, and they don't care about the essence. Talking about phenomena is a need to vent emotions, but taking into account the essence requires thinking hard.<br />
<br />
他不是那种可以用计算机程序计算出来的人。他欠稳妥,欠含蓄,但他“虽有小偏,终有大成”。任何社会变革首先要找到实现变革的社会力量。要打土豪分田地找到了贫农,要打倒老革命找到了红卫兵。今天的改革如小平同志所说是第二次革命,我们需要透辟的经济理论家。<br />
<br />
He is not the kind of person who can be calculated by computer program. He is not that reliable and subtle, but he "will have a big success although he has small shortcomings". Any social change must first find the social forces to realize the change. To fight against landlords, divide fields, we found poor farmers. To defeat the old revolution, we found Red Guards. Today's reform, as Comrade Xiaoping said, is the second revolution, and we need economic theorists with insights.<br />
<br />
我找到了党治国。不过不是我找他,是他先写信给我,打动了我。我采访受苦受难的人的时候,容易掉泪。但不知为什么,采访这个经济状况一团糟的经济理论家的时候,我一滴泪都没有。是他不需要别人同情,还是和他在一起的人都会变得只剩下粗线条了?<br />
<br />
I found Dang Zhiguo. But I didn't look for him, but he wrote to me first and touched me. When I interview people in difficulty, I tend to cry. But somehow, when I interviewed this economic theorist who was in a bad economic situation, I didn't shed a tear. Is it because he doesn't need sympathy from others, or will people who are with him not pay attention to trifles?<br />
<br />
“我不是一个受苦受难的科技人员!不是要人同情的人!”他冲着我大喊,“我是个好汉!是个男子汉!是有思想的!尤其有经济思想!”<br />
<br />
"I am not a scientific and technical personnel in difficulty! I am not a person who needs sympathy!" He shouted at me, "I am a hero! I am a man! I am thoughtful! I especially have economic thinking!"<br />
<br />
思想使党治国永远处于躁动不安的状态中,有时他为了理想忘却了现实,有时现实又催促他去追求理想。前不久他又写完一篇专门探讨所有制的论文:《社会主义所有制关系的发展》。文章观点大胆、新颖、独到。他提出的观点未必就尽善尽美、无懈可击,但是,即使其中包含一些真理的萌芽或片面的真理,也可以活跃我们的思维。“双百”方针实施三十多年了,一个宽松的、发展人们思维成果的环境正在形成。党治国的经济理论的产生和他这个理论狂人的出现,不是偶然的。人为的呼唤和扼杀,不过加速或延缓产生的时间。<br />
<br />
Thought makes Dang in a restless state forever. Sometimes he forgets reality for his ideal, and sometimes reality urges him to pursue his ideal. Not long ago, he finished a paper focusing on ownership: "The Development of Socialist Ownership Relations". The viewpoint of the article is bold, novel and original. His views may not be perfect and impeccable, but even if it contains the beginning of truths or one-sided truths, it can still activate our thinking. The Hundred Flowers Campaign had been implemented for more than 30 years, so a relaxing environment for developing people's thinking achievements was taking shape. The emergence of Dang’s economic theories and him as a theoretical madman are not accidental. Calling and strangling by human beings only speed up or delay the emergence time.<br />
<br />
能不能搞一个共产主义特区?他想。在强大的习惯势力面前,不能都搞先破后立,需要先立后破。只有实践自己的经济理论,把理论立起来,形成强烈对比,才可以春风至而冰雪消。<br />
<br />
Can we set up a communist special zone? He thought. In the face of strong habits, we can't break all fixed modes first and create new ones, but we need to do the opposite. Only by practicing our own economic theory to form a strong contrast can the spring breeze come and the ice and snow disappear.<br />
<br />
他是不是还带有空想的色彩?那么,马克思同志,请允许我提一个问题,您看20世纪80年代中国的改革怎么搞?<br />
<br />
Does he still have the color of fantasy? Then, Comrade Marx, please allow me to ask a question. What do you think of China's reform in 1980s?<br />
<br />
马克思会说,提出这个问题的本身就是错误的。<br />
<br />
Marx would say that it is wrong to ask this question.<br />
<br />
中国的经济体制改革,要靠中国人自己来探索。改革催促着经济理论的发展, 呼唤着经济理论家。<br />
<br />
China's economic system reform depends on the Chinese themselves to explore. Reform urges the development of economic theories and calls for economic theorists.<br />
<br />
终于,《文汇报》上出现了一个醒目的标题:《我们能否贡献一个伟大的经济学家》?文中写道,这个问题对于当代中国“比‘我们能否贡献一个爱因斯坦’或‘能否贡献一个伟大的哲学家和文学家’更为紧迫”。文章又写道:“中国经济体制全面改革的浪潮当是产生伟大经济学家的时代和国度。恰当的时间和地点正呼唤恰当的人。”<br />
<br />
Finally, a striking headline appeared in Wenhui Daily: "Can we contribute a great economist"? The article said that this problem was "more urgent for contemporary China than 'Can we contribute an Einstein' or 'Can we contribute a great philosopher and writer'?" The article added: "The wave of comprehensive reform of China's economic system should be the era and country that produced great economists. The right time and place are calling for the right people."<br />
<br />
“伊索寓言”中有一个说大话的人,吹嘘自己曾经在罗陀斯岛跳得很远。马克思在《路易・波拿巴的五月十八日》一文中引用了这个故事,他说生活本身会大声喊道:(原作名为雾月十八日，而非五月)<br />
<br />
In ''Aesop's Fables'', there was a person blowing his own horn said that he once jumped far on Rhodus Island. Marx quoted this story in the article ''The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte''. He said that life itself would shout:<br />
<br />
这里就是罗陀斯,就在这里跳跃吧！<br />
<br />
Hic Rhodus, hic salta! <br />
<br />
这里就有玫瑰花,就在这里跳舞吧！<br />
<br />
Here is the rose, here dance! <br />
<br />
（原载《人民文学》1986年第7期）<br />
<br />
(Originally published in People's Literature, Issue 7, 1986)</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_02&diff=155931Report CN EN 022023-06-16T16:08:03Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：4.船长 Volume1: 4.Master */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Liao Lujia=<br />
==卷一：4.船长 Volume1: 4.Master==<br />
<br />
Master,直译是船长或主人。那么,对他,贝汉廷,怎样译更确切呢?<br />
<br />
Master is literally translated as 船长 or 主人. However, how can we translate it more accurately for him, Bei Hanting?<br />
<br />
Master is literally translated as 船长 or 主人. However, how can we translate it more accurately for him, Bei Hanting?<br />
<br />
我站在“汉川号”的驾驶台甲板上凭栏远眺,深深地思索着。海风迎面扑来, 新鲜而又湿润。远处,是神秘莫测的大海;近处,海鸥在我的脚下飞翔……<br />
<br />
I stand on the bridge deck of the Hanchuan and look out from the fence, thinking deeply. The sea breeze comes head-on, fresh and moist. In the distance, it is the mysterious sea; nearby, seagulls fly under my feet...<br />
<br />
I stand on the navigation deck of the Hanchuan and look out from the fence, thinking deeply. The sea breeze comes head-on, fresh and moist. In the distance, it is the mysterious sea; nearby, seagulls fly under my feet...<br />
<br />
刚才,在和海员们的谈话中,有什么搅动了我的心,为了掩饰我的泪水,我才离开船舱。但现在,在这蓝天与大海之间,我仍然不能平静,思绪的波涛追逐着海水,去得很远很远……（I change 冈才 with 刚才）<br />
<br />
Just now, in the conversation with the seafarers, something stirred my heart. I leave the cabin in order to hide my tears. But now, between the blue sky and the sea, I still can't calm down. The waves of thoughts chase the sea and go far away…<br />
<br />
Just now, in the conversation with the seafarers, something stirred my heart. I leave the cabin in order to hide my tears. But now, between the blue sky and the sea, I still can't calm down. The waves of thoughts chase the sea and go far away…<br />
<br />
不知怎么,我ー下子离开主题,忽然想起二十多年前我给小读者写的一首诗, 告诉他们什么叫作海员。<br />
<br />
Somehow, I digress from the subject and suddenly remember a poem I wrote to young readers more than 20 years ago, telling them what a seaman was.<br />
<br />
Somehow, I digress from the subject and suddenly remember a poem I wrote to young readers more than 20 years ago, telling them what a seaman was.<br />
<br />
我不禁噙泪而笑了。那时我是那样年轻,在生活的海洋里几乎未经沉浮,我懂得海员吗?那时的小读者今天应该也是三十多岁的人了,他们怕也有自己的孩子了。经历过十多年的狂飙巨浪,他们还像儿时那样天真地向往海洋吗?天真,也许 是消失了,但向往——还应该向往。那么,就让我再给他们讲一个海员的故事吧!（I change 嚙 with 噙）<br />
<br />
I couldn't help laughing with tears. At that time, I was so young and hardly experienced ups and downs in the ocean of life. Did I know seafarers? The young readers at that time should be in their thirties today, and I guess they have had their own children. After experiencing more than ten years of surging waves, do they still yearn for the ocean as naively as they did when they were children? Innocence may have disappeared, but yearning should still exist. Then, let me tell them another story about a seaman!<br />
<br />
I couldn't help laughing with tears. At that time, I was so young and hardly experienced ups and downs in the ocean of life. Did I know seafarers? The young readers at that time should be in their thirties today, and they may have their own children. After experiencing more than ten years of surging waves, do they still yearn for the ocean as naively as they did when they were children? Innocence may have disappeared, but yearning should still exist. Then, let me tell them another story about a seaman!<br />
<br />
讲ー个海员,ー个水手,ー个船长,ー个master的真实的故事吧……<br />
<br />
I will tell a true story of a seaman, a sailor, a captain and a master...<br />
<br />
I will tell a true story of a seaman, a sailor, a captain and a master...<br />
<br />
汉堡港的变奏<br />
<br />
Variations on the Port of Hamburg<br />
<br />
Variations on the Port of Hamburg<br />
<br />
汉堡港是美丽的。岸上,一幢幢红色和黄色的建筑物;港口,碧蓝的海水翻卷着银白的浪花……<br />
<br />
Port of Hamburg was beautiful. On the shore, red and yellow buildings could be seen. In the port, the turquoise sea water rolled over the white waves...<br />
<br />
The Port of Hamburg was beautiful. On the shore, there were red and yellow buildings. In the port, the turquoise sea water rolled over the white waves...<br />
<br />
汉堡港是忙碌的。每天来来往往,穿梭着各国的船舶,码头上吊杆起落……但工人的脚步是稳重的,德国人原是出名的有秩序。ー百多年来,汉堡港早就形成了 自己的节奏ーー有条不紊,按部就班,寓丰富于单纯,多变化而又精密……就像成熟的乐队演奏熟悉的乐曲。<br />
<br />
The Port of Hamburg was busy. In it were ships shuttling from all over the world, and the suspenders on the docks rising and falling... But the workers' footsteps are steady, because the Germans were famous for their order. For more than 100 years, Port of Hamburg has formed its own rhythm in an orderly manner, which was content-rich but simple, varied but precise… Just like a mature band playing familiar music.<br />
<br />
The Port of Hamburg was busy. Ships shuttled from here to other countries, and the suspenders on the docks rose and fell... But the workers' footsteps were steady, because the Germans were famous for their order. For more than 100 years, the Port of Hamburg had formed its own rhythm in an orderly manner, which was content-rich but simple, varied but precise… Just like a mature band playing familiar music.<br />
<br />
但,有一次,汉堡港竟改变了它正常的节奏:港口、码头、装卸公司、服务公司频 繁来往,电话不断;货主、代理、大小工头、理货组长和工人们都激动不已,甚至连正 好停泊在港口、有尊严而又自信的十几个老船长也打破常规,开了一条小艇,集体下海去了。<br />
<br />
However, on one occasion, Port of Hamburg changed its normal rhythm: ports, docks, loading and unloading companies and service companies frequently came and went, and telephone calls continued; shippers, agents, foremen, chief tallymen and workmen were so excited that even a dozen dignified and confident old masters, who happened to moor their ships in the port, broke the routine and sailed a small boat and went to the sea.<br />
<br />
However, on one occasion, the Port of Hamburg changed its normal rhythm: ports, docks, loading and unloading companies and service companies frequently came and went, and the telephone call was ceaseless; shippers, agents, foremen, chief tallymen and workmen were so excited and even a dozen dignified and confident old masters, who happened to moor their ships in the port, broke the routine and sailed a small boat and went to the sea.<br />
<br />
是什么引起了这骚动呢?台风吗?惊涛骇浪吗?都不是。一百多年的港口了,任何风浪都改变不了它的节奏。<br />
<br />
What caused the commotion? Typhoon? The stormy waves? Neither. A port with more than 100-year history was not susceptible to any wind or waves.<br />
<br />
What caused the commotion? Typhoon? Stormy waves? Neither. A port with more than 100-year history was not susceptible to any wind or waves.<br />
<br />
使得汉堡港变奏的,说也奇怪,是一条船,就是中国远洋公司上海分公司的这艘远洋货轮——“汉川号”。<br />
<br />
What made it change, strange to say, was a ship. That was the ocean-going freighter Hanchuan belonging to Shanghai Branch of China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company.<br />
<br />
What made it change, strange to say, was a ship. That was the ocean-going freighter "Hanchuan" belonging to Shanghai Branch of China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company.<br />
<br />
码头上人头攒动,指指点点,“汉川”“汉川”之声不绝。有的人还特地带了老婆孩子来参观,说是让他们见见世面。明媚的阳光,彩色的裙衫,童声稚气的欢笑, 一下子使得汉堡港这支一百多年的古曲,焕发出青春的明丽,奏出了奇异而动人的旋律。<br />
<br />
The dock was jam-packed with people, who were pointing and shouting "Hanchuan" endlessly. Some people even brought their wives and children to see the elephant. Bright sunshine, colorful skirts and childish laughter suddenly made Port of Hamburg, an ancient song for more than 100 years, glow with youthful beauty and play a bizarre and moving melody.<br />
<br />
The dock was jam-packed with people, who were pointing and shouting "Hanchuan" endlessly. Some people even brought their wives and children to see the elephant. Bright sunshine, colorful skirts and childish laughter suddenly made the Port of Hamburg, an ancient song with the history of more than a hundred years, glow with youthful beauty and play a bizarre and moving melody.<br />
<br />
这是1978年4月的一个星期天。<br />
<br />
It was a Sunday in April 1978.<br />
<br />
It was a Sunday in April 1978.<br />
<br />
故事却要从3月说起……<br />
<br />
But the story begins in March...<br />
<br />
But the story began in March...<br />
<br />
3月21日,“汉川号”在驶欧途中接到公司电报,返航时在汉堡港装运天津化纤厂成套设备,国内急用!<br />
<br />
On March 21st, the Hanchuan received a telegram from its company on its way to Europe, and it was asked to ship complete sets of equipment for Tianjin Chemical Fiber Factory in Port of Hamburg when returning home, because it was urgently needed in China!<br />
<br />
On March 21st, the Hanchuan received a telegram from its company on its way to Europe, and it was asked to ship a complete set of equipment for Tianjin Chemical Fiber Factory in the Port of Hamburg when it returned, because the equipment was urgently needed in China!<br />
<br />
但抵港之后,港口却给安排了一些杂货。原来代理认为中国船根本运不了这套设备,因为这套设备极不规则,很多都是超长、超高、超重件,且又贵重,其中任何 ー个部件有任何一点损坏或漏运,都会误工误时,造成严重损失。何况按照惯例, 港口从来都把贵重的成套设备交给他们认为工效最高的德国船运。当然,这些话并未直说,说的是:“这套设备任何一条船也装不下,‘汉川号’尽可以运别的货嘛。”<br />
<br />
But after arriving in the port, they were arranged some groceries. Originally, the agent thought that Chinese ships could not transport this set of equipment at all, because it was extremely irregular, and many of them were super-long, super-high, overweight and expensive. Any damage or missed shipment of any parts would cause serious losses. Besides, by convention, ports always hand over valuable complete sets of equipment to German ships that they think are the most efficient. Of course, agents did not say that directly, but said: "This set of equipment can't be put in any ship. Why doesn’t Hanchuan transport other goods?"<br />
<br />
But after arriving at the port, it was arranged some groceries. It turned out that the agent thought that the Chinese ship could not transport this set of equipment at all, because it was extremely irregular, and many of them were super-long, super-high, overweight and expensive. Any damage or missed shipment of any parts would delay the work and waste time, causing serious losses. Besides, by convention, ports always hand over valuable complete sets of equipment to German ships they think are the most efficient. Of course, the agent did not say that directly, but said: "Any ship is too small to hold this set of equipment. The Hanchuan can transport other goods."<br />
<br />
但是,以贝汉廷为首的“汉川号”还认准了非装这批货不可!理由嘛:一是国内急需;二是成套设备运输费高;三是你外国人能做的,我们中国人就也能做,凭什么小看人！当然,这话也没直说,说的是：“谢谢你们的好意,但是我们可以一船装走。我们行!”<br />
<br />
However, the Hanchuan headed by Bei Hanting held that this batch of goods must be loaded! Reasons are as follows: First, it is urgently needed in China; Second, the transportation cost of complete sets of equipment is high; Third, what you foreigners can do, we Chinese can also do, so why underestimate people! Of course, these words were not spitted out. They were: Thank you for your kindness, but we can load it in one boat. We can do it!"<br />
<br />
However, the Hanchuan headed by Bei Hanting insisted that it must load this batch of goods! Reasons were as follows: First, it is urgently needed in China; Second, the transportation cost of a complete set of equipment is high; Third, what you foreigners can do, we Chinese can also do, so why underestimate us! Of course, these words were not spitted out. They said: "Thank you for your kindness, but we can load it in one ship. We can do it!"<br />
<br />
行不行,这可不像国内搞大批判、揪“走资派”那么容易。只要戴上袖章,抢过话筒,哇里哇啦喊一通,谁帽子大、上纲高,谁就胜利。这可是国际港口,面对的都是专家,ー张嘴就知道你有多少斤两,空话、大话引来的只有讪笑。何况这是航海, 是科学,大海可不是被剥夺了一切权利的“走资派”,大海是要发言的,稍有一点儿 不实事求是,不科学,它就要惩罚你！就会让你船覆货沉,葬身鱼腹。因此,这个“行”字可是一字千金,开不得半点儿玩笑！<br />
<br />
It was not as easy as criticizing others massively and finding capitalist roaders in China. As long as you put on your armband, grab the microphone, shout loudly, have great power and regard the problem as class conflicts, you will win. However, this was an international port, and all of them faced experts. They would know your ability when you said something. Empty talk and big talk only attracted laughter. Besides, this was about navigation and science. The sea was not a capitalist roader deprived of all rights. The sea wanted to speak. If you didn’t think of the real situation and science, it will punish you! It will make your ship sink and the goods fall in the belly of a fish. Therefore, the sentence "We can do it" was full of pearls of wisdom, which couldn’t be a joke!<br />
<br />
It was not as easy as criticizing others massively and uncovering capitalist roaders in China. As long as you put on your armband, grab the microphone, shout loudly, have great power and regard the problems as class conflicts, you will win. However, this was an international port, and what they faced were all experts. They would know your ability when you said something. Empty talk and big talk only attracted laughter. Besides, this was about navigation and science. The sea was not a capitalist roader deprived of all rights. The sea would speak. If you didn’t think of the real situation and science, it would punish you! It would make your ship sink and the goods fall into the belly of fish. Therefore, the sentence "We can do it" was full of pearls of wisdom, and there was no joking about it!<br />
<br />
贝汉廷是有名的老船长了,他坚持说“行”,外国人也不得不掂量掂量,于是ー 伸手说:“拿来！”“什么？”“配载图。”贝汉廷微笑着摊开了图纸。行家搭眼一看就愣住了,不由得脱口说了一个“好”！<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was a famous old master. He insisted on saying "yes", and foreigners had to ponder it, so they reached out and said, "Give me!", "What?" "Cargo plan." Bei Hanting smiled and spread out the drawing. The experts were stunned when they looked at it, and couldn't help blurting out "good"!<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was a famous old master. He insisted on saying "can", and foreigners had to ponder it, so they reached out and said, "Give me!" "What?" "Cargo plan." Bei Hanting spread out the drawing with a smile. The experts were stunned when they looked at it, and couldn't help blurting out "good"!<br />
<br />
这是一幅何等详尽的配载图啊!图上布满了密密麻麻的图形和数字,成千上万个部件,不仅各有各的装载部位,而且件件有尺码,有重量,有体积,件件有标号。<br />
<br />
What a detailed cargo plan this was! The drawing was full of figures and numbers, and thousands of parts. It not only had their own loading parts, but also had sizes, weights, volumes and labels.<br />
<br />
What a detailed cargo plan it was! The drawing was full of figures and numbers. Thousands of parts not only had their own loading positions, but also all had sizes, weights, volumes and labels.<br />
<br />
可怎么有几件甲板货高出了船舱,伸出了船舷?这可是不安全的吧?……<br />
<br />
But how can several deck cargo be higher than the cabin and extend out of the port and starboard? This was not safe, was it?<br />
<br />
But how can several deck cargos be higher than the cabin and extend out of the ship's rail? It was not safe, was it? ...<br />
<br />
谁知贝汉廷笑嘻嘻地说出了到达、离港及航行中最佳、最差稳心的全部计算数据,同时还分析了4月的沿途气候:英吉利海峡怎样,直布罗陀海峡如何;比斯开湾及北大西洋的冬季风暴已过,地中海也如此;印度洋虽长期平均六七级风,但此刻 西南季风盛行的季节还未开始……沿途均属无风暴间隙,正是一年里航海的黄金季节。当然,也可能出现最坏情况,那就是印度洋阿拉伯海南部东经60度以东提前开始西南季风,可能出现八九级大风,那也没关系,我们可以采取改变航向、变更 航速、减轻正面迎风及开慢车等ー系列技术措施嘛!<br />
<br />
It was surprised that Bei Hanting smiled and said all the calculation data of the best and worst metacenter in arrival, departure and navigation, and also analyzed the climate along the way in April: what is the English Channel and the Strait of Gibraltar; Winter storms have passed in the Bay of Biscay and the North Atlantic, as have the Mediterranean; Although the Indian Ocean has a long-term average of strong breeze and near gale, the season when the southwest monsoon prevails has not yet started... There is no storm gap along the way, which is the golden season of sailing in a year. Of course, the worst case may occur, that is, the southwest monsoon starts ahead of schedule to the east of 60 degrees east longitude in the southern Arabian Sea of the Indian Ocean, and there may be fresh gale or strong gale. It doesn't matter. We can take a series of technical measures such as changing course and speed, reducing frontal windward and sailing slowly!<br />
<br />
It was surprised that Bei Hanting smiled and said all the calculation data of the best and worst metacenter in arrival, departure and navigation, and also analyzed the climate along the route in April: how is the English Channel and the Strait of Gibraltar; Winter storms have passed in the Bay of Biscay and the North Atlantic, as has the Mediterranean; Although the Indian Ocean has a long-term average of strong breeze or near gale, the season when the southwest monsoon prevails has not yet started... There is no storm gap along the route, which is the golden season of sailing in a year. Of course, the worst case may occur, that was, the southwest monsoon starts ahead of schedule to the east of 60 degrees east longitude in the southern Arabian Sea of the Indian Ocean, and there may be fresh gale or strong gale. It doesn't matter. We can take a series of technical measures such as changing course and speed, reducing frontal windward and sailing slowly!<br />
<br />
好一个贝汉廷!这哪里是什么配载图及其注释,简直是一份科学报告!德国 人不由得伸出手拍着贝汉廷的肩说:“祝贺你有个好大副。”贝汉廷彬彬有礼地躬 了一下身说:“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
What a knowledgeable man! This was not a cargo plan and its annotations, but a scientific report! The German couldn't help reaching out and patting Bei Hanting on the shoulder and saying, "Congratulations on having a good chief officer." Bei Hanting bowed politely and said, "Thank you."<br />
<br />
What a knowledgeable man! This was not a cargo plan and its annotations, but a scientific report! The German couldn't help reaching out and patting Bei Hanting on the shoulder and saying, "Congratulations on having a good chief officer." Bei Hanting bowed politely and said, "Thank you."<br />
<br />
德国人哪里想得到,这张配载图早已超出了大副的业务范围,它是船长、政委、大副和所有技术力量27个不眠之夜的结晶。是他们,利用卸货期每天拿着尺子跑 码头,将货物一件件量了过来,并根据船舱甲板所有部位的不同形状、结构及负荷, 经过反复的核算和排列,求出了这种最合理的配载方案。<br />
<br />
The Germans can’t figure out that this cargo plan has long been beyond the business scope of the chief officer. It is the fruit of 27 sleepless nights of master, the secretary of the commissar, chief officer and all technical forces. It was they who ran to the dock with a ruler every day during the unloading period, measured the goods one by one, and worked out the most reasonable stowage scheme after repeated accounting and arrangement according to the different shapes, structures and loads of all parts of the cabin deck.<br />
<br />
The Germans couldn't figure out that this cargo plan had long been beyond the business scope of the chief officer. It was the fruit of 27 sleepless nights of the master, the secretary of the commissar, the chief officer and all technical forces. It was they who ran to the dock with a ruler every day during the unloading period, measured the goods one by one, and worked out the most reasonable stowage scheme after they repeated accounting and arrangement according to the different shapes, structures and loads of all parts of the cabin deck.<br />
<br />
那些日子里,全船像要参加国际棋赛ー样,把货舱、甲板的布置图纸（1：100）贴在木板上,把货物按比例缩小做成硬纸模型,反复组合,这盘特殊的“棋”足足对弈了几百次…… <br />
<br />
In those days, workers in the whole ship seemed to participate in the international chess game. They pasted the layout drawings of the cargo hold and deck (1: 100) on the wooden board, and the cargo was scaled down to make a cardboard model, which was repeatedly combined. This special chess was played hundreds of times...<br />
<br />
In those days, workers on the whole ship seemed to participate in the international chess game. They pasted the layout drawings of the hold and deck (1: 100) on the wooden board, and the cargos were scaled down to a cardboard model, which was repeatedly combined. This special chess was played hundreds of times...<br />
<br />
代理不知道,但他被科学说服了,于是开始装货。<br />
<br />
The agent didn't know, but he was persuaded by science, so he started loading up.<br />
<br />
The agent didn't know it, but he was persuaded by the science, so he started loading up.<br />
<br />
一号工头吉亚特是个有几十年工龄的行家里手,两撇小胡子,矮小而精明,极有本事又看不起中国人。“汉川号”的大副根本指挥不动他。<br />
<br />
Gyatt, a lead foreman, was an expert with decades of length of service. He was short and shrewd, with a moustache on his face, and despised Chinese people. The chief officer of Hanchuan couldn't command him at all.<br />
<br />
Gyatt, a lead foreman, was an expert with decades of length of service. He was short and shrewd, with a moustache on his face, and was very capable but despised Chinese people. The chief officer of "Hanchuan" couldn't command him at all.<br />
<br />
在装第三舱时,吉亚特自作主张将其中两个大件不按配载图装。贝汉廷接到 报告后匆匆赶到现场与他理论时,エ头满不在乎地拍着胸脯说:“我有把握!”<br />
<br />
When loading the third cabin, Gyatt took the initiative to load two large pieces without following the cargo plan. When Bei Hanting hurried to the scene to argue with him after receiving the report, he patted his chest carelessly and said, "I am sure!"<br />
<br />
When loading the third cabin, Gyatt took the initiative to load two large pieces without following the cargo plan. When Bei Hanting hurried to the scene to argue with him after receiving the report, the foreman patted his chest carelessly and said, "I am sure!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷再三劝阻他:“这样你会被动的。”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting repeatedly dissuaded him: "Then you will be in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting repeatedly dissuaded him: "Then you will be in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
吉亚特翘着小胡子说:“我从来没有被动过。”<br />
<br />
Gyatt said with his moustache cocking, "I have never been in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
Gyatt said with his moustache cocking, "I have never been in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
“如果最后装不下,由你重装,误エ误期一切损失由你负责。”<br />
<br />
"If it can't be installed in the end, you will reload them, and you will be responsible for all the losses caused by the delay."<br />
<br />
"If it can't be put in the ship in the end, you will reload them, and you will be responsible for all the losses caused by the delay."<br />
<br />
“那是自然。”吉亚特说。<br />
<br />
"Of course." Gyatt said.<br />
<br />
"Of course." Gyatt said.<br />
<br />
一天过去了,两天过去了,第三天吉亚特满头大汗地来找贝汉廷:果然,ー个 16米的大件放不下去了,硬放下去也关不上舱盖,而不关舱盖是不能启航的,何况舱盖上早已计划好了配载别的货物呢！贝汉廷早已有话在先,这一下,骄傲的工头可卡了壳啦!支部动员了全船的技术力量,重新修正部分配载,在中德两国工人的 共同努力下,最后把一个大件的包装木箱锯掉了一个角,用四个铲车斜着铲了进去,稳稳当当地盖上了舱盖。在场的工人都拍手称好,大叫“精彩”。小胡子吉亚特摊开双手,耸了耸肩说：“太奇妙了 !这些货简直是按你们船舱的尺码定做的!”从此他客气得不得了,工人装货尺寸稍有出入,他立即纠正说：“不,不,请按配载图!”<br />
<br />
One day passed. Two days passed. And on the third day, Gyatt, sweating profusely, came to Bei Hanting. Without doubt, a 16-meter-long piece could not be put down, and the hatch cover could not be closed if it was put down forcefully, and it was impossible to set sail without closing the hatch cover, not to mention that other goods had already been planned on the hatch cover! Bei Hanting had already said something first, so the proud foreman was in a dilemma! The branch mobilized the technical force of the whole ship and revised part of the stowage. With the joint efforts of Chinese and German workers, it finally sawed off a corner of a large packing wooden box, shoveled it in obliquely with four forklifts, and covered the hatch cover firmly. All the workers on the scene clapped their hands and shouted "wonderful". Moustache Gyatt spread out his hands, shrugged his shoulders and said, "It's fantastic! These goods are simply customized according to the size of your cabin!" From then on, he was extremely polite, and when the loading conducted by workers was different, he immediately corrected and said, "No, no, please load according to the cargo plan!"<br />
<br />
One day passed, two days passed, and on the third day, Gyatt, sweating profusely, came to Bei Hanting. Without doubt, a 16-meter-long piece could not be put down, and the hatch cover could not be closed if it was put down forcefully, and it was impossible to set sail without closing the hatch cover, not to mention that other goods had already been planned on the hatch cover! Bei Hanting had already said something first, so the proud foreman was in a dilemma! The branch mobilized the technical force of the whole ship and revised parts of the stowage. With the joint efforts of Chinese and German workers, a corner of a large packing wooden box was finally sawed off, shoveled in obliquely with four forklifts, and the hatch cover was firmly covered. All the workers on the scene clapped their hands and shouted "wonderful". Moustache Gyatt spread out his hands, shrugged his shoulders and said, "It's fantastic! These goods are simply customized according to the size of your cabin!" From then on, he was extremely polite, and when the loading conducted by workers was different, he immediately corrected and said, "No, no, please load according to the cargo plan!"<br />
<br />
货装妥了。代理等人纷纷上船祝贺,一致说：“像这样的货,我们德国有经验的 老水手也绑不好,何况贵船海员多是新手。这么娇贵的货,弄坏一件可不得了哇!这船货,你们公司发财了,光运费就200多万外汇。花几个绑扎费也值得。”<br />
<br />
After the goods had been loaded, agents and others boarded the ship to congratulate one after another, and unanimously said, "We experienced old sailors in Germany can't tie goods like this, not to mention that most sailors on your ship are novices. It's terrible to break one of such delicate goods! With this cargo, your company has made a fortune, and the freight alone is more than 2 million foreign exchanges. It is worthwhile to spend more binding fees."<br />
<br />
After the goods had been loaded, agents and others boarded the ship to congratulate one after another, and unanimously said, "Our experienced old sailors in Germany can't tie goods like this, not to mention that most sailors on your ship are novices. It's terrible to break one of such delicate goods! With this cargo, your company has made a fortune, and the freight alone is more than 2 million foreign exchanges. It is worthwhile to spend the binding fees."<br />
<br />
但是,“汉川号”仍然决定自己来绑扎:一是自己绑的货心中有数,便于途中检查;二是我国远洋事业在飞速发展,正好借此锤炼海员;三呢,绑扎费用要好几万马克,船员们舍不得。于是ー场绑扎大战开始了。<br />
<br />
However, workers in the Hanchuan still decided to bind themselves. First, the goods tied by themselves are familiar for them, which is convenient for inspection on the way; Second, China's ocean-going industry is developing rapidly, so it’s a good chance for seafarers; Third, the binding fees is tens of thousands DM, and the crew are short of cash. So a binding war began.<br />
<br />
However, workers in the "Hanchuan" still decided to bind themselves. First, the goods tied by themselves are familiar for them, which is convenient for inspection on the way; Second, China's ocean-going industry is developing rapidly, so it’s a good chance for seafarers; Third, the binding fees is tens of thousands DM, and the crew are short of cash. So a binding war began.<br />
<br />
有的同志背拉着50多米的钢丝绳爬上了6米高的圆锅炉;有的钻到货物下面仰身安装克莱姆;有的在装得满满的、侧身难行的货物间来回运送绑扎材料;有的用墨线一一记下货物位置,以便在风浪中随时检查有无移位……手勒肿了,不哼一声;人累瘦了,不肯休息;年轻的小泮磕掉了门牙也在所不惜。这一切的一切,都是为了在“四化”的储蓄罐里投下一枚枚外汇!<br />
<br />
Some workers climbed the 6-meter-high round boiler with more than 50 meters of wire rope on their backs; Some squeezed through the goods and installed Clem by laying upon their backs; Some transported binding materials back and forth between full goods that were difficult for people to walk sideways; Some used ink lines to write down the position of the goods so as to check whether there was displacement at any time in the wind and waves... Although their hands were swollen, they didn’t complain ; Although they lost weight because of tiredness, they refused to rest. Young Pan knocked out his front teeth for binding regardless of the cost. All this was to cast foreign exchanges in the piggy bank of the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
Some workers climbed the 6-meter-high round boiler with more than 50 meters of wire rope on their backs; Some squeezed through the goods and installed Clem by laying upon their backs; Some transported binding materials back and forth between full goods that were difficult for people to walk sideways; Some used ink lines to write down the position of the goods so as to check whether there was displacement at any time in the wind and waves... Although their hands were swollen, they didn’t complain; Although they lost weight because of tiredness, they refused to rest. Young Pan knocked out his front teeth for binding regardless of the cost. All of these were to cast foreign exchanges in the piggy bank of the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
绑扎前验货师曾再三威胁说:绑扎不合格绝不发证书。第一天,贝船长陪他检验一遭,共同找出了几处毛病,他摇了摇头,大不以为然。但是,从第二天起,他就再也找不出毛病了。第三天,他竟然未等绑扎完毕就开来了检货证明,并且声称他已不必再到船上来了,因为贝船长的要求比他更严格。他说:“这样的绑法在海上 船摇三四十度也不会出问题,我相信我的眼睛。”<br />
<br />
Before binding, the inspector repeatedly stressed that the certificate would never be issued if the binding was unqualified. On the first day, Master Bei accompanied him to inspect and found out several problems together. He shook his head and disagreed. However, from the next day, he couldn't find anything wrong. On the third day, he sent the inspection certificate before the binding was finished, and claimed that he didn't have to come to the ship again because Captain Bai was more strict. He said: "This binding method will not cause problems even when the ship tilts 30 or 40 degrees at sea. I believe my eyes."<br />
<br />
Before binding, the cargo surveyor repeatedly stressed that the certificate would never be issued if the binding was unqualified. On the first day, Master Bei accompanied him to inspect and found out several problems together. He shook his head and disagreed. However, the next day, he couldn't find anything wrong. On the third day, he sent the inspection certificate before the binding was finished, and claimed that he didn't have to come to the ship again because Captain Bai was more strict. He said: "This binding method will not cause problems even when the ship tilts 30 or 40 degrees on the sea. I believe my eyes."<br />
<br />
“汉川号”就是这样引起了汉堡港的变奏,为我国的海员,为我们的祖国争得了荣誉。<br />
<br />
This is how the Hanchuan caused the variation of the Port of Hamburg, and won honor for our seafarers and our motherland.<br />
<br />
This was how the "Hanchuan" caused the variations of the Port of Hamburg, and won the honor for our seafarers and our motherland.<br />
<br />
于是就来到了 4月的那个明媚的星期天。在妇女和孩子的欢呼声中,那个交通小艇坐得满满的,绕着“汉川号”转,为的是让行家的眼睛记下“汉川号”甲板配 载的各个角度。他们不断地发出赞叹之声,好像着迷的观众围在舞台四周对心爱的艺术家喝彩一样。<br />
<br />
So it came to the bright Sunday in April. Amid the cheers of women and children, the traffic boat was full and turned around the Hanchuan, so that the experts could remember the various angles of the deck stowage of the Hanchuan. They kept making sounds of admiration, as if fascinated audience gathered around the stage to cheer for their beloved artists.<br />
<br />
So it came to the bright Sunday in April. Amid the cheers of women and children, the traffic boat was full and turned around the Hanchuan, so that the experts could remember the various angles of the deck stowage of the Hanchuan. They kept making sounds of admiration, as if fascinated audience gathered around the stage to cheer for their beloved artists.<br />
<br />
而引起如此轰动的“汉川号”船长贝汉廷不但没有频频谢幕,反而连面也没露,他满头大汗地躲在船舱里和政委、大副们ー起商量怎样婉谢一定要上船拍照的报社和电视台的记者。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, the master of the Hanchuan, who caused such a sensation, not only did not show his gratitude frequently, but did not even appear. He hid in the cabin sweating profusely and discussed with the secretary of the commissars and chief officer how to decline the reporters of newspapers and TV stations who must take pictures on board.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, the master of the "Hanchuan", who caused such a sensation, not only did not show his gratitude frequently, but did not even appear. He hid in the cabin sweating profusely and discussed with the secretary of the commissars and chief officers how to decline the reporters of newspapers and TV stations who must take pictures on board.<br />
<br />
“今天想起来,是多么愚蠢啊!拒绝人家给我们免费宣传。”贝汉廷笑着对我说可那会儿,思想就是没解放嘛!当然,后来在我们离港时,他们还是从雷达站上进行了拍照,而且登在报上说:‘这是汉堡港ー百多年没有过的……’”<br />
<br />
"How stupid it is to think of it today! Refuse them to promote us for free." Bei Hanting said to me with a smile, “but at that time, we don’t emancipate the mind! When we left the port later, however, they took photos from the radar station and published them in the newspaper, saying, ‘This is not seen in the Port of Hamburg for more than 100 years...' "<br />
<br />
"How stupid it was to think of it today! Refused them to promote us for free." Bei Hanting said to me with a smile, “but at that time, we didn’t emancipate the mind! When we left the port later, they still took photos from the radar station and published them in the newspaper, saying, ‘This is not seen in the Port of Hamburg for more than 100 years...' "<br />
<br />
他挥挥手,不肯说那些赞美之词,怎么也不肯。<br />
<br />
He waved his hand and refused to say those compliments, not at all.<br />
<br />
He waved his hand and refused to say those compliments, not at all.<br />
<br />
从南市来的孩子<br />
<br />
Children from Nanshi District<br />
<br />
Children from Nanshi District<br />
<br />
人们说:搞远洋航行的人,应该像大海一样渊博,应该既是航海家,又是科学家,还是艺术家……<br />
<br />
People say that those who sail in the ocean should be as knowledgeable as the sea, and should be navigators, scientists and artists...<br />
<br />
People say that those who sail in the ocean should be as knowledgeable as the sea, and should be navigators, scientists and artists...<br />
<br />
在没有见到贝汉廷时,我曾猜测过他的相貌。见了面之后,我觉得他——也像,也不像。像,他确实有点科学家的味道,讲起话来有根有据,像计算机一样精确,又像水银一样灵敏。不像嘛,那么小小的个子,穿着一件破衬衫、一条短裤（据说要一直穿到下雪）,待人彬彬有礼,哪里像个威严的船长呢!<br />
<br />
Before I saw Bei Hanting, I guessed his appearance. After meeting him, I think he is like a scientist, and is not like a scientist. For the former one, he does have the temperament of a scientist. His words hold water and are as accurate as a computer and as sensitive as mercury. For the latter one, he is such a small man, wearing a broken shirt and shorts (which are said to be worn until it snows), and is polite to others, which has no relationship with a master living in dignity!<br />
<br />
Before I saw Bei Hanting, I guessed his appearance. After meeting him, I think he is like a scientist, and is not like a scientist. For the former one, he does have the temperament of the scientist. His words hold water and are as accurate as a computer and as sensitive as mercury. For the latter one, he is such a small man, wearing a broken shirt and shorts (which are said to be worn until it snows), and is polite to others, which has no relationship with a master living in dignity!<br />
<br />
我知道他受过很好的教育,是老交通大学航海系的学生,是我们最早的几艘远洋轮的船长之一,有很丰富的航海知识,能说很流利的英语,但他是怎样,又是为什么走向大海的呢?<br />
<br />
I know that he is highly educated, and a student of the navigation department of the old Shanghai Jiao Tong University, as he is one of the captains of our earliest ocean-going ships. He has rich navigation knowledge and can speak fluent English. But how and why did he go to the sea?<br />
<br />
I know that he is highly educated, a student of the navigation department of the old Shanghai Jiao Tong University, as he was one of the captains of our earliest ocean-going ships. He has rich navigation knowledge and can speak fluent English. But how and why did he go to the sea?<br />
<br />
“我生在上海,从小在南市长大。南市,晓得吗?”<br />
<br />
"I was born in Shanghai and grew up in Nanshi. Do you know it?"<br />
<br />
"I was born in Shanghai and grew up in Nanshi. Do you know Nanshi?"<br />
<br />
南市吗?晓得的。那是共和国成立前上海比较贫困的商业区。小商小贩很多,文化比较落后……随着他的叙述,我想起了那里泥泞的街道,狭窄的店铺,流里流气的白相人,还有衣衫褴褛、面有菜色的黄包车夫和苦力……<br />
<br />
Nanshi? I know. It was a poor business district in Shanghai before the founding of the People’s Republic of China. There were many small business hawkers, and the culture was relatively backward... With his narration, I think of muddy streets, narrow shops, frivolous white people, peaky rickshaw drivers and coolies with rags...<br />
<br />
Nanshi? I know. It was a poor business district in Shanghai before the founding of the People’s Republic of China. There were many small business hawkers, and the culture was relatively backward... With his narration, I think of muddy streets, narrow shops, frivolous white people, peaky rickshaw drivers and coolies with rags...<br />
<br />
“我最小,哥哥姐姐都只上过ー两年小学。后来哥哥做工了,他拼命要让我上学,为这,母亲十分不愿意呢!小学毕业了,在南市就不得了啦,还要上中学!亲戚 朋友都没听说过。可是哥哥坚持,他后来在一个研究院工作,看见过科学家,他认定了科学和文化会给人光明。他一定要让我考中学,而且必须考有名的上海中学。”于是这个从南市来的瘦小而机灵的孩子就这样跨进了中学的大门。上海中学当时是大名鼎鼎的,来上学的多是书香门第和名流的子女。这些孩子学习基础好, 文化素养高。小贝汉廷是多么惊奇地看着有的同学大笔一挥就写出那样优美的作文,老师拿来就在全班朗读。他又是那样羡慕那些数学动不动就拿120分、年年考第一的同学。但是他,贝汉廷,惊奇而不泄气,羡慕而不妒忌。因为哥哥告诉他:身边老有需要追赶的人,就好像道路上老有遥远的路标。它永远召唤你,提醒你——人,是有潜力的,有使你自己都惊奇的潜力呢！于是,小贝汉廷ー步步地追赶着,后来简直是奔跑起来了。<br />
<br />
"I am the youngest, and my brother and sister have only attended primary school for one or two years. Later, my brother find a job, and he tried his best to let me go to school. For this, my mother was very reluctant! The graduation from a primary school is a big deal in Nanshi, and I will go to middle school! No relatives or friends have heard of it. But my brother insist that, because he later work in a research institute and saw scientists. He believe that science and culture would give people a bright future. He must let me take an examination of middle school, and the examination of famous middle schools in Shanghai." So this thin and clever child from Nanshi stepped into the gate of middle school. Shanghai Middle School was famous at that time, and most of the students who came to it were children of scholarly families and celebrities. These children have a good learning foundation and high cultural accomplishment. Little Bei Hanting was surprised to see some students write such beautiful compositions, and the teacher took them to read aloud in the whole class. He really admired those students who easily got 120 points in mathematics and got the first place in the exam every year. But he, Bei Hanting, was surprised but not discouraged, envious but not jealous. Because his brother told him: There are always people around who need to catch up, just like there are always distant road signs on the road. They will always call you and remind you that people have potential, and the potential will even surprise yourself! So he chased them step by step, and then he ran to catch up with them.<br />
<br />
"I am the youngest, and my brother and sister have only attended primary school for one or two years. Later, my brother found a job, and he tried his best to let me go to school. For this, my mother was very reluctant! The graduation from a primary school is a big deal in Nanshi, and I would go to middle school! No relatives or friends had heard of it. But my brother insisted that, because he later worked in a research institute and had saw scientists before. He believed that science and culture would give people a bright future. He must let me take an examination of middle school, and must take the examination of the famous middle schools in Shanghai." So this thin and clever child from Nanshi stepped into the gate of middle school. Shanghai Middle School was famous at that time, and most of the students who came to it were children of scholarly families and celebrities. These children had a good learning foundation and high cultural accomplishment. Little Bei Hanting was surprised to see some students write such beautiful compositions, and the teacher took them to read aloud to the whole class. He really admired those students who easily got 120 points in mathematics and got the first place in the exam every year. But he, Bei Hanting, was surprised but not discouraged, envious but not jealous. Because his brother told him: There are always people around who need to catch up, just like there are always distant road signs on the road. They will always call you and remind you that people have potential, and the potential will even surprise yourself! So he chased them step by step, and then he ran to catch up with them.<br />
<br />
到了高中,学校分理、工、商科了。妈妈多么希望自己的小儿子能去学商啊！上海中学的商科,各大写字间都抢着要呢。ー个从南市来的孩子能坐进任何一个写字间都是难以想象的幸福啊!因为那就意味着温饱解决了。<br />
<br />
In high school, there were science, engineering and business. How a mother wished her little son could study business! Students learning business in Shanghai Middle School were needed in many office buildings. It was unimaginable happiness for a child from Nanshi to sit in any office building! Because that meant he was free from the worries of food and clothing.<br />
<br />
In high school, there were science, engineering and business. His mother really wished the little son could study business! Students learning business in Shanghai Middle School were very needed in many office buildings. It was unimaginable happiness for a child from Nanshi to sit in any office building! Because that meant he was free from the worries of food and clothing.<br />
<br />
但小贝汉廷又一次违背了母亲的意愿,毅然地选择了理科。因为奔跑得越快, 视野就越开阔,知识给人以信心和力量。为什么飞机会飞、火车会跑?为什么瓦特要追求蒸汽机,哥伦布要寻找新大陆?为什么李斯特的《革命挽歌》那样悲怆,契诃夫的《海鸥》忧郁得那样令人窒息,而高尔基的《母亲》却又那样的有力?原来世界上除了老板和学徒、掠夺者和奴才之外还有一种人,这种人不断地追求光明,使人类摆脱愚昧,为生活插上彩色的翅膀,给历史创造奇迹……<br />
<br />
But Little Bei Hanting once again went against his mother's wishes and resolutely chose science. Because the faster you run, the wider your vision is, and knowledge gives people confidence and strength. Why do planes fly and trains run? Why did Watt pursue the steam engine and Columbus seek the New World? Why is Liszt's Revolutionary Elegy so sad, Chekhov's The Seagull so suffocating, and Gorky's Mother so powerful? It turns out that in addition to bosses and apprentices, predators and slaves, there is another kind of person in the world, who constantly pursues light, makes human beings get rid of ignorance, inserts colorful wings for life, and creates miracles for history...<br />
<br />
But Little Bei Hanting once again went against his mother's wishes and resolutely chose science. Because the faster you run, the wider your vision is, and knowledge gives people confidence and strength. Why can planes fly and trains run? Why did Watt pursue the steam engine and Columbus seek the New World? Why is Liszt's ''Revolutionary Elegy'' so sad, Chekhov's ''The Seagull'' so suffocating, and Gorky's ''Mother'' so powerful? It turns out that in addition to bosses and apprentices, predators and slaves, there is another kind of person in the world, who constantly pursues light, makes human beings get rid of ignorance, inserts colorful wings for life, and creates miracles for history...<br />
<br />
世界因有这样的人而更加美好,人类因有这样的创造性劳动者而拉开了和低级动物的距离。小贝汉廷是多么希望也成为这样的人啊!既然生活还有另ー个 界,他就要顽强地向那里迈步,拼了命也要飞跃到那里……<br />
<br />
The world is better because of such people, and there are differences between human beings and animals because of such creative workers. How little Bei Hanting wished to be such a person! Since there is another realm in life, he will go there tenaciously and run to there at any cost...<br />
<br />
The world is better because of such people, and there are differences between human beings and animals because of such creative workers. How little Bei Hanting wished to be such a person! Since there was another realm in life, he would go there tenaciously and run to there at any cost...<br />
<br />
是的,生活和感情都是有不同的境界的,而攀登的每ー步都要付出汗水、心血和力气。小贝汉廷那时是多么恨他的英文老师啊,每星期要背ー课（不是读,而是背）,那么一年就要背52课,真是头也背晕了。可是一年、两年、三年过去,等他能直接阅读莎士比亚和惠特曼时,生活在他面前又展示了一个多么瑰丽的天地……<br />
<br />
Yes, life and feelings have different realms, and every step of going forward requires sweat, painstaking efforts and strength. How much Little Bei Hanting hated his English teacher at that time. He had to recite a lesson every week (not reading, but reciting), so he had to recite 52 lessons a year, which was really dizzy. But after one year, two years and three years, life showed him what a magnificent world when he can read Shakespeare and Whitman directly...<br />
<br />
Yes, life and feelings have different realms, and every step of going forward requires sweat, painstaking efforts and strength. How much Little Bei Hanting hated his English teacher at that time. He had to recite a lesson every week (not reading, but reciting), so he had to recite 52 lessons a year, which was really dizzy. But after one year, two years and three years, life showed him a world so magnificent when he could read Shakespeare and Whitman directly...<br />
<br />
而到了现在,当他能用流利的英语、法语在各个港口向外国友人表达中国人民 的情意,同德国人谈歌德、贝多芬、舒曼,同俄国人谈契诃夫、托尔斯泰、柴可夫斯基,同英国人谈拜伦、莎士比亚,同意大利人谈帕格尼尼……看着那些外国人的脸由淡漠变得凝重,由凝重转成钦佩,这个从南市来的孩子是多么高兴、多么满意。这时他是多么感激他的老师,又多么怀念那些顽强攀登的艰辛岁月啊!<br />
<br />
And now, when he can express the feelings of Chinese people to foreign friends in various ports in fluent English and French, talk to Germans about Goethe, Beethoven and Schumann, Russians about Chekhov, Tolstoy and Tchaikovsky, British about Byron and Shakespeare, Italians about Paganini... How happy and satisfied this child from Nanshi is to watch those foreigners' faces change from indifference to dignified and to admiration. At this time, how grateful he was to his teachers and how he missed those hard times of going forward tenaciously!<br />
<br />
And now, when he can express the feelings of Chinese people to foreign friends in various ports in fluent English and French, talk to Germans about Goethe, Beethoven and Schumann, Russians about Chekhov, Tolstoy and Tchaikovsky, British about Byron and Shakespeare, Italians about Paganini... How happy and satisfied this child from Nanshi was to watch those foreigners' faces change from indifference to dignified and to admiration. At this time, how grateful he was to his teachers and how he missed those hard times of going forward tenaciously!<br />
<br />
吐血的水手<br />
<br />
A Sailor Vomiting Blood<br />
<br />
A Sailor Vomiting Blood<br />
<br />
俄国一代名将苏沃洛夫有一句名言:“不想当将军的士兵不是好士兵。”我们的船长贝汉廷有一句与他互为表里的大实话:“没有了水手的船长就不是船长。”<br />
<br />
Suvorov, a famous Russian Generalissimo, had a famous saying: "A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier." Our captain Bei Hanting had a similar sentence: "A captain who doesn’t have sailors is not a captain."<br />
<br />
Suvorov, a famous Russian Generalissimo, had a famous saying: "A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier." Our captain Bei Hanting had a similar sentence: "A captain who doesn’t have sailors is not a captain."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷是尊重水手、懂得水手的。他也是从一个水手开始他的海上生活的。当他在东北那艘小泵泵船上实习时,他不但领略了东北零下四十摄氏度那凛冽的严寒,也深切感受到伟大祖国那彻骨的贫寒……<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting respected and understood sailors. He also started his life at sea as a sailor. When he was an intern on a small “pump boat” in Northeast China, he not only experienced the cold of minus 40 degrees Celsius in Northeast China, but also deeply felt the poverty of the great motherland...<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting respected and understood sailors. He also started his life at sea as a sailor. When he was an intern on a small "pump boat" in Northeast China, he not only experienced the cold of minus 40 degrees Celsius in Northeast China, but also deeply felt the poverty of the great motherland...<br />
<br />
上海临近解放,这一百多个航海系的学生迅速分化了:有钱有势的去了美国等地。大部分穷学生在隆隆的炮声中最关心的一件事就是跑到外滩,看看可还有船, 如果没有了船,他们可怎么办啊!<br />
<br />
When liberation in Shanghai was around the corner, more than 100 students in the navigation department were rapidly divided: rich and powerful one have gone to the United States and other places. The biggest concern for most of the poor students in the rumbling sound of guns was to run to the Bund and see if there was a boat. If there was no boat, what can they do!<br />
<br />
When the liberation in Shanghai was around the corner, more than 100 students in the navigation department were rapidly divided: rich and powerful ones had gone to the United States and other places. The biggest concern for most of the poor students in the rumbling sound of guns was to run to the Bund and see if there was a boat. If there was no boat, what could they do!<br />
<br />
而外滩,那熟悉的、桅杆林立的外滩,果真是一片寂静。滔滔的流水映着空空的蓝天,国民党把所有的船都迫驶去运送“撤退”人员和物资,把不能行驶的船都炸沉了。<br />
<br />
And the Bund, the familiar Bund with many ships, was really silent. The surging water reflects the blue sky. Kuomintang forced all the ships to transport "evacuated" personnel and materials, and sank all the ships that could not sail.<br />
<br />
And the Bund, the familiar Bund with many ships, was really silent. The surging water reflected the blue sky. Kuomintang forced all the ships to transport "evacuated" personnel and materials, and sank all the ships that could not sail.<br />
<br />
什么都没有留下啊,留下的只是毁灭性的灾难……<br />
<br />
Nothing was left behind, only a devastating disaster...<br />
<br />
Nothing was left behind, only a devastating disaster...<br />
<br />
有的同学改了行,而贝汉廷上了东北这艘小泵泵船。<br />
<br />
Some students changed their careers, but Bei Hanting got on this small “pump boat” in Northeast China.<br />
<br />
Some students changed their careers, but Bei Hanting got on this small "pump boat" in Northeast China.<br />
<br />
为什么叫泵泵船呢?因为一共不到一百吨,蒸汽机整天泵泵、泵泵地响着,一条小船上只有六个人,还是条漏水的船。每天吃的是咸菜、高粱米,却要日夜轮班用水泵把漏进来的水从船上抽出去。海上的风浪是颠簸的,贝汉廷先是吐食物,后是吐白沫,继而吐苦胆水,最后吐血,但他一边和同志们面对面地、一下一下啪嗒、 啪嗒地压着水泵,一边吐了吃、吃了吐地延续着自己的生命,并把生命交给船……<br />
<br />
Why was it called a pump boat? Because it was less than 100 tons in total, the steam engine sounded all day like a pump. There were only six people in a small boat, which was still leaking. They ate pickles and sorghum rice every day, but they had to pump the leaked water from the boat in shifts day and night. The boat flipped because of terrible wind and waves. Bei Hanting first spitted food, then foams at the mouth, then bile, and finally vomited blood. However, he and his partners pumped water out of the boat again and again, while vomiting, eating and spitting to extend their life, and giving it to the boat...<br />
<br />
Why was it called a pump boat? Because it weighed less than 100 tons in total, and the steam engine sounded all day like a pump. There were only six people in a small boat, which was still leaking. They ate pickles and sorghum rice every day, but they had to pump the leaked water from the boat in shifts day and night. The boat flipped because of terrible wind and waves. Bei Hanting first spitted food, then foams at the mouth, then bile, and finally vomited blood. However, he and his partners pumped water out of the boat again and again, while vomiting, eating and spitting to extend their life, and giving it to the boat...<br />
<br />
“是日本人吧?”<br />
<br />
"You are a Japanese, right?"<br />
<br />
"You are a Japanese, Right?"<br />
<br />
大地回春,乍暖还寒。新中国大规模的建设开始了。贝汉廷开始到一艘大船上当实习二副了。船长是个老派的船长,十分严格,每天板着面孔,不苟言笑,穿一身笔挺的制服,右手捏着一副雪白的手套。无论多么大的风雪,见习生也只许站在驾驶台外巡视海面,不许拿望远镜,又不许漏掉一个目标,否则就骂得你狗血喷头。姿势嘛!必须按照条例,手绝对不许插在兜里。零下二十摄氏度也不许吗？是的,不许!零下三十摄氏度呢？也不许!<br />
<br />
Spring returned with temperatures fluctuating between warm and cold. The large-scale construction of the People’s Republic of China began. Bei Hanting began to work as an intern Senior Officer on a big ship. The captain is old-school, strict, and discreet with a straight face every day. He was immaculately dressed with a pair of white gloves in his right hand. No matter how heavy the wind and snow were, trainees were only allowed to stand outside the bridge and patrol the sea. They were not allowed to take binoculars, and miss any targets, otherwise the captain would scold you. As for posture, you must never put your hands in your pockets, according to the regulations. Was it not allowed to do this below minus 20 degrees Celsius? Yes! What about minus 30 degrees Celsius? Nor was it allowed!<br />
<br />
Spring returned with temperatures fluctuating between warm and cold. The large-scale construction of the People’s Republic of China began. Bei Hanting began to work as an intern Senior Officer on a big ship. The captain was old-school, strict, and discreet with a straight face every day. He wore a well-ironed uniform with a pair of white gloves in his right hand. No matter how heavy the wind and snow were, trainees were only allowed to stand outside the bridge and patrol the sea. They were not allowed to take binoculars, and miss any targets, otherwise the captain would scold them. As for posture, they must never put their hands in their pockets, according to the regulations. Was it not allowed to do this below minus 20 degrees Celsius? Yes! What about minus 30 degrees Celsius? Nor was it allowed!<br />
<br />
冬季里只穿一条单裤的贝汉廷有一次实在受不住啦,回头看看没人,刚悄悄把手放进兜里暖暖,后边啪的一脚就踢过来了。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, who only wore a pair of trousers in winter, once couldn't stand it. Finding no one was in the back, he quietly put his hands in his pocket to warm up, and then the captain kicked his feet behind him.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, who only wore a pair of trousers in winter, once couldn't stand it. Finding no one was in the back, he quietly put his hands in his pocket to warm up, and then the captain kicked his feet behind him.<br />
<br />
“打人当然是不对的。”贝汉廷笑着说,“可我也真从他那里受到了严格的训练,学会了一丝不苟。”<br />
<br />
"It is certainly wrong to beat people." Bei Hanting said with a smile, "But I really got strict training from him and learned to be meticulous."<br />
<br />
"It is certainly wrong to beat people." Bei Hanting said with a smile, "But I really got strict training from him and learned to be meticulous."<br />
<br />
俗话说“严师出高徒”,而严师也多半是爱高徒的。那个老船长从来没正眼看过贝汉廷一眼,但在挑选二副时,他点名要贝汉廷。他遭到了反对,但他力排众议：“贝汉廷。”又是一阵反对的浪潮。他却仍然是三个字:“贝汉廷!”<br />
<br />
As the saying goes, "A strict teacher nurtures a high-level apprentice", and a strict teacher mostly loves a high-level apprentice. The old captain never paid attention to Bei Hanting, but when selecting the Senior Officer, he named Bei Hanting. He was opposed, but he tried hard to refute and eliminate opposing opinions to maintain his stance: "Bei Hanting." It was another wave of opposition. He still said that name: "Bei Hanting!"<br />
<br />
As the saying goes, "A strict teacher nurtures a high-level apprentice", and a strict teacher mostly loves the high-level apprentice. The old captain never paid attention to Bei Hanting, but when selecting the Senior Officer, he named Bei Hanting. He was opposed, but he tried hard to refute and eliminate opposing opinions to maintain his stance: "Bei Hanting." There was another wave of opposition. He still said that name: "Bei Hanting!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷就这样当上了二副,然后就来到了广远公司,开始了远洋航行的那一天。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting became the Senior Officer in this way, and then came to Guangyuan Company and started the ocean voyage.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting became the Senior Officer in this way, and then came to Guangyuan Company and started the ocean voyage.<br />
<br />
当船长的幸福贝汉廷今天已记不清了。他记得最清楚的却是当船长的痛苦, 那就是:只要他在海外显示出一点文化教养和科学水平,外国人就要问他:“是日本人吧?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting has lost count of the happiness of being a captain today. What he remembers most clearly is the pain of being a captain, that is, as long as he shows a little educational background and scientific knowledge overseas, foreigners will ask him: "You are a Japanese, right?"<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting has lost count of the happiness of being a captain today. What he remembers most clearly is the pain of being a captain, that is, as long as he shows a little educational background and scientific knowledge overseas, foreigners will ask him: "You are a Japanese, right?"<br />
<br />
有一次,在鹿特丹港,一个领港员因为船上一水是中国人而有意刁难,把舵令用英语说得又快又流利,贝汉廷就迎上去和他用英语对话。领港改用法语,贝汉廷也改用法语,然后有意识地用意大利语和西班牙语向领港员问话。<br />
<br />
On one occasion, in Port of Rotterdam, a pilot deliberately created difficulties because the able seaman (AB) on board was Chinese. He spoke rudder orders quickly and fluently in English, so Bei Hanting talked with him in English. The pilot changed to French, Bei Hanting also changed to French, and then he consciously questioned the pilot in Italian and Spanish.<br />
<br />
On one occasion, at the Port of Rotterdam, a pilot deliberately created difficulties because the able seaman (AB) on board was Chinese. He spoke rudder orders quickly and fluently in English, so Bei Hanting talked with him in English. The pilot changed to French, Bei Hanting also changed to French, and then he consciously questioned the pilot in Italian and Spanish.<br />
<br />
这个领港员回答不上来了,却说：“你的一水不行。”<br />
<br />
The pilot couldn't answer, so he said, "Your able seaman is not good."<br />
<br />
The pilot couldn't answer, so he said, "Your able seaman is not good."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷装没听见,他连说三次,贝汉廷火了,说：“你怎么知道他不行?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting pretended not to hear. He said it three times in a row. Bei Hanting became angry and said, "How do you know he is not skilled?"<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting pretended not to hear. He said it three times in a row. Bei Hanting became angry and said, "How do you know he is not skilled?"<br />
<br />
“反应太慢。”<br />
<br />
"His reaction is too slow."<br />
<br />
"His reaction is too slow."<br />
<br />
“那是你没有必要地说得太快,舵令叫得不清楚。”<br />
<br />
"That's because you speak too fast, which is not necessary at all, so the rudder orders don't sound clear."<br />
<br />
"That's because you speak too fast, which is not necessary at all, so the rudder orders don't sound clear."<br />
<br />
“我要求你换人。”<br />
<br />
"I ask you to change your able seaman."<br />
<br />
"I ask you to change your able seaman."<br />
<br />
“他是我船上最好的水手。”<br />
<br />
"He is the best sailor on my ship."<br />
<br />
"He is the best sailor on my ship."<br />
<br />
“中国人没ー个操舵操得好的。”<br />
<br />
"All Chinese people don't steer well."<br />
<br />
"All Chinese people don't steer well."<br />
<br />
“各国港口的领港员都说他好,只有你一个人说他不行。”<br />
<br />
"The pilots of ports in various countries say he is good, and you are the only one who says he can't do it."<br />
<br />
"All pilots of ports in various countries say he is good, and you are the only one who says he is not good."<br />
<br />
“我要求下船。”<br />
<br />
"I demand to disembark."<br />
<br />
"I demand to disembark."<br />
<br />
“可以。三副!立即送他下去。拿来!”<br />
<br />
"Yes. Junior Officer! Send him down at once. Bring it!"<br />
<br />
"Ok. Junior Officer! Send him down at once. Bring it!"<br />
<br />
“什么?”<br />
<br />
"What?"<br />
<br />
"What?"<br />
<br />
“你的派司。我要在你的引水单上注明,你是一个不合格的引水员,不能给船舶提供良好的协作,从此以后不欢迎你到任何一条中国船上领港。我很遗憾,但看来只好如此了,派司,请!”<br />
<br />
"Your pass. I want to indicate on your application for pilot that you are an unqualified pilot and can't collaborate well with ships. From now on, you are not welcome to pilot any Chinese ship. I'm sorry, but it seems that we have to do so. Your pass, please!"<br />
<br />
面对如此强硬的船长,那个领港员咕噜了几句,再也不响了。<br />
<br />
Facing such a tough master, the pilot muttered a few words and never did this again.<br />
<br />
船进了港口,贝汉廷签证了引水单,并没有加任何批注,那位傲慢的引水员十分感激;而那个被船长保护过来的一水,噙着泪水咬着牙,从此日夜念英文……（I changed 嚙 with 噙）<br />
<br />
When the ship entered the port, Bei Hanting signed the application for pilot without any comment, and the arrogant pilot was very grateful. For the able seaman protected by the captain, he bit the bullet and read English day and night after that...<br />
<br />
蓝色的梦<br />
<br />
Blue Dreams<br />
<br />
正当我国海员在全世界各个港口赢得尊敬,我国远洋事业蓬勃发展的时刻,“文化大革命”开始了。林彪、江青等人互相勾结,从文艺界杀出来,砸烂公检法之 后,开始有步骤、有计划地在各条战线夺权。<br />
<br />
Just when our seafarers won respect in various ports all over the world and our ocean-going business flourished, the Cultural Revolution began. Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and others colluded with each other, caused many deaths in literary and art circles, destroyed the public security inspection law, and began to seize power on all fronts step by step and in a planned way.<br />
<br />
贝汉廷在休假中突然被通知到广州集合。他以海员的速度按时到达,去接受新的任务。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was suddenly informed to gather in Guangzhou during his vacation. He arrived on time at the speed of seafarers to accept new tasks.<br />
<br />
但是,并没有任务,却让他进了学习班。<br />
<br />
However, there was no task. He was forced to attend classes learning the Maoism.<br />
<br />
学习班都是熟人,我国开创远洋事业的不少老船长、老大副都来了。老朋友久 别重逢,十分开心,各路兵马摩拳擦掌,准备大干ー场。可是一笑容慢慢冻结在脸上了。怎么?走路要排队,吃饭也要排队,寄信要请假,说话还有人监督……军宣队宣布全面接管,难道变成了国民党俘虏?<br />
<br />
There were all acquaintances in this class, like many old captains and Chief Officers who started the ocean-going business in China. Old friends were glad to meet again after a long separation, and they were gearing up for a big fight. But a smile slowly froze on their faces. What happened? You had to queue up when you walk, when you eat. You had to take a personal day off when you sent a letter, and there were people to supervise when you speak... The propaganda team promoting Maoism claimed that it will manage them. So, did they become Kuomintang’s captives?<br />
<br />
唉！贝汉廷哪里知道,林彪、“四人帮”的革命理论就是:越是有功越要整,越是有成绩越是修正主义。他们所谓的革命就是要革革过命的人的命。<br />
<br />
Alas! Bei Hanting didn’t know that the revolutionary theory of Lin Biao and the Gang of Four was that the more achievements you have, the more revisionism you have. What they called revolution was to kill those who had great contributions to our country.<br />
<br />
现在看来,真是比绕口令还绕口令!迷信、愚昧到了令人抬不起头的程度。但那时,贝汉廷也像中国大多数革命者一样,十分虔诚地检查自己的不足,俯首赎罪……<br />
<br />
Now, it seems that it is ironic! Superstition and ignorance have made people so embarrassed. But at that time, Bei Hanting, like most Chinese revolutionaries, examined his shortcomings very piously and bowed his head to atone for his sins...<br />
<br />
首先出来抵制的又是我们的总理。总理说:“如果我们开创远洋事业的骨干都修了,远洋事业的大好形势从哪里来的?”多么无可辩驳,多么义正词严!可是林彪、江青那一伙人哪里听总理的,总理正是他们要打倒的主要目标哩!<br />
<br />
It was our prime minister who came out to oppose first. The prime minister said: "If the backbone of our ocean-going business has been fired, how does the bright future of ocean-going business come from?" How irrefutable, how righteous! But Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and their gang members didn’t listen to the Prime Minister, because he was the main target they want to overthrow!<br />
<br />
于是读语录,谈话;谈话,读语录;逼供,诱供;进隔离室,出隔离室……从追“拍照”到“送情报”,最后发展到追他“里通外国”。本来嘛,搞远洋运输的还能不里通外国?<br />
<br />
So they had to read quotations and have a conversation with the propaganda team again and again; they had to experience forced confessions or be trapped to make a confession; they had to be isolated in a room... From Bei’s pictures in the radar station, they thought he gave intelligence to other countries, and finally they thought he conspired with foreign countries. Originally, can those who engage in ocean transportation not communicate with foreign countries?<br />
<br />
但世界上的事就是这么不可思议,事物的规律就是这样不可抗拒,他们纲上得越高,贝汉廷就越轻松,到追查里通外国的什么“照片”时,他早已从晕眩到清醒, 由虔诚而呼呼大睡起来了…… <br />
<br />
But things in the world were so strange, and the laws of things were so irresistible. The more they talked about politics, the easier it is for Bei Hanting. By the time they traced the photos of conspiring with foreign countries, he has already gone from dizziness to sobriety, and fell asleep from piety...<br />
<br />
总理毕竟是他们夺权不可逾越的障碍。就像文艺界的大批骨干被总理保护下来送到部队农场“改造”一样,远洋事业的这批骨干也被保护下来,送到航道局看航标、挖河泥去了。<br />
<br />
After all, the prime minister was an insurmountable obstacle to their seizure of power. Just as a large number of backbones in the literary and art circles were protected by the Prime Minister and sent to the army farm for the Down to the Countryside Movement, these backbones in the ocean-going business were also protected and sent to the Waterway Bureau to monitor navigation marks and dig river mud.<br />
<br />
挖河泥,上海人叫“闌河泥”,贝汉廷和他的伙伴们带着流血的心和解除隔离的欣慰,看起航标,罱起河泥来……（I changed 闌 with 罱）<br />
<br />
Digging (挖) river mud is called digging (罱) river mud by residents in Shanghai. Bei Hanting and his friends monitored navigation marks and dug river mud with bleeding hearts and relief from isolation...<br />
<br />
贝汉廷毕竟是贝汉廷,在看航标罱河泥的小船上当三副,专管伙食事务,仍然年年被评为先进。（I changed 闌 with 罱）<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, after all, was capable. He was the Junior Officer in the boat monitoring navigation marks and digging river mud, and was responsible for food affairs. And he was still rated as advanced Individual every year.<br />
<br />
他从来没过过这样清闲的日子,用他爱人的话说:结婚二十年,在家的日子加 起来ー共不到两年。现在,每天开开单据,报报账,下了班就可以回家,骑着脚踏 车,从路边上买点螃蟹鱼虾,晚上和妻子儿女ー起听听音乐……<br />
<br />
He has never lived such a leisurely life. In the words of his lover, he has been married for 20 years, but his days at home added up to less than two years. Now, he invoiced people and reported accounts every day. He can go home after work, ride a bicycle, buy some fish from the roadside, and listen to music with his wife and children at night...<br />
<br />
这在一般人看来是求之不得的幸福啊！可是,他哭了。这个从来没哭过的汉子,他哭了。<br />
<br />
This was a desirable happiness in the eyes of ordinary people! However, he cried. Before that, this man who has never cried.<br />
<br />
他哭了,不是因为邻居的眼色,这个从南市来的孩子从小见惯了各种各样冷漠和怀疑的眼色。<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the neighbors’ dirty looks. The boy from Nanshi was used to all kinds of indifferent and dubious looks.<br />
<br />
他哭了,不是因为路人的歧视,这个在各国港口为中国争取到荣誉的海员,有的是对付歧视的办法。<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the discrimination of passers-by. This seaman who won honor for China in ports of various countries had plenty of ways to deal with discrimination. <br />
<br />
他哭了,不是因为亲人们一妻子儿女,特别是哥哥,那个一心一意支持他走上这条路的哥哥的质问。虽然他们疑虑的视线在他心上织起了灰色的和有罪的雾似的迷网……<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the questioning of his relatives, his wife and children, especially his brother, who wholeheartedly supported him to be a seaman. Although their suspicious eyes woven a gray and guilty mist-like puzzle in his heart...<br />
<br />
但,他不是为这些哭的。他哭,是为了他的梦,他的蓝色的梦。<br />
<br />
But that's not why he cried. He cried for his dreams, his blue dreams.<br />
<br />
他是这样思念大海,他的梦也尽是蓝色的。当他坐在小船三副的办公桌前想起他的波涛汹涌的大海时,他心如刀绞。<br />
<br />
He missed the sea so much, and his dreams were all blue. When he sat at the desk of the Junior Officer of the boat and thought of his rough sea, his heart was torn out.<br />
<br />
他仍然喜欢独自在黄埔滩头倚栏沉思。每当他看见自己驾驶过的“桂林”“友好”“九江”号从他眼前驶过时,他的心狂跳,他像孩子ー样大哭了。他感到它们是那么的漂亮,真是美极了。在他当它们船长的时候,他从来没像今天看它们那样感到漂亮。而今天,当他被活活地从它们身上撕开,目送着它们仪态万方地姗姗远去时,他怎能不泪如雨下……<br />
<br />
He still liked to meditate alone on the beachhead of Huangpu. Whenever he saw the Guilin, the Friendship and Jiujiang he had driven passing by his eyes, his heart beat wildly and he cried like a child. He felt that they were so beautiful. When he was their captain, he never thought them so beautiful when he saw them today. Today, when he had to separate with them and watch them go away with great grace, how could he not burst into a flood of tears...<br />
<br />
他的泪水在羞辱的愤怒中干涸了。那是当他听见“四人帮”改朝换代后派出 的有的船员竟在外国人面前把“twelve”说成“ onetwo”的时候;是当他听说“四人帮”派出的“小兄弟”有失国体地在外国百货公司偷人一双袜子的时候;是知道那些打砸抢的“英雄”们竟在外国港口的垃圾箱里拾破烂的时候……<br />
<br />
His tears dried up in a rage that was triggered by humiliation. That was when he heard that some crew members sent by the Gang of Four after the regime change said "twelve" as "onetwo" to foreigners; It was when he heard that sidekicks sent by the Gang of Four stole a pair of socks from foreign department stores, which tarnished the honor of our country; It was when he knew that the "heroes" who smashed and looted actually picked up junk in garbage bins in foreign ports...<br />
<br />
愤怒把泪水烧干了,但蓝色的梦依然是蓝色的。他怀着钢铁的意志,钢铁的决心,他要回到大海上去。他会回到大海上去的!于是他咬着牙在自己的航海笔记的扉页上写下“勤笔密思”四个字。他重新挺起了胸,点燃了深夜的灯,通宵达旦地啃起《海上保险》《国际海商法》《海上救助》和各种国际航运法规、各国港口资料来了…… <br />
<br />
Anger burns tears dry, but blue dreams are still blue. Having nerves of steel, he wanted to go back to the sea. He will go back to the sea! So he gritted his teeth and wrote the words " Writing Diligently and Thinking Usually" on the title page of his sailing notes. He stood up again, lit the lights in the middle of the night, and read ''Marine Insurance'', ''International Maritime Law'', ''Maritime Rescue'' and various international shipping laws and regulations, and port information of various countries all night...<br />
<br />
伦敦港的友谊<br />
<br />
Friendship in the Port of London<br />
<br />
"Who is the captain?”<br />
<br />
"I 'm the master."<br />
<br />
他果然回到了大海,但这已是一个新的贝汉廷。<br />
<br />
He really returned to the sea, but this is a new Bei Hanting.<br />
<br />
如果说过去他只是一个业务熟练的船长,那么,今天他是一个满怀信心的主人。Master的含意在十年政治风暴的锤炼中,重心有了令人欣喜的转移,而这双重含意在他身上竟是如此和谐、统一。<br />
<br />
If he used to be just a skillful captain, today he is a confident master. The meaning of Master has been richer due to the political storm in the past ten years, and the focus has a happy shift, but the two meanings is so harmonious and unified in him.<br />
<br />
这里,我只想讲一个小故事,那就是——伦敦港的友谊。<br />
<br />
Here, I just want to tell a short story, that is, the friendship in the Port of London.<br />
<br />
有一次,“汉川号”配载200吨滑石粉到伦敦港卸货,途中收到了公司电报:伦敦港最近规定,不卸滑石粉。为什么?不知道,这是新规定。<br />
<br />
On one occasion, the Hanchuan loaded 200 tons of talcum powder to the Port of London for unloading, but received a telegram from the company on the way: the Port of London recently stipulated that talcum powder should not be unloaded. Why? They don't know. It's a new rule.<br />
<br />
公司远隔万里,可以不知道。但200吨滑石粉压在贝汉廷的冷藏舱盖上,舱里还有送到伦敦的各种冷冻货。滑石粉不让卸,别的货也取不出来,到前边中转,运费要超过货物本身的价值。贝汉廷决定,船仍直驶伦敦港。船一到港,他立即彬彬有礼地去拜访代理、卸货组长、工头、工人……摸清了不卸滑石粉的由来。原来是一个工人看报时偶然发现了一篇化学家署名的文章,分析滑石粉的结构,如此这般,这般如此,作用于人体,就要引起癌症。这个工人在他的工班一说,癌症,这还了得!几个工班一商议,向工会提出:从此不卸滑石粉。特别是中国的,因为包装不好,运输时又马虎,纸袋压得尽是裂缝,卸起来粉末飞扬,不要说卸,工人连手都不愿摸……<br />
<br />
The company was thousands of miles away, so it was reasonable. However, 200 tons of talcum powder was pressed on the cover of the refrigerated hatch, and there were various frozen goods sent to London in the hatch. Talcum powder was not allowed to be unloaded, and other goods can't be taken out. If you sail to the stopping point, the freight will exceed the value of the goods themselves. So, Bei Hanting decided that the ship would still go straight to the Port of London. As soon as the ship arrived in port, he courteously visited the agent, the unloading team leader, the foreman, workers... By doing so, he found out the reason of not unloading talcum powder. It turned out that a worker accidentally discovered an article signed by a chemist while reading a newspaper, analyzing the structure of talcum powder. If it acts on human body, it will cause cancer. The worker said this in his work class, which caused a great sensation! After several rounds of deliberation, it was proposed to the trade union that talcum powder should not be unloaded from now on. Especially that from China, because the packaging was not good, and the transportation was sloppy, the paper bags were full of cracks, so the powder would fly when unloaded. Workers were unwilling to touch it, not to mention unloading... <br />
<br />
啊!原来如此!贝汉廷立即请代理到船上做客。畅叙别情,举杯问候夫人健康,谈英国绘画的新发展,从背诵莎士比亚的片段谈到流行的扭摆舞对青年的影响……谈得十分融洽。代理告别时说:“在港口,有什么困难,只管找我。”贝汉廷长叹一声:“困难是有哇,可不能告诉别人。”代理马上伸过手来,与贝汉廷紧握: “绝不,到我为止。”<br />
<br />
Ah! That was the reason! Bei Hanting immediately invited an agent to be a guest on board. He talked freely, from greeting his wife's health, the new development of English painting, reciting Shakespeare's excerpts to the influence of popular twist dance on young people. When the agent left, he said "If you have any difficulties in the port, just ask me." Bei Hanting sighed: "There are difficulties, but you can't tell others." The agent immediately reached out and clasped his hands: "No, I will help you."<br />
<br />
“我带来了滑石粉。”<br />
<br />
"I brought talcum powder."<br />
<br />
“知道,不就200吨吗?”<br />
<br />
"I know. Isn't it just 200 tons?"<br />
<br />
“可我因为怕压坏,装在了冷藏舱盖上。”<br />
<br />
"But I put it on the refrigerated hatch cover because I am afraid of crushing it."<br />
<br />
“糟糕！这可怎么办?”<br />
<br />
"Oops! What can I do?"<br />
<br />
“我想和工头谈谈。”<br />
<br />
"I want to talk to the foreman."<br />
<br />
“交情深吗?不深——这样吧,我先和工会的负责人谈谈,请他来看你。”<br />
<br />
"Are you on intimate terms with him? No? Let me talk to the person in charge of the trade union first and ask him to come to see you."<br />
<br />
“我去拜访他!”<br />
<br />
"I'll visit him!"<br />
<br />
工会的负责人把头摇得像拨浪鼓一样:“这是工人的权利,工会坚决支持。”<br />
<br />
The head of the trade union shook his head like a rattle: "This is the right of workers, and the trade union firmly supports it."<br />
<br />
“别的港口都没这项规定呢!”<br />
<br />
"There is no such rule in other ports!"<br />
<br />
“本港对工人劳动保护特别注意。”<br />
<br />
"Our port pays special attention to the labor protection of workers."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷承认确实如此,并且列举了伦敦港工会的种种成绩。他是那样如数家珍,说得工会负责人心里热乎乎的,至于卸滑石粉的劳动保护吗,“汉川号”愿意提供一切条件,口罩、面具……工会负责人说:“那么……也许……我试ー试!”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting admitted that and listed the achievements of the Trade Union of the Port of London. He was so familiar with these achievements that the person in charge of the trade union was touched. As for the labor protection for unloading talcum powder, workers in the Hanchuan were willing to provide all equipment, like masks and respirators... He said: "Then... maybe... I will try!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“只要先生愿意帮忙,一定成功。先生知道伦敦的商人为什么远程购买滑石粉吗?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "As long as you is willing to help, you will succeed. Do you know why businessmen in London buy talcum powder remotely?"<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“因为我国青岛出产的滑石粉质量好,包装也好。我又装在舱盖上,一点没有破裂……先生知道滑石粉是做什么的吗?是做化妆品的。香粉,脂粉,高级化妆品呀！贵国的妇女那么美丽,从古到今都擦粉,但她们是多么健康!”<br />
<br />
"Because the talcum powder produced in Qingdao has good quality and good packaging. And I put it on the hatch cover, so it doesn’t break at all... Do you know what talcum powder is made for, sir? It can make cosmetics. Rouge and powder are high-grade cosmetics! Women in your country are so beautiful because they use this products from ancient times to the present, but how healthy they are!"<br />
<br />
工会负责人紧板的面孔开始有了一丝笑意。<br />
<br />
The tight expression of the head of the trade union changed, and he cracked a smile.<br />
<br />
“贵国亲友相会,都有接吻的习惯。算算,你们一天要接触多少香粉——多少滑石粉,而你们又是多么健康！”<br />
<br />
"When friends and relatives meet in your country, they all have the habit of kissing. Think about it. How much fragrant powder and talcum powder you need to touch every day. But how healthy you are!"<br />
<br />
“哈哈……”在场的人不由得都哈哈大笑了。<br />
<br />
"Haha..." All the people on the scene couldn't help laughing.<br />
<br />
“那么,允许我去找工人们谈谈?”贝汉廷说。<br />
<br />
"So, do you allow me to talk to the workers?" Bei Hanting asked.<br />
<br />
“不,我去,还是我去好。”工会负责人匆匆走了。<br />
<br />
"No, I'll go. It’s better if I talk to them." The head of the union hurried away.<br />
<br />
贝汉廷提心吊胆地从窗口望着甲板,看见工会负责人到工人群中拍肩打膀地说着,说着……突然,从工人中爆发出那样舒心的大笑,他们简直笑得前仰后合了。贝汉廷这一颗心才落到了胸膛里。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting looked at the deck from the window nervously, and saw the head of the trade union clapping others’ shoulders and talking among the workers... Suddenly, such a comfortable laughter broke out from the workers, and they almost laughed their heads off. Seeing this, Bei Hanting was at ease.<br />
<br />
代理对他跷起大拇指:“真行啊,Captain贝!”<br />
<br />
The agent gave him a thumbs up: "Really good, Captain Bei!"<br />
<br />
他说:“全靠你们老朋友。”<br />
<br />
He said, "It's all up to your old friends."<br />
<br />
“为什么你还不高兴?”<br />
<br />
"Why are you still unhappy?"<br />
<br />
“我还有事求你帮忙,又不好开口。”<br />
<br />
"I still have something to ask you for help, and it is difficult to speak."<br />
<br />
“说!”<br />
<br />
"Just say it!"<br />
<br />
“我们还有好多艘船都载着滑石粉呢!”<br />
<br />
"We still have many ships carrying talcum powder!"<br />
<br />
代理双手齐摇:“就你这一船,我的脑袋差点没裂开。”<br />
<br />
The agent waved his hands: "Even if there is only one ship with talcum powder, my head almost crack."<br />
<br />
“但道理不是一样吗?”<br />
<br />
"But it makes sense for all ships."<br />
<br />
“你何必管别人的船呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why do you care about other people's ships?"<br />
<br />
“因为都挂着五星红旗呀!”<br />
<br />
"Because they all hang the National Flag of the People's Republic of China!"<br />
<br />
代理挠挠头:“那……我去试试。”<br />
<br />
The agent scratched his head: "Then... I'll try it."<br />
<br />
“一定成功,英国工人是最讲道理的。”<br />
<br />
"It must be successful. British workers are the most reasonable."<br />
<br />
经过反复磋商,终于成功了。从此,凡是挂着五星红旗船上的滑石粉,只要包装不破,伦敦港一律管卸。<br />
<br />
After repeated consultations, it finally succeeded. From then on, all talcum powder on ships with the National Flag of the People's Republic of China will be unloaded in the Port of London as long as the packaging is not broken.<br />
<br />
我在这里不想叙述因此每条船每个航次为国家节约了多少外汇,因为读者们比我算得更清楚,那是数以万计十万计……我只想说:十年的政治风浪怎样使贝汉廷完成了从一个船长到一个主人的飞跃。因为他时时想着我们的人民——在各条战线上的每个主人十年沉思的伟大力量。正是它,在推动他不断地向前,向前……<br />
<br />
I don't want to describe how much foreign exchange has been saved for the country by each ship and voyage, because readers know better than me. That is more than tens of thousands... I just want to say: How did Bei Hanting make a leap from a captain to a master after ten years of political storms. Because he always thinks about our people. This is the great power of ten years' meditation of every master on all fronts. It is this power that pushes him forward...<br />
<br />
“邓小平式的船长”<br />
<br />
"A Deng Xiaoping-style Captain"<br />
<br />
中美建交,邓小平同志访问美国引起了巨大的轰动。<br />
<br />
When the diplomatic relations between China and the United States was established, Comrade Deng Xiaoping's visit to the United States caused a great sensation.<br />
<br />
中美航线打通了。好钢用在刀刃上,公司把首航美国的任务交给了贝汉廷,把他调到“柳林海号”。<br />
<br />
The Sino-US air route has been developed. Just like good steel should be used to make blades, talents should also be dispatched to do indispensable things. So the company gave Bei Hanting the task of sailing across the United States the first time and transferred him to the LIULINHAI.<br />
<br />
但在“汉川号”的航线上,几乎各个港口都打听Captarn贝。有的转达港口的问候,有的诉说朋友的思念,有的跷起大拇指,有的说:“你们中国的船长都像他就好了。”<br />
<br />
However, on the route of the Hanchuan, almost people in every port inquired about Captarn Bei. Some conveyed greetings from the port; some told friends' longing for him; some raised their thumbs, and some said, "I wish you Chinese captains are like him."<br />
<br />
“汉川号”实习船长、大副甄永祥同志告诉我:汉堡港的理货组长库克和装卸公司的威利先生干脆说贝汉廷是“邓小平式的船长” 。<br />
<br />
Comrade Zhen Yongxiang, the intern captain and Chief Officer of the Hanchuan, told me that Cook, the tally leader of the Port of Hamburg, and Mr. Willie of the Stevedoring Company even said that Bei Hanting was a "Deng Xiaoping-style captain".<br />
<br />
为什么库克先生们给他这样高的评价?只是因为邓小平首访美国,他首航美国的偶然机缘吗?当然不是!<br />
<br />
Why did Mr. Cook think highly of him? Is it just because of Deng Xiaoping's first visit to the United States and his maiden voyage to the United States by chance? Of course not!<br />
<br />
大副和水手们津津有味地给我讲开了故事:<br />
<br />
The Chief Officer and the sailors told me the story with relish:<br />
<br />
有一次,“汉川号”将到亚历山大港卸货。这个港口在苏伊士运河入口处,经常停泊着上百条等待泊位的各国船只,搞不好一等就得几十天。于是,贝汉廷在途中就接二连三地给港口代理打电话,以便让“汉川号”这三个字一再冲击所有有关人员的脑细胞,加深他们的印象。并且他翻检了自己记忆的仓库和笔记本,理清了这个港口必须打交道的一系列人物的姓名、年龄、脾气秉性、特殊爱好、办事方式……<br />
<br />
On one occasion, the Hanchuan unloaded at Alexandria, situating at the entrance of Suez Canal, where hundreds of ships from all over the world waited for berths, which may take several days. Therefore, Bei Hanting called the port agent many times on the way, so that the word "Hanchuan" could be remembered. And he went through his memory storehouse and notebook, and sorted out the names, ages, tempers, special hobbies and ways of doing things of many people that he must deal with in this port...<br />
<br />
抵港后,他就直奔港务局,拜访港务局长。他是那样熟悉地称呼着局长的名字,顺利地通过了门岗,又那样亲密地和港务局长谈着家常。当他最后提出要求快速装卸时,局长说:“怎么这样急?你们中国人从来不在乎船期。”他说:“谁说的? 我们现在要搞四化,分秒必争哩!”港务局长像老朋友似的望着他笑。于是他熟练地和所有打交道的人交往着,尽快地办好一切手续,穿过各国彩色缤纷的泊船,用 一句古话说:“扬帆远航” 了,节约了二十多天船期。多么灵活,闪电也似的进击,不像个船长,倒像个军事家。<br />
<br />
After arriving in the port, he went straight to the Port Authority to visit the Director of Port. He called the director's name deftly, so he passed the gate smoothly, and talked with the port director so intimately. When he finally asked for quick loading and unloading, the director said, "Why is it so urgent? You Chinese never care about the shipping schedule." He said, "Who said that? We must carry out the Four Modernizations now, so every minute counts!" The director looked at him like an old friend and smiled. So he skillfully interacted with all the people he dealt with, completed all the formalities as soon as possible, and went through colorful berthing ships of various countries. As an old saying goes, "Setting sail for a long voyage", which saved more than 20 days of sailing. How flexible he was! He took actions like lightning, which made him like a strategist, not a captain. <br />
<br />
同“汉川号”一起,我们从国外一共买了四条船。保修期间,发现冷藏舱上有“汗水”,浸湿了货物。贝船长拍下了现场的照片,又请各个港口的验货师签署了证明,还用油漆在船上标出了“汗水”的位置,要回厂求返修。<br />
<br />
We have bought four ships from abroad, including the Hanchuan. During the warranty period, it was found that on the refrigerated compartment was "sweat", which soaked the goods. Captain Bei took photos of the scene, asked the inspectors of various ports to sign the supporting materials, and marked the position of "sweat" on the ship with paint, so he could go back to the factory for repair.<br />
<br />
船厂工程师抱着几尺厚的设计资料翻给他看,满嘴数字、专用名词,就是不肯返修,并说已有两条船来过厂,他们在冷藏舱内侧打了200个洞,找不出问题,已签字同意不返修了。<br />
<br />
The shipyard engineer turned over the design data several Chi (Chi is a unit of length in China) thick to him, full of numbers and special terms, but he refused to repair it. He said that two ships had been to the factory, and they had made 200 holes in the inside of the refrigerated cabin, but could not find any problems, so they signed and agreed not to repair ships.<br />
<br />
“请你看我的船。”<br />
<br />
"Please look at my ship."<br />
<br />
“你的船,绝缘体是举世无双的优质品。”<br />
<br />
"The insulator in your ship is unparalleled quality products in the world."<br />
<br />
“举世无双的优质品却搞出了前所罕见的’汗水’。”<br />
<br />
"The unparalleled quality products in the world have produced a rare 'sweat '."<br />
<br />
“理论上找不出任何错误。”<br />
<br />
"No mistakes can be found in theory."<br />
<br />
“实践上就是‘汗水’浸坏了货物。”<br />
<br />
"In practice, 'sweat 'soaked the goods."<br />
<br />
工程师有成百上千条理论根据,但贝汉廷有一叠ー叠的现实照片,证人签单。<br />
<br />
Engineers had hundreds of theories, but Bei Hanting had stacks of photos and bills signed by witnesses.<br />
<br />
工程师火了:“找不出理论根据,就是不给修,这是国际惯例做法,合同上规定的。”<br />
<br />
The engineer was angry: "If you can't find a theoretical basis, I won't repair it. This is an international practice and stipulated in the contract."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷也火了:“放下你那几尺厚的资料!我拼上几夜不睡也要查出根据来,你吓唬不住我!”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was also angry: "Put down your data a few Chi thick! I will find out the basis even if I don't sleep for a few nights. You can't scare me!"<br />
<br />
工程师像海水一样莫测高深,但是贝汉廷却像礁石一样坚硬,于是海水退潮了,留下了资料。<br />
<br />
Engineers were as unfathomable as seawater, but Bei Hanting was as hard as a reef, so the seawater ebbed, leaving behind information.<br />
<br />
于是贝汉廷顽强地用血肉之躯去迎战冷冰冰的数据。这毕竟是专而又专的船舶冷藏业务啊！热学、力学、钢铁、绝缘……几十门学科。但血肉之躯也自有它的好处,那就是它有主观能动性。贝汉廷分析着各个不同的数据,寻找着规律,终于抓住了矛盾的牛鼻子。为什么在冷冻舱的各个部位绝缘体都是!80毫米厚,而横梁部分的绝缘体只有90毫米?差距有一倍,这合理吗?贝汉廷一下子跳了起来, 跑到冷藏舱实地对照,油漆的印痕条条排列。果然,“汗水”出在横梁部位……<br />
<br />
So Bei Hanting stubbornly confronted the cold data with his flesh and blood. After all, this was a ship refrigeration business, which was difficult for a layman to understand! Heat, mechanics, steel, insulation... dozens of disciplines. But a person also had its own advantages, that was, he had subjective initiative. Bei Hanting analyzed different data, looked for laws, and finally found the problem. Why were insulators in every part of the freezer 180 mm thick, while the insulator of the beam part was only 90 mm? Was it reasonable? Bei Hanting jumped up at once and ran to the refrigerator for field comparison. The marks of paint were arranged in strips. Sure enough, "sweat" came out of the beam...<br />
<br />
把工程师请了回来,工程师先是点头后是摇头:“没想到啊！没想到问题出在这里!”<br />
<br />
When the engineer was invited back, he first nodded and then shook his head: "I didn't expect it! I didn't expect the problem to be here!"<br />
<br />
怎么办?返修呗！船厂工人连续开了几个夜班,加铺了一层绝缘体,加铺了一层甲板。<br />
<br />
What to do? Repair it! Shipyard workers worked several night shifts in succession to lay an insulator and a deck.<br />
<br />
这条船修好了,其他的呢?工程师听也不要听。于是,贝汉廷去见总经理。<br />
<br />
This ship has been repaired. What about the others? Engineers didn’t even think about them. So Bei Hanting went to see the general manager.<br />
<br />
总经理说:“那两条船已经双方签过字,免修了。”<br />
<br />
The general manager said, "The two ships have been signed by both parties and are exempted from repair."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“但道理不是一样吗?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "But it makes sense for all ships?"<br />
<br />
总经理说:“你知道你这一条船返修用了我多少美金?上20万哩!”<br />
<br />
The general manager said, "Do you know how many dollars I spent on repairing your ship? Up to 200,000 dollars!"<br />
<br />
“我很抱歉,”贝汉廷说,“我知道四条船索赔,工厂损失是很大的。但如果不修好,那三条船在全世界航行,等于给你的厂做活广告。那样,你的损失不就更大了吗?”<br />
<br />
"I'm sorry," said Bei Hanting, "I know that if four ships claim compensation, the loss of the factory is very great. But if they are not repaired, those three ships will sail all over the world, which is equivalent to advertising your factory. Then, wouldn't your loss be even greater?"<br />
<br />
总经理先是摇头,后是点头,最后抬起头来打量这个个子小小的Captain贝,欣赏起这个好当家人来了。真是:第一流的头脑,外加一副铁腕,好一个铁腕人物啊! 四条船冷藏舱设备返修共花了船厂72万美金哩！<br />
<br />
The general manager shook his head first, then nodded, and finally looked up at the small Captain Bei and appreciated the good expert. He had excellent mind, powerful control. What a strong person! It costed the shipyard 720,000 US dollars to repair the refrigerated cabin equipment of the four ships!<br />
<br />
水手们还十分钦佩地讲起了大吊的故事:<br />
<br />
The sailors also told the story of the cargo handling gear with great admiration:<br />
<br />
在意大利,好像是热那亚港,港口当时正好没岸吊。过去都是借用船上的大吊,喏,用就用呗！好像是已成惯例了。但贝汉廷反复研究各港口的资料,发现那是不合理的。<br />
<br />
In Italy, it seems to be the Port of Genoa, which happened to have no shore tackle at that time. In the past, people in the Port of Genoa used to borrow the cargo handling gear on board. Well, it didn’t matter! It seemed to have become a routine. However, Bei Hanting repeatedly studied the data of various ports and found that it was unreasonable.<br />
<br />
于是他向代理提出:应由货主付费。代理说:“过去都不付呀!”<br />
<br />
So he proposed to the agent that the owner of goods should pay. The agent said, "They didn't pay in the past!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“但那是不合理的。”<br />
<br />
"But that doesn't make sense," Bei Hanting said.<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“你想,买这条船时,大吊是船价的十分之一。用了我的大吊,使了我的人工,磨损了我的钢缆……难道不付费是合理的吗?”<br />
<br />
"Think about it. When you buy a ship, the cargo handling gear is one tenth of the price of the ship. They used my gear, needed my seamen and worn my steel cable... Is it reasonable not to pay?"<br />
<br />
“是不够合理。那好,我去和货主谈谈。”第二天代理来讲,货主同意了,因为 他如不同意付大吊费,他就得到港口申请岸吊,同样得付费用,而且还得等着调配。<br />
<br />
"It’s not reasonable enough. Well, I'll talk to the owner." The next day, the agent said, the owner agreed, because if he didn't agree to pay the fee, he had to go to the port to apply for shore tackle, so he had to pay the same fee, and wait for the deployment.<br />
<br />
第一次大吊费拿到了,有好几万外汇呢!拿到之后,贝汉廷立刻要求以书面形式,将它作为制度固定下来。<br />
<br />
For the first time, they got the fee of using cargo handling gear, which brought them tens of thousands of foreign currencies! After that, Bei Hanting immediately demanded that this had to be fixed as a system in writing.<br />
<br />
拿到书面材料之后,贝汉廷代表公司和代理谈判,要求所有的中国船以后一律 按此办理。<br />
<br />
After receiving the written materials, Bei Hanting, on behalf of the company, negotiated with the agent and asked all Chinese ships to follow this procedure in the future.<br />
<br />
代理说:“你的船,我保证每次如此,但别的船……”<br />
<br />
The agent said, " I can promise your ship’s fees every time, but as for other ships..."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“道理不是ー样的吗? ”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "But it makes sense for all ships."<br />
<br />
谈判的结果,是拿到了港方的书面合同。贝汉廷立即把这份材料寄回上海,由公司报总公司,向世界其他港口交涉,一律照此办理。<br />
<br />
As a result of the negotiation, a written contract from the port was obtained. Bei Hanting immediately sent this material back to Shanghai, so the company reported it to the head office who negotiated with other ports in the world that all of them should do it.<br />
<br />
多么精细,多么科学!完全是科学家的逻辑!然而又多么灵活,多么有办法, 简直像个出色的外交家。<br />
<br />
How delicate and scientific! It's entirely the logic of scientists! However, how flexible and resourceful he is! he is like an excellent diplomat.<br />
<br />
有一次……<br />
<br />
One time...<br />
<br />
还有一次……<br />
<br />
There was another time...<br />
<br />
可惜,无法在这里写下政委、大副、水手们向我讲述的所有的故事,我只能记下他们那钦佩的眼光、赞叹的话语——<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, I can't write down all the stories told to me by the political commissar, the Chief Officer and the sailors here. I can only write down their admiring eyes and words of admiration.<br />
<br />
在海里,贝汉廷像一块冲不动的礁石。<br />
<br />
In the sea, Bei Hanting is like a rock that cannot be washed.<br />
<br />
在岸上,贝汉廷是ー块千锤百炼的钢铁。<br />
<br />
On the shore, Bei Hanting is a piece of steel that has been hammered and tempered many times.<br />
<br />
开起船来,又多么潇洒。“汉川号”在他手里不像条船,倒像个芭蕾舞演员,是那样迷人的优美……<br />
<br />
How cool he is when sailing. The Hanchuan is not like a ship when he navigates it, but like a ballet dancer, charming and beautiful...<br />
<br />
水手们都习惯了,多大的风浪也没有人去向他报告。因为你报告:“九级风呢, 船长!”他会不动声色地看看海面:“有九级吗?我看还好嘛！”“八级浪了,船长!” 他仍不动声色地看看:“有八级吗?我看还好嘛!”贝汉廷懂得一个船长镇定自若的意义,于是再也没有人和他谈风浪问题了。<br />
<br />
Sailors were familiar with him, so no one reported to him about the storm. Because when you reported, "Strong gale, captain!" He would look at the sea calmly: "Is there a strong gale? I think it doesn’t matter" “The waves are very high, captain! "He still looked calmly:" “Are they very high? I think it doesn’t matter!” Bei Hanting understood the meaning of a captain's composure, so no one talked to him about wind and waves anymore.<br />
<br />
只有我这个外行,反复问他:“你老是’还好,还好‘,可几级风浪船就会沉呢?”他沉思地看着我说:“多大的风浪也不会让万吨轮沉的,只有船本身的损坏才会沉船。而只有不懂得船也不懂得大海的船长才会把船搞坏,把船搞沉。”<br />
<br />
Only I, a layman, repeatedly asked him: "You always say ‘It doesn’t matter’, but what kind of storms will sink the ship?" He looked at me thoughtfully and said, "They won’t sink the over 10,000-ton ship. Only the damage of the ship itself will sink a ship. And only the master who doesn't know the ship or the sea will break the ship and sink it."<br />
<br />
好一个“只有不懂得船也不懂得大海的船长オ会把船搞沉”!而船长,master,在做形容词用时,又意味着熟练、精通。<br />
<br />
His words surprised me! And master, when used as an adjective, means skilled and proficient.<br />
<br />
“He is master of his business。”可以这样说:作为国家领导人之一的邓小平和作为船长的贝汉廷,对自己的业务都是那样熟练、精通;面对各自的风浪又都同样镇定自若,勇于驾驭;偏偏在他们各自的航程中,又都具有那种百折不挠、鞠躬尽瘁的主人翁态度。这就难怪贝汉廷有了这样ー个光荣的称号——“邓小平式的船长”。谁能说库克先生们没有眼力呢?<br />
<br />
"He is master of his business." It can be said that Deng Xiaoping, one of the national leaders, and Bei Hanting, a master, are so skilled and proficient in their own business. In the face of their own storms, they are equally calm and brave in controlling things. It happened that in their respective voyages, they all had the attitude of being masters with perseverance and dedication. It is no wonder that Bei Hanting has such a glorious title as "a Deng Xiaoping-style Captain". Who can say that Mr. Cook doesn’t know how to find a talent?<br />
<br />
海员风度<br />
<br />
Seamanship<br />
<br />
"SOS”！ “SOS”！！ “SOS"! ! !<br />
<br />
塞浦路斯商船“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”不断发出紧急呼号。<br />
<br />
Eleyna's Hope, a merchant ship of the Republic of Cyprus, kept sending out emergency calls.<br />
<br />
船长伊柯优斯眼看这艘28年的超龄船,在九级大风袭击中主机不能运转,全船失去控制,海底阀裂损,大量海水涌入机舱,已齐人脖颈,决定发出弃船求救信号。<br />
<br />
Captain Ikeus saw that the 28-year-old ship could not be operated in a strong gale, the whole ship lost control, the submarine valve was cracked, and a large amount of seawater poured into the engine room, leading to neck-deep sea water. He decided to send out a distress signal for abandoning the ship.<br />
<br />
"SOS”！ “SOS”！！ “SOS"! ! !<br />
<br />
全体船员及一名家属已下到救生小艇,小艇被巨浪颠簸得直上直下,完全没有行驶能力。在望远镜里看见远远一只船影,水手们用全部生命凝视着,但黑影渐渐消失。可能是风浪太大,他们自己也在危险之中,不能靠近。<br />
<br />
The crew and a family member have got off the life-saving boat, which was bumped up and down by huge waves and completely incapable of being driven. The sailors saw a distant ship shadow in the telescope, and they pinned all their hopes on it and stared at it, but the shadow gradually disappeared. It may be that the wind and waves were too strong, and they were also in danger, so they can't get close.<br />
<br />
又是一个黑影远远驶去,又是一个远远的黑影……也可能那只是自己希望的幻影吧,船员们已失去获救的信心……<br />
<br />
Another dark shadow was far away, and another... Maybe it was just an illusion of their hope, so the crew has lost confidence in being rescued...<br />
<br />
“滴滴滴,答答答,滴滴滴厂’“汉川号”的一个年轻报务员在呼啸的风暴声中突然收到了“SOS”的求救信号。贝汉廷一跃而起,到海图室查明了难船失事位置,他立即命令:“全体船员进入岗位准备抢救厂’“满舵！全速进!”超高频无线电话从此不断呼叫:“艾琳娜斯霍浦号！我是中国船’汉川号’！前来救助,请回答,请回答！！”<br />
<br />
"Beep, beep, beep!" A young radio operator of the Hanchuan suddenly received a distress signal of “SOS” in the howling storm. Bei Hanting jumped up and went to the chart room to find out the location of the shipwreck. He immediately ordered: "All crew members prepare to rescue another ship!" "Hard rudder! Go forward at full speed!" The UHF wireless telephone has been called all the time since then: "Eleyna's Hope! I am the Chinese ship Hanchuan! We come to rescue you, please answer, please answer!!"<br />
<br />
一片静默。遇难船早已失去全部通讯能力。<br />
<br />
There was silence. The wrecked ship has long lost all communication capability.<br />
<br />
当“汉川号”驶近难船时,只见它船身已右倾三十多度,船尾下沉。在十分危险的状态里,正在狂风暴雪中哑然下沉,下沉……当“汉川号”好不容易驶近救生 艇时,一个压顶巨浪把它打回遇难船的舷旁去了。四次驶近,四次打开,贝汉廷下令在它周围游弋等待。直到ー个多小时后,第五次驶近时,老水手王敬元一直捏在手中的粗尼龙撇缆绳,オ好像脱弦之箭顶风穿雪疾飞过去,被难船水手接住……<br />
<br />
When the Hanchuan approached the shipwreck, its hull had turned more than 30 degrees to the right and its stern sank. In a very dangerous state, it was sinking in the storm and a blizzard... When the Hanchuan finally approached the lifeboat, a huge wave slapped against it back to the side of the wrecked ship’s starboard. They had tried four times, but they failed, so Bei Hanting ordered to wait around it. After more than an hour later, when they approached for the fifth time, the thick nylon cable in the hands of the experienced sailor Wang Jingyuan was thrown, as if it was an arrow taking off the string and flying through the snow against the wind and it was caught by sailors of the shipwreck...<br />
<br />
这时,只有这时,贝汉廷才腾出空儿来回答整个地中海东部塞得港、马耳他、雅典、塞浦路斯电台及附近船舶的互相呼号:“我是中国’汉川号’,现在’艾琳娜斯霍浦号’的船员已安全登上我船,请放心,谢谢……”<br />
<br />
At this time, and at this time, Bei Hanting answered the calls of all the eastern Mediterranean, Port Said, Malta, Athens, Cyprus radio stations and nearby ships: "I am the Chinese Hanchuan, and now the crew of the Eleyna's Hope have safely boarded my ship. Please rest assured, thank you...”<br />
<br />
但是,“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”船长伊柯优斯却迟迟不肯上到“汉川号”。他和三个船员留在他的小艇中一再坚持靠拢难船。贝汉廷在风浪中再三向他疾呼:“危险! 危险! !”但看到他那样坚持,考虑到他仍坐在自己的救生艇上,他还是“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”的船长,有权做出自己的决定。因此只能劝慰他:“作为一个船长,我很了解你的处境和心情。我一定在旁守护,在旁守护!在旁一守护!！”小艇时起时伏 地在巨浪的峰波间摇晃着离去!“汉川号”始终在旁边巡回游弋……<br />
<br />
However, Ikeus, the captain of the Eleyna's Hope, refused to get on the Hanchuan. He and three crew members stayed in his boat and insisted on getting close to the shipwreck again and again. Bei Hanting repeatedly cried to him in the wind and waves: "Danger! Danger!!" But seeing his insistence, Bei considers that he is still sitting in his lifeboat, and he is still the captain of the Eleyna's Hope and has the right to make his own decisions. Therefore, he can only comfort him: "As a captain, I know your situation and mood very well. I will guard you, guard you! Guard you by the side!!" From time to time, the boat swayed away between the huge crested waves! The Hanchuan was always touring around...<br />
<br />
17点多,夜幕即将降临,九级的西北风把浪和雪卷上阴暗的高空,风在白茫茫的海上打转,海浪呼啸怒吼,贝汉廷开始忧虑地用汽笛和高音喇叭招呼那位守职的船长。17点24分,小艇终于再次靠近“汉川号”。贝汉廷特地到甲板上去迎接这位不幸的希腊同行。当伊柯优斯得知“汉川号”正在驶往伦敦途中时,他一再要求:<br />
<br />
At more than 17 o'clock, night was about to come, and the strong northwest gale swept the waves and snow up into the dark sky. The wind swirled in the white sea, and the waves roared. Bei Hanting began to greet the captain who kept his duty anxiously with his whistle and loudspeaker. At 17:24, the boat finally approached the Hanchuan again. Bei Hanting went to the deck to meet the unfortunate Greek counterpart. When Ikeus learned that the Hanchuan was on its way to London, he repeatedly asked:<br />
<br />
“请继续留在遇险船边,因为我必须守候它沉没。在它沉没后,请把我和我的 船员送到希腊克里特岛登岸。”<br />
<br />
"Please stay by the ship in distress, because I must wait for it to sink. After it sinks, please send me and my crew to Crete, Greece."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷,这位在他的航海日志上没有误过一天航期的船长,抢船期抢得没有一次是在港口休息日停泊记录的精细至极的船长,这时却毫不迟疑地答应了。考虑到<br />
<br />
==卷二：1.目录 Volume2: 1. Contents==<br />
<br />
卷一<br />
<br />
Volume One<br />
<br />
序 李炳银/001<br />
<br />
Preface by Li Bingyin/001<br />
<br />
哥德巴赫猜想 徐 迟/001<br />
<br />
Goldbach’s Conjecture by Xu Chi/001<br />
<br />
船长 柯岩/021<br />
<br />
Master by Ke Yan/021<br />
<br />
痴情 理由/040<br />
<br />
Obsession by Li You/040<br />
<br />
中国姑娘 鲁光/ 086<br />
<br />
Chinese Girls by Lu Guang/086<br />
<br />
三门李逸闻 乔迈/ 138<br />
<br />
Sanmen Li Anecdotes by Qiao Mai/138<br />
<br />
胡杨泪 孟晓云/ 150<br />
<br />
Tears of Populus Euphratica by Meng Xiaoyun/150<br />
<br />
原野在呼唤 王兆军/ 163<br />
<br />
The Fields Were Calling by Wang Zhaojun/163<br />
<br />
热血男儿 李士非/ 183<br />
<br />
Hot-blooded Man by Li Shifei/183<br />
<br />
卷二<br />
<br />
Volume Two<br />
<br />
中国农民大趋势（节选）李延国/219<br />
<br />
General Trend for Chinese Farmers (Excerpt) by Li Yanguo/219<br />
<br />
理论狂人 陈祖芬/261<br />
<br />
Theory Fanatic by Chen Zufen/261<br />
<br />
神圣忧思录 张 敏/283<br />
<br />
A Deliberation on the Divine by Zhang Min/283<br />
<br />
强国梦（节选）赵瑜/315<br />
<br />
The Dream of Great Power (Excerpt) by Zhao Yu/315<br />
<br />
伐木者,醒来!（节选）徐 刚/358<br />
<br />
Wake up, Loggers! (Excerpt) by Xu Gang/358<br />
<br />
步鑫生现象的反思 周嘉俊/397 <br />
<br />
Reflection on the Bu Xinsheng Phenomenon by Zhou Jiajun/397<br />
<br />
卷三<br />
<br />
Volume Three<br />
<br />
昆山之路 杨守松/ 425<br />
<br />
The Road to Kunshan by Yang Shousong/425<br />
<br />
飞向太空港（节选）李鸣生/465<br />
<br />
Flying to the Spaceport (Excerpt) by Li Mingsheng/465<br />
<br />
东方风来满眼春 陈锡添/526<br />
<br />
Vigor of Spring Greets the Eyes as the Warm Wind Comes by Chen Xitian/526<br />
<br />
好梦将圆时 江永红/539<br />
<br />
When Good Dreams Come True by Jiang Yonghong/539<br />
<br />
智慧风暴（节选）王宏甲/573<br />
<br />
The Storm of Wisdom (Excerpt) by Wang Hongjia/573<br />
<br />
卷四<br />
<br />
Volume Four<br />
<br />
4万:400万的牵挂 张雅文/ 625<br />
<br />
Zhang Yawen/625<br />
<br />
香港回归祖国10周年回眸 长 江/ 670<br />
<br />
A Look Back at the 10th Anniversary of Hong Kong's Return to China by Chang Jiang/670<br />
<br />
木棉花开 李春雷/695<br />
<br />
Kapok in Bloom by Li Chunlei/695<br />
<br />
休息的革命（缩写本）王宏甲 刘 建/716<br />
<br />
Revolution of Rest by Wang Hongjia (Abridged version), Liu Jian/716<br />
<br />
闪着泪光的事业 蒋 巍/758<br />
<br />
The Career with Tears by Jiang Wei/758<br />
<br />
让百姓做主 朱晓军 李英/ 777<br />
<br />
Let Common People Decide by Zhu Xiaojun, Li Ying/777<br />
<br />
难回故里 郭冬/817<br />
<br />
Guo Dong/817<br />
<br />
卷五<br />
<br />
Volume Five<br />
<br />
国家 何建明/855<br />
<br />
The Country by He Jianming/855<br />
<br />
蛟龙探海（节选）许 晨/ 915<br />
<br />
Xu Chen/915<br />
<br />
袁隆平的世界（节选）陈启文/950<br />
<br />
Yuan Longping's World (Excerpt) by Chen Qiwen/950<br />
<br />
“神舟”天路 兰宁远/ 1011<br />
<br />
The Long Journey of“Shenzhou”to Space by Lan Ningyuan/1011<br />
<br />
智慧之翼 李青松/ 1044<br />
<br />
Intelligent Wing by Li Qingsong/1044<br />
<br />
附录 改革开放四十年优秀报告文学存目/ 1060<br />
<br />
==卷二：2.中国农民大趋势 Volume 2: 2.General Trend for Chinese Farmers==<br />
<br />
中国农民大趋势<br />
<br />
General Trend for Chinese Farmers<br />
<br />
胶东风情录（节选）<br />
<br />
Stories in Jiaodong (excerpt)<br />
<br />
李延国<br />
<br />
Li Yanguo<br />
<br />
第一章 相会在北京（I changed オ目 with 相）<br />
<br />
Chapter One Meeting in Beijing<br />
<br />
初春。北京电影制片厂。<br />
<br />
In early spring. In Beijing Film Studio.<br />
<br />
我住在这个厂招待所的一间斗室里,正没完没了地修改ー个电影文学剧本。 一天,值班室的服务员用扩音器通知我:有客人来找。<br />
<br />
I lived in a small room in this factory’s guest house, where I was constantly revising a film literature script. One day, the attendant in the duty room informed me through a megaphone that some guests came for me.<br />
<br />
我走下楼去。几个身穿呢料制服的男子汉正等候在那里。<br />
<br />
I went downstairs. Several men in woolen uniforms were waiting there.<br />
<br />
“弟弟!”我一下把他从人群中辨认出来,他那黝黑的、已经被岁月的犁铮犁出了沟痕的面孔,刚经修饰,显得容光焕发。他彬彬有礼地上前来同我握手,向我介绍同来的人们。他们的神采和装束使我大为惊讶,要知道,他们是文学概念中的“庄稼汉”呀!<br />
<br />
"Brother!" I recognized him from the crowd at once. His dark face, which had been furrowed by the plows of years, had just been taken good care of, so he looked radiant. He came politely to shake hands with me and introduce me to the people who came with him. Their looks and costumes surprised me greatly. You know, they are "plowmen" if you describe them with the words in literature! <br />
<br />
“你们怎么来的?”<br />
<br />
"How did you come?"<br />
<br />
“自己带的车!”他指指外面的“吉普”。<br />
<br />
"My own car!" He pointed to the Jeep outside.<br />
<br />
两千多里路,他们竟然坐上了“专车”。<br />
<br />
There were more than 2,000 miles, but they should enjoy the tailored taxi service.<br />
<br />
“你们要去哪里?”<br />
<br />
"Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“深圳!”<br />
<br />
"Shenzhen!"<br />
<br />
“到深圳做什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are you doing in Shenzhen?"<br />
<br />
“考察!”<br />
<br />
"Investigation!"<br />
<br />
故乡,在我的情思里,那是黄昏的茅屋上一缕淡淡的炊烟,那是黎明的原野上一声悠长的牛叫,那是父亲头上一顶破了边的草帽,那是母亲褪色的衣襟上一块杂色补丁,那是弟弟一双饥饿的眼睛,那是妹妹辫子上一根粗糙的头绳……眼前的景象,使我无法和过去联系起来。<br />
<br />
I had a lingering affection for my hometown. When the thought of it came to me, a faint wisp of smoke from kitchen chimneys on the hut at dusk, a long cow bark on the plain at dawn, a straw hat with a broken edge on my father's head, a variegated patch on my mother's faded skirt, a pair of eyes of my younger brother showing his hunger, and a rough head band on my sister's braid sprang to my mind... But the sight before me made me unable to connect it with the past.<br />
<br />
“你们办好去边境的手续了吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have you completed the formalities for going to the border?"<br />
<br />
“办好了！”<br />
<br />
"Yes!"<br />
<br />
“坐火车去吗?”<br />
<br />
"Will you go by train?"<br />
<br />
“不,坐飞机去!”<br />
<br />
"No, we’ll go by plane!"<br />
<br />
“你们是怎样买到飞机票的?”<br />
<br />
"How did you get air tickets?"<br />
<br />
“作家协会的一位同志帮忙买的。”<br />
<br />
"A comrade of the China Writers Association helped us to buy it."<br />
<br />
我从一个农民走上文坛,足足用了二十多年的工夫,那是一条漫长的路,我仿佛觉得,这条路已经离开家乡很远很远,不料想,兄弟们斜刺里从青纱帐杀了出来, 竟一下子冲进了这个世界的核心部位。<br />
<br />
It took me more than 20 years to walk into the literary world from a farmer. It was a long road, on which I seemed to feel that I had left my hometown for a long time. Unexpectedly, my brothers ran from a field suddenly and rushed into the core of the world at once.<br />
<br />
他们这一行,是由年轻的镇委书记谢玉堂带领的,其中包括已经声名大震的农民企业家李德海等。他们去深圳不仅是为了开开眼界,原来家乡在那里是投了资的,一甩手拿出几十万、上百万元,现在他们将以“股东”的身份走在深圳繁华的街市上,从那个窗口去瞭望世界!<br />
<br />
They are led by Xie Yutang, a young Township Committee secretary, and they are accompanied by Li Dehai, a famous farmer entrepreneur. They go to Shenzhen not only to widen their horizons. Originally, our hometown invested hundreds of thousands and millions of yuan there, so now they will walk in the bustling Shenzhen as shareholders and look at the world from that window!<br />
<br />
我不知该怎样招待他们这些“天外来客”。<br />
<br />
I didn't know how to entertain these "men who fell to earth".<br />
<br />
我忽然想到了我的优势:“我领你们去看看摄影棚吧,里面在拍电影,挺好玩的。”<br />
<br />
I suddenly thought of a things I was good at: "Let me show you the studio, where movies are being made, which is quite fun."<br />
<br />
他们一行人顿时变成了“中国农民电影考察团”,随我向摄影棚走去。艺术对他们曾是遥远的、朦胧的,今天他们要走近前去看个仔细。<br />
<br />
They suddenly turned into a "Chinese Farmers Film Investigation Group" and followed me to the studio. Art used to be far away and obscure to them. Today they should come closer and take a closer look.<br />
<br />
我们被挡在摄影棚巨大的铁门外边,这里的制度是严格的,参观的人需经厂保卫科批准。<br />
<br />
We were kept out of the huge iron gate of the studio. The system here was strict, and visitors need to be approved by the factory security department.<br />
<br />
“中国农民电影考察团”被尴尬地晒在那里。<br />
<br />
The "Chinese Farmers Film Investigation Group" was embarrassed there.<br />
<br />
我忽然又想起了另ー个优势:“去看看'北影一条街’吧！”<br />
<br />
I suddenly remembered another place I was familiar with: "Let’s visit the Beijing Film Studio Street!"<br />
<br />
“北影一条街”是ー个半永久性的露天布景,坐落在厂院后区,巧夺天工的美工师们在这里搭起了具有古典风格的店铺、楼阁、墙垒。走在这里,像走进了陈旧的岁月之中。《垂帘听政》《海囚》《双雄会》《骆驼祥子》等等许多撼动人心的历史场面都是在这里拍摄出来的,中国农民在这里扮演了屈辱和失败的角色！<br />
<br />
It was a semi-permanent open-air set, which was located in the back area of the factory yard, where wonderful art designers set up shops, pavilions and walls with classical style. Walking here was like walking into the past. Many shocking historical scenes, such as Holding Court from behind a Screen, Captives, Shuang Xiong Hui and Camel Xiangzi, were filmed here, where Chinese farmers played the role of humiliation and failure!<br />
<br />
农民兄弟们巨大的步幅,很快把这一条小小的街道丈量完了,他们好奇地转到布景的后面,ー个个不禁哑然失笑:“都是假的呀!”<br />
<br />
They made huge strides so that they quickly visited this small street. They turned curiously to the back of the set, and all of them couldn't help laughing: "It's all fake!"<br />
<br />
没有什么事情能唤起他们的兴趣。我决意尽主人之道,把他们领到北影小食堂狠狠来上一顿,花个三十二十的！<br />
<br />
Nothing can arouse their interest. I was determined to do the honors, and lead them to our canteen to have a good meal, which will cost twenty or thirty yuan!<br />
<br />
“不,跟我们去吧！”他们反客为主。<br />
<br />
"No, come with us!" They turned passivity into activity.<br />
<br />
“去哪里?”<br />
<br />
"Where?"<br />
<br />
“小洞天,西餐!”<br />
<br />
"Xiaodongtian, which sells western food!"<br />
<br />
我简直是五体投地！我想象不出来,他们是怎么睁大寻觅的眼睛,在偌大的北京城找到了那个藏在地缝里的“小洞天”的。<br />
<br />
I swept my feet by them! I couldn't imagine how they kept their eyes wide open to find it hidden in the crevice of the ground in the vast Beijing.<br />
<br />
我的兄弟们在我面前变得陌生了,这一切变化是怎样开始的?是谁给了他们这新的风采、新的气质?<br />
<br />
My brothers have become strangers before me. How did all this change begin? Who gave them this new style and temperament?<br />
<br />
他们似乎在追赶着什么一乘上飞机,用超音速……<br />
<br />
They seem to be chasing something by plane at supersonic speed...<br />
<br />
文学,将仰首注视他们!<br />
<br />
Literature will look up at them!<br />
<br />
中国,是世界上拥有农民最多的国家,谁不了解当代的中国农民的变化,谁就不了解当代的中国。<br />
<br />
China is the country with the largest number of farmers in the world. Whoever does not understand the changes of contemporary Chinese farmers will not understand contemporary China.<br />
<br />
传统的农民观念在我的头脑里发生了动摇。<br />
<br />
The traditional concept about farmers has shaken in my mind.<br />
<br />
到胶东去!<br />
<br />
Go to Jiaodong!<br />
<br />
到故乡去!<br />
<br />
Go to hometown!<br />
<br />
第二章故乡之门<br />
<br />
Chapter 2 The Gate of Hometown<br />
<br />
烟台,我的故乡。<br />
<br />
Yantai is my hometown.<br />
<br />
据说,这是一个没有待业青年的城市。一位空军战斗英雄在这里担任副市长; 一位从北京招聘来的硕士研究生被委任为市委宣传部长（他们都是胶东的儿子）；留职停薪的教师开办旅游开发公司,市政府领导亲临剪彩;上海交通大学的几位校 友创办烟台思源新技术开发公司,经济学家于光远发来贺电;新建的电视台将于7月1日开播;集资兴办的综合性的烟台大学正在开挖地基;现代化的海上游乐园正在崆峒岛上破土动工;东郊的飞机场、西郊的高速公路正在筹建之中；那些农民办的饭店、旅馆、商场、烤鸭店、运输公司更是兴隆昌盛……真个是:昨梦乘风破浪去, 满山灯火是烟台。（I changed 啞桐 with 崆峒）<br />
<br />
It is said that this is a city without unemployed youth. An Air Force hero served as deputy mayor here. A graduate student recruited from Beijing was appointed as municipal party committee propaganda department minister (they are all residents of Jiaodong). Teachers who stayed without pay set up tourism development companies, and leaders of the municipal government cut the ribbon in person. Several alumni of Shanghai Jiaotong University founded Yantai Siyuan New Technology Development Company, and economist Yu Guangyuan sent a congratulatory message. The newly built TV station will start broadcasting on July 1. The comprehensive Yantai University, which received funds, is excavating the foundation. The modern sea amusement park is breaking ground on kongtong island. The airport in the eastern suburbs and the expressway in the western suburbs are under construction. Those restaurants, hotels, shopping malls, roast duck stores and transportation companies run by farmers are even more prosperous... No matter how rich they are, all they dream, miss and think about are Yantai.<br />
<br />
当天晚上,市委书记王济夫同志来到宾馆。凡来烟台的学者、作家、画家、书法 家、记者、编辑、科学家,他总要抽空来看望。他身上兼有军人的敏捷和学者的优雅,讲话却又充满诗人的激情,那浓重的乡音,又使我如见故里。<br />
<br />
That evening, Comrade Wang Jifu, Party Secretary, came to the hotel. He always takes time to visit scholars, writers, painters, calligraphers, journalists, editors and scientists who come to Yantai. He has the agility of a soldier and the elegance of a scholar, but his speech is full of the passion of a poet. When hearing his strong local accent, I feel like I’m in my hometown.<br />
<br />
他也是胶东当代的一个传奇人物。他一会儿身穿西服登上党代会的主席台,一会儿在宾馆和外商洽谈大型旅游服务系统的投资,一会儿又拉着商业局长深入个体饮食店解决原料供应,一会儿又到新成立的画院和画家们评论新作,一会儿又到某郊区县为农民企业家发表辩护演说……此刻为迎接对外开放,他刚刚从海湾对面的姊妹城市一大连考察回来,毫无倦意地坐在沙发上。<br />
<br />
He is also a contemporary legend in Jiaodong. He wore a suit and boarded the rostrum of the National Congress of the Communist Party of China. He discussed the investment of large-scale tourism service system with foreign businessmen in hotels. He took the commercial director to deeply understand individual restaurants to solve the supply of raw materials. He went to the newly established painting academy to comment on new works with painters. He went to a suburban county to give a defense speech for farmer entrepreneurs... At the moment, in order to embrace the opening to the outside world, he investigated in Dalian, a sister city across the bay, and just now he came back, sitting on the sofa without tiredness.<br />
<br />
“最近写些什么作品了?”他拍拍我刚送给他的《在这片国土上》的单行本,“你很少回家,应该回来看看我们这片乡土。这是一片烈士洒过鲜血的土地,今天发生了翻天覆地的变化。你应该看看农民怎样变成企业家的。”他边说边挥动手臂,仿佛这不是在屋里,而是在ー个视野开阔的制高点上,“'牟平七雄’’蓬莱八仙’’黄县五杰’’栖霞三能’……他们都是一窝子一窝子的。英雄无独有偶,都是竞争出来的。三中全会造就了一大批英雄,你应该去看看他们怎样跟着三中全会的旗帜, 改变了自己的命运。现在的家乡,可不是昔日的家乡了;现在的农业,可不是传统的农业了;现在的农民,可不是当年鲁迅笔下的阿Q、赵树理笔下的李有才,也不是高晓声笔下的陈奂生了。就是说,这个深刻变化不仅发生在地貌上、生产关系上, 也发生在人的灵魂深处,动摇了很多传统的东西……”<br />
<br />
"What have you written recently?" He patted the offprint In This Motherland I just gave him. "You seldom go home, so you should come back and see our native land. This is a land where martyrs have sacrificed their life, and the changes are beyond recognition today. You should see how farmers become entrepreneurs." As he spoke, he waved his arms, as if this was not in the house, but on a commanding height with a wide field of vision. "Seven Heroes in Muping, Eight Immortals in Penglai City, Five Heroes in Huang County and Three Advantages in Qixia... They all occur in our hometown. There is not only one hero. They are nurtured because of competition. The Third Plenary Session brought up a large number of heroes. You should see how they followed the directions of the Third Plenary Session and changed their own destiny. The present hometown is not the former one. Today's agriculture is not traditional agriculture. Today's farmers are not Ah Q written by Lu Xun, Li Youyu written by Zhao Shuli, or Chen Huansheng written by Gao Xiaosheng. That is to say, this profound change occurs not only in landform and production relations, but also in the depths of people's souls, changing many traditional things..."<br />
<br />
来也匆匆,去也匆匆。他走下楼去,站到汽车门前,海风掀起他黑色的衣襟,像鼓起的船帆。他回头说:<br />
<br />
He comes and goes in a hurry. He went downstairs and stood in front of the car. The sea breeze lifted his black clothes like a bulging sail. He turned back and said:<br />
<br />
“人是复杂的,文学也应该是复杂的。唱改革者之歌的时候,不要忘记他们的辛酸、他们的磨难。任何一项改革都不是在笔直的路上走的……”<br />
<br />
"People are complex, so should literature. When we are in the process of reform, we should not forget their bitterness and hardships. No reform is easy..."<br />
<br />
车走了,仲夏的海滨卷起一阵旋风。<br />
<br />
The car left, and a whirlwind rolled up on the seashore in midsummer.<br />
<br />
好有力的旋风啊!<br />
<br />
What a powerful whirlwind!<br />
<br />
第三章走进蓬莱仙境<br />
<br />
Chapter 3 Walking into Penglai Wonderland<br />
<br />
蓬莱阁上<br />
<br />
Penglai Pavilion<br />
<br />
——神话今说<br />
<br />
—Talking about Myth Today<br />
<br />
蓬莱,民族英雄戚继光的故乡,八仙过海传说的发祥地,你把魂魄凝聚在小小的蓬莱阁上。不是吗?要不,在这里只做过五天知府的苏东坡为什么留下了“东方云海空复空,群仙出没空明中”的诗句?为什么远离热土的老华侨要登临神堂烧上一炷香烛?为什么那些蓝眼睛的异国人要在参天的古柏前留一帧小照?<br />
<br />
Penglai City, the hometown of national hero Qi Jiguang and the place producing the legend of The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea, you condense your soul on the small Penglai Pavilion. Isn't it? Otherwise, why did Su Dongpo, who has only been a magistrate of a prefecture here for five days, leave the poem "I imagine clouds in the Eastern Sea is empty, but the immortals appear in quietness"? Why do old overseas Chinese who are far away from motherland go to the temple to burn incense? Why do those blue-eyed foreigners leave a small picture in front of ancient towering pine trees?<br />
<br />
在我登上这座建筑在民族心理上九百余年的仙阁时,适逢ー批外国友人乘兴游览,导游员刘妍,一位端庄聪颖的农民女儿（她爱好田径,学过武术,酷爱外语）,带领他们穿行在神话传说的历史中。<br />
<br />
When I stood in this fairy pavilion, which has been built for more than 900 years, it coincided with a group of foreign friends enjoying the tour. The tour guide Liu Yan, a dignified and intelligent woman whose father is a farmer (she loves athletics and foreign languages, and has studied martial arts), led them through the history of myths and legends.<br />
<br />
“请问刘小姐,这里为什么叫蓬莱呢?”<br />
<br />
"Excuse me, Miss Liu, why is this place called Penglai?"<br />
<br />
“据说,当年秦始皇为了求长生不老药,曾来到这里,他突然发现海里有一片赤色,就连忙问随行的方士:’那是什么?’方士答道:'那是仙岛。’秦始皇又问:'那仙岛叫什么名字?’方士回答不上来,慌乱中发现海水里有一片海草,'蓬’和'莱’都是草名,方士就顺ロ应付说:'蓬莱。’从此,蓬莱仙岛这个名字就流传开了……”<br />
<br />
"It is said that Qin Shi Huang came here in order to seek elixir of life. He suddenly found that there was red color in the sea, so he quickly asked the accompanying alchemist: 'What is that?' The alchemist replied, 'That's an island for immortals.' Qin Shihuang asked again, 'What's the name of it?' The alchemist couldn't answer that. In panic, he found that there was a piece of seaweed in the sea. 'Peng' and 'Lai' were both grass names, so the alchemist responded, 'Penglai.' Since then, the name Penglai Immortal Island has spread..."<br />
<br />
“刘小姐,您刚オ说,八仙过海中的八位神仙,是在蓬莱阁上喝醉了酒之后飘然过海……请问,他们过海到哪里去了?”<br />
<br />
"Miss Liu, you just said that the eight immortals who crossed the sea were drunk on Penglai Pavilion and flew above the sea... Excuse me, where did they go after crossing the sea?"<br />
<br />
“传说很多。不过,今天的蓬莱农村,发生了翻天覆地的变化,我想,八位仙人 一定是留恋人间的新生活,投胎为农民企业家、专业户、个体户。如果先生和女士们有兴趣,不妨到蓬莱农村一游……”<br />
<br />
"There are many legends. However, great changes have taken place in Penglai's rural areas today. I think the eight immortals must be nostalgic for the new life in the world and reborn as farmer entrepreneurs, family which engages in a specialized trade and self-employed entrepreneurs. Gentlemen and ladies, if you are interested in these changes, why not visit rural areas in Penglai?"<br />
<br />
<br />
刘妍莞尔一笑,博得一阵喝彩! 一位外宾说:<br />
<br />
Liu Yan smiled and got a big round of applause! A foreign guest said:<br />
<br />
“刘小姐,你可以做何仙姑了!”<br />
<br />
"Miss Liu, you can be He Xiangu (one of the Eight Immortals)!"<br />
<br />
伊甸园的葡萄熟了<br />
<br />
Grapes in Garden of Eden are Ripe<br />
<br />
——商品生产观念的形成<br />
<br />
—The formation of the commodity production concept<br />
<br />
今天,庄户人的自给自足的传统观念像雪山一样崩塌了!<br />
<br />
Today, the traditional concept of self-sufficiency of farmers has been greatly changed!<br />
<br />
大姜家大队的300亩葡萄园,就曾经是一个和传统观念搏斗的战场！<br />
<br />
The 300-mu (a unit of measurement in China) vineyard of the Jiang family was once a battlefield, on which people fought against traditional ideas!<br />
<br />
开始,28岁的支部书记姜世谭,决定根据三中全会精神调整农业内部结构,拿出西南洼110亩水浇地改种葡萄,立时受到围攻,上面点名,下面咒骂,连老父亲也质问他:“现在国家提高粮价,你去种什么葡萄?”<br />
<br />
At first, Jiang Shitan, the 28-year-old Party branch secretary, decided to adjust the internal structure of agriculture according to the spirit of the Third Plenary Session, and took out 110 mu of irrigated cropland in the southwest area to replant grapes. He was immediately besieged. His superiors named and shamed him and the ordinary people cursed him out. Even his old father questioned him: "Now the country has raised food prices, why do you plant grapes?"<br />
<br />
为了使葡萄园方方正正,还要耕掉50亩漫脚面的麦苗,于是老队长姜世希领着四个生产队长和姜世谭滚打在ー起:<br />
<br />
In order to make grapes grow vertically, it was necessary to remove 50 mu of wheat seedlings that had grown a little, so the old captain Jiang Shixi led four production captains to fight with Jiang Shitan:<br />
<br />
“败家子儿！这是四五万斤麦子呀!”<br />
<br />
"You black sheep! This is 40,000 to 50,000 jin of wheat!"<br />
<br />
“老祖宗撇下这么点好地,你穷作!”<br />
<br />
"The ancestors left such a good place, but you miss this opportunity!"<br />
<br />
“你不是吃人饭长的……”<br />
<br />
"Didn't you grow up eating rice?"<br />
<br />
姜世谭被逼成个“红眼狼”,鞭子一甩:“耕!”他推着雪亮的犁刀,绿生生的麦苗被翻到地下去了！<br />
<br />
Jiang Shitan was forced into a "red-eyed wolf" (a person who is greedy) and whipped: "Plow!" He pulled the sharp plow, and the green wheat seedlings were buried!<br />
<br />
1983年秋天,葡萄熟了,一嘟噜一串地压满了架子,听听那些名字吧:龙眼、泽香、白茹、枣晶、贵人香、赤霞珠……姜世谭把全村老少六百口子请了来:<br />
<br />
In the autumn of 1983, the grapes were ripe, and the trellises were filled with grapes. Listen to those names of grapes: Longyan, Zexiang, Bairu, Zaojing, Guirenxiang, Chixiazhu... Jiang Shitan invited 600 people from all over the village:<br />
<br />
“今天请乡亲们来吃葡萄！一百多个品种管尝！大家边吃,边算一笔账,按市价这一嘟噜葡萄能卖一块钱,大家可以数数有多少嘟噜……”<br />
<br />
"Today, I want to invite you villagers to eat grapes! There are more than 100 varieties for you! You can eat and calculate the accounts. According to the market price, a bunch of grapes can sell for one yuan. You can count how many bunches of grapes..."<br />
<br />
数得过来吗?<br />
<br />
Can you count them all?<br />
<br />
最后的账目还是由会计算出来的,一亩葡萄的收益相当于1万斤小麦,100多亩葡萄超过了全村1500亩粮田的总收入！<br />
<br />
The final account was calculated by the accountant. The income of 1 mu of grapes was equivalent to 10,000 jin of wheat, and the income of more than 100 mu of grapes exceeded the total income of 1,500 mu of grain fields in the village!<br />
<br />
伊甸园的葡萄熟了,大姜家人的思想飞跃了！<br />
<br />
The grapes in the Garden of Eden were ripe, and the Jiang family had progressive thoughts!<br />
<br />
姜世谭又来了第二个惊险的跳跃:建立食品加工厂,生产葡萄罐头,增值！<br />
<br />
Jiang Shitan met the second thrilling challenge: setting up a food processing factory and producing canned grapes so as to increase the value of grapes!<br />
<br />
食品厂在斗争中建起来了,开工40天,产值就达14万元。<br />
<br />
The food factory was built in a struggle. The output value reached 140,000 yuan after 40 days of operating.<br />
<br />
“凡是要改革ー项事情,总是有阻力。毛主席去世后,两个’凡是’听得多顺溜? 一说毛主席有错误有缺点,农民根本不承认这个事。搞大包干、责任制,可又舍不得丢掉大锅饭;要搞商品生产,阻力更大,这次改革是农民改行呀!农民做工, 书记当经理。过去是春天捅一棍,秋天吃一顿,现在像《霍元甲》主题歌里唱的: ’沉睡百年,国人渐已醒,睁开眼吧,抬头看吧’,和几千年的小农生产方式决裂了。”<br />
<br />
"There are always obstacles whatever things we want to reform. After Chairman Mao's death, we are used to listening to 'Two Whatevers' (it refers to the statement that we will resolutely uphold whatever policy decisions Chairman Mao made, and unswervingly follow whatever instructions Chairman Mao gave). When Chairman Mao is said to have made mistakes and shortcomings, farmers simply refuse to admit it. When we introduce the household responsibility system, farmers still want to mess together to eat food prepared in a large canteen. It’s more difficult if we want to carry out commodity production. This reform will push farmers to change their careers! Farmers do the work, and secretaries are managers. In the past, farmers worked in spring and harvested in autumn. Now, as the theme song of Fearless sings: 'After a hundred years of sleeping, Chinese people have gradually woken up. Open your eyes and look up'. Now it is totally different from the peasant mode of production for thousands of years. "<br />
<br />
草店流行红裙子<br />
<br />
Red Skirts are Popular in Forage Store<br />
<br />
——生活秩序、审美心理一见<br />
<br />
—Life Order and Aesthetic Psychology can be Found<br />
<br />
一走进草店大队,不时地看到ー些穿红裙子的姑娘,那么惹目。<br />
<br />
As soon as I walk into the production brigade of forage store, I see some girls in red skirts from time to time, who catch my eye.<br />
<br />
她们来自何方?<br />
<br />
Where do they come from?<br />
<br />
两年前,党支部书记王明福六进天津请来ー个病休的女工程师,一下子给她涨了20级工资（月工资300元,路费、生活费全包）,建起了一个染线厂。结果是:请了一个人,办了一个厂,富了一个村。后来又在染线厂的基础上办起了羊毛衫厂。整个草店的生活秩序改变了,实行生产责任制后的两个“剩余”（剩余劳力、剩余时间）变成了两个“紧张”,又从外村雇用了 500多劳力,都是年轻的农村姑娘。<br />
<br />
Two years ago, Wang Mingfu, the Party branch secretary, hired a female engineer on sick leave in Tianjin, suddenly gave her a 20-fold increase in salary (her monthly salary was 300 yuan, and travel expenses and living expenses are all included), and set up a dyeing factory. As a result, a person was hired, a factory was set up, and a village was rich. Later, a wool sweater factory was set up thanks to the dyeing factory. The life order of the whole forage store has changed. After the implementation of the production responsibility system, the two "surpluses" (surplus labor and surplus labor time) have become two "tensions", so more than 500 laborers have been employed from other villages, all of whom were young rural girls.<br />
<br />
这些来自南庄北疃的姑娘们,一开始是带着一些羞涩和矜持走上草店那带有路灯的、25米宽的大路的。可是织布机很快改变了老一辈留给她们的旧有的生活节奏。她们不再像父辈们那样,日出而作,日落而息。这个“不夜村”里,她们见面不再用父辈的“上山下山”,而是互相招呼着:“你夜班?”“你白班?”“你上班?”“你下班?”每当说着的时候,你可以看出她们内心的自豪和欢悦。她们也像城里人ー 样,提兜里装上一个铝饭盒,吃饭的时候聚在ー起,说着班上的一些事情。她们织出的羊毛衫印上蓬莱阁图案,运到了东北、陕北、山西、河南……她们的审美观已不满足于过去的头上插一朵野花、扎一根红头绳,现在她们用自己挣的工资买来了最时兴的红裙子。（I changed 瞳 with 疃）<br />
<br />
These girls from villages across China started to walk on the 25-meter-wide road with street lamps in the forage store with some shyness and reserve. However, the loom quickly changed the old life rhythm left by the older generation. They no longer worked at sunrise and rest at sunset like their parents. Instead, in this "sleepless village", they no longer said "going up and down the mountain" like their parents when they meet, but greeted each other: "Do you work night shifts?" "You work the day shift?" "You go to work?" "You're off duty?" Whenever they talk, you can see their inner pride and joy. Like people in the city, they carry an aluminum lunch box in their buckets, gather together when eating, and talk about some things in the workshop. The wool sweaters they knitted were printed with Penglai Pavilion patterns and shipped to Northeast China, Northern Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan... They were no longer satisfied with putting wild flowers and tying red ropes on their heads in the past, but now they have bought the most fashionable red skirts with their own wages.<br />
<br />
去访问一个穿红裙子的姑娘吧!<br />
<br />
Let’s go and interview a girl in a red skirt!<br />
<br />
她叫姜利华,是附近上口姜家大队社员,今年21岁,她胖乎乎的,生着一个端正的小翘鼻子,头发梳成两个“把把”,发梢是烫过的,显得很有韵致。<br />
<br />
She is Jiang Lihua, a member of the nearby Jiang’s production brigade. She is 21 years old. She is chubby, has a straight, wide flat nose, and two braids. Her hair tips are permed, which makes her look very charming.<br />
<br />
“你为什么到这里来?”<br />
<br />
"Why do you come here?"<br />
<br />
“不愿意在家种地。”她爽直地向我笑笑,胖胖的手来回搓着。<br />
<br />
"I don't want to cultivate land at home." She said with a frank smile, rubbing her plump hands back and forth.<br />
<br />
“家里分那么几亩地,也用不着闺女家,还有她哥,她爹。”陪伴我的离职老队长在一边插言。<br />
<br />
"A family with a few mu of land doesn’t need the help of daughters. Her brother and her father will do it." The departing captain who accompanied me interjected at the side.<br />
<br />
“你打算在这里干到什么时候?”<br />
<br />
"How long are you going to work here?" <br />
<br />
“干到工厂’黄’了的时候……不’黄'就在这里干!”<br />
<br />
"When the factory is bankrupted... if it runs well, I will work here!"<br />
<br />
“你去年收入了多少?”<br />
<br />
"How much did you earn last year?"<br />
<br />
“1010块,年底开支一大摞,没敢往家喊（拿）,公社信用社在这里,存了活期, 存折交给俺爹……”<br />
<br />
"1010 yuan. Because there were a lot of expenses at the end of the year, I didn't dare to take home. The rural credit cooperative is here, so I saved money in a savings account, and handed the passbook to my father..."<br />
<br />
“你花钱怎么办?”<br />
<br />
"What will you do if you want to spend money?"<br />
<br />
“问俺爹要……哎呀,你记这些干什么?让人家笑话。”<br />
<br />
"Ask my dad to... Oh, why do you write down these? People will laugh at me."<br />
<br />
“你爹妈高兴吧?”<br />
<br />
"Are your parents happy?"<br />
<br />
老队长:“他们当然高兴,她一个人挣的顶他们全家!”<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Of course they are happy. She alone earns more money than the whole family combined!"<br />
<br />
姑娘抿嘴一笑:“以前俺上下班骑俺二姐的自行车,今年俺爹托人上北沟买了辆'金鹿’。他说:’华,这辆车子就是你的了,好好骑。’俺回家一干活他就说:’不用不用,你去睡觉吧。’大姐二姐都不如我。上夜班带饭,俺妈都非给两个鸡蛋拿着。”<br />
<br />
The girl chuckled: "I used to ride my second sister's bicycle to commute. But this year, my father asked someone to go to Beigou to buy a 'Jin Lu' (it is a famous bicycle brand at that time). He said, 'Hua, it is yours, so take good care of it.' As soon as I got home to do housework, he said, 'No, no, you can go to bed.' The oldest sister and the second sister are not as good as me. When I take meals on the night shift, my mother insists on giving me two eggs."<br />
<br />
老队长:“你看看那些上夜班的闺女,哪个不拿鸡蛋?早先还有她们的?都是 早晨打给她爹她哥吃了。”<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Look at those girls who work the night shift. Which one doesn't take eggs? In the past, it was impossible. These eggs belonged to her father and brother in the morning."<br />
<br />
“明天王绪庙会,俺妈说给俺和嫂子一人20元钱,再添些夏天衣裳。”<br />
<br />
"Tomorrow it's the Wangxu Temple Fair, so my mother said she will give me and my sister-in-law 20 yuan so that we can buy summer clothes."<br />
<br />
老队长:“还添衣裳！如今的姑娘家,哪个的衣裳都是一身一身的。也不嫌衣裳多了生虫子!”（I changed 氏 with 长）<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Buy more clothes? Today's girls have too many clothes. They do not worry about more clothes will attract bugs?"<br />
<br />
“出去旅游过吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have you ever traveled?"<br />
<br />
“还没有!”<br />
<br />
"Not yet!"<br />
<br />
老队长:“可不喜去,一点好处也没有。招远的一帮子坐拖拉机上蓬莱阁,车翻沟里去了,一下子死了俩！再说听景有景,看景没景。逛一趟泰山来回得花一百多,还不如在家里喝100斤酒!”<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Travelling is not preferred. It's no good at all. Some people in Zhaoyuan City went to Penglai Pavilion on a tractor, which turned over the ditch, and two of them died at once! Besides, listening to other’s introduction of the scenery is better than watching the scenery. It takes more than 100 yuan to visit the Mount Tai. It is better to drink 100 jin of wine at home!"<br />
<br />
姑娘没有吭声,也许她自有主张。<br />
<br />
The girl didn't say anything. Maybe she had her own ideas.<br />
<br />
回到招待所里,我思绪不能平息。过去这个村子是蓬（莱）黄（县）公路上的一个马车店,因兼卖草料而得名“草店”。至今老人们还能背下流传几辈子的歌谣: “草店穷,穷草店,吃水要走二里半,去时穿花鞋,回时露鸭蛋（后脚跟）,有女不嫁穷草店。”从歌谣中的“花鞋”二字猜测,这歌谣一定是受尽了苦楚的妇女们编出来的。而今妇女们进草店也不是那么容易了。王明福规定,来草店做工的姑娘除了要经过考试外,模样不耐看的不要,个头不高的不要——来记者照相没有机器高那还行吗?以后不光要会说中国话,还要会说外国话的——这里常有外宾来。<br />
<br />
After I returned to the guesthouse, my thoughts couldn't calm down. In the past, this village was an inn on Peng Huang (or Lai County) Highway, which was named forage store because it also sold forage. Up to now, the old people can still recite the ballad that has been passed down for several generations: "The forage store is poor. So poor the forage store is. It takes two and a half li to drink water. You wear beautiful shoes when you go there, but expose your heel when returning back. If you have a daughter, you won’t let her marry the guy in the poor forage store." From the words "beautiful shoes" in the ballad, it is guessed that this ballad must have been made up by women who suffered a lot. Nowadays, it is not so easy for women to be hired in this forage store. Wang Mingfu stipulates that girls who come to work here should not only pass the exam, but should be tall and easy on the eyes. After all, the reporter can’t take picture of her if she is not as tall as a camera. In the future, they should not only speak Chinese, but also speak foreign languages, because foreign guests often come here.<br />
<br />
在我门ロ一边,有一个卖杂货的摊贩,五十多岁年纪,戴着一副眼镜,一条眼镜腿断了,是用麻线拴在耳朵上的。在那些杂七杂八的货摊上,竟还摆放着一本《性的知识》,书的后面被老汉用钢笔把“0.32元”改为“0.45元”。黄昏,一个穿红裙子的姑娘匆匆走过我的窗前,她向四周瞥了一眼,丢下一元钱,拿起那本书,就红着脸跑开了。<br />
<br />
Near our door was a grocery vendor, who was in his fifties and wore a pair of glasses. One of his glasses legs was broken, so it was tied to his ears with a hemp rope. On those stalls with all kinds of matters, there was ''Knowledge of Sex'', which was surprising. At the back of the book, the old man changed 0.32 yuan to 0.45 yuan with a pen. At dusk, a girl in a red skirt hurried past my window, glanced around, dropped one yuan, picked up the book, and ran away with her face turning red.<br />
<br />
她们渴望了解世界,也渴望了解自身!<br />
<br />
They are eager to know the world and themselves!<br />
<br />
尽管还带着一点羞涩。<br />
<br />
Although they are a little shy.<br />
<br />
我看到老汉并未打算给姑娘找零钱,而是从屁股下的木箱里又拿出了一本《性的知识》,摆在原处,好像是唯一的一本。<br />
<br />
I saw that the old man did not intend to give the girl change, but took out another ''Knowledge of Sex'' from the wooden box under his ass and placed it on the original place. It seemed that this was the last one.<br />
<br />
文明,又被蒙上了不文明的尘埃。生活中的ー些事情,往往是这样以多种色调出现的。<br />
<br />
Civilizations get buried under layers of dust again. Some things in life often appear in various colors.<br />
<br />
村庄里的都市<br />
<br />
A City in the Village<br />
<br />
——金钱观念一瞥<br />
<br />
—The Introduction of Their concept of Money<br />
<br />
解放上海的时候,在广东同乡会门口的马路上,露天睡着我27军81师24I团 的一个年轻的机枪手,他有一米八的个子,打着绑腿,怀里抱着一挺“歪把子”。早晨醒来,他看到那高大的楼门上挂着一块牌子:“XX股份有限公司”。他好奇地问班长,那是干什么的?班长答不上;问排长,排长也答不上。后来得知,那是资本家集资做买卖......<br />
<br />
During the liberation of Shanghai, a young autorifleman from the 241 Regiment of the 81st Division of our 27th Corps fell asleep in the open air on the road at the entrance of Guangdong Townsmen Association. He was 1.8 meters tall, wearing puttees and holding a Type 11 light machine gun in his arms. When he woke up in the morning, he saw a sign hanging on the tall building door: "XX Co., Ltd.". He asked the monitor curiously. The monitor can't answer him and neither can the platoon leader. Later, he learned that it was capitalists who raised funds to do business...<br />
<br />
现在这个机枪手已经65岁了,他是孙陶大队“蔚阳农工商联合公司”总经 理——孙陶是烟台地区最早改为“公司”的大队。他毕竟不是当年的机枪手了,牙齿脱落,嘴巴瘪瘪的,有点像画中的“太上老君”,而他的改革的某些方面也带有封 建家长制的色彩。在“农工商联合公司”的牌子旁边,还挂着一块“村政府”的大牌子。他的穿戴也是几个时代混合着:上身着旧蓝布褂,下身穿军裤,脚上却跋拉着 泡沫拖鞋。左右上衣兜甩齐插ー支钢笔,显得不伦不类。窗外则同时传来机耕声和豆腐梆子声。<br />
<br />
Now this autorifleman is 65 years old. He is the general manager of Weiyang Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Joint Company of Sun Tao Brigade. Sun Tao was the first brigade to transform to company in Yantai City. After all, he was not the autorifleman of that year. His teeth fell out and his mouth was flat, which made him like the Daode Tianzun in the painting. Some aspects of his reform also had the color of feudal patriarchal system. Next to the sign of "Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Joint Company" was also a big sign of "Village Government". His dressing style was also a mixture of several times: he wore an old blue cloth jacket on the top, military trousers on the bottom, but wore foam slippers with his heels crushing the back of them. It was neither fish nor fowl to put a pen in the left and right upper pockets respectively. Outside the window, there was the sound of tractor ploughing and using wood blocks to sell tofu.<br />
<br />
“老李呀,一句话,我抓钱!过去咱总怕钱烧手,现在重点搞经济建设,这个观 念不转不行!我现在四个经理部:农业经理部、エ副业加工经理部、商业经理部、供 销经理部。农业经理部下设机械、饲养、技术队、林业队、二林队、鸡场、菜园子、花 场……エ副业加工部下设木业、石子场、预制件厂、面粉厂、挂面厂、铸造厂、刀具 厂、酿造厂……商业经理部下设中医、缝纫、塑料厂、冷食店、浴池、饭店、商店、糕 点、面包厂、水果、牙科诊所、照相馆……应有尽有,我要把孙陶建成个小城市,小上海。”我赞同地说:“你这里成了村庄里的都市了 !”<br />
<br />
"Old Li, in a word, I make money! In the past, we were always afraid that money burns a hole in our pocket, but now we focus on economic development. As a result, we have to change our concept! Now I have four management departments: agricultural management department, sideline processing management department, commercial management department, and supply and marketing management department. Agricultural management department consists of machinery, feeding, technical team, forestry team, chicken farm, vegetable garden, flower farm... The sideline processing department consists of wood industry, gravel field, prefabricated parts factory, flour factory, fine dried noodles factory, foundry, tool factory and brewery... The commercial management department consists of Chinese medicine, sewing, plastic factory, cold food shop, public bath, restaurant, shop, pastry, bread factory, fruit stalls, dental clinic and photo studio... I have everything. I want to transform Sun Tao into a small city like Shanghai." I agreed and said," It has become a city in the village! "<br />
<br />
他接下去:“你刚オ去洗澡了,我那个浴池怎么样?比你们济南不差吧!花了9万块!全是瓷砖铺地,从这里到黄县25里,到蓬莱40里,没有浴池!现在两毛五一个票,社员不用到河沟里洗澡了。青年妇女最愿意洗澡了,她们愿干净,过去都在晚上到河里洗一洗。凡来洗澡的人都说这是个好事!”<br />
<br />
He went on: "You just went to take a bath. How about my public bath? It's not worse than that in Jinan, right? It costs 90,000 yuan! The rooms are all paved with ceramic tiles. There is no public bath 25 miles from here to Huangxian County and 40 miles to Penglai! Now, with a ticket of 25 cents, members don't have to take a bath in the river ditch. Young women are most willing to take a bath because they want to be clean. They used to take a bath in a river at night. Everyone who comes to take a bath says public bath is a good thing! "<br />
<br />
“牙科、照相、水果这些小门面能盈多少利?”<br />
<br />
"How much profit can these small stores like dental clinic, photo studio and fruit stalls make?"<br />
<br />
“盈利不多,可碎金子也是金子呀!我的包子铺商号叫‘半分利’,它有吸引 力,喝茶水不要钱,都愿来。茶水喝多了,刮肚子,肚子空落落的,就要吃包子,不吃 包子,尿尿也是咱的肥料。别看这个小店,一年纯利润ー万四五千。”<br />
<br />
"There is not much profit, but it doesn’t matter! My Baozi shop is called Half Profit, which is attractive. It’s free for drinking tea, so everyone wants to come here. If you drink too much tea, you’ll feel hungry, so you’ll buy our Baozi. Even though you don’t buy it, your urine is also our fertilizer. Don't ignore this small shop, the annual net profit is 14,500 yuan."<br />
<br />
老经理好动,坐在沙发上讲着,不时探出身子拍打一下我的脚面:<br />
<br />
The old manager was hyperactive, sitting on the sofa, talking, and leaning out from time to time to pat my feet:<br />
<br />
“人是钱架的,鳖是水架的。过去是越穷越革命,老鹰拴在鳖脖子上,有能耐也 飞不起来！现在,为了抓钱,我还搞了个’集体入股’。最小十元一股,多者千元一股。农民攒钱怕人,这样入股,提高了集体主义思想,他觉得公司也有他的一份。 我带头入了一万元的股。股金分红按四六。彭真讲'把社会上资金集中起来,长期使用’,做事要有上面精神,打起官司来有说头。’肥水不外流’嘛！我还向你们牟平李德海介绍过这个法儿。”<br />
<br />
"Water is to turtles what money is to people. In the past, we were poor but we worked hard to reform, just like the eagle who was tied to the neck of the turtle, could not fly though it was capable! Now, in order to raise fund, I also promote collective ownership. You can buy a stock with 10 yuan at the minimum, or you can buy a stock with over 1,000 yuan. Taking shares in this way improves collectivism for farmers saving money are worried that others will steal their money. They feels that the company also has their shares. I took the lead to become a shareholder by buying stocks with 10,000 yuan. We’ll split the money forty-sixty. Peng Zhen once said, 'Pool the funds in the society and use them for a long time.' We should have the spirit of superiors so that we can find excuses when we start a lawsuit. 'Every miller draws water to his own mill.'! I also introduced this method to Li Dehai, your home folks in Muping."<br />
<br />
我说:“这种做法合适吗?”<br />
<br />
I said, "Is this appropriate?"<br />
<br />
他并不理会我:“上头财政把得那么死,我们自己为什么不能搞活点?反正在这个小村里我说了算。不宾（佩）服?谁的老婆在家干吗我都知道！我宾服李德 海这个人,有经济头脑。前ー阵子传谣言,说李德海被抓起来了,罪名是什么?’强奸妇女’!当时我就不信。”他忽然压低声音,“别说他那么大的家业忙得没有心思,就是有那个心思,像他这样的英雄还用强奸?……”<br />
<br />
He didn’t answer this question: "The requirements of finance are so rigid, so why can't we be flexible?" Anyway, I have the final say in this small village. People all admire me! I even know what other’s wife is doing at home! I respect that Li Dehai knows how to make money. A while ago, rumors spread that Li Dehai had been arrested. The crime is sex assault! I didn't believe it at that time." He suddenly lowered his voice," He is too busy in managing his own company. Even if he wants to rape a woman, a person like him needs to do that?..."<br />
<br />
对这话,我只能报以苦笑。<br />
<br />
To this, I can only laugh bitterly.<br />
<br />
神秘的登州商行<br />
<br />
A Mysterious Trading Company in Dengzhou<br />
<br />
——信息观念及其他<br />
<br />
—Information Concept and Other Things<br />
<br />
如果有人每年花3万元租金在城里租一层宾馆,你一定会感到不可思议,如果这个人是一个走出磨道的农民,那你更会惊奇不已！<br />
<br />
If someone spends 30,000 yuan a year to rent a hotel in the city, you will feel incredible. If this person is a farmer who walks out of the mill, you will be even more surprised!<br />
<br />
这是乡下农民进城办的ー个商行。宾馆门口“登州商行”四个钢铁铸的大字, 是花800元从青岛请了著名书法家写的。曾几何时,高晓声笔下的陈奂生在县城的宾馆里闹出了一通又一通的笑话,这个“登州商行”里是否还有陈奂生这样的农民呢?<br />
<br />
This is a trading company run by rural farmers coming to cities. The four big characters of "Dengzhou Trading Company" at the entrance of the hotel were written by a famous calligrapher invited from Qingdao by spending 800 yuan. Once upon a time, Chen Huansheng, a character in a work written by Gao Xiaosheng, made a fool of himself again and again in hotels of county towns. Is there a farmer like Chen Huansheng in this trading company?<br />
<br />
我在这个商行的总经理室见到的第一个人物是位20岁出头的姑娘,她叫吴鸿岩,圆胖胖的脸,扎两个把把,眉眼中带有农村姑娘的憨厚和灵秀。<br />
<br />
The first person I met in the general manager's office of this trading company was a girl in her early twenties. She was Wu Hongyan, with a round chubby face and two braids. From her appearance, I could find the characteristics of a rural girl, simple and smart.<br />
<br />
我进门时,她正俯在ー个大书案上从四十多份报刊中检索,把有关商品信息的 部分剪贴起来。有些报刊是我从来没见过的:《上海译报》《上海物资市场》《致富报》《市场周报》《经济预测》《农村金融》《深圳特区报》《湖南经济报》……<br />
<br />
When I entered the door, she was leaning over a large desk, searching from more than 40 newspapers and periodicals, and cutting and pasting some information about commodities. Some newspapers and periodicals I have never seen before: ''Shanghai Translation Newspaper'', ''Shanghai Material Market'', ''Success Newspaper'', ''Market Daily'', ''Economic Forecast'', ''Rural Finance'', ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'', and ''Hunan Economic Newspaper''...<br />
<br />
“你是秘书吗?”我发问。<br />
<br />
"Are you the secretary?" I asked.<br />
<br />
“没有那么大,是文书。”她赧然一笑。<br />
<br />
"No, I’m not a high-ranking member. I’m a clerk." She smiled bashfully.<br />
<br />
当知道我是职业创作员时,她竟和我从文学角度探讨起社会问题:“你说现在农民身上有没有阿Q精神?”<br />
<br />
When she knew that I was a professional creator, she discussed social problems with me from a literary point of view: "Do you think there is Ah Q spirit in farmers now?"<br />
<br />
我一下子回答不上来。<br />
<br />
I can't answer it at once.<br />
<br />
她认真地说:“我一直在想这个问题。阿Q精神是有的。农民和土地绑在一块儿,受了欺侮也走不出去,就得自己安慰自己。有时候没有阿Q精神就活不 下去。”<br />
<br />
She said seriously, "I have been thinking about this question. I think they have Ah Q spirit. Farmers have strong relationships with the land, and they can't go to other places after being bullied, so they have to comfort themselves. Sometimes they can't live without Ah Q spirit."<br />
<br />
这话不是在《文艺报》组织的农村题材座谈会上,而是出自一个穷乡僻壤的农村姑娘之口!<br />
<br />
This was not at the symposium on rural themes organized by Wen yi bao (Literature and Art Newspaper), but from a rural girl in the backcountry!<br />
<br />
她的哥哥吴鸿康走进来了,他是这个商行的副经理,也一起参与“农民政治经济学”的讨论:“农村有些干部很像’土皇帝’!责任制某种意义上就是分散他们的权力,冲破旧的组合!为什么责任制受到群众那么拥护?不值得干部思考吗?我们为什么进城?就是为了摆脱大队给我们的束缚！人挪活,树挪死。我们出来不是为挣钱的,为了干一番事业给他们看看!”<br />
<br />
Her older brother Wu Hongkang, deputy manager of this firm, came in and also participated in the discussion of peasant political economy: "Some rural cadres are very similar to local tyrants! In a sense, the responsibility system is to disperse their power and break through old patterns! Why is the responsibility system so supported by the masses? Isn't it worth thinking about by cadres? Why are we in town? Because we want to get rid of the shackles given to us by the brigade! Trees will die when moved, but people will become more alive. We didn't come out to earn money, but to show them our achievements!"<br />
<br />
吴鸿岩插话说:“农民进城办商行,免不了带有农民的痕迹。有了成绩容易满足,遇到挫折容易灰心丧气,办事不讲效率,拖拖拉拉。我们总经理对职员要求:农民进城必须去掉农民意识,搞商品流通,散漫不行。现在是信息时代,一些农民的旧习气不改,根本搞不好商品生产和商品流通。光蓬莱,我们这样的商行就有九 家,农民办的就有三家,竞争很厉害,不抓紧能行吗?我们搞正规化,每天五点半起床,跑步;六点钟回来,自学半个小时;七点开饭;七点半上班;中午十一点半下班……晚上九点又和全国各地办事处打电话,互通信息。”<br />
<br />
Wu Hongyan interjected: "When farmers go to cities to run a trading company, they will inevitably show the characteristics of farmers. For example, It is easy for them to satisfy with achievements, to be frustrated when encountering setbacks, to be inefficient and procrastinating. Our general manager asked the staff that farmers must get rid of bad habits of farmers when entering the city, because being lax won’t help commodity circulation. Now it is the information age, so commodity production and circulation will not be possible at all, if some farmers' old habits will not be changed. In Penglai alone, there are nine trading companies like ours and three run by farmers. The competition is fierce. Can we do it without working hard? We establish routines for them. They should get up and run at 5:30 every day; Come back at six o'clock and self-study for half an hour; Dinner is served at seven o'clock; Go to work at 7:30; Get off work at 11:30 noon... and call offices all over the country at 9:00 p.m. to exchange information."<br />
<br />
神秘的登州商行！<br />
<br />
Mysterious Dengzhou Trading Company!<br />
<br />
总经理侯日超出场了,夹着黑色皮包,穿着一身笔挺的西服,他40岁出头,方 方的额头,深深的眼窝,尖下巴,眼角有道道血丝,脸上表情淡漠,却隐示着ー种坚 毅。这个农民似乎是从地平线下突然冒出来的,不,确切地说,他是从土地里走出 来的,他大胆地割断了与土地的“脐带”,把承包的16亩责任田,全部转包给别人, 只要转包户每年向他全家每人提供200斤小麦、100斤花生,他用国家牌价购买,而 他和妻子都投身于这个商行的工作。他走出土地,同时也走出了自己的历史。作为ー个农民,他推过车,挑过担子, 整过“大寨田”,当过生产队长,还曾被评选为民兵“学习毛主席著作积极分子”。他好读书,好文娱,好搞创新性的玩意儿。当瓦匠,半年就掌尺,因为老瓦匠们舍不得花钱买工具,而他知道石家庄的泥板是最好的。村里搞剧团,他鼓鼓捣捣,组织起十来个人的小乐队。“文革”开始他又学会扎针,社员有个头痛脑热,不上公社医院,来找他。1983年承包橡胶厂,发了财,三个支部委员和一个大队长,天天去抢账,他一气之下走出了村庄……<br />
<br />
Hou Richao, the general manager, wearing a black trim suit, came. He was in his early 40s, with a square forehead, deep eye sockets, pointed chin, bloodshot eyes, and indifferent expression on his face, which showed a kind of perseverance. The farmer seemed to have popped up from below the horizon. No, to be exact, he came out of the land. He boldly cut off the "umbilical cord" with the land and subcontracted all the contracted 16 mu of land to others. As long as the subcontractor provided 200 kg of wheat and 100 kg of peanuts to his whole family every year, he bought them at the national quotation, so he and his wife devoted themselves to the work of this company. He walked out of the land and also out of his own history. As a farmer, he pushed cars, shouldered burdens, learn from Dazhai in agriculture" Campaign, worked as a production captain, and was once selected as an "activist in studying Chairman Mao's works" as a militia. He likes reading, entertainment activities and engaging in innovative things. When he was a bricklayer, he knew how to know the size in half a year, because the old bricklayers were reluctant to spend money on tools, but he knew that the clay tablets in Shijiazhuang were the best. When the village set up a troupe, he organized a small band of about a dozen people. At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, he learned acupuncture. Members who had a headache or fever didn't go to the commune hospital but came to him for help. In 1983, he contracted a rubber factory and made a fortune, so three branch members and a team leader went to take his credit every day. As a result, he left the village in anger...<br />
<br />
<br />
现在登州商行有四十多个职工,大都是在村里待得压抑的农民。侯日超一跃成为商行经理,下分经理办公室、供销科、总务科、财务科、信息科、工业科,现在分别在大连、沈阳、天津、北京、上海、青岛、哈尔滨等大城市派设有办事处和信息员。<br />
<br />
At present, there are more than 40 employees in Dengzhou Trading Company, most of which are depressed farmers in the village. Hou Richao has become the manager of it, and the company is divided into manager's office, supply and marketing department, general affairs department, finance department, information department and industry department. Now he has offices and information officers in Dalian, Shenyang, Tianjin, Beijing, Shanghai, Qingdao, Harbin and other metropolises.<br />
<br />
信息观念在他们身上的建立,使我惊叹不已。<br />
<br />
I am amazed at their information concept.<br />
<br />
“搞商品流通,必须到经济发达的地方去办,经济发达的地方文化也发达,文化 发达的地方,消费也发达,这样才能正确地了解市场。过去是秀才不出门,便知天下事,那是靠读书,现在光靠书本不行了,等书印出来,什么信息也晚了三秋。现在信息手段很多,电话、电报、广播、报纸、电视、联络网、社会交往。生产カ发展的历史,就是交往不断扩大的历史……马克思讲人与人之间的关系,是经济基础的核心,只有有了人与人之间的关系,才能去创造财富。现在我们采用了广泛联系的方针,在经济学上叫'广泛联合’,我们在这里是经营中心,在全国伸出了若干条腿, 借助各地大中心,发挥咱小中心的作用。这叫’经济横向联系’。”他随手撕下ー张 印刷的信息调查报告表,说,“在外的办事员、信息员、供销员定期ー个月寄回两 次。”这表上有物品种类、价格、规格型号、数量、信息编号、市场形势、预测分析,“我们还准备搞密码,考虑到经济信息要保密。我们还聘请了法律顾问、经济顾问、政策顾问。”<br />
<br />
"To engage in commodity circulation, we must go to economically developed places, where culture is also developed, and in the places where culture is developed, there is higher consumption level. Therefore, in these places, we can correctly understand the market. In the past, scholars knew what was going on in the world without going out, which depended on reading. Now, reading books alone can't do it. When books are printed, any information will be late. Nowadays, there are many means of information, such as telephone, telegraph, radio, newspaper, television, contact network and social communication. The history of production development is the history of expanding communication... Marx said that the relationship between people is the core of economic foundation, and only with the relationship between people can wealth be created. Now we have adopted the policy of extensive ties, or extensive alliance in economics. We are the business center here, stretching out a number of legs throughout the country, and playing the role of our small centers with the help of big centers in various places. This is called lateral economic ties." He tore off a printed information investigation report and said, "The clerks, information officers and supply and marketing staff who are outside regularly send it back twice a month." This form contained the type, price, specification, quantity, information number, market situation and forecast analysis of goods. "Considering that economic information should be kept confidential, we are also going to study cryptography. We have also hired legal advisers, economic advisers and policy advisers."<br />
<br />
在我面前的,绝不是“闰土”和“陈奂生”了 !<br />
<br />
In front of me, it was by no means Run Tu and Chen Huansheng (they are two characters in novels)!<br />
<br />
我顺手抓起一份信息剪报,在“山东莱芜羊里公社,可收获优质大蒜4万斤寻求销路”这一段文字下面有红笔标示。<br />
<br />
I grabbed an information clipping conveniently, and there was a red pen mark under the paragraph "In Yangli Commune, Laiwu, Shandong Province, you can harvest 40,000 jin of high-quality garlic, which are waiting to be sold".<br />
<br />
“你们准备买大蒜吗?”我问。<br />
<br />
"Are you going to buy garlic?" I asked.<br />
<br />
“香港八汇有限公司找我们订了 300吨,照国家外贸价。”<br />
<br />
"Hong Kong Bahui Co., Ltd. ordered 300 tons of garlic from us and will pay us at the national foreign trade price."<br />
<br />
“他们去莱芜联系过了吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have they gone to Laiwu to ask this thing?"<br />
<br />
“没有。大蒜价格还要落,现在去联系价格不好商量。”<br />
<br />
"No. The price of garlic is still falling. It is not easy to determine the price now."<br />
<br />
“你何以预测出大蒜要落价?”<br />
<br />
"How did you predict that garlic would fall in price?"<br />
<br />
“第一个信息,今年蒜薰多,蒜薰丰收,大蒜也必然丰收。现在买是我们求他,将来买是他来求我!”<br />
<br />
"The first information is that this year's garlic scapes are abundant, so garlic will be abundant. If we buy it now, we will be at a disadvantage, but if we buy it in the future, they will be at a disadvantage! "<br />
<br />
其机敏可见一斑。<br />
<br />
His cleverness can be seen.<br />
<br />
“我们搞的代购代销,是商品流通的一种形式,是市场调节的手段。现在我们 也考虑办工厂,先上纸箱厂、饮料厂、瓷雕厂、裘装厂——这个是和外商合办的。还 准备买专利……等到1985年可以打个漂亮仗,纯收入拿500万,向国家提供600 万元税收。蓬莱缺大旅馆,外国人来了还要回烟台去住。我们准备盖个十三层的高级旅馆,要有占地100亩的高尔夫球场,将来蓬莱以它特有的条件一蓬莱阁成 为烟台的贸易中心,吸引外商。他不了解你这些人,怎么投资?”<br />
<br />
"Purchasing overseas products for others and consignment are forms of commodity circulation and a means of market regulation. Now we are also considering the establishment of factories, including carton factory, beverage factory, porcelain carving factory and fur factory. The fur factory is jointly organized with foreign businessmen. I'm also going to buy patents... By 1985, I can make great achievements, with a net income of 5 million yuan and a tax of 6 million yuan to the country. Penglai has no big hotels, so foreigners have to go back to Yantai to live when they come. Therefore, we are going to build a high-class hotel with 13 floors and a golf course covering an area of 100 mu. In the future, Penglai will become the trade center of Yantai with its unique building—Penglai Pavilion, attracting foreign businessmen. If they don't know you people, how can they invest money? "<br />
<br />
他回身用拇指指指墙上的彩色挂历,那是一幅夏威夷海滩浴场的照片:“你看 这夏威夷海滨,我们蓬莱为什么不能搞成这样?”<br />
<br />
He turned around and pointed to the colorful calendar, a photo of Hawaii a seaside resort, on the wall with his thumb: "Look at it. Why can't Penglai be like this?"<br />
<br />
他的笑容中或有当年“乐队队长”的率直和快乐。<br />
<br />
His smile may have the frankness and happiness of the band leader of that year.<br />
<br />
“中国的革命,在某种意义上说是农民的革命,可是农民还没有得到应有的利 益。三中全会解决了这个问题,现在政策允许你的思维发展。过去在农村是智力 高的伺候智力低的。古话说:出头椽子先烂,烂也是ー辈子。不要珍惜你的生命, 一千岁又怎么样?要珍惜社会贡献……有人说我们吹牛X。随他!过去说吹牛X不纳税,现在吹牛X得纳税,不信试试!”<br />
<br />
"China's revolution is the farmers’ revolution in a sense, but they have not yet got the benefits they deserve. The Third Plenary Session solved this problem, and now the policy allows you to think out of the box. In the past, people in the countryside with high intelligence served people with low intelligence. As the old saying goes, "If you stick your head out, you may be at a lifetime risk." Don't cherish your life. Who cares if you can live a very long time? We should cherish our social contributions... Some people say we are full of hot air. Who cares! In the past, it was said that bragging did not pay taxes, but now bragging has to pay taxes. If you don't believe it, just try it!"<br />
<br />
第四章在历史的接合部上<br />
<br />
Chapter 4 At the Junction of History<br />
<br />
是的,无数个瞬间,组成了人类历史的长河。<br />
<br />
Yes, countless moments constitute the long river of human history.<br />
<br />
历史学家在研究历史的时候,没有忽视“瞬间”这个历史的“微粒”。战争的决胜,国家的兴衰,在某个瞬间所引起的质变:项羽鸿门宴却步于樊哙之勇,司马懿一念败退于诸葛亮的空城计,希特勒对盟军诺曼底登陆之失算……历史往往在某个瞬间悄悄地开始了一个时代。国家、民族的命运是这样,个人的命运也是这样。但历史毕竟是个记忆衰退的老人,它向后人叙述的,大都是些概念,而文学,却需要到光阴之河里去捕捞无数充满感情色彩的细节,组成它的艺术生命。趁历史还没有走远,我们还来得及去回首看一看那打着时代变革印记的无数个瞬间。<br />
<br />
When historians study history, they do not ignore the moments, which constitute the long river of human history. The decisive victory of a war, the rise and fall of a country, and the qualitative changes caused by a certain moment can be seen in history. Xiang Yu's Feast at Swan Goose Gate was discouraged from Fan Kuai's courage. Sima Yi failed because of Zhuge Liang's Empty Fort Strategy. Hitler made mistakes about his allied forces’ Normandy landings... History often quietly started an era at a certain moment. This is the fate of a country and a nation, and so is the fate of an individual. However, history is an old man with declining memory, and most of what he narrates to future generations are concepts. But if we want to know literature, we need to go to the river of time to salvage countless emotional details to form its artistic life. While history has not gone far, we still have time to look back and see the countless moments marked by the changes of the times.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他们像没娘的孩子<br />
<br />
At That Moment, They Were Like Motherless Children<br />
<br />
——困惑篇<br />
<br />
—Confusion<br />
<br />
“辛辛苦苦30年,一夜回到解放前！呜呜呜……”<br />
<br />
"After 30 years of hard work, The situation is changed into that before liberation overnight! Boohoo..."<br />
<br />
烟台地区责任制的巨大闸门终于被撬动起来之时,在栖霞县ー个山沟的野夼大队办公室里,7个党支部委员对着毛主席的画像伤心地哭了起来。<br />
<br />
When the huge gate of the responsibility system in Yantai area was finally opened, seven Party branch members in the Yekuang brigade office of a ravine in Qixia County cried sadly at the portrait of Chairman Mao.<br />
<br />
他们平均55岁,7个人中有6个当过八路军、3个二等残疾军人一个个是共 产党的忠诚战士。这里是革命老区,许世友司令员曾住在附近的东下布。他们给子弟兵缝过军装,养过伤员……是社会主义救了这个旧社会有名的“叫花子布”，今天有了果园,有了水库,有了马车,有了柴油机和拖拉机……<br />
<br />
They were 55 years old on average. Six of the seven have worked in the Eighth Route Army, and three were second-class disabled soldiers. All of them were loyal fighters of the Communist Party. This was an old revolutionary base area, and Commander Xu Shiyou once lived in Dongxiabu nearby. They sewed military uniforms for their soldiers and raised the wounded... It was socialism that saved the famous backcountry in the old society. Today, there are orchards, reservoirs, carriages, diesel engines and tractors...<br />
<br />
这些家业,都是他们听毛主席的话带领群众创出来的。今天毛主席订的某些章程要更改了,是在他老人家已经不在了的时候……<br />
<br />
These possessions were created by them who led masses and followed Chairman Mao. Today, some constitutions made by Chairman Mao have to be changed when he has gone...<br />
<br />
“呜呜呜……”老年人的哭声是悲怆的。<br />
<br />
"Boohoo..." They wailed.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他痛苦地否定了自己<br />
<br />
At That Moment, He Painfully Denied Himself<br />
<br />
——省悟篇<br />
<br />
—Enlightenment<br />
<br />
这是个倔老头儿!<br />
<br />
This is a stubborn old man!<br />
<br />
他很少服输。“文化大革命”中一连斗了他33次,在黄县,造反派都说他磨山 迟家是“小台湾”,而他迟本达,就是顽固不化的“蒋光头”。在批斗大会上,“造反派”踢他一脚,他当即回敬一拳,硬是把“造反派”给打散了。后来,他磨山迟家成了“红色革命根据地”,县里的老干部,干社会主义的“铁柱子”,每天有几百人在这里吃饭。现在他大小机械100多台,汽车3辆,拖拉机6台,果园!000亩,还搞不过你的“大包干”?他有空就悄悄往邻队地里一蹲,不是去学习,而是挑刺儿。<br />
<br />
He seldom admitted defeat. During the Cultural Revolution, he experienced struggle sessions 33 times in a row. In Huang County, the rebels said that residents in the Moshanchijia village was Taiwanese, and he Chi Benda was the stubborn Chiang Kai-Shek. During the struggle session, when the rebels kicked him, he immediately responded with a punch, which dealt a blow to them. Later, this village became a revolutionary base; the Chi family became veteran cadre in the county and the backbone of socialism. Hundreds of people eat there every day. Now he has more than 100 machines, large and small, 3 cars, 6 tractors and 1000 mu of orchards. Isn’t it better than the household responsibility system? When he was free, he quietly appeared in the neighboring team, not to study, but to find fault.<br />
<br />
和共和国同龄的县委书记杜世成,苦口婆心来劝说:“还是搞责任制好,700户社员,就有700个’队长’,专业化、社会化是今后的方向。”<br />
<br />
Du Shicheng, secretary of the county party committee, was born in 1949, when the People’s Republic of China was found. He did his best to convince Chi and said: "It is better to engage in the household responsibility system. There are 700 captains for 700 households. Specialization and socialization are the future direction."<br />
<br />
老头儿不服劲儿,又不得不做出样子,把大锅饭改成“中锅饭”,ー个大队分成 两个,12个生产队分成了 24个生产组,中央不是说“多种形式”吗?<br />
<br />
The old man disagreed with him, but had to pretend to comply with his instructions, so he changed food prepared in a large canteen into food prepared in a medium-sized canteen. Besides, one brigade was divided into two, and 12 production teams were divided into 24 production groups. After all, the central government said they could introduce various forms.<br />
<br />
年底公社列表张榜,挂到会议室正面墙上,迟本达不敢过去正视,因为磨山迟家这个一向当“领头雁”的,一下子变成了尾巴梢子,简直令人不敢相信,却又是千真万确的事实!<br />
<br />
At the end of the year, the commune list was posted and hung on the front wall of the conference room. Chi Benda did not dare to face it up, because Chi's family, who has always taken the lead, suddenly performed bad, which was unbelievable, but was also real!<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,老头子垂下了白花花的脑袋,却装着用手去搔头……<br />
<br />
At that moment, the old man hung down his head with gray hair, but he pretended to scratch his head with his hands...<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他失明的双目透进了阳光<br />
<br />
At That Moment, His Blind Eyes Feel Sunshine<br />
<br />
——信仰篇<br />
<br />
—Faith<br />
<br />
掖县是烟台地区的“西南大门”,紧挨着责任制搞得较早的昌潍地区。当初有的领导同志曾提出:“掖县要挡住西南风!”<br />
<br />
Ye County is the southwest gate of Yantai City, and it is next to Changwei area where the household responsibility system was established earlier. At the beginning, some leading comrades once said: "Ye County should block the southwest wind!"<br />
<br />
一个双目失明的瘦小老人点着一根七尺长的竹竿走出来了,他是掖县过西乡徐家大队的当家人徐斌。这个双目失明的人当了30多年支部书记,他用一根竹竿探路,带着全村600多户人家,两千多口子人,从昨天走到今天。<br />
<br />
A skinny old man who was blind came out with a seven-chi bamboo pole. He was Xu Bin, the head of Xu family brigade in Guoxi Township, Ye County. This blind man has been a branch secretary for more than 30 years. He used a bamboo pole to explore the way and took more than 600 households and more than 2,000 people in the village from the past to the present.<br />
<br />
一切都是摸索过来的。这或许反映了中国农民在特殊条件下的历史进程!<br />
<br />
He explored everything, which may reflect the historical process of Chinese farmers under special conditions!<br />
<br />
他是怎样把徐家大队领成一个“先进”啊一竹竿上刻着尺寸,翻过的地,他 要逐块去量一量,看是否够深度。社员剜谷苗,他要去摸一摸稀疏。到后来,有的社员锄地光锄地头,糊弄他这个瞎汉,他检查生产,不得不点着ー根竹竿,向青纱帐深处走去。过去,这一些被当作先进事迹,在各种会议上介绍,那其实是ー种多么深刻的悲剧,一种多么令人痛心的象征! !<br />
<br />
How did he lead the Xu family brigade into an advanced brigade? A bamboo pole was engraved with dimensions, so he had to measure the land one by one to see if it was deep enough. When members cut the grain seedlings, he was going to feel whether they were sparse. Later, some members only hoed in edge of a field to fool him because he was blind. Therefore, when he checked production, he had to walk with his bamboo pole to the depths of green fields. In the past, these were regarded as advanced deeds and introduced at various conferences. What a profound tragedy and a sad symbol!!<br />
<br />
他率先实行了生产责任制。用竹竿捅破那长期以来形成的不符合实际情况的固有观念!<br />
<br />
He took the lead in implementing the production responsibility system, so he eliminated the inherent concept that has taken root for a long time and did not conform to the actual situation with his bamboo pole!<br />
<br />
他率先发展了商品生产,办起了糖厂、面粉加工厂、冰库（这是我见到的第一座 农民冰库）、修配厂……<br />
<br />
He spearheaded the commodity production, like a sugar factory, a flour processing factory, an icehouse (this was the first farmer icehouse I have seen) and a repair factory...<br />
<br />
他不能看电影,却在全公社修起了第一座带座位的农民影院;他不能看书,却 办起了有数千册藏书的图书馆;他没有孩子在身边,却修起了连联合国的考察团也为之咋舌的幼儿园。<br />
<br />
He was unable to watch movies, but he built the first farmer cinema with seats in the whole commune. He was unable to read books, but he has set up a library with thousands of books. He had no children around, but he has built a kindergarten that even amazed the United Nations delegation.<br />
<br />
他看不见色彩,却在创造着彩色的生活！<br />
<br />
He can't see color, but he was creating a colorful life!<br />
<br />
王济夫带着《烟台日报》的总编辑刘鹏雁来到这里,激动不已,对总编辑说: “掖县有了领头人,发个头条!”<br />
<br />
When Wang Jifu came here with Liu Pengyan, editor-in-chief of Yantai Daily, he was excited and said to the editor-in-chief: "Ye County has a leader, so let’s make him hit the headlines!"<br />
<br />
理解,你是阳光,把心灵的阴影驱散。<br />
<br />
Understanding is sunshine, dispelling the shadow of a soul.<br />
<br />
徐斌像保存家珍似的把这份剪报贴在一个本子上。<br />
<br />
Xu Bin pasted this newspaper clipping on a notebook like keeping a family treasure.<br />
<br />
“还有磁带,是中央电台录制的,我拿给你听听。”他瞎瞎摸摸,挪动着瘦瘦的身躯,哼着小调,把磁带装到录音机里,按动开关,于是,关于他生命的信息,从女广播员那脆亮而充满感情的播音中传达出来:<br />
<br />
"There is also a tape, which was recorded by the central radio station. I will show it to you." He fumbled, moved his thin body, hummed a tune, loaded the tape into the tape recorder, and turned it on. So the message about his life was conveyed from the crisp and emotional voice of a female announcer:<br />
<br />
“《当你回首往事的时候》……”<br />
<br />
"When you look back..."<br />
<br />
我坐在他的侧面,看到他仍然沉浸在广播员那动情的朗诵之中。我看到了黑镜片后面那畸形的深陷的眼窝,像两个喷发过岩浆的火山口,他的嘴在微微翕动着。仅存无几的睫毛上沾着水汽,红红的眼窝噙满了泪水,那心灵的潮汛终于汇集成一股水流,向下淌去……<br />
<br />
I sat on his side and saw that he was still immersed in the emotional recitation of the announcer. I saw behind the black glasses the deformed, sunken eye sockets, like two craters of lava, and his mouth moved slightly. His eyelashes that had not been much left were covered by a layer of saturated vapour of water, and the red eye sockets were full of tears. Finally, his tears, the vent to his soul, fell down...<br />
<br />
我上车时,他伸出瘦瘦的手来向前摸索着,我知道他是在寻找我,要和我握别。<br />
<br />
When I got into the car, he stretched out his thin hand and groped forward. I knew he was looking for me because he wanted to shake my hands at parting.<br />
<br />
我握着他的手,久久不愿松开。<br />
<br />
I held his hands and refused to let go for a long time.<br />
<br />
在这一瞬间我想到:痛苦在于我们这些不失明的人,让一个失明的战士为我们探路！<br />
<br />
At this moment, I thought that the pain lies in us who were not blind, because we let a blind soldier explore the way for us!<br />
<br />
他是在用心看着道路。<br />
<br />
He looked at the way with his heart, not his eyes.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他求告无望,横下一条心<br />
<br />
At That Moment, He Failed to Receive Help, So He Determined to Do Something<br />
<br />
——励志篇<br />
<br />
—An Inspirational Story<br />
<br />
笑容,你来得是那么容易的吗?<br />
<br />
Smile, is it so easy for you to come?<br />
<br />
谭绪佑离开“大锅饭”时也感到过无所适从,过去的一切都是队上的“父母官”包揽,现在,他这瘦巴巴、一头卷发的汉子要自己去闯生活之路。<br />
<br />
Tan Xuyou felt at a loss when he no longer ate food prepared in a large canteen. In the past, everything was taken care of by members on the production team. Now, he, a thin man with curly hair, has to go his own way of life.<br />
<br />
到淄博去,嫂表弟建议他上个小作坊,生产“浮球式比重仪”,那是一家研究所设计的新产品。谭绪佑壮着胆子接回来试制,二十天后带着五只样品去了,研究所一鉴定,竟然惊奇不已:“这是你们搞的吗?国营厂三个月拿出来算快的!”<br />
<br />
When he went to Zibo, his cousin suggested that he go to a small workshop to produce floating ball hydrometer, which was a new product designed by a research institute. Tan Xuyou got the courage to have a trial production. After 20 days, he went with five samples. The institute identified them and was surprised: "Did you do this? It is fast for the state-owned factory to make them in three months!"<br />
<br />
“武宁电器厂”的牌子在这个偏远的滨海村庄挂起来了,赞同的目光,惊讶的目光,疑问的目光,嫉妒的目光都投向这个白漆黑字的木牌牌。<br />
<br />
The sign of "Wuning Electric Appliance Factory" was hung up in this remote coastal village. People looked at this wooden plaque white and black with admiration, surprise, suspicion or jealousy.<br />
<br />
一个夜晚,木牌牌不翼而飞。<br />
<br />
One night, the plaque disappeared.<br />
<br />
扛走木牌的人显然不是因为缺柴烧。<br />
<br />
It was obvious that those who carried away it were not short of firewood.<br />
<br />
木牌不值多少钱,可那是门面啊,打人还不打脸呢。<br />
<br />
Wooden plaque was not worth much money, but it represented the owner’s dignity. For example, if you hit others, you wouldn’t punch their face.<br />
<br />
谭绪佑去报告“父母官”,路上看到大队仓库的后窗被人撬了,他怀着对集体的感情,一并做了报告。<br />
<br />
Tan Xuyou went to report to the members on the production team. On the way, he saw that the rear window of the team warehouse had been pried. He cared for the team, so he also reported it.<br />
<br />
当天下午,队上的仓库后窗就派人钉上了,谭绪佑却在家等,等,等……<br />
<br />
In the afternoon, the rear window of the warehouse on the team was nailed, but Tan Xuyou waited at home for a long time...<br />
<br />
谭绪佑猛然省悟到什么,跺跺脚,自己做了一个沉甸甸的大铁牌子,焊上挂柱, 垒进墙里去了。<br />
<br />
Something suddenly dawned on Tan Xuyou, so he stamped his feet, made a heavy big iron sign, and welded the hanging column to build it into the wall.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他怒发冲冠,破门而出<br />
<br />
At That Moment, He Burst Out of the Door in A Rage<br />
<br />
——求索篇<br />
<br />
—Seeking<br />
<br />
是铁,就要经受锤炼。<br />
<br />
If it is iron, it must be tempered.<br />
<br />
有人向黄县平里院大队书记战学忠介绍,平陵县有一套设备,能使粉渣酿出酒来。<br />
<br />
Someone introduced to Zhan Xuezhong, secretary of Pingliyuan Brigade in Huang County, that Ping Ling County has a set of equipment, which can make wine from powder residue.<br />
<br />
年轻的书记被这桩便宜买卖迷住了,花五万元钱把这套设备买了下来,由那边派师傅帮助安装。<br />
<br />
The young secretary was fascinated by this cheap deal, so he spent 50,000 yuan to buy it and an employee there would help install it.<br />
<br />
一天、两天、三天……<br />
<br />
One day, two days, three days…<br />
<br />
一个月、两个月、三个月 <br />
<br />
One month, two months, three months...<br />
<br />
社员们眼巴巴地望着,等着出酒哩。<br />
<br />
The members watched eagerly, waiting for the wine to come out.<br />
<br />
可是酒总出不来。<br />
<br />
But the wine never came out.<br />
<br />
战学忠打电报叫对方厂长来,杳无讯息。<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong called the factory director, but there was no message.<br />
<br />
那天早上,忽然有人告诉战学忠:那两位“人质”跑了。<br />
<br />
That morning, someone suddenly told Zhan Xuezhong that the two "hostages" had run away.<br />
<br />
战学忠赶去ー看,果然人走屋空,留在酒厂的设备,成了一堆废铁!<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong rushed to see it. Sure enough, people left the house empty, and the equipment left in the winery became a pile of scrap metal!<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,战学忠血冲脑门,狠狠擂动着门板,他意识到被骗了。牵线人和平陵厂方合谋,把ー套毫无价值的设备坑给了他们。<br />
<br />
At that moment, Zhan Xuezhong was in a rage and severely beat the door panel when he realized that he had been cheated. The matchmaker conspired with the Pingling factory and gave them a set of worthless equipment.<br />
<br />
5万元哪,平里院的父老姊妹口挪肚省的血汗钱哪!<br />
<br />
50,000 yuan, the hard-earned money saved by the young and old in Pingliyuan!<br />
<br />
战学忠带着合同到县经济法庭控告,花15元钱打印了一份诉状,直奔平陵县。<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong took the contract to the county economic court, spent 15 yuan money to print a complaint, and went straight to Pingling County.<br />
<br />
平陵县的法庭庭长回家收责任田的小麦去了。<br />
<br />
The court president of it went home to collect wheat from the field he was responsible for.<br />
<br />
战学忠在旅馆等了七天,后来终于见到了法庭庭长,庭长说:“办成办不成,先交2500元的手续费,相当你损失的百分之五。”<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong waited in the hotel for seven days, and finally met the president of the court. The president said, "Whether it is successful or not, you should pay a handling fee of 2,500 yuan first, which is equivalent to 5% of your loss."<br />
<br />
他已几乎囊空如洗!<br />
<br />
He was almost broke!<br />
<br />
战学忠直接找到了工厂里,厂里的人告诉他,厂长换了,不能办!<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong directly went to the factory, and the employees in the factory told him that the factory director had been changed, so they could not help him!<br />
<br />
痛苦,已经超出了经济的范畴。<br />
<br />
The pain was not only derived from the lack of money.<br />
<br />
那个“一瞬间”成了一服明目的良药,使这个1978年オ认识火车的“乡巴佬”学会了商品生产的市场调查、信誉调查。<br />
<br />
That moment became a motivation for this hillbilly who knew the train to learn the market research and credit investigation of commodity production.<br />
<br />
北京王府井商场一块“电动剃须刀无货”的牌子,使他跑遍了南京、杭州、无锡、上海,亲自写出了一份三万言的电动剃须刀商品调查报告,接着把落满伤心泪的烧酒车间改成了电器车间,前后不到8个月。第一批电动剃须刀组装起来,拿到县里去鉴定,那些长着大胡子的局长、科长还不识其为何物！<br />
<br />
Seeing a sign of "Electric shavers are out of stock" in Wangfujing Shopping Mall in Beijing, he travelled all over Nanjing, Hangzhou, Wuxi and Shanghai, personally wrote a 30,000-word survey report on electric shavers, and then transformed the shochu workshop full of his sad memories into an electrical appliance workshop, which was less than 8 months before and after. When the first batch of electric shavers were assembled and taken to the county for identification, those bearded directors and section chiefs still didn't know what they were!<br />
<br />
平里院电器总厂的大牌子就这样堂而皇之地挂起来了。年产10万只,畅销11个省市,年获利润12万元。<br />
<br />
In this way, the big plaque of Pingliyuan Electric Appliance General Factory was hung up in public. The annual output was 100,000 in 11 provinces and cities, with an annual profit of 120,000 yuan.<br />
<br />
战学忠,这个曾受过骗的农民企业家两眼闪动着智慧之光,一边和我吃着自制的牛奶冰棍,一边给我讲着“企业经”和“做人经”。<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong, a farmer entrepreneur who has been deceived, had his eyes flashing with wisdom. While eating homemade milk popsicles with me, he told me how to run a successful enterprise and how to be a decent person.<br />
<br />
“我们乡镇企业是’游击队’,打一枪换一个地方。国营办一个厂子,光厂房连 批带盖得一两年,咱有间房子先干起来,等你厂房盖起来,咱产品又更新了。乡镇 企业,必须看市场什么最活,最快……市场变化一天一个样,甚至一个钟头一个样。 商品的竞争,是技术的竞争,信息的竞争,也是时间的竞争,有技术不用,转眼成了旧技术,一切都在更新换代。我们队办工业现在是由密集型到分散型——好多工序在社员家里……”<br />
<br />
"Our township enterprises are guerrillas, and they change a place after they fire a bullet. Approving and building a state-owned factory should take one or two years. When we have a house, we can work first, because when your factory is built, our products will be updated again. Township enterprises must know what is the most active and fastest in the market... The market changes every day, even every hour. Commodity competition is the competition of technology. The competition of information is also the competition of time. If there is technology that you don’t use, it will become old technology in an instant, because everything will be updated. Our brigade's business is now intensive and decentralized, which means many procedures are finished in the members' homes..." <br />
<br />
“咱平里院人是有志气的。县里调我我不去,不是干不了,也不是因为待遇,我舍不得这么多好群众。在我有生之年,一定要给他们闯出一条路来,让贫穷、愚昧的状况一去不复返,让那些为革命献出血和汗的群众不再寒心。现在大队二十六户烈属,每年补他们每户2000元。现在平里院再不是让人瞧不起的时候了。”<br />
<br />
"We Pingliyuan people are ambitious. It's not that I can't do it or because of the treatment when the county promoted me. I don’t want to start the new chapter of my life without so many good people. In my lifetime, I must find a way for them so that they can be free from poverty and ignorance forever, and let those people who shed blood and sweat for the revolution stop disappointed. Now the brigade’s twenty-six households whose families are martyrs will be compensated 2000 yuan per household every year. Now Pingliyuan has passed the time when it was looked down upon."<br />
<br />
第五章属于自己的日子<br />
<br />
Chapter 5 My Own Days<br />
<br />
1984年初夏,中南海紫光阁毗邻的ー间办公室里,我和人民文学杂志社的周 明同志、王南宁同志,以及女作家张洁,坐在一位长者的对面,听他谈农村体制改革 的有关问题。他讲话的时候,用手拨动着写字台上的一个玲珑的地球仪:<br />
<br />
In the early summer of 1984, in an office adjacent to Ziguangge Purple Chamber, Zhongnanhai, Comrade Zhou Ming, Wang Nanning of People's Literature, Zhang Jie, a female writer, and I sat opposite an elder and listened to him talking about the rural system reform. As he spoke, he rotated an exquisite globe on the desk with his hand:<br />
<br />
“如果说中国的农业改革出现了奇迹,它的秘密在什么地方?我认为在’家庭’两个字。这是逼出来的。现在我们千万不能把家庭经营的基础搞掉。从农业上来说,在发达国家,大量存在的是家庭农场。加拿大家庭农场占百分之九十以上,在美国,取得效益最大的也是家庭农场。社会的发展,还受家庭发展的制约。中国的基本国情是家庭这个细胞根深蒂固。几个家庭结合在一起,就不如一个家庭发展快……<br />
<br />
"If there is a miracle in China's agricultural reform, where is its secret? I think it lies in the word family. Because there is no choice. Now we must not get rid of the foundation of family management. In terms of agriculture, there are a large number of family farms in developed countries. Canadian family farms account for more than 90%, and in the United States, family farms have achieved the greatest benefits. The development of society is also restricted by family development. The basic national condition of China is that the family is deeply rooted. If several families are combined, they will not develop as fast as one family...<br />
<br />
“中国农村的自然半自然、自给半自给的传统经营方式,将要被摧毁。一个巨大的、繁荣的中国农村市场将要在世界上出现!<br />
<br />
"The natural, semi-natural, self-sufficient and semi-self-sufficient traditional business model in China's rural areas will be destroyed. A huge and prosperous Chinese rural market will appear in the world!"<br />
<br />
“太平洋经济时代将要到来!世界的经济重心将从欧洲移到亚洲。在中国将要出现一条黄金海岸……”<br />
<br />
"The Pacific economic era is coming! The economic center of gravity of the world will shift from Europe to Asia. There will be a gold coast in China..."<br />
<br />
他又转动了一下地球仪,世界在迅速地旋转着。<br />
<br />
He rotated the globe again, and the world was spinning rapidly.<br />
<br />
我踏着旋转的地球,从紫光阁下走进了胶东的一座座农屋……<br />
<br />
Stepping on the rotating earth, I walked into the farmhouses in Jiaodong from under Ziguangge...<br />
<br />
兄弟们<br />
<br />
Brothers<br />
<br />
——关于性文化<br />
<br />
—Sexual Culture<br />
<br />
国外一位学者说过,只有当一个男人和一个女人结合在一起的时候才是一个完整的人,这也许就是某些长期过独身生活的人为什么在个性上存有某种怪癖的原因。<br />
<br />
A foreign scholar said that only when a man and a woman are together, they become complete people, which may be the reason why some people who have lived celibacy for a long time have some quirks in personality.<br />
<br />
我见到已经40岁的满玉贵时,他刚从滑石坑里爬上来。这个滑石专业户身上沾着白色的滑石粉,坐在那里,没有笑容,没有表情,没有言语,只是闷头抽着烟——他已被生活的雕刀雕刻成一个早衰的“滑石人”！<br />
<br />
When I met Man Yugui, who was 40 years old, he had just climbed up from the talc pit. This talc specialist is stained with white talc powder, sitting there, without smile, expression or words, just smoking a cigarette—he has been carved into an early aging "talc man" by the carving knife of life!<br />
<br />
满家是有名的“光棍堂”,兄弟三个,加一个老父亲。三间草屋住着四个光棍, 没有空间容纳异性。<br />
<br />
The Man family were famous bachelors, with three brothers and an old father. There were four bachelors living in three huts without room for the opposite sex.<br />
<br />
大队干部像在为一块化石做讲解:“……咱村守着滑石山,过去不让开,后来王 济夫书记在喇叭里号召大伙儿勤劳致富,弟兄三个去年干了一年,成了万元户……是不是玉贵?”<br />
<br />
The cadres of the brigade seemed to be explaining for a fossil: "... Our village guards the talc mountain and prohibited others from mining. Later, Secretary Wang Jifu called on everyone to work hard and get rich in the horn. The three brothers worked for a year last year and became the household with 10,000 yuan... Right, Yugui? "<br />
<br />
满玉贵抬起头来,不正眼看人,“嗯”了一声,又闷下头去。<br />
<br />
Man Yugui looked up, didn't look at people. "Yes", and he lowered his head again.<br />
<br />
“去年盖了四间新瓦房,老六说上了媳妇。先弟弟,后哥哥……是不是玉贵?”<br />
<br />
"Last year, four new tile houses were built, and the sixth child of your family got married. The First one who got married was your little brother, then your older brother... Right, Yugui?"<br />
<br />
这话半带戏谑,满玉贵脖子转了转,没有吱声。<br />
<br />
This was kind of banter, so Man Yugui turned around without making a reply.<br />
<br />
满玉贵也曾有过美好的青春年华,身上充满了生命的汁水。可是,当他进入 “青春发育期”的同时,也进入了“饥寒交迫期”。那一年,老五得了“老虎卡”死在医院里,交不上住院费,医院不让往回拉尸首,一家人四处求借,又把一口半大猪卖掉,才把小尸首拉回来。没几天老三得了同样的病,医院干脆拒之门外,活活死在家里了。<br />
<br />
Man Yugui once had the best years, and his body was full of the juice of life. However, when he entered the puberty period, he also entered the "hunger and cold period". That year, Lao Wu infected leprosy and died in the hospital. They couldn't pay the hospitalization fee, so the hospital wouldn't let them pull the corpse back. The family asked for loans everywhere, and sold a pig neither too big nor too little so that they could pull the corpse back. A few days later, the third child got the same disease, so the hospital simply turned away and the child died at home.<br />
<br />
从那,900元的债务一直压得四条汉子直不起腰来。<br />
<br />
Since then, the debt of 900 yuan put pressure on the four men.<br />
<br />
一位心理学家说,青年期的本能发动是青年人格再造的契机。面前端坐不动的满玉贵,不正是由于两种饥饿、两种压抑造成的性格的变形吗?<br />
<br />
A psychologist said that the instinct of youth is an opportunity for young people to rebuild their personality. For Man Yugui, who sat still, was it not because of the deformation of character caused by two kinds of hunger and two kinds of depression?<br />
<br />
“你们都帮帮他的忙啊!”我对众人说。<br />
<br />
"You all help him!" I said to everyone.<br />
<br />
有人插话:“前天邻村一个治保主任坐拖拉机摔死了,撇下媳妇和两个孩子。”<br />
<br />
Someone interjected: "The day before yesterday, a security director in a neighboring village fell to his death on a tractor, leaving his wife and two children."<br />
<br />
我说:“抓紧给办!”<br />
<br />
I said, "Hurry up and fix them up!"<br />
<br />
一个笑容在满玉贵脸上闪过,充满羞涩,也充满向往,像乌云遮蔽的天空忽然显出的一道霞光,把一个秘密也透露出来——前些年由于物质生活的匮乏,这个老光棍已经断了娶亲的念头,现在的致富之路又唤起了他的阳刚萌动,“死灰复燃”。不久前,县里开专业户代表大会,满玉贵特意去做了一身料子服,他要像个人样地走在女同胞面前！<br />
<br />
He flashed a smile, full of shyness and yearning, like a sudden glow in the sky covered by dark clouds, revealing a secret. A few years ago, due to the lack of material life, this old bachelor had given up getting married, but now his wealth aroused his masculinity. Not long ago, the county held a specialist congress, and Man Yugui specially tailored a woollen cloth to his needs. He wanted to walk in front of women in dignity!<br />
<br />
今天的性文化尚受着经济的制约。当我们清算“左”的路线对中国农村造成 的挫伤时,很少把性——这一具有人类意义的事情考虑在内！<br />
<br />
Today's sex culture is still restricted by economy. When we think of the influence caused by the left-wing politics to rural China, we seldom take sex, which is of human significance, into account!<br />
<br />
“你要去坑里看看吗?就早一些……”满玉贵面孔对着我,眼睛却不看我。<br />
<br />
"Do you want to go to the pit to have a look? Just earlier..." Man Yugui faced me, but he didn't look at me.<br />
<br />
我随他下到了深深的滑石坑里,那里面又潮湿又黑暗,有些地方要趴下身子才能过得去。<br />
<br />
I followed him down into the deep talc pit, which was damp and dark, and there were places where I had to lie down to get by.<br />
<br />
他每天就下到这里面,跪在地上,用镐头一下下刨掘着,然后用辘伊绞上去。那是对自己命运的刨掘,对失去年华的刨掘,他要从那里面寻找出失落的希望吗?<br />
<br />
He goes down here every day, kneels on the ground, digs down with a pick, and then use manual crane to send talc up. Is that the digging of his own destiny, the digging of the lost years? And dose he want to find out the lost hope from it?<br />
<br />
回到满玉贵家来,76岁的老父亲气喘吁吁地对我说:“早年给玉贵提亲的也有,一打听,弟兄多,不干;这几年有提的,问有房吗? 一听还没盖,又不干。哥哥没有,弟弟也不找,两个都误下了……这眼下钱不愁了,俺打算再盖他八间房,给老大和老二娶上媳妇,俺也就没心事啦。”<br />
<br />
When I returned to Man Yugui's home, his 76-year-old father panted and said to me: "There were also people who proposed marriage to Yugui in the early years. After they inquired, they found there were many brothers so they gave up. In recent years, some people also proposed marriage. After they knew we didn’t have a house, they gave up. The older brother didn’t find a wife, so the younger brother also didn’t do that. Both of them missed good timing... Now we are free from worries of money, so I plan to build many houses for them to marry a daughter-in-law. After that, I have nothing on my mind."<br />
<br />
对面是老六的新房。那是沙漠里的一片绿洲,那是一座不会幻灭的“海市蜃楼”！<br />
<br />
Opposite was the sixth child's new house. It was an oasis in the desert, a mirage that will not be disillusioned!<br />
<br />
新房是一个诱人的红火的世界。顶棚上裱着粉红色的花纸,坑上放着火红花被。屋子里到处都是“花”:花瓶里插着的,镜子上挂着的,塑料花盆里“开”着的, 还有缝纫机上蒙着的……玻璃板下压着小夫妻到大连旅游结婚留下的合影。有一幅是在圆明园“创造世界”的石碑下照的。新房充满了温馨的气息。<br />
<br />
The new house was an attractive red world. The ceiling was plastered with pink flower paper, and red flower quilts were placed on the heatable brick bed. There were "flowers" everywhere in the house: those put in vases, those hanging on mirrors, those blooming in plastic flowerpots, and those covered on sewing machines... Under the glass plate were photos of this young couple traveling to Dalian for marriage. One was taken under the stone tablet of Creating the World in Yuanmingyuan. The new house was full of warmth.<br />
<br />
新媳妇从山上回来了,她粗壮,健康,圆圆的脸盘,双眼皮,长得很喜相,而且, 她的腹部已经微微隆起……<br />
<br />
The new daughter-in-law came back from the mountain. She was thick and healthy, with a round and endearing face and double eyelids. Her belly had slightly bulged...<br />
<br />
她走进了这个家庭,不但实现了一个“人”的个性的和谐与完美,也给这个濒于破灭的家庭带来了生气和活力。<br />
<br />
When she entered this family, she not only realized the harmony and perfection of a human personality, but also brought vitality to this shattered family.<br />
<br />
新媳妇在炕前叠着从院里收回的一堆衣服,不时用目光瞟一下陌生的客人。<br />
<br />
She was folding a pile of clothes got from the courtyard in front of their heatable brick bed, and glanced at strange guests from time to time.<br />
<br />
而满玉贵站在门外,一直没有踏进这个“世界”,也从不看他的弟媳一眼,只顾闷头抽着烟。阳光下,他的脸有几分涨红。<br />
<br />
Man Yugui stood outside the door, never set foot in this world, never looked at his sister-in-law, and he only smoked. In the sun, his face turned a little red.<br />
<br />
他站在幸福的门外,<br />
<br />
He stood outside the door of happiness,<br />
<br />
丢掉了钥匙。<br />
<br />
lost the key.<br />
<br />
他在等待着,<br />
<br />
He was waiting,<br />
<br />
寻找钥匙的人归来……<br />
<br />
waiting for the one who looked for the key returned...<br />
<br />
姊妹们<br />
<br />
Sisters<br />
<br />
——关于女性的尊严<br />
<br />
—About the Dignity of Women<br />
<br />
这是在著名的“金城天府”招远县城里,一个“姊妹理发店”的招牌,受委屈似的挂在凹进去的街面上。<br />
<br />
This is in Zhaoyuan County, the famous Jincheng Tianfu. The signboard of Sister Barber Shop hung on the crooked street as if it felt wronged.<br />
<br />
这招牌引起我的好奇心:“这是农村来的个体户吧?”<br />
<br />
This signboard aroused my curiosity: "Is this a self-employed person from the countryside?"<br />
<br />
陪同我的同志神秘地朝我摆摆手:“别提它了!”<br />
<br />
The comrade accompanying me mysteriously waved his hand to me: "Don't mention this!"<br />
<br />
“怎么回事?”<br />
<br />
"What's going on?"<br />
<br />
“不正经……卖淫。”<br />
<br />
"This is monkey business... prostitution."<br />
<br />
“这不会!”我不知为什么一下子就站在她们的立场上,“光天化日之下,怎么可能呢?再说有街道,有公安。”<br />
<br />
"Impossible!" I didn't know why I suddenly stood in their position. "How is it possible in broad daylight? Besides, there are streets and police."<br />
<br />
“街上都这么说。”<br />
<br />
"That's what all people say."<br />
<br />
“你见过吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have you seen it?"<br />
<br />
“没有。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“我们下午去理理发吧!”<br />
<br />
"Let's have a haircut this afternoon!"<br />
<br />
“不 我不去。”<br />
<br />
"No, I won't go."<br />
<br />
下午,我们还是一起去了。但陪同我的同志跨进姊妹理发店时的神色是紧张的,还下意识地回身看了一下是否有熟人瞧见。<br />
<br />
In the afternoon, we still go there together. But the comrade who accompanied me looked nervous when he stepped into this barber shop, and subconsciously turned around to see if any acquaintances had seen him.<br />
<br />
屋里的理发设施一应俱全。墙上挂着《大众电影》《大众电视》《人民文学》和一些小人书。长案上放着一些摇铃、汽车、吹塑动物等儿童玩具,长案下面还放着一些雨伞。经营者的慧心可鉴。<br />
<br />
Hairdressing facilities were available in the house. There were ''Popular Movies'', ''Popular TV'', ''People's Literature'' and some linked pictures hanging on the wall. There were children's toys such as bells, cars and blow mold animals on the long desk, and umbrellas under tit. The operators' wisdom can be learned.<br />
<br />
三姊妹身穿白色的工作服,正忙于刀剪声中。她们的年龄在16至25岁之间。 都生得白皙、苗条。老大温柔、沉静,烫着“波浪式老二留着“波卷式”,看得出性格比较活泼、伶俐;老三是“青年式”,嘴角上含着一股刚强之气。她们的目光一直低垂着,里面藏着沉重的东西。<br />
<br />
Dressed in white overalls, the three sisters were busy with the sound of knives and scissors. They were between 16 and 25 years old and were all fair-skinned and slim. The eldest was gentle, quiet, with wavy hair, and the second had shag hairstyle, which showed that she was lively and clever; The third had short hair, with an air of confidence on the corners of her mouth. Their eyes have been lowered, with heavy things hidden inside.<br />
<br />
大姐理完了一个,淡淡地望了我ー下,那就是她的语言了。我过去坐定后,主动和她搭讪:<br />
<br />
The oldest sister finished cutting one’ hair and looked at me gently. That was her language. After I went to sit down, I took the initiative to chat up her:<br />
<br />
“你们是从哪里来的?”<br />
<br />
"Where do you come from?"<br />
<br />
“陈家沙埠。”她很矜持。<br />
<br />
"Chenjia shabu." She was very reserved.<br />
<br />
“家里几口人?”<br />
<br />
"How many people are there in the family?"<br />
<br />
“七 口。”<br />
<br />
"Seven."<br />
<br />
“分了多少责任田?”<br />
<br />
"How many fields you are responsible for are divided?"<br />
<br />
“三亩。”<br />
<br />
"Three mu."<br />
<br />
“种地怎么办?”<br />
<br />
"What about farming?"<br />
<br />
“农忙了回去。”<br />
<br />
"When it is busy for farming, we’ll come back."<br />
<br />
“吃饭呢?”<br />
<br />
"What about meals?"<br />
<br />
“原来从家里带,现在买着吃。”<br />
<br />
"We used to bring them from home and buy them now."<br />
<br />
“住在哪里呢?”<br />
<br />
"Where do you live?"<br />
<br />
她乜了一眼镜子里的我,冷冷地:“城里。”便垂下眼皮,不愿再回答我的问话。<br />
<br />
She squinted at me in the mirror and said coldly, "In the city." She then lowered her eyelids and refused to answer my question.<br />
<br />
姑娘,你不要误解了文学,生活走到哪里,文学就跟到哪里。它愿做每ー个生 命的守护神,为她艰难的跋涉喊一声号子,为她暗夜的寻觅送ー支烛光。姑娘,愿 意向我打开你的心扉吗?<br />
<br />
Girl, don't misunderstand literature. Wherever life goes, literature will follow. It is willing to be the patron saint of every life, sing a work song for her difficult trek, and send a candlelight for her search in the dark night. Girl, would you like to open your heart to me?<br />
<br />
姑娘的名字叫郝朝霞,两个妹妹叫郝彩霞和郝丽霞。这是霞光一样美丽的名 字,却落在一个贫穷的村庄里。干部走马灯似的换了一茬又一茬,到如今村里一个工副业项目也没有。队里规定:凡是劳动カ都得向大队交费用。男劳力每年交二百,女劳力每年交一百（这和那些商品生产发展比较好的大队,给予农田补贴形成了鲜明的对比）。她们家欠着队里600多元的账,郝朝霞初中毕业后,只得辍学回村,跟着当理发员的父亲学起了理发……<br />
<br />
The girl's name is Hao Zhaoxia, and her two sisters are Hao Caixia and Hao Lixia. They are beautiful names like twilight colors, but these girls lived in a poor village. Officials have changed one after another, and now there is no sideline project in the village. It was stipulated in the production team that all laborers had to pay fees to the team. Male laborers paid 200 yuan a year, while female laborers paid 100 yuan a year, which was in sharp contrast to those teams with better commodity production development and agricultural subsidies). Their family owed more than 600 yuan to the team, so Hao Zhaoxia had to drop out of school and return to the village after graduating from junior high school, and learned hairdressing with her father who was a hairdresser...<br />
<br />
“姊妹理发店”的牌子在招远县城挂起来了!那店牌牌上的字是干了一辈子理发营生的老父亲亲手写的。<br />
<br />
The signboard of Sister Barber Shop has been hung up in Zhaoyuan County! The words on the shop signboard were written by their old father who had worked as a barber all his life.<br />
<br />
农村姑娘进城办第三产业,这本身就是一种挑战,向国营企业的“铁饭碗”挑战,向传统的习俗挑战!这种挑战必然要遇到传统势力的反击。<br />
<br />
Rural girls go to the city to run the tertiary industry, which is a challenge in itself, to the "iron rice bowl" of state-owned enterprises and to traditional customs! This kind of challenge is bound to meet the counterattack of traditional authorities.<br />
<br />
她们按照美的原则去修剪着生活,而生活却把丑恶推到她们面前——<br />
<br />
They trimmed life according to the principle of beauty, but life pushes ugliness before them.<br />
<br />
一群喝醉了酒的青工晚上闯进来,视这些农民的女儿如手心玩物,口出秽言; 一个心怀叵测的人把一张纸条塞给姑娘,约她幽会;捕风捉影的谣言随之而起……<br />
<br />
A group of drunken young workers broke in at night, treating these farmers' daughters as playthings and uttering filthy words. A person with sinister motives stuffed a note to a girl and asked her to meet secretly. Then people put two and two together and made five...<br />
<br />
在中国,有什么比这种道德的飞短流长更能置人于死地?有人要把无形的裹布重新缠到她们脚上。<br />
<br />
In China, what can kill people more than spreading embroidered stories and malicious gossip of them in terms of morals? Someone wanted to wrap the invisible cloth around their feet again.<br />
<br />
这个小小的理发店,离县政府并不远。但愿妇联、共青团的目光早日注意到她们!<br />
<br />
This small barber shop was not far from the county government. I hoped the All-China Women's Federation and the Communist Youth League will notice them as soon as possible!<br />
<br />
临别时我对她们说:“你们可以把土地转让出去,专一在城里从事这项工作,还可以在城里买地皮、盖楼房,理直气壮地生活!”她们不时地发问:“这行吗? 行吗?”<br />
<br />
When I left, I said to them: "You can transfer the land and do this job in the city. You can also buy land, build houses and live confidently in the city!" From time to time, they ask, "Is this feasible?"<br />
<br />
行的!扬起头来吧,姐妹们!你们已经作为先进生产力的代表,走上了历史的舞台！用你们手中的剪刀,去剪断传统束缚在你们身上的绳索。这是新的妇女运动史！在韧性的抗争中,取得你们的自尊、自强、自重、自爱！<br />
<br />
Sure! Raise your head, sisters! As representatives of advanced productive forces, you have stepped onto the stage of history! Use the scissors in your hands to cut the ropes that are traditionally bound to you. This is the new history of women's campaign! In the struggle of resilience, you gain your self-esteem, self-improvement, self-respect and self-love!<br />
<br />
女性的尊严,在你们自身的创造之中！<br />
<br />
The dignity of women is in your own creation!<br />
<br />
夫妻们<br />
<br />
Couples<br />
<br />
——关于夫妻关系<br />
<br />
—About the relationship between husband and wife<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系一:蘑菇,开门吧!）<br />
<br />
(Relationship one: Mushroom, open the door!)<br />
<br />
他,姜希增,腰里掖上一头“猪”,千里迢迢去山西原平农学院找一位李教授。 他在《中国青年》上看到李教授关于食用猴头菌可以抑制癌症的文章,专程去拜师——他的父亲和祖母都是因为癌症过世的。<br />
<br />
He, Jiang Xizeng, tied a pig to his waist and set out on the long trek to Shanxi Yuanping Agricultural College to find a professor Li. He read Professor Li's article about eating Hericium erinaceus to inhibit cancer in China Youth, so he made a special trip to formally acknowledge him as his master, for his father and grandmother both died of cancer.<br />
<br />
他从山西买回了菌种,他回家来搞的试验却失败了。<br />
<br />
He bought the strain from Shanxi, but the experiment at home failed.<br />
<br />
妻子史春芝犯了胃溃疡,在炕上一边哼哼一边抱怨:“家里穷得连饭都吃不上, 你把一头猪胡摆治了……”<br />
<br />
His wife, Shi Chunzhi, committed a gastric ulcer and complained while humming on the heatable brick bed: "We are too poor to eat food, but you should waste a pig..."<br />
<br />
姜希增一肚子火气正没处出,吼了一声:“老娘儿们家就会穷叨叨！”<br />
<br />
Jiang Xizeng found nowhere to give vent to his anger, so he yelled: "You old pussy chatters like a magpie!"<br />
<br />
这使史春芝大为伤心,她本来就满肚子委屈。当初和他结婚,那是冲他在外面“吃国库粮”,指望跟他“跳农门”,上大城市。1961年工厂下马,他捧着个“光荣证”回了乡。混不上吃,混不上穿,每年靠一位吃薪金的叔叔捎包旧衣裳、补贴20块钱接济。两口子每有龃龉,史春芝总少不了一句传统骂语:“当初俺上了你 的当!”<br />
<br />
This made Shi Chunzhi very sad. She was already full of grievances. She married him because he had urban household registration, and she expected to get rid of the identity of a farmer with him and go to a big city. In 1961, when the factory was closed, he returned to his hometown with a Certificate of Honor. He can’t make both ends meet, so he relied on an uncle who had salary to take old clothes and subsidize 20 yuan every year. Every time the couple had disagreements, Shi Chunzhi always cursed him out: "I was taken in by you at the beginning!"<br />
<br />
每听到这里,姜希增都不再吱声,好像这桩婚姻完全是由于他的骗局造成的。<br />
<br />
Every time he heard this, he stopped speaking, as if his scam was the culprit of their marriage.<br />
<br />
他想再去一趟山西,却筹集不起路费。<br />
<br />
He wanted to go to Shanxi again, but he couldn't afford the travelling expenses.<br />
<br />
后来听说莱阳农学院也有微生物课程,便瞒着老婆骑上自行车去了,在学校大门口见人就拦:“哪个老师教微生物?管种蘑菇?”<br />
<br />
Later, he heard that Laiyang Agricultural College also had microbiology courses, so he rode his bicycle without telling his wife. He stopped everyone he saw at the gate of this college: "Which teacher teaches microbiology and know how to plant mushrooms?"<br />
<br />
史春芝一天没有见到丈夫,心中好生纳闷,待傍晚看到他又傻呵呵带着ー些菌种回来时,ー赌气关上了房门。<br />
<br />
Shi Chunzhi didn't see her husband for a day, so she was puzzled. When she saw him come back with some strains with an air of idiocy in the evening, she closed the door in anger.<br />
<br />
“他妈,开门吧!”<br />
<br />
"My wife, open the door!"<br />
<br />
没有吱声,和旧生活告别的夜晚是凄冷的。<br />
<br />
There was no reply. The night of saying goodbye to the old life is chilly.<br />
<br />
“蘑菇,开门吧!”<br />
<br />
"Mushroom, open the door!"<br />
<br />
蘑菇向他把门敞开了!他在室内试种了 20平方米的蘑菇,获得了可喜的 收成!<br />
<br />
Mushrooms opened the door to him! He planted experimentally 20 square meters of mushrooms indoors and got a gratifying harvest!<br />
<br />
姜希增又拿出半亩责任田来种植他的理想。1983年收入9000斤蘑菇,纯收入5000多元;菌种收入3000多元。还有个收益是老婆的变化,她的胃溃疡竟然吃蘑菇吃好了,脾气也变好了。<br />
<br />
Jiang Xizeng took out half a mu of farmland he was responsible for to plant his ideal. In 1983, he harvested 4,500 kg of mushrooms, and the net income was more than 5,000 yuan. The income of strains was more than 3,000 yuan. Another benefit was the change of his wife. Her gastric ulcer was cured by eating mushrooms and her temper has improved.<br />
<br />
现在姜希增是胶东有名的“蘑菇状元”。他不仅在本村带起了十几个专业户, 还搞“技术输出”,应邀到各地做技术指导,光缴学费的学生就有60多人。<br />
<br />
Now Jiang Xizeng is a famous "mushroom champion" in Jiaodong. He not only nurtured more than a dozen specialists in the village, but also exported technology. He was invited to give technical guidance in various places. More than 60 students paid tuition fees alone.<br />
<br />
“他出去跑,家里这ー摊子就揭给我!”史春芝爽快地对我说。<br />
<br />
"He went to other places, and I'm in charge of business at home!" Shi Chunzhi said to me readily.<br />
<br />
“你会吗?”<br />
<br />
"Do you know how to stay in business?"<br />
<br />
“看也看会了！过去我不是反对他,是对经济不放心。孩子还上学,拉下饥荒怎么办?现在他花3000多块钱买设备,我都不说他……”<br />
<br />
"I have been seeing him do this for a long time! In the past, I was not against him, but worried about money. Our children are still in school, so what should we do if we are in debt? Now he spends more than 3,000 yuan to buy equipment, but I don't even blame him..."<br />
<br />
姜希增自得地坐在“生当作人杰,死亦为鬼雄”的诗联下,他不但敲开了致富之门,也在“拜师”的热潮中得到了一种精神的满足,一种人格和道德的完善。现在他反过来挑剔着妻子:“老娘儿们家眼光就是短浅,光认钱。有几个钱,又烧得慌,要给孩子做’将军服’,你怎么不做个’元帅服’、做个蟒袍玉带?老百姓要穿老百姓服!”<br />
<br />
Jiang Xizeng sat proudly under the poetic couplet of "Be man of men while you're alive, And soul of souls if you're dead." He not only knocks on the door to be successful, but also gets spiritual satisfaction and personality and moral perfection in the upsurge of "taking others as their teacher". Now he is critical of his wife in turn: "You old ladies are short-sighted and only pay attention to money. If you have money, it will burn a hole in your pocket, and you want to make a general uniform for your children. Why don't you make a marshal uniform and an emperor’s uniform? Ordinary people should wear ordinary people's clothes!"<br />
<br />
史春芝像个少女似的,嗔怪地瞧他一眼:“就你能!”把一杯浓茶摆到他面 前……<br />
<br />
Shi Chunzhi looked at him like a girl, and rebuked: "You are too arrogant!" And she put a cup of strong tea before him...<br />
<br />
商品生产调节了这个家庭的夫妻关系,虽然它不免带一点“夫贵妻荣”的封建 色彩,但毕竟是靠自己的劳动换来的和谐和荣耀!<br />
<br />
Commodity production adjusts the relationship between husband and wife in this family. Although it inevitably has feudalism of "when husband is rich, his wife is proud", it is harmony and glory exchanged by one's own labor after all!<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系二:空中丝绸之路）<br />
<br />
(Relationship two: Silk Road in the air)<br />
<br />
我在牟平龙泉乡访问了一对年轻夫妇,他们乘坐飞机到西藏销售服装,开辟空中“丝绸之路”,充满了传奇色彩。这不仅意味着他们的时间观念和生活方式的改变,其中还包含着一种象征:新一代农民在起飞。<br />
<br />
I visited a young couple in Longquan Township, Muping. They flew to Tibet to sell clothes by taking a plane so as to blaze a Silk Road in the air, which was full of legends. This means not only the change of their concept of time and lifestyle, but also a symbol: a new generation of farmers is becoming better.<br />
<br />
小媳妇叫于政芳,今年23岁,她已经不甘于母亲那样的生活一把一双脚用 布裹起来,一生厮守着锅台和鸡窝。首先在“终身大事”上,她就挨弃了 “媒妁之言,父母之命”的旧传统。<br />
<br />
The wife was Yu Zhengfang, 23 years old. She was unwilling to live like her mother who wrapped her feet in cloth and stayed with kitchen and chicken coops all her life. First of all, in the lifelong important event, she abandoned the old tradition of an arranged marriage.<br />
<br />
从我记事起,村里就有一些不断翻新的有关婚俗的儿歌:“小嫂小嫂快快长,长大了跟村长,穿皮鞋嘎嘎响……”“ー个兜的靠边站,两个兜的看ー看,三个兜的叫爹也干!”发展到近来已是:“收音机带相片儿（电视）,缝纫机带锁边儿,自行车带冒烟儿,手表带跑星期天儿。”这些儿歌虽不能登大雅之堂,却在某种程度上反映了经济变化对人们婚姻观的影响。<br />
<br />
As far as I can remember, there have been some children's songs about marriage customs that are constantly being changed in the village: "Little sister-in-law grows up quickly so that you can go with the village head who wears rattling leather shoes..." "People with one pocket stand aside, two pockets can be thought of, and three pockets can even be called daddy!" Recently, it has been: "Radios with pictures (TV), sewing machines with overlocking function, bicycles with smoke (motorcycle), watches with Sunday (day-date watches)." Although these children's songs can't be elegant, they reflect the influence of economic changes on people's marriage views to some extent.<br />
<br />
而今,姑娘们在寻找发展商品生产中涌现出来的能人。于政芳就是几年前到威海给包工的农民做饭时,认识了“工头”吕宝帅,主动求爱的。<br />
<br />
Nowadays, girls are looking for talented people emerging in the process of the development of commodity production. Yu Zhengfang met Lyu Baoshuai, a labor contractor, and took the initiative to woo him when she went to Weihai to cook for migrant workers a few years ago.<br />
<br />
我第一次去吕宝帅家访问,夫妇双双去温州做生意去了,只有外公带着小燕妮（看来他们还是崇拜马克思的）在家看门。<br />
<br />
When I visited Lyu Baoshuai's home for the first time, both husband and wife went to Wenzhou to do business. Only the grandfather took care of little Yanni (It seemed that they still worshiped Marx) and acted as a doorkeeper.<br />
<br />
我第二次访问见到了于政芳。她上着粉红色的确良夏衫,下着乳白色的百褶裙,坐在折叠椅上。而炕头上横着一个一米多长的老式大枕头。<br />
<br />
I met Yu Zhengfang on my second visit. She wore a pink Dacron summer shirt and a milky white pleated skirt, sitting on a folding chair. On the heatable brick bed was an old-fashioned pillow more than one meter long.<br />
<br />
挺秀气、时髦的一个姑娘,一张口却不时显露出粗野——她保留着祖辈传下来的一些语汇:“驴XX进的”“妈拉个腿儿”……而一提及夫妻关系,她总是说成“老婆汉子”。<br />
<br />
She was very delicate and fashionable, but when she spoke something, her rudeness could be seen from time to time. She spoke some vocabularies handed down from her ancestors like motherfucker, son of a bitch... and when it comes to the relationship between husband and wife, she always says "man and wife".<br />
<br />
她讲起坐飞机的感受:“真舒服呀！开始上升的时候难受一阵儿,飞平了什么也觉不出来。云彩绒嘟嘟的,伸手就能抓住,就和画上的嫦娥奔月ー样……”乘了几个来回的飞机,她体验了“嫦娥奔月”和“仙女下凡”的滋味。上百元一张的飞机票,节省了14天的时间,这是他们的父辈所不具有的时间价值观。<br />
<br />
She talked about the feeling of taking a plane: "It's so comfortable! When the plane started to rise, I felt uncomfortable, but I couldn't feel anything when it flew flat. Clouds are velvet, and you can catch them with your hand, just like the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon in the painting..." After several round-trip planes, she experienced "Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" and "Fairy going down to earth". A plane ticket hundreds of yuan saved 14 days, which was a time value that their parents did not have.<br />
<br />
“死了也闭眼了,不光坐了飞机,还坐了大轮船!”她说着,拿出一本大相册,那上面有他们在各地的留影:有的在布达拉宫,有的在西湖苏堤,有的在上海南京路, 有的在天柱峰……那全是用自己的照相机照的,他们过着旅游式的生活。从这些相片上可以看出一个农村姑娘的演变,由“炊帚把”到烫着披肩发;由粗布衣到时髦裙装……她自豪地说:“就差香港和台湾没去了！”我看到茶盘里堆着些废车票, 那是没有人给他们报销的。<br />
<br />
"It’s worth dying for taking a plane and a ship!" While she said, she took out a big photo album with pictures of them in various places: some in Potala Palace, some in Su Di of West Lake, some in Nanjing Road of Shanghai, and some in Tianzhu Peak … They were all taken with their own camera, and they lived a tourist life. From these photos, we can see the evolution of a rural girl, from flyaway hair to curly hair and from coarse cloth to fashionable skirt... She proudly said: "We only have not gone Hong Kong and Taiwan!" I saw some old tickets piled up in the tea tray, which can’t be reimbursed.<br />
<br />
“现在还去西藏吗?”<br />
<br />
"Are you still going to Tibet?"<br />
<br />
“不去了,最后一趟让人坑了一下子。”她不愿讲被“坑”的详情,也不讲丈夫出差去了哪里,忽然对着外屋喊了声:“凯乐!”（那是印度故事影片《奴里》中一条狗的名字）接着一条大黄狗欢跳着跑进来。这个农民的女儿剥开一块价值两盒火柴的金纸奶糖,向空中一丢,大黄狗熟练地ー下咬到嘴里,甜甜地嚼起来。她接着又剥开了第二块……<br />
<br />
"No, some people cheated us in our last trip." She didn't want to tell the details of being cheated or where her husband went on a business trip. Suddenly, she shouted to the outhouse: "Khairoo!" (That's the name of a dog in the Indian feature film Noorie). Then a big yellow dog jumps in happily. This farmer's daughter peeled off a piece of toffee wrapped with gold paper worth two boxes of matches and threw it into the air. The dog skillfully bit it into her mouth and chewed this sweet food. She then peeled off a second piece...<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系三:青烟升处有人家）<br />
<br />
(Relationship 3: There are people in a place where smoke is curling upward)<br />
<br />
1983年冬月,邢春香去江苏金湖县农机厂看望当临时工的儿子,这是她第一次出远门。<br />
<br />
In the winter of 1983, Xing Chunxiang went to Jinhu County Agricultural Machinery Factory in Jiangsu Province to visit her son who worked as a temporary worker. This was her first time to travel to a distant place.<br />
<br />
她在那里看到橡胶车间全是女工,活儿不累,也挺赚钱,设备只是ー个压力板和一个小烘炉。<br />
<br />
She saw that the rubber workshop was full of women workers there. It was easy to work and make money. The equipment was just a pressure plate and a small oven.<br />
<br />
邢春香带了几个橡胶制品回来,和老头子肖振竹商量:“咱办个家庭工厂吧。” 老头子摇摇头说:“上哪弄资金?”邢春香说:“现在兴贷款,挣了再还!”老头子又愁销路,邢春香说:“孩子有个干爹跑供销,能帮忙。再说一回生,两回熟,三回成了老主顾。”老头子还愁没技术,邢春香说:“咱儿子就能当老师!”<br />
<br />
Xing Chunxiang brought back some rubber products and discussed with his husband Xiao Zhenzhu: "Let's set up a family factory." The old man shook his head and said, "Where can we get the money?" Xing said: "Now it’s popular to loan money from a bank, we can pay it back after we earn money!" The old man was worried about the selling line again. Xing Chunxiang said, "Our child’s godfather working in supply and marketing can help. Besides, difficult the first time, easy the second. We become regular customers the third time." The old man still worried that they didn’t have the know-how, but Xing said: "Our son can be a teacher!"<br />
<br />
经过一番筹措、铺排,第一批货出厂不久,嘎嚇嚇的票子就汇过来了,这一下小山村轰动了!村里大闺女、小媳妇、壮小伙子都争着来当“工人”。现在这位老嫂子自命为“经理”,讲话满口新名词儿:<br />
<br />
After arrangement and preparation, the first batch of goods was produced from the factory, and a hefty sum of money was remitted, which caused a sensation in the small mountain village! Girls, wives and strong young men in the village were all vying to be workers. Now the old woman called herself manager, and her speech is full of new terms:<br />
<br />
“眼时咱体制小,用不了这么多人,资金也流动不开。<br />
<br />
"Now we have a small system, so we don’t need so many people so that we can make money flow."<br />
<br />
“这一次生产的都是汽车、火车上用的橡胶制品,销北京汽车装配公司,天津宏 光五金厂、吉林铁路上、银川刚拉上关系……跑外都是我,采胶得上远地,沈阳、天津……老头子从来没出过门,打怯……<br />
<br />
"This time, all the rubber products produced are used in cars and trains. They are sold to Beijing Automobile Assembly Company, Tianjin Hongguang Hardware Factory and Jilin Railway. We just pulled wires with companies in Yinchuan... I am in charge of doing business outside, and I have to buy rubber far away, like Shenyang, Tianjin... My husband has never been on a long journey, so he is timid...<br />
<br />
“说起来我进这家20来年了,连个悖悖也吃不上,光吃地瓜。一年分三四十斤小麦,不够来客的,有一口半口好吃的,也都先尽他爷们儿……”<br />
<br />
"I have married him for over 20 years, but I can't even eat a bun cake. I just eat sweet potatoes. We got thirty or forty jin of wheat a year, which is not enough for visitors. If there is a mouthful of delicious food, I’ll give it to my husband and son..."<br />
<br />
丈夫肖振竹——那个被控诉对象,在忙着做午饭,一直没有搭言。这个种庄稼能手,现在矮了半截。他作为家庭重心的时代已经结束了。<br />
<br />
Xiao Zhenzhu, the accused object, was busy cooking lunch and never spoke. This expert in planting crops is now a cut below. His time as the center of family is over.<br />
<br />
瞧这一家子<br />
<br />
Look at This Family<br />
<br />
——关于家庭内部关系<br />
<br />
—Internal Family Relations<br />
<br />
今天,以血缘关系和传统伦理道德维系着的农村家庭,正接受着新文明浪潮的冲击,正悄悄地产生着一些微妙的变化。<br />
<br />
Today, rural families, which are maintained by blood relationship and traditional ethics, are impacted by the new civilization tide and are quietly undergoing some subtle changes.<br />
<br />
这一家子是掖县徐家公社原家大队人。全家13口人,成员构成是4个儿子、3个儿媳、1个女儿、2个孙子、1个孙女,加上老两口。按常规,这个大家庭将面临分家的边缘,家长们也只能靠伦理观念和封建的家长权威来调节儿女妣姓之间的矛盾。<br />
<br />
This family is from the Yuan brigade of Xu Commune in Ye County. There are 13 people in the whole family, including 4 sons, 3 daughters-in-law, 1 daughter, 2 grandsons, 1 granddaughter, and the parents. Normally, this big family will face the division of possessions, and parents can only rely on ethical concepts and feudal parental authority to mediate contradictions among their children and sisters-in-law.<br />
<br />
1983年初,54岁的原成芳老汉为了给家中的劳力找出路,办了个家庭塑料厂。<br />
<br />
At the beginning of 1983, 54-year-old Yuan Chengfang set up a family plastic factory in order to find direction in life for laborers in his family.<br />
<br />
老汉和老伴商量:“队上办厂子为什么跨了?就是没有章程,整天打打吵吵,最后只剩下个空房子。”老伴说:“都是自己家里的人,定不定规矩不要紧。”老汉说: “那不行,丑话头里说。现在不定,以后出了问题再定就晚了。”<br />
<br />
The old man discussed with his wife: "Why did the brigade’s factory go bankrupt? Because there is no charter, and fighting and noises are on all day. Finally there is only an empty house left." His wife said: "They are all people in their own family. It doesn't matter if you decide the rules." The old man said, "Let me speak frankly, that won't work. If we don’t set rules now, it will be too late when something goes wrong in the future."<br />
<br />
晚上,老汉召集家庭会议:<br />
<br />
In the evening, the old man held a family meeting:<br />
<br />
“中央叫咱致富,咱得给政府壮壮脸,咱这个工厂要办就办好!现在竞争这么厉害,没有个章法不行,第一条咱得有个厂长!”<br />
<br />
"The central government asks us to be successful, so we should live up to its expectations. If we decide to set up a factory, we should do it well! Now the competition is so fierce, it won’t work if there is no rule. The first one is that we should have a factory director!"<br />
<br />
当然,没有人敢和老汉竞选,儿女们只觉得新鲜有趣,忍俊不禁举手通过了“爹厂长”。<br />
<br />
Of course, no one dared to run against the old man, and the children only thought it novel and interesting, so they couldn't help raising their hands and approved the proposal.<br />
<br />
老汉说:“好,我是厂长了,就按工厂的条条办。麻雀虽小,五脏俱全,下面我来给你们分分工……”<br />
<br />
The old man said, "OK, I'm the factory director now, so I'll manage it according to the rules of the factory. Even a fly has its spleen. Let me assign tasks..."<br />
<br />
这位“厂长爹”的分工是颇有心计的:大儿子兼会计;闺女兼考勤员;老四负责生产调度和质量检查、现金保管——他没成家,没有私心;老汉兼管技术和供销;老伴管“后勤”。8个劳力,分四班倒,6小时一班,每班有定额。媳妇、姑娘工资制, 每月25元,这是搽胭脂、抹粉钱,年底再分红。坚持考勤制度,迟到1分钟扣半天工资,超过5分钟扣1天工资……<br />
<br />
The factory director was quite calculating: the eldest son was an accountant; the daughter was responsible for attendance; the fourth child was responsible for production scheduling, quality inspection, and the custody of cash—he didn’t start a family, so he had no selfish motives; the old man was in charge of technology, supply and marketing; his wife was in charge of logistics. There were 8 laborers, which were divided into four shifts and they worked a 6-hour shift, with a quota for each shift. Daughters-in-law and his daughter can receive 25 yuan salary every month, which was for them to but rouge and powder, and they would have dividends at the end of the year. According to the attendance system, half-a-day salary will be deducted for being late for 1 minute, and one-day salary for more than 5 minutes...<br />
<br />
章程订出来了,全“厂”通过,大红纸一写,贴在迎门墙上。<br />
<br />
The charter was established, and everyone approved it. It was written in red paper and posted on the entrance wall.<br />
<br />
大媳妇娘家是珍珠乡大辛台人,来去30里。一次回娘家,她晚回来10分钟罚去了1天工资。大媳妇第二次回娘家,撇下已经下到锅里的饺子,一身大汗地蹬着车子赶回来。<br />
<br />
The eldest daughter-in-law was from Daxintai, Pearl Township, which was 30 miles away. Once she went back to her parents’ home, she came back 10 minutes late and was fined one day's salary. When she went back to her parents’ home for the second time, she left the dumplings that had been put into the pot, and pedaled back in a sweat.<br />
<br />
我去这个家庭工厂访问时,他们已被评为“五好家庭”,女儿原素玮被评为“好小姑”。<br />
<br />
When I visited this family factory, they had been rated as Five Virtues Family and the daughter Yuan Suwei was rated as Good Husband's Younger Sister.<br />
<br />
我问这位“好小姑”：“你和你嫂子那么好,替她多干一会儿不行吗?干吗要罚呢?”<br />
<br />
I asked her, "You and your sister-in-law have a good relationship, can't you work for her for a while? Why do you fine her for her late?"<br />
<br />
“好玄！这个嫂子误一会儿,那个嫂子误一会儿,还不把我累死!”<br />
<br />
"Your idea is strange! If this sister-in-law is late, and that sister-in-law is late, I’ll be exhausted!"<br />
<br />
他们不是在人为地创造戏剧。商品生产迫使他们走向社会。在过去从事集体生产时,家庭成员之间的经济关系,基本是在消费领域中。消费和传统的伦理家教,成为联结家庭的两个纽带。现在家庭成了一个独立的生产单位,他们不光用生产者的观点考虑问题了,还要从经营者的角度考虑技术、信息、市场,他们需要提高效率,提高竞争能力。在时间观念上,他们不能再像过去那样只分春夏秋冬,或者含糊地“吃顿饭的工夫”“抽袋烟的工夫”。家庭成员之间不仅有直接生产的关系, 还有交换劳动和交换产品的关系,甚至竞争关系!家庭成员之间的分配关系随着生产方式的改变也在发生着变化!他们像艘古老的小船驶出平静的港湾,迎着波涛向彼岸驶去,船上全体人员需要的不是固守那些陈旧的道德规范,而是要务尽职 能,变成一个协同一致的集体、奋力如一的整体,当巨轮迎面开过,涌起的惊涛要将它吞没时,它可以迅速地调转船头,驶向新的海域。<br />
<br />
They're not artificially creating drama. Commodity production forces them to go to society. In the past, when they engaged in collective production, the economic relationship among family members basically lied in the field of consumption. Consumption and traditional ethical tutoring have become two ties connecting families. Now the family has become an independent production unit. Family members not only consider problems from the producer's point of view, but also consider technology, information and market from the operator's point of view. They need to improve efficiency and competitiveness. In the concept of time, they can no longer divide time into spring, summer, autumn and winter as in the past, or vaguely into the time when eating a meal and the time when having a cigarette. There is not only a direct production relationship among family members, but also a relationship of exchanging labor and products, and even a competitive relationship! The distribution relationship among family members is also changing with the change of production mode! They sailed out of the calm harbor like an old boat, sailed to the other shore against the waves. What all the crew on board need is not to stick to the old moral norms, but to do their duty to unite together. When the huge boat passes head-on and the surging waves are going to engulf it, it can quickly turn its bow and sail to a new sea area.<br />
<br />
第六章宁海镇的共产党人<br />
<br />
Chapter 6 Communists in Ninghai Town<br />
<br />
你见过罗丹的雕塑《思想者》吗?<br />
<br />
Have you ever seen Rodin's sculpture ''The Thinker''?<br />
<br />
他赤裸着身子,肌腱隆起,头颅被思想压得低垂下来。他精神专注而严峻,你感到他是在做自身和人类命运的思考。由于思想,你感到他生命内涵的力量。<br />
<br />
He is naked, with strong tendons, and his head hangs down under the pressure of thoughts. He has focused mind a stern face, and you feel that he is thinking about himself and human destiny. Because of thought, you feel the power of his life connotation.<br />
<br />
现在坐在我对面的,是宁海镇年轻的镇委书记谢玉堂。他中等身材,略胖,浓浓的黑发呈“剑拔弩张”之势,目光兼有敦厚和睿智,举止老练持重,颇有处变不惊的大将风度。在和我交谈的间歇,不时陷入一种沉静的思索之中,那沉静中蕴含着一种激烈的奔腾。<br />
<br />
Sitting opposite me now is Xie Yutang, the young secretary of Ninghai Town Committee. He is of medium height, slightly fat, with thick black hair showing commanding presence. He is sophisticated with honest and wise eyes, like a composed general. In between conversations with me, he fell into silent thinking from time to time, and there was passion in the silence.<br />
<br />
时代把才华和命题同时给予了这位农民的儿子,他热爱生活,热爱土地。借十一届三中全会的东风,他“壮士不下马”,带领全镇人民四年跨出四大步。1978年宁海镇的工副业项目仅有20多个,现在已发展到800多个。1984年全镇总收入将达到一个亿！——宁海镇人提前16年翻两番！在我国北方,这可能算得上佼佼者！<br />
<br />
The times gave the farmer's son talent and questions, who loved life and land at the same time. Taking advantage of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, he worked hard to lead the people of the whole town to take four big steps in four years. In 1978, there were only over 20 sideline projects in Ninghai Town, but now it has grown to over 800. In 1984, the total income of the whole town will reach 100 million yuan! People’s income in Ninghai Town quadrupled 16 years ahead of schedule! In the north of China, this may be outstanding!<br />
<br />
我把旋风一样奔忙的镇委书记拖到幽静的“风云林园”。<br />
<br />
I took the busy secretary of the town committee to the quiet "Fengyun Forest Park".<br />
<br />
风云林园也是他的政绩之一。十个林区,修起了十座样式迥异的小楼,有哥特式,有古典式,有东洋式,使古老的山区洋溢着现代化的气息。这些小楼既作为各分场的场部,还准备接待科学家、教授、画家、作家（我是第一个被接待的蹩脚作家）。擅长书法的市委书记王济夫挥毫为总场场部题下“风云楼”三个大字,取风起云涌之意。<br />
<br />
Fengyun Forest Park is also one of his achievements. Ten small buildings with different styles have been built in ten forest areas, including Gothic, classical and oriental styles, which makes the ancient mountainous areas look more modernized. These small buildings serve as the field departments of each field, and are also prepared to serve scientists, professors, painters and writers (I was the first bad writer to be served). Wang Jifu, secretary of the municipal party committee who is good at calligraphy, wrote the three characters "Fengyun Building" for the general field department, meaning rising wind and clouds.<br />
<br />
“山不高而秀雅,水不深而澄清,地不广而平坦,林不大而茂盛……”谢玉堂坐 在“风云楼”内的沙发上,借《三国演义》中描绘诸葛亮隐居之地的文字,自喻风云林园。这位年轻的党务工作者的气质,已远远不同于当年的老镇长、老乡长。<br />
<br />
"The mountain is not high but beautiful; the water is not deep but clear; the land is not wide but flat; the forest is not big but lush..." Xie Yutang sat on the sofa in Fengyun Building, and imitated the words depicting Zhu Geliang's seclusion in Romance of the Three Kingdoms to describe Fengyun Forest Park. The temperament of this young party worker is far different from that of the old mayor and township head.<br />
<br />
“宁海镇的变化,应归之于三中全会后三个结构的改变。”他像个理论工作者, 也像个韬略家,开始给我讲述宁海镇繁荣的奥秘。<br />
<br />
"The changes in Ninghai Town should be attributed to the changes in the three structures after the Third Plenary Session." Like a theoretical worker and a strategist, he began to tell me the mystery of Ninghai Town's prosperity.<br />
<br />
“第一是农业内部经济结构的改变。<br />
<br />
"The first one is the change of economic structure within agriculture."<br />
<br />
“中国农村的单一经济,已经走到尽头了!我上任后把65个大队做了一次全面的调查,全社人均一亩多地,城里大队才半亩地,在土地上’翻番’能翻出个什么名堂?’汉子推,老婆拉,一天能挣四毛八。‘人,这个生产力中最积极最活跃的因素,长期以来被束缚在凝固的传统经济模式里。<br />
<br />
"The single economy in rural China has come to an end! After I took office, I made a comprehensive survey of 65 brigades. The whole commune has more than one mu per capita, and the city brigade has only half a mu of land. What can we do though our goal is double the yield? "If a man pushes and his wife pulls, he can earn 48 cents a day." People, the most active factor in production, have long been bound in the unchangeable traditional economic model.<br />
<br />
“’三级所有,队为基础’在60年代初纠正‘共产风’的时候,起了积极的作用, 但是,’队为基础’对发展商品生产起了阻碍作用。土地、资产、劳力、分配,生产队是’一统天下’,外出搞副业一天挣三块、四块,得交到生产队拉平分配。生产队把劳力死死钉在土地上,要发展商品生产,不放人权,怎么发展?毛主席在《六十条》中对'队为基础’的批语是'三十年盯不变’;再按两个'凡是’的观点,'生产队’要延续到90年代。那能行吗?<br />
<br />
"'The average size of the communes was reduced to one-third of the original, and the basic accounting unit devolved from the commune to the brigade to the production team.' It played a positive role in correcting the extreme egalitarianism in the early 1960s, but the system based on the collective ownership economy of production teams hindered the development of commodity production. Land, assets, labor and distribution were all managed by the production team, and if you go out to engage in sideline business and earn three or four yuan a day, you had to hand over to the production team for equal distribution. The production team restricted labor to the land. If we want to develop commodity production without human rights, how can we develop it? Chairman Mao's comment on it in Sixty Items is "adhering to it for 30 years". According to the Two Whatevers, the form of production team should last until the 1990s. Can that work?"<br />
<br />
“随着农村责任制的落实,商品生产的发展,劳动力的重新组合,生产队的消亡就成为ー种历史的必然。<br />
<br />
"With the implementation of the rural responsibility system, the development of commodity production and the recombination of labor, the demise of the production team has become a historical necessity.<br />
<br />
“82年秋种以后,我把全公社150个生产队长召集到ー起,向他们宣布:'你们的历史使命结束了!生产队一级将从中国的地平线上永远地消失了!这些年你们带领群众立下了汗马功劳,党和人民不会忘记你们。<br />
<br />
"After the autumn planting in 1982, I summoned 150 production captains of the whole commune and announced to them: 'Your historical mission is over! The production team will disappear forever in China! Over the years, you have led the masses to make great contributions, so the party and the people will never forget you.'"<br />
<br />
“生产队的取消,突破了一个根深蒂固的传统观念——农村,就是从事农业生产的地方。解放了的生产力,在完成着自身的历史转折,从'体力型’转向'智力型’,从'农业型’转向'农工并举型’,不停地改变着农业内部的经济结构。<br />
<br />
"The cancellation of the production team breaks a deep-rooted traditional convention that countryside is a place engaged in agricultural production. The liberated productive forces are changing their own roles historically, from 'physical type' to 'intelligence type', from 'agricultural type' to 'agricultural and industrial combined type', constantly changing the internal economic structure of agriculture."<br />
<br />
“随着农业内部经济结构的改变,农村原有的知识结构就不相适应了。农民长期以来束缚在单一的知识结构里,沿袭着神农氏就有的农业知识。机械化虽然给他们带来ー些新的东西,但没有根本改变他们板结的知识土壤。过去农业的改革,都限于优良品种的调换,复种面积的增加。农民依靠四大作物创高产致富的希望, 像肥皂泡一年又一年地破灭了。现在农民把致富的希望从农业转向商品生产,他们对知识的渴求也转向了商品生产,但是他们没有条件进行专修。我们充分发挥了全镇680多名外请技工的作用,他们用新的知识、新的文化,医治历史留给农民的'贫血症’。全镇近年又开办经营管理、财会、修配、制图、机械、铸造、电器、塑料 エ艺、铝制品等42个专业培训班140余期,成千上万的农民从板结的土地上站了起来！<br />
<br />
"With the change of the internal economic structure of agriculture, the original knowledge structure in rural areas is not suitable. Farmers have been bound in a single knowledge structure for a long time, keeping agricultural knowledge alive since ancient times. Although mechanization has brought them something new, it has not fundamentally changed their knowledge structure. In the past, agricultural reform was limited to the exchange of fine varieties and the increase of sequential cropping area. Farmers' hopes of creating high yields and getting rich by relying on the four major crops have been dashed year after year like soap bubbles. Now farmers have shifted their hope of getting rich from agriculture to commodity production, and their thirst for knowledge has also shifted to commodity production, but they have no conditions to specialize in it. We give full play to the role of more than 680 skilled workers in the town, who draw on new knowledge and new culture to cure farmers' anemia left by history. In recent years, we set up 42 professional training courses in management, accounting, repair, drawing, machinery, casting, electrical appliances, plastic arts and aluminum products with more than 140 sessions in town. Thousands of farmers stood on their feet on the hardened land!"<br />
<br />
“干部的组织结构的改变,是最重要的一条。改革首先要改'火车头’,把'蒸汽机’改成'内燃机’。我刚来的时候,全镇大队一级干部,60%以上是土改和合作化时期的老同志,习惯了搞单一农业。这几年我们逐步调整了40多个班子, 改革用人制度,铁饭碗要打破,铁椅子要推倒,把不适应商品生产、只知道’腱朝 外,头朝里,抡起大镰使劲劈’的干部调换下来。时势造就着一代新人,现在是大将出马,元帅开帐,全镇出现了一大批’混世魔王’,把个宁海镇闹得天翻地覆!”<br />
<br />
"The change of the organizational structure of cadres is the most important one. First of all, the reform should change "locomotive" and "steam engine" into "internal combustion engine". When I first came to this town, more than 60% of the cadres of the whole town brigade were old comrades who experienced the period of land reform and agricultural cooperative campaign, so they were used to engaging in single agriculture. In recent years, we have gradually adjusted more than 40 teams, reformed the employment system, broke the iron rice bowl, and replaced the cadres who were not suitable for commodity production and only knew agriculture. The times have created a new generation. Now it is generals who go out and marshals who get promotion and a large number of "demons" have appeared in the whole town, turning Ninghai town upside down!"<br />
<br />
我惊叹,这一番“结构学”出自一个年轻的农村基层干部之胸!但作为文学, 我需要索取形象。不想他“顺手牵羊”,抬手指指进来送水的林场场长曲松庆说: “他就算ー个……”<br />
<br />
I was amazed that this "structuralism" was told by a young rural grassroots cadre! But because of literature, I need to ask for an image. I don't want him to be this character, so I raised his finger and pointed Qu Songqing, the forest farm director who delivered water, and said: "He can be accounted..."<br />
<br />
不拘一格<br />
<br />
Be Not Limited to One Type<br />
<br />
——用人之道一<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain TalentsⅠ<br />
<br />
这个经营着几万亩林场的场长的出山（或叫“进山”）是别具一格的。他原是桥子大队的一个社员,谢玉堂第一次听到他的名字是从“片长”汇报中,说这个曲松庆为盖房的事情顶撞大队长,片长去批评他,也被顶了回来。<br />
<br />
This director who runs tens of thousands of mu of forest farms took on a government post, which is unique. He used to be a member of Qiaozi Brigade. Xie Yutang first heard his name from the report of the head of region, saying that Qu Songqing contradicted the captain for building a house, and he was contradicted when he criticized Qu.<br />
<br />
谢玉堂派人把曲松庆叫了来,这个年纪比镇委书记大的庄户人,带着“官官相护”的成见,在他对面坐下。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang sent someone to call Qu Songqing. This farmer, who is older than the secretary of the town committee, sat down opposite him with the prejudice of "officials protecting each other".<br />
<br />
“曲松庆,你知道我叫你来干什么吗?”<br />
<br />
"Qu Songqing, do you know what I called you for?"<br />
<br />
“知道!”曲松庆心有灵犀一点通。<br />
<br />
"Yes!" Qu Songqing understood the meaning tacitly.<br />
<br />
“你头上的小角长得还挺硬邦的呀!”<br />
<br />
"You are so stubborn!"<br />
<br />
“我割的肉在家都放臭了,大队长不让盖,把地基都给扒了 ！”<br />
<br />
"The meat I cut stinks at home. The captain won't let me build a house and even remove the foundation!"<br />
<br />
“你先把房子停下。”<br />
<br />
"You stop building your house first."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“因为你和大队有矛盾。”<br />
<br />
"Because you have conflicts with the brigade."<br />
<br />
“当初盖房是党委批准的,现在书记和大队长闹矛盾,把我牵扯进去了,但是没有理由不让我盖房子。我的料都备好了,马上就要到雨季,再说我盖起一幢房也是美化了家乡,美化了祖国……”<br />
<br />
"At the beginning, building a house was approved by the Party committee. Now the secretary and the captain have conflicts and I’m also involved, but there is no reason not to let me build a house. My materials are ready, and it is going to be the rainy season soon. Besides, the house that I build can beautify my hometown and my motherland..."<br />
<br />
曲松庆不卑不亢地对答着。他那布满血丝的眼睛里,透出一种骨气。<br />
<br />
Qu Songqing answered in a neither humble nor arrogant way. In his bloodshot eyes, there was dignity.<br />
<br />
“你先回去,等候公社派人去处理。”<br />
<br />
"You can go back first and wait for the commune to send someone to deal with it."<br />
<br />
“停下不要紧,你什么时候给我解决? ”<br />
<br />
"It doesn't matter to stop building my house, but when will you solve it for me?"<br />
<br />
“三天之内！”<br />
<br />
"In three days!"<br />
<br />
曲松庆临走站起来说:“谢书记,当领导的处理问题首先要搞好调查研究。你的批评涉及我曲松庆,对的地方,我马上执行,偏的地方,我得保留意见……”<br />
<br />
Qu Songqing stood up before leaving and said, "Secretary Xie, when a leader deals with problems, he must first do a good job of investigation and research. If your criticism involving me is right, I will correct mistakes immediately, but I will have reservations if it is wrong..."<br />
<br />
那是一个不软不硬的钉子。<br />
<br />
He is like a nail that is neither soft nor hard.<br />
<br />
一个月之后,谢玉堂第二次把曲松庆叫到办公室里来了。<br />
<br />
A month later, Xie Yutang called Qu Songqing to the office for the second time.<br />
<br />
“你找我……有事吧?”曲松庆带有戒备地看着谢玉堂。<br />
<br />
"You asked me... for something?" Qu Songqing looked at Xie Yutang with vigilance.<br />
<br />
“镇党委决定让你到南山林场担任场长!”<br />
<br />
"The town party committee decided to let you go to Nanshan Forest Farm as the director!"<br />
<br />
“我……”曲松庆吃惊地瞪大了眼睛,他不敢相信这是真的,“我……行吗?”<br />
"Me..." Qu Songqing was in surprise, with eyes wide-open. He couldn't believe it was true. "Am I up to it...?"<br />
<br />
在谢玉堂眼里,面前的这个曲松庆已毫不陌生了:他当过生产小队长,他在东 北大兴安岭伐过木,他……谢玉堂似乎并不准备打消曲松庆的疑虑,而是像对一个已经任职多年的林场场长那样说:<br />
<br />
For Xie Yutang, Qu Songqing in front of him was no stranger: he worked as a production team leader, he cut wood in Greater Khingan Range, northeast China, and he... Xie Yutang did not seem to dispel Qu Songqing's doubts, but said to him as if Qu was a forest farm director who had served for many years:<br />
<br />
“几万亩林场,战线很长,那是全镇人民用血汗把它建起来的,你得明白这个分量。现在就由你来着手组林场的班子!”<br />
<br />
"The forest farm covers tens of thousands of mu, which means it takes a long time to finish this task. It was built by the diligent people of the whole town, so you have to understand its importance. Now it is up to you to set up the team for the forest farm!"<br />
<br />
当我年底第二次见到这位从土坷垃中拨拉出来的风云林场的场长时（现在他已成为一名宁海镇的共产党人）,他已经以林场为大本营,把事业的触须伸到了四面八方:办起了宁海刺绣厂、宁海第二百货公司、风云金矿、风云羊肉馆、贸易公司、 花木公司、建筑公司、冰库、砖厂、鸡场、客车出租。这个年近半百的人,成了一个大“托拉斯”的董事长。鬼知道他还从哪里弄了一辆黑色的“上海轿子”,进山的客人都用它接送。坐在飞驰的汽车上,你可以感觉得到现代动力正冲击着古老的山区！<br />
<br />
When I met the director of Fengyun Forest Farm for the second time at the end of the year (now he has become a Communist in Ninghai Town), he has taken the forest farm as his base camp and extended his business presence to all directions: Ninghai Embroidery Factory, Ninghai No.2 Department Store Company, Fengyun Gold Mine, Fengyun Mutton Restaurant, Trading Company, Flower and Tree Company, Construction Company, Ice Bank, Brick Factory, Chicken Farm and Bus Rental. This person, who is nearly half a century old, has become the chairman of a big "Trust". Who knows where he got a black sedan made in Shanghai, which was used to pick up and drop off guests going to the mountains. Sitting in a speeding car, you can feel the modern power impacting the ancient mountain areas!<br />
<br />
好马也吃回头草<br />
<br />
A Good Horse Will Also Turn Round to Graze on an Old Pasture<br />
<br />
——用人之道二<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain TalentsⅡ<br />
<br />
谢玉堂刚上任的时候,杜家瞳是有名的“幸福村” 。所谓幸福,并非丰衣足食之喻,而是领导班子涣散,社员可以任意逍遥。全村几百口子不仅工副业项目没有一个,1981年春谢玉堂带工作组进村时,还带去5000斤救济粮!<br />
<br />
When Xie Yutang first took office, DuJiatong was a famous "happy village". The so-called happiness is not a metaphor for ample food and clothing, but a lax leadership team and carefree members. There were none of sideline projects in the village home to hundreds of residents. When Xie Yutang brought the working group into the village in the spring of 1981, he also brought 2,500 kg of relief food!<br />
<br />
老支书胡风洲和能说会道的大队长孔庆富尿不到ー个壶里,而过去来驻点的 干部们,大都倾向于老支书（人们惯于对“老”有感情）,而把孔庆富说得一无是处。<br />
<br />
Hu Fengzhou, the old branch secretary, and Kong Qingfu, the eloquent captain, had different opinions. However, most of the cadres who came to the station in the past tended to support the old branch secretary (people are used to having feelings for the old), and regarded Kong Qingfu good for nothing.<br />
<br />
为了维护领导班子的统一,谢玉堂把孔庆富的大队长职务撤掉了。<br />
<br />
In order to maintain the unity of the leadership team, Xie Yutang removed Kong Qingfu as the captain.<br />
<br />
孔庆富跑“单帮”去了,到南乡涝夼大队的果酒厂当供销员。<br />
<br />
Kong Qingfu then became a self-employed businessman and worked as a supply and marketing staff in the fruit winery of Nanxiang Laokuang Brigade.<br />
<br />
涝夼大队支书张培清,也是胶东半岛上一名豪杰。他利用昆布山天然泉水资源办起了果酒厂,出产的枣酒、桃酒闻名遐迩。<br />
<br />
Zhang Peiqing, the branch secretary of Laokuang Brigade, is also an outstanding talent on Jiaodong Peninsula. He used the natural spring water resources of Khumbu Mountain to set up a fruit winery, producing famous jujube wine and peach wine.<br />
<br />
孔庆富的“能说会道”成了发展商品生产的优势,他懂信息,会核算,能交往, 每到一处都能很快地打开局面。<br />
<br />
Kong Qingfu's eloquence has become an advantage in developing commodity production. He knows information, calculation and communication well, and can quickly solve problems everywhere.<br />
<br />
1982年2月,谢玉堂托人捎信让孔庆富回来。<br />
<br />
In February 1982, Xie Yutang sent a message to let Kong Qingfu come back.<br />
<br />
“你找我?”孔庆富心里忐忑不安。在他被撤之后,曾大大地散布了一番对镇委书记的不满。<br />
<br />
"What happened?" Kong Qingfu felt uneasy. After his dismissal, he showed his discontent twith the secretary of the town committee to many people.<br />
<br />
“我撤了你的大队长,你知道是为什么吧?”<br />
<br />
"I dismissed you from your office. Do you know why?"<br />
<br />
“知道,我欺负胡风洲!”<br />
<br />
"Yes, I can’t cooperate with Hu Fengzhou!"<br />
<br />
“你下台以后有什么感想?”<br />
<br />
"How did you feel after you stepped down?"<br />
<br />
“挺苦闷的。我年轻力壮,想干一番事业……我想党委撤了我,这辈子不会再用我了！”<br />
<br />
"I was depressed. I am young and strong, and I want to make contributions... I think the party committee has withdrawn me and will not hire me again in my life!"<br />
<br />
“你对村里的工作有什么想法?”<br />
<br />
"What do you think of the work in the village?"<br />
<br />
“俺这个村……我干比他们干好。”<br />
<br />
"This village... I can do better than them."<br />
<br />
“你们那个’幸福村‘穷成那个样子,你有什么施政纲领?”孔庆富丢掉了拘束, 对着镇委书记念开了“商品经”:上建筑、上翻砂、上果酒……果然头头是道,高人一筹。<br />
<br />
"Your 'happy village' is poor. What policies do you have?" Kong Qingfu felt at home and talked about his opinions and experience about commodity to the secretary of the town committee: buildings, casting technique and fruit wine... Without doubt, he was better than others.<br />
<br />
谢玉堂说:“党委研究一下,你准备当个工业大队长。我给你厂房,再给你一部分资金,先把果酒厂办起来,你们村还是商品生产的空白……”<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang said: "The party committee has studied it, and you are going to be a captain managing an industry. I will give you factory buildings, and then give you some funds. First, the fruit winery should be set up, because your village doesn’t have any commodity production..."<br />
<br />
一个月之后,杜家瞳村果酒厂就酿出了第一批果酒,一口大缸飘溢着醇香。镇党委成员应邀去品酒,谢玉堂酒未沾唇,先已感到了甜意。<br />
<br />
A month later, Du Village Fruit Winery produced the first batch of fruit wine, and the vat was full of mellow fragrance. Members of the town party Committee were invited to taste wine, and Xie Yutang had felt sweet before the wine touched his lips.<br />
<br />
姜是小的辣<br />
<br />
The Younger, The Wiser<br />
<br />
——用人之道三<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain Talents Ⅲ<br />
<br />
1982年春节前,谢玉堂坐孔家疃大队的吉普车去海阳开会。路上,司机说:<br />
<br />
Before the Spring Festival in 1982, Xie Yutang went to Haiyang for a meeting in the jeep of Kong Brigade. On the way, the driver said:<br />
<br />
“谢书记,我给你推荐一个人吧。”<br />
<br />
"Secretary Xie, let me recommend someone to you."<br />
<br />
"谁?”<br />
<br />
"Who?"<br />
<br />
“王家疃标准件厂的厂长王荣团。你要起用了他,王家疃就有希望了！”<br />
<br />
"Wang Rongtuan, director of Wang Standard Parts Factory. If you appoint him to a job, there will be an opportunity for Wang village to be prosperous!"<br />
<br />
“你这么熟悉他?”<br />
<br />
"You know him so well?"<br />
<br />
“他是我小舅子!”<br />
<br />
"He is my brother-in-law!"<br />
<br />
这位司机还真有点“内举不避亲”的古人风。<br />
<br />
This driver was really a bit of an ancient style of "recommending talents even if they are his relatives".<br />
<br />
对于求贤若渴的谢玉堂来说,这信息的价值不可估量,因为逐渐落后于形势的王家疃,正需要一个得力的接班人。<br />
<br />
For Xie Yutang, who was thirsty for talents, the value of this information was immeasurable, because Wang village overtaken by events needed an effective successor.<br />
<br />
从海阳回来,谢玉堂就迫不及待地去了王家疃标准件厂。年轻的厂长站在冲压床前冲压着螺栓,他那宽厚的肩膀,似乎在等待着历史交给他的新使命。<br />
<br />
After returning from Haiyang, Xie Yutang couldn't wait to go to Wang Standard Parts Factory. The young factory director stood in front of the stamping press and stamped bolts. His broad shoulders seemed to be waiting for the new mission given to him by history.<br />
<br />
这果然是个难得的能人。开始,他一个人管着大队的扬水站,守着一台柴油机,他不满足于这种赋闲的营生,建议大队利用柴油机办个磨坊,一举两得。<br />
<br />
This was really a rare capable person. At first, he personally took charge of the pumping station of the brigade and guarded a diesel engine. He was not satisfied with this idle business, so he suggested that the brigade use the diesel engine to run a mill.<br />
<br />
磨坊办起来了,他见市场上缺螺栓,就去买了一块45号钢,用钻头钻上眼,再用钢铿加工,做了一个模具,再加上一把铁锤,一个星期就出了第一批产品。附近的丝绸厂听说了,一下子全买了去。一个模具、一柄锤子,一天竟能挣到4块钱,而 当时队上的工值是8角。<br />
<br />
When the mill was set up, he saw that there was a shortage of bolts in the market, so he bought a piece of No.45 steel, drilled a hole with a drill, processed it with a steel file, made a mold and a hammer, then the first batch of products came out in a week. Workers in a nearby silk factory heard about it and bought it all at once. A mold and a hammer can help Wang earn 4 yuan a day, while the salary on the team at that time was 8 cents.<br />
<br />
眼前的标准件厂成为拥有成套设备和200多人的颇具规模的工厂了,它的产品已经打到8个省,收入占全队总收入的80%以上。可是,王荣团还不是党员!而支部5个委员都靠在农业上。<br />
<br />
At present, the Standard Parts Factory has become a large-scale factory with complete sets of equipment and more than 200 people. Its products have reached 8 provinces, and its income accounts for more than 80% of the total income of the whole team. However, Wang Rongtuan is not a party member yet! The five members of the branch all rely on agriculture.<br />
<br />
新时期要什么样的共产党员?我们用什么样的新鲜血液充实党的基层队伍? 经济工作搞不上去能不能算个好支部?年轻的镇委书记在深思。<br />
<br />
What kind of Communist Party members do we want in the new period? What kind of fresh blood do we want to enrich the grass-roots ranks of the Party? Can we count a branch as a good one if it has bad economy? The young secretary of the town committee is thinking deeply.<br />
<br />
任何一种结构的改革,都不是一帆风顺的,谢玉堂遇到了历史因袭下来的强大惯性。<br />
<br />
The reform of any kind of structure is not easy. Xie Yutang has encountered a rooted problem left by history.<br />
<br />
8年前,王荣团向党支部递上了第一份申请书,到现在加起来8次申请、6次填表,党支部还要对他再考验,因为他“太年轻” !<br />
<br />
Eight years ago, Wang Rongtuan handed the first application to the Party branch. Up to now, he has applied for eight times and filled out six times, but the Party branch still tests him again because he is too young!<br />
<br />
年近花甲的老支书王应运,是城关一带拔尖的好书记,执行政策从来不走样。 他资历长,辈又大,村里人都敬仰他。他看不惯王荣团这个“孙子辈”的一些做法。 他认为他走的是“白专道路”。有人来厂里联系业务,留下吃饭,老书记得知必说: “不行,咱不能搞不正之风!”去东北买车床,要带点花生米,老书记ー摆手:“不批!”两个人碰碰磕磕的,少不了冒点火星。<br />
<br />
Wang Yingyun, an old branch secretary who was nearly 60 years old, was a top-notch secretary of Chengguan, and implemented policies adamantly. He had high seniority, so villagers admired him. He didn't like the practices of Wang Rongtuan, who was so young that he could even be his grandpa. He thought Wang only paid attention to scholar studies but ignored politics. Someone came to the factory to contact the business and stay for dinner. If the old secretary knew it, he must say: "No, this is dishonest practice!" When they went to the northeast to buy lathes, they want to bring some peanuts. But the old secretary waved his hand: "It is not approved!" These Two people usually had contradictions.<br />
<br />
在王应运眼里,王荣团是一只“刺猬”,丢了舍不得,捧着扎得慌。他是王家疃的“财神爷”，1981年支部给他定额12万,他咬咬牙干出个20万! 1982年给他定了24万,他一下子干了35万！1983年定了40万,他要创到55万！<br />
<br />
For Wang Yingyun, Wang Rongtuan was a hedgehog. He was reluctant to abandon him, but he was upset if he retained Wang Rongtuan. He was the "God of Wealth" of Wangjiatong. In 1981, the branch gave him a quota of 120,000, he gritted his teeth and earned 200,000 yuan! In 1982, the quota were 240,000 yuan, but he earned 350,000 yuan at once! In 1983, the goal was 400,000 yuan, but he wanted to hit 550,000 yuan!<br />
<br />
王荣团像个腾空而起的风筝,扶摇直上九重霄,老支书手中那一缕细线随时都有崩断的可能！<br />
<br />
Wang Rongtuan, like a kite soaring into the sky, flew high, and the thin line in the hands of the old branch secretary could break at any time!<br />
<br />
老支书向工厂派去一个“党代表”——一位离休的老党员王典乐,起个“监督” 作用。不想“党代表”干了两年,竟和王荣团“通同作弊”。谢玉堂去调查时,“党代表”说:“谢书记,我站在党的立场上说句话,王家疃要得好,非得王荣团来干书记!”<br />
<br />
The old branch secretary sent a "party representative", Wang Dianle, a retired old party member, to the factory to supervise Wang. However, the party representative who worked only two years "colluded" with Wang Rongtuan. When Xie Yutang went to investigate, the party representative said: "Secretary Xie, I want to stand on the party's position and say something. Wang Rongtuan has to be the secretary, if we want Wangjiatong to be better!"<br />
<br />
<br />
老支书闻风而动:“谁解决王荣团的组织问题,我官司打到中央!”<br />
<br />
The old branch secretary acted without delay upon hearing this: "If anyone solve the organizational problem of Wang Rongtuan, I will file a lawsuit in the central government!"<br />
<br />
谢玉堂一次次找王应运促膝长谈。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang had a long talk with Wang Yingyun again and again.<br />
<br />
无效。<br />
<br />
But he failed.<br />
<br />
就在这时,王荣团摆了挑子。<br />
<br />
At that moment, Wang Rongtuan gave in.<br />
<br />
正值各村向镇里呈报1983年生产计划,老书记战战兢兢地去报了个78万,而镇里要求他们拿到120万。<br />
<br />
When every village reported the 1983 production plan to the town, the old secretary reported 780,000 yuan with trepidation, but the town asked them to earn 1.2 million.<br />
<br />
王荣团要是一直把挑子擂下去,78万也保不住呀！老支书嘴上起了燎泡,他硬着头皮走进了王荣团的家门,对这个“孙子辈”说:<br />
<br />
If Wang Rongtuan continue to stop working, he can't even reach the goal of 780,000 yuan! The old branch secretary was anxious, so he bit the bullet, walked into Wang Rongtuan's house and said:<br />
<br />
“你的组织问题,支部早在考虑……”<br />
<br />
"The branch has long considered your organizational problems..."<br />
<br />
王荣团把腿一伸:“我不是为‘组织‘不干。我是一个群众,没有那么大的能力再干下去了,标准件厂那么大的’西瓜’,支部不应该去捡起来?”<br />
<br />
Wang Rongtuan stretched out his leg: "I stopped working not because I’m not enrolled in the Communist Party pf China. I am a mass, and I don't have so much ability to go on. Should the large-scale Standard Parts Factory not be managed by the branch?"<br />
<br />
老支书被噎住了。他万万没有想到,他掉进了这位年轻共产党人的“圈套”之中。这一切,也包括王荣团的“台词”,都是镇委书记一手导演出来的。<br />
<br />
He was speechless. He never imagined that he fell into the trap of the young Communist. All this, including Wang Rongtuan's lines, were directed by the secretary of the town committee.<br />
<br />
这也算“斗争艺术”——狡猾狡猾的！<br />
<br />
This is also a cunning "art of conflicts"!<br />
<br />
“孙子辈”治住了“爷爷辈”！<br />
<br />
The "Grandson" won the victory!<br />
<br />
王家疃的这场斗争并没有因此停止,他和后面的故事连接到了一起。<br />
<br />
The conflict in Wang village did not be solved. It was connected with the following stories.<br />
<br />
论资排辈<br />
<br />
Assign a Job in Accordance with Qualifications And Seniority<br />
<br />
——用人之道四<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain TalentsⅣ<br />
<br />
幼年的时候,我把那相距二里之遥的东油坊看成是“天府之国”。他们在全县第一个办起了农业合作社,第一个小麦亩产过千斤,第一个日工值达到1元。他们种植的大蒜创过亩产一万二千斤的记录。那是一片富庶之地,是人间乐土!东油坊找的媳妇,都是百里挑一的!<br />
<br />
When I was young, I regarded Dongyoufang, which was two miles away, as a "land of abundance". It was the first to set up an agricultural cooperative in the county, have wheat yield exceeding 500 kg per mu, and reach 1 yuan of salary per day. The garlic they planted has reached a record of 12,000 jin per mu. It was a land with abundant resources and a paradise on earth! Daughters-in-law found in Dongyoufang were all one in a thousand!<br />
<br />
这个村因有一座古老的油坊而得名。那古老的油锤声虽然早已消失在历史深处,但是,古朴的村风却世代延续下来。至今,这个村里的人不赶集,不站街头,不大吃大喝,有了钱攒起来,包一层裹一层,再套上一把锁。搞传统农业,谁也搞不过他们,从中华人民共和国成立以来他们就在全县遥遥领先,各村的土墙上大都写着 这样的标语:“学路线,狠抓纲,坚决超过东油坊!”<br />
<br />
This village was named after an ancient oil mill. Although the ancient sound of oil hammer has long disappeared in the depths of history, the simple village style has continued from generation to generation. Up to now, people in this village don't go to the market, stand on the streets, squander money. When they have money, they save it, wrap it in layers, and put on a lock. No one can beat them in traditional agriculture. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, they have been far ahead in the county. Most of the earth walls of villages were written with such slogans: "Learn the line, pay close attention to guiding principles, and resolutely surpass Dongyoufang!"<br />
<br />
东油坊人心里有谱,摆弄土坷垃,够你们赶一气的！<br />
<br />
People in Dongyoufang knew the score. Regarding to land, it was hard for them to catch up!<br />
<br />
可是,后面的人坐着汽车撵上来了——<br />
<br />
However, people lagging behind caught up in a car.<br />
<br />
孔家疃书记曲培萱,有一天乘坐吉普车到东油坊办事,东油坊老支书曲廷璞看了略眼,一见到谢玉堂就叨叨:“你说他年轻轻的,不是摆谱吗?挣了两个钱烧的!”谢玉堂说:“不是他’变’了,是你应该适应新形势了 ！”<br />
<br />
Qu Peixuan, secretary of Kong village, took a jeep to work in Dongyoufang one day. Qu Tingpu, the old branch secretary of Dongyoufang, was annoyed when he saw the jeep. When he saw Xie Yutang, he said, "Qu Peixuan is young, and it seems he is showing off when he sits in a jeep. His money burns a hole in his pocket!" Xie Yutang said: "It is not that he has changed, but that you should adapt to the new situation!"<br />
<br />
曲廷璞心里不着实,又和本村社员叨叨:“过去的干部,连自行车都不骑,现在 有些年轻人坐着吉普到处颠,他们怎个看法?”一个社员当即回答他:“人家书记坐 汽车,社员跟着拿坐汽车的钱！咱的书记坐牛车,咱就跟着挣个牛车钱。俺巴不得你去坐飞机,跟着你挣坐飞机的钱哪个不高兴?”<br />
<br />
Qu Tingpu was uneasy, so he talked with his village members: "In the past, cadres didn't even ride bicycles. Now some young people are sitting around in jeeps. What do they think?" A member immediately answered him: "Their secretary takes the car, and the members earn the money of taking the car! Our secretary takes an ox cart, so we earn the money of taking an ox cart. I wish you would take the plane, and which one is unhappy to earn the money of taking the plane with you?"<br />
<br />
曲廷璞被震动了！不久,又一件事更震动了他:镇党委组织全体支部书记、大队长巡回参观。去了西关,去了新牟,去了王家疃,去了孔家疃,唯独把东油坊隔过去了。曲廷璞当时正住院,听了以后心里难受啊。5尺长的汉子,入党30多年,让人“绕”过去了!（这又是镇委书记的激将法之一）他若在场,真要找块石头碰死!<br />
<br />
Qu Tingpu was amazed! Soon, another thing shocked him even more: the town party committee organized visits for all the branch secretaries and captains. They visited Xiguan, Xinmou, Wang village and Kong village, but only ignored Dongyoufang. Qu Tingpu was in hospital at that time, and he felt uncomfortable after listening to it. A man who had joined the party for more than 30 years, was ignored! (This was reverse psychology of the secretary of the town committee.) If he had been there, he might have struck his head against a stone!<br />
<br />
谢玉堂到医院来看他,安慰他:“你好好养病,让你干20年!”镇委书记知道他的心病,给他吃“宽心丸”。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang came to the hospital to see him and comforted him: "You should take good care of your health and I will let you work for 20 years!" Knowing his worries, the secretary of the town committee gave him a "relief pill".<br />
<br />
他已当了16年支书,想巴结着凑个整数——20年（前一任支部书记曲维模任职也是20年）。可是他一出院,谢玉堂就上门让他考虑接班人的问题,好像忘了在医院的许诺。<br />
<br />
He had been a branch secretary for 16 years, and wanted to make up a round number of 20 years (Qu Weimo, the former branch secretary, also served for 20 years). However, when he was discharged from hospital, Xie Yutang came to ask him to consider the successor, as if he had forgotten his promise in the hospital.<br />
<br />
曲廷璞摇摇头:“我这几年培养了4个,一个好仔儿也没有!”<br />
<br />
Qu Tingpu shook his head: "I have trained 4 in recent years, but there are no appropriate successor!"<br />
<br />
“孔祥烈怎么样?他行不行?”<br />
<br />
"How about Kong Xianglie? Can he do it?"<br />
<br />
“不行！他的外号叫滑石猴!”<br />
<br />
"No way! His nickname is talc monkey (Folk stone carvers in Yechen County have been using traditional techniques to carve small monkey-shaped objects from scraps)!"<br />
<br />
<br />
“人无外号不发,孙悟空不是石猴出世吗?能七十二变、大闹天宫翻龙府,正好。他搞农业能那么专,搞工业也能专上去!”孔祥烈是当地有名的粮食专家,虽然不算年轻,可是个灵通人。他在一亩地里种出过1740斤玉米。莱阳县杨家庄请他去“指导”,他不用对方开口,就能说出小麦的品种;看看分蘖,就能说出某月某日播的种,这使杨家庄的人大为震惊。他过去不懂工业,学了七天“七大管理”“八大指标”,一下子考了98分！他是个识时务者！<br />
<br />
"People don't have nicknames. Isn't the Monkey King a monkey born from a stone? It can got 72 transformations and make a fuss in Heaven and Dragon Palace of the Eastern Sea. He is so specialized in agriculture, so he can also specialize in business!" Kong Xianglie is a famous local food expert. Although he is not young, he is a well-informed person. He planted 870 kg of corn in one mu of land. People in Yangjiazhuang, Laiyang County asked him to guide them in the sector of agriculture. He can tell the variety of wheat before others told him and he can tell the seeds sown on a certain day of the month after he saw tillers, which shocked the people in Yangjiazhuang. He didn't know anything about business in the past. He studied seven management methods and eight indicators for seven days, however, he scored 98 points at once! He is a man recognizing current trends!<br />
<br />
“不行,把权交给他我不放心!”曲廷璞坚持着。<br />
<br />
"No, I’m worried to give him the right!" Qu Tingpu insisted.<br />
<br />
这场辩论一直持续到1983年12月20日,全镇1700名共产党员,集中在当年 八路军的根据地嵎峡河大队,进行一年一度的党员整风学习,并进行支部改选。谢玉堂把曲廷璞、王应运,还有嵎峡河的老书记孙承善和王贺庄的老书记王顺成召集到一起。他们是宁海镇的四个元老,他们的身上带着农村工作的每一个历史时期——土改、合作化、“学大寨”、“文化大革命”……现在他们围着火炉子,听年轻的镇委书记讲古:<br />
<br />
This debate lasted until December 20, 1983. 1700 Communist Party members in the whole town, assembled in the Yuxiahe Brigade, the base area of the Eighth Route Army, conducted the annual rectification study of Party members and re-elected their branch members. Xie Yutang brought Qu Tingpu, Wang Yingyun, Sun Chengshan, the old secretary of Yuxiahe Brigade, and Wang Shuncheng, the old secretary of Wang Hezhuang together. They were the four elders of Ninghai Town. They have experienced every historical period of work in rural areas, namely, land reform, cooperative transformation, learning from Dazhai in agriculture and Cultural Revolution... Now they are around the stove and listen to the young secretary of the town committee talking about stories:<br />
<br />
“刘邦起用韩信而兴汉,韩信年轻的时候,还钻过人家的胯裆;大将周勃是吹鼓手出身;樊哙是杀狗的,相当于咱食品公司的‘杀巴子’;陈平出身贫寒;萧何原来也只是个文书差事;刘邦也不过是‘片长’,十里亭长嘛！用人用其长,用其识,用其才……”讲到半截,谢玉堂出去接电话去了,曲廷璞对着三个老伙伴把拳头一攥、一伸,左右摆了摆,三个老伙伴立时理解了它的含义,那是他们几十年为之奋斗,付出了多少汗水和心血的东西,他们也从那里得到过骄傲和尊严。“这东西不能丢啊!”曲廷璞用强化的语气说。<br />
<br />
"Han Xin served Liu Bang so the Han dynasty became prosperous. When Han Xin was young, he even crawled through between others’ legs. General Bo Zhou was a trumpeter at first. Fan Kuai was a dog killer, which is equivalent to our food company's' butcher. Chen Ping was born in poverty. Xiao He turned out to be just a clerk. Liu Bang was a village headman! When we hire others, we need to find their strengths, knowledge and talents..." Before he finished his speech, Xie went out to answer the phone. Qu Tingpu clenched his fist, stretched it and swung it left and right to his three old partners. They immediately understood the meaning of the posture. They had fought for their job for decades by the sweat of their brow. They also got pride and dignity from it. "This can't be lost!" Qu Tingpu said in an intensified tone.<br />
<br />
谢玉堂又回过头来逐个谈心……这一夜,在这个小小的山庄里,老一代共产党人和年轻的共产党人都失眠了。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang turned around and talked with them one by one... That night, in this small village, the older generation of communists and the young communists couldn’t fall asleep.<br />
<br />
第二天,曲廷璞早饭也没吃得下,不过,他的话倒是表达了四位“元老”的心 声:“我要是犯了错误下去,摔我南墙上没意见,可我没犯错误!我知道车子转弯时要甩下一些人。我18岁当兵,跟党干了这么多年,从来没甩下去过。30年啦,我不想离开,心里难受——可是我听党委的……”<br />
<br />
The next day, Qu Tingpu didn’t want to eat breakfast. However, he really put the thoughts of the four elders into words: "If I make a mistake, it's okay to fire me, but I didn't make a mistake! I know that some people will be left behind when a car turns. I became a soldier at the age of 18 and I worked with the Party for so many years and have never been dumped. I have worked for 30 years, so I don't want to leave. I feel uncomfortable, but I will adhere to the directions of the party committee... "<br />
<br />
宁海镇的共产党人永远忘不了四个老书记向昨天告别的那一刻。主席台上, 党旗高悬,金匾夺目——那匾额金字是镇委书记亲笔题写的:“为革命立功,德高望重;为四化让贤,壮志不已。”四名即将离位的老同志,端坐在主席台上,下面坐着宁海镇的一千多名共产党员,他们默默对望。<br />
<br />
Communists in Ninghai Town will never forget the moment when the four old secretaries bid farewell to yesterday. On the rostrum, the party flag hung high and the gold plaque was dazzling. The gold characters of the plaque were personally inscribed by the secretary of the town Committee: "Making contributions to the revolution, you will be highly respected; Making way for the Four Modernizations, ambition will not be reduced." Four old comrades who were about to leave their posts were sitting on the rostrum, with more than 1,000 Communist Party members in Ninghai Town sitting below and looking at them silently.<br />
<br />
静极了!只有时间不停地越过空间。<br />
<br />
It was so quiet! Only time was flowing.<br />
<br />
“……同志们,我们年轻的共产党员,一定要以这四个老同志为榜样,带领群众在经济建设中,把宁海镇的新局面开创下去。任何时候,傲不长,欲不纵,乐不极,志不满,团结一致,奋发向前,用我们的双手,把宁海镇建设成一个富饶的宁海,美丽的宁海,强大的宁海。我们的目的一定要达到,也一定能够达到!胜利既然属于党,属于人民,当然也属于我们——宁海镇的共产党员们！”<br />
<br />
"… Comrades, our young Communist Party members must follow the example of these four old comrades and lead the masses to create a new situation in Ninghai Town in economic construction. At any time, you should not be arrogant, frivolous, greedy and unambitious. Instead, we should unite together, work hard, and use our hands to build Ninghai Town into a rich, beautiful and powerful town. Our goal should be achieved, and must be achieved! Since victory belongs to the Party and the people, it certainly belongs to us, the Communist Party members in Ninghai Town!"<br />
<br />
镇委书记谢玉堂致辞完毕,四位“元老”手捧金匾,在他们各自的接班人搀扶 下——王荣团扶着王应运,王可勇扶着王承善,孙祥烈扶着曲廷璞,王忠武扶着王 顺成——向台下走去。他们是戴着红花走下历史的舞台的！<br />
<br />
After Xie Yutang, secretary of the town committee, delivered his speech, four elders holding the golden plaque walked off the stage with the help of their respective successors. Wang Rongtuan supported Wang Yingyun; Wang Keyong supported Wang Chengshan; Sun Xianglie supported Qu Tingpu, and Wang Zhongwu supported Wang Shuncheng. They walked off the stage of history with red flowers!<br />
<br />
全场起立,向这庄严的场面报以泪水和掌声！<br />
<br />
The audience stood up and responded to this solemn scene with tears and applause!<br />
<br />
至此,宁海镇的共产党人更新了他战车上的每一根大轴、每一个齿轮。<br />
<br />
At this point, the Communists in Ninghai Town updated every big shaft and every gear on their chariot.<br />
<br />
第七章敬礼!西关文化<br />
<br />
Chapter 7 Salute! Xiguan Culture<br />
<br />
西关公园及西关人<br />
<br />
Xiguan Park and Residents in Xiguan<br />
<br />
——向旧文化告别<br />
<br />
—Say Goodbye to the Old Culture<br />
<br />
若是亲爱的读者对这漫长的旅行已感到了疲惫,我们不妨拐进中国农民兴建的第一座农村公园,稍事休憩,看一看“西关文化”。<br />
<br />
If dear readers are tired of this long journey, we might as well go to the first rural park built by Chinese farmers, have a rest and look at the Xiguan Culture.<br />
<br />
文明来到了西关这片古老的土地上。公园里经常举行各种各样的农民舞会、农民歌咏会、农民运动会。1984年春节的运动会上,党支部书记李德海连拿200米田径冠军、象棋冠军、举重冠军。出奇的是观看运动会的社员也得奖品,“以资鼓励”,那是为了冲击一下“蹦蹦跳跳何不去抡镰头”的旧观念。<br />
<br />
Civilization came to Xiguan, an ancient land. Various farmer dance parties, farmer singing meetings and farmer sports meetings are often held in the park. At the Spring Festival sports game in 1984, Li Dehai, secretary of the Party branch, won the 200-meter dash, chess and weightlifting champion. Surprisingly, the members who watched the sports game also got prizes as encouragement, which was to influence the old idea of "why not swing the sickle when you are jumping".<br />
<br />
走出公园,穿过宽阔的“文化路”,绕过机声隆隆的“十大企业”,让我们再去看看西关大队的奶牛场,成群的奶牛每天挤出一桶桶的鲜奶,西关人提着暖瓶来把牛奶打回家去,代替以前的高粱糊糊。西关人在改变着食品结构,讲究吃的文化。他们讲究的不是油水,而是口味。讲氨基酸、维生素、高蛋白。母亲和妻子不必在一个锅里做两样饭,把一家人的饭食分成等级,也不必偶尔吃一顿好饭而回避着街坊邻居,因之产生“好饭不怕晚”的俚语,更不会有老观念中的“偷嘴媳妇”。村中心的西关饭庄里有高级厨师和各种山珍海味,社员在家中只要拿起电话,红彤彤的烧对虾、亮晶晶的扒海参、白生生的芙蓉干贝、香喷喷的松鼠鱼,会按时给送上门。打开精制的酒柜,你会看到精装的茅台和罐装的青岛啤酒,餐室里配置有带转盘的餐桌,上面经常摆着北京烤鸭和火锅涮海珍。<br />
<br />
Walking out of the park, crossing the wide cultural road and bypassing the Top Ten Enterprises with rumbling machines, we can see the dairy farm of Xiguan Brigade again. People in Xiguan milk groups of cows every day, and they carry thermos flasks to take the milk home to replace sorghum paste. Xiguan people are changing the food structure and paying attention to the culture of eating. What they pay attention to is not grease, but flavour. They care about amino acids, vitamins and high protein. Mother and wife don't have to cook two kinds of dishes in one pot to divide the family's meals into grades. You don't have to avoid your neighbors when eating a good meal occasionally. As a result, the slang of "good things come to those who wait" comes into being, and there will absolutely be no wife sneaking a taste of food in the old concept. There are senior chefs and various delicacies in Xiguan Restaurant in the center of Zicun Village. Members only need to pick up the phone at home, and red roasted prawns, sparkling sea cucumbers, white scallops and delicious yellow croakers will be delivered to their homes on time. If you open the refined wine cabinet, you will see Maotai with good package and canned Tsingtao Beer. The dining room is equipped with a dining table with a turntable, on which Beijing roast duck and seafood hot pot are often placed.<br />
<br />
我们不妨再看一看西关人住的文化。第一代住房是茅草屋,那也许是人类从原始的进化期就有的——木窗棂,土打墙,又低又矮,这模式一直延续到“文革”后期还屡见不鲜。第二代住房是李德海就任大队支书后由大队统一规划的砖瓦平房,一户三间,对面锅台对面炕,独门小院,也颇宽敞幽静。第三代住房是三中全会后兴建起来的。电灯电话,楼上楼下,却有别于城市里的单元公寓——每家都有个小院,建筑面积110平方米。有带晒箱的洗澡间,有瓷砖壁的厨房,有宽敞明亮的客厅和餐室。厨房里用的是煤气炉——大队有自己的煤气站。现在不必再贴灶王爷——习惯和观念都是生活造成的,改造它也靠生活本身。如今富足的西关人也有闲情厕身于艺术,把漂亮的影星请到宽敞的家里来做客,她们有张瑜、陈冲、丛 珊、刘晓庆、张金玲——当然,现在还仅限于她们的剧照,好客的主人等待着有一天 她们能从银幕上走下来,坐进他们这布满红木家具的第三代“农舍”。不,等她们到来的时候,西关人的第四代住房已经竣工,那是别墅式的小楼,它的建筑面积达200平方米,其规格、样式、造价都足以和那些“将军楼”“专员楼”媲美。而在这楼房里生活的老人们,将和国家职工一样地享受退休金,每月60元,外加“工龄补贴”。西关人的“工龄”,是从三中全会召开的1978年开始计算,这是耐人寻味的。<br />
<br />
We might as well look at the culture of the living conditions for Xiguan people again. The first generation of these residents lived in thatched cottages with wood panels and low earth wall that human beings have had this pattern since their primitive evolution period. It was widespread until the late Cultural Revolution. The second-generation housing was a brick bungalow planned by the brigade after Li Dehai took office as the branch secretary of the brigade. It had three rooms, and the kitchen was in the opposite of the heatable brick bed. It also had a small courtyard with one door, quite spacious and quiet. The third generation housing was built after the Third Plenary Session. There were lights and telephones upstairs and downstairs, which were different from the unit apartment in the city. Each family had a small courtyard with a building area of 110 square meters. There were bathrooms with a dryer, kitchens with ceramic walls, spacious and bright living rooms and dining rooms. In the kitchen was a gas stove, because the brigade had its own gas station. Now there is no need to stick the picture of the Kitchen God. Habits and ideas are caused by life, and they depend on life itself to transform them. Nowadays, wealthy Xiguan people also have free time to enjoy art. They invite beautiful movie stars, including Zhang Yu, Chen Chong, Cong Shan, Liu Xiaoqing and Zhang Jinling, to be guests in their spacious homes. Of course, these are only stage photos. Hospitable hosts are waiting for their arrival in their third generation "farmhouse" full of mahogany furniture from the screen one day. No, when they arrive, the fourth generation housing of Xiguan people had been completed. It was a villa-style small building with a building area of 200 square meters, and its specifications, styles and cost will be comparable to those of "General Building" and "Commissioner Building". The old people living in this building will enjoy pension of 60 yuan per month and wage for seniority in the same way as the national employees. It is intriguing that the seniority of Xiguan people began to be calculated in 1978 when the Third Plenary Session was held.<br />
<br />
西关人在创造着崭新的西关文化,这是和物质文明相伴而来的精神文明。他们把自己生活的地方整个儿变成了一个大花园。<br />
<br />
Xiguan people are creating a brand-new Xiguan culture, which is a spiritual civilization accompanied by material civilization. They turned the whole place where they lived into a big garden.<br />
<br />
“西关文化”的创造,不能不追溯到最初滚动起“锈蚀的车圈”的人——党支部书记李德海。当党中央在三中全会上向全党发出新的指令,许多人还在互相询问“什么？刚才喊的是什么”的时候,李德海已经迎着发令枪的啸音弹跳了出去,成 为胶东改革“鱼肚白”时的一颗启明星!他利用巩固的集体经济,一下子转入了大工业,创造了一个又一个的胶东之最——最早达到人均分配1000元,最早实现电视村,最早在村里设了电话总机,最早修起农民公园,最早办起农民中等专科学校……现代化像个活蹦乱跳的怪物,猛烈地冲击着古朴的传统!<br />
<br />
The creation of Xiguan Culture must be traced back to Li Dehai, secretary of the Party branch, who first rolled up the "rusty car circle". When the CPC Central Committee issued new instructions to the whole party at the Third Plenary Session, many people were still asking each other, "What? What are these instructions?". But Li Dehai had bounced out against the whistling sound of the starting gun and became a star of Jiaodong's new reform! Taking advantage of the consolidated collective economy, he suddenly transferred to the big business, contributing the most to Jiaodong. Jiangdong was the first village where the distribution money was 1000 yuan per person, the first to have TV, the first to set up a telephone switchboard, the first to build a farmer park, and the first to set up a farmer secondary college... Modernization is like a living monster, violently impacting the quaint tradition!<br />
<br />
李德海语录<br />
<br />
Quotations from Li Dehai<br />
<br />
——向老皇历告别<br />
<br />
—Say Goodbye to the Old Chinese Almanac<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“正其义,不谋其利。君子谋道不谋食。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Everything is done for the sake of justice and not for personal gain. A gentleman pursuits Tao rather than food."<br />
<br />
李德海对经济学家薛暮桥说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai told economist Xue Muqiao:<br />
<br />
“‘大锅饭’”与社会主义,挫伤了群众的积极性。不是‘我要干’,而是‘要我干’, 离开干部的眼就耍熊。那时候都觉着干部难当,群众不好领导,但却找不到病根。三中全会以后,群众有了干劲。为什么？这是:人叫人干人不干,政策调动一大片。<br />
<br />
"Food prepared in a large canteen and socialism have dampened the enthusiasm of the masses. It's not 'I want to do it', but 'I am asked to do it'. If they leave cadres, they will act timidly. At that time, we all felt that it was difficult to be a cadre and lead the masses, but we could not find the answer. After the Third Plenary Session, the masses are active. Why? The conclusion is: people are reluctant when they are asked by other people, but policies can mobilize a large number of them."<br />
<br />
“从分配制度上我们是自负盈亏,应当说这是个好饭碗,但不是铁的,不好好干,碗里就没有东西,干得好,收入还不少于国家干部。所以,我们的生产积极性和服务态度可以比国营企业好。再一个,我们‘船小掉头快’,办事自己说了算。官不论大小,说了算就好。不用‘商议商议’‘研究研究’,搞公文旅行。有了这两条,再好好地研究市场,研究消费者需要什么,拾漏补缺,发挥自己的优势……”<br />
<br />
"From the distribution system, we are responsible for our own profits and losses. It should be said that this is a good rice bowl, but it is not an iron one. If we don't do well, there will be nothing in the bowl. If we do well, our income will not be less than that of national cadres. Therefore, our production enthusiasm and service attitude can be better than those of state-owned enterprises. Besides, we "turn around quickly because our ship is small", so we have the final say when dealing with things. It’s good for officials, big or small, to have the final say. We don’t have to ‘negotiate’ or ’study’ with others, leading to tedious and time-consuming process of files and documents. With these two advantages, we will further study the market well, study what consumers need, find out our mistakes, make up for them, and give full play to our own advantages..."<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“知识分子是臭老九……”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Intellectuals are Stinking Old Ninth (ten "castes" of Chinese: bureaucrats, officials, Buddhist monks, Taoist priests, physicians, workers, hunters, prostitutes, (ninth) Confucian scholars and finally beggars)..."<br />
<br />
李德海对某组织部长说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai said to an organization minister:<br />
<br />
“诸葛亮活了56岁,就是不能用人,一个人干,累死了。用兵就是用人,企业管理的核心就是管人,所以我的责任就是管人。管好这个生产力的‘最关键因素’。……官僚主义不爱惜人才,他需要奴才!经营一个企业,必须能拿到利润。靠拼体力,顶多能使利润慢慢地增长,而人才是‘核反应堆’,使利润成倍增长。<br />
<br />
"Zhuge Liang lived 56 years old, but he didn’t know how to find others’ potential, so he was tired to death. To use military forces is to employ talented people, and the core of enterprise management is to manage people, so my responsibility is to manage people. Managing this "most critical factor" in production... Bureaucracy doesn't care for talents, but needs sycophants! To run a business, you must be able to get profits. With labour, profits can grow slowly at best, while talents are "nuclear reactors", which can multiply profits.<br />
<br />
“管好人首先要责任明确。这要有两条保证:政治权力务实,经济利益直接。共产主义时代人们以最高的觉悟代替责任制,到那时应干的,没人不让干,有人不让干,我也要干,不应该给的没人给,有人给我也不要。这就是共产主义觉悟。过去的政治工作,整天翻档案,现在的政治工作,要转向为经济工作服务……<br />
<br />
"Managing people well must first require clear responsibilities. There are two guarantees: exercising political rights well and controlling one’s own benefits. In the Communist era, people replaced the responsibility system with the highest awareness. At that time, no one will refuse to do what should be done; I will still do what should be done even if I am not allowed to do it; no one will give what should not be given, and I will not receive it even if others give what should not be given to me. This is communist awareness. In the past, political work included turning over archives all day, but now political work should help to improve the economy... "<br />
<br />
“礼治君子,法治小人,棒子治驴。前两句是孔子的,后一句是我的。”<br />
<br />
"Courtesy governs the gentleman; law deals with the villain; sticks frighten donkey. The first two sentences are from Confucius and the latter sentence is from me."<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“新三年,旧三年,缝缝补补又三年。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "When you buy something to use, it is new for you in 3 years. Then it will become old in next 3 years. At last, it needs to be repaired to use in the last 3 years."<br />
<br />
李德海对新华社社长穆青说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai told Mu Qing, Xinhua News Agency President:<br />
<br />
“我不带头存款,我带头消费。消费可以刺激生产。低标准,低消费,自满自足的生活方式是小生产观念的反映。简朴是一种美德,但简朴不等于安贫。艰苦朴素是我们的传统,但不是我们追求的目的。西关大队要有300万存款就不好领导了,坐着吃利息,导致社会经济瘫痪。猪肥了不动弹。生产,分配,流通,消费,是商品的总体过程,高分配必须伴随着高消费。外国人能享受的,我们中国人到时候也能享受!我们规定:凡购买十四寸彩电者,每台补贴300元;凡购买电冰箱、电风扇、录音机、洗衣机者,每年补贴零售价的25% ;凡购买新式家具者,每件补贴购进价的10%,鼓励消费。现在全村彩电和新式家具已达到100%。"<br />
<br />
"I don't take the lead in saving money, but I take the lead in spending. Consumption can stimulate production. The lifestyle of low standard, low consumption and complacency is the reflection of the concept of small production. Simplicity is a virtue, but simplicity does not mean poverty. Hard work and plain living are our tradition, but they are not our goal. If Xiguan Brigade has a deposit of 3 million yuan, it will be difficult to lead, because people in this brigade will sit down and enjoy interest, leading to social and economic paralysis. Pigs don't move when they are fat. Production, distribution, circulation and consumption are the overall process of commodities, and high distribution must be accompanied by high consumption. What foreigners can enjoy, we Chinese can enjoy it then! Our policies are that those who buy 14-inch color TV sets will be subsidized by 300 yuan per TV; Those who buy refrigerators, electric fans, tape recorders and washing machines are subsidized by 25% of the retail price every year; For those who buy new furniture, 10% of the buying price is subsidized for each piece to encourage consumption. Now everyone has color TV sets and new furniture in the village. "<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“当一天和尚撞一天钟。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Go on tolling the bell as long as one is a monk."<br />
<br />
李德海对剧作家漠雁说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai said to Mo Yan, a playwright:<br />
<br />
“我一辈子欠两个人的情,一个是我母亲的情,一个是共产党的情。我们共产党人要干一天打算一辈子。作为一个共产党员,你那个单位搞不好,就起到了反对党的作用,因为你导致了群众对党的不满。我们是共产党人,我们要维护共产党的事业,共产党的事业要令人向往!是真拥护党的路线,还是假拥护党的路线,检验的标准是实践,你能为党办成一点事也好！如果我们每个共产党人都在中华民族历史上做出一点点贡献的话,共产主义的到来就会大大加快！生当作人杰,死亦为鬼雄,君子持德不图其报,我们这些人都是为党死而后已的人,个人有什么呢?”<br />
<br />
"I owe two people in my life. One is my mother and the other is the Communist Party. We Communists have to plan our whole life for one day. As a Communist Party member, if your department is not good, it means the Party is prevented from development, because you have caused the masses to be dissatisfied with the Party. We are Communists, so we should safeguard the cause of the Communist Party, which should be desirable! The standard of test is practice, checking whether you really support the party's line or not. And it is good that you can accomplish something for the party! If each of us communists makes a little contribution in the history of the Chinese nation, the arrival of communism will be greatly accelerated! Be man of men while you're alive, and soul of souls if you're dead. A gentleman with virtue doesn’t ask for rewards. We are all people who can die for the party. Does it matter for only a person?"<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“知足常乐,安贫乐道。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Be content with your current situation and a simple but virtuous life."<br />
<br />
李德海对笔者说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai said to the author:<br />
<br />
“我喜欢和文艺界的人交往,一是你们说的话不为准,二是能开阔我的眼界。<br />
<br />
"I like to associate with people in the literary and art circles. First, what you say does not need to be exact. Second, but you can broaden my horizons."<br />
<br />
“历史上改革者都没有好下场。商鞅变革被五马分尸,王安石变法掉了乌纱帽。大将不怕阵前亡,有心当改革者就不怕掉脑袋！对改革的两种看法,过去有, 现在有,将来也有！长六指的人本来是怪异,突然割了去也觉得像少了什么。改革者的前提是爱国主义精神。爱国主义精神是最大的精神文明。国家如有难,汝当做先锋。共产党人为改革敢于去攻碉堡,敢于捐躯铺路。我说应该给改革者立功, 评一级英雄！<br />
<br />
"Reformers have never come to a good end in history. Shang Yang was dismembered because of his reform, and Wang Anshi lost his job because of the New Policies. A general is not afraid of dying in the battle, and if one wants to be a reformer, he is not afraid of losing his life! There are two views on reform in the past, now and in the future! People with six fingers were originally weird, and suddenly they felt like something was missing when a finger was cut off. The premise of reformers is patriotism. Patriotism is the greatest spiritual civilization. If your country is in trouble, you should be a pioneer. Communists dare to attack bunkers and die for reform. I think that we should make meritorious deeds to reformers and evaluate first- level heroes!"<br />
<br />
“改革也不是一朝一夕的事情。国营企业没松绑那时候,我们是活人和死人打仗,那还没有个赢?现在一松绑,有些人还麻木不仁,真正想干点事的人,现在就该加快步伐整顿。<br />
<br />
"Reform cannot be completed in a matter of days. At that time, when power was not devolved to the state-owned enterprises, we were fighting with the dead, so will we lose? Now that state-owned companies have power, some people are still insensitive. Those who really want to do something should speed up the pace of rectification now."<br />
<br />
“做什么事情不能有把握了再干,有个五六成就动手啊,说不定一干就干成了。 万无一失、手拿把攥的方案是没有的,按部就班,那不叫改革！<br />
<br />
"We can’t do something after we are sure about it. When the possibility of success is beyond 50%, we can embark on reforms and maybe we will be successful. There is no plan to be foolproof. Sticking to the rules is not reform!"<br />
<br />
“你们写文章要实事求是,不要把改革者写成神。只要写出改革者的苦衷,写出他们为什么要这么做,就行了！让外面知道中国农民是有血性、有志气、有刚火、有才干的,是能够夸耀于整个人类的！”<br />
<br />
"You should seek truth from facts when writing articles, and don't regard reformers as gods. Just write down the difficulties of reformers and why they did it! Let the outside know that Chinese farmers are enthusiastic, upright, ambitious, competent and talented, and can be praised among the whole mankind!"<br />
<br />
黄昏中的曲线<br />
<br />
Curvy Figures in the Dusk<br />
<br />
——向封建礼教告别<br />
<br />
—Say goodbye to Feudal Ethics<br />
<br />
一个小小的村子,一下拿出20万元,建起两个露天游泳池,在全国也许是第 一家。<br />
<br />
A small village spent 200,000 yuan at a time on two outdoor swimming pools, which may be the first one in China.<br />
<br />
西关游泳池开放那天,正逢我在他们大队采访,那是7月16日,头一天,李德 海到游泳池边巡视一圈,觉得这里少了点什么,当即把大修厂厂长和玩具厂的厂长叫了来:<br />
<br />
On the opening day of Xiguan Swimming Pool, I was interviewing their brigade. It was July 16. Before the day, Li Dehai visited the swimming pool and felt that there was something missing here. He immediately called the director of a garage and a toy factory:<br />
<br />
“搞两个跳水台,两个更衣室,要符合规格,美观大方,明天早晨我来看！”<br />
<br />
"Build two diving platforms and two locker rooms, which should meet the specifications and be beautiful and tasteful. I will come to see them tomorrow morning!"<br />
<br />
两位厂长不敢怠慢,连夜带领工人铆、焊、锯、接,第二天来参加剪彩仪式的人们瞠目结舌,游泳池端神话般地立起两个高高的跳水台,那是足以和“奥运会”赛场上的跳水台媲美的,另外还有两个小别墅式的浅绿色的更衣室。<br />
<br />
The two factory directors did not dare to neglect, so they led the workers to do their jobs, welding and sawing overnight. The people who came to attend the ribbon-cutting ceremony the next day were stunned. Erected at the end of the swimming pool surprisingly were two high diving platforms, which were comparable to the diving platforms in the Olympic Games. There were also two small villa-style light green locker rooms.<br />
<br />
姑娘们不好意思走近游泳池跟前,用正眼去看那些裸露着肌肤的小伙子们,但新生活的浪花毕竟有巨大的吸引力,小伙子们在池中的每一声拍击都回荡着文明的呼唤。<br />
<br />
Girls were embarrassed to approach the swimming pool and look at the bare-skinned boys, but after all, the waves of new life had great attraction, and every slap of the boys in the pool echoed the call of civilization.<br />
<br />
于是,有两位姑娘挺身而出,在黄昏时起程,开始了向文明的过渡——她们带着羞颜租了游泳衣和救生圈,在晚霞中显露出自己优美的曲线——世界突然发现了她们,她们解下了束在身上的封建礼教,勇敢地向水中跳去,让肌肤贴着新生活的潮流。<br />
<br />
So, two girls stepped forward and set out at dusk to the transition of civilization. They rented swimming suits and lifebuoys with shame, and showed their beautiful curves in the sunset. The world suddenly found them. They took off the feudal ethics tied around their bodies and bravely jumped into the water, letting their skin feel the trend of new life.<br />
<br />
不幸的是,像任何的开拓和探索,都会遇到风浪和波折,一位姑娘不慎将救生圈脱手,这里的水深是2米至4米,她陷于“灭顶之灾”。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, like any development and exploration, there will be storms and difficulties in the process. A girl didn’t seize her lifebuoy accidentally. The water depth here was 2 meters to 4 meters, and she was in danger.<br />
<br />
她的伙伴拼命为她呼喊:“快来救命呀!”<br />
<br />
Her partner shouted desperately for her: "Help!"<br />
<br />
在隔壁池里游泳的小伙子们,开始以为是一个玩笑,当发现是事实时,他们比任何时候都更踊跃,争先恐后地游上前来扶腰、托腿、拉臂、抱头……<br />
<br />
The boys swimming in the next pool began to think it was a joke. When it was found to be true, they were more active than ever, scrambling to swim forward to grab her waist, support her legs, pull her arms and hold her heads...<br />
<br />
两个姑娘回到了更衣室。<br />
<br />
The two girls returned to the dressing room.<br />
<br />
功勋卓绝的小伙子们都不想离去,刚才忙于救护,没有看清两个“开拓者”的芳颜,他们静静地守候在更衣室的门口,像等待着女皇加冕仪式……<br />
<br />
Boys helping a lot didn't want to leave. They just got busy with rescue, so they didn't see the two "pioneers" clearly. They waited quietly at the door of the locker room, like waiting for the coronation ceremony of the Queen...<br />
<br />
撕去封建礼教的遮布,他们也忽然发现了自己的姐妹,发现了美的曲线!<br />
<br />
Tearing off the cloth of feudal ethics, they suddenly discovered their sisters and the curve of beauty!<br />
<br />
但是,使他们大为失望的是,两位姑娘不愿以失败者的面目出现在异性面 前——从后门悄悄离去了!<br />
<br />
However, to their great disappointment, the two girls did not want to appear in front of the opposite sex as losers, so they quietly left through the back door!<br />
<br />
游泳池小小的涟漪冲击进西关大队办公室,有人把它传为险情,有人把它当作逸闻,胆子大的人们对李德海进谏:<br />
<br />
The small ripples in the swimming pool spread across the office of Xiguan Brigade. Some people regarded it as a danger, others regarded it as an anecdote. Some courageous people advised Li Dehai:<br />
<br />
“你修那个游泳池太深了,穆铁柱下去也不露头!”<br />
<br />
"That swimming pool you have built is too deep, and Mu Tiezhu (he is more than 2 memters) can be drowned when he went down!"<br />
<br />
“外国说儿童游泳对身体有好处,咱的池子那么深,儿童更下不去！”<br />
<br />
"Foreign countries say that swimming for children is good for their health. Our pool is so deep that children can't get down!"<br />
<br />
李德海没有回答,久久地沉默着。猛然,他拿起电话:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai did not answer and remained silent for a long time. Suddenly, he picked up the phone:<br />
<br />
“给我接建筑队……许经理吗?你来一下。”<br />
<br />
"Call the construction team... Manager Xu? Come here."<br />
<br />
李德海把建筑队的经理领到游泳池边,用手一指:“在这里再挖一个游泳池,一米五深。3天以内把土方挖完,5天砌好!”<br />
<br />
Li Dehai led the manager of the construction team to the swimming pool and pointed with his finger: "Dig another swimming pool here with the depth of 1.5 meters. Dig the earthwork within 3 days and build it in 5 days!"<br />
<br />
推土机隆隆地开上了那块古老的土地,要为姐妹们开辟ー个文明的渡口……<br />
<br />
Bulldozers rumbled on the ancient land to open up civilized ferry crossings for sisters...<br />
<br />
不久,新游泳池建成,姐妹们不必再用黄昏和暮色遮掩你们的曲线,在正午的阳光下走来吧,如果你们愿意,也不妨穿上比基尼泳装,新文明的春光属于你们的父兄,当然也属于你们!<br />
<br />
Soon, the new swimming pool was built. Sisters, you don't have to cover your curves with dusk and twilight. Come in the midday sun. If you like, you may as well wear bikinis. The spring of new civilization belongs to your father and brother, and of course it belongs to you!<br />
<br />
文明大厦的崛起<br />
<br />
The Rise of Civilization Building<br />
<br />
——向愚昧告别<br />
<br />
—Say goodbye to Ignorance<br />
<br />
李德海在西关创办了全中国第一座农民中专。<br />
<br />
Li Dehai founded the first farmers’ technical secondary school in Xiguan.<br />
<br />
西关农民中专设有乡镇商业和乡镇企业机械制造两个专业,今年首批招生 100名,也就是说,以后每年都将有100个“孙智坤”跨进这个全国第一个由农村生产队兴办的中等专科学校。<br />
<br />
Xiguan Farmers' Technical Secondary School has two majors: township commerce and township enterprise machinery manufacturing. This year, 100 students were enrolled first, that is to say, every year, 100 "Sun Zhikun" will step into the first secondary school set up by rural production teams in China.<br />
<br />
这所学校投资55万元,对于一个农村生产队,是一笔不小的数目。如今,这所文明的大厦已经矗立在宁海湖边。李德海兼任这所农民中专的校长,聘请山东经济学院院长张文杰为名誉校长,并聘请了13名大专毕业的教师。招生对象是高中毕业或具有同等学力的农村青年,参加全省农民中专统一招生考试。学制两年。学习期满、考试合格者,学校发给毕业证书。愿留西关村工作者,经半年实习录用,享受中专毕业生待遇,上学期间学费由西关村退给本人,并每月追发补贴30元。<br />
<br />
This school has invested 550,000 yuan, which is not a small amount of money for a rural production team. Today, this civilization building has stood by Ninghai Lake. Li Dehai is also the principal of this farmer technical secondary school, and Zhang Wenjie, president of Shandong Institute of Economics, is invited as honorary principal. 13 college graduates are hired. Prospective students are rural youth who graduated from high school or have the same educational level, who can participate in the entrance examination of farmers' technical secondary schools in the whole province. The length of schooling is two years. The school will issue graduation certificates to those who pass the examination after the completion of their studies. Workers who are willing to stay in Xiguan Village enjoy the treatment like technical secondary school graduates after half a year's internship. Tuition fees will be refunded to them by Xiguan Village during school, and 30 yuan will be subsidized every month.<br />
<br />
兴办这所中专的深远意义还在于从知识结构上改造农民队伍,由“体力型”转向“智力型”,使之适应现代化的需要,李德海已经看到,仅靠业余教育已远远不够,靠招聘也非长远之计。<br />
<br />
The far-reaching significance of setting up this technical secondary school lies in transforming the farmer’s team from "physical strength" to "intelligence" in terms of knowledge structure, so as to meet the needs of modernization. Li Dehai has seen that amateur education alone is far from enough, and recruitment is not a long-term solution.<br />
<br />
这里要提一笔的是,李德海的招贤纳士在胶东是闻名的。这里没有门户之见, 招聘来的人可以当厂长,当经理,拿西关最高工薪。在1000多名外来人中,人才济济、藏龙卧虎。他们中有会四种外语的经济专家、有机械行业闻名的工程师、有部队离休的团政治委员、有黄埔军校的军医、有“余热发电”的退休教师、有劳改释放的技术员、有李宗仁主持过婚礼的“右派厂长”、有走投无路想跳水库的技术科长、有备受打击的会计师、有逃婚在外的少女、有被哥嫂打出来的孤儿……<br />
<br />
It should be mentioned here that Li Dehai is famous for recruiting talents in Jiaodong. There is no bias against diploma here. The recruits can be factory directors and managers to get the highest salary in Xiguan. Among more than 1,000 outsiders, there are many talented people and undiscovered talents. Among them are economists who can speak four foreign languages, famous engineers in the machinery industry, retired political commissars of the regiment, military doctors of Republic of China Military Academy, retired teachers who still would like to make contributions in spare time, technicians released after the reform through labor, "right-wing factory director" who had a wedding presided by Li Zongren, technical section chief who had no way out to jump into the reservoir, accountants who have been lashed out, girls who have escaped from marriage, and orphans who have been beaten by their brothers and sisters...<br />
<br />
这些人在西关都找到了自己的位置,成为一个有用的人,为西关的起飞做出了贡献!<br />
<br />
These people have found their own position in Xiguan, become available to the society, and made contributions to the take-off of Xiguan!<br />
<br />
愚昧,不仅在于没有文化,更在于对文化的轻视和践踏!<br />
<br />
Ignorance lies not only in lack of culture, but also in contempt for and trampling on culture!<br />
<br />
随着党风的改进和企业的竞争,这些人才的社会来源将越来越少,西关应有自己的文化大厦,从里面走出自己的厂长、工程师、会计师、技术员。<br />
<br />
With the improvement of the Party's work style and the competition of enterprises, social sources of these talents will become less and less. Xiguan should have its own cultural building, from which its own factory directors, engineers, accountants and technicians will be nurtured.<br />
<br />
这就是1984年春天,在病中的李德海为什么急切地把厂长们叫到床前,分派木材厂做桌椅板凳和床铺,分派商场配备炊事用具、教学用具,分派总务主任置办办公设备。而有关人才的选聘,都是李德海亲顾茅庐。<br />
<br />
This is why in the spring of 1984, Li Dehai, who was ill, eagerly called the factory directors to the bed, assigned the timber factory to make tables, chairs, stool and beds, assigned the shopping mall to be equipped with cooking utensils and teaching utensils, and assigned the general affairs director to buy office equipment. And the selection and employment of talents are all managed by Li Dehai.<br />
<br />
有一天,烟台职业教育局一位处长向李德海传信,本县西留格庄联中有一位哈尔滨商校毕业的民办教师。李德海立时从炕上爬起——学校正缺商业专科教师, 他拉上县教育局的离休干部曲维涛登上吉普车。<br />
<br />
One day, a director of Yantai Vocational Education Bureau sent a message to Li Dehai, saying that there was an uncertified teacher who graduated from Harbin Commercial College in Liugezhuang Union Middle School of the western county. Li Dehai immediately climbed up from the heatable brick bed, because the school was short of business college teachers. He asked Qu Weitao, a retired cadre of the county education bureau, and boarded the jeep.<br />
<br />
天已中午,他连午饭也顾不上吃,滴着虚汗,操纵着方向盘,像一个往前方抢运弹药的火线驾驶员。<br />
<br />
It was already noon, but he can't even attend the lunch. Dripping with sweat, steering the steering wheel, he was like a driver rushing forward to transport ammunition.<br />
<br />
汽车径直开到那位教师的家门前,那位教师不知发生了什么事情,因为从来没 有坐吉普车的人来找过他。<br />
<br />
The jeep drove straight to the teacher's door. He didn’t know what happened, because no one in the jeep had ever come to him.<br />
<br />
“孔老师,我是来求贤的！”李德海进门第一句话这样说。<br />
<br />
"Mr. Kong, I'm here to seek talents!" Li Dehai said in the first sentence when he entered the house.<br />
<br />
这位被岁月夺走了青春的民办教师名叫孔庆埠,1957年商校毕业后,几十年来,他的专业一直没有得以应用。<br />
<br />
This uncertified teacher, who was not in his prime, was named Kong Qingbu. After graduating from business school in 1957, he has not applied his expertise for decades.<br />
<br />
“你在商校都学过一些什么课程?……西关中专准备设商业班,你愿不愿意应聘?”<br />
<br />
"What courses have you studied in business schools?... We are preparing to set up a business class in Xiguan Technical Secondary School. Are you willing to join us?"<br />
<br />
“二十多年了,学过的东西都忘了。有些知识也老化了。”<br />
<br />
"It has been over twenty years, so I have forgotten what I have learned. Some knowledge is not new."<br />
<br />
“忘了可以复习,比没有学过要强。去了以后可以边干边学,教学空闲到别的学校走一走,自己深造!”<br />
<br />
"You can review it even if you forget it, and forgetting knowledge is better than not learning. After you come to our school, you can learn knowledge while working, take a walk in other schools when you are free to pursue advanced studies!"<br />
<br />
这个被遗忘在穷山沟里20多年的商校毕业生,做梦也没想到自己的专业还会再有用武之地。他的结发妻子和3个孩子在一边眼巴巴地看着他。<br />
<br />
This business school graduate, who has been forgotten in the poor ravine for more than 20 years, never dreamed that his major would be useful again. His wife and three children watched him eagerly.<br />
<br />
“如果西关需要,李书记你瞧得起,我去！只是不知学校和乡里同意不同意。”<br />
<br />
"If Xiguan needs me and you think highly of me, I'll go! I just don't know if the school and the township agree or not."<br />
<br />
“由我来办!”<br />
<br />
"I'll do it!"<br />
<br />
李德海又登上吉普车,奔学校,奔乡政府去通融。这样一桩复杂的“人事”,从出车到事情定盘,总共用了40分钟的时间。3天以后,孔庆埠已经成了李德海家里的座上客了！<br />
<br />
Li Dehai boarded the jeep again, ran to the school and the township government to bend the rules. Such a complicated thing took a total of 40 minutes from getting out of the car to making a deal. Three days later, Kong Qingbu has become a guest at Li Dehai's home!<br />
<br />
第八章故乡的足音<br />
<br />
Chapter 8 Sound of Footsteps in Hometown<br />
<br />
1984年阴历大年初一,宁海镇举行了有史以来的第一次农民队伍的检阅。<br />
<br />
On the Chinses New Year's Day in 1984, Ninghai Town held the first ever inspection of farmers’ teams.<br />
<br />
迎着早春的霞光,壮阔的万人长队穿过古老而年轻的镇街。<br />
<br />
Facing the glow of early spring, 10,000 people queuing passed through the ancient and young town streets, which was magnificent.<br />
<br />
走在最前面的方队,是宁海镇的农民仪仗队,由120名乡镇企业的男女青年组 成,身穿一色的将军呢制服,戴着白手套,他们高举着彩旗,吹奏着军乐。他们吹奏“国歌”,吹奏“镇歌”——<br />
<br />
The front formation was the honor guard of farmers in Ninghai Town, which was composed of 120 young men and women wearing the same color of general uniforms and white gloves from township enterprises. They held high colorful flags and played military music. They played the national anthem and the town song—<br />
<br />
前进,英雄的宁海人民,<br />
<br />
Forward, heroic Ninghai people,<br />
<br />
党的路线指引着我们向新的时代进军!<br />
<br />
the Party's line guides us to March into a new era!<br />
<br />
我们顶天立地,<br />
<br />
We are indomitable spirit,<br />
<br />
倒悬沧海,<br />
<br />
hanging upside down in the sea,<br />
<br />
吞吐乾坤,<br />
<br />
inhaling and exhaling between heaven and earth,<br />
<br />
敢当历史的巨人。<br />
<br />
and becoming a giant of history.<br />
<br />
勇于开拓,<br />
<br />
Be brave in pioneering,<br />
<br />
万众一心,<br />
<br />
Unite as one,<br />
<br />
向着光辉灿烂的目标,<br />
<br />
Towards a brilliant goal,<br />
<br />
前进,前进,再前进!<br />
<br />
Forward, forward, forward again!<br />
<br />
写着2000年的巨大的火车头开过来了（里面罩着汽车）!它喷吐着浓烟,拉着汽笛;它运行的节奏,震撼着大地,它象征着历史的列车飞速奔驰。<br />
<br />
The huge locomotive with the words 2000 was coming (cars were in it)! It spewed smoke and pulled the whistle; The rhythm of its operation shook the earth. It symbolized that history was developing fast like a zooming train.<br />
<br />
紧跟在后面的,是西关大队。“大黄河”上载着男女社员装扮的“八仙过海”。连续3年人均分配千元的西关人,意气风发地跟在1984年夺得700万纯利润的彩牌车后。他们无愧于是胶东改革的火车头!<br />
<br />
Closely followed was Xiguan Brigade. In the "Great Yellow River" were "eight immortals" dressed up by male and female members. Xiguan people, who have been allocated 1,000 yuan per capita for three consecutive years, exuberantly followed the colorful car with a net profit of 7 million yuan in 1984. They are worthy of being the locomotive of reform in Jiaodong!<br />
<br />
最先和西关争雄的新牟人追上来了! 20辆幸福摩托车在前面开路,像欢迎某国的总统。气势磅礴的“大解放”车队,分别装有“龙凤呈祥”和大队出产的各种工业品的模型转塔。比这更夺目的是他们打出了在新的一年要实现人均分配2000元的彩牌!站在街两旁“吃国库粮”的观众无不为之瞠目结舌。<br />
<br />
The first to compete with Xiguan was Xinmou people who have caught up! 20 Xingfu motorcycles opened the way in front, like welcoming the president of a certain country. The magnificent "Great Liberation" motorcade was equipped with model turrets of "prosperity brought by the dragon and the phoenix" and various products produced by the brigade. What was more striking than this was that they have printed the color card of 2000 yuan per capita in the new year! The audience who had urban household registration standing on both sides of the street was stunned.<br />
<br />
东油坊的方队、王家疃的方队、王贺庄的方队、孔家疃的方队、文化里的方队……一个方队,一排奔腾的浪涛！<br />
<br />
Dongyoufang's formation, Wang village's formation, Wanghezhuang's formation, Kong village's formation, Wenhuali's square team... a formation was like rushing waves!<br />
<br />
——这是真正的男子汉的方队！队伍里集合了不同年龄、不同气质的应稼汉, 他们穿上了一色的“料子服”。那是饱经风霜,像油画《父亲》ー样的面孔,那是涂着古铜色的油彩,像黄河船夫一样的面孔,那是有着目光像铁块一样坚定的面孔, 那是有着额角像大理石一样平展的面孔。无数流逝的岁月在他们的手上磨起了老茧,崎岖的路程膨胀了他们腿上的筋脉。作为共和国大厦的地基,他们嶙峋的肩架上曾背起过大庆的井架,他们的手腕曾擎起过联合国大厦上的五星红旗!今天他们用新的智慧充实了自己的大脑,用新的物质延长了自己的手臂,在这片古老的大地上开动了马达,建筑起大厦,奏响了仙乐,浇灌出鲜花,创建了法则,塑造了时代! 他们扬起男子汉的头颅,那是成熟了的思想果实,历尽了人间的雨雪风霜;他们的双脚是锋利的耧角,在时代的沟垄里插下希望和奇迹——为了使每一个母亲不再为生活垂泪,为使每一个妻子不再为辛劳早衰,为了使每一个女儿不再出卖美丽的发辫,为了使每一个童心的幻想不遭受摧残……<br />
<br />
This was the real man's formation! Wearing the same color of woolen uniform, farmers of different ages and temperament gathered in the team. It was a weather-beaten face like the oil painting "Father", a face painted with bronze, a face like the Yellow River boatman, a face with firm eyes like iron blocks, and a face with flat forehead like marble. Calluses on their hands were caused by past years, and tendons on their legs were expanded because of the rugged journey. As the foundation of the Republic Building, they once carried the derrick of Daqing on their bony shoulders, and their wrists once held the five-star red flag on the United Nations Building! Today, they enrich their brains with new wisdom, extend their arms with new materials, start motors, build buildings, play beautiful music, water flowers, create laws and shape the times in this ancient land! They raise the head of a man, which is the fruit of mature thought and has experienced the rain, snow, wind and frost on earth. Their feet are sharp farming tools, growing hopes and miracles in the furrows and ridges of the times. Because they don’t want to make every mother stop crying for life, make every wife stop aging prematurely for hard work, make every daughter stop selling beautiful braids, and make every childlike fantasy not destroyed...<br />
<br />
——这是以贤良、勤劳闻名的胶东妇女方队！她们步履整齐,也和男子汉们一样,穿上了一色的呢料服装,她们舍弃了那打着补丁的衣服和打着补丁的日子。她们来自窄窄的磨道,来自低矮的灶台,来自茂密而炎热的青纱帐,来自古老小河边的棒槌石。她们集合在时代的旗帜下,脚上不再像祖母和母亲那样裹着缠足布,脸上不像昨日那样带有菜色。男子汉们不会忘记你们,你们用自己的忍饥受饿支撑了贫穷的日子,你们用工巧的针线缝补了艰涩的岁月。胃袋里的瓜蔓、树皮曾早谢了你们的青春,寒冷的秋霜冬雪染白了你们的鬓发！是你们把辛勤养育的儿子和兄弟送给人民军队,让他们用胸膛守卫国疆。为了每ー个父亲、丈夫、儿子都能体面地活在世上,你们把自己的生命变成燃烧的烛光。而今你们挺起了丰满的身躯, 衣襟在行进中旗帜一样飘起,像走向丰收的田野,去收获稻谷,去收获商品,收获汽笛一样欢乐的笑声和锻锤一样凝重的尊严,补偿那歉收的年景……<br />
<br />
This was the formation of Jiaodong women, who were famous for their virtue and diligence! They walked neatly and wore the same color of woolen clothes as men. They gave up the patched clothes and bad days. They come from narrow mill roads, low stoves, thick and hot green fields, and sticks used to pound clothes in washing by ancient rivers. They gather under the banner of the times, and their feet are no longer wrapped in foot-binding cloth like their grandmother and mother, and their faces were not that pale as they were yesterday. Men will never forget you. You have experienced the poor days by suffering from hunger, and you have sewed up the difficult years with skillful needles and threads. The vines and bark in the stomach were in your youth, and the cold autumn frost and winter snow have dyed your sideburns white! It was you who gave your hard-raised sons and brothers to the people's army and asked them to guard the country with their chests. To make every father, husband and son live decently in the world, you turned your life into a burning candlelight. Now you have stood up your plump bod with your skirts floating like flags while marching, like heading for a bumper harvest field to harvest rice, goods, joyful laughter like whistles and dignity like forging hammers, and compensating for the poor harvest year...<br />
<br />
游行队伍里有歌声的舒展,舞姿的奔放,雄狮的跳跃,长龙的奔腾,这是从历史深处走出来的土地的灵魂！<br />
<br />
In the parade, there were relaxing songs, enthusiastic dance, jumping lions and rushing dragons, which were the soul of the land coming out from the depths of history!<br />
<br />
沸腾的宁海镇！激动的宁海镇！<br />
<br />
Ninghai Town with a cacophony of voices! Excited Ninghai Town!<br />
<br />
这队伍像解冻的冰川,你可以听到冰块向前流动的互相撞击声;这队伍是流淌的岩浆,你可以感受到那炙烤肌肤的热风,它冲决了凝固了几千年的传统,一直向前、向前,什么力量也不能把它阻挡！<br />
<br />
This team was like a thawed glacier, and you can hear the sound of ice flowing forward and hitting each other. This team was flowing magma, and you can feel the hot air blowing your skin. It broke the rooted tradition that had been for thousands of years, kept moving forward, and no force can stop it!<br />
<br />
这支按共产党人的构思组合起来的队伍,不再是黄巢的散兵,不再是李自成的败伍,他们是新时期的胶东子弟兵纵队,集合在镰刀、斧头的旗帜下,走进了伟大的中国改革史诗之页,冲撞着21世纪的横线……<br />
<br />
This team combined according to the idea of the communists is no longer Huang Chao’s stragglers and disbanded soldiers or Li Zicheng’s defeated soilders. They are the Jiaodong’s military columns in the new era, who gather under the banner of sickle and axe and are written on the page of the great Chinese reform epic, breaching the barrier of the 21st century...<br />
<br />
（原载《解放军文艺》1985年第5期）<br />
<br />
(Originally published in the People's Liberation Army Literature and Art, Issue 5, 1985)<br />
<br />
==卷二：3.理论狂人 Volume 2: 3.Theory Fanatic==<br />
<br />
理论狂人<br />
<br />
Theory Fanatic<br />
<br />
——献给一位无名经济理论家<br />
<br />
—To a Unsung Economic Theorist<br />
<br />
陈祖芬<br />
<br />
Chen Zufen<br />
<br />
这里就是罗陀斯,就在这里跳跃吧!<br />
<br />
Hic Rhodus, hic salta! <br />
<br />
这里就有玫瑰花,就在这里跳舞吧!<br />
<br />
Here is the rose, here dance! <br />
<br />
——马克思<br />
<br />
—Karl Marx<br />
<br />
夏时制与变革的强制性<br />
<br />
Mandatory for Daylight Saving Time and Reform<br />
<br />
“从北京开往西安的35次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间8点06分。<br />
<br />
"The No.35 train from Beijing to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 8:06."<br />
<br />
“从成都开往西安的238次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间9点12分。<br />
<br />
"The No.238 train from Chengdu to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 9:12."<br />
<br />
“从太原开往西安的425次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间9点52分。<br />
<br />
"The No.425 train from Taiyuan to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 9:52."<br />
<br />
“从上海开往乌鲁木齐的53次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间11点16分。<br />
<br />
"The No.53 train from Shanghai to Urumqi has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 11:16."<br />
<br />
“从广州开往西安的273次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间12点56分。<br />
<br />
"The No.273 train from Guangzhou to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 12:56."<br />
<br />
“从郑州开往西安的4次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间4点14分。”<br />
<br />
"The No.4 trains from Zhengzhou to Xi'an have arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 4:14."<br />
<br />
每次播音员的话音一落,列车里便站起一个个激动不安、迫不及待的记者和学者。1986年5月,从四面八方开往西安的列车和飞机上,突然冒出了这么多“心动过速”的人们——他们的心,早就超越了火车和飞机的速度到达了西安。《人民日报》的记者心急火燎地从北京开着皇冠车,星夜兼程地驰向古都西安。《羊城晚报》的记者,一听说我国20世纪以来发掘的最大的墓葬揭椁开棺,跳上小车去赶广州开往西安的飞机。<br />
<br />
Every time when the announcer finished his words, excited journalists and scholars can’t wait to stand up in the train. In May 1986, on the trains and planes heading for Xi'an from all directions, so many people with "tachycardia" suddenly appeared—their hearts had already surpassed the speed of trains and planes to reach Xi'an. Reporters of People's Daily drove the Toyota Crown from Beijing anxiously to Xi'an, the ancient Chinses capital, all night. Hearing that the largest tomb excavated in China since the 20th century would be uncovered, reporters of Yangcheng Evening News jumped into a car to catch the plane from Guangzhou to Xi'an.<br />
<br />
2600年前建造的这个秦公一号大墓,为研究中国奴隶社会的政治、经济、文化,提供了大量的实物资料。<br />
<br />
The tomb of Duke Jing of Qin built 2,600 years ago provides a lot of materials for studying the politics, economy and culture of Chinese slave society.<br />
<br />
按照马克思主义的历史观,铁器是封建社会生产力水平的一种标志。然而秦公一号大墓,一方面以180多个殉葬的棺椁把秦国的奴隶制社会无可辩驳地展现在我们面前,另一方面又以已经出土的十多件精良的铁器,撼动了关于铁器的标志说。难道秦人也要向马克思主义挑战?我夹杂在“发掘热”的人群里走进了西去的列车。不过我不是想去发掘秦俑的。我要去发掘一个也许是当今了不起的经济理论家。我相信这个人的探索可以为今天中国的经济体制改革提供一些理论依据。<br />
<br />
According to the Marxist view of history, iron is a symbol of the production level in feudal society. However, the tomb of Duke Jing of Qin consisting of over 180 coffins, on the one hand, have irrefutably displayed the slave society of Qin in front of us. On the other hand, more than ten excellent ironware have been unearthed, changing the view of ironware. Do Qin people also challenge Marxism? I walked into the train going west in the crowd obsessed with "excavation rush". But I don't want to see Terracotta Army. I'm going to find a great economic theorist today. I believe this man's exploration can provide some theoretical basis for China's economic system reform today.<br />
<br />
5月4日。我搭乘的279次列车是晚8点多开车。我掐着时间走进列车,一看 表,怎么才7点多?是不是我家里那只钟走错了?还是我糊里糊涂地早走了一小时?可我也不至于这么错乱呵!现在到底是7点还是8点?<br />
<br />
On May 4th, my No.279 train should leave at 8 o'clock in the evening. I calculated the time to walk into the train and look at my watch. Why was it only about 7 o'clock? Was the clock in my house going wrong? Or did I leave an hour early in a confused way? But I would not do it so unwittingly! Was it 7 o'clock or 8 o'clock?<br />
<br />
车窗口的两位穿着蓝西服和灰西服的公民同时亮出表:8点。<br />
<br />
Two citizens in blue suits and gray suits at the train window showed their watches: 8 o'clock.<br />
<br />
但是蓝西服说:“我也搞不清几点了。”<br />
<br />
But the one in blue suit said, "I don't know what time it is either."<br />
<br />
灰西服也说:“我也搞不清几点了。”<br />
<br />
The one in grey suit also said, "I also don't know what time it is."<br />
<br />
表上明明显示着8点,为什么又说搞不清?莫非我走进了一个荒诞派小说的 规定情境?<br />
<br />
The watch clearly showed 8 o'clock, but why did they say they can't figure it out? Had I entered a scene set in an absurd novel?<br />
<br />
又有一个乘客满在行地说:“现在时间不是往前挪了一小时吗。”<br />
<br />
Another passenger seemed an expert, and he said, "Isn't the time moving forward for an hour now?"<br />
<br />
挪前挪后?到底是挪前还是挪后?<br />
<br />
Moving forward and backward? Was it moving forward or backward?<br />
<br />
“今天开始实行夏时制,”终于有了一个大致正常的人,“时针不是往前拨了一小时吗,所以现在的8点就是原来的9点。”<br />
<br />
"Daylight saving time has been implemented since today," finally we got a person who can figure out the current situation. "Isn't the hour hand set forward for an hour, so now 8 o'clock is the original 9 o'clock."<br />
<br />
“不对,现在的8点是原来的7点。”<br />
<br />
"No, the current 8 o'clock is the original 7 o'clock."<br />
<br />
对了!我的表没有拨过,所以才7点。我自己清醒过来后,这オ注意到乘客们愕然不解的眼神,迷乱惶恐的眼神,忧烦木讷的眼神,而在这些眼神的后面,是一种不愿意适应、又不能不适应夏时制而无所适从、无可奈何的被动心理。<br />
<br />
That's right! My watch hadn't been reset, so it was seven o'clock. After I figured it out, I noticed the passengers' startled, confused and worried eyes. And behind these eyes, there was a kind of passive psychology that they were unwilling to adapt to, but had to adapt to daylight saving time, so they were at a loss and helpless.<br />
<br />
夏时制真是一个“不受欢迎的人”。<br />
<br />
Daylight saving time is really an "unwelcome person".<br />
<br />
又有人喊了一嗓子:“每天得提前一小时起床,乱了套了！反正,活的活,死的死吧!”<br />
<br />
Another person shouted: "I have to get up one hour in advance every day, which is a mess! Anyway, we will live or die!"<br />
<br />
有那么严重吗?实行夏时制,又不会像长工资似的,谁多长一级,谁少长一 级——谁也不会因此而亏了一小时。绝对的平均主义！明明谁也没有吃亏。明明谁也不用为此付出多大代价。明明按照日、地运动的规律办事,就可以节约能源, 所以夏时制又叫经济时制。明明在1916年,德、法、英、意等等国家就已采用夏时制了,但是1986年中国的夏时制,还是招来了那么多的惶惶然和愤愤然。<br />
<br />
Was it that serious? The implementation of daylight saving time will not be like the increase of salary, and no one will lose or get the hourly wage—no one will lose an hour. Absolute egalitarianism! Clearly, no one suffered losses. Clearly no one had to pay much for it. Clearly, according to the law of the movement of the sun and the earth, we can save energy, so daylight saving time is also called money saving time. It was clear that in 1916, Germany, France, Britain, Italy and other countries had adopted daylight saving time, but in 1986, China's daylight saving time still attracted so much panic and indignation.<br />
<br />
“我独不解中国人何以于旧状况那么心平气和,于较新的机运就这么疾首蹙额;于已成之局那么委屈求全,于初兴之事就这么求全责备?”对我重复着这句话的,自然是鲁迅了。<br />
<br />
"I don't understand why the Chinese people are so calm in the old situation, but they frown at new opportunities; they compromise on something written in the stars but blame for new things?" It was Lu Xun who repeated this sentence to me.<br />
<br />
车厢里响起了很新潮的歌:<br />
<br />
A very trendy song played in the carriage:<br />
<br />
阿里,阿里巴巴,<br />
<br />
Ali, Ali Baba,<br />
<br />
阿里巴巴是个快乐的青年。<br />
<br />
Ali Baba is a happy young man.<br />
<br />
不管阿里是不是快乐的青年,反正听这种歌就是感受一种情绪。感受到这种情绪的,便都成了快乐的青年。<br />
<br />
Whether Ali was a happy young man or not, listening to this song was to feel an emotion. Those who can feel this emotion became happy young people.<br />
<br />
实行夏时制的中国,也正像一个快乐的青年,一个处在思想活跃期的青年。<br />
<br />
China, which had implemented daylight saving time, was just like a happy youth, a youth in an active period of thinking.<br />
<br />
车厢里的灯突然全黑了。怎么这么早就黑灯了?我跑到车厢过道的灯下看 表,可不,才9点嘛,应该10点熄灯的嘛。哦,对了,我到现在还没有拨过手表,我 以为反正知道夏时制就行了,连表都懒得拨一下。结果是一下熄了灯,连上床的思想准备都没有。我摘下手表,乖乖地往前拨快一小时。看来变革往往带有强制性,不可能都有了思想准备才变革的。<br />
<br />
All the lights in the carriage suddenly went dark. Why was it dark so early? I ran to the car aisle under the lights to look at my watch, ehh, it was only 9 o'clock. It should have turned off the lights at 10 o'clock. Oh, I haven't set my watch yet. I thought I only need to know daylight saving time, so I didn't even bother to set my watch. As a result, the lights went out at once, and there was no mental preparation for going to bed. I took off my watch and moved forward one hour obediently. It seemed that reform was often mandatory, and it was impossible to reform after we prepare for it.<br />
<br />
不过,等我结束了在西安的采访回到北京以后,并没有发现任何因为时间的拨动而引起的汽车误点、火车脱轨、飞机相撞或者神经错乱。人们按部就班,安定团结,再也没有人谈起夏时制。好像夏时制不是从1986年5月4日开始的,而是在公元前就开始了。<br />
<br />
However, when I returned to Beijing after my interview in Xi'an, I didn't find any car delays, train derailments, plane collisions or insanity caused by the ticking of time. People followed the prescribed order, calm and united, and no one talked about daylight saving time anymore. It seemed that daylight saving time was not from May 4, 1986, but began B.C.<br />
<br />
只要能下决心变革,中国人的适应能力也是非同一般的。<br />
<br />
As long as we can make up our minds to change, Chinese people's adaptability is extraordinary.<br />
<br />
我在变革的时间和时间的变革里,到达了西安站。<br />
<br />
I arrived at Xi'an Station in the time of change and the change of time.<br />
<br />
到底怎么写改革<br />
<br />
How to Write Reform in the End<br />
<br />
一个逃犯。<br />
<br />
A fugitive.<br />
<br />
我走出西安站,看到一个高人一等的黑大汉,高举着一块“接陈”的牌子。这是我们的“联络暗号”。因为我不认识他,但又希望一到西安就能见到他。应该说一切都很顺利。凯撒大帝有句名言:我来了,我看见了,我战胜了。现在我来了,我看见了,但是我失望了。<br />
<br />
When I walked out of Xi'an Station, I saw a very tall man with dark skin holding up a sign of "picking up Chen". This was our "contact code". Because I didn't know him, but I hoped to see him as soon as I arrived in Xi'an. It should be said that everything was going well. Julius Caesar has a famous saying: I came; I saw; I conquered. Now I came; I saw, but I was disappointed.<br />
<br />
我觉得我看见了一个逃犯。<br />
<br />
I thought I saw a fugitive.<br />
<br />
我的第一感觉是害怕。那张长脸好像从来也没洗干净过。他50岁。可我觉得他大概从来也没有年轻过,他大概一生下来就这么老了。那莫测高深的三角眼,那阴沉的高鼻。鼻翼两旁像刀刻石凿似的有两道深沟直通向嘴的两旁。而嘴,直接地就像平放着的两把刀。<br />
<br />
My first feeling was fear. It seemed that that long face had never been washed clean. He was 50 years old. But I thought he was probably never young. He was probably born so old. That unfathomable triangular eyes, that gloomy high nose. There were two deep ditches on both sides of the nose like a knife carving stone chisel, which led straight to both sides of the mouth. And the mouth was like two knives lying flat.<br />
<br />
他的布鞋上打着皮革的补丁。我有几年没见到这样打着大补丁的鞋了。我也愈来愈少地见到他这样黄的眼白,或者压根儿就应该叫作眼黄。这补丁,这眼黄,立刻使我想起贫困、拮据、坚韧、过去。不过他穿着过去不穿的西装。但这西装质地之差,之软绵绵,之皱巴巴,都使人败胃。倒好像是仓促之间从哪儿借来套在身上乔装打扮的。干脆那种油污的旧工作服倒能给人带来一种粗犷的美。<br />
<br />
His cloth shoes were patched with leather. I haven't seen shoes with big patches like this in years. I also saw less and less this yellow sclera, or it should be called yellow of the eye. This patch and this yellow eye immediately reminded me of poverty, tenacity and the past. But he was wearing a suit that he didn't use to wear. However, the poor texture, softness and wrinkles of this suit made people sick. It seemed that he borrowed it from somewhere in a hurry and put it on in disguise. Simply that kind of oily old overalls can make people think him rugged.<br />
<br />
他的头发所剩无几地徒劳地盖在秃秃的头顶上。后来听他说这是染黑的,要不都白了。我想又何必染呢?这么几根头发也值得染吗?<br />
<br />
His hair was left a little to cover his bald head, but it was in vain. Later, I heard him say it was dyed black, or it was all white. I thought why dyed it? Were these hairs worth dyeing?<br />
<br />
但他说这事儿的时候是自信的,很值得的样子,就如他自信他干的一切都是值得的。<br />
<br />
But when he said it, he was confident and showed that it was worthy, just as he was confident that everything he did was worth it.<br />
<br />
我3月份收到这个陌生人的第一封信的时候,就决定写完手头一篇报告文学后就去找他。我相信不会虚此西行。他给我的信,一开头就使我预感到我将要经受一种新的思想的撞击:“不管在文学作品中和宣传报道中树立多少光辉的改革者形象,都不会使无所作为和反对改革的领导变为果敢锐敏的改革者。改革者的形象只会鼓舞那些希望并赞成改革的人。然而具有彻底改革思想的人并不一定就会是改革家,原因在于他们无权左右局势。因此不在于号召占据领导地位的人成为改革者,而在于使改革者走上领导岗位。……”<br />
<br />
When I received this stranger's first letter in March, I decided to go to him after writing the non-fiction novel at hand. I believed the westward journey wouldn’t be made in vain. At the beginning of his letter to me, I had a premonition that I would be hit by a new idea: "No matter how many images of brilliant reformers are set up in literary works and propaganda reports, leaders who do nothing and oppose reform will not become bold reformers with a sharp mind. The image of reformers will only inspire those who hope for and agree with reform. However, people with radical reform ideas are not necessarily reformers, because they have no right to control the situation. Therefore, it is not to call on those who occupy leading positions to become reformers, but to make reformers take leadership positions…"<br />
<br />
但我对这个人毕竟一无所知。他真值得我采访吗?他和常规的好人形象相距太远。我身上揣着《人民文学》的差旅费。我要是虚了此行,《人民文学》固然不会追究经济责任,可是我也得讲究时间效益呵。<br />
<br />
But after all, I didn't know anything about this person. Was he worth my interview? He was too far from the conventional image of a good man. I carried the travel expenses of the People's Literature with me. If this trip was in vain, the People's Literature will not pursue economic responsibility, but I had to pay attention to time efficiency.<br />
<br />
他接过我的旅行包:“这个包,我不用叮嘱你不要毁坏,不要丢失,你自然会爱护的,因为你拥有这个包的所有权、使用权和支配权,你是这个包的主人。根本用不着对你进行主人翁思想的教育。我们三十多年来一直对国营企业职工进行主人翁思想教育这件事,恰恰证明了国营企业的职工还不是企业的主人。”<br />
<br />
He took my travel bag and said, "I don't have to tell you not to destroy or lose this bag. You will naturally take care of it, because you have the ownership, use and control of this bag, and you are the owner of this bag. There is no need to educate you on the idea of being a master at all. We have been educating the state-owned enterprises about the sense of ownership for more than 30 years, which just proves that employees in state-owned enterprises are not the masters of the enterprises."<br />
<br />
我立时精神起来了,我想起他那封长信的内容——改革的关键,关键的改革, 是所有制问题。<br />
<br />
I immediately refreshed, and remembered the content of his long letter—the key to reform and the key reform are the ownership problem.<br />
<br />
他这个人,执拗地叫你想起过去,过去。他又顽强地站立在现在,现在。<br />
<br />
He is a man who stubbornly reminds you of the past. But he stands stubbornly in the present.<br />
<br />
精神取代物质和意识决定存在<br />
<br />
Spirit Replaces Materials and Consciousness Determines Existence<br />
<br />
天安门前站着一个高大黝黑的光头青年。上穿蓝粗布衣,下穿用家染的黑粗 布做的抽带肥腿裤。那裤带偏是白的,又偏偏捣乱似的从腰部溜了下来,大模大样地突出在黑裤子中间。但这个光头青年的神情是那么自信、自豪。本来嘛,那年—-1954年的《群众日报》登了陕西省考上高校的全部考生的名单。第一名,韩城县中学的党治国,考上了清华大学。党治国到清华报到后的第一件事,就是到天安门前照这张像。<br />
<br />
In front of Tiananmen Square stood a tall, bald young man with dark skin. He wore blue coarse cloth on the top and wide leg pants with strings made of black coarse cloth dyed at home on the bottom. The strings were white, but they just slipped down from the waist causing trouble, and protruded in the middle of the black trousers obviously. But the bald young man looked so confident and proud. It turned out that Qunzhong Daily published the list of all the candidates admitted to colleges and universities in Shaanxi Province in 1954. The first place, Dang Zhiguo in Hancheng Middle School, was admitted to Tsinghua University. The first thing Dang did after registering was to take this picture in front of Tiananmen Square.<br />
<br />
只是那两条白裤带,使照片上的党治国在威风中透着滑稽。这也没什么。清华大学一年级新生党治国就不信还会有什么事情难得住他。白裤带吗,用墨水一抹不就黑了?行了。很好。不能更好了。至于留头发是不是比光头更好看,制服裤是不是比家织抽带裤更好看,他没想过。他从来不注意服饰。32年后,他知道我要专程到西安去找他时,他才为没有一件过得去的外衣而有些不安。于是就匆匆添置了那身使我一看就败胃的西装。<br />
<br />
Only those two white strings made him look funny in front of imposing Tiananmen Square. It was nothing. Dang Zhiguo, the Tsinghua University freshman didn't believe that there would be anything hard to live with. As for white strings, he just blacked them with ink. That was enough. That was good. It couldn't be better. As for whether head with hair was better than bald head, and whether uniform pants were better than home-woven pants with strings, he never thought about it. He never paid attention to clothes. Thirty-two years later, when he knew that I was going to Xi'an to find him, he was a little upset that he didn't have a decent coat. So he hurriedly bought the suit that made me sick.<br />
<br />
一个从青少年时代就以为精神万能的人,最后连购置一套像点样的西装的物质基础都没有。<br />
<br />
A person who thought that the spirit was omnipotent from his youth didn't even have the material basis to buy a decent suit.<br />
<br />
党治国16岁的时候,有一天和同学们在韩城中学连夜排节目。三九天的夜 晚,不生火就过不去。但教室外是半尺厚的雪,想搞点煤吧,又觉得冷得出不去——来回得走2里雪地呢!怎么去扛煤呵!多厚的棉鞋陷进雪地里也是冻脚。同学们倒抽着冷气往后缩了。<br />
<br />
When Dang Zhiguo was 16 years old, he and his classmates arranged programs overnight in Hancheng Middle School one day. On the coldest nights, you can't get through without a fire. But there was half a chi of snow outside the classroom. Even if you wanted to get some coal, you would feel cold and had to walk, because you had to walk 2 li back and forth! How to carry coal! No matter how thick the cotton shoes were, your feet would be frozen when you got stuck in the snow. The students gasped and drew back.<br />
<br />
党治国叭叭地扔下他的棉鞋,又扒掉他的两只袜子。<br />
<br />
Dangzhuo threw down his cotton shoes and stripped off his two socks.<br />
<br />
“哎,你脱鞋袜干什么?”<br />
<br />
"Hey, why do you take off your shoes and socks?"<br />
<br />
“为了证明在雪地里走路不冷。”<br />
<br />
"To prove that walking in the snow is not cold."<br />
<br />
“你快穿上吧！我们跟你去扛煤就行了。”<br />
<br />
"You should put them on quickly! Let's go with you to carry coal."<br />
<br />
“我说出话就要算数。”<br />
<br />
"I am a man of my word."<br />
<br />
党治国光着两脚走向无情的雪地。不过他连雪地的无情也感觉不出,因为他的双脚很快就冻木了。当然,这毕竟只是2里地,所以他的双脚还能存活。如果是20里地,200里地,16岁的他怕也是会光脚走去的。那么,他的一双脚当然要为他的无视客观物质存在而付出代价了。<br />
<br />
He walked to the ruthless snow barefoot. But he couldn't even feel the ruthlessness of the snow, because his feet soon froze. Of course, this was only 2 li after all, so his feet can still survive. If it were 20 li or 200 li, the 16-year-old boy might still walk barefoot. Then, of course, his feet would pay the price for his disregard of objective material existence.<br />
<br />
20世纪50年代初的中国,商品经济不发达,物质不充足,但人们的精神状态是安适的。中国人,自我需求总有所节制。不过用精神补充物质的不足,把思想作为物质的代替品,只能在一定的时期,一定的限度内。长此以往,乐此不疲,便可能从以精神取代物质发展到以为思想意识可以决定物质存在。一些“彻底的唯物主义者”抛却了唯物主义的基本观点:存在决定意识。30年后,党治国在他的一篇文章中写道:"……用社会意识来解释各种社会现象。好的社会现象是好的社会意识的产物,坏的社会现象是坏的社会意识的产物,于是全部问题被归结为对一种思想的宣传和对另一种思想的批判。”<br />
<br />
In China in the early 1950s, the commodity economy was underdeveloped and the material was insufficient, but people's mental state was comfortable. Chinese people always control their self-needs. However, it can only be within a certain period and a certain limit to supplement the material deficiency with spirit and take thought as a substitute for material. In the long run, if you enjoy it, you may develop from replacing material with spirit to thinking that ideology can determine material existence. Some "thorough materialists" have abandoned the basic viewpoint of materialism: existence determines consciousness. Thirty years later, Dang Zhiguo wrote in his article: "…explaining various social phenomena with social consciousness. Good social phenomena are the product of good social consciousness, while bad social phenomena are the product of bad social consciousness, so all the problems are attributed to the promotion of one kind of thought and the criticism of another."<br />
<br />
1957年,这种批判像火灾似的在清华大学里蔓延开来,烧向钱伟长,烧向黄万里……党治国走上台辩论:他们不是“右派”!党治国走进校党委办公室：他们不是“右派”！<br />
<br />
In 1957, this kind of criticism spread like a fire in Tsinghua University, burning to Qian Weichang and Huang Wanli... Dang came to the stage to debate: they are not rightists! He entered the office of the school party Committee: they are not rightists!<br />
<br />
“正是为了真正拥护党的方针政策,”他在会上说,“可以允许人们先怀疑一下。怀疑以后再把自己驳倒,这才是真正的信任,真正的拥护。”<br />
<br />
"It is precisely in order to truly uphold the Party's principles and policies," he said at the meeting, "that people can be allowed to doubt first. Doubt and then refute yourself later, which is true trust and true support."<br />
<br />
党治国讲话没有一点顾虑。他这个来自黄河边的人,像黄河一样古朴。他对党的感情、对党的忠诚,连一点杂质也没有,自然用不着担心自己说“错”话而成为“右派”。<br />
<br />
Dang had no worries. He was a man from the Yellow River, as simple as the Yellow River. His feelings and loyalty to the party didn't even have any impurities, so he naturally didn't have to worry about saying something wrong to be a rightist.<br />
<br />
但是,根据意识决定存在的“原理”,有“右派言论”的人,就是“右派”分子。<br />
<br />
However, according to the principle that consciousness determines existence, those who have rightist remarks are rightists.<br />
<br />
无限制地强调意识的作用,结果必定是走向反面——取消思想自由。党治国步他的老师们的后尘,也成了“右派”,而且是“极右”。他的一个同窗好友是个结巴,原先一见他老远就叫“党、党、党、党——治国!”憋上半天才憋出“治国”两个字,实在累人。结巴老弟就把他的名字简化成一个字:“党!”现在自然不敢再叫他“党”了。当着人连话也不敢说。只在没人注意时不用称呼地对他说上一句:“浪子回头金不换。”两个月后,没想到结巴老弟也成了“浪子右派”。浪子二号见了浪子一号,只能摇着头说一句:“往事不堪回首。”<br />
<br />
Unlimited emphasis on the role of consciousness must lead to the opposite—abolition of freedom of thought. Dang Zhiguo followed in the footsteps of his teachers and became a "rightist" and an "ultra-rightist". One of his classmates was a stutter. When he saw him far away, he would shout "Dang, Dang, Dang, Dang—Zhiguo!" It was tiring to suppress the word "Zhiguo" for half a day. The stammer reduced his name to one word: "Dang!" Now naturally, he dared not call him "Dang" any more (In Chinese, Dang党 means the Party). He dared not speak in front of Dang Zhiguo. Only when no one noticed, he said to Dang Zhiguo without saying his name: "A prodigal who returns is more precious than gold." Two months later, no one expected that this stammer should become a "prodigal rightist". When the prodigal no.2 saw the prodigal no.1, he could only shake his head and say, "My past is unbearable to recall."<br />
<br />
党治国成了“极右”后,三天没吃饭。他怎么会是“右派”呢?不过,党是不会错的。绝对。那么只有从自己身上找原因了。实在无法想通,只好先接受这个结论——是自己错了,再慢慢去想。<br />
<br />
After Dang became the "ultra-rightist", he didn't eat for three days. How can he be a "rightist"? However, the party can't be wrong. Absolutely. Then he had to find the reason from himself. He really can't figure it out, so he had to accept this conclusion first that he was wrong and then think about it slowly.<br />
<br />
1957年的“右派”里边,有多少人恰恰是先进生产力的代表。1956年党中央提出了“百花齐放、百家争鸣”的方针,到1957年先进生产力就急切爆发出来了。但是,对不起,请君入瓮吧。你们不应该有思想的自由,因为用不着你们思想。<br />
<br />
Many of the "rightists" in 1957 were representatives of advanced productive forces? In 1956, the CPC Central Committee put forward the policy of "letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend", so in 1957, advanced productive forces popped up eagerly. But, I'm sorry, treating someone in your own ways. You should not have the freedom to think, because you don't need your thoughts.<br />
<br />
有计划的盲目生产<br />
<br />
Planned Blind Production<br />
<br />
西安郊区有个新丰砖瓦厂。该厂取土制砖时发现了舍利精室。舍利,是指佛的骨灰。迎舍利,供舍利,是佛家,也是朝廷的大事。释迦牟尼火葬后,八国争夺舍利,百姓求分舍利,分不到的,用金、银、水晶、玛瑙等制作舍利。砖瓦厂发现的舍利精室,就是用水晶做的舍利代用品,水晶舍利装在玻璃瓶里,玻璃瓶装在饰有鎏金狮子、珍珠团花的金棺里。金棺置于饰满翡翠、玛瑙、珍珠、猫儿眼等等的银椁里。释迦如来涅槃后,他的骨灰的代用品都能住进造价这么高的圣地,足见百姓对佛的虔诚。<br />
<br />
There is a Xinfeng brick and tile factory in the suburb of Xi'an. The Buddhist relics room was discovered when the factory took soil to make bricks. Buddhist relics refer to the ashes of Buddha. It is a great event for Buddhism and the imperial court to welcome and offer Buddhist relics. After the Buddha's cremation, eight countries competed for the relics, and the people asked for sharing the relics. If they couldn't get them, they made Buddhist relics with gold, silver, crystal and agate. The Buddhist relics room discovered by the brick and tile factory is a relic substitute made of crystal. The crystal relic was packed in a glass bottle, which was put in a gold coffin decorated with gold lions and pearl flowers. The gold coffin was placed in a silver coffin decorated with jadeite, agate, pearl, chrysoberyl and so on. After the Buddha's nirvana, the substitutes of his ashes can live in the holy land with such high cost, which shows the people's piety towards Buddha.<br />
<br />
把自己的命运系在对佛的信仰上,这大约也是中国人的一种祖传吧。“右派分子”党治国看到报上关于亩产水稻6万斤,亩产红薯120万斤的报道后,不禁对党心悦诚服——国家现在能取得这么大的成绩,自然和清除“右派”有关系。自己成了“右派”,也值得了。<br />
<br />
It is probably the ancestral tradition of Chinese people to tie their own destiny to their belief in Buddha. After reading the newspaper saying 60,000 jin of rice per mu and 1.2 million jin of sweet potatoes per mu, the "rightists" can't help but be convinced that the reason why the country can achieve such great achievements now was because of the elimination of the "rightists". It was worthwhile to become a "rightist".<br />
<br />
就是买东西很不方便。以前可以招呼售货员:同志,请你给我称点什么。现在怎么可以叫人家同志呢?你已经不是人家的同志了。可是,上去就没头没脑地说, 你给我称点什么,又觉得不礼貌。<br />
<br />
It was just that shopping was very inconvenient. He used to greet the salesman: Comrade, please weigh something for me. How can he call someone a comrade now? He was no longer a comrade. However, when he said, "You, weigh something for me" without previous thinking, it was impolite.<br />
<br />
其实售货员谁知道你是“右派”？你自己干吗老给自己念紧箍咒？问题是党治国的确相信了自己是“右派”。因为他至诚地相信党,相信党的每一项运动,不再相信自己。<br />
<br />
In fact, how can a salesman know that you are a "rightist"? Why do you always read yourself the Band-tightening Spell? The problem was that Dang Zhiguo really believed that he was a "rightist". Because he sincerely believed in the party, believes in every movement of the party, and no longer believed in himself.<br />
<br />
既然相信自己是“右派”,就应该保持当“右派”的自觉性,丝毫马虎不得。<br />
<br />
Since he believed that he was a "rightist", he thought that we should keep our consciousness of being "rightists", and we should not be careless at all.<br />
<br />
清华大学的“右派”师生们被送到北京木城涧煤矿改造。打风钻。放炮。挖煤。背煤。1960年底,被开除了学籍的党治国回到家乡韩城县。这就是他的家乡吗?棉花掉了一地没人拣;红薯地里,农民们只拣面上的,不管地下的;干活不记工分;吃饭不要钱。每家的小锅都砸了大炼钢铁了。1959年的誓师会上已经喊出了小麦亩产100万斤。1960年的韩城人每天的粮食却不够半斤。西安火车站挤满了从各地逃荒来的人。<br />
<br />
The "rightist" teachers and students in Tsinghua University were sent to Muchengjian Coal Mine in Beijing for reeducation, using the pneumatic drill and gunpowder, digging for coal and pulling coal. At the end of 1960, Dang, who was expelled from school, returned to his hometown, Hancheng County. Was this his hometown? Cotton fell all over the ground and no one picked it; In the sweet potato field, farmers only picked the one on the surface, regardless of those underground; Work points were useless; There was no need to pay money for dinner. Every small pot has been smashed to manufacture steel. At the pep rally in 1959, it was shouted that the yield per mu of wheat was 1 million jin. In 1960, however, Hancheng people didn't have half a jin of food every day. Xi'an railway station was crowded with people fleeing from all over the country.<br />
<br />
这就是亩产多少万斤的结果?<br />
<br />
This was the result of thousands of jin per mu?<br />
<br />
人有多大胆,地有多大产。思想有多好,产量有多高。这些荒谬的事,为什么 没有人出来提意见? “反右”的损失首先不是把几十万人打成“右派”,而是否定了一个民主原则——让人讲话的原则。<br />
<br />
The bolder people are, the more productive the fields will be. The better the ideological awareness is, the higher the production will be. Why didn't anyone come out to give advice on these absurd things? First of all, the loss of "anti-rightist" is not to label hundreds of thousands of people as "rightists", but to deny a democratic principle—the principle of making people speak.<br />
<br />
唐代长安诗人写过一首有名的《宫词》:<br />
<br />
A poet living in Chang'an in Tang Dynasty wrote a famous Gong Ci (a kind of poetry depicting daily trivia of emperors in the imperial court):<br />
<br />
“寂寂花时闭院门,美人相并立琼轩。含情欲说宫中事,鹦鹉前头不敢言。”<br />
<br />
"Many doors of the palace are closed, and people feel lonely even when flowers bloom. Before the gorgeous window, beauties stand side by side. They want to tell the story of the palace with tender affection, but don’t dare to speak easily as a parrot is in front."<br />
<br />
面对“鹦鹉前头不敢言”的局面,党治国认真地开始了他的怀疑。一天吃不到多少东西,所以也干不了多少活。他开始大量读书,尤其是读马列著作。三十多年后他在一篇文章里写道:“当不承认重力规律的人从高山上往下跳的时候,重力规律不因为得不到这个人的承认而退避三舍。同样,当个人意志、国家意志以至全社会意志不承认某一经济规律的时候,这一经济规律不仅仍然要发生作用,而且发生作用的方式是相当无情和揶揄的。”“有计划的盲目生产比之生产的无政府状态对生产的破坏更大。”<br />
<br />
Faced with the situation that "don’t dare to speak easily as a parrot is in front", Dang Zhiguo seriously doubted something. As he can't eat much in one day, he can't do much work. He began to read a lot of books, especially Marxist-Leninist works. More than 30 years later, he wrote in an article: "When a person who does not recognize the law of gravity jumps down from a high mountain, the law of gravity will not be invalid even if it is not recognized by this person. Similarly, when the will of the individual, the state and even the whole society do not recognize a certain economic law, this economic law not only still has to work, but also the way it works is quite ruthless and embarrassing." "The planned blind production is more destructive to production than it in a state of anarchy."<br />
<br />
计划经济要是违反了经济规律,就不是个别的、偶然的违反,而是整体的“有计划”地违反,后果自然严重。<br />
<br />
If the planned economy violates economic laws, it is not an violation individually or accidentally, but an overall "planned" violation, so the consequences are naturally serious.<br />
<br />
党治国在发生一种变化:由当“右派”的自觉性向做人的自觉性变化。他那长自黄河边的古朴而青春的体内,自信心正在恢复。他写了一副对联:<br />
<br />
A change was taking place in Dang Zhiguo: from the consciousness of being a "rightist" to the consciousness of being a man. His self-confidence was recovering in the simple and youthful body that grew from the Yellow River. He wrote a couplet:<br />
<br />
常保数百卷书千载不做小人 时缺几十斤粮一身仍是大汉<br />
<br />
If you can keep hundreds of books regularly, you will not be reduced to a lowly profession for thousands of years; Even though you lack dozens of jin of food sometimes, you is still a man<br />
<br />
“文化革命”的经济根源<br />
<br />
The Economic Root of the Cultural Revolution<br />
<br />
胸挺腰直,血液畅通,大脑能得到丰富的血液供应,人的思维能力便能达到最佳点。党治国为了获得思维的最佳点,每天劳动回来,必定端坐在床前读《资本论》。或者说,是因为需要啃下《资本论》,他才找到这个最佳点。<br />
<br />
When the chest is straight, the blood is unblocked, the brain can get rich blood supply, so people's thinking ability can reach the best point. In order to get the best point of thinking, Dang must sit upright in front of the bed and read Capital: A Critique of Political Economy after he came back from work every day. In other words, because he needed to understand this book, he found this best point.<br />
<br />
这是1970年2月,“右派”党治国在理所当然地历经批斗、游街等等“文革”系列把戏之后,被判了20年徒刑。<br />
<br />
In February 1970, the "rightist" Dang Zhiguo was sentenced to 20 years in prison after the series of tricks of the Cultural Revolution, such as struggle session and street parading.<br />
<br />
“我说老党,”同室关押的犯人问他,“你判刑最长,怎么不见你发愁呢?”<br />
<br />
"Hey, old Dang," asked the inmate in his room, "you have been sentenced the longest. Why don't you worry?"<br />
<br />
“愁什么?”<br />
<br />
"Worry about what?"<br />
<br />
“等你20年刑满释放出来,你都50多岁了!”<br />
<br />
"When you are released from prison for 20 years, you are in your 50s!"<br />
<br />
“不会的。”<br />
<br />
"It won't happen."<br />
<br />
“怎么不会?你现在35岁,再过20年,不是55岁?”<br />
<br />
"Why not? You're 35 now, 20 years from now, not 55?"<br />
<br />
“不会关这么长。20年是他们的意志。但社会的发展不是以他们的意志为转移的。我相信规律。我相信我最多坐10年牢。”<br />
<br />
"I won't be locked up for so long. Twenty years is their will. But the development of society is not transferred by their will. I believe in laws. I believe I need to be in prison for 10 years at most."<br />
<br />
“嘿!那你整天看《资本论》,演算数学题干什么？瞧瞧,什么价值、增长额、工资、劳动目的!”<br />
<br />
"Hey! Then why do you read the Capital: A Critique of Political Economy and calculate math problems all day? Look, value, growth, salary and labor purpose!"<br />
<br />
“我要研究资本家有多少钱,”党治国狡黠地一笑,“将来我好管理这些钱。”<br />
<br />
"I want to study how much money capitalists have," Dang said with a sly smile. "I can manage this money in the future."<br />
<br />
自然这是一句戏言。不过他在潜意识里认定自己只要不死,就要研究经济问题,研究尚被忽略、但非解决不可的经济问题。因为问题已经愈来愈清晰地显示出来了:一切社会变革的后面,都有经济规律的作用。他党治国落到20年在押犯的地步,中国落到全国上下“脱产闹革命”的地步,绝不仅仅是错误思想的产物,而是有深刻的经济根源的。<br />
<br />
Naturally, this is a joke. However, he subconsciously thought that as long as he did not die, he would study economic problems, which were still neglected but must be solved. Because the problem has become more and more clear: behind all social changes, there are economic laws. It was not only the product of wrong ideas, but also had profound economic roots that he became a prisoner for 20 years and people all over the country left their company to work for a revolution.<br />
<br />
（当然,那时的党治国还不知道中国有个“四人帮”——本人侧重谈经济。）<br />
<br />
(Of course, at that time, Dang did not know that there was a Gang of Four in China. I focused on the economy.)<br />
<br />
经过三年困难时期,我们汲取了一些教训,采取了一些措施。经济得到发展后,必然要求上层建筑有相应的变革。发展了的生产カ必然要求生产关系有相应的变革。这就激化了变革的力量和反变革的力量的斗争。于是批“三自一包”,批“修正主义”。于是高呼“无产阶级专政万岁”。<br />
<br />
After three difficult years, we have learned some lessons and taken some measures. After the development of economy, it is inevitable to require corresponding changes in superstructure. Developed production inevitably requires corresponding changes in production relations. This intensifies the struggle between the forces of change and the forces against change. Therefore, we criticized the agricultural economic policy including managing our own land, free market and taking responsibility for our own profits and losses and household responsibility system. We also criticized revisionism. So we shouted "Long live the dictatorship of the proletariat".<br />
<br />
热昏的头脑是无从知道自己的疯狂行为后边的真实原因的。党治国知道。不是因为他的头脑比人家清醒,而是因为他的经历和感受为他提供了他需要弄清的思想。1957年他在“清华”眼睁睁地看到那些代表先进生产力的专家、教授被专了政。他自己本是满怀着到祖国最艰苦的地方去的理想而报考了清华水利系。他受了《远离莫斯科的地方》这本小说的影响。他要远离大城市。艰苦的环境本身就是一种吸引力。与困难做斗争本身就是ー种吸引力。去做别人做不到的事就是一种吸引力。为伟大理想献身就是一种吸引力。一个全省第一的学生满怀献身的热情出现在清华水利系,这在50年代自然也是先进生产力的ー个分子,因此也难逃被专政的命运。<br />
<br />
It is impossible for those who can’t keep their wits about them to know the real reason behind their crazy behavior. Dang Zhiguo knew it. Not because his mind was clearer than others, but because his experiences and feelings provided him with ideas he needed to make clear. In 1957, he saw that those experts and professors who represented advanced production were deprived of the right to speak in Tsinghua University. He himself applied for the Water Conservancy Department of Tsinghua University with the ideal of going to the hardest place in the motherland. He was influenced by the novel Far from Moscow. He wanted to stay away from big cities. The challenging environment itself was an attraction. Struggling with difficulties itself was an attraction. Doing what others can't do was a kind of attraction. Dedication to great ideals was a kind of attraction. A student who was the first in the whole province was enrolled in the Department of Water Conservancy of Tsinghua University with dedication, which naturally made him a member of advanced production in 1950s, so he could not escape the fate of being deprived of the right to speak.<br />
<br />
后来党治国长年在陕西铜川当井下掘进工。下煤井的活,以前被称为“三块石头夹一块肉”——危险。当时在井下炸煤层,都是正向爆破。就是在煤层打好洞, 放进五六个炸药包后,先引爆最里边的那个炸药包,然后一个个往外引爆。爆炸时高压气体膨胀,往外冲出,分散了爆炸的力度。为什么不能倒过来,先引爆最外边的那个炸药包、搞反向爆破呢?那样不就可以爆力集中了吗?党治国违反了操作规程,搞起了反向爆破。开始是悄悄地。在80年代,人们会认为反向爆破的道理是再简单明了不过的。但是在60年代,谁第一个提出把正向爆破改成反向爆破, 是很难得到认可的。<br />
<br />
Later, Dang worked as an underground tunnel worker in Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province for many years. The work of going down a coal mine used to be called "three stones with one piece of meat, which meant the job was dangerous. At that time, coal seams were blown underground, all of which were the blasting process of forward initiation. That was, after drilling holes in the coal seam and putting five or six explosive packs, first detonate the innermost explosive pack, and then detonate them one by one. When they explode, the high-pressure gas expanded and rushed out, decreasing the power level of an explosion. Why can't we turn it upside down, detonate the outermost explosive pack first, and have the blasting process of reverse initiation? If we did like this, we could have concentrated bombing. Dang violated the operating rules and started reverse blasting. He started it quietly. In the 1980s, people would think that the principle of reverse blasting was simple and clear. However, in the 1960s, it was difficult for the person who first proposed to change forward blasting into reverse blasting to get recognition.<br />
<br />
在无人知晓的情况下试验成功了,也就得到认可了。<br />
<br />
The experiment was successful when no one knew it, and then it was recognized.<br />
<br />
1965年,随着国家经济形势的好转,党治国成了当地煤炭先进技术传播团的一个分子。党治国运用这个爆力集中的原理,集中他的精力,一个时期搞一项技术革新。但是,生产力要求发展的结果,是又一次遭到“革命”。“突出政治”，“再论 突出政治”。人人政治化,社会泛政治化。生产力就一而再,再而三地受到压制。<br />
<br />
In 1965, with the improvement of the national economic situation, Dang became a member of the local advanced coal technology communication group. He used this principle of concentration of explosive power, concentrated his attention, and engaged in technological innovations in a period of time. However, the development required by production forces was once again "revolutionized". "Paying Attention to Mao Zedong Thought" and "Re-discussing the Importance of Mao Zedong Thought". Everyone talked about politicization and the society was about parapolitics. Productive forces were limited again and again.<br />
<br />
于是党治国组织了一个共产主义小组,辅导大家学习《共产党宣言》《马克思主义的三个来源和三个组成部分》等等。30年后他自嘲地对我说,那时候他其实是个空想共产主义者。不过那时候他可是实实在在地进行他的“共产主义”事业的。他连篇累牍地写文章,不仅批“右”,而且批“左”。他只能打着批“右”的旗号来批“左”。这种逆向思维比反向爆破还危险。所以对有家室的好友,他一个都不让他们参加这个共产主义小组。他只要单身男子。果然不久他就被抓起来了。妻子被逼离婚。于是他也成了单身男子。不过他得侍奉一双父母和抚养一个孩子。<br />
<br />
Therefore, Dang organized a communist group to help everyone study the ''Communist Manifesto'', ''The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism'' and so on. Thirty years later, he told me wryly that he was actually a utopian communist at that time. But he actually carried out his "communist" cause. He wrote articles endlessly, criticizing not only "right wing" but also "left wing". He can only criticize "left wing" under the banner of criticizing "right wing". This reverse thinking was more dangerous than reverse blasting. Therefore, he refused to let all his friends with families join this communist group. He only wanted single men. Sure enough, he was soon arrested. His wife was forced to divorce. So he became a single man. However, he had to serve his parents and raised his child.<br />
<br />
判了20年徒刑的单身男子挺胸直腰地坐在监狱的床前,运用爆力集中的原理攻读《资本论》。《资本论》的扉页上,赫然写着:马列主义者党治国。<br />
<br />
Sentenced to 20 years in prison, this single man sat in front of the prison bed upright, using the principle of explosive concentration to study Das Kapital. On the title page of it, it was impressively written: Marxist-Leninist Dang Zhiguo.<br />
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“你还看马列,人家就是用马列把你关进来的!”<br />
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"You still read Marxism-Leninism? People use it to lock you in!"<br />
<br />
“不。那是违背了马列才把我关进来的。”<br />
<br />
"No. They were against Marxism-Leninism, so I was locked in."<br />
<br />
后来党治国在他的文章里写道:“无产阶级革命的目的绝不是要用自己的面貌改造世界,使全社会成员都变成无产者,而是要改变自己的面貌,使自己和社会全体成员都变成有财产的人,最后使一切生产资料为社会全体成员所共有。”<br />
<br />
Later, Dang wrote in his article: "The purpose of the proletarian revolution is by no means to transform the world and make all members of society proletarian, but to change its own face and make itself and all members of society become people with property, and finally make all means of production shared by all members of society."<br />
<br />
“左”倾路线被认为才是对整体利益的维护。而当大多数人的利益都受到不同程度的损害时,所谓“整体利益,就变成了一小撮人的特权。社会主义并不是部分人的专利,而是全人类解放的科学。一个国家的社会主义性质只能用每个社会成员的解放程度、自由发展的程度和富裕增长的程度来衡量,而不能用这个社会对自己的评价来判断”。 " ‘左’倾路线的二十余年,就是不断发起政治运动抑制矛盾、打击改革要求的过程。”是的,极“左”路线下固有的、一成不变的所有制,不可能随时调节生产力和生产关系的矛盾。大跃进。大锅饭。割资本主义尾巴。宁要 社会主义的草。商品经济是资本主义经济的代名词,计划经济是社会主义经济的代名词。践踏经济规律的结果,是经济规律迫使我们付出巨大的代价,然后还得按经济规律办事。<br />
<br />
The "left" line was regarded as the maintenance of the overall interests. When the interests of most people were violated to varying degrees, the so-called "overall interests become the privilege of a small group of people. Socialism is not the privilege of some people, but the science of liberation for all mankind. The socialist nature of a country can only be measured by the degree of liberation, free development and wealth growth of each member of society, but can not be judged by the society's evaluation of itself." "The ‘left’ line for more than 20 years is the process of constantly launching political movements to curb contradictions and influence reform requirements." Yes, the inherent and unchangeable ownership under the "ultra-left" line can't adjust the contradiction between productivity and production relations at any time. The Great Leap Forward. Eating food prepared in a large canteen. Ending speculation. The grass of socialism is better than the seedlings of capitalism. Commodity economy is synonymous with capitalist economy, and planned economy is synonymous with socialist economy. The result of violating the laws of economics is that the laws of economics force us to pay a huge price, and then we have to act according to the laws of economics.<br />
<br />
我登上西安城南大雁塔64米高的顶层向下望去,便想起白居易的诗:“百千家似围棋局,十二街如种菜畦。”从大雁塔通往西安车站的十里长街如同一条直线,很像围棋盘上的棋格。西安的街道使人联想到规规矩矩的单向思维。大雁塔下的景致使人感到单调和缺憾。当年玄奘从印度带回657部梵文经典,就在此地译经十载。公元648年,唐太宗为玄奘所译诸经写总序。唐太宗实行均田制、租庸调法等经济改革,发展外贸和文化交流,乃至把文成公主嫁给吐蕃王松赞十布等,终于出现盛唐局面。盛唐的长安与上百个国家和地区交往。满载丝绸的商队从长安出发,路经中亚、南亚、西亚,直抵欧洲。丝绸之路沿线的古城楼兰,人称“沙漠中的庞贝城”,是商品集散地和中转贸易站。<br />
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When I climbed the 64-meter-high Giant Wild Goose Pagoda in the south of Xi'an, stood on the top floor and looked down, I remembered Bai Juyi's poem: "The distribution of hundreds and thousands of houses in Chang'an is like the board of Go, and the twelve streets separate the city, which is like same vegetable plots." The ten-li long street from the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda to Xi'an Station is like a straight line, which is much like the chess grid on the Go board. The streets of Xi'an reminds me of vertical thinking. The scenery under the pagoda makes people feel monotonous and regrettable. Xuanzang brought back 657 Sanskrit classics from India and translated them here for ten years. In 648 AD, Emperor Taizong of Tang wrote a general preface to the classics translated by Xuanzang. Emperor Taizong carried out economic reforms such as equal-field system and Zu Yong Diao, developed foreign trade and cultural exchanges, and even married Princess Wencheng to the Tibetan king Songtsen Gampo, which finally led to the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Chang'an in the prosperous Tang Dynasty communicated with hundreds of countries and regions. The caravan loaded with silk set off from Chang'an, passed through Central Asia, South Asia, West Asia, and reached Europe. Loulan, an ancient city along the Silk Road, was called "Pompeii in the Desert" and was a commodity distribution center and transit trading station.<br />
<br />
唐朝经济的发达,和思想文化的发达是对称的。中国人从小就背《唐诗三百首》,历来都研究唐代文学,可惜太少研究唐代经济。儒家传统主张以德治国,有没有经济一样治国。但是就算10亿人都能背下《唐诗三百首》,也依然不能在这个世上立足的。<br />
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The development of economy in Tang Dynasty coincided with the development of ideology and culture. Chinese people recite the Three Hundred Tang Poems from an early age, and have always studied Tang Dynasty literature, but it’s a pity that they seldom study Tang Dynasty economy. Confucian traditions advocate governing the country by virtue, and the country can be governed whether there is economy or not. But even if 1 billion people can recite these poems, this country still can't establish itself in this world.<br />
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1300多年过去了,解放30多年了。人们向我介绍西安,不是讲兵马俑,就是讲李白醉卧长安,再不背诵谪仙人的诗:“长安一片月,万户捣衣声。”这使我想起老年人,老人的心态是喜欢回忆过去。<br />
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More than 1300 years have passed and more than 30 years have passed since liberation. When People introduce Xi'an to me, they either talk about the terracotta army or Li Bai lying drunk in Chang'an, or recite the poem of Li Bai: "The bright moonlight shines on the city of Chang'an, and the sound of pounding clothes can be heard from thousands of homes." This reminds me of the old people, whose mentality is to like to recall the past.<br />
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今天的西安即使不和发达国家做横向比较,即使只是自己和自己比,变化是不是也太小了一点?有人对我说:西安地下的比地上的好看。这天我走进城郊一家饭馆,满地的碎骨头剩菜!油垢的饭桌,污浊的塑料酒杯,发黑的香肠和发干的松花蛋。如果唐代的诗人墨客到此一游,恐怕会拂袖而去吧。李白大约会仰天长啸:吃饭难,难于上青天!不过20世纪80年代的顾客们,习惯地熟练地在这里痛饮饱食。而我觉得难以下咽。更何况跳蚤像小人一样在对我进行防不胜防的袭击。我应该入乡随俗?我应该改造自己的思想,改造自己的脾胃?不,我不想去适应这些今天不应有的落后的、不文明的一切。中国人不应该在80年代的今天还坐在碎骨头剩菜间吃黑香肠。我们必须改造这样的饭馆,使之适应更文明的需求,而不是让我们去适应它。<br />
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Even if today's Xi'an is not compared with developed countries horizontally, but is only compared with itself, is the change too small? Someone said to me: Xi'an underground is better than it on the ground. On this day, I walked into a restaurant in the suburbs, and there were broken bones and leftovers all over the ground! Greasy dining tables, dirty plastic wine glasses, blackened sausages and dry century eggs. If the poets of Tang Dynasty visited here, I'm afraid they would leave. Li Bai will probably face upwards and shout: The way to eat delicious food is as hard as the blue sky to scale! However, customers in 1980s used to drink and eat here skillfully. But I find it hard to swallow. What's more, It’s impossible for me to guard against fleas attacking me like villains. I should do as the Romans do? I should have thought reform and adjust my stomach? No, I don't want to adapt to these backward and uncivilized things that shouldn't be there today. Chinese people shouldn't sit between broken bones and leftovers and eat blackened sausages today in the 1980s. We must transform such restaurants to meet the needs of a more civilized society, not let us adapt to it.<br />
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党治国在他的经济论文中写道:“当社会不是从基本的经济事实出发,而是从原则和原理出发,动员思想的、政治的和法律的力量同客观经济规律进行斗争的时 候（‘十年动乱’就是这样典型的时期）,社会付出巨额的经济代价,得到的却是败坏的社会风气和死气沉沉的萧条景象。”<br />
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In his economic paper, Dang wrote: "When the society starts from principles and principles instead of basic economic facts, to mobilize ideological, political and legal forces to fight against objective economic laws ('The Cultural Revolution' is such a typical period), the society pays a huge economic price, but gets bad social climate and depression."<br />
<br />
头脑此心脏重要<br />
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The Mind is More Important Than the Heart<br />
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1975年,邓小平同志出来工作了。在押犯党治国感到好像自己刑满释放ー样的高兴。他觉得这下自己的思想轨迹能合上中央政策的轨迹了。本来嘛,无产阶级夺取政权以后,发展生产力就是无产阶级的根本利益所在。国家的转机来了,他党治国的转机就会来。他把他的希望全部系于小平同志的身上。<br />
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In 1975, Comrade Deng Xiaoping came out to work. The prisoner Dang Zhiguo felt as happy as if he was released from prison. He felt that his ideological track could be close to the track of the central policy. After all, after the proletariat seized political power, it is the fundamental interest of the proletariat to develop productivity. When the turning point of the country comes, the turning point of him will also come. He pinned all his hopes on Comrade Xiaoping.<br />
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但是他等到的却是批邓。<br />
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But what he waited for was to criticize Deng.<br />
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他的头发一下子全白了,稀疏了。<br />
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His hair suddenly turned white and thinned.<br />
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他这个铁铮铮的黑大汉,一下变成了老汉。以前不管在游街时,在监狱中,他的心里经常回荡着他最喜爱的《斗牛士之歌》的旋律。可是从此他再也想不起他那斗牛英雄了,他只记得伏尔加船夫曲了 :唉嗨哟,唉嗨哟……<br />
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He, an unyielding man with dark skin, suddenly became an old man. In the past, whether in the streets or in prison, his heart often echoed with the melody of his favorite "Toreador Song". But he never remembered his bullfighting hero again. He only remembered the "Song of the Volga Boatmen": Ay-da, da, ay-da...<br />
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他并不怕死,准确地说,他最不怕的就是死。但他怕绝望,尤其怕从希望的顶峰突然掉进绝望的深渊。<br />
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He was not afraid of death. To be precise, he feared death the least. But he was afraid of despair, especially falling suddenly from the peak of hope into the abyss of despair.<br />
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社会上大批右倾翻案风,监狱里党治国首当其冲。一个彻底绝望的人,就是一个可怕的人。你们不是要批我翻案复辟吗?好,他自己带头批自己一他不仅要复辟资本主义,而且要复辟封建主义,而且复辟原始共产主义。他从头坏到脚,从脚烂到头。<br />
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In the society, there was the Counterattacking the Right-Deviationist Reversal-of-Verdicts Trend, and Dang bore the brunt in the prison. A completely desperate person is a terrible person. Aren't you going to criticize me for reversing my verdict? Well, he himself took the lead in criticizing himself—he wanted to restore not only capitalism, but also feudalism and primitive communism. He became evil.<br />
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他实在没有生之留恋了。<br />
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There was no love left for him.<br />
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他本来就不重视他这个躯体的物质存在。1967年西安武斗,有一天他把两手插进大衣口袋,大模大样地走向射击密集地。他当时只不过产生了一个奇怪的想法:人中了枪弹是什么感觉?事后想来,那三四十米的射击区里,只他一个人在做死亡游戏,实在也觉得后怕了——不是怕死,是怕死得没意义。<br />
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He didn't pay attention to the material existence of his body. During the violent struggle in Xi'an in 1967, one day, he put his hands in his coat pockets and marched towards an area with intense fire. At that time, he just had a strange idea: What does it feel like to be shot? In hindsight, in the shooting area of 30-40 meters, only he was playing the game of death, and he had a lingering fear—he was not afraid of death, but of meaningless death.<br />
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1968年他在牛棚里给吊打得晕死过去。迷迷糊糊中,听到有人在说:“把党治国打死了也没关系。他死了更好,少了一个反革命。”不,他可不能这么不清不白地死去!<br />
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In 1968, he passed out after he was beaten in the cowshed. In a daze, Ihe heard someone saying, "It doesn't matter if he is killed. It is better if he dies, because a person who is against revolution disappear." No, he can't die in unclear circumstances!<br />
<br />
1970年铜川市把他判了死刑上报省里,省里那次共有七个死刑犯的名单。但据说这一批只枪毙四个,党治国的名字是第五个。又活了过来。打“右派”有指标,抓“现行反革命”有指标,枪毙人有指标。那就是说,不是因为你有罪才杀你,而是因为要杀你才有罪。<br />
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In 1970, Tongchuan City sentenced him to death and reported it to the province, where there were seven prisoners on death row. However, it is said that only four prisoners were shot in this batch, and Dang Zhiguo was the fifth. So he was still alive. There were quotas for fighting against the "rightists", catching anyone who opposed or resisted a revolution after the liberation movement and shooting people. That is to say, it is not because you are guilty that you are killed, but because you are to be killed that you are guilty. <br />
<br />
前四个人当时都给枪毙了,后来都给平反了。如果将来科学发达了,平反的人都能复活就好了。不过这四个人已被打得脑浆迸裂,怕是怎么也复活不了啦。<br />
<br />
The first four people were shot at that time, and then they were rehabilitated politically. If only all the rehabilitated people would be resurrected when technology develops in the future. However, these four people have been beaten their brains out, so they will not be resurrected no matter what approach was taken.<br />
<br />
党治国听到前四名死刑犯的命运后,不寒而栗。现代医学认为判断ー个人是否死亡,首先是看脑子,而不是心脏。头脑比心脏重要。人要是不能思索,不让思索,那就活像是精神的殉葬。西安郊区的前朝古墓里,当初有多少宫女殉葬,多少工匠被活埋!不过秦朝已经比过去进化了,用大量的“俑殉”代替大量的人殉。秦始皇墓附近有三个兵马俑坑。光是一号坑,就有6000件陶俑、陶马,将军俑、武官俑、战袍俑、铠甲俑、跪射俑、立射俑等等。武士俑排成38路纵队,保护着秦始皇的僵尸,保护着僵硬的封建体系。<br />
<br />
Dang Zhiguo trembled when he heard the fate of the first four prisoners on death row. Modern medicine believes that to judge whether a person dies or not, the first thing to do is to look at the brain, not the heart. The mind is more important than the heart. If people can't think and are not allowed to think, it's like spiritual burial. In the ancient mausoleums of former dynasties in the suburbs of Xi'an, how many maids and craftsmen were buried alive! However, the Qin Dynasty has evolved compared with the past, replacing a large number of people with a large number of figurines. There are three pits of terracotta warriors near the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang. In Pit No.1 alone, there are 6,000 pottery figurines, pottery horses, general figurines, military attaché figurines, warrior figurines in battle robes and armor, kneeling figurines, figurines whose posture is shooting and so on. The warrior figurines formed 38 columns to protect the dead body of Qin Shi Huang and the rigid feudal system.<br />
<br />
兵马俑馆的侧,停放着一大溜前来参观者乘坐的汽车。汽车的式样是五花 八门的,汽车的产地却只有一个——日本。偌大的兵马俑馆天天吸引着成千成千的参观者。每天有一千多外宾。香港报纸说里根拍中国马屁,因为里根摸了一下陶马的屁股。法国总理希拉克说世界有七大奇迹,秦俑的发现可以说是八大奇迹了。不过,发掘违反经济规律的教训比发掘古迹更紧迫。较之馆内的兵马俑,馆外的奇迹更给我以强大的刺激——一字长蛇阵地摆着的日产汽车,强化了的日本经济发展的奇迹。<br />
<br />
On the side of the Terracotta Warriors Museum, there were many cars on which visitors sat before. The styles of cars were varied, but the origin of cars was only one—Japan. The huge Terracotta Warriors Museum attracts thousands of visitors every day. There are more than 1,000 foreign guests every day. Hong Kong newspapers said that Reagan kissed China's ass because Reagan touched the pottery horse's ass. French Prime Minister Jacques Chirac said that there are seven wonders in the world, and the discovery of Qin figurines can be said to be the eighth one. However, it is more urgent to discover the lessons of violating economic laws than to discover historical sites. Compared with the Terracotta Warriors inside the museum, the miracle outside the museum gives me a powerful stimulus. Cars made in Japan were placed in a long array, which strengthened the miracle of Japanese economic development.<br />
<br />
经济发展和政治民主是互为作用的。体制的生命力在于自身有新陈代谢的功能,自身能不断选择和更迭各个层次的领导者,自身能不断调整和更新生产关系。党治国写道:“社会主义的扩大再生产还应扩大再生产出社会主义的生产关系。”是的,我们不仅要生产出更多的工农业产品,我们首先要生产出更科学、更合理的生产关系。<br />
<br />
Economic development and political democracy interact with each other. The vitality of the system lies in its metabolism function, its ability to constantly choose and change leaders at all levels, and its ability to constantly adjust and update production relations. Dang wrote: "The expanded reproduction of socialism should also expand and reproduce socialist relations of production." Yes, we should not only produce more industrial and agricultural products, but we should first produce more scientific and reasonable relations of production.<br />
<br />
生——产——关——系?<br />
<br />
Production relations?<br />
<br />
文凭可以补发,思维不能重复<br />
<br />
Diplomas Can be Reissued, But Thinking Cannot be Repeated<br />
<br />
活着的头脑是不能停止思索的。1978年召开全国科学大会的前夕,党治国在监狱里提出他也要向科学大会献礼。他在狱中写了《凿岩机最佳轴推力的研究》和《评皆吉斯朵夫的风钻轴推力公式》等论文,搞了水玻璃泮火机、锉盘的复活技术、自动淬水筛等好几项革新。1980年他一出狱,浮肿着脸就到处搞科技资料,四方出击地发表了关于热处理、轴承、电炉和风动工具等十来篇论文。<br />
<br />
A living mind can't stop thinking. Before the National Science Conference was held in 1978, Dang proposed in prison that he would also present gifts to the conference. In prison, he wrote papers such as Research on Optimal Shaft Thrust of Drilling Machine and Comment on Detistikov's Drilling Machine Shaft Thrust Formula, and made several innovations such as sodium metasilicate quenching machine, revival technology of files, and automatic dewatering screen. When he was released from prison in 1980, he searched scientific and technological materials everywhere with a swollen face, and published a dozen papers on heat treatment, bearings, electric furnaces and pneumatic tools.<br />
<br />
1984年底他调到西安市民用煤研究所工作。他这个清华大学水利系学生进入“右派”生涯后,有10年就是在煤矿里打风钻（即凿岩机）。当初风钻没有支架, 往高处打洞时,党治国本可以搬个随便什么物件,站上去打。但他嫌费事。他总是急急地想多干活。他一见活就着急。他举起60斤重的风钻顶在头上打洞,他那大高个子就是一个活动支架。不过风钻开动时那每分钟震动1800次带来的噪音,整整伤害了他10年。为什么还要听任这种伤人的声波在矿里继续肆虐?！<br />
<br />
At the end of 1984, he was transferred to Xi'an Civil Coal Research Institute. After he, a water conservancy student in Tsinghua University, was recognized as a "rightist", he spent 10 years using drilling machine in coal mines. At the beginning, the drills had no supports, and when holes were drilled in high places, Dang could have moved anything and stood up to drill. But he thought it too troublesome. He was always in a hurry to work more. He was anxious when he had work to do. He lifted a 30-kilogram drilling machine top to make a hole in his head, and his tall figure was a movable bracket. But when the drill machine was turned on, it vibrated 1800 times every minute, which brought noises hurting him for 10 years. Why should he let this hurtful sound wave continue to spread out in the mine? !<br />
<br />
党治国把气动凿岩机的设计图纸送到一些有条件生产的工厂。技术人员一看就明白,可是领导们说:这只不过是图纸,没有样机来证明。<br />
<br />
Dang sent the design drawings of rotary pneumatic rock drills to some factories with conditions for production. Technicians can understand them when they see them, but leaders said: This is just a drawing, and there is no prototype to prove it.<br />
<br />
可是,党治国是测试过数据,证实了原理的。<br />
<br />
However, Dang had tested the data and confirmed the principle.<br />
<br />
可是,连风钻的使用单位也不想关心这种新型风钻的产生,因为制造和他们无关。<br />
<br />
However, even the users of pneumatic drills did not want to care about the production of this new type of pneumatic drills, because manufacturing had nothing to do with them.<br />
<br />
正儿八经搞制造的工厂,一想生产新机器要投资新设备,投资本身就带有冒险性质。冒险的事不干。<br />
<br />
Factories that were seriously engaged in manufacturing thought that they had to invest in new equipment if they wanted to produce new machines, and investment itself was risky. Employees in these factories didn’t want to take risks.<br />
<br />
洛阳有个厂或许有可能生产。党治国用上他四年没用的探亲假赶去了,住在洛阳一个旅馆里,每天的伙食是四个烧饼。这每天四个烧饼,引起了同屋一个人的注意。他是江苏泰兴一个乡办厂的负责人。乡镇企业有自主权,有变革自己落后面貌的愿望,有靠开发新产品闯出路子的需要。他先是为党治国的四个烧饼所感动,后是为党治国的凿岩机所打动,决定把这个项目带回江苏去搞。<br />
<br />
There was a factory in Luoyang that may produce it. Dang took his parental leave that he didn’t use for four years to go there, and stayed in a hotel in Luoyang. The daily food was four baked wheat cakes. These four baked wheat cakes every day attracted the attention of one of Dang’s roommates. He was the person in charge of setting up a factory in Taixing, Jiangsu Province. Township enterprises had ownership, had the desire to change their backward appearance, and the need to find a way out by developing new products. He was first moved by Dang’s four baked wheat cakes, and then moved by the rock drills of Dang, so he decided to bring this project back to Jiangsu.<br />
<br />
小厂很有积极性,当下投进两三万元的资金。但是,这么一个突破传统结构的凿岩机,让一个乡办小厂搞,从资金到人力,都难以继续下去。具有研制能力的大单位,又不想列入计划。那么,党治国自己集资?<br />
<br />
The small factory was very motivated, and 20,000 yuan to 30,000 yuan were invested. However, it was difficult for a small township-run factory to continue from capital to manpower, with such a rock drill that broke through the traditional structure. Large units with research and development capabilities did not want to be included in the plan. So, Dang raised funds by himself?<br />
<br />
清华大学的教授们,黄万里已经寄来了100元,钱伟长就要寄钱来了……<br />
<br />
Professors from Tsinghua University like Huang Wanli had already sent 100 yuan, and Qian Weichang was going to send money...<br />
<br />
中国几十年来割资本主义尾巴,近几年小心翼翼地提出一部分人先富起来。党治国哪里去找这些先富起来的人?党治国怎么能筹集这上万上万的资金?<br />
<br />
China had been cutting off the tail of capitalism for decades, and in recent years it has carefully proposed that some people get rich first. Where can Dang find these people who get rich first? How can he raise tens of thousands of funds?<br />
<br />
他原先以为出了监狱就是解放了。1980年他是被提前释放的。如果按原判20年的话,他本应服刑到1990年。既然对他是错判,那么能不能还他时间呢?<br />
<br />
He thought he was liberated when he left prison. He was released early in 1980. According to original trial, he would have served his sentence until 1990. Since he was wrongly judged, can his time be given back?<br />
<br />
当然这是幻想。清队时有个人分不清“幻”字和“幼”字,以为只是意思相通读音不同。每每在对党治国们训话时,用上他以为很有学问的话:“一切幻想都是幼想! 一切幼想都是幻想!”一个“党治国专案组”五个人一年就得花一万多元钱,应该有人做个社会调查——全国有过多少专案组、调查组,用了多少人力,用了多少金钱,解决了多少问题,制造了多少冤案。侵犯的人权,要不要追究法律责任?浪费的金钱,要不要承担经济损失?<br />
<br />
Of course, this was a fantasy. During the period of cleansing the class ranks, there was a man who couldn't tell the difference between the word "幻" (fantasy) and the word "幼" (young), thinking that they had the same meaning but different pronunciation. Every time he lectured Dang and others, he said what he thought was very learned: "All fantasies are young! All young thoughts are fantasies!" Five people in a "task force for Dang Zhiguo" had to spend more than 10,000 yuan a year. Someone should make a social survey on how many task forces and investigation teams have been in the country, how many manpower and money have been used, how many problems have been solved and how many unjust cases have been created. Do you want to pursue legal responsibility for violated human rights? Do you want to bear economic losses for wasted money?<br />
<br />
不该查不该调的内查外调所花的巨额投资如果用来开发新产品,那么开发的岂止是产品,还有是积极性,是人!<br />
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If the huge investment spent on unnecessary investigation was used to develop new products, then not only products, but also enthusiasm and people will be more!<br />
<br />
为了个人的利害关系用公家的钱去整人,是不会心疼钱的;为了企业的发展多揽一件事,又何必找这个麻烦?企业搞不搞新产品,于个人有什么利益?<br />
<br />
For the sake of personal interests, it is not distressing to use government money to trick people. In order to take one more thing for the development of the enterprise, why bother? Whether an enterprise engages in new products or not, what benefits does it have for individuals?<br />
<br />
我站在秦陵二号铜车马跟前,不胜感慨! 2000多年前就有这样的工艺水平! 一共3000多个部件,根据铸件性能的不同,采用不同的合金比例,青铜的冶铸技术和现在基本相仿,机械连接采用的是现在仍在广泛使用的键连接、饺链连接等等。马身上装配的金当卢、金银泡等饰件和用具就有2500多件。铜车马在地下埋了2000多年了,至今链条非常灵活,车的门窗开关自如！<br />
<br />
I stood in front of the bronze chariots and horses of Qin Mausoleum No.2, and I was overwhelmed with emotion! There was such a technological level more than 2000 years ago! There were more than 3,000 parts in total. According to the different casting properties, different alloy ratios were adopted. The smelting and casting technology of bronze was basically similar to that of now. The mechanical connection adopted key joint, pilot pin joint and so on, which are still widely used now. There were more than 2,500 pieces of ornaments and utensils such as gold masks and gold and silver bubbles assembled on horses. Bronze chariots and horses have been buried underground for more than 2000 years. Up to now, the chain is very flexible, and the doors and windows of the car can be opened and closed freely!<br />
<br />
我们的先人在公元前就有这样的科学技术水平,那么2000年后的今天,进展如何呢?<br />
<br />
Our ancestors had such a level of science and technology in BC, so what is the progress today after 2000 years?<br />
<br />
进展也好,不进展也好,反正照样拿工资。<br />
<br />
Whether there is progress or not, people still get the money anyway.<br />
<br />
我打开清华大学第002150号毕业证书。证书上是一张像出土文物似的老人相片。不知是因为五十来岁的党治国照得比他实际年龄更老,还是因为他现在的相片放在大学毕业证书上实在不相称而愈加显老。50年代的清华大学水利系学生在80年代拿到了补发的毕业文凭。不过他已经不想把他的主要精力放在科技上了。<br />
<br />
I opened the diploma No.002150 of Tsinghua University. On the certificate was a photo of an old man like an unearthed cultural relic. I didn't know whether it was because Dang in his fifties was taken older in the picture than his actual age, or because his current photo was out of proportion with his college diploma. Students in the water conservancy department of Tsinghua University in the 1950s got a reissued diploma in the 1980s. But he didn't want to focus on technology anymore.<br />
<br />
文凭可以补发,思维不能重复。他积几十年之教训,感到首先要面对的是——生产关系。<br />
<br />
Diploma can be reissued, but thinking cannot be repeated. After decades of lessons, he felt that the first thing he had to face was production relations.<br />
<br />
没有主人的企业<br />
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Enterprises Without Owners<br />
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那些国营企业为什么不想创新产品、不想要人才?农村改革势如破竹,为什么到城市以后改革就步履维艰?乡镇企业拳打脚踢,生气勃勃,国营企业为什么缺乏活力?原因是什么?症结在哪里?<br />
<br />
Why didn't those state-owned enterprises want innovative products and talents? Rural reform was in full swing. Why was it difficult to reform in cities? Why did state-owned enterprises lack vitality when township enterprises were full of vigor? What was the reason? Where is the crux?<br />
<br />
党治国的回答是:“企业中没有真正的主人。”<br />
<br />
The answer of Dang was: "There is no real owner in the enterprise."<br />
<br />
工人不是企业的主人吗?解放初,我们就宣传工人当家做了主。三十多年过去了,难道还没成为企业的主人?“三十多年来一直对国营企业的职工进行主人翁思想教育这件事本身,恰恰证明国营企业职工不是企业的主人。”党治国写道,“一对年轻夫妇买了一台彩电,等不到走出商店的大门,对于这台彩电的主人翁思想,便像铁钉一样钉入了他们的脑海,根本用不着对他们进行主人翁思想的教育。”<br />
<br />
Aren't workers the owners of enterprises? At the beginning of liberation, we publicized that workers were the masters of the country. After more than 30 years, haven't they become the owner of the enterprise? "For more than 30 years, we have been educating the employees of state-owned enterprises about their ownership, which just proves that the employees of state-owned enterprises are not the owners of enterprises." Dang Zhiguo wrote, "After a young couple bought a color TV set, the ownership about this TV will be nailed into their minds before they get out of the door of the store. And there is no need to educate them how to be the owner of it."<br />
<br />
我们不是承认思想是第二性的吗?那么,主人翁思想也应该是被物质存在决定的オ对。党治国的思考方向带有科学性。<br />
<br />
Don't we admit that conscious experience is based in physical processes? Then, ownership should also be determined by material existence. The thinking direction of Dang is scientific.<br />
<br />
我们常常可以看到这种场面:一个工厂突然停电了,或者是机器坏了,工人们喜形于色,奔走相告。因为既可以早回家,又算是出勤了,工资照发。企业的亏损或盈利和职工的利益没有多大关系。群众不能多得,但是可以少劳。职工对企业的冷漠态度,不过是企业所有制关系在职工意识中的反映。<br />
<br />
We can often see such scenes: a factory suddenly went out of power, or the machine broke down, and the workers were jubilant and rushed to tell each other. Because they can go home early and they also punch in, so they can still gain salary. The loss or profit of an enterprise has little to do with the interests of employees. The masses can't get more, but they can work less. The indifferent attitude of employees towards enterprises is only a reflection of the sense of ownership of enterprises.<br />
<br />
企业的领导是不是主人?当然我们有很多优秀的领导,但是为什么报纸上经常有这样的披露:<br />
<br />
Is the leader of an enterprise the master? Of course, we have many excellent leaders, but why do newspapers often disclose this:<br />
<br />
“新华社长春7月21日电:吉林铁合金厂9名厂级干部在不到两年的时间里, 平均每人晋升5.28级,其中最高的长了7.5级;1984年,每人平均得奖金1770多元,是职エ奖金的4.4倍。”（1985年7月22日《西安晚报》）<br />
<br />
"Changchun/July 21/Xinhua News Agency: In less than two years, nine factory-level cadres of Jilin Ferroalloy Factory were promoted by an average of 5.28 levels, of which the highest was 7.5 levels; In 1984, each person received an average bonus of more than 1,770 yuan, which was 4.4 times the employee bonus." (Xi'an Evening News, July 22, 1985)<br />
<br />
“鞍钢钢铁研究所联合实验厂三名领导干部‘以官论奖’,乱分奖金现象严重。 他们在不到九个月的时间里,每人平均分得奖金8600余元,相当于工人奖金的19倍,在职工中造成恶劣影响。”（1985年8月6日《工人日报》）<br />
<br />
"Three leading cadres in the joint experimental factory of Angang Iron and Steel Research Institute 'give awards according to seniority', and the phenomenon of randomly dividing bonuses is serious. In less than nine months, each of them received an average bonus of more than 8,600 yuan, which is equivalent to 19 times of the employee bonus, causing bad influence on employees." (Workers' Daily, August 6, 1985)<br />
<br />
“这类国营企业的领导人,他们作风上的损害国家及职工利益以自肥,和工作上的极端不负责任,说明他们也不是企业的主人。”<br />
<br />
"The leaders of such state-owned enterprises, whose style of work is harmful to the interests of the state and employees, and they are extremely irresponsible for their work, which shows that they are not the owners of the enterprises."<br />
<br />
“主人不盗窃自己的财产。”党治国一语道破了问题的实质。<br />
<br />
"The owner does not steal his own property." Dang's words reveal the essence of the problem.<br />
<br />
他进一步论证说:“主人就是人格化的所有权。作为企业的主人,他个人的利益和命运应该同企业的兴衰和前途是息息相关的。他在企业中的利益,绝不是一个可以忽略的量。例如对于一个拥有1000万元资金和1000名职工的企业来说, 每个职工推动的生产资金为1万元。而如果每个职工仅仅以社会全体成员之一, 也就是说作为我国10亿人口之一的身份享有对企业的所有权,那么企业的资产对于每个职工来说就只有0.01元。企业的倒闭只使职工个人损失1分钱,又怎么能期望每个职工把企业的存亡当作自己性命攸关的事情呢?”<br />
<br />
He further argued: "Owner is personalized ownership. As the owner of an enterprise, his personal interests and destiny should be closely related to the rise and fall and future of the enterprise. His interests in the enterprise are by no means negligible. For example, for an enterprise with 10 million yuan capital and 1,000 employees, the production capital promoted by each employee is 10,000 yuan. And if each employee only enjoys the ownership of the enterprise as one of all members of society, that is to say, as one of China's 1 billion people, then the assets of the enterprise are only 0.01 yuan for each employee. The collapse of the enterprise only makes the individual lose 1 cent. So how can we expect each employee to regard the survival of the enterprise as a matter of vital importance?"<br />
<br />
当一个人对于企业财产拥有的数量,足以影响他的生存并决定他的贫富的时候,他方才称得上企业的真正主人,而不仅仅是观念上的主人。主人的权利表现在参与企业的决策和管理的权利;在企业按劳动参加分配的权利;按对企业财产占有量参加利润分配的权利。<br />
<br />
When the amount of property owned by an individual is enough to affect his survival and determine his wealth, he can be called the real owner of the enterprise, not just the conceptual owner. The owner's right is manifested in the right to participate in the decision-making and management of the enterprise, in the right to participate in distribution according to labor in enterprises, and in the right to participate in profit distribution according to the possession of enterprise property.<br />
<br />
农村实行联产承包责任制获得成功,有人便以为承包万能,在城市里也大搞承包。但“包字进城”并没有取得预想的结果。党治国找出了其中的原因。农民承包成功,关键是权利和义务的对等。超产固然使农民首先得利,歉产也使农民首先亏损。经营责任者没有责任能力（赔偿能力）,是国有企业严重存在而又难以解决的实际问题。有的厂长说,我给国家亏损了几十万。可有什么办法?把我这一百多斤交给孙二娘卖人肉包子,也卖不了几个钱嘛。<br />
<br />
When the implementation of the household responsibility system in rural areas was successful, some people thought that the system was omnipotent, so they also introduced it in cities. However, it did not achieve the expected results. Dang found the reason. The key to the success of farmers' household responsibility system is the equivalence of rights and obligations. Although overproduction makes farmers benefit first, failure to produce also makes farmers lose first. It is a serious and difficult problem for state-owned enterprises to solve that those who are responsible for management have no responsibility ability (or compensation ability). Some factory directors said that they lost hundreds of thousands of yuan to the country. But what can they do? Let Sun Erniang make filling in buns with my flesh weighing over 100 jin to sell them, and she can't earn too much.<br />
<br />
没有责任能力的时候,就可能不负责任。好比叫一个3岁的小孩上街买彩电, 他在路上把钱丢了,你也无可奈何,因为小孩没有这个责任能力。<br />
<br />
When you have no ability to be responsible, you may be irresponsible. For example, if a 3-year-old child is asked to buy a color TV set, and he loses his money on the way, you have no alternative, because the child doesn't have the ability to be responsible.<br />
<br />
党治国把问题做了进一步的引申,说明国营企业缺乏持久的活力,是一个包括社会主义和资本主义国家在内的世界性问题。我们在理论上承认职工是企业的主人,却不知道主人的财产权究竟在哪里?主人,这是一个确切的经济事实,而不是一个思想概念。它确定职工在企业中的地位,使职工看到关系着自己的命运的可变的经济利益,唤起职工的负责精神!<br />
<br />
Dang extended the problem, which shows that the lack of lasting vitality of state-owned enterprises is a worldwide problem including socialist and capitalist countries. Theoretically, we admit that employees are the owner of the enterprise, but we don't know where the owner's property rights are. Owner is an exact economic fact, not an ideological concept. It determines the position of employees in the enterprise, makes employees see the variable economic interests related to their own destiny, and evokes the sense of responsibility of employees!<br />
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“走后门”和经济规律<br />
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Pulling Strings and Economic Laws<br />
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主人不在,后门洞开。<br />
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In the absence of the owner, the back door opened.<br />
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有些紧俏商品,例如名牌自行车,凭票证供应。票证本来是无价的,但是人们通过送礼、行贿从后门搞来的票证,就是有价的了。交换越发展,票证就越能得到它的充分价值。最后,一张票证甚至可卖到100来元。<br />
<br />
Some goods in short supply, such as brand-name bicycles, are supplied by coupons (a system imposed to control the production of food and to boost industrialization). Coupons are priceless, but coupons that people get by pulling strings and bribes are valuable. The more the exchange develops, the more the coupon can get its full value. Finally, a coupon can even be sold for about 100 yuan.<br />
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名牌自行车的供销矛盾,本来可以通过调整价格来解决。如果原来值150元一辆,可以提高到200元、250元,提高到一定程度,供销就会趋向平衡。每辆自行车多卖的钱,就用来扩大名牌自行车的生产。<br />
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The contradiction between supply and marketing of famous brand bicycles could have been solved by adjusting the price. If the original price of 150 yuan can be raised to 200 yuan or 250 yuan, and the supply and marketing will tend to be balanced when the price is raised to a certain level. The extra money sold for each bicycle can be used to expand the production of famous brand bicycles.<br />
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但是我们却用票证来限制购买。结果是100元钱从前门送不进,只好从后门送给了私人。自行车的充分价格,通过曲折的道路实现了。<br />
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But we use coupons to restrict purchases. As a result, 100 yuan's money could not be sent in through the front door, so it had to be given to individuals through the back door privately. The full price of bicycles is raised through winding roads.<br />
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所以,经济规律不仅不以人们的意志为转移,反过来还要转移人们的意志。党治国发表了他的论文:《经济规律在行动中——论走后门是济经规律遇阻时发生作用的一种形式》。<br />
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Therefore, economic laws not only do not transfer people's will, but also transfer people's will in turn. Dang published his paper: "Economic laws are in action—pulling strings is a form of economic laws that work when they are limited".<br />
<br />
“走后门等不正之风不过是国家花巨款买来的社会祸害。它是经济规律遇阻时发生作用的一种形式,也是经济规律对于诸如‘物价稳定’‘等价交换’、否定地租规律等固定观念的惩罚。”“人们所能改变的,只是经济规律发生作用的形式,而不能改变经济规律本身。”<br />
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"Dishonest practices such as pulling strings are just social scourges bought by the state with huge sums of money. It is a form of economic laws that work when they are limited, and also the punishment of economic laws for fixed concepts such as 'price stability', 'equivalent exchange' and denial of land rent law." "What people can change is only the form in which economic laws work, but not the economic laws themselves."<br />
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我走到西安的城墙下,城墙周长11.9公里,高12米,顶宽12至14米。真是 庞大的防御体系。给人安全感和封闭感。这是明朝朱元璋修建的:“高筑墙,广积粮,缓称王。”后来我们继承传统,提出了“深挖洞,广积粮,不称霸”。结果是即使称霸也未必具有威慑力量,至今吃饭还要粮票,西安市中心的地下防空洞改装成了低档的游乐场。洞内墙壁剥落,洞里传出粗重的迪斯科乐声。售票员姑娘在众目睽睽之下用廉价的化妆品细细地对着小镜子抹脸。好像她的工作不是售票,而是做化妆讲座。<br />
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I walked under the city wall of Xi'an. The perimeter of the city wall was 11.9 kilometers, and it was 12 meters high and 12 to 14 meters wide. What a huge defense system, giving people a sense of security and isolation. This was built by Zhu Yuanzhang in the Ming Dynasty: "Build a high wall, accumulate more grain, and slowly become an emperor." Later, we inherited the tradition and put forward the idea of "digging deep holes, accumulating grain extensively, and not seeking hegemony". As a result, even hegemony may not have deterrent power. Up to now, food coupons were needed if you wanted to eat something, and the underground air-raid shelter in the center of Xi'an had been converted into a low-grade amusement park. The walls in the cave peeled off, and thick and heavy disco music came from the cave. The conductor girl applied cheap cosmetics carefully in front of the small mirror in full view of the public. It seemed that her job was not to sell tickets, but to give makeup lectures.<br />
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有什么样的经济基础,就会产生什么样的生活水准和精神素质。经济规律活动在我们的各个领域中。<br />
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Different economic foundations will produce different living standards and spiritual quality. Economic laws are in our various fields.<br />
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尤其突出地活动在住房问题中。我走进城郊党治国的家。屋顶是一根根劈开的树杆,有一根树干上写着一行字:“公元一九八五年金秋九月三日正午新屋上梁大吉。”自然是农民房了。这一间二十多平方米的房,如果在别处就得收月租35元到45元。但这里近处是铁道,噪音不断。窗后是煤厂的大煤堆。一年四季不敢开窗,免得刮一屋子煤灰,所以月租是25元。<br />
<br />
They are especially active in the housing problem. I walked into Dang’s home in a suburb. The roof was made of tree trunks, and a line was written on one trunk: "At noon on September 3rd in the golden autumn of 1985 AD, the new house is in good condition." Naturally, it was a rural house. If this room of more than 20 square meters were located elsewhere, it would have to be rented monthly from 35 yuan to 45 yuan. But there was a railway near here, so there was constant noise. Behind the window was a large coal pile in the coal plant. People dared not open windows all year round, so as to avoid coal ashes from falling in the whole room. So the monthly rent was 25 yuan.<br />
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“这就是地租规律。”党治国对我说,“这是由供需关系决定的。不过住房商品化至今难以推行,总是有人反对吧。人的本能就是利益的本能。现在有些地方,盖房用了一年时间,分房倒用了两年时间。分房比盖房还难。因为违反了地租规律、经济规律。<br />
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"This is the law of land rent." He said to me, "This is determined by the relationship between supply and demand. However, it is difficult to implement the commercialization of housing so far, and some people always oppose it. Human instinct is the instinct of interests. Nowadays, in some places, it takes one year to build houses, but it takes two years to distribute houses. It is more difficult to distribute houses than to build them. Because it violates the laws of land rent and the economy."<br />
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“用行政手段分房,来代替经济规律平衡人口的分布,结果是人们将为之付出活动费和贿赂。这只不过是社会自愿放弃的房租的转化形式。贿赂的多少不是由特权者的贪欲或是行贿者的经济状况决定的,而是由地租规律及其受阻程度决定的。”<br />
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"Using administrative means to distribute houses instead of economic laws to balance the distribution of population. As a result, people will pay activity fees and bribes for it. This is just a transformation form of rent voluntarily abandoned by society. Bribes are not determined by the greed of privileged people or the economic situation of bribers, but by the law of land rent and its degree of obstruction."<br />
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我想起我走进党治国家之前,附近不少农民在盖房,自然又是商品房。我乘坐的那辆汽车差点和一辆运砖的马车相撞——太挤了。人。砖。水泥。木料。而这个盖房大竞赛的总指挥是:经济规律。<br />
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I remembered that before I walked into Dang’s house, many farmers nearby were building houses, which were naturally commercial houses. The car I was in almost collided with a carriage carrying bricks—it was too crowded. People. Bricks. Cement. Wood. And the commander-in-chief of this big competition for building houses is: economic laws.<br />
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思想的局限<br />
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Limitations of Thought<br />
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“两栖人”党治国在继续研制气动凿岩机的同时,又在经济理论的岩层上向更深的层次开凿:他的经济论文《论剪刀差》《经济规律在行动中一论走后门是经济规律受阻时发生作用的一种形式》《一个重要的经济规律——论基本分配规律》等一篇篇地发表了。不过都发在科技刊物上。这未必是经济规律受阻,而是学术空气受阻时发生作用的一种形式。<br />
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While continuing to study rotary pneumatic rock drills, the "Amphibious Man" had dug deeper into the rock stratum of economic theory: his economic papers "On Scissors Difference", " Economic laws are in action—pulling strings is a form of economic laws that work when they are limited", "An Important Economic Law: On Basic Distribution Laws" and so on. They had been published one by one. But they were all published in scientific journals. This is not necessarily a form of action when the economic laws are limited, but a form of action when the academic atmosphere is blocked.<br />
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党治国抓住了事物的根本——经济规律的指挥棒,他便能听清思想工作中的不和谐音了:<br />
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When Dang grasped the baton of economic laws, which is the root of things, he can hear the dissonance in ideological work:<br />
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公有制下的企业,只有在一定条件下,即革命胜利后革命政党和那些受到 革命鼓舞的群众还保持着革命热情和充满着革命理想那样一个黄金时代,才能正常运转和迅速发展。随着革命热情被利害的打算冷却,革命理想为日常的现实所冲淡,这些企业的弊病就出来了。<br />
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Enterprises under public ownership can operate normally and develop rapidly only under certain conditions, that is, after the victory of the revolution, the revolutionary political parties and the masses encouraged by the revolution still maintain revolutionary enthusiasm and are full of revolutionary ideals, which is a golden age. As revolutionary enthusiasm is cooled by plans focusing on interests and revolutionary ideals are less strong because of daily reality, problems of these enterprises come out.<br />
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我们曾经把共产主义简化为小生产者的平均主义,并且宣布是马上就可 以进入的“天堂”。当这种共产主义的幼稚幻想被残酷的事实粉碎后,又代之以“阶级斗争要搞一万年”的极度悲观的论调,并由此诱发出人整人,狂热。人们对一万年以后的共产主义无从稽考,所以光用共产主义的豪言壮语难以普遍地激发人们的热情了。<br />
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We once simplified communism and regarded it as egalitarianism of small producers and declared it a "paradise" that can be entered immediately. When this naive fantasy of communism was shattered by cruel facts, it was replaced by the extremely pessimistic argument that "class conflict should last for ten thousand years", which induced the phenomenon that people trick people and fanaticism. There is no way for people to examine communism after 10,000 years, so it is difficult to arouse people's enthusiasm universally with the grandiloquence of communism alone.<br />
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对于未来,我们更多谈及的,往往是多少产量、多少收入等等物质生活的 提高。很少论及我们的社会主义将有什么发展,我们的所有制、生产方式、分配关系、政治制度、家庭结构、人际关系、思想观念,到时候是什么样子。<br />
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For the future, we often talk more about the improvement of material life, such as output, income and so on. Very little is said about the development of our socialism, and what our ownership, mode of production, distribution relations, political system, family structure, interpersonal relationships and ideas will look like in the days to come.<br />
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当我们常常用未来物质生活如何丰富的数字来充塞人们的头脑时,又怎 能希望只用思想和劝善来填补精神的匮乏呢!<br />
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When we often fill people's minds with figures of how rich material life will be in the future, how can we hope to fill the lack of spirit only by using thoughts and encouraging people to do good?<br />
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现在常常听到责备人们“向钱看”。权利和义务是不可分的。权利超过 义务,就会不负责任,以权谋私;义务超过权利,人们就会推卸责任而变得冷漠,并变着法弥补自己被忽略的利益。这两类表现,可以归之于“觉悟不高”或“思想落后”吧。不过这种道义上的谴责和政治上的批评并不能解决根本问题。撤销职务和法律惩处虽然儆戒未来,却无助于弥补已经造成的经济损失。何况被撤掉的职务本来就不属于被撤职者自己。<br />
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Nowadays, people are often blamed for "looking at money". Rights and obligations are inseparable. If rights exceed obligations, people will be irresponsible and abuse power for personal gain; When obligations exceed rights, people will shirk their responsibilities, become indifferent, and rack their brains to make up for their neglected interests. These two kinds of manifestations can be attributed to "low consciousness" or "regressive ideas". However, this moral condemnation and political criticism cannot solve the fundamental problem. Although dismissal and legal punishment are an example to the future, they will not help to make up for the economic losses already caused. What's more, the removed position does not belong to the removed person himself.<br />
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主人公的责任感,说到底,首先不是一种思想问题,而是一个所有权的问 题。只有当每个社会成员清楚地感受到社会主义所有制对自己究竟意味着什么,才会真正关心社会主义经济的现状和未来,才会真正以主人的身份行使自己的支配权、劳动权和分配权。<br />
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In the final analysis, the owner's sense of responsibility is not a matter of thought, but a matter of ownership. Only when every member of society clearly feels what socialist ownership means to himself, will he really care about the present situation and future of socialist economy, and will he truly exercise his right to dominate, work and distribute as an owner.<br />
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在这种情况下,反复对人们进行主人翁思想教育,将只会使他们感到诧 异。如同你在路上突然被人拉住,向你宣传你要对自己的身体倍加爱护一样。既然人们事实上是社会的主人,并且每个人无一例外地从主人的地位中得到了实际的利益,他们自然而且必然会关心生产资料的正确支配和合理使用,把社会主义事业的发展看作与自己性命攸关的事情。<br />
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In this case, it will only surprise people to repeatedly educate them about being owners. It's like being suddenly pulled by someone on the road, who tell you that you should take more care of your body. Since people are in fact the owners of society, and everyone without exception gets actual benefits from their status as owners, they will naturally and inevitably care about the correct control and rational use of the means of production, and regard the development of the socialist cause as a matter of vital importance to their own lives.<br />
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不能把共产主义这一具有鲜明时代特征的科学等同于自古以来就有的舍 己为人、公而忘私乃至降格到积德行善的水平。原始公社时期那种“不独亲其亲,不独子其子”的人际关系,并不是思想觉悟的表现,而是由生产资料公有制的关系决定的。共产主义不是一种孤立的品质,而是一种标志着一个社会发展阶段的生产关系、社会关系的科学。这就如同卖菜时很会算账的同志未必懂得高等数学ー样。<br />
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Communism, a science with distinctive characteristics of the times, cannot be equated with self-sacrifice, devoted to public interests as to forget one’s own interests, or even degraded to the level of accumulating virtues and doing good deeds since ancient times. In the primitive commune period, the interpersonal relationship—People don't just think of their relatives as their relatives, and they don't just think of their children as their children—was not a manifestation of ideological consciousness, but determined by the relationship of public ownership of the means of production. Communism is not an isolated quality, but a science that marks the relations of production and social relations in a stage of social development. This is just like comrades who are good at settling accounts when selling vegetables may not know advanced mathematics.<br />
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理想和热情必须从科学社会主义的经济基础上产生出来,不可能附着在 过时的体制上。列宁说:“依靠信念、忠诚和其他优秀的精神品质,这在政治上是完全不严肃的。”这里还要加上一句:这在经济上也是完全不严肃的。<br />
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Ideals and passions must emerge from the economic foundation of scientific socialism, and cannot be attached to outdated systems. Lenin said: "Relying on faith, loyalty and other excellent spiritual qualities is completely not serious in politics." Besides, it is also not economically serious at all.<br />
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这里丝毫不包含轻视思想的作用,而是说观念是和利益连接在ー起的。马克思说,精神从一开始就很倒霉,注定要受物质的纠缠。离开了具体的物质利益,单纯靠思想工作来解决所有问题是不现实的。<br />
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There is no contempt for the role of ideas here, but the meaning is that ideas are connected with interests. Marx said that the spirit is unlucky from the beginning, and is destined to be entangled by material. Without concrete material interests, it is unrealistic to solve all problems simply by ideological work.<br />
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党治国企图说明和坚持的,是意识由存在来决定的唯物主义基本原理。<br />
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What Dang attempts to explain and adhere to is the basic principle of materialism that consciousness is determined by existence.<br />
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经济一团糟的经济理论家<br />
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An Economic Theorist Without Money<br />
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党治国对社会主义所有制关系的研究,主张要严格区别公有和共有这两个概念。马克思、恩格斯在《共产党宣言》中强调:“在发展进程中,当阶级差别已经消失而全部生产集中在联合起来的个人的手里的时候,公众的权利就失去政治的性质。”党治国由此认为,科学社会主义所有制,是“联合起来的个人”的所有制,即共有制。社会主义共有制是社会主义公有制的必要准备。社会主义公有制是社会主义共有制的必然趋势。公有不能量化,共有可以量化到个人。<br />
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In the study of socialist ownership relations, Dang advocated to strictly distinguish the two concepts of public ownership and common ownership. Marx and Engels emphasized in The Communist Manifesto: "In the process of development, when class differences have disappeared and all production is concentrated in the hands of united individuals, public rights will lose their political nature." Therefore, Dang held that the scientific socialist ownership was the ownership of "united individuals", that is, the public ownership system. Socialist communal system is the necessary preparation for socialist public ownership. Socialist public ownership is the inevitable trend of socialist public ownership system. Public ownership cannot be quantified, but common ownership can be quantified to individuals.<br />
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公有也罢,共有也罢,党治国自己是一无所有。<br />
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Whether it is public or common, Dang found that he had nothing.<br />
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他1980年出狱后,到现在已经搬了六次家,这才搬到这间靠着煤山、傍着火车轨道的符合地租规律的农民房里。杜甫当年疾呼:安得广厦千万间,大庇天下寒士俱欢颜。当代寒士党治国和他的父母、儿子的衣物连同他们四个人,加起来用一辆东风三轮就可以拉着跑了。所以尽管东搬西挪地到处借房,倒也不算费事。<br />
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Since he was released from prison in 1980, he has moved six times to this rural house, which was close to a coal mountain, beside the train track and conformed to the law of land rent. Du Fu cried out in those days: Could I get mansions covering ten thousand miles, I'd house all scholars poor and make them beam with smiles. The clothes of the contemporary poor man Dang Zhiguo and his parents and son, together with the four, can be pulled with one Dongfeng motor tricycle. Therefore, although they borrowed houses everywhere, it was not troublesome.<br />
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1986年的中国,城市里居然还有这样穷困的角落。一眼望去,这间屋里不是板子,就是绳子。旧板子搁在长凳上,是党治国和他儿子的床。他父母睡一张借来的旧板床,床腿绑着绳子倒也能站得住。凳子的腿也绑着绳子。破写字桌上,又是用一根白绳子系着一个自己用烟纸卷就的灯罩。<br />
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In China in 1986, there was such a poor corner in the city. At first glance, this room had either planks or ropes. The old plank was on the bench, which was the bed for Dang and his son. His parents slept in a borrowed old bed made of planks, and the legs of the bed can stand with ropes tied. The legs of the stool were also tied with ropes. On the broken writing desk was a lampshade wrapped with cigarette paper and tied with a white rope.<br />
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还有大案板和小板箱。<br />
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There were also big chopping boards and small crates.<br />
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党治国这30年,从精神到肉体的挨板子,从精神到肉体的被捆绑,终算安定下来了,陪伴他的又多是板子和绳子!我只觉ー阵苦楚。<br />
<br />
In the past 30 years, he was beaten from the spirit to the body, and was tied up from the spirit to the body, and he finally settled down. What accompanied by him most were planks and ropes! I only felt a burst of pain.<br />
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恩格斯说过,马克思是最大的经济学家,可是他自己的经济ー团糟。<br />
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Engels said that Marx was the influential economist, but his own economy was bad.<br />
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一位朋友为说话而说话:“今天天气很好。”<br />
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A friend spoke for the sake of talking: "It's a fine day today."<br />
<br />
“1970年的时候,我弟弟唯一的愿望就是但求有个好天气。”党治国说,“当时已经决定判我死刑了。家里人有什么办法?只求能从刑场拉回我的尸体。弟弟借好了架子车,可是我老家韩城离铜川有三四百里地,要是赶上雨天,那一趟泥地够我弟弟拉的!我既然必死无疑,家里人就退ー步只希望有个好天气了。”<br />
<br />
"In 1970, my brother's only wish was to have a good weather." Dang said, "At that time, it was decided to sentence me to death. What can my family do? They just want to pull my body back from the execution ground. My younger brother borrowed a wheelbarrow, but my hometown Hancheng was three or four hundred li away from Tongchuan. If it was a rainy day, it would be difficult for my younger brother to pull the wheelbarrow because of the mud! Now that I will die definitely, my family concede and only hope for a good weather."<br />
<br />
党治国好像在叙述一件与己无关的事。淡淡的。也许他遇到的悲剧太多了? 也许他们韩城人有判刑后发奋的传统?他的书桌旁贴着一幅韩城人司马迁狱中写《史记》的画。党治国在狱中通读《资本论》三遍,自然还读凡能入狱的马、恩、列、 斯、毛的著作。监狱里来了新犯人,每每叫党治国来一个节目——背诵《矛盾论》和《实践论》,一字不差。<br />
<br />
He seemed to make light of a matter that has nothing to do with himself. Maybe he had encountered too many tragedies? Maybe they Hancheng people had a tradition of striving after being sentenced? Next to his desk was a painting of Sima Qian, a native of Hancheng, writing ''Records of the Grand Historian'' in prison. Dang read ''Das Kapital'' three times in prison, and naturally read the works of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin and Mao Zedong who can be imprisoned. When there were new prisoners, they asked Dang to perform every time—he recited ''On Contradiction'' and ''On Practice'' verbatim.<br />
<br />
读书之余便是写作。他这间板子加绳子的屋里,唯一可以进入80年代的,是他妹妹送他的一只红皮箱,箱里全是他写的经济学论文的手稿。在剪刀差、所有制等等的中间,扎眼地珍藏着一部精装本的《简・爱》。这是他第四次买《简・爱》了。抄走一本,再买一本。以他现在还欠债一千来元的经济条件,去买一本不知读过多少遍的小说锁于箱里,足见他对简・爱这个女主角的偏爱了。我不由得望望箱边堆着的脏衣服,那么,箱里的简・爱便是这屋的单身男子的妻了。<br />
<br />
Besides reading, Dang wrote something in his spare time. In his room with planks and ropes, the only thing that can enter the 1980s was a red suitcase given to him by his sister, which was full of manuscripts of his economics papers. In the middle of scissors difference, ownership and so on, a hardcover version of Jane Eyre was conspicuously treasured. This was the fourth time he has bought Jane Eyre. If one was confiscated, he would buy another one. With the economic condition that he was still in debt of about 1,000 yuan, he bought a novel that he had read many times and locked it in a box, which showed his preference for Jane Eyre, the heroine. I couldn't help looking at the dirty clothes piled up by the box, so Jane Eyre in the box was the wife of a single man in this room.<br />
<br />
没有一个个人问题是超越社会平均水平之上的。<br />
<br />
No individual problem is above the average level of society.<br />
<br />
他的个人命运和祖国的命运是完全一致的。<br />
<br />
His personal fate is completely consistent with that of his motherland.<br />
<br />
1957年以前国家是发展的,他个人是顺利的。1957年国家受损失,他个人受挫折。1962年国家开始恢复元气,他摘掉了“右派”帽子。1965年国家兴旺了,他参加了先进技术传播队,能力得到发挥了。十年浩劫,他十年监狱。现在他落实政策不那么顺利,因为国家头绪纷繁、问题严重。<br />
<br />
Before 1957, the country was developing, and everything went smoothly for him. In 1957, the country suffered losses and he suffered personal setbacks. In 1962, when the country began to recover, he took off the hat of "rightist". In 1965, when the country flourished, he joined the advanced technology communication team and brought his ability into full play. During ten years of Cultural Revolution, he spent ten years in prison. At present, his implementation of policies was not so smooth, because the country had too many things to attend to and had serious problems.<br />
<br />
“国家、社会解放的程度,就是我自己解放的程度。只有解放全人类才能解放自己,这对我不是一种思想,而是一种不可逃避的命运。”<br />
<br />
"The degree of national and social liberation is the degree of my own liberation. Only when all mankind are liberated, can I liberate myself. This is not an idea for me, but an inescapable fate."<br />
<br />
这就如同他说的,我们搞社会主义不是因为社会主义优越,而是因为这是一种规律。优越是指方案而言的——哪ー种方案优越。而规律无所谓优越不优越——必须遵循它,早晚得遵循它,不遵循也得遵循!<br />
<br />
As he said, we adopt socialism not because it is superior, but because it is a kind of law. Superiority refers to which scheme is superior. And for the law, it doesn't matter whether it is superior or not—it must be followed, sooner or later, and you have to follow it even if you don’t want to!<br />
<br />
党治国不能说已经获得了彻底的解放,如同我们的生产力也没有从不适合的所有制的束缚下完全解放出来。<br />
<br />
It cannot be said that Dang has been completely liberated, just as our productive forces have not been completely liberated under the shackles of unsuitable ownership.<br />
<br />
“我们固有的体制适合搞政治运动,不适合经济发展。”党治国简直成了一个理论狂人。一开口就是体制、所有制,再不就是说:“你对这个问题怎么看?”<br />
<br />
"Our inherent system is suitable for political movement and not for economic development." Dang Zhiguo has become a theory fanatic. When he spoke, he talked about system and ownership, or said: "What do you think of this problem?"<br />
<br />
党治国咄咄逼人地、愣头愣脑地要人回答这些他整日思考的而别人未必感兴趣的,他以为是最重要的而别人认为是八竿子打不着的,他醉心的而别人无心的, 他津津乐道的而别人无动于衷的问题。<br />
<br />
Aggressively and recklessly, Dang required people to answer some questions that he thought all day long but others may not be interested in, that he thought were the most important but others thought that they were none of their business, that he was obsessed with but others were careless, that he relished but others were indifferent.<br />
<br />
他慷慨陈词,满脸涨红。别人应付他:“唉唉,是呵是呵,啧啧!”再不就是把别人吓得怯怯的,一下子从大人变成了站起来回答老师问题的小学生,讷讷地:“我觉得么……”<br />
<br />
He presented his view vehemently and his face turned red. Others phoned it in: "Alas, yes, oh!" Or he would scare others, and others suddenly change from an adult to an inarticulate primary school student who stands up and answers the teacher's questions. "Well, I think..."<br />
<br />
他满脑门的政治和经济,满脑门的规律和所有制。但别人是凡人,需要了解一些趣闻,一些轶事,一些消息,一些共同感兴趣的现实问题,需要吃喝拉撒睡。<br />
<br />
His mind was full of politics and economy, law and ownership. But others are normal people, and they need to know some interesting stories, anecdotes, news and practical problems of common interest, and they need to eat, drink and sleep.<br />
<br />
而他似乎只需要吃着政治,睡在经济上。他要和他周围一切的人探讨政治经济。他会吸引一些人,也会吓走一些人。<br />
<br />
It seemed that he only needed to eat politics and sleep on economy. He wanted to discuss politics and economy with everyone around him. He would attract some people, but would also scare away some people.<br />
<br />
他的见地每每是独到的,但他过于急切地阐述他的观点,乃至近乎要强加于人。对于“经济”,他的发问更是近乎发难。<br />
<br />
His insights were often original, but he was so eager to expound his views that he almost imposed them on others. As for "economy", his question was almost blame.<br />
<br />
他和一般人不一样,他是有些不一般;他和正常人不一样,他可不是不正常。<br />
<br />
He was different from ordinary people, and he was somewhat unusual; He was different from normal people, but he is sane.<br />
<br />
他关心的正是大众的利益,但是大众未必接受他的关心。<br />
<br />
What he cared about was the interests of the public, but the public may not accept his concern.<br />
<br />
他希望大家都能透过现象关心本质,但是大家往往喜欢谈论现象,而无心顾及本质。谈论现象是一种情绪发泄的需要,顾及本质却需要苦苦地开动大脑。<br />
<br />
He hoped that everyone can care about the essence through the phenomenon, but people often like to talk about the phenomenon, and they don't care about the essence. Talking about phenomena is a need to vent emotions, but taking into account the essence requires thinking hard.<br />
<br />
他不是那种可以用计算机程序计算出来的人。他欠稳妥,欠含蓄,但他“虽有小偏,终有大成”。任何社会变革首先要找到实现变革的社会力量。要打土豪分田地找到了贫农,要打倒老革命找到了红卫兵。今天的改革如小平同志所说是第二次革命,我们需要透辟的经济理论家。<br />
<br />
He is not the kind of person who can be calculated by computer program. He is not that reliable and subtle, but he "will have a big success although he has small shortcomings". Any social change must first find the social forces to realize the change. To fight against landlords, divide fields, we found poor farmers. To defeat the old revolution, we found Red Guards. Today's reform, as Comrade Xiaoping said, is the second revolution, and we need economic theorists with insights.<br />
<br />
我找到了党治国。不过不是我找他,是他先写信给我,打动了我。我采访受苦受难的人的时候,容易掉泪。但不知为什么,采访这个经济状况一团糟的经济理论家的时候,我一滴泪都没有。是他不需要别人同情,还是和他在一起的人都会变得只剩下粗线条了?<br />
<br />
I found Dang Zhiguo. But I didn't look for him, but he wrote to me first and touched me. When I interview people in difficulty, I tend to cry. But somehow, when I interviewed this economic theorist who was in a bad economic situation, I didn't shed a tear. Is it because he doesn't need sympathy from others, or will people who are with him not pay attention to trifles?<br />
<br />
“我不是一个受苦受难的科技人员!不是要人同情的人!”他冲着我大喊,“我是个好汉!是个男子汉!是有思想的!尤其有经济思想!”<br />
<br />
"I am not a scientific and technical personnel in difficulty! I am not a person who needs sympathy!" He shouted at me, "I am a hero! I am a man! I am thoughtful! I especially have economic thinking!"<br />
<br />
思想使党治国永远处于躁动不安的状态中,有时他为了理想忘却了现实,有时现实又催促他去追求理想。前不久他又写完一篇专门探讨所有制的论文:《社会主义所有制关系的发展》。文章观点大胆、新颖、独到。他提出的观点未必就尽善尽美、无懈可击,但是,即使其中包含一些真理的萌芽或片面的真理,也可以活跃我们的思维。“双百”方针实施三十多年了,一个宽松的、发展人们思维成果的环境正在形成。党治国的经济理论的产生和他这个理论狂人的出现,不是偶然的。人为的呼唤和扼杀,不过加速或延缓产生的时间。<br />
<br />
Thought makes Dang in a restless state forever. Sometimes he forgets reality for his ideal, and sometimes reality urges him to pursue his ideal. Not long ago, he finished a paper focusing on ownership: "The Development of Socialist Ownership Relations". The viewpoint of the article is bold, novel and original. His views may not be perfect and impeccable, but even if it contains the beginning of truths or one-sided truths, it can still activate our thinking. The Hundred Flowers Campaign had been implemented for more than 30 years, so a relaxing environment for developing people's thinking achievements was taking shape. The emergence of Dang’s economic theories and him as a theoretical madman are not accidental. Calling and strangling by human beings only speed up or delay the emergence time.<br />
<br />
能不能搞一个共产主义特区?他想。在强大的习惯势力面前,不能都搞先破后立,需要先立后破。只有实践自己的经济理论,把理论立起来,形成强烈对比,才可以春风至而冰雪消。<br />
<br />
Can we set up a communist special zone? He thought. In the face of strong habits, we can't break all fixed modes first and create new ones, but we need to do the opposite. Only by practicing our own economic theory to form a strong contrast can the spring breeze come and the ice and snow disappear.<br />
<br />
他是不是还带有空想的色彩?那么,马克思同志,请允许我提一个问题,您看20世纪80年代中国的改革怎么搞?<br />
<br />
Does he still have the color of fantasy? Then, Comrade Marx, please allow me to ask a question. What do you think of China's reform in 1980s?<br />
<br />
马克思会说,提出这个问题的本身就是错误的。<br />
<br />
Marx would say that it is wrong to ask this question.<br />
<br />
中国的经济体制改革,要靠中国人自己来探索。改革催促着经济理论的发展, 呼唤着经济理论家。<br />
<br />
China's economic system reform depends on the Chinese themselves to explore. Reform urges the development of economic theories and calls for economic theorists.<br />
<br />
终于,《文汇报》上出现了一个醒目的标题:《我们能否贡献一个伟大的经济学家》?文中写道,这个问题对于当代中国“比‘我们能否贡献一个爱因斯坦’或‘能否贡献一个伟大的哲学家和文学家’更为紧迫”。文章又写道:“中国经济体制全面改革的浪潮当是产生伟大经济学家的时代和国度。恰当的时间和地点正呼唤恰当的人。”<br />
<br />
Finally, a striking headline appeared in Wenhui Daily: "Can we contribute a great economist"? The article said that this problem was "more urgent for contemporary China than 'Can we contribute an Einstein' or 'Can we contribute a great philosopher and writer'?" The article added: "The wave of comprehensive reform of China's economic system should be the era and country that produced great economists. The right time and place are calling for the right people."<br />
<br />
“伊索寓言”中有一个说大话的人,吹嘘自己曾经在罗陀斯岛跳得很远。马克思在《路易・波拿巴的五月十八日》一文中引用了这个故事,他说生活本身会大声喊道:(原作名为雾月十八日，而非五月)<br />
<br />
In ''Aesop's Fables'', there was a person blowing his own horn said that he once jumped far on Rhodus Island. Marx quoted this story in the article ''The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte''. He said that life itself would shout:<br />
<br />
这里就是罗陀斯,就在这里跳跃吧！<br />
<br />
Hic Rhodus, hic salta! <br />
<br />
这里就有玫瑰花,就在这里跳舞吧！<br />
<br />
Here is the rose, here dance! <br />
<br />
（原载《人民文学》1986年第7期）<br />
<br />
(Originally published in People's Literature, Issue 7, 1986)</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_02&diff=155908Report CN EN 022023-06-15T16:03:12Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：4.船长 Volume1: 4.Master */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Liao Lujia=<br />
==卷一：4.船长 Volume1: 4.Master==<br />
<br />
Master,直译是船长或主人。那么,对他,贝汉廷,怎样译更确切呢?<br />
<br />
Master is literally translated as 船长 or 主人. However, how can we translate it more accurately for him, Bei Hanting?<br />
<br />
Master is literally translated as 船长 or 主人. However, how can we translate it more accurately for him, Bei Hanting?<br />
<br />
我站在“汉川号”的驾驶台甲板上凭栏远眺,深深地思索着。海风迎面扑来, 新鲜而又湿润。远处,是神秘莫测的大海;近处,海鸥在我的脚下飞翔……<br />
<br />
I stand on the bridge deck of the Hanchuan and look out from the fence, thinking deeply. The sea breeze comes head-on, fresh and moist. In the distance, it is the mysterious sea; nearby, seagulls fly under my feet...<br />
<br />
I stand on the navigation deck of the Hanchuan and look out from the fence, thinking deeply. The sea breeze comes head-on, fresh and moist. In the distance, it is the mysterious sea; nearby, seagulls fly under my feet...<br />
<br />
刚才,在和海员们的谈话中,有什么搅动了我的心,为了掩饰我的泪水,我才离开船舱。但现在,在这蓝天与大海之间,我仍然不能平静,思绪的波涛追逐着海水,去得很远很远……（I change 冈才 with 刚才）<br />
<br />
Just now, in the conversation with the seafarers, something stirred my heart. I leave the cabin in order to hide my tears. But now, between the blue sky and the sea, I still can't calm down. The waves of thoughts chase the sea and go far away…<br />
<br />
Just now, in the conversation with the seafarers, something stirred my heart. I leave the cabin in order to hide my tears. But now, between the blue sky and the sea, I still can't calm down. The waves of thoughts chase the sea and go far away…<br />
<br />
不知怎么,我ー下子离开主题,忽然想起二十多年前我给小读者写的一首诗, 告诉他们什么叫作海员。<br />
<br />
Somehow, I digress from the subject and suddenly remember a poem I wrote to young readers more than 20 years ago, telling them what a seaman was.<br />
<br />
Somehow, I digress from the subject and suddenly remember a poem I wrote to young readers more than 20 years ago, telling them what a seaman was.<br />
<br />
我不禁噙泪而笑了。那时我是那样年轻,在生活的海洋里几乎未经沉浮,我懂得海员吗?那时的小读者今天应该也是三十多岁的人了,他们怕也有自己的孩子了。经历过十多年的狂飙巨浪,他们还像儿时那样天真地向往海洋吗?天真,也许 是消失了,但向往——还应该向往。那么,就让我再给他们讲一个海员的故事吧!（I change 嚙 with 噙）<br />
<br />
I couldn't help laughing with tears. At that time, I was so young and hardly experienced ups and downs in the ocean of life. Did I know seafarers? The young readers at that time should be in their thirties today, and I guess they have had their own children. After experiencing more than ten years of surging waves, do they still yearn for the ocean as naively as they did when they were children? Innocence may have disappeared, but yearning should still exist. Then, let me tell them another story about a seaman!<br />
<br />
I couldn't help laughing with tears. At that time, I was so young and hardly experienced ups and downs in the ocean of life. Did I know seafarers? The young readers at that time should be in their thirties today, and they may have their own children. After experiencing more than ten years of surging waves, do they still yearn for the ocean as naively as they did when they were children? Innocence may have disappeared, but yearning should still exist. Then, let me tell them another story about a seaman!<br />
<br />
讲ー个海员,ー个水手,ー个船长,ー个master的真实的故事吧……<br />
<br />
I will tell a true story of a seaman, a sailor, a captain and a master...<br />
<br />
I will tell a true story of a seaman, a sailor, a captain and a master...<br />
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汉堡港的变奏<br />
<br />
Variations on the Port of Hamburg<br />
<br />
Variations on the Port of Hamburg<br />
<br />
汉堡港是美丽的。岸上,一幢幢红色和黄色的建筑物;港口,碧蓝的海水翻卷着银白的浪花……<br />
<br />
Port of Hamburg was beautiful. On the shore, red and yellow buildings could be seen. In the port, the turquoise sea water rolled over the white waves...<br />
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The Port of Hamburg was beautiful. On the shore, there were red and yellow buildings. In the port, the turquoise sea water rolled over the white waves...<br />
<br />
汉堡港是忙碌的。每天来来往往,穿梭着各国的船舶,码头上吊杆起落……但工人的脚步是稳重的,德国人原是出名的有秩序。ー百多年来,汉堡港早就形成了 自己的节奏ーー有条不紊,按部就班,寓丰富于单纯,多变化而又精密……就像成熟的乐队演奏熟悉的乐曲。<br />
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The Port of Hamburg was busy. In it were ships shuttling from all over the world, and the suspenders on the docks rising and falling... But the workers' footsteps are steady, because the Germans were famous for their order. For more than 100 years, Port of Hamburg has formed its own rhythm in an orderly manner, which was content-rich but simple, varied but precise… Just like a mature band playing familiar music.<br />
<br />
The Port of Hamburg was busy. Ships shuttled from here to other countries, and the suspenders on the docks rose and fell... But the workers' footsteps were steady, because the Germans were famous for their order. For more than 100 years, the Port of Hamburg had formed its own rhythm in an orderly manner, which was content-rich but simple, varied but precise… Just like a mature band playing familiar music.<br />
<br />
但,有一次,汉堡港竟改变了它正常的节奏:港口、码头、装卸公司、服务公司频 繁来往,电话不断;货主、代理、大小工头、理货组长和工人们都激动不已,甚至连正 好停泊在港口、有尊严而又自信的十几个老船长也打破常规,开了一条小艇,集体下海去了。<br />
<br />
However, on one occasion, Port of Hamburg changed its normal rhythm: ports, docks, loading and unloading companies and service companies frequently came and went, and telephone calls continued; shippers, agents, foremen, chief tallymen and workmen were so excited that even a dozen dignified and confident old masters, who happened to moor their ships in the port, broke the routine and sailed a small boat and went to the sea.<br />
<br />
However, on one occasion, the Port of Hamburg changed its normal rhythm: ports, docks, loading and unloading companies and service companies frequently came and went, and the telephone call was ceaseless; shippers, agents, foremen, chief tallymen and workmen were so excited and even a dozen dignified and confident old masters, who happened to moor their ships in the port, broke the routine and sailed a small boat and went to the sea.<br />
<br />
是什么引起了这骚动呢?台风吗?惊涛骇浪吗?都不是。一百多年的港口了,任何风浪都改变不了它的节奏。<br />
<br />
What caused the commotion? Typhoon? The stormy waves? Neither. A port with more than 100-year history was not susceptible to any wind or waves.<br />
<br />
What caused the commotion? Typhoon? Stormy waves? Neither. A port with more than 100-year history was not susceptible to any wind or waves.<br />
<br />
使得汉堡港变奏的,说也奇怪,是一条船,就是中国远洋公司上海分公司的这艘远洋货轮——“汉川号”。<br />
<br />
What made it change, strange to say, was a ship. That was the ocean-going freighter Hanchuan belonging to Shanghai Branch of China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company.<br />
<br />
What made it change, strange to say, was a ship. That was the ocean-going freighter "Hanchuan" belonging to Shanghai Branch of China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company.<br />
<br />
码头上人头攒动,指指点点,“汉川”“汉川”之声不绝。有的人还特地带了老婆孩子来参观,说是让他们见见世面。明媚的阳光,彩色的裙衫,童声稚气的欢笑, 一下子使得汉堡港这支一百多年的古曲,焕发出青春的明丽,奏出了奇异而动人的旋律。<br />
<br />
The dock was jam-packed with people, who were pointing and shouting "Hanchuan" endlessly. Some people even brought their wives and children to see the elephant. Bright sunshine, colorful skirts and childish laughter suddenly made Port of Hamburg, an ancient song for more than 100 years, glow with youthful beauty and play a bizarre and moving melody.<br />
<br />
The dock was jam-packed with people, who were pointing and shouting "Hanchuan" endlessly. Some people even brought their wives and children to see the elephant. Bright sunshine, colorful skirts and childish laughter suddenly made the Port of Hamburg, an ancient song with the history of more than a hundred years, glow with youthful beauty and play a bizarre and moving melody.<br />
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这是1978年4月的一个星期天。<br />
<br />
It was a Sunday in April 1978.<br />
<br />
It was a Sunday in April 1978.<br />
<br />
故事却要从3月说起……<br />
<br />
But the story begins in March...<br />
<br />
But the story began in March...<br />
<br />
3月21日,“汉川号”在驶欧途中接到公司电报,返航时在汉堡港装运天津化纤厂成套设备,国内急用!<br />
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On March 21st, the Hanchuan received a telegram from its company on its way to Europe, and it was asked to ship complete sets of equipment for Tianjin Chemical Fiber Factory in Port of Hamburg when returning home, because it was urgently needed in China!<br />
<br />
On March 21st, the Hanchuan received a telegram from its company on its way to Europe, and it was asked to ship a complete set of equipment for Tianjin Chemical Fiber Factory in the Port of Hamburg when it returned, because the equipment was urgently needed in China!<br />
<br />
但抵港之后,港口却给安排了一些杂货。原来代理认为中国船根本运不了这套设备,因为这套设备极不规则,很多都是超长、超高、超重件,且又贵重,其中任何 ー个部件有任何一点损坏或漏运,都会误工误时,造成严重损失。何况按照惯例, 港口从来都把贵重的成套设备交给他们认为工效最高的德国船运。当然,这些话并未直说,说的是:“这套设备任何一条船也装不下,‘汉川号’尽可以运别的货嘛。”<br />
<br />
But after arriving in the port, they were arranged some groceries. Originally, the agent thought that Chinese ships could not transport this set of equipment at all, because it was extremely irregular, and many of them were super-long, super-high, overweight and expensive. Any damage or missed shipment of any parts would cause serious losses. Besides, by convention, ports always hand over valuable complete sets of equipment to German ships that they think are the most efficient. Of course, agents did not say that directly, but said: "This set of equipment can't be put in any ship. Why doesn’t Hanchuan transport other goods?"<br />
<br />
But after arriving at the port, it was arranged some groceries. It turned out that the agent thought that the Chinese ship could not transport this set of equipment at all, because it was extremely irregular, and many of them were super-long, super-high, overweight and expensive. Any damage or missed shipment of any parts would delay the work and waste time, causing serious losses. Besides, by convention, ports always hand over valuable complete sets of equipment to German ships they think are the most efficient. Of course, the agent did not say that directly, but said: "Any ship is too small to hold this set of equipment. The Hanchuan can transport other goods."<br />
<br />
但是,以贝汉廷为首的“汉川号”还认准了非装这批货不可!理由嘛:一是国内急需;二是成套设备运输费高;三是你外国人能做的,我们中国人就也能做,凭什么小看人！当然,这话也没直说,说的是：“谢谢你们的好意,但是我们可以一船装走。我们行!”<br />
<br />
However, the Hanchuan headed by Bei Hanting held that this batch of goods must be loaded! Reasons are as follows: First, it is urgently needed in China; Second, the transportation cost of complete sets of equipment is high; Third, what you foreigners can do, we Chinese can also do, so why underestimate people! Of course, these words were not spitted out. They were: Thank you for your kindness, but we can load it in one boat. We can do it!"<br />
<br />
However, the Hanchuan headed by Bei Hanting insisted that it must load this batch of goods! Reasons were as follows: First, it is urgently needed in China; Second, the transportation cost of a complete set of equipment is high; Third, what you foreigners can do, we Chinese can also do, so why underestimate us! Of course, these words were not spitted out. They said: "Thank you for your kindness, but we can load it in one ship. We can do it!"<br />
<br />
行不行,这可不像国内搞大批判、揪“走资派”那么容易。只要戴上袖章,抢过话筒,哇里哇啦喊一通,谁帽子大、上纲高,谁就胜利。这可是国际港口,面对的都是专家,ー张嘴就知道你有多少斤两,空话、大话引来的只有讪笑。何况这是航海, 是科学,大海可不是被剥夺了一切权利的“走资派”,大海是要发言的,稍有一点儿 不实事求是,不科学,它就要惩罚你！就会让你船覆货沉,葬身鱼腹。因此,这个“行”字可是一字千金,开不得半点儿玩笑！<br />
<br />
It was not as easy as criticizing others massively and finding capitalist roaders in China. As long as you put on your armband, grab the microphone, shout loudly, have great power and regard the problem as class conflicts, you will win. However, this was an international port, and all of them faced experts. They would know your ability when you said something. Empty talk and big talk only attracted laughter. Besides, this was about navigation and science. The sea was not a capitalist roader deprived of all rights. The sea wanted to speak. If you didn’t think of the real situation and science, it will punish you! It will make your ship sink and the goods fall in the belly of a fish. Therefore, the sentence "We can do it" was full of pearls of wisdom, which couldn’t be a joke!<br />
<br />
It was not as easy as criticizing others massively and uncovering capitalist roaders in China. As long as you put on your armband, grab the microphone, shout loudly, have great power and regard the problems as class conflicts, you will win. However, this was an international port, and what they faced were all experts. They would know your ability when you said something. Empty talk and big talk only attracted laughter. Besides, this was about navigation and science. The sea was not a capitalist roader deprived of all rights. The sea would speak. If you didn’t think of the real situation and science, it would punish you! It would make your ship sink and the goods fall into the belly of fish. Therefore, the sentence "We can do it" was full of pearls of wisdom, and there was no joking about it!<br />
<br />
贝汉廷是有名的老船长了,他坚持说“行”,外国人也不得不掂量掂量,于是ー 伸手说:“拿来！”“什么？”“配载图。”贝汉廷微笑着摊开了图纸。行家搭眼一看就愣住了,不由得脱口说了一个“好”！<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was a famous old master. He insisted on saying "yes", and foreigners had to ponder it, so they reached out and said, "Give me!", "What?" "Cargo plan." Bei Hanting smiled and spread out the drawing. The experts were stunned when they looked at it, and couldn't help blurting out "good"!<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was a famous old master. He insisted on saying "can", and foreigners had to ponder it, so they reached out and said, "Give me!" "What?" "Cargo plan." Bei Hanting spread out the drawing with a smile. The experts were stunned when they looked at it, and couldn't help blurting out "good"!<br />
<br />
这是一幅何等详尽的配载图啊!图上布满了密密麻麻的图形和数字,成千上万个部件,不仅各有各的装载部位,而且件件有尺码,有重量,有体积,件件有标号。<br />
<br />
What a detailed cargo plan this was! The drawing was full of figures and numbers, and thousands of parts. It not only had their own loading parts, but also had sizes, weights, volumes and labels.<br />
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What a detailed cargo plan it was! The drawing was full of figures and numbers. Thousands of parts not only had their own loading positions, but also all had sizes, weights, volumes and labels.<br />
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可怎么有几件甲板货高出了船舱,伸出了船舷?这可是不安全的吧?……<br />
<br />
But how can several deck cargo be higher than the cabin and extend out of the port and starboard? This was not safe, was it?<br />
<br />
But how can several deck cargos be higher than the cabin and extend out of the ship's rail? It was not safe, was it? ...<br />
<br />
谁知贝汉廷笑嘻嘻地说出了到达、离港及航行中最佳、最差稳心的全部计算数据,同时还分析了4月的沿途气候:英吉利海峡怎样,直布罗陀海峡如何;比斯开湾及北大西洋的冬季风暴已过,地中海也如此;印度洋虽长期平均六七级风,但此刻 西南季风盛行的季节还未开始……沿途均属无风暴间隙,正是一年里航海的黄金季节。当然,也可能出现最坏情况,那就是印度洋阿拉伯海南部东经60度以东提前开始西南季风,可能出现八九级大风,那也没关系,我们可以采取改变航向、变更 航速、减轻正面迎风及开慢车等ー系列技术措施嘛!<br />
<br />
It was surprised that Bei Hanting smiled and said all the calculation data of the best and worst metacenter in arrival, departure and navigation, and also analyzed the climate along the way in April: what is the English Channel and the Strait of Gibraltar; Winter storms have passed in the Bay of Biscay and the North Atlantic, as have the Mediterranean; Although the Indian Ocean has a long-term average of strong breeze and near gale, the season when the southwest monsoon prevails has not yet started... There is no storm gap along the way, which is the golden season of sailing in a year. Of course, the worst case may occur, that is, the southwest monsoon starts ahead of schedule to the east of 60 degrees east longitude in the southern Arabian Sea of the Indian Ocean, and there may be fresh gale or strong gale. It doesn't matter. We can take a series of technical measures such as changing course and speed, reducing frontal windward and sailing slowly!<br />
<br />
It was surprised that Bei Hanting smiled and said all the calculation data of the best and worst metacenter in arrival, departure and navigation, and also analyzed the climate along the route in April: how is the English Channel and the Strait of Gibraltar; Winter storms have passed in the Bay of Biscay and the North Atlantic, as has the Mediterranean; Although the Indian Ocean has a long-term average of strong breeze or near gale, the season when the southwest monsoon prevails has not yet started... There is no storm gap along the route, which is the golden season of sailing in a year. Of course, the worst case may occur, that was, the southwest monsoon starts ahead of schedule to the east of 60 degrees east longitude in the southern Arabian Sea of the Indian Ocean, and there may be fresh gale or strong gale. It doesn't matter. We can take a series of technical measures such as changing course and speed, reducing frontal windward and sailing slowly!<br />
<br />
好一个贝汉廷!这哪里是什么配载图及其注释,简直是一份科学报告!德国 人不由得伸出手拍着贝汉廷的肩说:“祝贺你有个好大副。”贝汉廷彬彬有礼地躬 了一下身说:“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
What a knowledgeable man! This was not a cargo plan and its annotations, but a scientific report! The German couldn't help reaching out and patting Bei Hanting on the shoulder and saying, "Congratulations on having a good chief officer." Bei Hanting bowed politely and said, "Thank you."<br />
<br />
What a knowledgeable man! This was not a cargo plan and its annotations, but a scientific report! The German couldn't help reaching out and patting Bei Hanting on the shoulder and saying, "Congratulations on having a good chief officer." Bei Hanting bowed politely and said, "Thank you."<br />
<br />
德国人哪里想得到,这张配载图早已超出了大副的业务范围,它是船长、政委、大副和所有技术力量27个不眠之夜的结晶。是他们,利用卸货期每天拿着尺子跑 码头,将货物一件件量了过来,并根据船舱甲板所有部位的不同形状、结构及负荷, 经过反复的核算和排列,求出了这种最合理的配载方案。<br />
<br />
The Germans can’t figure out that this cargo plan has long been beyond the business scope of the chief officer. It is the fruit of 27 sleepless nights of master, the secretary of the commissar, chief officer and all technical forces. It was they who ran to the dock with a ruler every day during the unloading period, measured the goods one by one, and worked out the most reasonable stowage scheme after repeated accounting and arrangement according to the different shapes, structures and loads of all parts of the cabin deck.<br />
<br />
The Germans couldn't figure out that this cargo plan had long been beyond the business scope of the chief officer. It was the fruit of 27 sleepless nights of the master, the secretary of the commissar, the chief officer and all technical forces. It was they who ran to the dock with a ruler every day during the unloading period, measured the goods one by one, and worked out the most reasonable stowage scheme after they repeated accounting and arrangement according to the different shapes, structures and loads of all parts of the cabin deck.<br />
<br />
那些日子里,全船像要参加国际棋赛ー样,把货舱、甲板的布置图纸（1：100）贴在木板上,把货物按比例缩小做成硬纸模型,反复组合,这盘特殊的“棋”足足对弈了几百次…… <br />
<br />
In those days, workers in the whole ship seemed to participate in the international chess game. They pasted the layout drawings of the cargo hold and deck (1: 100) on the wooden board, and the cargo was scaled down to make a cardboard model, which was repeatedly combined. This special chess was played hundreds of times...<br />
<br />
In those days, workers on the whole ship seemed to participate in the international chess game. They pasted the layout drawings of the hold and deck (1: 100) on the wooden board, and the cargos were scaled down to a cardboard model, which was repeatedly combined. This special chess was played hundreds of times...<br />
<br />
代理不知道,但他被科学说服了,于是开始装货。<br />
<br />
The agent didn't know, but he was persuaded by science, so he started loading up.<br />
<br />
The agent didn't know it, but he was persuaded by the science, so he started loading up.<br />
<br />
一号工头吉亚特是个有几十年工龄的行家里手,两撇小胡子,矮小而精明,极有本事又看不起中国人。“汉川号”的大副根本指挥不动他。<br />
<br />
Gyatt, a lead foreman, was an expert with decades of length of service. He was short and shrewd, with a moustache on his face, and despised Chinese people. The chief officer of Hanchuan couldn't command him at all.<br />
<br />
Gyatt, a lead foreman, was an expert with decades of length of service. He was short and shrewd, with a moustache on his face, and was very capable but despised Chinese people. The chief officer of "Hanchuan" couldn't command him at all.<br />
<br />
在装第三舱时,吉亚特自作主张将其中两个大件不按配载图装。贝汉廷接到 报告后匆匆赶到现场与他理论时,エ头满不在乎地拍着胸脯说:“我有把握!”<br />
<br />
When loading the third cabin, Gyatt took the initiative to load two large pieces without following the cargo plan. When Bei Hanting hurried to the scene to argue with him after receiving the report, he patted his chest carelessly and said, "I am sure!"<br />
<br />
When loading the third cabin, Gyatt took the initiative to load two large pieces without following the cargo plan. When Bei Hanting hurried to the scene to argue with him after receiving the report, the foreman patted his chest carelessly and said, "I am sure!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷再三劝阻他:“这样你会被动的。”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting repeatedly dissuaded him: "Then you will be in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting repeatedly dissuaded him: "Then you will be in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
吉亚特翘着小胡子说:“我从来没有被动过。”<br />
<br />
Gyatt said with his moustache cocking, "I have never been in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
Gyatt said with his moustache cocking, "I have never been in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
“如果最后装不下,由你重装,误エ误期一切损失由你负责。”<br />
<br />
"If it can't be installed in the end, you will reload them, and you will be responsible for all the losses caused by the delay."<br />
<br />
"If it can't be put in the ship in the end, you will reload them, and you will be responsible for all the losses caused by the delay."<br />
<br />
“那是自然。”吉亚特说。<br />
<br />
"Of course." Gyatt said.<br />
<br />
"Of course." Gyatt said.<br />
<br />
一天过去了,两天过去了,第三天吉亚特满头大汗地来找贝汉廷:果然,ー个 16米的大件放不下去了,硬放下去也关不上舱盖,而不关舱盖是不能启航的,何况舱盖上早已计划好了配载别的货物呢！贝汉廷早已有话在先,这一下,骄傲的工头可卡了壳啦!支部动员了全船的技术力量,重新修正部分配载,在中德两国工人的 共同努力下,最后把一个大件的包装木箱锯掉了一个角,用四个铲车斜着铲了进去,稳稳当当地盖上了舱盖。在场的工人都拍手称好,大叫“精彩”。小胡子吉亚特摊开双手,耸了耸肩说：“太奇妙了 !这些货简直是按你们船舱的尺码定做的!”从此他客气得不得了,工人装货尺寸稍有出入,他立即纠正说：“不,不,请按配载图!”<br />
<br />
One day passed. Two days passed. And on the third day, Gyatt, sweating profusely, came to Bei Hanting. Without doubt, a 16-meter-long piece could not be put down, and the hatch cover could not be closed if it was put down forcefully, and it was impossible to set sail without closing the hatch cover, not to mention that other goods had already been planned on the hatch cover! Bei Hanting had already said something first, so the proud foreman was in a dilemma! The branch mobilized the technical force of the whole ship and revised part of the stowage. With the joint efforts of Chinese and German workers, it finally sawed off a corner of a large packing wooden box, shoveled it in obliquely with four forklifts, and covered the hatch cover firmly. All the workers on the scene clapped their hands and shouted "wonderful". Moustache Gyatt spread out his hands, shrugged his shoulders and said, "It's fantastic! These goods are simply customized according to the size of your cabin!" From then on, he was extremely polite, and when the loading conducted by workers was different, he immediately corrected and said, "No, no, please load according to the cargo plan!"<br />
<br />
One day passed, two days passed, and on the third day, Gyatt, sweating profusely, came to Bei Hanting. Without doubt, a 16-meter-long piece could not be put down, and the hatch cover could not be closed if it was put down forcefully, and it was impossible to set sail without closing the hatch cover, not to mention that other goods had already been planned on the hatch cover! Bei Hanting had already said something first, so the proud foreman was in a dilemma! The branch mobilized the technical force of the whole ship and revised parts of the stowage. With the joint efforts of Chinese and German workers, a corner of a large packing wooden box was finally sawed off, shoveled in obliquely with four forklifts, and the hatch cover was firmly covered. All the workers on the scene clapped their hands and shouted "wonderful". Moustache Gyatt spread out his hands, shrugged his shoulders and said, "It's fantastic! These goods are simply customized according to the size of your cabin!" From then on, he was extremely polite, and when the loading conducted by workers was different, he immediately corrected and said, "No, no, please load according to the cargo plan!"<br />
<br />
货装妥了。代理等人纷纷上船祝贺,一致说：“像这样的货,我们德国有经验的 老水手也绑不好,何况贵船海员多是新手。这么娇贵的货,弄坏一件可不得了哇!这船货,你们公司发财了,光运费就200多万外汇。花几个绑扎费也值得。”<br />
<br />
After the goods had been loaded, agents and others boarded the ship to congratulate one after another, and unanimously said, "We experienced old sailors in Germany can't tie goods like this, not to mention that most sailors on your ship are novices. It's terrible to break one of such delicate goods! With this cargo, your company has made a fortune, and the freight alone is more than 2 million foreign exchanges. It is worthwhile to spend more binding fees."<br />
<br />
After the goods had been loaded, agents and others boarded the ship to congratulate one after another, and unanimously said, "Our experienced old sailors in Germany can't tie goods like this, not to mention that most sailors on your ship are novices. It's terrible to break one of such delicate goods! With this cargo, your company has made a fortune, and the freight alone is more than 2 million foreign exchanges. It is worthwhile to spend the binding fees."<br />
<br />
但是,“汉川号”仍然决定自己来绑扎:一是自己绑的货心中有数,便于途中检查;二是我国远洋事业在飞速发展,正好借此锤炼海员;三呢,绑扎费用要好几万马克,船员们舍不得。于是ー场绑扎大战开始了。<br />
<br />
However, workers in the Hanchuan still decided to bind themselves. First, the goods tied by themselves are familiar for them, which is convenient for inspection on the way; Second, China's ocean-going industry is developing rapidly, so it’s a good chance for seafarers; Third, the binding fees is tens of thousands DM, and the crew are short of cash. So a binding war began.<br />
<br />
However, workers in the "Hanchuan" still decided to bind themselves. First, the goods tied by themselves are familiar for them, which is convenient for inspection on the way; Second, China's ocean-going industry is developing rapidly, so it’s a good chance for seafarers; Third, the binding fees is tens of thousands DM, and the crew are short of cash. So a binding war began.<br />
<br />
有的同志背拉着50多米的钢丝绳爬上了6米高的圆锅炉;有的钻到货物下面仰身安装克莱姆;有的在装得满满的、侧身难行的货物间来回运送绑扎材料;有的用墨线一一记下货物位置,以便在风浪中随时检查有无移位……手勒肿了,不哼一声;人累瘦了,不肯休息;年轻的小泮磕掉了门牙也在所不惜。这一切的一切,都是为了在“四化”的储蓄罐里投下一枚枚外汇!<br />
<br />
Some workers climbed the 6-meter-high round boiler with more than 50 meters of wire rope on their backs; Some squeezed through the goods and installed Clem by laying upon their backs; Some transported binding materials back and forth between full goods that were difficult for people to walk sideways; Some used ink lines to write down the position of the goods so as to check whether there was displacement at any time in the wind and waves... Although their hands were swollen, they didn’t complain ; Although they lost weight because of tiredness, they refused to rest. Young Pan knocked out his front teeth for binding regardless of the cost. All this was to cast foreign exchanges in the piggy bank of the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
Some workers climbed the 6-meter-high round boiler with more than 50 meters of wire rope on their backs; Some squeezed through the goods and installed Clem by laying upon their backs; Some transported binding materials back and forth between full goods that were difficult for people to walk sideways; Some used ink lines to write down the position of the goods so as to check whether there was displacement at any time in the wind and waves... Although their hands were swollen, they didn’t complain; Although they lost weight because of tiredness, they refused to rest. Young Pan knocked out his front teeth for binding regardless of the cost. All of these were to cast foreign exchanges in the piggy bank of the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
绑扎前验货师曾再三威胁说:绑扎不合格绝不发证书。第一天,贝船长陪他检验一遭,共同找出了几处毛病,他摇了摇头,大不以为然。但是,从第二天起,他就再也找不出毛病了。第三天,他竟然未等绑扎完毕就开来了检货证明,并且声称他已不必再到船上来了,因为贝船长的要求比他更严格。他说:“这样的绑法在海上 船摇三四十度也不会出问题,我相信我的眼睛。”<br />
<br />
Before binding, the inspector repeatedly stressed that the certificate would never be issued if the binding was unqualified. On the first day, Master Bei accompanied him to inspect and found out several problems together. He shook his head and disagreed. However, from the next day, he couldn't find anything wrong. On the third day, he sent the inspection certificate before the binding was finished, and claimed that he didn't have to come to the ship again because Captain Bai was more strict. He said: "This binding method will not cause problems even when the ship tilts 30 or 40 degrees at sea. I believe my eyes."<br />
<br />
Before binding, the cargo surveyor repeatedly stressed that the certificate would never be issued if the binding was unqualified. On the first day, Master Bei accompanied him to inspect and found out several problems together. He shook his head and disagreed. However, the next day, he couldn't find anything wrong. On the third day, he sent the inspection certificate before the binding was finished, and claimed that he didn't have to come to the ship again because Captain Bai was more strict. He said: "This binding method will not cause problems even when the ship tilts 30 or 40 degrees on the sea. I believe my eyes."<br />
<br />
“汉川号”就是这样引起了汉堡港的变奏,为我国的海员,为我们的祖国争得了荣誉。<br />
<br />
This is how the Hanchuan caused the variation of the Port of Hamburg, and won honor for our seafarers and our motherland.<br />
<br />
This was how the "Hanchuan" caused the variations of the Port of Hamburg, and won the honor for our seafarers and our motherland.<br />
<br />
于是就来到了 4月的那个明媚的星期天。在妇女和孩子的欢呼声中,那个交通小艇坐得满满的,绕着“汉川号”转,为的是让行家的眼睛记下“汉川号”甲板配 载的各个角度。他们不断地发出赞叹之声,好像着迷的观众围在舞台四周对心爱的艺术家喝彩一样。<br />
<br />
So it came to the bright Sunday in April. Amid the cheers of women and children, the traffic boat was full and turned around the Hanchuan, so that the experts could remember the various angles of the deck stowage of the Hanchuan. They kept making sounds of admiration, as if fascinated audience gathered around the stage to cheer for their beloved artists.<br />
<br />
So it came to the bright Sunday in April. Amid the cheers of women and children, the traffic boat was full and turned around the Hanchuan, so that the experts could remember the various angles of the deck stowage of the Hanchuan. They kept making sounds of admiration, as if fascinated audience gathered around the stage to cheer for their beloved artists.<br />
<br />
而引起如此轰动的“汉川号”船长贝汉廷不但没有频频谢幕,反而连面也没露,他满头大汗地躲在船舱里和政委、大副们ー起商量怎样婉谢一定要上船拍照的报社和电视台的记者。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, the master of the Hanchuan, who caused such a sensation, not only did not show his gratitude frequently, but did not even appear. He hid in the cabin sweating profusely and discussed with the secretary of the commissars and chief officer how to decline the reporters of newspapers and TV stations who must take pictures on board.<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, the master of the "Hanchuan", who caused such a sensation, not only did not show his gratitude frequently, but did not even appear. He hid in the cabin sweating profusely and discussed with the secretary of the commissars and chief officers how to decline the reporters of newspapers and TV stations who must take pictures on board.<br />
<br />
“今天想起来,是多么愚蠢啊!拒绝人家给我们免费宣传。”贝汉廷笑着对我说可那会儿,思想就是没解放嘛!当然,后来在我们离港时,他们还是从雷达站上进行了拍照,而且登在报上说:‘这是汉堡港ー百多年没有过的……’”<br />
<br />
"How stupid it is to think of it today! Refuse them to promote us for free." Bei Hanting said to me with a smile, “but at that time, we don’t emancipate the mind! When we left the port later, however, they took photos from the radar station and published them in the newspaper, saying, ‘This is not seen in the Port of Hamburg for more than 100 years...' "<br />
<br />
"How stupid it was to think of it today! Refused them to promote us for free." Bei Hanting said to me with a smile, “but at that time, we didn’t emancipate the mind! When we left the port later, they still took photos from the radar station and published them in the newspaper, saying, ‘This is not seen in the Port of Hamburg for more than 100 years...' "<br />
<br />
他挥挥手,不肯说那些赞美之词,怎么也不肯。<br />
<br />
He waved his hand and refused to say those compliments, not at all.<br />
<br />
He waved his hand and refused to say those compliments, not at all.<br />
<br />
从南市来的孩子<br />
<br />
Children from Nanshi District<br />
<br />
Children from Nanshi District<br />
<br />
人们说:搞远洋航行的人,应该像大海一样渊博,应该既是航海家,又是科学家,还是艺术家……<br />
<br />
People say that those who sail in the ocean should be as knowledgeable as the sea, and should be navigators, scientists and artists...<br />
<br />
People say that those who sail in the ocean should be as knowledgeable as the sea, and should be navigators, scientists and artists...<br />
<br />
在没有见到贝汉廷时,我曾猜测过他的相貌。见了面之后,我觉得他——也像,也不像。像,他确实有点科学家的味道,讲起话来有根有据,像计算机一样精确,又像水银一样灵敏。不像嘛,那么小小的个子,穿着一件破衬衫、一条短裤（据说要一直穿到下雪）,待人彬彬有礼,哪里像个威严的船长呢!<br />
<br />
Before I saw Bei Hanting, I guessed his appearance. After meeting him, I think he is like a scientist, and is not like a scientist. For the former one, he does have the temperament of a scientist. His words hold water and are as accurate as a computer and as sensitive as mercury. For the latter one, he is such a small man, wearing a broken shirt and shorts (which are said to be worn until it snows), and is polite to others, which has no relationship with a master living in dignity!<br />
<br />
Before I saw Bei Hanting, I guessed his appearance. After meeting him, I think he is like a scientist, and is not like a scientist. For the former one, he does have the temperament of the scientist. His words hold water and are as accurate as a computer and as sensitive as mercury. For the latter one, he is such a small man, wearing a broken shirt and shorts (which are said to be worn until it snows), and is polite to others, which has no relationship with a master living in dignity!<br />
<br />
我知道他受过很好的教育,是老交通大学航海系的学生,是我们最早的几艘远洋轮的船长之一,有很丰富的航海知识,能说很流利的英语,但他是怎样,又是为什么走向大海的呢?<br />
<br />
I know that he is highly educated, and a student of the navigation department of the old Shanghai Jiao Tong University, as he is one of the captains of our earliest ocean-going ships. He has rich navigation knowledge and can speak fluent English. But how and why did he go to the sea?<br />
<br />
“我生在上海,从小在南市长大。南市,晓得吗?”<br />
<br />
"I was born in Shanghai and grew up in Nanshi. Do you know it?"<br />
<br />
南市吗?晓得的。那是共和国成立前上海比较贫困的商业区。小商小贩很多,文化比较落后……随着他的叙述,我想起了那里泥泞的街道,狭窄的店铺,流里流气的白相人,还有衣衫褴褛、面有菜色的黄包车夫和苦力……<br />
<br />
Nanshi? I know. It was a poor business district in Shanghai before the founding of the People’s Republic of China. There were many small business hawkers, and the culture was relatively backward... With his narration, I think of muddy streets, narrow shops, frivolous white people, peaky rickshaw drivers and coolies with rags...<br />
<br />
“我最小,哥哥姐姐都只上过ー两年小学。后来哥哥做工了,他拼命要让我上学,为这,母亲十分不愿意呢!小学毕业了,在南市就不得了啦,还要上中学!亲戚 朋友都没听说过。可是哥哥坚持,他后来在一个研究院工作,看见过科学家,他认定了科学和文化会给人光明。他一定要让我考中学,而且必须考有名的上海中学。”于是这个从南市来的瘦小而机灵的孩子就这样跨进了中学的大门。上海中学当时是大名鼎鼎的,来上学的多是书香门第和名流的子女。这些孩子学习基础好, 文化素养高。小贝汉廷是多么惊奇地看着有的同学大笔一挥就写出那样优美的作文,老师拿来就在全班朗读。他又是那样羡慕那些数学动不动就拿120分、年年考第一的同学。但是他,贝汉廷,惊奇而不泄气,羡慕而不妒忌。因为哥哥告诉他:身边老有需要追赶的人,就好像道路上老有遥远的路标。它永远召唤你,提醒你——人,是有潜力的,有使你自己都惊奇的潜力呢！于是,小贝汉廷ー步步地追赶着,后来简直是奔跑起来了。<br />
<br />
"I am the youngest, and my brother and sister have only attended primary school for one or two years. Later, my brother find a job, and he tried his best to let me go to school. For this, my mother was very reluctant! The graduation from a primary school is a big deal in Nanshi, and I will go to middle school! No relatives or friends have heard of it. But my brother insist that, because he later work in a research institute and saw scientists. He believe that science and culture would give people a bright future. He must let me take an examination of middle school, and the examination of famous middle schools in Shanghai." So this thin and clever child from Nanshi stepped into the gate of middle school. Shanghai Middle School was famous at that time, and most of the students who came to it were children of scholarly families and celebrities. These children have a good learning foundation and high cultural accomplishment. Little Bei Hanting was surprised to see some students write such beautiful compositions, and the teacher took them to read aloud in the whole class. He really admired those students who easily got 120 points in mathematics and got the first place in the exam every year. But he, Bei Hanting, was surprised but not discouraged, envious but not jealous. Because his brother told him: There are always people around who need to catch up, just like there are always distant road signs on the road. They will always call you and remind you that people have potential, and the potential will even surprise yourself! So he chased them step by step, and then he ran to catch up with them.<br />
<br />
到了高中,学校分理、工、商科了。妈妈多么希望自己的小儿子能去学商啊！上海中学的商科,各大写字间都抢着要呢。ー个从南市来的孩子能坐进任何一个写字间都是难以想象的幸福啊!因为那就意味着温饱解决了。<br />
<br />
In high school, there were science, engineering and business. How a mother wished her little son could study business! Students learning business in Shanghai Middle School were needed in many office buildings. It was unimaginable happiness for a child from Nanshi to sit in any office building! Because that meant he was free from the worries of food and clothing.<br />
<br />
但小贝汉廷又一次违背了母亲的意愿,毅然地选择了理科。因为奔跑得越快, 视野就越开阔,知识给人以信心和力量。为什么飞机会飞、火车会跑?为什么瓦特要追求蒸汽机,哥伦布要寻找新大陆?为什么李斯特的《革命挽歌》那样悲怆,契诃夫的《海鸥》忧郁得那样令人窒息,而高尔基的《母亲》却又那样的有力?原来世界上除了老板和学徒、掠夺者和奴才之外还有一种人,这种人不断地追求光明,使人类摆脱愚昧,为生活插上彩色的翅膀,给历史创造奇迹……<br />
<br />
But Little Bei Hanting once again went against his mother's wishes and resolutely chose science. Because the faster you run, the wider your vision is, and knowledge gives people confidence and strength. Why do planes fly and trains run? Why did Watt pursue the steam engine and Columbus seek the New World? Why is Liszt's Revolutionary Elegy so sad, Chekhov's The Seagull so suffocating, and Gorky's Mother so powerful? It turns out that in addition to bosses and apprentices, predators and slaves, there is another kind of person in the world, who constantly pursues light, makes human beings get rid of ignorance, inserts colorful wings for life, and creates miracles for history...<br />
<br />
世界因有这样的人而更加美好,人类因有这样的创造性劳动者而拉开了和低级动物的距离。小贝汉廷是多么希望也成为这样的人啊!既然生活还有另ー个 界,他就要顽强地向那里迈步,拼了命也要飞跃到那里……<br />
<br />
The world is better because of such people, and there are differences between human beings and animals because of such creative workers. How little Bei Hanting wished to be such a person! Since there is another realm in life, he will go there tenaciously and run to there at any cost...<br />
<br />
是的,生活和感情都是有不同的境界的,而攀登的每ー步都要付出汗水、心血和力气。小贝汉廷那时是多么恨他的英文老师啊,每星期要背ー课（不是读,而是背）,那么一年就要背52课,真是头也背晕了。可是一年、两年、三年过去,等他能直接阅读莎士比亚和惠特曼时,生活在他面前又展示了一个多么瑰丽的天地……<br />
<br />
Yes, life and feelings have different realms, and every step of going forward requires sweat, painstaking efforts and strength. How much Little Bei Hanting hated his English teacher at that time. He had to recite a lesson every week (not reading, but reciting), so he had to recite 52 lessons a year, which was really dizzy. But after one year, two years and three years, life showed him what a magnificent world when he can read Shakespeare and Whitman directly...<br />
<br />
而到了现在,当他能用流利的英语、法语在各个港口向外国友人表达中国人民 的情意,同德国人谈歌德、贝多芬、舒曼,同俄国人谈契诃夫、托尔斯泰、柴可夫斯基,同英国人谈拜伦、莎士比亚,同意大利人谈帕格尼尼……看着那些外国人的脸由淡漠变得凝重,由凝重转成钦佩,这个从南市来的孩子是多么高兴、多么满意。这时他是多么感激他的老师,又多么怀念那些顽强攀登的艰辛岁月啊!<br />
<br />
And now, when he can express the feelings of Chinese people to foreign friends in various ports in fluent English and French, talk to Germans about Goethe, Beethoven and Schumann, Russians about Chekhov, Tolstoy and Tchaikovsky, British about Byron and Shakespeare, Italians about Paganini... How happy and satisfied this child from Nanshi is to watch those foreigners' faces change from indifference to dignified and to admiration. At this time, how grateful he was to his teachers and how he missed those hard times of going forward tenaciously!<br />
<br />
吐血的水手<br />
<br />
A Sailor Vomiting Blood<br />
<br />
俄国一代名将苏沃洛夫有一句名言:“不想当将军的士兵不是好士兵。”我们的船长贝汉廷有一句与他互为表里的大实话:“没有了水手的船长就不是船长。”<br />
<br />
Suvorov, a famous Russian Generalissimo, had a famous saying: "A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier." Our captain Bei Hanting had a similar sentence: "A captain who doesn’t have sailors is not a captain."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷是尊重水手、懂得水手的。他也是从一个水手开始他的海上生活的。当他在东北那艘小泵泵船上实习时,他不但领略了东北零下四十摄氏度那凛冽的严寒,也深切感受到伟大祖国那彻骨的贫寒……<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting respected and understood sailors. He also started his life at sea as a sailor. When he was an intern on a small “pump boat” in Northeast China, he not only experienced the cold of minus 40 degrees Celsius in Northeast China, but also deeply felt the poverty of the great motherland...<br />
<br />
上海临近解放,这一百多个航海系的学生迅速分化了:有钱有势的去了美国等地。大部分穷学生在隆隆的炮声中最关心的一件事就是跑到外滩,看看可还有船, 如果没有了船,他们可怎么办啊!<br />
<br />
When liberation in Shanghai was around the corner, more than 100 students in the navigation department were rapidly divided: rich and powerful one have gone to the United States and other places. The biggest concern for most of the poor students in the rumbling sound of guns was to run to the Bund and see if there was a boat. If there was no boat, what can they do!<br />
<br />
而外滩,那熟悉的、桅杆林立的外滩,果真是一片寂静。滔滔的流水映着空空的蓝天,国民党把所有的船都迫驶去运送“撤退”人员和物资,把不能行驶的船都炸沉了。<br />
<br />
And the Bund, the familiar Bund with many ships, was really silent. The surging water reflects the blue sky. Kuomintang forced all the ships to transport "evacuated" personnel and materials, and sank all the ships that could not sail.<br />
<br />
什么都没有留下啊,留下的只是毁灭性的灾难……<br />
<br />
Nothing was left behind, only a devastating disaster...<br />
<br />
有的同学改了行,而贝汉廷上了东北这艘小泵泵船。<br />
<br />
Some students changed their careers, but Bei Hanting got on this small “pump boat” in Northeast China.<br />
<br />
为什么叫泵泵船呢?因为一共不到一百吨,蒸汽机整天泵泵、泵泵地响着,一条小船上只有六个人,还是条漏水的船。每天吃的是咸菜、高粱米,却要日夜轮班用水泵把漏进来的水从船上抽出去。海上的风浪是颠簸的,贝汉廷先是吐食物,后是吐白沫,继而吐苦胆水,最后吐血,但他一边和同志们面对面地、一下一下啪嗒、 啪嗒地压着水泵,一边吐了吃、吃了吐地延续着自己的生命,并把生命交给船……<br />
<br />
Why was it called a pump boat? Because it was less than 100 tons in total, the steam engine sounded all day like a pump. There were only six people in a small boat, which was still leaking. They ate pickles and sorghum rice every day, but they had to pump the leaked water from the boat in shifts day and night. The boat flipped because of terrible wind and waves. Bei Hanting first spitted food, then foams at the mouth, then bile, and finally vomited blood. However, he and his partners pumped water out of the boat again and again, while vomiting, eating and spitting to extend their life, and giving it to the boat...<br />
<br />
“是日本人吧?”<br />
<br />
"You are a Japanese, right?"<br />
<br />
大地回春,乍暖还寒。新中国大规模的建设开始了。贝汉廷开始到一艘大船上当实习二副了。船长是个老派的船长,十分严格,每天板着面孔,不苟言笑,穿一身笔挺的制服,右手捏着一副雪白的手套。无论多么大的风雪,见习生也只许站在驾驶台外巡视海面,不许拿望远镜,又不许漏掉一个目标,否则就骂得你狗血喷头。姿势嘛!必须按照条例,手绝对不许插在兜里。零下二十摄氏度也不许吗？是的,不许!零下三十摄氏度呢？也不许!<br />
<br />
Spring returned with temperatures fluctuating between warm and cold. The large-scale construction of the People’s Republic of China began. Bei Hanting began to work as an intern Senior Officer on a big ship. The captain is old-school, strict, and discreet with a straight face every day. He was immaculately dressed with a pair of white gloves in his right hand. No matter how heavy the wind and snow were, trainees were only allowed to stand outside the bridge and patrol the sea. They were not allowed to take binoculars, and miss any targets, otherwise the captain would scold you. As for posture, you must never put your hands in your pockets, according to the regulations. Was it not allowed to do this below minus 20 degrees Celsius? Yes! What about minus 30 degrees Celsius? Nor was it allowed!<br />
<br />
冬季里只穿一条单裤的贝汉廷有一次实在受不住啦,回头看看没人,刚悄悄把手放进兜里暖暖,后边啪的一脚就踢过来了。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, who only wore a pair of trousers in winter, once couldn't stand it. Finding no one was in the back, he quietly put his hands in his pocket to warm up, and then the captain kicked his feet behind him.<br />
<br />
“打人当然是不对的。”贝汉廷笑着说,“可我也真从他那里受到了严格的训练,学会了一丝不苟。”<br />
<br />
"It is certainly wrong to beat people." Bei Hanting said with a smile, "But I really got strict training from him and learned to be meticulous."<br />
<br />
俗话说“严师出高徒”,而严师也多半是爱高徒的。那个老船长从来没正眼看过贝汉廷一眼,但在挑选二副时,他点名要贝汉廷。他遭到了反对,但他力排众议：“贝汉廷。”又是一阵反对的浪潮。他却仍然是三个字:“贝汉廷!”<br />
<br />
As the saying goes, "A strict teacher nurtures a high-level apprentice", and a strict teacher mostly loves a high-level apprentice. The old captain never paid attention to Bei Hanting, but when selecting the Senior Officer, he named Bei Hanting. He was opposed, but he tried hard to refute and eliminate opposing opinions to maintain his stance: "Bei Hanting." It was another wave of opposition. He still said that name: "Bei Hanting!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷就这样当上了二副,然后就来到了广远公司,开始了远洋航行的那一天。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting became the Senior Officer in this way, and then came to Guangyuan Company and started the ocean voyage.<br />
<br />
当船长的幸福贝汉廷今天已记不清了。他记得最清楚的却是当船长的痛苦, 那就是:只要他在海外显示出一点文化教养和科学水平,外国人就要问他:“是日本人吧?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting has lost count of the happiness of being a captain today. What he remembers most clearly is the pain of being a captain, that is, as long as he shows a little educational background and scientific knowledge overseas, foreigners will ask him: "You are a Japanese, right?"<br />
<br />
有一次,在鹿特丹港,一个领港员因为船上一水是中国人而有意刁难,把舵令用英语说得又快又流利,贝汉廷就迎上去和他用英语对话。领港改用法语,贝汉廷也改用法语,然后有意识地用意大利语和西班牙语向领港员问话。<br />
<br />
On one occasion, in Port of Rotterdam, a pilot deliberately created difficulties because the able seaman (AB) on board was Chinese. He spoke rudder orders quickly and fluently in English, so Bei Hanting talked with him in English. The pilot changed to French, Bei Hanting also changed to French, and then he consciously questioned the pilot in Italian and Spanish.<br />
<br />
这个领港员回答不上来了,却说：“你的一水不行。”<br />
<br />
The pilot couldn't answer, so he said, "Your able seaman is not good."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷装没听见,他连说三次,贝汉廷火了,说：“你怎么知道他不行?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting pretended not to hear. He said it three times in a row. Bei Hanting became angry and said, "How do you know he is not skilled?"<br />
<br />
“反应太慢。”<br />
<br />
"His reaction is too slow."<br />
<br />
“那是你没有必要地说得太快,舵令叫得不清楚。”<br />
<br />
"That's because you speak too fast, which is not necessary at all, so the rudder orders don't sound clear."<br />
<br />
“我要求你换人。”<br />
<br />
"I ask you to change your able seaman."<br />
<br />
“他是我船上最好的水手。”<br />
<br />
"He is the best sailor on my ship."<br />
<br />
“中国人没ー个操舵操得好的。”<br />
<br />
"All Chinese people don't steer well."<br />
<br />
“各国港口的领港员都说他好,只有你一个人说他不行。”<br />
<br />
"The pilots of ports in various countries say he is good, and you are the only one who says he can't do it."<br />
<br />
“我要求下船。”<br />
<br />
"I demand to disembark."<br />
<br />
“可以。三副!立即送他下去。拿来!”<br />
<br />
"Yes. Junior Officer! Send him down at once. Bring it!"<br />
<br />
“什么?”<br />
<br />
"What?"<br />
<br />
“你的派司。我要在你的引水单上注明,你是一个不合格的引水员,不能给船舶提供良好的协作,从此以后不欢迎你到任何一条中国船上领港。我很遗憾,但看来只好如此了,派司,请!”<br />
<br />
"Your pass. I want to indicate on your application for pilot that you are an unqualified pilot and can't collaborate well with ships. From now on, you are not welcome to pilot any Chinese ship. I'm sorry, but it seems that we have to do so. Your pass, please!"<br />
<br />
面对如此强硬的船长,那个领港员咕噜了几句,再也不响了。<br />
<br />
Facing such a tough master, the pilot muttered a few words and never did this again.<br />
<br />
船进了港口,贝汉廷签证了引水单,并没有加任何批注,那位傲慢的引水员十分感激;而那个被船长保护过来的一水,噙着泪水咬着牙,从此日夜念英文……（I changed 嚙 with 噙）<br />
<br />
When the ship entered the port, Bei Hanting signed the application for pilot without any comment, and the arrogant pilot was very grateful. For the able seaman protected by the captain, he bit the bullet and read English day and night after that...<br />
<br />
蓝色的梦<br />
<br />
Blue Dreams<br />
<br />
正当我国海员在全世界各个港口赢得尊敬,我国远洋事业蓬勃发展的时刻,“文化大革命”开始了。林彪、江青等人互相勾结,从文艺界杀出来,砸烂公检法之 后,开始有步骤、有计划地在各条战线夺权。<br />
<br />
Just when our seafarers won respect in various ports all over the world and our ocean-going business flourished, the Cultural Revolution began. Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and others colluded with each other, caused many deaths in literary and art circles, destroyed the public security inspection law, and began to seize power on all fronts step by step and in a planned way.<br />
<br />
贝汉廷在休假中突然被通知到广州集合。他以海员的速度按时到达,去接受新的任务。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was suddenly informed to gather in Guangzhou during his vacation. He arrived on time at the speed of seafarers to accept new tasks.<br />
<br />
但是,并没有任务,却让他进了学习班。<br />
<br />
However, there was no task. He was forced to attend classes learning the Maoism.<br />
<br />
学习班都是熟人,我国开创远洋事业的不少老船长、老大副都来了。老朋友久 别重逢,十分开心,各路兵马摩拳擦掌,准备大干ー场。可是一笑容慢慢冻结在脸上了。怎么?走路要排队,吃饭也要排队,寄信要请假,说话还有人监督……军宣队宣布全面接管,难道变成了国民党俘虏?<br />
<br />
There were all acquaintances in this class, like many old captains and Chief Officers who started the ocean-going business in China. Old friends were glad to meet again after a long separation, and they were gearing up for a big fight. But a smile slowly froze on their faces. What happened? You had to queue up when you walk, when you eat. You had to take a personal day off when you sent a letter, and there were people to supervise when you speak... The propaganda team promoting Maoism claimed that it will manage them. So, did they become Kuomintang’s captives?<br />
<br />
唉！贝汉廷哪里知道,林彪、“四人帮”的革命理论就是:越是有功越要整,越是有成绩越是修正主义。他们所谓的革命就是要革革过命的人的命。<br />
<br />
Alas! Bei Hanting didn’t know that the revolutionary theory of Lin Biao and the Gang of Four was that the more achievements you have, the more revisionism you have. What they called revolution was to kill those who had great contributions to our country.<br />
<br />
现在看来,真是比绕口令还绕口令!迷信、愚昧到了令人抬不起头的程度。但那时,贝汉廷也像中国大多数革命者一样,十分虔诚地检查自己的不足,俯首赎罪……<br />
<br />
Now, it seems that it is ironic! Superstition and ignorance have made people so embarrassed. But at that time, Bei Hanting, like most Chinese revolutionaries, examined his shortcomings very piously and bowed his head to atone for his sins...<br />
<br />
首先出来抵制的又是我们的总理。总理说:“如果我们开创远洋事业的骨干都修了,远洋事业的大好形势从哪里来的?”多么无可辩驳,多么义正词严!可是林彪、江青那一伙人哪里听总理的,总理正是他们要打倒的主要目标哩!<br />
<br />
It was our prime minister who came out to oppose first. The prime minister said: "If the backbone of our ocean-going business has been fired, how does the bright future of ocean-going business come from?" How irrefutable, how righteous! But Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and their gang members didn’t listen to the Prime Minister, because he was the main target they want to overthrow!<br />
<br />
于是读语录,谈话;谈话,读语录;逼供,诱供;进隔离室,出隔离室……从追“拍照”到“送情报”,最后发展到追他“里通外国”。本来嘛,搞远洋运输的还能不里通外国?<br />
<br />
So they had to read quotations and have a conversation with the propaganda team again and again; they had to experience forced confessions or be trapped to make a confession; they had to be isolated in a room... From Bei’s pictures in the radar station, they thought he gave intelligence to other countries, and finally they thought he conspired with foreign countries. Originally, can those who engage in ocean transportation not communicate with foreign countries?<br />
<br />
但世界上的事就是这么不可思议,事物的规律就是这样不可抗拒,他们纲上得越高,贝汉廷就越轻松,到追查里通外国的什么“照片”时,他早已从晕眩到清醒, 由虔诚而呼呼大睡起来了…… <br />
<br />
But things in the world were so strange, and the laws of things were so irresistible. The more they talked about politics, the easier it is for Bei Hanting. By the time they traced the photos of conspiring with foreign countries, he has already gone from dizziness to sobriety, and fell asleep from piety...<br />
<br />
总理毕竟是他们夺权不可逾越的障碍。就像文艺界的大批骨干被总理保护下来送到部队农场“改造”一样,远洋事业的这批骨干也被保护下来,送到航道局看航标、挖河泥去了。<br />
<br />
After all, the prime minister was an insurmountable obstacle to their seizure of power. Just as a large number of backbones in the literary and art circles were protected by the Prime Minister and sent to the army farm for the Down to the Countryside Movement, these backbones in the ocean-going business were also protected and sent to the Waterway Bureau to monitor navigation marks and dig river mud.<br />
<br />
挖河泥,上海人叫“闌河泥”,贝汉廷和他的伙伴们带着流血的心和解除隔离的欣慰,看起航标,罱起河泥来……（I changed 闌 with 罱）<br />
<br />
Digging (挖) river mud is called digging (罱) river mud by residents in Shanghai. Bei Hanting and his friends monitored navigation marks and dug river mud with bleeding hearts and relief from isolation...<br />
<br />
贝汉廷毕竟是贝汉廷,在看航标罱河泥的小船上当三副,专管伙食事务,仍然年年被评为先进。（I changed 闌 with 罱）<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, after all, was capable. He was the Junior Officer in the boat monitoring navigation marks and digging river mud, and was responsible for food affairs. And he was still rated as advanced Individual every year.<br />
<br />
他从来没过过这样清闲的日子,用他爱人的话说:结婚二十年,在家的日子加 起来ー共不到两年。现在,每天开开单据,报报账,下了班就可以回家,骑着脚踏 车,从路边上买点螃蟹鱼虾,晚上和妻子儿女ー起听听音乐……<br />
<br />
He has never lived such a leisurely life. In the words of his lover, he has been married for 20 years, but his days at home added up to less than two years. Now, he invoiced people and reported accounts every day. He can go home after work, ride a bicycle, buy some fish from the roadside, and listen to music with his wife and children at night...<br />
<br />
这在一般人看来是求之不得的幸福啊！可是,他哭了。这个从来没哭过的汉子,他哭了。<br />
<br />
This was a desirable happiness in the eyes of ordinary people! However, he cried. Before that, this man who has never cried.<br />
<br />
他哭了,不是因为邻居的眼色,这个从南市来的孩子从小见惯了各种各样冷漠和怀疑的眼色。<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the neighbors’ dirty looks. The boy from Nanshi was used to all kinds of indifferent and dubious looks.<br />
<br />
他哭了,不是因为路人的歧视,这个在各国港口为中国争取到荣誉的海员,有的是对付歧视的办法。<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the discrimination of passers-by. This seaman who won honor for China in ports of various countries had plenty of ways to deal with discrimination. <br />
<br />
他哭了,不是因为亲人们一妻子儿女,特别是哥哥,那个一心一意支持他走上这条路的哥哥的质问。虽然他们疑虑的视线在他心上织起了灰色的和有罪的雾似的迷网……<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the questioning of his relatives, his wife and children, especially his brother, who wholeheartedly supported him to be a seaman. Although their suspicious eyes woven a gray and guilty mist-like puzzle in his heart...<br />
<br />
但,他不是为这些哭的。他哭,是为了他的梦,他的蓝色的梦。<br />
<br />
But that's not why he cried. He cried for his dreams, his blue dreams.<br />
<br />
他是这样思念大海,他的梦也尽是蓝色的。当他坐在小船三副的办公桌前想起他的波涛汹涌的大海时,他心如刀绞。<br />
<br />
He missed the sea so much, and his dreams were all blue. When he sat at the desk of the Junior Officer of the boat and thought of his rough sea, his heart was torn out.<br />
<br />
他仍然喜欢独自在黄埔滩头倚栏沉思。每当他看见自己驾驶过的“桂林”“友好”“九江”号从他眼前驶过时,他的心狂跳,他像孩子ー样大哭了。他感到它们是那么的漂亮,真是美极了。在他当它们船长的时候,他从来没像今天看它们那样感到漂亮。而今天,当他被活活地从它们身上撕开,目送着它们仪态万方地姗姗远去时,他怎能不泪如雨下……<br />
<br />
He still liked to meditate alone on the beachhead of Huangpu. Whenever he saw the Guilin, the Friendship and Jiujiang he had driven passing by his eyes, his heart beat wildly and he cried like a child. He felt that they were so beautiful. When he was their captain, he never thought them so beautiful when he saw them today. Today, when he had to separate with them and watch them go away with great grace, how could he not burst into a flood of tears...<br />
<br />
他的泪水在羞辱的愤怒中干涸了。那是当他听见“四人帮”改朝换代后派出 的有的船员竟在外国人面前把“twelve”说成“ onetwo”的时候;是当他听说“四人帮”派出的“小兄弟”有失国体地在外国百货公司偷人一双袜子的时候;是知道那些打砸抢的“英雄”们竟在外国港口的垃圾箱里拾破烂的时候……<br />
<br />
His tears dried up in a rage that was triggered by humiliation. That was when he heard that some crew members sent by the Gang of Four after the regime change said "twelve" as "onetwo" to foreigners; It was when he heard that sidekicks sent by the Gang of Four stole a pair of socks from foreign department stores, which tarnished the honor of our country; It was when he knew that the "heroes" who smashed and looted actually picked up junk in garbage bins in foreign ports...<br />
<br />
愤怒把泪水烧干了,但蓝色的梦依然是蓝色的。他怀着钢铁的意志,钢铁的决心,他要回到大海上去。他会回到大海上去的!于是他咬着牙在自己的航海笔记的扉页上写下“勤笔密思”四个字。他重新挺起了胸,点燃了深夜的灯,通宵达旦地啃起《海上保险》《国际海商法》《海上救助》和各种国际航运法规、各国港口资料来了…… <br />
<br />
Anger burns tears dry, but blue dreams are still blue. Having nerves of steel, he wanted to go back to the sea. He will go back to the sea! So he gritted his teeth and wrote the words " Writing Diligently and Thinking Usually" on the title page of his sailing notes. He stood up again, lit the lights in the middle of the night, and read ''Marine Insurance'', ''International Maritime Law'', ''Maritime Rescue'' and various international shipping laws and regulations, and port information of various countries all night...<br />
<br />
伦敦港的友谊<br />
<br />
Friendship in the Port of London<br />
<br />
"Who is the captain?”<br />
<br />
"I 'm the master."<br />
<br />
他果然回到了大海,但这已是一个新的贝汉廷。<br />
<br />
He really returned to the sea, but this is a new Bei Hanting.<br />
<br />
如果说过去他只是一个业务熟练的船长,那么,今天他是一个满怀信心的主人。Master的含意在十年政治风暴的锤炼中,重心有了令人欣喜的转移,而这双重含意在他身上竟是如此和谐、统一。<br />
<br />
If he used to be just a skillful captain, today he is a confident master. The meaning of Master has been richer due to the political storm in the past ten years, and the focus has a happy shift, but the two meanings is so harmonious and unified in him.<br />
<br />
这里,我只想讲一个小故事,那就是——伦敦港的友谊。<br />
<br />
Here, I just want to tell a short story, that is, the friendship in the Port of London.<br />
<br />
有一次,“汉川号”配载200吨滑石粉到伦敦港卸货,途中收到了公司电报:伦敦港最近规定,不卸滑石粉。为什么?不知道,这是新规定。<br />
<br />
On one occasion, the Hanchuan loaded 200 tons of talcum powder to the Port of London for unloading, but received a telegram from the company on the way: the Port of London recently stipulated that talcum powder should not be unloaded. Why? They don't know. It's a new rule.<br />
<br />
公司远隔万里,可以不知道。但200吨滑石粉压在贝汉廷的冷藏舱盖上,舱里还有送到伦敦的各种冷冻货。滑石粉不让卸,别的货也取不出来,到前边中转,运费要超过货物本身的价值。贝汉廷决定,船仍直驶伦敦港。船一到港,他立即彬彬有礼地去拜访代理、卸货组长、工头、工人……摸清了不卸滑石粉的由来。原来是一个工人看报时偶然发现了一篇化学家署名的文章,分析滑石粉的结构,如此这般,这般如此,作用于人体,就要引起癌症。这个工人在他的工班一说,癌症,这还了得!几个工班一商议,向工会提出:从此不卸滑石粉。特别是中国的,因为包装不好,运输时又马虎,纸袋压得尽是裂缝,卸起来粉末飞扬,不要说卸,工人连手都不愿摸……<br />
<br />
The company was thousands of miles away, so it was reasonable. However, 200 tons of talcum powder was pressed on the cover of the refrigerated hatch, and there were various frozen goods sent to London in the hatch. Talcum powder was not allowed to be unloaded, and other goods can't be taken out. If you sail to the stopping point, the freight will exceed the value of the goods themselves. So, Bei Hanting decided that the ship would still go straight to the Port of London. As soon as the ship arrived in port, he courteously visited the agent, the unloading team leader, the foreman, workers... By doing so, he found out the reason of not unloading talcum powder. It turned out that a worker accidentally discovered an article signed by a chemist while reading a newspaper, analyzing the structure of talcum powder. If it acts on human body, it will cause cancer. The worker said this in his work class, which caused a great sensation! After several rounds of deliberation, it was proposed to the trade union that talcum powder should not be unloaded from now on. Especially that from China, because the packaging was not good, and the transportation was sloppy, the paper bags were full of cracks, so the powder would fly when unloaded. Workers were unwilling to touch it, not to mention unloading... <br />
<br />
啊!原来如此!贝汉廷立即请代理到船上做客。畅叙别情,举杯问候夫人健康,谈英国绘画的新发展,从背诵莎士比亚的片段谈到流行的扭摆舞对青年的影响……谈得十分融洽。代理告别时说:“在港口,有什么困难,只管找我。”贝汉廷长叹一声:“困难是有哇,可不能告诉别人。”代理马上伸过手来,与贝汉廷紧握: “绝不,到我为止。”<br />
<br />
Ah! That was the reason! Bei Hanting immediately invited an agent to be a guest on board. He talked freely, from greeting his wife's health, the new development of English painting, reciting Shakespeare's excerpts to the influence of popular twist dance on young people. When the agent left, he said "If you have any difficulties in the port, just ask me." Bei Hanting sighed: "There are difficulties, but you can't tell others." The agent immediately reached out and clasped his hands: "No, I will help you."<br />
<br />
“我带来了滑石粉。”<br />
<br />
"I brought talcum powder."<br />
<br />
“知道,不就200吨吗?”<br />
<br />
"I know. Isn't it just 200 tons?"<br />
<br />
“可我因为怕压坏,装在了冷藏舱盖上。”<br />
<br />
"But I put it on the refrigerated hatch cover because I am afraid of crushing it."<br />
<br />
“糟糕！这可怎么办?”<br />
<br />
"Oops! What can I do?"<br />
<br />
“我想和工头谈谈。”<br />
<br />
"I want to talk to the foreman."<br />
<br />
“交情深吗?不深——这样吧,我先和工会的负责人谈谈,请他来看你。”<br />
<br />
"Are you on intimate terms with him? No? Let me talk to the person in charge of the trade union first and ask him to come to see you."<br />
<br />
“我去拜访他!”<br />
<br />
"I'll visit him!"<br />
<br />
工会的负责人把头摇得像拨浪鼓一样:“这是工人的权利,工会坚决支持。”<br />
<br />
The head of the trade union shook his head like a rattle: "This is the right of workers, and the trade union firmly supports it."<br />
<br />
“别的港口都没这项规定呢!”<br />
<br />
"There is no such rule in other ports!"<br />
<br />
“本港对工人劳动保护特别注意。”<br />
<br />
"Our port pays special attention to the labor protection of workers."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷承认确实如此,并且列举了伦敦港工会的种种成绩。他是那样如数家珍,说得工会负责人心里热乎乎的,至于卸滑石粉的劳动保护吗,“汉川号”愿意提供一切条件,口罩、面具……工会负责人说:“那么……也许……我试ー试!”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting admitted that and listed the achievements of the Trade Union of the Port of London. He was so familiar with these achievements that the person in charge of the trade union was touched. As for the labor protection for unloading talcum powder, workers in the Hanchuan were willing to provide all equipment, like masks and respirators... He said: "Then... maybe... I will try!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“只要先生愿意帮忙,一定成功。先生知道伦敦的商人为什么远程购买滑石粉吗?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "As long as you is willing to help, you will succeed. Do you know why businessmen in London buy talcum powder remotely?"<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“因为我国青岛出产的滑石粉质量好,包装也好。我又装在舱盖上,一点没有破裂……先生知道滑石粉是做什么的吗?是做化妆品的。香粉,脂粉,高级化妆品呀！贵国的妇女那么美丽,从古到今都擦粉,但她们是多么健康!”<br />
<br />
"Because the talcum powder produced in Qingdao has good quality and good packaging. And I put it on the hatch cover, so it doesn’t break at all... Do you know what talcum powder is made for, sir? It can make cosmetics. Rouge and powder are high-grade cosmetics! Women in your country are so beautiful because they use this products from ancient times to the present, but how healthy they are!"<br />
<br />
工会负责人紧板的面孔开始有了一丝笑意。<br />
<br />
The tight expression of the head of the trade union changed, and he cracked a smile.<br />
<br />
“贵国亲友相会,都有接吻的习惯。算算,你们一天要接触多少香粉——多少滑石粉,而你们又是多么健康！”<br />
<br />
"When friends and relatives meet in your country, they all have the habit of kissing. Think about it. How much fragrant powder and talcum powder you need to touch every day. But how healthy you are!"<br />
<br />
“哈哈……”在场的人不由得都哈哈大笑了。<br />
<br />
"Haha..." All the people on the scene couldn't help laughing.<br />
<br />
“那么,允许我去找工人们谈谈?”贝汉廷说。<br />
<br />
"So, do you allow me to talk to the workers?" Bei Hanting asked.<br />
<br />
“不,我去,还是我去好。”工会负责人匆匆走了。<br />
<br />
"No, I'll go. It’s better if I talk to them." The head of the union hurried away.<br />
<br />
贝汉廷提心吊胆地从窗口望着甲板,看见工会负责人到工人群中拍肩打膀地说着,说着……突然,从工人中爆发出那样舒心的大笑,他们简直笑得前仰后合了。贝汉廷这一颗心才落到了胸膛里。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting looked at the deck from the window nervously, and saw the head of the trade union clapping others’ shoulders and talking among the workers... Suddenly, such a comfortable laughter broke out from the workers, and they almost laughed their heads off. Seeing this, Bei Hanting was at ease.<br />
<br />
代理对他跷起大拇指:“真行啊,Captain贝!”<br />
<br />
The agent gave him a thumbs up: "Really good, Captain Bei!"<br />
<br />
他说:“全靠你们老朋友。”<br />
<br />
He said, "It's all up to your old friends."<br />
<br />
“为什么你还不高兴?”<br />
<br />
"Why are you still unhappy?"<br />
<br />
“我还有事求你帮忙,又不好开口。”<br />
<br />
"I still have something to ask you for help, and it is difficult to speak."<br />
<br />
“说!”<br />
<br />
"Just say it!"<br />
<br />
“我们还有好多艘船都载着滑石粉呢!”<br />
<br />
"We still have many ships carrying talcum powder!"<br />
<br />
代理双手齐摇:“就你这一船,我的脑袋差点没裂开。”<br />
<br />
The agent waved his hands: "Even if there is only one ship with talcum powder, my head almost crack."<br />
<br />
“但道理不是一样吗?”<br />
<br />
"But it makes sense for all ships."<br />
<br />
“你何必管别人的船呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why do you care about other people's ships?"<br />
<br />
“因为都挂着五星红旗呀!”<br />
<br />
"Because they all hang the National Flag of the People's Republic of China!"<br />
<br />
代理挠挠头:“那……我去试试。”<br />
<br />
The agent scratched his head: "Then... I'll try it."<br />
<br />
“一定成功,英国工人是最讲道理的。”<br />
<br />
"It must be successful. British workers are the most reasonable."<br />
<br />
经过反复磋商,终于成功了。从此,凡是挂着五星红旗船上的滑石粉,只要包装不破,伦敦港一律管卸。<br />
<br />
After repeated consultations, it finally succeeded. From then on, all talcum powder on ships with the National Flag of the People's Republic of China will be unloaded in the Port of London as long as the packaging is not broken.<br />
<br />
我在这里不想叙述因此每条船每个航次为国家节约了多少外汇,因为读者们比我算得更清楚,那是数以万计十万计……我只想说:十年的政治风浪怎样使贝汉廷完成了从一个船长到一个主人的飞跃。因为他时时想着我们的人民——在各条战线上的每个主人十年沉思的伟大力量。正是它,在推动他不断地向前,向前……<br />
<br />
I don't want to describe how much foreign exchange has been saved for the country by each ship and voyage, because readers know better than me. That is more than tens of thousands... I just want to say: How did Bei Hanting make a leap from a captain to a master after ten years of political storms. Because he always thinks about our people. This is the great power of ten years' meditation of every master on all fronts. It is this power that pushes him forward...<br />
<br />
“邓小平式的船长”<br />
<br />
"A Deng Xiaoping-style Captain"<br />
<br />
中美建交,邓小平同志访问美国引起了巨大的轰动。<br />
<br />
When the diplomatic relations between China and the United States was established, Comrade Deng Xiaoping's visit to the United States caused a great sensation.<br />
<br />
中美航线打通了。好钢用在刀刃上,公司把首航美国的任务交给了贝汉廷,把他调到“柳林海号”。<br />
<br />
The Sino-US air route has been developed. Just like good steel should be used to make blades, talents should also be dispatched to do indispensable things. So the company gave Bei Hanting the task of sailing across the United States the first time and transferred him to the LIULINHAI.<br />
<br />
但在“汉川号”的航线上,几乎各个港口都打听Captarn贝。有的转达港口的问候,有的诉说朋友的思念,有的跷起大拇指,有的说:“你们中国的船长都像他就好了。”<br />
<br />
However, on the route of the Hanchuan, almost people in every port inquired about Captarn Bei. Some conveyed greetings from the port; some told friends' longing for him; some raised their thumbs, and some said, "I wish you Chinese captains are like him."<br />
<br />
“汉川号”实习船长、大副甄永祥同志告诉我:汉堡港的理货组长库克和装卸公司的威利先生干脆说贝汉廷是“邓小平式的船长” 。<br />
<br />
Comrade Zhen Yongxiang, the intern captain and Chief Officer of the Hanchuan, told me that Cook, the tally leader of the Port of Hamburg, and Mr. Willie of the Stevedoring Company even said that Bei Hanting was a "Deng Xiaoping-style captain".<br />
<br />
为什么库克先生们给他这样高的评价?只是因为邓小平首访美国,他首航美国的偶然机缘吗?当然不是!<br />
<br />
Why did Mr. Cook think highly of him? Is it just because of Deng Xiaoping's first visit to the United States and his maiden voyage to the United States by chance? Of course not!<br />
<br />
大副和水手们津津有味地给我讲开了故事:<br />
<br />
The Chief Officer and the sailors told me the story with relish:<br />
<br />
有一次,“汉川号”将到亚历山大港卸货。这个港口在苏伊士运河入口处,经常停泊着上百条等待泊位的各国船只,搞不好一等就得几十天。于是,贝汉廷在途中就接二连三地给港口代理打电话,以便让“汉川号”这三个字一再冲击所有有关人员的脑细胞,加深他们的印象。并且他翻检了自己记忆的仓库和笔记本,理清了这个港口必须打交道的一系列人物的姓名、年龄、脾气秉性、特殊爱好、办事方式……<br />
<br />
On one occasion, the Hanchuan unloaded at Alexandria, situating at the entrance of Suez Canal, where hundreds of ships from all over the world waited for berths, which may take several days. Therefore, Bei Hanting called the port agent many times on the way, so that the word "Hanchuan" could be remembered. And he went through his memory storehouse and notebook, and sorted out the names, ages, tempers, special hobbies and ways of doing things of many people that he must deal with in this port...<br />
<br />
抵港后,他就直奔港务局,拜访港务局长。他是那样熟悉地称呼着局长的名字,顺利地通过了门岗,又那样亲密地和港务局长谈着家常。当他最后提出要求快速装卸时,局长说:“怎么这样急?你们中国人从来不在乎船期。”他说:“谁说的? 我们现在要搞四化,分秒必争哩!”港务局长像老朋友似的望着他笑。于是他熟练地和所有打交道的人交往着,尽快地办好一切手续,穿过各国彩色缤纷的泊船,用 一句古话说:“扬帆远航” 了,节约了二十多天船期。多么灵活,闪电也似的进击,不像个船长,倒像个军事家。<br />
<br />
After arriving in the port, he went straight to the Port Authority to visit the Director of Port. He called the director's name deftly, so he passed the gate smoothly, and talked with the port director so intimately. When he finally asked for quick loading and unloading, the director said, "Why is it so urgent? You Chinese never care about the shipping schedule." He said, "Who said that? We must carry out the Four Modernizations now, so every minute counts!" The director looked at him like an old friend and smiled. So he skillfully interacted with all the people he dealt with, completed all the formalities as soon as possible, and went through colorful berthing ships of various countries. As an old saying goes, "Setting sail for a long voyage", which saved more than 20 days of sailing. How flexible he was! He took actions like lightning, which made him like a strategist, not a captain. <br />
<br />
同“汉川号”一起,我们从国外一共买了四条船。保修期间,发现冷藏舱上有“汗水”,浸湿了货物。贝船长拍下了现场的照片,又请各个港口的验货师签署了证明,还用油漆在船上标出了“汗水”的位置,要回厂求返修。<br />
<br />
We have bought four ships from abroad, including the Hanchuan. During the warranty period, it was found that on the refrigerated compartment was "sweat", which soaked the goods. Captain Bei took photos of the scene, asked the inspectors of various ports to sign the supporting materials, and marked the position of "sweat" on the ship with paint, so he could go back to the factory for repair.<br />
<br />
船厂工程师抱着几尺厚的设计资料翻给他看,满嘴数字、专用名词,就是不肯返修,并说已有两条船来过厂,他们在冷藏舱内侧打了200个洞,找不出问题,已签字同意不返修了。<br />
<br />
The shipyard engineer turned over the design data several Chi (Chi is a unit of length in China) thick to him, full of numbers and special terms, but he refused to repair it. He said that two ships had been to the factory, and they had made 200 holes in the inside of the refrigerated cabin, but could not find any problems, so they signed and agreed not to repair ships.<br />
<br />
“请你看我的船。”<br />
<br />
"Please look at my ship."<br />
<br />
“你的船,绝缘体是举世无双的优质品。”<br />
<br />
"The insulator in your ship is unparalleled quality products in the world."<br />
<br />
“举世无双的优质品却搞出了前所罕见的’汗水’。”<br />
<br />
"The unparalleled quality products in the world have produced a rare 'sweat '."<br />
<br />
“理论上找不出任何错误。”<br />
<br />
"No mistakes can be found in theory."<br />
<br />
“实践上就是‘汗水’浸坏了货物。”<br />
<br />
"In practice, 'sweat 'soaked the goods."<br />
<br />
工程师有成百上千条理论根据,但贝汉廷有一叠ー叠的现实照片,证人签单。<br />
<br />
Engineers had hundreds of theories, but Bei Hanting had stacks of photos and bills signed by witnesses.<br />
<br />
工程师火了:“找不出理论根据,就是不给修,这是国际惯例做法,合同上规定的。”<br />
<br />
The engineer was angry: "If you can't find a theoretical basis, I won't repair it. This is an international practice and stipulated in the contract."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷也火了:“放下你那几尺厚的资料!我拼上几夜不睡也要查出根据来,你吓唬不住我!”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was also angry: "Put down your data a few Chi thick! I will find out the basis even if I don't sleep for a few nights. You can't scare me!"<br />
<br />
工程师像海水一样莫测高深,但是贝汉廷却像礁石一样坚硬,于是海水退潮了,留下了资料。<br />
<br />
Engineers were as unfathomable as seawater, but Bei Hanting was as hard as a reef, so the seawater ebbed, leaving behind information.<br />
<br />
于是贝汉廷顽强地用血肉之躯去迎战冷冰冰的数据。这毕竟是专而又专的船舶冷藏业务啊！热学、力学、钢铁、绝缘……几十门学科。但血肉之躯也自有它的好处,那就是它有主观能动性。贝汉廷分析着各个不同的数据,寻找着规律,终于抓住了矛盾的牛鼻子。为什么在冷冻舱的各个部位绝缘体都是!80毫米厚,而横梁部分的绝缘体只有90毫米?差距有一倍,这合理吗?贝汉廷一下子跳了起来, 跑到冷藏舱实地对照,油漆的印痕条条排列。果然,“汗水”出在横梁部位……<br />
<br />
So Bei Hanting stubbornly confronted the cold data with his flesh and blood. After all, this was a ship refrigeration business, which was difficult for a layman to understand! Heat, mechanics, steel, insulation... dozens of disciplines. But a person also had its own advantages, that was, he had subjective initiative. Bei Hanting analyzed different data, looked for laws, and finally found the problem. Why were insulators in every part of the freezer 180 mm thick, while the insulator of the beam part was only 90 mm? Was it reasonable? Bei Hanting jumped up at once and ran to the refrigerator for field comparison. The marks of paint were arranged in strips. Sure enough, "sweat" came out of the beam...<br />
<br />
把工程师请了回来,工程师先是点头后是摇头:“没想到啊！没想到问题出在这里!”<br />
<br />
When the engineer was invited back, he first nodded and then shook his head: "I didn't expect it! I didn't expect the problem to be here!"<br />
<br />
怎么办?返修呗！船厂工人连续开了几个夜班,加铺了一层绝缘体,加铺了一层甲板。<br />
<br />
What to do? Repair it! Shipyard workers worked several night shifts in succession to lay an insulator and a deck.<br />
<br />
这条船修好了,其他的呢?工程师听也不要听。于是,贝汉廷去见总经理。<br />
<br />
This ship has been repaired. What about the others? Engineers didn’t even think about them. So Bei Hanting went to see the general manager.<br />
<br />
总经理说:“那两条船已经双方签过字,免修了。”<br />
<br />
The general manager said, "The two ships have been signed by both parties and are exempted from repair."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“但道理不是一样吗?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "But it makes sense for all ships?"<br />
<br />
总经理说:“你知道你这一条船返修用了我多少美金?上20万哩!”<br />
<br />
The general manager said, "Do you know how many dollars I spent on repairing your ship? Up to 200,000 dollars!"<br />
<br />
“我很抱歉,”贝汉廷说,“我知道四条船索赔,工厂损失是很大的。但如果不修好,那三条船在全世界航行,等于给你的厂做活广告。那样,你的损失不就更大了吗?”<br />
<br />
"I'm sorry," said Bei Hanting, "I know that if four ships claim compensation, the loss of the factory is very great. But if they are not repaired, those three ships will sail all over the world, which is equivalent to advertising your factory. Then, wouldn't your loss be even greater?"<br />
<br />
总经理先是摇头,后是点头,最后抬起头来打量这个个子小小的Captain贝,欣赏起这个好当家人来了。真是:第一流的头脑,外加一副铁腕,好一个铁腕人物啊! 四条船冷藏舱设备返修共花了船厂72万美金哩！<br />
<br />
The general manager shook his head first, then nodded, and finally looked up at the small Captain Bei and appreciated the good expert. He had excellent mind, powerful control. What a strong person! It costed the shipyard 720,000 US dollars to repair the refrigerated cabin equipment of the four ships!<br />
<br />
水手们还十分钦佩地讲起了大吊的故事:<br />
<br />
The sailors also told the story of the cargo handling gear with great admiration:<br />
<br />
在意大利,好像是热那亚港,港口当时正好没岸吊。过去都是借用船上的大吊,喏,用就用呗！好像是已成惯例了。但贝汉廷反复研究各港口的资料,发现那是不合理的。<br />
<br />
In Italy, it seems to be the Port of Genoa, which happened to have no shore tackle at that time. In the past, people in the Port of Genoa used to borrow the cargo handling gear on board. Well, it didn’t matter! It seemed to have become a routine. However, Bei Hanting repeatedly studied the data of various ports and found that it was unreasonable.<br />
<br />
于是他向代理提出:应由货主付费。代理说:“过去都不付呀!”<br />
<br />
So he proposed to the agent that the owner of goods should pay. The agent said, "They didn't pay in the past!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“但那是不合理的。”<br />
<br />
"But that doesn't make sense," Bei Hanting said.<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“你想,买这条船时,大吊是船价的十分之一。用了我的大吊,使了我的人工,磨损了我的钢缆……难道不付费是合理的吗?”<br />
<br />
"Think about it. When you buy a ship, the cargo handling gear is one tenth of the price of the ship. They used my gear, needed my seamen and worn my steel cable... Is it reasonable not to pay?"<br />
<br />
“是不够合理。那好,我去和货主谈谈。”第二天代理来讲,货主同意了,因为 他如不同意付大吊费,他就得到港口申请岸吊,同样得付费用,而且还得等着调配。<br />
<br />
"It’s not reasonable enough. Well, I'll talk to the owner." The next day, the agent said, the owner agreed, because if he didn't agree to pay the fee, he had to go to the port to apply for shore tackle, so he had to pay the same fee, and wait for the deployment.<br />
<br />
第一次大吊费拿到了,有好几万外汇呢!拿到之后,贝汉廷立刻要求以书面形式,将它作为制度固定下来。<br />
<br />
For the first time, they got the fee of using cargo handling gear, which brought them tens of thousands of foreign currencies! After that, Bei Hanting immediately demanded that this had to be fixed as a system in writing.<br />
<br />
拿到书面材料之后,贝汉廷代表公司和代理谈判,要求所有的中国船以后一律 按此办理。<br />
<br />
After receiving the written materials, Bei Hanting, on behalf of the company, negotiated with the agent and asked all Chinese ships to follow this procedure in the future.<br />
<br />
代理说:“你的船,我保证每次如此,但别的船……”<br />
<br />
The agent said, " I can promise your ship’s fees every time, but as for other ships..."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“道理不是ー样的吗? ”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "But it makes sense for all ships."<br />
<br />
谈判的结果,是拿到了港方的书面合同。贝汉廷立即把这份材料寄回上海,由公司报总公司,向世界其他港口交涉,一律照此办理。<br />
<br />
As a result of the negotiation, a written contract from the port was obtained. Bei Hanting immediately sent this material back to Shanghai, so the company reported it to the head office who negotiated with other ports in the world that all of them should do it.<br />
<br />
多么精细,多么科学!完全是科学家的逻辑!然而又多么灵活,多么有办法, 简直像个出色的外交家。<br />
<br />
How delicate and scientific! It's entirely the logic of scientists! However, how flexible and resourceful he is! he is like an excellent diplomat.<br />
<br />
有一次……<br />
<br />
One time...<br />
<br />
还有一次……<br />
<br />
There was another time...<br />
<br />
可惜,无法在这里写下政委、大副、水手们向我讲述的所有的故事,我只能记下他们那钦佩的眼光、赞叹的话语——<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, I can't write down all the stories told to me by the political commissar, the Chief Officer and the sailors here. I can only write down their admiring eyes and words of admiration.<br />
<br />
在海里,贝汉廷像一块冲不动的礁石。<br />
<br />
In the sea, Bei Hanting is like a rock that cannot be washed.<br />
<br />
在岸上,贝汉廷是ー块千锤百炼的钢铁。<br />
<br />
On the shore, Bei Hanting is a piece of steel that has been hammered and tempered many times.<br />
<br />
开起船来,又多么潇洒。“汉川号”在他手里不像条船,倒像个芭蕾舞演员,是那样迷人的优美……<br />
<br />
How cool he is when sailing. The Hanchuan is not like a ship when he navigates it, but like a ballet dancer, charming and beautiful...<br />
<br />
水手们都习惯了,多大的风浪也没有人去向他报告。因为你报告:“九级风呢, 船长!”他会不动声色地看看海面:“有九级吗?我看还好嘛！”“八级浪了,船长!” 他仍不动声色地看看:“有八级吗?我看还好嘛!”贝汉廷懂得一个船长镇定自若的意义,于是再也没有人和他谈风浪问题了。<br />
<br />
Sailors were familiar with him, so no one reported to him about the storm. Because when you reported, "Strong gale, captain!" He would look at the sea calmly: "Is there a strong gale? I think it doesn’t matter" “The waves are very high, captain! "He still looked calmly:" “Are they very high? I think it doesn’t matter!” Bei Hanting understood the meaning of a captain's composure, so no one talked to him about wind and waves anymore.<br />
<br />
只有我这个外行,反复问他:“你老是’还好,还好‘,可几级风浪船就会沉呢?”他沉思地看着我说:“多大的风浪也不会让万吨轮沉的,只有船本身的损坏才会沉船。而只有不懂得船也不懂得大海的船长才会把船搞坏,把船搞沉。”<br />
<br />
Only I, a layman, repeatedly asked him: "You always say ‘It doesn’t matter’, but what kind of storms will sink the ship?" He looked at me thoughtfully and said, "They won’t sink the over 10,000-ton ship. Only the damage of the ship itself will sink a ship. And only the master who doesn't know the ship or the sea will break the ship and sink it."<br />
<br />
好一个“只有不懂得船也不懂得大海的船长オ会把船搞沉”!而船长,master,在做形容词用时,又意味着熟练、精通。<br />
<br />
His words surprised me! And master, when used as an adjective, means skilled and proficient.<br />
<br />
“He is master of his business。”可以这样说:作为国家领导人之一的邓小平和作为船长的贝汉廷,对自己的业务都是那样熟练、精通;面对各自的风浪又都同样镇定自若,勇于驾驭;偏偏在他们各自的航程中,又都具有那种百折不挠、鞠躬尽瘁的主人翁态度。这就难怪贝汉廷有了这样ー个光荣的称号——“邓小平式的船长”。谁能说库克先生们没有眼力呢?<br />
<br />
"He is master of his business." It can be said that Deng Xiaoping, one of the national leaders, and Bei Hanting, a master, are so skilled and proficient in their own business. In the face of their own storms, they are equally calm and brave in controlling things. It happened that in their respective voyages, they all had the attitude of being masters with perseverance and dedication. It is no wonder that Bei Hanting has such a glorious title as "a Deng Xiaoping-style Captain". Who can say that Mr. Cook doesn’t know how to find a talent?<br />
<br />
海员风度<br />
<br />
Seamanship<br />
<br />
"SOS”！ “SOS”！！ “SOS"! ! !<br />
<br />
塞浦路斯商船“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”不断发出紧急呼号。<br />
<br />
Eleyna's Hope, a merchant ship of the Republic of Cyprus, kept sending out emergency calls.<br />
<br />
船长伊柯优斯眼看这艘28年的超龄船,在九级大风袭击中主机不能运转,全船失去控制,海底阀裂损,大量海水涌入机舱,已齐人脖颈,决定发出弃船求救信号。<br />
<br />
Captain Ikeus saw that the 28-year-old ship could not be operated in a strong gale, the whole ship lost control, the submarine valve was cracked, and a large amount of seawater poured into the engine room, leading to neck-deep sea water. He decided to send out a distress signal for abandoning the ship.<br />
<br />
"SOS”！ “SOS”！！ “SOS"! ! !<br />
<br />
全体船员及一名家属已下到救生小艇,小艇被巨浪颠簸得直上直下,完全没有行驶能力。在望远镜里看见远远一只船影,水手们用全部生命凝视着,但黑影渐渐消失。可能是风浪太大,他们自己也在危险之中,不能靠近。<br />
<br />
The crew and a family member have got off the life-saving boat, which was bumped up and down by huge waves and completely incapable of being driven. The sailors saw a distant ship shadow in the telescope, and they pinned all their hopes on it and stared at it, but the shadow gradually disappeared. It may be that the wind and waves were too strong, and they were also in danger, so they can't get close.<br />
<br />
又是一个黑影远远驶去,又是一个远远的黑影……也可能那只是自己希望的幻影吧,船员们已失去获救的信心……<br />
<br />
Another dark shadow was far away, and another... Maybe it was just an illusion of their hope, so the crew has lost confidence in being rescued...<br />
<br />
“滴滴滴,答答答,滴滴滴厂’“汉川号”的一个年轻报务员在呼啸的风暴声中突然收到了“SOS”的求救信号。贝汉廷一跃而起,到海图室查明了难船失事位置,他立即命令:“全体船员进入岗位准备抢救厂’“满舵！全速进!”超高频无线电话从此不断呼叫:“艾琳娜斯霍浦号！我是中国船’汉川号’！前来救助,请回答,请回答！！”<br />
<br />
"Beep, beep, beep!" A young radio operator of the Hanchuan suddenly received a distress signal of “SOS” in the howling storm. Bei Hanting jumped up and went to the chart room to find out the location of the shipwreck. He immediately ordered: "All crew members prepare to rescue another ship!" "Hard rudder! Go forward at full speed!" The UHF wireless telephone has been called all the time since then: "Eleyna's Hope! I am the Chinese ship Hanchuan! We come to rescue you, please answer, please answer!!"<br />
<br />
一片静默。遇难船早已失去全部通讯能力。<br />
<br />
There was silence. The wrecked ship has long lost all communication capability.<br />
<br />
当“汉川号”驶近难船时,只见它船身已右倾三十多度,船尾下沉。在十分危险的状态里,正在狂风暴雪中哑然下沉,下沉……当“汉川号”好不容易驶近救生 艇时,一个压顶巨浪把它打回遇难船的舷旁去了。四次驶近,四次打开,贝汉廷下令在它周围游弋等待。直到ー个多小时后,第五次驶近时,老水手王敬元一直捏在手中的粗尼龙撇缆绳,オ好像脱弦之箭顶风穿雪疾飞过去,被难船水手接住……<br />
<br />
When the Hanchuan approached the shipwreck, its hull had turned more than 30 degrees to the right and its stern sank. In a very dangerous state, it was sinking in the storm and a blizzard... When the Hanchuan finally approached the lifeboat, a huge wave slapped against it back to the side of the wrecked ship’s starboard. They had tried four times, but they failed, so Bei Hanting ordered to wait around it. After more than an hour later, when they approached for the fifth time, the thick nylon cable in the hands of the experienced sailor Wang Jingyuan was thrown, as if it was an arrow taking off the string and flying through the snow against the wind and it was caught by sailors of the shipwreck...<br />
<br />
这时,只有这时,贝汉廷才腾出空儿来回答整个地中海东部塞得港、马耳他、雅典、塞浦路斯电台及附近船舶的互相呼号:“我是中国’汉川号’,现在’艾琳娜斯霍浦号’的船员已安全登上我船,请放心,谢谢……”<br />
<br />
At this time, and at this time, Bei Hanting answered the calls of all the eastern Mediterranean, Port Said, Malta, Athens, Cyprus radio stations and nearby ships: "I am the Chinese Hanchuan, and now the crew of the Eleyna's Hope have safely boarded my ship. Please rest assured, thank you...”<br />
<br />
但是,“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”船长伊柯优斯却迟迟不肯上到“汉川号”。他和三个船员留在他的小艇中一再坚持靠拢难船。贝汉廷在风浪中再三向他疾呼:“危险! 危险! !”但看到他那样坚持,考虑到他仍坐在自己的救生艇上,他还是“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”的船长,有权做出自己的决定。因此只能劝慰他:“作为一个船长,我很了解你的处境和心情。我一定在旁守护,在旁守护!在旁一守护!！”小艇时起时伏 地在巨浪的峰波间摇晃着离去!“汉川号”始终在旁边巡回游弋……<br />
<br />
However, Ikeus, the captain of the Eleyna's Hope, refused to get on the Hanchuan. He and three crew members stayed in his boat and insisted on getting close to the shipwreck again and again. Bei Hanting repeatedly cried to him in the wind and waves: "Danger! Danger!!" But seeing his insistence, Bei considers that he is still sitting in his lifeboat, and he is still the captain of the Eleyna's Hope and has the right to make his own decisions. Therefore, he can only comfort him: "As a captain, I know your situation and mood very well. I will guard you, guard you! Guard you by the side!!" From time to time, the boat swayed away between the huge crested waves! The Hanchuan was always touring around...<br />
<br />
17点多,夜幕即将降临,九级的西北风把浪和雪卷上阴暗的高空,风在白茫茫的海上打转,海浪呼啸怒吼,贝汉廷开始忧虑地用汽笛和高音喇叭招呼那位守职的船长。17点24分,小艇终于再次靠近“汉川号”。贝汉廷特地到甲板上去迎接这位不幸的希腊同行。当伊柯优斯得知“汉川号”正在驶往伦敦途中时,他一再要求:<br />
<br />
At more than 17 o'clock, night was about to come, and the strong northwest gale swept the waves and snow up into the dark sky. The wind swirled in the white sea, and the waves roared. Bei Hanting began to greet the captain who kept his duty anxiously with his whistle and loudspeaker. At 17:24, the boat finally approached the Hanchuan again. Bei Hanting went to the deck to meet the unfortunate Greek counterpart. When Ikeus learned that the Hanchuan was on its way to London, he repeatedly asked:<br />
<br />
“请继续留在遇险船边,因为我必须守候它沉没。在它沉没后,请把我和我的 船员送到希腊克里特岛登岸。”<br />
<br />
"Please stay by the ship in distress, because I must wait for it to sink. After it sinks, please send me and my crew to Crete, Greece."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷,这位在他的航海日志上没有误过一天航期的船长,抢船期抢得没有一次是在港口休息日停泊记录的精细至极的船长,这时却毫不迟疑地答应了。考虑到<br />
<br />
==卷二：1.目录 Volume2: 1. Contents==<br />
<br />
卷一<br />
<br />
Volume One<br />
<br />
序 李炳银/001<br />
<br />
Preface by Li Bingyin/001<br />
<br />
哥德巴赫猜想 徐 迟/001<br />
<br />
Goldbach’s Conjecture by Xu Chi/001<br />
<br />
船长 柯岩/021<br />
<br />
Master by Ke Yan/021<br />
<br />
痴情 理由/040<br />
<br />
Obsession by Li You/040<br />
<br />
中国姑娘 鲁光/ 086<br />
<br />
Chinese Girls by Lu Guang/086<br />
<br />
三门李逸闻 乔迈/ 138<br />
<br />
Sanmen Li Anecdotes by Qiao Mai/138<br />
<br />
胡杨泪 孟晓云/ 150<br />
<br />
Tears of Populus Euphratica by Meng Xiaoyun/150<br />
<br />
原野在呼唤 王兆军/ 163<br />
<br />
The Fields Were Calling by Wang Zhaojun/163<br />
<br />
热血男儿 李士非/ 183<br />
<br />
Hot-blooded Man by Li Shifei/183<br />
<br />
卷二<br />
<br />
Volume Two<br />
<br />
中国农民大趋势（节选）李延国/219<br />
<br />
General Trend for Chinese Farmers (Excerpt) by Li Yanguo/219<br />
<br />
理论狂人 陈祖芬/261<br />
<br />
Theory Fanatic by Chen Zufen/261<br />
<br />
神圣忧思录 张 敏/283<br />
<br />
A Deliberation on the Divine by Zhang Min/283<br />
<br />
强国梦（节选）赵瑜/315<br />
<br />
The Dream of Great Power (Excerpt) by Zhao Yu/315<br />
<br />
伐木者,醒来!（节选）徐 刚/358<br />
<br />
Wake up, Loggers! (Excerpt) by Xu Gang/358<br />
<br />
步鑫生现象的反思 周嘉俊/397 <br />
<br />
Reflection on the Bu Xinsheng Phenomenon by Zhou Jiajun/397<br />
<br />
卷三<br />
<br />
Volume Three<br />
<br />
昆山之路 杨守松/ 425<br />
<br />
The Road to Kunshan by Yang Shousong/425<br />
<br />
飞向太空港（节选）李鸣生/465<br />
<br />
Flying to the Spaceport (Excerpt) by Li Mingsheng/465<br />
<br />
东方风来满眼春 陈锡添/526<br />
<br />
Vigor of Spring Greets the Eyes as the Warm Wind Comes by Chen Xitian/526<br />
<br />
好梦将圆时 江永红/539<br />
<br />
When Good Dreams Come True by Jiang Yonghong/539<br />
<br />
智慧风暴（节选）王宏甲/573<br />
<br />
The Storm of Wisdom (Excerpt) by Wang Hongjia/573<br />
<br />
卷四<br />
<br />
Volume Four<br />
<br />
4万:400万的牵挂 张雅文/ 625<br />
<br />
Zhang Yawen/625<br />
<br />
香港回归祖国10周年回眸 长 江/ 670<br />
<br />
A Look Back at the 10th Anniversary of Hong Kong's Return to China by Chang Jiang/670<br />
<br />
木棉花开 李春雷/695<br />
<br />
Kapok in Bloom by Li Chunlei/695<br />
<br />
休息的革命（缩写本）王宏甲 刘 建/716<br />
<br />
Revolution of Rest by Wang Hongjia (Abridged version), Liu Jian/716<br />
<br />
闪着泪光的事业 蒋 巍/758<br />
<br />
The Career with Tears by Jiang Wei/758<br />
<br />
让百姓做主 朱晓军 李英/ 777<br />
<br />
Let Common People Decide by Zhu Xiaojun, Li Ying/777<br />
<br />
难回故里 郭冬/817<br />
<br />
Guo Dong/817<br />
<br />
卷五<br />
<br />
Volume Five<br />
<br />
国家 何建明/855<br />
<br />
The Country by He Jianming/855<br />
<br />
蛟龙探海（节选）许 晨/ 915<br />
<br />
Xu Chen/915<br />
<br />
袁隆平的世界（节选）陈启文/950<br />
<br />
Yuan Longping's World (Excerpt) by Chen Qiwen/950<br />
<br />
“神舟”天路 兰宁远/ 1011<br />
<br />
The Long Journey of“Shenzhou”to Space by Lan Ningyuan/1011<br />
<br />
智慧之翼 李青松/ 1044<br />
<br />
Intelligent Wing by Li Qingsong/1044<br />
<br />
附录 改革开放四十年优秀报告文学存目/ 1060<br />
<br />
==卷二：2.中国农民大趋势 Volume 2: 2.General Trend for Chinese Farmers==<br />
<br />
中国农民大趋势<br />
<br />
General Trend for Chinese Farmers<br />
<br />
胶东风情录（节选）<br />
<br />
Stories in Jiaodong (excerpt)<br />
<br />
李延国<br />
<br />
Li Yanguo<br />
<br />
第一章 相会在北京（I changed オ目 with 相）<br />
<br />
Chapter One Meeting in Beijing<br />
<br />
初春。北京电影制片厂。<br />
<br />
In early spring. In Beijing Film Studio.<br />
<br />
我住在这个厂招待所的一间斗室里,正没完没了地修改ー个电影文学剧本。 一天,值班室的服务员用扩音器通知我:有客人来找。<br />
<br />
I lived in a small room in this factory’s guest house, where I was constantly revising a film literature script. One day, the attendant in the duty room informed me through a megaphone that some guests came for me.<br />
<br />
我走下楼去。几个身穿呢料制服的男子汉正等候在那里。<br />
<br />
I went downstairs. Several men in woolen uniforms were waiting there.<br />
<br />
“弟弟!”我一下把他从人群中辨认出来,他那黝黑的、已经被岁月的犁铮犁出了沟痕的面孔,刚经修饰,显得容光焕发。他彬彬有礼地上前来同我握手,向我介绍同来的人们。他们的神采和装束使我大为惊讶,要知道,他们是文学概念中的“庄稼汉”呀!<br />
<br />
"Brother!" I recognized him from the crowd at once. His dark face, which had been furrowed by the plows of years, had just been taken good care of, so he looked radiant. He came politely to shake hands with me and introduce me to the people who came with him. Their looks and costumes surprised me greatly. You know, they are "plowmen" if you describe them with the words in literature! <br />
<br />
“你们怎么来的?”<br />
<br />
"How did you come?"<br />
<br />
“自己带的车!”他指指外面的“吉普”。<br />
<br />
"My own car!" He pointed to the Jeep outside.<br />
<br />
两千多里路,他们竟然坐上了“专车”。<br />
<br />
There were more than 2,000 miles, but they should enjoy the tailored taxi service.<br />
<br />
“你们要去哪里?”<br />
<br />
"Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“深圳!”<br />
<br />
"Shenzhen!"<br />
<br />
“到深圳做什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are you doing in Shenzhen?"<br />
<br />
“考察!”<br />
<br />
"Investigation!"<br />
<br />
故乡,在我的情思里,那是黄昏的茅屋上一缕淡淡的炊烟,那是黎明的原野上一声悠长的牛叫,那是父亲头上一顶破了边的草帽,那是母亲褪色的衣襟上一块杂色补丁,那是弟弟一双饥饿的眼睛,那是妹妹辫子上一根粗糙的头绳……眼前的景象,使我无法和过去联系起来。<br />
<br />
I had a lingering affection for my hometown. When the thought of it came to me, a faint wisp of smoke from kitchen chimneys on the hut at dusk, a long cow bark on the plain at dawn, a straw hat with a broken edge on my father's head, a variegated patch on my mother's faded skirt, a pair of eyes of my younger brother showing his hunger, and a rough head band on my sister's braid sprang to my mind... But the sight before me made me unable to connect it with the past.<br />
<br />
“你们办好去边境的手续了吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have you completed the formalities for going to the border?"<br />
<br />
“办好了！”<br />
<br />
"Yes!"<br />
<br />
“坐火车去吗?”<br />
<br />
"Will you go by train?"<br />
<br />
“不,坐飞机去!”<br />
<br />
"No, we’ll go by plane!"<br />
<br />
“你们是怎样买到飞机票的?”<br />
<br />
"How did you get air tickets?"<br />
<br />
“作家协会的一位同志帮忙买的。”<br />
<br />
"A comrade of the China Writers Association helped us to buy it."<br />
<br />
我从一个农民走上文坛,足足用了二十多年的工夫,那是一条漫长的路,我仿佛觉得,这条路已经离开家乡很远很远,不料想,兄弟们斜刺里从青纱帐杀了出来, 竟一下子冲进了这个世界的核心部位。<br />
<br />
It took me more than 20 years to walk into the literary world from a farmer. It was a long road, on which I seemed to feel that I had left my hometown for a long time. Unexpectedly, my brothers ran from a field suddenly and rushed into the core of the world at once.<br />
<br />
他们这一行,是由年轻的镇委书记谢玉堂带领的,其中包括已经声名大震的农民企业家李德海等。他们去深圳不仅是为了开开眼界,原来家乡在那里是投了资的,一甩手拿出几十万、上百万元,现在他们将以“股东”的身份走在深圳繁华的街市上,从那个窗口去瞭望世界!<br />
<br />
They are led by Xie Yutang, a young Township Committee secretary, and they are accompanied by Li Dehai, a famous farmer entrepreneur. They go to Shenzhen not only to widen their horizons. Originally, our hometown invested hundreds of thousands and millions of yuan there, so now they will walk in the bustling Shenzhen as shareholders and look at the world from that window!<br />
<br />
我不知该怎样招待他们这些“天外来客”。<br />
<br />
I didn't know how to entertain these "men who fell to earth".<br />
<br />
我忽然想到了我的优势:“我领你们去看看摄影棚吧,里面在拍电影,挺好玩的。”<br />
<br />
I suddenly thought of a things I was good at: "Let me show you the studio, where movies are being made, which is quite fun."<br />
<br />
他们一行人顿时变成了“中国农民电影考察团”,随我向摄影棚走去。艺术对他们曾是遥远的、朦胧的,今天他们要走近前去看个仔细。<br />
<br />
They suddenly turned into a "Chinese Farmers Film Investigation Group" and followed me to the studio. Art used to be far away and obscure to them. Today they should come closer and take a closer look.<br />
<br />
我们被挡在摄影棚巨大的铁门外边,这里的制度是严格的,参观的人需经厂保卫科批准。<br />
<br />
We were kept out of the huge iron gate of the studio. The system here was strict, and visitors need to be approved by the factory security department.<br />
<br />
“中国农民电影考察团”被尴尬地晒在那里。<br />
<br />
The "Chinese Farmers Film Investigation Group" was embarrassed there.<br />
<br />
我忽然又想起了另ー个优势:“去看看'北影一条街’吧！”<br />
<br />
I suddenly remembered another place I was familiar with: "Let’s visit the Beijing Film Studio Street!"<br />
<br />
“北影一条街”是ー个半永久性的露天布景,坐落在厂院后区,巧夺天工的美工师们在这里搭起了具有古典风格的店铺、楼阁、墙垒。走在这里,像走进了陈旧的岁月之中。《垂帘听政》《海囚》《双雄会》《骆驼祥子》等等许多撼动人心的历史场面都是在这里拍摄出来的,中国农民在这里扮演了屈辱和失败的角色！<br />
<br />
It was a semi-permanent open-air set, which was located in the back area of the factory yard, where wonderful art designers set up shops, pavilions and walls with classical style. Walking here was like walking into the past. Many shocking historical scenes, such as Holding Court from behind a Screen, Captives, Shuang Xiong Hui and Camel Xiangzi, were filmed here, where Chinese farmers played the role of humiliation and failure!<br />
<br />
农民兄弟们巨大的步幅,很快把这一条小小的街道丈量完了,他们好奇地转到布景的后面,ー个个不禁哑然失笑:“都是假的呀!”<br />
<br />
They made huge strides so that they quickly visited this small street. They turned curiously to the back of the set, and all of them couldn't help laughing: "It's all fake!"<br />
<br />
没有什么事情能唤起他们的兴趣。我决意尽主人之道,把他们领到北影小食堂狠狠来上一顿,花个三十二十的！<br />
<br />
Nothing can arouse their interest. I was determined to do the honors, and lead them to our canteen to have a good meal, which will cost twenty or thirty yuan!<br />
<br />
“不,跟我们去吧！”他们反客为主。<br />
<br />
"No, come with us!" They turned passivity into activity.<br />
<br />
“去哪里?”<br />
<br />
"Where?"<br />
<br />
“小洞天,西餐!”<br />
<br />
"Xiaodongtian, which sells western food!"<br />
<br />
我简直是五体投地！我想象不出来,他们是怎么睁大寻觅的眼睛,在偌大的北京城找到了那个藏在地缝里的“小洞天”的。<br />
<br />
I swept my feet by them! I couldn't imagine how they kept their eyes wide open to find it hidden in the crevice of the ground in the vast Beijing.<br />
<br />
我的兄弟们在我面前变得陌生了,这一切变化是怎样开始的?是谁给了他们这新的风采、新的气质?<br />
<br />
My brothers have become strangers before me. How did all this change begin? Who gave them this new style and temperament?<br />
<br />
他们似乎在追赶着什么一乘上飞机,用超音速……<br />
<br />
They seem to be chasing something by plane at supersonic speed...<br />
<br />
文学,将仰首注视他们!<br />
<br />
Literature will look up at them!<br />
<br />
中国,是世界上拥有农民最多的国家,谁不了解当代的中国农民的变化,谁就不了解当代的中国。<br />
<br />
China is the country with the largest number of farmers in the world. Whoever does not understand the changes of contemporary Chinese farmers will not understand contemporary China.<br />
<br />
传统的农民观念在我的头脑里发生了动摇。<br />
<br />
The traditional concept about farmers has shaken in my mind.<br />
<br />
到胶东去!<br />
<br />
Go to Jiaodong!<br />
<br />
到故乡去!<br />
<br />
Go to hometown!<br />
<br />
第二章故乡之门<br />
<br />
Chapter 2 The Gate of Hometown<br />
<br />
烟台,我的故乡。<br />
<br />
Yantai is my hometown.<br />
<br />
据说,这是一个没有待业青年的城市。一位空军战斗英雄在这里担任副市长; 一位从北京招聘来的硕士研究生被委任为市委宣传部长（他们都是胶东的儿子）；留职停薪的教师开办旅游开发公司,市政府领导亲临剪彩;上海交通大学的几位校 友创办烟台思源新技术开发公司,经济学家于光远发来贺电;新建的电视台将于7月1日开播;集资兴办的综合性的烟台大学正在开挖地基;现代化的海上游乐园正在崆峒岛上破土动工;东郊的飞机场、西郊的高速公路正在筹建之中；那些农民办的饭店、旅馆、商场、烤鸭店、运输公司更是兴隆昌盛……真个是:昨梦乘风破浪去, 满山灯火是烟台。（I changed 啞桐 with 崆峒）<br />
<br />
It is said that this is a city without unemployed youth. An Air Force hero served as deputy mayor here. A graduate student recruited from Beijing was appointed as municipal party committee propaganda department minister (they are all residents of Jiaodong). Teachers who stayed without pay set up tourism development companies, and leaders of the municipal government cut the ribbon in person. Several alumni of Shanghai Jiaotong University founded Yantai Siyuan New Technology Development Company, and economist Yu Guangyuan sent a congratulatory message. The newly built TV station will start broadcasting on July 1. The comprehensive Yantai University, which received funds, is excavating the foundation. The modern sea amusement park is breaking ground on kongtong island. The airport in the eastern suburbs and the expressway in the western suburbs are under construction. Those restaurants, hotels, shopping malls, roast duck stores and transportation companies run by farmers are even more prosperous... No matter how rich they are, all they dream, miss and think about are Yantai.<br />
<br />
当天晚上,市委书记王济夫同志来到宾馆。凡来烟台的学者、作家、画家、书法 家、记者、编辑、科学家,他总要抽空来看望。他身上兼有军人的敏捷和学者的优雅,讲话却又充满诗人的激情,那浓重的乡音,又使我如见故里。<br />
<br />
That evening, Comrade Wang Jifu, Party Secretary, came to the hotel. He always takes time to visit scholars, writers, painters, calligraphers, journalists, editors and scientists who come to Yantai. He has the agility of a soldier and the elegance of a scholar, but his speech is full of the passion of a poet. When hearing his strong local accent, I feel like I’m in my hometown.<br />
<br />
他也是胶东当代的一个传奇人物。他一会儿身穿西服登上党代会的主席台,一会儿在宾馆和外商洽谈大型旅游服务系统的投资,一会儿又拉着商业局长深入个体饮食店解决原料供应,一会儿又到新成立的画院和画家们评论新作,一会儿又到某郊区县为农民企业家发表辩护演说……此刻为迎接对外开放,他刚刚从海湾对面的姊妹城市一大连考察回来,毫无倦意地坐在沙发上。<br />
<br />
He is also a contemporary legend in Jiaodong. He wore a suit and boarded the rostrum of the National Congress of the Communist Party of China. He discussed the investment of large-scale tourism service system with foreign businessmen in hotels. He took the commercial director to deeply understand individual restaurants to solve the supply of raw materials. He went to the newly established painting academy to comment on new works with painters. He went to a suburban county to give a defense speech for farmer entrepreneurs... At the moment, in order to embrace the opening to the outside world, he investigated in Dalian, a sister city across the bay, and just now he came back, sitting on the sofa without tiredness.<br />
<br />
“最近写些什么作品了?”他拍拍我刚送给他的《在这片国土上》的单行本,“你很少回家,应该回来看看我们这片乡土。这是一片烈士洒过鲜血的土地,今天发生了翻天覆地的变化。你应该看看农民怎样变成企业家的。”他边说边挥动手臂,仿佛这不是在屋里,而是在ー个视野开阔的制高点上,“'牟平七雄’’蓬莱八仙’’黄县五杰’’栖霞三能’……他们都是一窝子一窝子的。英雄无独有偶,都是竞争出来的。三中全会造就了一大批英雄,你应该去看看他们怎样跟着三中全会的旗帜, 改变了自己的命运。现在的家乡,可不是昔日的家乡了;现在的农业,可不是传统的农业了;现在的农民,可不是当年鲁迅笔下的阿Q、赵树理笔下的李有才,也不是高晓声笔下的陈奂生了。就是说,这个深刻变化不仅发生在地貌上、生产关系上, 也发生在人的灵魂深处,动摇了很多传统的东西……”<br />
<br />
"What have you written recently?" He patted the offprint In This Motherland I just gave him. "You seldom go home, so you should come back and see our native land. This is a land where martyrs have sacrificed their life, and the changes are beyond recognition today. You should see how farmers become entrepreneurs." As he spoke, he waved his arms, as if this was not in the house, but on a commanding height with a wide field of vision. "Seven Heroes in Muping, Eight Immortals in Penglai City, Five Heroes in Huang County and Three Advantages in Qixia... They all occur in our hometown. There is not only one hero. They are nurtured because of competition. The Third Plenary Session brought up a large number of heroes. You should see how they followed the directions of the Third Plenary Session and changed their own destiny. The present hometown is not the former one. Today's agriculture is not traditional agriculture. Today's farmers are not Ah Q written by Lu Xun, Li Youyu written by Zhao Shuli, or Chen Huansheng written by Gao Xiaosheng. That is to say, this profound change occurs not only in landform and production relations, but also in the depths of people's souls, changing many traditional things..."<br />
<br />
来也匆匆,去也匆匆。他走下楼去,站到汽车门前,海风掀起他黑色的衣襟,像鼓起的船帆。他回头说:<br />
<br />
He comes and goes in a hurry. He went downstairs and stood in front of the car. The sea breeze lifted his black clothes like a bulging sail. He turned back and said:<br />
<br />
“人是复杂的,文学也应该是复杂的。唱改革者之歌的时候,不要忘记他们的辛酸、他们的磨难。任何一项改革都不是在笔直的路上走的……”<br />
<br />
"People are complex, so should literature. When we are in the process of reform, we should not forget their bitterness and hardships. No reform is easy..."<br />
<br />
车走了,仲夏的海滨卷起一阵旋风。<br />
<br />
The car left, and a whirlwind rolled up on the seashore in midsummer.<br />
<br />
好有力的旋风啊!<br />
<br />
What a powerful whirlwind!<br />
<br />
第三章走进蓬莱仙境<br />
<br />
Chapter 3 Walking into Penglai Wonderland<br />
<br />
蓬莱阁上<br />
<br />
Penglai Pavilion<br />
<br />
——神话今说<br />
<br />
—Talking about Myth Today<br />
<br />
蓬莱,民族英雄戚继光的故乡,八仙过海传说的发祥地,你把魂魄凝聚在小小的蓬莱阁上。不是吗?要不,在这里只做过五天知府的苏东坡为什么留下了“东方云海空复空,群仙出没空明中”的诗句?为什么远离热土的老华侨要登临神堂烧上一炷香烛?为什么那些蓝眼睛的异国人要在参天的古柏前留一帧小照?<br />
<br />
Penglai City, the hometown of national hero Qi Jiguang and the place producing the legend of The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea, you condense your soul on the small Penglai Pavilion. Isn't it? Otherwise, why did Su Dongpo, who has only been a magistrate of a prefecture here for five days, leave the poem "I imagine clouds in the Eastern Sea is empty, but the immortals appear in quietness"? Why do old overseas Chinese who are far away from motherland go to the temple to burn incense? Why do those blue-eyed foreigners leave a small picture in front of ancient towering pine trees?<br />
<br />
在我登上这座建筑在民族心理上九百余年的仙阁时,适逢ー批外国友人乘兴游览,导游员刘妍,一位端庄聪颖的农民女儿（她爱好田径,学过武术,酷爱外语）,带领他们穿行在神话传说的历史中。<br />
<br />
When I stood in this fairy pavilion, which has been built for more than 900 years, it coincided with a group of foreign friends enjoying the tour. The tour guide Liu Yan, a dignified and intelligent woman whose father is a farmer (she loves athletics and foreign languages, and has studied martial arts), led them through the history of myths and legends.<br />
<br />
“请问刘小姐,这里为什么叫蓬莱呢?”<br />
<br />
"Excuse me, Miss Liu, why is this place called Penglai?"<br />
<br />
“据说,当年秦始皇为了求长生不老药,曾来到这里,他突然发现海里有一片赤色,就连忙问随行的方士:’那是什么?’方士答道:'那是仙岛。’秦始皇又问:'那仙岛叫什么名字?’方士回答不上来,慌乱中发现海水里有一片海草,'蓬’和'莱’都是草名,方士就顺ロ应付说:'蓬莱。’从此,蓬莱仙岛这个名字就流传开了……”<br />
<br />
"It is said that Qin Shi Huang came here in order to seek elixir of life. He suddenly found that there was red color in the sea, so he quickly asked the accompanying alchemist: 'What is that?' The alchemist replied, 'That's an island for immortals.' Qin Shihuang asked again, 'What's the name of it?' The alchemist couldn't answer that. In panic, he found that there was a piece of seaweed in the sea. 'Peng' and 'Lai' were both grass names, so the alchemist responded, 'Penglai.' Since then, the name Penglai Immortal Island has spread..."<br />
<br />
“刘小姐,您刚オ说,八仙过海中的八位神仙,是在蓬莱阁上喝醉了酒之后飘然过海……请问,他们过海到哪里去了?”<br />
<br />
"Miss Liu, you just said that the eight immortals who crossed the sea were drunk on Penglai Pavilion and flew above the sea... Excuse me, where did they go after crossing the sea?"<br />
<br />
“传说很多。不过,今天的蓬莱农村,发生了翻天覆地的变化,我想,八位仙人 一定是留恋人间的新生活,投胎为农民企业家、专业户、个体户。如果先生和女士们有兴趣,不妨到蓬莱农村一游……”<br />
<br />
"There are many legends. However, great changes have taken place in Penglai's rural areas today. I think the eight immortals must be nostalgic for the new life in the world and reborn as farmer entrepreneurs, family which engages in a specialized trade and self-employed entrepreneurs. Gentlemen and ladies, if you are interested in these changes, why not visit rural areas in Penglai?"<br />
<br />
<br />
刘妍莞尔一笑,博得一阵喝彩! 一位外宾说:<br />
<br />
Liu Yan smiled and got a big round of applause! A foreign guest said:<br />
<br />
“刘小姐,你可以做何仙姑了!”<br />
<br />
"Miss Liu, you can be He Xiangu (one of the Eight Immortals)!"<br />
<br />
伊甸园的葡萄熟了<br />
<br />
Grapes in Garden of Eden are Ripe<br />
<br />
——商品生产观念的形成<br />
<br />
—The formation of the commodity production concept<br />
<br />
今天,庄户人的自给自足的传统观念像雪山一样崩塌了!<br />
<br />
Today, the traditional concept of self-sufficiency of farmers has been greatly changed!<br />
<br />
大姜家大队的300亩葡萄园,就曾经是一个和传统观念搏斗的战场！<br />
<br />
The 300-mu (a unit of measurement in China) vineyard of the Jiang family was once a battlefield, on which people fought against traditional ideas!<br />
<br />
开始,28岁的支部书记姜世谭,决定根据三中全会精神调整农业内部结构,拿出西南洼110亩水浇地改种葡萄,立时受到围攻,上面点名,下面咒骂,连老父亲也质问他:“现在国家提高粮价,你去种什么葡萄?”<br />
<br />
At first, Jiang Shitan, the 28-year-old Party branch secretary, decided to adjust the internal structure of agriculture according to the spirit of the Third Plenary Session, and took out 110 mu of irrigated cropland in the southwest area to replant grapes. He was immediately besieged. His superiors named and shamed him and the ordinary people cursed him out. Even his old father questioned him: "Now the country has raised food prices, why do you plant grapes?"<br />
<br />
为了使葡萄园方方正正,还要耕掉50亩漫脚面的麦苗,于是老队长姜世希领着四个生产队长和姜世谭滚打在ー起:<br />
<br />
In order to make grapes grow vertically, it was necessary to remove 50 mu of wheat seedlings that had grown a little, so the old captain Jiang Shixi led four production captains to fight with Jiang Shitan:<br />
<br />
“败家子儿！这是四五万斤麦子呀!”<br />
<br />
"You black sheep! This is 40,000 to 50,000 jin of wheat!"<br />
<br />
“老祖宗撇下这么点好地,你穷作!”<br />
<br />
"The ancestors left such a good place, but you miss this opportunity!"<br />
<br />
“你不是吃人饭长的……”<br />
<br />
"Didn't you grow up eating rice?"<br />
<br />
姜世谭被逼成个“红眼狼”,鞭子一甩:“耕!”他推着雪亮的犁刀,绿生生的麦苗被翻到地下去了！<br />
<br />
Jiang Shitan was forced into a "red-eyed wolf" (a person who is greedy) and whipped: "Plow!" He pulled the sharp plow, and the green wheat seedlings were buried!<br />
<br />
1983年秋天,葡萄熟了,一嘟噜一串地压满了架子,听听那些名字吧:龙眼、泽香、白茹、枣晶、贵人香、赤霞珠……姜世谭把全村老少六百口子请了来:<br />
<br />
In the autumn of 1983, the grapes were ripe, and the trellises were filled with grapes. Listen to those names of grapes: Longyan, Zexiang, Bairu, Zaojing, Guirenxiang, Chixiazhu... Jiang Shitan invited 600 people from all over the village:<br />
<br />
“今天请乡亲们来吃葡萄！一百多个品种管尝！大家边吃,边算一笔账,按市价这一嘟噜葡萄能卖一块钱,大家可以数数有多少嘟噜……”<br />
<br />
"Today, I want to invite you villagers to eat grapes! There are more than 100 varieties for you! You can eat and calculate the accounts. According to the market price, a bunch of grapes can sell for one yuan. You can count how many bunches of grapes..."<br />
<br />
数得过来吗?<br />
<br />
Can you count them all?<br />
<br />
最后的账目还是由会计算出来的,一亩葡萄的收益相当于1万斤小麦,100多亩葡萄超过了全村1500亩粮田的总收入！<br />
<br />
The final account was calculated by the accountant. The income of 1 mu of grapes was equivalent to 10,000 jin of wheat, and the income of more than 100 mu of grapes exceeded the total income of 1,500 mu of grain fields in the village!<br />
<br />
伊甸园的葡萄熟了,大姜家人的思想飞跃了！<br />
<br />
The grapes in the Garden of Eden were ripe, and the Jiang family had progressive thoughts!<br />
<br />
姜世谭又来了第二个惊险的跳跃:建立食品加工厂,生产葡萄罐头,增值！<br />
<br />
Jiang Shitan met the second thrilling challenge: setting up a food processing factory and producing canned grapes so as to increase the value of grapes!<br />
<br />
食品厂在斗争中建起来了,开工40天,产值就达14万元。<br />
<br />
The food factory was built in a struggle. The output value reached 140,000 yuan after 40 days of operating.<br />
<br />
“凡是要改革ー项事情,总是有阻力。毛主席去世后,两个’凡是’听得多顺溜? 一说毛主席有错误有缺点,农民根本不承认这个事。搞大包干、责任制,可又舍不得丢掉大锅饭;要搞商品生产,阻力更大,这次改革是农民改行呀!农民做工, 书记当经理。过去是春天捅一棍,秋天吃一顿,现在像《霍元甲》主题歌里唱的: ’沉睡百年,国人渐已醒,睁开眼吧,抬头看吧’,和几千年的小农生产方式决裂了。”<br />
<br />
"There are always obstacles whatever things we want to reform. After Chairman Mao's death, we are used to listening to 'Two Whatevers' (it refers to the statement that we will resolutely uphold whatever policy decisions Chairman Mao made, and unswervingly follow whatever instructions Chairman Mao gave). When Chairman Mao is said to have made mistakes and shortcomings, farmers simply refuse to admit it. When we introduce the household responsibility system, farmers still want to mess together to eat food prepared in a large canteen. It’s more difficult if we want to carry out commodity production. This reform will push farmers to change their careers! Farmers do the work, and secretaries are managers. In the past, farmers worked in spring and harvested in autumn. Now, as the theme song of Fearless sings: 'After a hundred years of sleeping, Chinese people have gradually woken up. Open your eyes and look up'. Now it is totally different from the peasant mode of production for thousands of years. "<br />
<br />
草店流行红裙子<br />
<br />
Red Skirts are Popular in Forage Store<br />
<br />
——生活秩序、审美心理一见<br />
<br />
—Life Order and Aesthetic Psychology can be Found<br />
<br />
一走进草店大队,不时地看到ー些穿红裙子的姑娘,那么惹目。<br />
<br />
As soon as I walk into the production brigade of forage store, I see some girls in red skirts from time to time, who catch my eye.<br />
<br />
她们来自何方?<br />
<br />
Where do they come from?<br />
<br />
两年前,党支部书记王明福六进天津请来ー个病休的女工程师,一下子给她涨了20级工资（月工资300元,路费、生活费全包）,建起了一个染线厂。结果是:请了一个人,办了一个厂,富了一个村。后来又在染线厂的基础上办起了羊毛衫厂。整个草店的生活秩序改变了,实行生产责任制后的两个“剩余”（剩余劳力、剩余时间）变成了两个“紧张”,又从外村雇用了 500多劳力,都是年轻的农村姑娘。<br />
<br />
Two years ago, Wang Mingfu, the Party branch secretary, hired a female engineer on sick leave in Tianjin, suddenly gave her a 20-fold increase in salary (her monthly salary was 300 yuan, and travel expenses and living expenses are all included), and set up a dyeing factory. As a result, a person was hired, a factory was set up, and a village was rich. Later, a wool sweater factory was set up thanks to the dyeing factory. The life order of the whole forage store has changed. After the implementation of the production responsibility system, the two "surpluses" (surplus labor and surplus labor time) have become two "tensions", so more than 500 laborers have been employed from other villages, all of whom were young rural girls.<br />
<br />
这些来自南庄北疃的姑娘们,一开始是带着一些羞涩和矜持走上草店那带有路灯的、25米宽的大路的。可是织布机很快改变了老一辈留给她们的旧有的生活节奏。她们不再像父辈们那样,日出而作,日落而息。这个“不夜村”里,她们见面不再用父辈的“上山下山”,而是互相招呼着:“你夜班?”“你白班?”“你上班?”“你下班?”每当说着的时候,你可以看出她们内心的自豪和欢悦。她们也像城里人ー 样,提兜里装上一个铝饭盒,吃饭的时候聚在ー起,说着班上的一些事情。她们织出的羊毛衫印上蓬莱阁图案,运到了东北、陕北、山西、河南……她们的审美观已不满足于过去的头上插一朵野花、扎一根红头绳,现在她们用自己挣的工资买来了最时兴的红裙子。（I changed 瞳 with 疃）<br />
<br />
These girls from villages across China started to walk on the 25-meter-wide road with street lamps in the forage store with some shyness and reserve. However, the loom quickly changed the old life rhythm left by the older generation. They no longer worked at sunrise and rest at sunset like their parents. Instead, in this "sleepless village", they no longer said "going up and down the mountain" like their parents when they meet, but greeted each other: "Do you work night shifts?" "You work the day shift?" "You go to work?" "You're off duty?" Whenever they talk, you can see their inner pride and joy. Like people in the city, they carry an aluminum lunch box in their buckets, gather together when eating, and talk about some things in the workshop. The wool sweaters they knitted were printed with Penglai Pavilion patterns and shipped to Northeast China, Northern Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan... They were no longer satisfied with putting wild flowers and tying red ropes on their heads in the past, but now they have bought the most fashionable red skirts with their own wages.<br />
<br />
去访问一个穿红裙子的姑娘吧!<br />
<br />
Let’s go and interview a girl in a red skirt!<br />
<br />
她叫姜利华,是附近上口姜家大队社员,今年21岁,她胖乎乎的,生着一个端正的小翘鼻子,头发梳成两个“把把”,发梢是烫过的,显得很有韵致。<br />
<br />
She is Jiang Lihua, a member of the nearby Jiang’s production brigade. She is 21 years old. She is chubby, has a straight, wide flat nose, and two braids. Her hair tips are permed, which makes her look very charming.<br />
<br />
“你为什么到这里来?”<br />
<br />
"Why do you come here?"<br />
<br />
“不愿意在家种地。”她爽直地向我笑笑,胖胖的手来回搓着。<br />
<br />
"I don't want to cultivate land at home." She said with a frank smile, rubbing her plump hands back and forth.<br />
<br />
“家里分那么几亩地,也用不着闺女家,还有她哥,她爹。”陪伴我的离职老队长在一边插言。<br />
<br />
"A family with a few mu of land doesn’t need the help of daughters. Her brother and her father will do it." The departing captain who accompanied me interjected at the side.<br />
<br />
“你打算在这里干到什么时候?”<br />
<br />
"How long are you going to work here?" <br />
<br />
“干到工厂’黄’了的时候……不’黄'就在这里干!”<br />
<br />
"When the factory is bankrupted... if it runs well, I will work here!"<br />
<br />
“你去年收入了多少?”<br />
<br />
"How much did you earn last year?"<br />
<br />
“1010块,年底开支一大摞,没敢往家喊（拿）,公社信用社在这里,存了活期, 存折交给俺爹……”<br />
<br />
"1010 yuan. Because there were a lot of expenses at the end of the year, I didn't dare to take home. The rural credit cooperative is here, so I saved money in a savings account, and handed the passbook to my father..."<br />
<br />
“你花钱怎么办?”<br />
<br />
"What will you do if you want to spend money?"<br />
<br />
“问俺爹要……哎呀,你记这些干什么?让人家笑话。”<br />
<br />
"Ask my dad to... Oh, why do you write down these? People will laugh at me."<br />
<br />
“你爹妈高兴吧?”<br />
<br />
"Are your parents happy?"<br />
<br />
老队长:“他们当然高兴,她一个人挣的顶他们全家!”<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Of course they are happy. She alone earns more money than the whole family combined!"<br />
<br />
姑娘抿嘴一笑:“以前俺上下班骑俺二姐的自行车,今年俺爹托人上北沟买了辆'金鹿’。他说:’华,这辆车子就是你的了,好好骑。’俺回家一干活他就说:’不用不用,你去睡觉吧。’大姐二姐都不如我。上夜班带饭,俺妈都非给两个鸡蛋拿着。”<br />
<br />
The girl chuckled: "I used to ride my second sister's bicycle to commute. But this year, my father asked someone to go to Beigou to buy a 'Jin Lu' (it is a famous bicycle brand at that time). He said, 'Hua, it is yours, so take good care of it.' As soon as I got home to do housework, he said, 'No, no, you can go to bed.' The oldest sister and the second sister are not as good as me. When I take meals on the night shift, my mother insists on giving me two eggs."<br />
<br />
老队长:“你看看那些上夜班的闺女,哪个不拿鸡蛋?早先还有她们的?都是 早晨打给她爹她哥吃了。”<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Look at those girls who work the night shift. Which one doesn't take eggs? In the past, it was impossible. These eggs belonged to her father and brother in the morning."<br />
<br />
“明天王绪庙会,俺妈说给俺和嫂子一人20元钱,再添些夏天衣裳。”<br />
<br />
"Tomorrow it's the Wangxu Temple Fair, so my mother said she will give me and my sister-in-law 20 yuan so that we can buy summer clothes."<br />
<br />
老队长:“还添衣裳！如今的姑娘家,哪个的衣裳都是一身一身的。也不嫌衣裳多了生虫子!”（I changed 氏 with 长）<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Buy more clothes? Today's girls have too many clothes. They do not worry about more clothes will attract bugs?"<br />
<br />
“出去旅游过吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have you ever traveled?"<br />
<br />
“还没有!”<br />
<br />
"Not yet!"<br />
<br />
老队长:“可不喜去,一点好处也没有。招远的一帮子坐拖拉机上蓬莱阁,车翻沟里去了,一下子死了俩！再说听景有景,看景没景。逛一趟泰山来回得花一百多,还不如在家里喝100斤酒!”<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Travelling is not preferred. It's no good at all. Some people in Zhaoyuan City went to Penglai Pavilion on a tractor, which turned over the ditch, and two of them died at once! Besides, listening to other’s introduction of the scenery is better than watching the scenery. It takes more than 100 yuan to visit the Mount Tai. It is better to drink 100 jin of wine at home!"<br />
<br />
姑娘没有吭声,也许她自有主张。<br />
<br />
The girl didn't say anything. Maybe she had her own ideas.<br />
<br />
回到招待所里,我思绪不能平息。过去这个村子是蓬（莱）黄（县）公路上的一个马车店,因兼卖草料而得名“草店”。至今老人们还能背下流传几辈子的歌谣: “草店穷,穷草店,吃水要走二里半,去时穿花鞋,回时露鸭蛋（后脚跟）,有女不嫁穷草店。”从歌谣中的“花鞋”二字猜测,这歌谣一定是受尽了苦楚的妇女们编出来的。而今妇女们进草店也不是那么容易了。王明福规定,来草店做工的姑娘除了要经过考试外,模样不耐看的不要,个头不高的不要——来记者照相没有机器高那还行吗?以后不光要会说中国话,还要会说外国话的——这里常有外宾来。<br />
<br />
After I returned to the guesthouse, my thoughts couldn't calm down. In the past, this village was an inn on Peng Huang (or Lai County) Highway, which was named forage store because it also sold forage. Up to now, the old people can still recite the ballad that has been passed down for several generations: "The forage store is poor. So poor the forage store is. It takes two and a half li to drink water. You wear beautiful shoes when you go there, but expose your heel when returning back. If you have a daughter, you won’t let her marry the guy in the poor forage store." From the words "beautiful shoes" in the ballad, it is guessed that this ballad must have been made up by women who suffered a lot. Nowadays, it is not so easy for women to be hired in this forage store. Wang Mingfu stipulates that girls who come to work here should not only pass the exam, but should be tall and easy on the eyes. After all, the reporter can’t take picture of her if she is not as tall as a camera. In the future, they should not only speak Chinese, but also speak foreign languages, because foreign guests often come here.<br />
<br />
在我门ロ一边,有一个卖杂货的摊贩,五十多岁年纪,戴着一副眼镜,一条眼镜腿断了,是用麻线拴在耳朵上的。在那些杂七杂八的货摊上,竟还摆放着一本《性的知识》,书的后面被老汉用钢笔把“0.32元”改为“0.45元”。黄昏,一个穿红裙子的姑娘匆匆走过我的窗前,她向四周瞥了一眼,丢下一元钱,拿起那本书,就红着脸跑开了。<br />
<br />
Near our door was a grocery vendor, who was in his fifties and wore a pair of glasses. One of his glasses legs was broken, so it was tied to his ears with a hemp rope. On those stalls with all kinds of matters, there was ''Knowledge of Sex'', which was surprising. At the back of the book, the old man changed 0.32 yuan to 0.45 yuan with a pen. At dusk, a girl in a red skirt hurried past my window, glanced around, dropped one yuan, picked up the book, and ran away with her face turning red.<br />
<br />
她们渴望了解世界,也渴望了解自身!<br />
<br />
They are eager to know the world and themselves!<br />
<br />
尽管还带着一点羞涩。<br />
<br />
Although they are a little shy.<br />
<br />
我看到老汉并未打算给姑娘找零钱,而是从屁股下的木箱里又拿出了一本《性的知识》,摆在原处,好像是唯一的一本。<br />
<br />
I saw that the old man did not intend to give the girl change, but took out another ''Knowledge of Sex'' from the wooden box under his ass and placed it on the original place. It seemed that this was the last one.<br />
<br />
文明,又被蒙上了不文明的尘埃。生活中的ー些事情,往往是这样以多种色调出现的。<br />
<br />
Civilizations get buried under layers of dust again. Some things in life often appear in various colors.<br />
<br />
村庄里的都市<br />
<br />
A City in the Village<br />
<br />
——金钱观念一瞥<br />
<br />
—The Introduction of Their concept of Money<br />
<br />
解放上海的时候,在广东同乡会门口的马路上,露天睡着我27军81师24I团 的一个年轻的机枪手,他有一米八的个子,打着绑腿,怀里抱着一挺“歪把子”。早晨醒来,他看到那高大的楼门上挂着一块牌子:“XX股份有限公司”。他好奇地问班长,那是干什么的?班长答不上;问排长,排长也答不上。后来得知,那是资本家集资做买卖......<br />
<br />
During the liberation of Shanghai, a young autorifleman from the 241 Regiment of the 81st Division of our 27th Corps fell asleep in the open air on the road at the entrance of Guangdong Townsmen Association. He was 1.8 meters tall, wearing puttees and holding a Type 11 light machine gun in his arms. When he woke up in the morning, he saw a sign hanging on the tall building door: "XX Co., Ltd.". He asked the monitor curiously. The monitor can't answer him and neither can the platoon leader. Later, he learned that it was capitalists who raised funds to do business...<br />
<br />
现在这个机枪手已经65岁了,他是孙陶大队“蔚阳农工商联合公司”总经 理——孙陶是烟台地区最早改为“公司”的大队。他毕竟不是当年的机枪手了,牙齿脱落,嘴巴瘪瘪的,有点像画中的“太上老君”,而他的改革的某些方面也带有封 建家长制的色彩。在“农工商联合公司”的牌子旁边,还挂着一块“村政府”的大牌子。他的穿戴也是几个时代混合着:上身着旧蓝布褂,下身穿军裤,脚上却跋拉着 泡沫拖鞋。左右上衣兜甩齐插ー支钢笔,显得不伦不类。窗外则同时传来机耕声和豆腐梆子声。<br />
<br />
Now this autorifleman is 65 years old. He is the general manager of Weiyang Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Joint Company of Sun Tao Brigade. Sun Tao was the first brigade to transform to company in Yantai City. After all, he was not the autorifleman of that year. His teeth fell out and his mouth was flat, which made him like the Daode Tianzun in the painting. Some aspects of his reform also had the color of feudal patriarchal system. Next to the sign of "Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Joint Company" was also a big sign of "Village Government". His dressing style was also a mixture of several times: he wore an old blue cloth jacket on the top, military trousers on the bottom, but wore foam slippers with his heels crushing the back of them. It was neither fish nor fowl to put a pen in the left and right upper pockets respectively. Outside the window, there was the sound of tractor ploughing and using wood blocks to sell tofu.<br />
<br />
“老李呀,一句话,我抓钱!过去咱总怕钱烧手,现在重点搞经济建设,这个观 念不转不行!我现在四个经理部:农业经理部、エ副业加工经理部、商业经理部、供 销经理部。农业经理部下设机械、饲养、技术队、林业队、二林队、鸡场、菜园子、花 场……エ副业加工部下设木业、石子场、预制件厂、面粉厂、挂面厂、铸造厂、刀具 厂、酿造厂……商业经理部下设中医、缝纫、塑料厂、冷食店、浴池、饭店、商店、糕 点、面包厂、水果、牙科诊所、照相馆……应有尽有,我要把孙陶建成个小城市,小上海。”我赞同地说:“你这里成了村庄里的都市了 !”<br />
<br />
"Old Li, in a word, I make money! In the past, we were always afraid that money burns a hole in our pocket, but now we focus on economic development. As a result, we have to change our concept! Now I have four management departments: agricultural management department, sideline processing management department, commercial management department, and supply and marketing management department. Agricultural management department consists of machinery, feeding, technical team, forestry team, chicken farm, vegetable garden, flower farm... The sideline processing department consists of wood industry, gravel field, prefabricated parts factory, flour factory, fine dried noodles factory, foundry, tool factory and brewery... The commercial management department consists of Chinese medicine, sewing, plastic factory, cold food shop, public bath, restaurant, shop, pastry, bread factory, fruit stalls, dental clinic and photo studio... I have everything. I want to transform Sun Tao into a small city like Shanghai." I agreed and said," It has become a city in the village! "<br />
<br />
他接下去:“你刚オ去洗澡了,我那个浴池怎么样?比你们济南不差吧!花了9万块!全是瓷砖铺地,从这里到黄县25里,到蓬莱40里,没有浴池!现在两毛五一个票,社员不用到河沟里洗澡了。青年妇女最愿意洗澡了,她们愿干净,过去都在晚上到河里洗一洗。凡来洗澡的人都说这是个好事!”<br />
<br />
He went on: "You just went to take a bath. How about my public bath? It's not worse than that in Jinan, right? It costs 90,000 yuan! The rooms are all paved with ceramic tiles. There is no public bath 25 miles from here to Huangxian County and 40 miles to Penglai! Now, with a ticket of 25 cents, members don't have to take a bath in the river ditch. Young women are most willing to take a bath because they want to be clean. They used to take a bath in a river at night. Everyone who comes to take a bath says public bath is a good thing! "<br />
<br />
“牙科、照相、水果这些小门面能盈多少利?”<br />
<br />
"How much profit can these small stores like dental clinic, photo studio and fruit stalls make?"<br />
<br />
“盈利不多,可碎金子也是金子呀!我的包子铺商号叫‘半分利’,它有吸引 力,喝茶水不要钱,都愿来。茶水喝多了,刮肚子,肚子空落落的,就要吃包子,不吃 包子,尿尿也是咱的肥料。别看这个小店,一年纯利润ー万四五千。”<br />
<br />
"There is not much profit, but it doesn’t matter! My Baozi shop is called Half Profit, which is attractive. It’s free for drinking tea, so everyone wants to come here. If you drink too much tea, you’ll feel hungry, so you’ll buy our Baozi. Even though you don’t buy it, your urine is also our fertilizer. Don't ignore this small shop, the annual net profit is 14,500 yuan."<br />
<br />
老经理好动,坐在沙发上讲着,不时探出身子拍打一下我的脚面:<br />
<br />
The old manager was hyperactive, sitting on the sofa, talking, and leaning out from time to time to pat my feet:<br />
<br />
“人是钱架的,鳖是水架的。过去是越穷越革命,老鹰拴在鳖脖子上,有能耐也 飞不起来！现在,为了抓钱,我还搞了个’集体入股’。最小十元一股,多者千元一股。农民攒钱怕人,这样入股,提高了集体主义思想,他觉得公司也有他的一份。 我带头入了一万元的股。股金分红按四六。彭真讲'把社会上资金集中起来,长期使用’,做事要有上面精神,打起官司来有说头。’肥水不外流’嘛！我还向你们牟平李德海介绍过这个法儿。”<br />
<br />
"Water is to turtles what money is to people. In the past, we were poor but we worked hard to reform, just like the eagle who was tied to the neck of the turtle, could not fly though it was capable! Now, in order to raise fund, I also promote collective ownership. You can buy a stock with 10 yuan at the minimum, or you can buy a stock with over 1,000 yuan. Taking shares in this way improves collectivism for farmers saving money are worried that others will steal their money. They feels that the company also has their shares. I took the lead to become a shareholder by buying stocks with 10,000 yuan. We’ll split the money forty-sixty. Peng Zhen once said, 'Pool the funds in the society and use them for a long time.' We should have the spirit of superiors so that we can find excuses when we start a lawsuit. 'Every miller draws water to his own mill.'! I also introduced this method to Li Dehai, your home folks in Muping."<br />
<br />
我说:“这种做法合适吗?”<br />
<br />
I said, "Is this appropriate?"<br />
<br />
他并不理会我:“上头财政把得那么死,我们自己为什么不能搞活点?反正在这个小村里我说了算。不宾（佩）服?谁的老婆在家干吗我都知道！我宾服李德 海这个人,有经济头脑。前ー阵子传谣言,说李德海被抓起来了,罪名是什么?’强奸妇女’!当时我就不信。”他忽然压低声音,“别说他那么大的家业忙得没有心思,就是有那个心思,像他这样的英雄还用强奸?……”<br />
<br />
He didn’t answer this question: "The requirements of finance are so rigid, so why can't we be flexible?" Anyway, I have the final say in this small village. People all admire me! I even know what other’s wife is doing at home! I respect that Li Dehai knows how to make money. A while ago, rumors spread that Li Dehai had been arrested. The crime is sex assault! I didn't believe it at that time." He suddenly lowered his voice," He is too busy in managing his own company. Even if he wants to rape a woman, a person like him needs to do that?..."<br />
<br />
对这话,我只能报以苦笑。<br />
<br />
To this, I can only laugh bitterly.<br />
<br />
神秘的登州商行<br />
<br />
A Mysterious Trading Company in Dengzhou<br />
<br />
——信息观念及其他<br />
<br />
—Information Concept and Other Things<br />
<br />
如果有人每年花3万元租金在城里租一层宾馆,你一定会感到不可思议,如果这个人是一个走出磨道的农民,那你更会惊奇不已！<br />
<br />
If someone spends 30,000 yuan a year to rent a hotel in the city, you will feel incredible. If this person is a farmer who walks out of the mill, you will be even more surprised!<br />
<br />
这是乡下农民进城办的ー个商行。宾馆门口“登州商行”四个钢铁铸的大字, 是花800元从青岛请了著名书法家写的。曾几何时,高晓声笔下的陈奂生在县城的宾馆里闹出了一通又一通的笑话,这个“登州商行”里是否还有陈奂生这样的农民呢?<br />
<br />
This is a trading company run by rural farmers coming to cities. The four big characters of "Dengzhou Trading Company" at the entrance of the hotel were written by a famous calligrapher invited from Qingdao by spending 800 yuan. Once upon a time, Chen Huansheng, a character in a work written by Gao Xiaosheng, made a fool of himself again and again in hotels of county towns. Is there a farmer like Chen Huansheng in this trading company?<br />
<br />
我在这个商行的总经理室见到的第一个人物是位20岁出头的姑娘,她叫吴鸿岩,圆胖胖的脸,扎两个把把,眉眼中带有农村姑娘的憨厚和灵秀。<br />
<br />
The first person I met in the general manager's office of this trading company was a girl in her early twenties. She was Wu Hongyan, with a round chubby face and two braids. From her appearance, I could find the characteristics of a rural girl, simple and smart.<br />
<br />
我进门时,她正俯在ー个大书案上从四十多份报刊中检索,把有关商品信息的 部分剪贴起来。有些报刊是我从来没见过的:《上海译报》《上海物资市场》《致富报》《市场周报》《经济预测》《农村金融》《深圳特区报》《湖南经济报》……<br />
<br />
When I entered the door, she was leaning over a large desk, searching from more than 40 newspapers and periodicals, and cutting and pasting some information about commodities. Some newspapers and periodicals I have never seen before: ''Shanghai Translation Newspaper'', ''Shanghai Material Market'', ''Success Newspaper'', ''Market Daily'', ''Economic Forecast'', ''Rural Finance'', ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'', and ''Hunan Economic Newspaper''...<br />
<br />
“你是秘书吗?”我发问。<br />
<br />
"Are you the secretary?" I asked.<br />
<br />
“没有那么大,是文书。”她赧然一笑。<br />
<br />
"No, I’m not a high-ranking member. I’m a clerk." She smiled bashfully.<br />
<br />
当知道我是职业创作员时,她竟和我从文学角度探讨起社会问题:“你说现在农民身上有没有阿Q精神?”<br />
<br />
When she knew that I was a professional creator, she discussed social problems with me from a literary point of view: "Do you think there is Ah Q spirit in farmers now?"<br />
<br />
我一下子回答不上来。<br />
<br />
I can't answer it at once.<br />
<br />
她认真地说:“我一直在想这个问题。阿Q精神是有的。农民和土地绑在一块儿,受了欺侮也走不出去,就得自己安慰自己。有时候没有阿Q精神就活不 下去。”<br />
<br />
She said seriously, "I have been thinking about this question. I think they have Ah Q spirit. Farmers have strong relationships with the land, and they can't go to other places after being bullied, so they have to comfort themselves. Sometimes they can't live without Ah Q spirit."<br />
<br />
这话不是在《文艺报》组织的农村题材座谈会上,而是出自一个穷乡僻壤的农村姑娘之口!<br />
<br />
This was not at the symposium on rural themes organized by Wen yi bao (Literature and Art Newspaper), but from a rural girl in the backcountry!<br />
<br />
她的哥哥吴鸿康走进来了,他是这个商行的副经理,也一起参与“农民政治经济学”的讨论:“农村有些干部很像’土皇帝’!责任制某种意义上就是分散他们的权力,冲破旧的组合!为什么责任制受到群众那么拥护?不值得干部思考吗?我们为什么进城?就是为了摆脱大队给我们的束缚！人挪活,树挪死。我们出来不是为挣钱的,为了干一番事业给他们看看!”<br />
<br />
Her older brother Wu Hongkang, deputy manager of this firm, came in and also participated in the discussion of peasant political economy: "Some rural cadres are very similar to local tyrants! In a sense, the responsibility system is to disperse their power and break through old patterns! Why is the responsibility system so supported by the masses? Isn't it worth thinking about by cadres? Why are we in town? Because we want to get rid of the shackles given to us by the brigade! Trees will die when moved, but people will become more alive. We didn't come out to earn money, but to show them our achievements!"<br />
<br />
吴鸿岩插话说:“农民进城办商行,免不了带有农民的痕迹。有了成绩容易满足,遇到挫折容易灰心丧气,办事不讲效率,拖拖拉拉。我们总经理对职员要求:农民进城必须去掉农民意识,搞商品流通,散漫不行。现在是信息时代,一些农民的旧习气不改,根本搞不好商品生产和商品流通。光蓬莱,我们这样的商行就有九 家,农民办的就有三家,竞争很厉害,不抓紧能行吗?我们搞正规化,每天五点半起床,跑步;六点钟回来,自学半个小时;七点开饭;七点半上班;中午十一点半下班……晚上九点又和全国各地办事处打电话,互通信息。”<br />
<br />
Wu Hongyan interjected: "When farmers go to cities to run a trading company, they will inevitably show the characteristics of farmers. For example, It is easy for them to satisfy with achievements, to be frustrated when encountering setbacks, to be inefficient and procrastinating. Our general manager asked the staff that farmers must get rid of bad habits of farmers when entering the city, because being lax won’t help commodity circulation. Now it is the information age, so commodity production and circulation will not be possible at all, if some farmers' old habits will not be changed. In Penglai alone, there are nine trading companies like ours and three run by farmers. The competition is fierce. Can we do it without working hard? We establish routines for them. They should get up and run at 5:30 every day; Come back at six o'clock and self-study for half an hour; Dinner is served at seven o'clock; Go to work at 7:30; Get off work at 11:30 noon... and call offices all over the country at 9:00 p.m. to exchange information."<br />
<br />
神秘的登州商行！<br />
<br />
Mysterious Dengzhou Trading Company!<br />
<br />
总经理侯日超出场了,夹着黑色皮包,穿着一身笔挺的西服,他40岁出头,方 方的额头,深深的眼窝,尖下巴,眼角有道道血丝,脸上表情淡漠,却隐示着ー种坚 毅。这个农民似乎是从地平线下突然冒出来的,不,确切地说,他是从土地里走出 来的,他大胆地割断了与土地的“脐带”,把承包的16亩责任田,全部转包给别人, 只要转包户每年向他全家每人提供200斤小麦、100斤花生,他用国家牌价购买,而 他和妻子都投身于这个商行的工作。他走出土地,同时也走出了自己的历史。作为ー个农民,他推过车,挑过担子, 整过“大寨田”,当过生产队长,还曾被评选为民兵“学习毛主席著作积极分子”。他好读书,好文娱,好搞创新性的玩意儿。当瓦匠,半年就掌尺,因为老瓦匠们舍不得花钱买工具,而他知道石家庄的泥板是最好的。村里搞剧团,他鼓鼓捣捣,组织起十来个人的小乐队。“文革”开始他又学会扎针,社员有个头痛脑热,不上公社医院,来找他。1983年承包橡胶厂,发了财,三个支部委员和一个大队长,天天去抢账,他一气之下走出了村庄……<br />
<br />
Hou Richao, the general manager, wearing a black trim suit, came. He was in his early 40s, with a square forehead, deep eye sockets, pointed chin, bloodshot eyes, and indifferent expression on his face, which showed a kind of perseverance. The farmer seemed to have popped up from below the horizon. No, to be exact, he came out of the land. He boldly cut off the "umbilical cord" with the land and subcontracted all the contracted 16 mu of land to others. As long as the subcontractor provided 200 kg of wheat and 100 kg of peanuts to his whole family every year, he bought them at the national quotation, so he and his wife devoted themselves to the work of this company. He walked out of the land and also out of his own history. As a farmer, he pushed cars, shouldered burdens, learn from Dazhai in agriculture" Campaign, worked as a production captain, and was once selected as an "activist in studying Chairman Mao's works" as a militia. He likes reading, entertainment activities and engaging in innovative things. When he was a bricklayer, he knew how to know the size in half a year, because the old bricklayers were reluctant to spend money on tools, but he knew that the clay tablets in Shijiazhuang were the best. When the village set up a troupe, he organized a small band of about a dozen people. At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, he learned acupuncture. Members who had a headache or fever didn't go to the commune hospital but came to him for help. In 1983, he contracted a rubber factory and made a fortune, so three branch members and a team leader went to take his credit every day. As a result, he left the village in anger...<br />
<br />
<br />
现在登州商行有四十多个职工,大都是在村里待得压抑的农民。侯日超一跃成为商行经理,下分经理办公室、供销科、总务科、财务科、信息科、工业科,现在分别在大连、沈阳、天津、北京、上海、青岛、哈尔滨等大城市派设有办事处和信息员。<br />
<br />
At present, there are more than 40 employees in Dengzhou Trading Company, most of which are depressed farmers in the village. Hou Richao has become the manager of it, and the company is divided into manager's office, supply and marketing department, general affairs department, finance department, information department and industry department. Now he has offices and information officers in Dalian, Shenyang, Tianjin, Beijing, Shanghai, Qingdao, Harbin and other metropolises.<br />
<br />
信息观念在他们身上的建立,使我惊叹不已。<br />
<br />
I am amazed at their information concept.<br />
<br />
“搞商品流通,必须到经济发达的地方去办,经济发达的地方文化也发达,文化 发达的地方,消费也发达,这样才能正确地了解市场。过去是秀才不出门,便知天下事,那是靠读书,现在光靠书本不行了,等书印出来,什么信息也晚了三秋。现在信息手段很多,电话、电报、广播、报纸、电视、联络网、社会交往。生产カ发展的历史,就是交往不断扩大的历史……马克思讲人与人之间的关系,是经济基础的核心,只有有了人与人之间的关系,才能去创造财富。现在我们采用了广泛联系的方针,在经济学上叫'广泛联合’,我们在这里是经营中心,在全国伸出了若干条腿, 借助各地大中心,发挥咱小中心的作用。这叫’经济横向联系’。”他随手撕下ー张 印刷的信息调查报告表,说,“在外的办事员、信息员、供销员定期ー个月寄回两 次。”这表上有物品种类、价格、规格型号、数量、信息编号、市场形势、预测分析,“我们还准备搞密码,考虑到经济信息要保密。我们还聘请了法律顾问、经济顾问、政策顾问。”<br />
<br />
"To engage in commodity circulation, we must go to economically developed places, where culture is also developed, and in the places where culture is developed, there is higher consumption level. Therefore, in these places, we can correctly understand the market. In the past, scholars knew what was going on in the world without going out, which depended on reading. Now, reading books alone can't do it. When books are printed, any information will be late. Nowadays, there are many means of information, such as telephone, telegraph, radio, newspaper, television, contact network and social communication. The history of production development is the history of expanding communication... Marx said that the relationship between people is the core of economic foundation, and only with the relationship between people can wealth be created. Now we have adopted the policy of extensive ties, or extensive alliance in economics. We are the business center here, stretching out a number of legs throughout the country, and playing the role of our small centers with the help of big centers in various places. This is called lateral economic ties." He tore off a printed information investigation report and said, "The clerks, information officers and supply and marketing staff who are outside regularly send it back twice a month." This form contained the type, price, specification, quantity, information number, market situation and forecast analysis of goods. "Considering that economic information should be kept confidential, we are also going to study cryptography. We have also hired legal advisers, economic advisers and policy advisers."<br />
<br />
在我面前的,绝不是“闰土”和“陈奂生”了 !<br />
<br />
In front of me, it was by no means Run Tu and Chen Huansheng (they are two characters in novels)!<br />
<br />
我顺手抓起一份信息剪报,在“山东莱芜羊里公社,可收获优质大蒜4万斤寻求销路”这一段文字下面有红笔标示。<br />
<br />
I grabbed an information clipping conveniently, and there was a red pen mark under the paragraph "In Yangli Commune, Laiwu, Shandong Province, you can harvest 40,000 jin of high-quality garlic, which are waiting to be sold".<br />
<br />
“你们准备买大蒜吗?”我问。<br />
<br />
"Are you going to buy garlic?" I asked.<br />
<br />
“香港八汇有限公司找我们订了 300吨,照国家外贸价。”<br />
<br />
"Hong Kong Bahui Co., Ltd. ordered 300 tons of garlic from us and will pay us at the national foreign trade price."<br />
<br />
“他们去莱芜联系过了吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have they gone to Laiwu to ask this thing?"<br />
<br />
“没有。大蒜价格还要落,现在去联系价格不好商量。”<br />
<br />
"No. The price of garlic is still falling. It is not easy to determine the price now."<br />
<br />
“你何以预测出大蒜要落价?”<br />
<br />
"How did you predict that garlic would fall in price?"<br />
<br />
“第一个信息,今年蒜薰多,蒜薰丰收,大蒜也必然丰收。现在买是我们求他,将来买是他来求我!”<br />
<br />
"The first information is that this year's garlic scapes are abundant, so garlic will be abundant. If we buy it now, we will be at a disadvantage, but if we buy it in the future, they will be at a disadvantage! "<br />
<br />
其机敏可见一斑。<br />
<br />
His cleverness can be seen.<br />
<br />
“我们搞的代购代销,是商品流通的一种形式,是市场调节的手段。现在我们 也考虑办工厂,先上纸箱厂、饮料厂、瓷雕厂、裘装厂——这个是和外商合办的。还 准备买专利……等到1985年可以打个漂亮仗,纯收入拿500万,向国家提供600 万元税收。蓬莱缺大旅馆,外国人来了还要回烟台去住。我们准备盖个十三层的高级旅馆,要有占地100亩的高尔夫球场,将来蓬莱以它特有的条件一蓬莱阁成 为烟台的贸易中心,吸引外商。他不了解你这些人,怎么投资?”<br />
<br />
"Purchasing overseas products for others and consignment are forms of commodity circulation and a means of market regulation. Now we are also considering the establishment of factories, including carton factory, beverage factory, porcelain carving factory and fur factory. The fur factory is jointly organized with foreign businessmen. I'm also going to buy patents... By 1985, I can make great achievements, with a net income of 5 million yuan and a tax of 6 million yuan to the country. Penglai has no big hotels, so foreigners have to go back to Yantai to live when they come. Therefore, we are going to build a high-class hotel with 13 floors and a golf course covering an area of 100 mu. In the future, Penglai will become the trade center of Yantai with its unique building—Penglai Pavilion, attracting foreign businessmen. If they don't know you people, how can they invest money? "<br />
<br />
他回身用拇指指指墙上的彩色挂历,那是一幅夏威夷海滩浴场的照片:“你看 这夏威夷海滨,我们蓬莱为什么不能搞成这样?”<br />
<br />
He turned around and pointed to the colorful calendar, a photo of Hawaii a seaside resort, on the wall with his thumb: "Look at it. Why can't Penglai be like this?"<br />
<br />
他的笑容中或有当年“乐队队长”的率直和快乐。<br />
<br />
His smile may have the frankness and happiness of the band leader of that year.<br />
<br />
“中国的革命,在某种意义上说是农民的革命,可是农民还没有得到应有的利 益。三中全会解决了这个问题,现在政策允许你的思维发展。过去在农村是智力 高的伺候智力低的。古话说:出头椽子先烂,烂也是ー辈子。不要珍惜你的生命, 一千岁又怎么样?要珍惜社会贡献……有人说我们吹牛X。随他!过去说吹牛X不纳税,现在吹牛X得纳税,不信试试!”<br />
<br />
"China's revolution is the farmers’ revolution in a sense, but they have not yet got the benefits they deserve. The Third Plenary Session solved this problem, and now the policy allows you to think out of the box. In the past, people in the countryside with high intelligence served people with low intelligence. As the old saying goes, "If you stick your head out, you may be at a lifetime risk." Don't cherish your life. Who cares if you can live a very long time? We should cherish our social contributions... Some people say we are full of hot air. Who cares! In the past, it was said that bragging did not pay taxes, but now bragging has to pay taxes. If you don't believe it, just try it!"<br />
<br />
第四章在历史的接合部上<br />
<br />
Chapter 4 At the Junction of History<br />
<br />
是的,无数个瞬间,组成了人类历史的长河。<br />
<br />
Yes, countless moments constitute the long river of human history.<br />
<br />
历史学家在研究历史的时候,没有忽视“瞬间”这个历史的“微粒”。战争的决胜,国家的兴衰,在某个瞬间所引起的质变:项羽鸿门宴却步于樊哙之勇,司马懿一念败退于诸葛亮的空城计,希特勒对盟军诺曼底登陆之失算……历史往往在某个瞬间悄悄地开始了一个时代。国家、民族的命运是这样,个人的命运也是这样。但历史毕竟是个记忆衰退的老人,它向后人叙述的,大都是些概念,而文学,却需要到光阴之河里去捕捞无数充满感情色彩的细节,组成它的艺术生命。趁历史还没有走远,我们还来得及去回首看一看那打着时代变革印记的无数个瞬间。<br />
<br />
When historians study history, they do not ignore the moments, which constitute the long river of human history. The decisive victory of a war, the rise and fall of a country, and the qualitative changes caused by a certain moment can be seen in history. Xiang Yu's Feast at Swan Goose Gate was discouraged from Fan Kuai's courage. Sima Yi failed because of Zhuge Liang's Empty Fort Strategy. Hitler made mistakes about his allied forces’ Normandy landings... History often quietly started an era at a certain moment. This is the fate of a country and a nation, and so is the fate of an individual. However, history is an old man with declining memory, and most of what he narrates to future generations are concepts. But if we want to know literature, we need to go to the river of time to salvage countless emotional details to form its artistic life. While history has not gone far, we still have time to look back and see the countless moments marked by the changes of the times.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他们像没娘的孩子<br />
<br />
At That Moment, They Were Like Motherless Children<br />
<br />
——困惑篇<br />
<br />
—Confusion<br />
<br />
“辛辛苦苦30年,一夜回到解放前！呜呜呜……”<br />
<br />
"After 30 years of hard work, The situation is changed into that before liberation overnight! Boohoo..."<br />
<br />
烟台地区责任制的巨大闸门终于被撬动起来之时,在栖霞县ー个山沟的野夼大队办公室里,7个党支部委员对着毛主席的画像伤心地哭了起来。<br />
<br />
When the huge gate of the responsibility system in Yantai area was finally opened, seven Party branch members in the Yekuang brigade office of a ravine in Qixia County cried sadly at the portrait of Chairman Mao.<br />
<br />
他们平均55岁,7个人中有6个当过八路军、3个二等残疾军人一个个是共 产党的忠诚战士。这里是革命老区,许世友司令员曾住在附近的东下布。他们给子弟兵缝过军装,养过伤员……是社会主义救了这个旧社会有名的“叫花子布”，今天有了果园,有了水库,有了马车,有了柴油机和拖拉机……<br />
<br />
They were 55 years old on average. Six of the seven have worked in the Eighth Route Army, and three were second-class disabled soldiers. All of them were loyal fighters of the Communist Party. This was an old revolutionary base area, and Commander Xu Shiyou once lived in Dongxiabu nearby. They sewed military uniforms for their soldiers and raised the wounded... It was socialism that saved the famous backcountry in the old society. Today, there are orchards, reservoirs, carriages, diesel engines and tractors...<br />
<br />
这些家业,都是他们听毛主席的话带领群众创出来的。今天毛主席订的某些章程要更改了,是在他老人家已经不在了的时候……<br />
<br />
These possessions were created by them who led masses and followed Chairman Mao. Today, some constitutions made by Chairman Mao have to be changed when he has gone...<br />
<br />
“呜呜呜……”老年人的哭声是悲怆的。<br />
<br />
"Boohoo..." They wailed.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他痛苦地否定了自己<br />
<br />
At That Moment, He Painfully Denied Himself<br />
<br />
——省悟篇<br />
<br />
—Enlightenment<br />
<br />
这是个倔老头儿!<br />
<br />
This is a stubborn old man!<br />
<br />
他很少服输。“文化大革命”中一连斗了他33次,在黄县,造反派都说他磨山 迟家是“小台湾”,而他迟本达,就是顽固不化的“蒋光头”。在批斗大会上,“造反派”踢他一脚,他当即回敬一拳,硬是把“造反派”给打散了。后来,他磨山迟家成了“红色革命根据地”,县里的老干部,干社会主义的“铁柱子”,每天有几百人在这里吃饭。现在他大小机械100多台,汽车3辆,拖拉机6台,果园!000亩,还搞不过你的“大包干”?他有空就悄悄往邻队地里一蹲,不是去学习,而是挑刺儿。<br />
<br />
He seldom admitted defeat. During the Cultural Revolution, he experienced struggle sessions 33 times in a row. In Huang County, the rebels said that residents in the Moshanchijia village was Taiwanese, and he Chi Benda was the stubborn Chiang Kai-Shek. During the struggle session, when the rebels kicked him, he immediately responded with a punch, which dealt a blow to them. Later, this village became a revolutionary base; the Chi family became veteran cadre in the county and the backbone of socialism. Hundreds of people eat there every day. Now he has more than 100 machines, large and small, 3 cars, 6 tractors and 1000 mu of orchards. Isn’t it better than the household responsibility system? When he was free, he quietly appeared in the neighboring team, not to study, but to find fault.<br />
<br />
和共和国同龄的县委书记杜世成,苦口婆心来劝说:“还是搞责任制好,700户社员,就有700个’队长’,专业化、社会化是今后的方向。”<br />
<br />
Du Shicheng, secretary of the county party committee, was born in 1949, when the People’s Republic of China was found. He did his best to convince Chi and said: "It is better to engage in the household responsibility system. There are 700 captains for 700 households. Specialization and socialization are the future direction."<br />
<br />
老头儿不服劲儿,又不得不做出样子,把大锅饭改成“中锅饭”,ー个大队分成 两个,12个生产队分成了 24个生产组,中央不是说“多种形式”吗?<br />
<br />
The old man disagreed with him, but had to pretend to comply with his instructions, so he changed food prepared in a large canteen into food prepared in a medium-sized canteen. Besides, one brigade was divided into two, and 12 production teams were divided into 24 production groups. After all, the central government said they could introduce various forms.<br />
<br />
年底公社列表张榜,挂到会议室正面墙上,迟本达不敢过去正视,因为磨山迟家这个一向当“领头雁”的,一下子变成了尾巴梢子,简直令人不敢相信,却又是千真万确的事实!<br />
<br />
At the end of the year, the commune list was posted and hung on the front wall of the conference room. Chi Benda did not dare to face it up, because Chi's family, who has always taken the lead, suddenly performed bad, which was unbelievable, but was also real!<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,老头子垂下了白花花的脑袋,却装着用手去搔头……<br />
<br />
At that moment, the old man hung down his head with gray hair, but he pretended to scratch his head with his hands...<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他失明的双目透进了阳光<br />
<br />
At That Moment, His Blind Eyes Feel Sunshine<br />
<br />
——信仰篇<br />
<br />
—Faith<br />
<br />
掖县是烟台地区的“西南大门”,紧挨着责任制搞得较早的昌潍地区。当初有的领导同志曾提出:“掖县要挡住西南风!”<br />
<br />
Ye County is the southwest gate of Yantai City, and it is next to Changwei area where the household responsibility system was established earlier. At the beginning, some leading comrades once said: "Ye County should block the southwest wind!"<br />
<br />
一个双目失明的瘦小老人点着一根七尺长的竹竿走出来了,他是掖县过西乡徐家大队的当家人徐斌。这个双目失明的人当了30多年支部书记,他用一根竹竿探路,带着全村600多户人家,两千多口子人,从昨天走到今天。<br />
<br />
A skinny old man who was blind came out with a seven-chi bamboo pole. He was Xu Bin, the head of Xu family brigade in Guoxi Township, Ye County. This blind man has been a branch secretary for more than 30 years. He used a bamboo pole to explore the way and took more than 600 households and more than 2,000 people in the village from the past to the present.<br />
<br />
一切都是摸索过来的。这或许反映了中国农民在特殊条件下的历史进程!<br />
<br />
He explored everything, which may reflect the historical process of Chinese farmers under special conditions!<br />
<br />
他是怎样把徐家大队领成一个“先进”啊一竹竿上刻着尺寸,翻过的地,他 要逐块去量一量,看是否够深度。社员剜谷苗,他要去摸一摸稀疏。到后来,有的社员锄地光锄地头,糊弄他这个瞎汉,他检查生产,不得不点着ー根竹竿,向青纱帐深处走去。过去,这一些被当作先进事迹,在各种会议上介绍,那其实是ー种多么深刻的悲剧,一种多么令人痛心的象征! !<br />
<br />
How did he lead the Xu family brigade into an advanced brigade? A bamboo pole was engraved with dimensions, so he had to measure the land one by one to see if it was deep enough. When members cut the grain seedlings, he was going to feel whether they were sparse. Later, some members only hoed in edge of a field to fool him because he was blind. Therefore, when he checked production, he had to walk with his bamboo pole to the depths of green fields. In the past, these were regarded as advanced deeds and introduced at various conferences. What a profound tragedy and a sad symbol!!<br />
<br />
他率先实行了生产责任制。用竹竿捅破那长期以来形成的不符合实际情况的固有观念!<br />
<br />
He took the lead in implementing the production responsibility system, so he eliminated the inherent concept that has taken root for a long time and did not conform to the actual situation with his bamboo pole!<br />
<br />
他率先发展了商品生产,办起了糖厂、面粉加工厂、冰库（这是我见到的第一座 农民冰库）、修配厂……<br />
<br />
He spearheaded the commodity production, like a sugar factory, a flour processing factory, an icehouse (this was the first farmer icehouse I have seen) and a repair factory...<br />
<br />
他不能看电影,却在全公社修起了第一座带座位的农民影院;他不能看书,却 办起了有数千册藏书的图书馆;他没有孩子在身边,却修起了连联合国的考察团也为之咋舌的幼儿园。<br />
<br />
He was unable to watch movies, but he built the first farmer cinema with seats in the whole commune. He was unable to read books, but he has set up a library with thousands of books. He had no children around, but he has built a kindergarten that even amazed the United Nations delegation.<br />
<br />
他看不见色彩,却在创造着彩色的生活！<br />
<br />
He can't see color, but he was creating a colorful life!<br />
<br />
王济夫带着《烟台日报》的总编辑刘鹏雁来到这里,激动不已,对总编辑说: “掖县有了领头人,发个头条!”<br />
<br />
When Wang Jifu came here with Liu Pengyan, editor-in-chief of Yantai Daily, he was excited and said to the editor-in-chief: "Ye County has a leader, so let’s make him hit the headlines!"<br />
<br />
理解,你是阳光,把心灵的阴影驱散。<br />
<br />
Understanding is sunshine, dispelling the shadow of a soul.<br />
<br />
徐斌像保存家珍似的把这份剪报贴在一个本子上。<br />
<br />
Xu Bin pasted this newspaper clipping on a notebook like keeping a family treasure.<br />
<br />
“还有磁带,是中央电台录制的,我拿给你听听。”他瞎瞎摸摸,挪动着瘦瘦的身躯,哼着小调,把磁带装到录音机里,按动开关,于是,关于他生命的信息,从女广播员那脆亮而充满感情的播音中传达出来:<br />
<br />
"There is also a tape, which was recorded by the central radio station. I will show it to you." He fumbled, moved his thin body, hummed a tune, loaded the tape into the tape recorder, and turned it on. So the message about his life was conveyed from the crisp and emotional voice of a female announcer:<br />
<br />
“《当你回首往事的时候》……”<br />
<br />
"When you look back..."<br />
<br />
我坐在他的侧面,看到他仍然沉浸在广播员那动情的朗诵之中。我看到了黑镜片后面那畸形的深陷的眼窝,像两个喷发过岩浆的火山口,他的嘴在微微翕动着。仅存无几的睫毛上沾着水汽,红红的眼窝噙满了泪水,那心灵的潮汛终于汇集成一股水流,向下淌去……<br />
<br />
I sat on his side and saw that he was still immersed in the emotional recitation of the announcer. I saw behind the black glasses the deformed, sunken eye sockets, like two craters of lava, and his mouth moved slightly. His eyelashes that had not been much left were covered by a layer of saturated vapour of water, and the red eye sockets were full of tears. Finally, his tears, the vent to his soul, fell down...<br />
<br />
我上车时,他伸出瘦瘦的手来向前摸索着,我知道他是在寻找我,要和我握别。<br />
<br />
When I got into the car, he stretched out his thin hand and groped forward. I knew he was looking for me because he wanted to shake my hands at parting.<br />
<br />
我握着他的手,久久不愿松开。<br />
<br />
I held his hands and refused to let go for a long time.<br />
<br />
在这一瞬间我想到:痛苦在于我们这些不失明的人,让一个失明的战士为我们探路！<br />
<br />
At this moment, I thought that the pain lies in us who were not blind, because we let a blind soldier explore the way for us!<br />
<br />
他是在用心看着道路。<br />
<br />
He looked at the way with his heart, not his eyes.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他求告无望,横下一条心<br />
<br />
At That Moment, He Failed to Receive Help, So He Determined to Do Something<br />
<br />
——励志篇<br />
<br />
—An Inspirational Story<br />
<br />
笑容,你来得是那么容易的吗?<br />
<br />
Smile, is it so easy for you to come?<br />
<br />
谭绪佑离开“大锅饭”时也感到过无所适从,过去的一切都是队上的“父母官”包揽,现在,他这瘦巴巴、一头卷发的汉子要自己去闯生活之路。<br />
<br />
Tan Xuyou felt at a loss when he no longer ate food prepared in a large canteen. In the past, everything was taken care of by members on the production team. Now, he, a thin man with curly hair, has to go his own way of life.<br />
<br />
到淄博去,嫂表弟建议他上个小作坊,生产“浮球式比重仪”,那是一家研究所设计的新产品。谭绪佑壮着胆子接回来试制,二十天后带着五只样品去了,研究所一鉴定,竟然惊奇不已:“这是你们搞的吗?国营厂三个月拿出来算快的!”<br />
<br />
When he went to Zibo, his cousin suggested that he go to a small workshop to produce floating ball hydrometer, which was a new product designed by a research institute. Tan Xuyou got the courage to have a trial production. After 20 days, he went with five samples. The institute identified them and was surprised: "Did you do this? It is fast for the state-owned factory to make them in three months!"<br />
<br />
“武宁电器厂”的牌子在这个偏远的滨海村庄挂起来了,赞同的目光,惊讶的目光,疑问的目光,嫉妒的目光都投向这个白漆黑字的木牌牌。<br />
<br />
The sign of "Wuning Electric Appliance Factory" was hung up in this remote coastal village. People looked at this wooden plaque white and black with admiration, surprise, suspicion or jealousy.<br />
<br />
一个夜晚,木牌牌不翼而飞。<br />
<br />
One night, the plaque disappeared.<br />
<br />
扛走木牌的人显然不是因为缺柴烧。<br />
<br />
It was obvious that those who carried away it were not short of firewood.<br />
<br />
木牌不值多少钱,可那是门面啊,打人还不打脸呢。<br />
<br />
Wooden plaque was not worth much money, but it represented the owner’s dignity. For example, if you hit others, you wouldn’t punch their face.<br />
<br />
谭绪佑去报告“父母官”,路上看到大队仓库的后窗被人撬了,他怀着对集体的感情,一并做了报告。<br />
<br />
Tan Xuyou went to report to the members on the production team. On the way, he saw that the rear window of the team warehouse had been pried. He cared for the team, so he also reported it.<br />
<br />
当天下午,队上的仓库后窗就派人钉上了,谭绪佑却在家等,等,等……<br />
<br />
In the afternoon, the rear window of the warehouse on the team was nailed, but Tan Xuyou waited at home for a long time...<br />
<br />
谭绪佑猛然省悟到什么,跺跺脚,自己做了一个沉甸甸的大铁牌子,焊上挂柱, 垒进墙里去了。<br />
<br />
Something suddenly dawned on Tan Xuyou, so he stamped his feet, made a heavy big iron sign, and welded the hanging column to build it into the wall.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他怒发冲冠,破门而出<br />
<br />
At That Moment, He Burst Out of the Door in A Rage<br />
<br />
——求索篇<br />
<br />
—Seeking<br />
<br />
是铁,就要经受锤炼。<br />
<br />
If it is iron, it must be tempered.<br />
<br />
有人向黄县平里院大队书记战学忠介绍,平陵县有一套设备,能使粉渣酿出酒来。<br />
<br />
Someone introduced to Zhan Xuezhong, secretary of Pingliyuan Brigade in Huang County, that Ping Ling County has a set of equipment, which can make wine from powder residue.<br />
<br />
年轻的书记被这桩便宜买卖迷住了,花五万元钱把这套设备买了下来,由那边派师傅帮助安装。<br />
<br />
The young secretary was fascinated by this cheap deal, so he spent 50,000 yuan to buy it and an employee there would help install it.<br />
<br />
一天、两天、三天……<br />
<br />
One day, two days, three days…<br />
<br />
一个月、两个月、三个月 <br />
<br />
One month, two months, three months...<br />
<br />
社员们眼巴巴地望着,等着出酒哩。<br />
<br />
The members watched eagerly, waiting for the wine to come out.<br />
<br />
可是酒总出不来。<br />
<br />
But the wine never came out.<br />
<br />
战学忠打电报叫对方厂长来,杳无讯息。<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong called the factory director, but there was no message.<br />
<br />
那天早上,忽然有人告诉战学忠:那两位“人质”跑了。<br />
<br />
That morning, someone suddenly told Zhan Xuezhong that the two "hostages" had run away.<br />
<br />
战学忠赶去ー看,果然人走屋空,留在酒厂的设备,成了一堆废铁!<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong rushed to see it. Sure enough, people left the house empty, and the equipment left in the winery became a pile of scrap metal!<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,战学忠血冲脑门,狠狠擂动着门板,他意识到被骗了。牵线人和平陵厂方合谋,把ー套毫无价值的设备坑给了他们。<br />
<br />
At that moment, Zhan Xuezhong was in a rage and severely beat the door panel when he realized that he had been cheated. The matchmaker conspired with the Pingling factory and gave them a set of worthless equipment.<br />
<br />
5万元哪,平里院的父老姊妹口挪肚省的血汗钱哪!<br />
<br />
50,000 yuan, the hard-earned money saved by the young and old in Pingliyuan!<br />
<br />
战学忠带着合同到县经济法庭控告,花15元钱打印了一份诉状,直奔平陵县。<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong took the contract to the county economic court, spent 15 yuan money to print a complaint, and went straight to Pingling County.<br />
<br />
平陵县的法庭庭长回家收责任田的小麦去了。<br />
<br />
The court president of it went home to collect wheat from the field he was responsible for.<br />
<br />
战学忠在旅馆等了七天,后来终于见到了法庭庭长,庭长说:“办成办不成,先交2500元的手续费,相当你损失的百分之五。”<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong waited in the hotel for seven days, and finally met the president of the court. The president said, "Whether it is successful or not, you should pay a handling fee of 2,500 yuan first, which is equivalent to 5% of your loss."<br />
<br />
他已几乎囊空如洗!<br />
<br />
He was almost broke!<br />
<br />
战学忠直接找到了工厂里,厂里的人告诉他,厂长换了,不能办!<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong directly went to the factory, and the employees in the factory told him that the factory director had been changed, so they could not help him!<br />
<br />
痛苦,已经超出了经济的范畴。<br />
<br />
The pain was not only derived from the lack of money.<br />
<br />
那个“一瞬间”成了一服明目的良药,使这个1978年オ认识火车的“乡巴佬”学会了商品生产的市场调查、信誉调查。<br />
<br />
That moment became a motivation for this hillbilly who knew the train to learn the market research and credit investigation of commodity production.<br />
<br />
北京王府井商场一块“电动剃须刀无货”的牌子,使他跑遍了南京、杭州、无锡、上海,亲自写出了一份三万言的电动剃须刀商品调查报告,接着把落满伤心泪的烧酒车间改成了电器车间,前后不到8个月。第一批电动剃须刀组装起来,拿到县里去鉴定,那些长着大胡子的局长、科长还不识其为何物！<br />
<br />
Seeing a sign of "Electric shavers are out of stock" in Wangfujing Shopping Mall in Beijing, he travelled all over Nanjing, Hangzhou, Wuxi and Shanghai, personally wrote a 30,000-word survey report on electric shavers, and then transformed the shochu workshop full of his sad memories into an electrical appliance workshop, which was less than 8 months before and after. When the first batch of electric shavers were assembled and taken to the county for identification, those bearded directors and section chiefs still didn't know what they were!<br />
<br />
平里院电器总厂的大牌子就这样堂而皇之地挂起来了。年产10万只,畅销11个省市,年获利润12万元。<br />
<br />
In this way, the big plaque of Pingliyuan Electric Appliance General Factory was hung up in public. The annual output was 100,000 in 11 provinces and cities, with an annual profit of 120,000 yuan.<br />
<br />
战学忠,这个曾受过骗的农民企业家两眼闪动着智慧之光,一边和我吃着自制的牛奶冰棍,一边给我讲着“企业经”和“做人经”。<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong, a farmer entrepreneur who has been deceived, had his eyes flashing with wisdom. While eating homemade milk popsicles with me, he told me how to run a successful enterprise and how to be a decent person.<br />
<br />
“我们乡镇企业是’游击队’,打一枪换一个地方。国营办一个厂子,光厂房连 批带盖得一两年,咱有间房子先干起来,等你厂房盖起来,咱产品又更新了。乡镇 企业,必须看市场什么最活,最快……市场变化一天一个样,甚至一个钟头一个样。 商品的竞争,是技术的竞争,信息的竞争,也是时间的竞争,有技术不用,转眼成了旧技术,一切都在更新换代。我们队办工业现在是由密集型到分散型——好多工序在社员家里……”<br />
<br />
"Our township enterprises are guerrillas, and they change a place after they fire a bullet. Approving and building a state-owned factory should take one or two years. When we have a house, we can work first, because when your factory is built, our products will be updated again. Township enterprises must know what is the most active and fastest in the market... The market changes every day, even every hour. Commodity competition is the competition of technology. The competition of information is also the competition of time. If there is technology that you don’t use, it will become old technology in an instant, because everything will be updated. Our brigade's business is now intensive and decentralized, which means many procedures are finished in the members' homes..." <br />
<br />
“咱平里院人是有志气的。县里调我我不去,不是干不了,也不是因为待遇,我舍不得这么多好群众。在我有生之年,一定要给他们闯出一条路来,让贫穷、愚昧的状况一去不复返,让那些为革命献出血和汗的群众不再寒心。现在大队二十六户烈属,每年补他们每户2000元。现在平里院再不是让人瞧不起的时候了。”<br />
<br />
"We Pingliyuan people are ambitious. It's not that I can't do it or because of the treatment when the county promoted me. I don’t want to start the new chapter of my life without so many good people. In my lifetime, I must find a way for them so that they can be free from poverty and ignorance forever, and let those people who shed blood and sweat for the revolution stop disappointed. Now the brigade’s twenty-six households whose families are martyrs will be compensated 2000 yuan per household every year. Now Pingliyuan has passed the time when it was looked down upon."<br />
<br />
第五章属于自己的日子<br />
<br />
Chapter 5 My Own Days<br />
<br />
1984年初夏,中南海紫光阁毗邻的ー间办公室里,我和人民文学杂志社的周 明同志、王南宁同志,以及女作家张洁,坐在一位长者的对面,听他谈农村体制改革 的有关问题。他讲话的时候,用手拨动着写字台上的一个玲珑的地球仪:<br />
<br />
In the early summer of 1984, in an office adjacent to Ziguangge Purple Chamber, Zhongnanhai, Comrade Zhou Ming, Wang Nanning of People's Literature, Zhang Jie, a female writer, and I sat opposite an elder and listened to him talking about the rural system reform. As he spoke, he rotated an exquisite globe on the desk with his hand:<br />
<br />
“如果说中国的农业改革出现了奇迹,它的秘密在什么地方?我认为在’家庭’两个字。这是逼出来的。现在我们千万不能把家庭经营的基础搞掉。从农业上来说,在发达国家,大量存在的是家庭农场。加拿大家庭农场占百分之九十以上,在美国,取得效益最大的也是家庭农场。社会的发展,还受家庭发展的制约。中国的基本国情是家庭这个细胞根深蒂固。几个家庭结合在一起,就不如一个家庭发展快……<br />
<br />
"If there is a miracle in China's agricultural reform, where is its secret? I think it lies in the word family. Because there is no choice. Now we must not get rid of the foundation of family management. In terms of agriculture, there are a large number of family farms in developed countries. Canadian family farms account for more than 90%, and in the United States, family farms have achieved the greatest benefits. The development of society is also restricted by family development. The basic national condition of China is that the family is deeply rooted. If several families are combined, they will not develop as fast as one family...<br />
<br />
“中国农村的自然半自然、自给半自给的传统经营方式,将要被摧毁。一个巨大的、繁荣的中国农村市场将要在世界上出现!<br />
<br />
"The natural, semi-natural, self-sufficient and semi-self-sufficient traditional business model in China's rural areas will be destroyed. A huge and prosperous Chinese rural market will appear in the world!"<br />
<br />
“太平洋经济时代将要到来!世界的经济重心将从欧洲移到亚洲。在中国将要出现一条黄金海岸……”<br />
<br />
"The Pacific economic era is coming! The economic center of gravity of the world will shift from Europe to Asia. There will be a gold coast in China..."<br />
<br />
他又转动了一下地球仪,世界在迅速地旋转着。<br />
<br />
He rotated the globe again, and the world was spinning rapidly.<br />
<br />
我踏着旋转的地球,从紫光阁下走进了胶东的一座座农屋……<br />
<br />
Stepping on the rotating earth, I walked into the farmhouses in Jiaodong from under Ziguangge...<br />
<br />
兄弟们<br />
<br />
Brothers<br />
<br />
——关于性文化<br />
<br />
—Sexual Culture<br />
<br />
国外一位学者说过,只有当一个男人和一个女人结合在一起的时候才是一个完整的人,这也许就是某些长期过独身生活的人为什么在个性上存有某种怪癖的原因。<br />
<br />
A foreign scholar said that only when a man and a woman are together, they become complete people, which may be the reason why some people who have lived celibacy for a long time have some quirks in personality.<br />
<br />
我见到已经40岁的满玉贵时,他刚从滑石坑里爬上来。这个滑石专业户身上沾着白色的滑石粉,坐在那里,没有笑容,没有表情,没有言语,只是闷头抽着烟——他已被生活的雕刀雕刻成一个早衰的“滑石人”！<br />
<br />
When I met Man Yugui, who was 40 years old, he had just climbed up from the talc pit. This talc specialist is stained with white talc powder, sitting there, without smile, expression or words, just smoking a cigarette—he has been carved into an early aging "talc man" by the carving knife of life!<br />
<br />
满家是有名的“光棍堂”,兄弟三个,加一个老父亲。三间草屋住着四个光棍, 没有空间容纳异性。<br />
<br />
The Man family were famous bachelors, with three brothers and an old father. There were four bachelors living in three huts without room for the opposite sex.<br />
<br />
大队干部像在为一块化石做讲解:“……咱村守着滑石山,过去不让开,后来王 济夫书记在喇叭里号召大伙儿勤劳致富,弟兄三个去年干了一年,成了万元户……是不是玉贵?”<br />
<br />
The cadres of the brigade seemed to be explaining for a fossil: "... Our village guards the talc mountain and prohibited others from mining. Later, Secretary Wang Jifu called on everyone to work hard and get rich in the horn. The three brothers worked for a year last year and became the household with 10,000 yuan... Right, Yugui? "<br />
<br />
满玉贵抬起头来,不正眼看人,“嗯”了一声,又闷下头去。<br />
<br />
Man Yugui looked up, didn't look at people. "Yes", and he lowered his head again.<br />
<br />
“去年盖了四间新瓦房,老六说上了媳妇。先弟弟,后哥哥……是不是玉贵?”<br />
<br />
"Last year, four new tile houses were built, and the sixth child of your family got married. The First one who got married was your little brother, then your older brother... Right, Yugui?"<br />
<br />
这话半带戏谑,满玉贵脖子转了转,没有吱声。<br />
<br />
This was kind of banter, so Man Yugui turned around without making a reply.<br />
<br />
满玉贵也曾有过美好的青春年华,身上充满了生命的汁水。可是,当他进入 “青春发育期”的同时,也进入了“饥寒交迫期”。那一年,老五得了“老虎卡”死在医院里,交不上住院费,医院不让往回拉尸首,一家人四处求借,又把一口半大猪卖掉,才把小尸首拉回来。没几天老三得了同样的病,医院干脆拒之门外,活活死在家里了。<br />
<br />
Man Yugui once had the best years, and his body was full of the juice of life. However, when he entered the puberty period, he also entered the "hunger and cold period". That year, Lao Wu infected leprosy and died in the hospital. They couldn't pay the hospitalization fee, so the hospital wouldn't let them pull the corpse back. The family asked for loans everywhere, and sold a pig neither too big nor too little so that they could pull the corpse back. A few days later, the third child got the same disease, so the hospital simply turned away and the child died at home.<br />
<br />
从那,900元的债务一直压得四条汉子直不起腰来。<br />
<br />
Since then, the debt of 900 yuan put pressure on the four men.<br />
<br />
一位心理学家说,青年期的本能发动是青年人格再造的契机。面前端坐不动的满玉贵,不正是由于两种饥饿、两种压抑造成的性格的变形吗?<br />
<br />
A psychologist said that the instinct of youth is an opportunity for young people to rebuild their personality. For Man Yugui, who sat still, was it not because of the deformation of character caused by two kinds of hunger and two kinds of depression?<br />
<br />
“你们都帮帮他的忙啊!”我对众人说。<br />
<br />
"You all help him!" I said to everyone.<br />
<br />
有人插话:“前天邻村一个治保主任坐拖拉机摔死了,撇下媳妇和两个孩子。”<br />
<br />
Someone interjected: "The day before yesterday, a security director in a neighboring village fell to his death on a tractor, leaving his wife and two children."<br />
<br />
我说:“抓紧给办!”<br />
<br />
I said, "Hurry up and fix them up!"<br />
<br />
一个笑容在满玉贵脸上闪过,充满羞涩,也充满向往,像乌云遮蔽的天空忽然显出的一道霞光,把一个秘密也透露出来——前些年由于物质生活的匮乏,这个老光棍已经断了娶亲的念头,现在的致富之路又唤起了他的阳刚萌动,“死灰复燃”。不久前,县里开专业户代表大会,满玉贵特意去做了一身料子服,他要像个人样地走在女同胞面前！<br />
<br />
He flashed a smile, full of shyness and yearning, like a sudden glow in the sky covered by dark clouds, revealing a secret. A few years ago, due to the lack of material life, this old bachelor had given up getting married, but now his wealth aroused his masculinity. Not long ago, the county held a specialist congress, and Man Yugui specially tailored a woollen cloth to his needs. He wanted to walk in front of women in dignity!<br />
<br />
今天的性文化尚受着经济的制约。当我们清算“左”的路线对中国农村造成 的挫伤时,很少把性——这一具有人类意义的事情考虑在内！<br />
<br />
Today's sex culture is still restricted by economy. When we think of the influence caused by the left-wing politics to rural China, we seldom take sex, which is of human significance, into account!<br />
<br />
“你要去坑里看看吗?就早一些……”满玉贵面孔对着我,眼睛却不看我。<br />
<br />
"Do you want to go to the pit to have a look? Just earlier..." Man Yugui faced me, but he didn't look at me.<br />
<br />
我随他下到了深深的滑石坑里,那里面又潮湿又黑暗,有些地方要趴下身子才能过得去。<br />
<br />
I followed him down into the deep talc pit, which was damp and dark, and there were places where I had to lie down to get by.<br />
<br />
他每天就下到这里面,跪在地上,用镐头一下下刨掘着,然后用辘伊绞上去。那是对自己命运的刨掘,对失去年华的刨掘,他要从那里面寻找出失落的希望吗?<br />
<br />
He goes down here every day, kneels on the ground, digs down with a pick, and then use manual crane to send talc up. Is that the digging of his own destiny, the digging of the lost years? And dose he want to find out the lost hope from it?<br />
<br />
回到满玉贵家来,76岁的老父亲气喘吁吁地对我说:“早年给玉贵提亲的也有,一打听,弟兄多,不干;这几年有提的,问有房吗? 一听还没盖,又不干。哥哥没有,弟弟也不找,两个都误下了……这眼下钱不愁了,俺打算再盖他八间房,给老大和老二娶上媳妇,俺也就没心事啦。”<br />
<br />
When I returned to Man Yugui's home, his 76-year-old father panted and said to me: "There were also people who proposed marriage to Yugui in the early years. After they inquired, they found there were many brothers so they gave up. In recent years, some people also proposed marriage. After they knew we didn’t have a house, they gave up. The older brother didn’t find a wife, so the younger brother also didn’t do that. Both of them missed good timing... Now we are free from worries of money, so I plan to build many houses for them to marry a daughter-in-law. After that, I have nothing on my mind."<br />
<br />
对面是老六的新房。那是沙漠里的一片绿洲,那是一座不会幻灭的“海市蜃楼”！<br />
<br />
Opposite was the sixth child's new house. It was an oasis in the desert, a mirage that will not be disillusioned!<br />
<br />
新房是一个诱人的红火的世界。顶棚上裱着粉红色的花纸,坑上放着火红花被。屋子里到处都是“花”:花瓶里插着的,镜子上挂着的,塑料花盆里“开”着的, 还有缝纫机上蒙着的……玻璃板下压着小夫妻到大连旅游结婚留下的合影。有一幅是在圆明园“创造世界”的石碑下照的。新房充满了温馨的气息。<br />
<br />
The new house was an attractive red world. The ceiling was plastered with pink flower paper, and red flower quilts were placed on the heatable brick bed. There were "flowers" everywhere in the house: those put in vases, those hanging on mirrors, those blooming in plastic flowerpots, and those covered on sewing machines... Under the glass plate were photos of this young couple traveling to Dalian for marriage. One was taken under the stone tablet of Creating the World in Yuanmingyuan. The new house was full of warmth.<br />
<br />
新媳妇从山上回来了,她粗壮,健康,圆圆的脸盘,双眼皮,长得很喜相,而且, 她的腹部已经微微隆起……<br />
<br />
The new daughter-in-law came back from the mountain. She was thick and healthy, with a round and endearing face and double eyelids. Her belly had slightly bulged...<br />
<br />
她走进了这个家庭,不但实现了一个“人”的个性的和谐与完美,也给这个濒于破灭的家庭带来了生气和活力。<br />
<br />
When she entered this family, she not only realized the harmony and perfection of a human personality, but also brought vitality to this shattered family.<br />
<br />
新媳妇在炕前叠着从院里收回的一堆衣服,不时用目光瞟一下陌生的客人。<br />
<br />
She was folding a pile of clothes got from the courtyard in front of their heatable brick bed, and glanced at strange guests from time to time.<br />
<br />
而满玉贵站在门外,一直没有踏进这个“世界”,也从不看他的弟媳一眼,只顾闷头抽着烟。阳光下,他的脸有几分涨红。<br />
<br />
Man Yugui stood outside the door, never set foot in this world, never looked at his sister-in-law, and he only smoked. In the sun, his face turned a little red.<br />
<br />
他站在幸福的门外,<br />
<br />
He stood outside the door of happiness,<br />
<br />
丢掉了钥匙。<br />
<br />
lost the key.<br />
<br />
他在等待着,<br />
<br />
He was waiting,<br />
<br />
寻找钥匙的人归来……<br />
<br />
waiting for the one who looked for the key returned...<br />
<br />
姊妹们<br />
<br />
Sisters<br />
<br />
——关于女性的尊严<br />
<br />
—About the Dignity of Women<br />
<br />
这是在著名的“金城天府”招远县城里,一个“姊妹理发店”的招牌,受委屈似的挂在凹进去的街面上。<br />
<br />
This is in Zhaoyuan County, the famous Jincheng Tianfu. The signboard of Sister Barber Shop hung on the crooked street as if it felt wronged.<br />
<br />
这招牌引起我的好奇心:“这是农村来的个体户吧?”<br />
<br />
This signboard aroused my curiosity: "Is this a self-employed person from the countryside?"<br />
<br />
陪同我的同志神秘地朝我摆摆手:“别提它了!”<br />
<br />
The comrade accompanying me mysteriously waved his hand to me: "Don't mention this!"<br />
<br />
“怎么回事?”<br />
<br />
"What's going on?"<br />
<br />
“不正经……卖淫。”<br />
<br />
"This is monkey business... prostitution."<br />
<br />
“这不会!”我不知为什么一下子就站在她们的立场上,“光天化日之下,怎么可能呢?再说有街道,有公安。”<br />
<br />
"Impossible!" I didn't know why I suddenly stood in their position. "How is it possible in broad daylight? Besides, there are streets and police."<br />
<br />
“街上都这么说。”<br />
<br />
"That's what all people say."<br />
<br />
“你见过吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have you seen it?"<br />
<br />
“没有。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“我们下午去理理发吧!”<br />
<br />
"Let's have a haircut this afternoon!"<br />
<br />
“不 我不去。”<br />
<br />
"No, I won't go."<br />
<br />
下午,我们还是一起去了。但陪同我的同志跨进姊妹理发店时的神色是紧张的,还下意识地回身看了一下是否有熟人瞧见。<br />
<br />
In the afternoon, we still go there together. But the comrade who accompanied me looked nervous when he stepped into this barber shop, and subconsciously turned around to see if any acquaintances had seen him.<br />
<br />
屋里的理发设施一应俱全。墙上挂着《大众电影》《大众电视》《人民文学》和一些小人书。长案上放着一些摇铃、汽车、吹塑动物等儿童玩具,长案下面还放着一些雨伞。经营者的慧心可鉴。<br />
<br />
Hairdressing facilities were available in the house. There were ''Popular Movies'', ''Popular TV'', ''People's Literature'' and some linked pictures hanging on the wall. There were children's toys such as bells, cars and blow mold animals on the long desk, and umbrellas under tit. The operators' wisdom can be learned.<br />
<br />
三姊妹身穿白色的工作服,正忙于刀剪声中。她们的年龄在16至25岁之间。 都生得白皙、苗条。老大温柔、沉静,烫着“波浪式老二留着“波卷式”,看得出性格比较活泼、伶俐;老三是“青年式”,嘴角上含着一股刚强之气。她们的目光一直低垂着,里面藏着沉重的东西。<br />
<br />
Dressed in white overalls, the three sisters were busy with the sound of knives and scissors. They were between 16 and 25 years old and were all fair-skinned and slim. The eldest was gentle, quiet, with wavy hair, and the second had shag hairstyle, which showed that she was lively and clever; The third had short hair, with an air of confidence on the corners of her mouth. Their eyes have been lowered, with heavy things hidden inside.<br />
<br />
大姐理完了一个,淡淡地望了我ー下,那就是她的语言了。我过去坐定后,主动和她搭讪:<br />
<br />
The oldest sister finished cutting one’ hair and looked at me gently. That was her language. After I went to sit down, I took the initiative to chat up her:<br />
<br />
“你们是从哪里来的?”<br />
<br />
"Where do you come from?"<br />
<br />
“陈家沙埠。”她很矜持。<br />
<br />
"Chenjia shabu." She was very reserved.<br />
<br />
“家里几口人?”<br />
<br />
"How many people are there in the family?"<br />
<br />
“七 口。”<br />
<br />
"Seven."<br />
<br />
“分了多少责任田?”<br />
<br />
"How many fields you are responsible for are divided?"<br />
<br />
“三亩。”<br />
<br />
"Three mu."<br />
<br />
“种地怎么办?”<br />
<br />
"What about farming?"<br />
<br />
“农忙了回去。”<br />
<br />
"When it is busy for farming, we’ll come back."<br />
<br />
“吃饭呢?”<br />
<br />
"What about meals?"<br />
<br />
“原来从家里带,现在买着吃。”<br />
<br />
"We used to bring them from home and buy them now."<br />
<br />
“住在哪里呢?”<br />
<br />
"Where do you live?"<br />
<br />
她乜了一眼镜子里的我,冷冷地:“城里。”便垂下眼皮,不愿再回答我的问话。<br />
<br />
She squinted at me in the mirror and said coldly, "In the city." She then lowered her eyelids and refused to answer my question.<br />
<br />
姑娘,你不要误解了文学,生活走到哪里,文学就跟到哪里。它愿做每ー个生 命的守护神,为她艰难的跋涉喊一声号子,为她暗夜的寻觅送ー支烛光。姑娘,愿 意向我打开你的心扉吗?<br />
<br />
Girl, don't misunderstand literature. Wherever life goes, literature will follow. It is willing to be the patron saint of every life, sing a work song for her difficult trek, and send a candlelight for her search in the dark night. Girl, would you like to open your heart to me?<br />
<br />
姑娘的名字叫郝朝霞,两个妹妹叫郝彩霞和郝丽霞。这是霞光一样美丽的名 字,却落在一个贫穷的村庄里。干部走马灯似的换了一茬又一茬,到如今村里一个工副业项目也没有。队里规定:凡是劳动カ都得向大队交费用。男劳力每年交二百,女劳力每年交一百（这和那些商品生产发展比较好的大队,给予农田补贴形成了鲜明的对比）。她们家欠着队里600多元的账,郝朝霞初中毕业后,只得辍学回村,跟着当理发员的父亲学起了理发……<br />
<br />
The girl's name is Hao Zhaoxia, and her two sisters are Hao Caixia and Hao Lixia. They are beautiful names like twilight colors, but these girls lived in a poor village. Officials have changed one after another, and now there is no sideline project in the village. It was stipulated in the production team that all laborers had to pay fees to the team. Male laborers paid 200 yuan a year, while female laborers paid 100 yuan a year, which was in sharp contrast to those teams with better commodity production development and agricultural subsidies). Their family owed more than 600 yuan to the team, so Hao Zhaoxia had to drop out of school and return to the village after graduating from junior high school, and learned hairdressing with her father who was a hairdresser...<br />
<br />
“姊妹理发店”的牌子在招远县城挂起来了!那店牌牌上的字是干了一辈子理发营生的老父亲亲手写的。<br />
<br />
The signboard of Sister Barber Shop has been hung up in Zhaoyuan County! The words on the shop signboard were written by their old father who had worked as a barber all his life.<br />
<br />
农村姑娘进城办第三产业,这本身就是一种挑战,向国营企业的“铁饭碗”挑战,向传统的习俗挑战!这种挑战必然要遇到传统势力的反击。<br />
<br />
Rural girls go to the city to run the tertiary industry, which is a challenge in itself, to the "iron rice bowl" of state-owned enterprises and to traditional customs! This kind of challenge is bound to meet the counterattack of traditional authorities.<br />
<br />
她们按照美的原则去修剪着生活,而生活却把丑恶推到她们面前——<br />
<br />
They trimmed life according to the principle of beauty, but life pushes ugliness before them.<br />
<br />
一群喝醉了酒的青工晚上闯进来,视这些农民的女儿如手心玩物,口出秽言; 一个心怀叵测的人把一张纸条塞给姑娘,约她幽会;捕风捉影的谣言随之而起……<br />
<br />
A group of drunken young workers broke in at night, treating these farmers' daughters as playthings and uttering filthy words. A person with sinister motives stuffed a note to a girl and asked her to meet secretly. Then people put two and two together and made five...<br />
<br />
在中国,有什么比这种道德的飞短流长更能置人于死地?有人要把无形的裹布重新缠到她们脚上。<br />
<br />
In China, what can kill people more than spreading embroidered stories and malicious gossip of them in terms of morals? Someone wanted to wrap the invisible cloth around their feet again.<br />
<br />
这个小小的理发店,离县政府并不远。但愿妇联、共青团的目光早日注意到她们!<br />
<br />
This small barber shop was not far from the county government. I hoped the All-China Women's Federation and the Communist Youth League will notice them as soon as possible!<br />
<br />
临别时我对她们说:“你们可以把土地转让出去,专一在城里从事这项工作,还可以在城里买地皮、盖楼房,理直气壮地生活!”她们不时地发问:“这行吗? 行吗?”<br />
<br />
When I left, I said to them: "You can transfer the land and do this job in the city. You can also buy land, build houses and live confidently in the city!" From time to time, they ask, "Is this feasible?"<br />
<br />
行的!扬起头来吧,姐妹们!你们已经作为先进生产力的代表,走上了历史的舞台！用你们手中的剪刀,去剪断传统束缚在你们身上的绳索。这是新的妇女运动史！在韧性的抗争中,取得你们的自尊、自强、自重、自爱！<br />
<br />
Sure! Raise your head, sisters! As representatives of advanced productive forces, you have stepped onto the stage of history! Use the scissors in your hands to cut the ropes that are traditionally bound to you. This is the new history of women's campaign! In the struggle of resilience, you gain your self-esteem, self-improvement, self-respect and self-love!<br />
<br />
女性的尊严,在你们自身的创造之中！<br />
<br />
The dignity of women is in your own creation!<br />
<br />
夫妻们<br />
<br />
Couples<br />
<br />
——关于夫妻关系<br />
<br />
—About the relationship between husband and wife<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系一:蘑菇,开门吧!）<br />
<br />
(Relationship one: Mushroom, open the door!)<br />
<br />
他,姜希增,腰里掖上一头“猪”,千里迢迢去山西原平农学院找一位李教授。 他在《中国青年》上看到李教授关于食用猴头菌可以抑制癌症的文章,专程去拜师——他的父亲和祖母都是因为癌症过世的。<br />
<br />
He, Jiang Xizeng, tied a pig to his waist and set out on the long trek to Shanxi Yuanping Agricultural College to find a professor Li. He read Professor Li's article about eating Hericium erinaceus to inhibit cancer in China Youth, so he made a special trip to formally acknowledge him as his master, for his father and grandmother both died of cancer.<br />
<br />
他从山西买回了菌种,他回家来搞的试验却失败了。<br />
<br />
He bought the strain from Shanxi, but the experiment at home failed.<br />
<br />
妻子史春芝犯了胃溃疡,在炕上一边哼哼一边抱怨:“家里穷得连饭都吃不上, 你把一头猪胡摆治了……”<br />
<br />
His wife, Shi Chunzhi, committed a gastric ulcer and complained while humming on the heatable brick bed: "We are too poor to eat food, but you should waste a pig..."<br />
<br />
姜希增一肚子火气正没处出,吼了一声:“老娘儿们家就会穷叨叨！”<br />
<br />
Jiang Xizeng found nowhere to give vent to his anger, so he yelled: "You old pussy chatters like a magpie!"<br />
<br />
这使史春芝大为伤心,她本来就满肚子委屈。当初和他结婚,那是冲他在外面“吃国库粮”,指望跟他“跳农门”,上大城市。1961年工厂下马,他捧着个“光荣证”回了乡。混不上吃,混不上穿,每年靠一位吃薪金的叔叔捎包旧衣裳、补贴20块钱接济。两口子每有龃龉,史春芝总少不了一句传统骂语:“当初俺上了你 的当!”<br />
<br />
This made Shi Chunzhi very sad. She was already full of grievances. She married him because he had urban household registration, and she expected to get rid of the identity of a farmer with him and go to a big city. In 1961, when the factory was closed, he returned to his hometown with a Certificate of Honor. He can’t make both ends meet, so he relied on an uncle who had salary to take old clothes and subsidize 20 yuan every year. Every time the couple had disagreements, Shi Chunzhi always cursed him out: "I was taken in by you at the beginning!"<br />
<br />
每听到这里,姜希增都不再吱声,好像这桩婚姻完全是由于他的骗局造成的。<br />
<br />
Every time he heard this, he stopped speaking, as if his scam was the culprit of their marriage.<br />
<br />
他想再去一趟山西,却筹集不起路费。<br />
<br />
He wanted to go to Shanxi again, but he couldn't afford the travelling expenses.<br />
<br />
后来听说莱阳农学院也有微生物课程,便瞒着老婆骑上自行车去了,在学校大门口见人就拦:“哪个老师教微生物?管种蘑菇?”<br />
<br />
Later, he heard that Laiyang Agricultural College also had microbiology courses, so he rode his bicycle without telling his wife. He stopped everyone he saw at the gate of this college: "Which teacher teaches microbiology and know how to plant mushrooms?"<br />
<br />
史春芝一天没有见到丈夫,心中好生纳闷,待傍晚看到他又傻呵呵带着ー些菌种回来时,ー赌气关上了房门。<br />
<br />
Shi Chunzhi didn't see her husband for a day, so she was puzzled. When she saw him come back with some strains with an air of idiocy in the evening, she closed the door in anger.<br />
<br />
“他妈,开门吧!”<br />
<br />
"My wife, open the door!"<br />
<br />
没有吱声,和旧生活告别的夜晚是凄冷的。<br />
<br />
There was no reply. The night of saying goodbye to the old life is chilly.<br />
<br />
“蘑菇,开门吧!”<br />
<br />
"Mushroom, open the door!"<br />
<br />
蘑菇向他把门敞开了!他在室内试种了 20平方米的蘑菇,获得了可喜的 收成!<br />
<br />
Mushrooms opened the door to him! He planted experimentally 20 square meters of mushrooms indoors and got a gratifying harvest!<br />
<br />
姜希增又拿出半亩责任田来种植他的理想。1983年收入9000斤蘑菇,纯收入5000多元;菌种收入3000多元。还有个收益是老婆的变化,她的胃溃疡竟然吃蘑菇吃好了,脾气也变好了。<br />
<br />
Jiang Xizeng took out half a mu of farmland he was responsible for to plant his ideal. In 1983, he harvested 4,500 kg of mushrooms, and the net income was more than 5,000 yuan. The income of strains was more than 3,000 yuan. Another benefit was the change of his wife. Her gastric ulcer was cured by eating mushrooms and her temper has improved.<br />
<br />
现在姜希增是胶东有名的“蘑菇状元”。他不仅在本村带起了十几个专业户, 还搞“技术输出”,应邀到各地做技术指导,光缴学费的学生就有60多人。<br />
<br />
Now Jiang Xizeng is a famous "mushroom champion" in Jiaodong. He not only nurtured more than a dozen specialists in the village, but also exported technology. He was invited to give technical guidance in various places. More than 60 students paid tuition fees alone.<br />
<br />
“他出去跑,家里这ー摊子就揭给我!”史春芝爽快地对我说。<br />
<br />
"He went to other places, and I'm in charge of business at home!" Shi Chunzhi said to me readily.<br />
<br />
“你会吗?”<br />
<br />
"Do you know how to stay in business?"<br />
<br />
“看也看会了！过去我不是反对他,是对经济不放心。孩子还上学,拉下饥荒怎么办?现在他花3000多块钱买设备,我都不说他……”<br />
<br />
"I have been seeing him do this for a long time! In the past, I was not against him, but worried about money. Our children are still in school, so what should we do if we are in debt? Now he spends more than 3,000 yuan to buy equipment, but I don't even blame him..."<br />
<br />
姜希增自得地坐在“生当作人杰,死亦为鬼雄”的诗联下,他不但敲开了致富之门,也在“拜师”的热潮中得到了一种精神的满足,一种人格和道德的完善。现在他反过来挑剔着妻子:“老娘儿们家眼光就是短浅,光认钱。有几个钱,又烧得慌,要给孩子做’将军服’,你怎么不做个’元帅服’、做个蟒袍玉带?老百姓要穿老百姓服!”<br />
<br />
Jiang Xizeng sat proudly under the poetic couplet of "Be man of men while you're alive, And soul of souls if you're dead." He not only knocks on the door to be successful, but also gets spiritual satisfaction and personality and moral perfection in the upsurge of "taking others as their teacher". Now he is critical of his wife in turn: "You old ladies are short-sighted and only pay attention to money. If you have money, it will burn a hole in your pocket, and you want to make a general uniform for your children. Why don't you make a marshal uniform and an emperor’s uniform? Ordinary people should wear ordinary people's clothes!"<br />
<br />
史春芝像个少女似的,嗔怪地瞧他一眼:“就你能!”把一杯浓茶摆到他面 前……<br />
<br />
Shi Chunzhi looked at him like a girl, and rebuked: "You are too arrogant!" And she put a cup of strong tea before him...<br />
<br />
商品生产调节了这个家庭的夫妻关系,虽然它不免带一点“夫贵妻荣”的封建 色彩,但毕竟是靠自己的劳动换来的和谐和荣耀!<br />
<br />
Commodity production adjusts the relationship between husband and wife in this family. Although it inevitably has feudalism of "when husband is rich, his wife is proud", it is harmony and glory exchanged by one's own labor after all!<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系二:空中丝绸之路）<br />
<br />
(Relationship two: Silk Road in the air)<br />
<br />
我在牟平龙泉乡访问了一对年轻夫妇,他们乘坐飞机到西藏销售服装,开辟空中“丝绸之路”,充满了传奇色彩。这不仅意味着他们的时间观念和生活方式的改变,其中还包含着一种象征:新一代农民在起飞。<br />
<br />
I visited a young couple in Longquan Township, Muping. They flew to Tibet to sell clothes by taking a plane so as to blaze a Silk Road in the air, which was full of legends. This means not only the change of their concept of time and lifestyle, but also a symbol: a new generation of farmers is becoming better.<br />
<br />
小媳妇叫于政芳,今年23岁,她已经不甘于母亲那样的生活一把一双脚用 布裹起来,一生厮守着锅台和鸡窝。首先在“终身大事”上,她就挨弃了 “媒妁之言,父母之命”的旧传统。<br />
<br />
The wife was Yu Zhengfang, 23 years old. She was unwilling to live like her mother who wrapped her feet in cloth and stayed with kitchen and chicken coops all her life. First of all, in the lifelong important event, she abandoned the old tradition of an arranged marriage.<br />
<br />
从我记事起,村里就有一些不断翻新的有关婚俗的儿歌:“小嫂小嫂快快长,长大了跟村长,穿皮鞋嘎嘎响……”“ー个兜的靠边站,两个兜的看ー看,三个兜的叫爹也干!”发展到近来已是:“收音机带相片儿（电视）,缝纫机带锁边儿,自行车带冒烟儿,手表带跑星期天儿。”这些儿歌虽不能登大雅之堂,却在某种程度上反映了经济变化对人们婚姻观的影响。<br />
<br />
As far as I can remember, there have been some children's songs about marriage customs that are constantly being changed in the village: "Little sister-in-law grows up quickly so that you can go with the village head who wears rattling leather shoes..." "People with one pocket stand aside, two pockets can be thought of, and three pockets can even be called daddy!" Recently, it has been: "Radios with pictures (TV), sewing machines with overlocking function, bicycles with smoke (motorcycle), watches with Sunday (day-date watches)." Although these children's songs can't be elegant, they reflect the influence of economic changes on people's marriage views to some extent.<br />
<br />
而今,姑娘们在寻找发展商品生产中涌现出来的能人。于政芳就是几年前到威海给包工的农民做饭时,认识了“工头”吕宝帅,主动求爱的。<br />
<br />
Nowadays, girls are looking for talented people emerging in the process of the development of commodity production. Yu Zhengfang met Lyu Baoshuai, a labor contractor, and took the initiative to woo him when she went to Weihai to cook for migrant workers a few years ago.<br />
<br />
我第一次去吕宝帅家访问,夫妇双双去温州做生意去了,只有外公带着小燕妮（看来他们还是崇拜马克思的）在家看门。<br />
<br />
When I visited Lyu Baoshuai's home for the first time, both husband and wife went to Wenzhou to do business. Only the grandfather took care of little Yanni (It seemed that they still worshiped Marx) and acted as a doorkeeper.<br />
<br />
我第二次访问见到了于政芳。她上着粉红色的确良夏衫,下着乳白色的百褶裙,坐在折叠椅上。而炕头上横着一个一米多长的老式大枕头。<br />
<br />
I met Yu Zhengfang on my second visit. She wore a pink Dacron summer shirt and a milky white pleated skirt, sitting on a folding chair. On the heatable brick bed was an old-fashioned pillow more than one meter long.<br />
<br />
挺秀气、时髦的一个姑娘,一张口却不时显露出粗野——她保留着祖辈传下来的一些语汇:“驴XX进的”“妈拉个腿儿”……而一提及夫妻关系,她总是说成“老婆汉子”。<br />
<br />
She was very delicate and fashionable, but when she spoke something, her rudeness could be seen from time to time. She spoke some vocabularies handed down from her ancestors like motherfucker, son of a bitch... and when it comes to the relationship between husband and wife, she always says "man and wife".<br />
<br />
她讲起坐飞机的感受:“真舒服呀！开始上升的时候难受一阵儿,飞平了什么也觉不出来。云彩绒嘟嘟的,伸手就能抓住,就和画上的嫦娥奔月ー样……”乘了几个来回的飞机,她体验了“嫦娥奔月”和“仙女下凡”的滋味。上百元一张的飞机票,节省了14天的时间,这是他们的父辈所不具有的时间价值观。<br />
<br />
She talked about the feeling of taking a plane: "It's so comfortable! When the plane started to rise, I felt uncomfortable, but I couldn't feel anything when it flew flat. Clouds are velvet, and you can catch them with your hand, just like the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon in the painting..." After several round-trip planes, she experienced "Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" and "Fairy going down to earth". A plane ticket hundreds of yuan saved 14 days, which was a time value that their parents did not have.<br />
<br />
“死了也闭眼了,不光坐了飞机,还坐了大轮船!”她说着,拿出一本大相册,那上面有他们在各地的留影:有的在布达拉宫,有的在西湖苏堤,有的在上海南京路, 有的在天柱峰……那全是用自己的照相机照的,他们过着旅游式的生活。从这些相片上可以看出一个农村姑娘的演变,由“炊帚把”到烫着披肩发;由粗布衣到时髦裙装……她自豪地说:“就差香港和台湾没去了！”我看到茶盘里堆着些废车票, 那是没有人给他们报销的。<br />
<br />
"It’s worth dying for taking a plane and a ship!" While she said, she took out a big photo album with pictures of them in various places: some in Potala Palace, some in Su Di of West Lake, some in Nanjing Road of Shanghai, and some in Tianzhu Peak … They were all taken with their own camera, and they lived a tourist life. From these photos, we can see the evolution of a rural girl, from flyaway hair to curly hair and from coarse cloth to fashionable skirt... She proudly said: "We only have not gone Hong Kong and Taiwan!" I saw some old tickets piled up in the tea tray, which can’t be reimbursed.<br />
<br />
“现在还去西藏吗?”<br />
<br />
"Are you still going to Tibet?"<br />
<br />
“不去了,最后一趟让人坑了一下子。”她不愿讲被“坑”的详情,也不讲丈夫出差去了哪里,忽然对着外屋喊了声:“凯乐!”（那是印度故事影片《奴里》中一条狗的名字）接着一条大黄狗欢跳着跑进来。这个农民的女儿剥开一块价值两盒火柴的金纸奶糖,向空中一丢,大黄狗熟练地ー下咬到嘴里,甜甜地嚼起来。她接着又剥开了第二块……<br />
<br />
"No, some people cheated us in our last trip." She didn't want to tell the details of being cheated or where her husband went on a business trip. Suddenly, she shouted to the outhouse: "Khairoo!" (That's the name of a dog in the Indian feature film Noorie). Then a big yellow dog jumps in happily. This farmer's daughter peeled off a piece of toffee wrapped with gold paper worth two boxes of matches and threw it into the air. The dog skillfully bit it into her mouth and chewed this sweet food. She then peeled off a second piece...<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系三:青烟升处有人家）<br />
<br />
(Relationship 3: There are people in a place where smoke is curling upward)<br />
<br />
1983年冬月,邢春香去江苏金湖县农机厂看望当临时工的儿子,这是她第一次出远门。<br />
<br />
In the winter of 1983, Xing Chunxiang went to Jinhu County Agricultural Machinery Factory in Jiangsu Province to visit her son who worked as a temporary worker. This was her first time to travel to a distant place.<br />
<br />
她在那里看到橡胶车间全是女工,活儿不累,也挺赚钱,设备只是ー个压力板和一个小烘炉。<br />
<br />
She saw that the rubber workshop was full of women workers there. It was easy to work and make money. The equipment was just a pressure plate and a small oven.<br />
<br />
邢春香带了几个橡胶制品回来,和老头子肖振竹商量:“咱办个家庭工厂吧。” 老头子摇摇头说:“上哪弄资金?”邢春香说:“现在兴贷款,挣了再还!”老头子又愁销路,邢春香说:“孩子有个干爹跑供销,能帮忙。再说一回生,两回熟,三回成了老主顾。”老头子还愁没技术,邢春香说:“咱儿子就能当老师!”<br />
<br />
Xing Chunxiang brought back some rubber products and discussed with his husband Xiao Zhenzhu: "Let's set up a family factory." The old man shook his head and said, "Where can we get the money?" Xing said: "Now it’s popular to loan money from a bank, we can pay it back after we earn money!" The old man was worried about the selling line again. Xing Chunxiang said, "Our child’s godfather working in supply and marketing can help. Besides, difficult the first time, easy the second. We become regular customers the third time." The old man still worried that they didn’t have the know-how, but Xing said: "Our son can be a teacher!"<br />
<br />
经过一番筹措、铺排,第一批货出厂不久,嘎嚇嚇的票子就汇过来了,这一下小山村轰动了!村里大闺女、小媳妇、壮小伙子都争着来当“工人”。现在这位老嫂子自命为“经理”,讲话满口新名词儿:<br />
<br />
After arrangement and preparation, the first batch of goods was produced from the factory, and a hefty sum of money was remitted, which caused a sensation in the small mountain village! Girls, wives and strong young men in the village were all vying to be workers. Now the old woman called herself manager, and her speech is full of new terms:<br />
<br />
“眼时咱体制小,用不了这么多人,资金也流动不开。<br />
<br />
"Now we have a small system, so we don’t need so many people so that we can make money flow."<br />
<br />
“这一次生产的都是汽车、火车上用的橡胶制品,销北京汽车装配公司,天津宏 光五金厂、吉林铁路上、银川刚拉上关系……跑外都是我,采胶得上远地,沈阳、天津……老头子从来没出过门,打怯……<br />
<br />
"This time, all the rubber products produced are used in cars and trains. They are sold to Beijing Automobile Assembly Company, Tianjin Hongguang Hardware Factory and Jilin Railway. We just pulled wires with companies in Yinchuan... I am in charge of doing business outside, and I have to buy rubber far away, like Shenyang, Tianjin... My husband has never been on a long journey, so he is timid...<br />
<br />
“说起来我进这家20来年了,连个悖悖也吃不上,光吃地瓜。一年分三四十斤小麦,不够来客的,有一口半口好吃的,也都先尽他爷们儿……”<br />
<br />
"I have married him for over 20 years, but I can't even eat a bun cake. I just eat sweet potatoes. We got thirty or forty jin of wheat a year, which is not enough for visitors. If there is a mouthful of delicious food, I’ll give it to my husband and son..."<br />
<br />
丈夫肖振竹——那个被控诉对象,在忙着做午饭,一直没有搭言。这个种庄稼能手,现在矮了半截。他作为家庭重心的时代已经结束了。<br />
<br />
Xiao Zhenzhu, the accused object, was busy cooking lunch and never spoke. This expert in planting crops is now a cut below. His time as the center of family is over.<br />
<br />
瞧这一家子<br />
<br />
Look at This Family<br />
<br />
——关于家庭内部关系<br />
<br />
—Internal Family Relations<br />
<br />
今天,以血缘关系和传统伦理道德维系着的农村家庭,正接受着新文明浪潮的冲击,正悄悄地产生着一些微妙的变化。<br />
<br />
Today, rural families, which are maintained by blood relationship and traditional ethics, are impacted by the new civilization tide and are quietly undergoing some subtle changes.<br />
<br />
这一家子是掖县徐家公社原家大队人。全家13口人,成员构成是4个儿子、3个儿媳、1个女儿、2个孙子、1个孙女,加上老两口。按常规,这个大家庭将面临分家的边缘,家长们也只能靠伦理观念和封建的家长权威来调节儿女妣姓之间的矛盾。<br />
<br />
This family is from the Yuan brigade of Xu Commune in Ye County. There are 13 people in the whole family, including 4 sons, 3 daughters-in-law, 1 daughter, 2 grandsons, 1 granddaughter, and the parents. Normally, this big family will face the division of possessions, and parents can only rely on ethical concepts and feudal parental authority to mediate contradictions among their children and sisters-in-law.<br />
<br />
1983年初,54岁的原成芳老汉为了给家中的劳力找出路,办了个家庭塑料厂。<br />
<br />
At the beginning of 1983, 54-year-old Yuan Chengfang set up a family plastic factory in order to find direction in life for laborers in his family.<br />
<br />
老汉和老伴商量:“队上办厂子为什么跨了?就是没有章程,整天打打吵吵,最后只剩下个空房子。”老伴说:“都是自己家里的人,定不定规矩不要紧。”老汉说: “那不行,丑话头里说。现在不定,以后出了问题再定就晚了。”<br />
<br />
The old man discussed with his wife: "Why did the brigade’s factory go bankrupt? Because there is no charter, and fighting and noises are on all day. Finally there is only an empty house left." His wife said: "They are all people in their own family. It doesn't matter if you decide the rules." The old man said, "Let me speak frankly, that won't work. If we don’t set rules now, it will be too late when something goes wrong in the future."<br />
<br />
晚上,老汉召集家庭会议:<br />
<br />
In the evening, the old man held a family meeting:<br />
<br />
“中央叫咱致富,咱得给政府壮壮脸,咱这个工厂要办就办好!现在竞争这么厉害,没有个章法不行,第一条咱得有个厂长!”<br />
<br />
"The central government asks us to be successful, so we should live up to its expectations. If we decide to set up a factory, we should do it well! Now the competition is so fierce, it won’t work if there is no rule. The first one is that we should have a factory director!"<br />
<br />
当然,没有人敢和老汉竞选,儿女们只觉得新鲜有趣,忍俊不禁举手通过了“爹厂长”。<br />
<br />
Of course, no one dared to run against the old man, and the children only thought it novel and interesting, so they couldn't help raising their hands and approved the proposal.<br />
<br />
老汉说:“好,我是厂长了,就按工厂的条条办。麻雀虽小,五脏俱全,下面我来给你们分分工……”<br />
<br />
The old man said, "OK, I'm the factory director now, so I'll manage it according to the rules of the factory. Even a fly has its spleen. Let me assign tasks..."<br />
<br />
这位“厂长爹”的分工是颇有心计的:大儿子兼会计;闺女兼考勤员;老四负责生产调度和质量检查、现金保管——他没成家,没有私心;老汉兼管技术和供销;老伴管“后勤”。8个劳力,分四班倒,6小时一班,每班有定额。媳妇、姑娘工资制, 每月25元,这是搽胭脂、抹粉钱,年底再分红。坚持考勤制度,迟到1分钟扣半天工资,超过5分钟扣1天工资……<br />
<br />
The factory director was quite calculating: the eldest son was an accountant; the daughter was responsible for attendance; the fourth child was responsible for production scheduling, quality inspection, and the custody of cash—he didn’t start a family, so he had no selfish motives; the old man was in charge of technology, supply and marketing; his wife was in charge of logistics. There were 8 laborers, which were divided into four shifts and they worked a 6-hour shift, with a quota for each shift. Daughters-in-law and his daughter can receive 25 yuan salary every month, which was for them to but rouge and powder, and they would have dividends at the end of the year. According to the attendance system, half-a-day salary will be deducted for being late for 1 minute, and one-day salary for more than 5 minutes...<br />
<br />
章程订出来了,全“厂”通过,大红纸一写,贴在迎门墙上。<br />
<br />
The charter was established, and everyone approved it. It was written in red paper and posted on the entrance wall.<br />
<br />
大媳妇娘家是珍珠乡大辛台人,来去30里。一次回娘家,她晚回来10分钟罚去了1天工资。大媳妇第二次回娘家,撇下已经下到锅里的饺子,一身大汗地蹬着车子赶回来。<br />
<br />
The eldest daughter-in-law was from Daxintai, Pearl Township, which was 30 miles away. Once she went back to her parents’ home, she came back 10 minutes late and was fined one day's salary. When she went back to her parents’ home for the second time, she left the dumplings that had been put into the pot, and pedaled back in a sweat.<br />
<br />
我去这个家庭工厂访问时,他们已被评为“五好家庭”,女儿原素玮被评为“好小姑”。<br />
<br />
When I visited this family factory, they had been rated as Five Virtues Family and the daughter Yuan Suwei was rated as Good Husband's Younger Sister.<br />
<br />
我问这位“好小姑”：“你和你嫂子那么好,替她多干一会儿不行吗?干吗要罚呢?”<br />
<br />
I asked her, "You and your sister-in-law have a good relationship, can't you work for her for a while? Why do you fine her for her late?"<br />
<br />
“好玄！这个嫂子误一会儿,那个嫂子误一会儿,还不把我累死!”<br />
<br />
"Your idea is strange! If this sister-in-law is late, and that sister-in-law is late, I’ll be exhausted!"<br />
<br />
他们不是在人为地创造戏剧。商品生产迫使他们走向社会。在过去从事集体生产时,家庭成员之间的经济关系,基本是在消费领域中。消费和传统的伦理家教,成为联结家庭的两个纽带。现在家庭成了一个独立的生产单位,他们不光用生产者的观点考虑问题了,还要从经营者的角度考虑技术、信息、市场,他们需要提高效率,提高竞争能力。在时间观念上,他们不能再像过去那样只分春夏秋冬,或者含糊地“吃顿饭的工夫”“抽袋烟的工夫”。家庭成员之间不仅有直接生产的关系, 还有交换劳动和交换产品的关系,甚至竞争关系!家庭成员之间的分配关系随着生产方式的改变也在发生着变化!他们像艘古老的小船驶出平静的港湾,迎着波涛向彼岸驶去,船上全体人员需要的不是固守那些陈旧的道德规范,而是要务尽职 能,变成一个协同一致的集体、奋力如一的整体,当巨轮迎面开过,涌起的惊涛要将它吞没时,它可以迅速地调转船头,驶向新的海域。<br />
<br />
They're not artificially creating drama. Commodity production forces them to go to society. In the past, when they engaged in collective production, the economic relationship among family members basically lied in the field of consumption. Consumption and traditional ethical tutoring have become two ties connecting families. Now the family has become an independent production unit. Family members not only consider problems from the producer's point of view, but also consider technology, information and market from the operator's point of view. They need to improve efficiency and competitiveness. In the concept of time, they can no longer divide time into spring, summer, autumn and winter as in the past, or vaguely into the time when eating a meal and the time when having a cigarette. There is not only a direct production relationship among family members, but also a relationship of exchanging labor and products, and even a competitive relationship! The distribution relationship among family members is also changing with the change of production mode! They sailed out of the calm harbor like an old boat, sailed to the other shore against the waves. What all the crew on board need is not to stick to the old moral norms, but to do their duty to unite together. When the huge boat passes head-on and the surging waves are going to engulf it, it can quickly turn its bow and sail to a new sea area.<br />
<br />
第六章宁海镇的共产党人<br />
<br />
Chapter 6 Communists in Ninghai Town<br />
<br />
你见过罗丹的雕塑《思想者》吗?<br />
<br />
Have you ever seen Rodin's sculpture ''The Thinker''?<br />
<br />
他赤裸着身子,肌腱隆起,头颅被思想压得低垂下来。他精神专注而严峻,你感到他是在做自身和人类命运的思考。由于思想,你感到他生命内涵的力量。<br />
<br />
He is naked, with strong tendons, and his head hangs down under the pressure of thoughts. He has focused mind a stern face, and you feel that he is thinking about himself and human destiny. Because of thought, you feel the power of his life connotation.<br />
<br />
现在坐在我对面的,是宁海镇年轻的镇委书记谢玉堂。他中等身材,略胖,浓浓的黑发呈“剑拔弩张”之势,目光兼有敦厚和睿智,举止老练持重,颇有处变不惊的大将风度。在和我交谈的间歇,不时陷入一种沉静的思索之中,那沉静中蕴含着一种激烈的奔腾。<br />
<br />
Sitting opposite me now is Xie Yutang, the young secretary of Ninghai Town Committee. He is of medium height, slightly fat, with thick black hair showing commanding presence. He is sophisticated with honest and wise eyes, like a composed general. In between conversations with me, he fell into silent thinking from time to time, and there was passion in the silence.<br />
<br />
时代把才华和命题同时给予了这位农民的儿子,他热爱生活,热爱土地。借十一届三中全会的东风,他“壮士不下马”,带领全镇人民四年跨出四大步。1978年宁海镇的工副业项目仅有20多个,现在已发展到800多个。1984年全镇总收入将达到一个亿！——宁海镇人提前16年翻两番！在我国北方,这可能算得上佼佼者！<br />
<br />
The times gave the farmer's son talent and questions, who loved life and land at the same time. Taking advantage of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, he worked hard to lead the people of the whole town to take four big steps in four years. In 1978, there were only over 20 sideline projects in Ninghai Town, but now it has grown to over 800. In 1984, the total income of the whole town will reach 100 million yuan! People’s income in Ninghai Town quadrupled 16 years ahead of schedule! In the north of China, this may be outstanding!<br />
<br />
我把旋风一样奔忙的镇委书记拖到幽静的“风云林园”。<br />
<br />
I took the busy secretary of the town committee to the quiet "Fengyun Forest Park".<br />
<br />
风云林园也是他的政绩之一。十个林区,修起了十座样式迥异的小楼,有哥特式,有古典式,有东洋式,使古老的山区洋溢着现代化的气息。这些小楼既作为各分场的场部,还准备接待科学家、教授、画家、作家（我是第一个被接待的蹩脚作家）。擅长书法的市委书记王济夫挥毫为总场场部题下“风云楼”三个大字,取风起云涌之意。<br />
<br />
Fengyun Forest Park is also one of his achievements. Ten small buildings with different styles have been built in ten forest areas, including Gothic, classical and oriental styles, which makes the ancient mountainous areas look more modernized. These small buildings serve as the field departments of each field, and are also prepared to serve scientists, professors, painters and writers (I was the first bad writer to be served). Wang Jifu, secretary of the municipal party committee who is good at calligraphy, wrote the three characters "Fengyun Building" for the general field department, meaning rising wind and clouds.<br />
<br />
“山不高而秀雅,水不深而澄清,地不广而平坦,林不大而茂盛……”谢玉堂坐 在“风云楼”内的沙发上,借《三国演义》中描绘诸葛亮隐居之地的文字,自喻风云林园。这位年轻的党务工作者的气质,已远远不同于当年的老镇长、老乡长。<br />
<br />
"The mountain is not high but beautiful; the water is not deep but clear; the land is not wide but flat; the forest is not big but lush..." Xie Yutang sat on the sofa in Fengyun Building, and imitated the words depicting Zhu Geliang's seclusion in Romance of the Three Kingdoms to describe Fengyun Forest Park. The temperament of this young party worker is far different from that of the old mayor and township head.<br />
<br />
“宁海镇的变化,应归之于三中全会后三个结构的改变。”他像个理论工作者, 也像个韬略家,开始给我讲述宁海镇繁荣的奥秘。<br />
<br />
"The changes in Ninghai Town should be attributed to the changes in the three structures after the Third Plenary Session." Like a theoretical worker and a strategist, he began to tell me the mystery of Ninghai Town's prosperity.<br />
<br />
“第一是农业内部经济结构的改变。<br />
<br />
"The first one is the change of economic structure within agriculture."<br />
<br />
“中国农村的单一经济,已经走到尽头了!我上任后把65个大队做了一次全面的调查,全社人均一亩多地,城里大队才半亩地,在土地上’翻番’能翻出个什么名堂?’汉子推,老婆拉,一天能挣四毛八。‘人,这个生产力中最积极最活跃的因素,长期以来被束缚在凝固的传统经济模式里。<br />
<br />
"The single economy in rural China has come to an end! After I took office, I made a comprehensive survey of 65 brigades. The whole commune has more than one mu per capita, and the city brigade has only half a mu of land. What can we do though our goal is double the yield? "If a man pushes and his wife pulls, he can earn 48 cents a day." People, the most active factor in production, have long been bound in the unchangeable traditional economic model.<br />
<br />
“’三级所有,队为基础’在60年代初纠正‘共产风’的时候,起了积极的作用, 但是,’队为基础’对发展商品生产起了阻碍作用。土地、资产、劳力、分配,生产队是’一统天下’,外出搞副业一天挣三块、四块,得交到生产队拉平分配。生产队把劳力死死钉在土地上,要发展商品生产,不放人权,怎么发展?毛主席在《六十条》中对'队为基础’的批语是'三十年盯不变’;再按两个'凡是’的观点,'生产队’要延续到90年代。那能行吗?<br />
<br />
"'The average size of the communes was reduced to one-third of the original, and the basic accounting unit devolved from the commune to the brigade to the production team.' It played a positive role in correcting the extreme egalitarianism in the early 1960s, but the system based on the collective ownership economy of production teams hindered the development of commodity production. Land, assets, labor and distribution were all managed by the production team, and if you go out to engage in sideline business and earn three or four yuan a day, you had to hand over to the production team for equal distribution. The production team restricted labor to the land. If we want to develop commodity production without human rights, how can we develop it? Chairman Mao's comment on it in Sixty Items is "adhering to it for 30 years". According to the Two Whatevers, the form of production team should last until the 1990s. Can that work?"<br />
<br />
“随着农村责任制的落实,商品生产的发展,劳动力的重新组合,生产队的消亡就成为ー种历史的必然。<br />
<br />
"With the implementation of the rural responsibility system, the development of commodity production and the recombination of labor, the demise of the production team has become a historical necessity.<br />
<br />
“82年秋种以后,我把全公社150个生产队长召集到ー起,向他们宣布:'你们的历史使命结束了!生产队一级将从中国的地平线上永远地消失了!这些年你们带领群众立下了汗马功劳,党和人民不会忘记你们。<br />
<br />
"After the autumn planting in 1982, I summoned 150 production captains of the whole commune and announced to them: 'Your historical mission is over! The production team will disappear forever in China! Over the years, you have led the masses to make great contributions, so the party and the people will never forget you.'"<br />
<br />
“生产队的取消,突破了一个根深蒂固的传统观念——农村,就是从事农业生产的地方。解放了的生产力,在完成着自身的历史转折,从'体力型’转向'智力型’,从'农业型’转向'农工并举型’,不停地改变着农业内部的经济结构。<br />
<br />
"The cancellation of the production team breaks a deep-rooted traditional convention that countryside is a place engaged in agricultural production. The liberated productive forces are changing their own roles historically, from 'physical type' to 'intelligence type', from 'agricultural type' to 'agricultural and industrial combined type', constantly changing the internal economic structure of agriculture."<br />
<br />
“随着农业内部经济结构的改变,农村原有的知识结构就不相适应了。农民长期以来束缚在单一的知识结构里,沿袭着神农氏就有的农业知识。机械化虽然给他们带来ー些新的东西,但没有根本改变他们板结的知识土壤。过去农业的改革,都限于优良品种的调换,复种面积的增加。农民依靠四大作物创高产致富的希望, 像肥皂泡一年又一年地破灭了。现在农民把致富的希望从农业转向商品生产,他们对知识的渴求也转向了商品生产,但是他们没有条件进行专修。我们充分发挥了全镇680多名外请技工的作用,他们用新的知识、新的文化,医治历史留给农民的'贫血症’。全镇近年又开办经营管理、财会、修配、制图、机械、铸造、电器、塑料 エ艺、铝制品等42个专业培训班140余期,成千上万的农民从板结的土地上站了起来！<br />
<br />
"With the change of the internal economic structure of agriculture, the original knowledge structure in rural areas is not suitable. Farmers have been bound in a single knowledge structure for a long time, keeping agricultural knowledge alive since ancient times. Although mechanization has brought them something new, it has not fundamentally changed their knowledge structure. In the past, agricultural reform was limited to the exchange of fine varieties and the increase of sequential cropping area. Farmers' hopes of creating high yields and getting rich by relying on the four major crops have been dashed year after year like soap bubbles. Now farmers have shifted their hope of getting rich from agriculture to commodity production, and their thirst for knowledge has also shifted to commodity production, but they have no conditions to specialize in it. We give full play to the role of more than 680 skilled workers in the town, who draw on new knowledge and new culture to cure farmers' anemia left by history. In recent years, we set up 42 professional training courses in management, accounting, repair, drawing, machinery, casting, electrical appliances, plastic arts and aluminum products with more than 140 sessions in town. Thousands of farmers stood on their feet on the hardened land!"<br />
<br />
“干部的组织结构的改变,是最重要的一条。改革首先要改'火车头’,把'蒸汽机’改成'内燃机’。我刚来的时候,全镇大队一级干部,60%以上是土改和合作化时期的老同志,习惯了搞单一农业。这几年我们逐步调整了40多个班子, 改革用人制度,铁饭碗要打破,铁椅子要推倒,把不适应商品生产、只知道’腱朝 外,头朝里,抡起大镰使劲劈’的干部调换下来。时势造就着一代新人,现在是大将出马,元帅开帐,全镇出现了一大批’混世魔王’,把个宁海镇闹得天翻地覆!”<br />
<br />
"The change of the organizational structure of cadres is the most important one. First of all, the reform should change "locomotive" and "steam engine" into "internal combustion engine". When I first came to this town, more than 60% of the cadres of the whole town brigade were old comrades who experienced the period of land reform and agricultural cooperative campaign, so they were used to engaging in single agriculture. In recent years, we have gradually adjusted more than 40 teams, reformed the employment system, broke the iron rice bowl, and replaced the cadres who were not suitable for commodity production and only knew agriculture. The times have created a new generation. Now it is generals who go out and marshals who get promotion and a large number of "demons" have appeared in the whole town, turning Ninghai town upside down!"<br />
<br />
我惊叹,这一番“结构学”出自一个年轻的农村基层干部之胸!但作为文学, 我需要索取形象。不想他“顺手牵羊”,抬手指指进来送水的林场场长曲松庆说: “他就算ー个……”<br />
<br />
I was amazed that this "structuralism" was told by a young rural grassroots cadre! But because of literature, I need to ask for an image. I don't want him to be this character, so I raised his finger and pointed Qu Songqing, the forest farm director who delivered water, and said: "He can be accounted..."<br />
<br />
不拘一格<br />
<br />
Be Not Limited to One Type<br />
<br />
——用人之道一<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain TalentsⅠ<br />
<br />
这个经营着几万亩林场的场长的出山（或叫“进山”）是别具一格的。他原是桥子大队的一个社员,谢玉堂第一次听到他的名字是从“片长”汇报中,说这个曲松庆为盖房的事情顶撞大队长,片长去批评他,也被顶了回来。<br />
<br />
This director who runs tens of thousands of mu of forest farms took on a government post, which is unique. He used to be a member of Qiaozi Brigade. Xie Yutang first heard his name from the report of the head of region, saying that Qu Songqing contradicted the captain for building a house, and he was contradicted when he criticized Qu.<br />
<br />
谢玉堂派人把曲松庆叫了来,这个年纪比镇委书记大的庄户人,带着“官官相护”的成见,在他对面坐下。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang sent someone to call Qu Songqing. This farmer, who is older than the secretary of the town committee, sat down opposite him with the prejudice of "officials protecting each other".<br />
<br />
“曲松庆,你知道我叫你来干什么吗?”<br />
<br />
"Qu Songqing, do you know what I called you for?"<br />
<br />
“知道!”曲松庆心有灵犀一点通。<br />
<br />
"Yes!" Qu Songqing understood the meaning tacitly.<br />
<br />
“你头上的小角长得还挺硬邦的呀!”<br />
<br />
"You are so stubborn!"<br />
<br />
“我割的肉在家都放臭了,大队长不让盖,把地基都给扒了 ！”<br />
<br />
"The meat I cut stinks at home. The captain won't let me build a house and even remove the foundation!"<br />
<br />
“你先把房子停下。”<br />
<br />
"You stop building your house first."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“因为你和大队有矛盾。”<br />
<br />
"Because you have conflicts with the brigade."<br />
<br />
“当初盖房是党委批准的,现在书记和大队长闹矛盾,把我牵扯进去了,但是没有理由不让我盖房子。我的料都备好了,马上就要到雨季,再说我盖起一幢房也是美化了家乡,美化了祖国……”<br />
<br />
"At the beginning, building a house was approved by the Party committee. Now the secretary and the captain have conflicts and I’m also involved, but there is no reason not to let me build a house. My materials are ready, and it is going to be the rainy season soon. Besides, the house that I build can beautify my hometown and my motherland..."<br />
<br />
曲松庆不卑不亢地对答着。他那布满血丝的眼睛里,透出一种骨气。<br />
<br />
Qu Songqing answered in a neither humble nor arrogant way. In his bloodshot eyes, there was dignity.<br />
<br />
“你先回去,等候公社派人去处理。”<br />
<br />
"You can go back first and wait for the commune to send someone to deal with it."<br />
<br />
“停下不要紧,你什么时候给我解决? ”<br />
<br />
"It doesn't matter to stop building my house, but when will you solve it for me?"<br />
<br />
“三天之内！”<br />
<br />
"In three days!"<br />
<br />
曲松庆临走站起来说:“谢书记,当领导的处理问题首先要搞好调查研究。你的批评涉及我曲松庆,对的地方,我马上执行,偏的地方,我得保留意见……”<br />
<br />
Qu Songqing stood up before leaving and said, "Secretary Xie, when a leader deals with problems, he must first do a good job of investigation and research. If your criticism involving me is right, I will correct mistakes immediately, but I will have reservations if it is wrong..."<br />
<br />
那是一个不软不硬的钉子。<br />
<br />
He is like a nail that is neither soft nor hard.<br />
<br />
一个月之后,谢玉堂第二次把曲松庆叫到办公室里来了。<br />
<br />
A month later, Xie Yutang called Qu Songqing to the office for the second time.<br />
<br />
“你找我……有事吧?”曲松庆带有戒备地看着谢玉堂。<br />
<br />
"You asked me... for something?" Qu Songqing looked at Xie Yutang with vigilance.<br />
<br />
“镇党委决定让你到南山林场担任场长!”<br />
<br />
"The town party committee decided to let you go to Nanshan Forest Farm as the director!"<br />
<br />
“我……”曲松庆吃惊地瞪大了眼睛,他不敢相信这是真的,“我……行吗?”<br />
"Me..." Qu Songqing was in surprise, with eyes wide-open. He couldn't believe it was true. "Am I up to it...?"<br />
<br />
在谢玉堂眼里,面前的这个曲松庆已毫不陌生了:他当过生产小队长,他在东 北大兴安岭伐过木,他……谢玉堂似乎并不准备打消曲松庆的疑虑,而是像对一个已经任职多年的林场场长那样说:<br />
<br />
For Xie Yutang, Qu Songqing in front of him was no stranger: he worked as a production team leader, he cut wood in Greater Khingan Range, northeast China, and he... Xie Yutang did not seem to dispel Qu Songqing's doubts, but said to him as if Qu was a forest farm director who had served for many years:<br />
<br />
“几万亩林场,战线很长,那是全镇人民用血汗把它建起来的,你得明白这个分量。现在就由你来着手组林场的班子!”<br />
<br />
"The forest farm covers tens of thousands of mu, which means it takes a long time to finish this task. It was built by the diligent people of the whole town, so you have to understand its importance. Now it is up to you to set up the team for the forest farm!"<br />
<br />
当我年底第二次见到这位从土坷垃中拨拉出来的风云林场的场长时（现在他已成为一名宁海镇的共产党人）,他已经以林场为大本营,把事业的触须伸到了四面八方:办起了宁海刺绣厂、宁海第二百货公司、风云金矿、风云羊肉馆、贸易公司、 花木公司、建筑公司、冰库、砖厂、鸡场、客车出租。这个年近半百的人,成了一个大“托拉斯”的董事长。鬼知道他还从哪里弄了一辆黑色的“上海轿子”,进山的客人都用它接送。坐在飞驰的汽车上,你可以感觉得到现代动力正冲击着古老的山区！<br />
<br />
When I met the director of Fengyun Forest Farm for the second time at the end of the year (now he has become a Communist in Ninghai Town), he has taken the forest farm as his base camp and extended his business presence to all directions: Ninghai Embroidery Factory, Ninghai No.2 Department Store Company, Fengyun Gold Mine, Fengyun Mutton Restaurant, Trading Company, Flower and Tree Company, Construction Company, Ice Bank, Brick Factory, Chicken Farm and Bus Rental. This person, who is nearly half a century old, has become the chairman of a big "Trust". Who knows where he got a black sedan made in Shanghai, which was used to pick up and drop off guests going to the mountains. Sitting in a speeding car, you can feel the modern power impacting the ancient mountain areas!<br />
<br />
好马也吃回头草<br />
<br />
A Good Horse Will Also Turn Round to Graze on an Old Pasture<br />
<br />
——用人之道二<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain TalentsⅡ<br />
<br />
谢玉堂刚上任的时候,杜家瞳是有名的“幸福村” 。所谓幸福,并非丰衣足食之喻,而是领导班子涣散,社员可以任意逍遥。全村几百口子不仅工副业项目没有一个,1981年春谢玉堂带工作组进村时,还带去5000斤救济粮!<br />
<br />
When Xie Yutang first took office, DuJiatong was a famous "happy village". The so-called happiness is not a metaphor for ample food and clothing, but a lax leadership team and carefree members. There were none of sideline projects in the village home to hundreds of residents. When Xie Yutang brought the working group into the village in the spring of 1981, he also brought 2,500 kg of relief food!<br />
<br />
老支书胡风洲和能说会道的大队长孔庆富尿不到ー个壶里,而过去来驻点的 干部们,大都倾向于老支书（人们惯于对“老”有感情）,而把孔庆富说得一无是处。<br />
<br />
Hu Fengzhou, the old branch secretary, and Kong Qingfu, the eloquent captain, had different opinions. However, most of the cadres who came to the station in the past tended to support the old branch secretary (people are used to having feelings for the old), and regarded Kong Qingfu good for nothing.<br />
<br />
为了维护领导班子的统一,谢玉堂把孔庆富的大队长职务撤掉了。<br />
<br />
In order to maintain the unity of the leadership team, Xie Yutang removed Kong Qingfu as the captain.<br />
<br />
孔庆富跑“单帮”去了,到南乡涝夼大队的果酒厂当供销员。<br />
<br />
Kong Qingfu then became a self-employed businessman and worked as a supply and marketing staff in the fruit winery of Nanxiang Laokuang Brigade.<br />
<br />
涝夼大队支书张培清,也是胶东半岛上一名豪杰。他利用昆布山天然泉水资源办起了果酒厂,出产的枣酒、桃酒闻名遐迩。<br />
<br />
Zhang Peiqing, the branch secretary of Laokuang Brigade, is also an outstanding talent on Jiaodong Peninsula. He used the natural spring water resources of Khumbu Mountain to set up a fruit winery, producing famous jujube wine and peach wine.<br />
<br />
孔庆富的“能说会道”成了发展商品生产的优势,他懂信息,会核算,能交往, 每到一处都能很快地打开局面。<br />
<br />
Kong Qingfu's eloquence has become an advantage in developing commodity production. He knows information, calculation and communication well, and can quickly solve problems everywhere.<br />
<br />
1982年2月,谢玉堂托人捎信让孔庆富回来。<br />
<br />
In February 1982, Xie Yutang sent a message to let Kong Qingfu come back.<br />
<br />
“你找我?”孔庆富心里忐忑不安。在他被撤之后,曾大大地散布了一番对镇委书记的不满。<br />
<br />
"What happened?" Kong Qingfu felt uneasy. After his dismissal, he showed his discontent twith the secretary of the town committee to many people.<br />
<br />
“我撤了你的大队长,你知道是为什么吧?”<br />
<br />
"I dismissed you from your office. Do you know why?"<br />
<br />
“知道,我欺负胡风洲!”<br />
<br />
"Yes, I can’t cooperate with Hu Fengzhou!"<br />
<br />
“你下台以后有什么感想?”<br />
<br />
"How did you feel after you stepped down?"<br />
<br />
“挺苦闷的。我年轻力壮,想干一番事业……我想党委撤了我,这辈子不会再用我了！”<br />
<br />
"I was depressed. I am young and strong, and I want to make contributions... I think the party committee has withdrawn me and will not hire me again in my life!"<br />
<br />
“你对村里的工作有什么想法?”<br />
<br />
"What do you think of the work in the village?"<br />
<br />
“俺这个村……我干比他们干好。”<br />
<br />
"This village... I can do better than them."<br />
<br />
“你们那个’幸福村‘穷成那个样子,你有什么施政纲领?”孔庆富丢掉了拘束, 对着镇委书记念开了“商品经”:上建筑、上翻砂、上果酒……果然头头是道,高人一筹。<br />
<br />
"Your 'happy village' is poor. What policies do you have?" Kong Qingfu felt at home and talked about his opinions and experience about commodity to the secretary of the town committee: buildings, casting technique and fruit wine... Without doubt, he was better than others.<br />
<br />
谢玉堂说:“党委研究一下,你准备当个工业大队长。我给你厂房,再给你一部分资金,先把果酒厂办起来,你们村还是商品生产的空白……”<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang said: "The party committee has studied it, and you are going to be a captain managing an industry. I will give you factory buildings, and then give you some funds. First, the fruit winery should be set up, because your village doesn’t have any commodity production..."<br />
<br />
一个月之后,杜家瞳村果酒厂就酿出了第一批果酒,一口大缸飘溢着醇香。镇党委成员应邀去品酒,谢玉堂酒未沾唇,先已感到了甜意。<br />
<br />
A month later, Du Village Fruit Winery produced the first batch of fruit wine, and the vat was full of mellow fragrance. Members of the town party Committee were invited to taste wine, and Xie Yutang had felt sweet before the wine touched his lips.<br />
<br />
姜是小的辣<br />
<br />
The Younger, The Wiser<br />
<br />
——用人之道三<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain Talents Ⅲ<br />
<br />
1982年春节前,谢玉堂坐孔家疃大队的吉普车去海阳开会。路上,司机说:<br />
<br />
Before the Spring Festival in 1982, Xie Yutang went to Haiyang for a meeting in the jeep of Kong Brigade. On the way, the driver said:<br />
<br />
“谢书记,我给你推荐一个人吧。”<br />
<br />
"Secretary Xie, let me recommend someone to you."<br />
<br />
"谁?”<br />
<br />
"Who?"<br />
<br />
“王家疃标准件厂的厂长王荣团。你要起用了他,王家疃就有希望了！”<br />
<br />
"Wang Rongtuan, director of Wang Standard Parts Factory. If you appoint him to a job, there will be an opportunity for Wang village to be prosperous!"<br />
<br />
“你这么熟悉他?”<br />
<br />
"You know him so well?"<br />
<br />
“他是我小舅子!”<br />
<br />
"He is my brother-in-law!"<br />
<br />
这位司机还真有点“内举不避亲”的古人风。<br />
<br />
This driver was really a bit of an ancient style of "recommending talents even if they are his relatives".<br />
<br />
对于求贤若渴的谢玉堂来说,这信息的价值不可估量,因为逐渐落后于形势的王家疃,正需要一个得力的接班人。<br />
<br />
For Xie Yutang, who was thirsty for talents, the value of this information was immeasurable, because Wang village overtaken by events needed an effective successor.<br />
<br />
从海阳回来,谢玉堂就迫不及待地去了王家疃标准件厂。年轻的厂长站在冲压床前冲压着螺栓,他那宽厚的肩膀,似乎在等待着历史交给他的新使命。<br />
<br />
After returning from Haiyang, Xie Yutang couldn't wait to go to Wang Standard Parts Factory. The young factory director stood in front of the stamping press and stamped bolts. His broad shoulders seemed to be waiting for the new mission given to him by history.<br />
<br />
这果然是个难得的能人。开始,他一个人管着大队的扬水站,守着一台柴油机,他不满足于这种赋闲的营生,建议大队利用柴油机办个磨坊,一举两得。<br />
<br />
This was really a rare capable person. At first, he personally took charge of the pumping station of the brigade and guarded a diesel engine. He was not satisfied with this idle business, so he suggested that the brigade use the diesel engine to run a mill.<br />
<br />
磨坊办起来了,他见市场上缺螺栓,就去买了一块45号钢,用钻头钻上眼,再用钢铿加工,做了一个模具,再加上一把铁锤,一个星期就出了第一批产品。附近的丝绸厂听说了,一下子全买了去。一个模具、一柄锤子,一天竟能挣到4块钱,而 当时队上的工值是8角。<br />
<br />
When the mill was set up, he saw that there was a shortage of bolts in the market, so he bought a piece of No.45 steel, drilled a hole with a drill, processed it with a steel file, made a mold and a hammer, then the first batch of products came out in a week. Workers in a nearby silk factory heard about it and bought it all at once. A mold and a hammer can help Wang earn 4 yuan a day, while the salary on the team at that time was 8 cents.<br />
<br />
眼前的标准件厂成为拥有成套设备和200多人的颇具规模的工厂了,它的产品已经打到8个省,收入占全队总收入的80%以上。可是,王荣团还不是党员!而支部5个委员都靠在农业上。<br />
<br />
At present, the Standard Parts Factory has become a large-scale factory with complete sets of equipment and more than 200 people. Its products have reached 8 provinces, and its income accounts for more than 80% of the total income of the whole team. However, Wang Rongtuan is not a party member yet! The five members of the branch all rely on agriculture.<br />
<br />
新时期要什么样的共产党员?我们用什么样的新鲜血液充实党的基层队伍? 经济工作搞不上去能不能算个好支部?年轻的镇委书记在深思。<br />
<br />
What kind of Communist Party members do we want in the new period? What kind of fresh blood do we want to enrich the grass-roots ranks of the Party? Can we count a branch as a good one if it has bad economy? The young secretary of the town committee is thinking deeply.<br />
<br />
任何一种结构的改革,都不是一帆风顺的,谢玉堂遇到了历史因袭下来的强大惯性。<br />
<br />
The reform of any kind of structure is not easy. Xie Yutang has encountered a rooted problem left by history.<br />
<br />
8年前,王荣团向党支部递上了第一份申请书,到现在加起来8次申请、6次填表,党支部还要对他再考验,因为他“太年轻” !<br />
<br />
Eight years ago, Wang Rongtuan handed the first application to the Party branch. Up to now, he has applied for eight times and filled out six times, but the Party branch still tests him again because he is too young!<br />
<br />
年近花甲的老支书王应运,是城关一带拔尖的好书记,执行政策从来不走样。 他资历长,辈又大,村里人都敬仰他。他看不惯王荣团这个“孙子辈”的一些做法。 他认为他走的是“白专道路”。有人来厂里联系业务,留下吃饭,老书记得知必说: “不行,咱不能搞不正之风!”去东北买车床,要带点花生米,老书记ー摆手:“不批!”两个人碰碰磕磕的,少不了冒点火星。<br />
<br />
Wang Yingyun, an old branch secretary who was nearly 60 years old, was a top-notch secretary of Chengguan, and implemented policies adamantly. He had high seniority, so villagers admired him. He didn't like the practices of Wang Rongtuan, who was so young that he could even be his grandpa. He thought Wang only paid attention to scholar studies but ignored politics. Someone came to the factory to contact the business and stay for dinner. If the old secretary knew it, he must say: "No, this is dishonest practice!" When they went to the northeast to buy lathes, they want to bring some peanuts. But the old secretary waved his hand: "It is not approved!" These Two people usually had contradictions.<br />
<br />
在王应运眼里,王荣团是一只“刺猬”,丢了舍不得,捧着扎得慌。他是王家疃的“财神爷”，1981年支部给他定额12万,他咬咬牙干出个20万! 1982年给他定了24万,他一下子干了35万！1983年定了40万,他要创到55万！<br />
<br />
For Wang Yingyun, Wang Rongtuan was a hedgehog. He was reluctant to abandon him, but he was upset if he retained Wang Rongtuan. He was the "God of Wealth" of Wangjiatong. In 1981, the branch gave him a quota of 120,000, he gritted his teeth and earned 200,000 yuan! In 1982, the quota were 240,000 yuan, but he earned 350,000 yuan at once! In 1983, the goal was 400,000 yuan, but he wanted to hit 550,000 yuan!<br />
<br />
王荣团像个腾空而起的风筝,扶摇直上九重霄,老支书手中那一缕细线随时都有崩断的可能！<br />
<br />
Wang Rongtuan, like a kite soaring into the sky, flew high, and the thin line in the hands of the old branch secretary could break at any time!<br />
<br />
老支书向工厂派去一个“党代表”——一位离休的老党员王典乐,起个“监督” 作用。不想“党代表”干了两年,竟和王荣团“通同作弊”。谢玉堂去调查时,“党代表”说:“谢书记,我站在党的立场上说句话,王家疃要得好,非得王荣团来干书记!”<br />
<br />
The old branch secretary sent a "party representative", Wang Dianle, a retired old party member, to the factory to supervise Wang. However, the party representative who worked only two years "colluded" with Wang Rongtuan. When Xie Yutang went to investigate, the party representative said: "Secretary Xie, I want to stand on the party's position and say something. Wang Rongtuan has to be the secretary, if we want Wangjiatong to be better!"<br />
<br />
<br />
老支书闻风而动:“谁解决王荣团的组织问题,我官司打到中央!”<br />
<br />
The old branch secretary acted without delay upon hearing this: "If anyone solve the organizational problem of Wang Rongtuan, I will file a lawsuit in the central government!"<br />
<br />
谢玉堂一次次找王应运促膝长谈。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang had a long talk with Wang Yingyun again and again.<br />
<br />
无效。<br />
<br />
But he failed.<br />
<br />
就在这时,王荣团摆了挑子。<br />
<br />
At that moment, Wang Rongtuan gave in.<br />
<br />
正值各村向镇里呈报1983年生产计划,老书记战战兢兢地去报了个78万,而镇里要求他们拿到120万。<br />
<br />
When every village reported the 1983 production plan to the town, the old secretary reported 780,000 yuan with trepidation, but the town asked them to earn 1.2 million.<br />
<br />
王荣团要是一直把挑子擂下去,78万也保不住呀！老支书嘴上起了燎泡,他硬着头皮走进了王荣团的家门,对这个“孙子辈”说:<br />
<br />
If Wang Rongtuan continue to stop working, he can't even reach the goal of 780,000 yuan! The old branch secretary was anxious, so he bit the bullet, walked into Wang Rongtuan's house and said:<br />
<br />
“你的组织问题,支部早在考虑……”<br />
<br />
"The branch has long considered your organizational problems..."<br />
<br />
王荣团把腿一伸:“我不是为‘组织‘不干。我是一个群众,没有那么大的能力再干下去了,标准件厂那么大的’西瓜’,支部不应该去捡起来?”<br />
<br />
Wang Rongtuan stretched out his leg: "I stopped working not because I’m not enrolled in the Communist Party pf China. I am a mass, and I don't have so much ability to go on. Should the large-scale Standard Parts Factory not be managed by the branch?"<br />
<br />
老支书被噎住了。他万万没有想到,他掉进了这位年轻共产党人的“圈套”之中。这一切,也包括王荣团的“台词”,都是镇委书记一手导演出来的。<br />
<br />
He was speechless. He never imagined that he fell into the trap of the young Communist. All this, including Wang Rongtuan's lines, were directed by the secretary of the town committee.<br />
<br />
这也算“斗争艺术”——狡猾狡猾的！<br />
<br />
This is also a cunning "art of conflicts"!<br />
<br />
“孙子辈”治住了“爷爷辈”！<br />
<br />
The "Grandson" won the victory!<br />
<br />
王家疃的这场斗争并没有因此停止,他和后面的故事连接到了一起。<br />
<br />
The conflict in Wang village did not be solved. It was connected with the following stories.<br />
<br />
论资排辈<br />
<br />
Assign a Job in Accordance with Qualifications And Seniority<br />
<br />
——用人之道四<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain TalentsⅣ<br />
<br />
幼年的时候,我把那相距二里之遥的东油坊看成是“天府之国”。他们在全县第一个办起了农业合作社,第一个小麦亩产过千斤,第一个日工值达到1元。他们种植的大蒜创过亩产一万二千斤的记录。那是一片富庶之地,是人间乐土!东油坊找的媳妇,都是百里挑一的!<br />
<br />
When I was young, I regarded Dongyoufang, which was two miles away, as a "land of abundance". It was the first to set up an agricultural cooperative in the county, have wheat yield exceeding 500 kg per mu, and reach 1 yuan of salary per day. The garlic they planted has reached a record of 12,000 jin per mu. It was a land with abundant resources and a paradise on earth! Daughters-in-law found in Dongyoufang were all one in a thousand!<br />
<br />
这个村因有一座古老的油坊而得名。那古老的油锤声虽然早已消失在历史深处,但是,古朴的村风却世代延续下来。至今,这个村里的人不赶集,不站街头,不大吃大喝,有了钱攒起来,包一层裹一层,再套上一把锁。搞传统农业,谁也搞不过他们,从中华人民共和国成立以来他们就在全县遥遥领先,各村的土墙上大都写着 这样的标语:“学路线,狠抓纲,坚决超过东油坊!”<br />
<br />
This village was named after an ancient oil mill. Although the ancient sound of oil hammer has long disappeared in the depths of history, the simple village style has continued from generation to generation. Up to now, people in this village don't go to the market, stand on the streets, squander money. When they have money, they save it, wrap it in layers, and put on a lock. No one can beat them in traditional agriculture. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, they have been far ahead in the county. Most of the earth walls of villages were written with such slogans: "Learn the line, pay close attention to guiding principles, and resolutely surpass Dongyoufang!"<br />
<br />
东油坊人心里有谱,摆弄土坷垃,够你们赶一气的！<br />
<br />
People in Dongyoufang knew the score. Regarding to land, it was hard for them to catch up!<br />
<br />
可是,后面的人坐着汽车撵上来了——<br />
<br />
However, people lagging behind caught up in a car.<br />
<br />
孔家疃书记曲培萱,有一天乘坐吉普车到东油坊办事,东油坊老支书曲廷璞看了略眼,一见到谢玉堂就叨叨:“你说他年轻轻的,不是摆谱吗?挣了两个钱烧的!”谢玉堂说:“不是他’变’了,是你应该适应新形势了 ！”<br />
<br />
Qu Peixuan, secretary of Kong village, took a jeep to work in Dongyoufang one day. Qu Tingpu, the old branch secretary of Dongyoufang, was annoyed when he saw the jeep. When he saw Xie Yutang, he said, "Qu Peixuan is young, and it seems he is showing off when he sits in a jeep. His money burns a hole in his pocket!" Xie Yutang said: "It is not that he has changed, but that you should adapt to the new situation!"<br />
<br />
曲廷璞心里不着实,又和本村社员叨叨:“过去的干部,连自行车都不骑,现在 有些年轻人坐着吉普到处颠,他们怎个看法?”一个社员当即回答他:“人家书记坐 汽车,社员跟着拿坐汽车的钱！咱的书记坐牛车,咱就跟着挣个牛车钱。俺巴不得你去坐飞机,跟着你挣坐飞机的钱哪个不高兴?”<br />
<br />
Qu Tingpu was uneasy, so he talked with his village members: "In the past, cadres didn't even ride bicycles. Now some young people are sitting around in jeeps. What do they think?" A member immediately answered him: "Their secretary takes the car, and the members earn the money of taking the car! Our secretary takes an ox cart, so we earn the money of taking an ox cart. I wish you would take the plane, and which one is unhappy to earn the money of taking the plane with you?"<br />
<br />
曲廷璞被震动了！不久,又一件事更震动了他:镇党委组织全体支部书记、大队长巡回参观。去了西关,去了新牟,去了王家疃,去了孔家疃,唯独把东油坊隔过去了。曲廷璞当时正住院,听了以后心里难受啊。5尺长的汉子,入党30多年,让人“绕”过去了!（这又是镇委书记的激将法之一）他若在场,真要找块石头碰死!<br />
<br />
Qu Tingpu was amazed! Soon, another thing shocked him even more: the town party committee organized visits for all the branch secretaries and captains. They visited Xiguan, Xinmou, Wang village and Kong village, but only ignored Dongyoufang. Qu Tingpu was in hospital at that time, and he felt uncomfortable after listening to it. A man who had joined the party for more than 30 years, was ignored! (This was reverse psychology of the secretary of the town committee.) If he had been there, he might have struck his head against a stone!<br />
<br />
谢玉堂到医院来看他,安慰他:“你好好养病,让你干20年!”镇委书记知道他的心病,给他吃“宽心丸”。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang came to the hospital to see him and comforted him: "You should take good care of your health and I will let you work for 20 years!" Knowing his worries, the secretary of the town committee gave him a "relief pill".<br />
<br />
他已当了16年支书,想巴结着凑个整数——20年（前一任支部书记曲维模任职也是20年）。可是他一出院,谢玉堂就上门让他考虑接班人的问题,好像忘了在医院的许诺。<br />
<br />
He had been a branch secretary for 16 years, and wanted to make up a round number of 20 years (Qu Weimo, the former branch secretary, also served for 20 years). However, when he was discharged from hospital, Xie Yutang came to ask him to consider the successor, as if he had forgotten his promise in the hospital.<br />
<br />
曲廷璞摇摇头:“我这几年培养了4个,一个好仔儿也没有!”<br />
<br />
Qu Tingpu shook his head: "I have trained 4 in recent years, but there are no appropriate successor!"<br />
<br />
“孔祥烈怎么样?他行不行?”<br />
<br />
"How about Kong Xianglie? Can he do it?"<br />
<br />
“不行！他的外号叫滑石猴!”<br />
<br />
"No way! His nickname is talc monkey (Folk stone carvers in Yechen County have been using traditional techniques to carve small monkey-shaped objects from scraps)!"<br />
<br />
<br />
“人无外号不发,孙悟空不是石猴出世吗?能七十二变、大闹天宫翻龙府,正好。他搞农业能那么专,搞工业也能专上去!”孔祥烈是当地有名的粮食专家,虽然不算年轻,可是个灵通人。他在一亩地里种出过1740斤玉米。莱阳县杨家庄请他去“指导”,他不用对方开口,就能说出小麦的品种;看看分蘖,就能说出某月某日播的种,这使杨家庄的人大为震惊。他过去不懂工业,学了七天“七大管理”“八大指标”,一下子考了98分！他是个识时务者！<br />
<br />
"People don't have nicknames. Isn't the Monkey King a monkey born from a stone? It can got 72 transformations and make a fuss in Heaven and Dragon Palace of the Eastern Sea. He is so specialized in agriculture, so he can also specialize in business!" Kong Xianglie is a famous local food expert. Although he is not young, he is a well-informed person. He planted 870 kg of corn in one mu of land. People in Yangjiazhuang, Laiyang County asked him to guide them in the sector of agriculture. He can tell the variety of wheat before others told him and he can tell the seeds sown on a certain day of the month after he saw tillers, which shocked the people in Yangjiazhuang. He didn't know anything about business in the past. He studied seven management methods and eight indicators for seven days, however, he scored 98 points at once! He is a man recognizing current trends!<br />
<br />
“不行,把权交给他我不放心!”曲廷璞坚持着。<br />
<br />
"No, I’m worried to give him the right!" Qu Tingpu insisted.<br />
<br />
这场辩论一直持续到1983年12月20日,全镇1700名共产党员,集中在当年 八路军的根据地嵎峡河大队,进行一年一度的党员整风学习,并进行支部改选。谢玉堂把曲廷璞、王应运,还有嵎峡河的老书记孙承善和王贺庄的老书记王顺成召集到一起。他们是宁海镇的四个元老,他们的身上带着农村工作的每一个历史时期——土改、合作化、“学大寨”、“文化大革命”……现在他们围着火炉子,听年轻的镇委书记讲古:<br />
<br />
This debate lasted until December 20, 1983. 1700 Communist Party members in the whole town, assembled in the Yuxiahe Brigade, the base area of the Eighth Route Army, conducted the annual rectification study of Party members and re-elected their branch members. Xie Yutang brought Qu Tingpu, Wang Yingyun, Sun Chengshan, the old secretary of Yuxiahe Brigade, and Wang Shuncheng, the old secretary of Wang Hezhuang together. They were the four elders of Ninghai Town. They have experienced every historical period of work in rural areas, namely, land reform, cooperative transformation, learning from Dazhai in agriculture and Cultural Revolution... Now they are around the stove and listen to the young secretary of the town committee talking about stories:<br />
<br />
“刘邦起用韩信而兴汉,韩信年轻的时候,还钻过人家的胯裆;大将周勃是吹鼓手出身;樊哙是杀狗的,相当于咱食品公司的‘杀巴子’;陈平出身贫寒;萧何原来也只是个文书差事;刘邦也不过是‘片长’,十里亭长嘛！用人用其长,用其识,用其才……”讲到半截,谢玉堂出去接电话去了,曲廷璞对着三个老伙伴把拳头一攥、一伸,左右摆了摆,三个老伙伴立时理解了它的含义,那是他们几十年为之奋斗,付出了多少汗水和心血的东西,他们也从那里得到过骄傲和尊严。“这东西不能丢啊!”曲廷璞用强化的语气说。<br />
<br />
"Han Xin served Liu Bang so the Han dynasty became prosperous. When Han Xin was young, he even crawled through between others’ legs. General Bo Zhou was a trumpeter at first. Fan Kuai was a dog killer, which is equivalent to our food company's' butcher. Chen Ping was born in poverty. Xiao He turned out to be just a clerk. Liu Bang was a village headman! When we hire others, we need to find their strengths, knowledge and talents..." Before he finished his speech, Xie went out to answer the phone. Qu Tingpu clenched his fist, stretched it and swung it left and right to his three old partners. They immediately understood the meaning of the posture. They had fought for their job for decades by the sweat of their brow. They also got pride and dignity from it. "This can't be lost!" Qu Tingpu said in an intensified tone.<br />
<br />
谢玉堂又回过头来逐个谈心……这一夜,在这个小小的山庄里,老一代共产党人和年轻的共产党人都失眠了。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang turned around and talked with them one by one... That night, in this small village, the older generation of communists and the young communists couldn’t fall asleep.<br />
<br />
第二天,曲廷璞早饭也没吃得下,不过,他的话倒是表达了四位“元老”的心 声:“我要是犯了错误下去,摔我南墙上没意见,可我没犯错误!我知道车子转弯时要甩下一些人。我18岁当兵,跟党干了这么多年,从来没甩下去过。30年啦,我不想离开,心里难受——可是我听党委的……”<br />
<br />
The next day, Qu Tingpu didn’t want to eat breakfast. However, he really put the thoughts of the four elders into words: "If I make a mistake, it's okay to fire me, but I didn't make a mistake! I know that some people will be left behind when a car turns. I became a soldier at the age of 18 and I worked with the Party for so many years and have never been dumped. I have worked for 30 years, so I don't want to leave. I feel uncomfortable, but I will adhere to the directions of the party committee... "<br />
<br />
宁海镇的共产党人永远忘不了四个老书记向昨天告别的那一刻。主席台上, 党旗高悬,金匾夺目——那匾额金字是镇委书记亲笔题写的:“为革命立功,德高望重;为四化让贤,壮志不已。”四名即将离位的老同志,端坐在主席台上,下面坐着宁海镇的一千多名共产党员,他们默默对望。<br />
<br />
Communists in Ninghai Town will never forget the moment when the four old secretaries bid farewell to yesterday. On the rostrum, the party flag hung high and the gold plaque was dazzling. The gold characters of the plaque were personally inscribed by the secretary of the town Committee: "Making contributions to the revolution, you will be highly respected; Making way for the Four Modernizations, ambition will not be reduced." Four old comrades who were about to leave their posts were sitting on the rostrum, with more than 1,000 Communist Party members in Ninghai Town sitting below and looking at them silently.<br />
<br />
静极了!只有时间不停地越过空间。<br />
<br />
It was so quiet! Only time was flowing.<br />
<br />
“……同志们,我们年轻的共产党员,一定要以这四个老同志为榜样,带领群众在经济建设中,把宁海镇的新局面开创下去。任何时候,傲不长,欲不纵,乐不极,志不满,团结一致,奋发向前,用我们的双手,把宁海镇建设成一个富饶的宁海,美丽的宁海,强大的宁海。我们的目的一定要达到,也一定能够达到!胜利既然属于党,属于人民,当然也属于我们——宁海镇的共产党员们！”<br />
<br />
"… Comrades, our young Communist Party members must follow the example of these four old comrades and lead the masses to create a new situation in Ninghai Town in economic construction. At any time, you should not be arrogant, frivolous, greedy and unambitious. Instead, we should unite together, work hard, and use our hands to build Ninghai Town into a rich, beautiful and powerful town. Our goal should be achieved, and must be achieved! Since victory belongs to the Party and the people, it certainly belongs to us, the Communist Party members in Ninghai Town!"<br />
<br />
镇委书记谢玉堂致辞完毕,四位“元老”手捧金匾,在他们各自的接班人搀扶 下——王荣团扶着王应运,王可勇扶着王承善,孙祥烈扶着曲廷璞,王忠武扶着王 顺成——向台下走去。他们是戴着红花走下历史的舞台的！<br />
<br />
After Xie Yutang, secretary of the town committee, delivered his speech, four elders holding the golden plaque walked off the stage with the help of their respective successors. Wang Rongtuan supported Wang Yingyun; Wang Keyong supported Wang Chengshan; Sun Xianglie supported Qu Tingpu, and Wang Zhongwu supported Wang Shuncheng. They walked off the stage of history with red flowers!<br />
<br />
全场起立,向这庄严的场面报以泪水和掌声！<br />
<br />
The audience stood up and responded to this solemn scene with tears and applause!<br />
<br />
至此,宁海镇的共产党人更新了他战车上的每一根大轴、每一个齿轮。<br />
<br />
At this point, the Communists in Ninghai Town updated every big shaft and every gear on their chariot.<br />
<br />
第七章敬礼!西关文化<br />
<br />
Chapter 7 Salute! Xiguan Culture<br />
<br />
西关公园及西关人<br />
<br />
Xiguan Park and Residents in Xiguan<br />
<br />
——向旧文化告别<br />
<br />
—Say Goodbye to the Old Culture<br />
<br />
若是亲爱的读者对这漫长的旅行已感到了疲惫,我们不妨拐进中国农民兴建的第一座农村公园,稍事休憩,看一看“西关文化”。<br />
<br />
If dear readers are tired of this long journey, we might as well go to the first rural park built by Chinese farmers, have a rest and look at the Xiguan Culture.<br />
<br />
文明来到了西关这片古老的土地上。公园里经常举行各种各样的农民舞会、农民歌咏会、农民运动会。1984年春节的运动会上,党支部书记李德海连拿200米田径冠军、象棋冠军、举重冠军。出奇的是观看运动会的社员也得奖品,“以资鼓励”,那是为了冲击一下“蹦蹦跳跳何不去抡镰头”的旧观念。<br />
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Civilization came to Xiguan, an ancient land. Various farmer dance parties, farmer singing meetings and farmer sports meetings are often held in the park. At the Spring Festival sports game in 1984, Li Dehai, secretary of the Party branch, won the 200-meter dash, chess and weightlifting champion. Surprisingly, the members who watched the sports game also got prizes as encouragement, which was to influence the old idea of "why not swing the sickle when you are jumping".<br />
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走出公园,穿过宽阔的“文化路”,绕过机声隆隆的“十大企业”,让我们再去看看西关大队的奶牛场,成群的奶牛每天挤出一桶桶的鲜奶,西关人提着暖瓶来把牛奶打回家去,代替以前的高粱糊糊。西关人在改变着食品结构,讲究吃的文化。他们讲究的不是油水,而是口味。讲氨基酸、维生素、高蛋白。母亲和妻子不必在一个锅里做两样饭,把一家人的饭食分成等级,也不必偶尔吃一顿好饭而回避着街坊邻居,因之产生“好饭不怕晚”的俚语,更不会有老观念中的“偷嘴媳妇”。村中心的西关饭庄里有高级厨师和各种山珍海味,社员在家中只要拿起电话,红彤彤的烧对虾、亮晶晶的扒海参、白生生的芙蓉干贝、香喷喷的松鼠鱼,会按时给送上门。打开精制的酒柜,你会看到精装的茅台和罐装的青岛啤酒,餐室里配置有带转盘的餐桌,上面经常摆着北京烤鸭和火锅涮海珍。<br />
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Walking out of the park, crossing the wide cultural road and bypassing the Top Ten Enterprises with rumbling machines, we can see the dairy farm of Xiguan Brigade again. People in Xiguan milk groups of cows every day, and they carry thermos flasks to take the milk home to replace sorghum paste. Xiguan people are changing the food structure and paying attention to the culture of eating. What they pay attention to is not grease, but flavour. They care about amino acids, vitamins and high protein. Mother and wife don't have to cook two kinds of dishes in one pot to divide the family's meals into grades. You don't have to avoid your neighbors when eating a good meal occasionally. As a result, the slang of "good things come to those who wait" comes into being, and there will absolutely be no wife sneaking a taste of food in the old concept. There are senior chefs and various delicacies in Xiguan Restaurant in the center of Zicun Village. Members only need to pick up the phone at home, and red roasted prawns, sparkling sea cucumbers, white scallops and delicious yellow croakers will be delivered to their homes on time. If you open the refined wine cabinet, you will see Maotai with good package and canned Tsingtao Beer. The dining room is equipped with a dining table with a turntable, on which Beijing roast duck and seafood hot pot are often placed.<br />
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我们不妨再看一看西关人住的文化。第一代住房是茅草屋,那也许是人类从原始的进化期就有的——木窗棂,土打墙,又低又矮,这模式一直延续到“文革”后期还屡见不鲜。第二代住房是李德海就任大队支书后由大队统一规划的砖瓦平房,一户三间,对面锅台对面炕,独门小院,也颇宽敞幽静。第三代住房是三中全会后兴建起来的。电灯电话,楼上楼下,却有别于城市里的单元公寓——每家都有个小院,建筑面积110平方米。有带晒箱的洗澡间,有瓷砖壁的厨房,有宽敞明亮的客厅和餐室。厨房里用的是煤气炉——大队有自己的煤气站。现在不必再贴灶王爷——习惯和观念都是生活造成的,改造它也靠生活本身。如今富足的西关人也有闲情厕身于艺术,把漂亮的影星请到宽敞的家里来做客,她们有张瑜、陈冲、丛 珊、刘晓庆、张金玲——当然,现在还仅限于她们的剧照,好客的主人等待着有一天 她们能从银幕上走下来,坐进他们这布满红木家具的第三代“农舍”。不,等她们到来的时候,西关人的第四代住房已经竣工,那是别墅式的小楼,它的建筑面积达200平方米,其规格、样式、造价都足以和那些“将军楼”“专员楼”媲美。而在这楼房里生活的老人们,将和国家职工一样地享受退休金,每月60元,外加“工龄补贴”。西关人的“工龄”,是从三中全会召开的1978年开始计算,这是耐人寻味的。<br />
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We might as well look at the culture of the living conditions for Xiguan people again. The first generation of these residents lived in thatched cottages with wood panels and low earth wall that human beings have had this pattern since their primitive evolution period. It was widespread until the late Cultural Revolution. The second-generation housing was a brick bungalow planned by the brigade after Li Dehai took office as the branch secretary of the brigade. It had three rooms, and the kitchen was in the opposite of the heatable brick bed. It also had a small courtyard with one door, quite spacious and quiet. The third generation housing was built after the Third Plenary Session. There were lights and telephones upstairs and downstairs, which were different from the unit apartment in the city. Each family had a small courtyard with a building area of 110 square meters. There were bathrooms with a dryer, kitchens with ceramic walls, spacious and bright living rooms and dining rooms. In the kitchen was a gas stove, because the brigade had its own gas station. Now there is no need to stick the picture of the Kitchen God. Habits and ideas are caused by life, and they depend on life itself to transform them. Nowadays, wealthy Xiguan people also have free time to enjoy art. They invite beautiful movie stars, including Zhang Yu, Chen Chong, Cong Shan, Liu Xiaoqing and Zhang Jinling, to be guests in their spacious homes. Of course, these are only stage photos. Hospitable hosts are waiting for their arrival in their third generation "farmhouse" full of mahogany furniture from the screen one day. No, when they arrive, the fourth generation housing of Xiguan people had been completed. It was a villa-style small building with a building area of 200 square meters, and its specifications, styles and cost will be comparable to those of "General Building" and "Commissioner Building". The old people living in this building will enjoy pension of 60 yuan per month and wage for seniority in the same way as the national employees. It is intriguing that the seniority of Xiguan people began to be calculated in 1978 when the Third Plenary Session was held.<br />
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西关人在创造着崭新的西关文化,这是和物质文明相伴而来的精神文明。他们把自己生活的地方整个儿变成了一个大花园。<br />
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Xiguan people are creating a brand-new Xiguan culture, which is a spiritual civilization accompanied by material civilization. They turned the whole place where they lived into a big garden.<br />
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“西关文化”的创造,不能不追溯到最初滚动起“锈蚀的车圈”的人——党支部书记李德海。当党中央在三中全会上向全党发出新的指令,许多人还在互相询问“什么？刚才喊的是什么”的时候,李德海已经迎着发令枪的啸音弹跳了出去,成 为胶东改革“鱼肚白”时的一颗启明星!他利用巩固的集体经济,一下子转入了大工业,创造了一个又一个的胶东之最——最早达到人均分配1000元,最早实现电视村,最早在村里设了电话总机,最早修起农民公园,最早办起农民中等专科学校……现代化像个活蹦乱跳的怪物,猛烈地冲击着古朴的传统!<br />
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The creation of Xiguan Culture must be traced back to Li Dehai, secretary of the Party branch, who first rolled up the "rusty car circle". When the CPC Central Committee issued new instructions to the whole party at the Third Plenary Session, many people were still asking each other, "What? What are these instructions?". But Li Dehai had bounced out against the whistling sound of the starting gun and became a star of Jiaodong's new reform! Taking advantage of the consolidated collective economy, he suddenly transferred to the big business, contributing the most to Jiaodong. Jiangdong was the first village where the distribution money was 1000 yuan per person, the first to have TV, the first to set up a telephone switchboard, the first to build a farmer park, and the first to set up a farmer secondary college... Modernization is like a living monster, violently impacting the quaint tradition!<br />
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李德海语录<br />
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Quotations from Li Dehai<br />
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——向老皇历告别<br />
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—Say Goodbye to the Old Chinese Almanac<br />
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老皇历说:“正其义,不谋其利。君子谋道不谋食。”<br />
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The old Chinese almanac said: "Everything is done for the sake of justice and not for personal gain. A gentleman pursuits Tao rather than food."<br />
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李德海对经济学家薛暮桥说:<br />
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Li Dehai told economist Xue Muqiao:<br />
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“‘大锅饭’”与社会主义,挫伤了群众的积极性。不是‘我要干’,而是‘要我干’, 离开干部的眼就耍熊。那时候都觉着干部难当,群众不好领导,但却找不到病根。三中全会以后,群众有了干劲。为什么？这是:人叫人干人不干,政策调动一大片。<br />
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"Food prepared in a large canteen and socialism have dampened the enthusiasm of the masses. It's not 'I want to do it', but 'I am asked to do it'. If they leave cadres, they will act timidly. At that time, we all felt that it was difficult to be a cadre and lead the masses, but we could not find the answer. After the Third Plenary Session, the masses are active. Why? The conclusion is: people are reluctant when they are asked by other people, but policies can mobilize a large number of them."<br />
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“从分配制度上我们是自负盈亏,应当说这是个好饭碗,但不是铁的,不好好干,碗里就没有东西,干得好,收入还不少于国家干部。所以,我们的生产积极性和服务态度可以比国营企业好。再一个,我们‘船小掉头快’,办事自己说了算。官不论大小,说了算就好。不用‘商议商议’‘研究研究’,搞公文旅行。有了这两条,再好好地研究市场,研究消费者需要什么,拾漏补缺,发挥自己的优势……”<br />
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"From the distribution system, we are responsible for our own profits and losses. It should be said that this is a good rice bowl, but it is not an iron one. If we don't do well, there will be nothing in the bowl. If we do well, our income will not be less than that of national cadres. Therefore, our production enthusiasm and service attitude can be better than those of state-owned enterprises. Besides, we "turn around quickly because our ship is small", so we have the final say when dealing with things. It’s good for officials, big or small, to have the final say. We don’t have to ‘negotiate’ or ’study’ with others, leading to tedious and time-consuming process of files and documents. With these two advantages, we will further study the market well, study what consumers need, find out our mistakes, make up for them, and give full play to our own advantages..."<br />
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老皇历说:“知识分子是臭老九……”<br />
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The old Chinese almanac said: "Intellectuals are Stinking Old Ninth (ten "castes" of Chinese: bureaucrats, officials, Buddhist monks, Taoist priests, physicians, workers, hunters, prostitutes, (ninth) Confucian scholars and finally beggars)..."<br />
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李德海对某组织部长说:<br />
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Li Dehai said to an organization minister:<br />
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“诸葛亮活了56岁,就是不能用人,一个人干,累死了。用兵就是用人,企业管理的核心就是管人,所以我的责任就是管人。管好这个生产力的‘最关键因素’。……官僚主义不爱惜人才,他需要奴才!经营一个企业,必须能拿到利润。靠拼体力,顶多能使利润慢慢地增长,而人才是‘核反应堆’,使利润成倍增长。<br />
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"Zhuge Liang lived 56 years old, but he didn’t know how to find others’ potential, so he was tired to death. To use military forces is to employ talented people, and the core of enterprise management is to manage people, so my responsibility is to manage people. Managing this "most critical factor" in production... Bureaucracy doesn't care for talents, but needs sycophants! To run a business, you must be able to get profits. With labour, profits can grow slowly at best, while talents are "nuclear reactors", which can multiply profits.<br />
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“管好人首先要责任明确。这要有两条保证:政治权力务实,经济利益直接。共产主义时代人们以最高的觉悟代替责任制,到那时应干的,没人不让干,有人不让干,我也要干,不应该给的没人给,有人给我也不要。这就是共产主义觉悟。过去的政治工作,整天翻档案,现在的政治工作,要转向为经济工作服务……<br />
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"Managing people well must first require clear responsibilities. There are two guarantees: exercising political rights well and controlling one’s own benefits. In the Communist era, people replaced the responsibility system with the highest awareness. At that time, no one will refuse to do what should be done; I will still do what should be done even if I am not allowed to do it; no one will give what should not be given, and I will not receive it even if others give what should not be given to me. This is communist awareness. In the past, political work included turning over archives all day, but now political work should help to improve the economy... "<br />
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“礼治君子,法治小人,棒子治驴。前两句是孔子的,后一句是我的。”<br />
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"Courtesy governs the gentleman; law deals with the villain; sticks frighten donkey. The first two sentences are from Confucius and the latter sentence is from me."<br />
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老皇历说:“新三年,旧三年,缝缝补补又三年。”<br />
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The old Chinese almanac said: "When you buy something to use, it is new for you in 3 years. Then it will become old in next 3 years. At last, it needs to be repaired to use in the last 3 years."<br />
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李德海对新华社社长穆青说:<br />
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Li Dehai told Mu Qing, Xinhua News Agency President:<br />
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“我不带头存款,我带头消费。消费可以刺激生产。低标准,低消费,自满自足的生活方式是小生产观念的反映。简朴是一种美德,但简朴不等于安贫。艰苦朴素是我们的传统,但不是我们追求的目的。西关大队要有300万存款就不好领导了,坐着吃利息,导致社会经济瘫痪。猪肥了不动弹。生产,分配,流通,消费,是商品的总体过程,高分配必须伴随着高消费。外国人能享受的,我们中国人到时候也能享受!我们规定:凡购买十四寸彩电者,每台补贴300元;凡购买电冰箱、电风扇、录音机、洗衣机者,每年补贴零售价的25% ;凡购买新式家具者,每件补贴购进价的10%,鼓励消费。现在全村彩电和新式家具已达到100%。"<br />
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"I don't take the lead in saving money, but I take the lead in spending. Consumption can stimulate production. The lifestyle of low standard, low consumption and complacency is the reflection of the concept of small production. Simplicity is a virtue, but simplicity does not mean poverty. Hard work and plain living are our tradition, but they are not our goal. If Xiguan Brigade has a deposit of 3 million yuan, it will be difficult to lead, because people in this brigade will sit down and enjoy interest, leading to social and economic paralysis. Pigs don't move when they are fat. Production, distribution, circulation and consumption are the overall process of commodities, and high distribution must be accompanied by high consumption. What foreigners can enjoy, we Chinese can enjoy it then! Our policies are that those who buy 14-inch color TV sets will be subsidized by 300 yuan per TV; Those who buy refrigerators, electric fans, tape recorders and washing machines are subsidized by 25% of the retail price every year; For those who buy new furniture, 10% of the buying price is subsidized for each piece to encourage consumption. Now everyone has color TV sets and new furniture in the village. "<br />
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老皇历说:“当一天和尚撞一天钟。”<br />
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The old Chinese almanac said: "Go on tolling the bell as long as one is a monk."<br />
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李德海对剧作家漠雁说:<br />
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Li Dehai said to Mo Yan, a playwright:<br />
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“我一辈子欠两个人的情,一个是我母亲的情,一个是共产党的情。我们共产党人要干一天打算一辈子。作为一个共产党员,你那个单位搞不好,就起到了反对党的作用,因为你导致了群众对党的不满。我们是共产党人,我们要维护共产党的事业,共产党的事业要令人向往!是真拥护党的路线,还是假拥护党的路线,检验的标准是实践,你能为党办成一点事也好！如果我们每个共产党人都在中华民族历史上做出一点点贡献的话,共产主义的到来就会大大加快！生当作人杰,死亦为鬼雄,君子持德不图其报,我们这些人都是为党死而后已的人,个人有什么呢?”<br />
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"I owe two people in my life. One is my mother and the other is the Communist Party. We Communists have to plan our whole life for one day. As a Communist Party member, if your department is not good, it means the Party is prevented from development, because you have caused the masses to be dissatisfied with the Party. We are Communists, so we should safeguard the cause of the Communist Party, which should be desirable! The standard of test is practice, checking whether you really support the party's line or not. And it is good that you can accomplish something for the party! If each of us communists makes a little contribution in the history of the Chinese nation, the arrival of communism will be greatly accelerated! Be man of men while you're alive, and soul of souls if you're dead. A gentleman with virtue doesn’t ask for rewards. We are all people who can die for the party. Does it matter for only a person?"<br />
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老皇历说:“知足常乐,安贫乐道。”<br />
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The old Chinese almanac said: "Be content with your current situation and a simple but virtuous life."<br />
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李德海对笔者说:<br />
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Li Dehai said to the author:<br />
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“我喜欢和文艺界的人交往,一是你们说的话不为准,二是能开阔我的眼界。<br />
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"I like to associate with people in the literary and art circles. First, what you say does not need to be exact. Second, but you can broaden my horizons."<br />
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“历史上改革者都没有好下场。商鞅变革被五马分尸,王安石变法掉了乌纱帽。大将不怕阵前亡,有心当改革者就不怕掉脑袋！对改革的两种看法,过去有, 现在有,将来也有！长六指的人本来是怪异,突然割了去也觉得像少了什么。改革者的前提是爱国主义精神。爱国主义精神是最大的精神文明。国家如有难,汝当做先锋。共产党人为改革敢于去攻碉堡,敢于捐躯铺路。我说应该给改革者立功, 评一级英雄！<br />
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"Reformers have never come to a good end in history. Shang Yang was dismembered because of his reform, and Wang Anshi lost his job because of the New Policies. A general is not afraid of dying in the battle, and if one wants to be a reformer, he is not afraid of losing his life! There are two views on reform in the past, now and in the future! People with six fingers were originally weird, and suddenly they felt like something was missing when a finger was cut off. The premise of reformers is patriotism. Patriotism is the greatest spiritual civilization. If your country is in trouble, you should be a pioneer. Communists dare to attack bunkers and die for reform. I think that we should make meritorious deeds to reformers and evaluate first- level heroes!"<br />
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“改革也不是一朝一夕的事情。国营企业没松绑那时候,我们是活人和死人打仗,那还没有个赢?现在一松绑,有些人还麻木不仁,真正想干点事的人,现在就该加快步伐整顿。<br />
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"Reform cannot be completed in a matter of days. At that time, when power was not devolved to the state-owned enterprises, we were fighting with the dead, so will we lose? Now that state-owned companies have power, some people are still insensitive. Those who really want to do something should speed up the pace of rectification now."<br />
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“做什么事情不能有把握了再干,有个五六成就动手啊,说不定一干就干成了。 万无一失、手拿把攥的方案是没有的,按部就班,那不叫改革！<br />
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"We can’t do something after we are sure about it. When the possibility of success is beyond 50%, we can embark on reforms and maybe we will be successful. There is no plan to be foolproof. Sticking to the rules is not reform!"<br />
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“你们写文章要实事求是,不要把改革者写成神。只要写出改革者的苦衷,写出他们为什么要这么做,就行了！让外面知道中国农民是有血性、有志气、有刚火、有才干的,是能够夸耀于整个人类的！”<br />
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"You should seek truth from facts when writing articles, and don't regard reformers as gods. Just write down the difficulties of reformers and why they did it! Let the outside know that Chinese farmers are enthusiastic, upright, ambitious, competent and talented, and can be praised among the whole mankind!"<br />
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黄昏中的曲线<br />
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Curvy Figures in the Dusk<br />
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——向封建礼教告别<br />
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—Say goodbye to Feudal Ethics<br />
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一个小小的村子,一下拿出20万元,建起两个露天游泳池,在全国也许是第 一家。<br />
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A small village spent 200,000 yuan at a time on two outdoor swimming pools, which may be the first one in China.<br />
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西关游泳池开放那天,正逢我在他们大队采访,那是7月16日,头一天,李德 海到游泳池边巡视一圈,觉得这里少了点什么,当即把大修厂厂长和玩具厂的厂长叫了来:<br />
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On the opening day of Xiguan Swimming Pool, I was interviewing their brigade. It was July 16. Before the day, Li Dehai visited the swimming pool and felt that there was something missing here. He immediately called the director of a garage and a toy factory:<br />
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“搞两个跳水台,两个更衣室,要符合规格,美观大方,明天早晨我来看！”<br />
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"Build two diving platforms and two locker rooms, which should meet the specifications and be beautiful and tasteful. I will come to see them tomorrow morning!"<br />
<br />
两位厂长不敢怠慢,连夜带领工人铆、焊、锯、接,第二天来参加剪彩仪式的人们瞠目结舌,游泳池端神话般地立起两个高高的跳水台,那是足以和“奥运会”赛场上的跳水台媲美的,另外还有两个小别墅式的浅绿色的更衣室。<br />
<br />
The two factory directors did not dare to neglect, so they led the workers to do their jobs, welding and sawing overnight. The people who came to attend the ribbon-cutting ceremony the next day were stunned. Erected at the end of the swimming pool surprisingly were two high diving platforms, which were comparable to the diving platforms in the Olympic Games. There were also two small villa-style light green locker rooms.<br />
<br />
姑娘们不好意思走近游泳池跟前,用正眼去看那些裸露着肌肤的小伙子们,但新生活的浪花毕竟有巨大的吸引力,小伙子们在池中的每一声拍击都回荡着文明的呼唤。<br />
<br />
Girls were embarrassed to approach the swimming pool and look at the bare-skinned boys, but after all, the waves of new life had great attraction, and every slap of the boys in the pool echoed the call of civilization.<br />
<br />
于是,有两位姑娘挺身而出,在黄昏时起程,开始了向文明的过渡——她们带着羞颜租了游泳衣和救生圈,在晚霞中显露出自己优美的曲线——世界突然发现了她们,她们解下了束在身上的封建礼教,勇敢地向水中跳去,让肌肤贴着新生活的潮流。<br />
<br />
So, two girls stepped forward and set out at dusk to the transition of civilization. They rented swimming suits and lifebuoys with shame, and showed their beautiful curves in the sunset. The world suddenly found them. They took off the feudal ethics tied around their bodies and bravely jumped into the water, letting their skin feel the trend of new life.<br />
<br />
不幸的是,像任何的开拓和探索,都会遇到风浪和波折,一位姑娘不慎将救生圈脱手,这里的水深是2米至4米,她陷于“灭顶之灾”。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, like any development and exploration, there will be storms and difficulties in the process. A girl didn’t seize her lifebuoy accidentally. The water depth here was 2 meters to 4 meters, and she was in danger.<br />
<br />
她的伙伴拼命为她呼喊:“快来救命呀!”<br />
<br />
Her partner shouted desperately for her: "Help!"<br />
<br />
在隔壁池里游泳的小伙子们,开始以为是一个玩笑,当发现是事实时,他们比任何时候都更踊跃,争先恐后地游上前来扶腰、托腿、拉臂、抱头……<br />
<br />
The boys swimming in the next pool began to think it was a joke. When it was found to be true, they were more active than ever, scrambling to swim forward to grab her waist, support her legs, pull her arms and hold her heads...<br />
<br />
两个姑娘回到了更衣室。<br />
<br />
The two girls returned to the dressing room.<br />
<br />
功勋卓绝的小伙子们都不想离去,刚才忙于救护,没有看清两个“开拓者”的芳颜,他们静静地守候在更衣室的门口,像等待着女皇加冕仪式……<br />
<br />
Boys helping a lot didn't want to leave. They just got busy with rescue, so they didn't see the two "pioneers" clearly. They waited quietly at the door of the locker room, like waiting for the coronation ceremony of the Queen...<br />
<br />
撕去封建礼教的遮布,他们也忽然发现了自己的姐妹,发现了美的曲线!<br />
<br />
Tearing off the cloth of feudal ethics, they suddenly discovered their sisters and the curve of beauty!<br />
<br />
但是,使他们大为失望的是,两位姑娘不愿以失败者的面目出现在异性面 前——从后门悄悄离去了!<br />
<br />
However, to their great disappointment, the two girls did not want to appear in front of the opposite sex as losers, so they quietly left through the back door!<br />
<br />
游泳池小小的涟漪冲击进西关大队办公室,有人把它传为险情,有人把它当作逸闻,胆子大的人们对李德海进谏:<br />
<br />
The small ripples in the swimming pool spread across the office of Xiguan Brigade. Some people regarded it as a danger, others regarded it as an anecdote. Some courageous people advised Li Dehai:<br />
<br />
“你修那个游泳池太深了,穆铁柱下去也不露头!”<br />
<br />
"That swimming pool you have built is too deep, and Mu Tiezhu (he is more than 2 memters) can be drowned when he went down!"<br />
<br />
“外国说儿童游泳对身体有好处,咱的池子那么深,儿童更下不去！”<br />
<br />
"Foreign countries say that swimming for children is good for their health. Our pool is so deep that children can't get down!"<br />
<br />
李德海没有回答,久久地沉默着。猛然,他拿起电话:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai did not answer and remained silent for a long time. Suddenly, he picked up the phone:<br />
<br />
“给我接建筑队……许经理吗?你来一下。”<br />
<br />
"Call the construction team... Manager Xu? Come here."<br />
<br />
李德海把建筑队的经理领到游泳池边,用手一指:“在这里再挖一个游泳池,一米五深。3天以内把土方挖完,5天砌好!”<br />
<br />
Li Dehai led the manager of the construction team to the swimming pool and pointed with his finger: "Dig another swimming pool here with the depth of 1.5 meters. Dig the earthwork within 3 days and build it in 5 days!"<br />
<br />
推土机隆隆地开上了那块古老的土地,要为姐妹们开辟ー个文明的渡口……<br />
<br />
Bulldozers rumbled on the ancient land to open up civilized ferry crossings for sisters...<br />
<br />
不久,新游泳池建成,姐妹们不必再用黄昏和暮色遮掩你们的曲线,在正午的阳光下走来吧,如果你们愿意,也不妨穿上比基尼泳装,新文明的春光属于你们的父兄,当然也属于你们!<br />
<br />
Soon, the new swimming pool was built. Sisters, you don't have to cover your curves with dusk and twilight. Come in the midday sun. If you like, you may as well wear bikinis. The spring of new civilization belongs to your father and brother, and of course it belongs to you!<br />
<br />
文明大厦的崛起<br />
<br />
The Rise of Civilization Building<br />
<br />
——向愚昧告别<br />
<br />
—Say goodbye to Ignorance<br />
<br />
李德海在西关创办了全中国第一座农民中专。<br />
<br />
Li Dehai founded the first farmers’ technical secondary school in Xiguan.<br />
<br />
西关农民中专设有乡镇商业和乡镇企业机械制造两个专业,今年首批招生 100名,也就是说,以后每年都将有100个“孙智坤”跨进这个全国第一个由农村生产队兴办的中等专科学校。<br />
<br />
Xiguan Farmers' Technical Secondary School has two majors: township commerce and township enterprise machinery manufacturing. This year, 100 students were enrolled first, that is to say, every year, 100 "Sun Zhikun" will step into the first secondary school set up by rural production teams in China.<br />
<br />
这所学校投资55万元,对于一个农村生产队,是一笔不小的数目。如今,这所文明的大厦已经矗立在宁海湖边。李德海兼任这所农民中专的校长,聘请山东经济学院院长张文杰为名誉校长,并聘请了13名大专毕业的教师。招生对象是高中毕业或具有同等学力的农村青年,参加全省农民中专统一招生考试。学制两年。学习期满、考试合格者,学校发给毕业证书。愿留西关村工作者,经半年实习录用,享受中专毕业生待遇,上学期间学费由西关村退给本人,并每月追发补贴30元。<br />
<br />
This school has invested 550,000 yuan, which is not a small amount of money for a rural production team. Today, this civilization building has stood by Ninghai Lake. Li Dehai is also the principal of this farmer technical secondary school, and Zhang Wenjie, president of Shandong Institute of Economics, is invited as honorary principal. 13 college graduates are hired. Prospective students are rural youth who graduated from high school or have the same educational level, who can participate in the entrance examination of farmers' technical secondary schools in the whole province. The length of schooling is two years. The school will issue graduation certificates to those who pass the examination after the completion of their studies. Workers who are willing to stay in Xiguan Village enjoy the treatment like technical secondary school graduates after half a year's internship. Tuition fees will be refunded to them by Xiguan Village during school, and 30 yuan will be subsidized every month.<br />
<br />
兴办这所中专的深远意义还在于从知识结构上改造农民队伍,由“体力型”转向“智力型”,使之适应现代化的需要,李德海已经看到,仅靠业余教育已远远不够,靠招聘也非长远之计。<br />
<br />
The far-reaching significance of setting up this technical secondary school lies in transforming the farmer’s team from "physical strength" to "intelligence" in terms of knowledge structure, so as to meet the needs of modernization. Li Dehai has seen that amateur education alone is far from enough, and recruitment is not a long-term solution.<br />
<br />
这里要提一笔的是,李德海的招贤纳士在胶东是闻名的。这里没有门户之见, 招聘来的人可以当厂长,当经理,拿西关最高工薪。在1000多名外来人中,人才济济、藏龙卧虎。他们中有会四种外语的经济专家、有机械行业闻名的工程师、有部队离休的团政治委员、有黄埔军校的军医、有“余热发电”的退休教师、有劳改释放的技术员、有李宗仁主持过婚礼的“右派厂长”、有走投无路想跳水库的技术科长、有备受打击的会计师、有逃婚在外的少女、有被哥嫂打出来的孤儿……<br />
<br />
It should be mentioned here that Li Dehai is famous for recruiting talents in Jiaodong. There is no bias against diploma here. The recruits can be factory directors and managers to get the highest salary in Xiguan. Among more than 1,000 outsiders, there are many talented people and undiscovered talents. Among them are economists who can speak four foreign languages, famous engineers in the machinery industry, retired political commissars of the regiment, military doctors of Republic of China Military Academy, retired teachers who still would like to make contributions in spare time, technicians released after the reform through labor, "right-wing factory director" who had a wedding presided by Li Zongren, technical section chief who had no way out to jump into the reservoir, accountants who have been lashed out, girls who have escaped from marriage, and orphans who have been beaten by their brothers and sisters...<br />
<br />
这些人在西关都找到了自己的位置,成为一个有用的人,为西关的起飞做出了贡献!<br />
<br />
These people have found their own position in Xiguan, become available to the society, and made contributions to the take-off of Xiguan!<br />
<br />
愚昧,不仅在于没有文化,更在于对文化的轻视和践踏!<br />
<br />
Ignorance lies not only in lack of culture, but also in contempt for and trampling on culture!<br />
<br />
随着党风的改进和企业的竞争,这些人才的社会来源将越来越少,西关应有自己的文化大厦,从里面走出自己的厂长、工程师、会计师、技术员。<br />
<br />
With the improvement of the Party's work style and the competition of enterprises, social sources of these talents will become less and less. Xiguan should have its own cultural building, from which its own factory directors, engineers, accountants and technicians will be nurtured.<br />
<br />
这就是1984年春天,在病中的李德海为什么急切地把厂长们叫到床前,分派木材厂做桌椅板凳和床铺,分派商场配备炊事用具、教学用具,分派总务主任置办办公设备。而有关人才的选聘,都是李德海亲顾茅庐。<br />
<br />
This is why in the spring of 1984, Li Dehai, who was ill, eagerly called the factory directors to the bed, assigned the timber factory to make tables, chairs, stool and beds, assigned the shopping mall to be equipped with cooking utensils and teaching utensils, and assigned the general affairs director to buy office equipment. And the selection and employment of talents are all managed by Li Dehai.<br />
<br />
有一天,烟台职业教育局一位处长向李德海传信,本县西留格庄联中有一位哈尔滨商校毕业的民办教师。李德海立时从炕上爬起——学校正缺商业专科教师, 他拉上县教育局的离休干部曲维涛登上吉普车。<br />
<br />
One day, a director of Yantai Vocational Education Bureau sent a message to Li Dehai, saying that there was an uncertified teacher who graduated from Harbin Commercial College in Liugezhuang Union Middle School of the western county. Li Dehai immediately climbed up from the heatable brick bed, because the school was short of business college teachers. He asked Qu Weitao, a retired cadre of the county education bureau, and boarded the jeep.<br />
<br />
天已中午,他连午饭也顾不上吃,滴着虚汗,操纵着方向盘,像一个往前方抢运弹药的火线驾驶员。<br />
<br />
It was already noon, but he can't even attend the lunch. Dripping with sweat, steering the steering wheel, he was like a driver rushing forward to transport ammunition.<br />
<br />
汽车径直开到那位教师的家门前,那位教师不知发生了什么事情,因为从来没 有坐吉普车的人来找过他。<br />
<br />
The jeep drove straight to the teacher's door. He didn’t know what happened, because no one in the jeep had ever come to him.<br />
<br />
“孔老师,我是来求贤的！”李德海进门第一句话这样说。<br />
<br />
"Mr. Kong, I'm here to seek talents!" Li Dehai said in the first sentence when he entered the house.<br />
<br />
这位被岁月夺走了青春的民办教师名叫孔庆埠,1957年商校毕业后,几十年来,他的专业一直没有得以应用。<br />
<br />
This uncertified teacher, who was not in his prime, was named Kong Qingbu. After graduating from business school in 1957, he has not applied his expertise for decades.<br />
<br />
“你在商校都学过一些什么课程?……西关中专准备设商业班,你愿不愿意应聘?”<br />
<br />
"What courses have you studied in business schools?... We are preparing to set up a business class in Xiguan Technical Secondary School. Are you willing to join us?"<br />
<br />
“二十多年了,学过的东西都忘了。有些知识也老化了。”<br />
<br />
"It has been over twenty years, so I have forgotten what I have learned. Some knowledge is not new."<br />
<br />
“忘了可以复习,比没有学过要强。去了以后可以边干边学,教学空闲到别的学校走一走,自己深造!”<br />
<br />
"You can review it even if you forget it, and forgetting knowledge is better than not learning. After you come to our school, you can learn knowledge while working, take a walk in other schools when you are free to pursue advanced studies!"<br />
<br />
这个被遗忘在穷山沟里20多年的商校毕业生,做梦也没想到自己的专业还会再有用武之地。他的结发妻子和3个孩子在一边眼巴巴地看着他。<br />
<br />
This business school graduate, who has been forgotten in the poor ravine for more than 20 years, never dreamed that his major would be useful again. His wife and three children watched him eagerly.<br />
<br />
“如果西关需要,李书记你瞧得起,我去！只是不知学校和乡里同意不同意。”<br />
<br />
"If Xiguan needs me and you think highly of me, I'll go! I just don't know if the school and the township agree or not."<br />
<br />
“由我来办!”<br />
<br />
"I'll do it!"<br />
<br />
李德海又登上吉普车,奔学校,奔乡政府去通融。这样一桩复杂的“人事”,从出车到事情定盘,总共用了40分钟的时间。3天以后,孔庆埠已经成了李德海家里的座上客了！<br />
<br />
Li Dehai boarded the jeep again, ran to the school and the township government to bend the rules. Such a complicated thing took a total of 40 minutes from getting out of the car to making a deal. Three days later, Kong Qingbu has become a guest at Li Dehai's home!<br />
<br />
第八章故乡的足音<br />
<br />
Chapter 8 Sound of Footsteps in Hometown<br />
<br />
1984年阴历大年初一,宁海镇举行了有史以来的第一次农民队伍的检阅。<br />
<br />
On the Chinses New Year's Day in 1984, Ninghai Town held the first ever inspection of farmers’ teams.<br />
<br />
迎着早春的霞光,壮阔的万人长队穿过古老而年轻的镇街。<br />
<br />
Facing the glow of early spring, 10,000 people queuing passed through the ancient and young town streets, which was magnificent.<br />
<br />
走在最前面的方队,是宁海镇的农民仪仗队,由120名乡镇企业的男女青年组 成,身穿一色的将军呢制服,戴着白手套,他们高举着彩旗,吹奏着军乐。他们吹奏“国歌”,吹奏“镇歌”——<br />
<br />
The front formation was the honor guard of farmers in Ninghai Town, which was composed of 120 young men and women wearing the same color of general uniforms and white gloves from township enterprises. They held high colorful flags and played military music. They played the national anthem and the town song—<br />
<br />
前进,英雄的宁海人民,<br />
<br />
Forward, heroic Ninghai people,<br />
<br />
党的路线指引着我们向新的时代进军!<br />
<br />
the Party's line guides us to March into a new era!<br />
<br />
我们顶天立地,<br />
<br />
We are indomitable spirit,<br />
<br />
倒悬沧海,<br />
<br />
hanging upside down in the sea,<br />
<br />
吞吐乾坤,<br />
<br />
inhaling and exhaling between heaven and earth,<br />
<br />
敢当历史的巨人。<br />
<br />
and becoming a giant of history.<br />
<br />
勇于开拓,<br />
<br />
Be brave in pioneering,<br />
<br />
万众一心,<br />
<br />
Unite as one,<br />
<br />
向着光辉灿烂的目标,<br />
<br />
Towards a brilliant goal,<br />
<br />
前进,前进,再前进!<br />
<br />
Forward, forward, forward again!<br />
<br />
写着2000年的巨大的火车头开过来了（里面罩着汽车）!它喷吐着浓烟,拉着汽笛;它运行的节奏,震撼着大地,它象征着历史的列车飞速奔驰。<br />
<br />
The huge locomotive with the words 2000 was coming (cars were in it)! It spewed smoke and pulled the whistle; The rhythm of its operation shook the earth. It symbolized that history was developing fast like a zooming train.<br />
<br />
紧跟在后面的,是西关大队。“大黄河”上载着男女社员装扮的“八仙过海”。连续3年人均分配千元的西关人,意气风发地跟在1984年夺得700万纯利润的彩牌车后。他们无愧于是胶东改革的火车头!<br />
<br />
Closely followed was Xiguan Brigade. In the "Great Yellow River" were "eight immortals" dressed up by male and female members. Xiguan people, who have been allocated 1,000 yuan per capita for three consecutive years, exuberantly followed the colorful car with a net profit of 7 million yuan in 1984. They are worthy of being the locomotive of reform in Jiaodong!<br />
<br />
最先和西关争雄的新牟人追上来了! 20辆幸福摩托车在前面开路,像欢迎某国的总统。气势磅礴的“大解放”车队,分别装有“龙凤呈祥”和大队出产的各种工业品的模型转塔。比这更夺目的是他们打出了在新的一年要实现人均分配2000元的彩牌!站在街两旁“吃国库粮”的观众无不为之瞠目结舌。<br />
<br />
The first to compete with Xiguan was Xinmou people who have caught up! 20 Xingfu motorcycles opened the way in front, like welcoming the president of a certain country. The magnificent "Great Liberation" motorcade was equipped with model turrets of "prosperity brought by the dragon and the phoenix" and various products produced by the brigade. What was more striking than this was that they have printed the color card of 2000 yuan per capita in the new year! The audience who had urban household registration standing on both sides of the street was stunned.<br />
<br />
东油坊的方队、王家疃的方队、王贺庄的方队、孔家疃的方队、文化里的方队……一个方队,一排奔腾的浪涛！<br />
<br />
Dongyoufang's formation, Wang village's formation, Wanghezhuang's formation, Kong village's formation, Wenhuali's square team... a formation was like rushing waves!<br />
<br />
——这是真正的男子汉的方队！队伍里集合了不同年龄、不同气质的应稼汉, 他们穿上了一色的“料子服”。那是饱经风霜,像油画《父亲》ー样的面孔,那是涂着古铜色的油彩,像黄河船夫一样的面孔,那是有着目光像铁块一样坚定的面孔, 那是有着额角像大理石一样平展的面孔。无数流逝的岁月在他们的手上磨起了老茧,崎岖的路程膨胀了他们腿上的筋脉。作为共和国大厦的地基,他们嶙峋的肩架上曾背起过大庆的井架,他们的手腕曾擎起过联合国大厦上的五星红旗!今天他们用新的智慧充实了自己的大脑,用新的物质延长了自己的手臂,在这片古老的大地上开动了马达,建筑起大厦,奏响了仙乐,浇灌出鲜花,创建了法则,塑造了时代! 他们扬起男子汉的头颅,那是成熟了的思想果实,历尽了人间的雨雪风霜;他们的双脚是锋利的耧角,在时代的沟垄里插下希望和奇迹——为了使每一个母亲不再为生活垂泪,为使每一个妻子不再为辛劳早衰,为了使每一个女儿不再出卖美丽的发辫,为了使每一个童心的幻想不遭受摧残……<br />
<br />
This was the real man's formation! Wearing the same color of woolen uniform, farmers of different ages and temperament gathered in the team. It was a weather-beaten face like the oil painting "Father", a face painted with bronze, a face like the Yellow River boatman, a face with firm eyes like iron blocks, and a face with flat forehead like marble. Calluses on their hands were caused by past years, and tendons on their legs were expanded because of the rugged journey. As the foundation of the Republic Building, they once carried the derrick of Daqing on their bony shoulders, and their wrists once held the five-star red flag on the United Nations Building! Today, they enrich their brains with new wisdom, extend their arms with new materials, start motors, build buildings, play beautiful music, water flowers, create laws and shape the times in this ancient land! They raise the head of a man, which is the fruit of mature thought and has experienced the rain, snow, wind and frost on earth. Their feet are sharp farming tools, growing hopes and miracles in the furrows and ridges of the times. Because they don’t want to make every mother stop crying for life, make every wife stop aging prematurely for hard work, make every daughter stop selling beautiful braids, and make every childlike fantasy not destroyed...<br />
<br />
——这是以贤良、勤劳闻名的胶东妇女方队！她们步履整齐,也和男子汉们一样,穿上了一色的呢料服装,她们舍弃了那打着补丁的衣服和打着补丁的日子。她们来自窄窄的磨道,来自低矮的灶台,来自茂密而炎热的青纱帐,来自古老小河边的棒槌石。她们集合在时代的旗帜下,脚上不再像祖母和母亲那样裹着缠足布,脸上不像昨日那样带有菜色。男子汉们不会忘记你们,你们用自己的忍饥受饿支撑了贫穷的日子,你们用工巧的针线缝补了艰涩的岁月。胃袋里的瓜蔓、树皮曾早谢了你们的青春,寒冷的秋霜冬雪染白了你们的鬓发！是你们把辛勤养育的儿子和兄弟送给人民军队,让他们用胸膛守卫国疆。为了每ー个父亲、丈夫、儿子都能体面地活在世上,你们把自己的生命变成燃烧的烛光。而今你们挺起了丰满的身躯, 衣襟在行进中旗帜一样飘起,像走向丰收的田野,去收获稻谷,去收获商品,收获汽笛一样欢乐的笑声和锻锤一样凝重的尊严,补偿那歉收的年景……<br />
<br />
This was the formation of Jiaodong women, who were famous for their virtue and diligence! They walked neatly and wore the same color of woolen clothes as men. They gave up the patched clothes and bad days. They come from narrow mill roads, low stoves, thick and hot green fields, and sticks used to pound clothes in washing by ancient rivers. They gather under the banner of the times, and their feet are no longer wrapped in foot-binding cloth like their grandmother and mother, and their faces were not that pale as they were yesterday. Men will never forget you. You have experienced the poor days by suffering from hunger, and you have sewed up the difficult years with skillful needles and threads. The vines and bark in the stomach were in your youth, and the cold autumn frost and winter snow have dyed your sideburns white! It was you who gave your hard-raised sons and brothers to the people's army and asked them to guard the country with their chests. To make every father, husband and son live decently in the world, you turned your life into a burning candlelight. Now you have stood up your plump bod with your skirts floating like flags while marching, like heading for a bumper harvest field to harvest rice, goods, joyful laughter like whistles and dignity like forging hammers, and compensating for the poor harvest year...<br />
<br />
游行队伍里有歌声的舒展,舞姿的奔放,雄狮的跳跃,长龙的奔腾,这是从历史深处走出来的土地的灵魂！<br />
<br />
In the parade, there were relaxing songs, enthusiastic dance, jumping lions and rushing dragons, which were the soul of the land coming out from the depths of history!<br />
<br />
沸腾的宁海镇！激动的宁海镇！<br />
<br />
Ninghai Town with a cacophony of voices! Excited Ninghai Town!<br />
<br />
这队伍像解冻的冰川,你可以听到冰块向前流动的互相撞击声;这队伍是流淌的岩浆,你可以感受到那炙烤肌肤的热风,它冲决了凝固了几千年的传统,一直向前、向前,什么力量也不能把它阻挡！<br />
<br />
This team was like a thawed glacier, and you can hear the sound of ice flowing forward and hitting each other. This team was flowing magma, and you can feel the hot air blowing your skin. It broke the rooted tradition that had been for thousands of years, kept moving forward, and no force can stop it!<br />
<br />
这支按共产党人的构思组合起来的队伍,不再是黄巢的散兵,不再是李自成的败伍,他们是新时期的胶东子弟兵纵队,集合在镰刀、斧头的旗帜下,走进了伟大的中国改革史诗之页,冲撞着21世纪的横线……<br />
<br />
This team combined according to the idea of the communists is no longer Huang Chao’s stragglers and disbanded soldiers or Li Zicheng’s defeated soilders. They are the Jiaodong’s military columns in the new era, who gather under the banner of sickle and axe and are written on the page of the great Chinese reform epic, breaching the barrier of the 21st century...<br />
<br />
（原载《解放军文艺》1985年第5期）<br />
<br />
(Originally published in the People's Liberation Army Literature and Art, Issue 5, 1985)<br />
<br />
==卷二：3.理论狂人 Volume 2: 3.Theory Fanatic==<br />
<br />
理论狂人<br />
<br />
Theory Fanatic<br />
<br />
——献给一位无名经济理论家<br />
<br />
—To a Unsung Economic Theorist<br />
<br />
陈祖芬<br />
<br />
Chen Zufen<br />
<br />
这里就是罗陀斯,就在这里跳跃吧!<br />
<br />
Hic Rhodus, hic salta! <br />
<br />
这里就有玫瑰花,就在这里跳舞吧!<br />
<br />
Here is the rose, here dance! <br />
<br />
——马克思<br />
<br />
—Karl Marx<br />
<br />
夏时制与变革的强制性<br />
<br />
Mandatory for Daylight Saving Time and Reform<br />
<br />
“从北京开往西安的35次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间8点06分。<br />
<br />
"The No.35 train from Beijing to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 8:06."<br />
<br />
“从成都开往西安的238次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间9点12分。<br />
<br />
"The No.238 train from Chengdu to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 9:12."<br />
<br />
“从太原开往西安的425次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间9点52分。<br />
<br />
"The No.425 train from Taiyuan to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 9:52."<br />
<br />
“从上海开往乌鲁木齐的53次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间11点16分。<br />
<br />
"The No.53 train from Shanghai to Urumqi has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 11:16."<br />
<br />
“从广州开往西安的273次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间12点56分。<br />
<br />
"The No.273 train from Guangzhou to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 12:56."<br />
<br />
“从郑州开往西安的4次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间4点14分。”<br />
<br />
"The No.4 trains from Zhengzhou to Xi'an have arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 4:14."<br />
<br />
每次播音员的话音一落,列车里便站起一个个激动不安、迫不及待的记者和学者。1986年5月,从四面八方开往西安的列车和飞机上,突然冒出了这么多“心动过速”的人们——他们的心,早就超越了火车和飞机的速度到达了西安。《人民日报》的记者心急火燎地从北京开着皇冠车,星夜兼程地驰向古都西安。《羊城晚报》的记者,一听说我国20世纪以来发掘的最大的墓葬揭椁开棺,跳上小车去赶广州开往西安的飞机。<br />
<br />
Every time when the announcer finished his words, excited journalists and scholars can’t wait to stand up in the train. In May 1986, on the trains and planes heading for Xi'an from all directions, so many people with "tachycardia" suddenly appeared—their hearts had already surpassed the speed of trains and planes to reach Xi'an. Reporters of People's Daily drove the Toyota Crown from Beijing anxiously to Xi'an, the ancient Chinses capital, all night. Hearing that the largest tomb excavated in China since the 20th century would be uncovered, reporters of Yangcheng Evening News jumped into a car to catch the plane from Guangzhou to Xi'an.<br />
<br />
2600年前建造的这个秦公一号大墓,为研究中国奴隶社会的政治、经济、文化,提供了大量的实物资料。<br />
<br />
The tomb of Duke Jing of Qin built 2,600 years ago provides a lot of materials for studying the politics, economy and culture of Chinese slave society.<br />
<br />
按照马克思主义的历史观,铁器是封建社会生产力水平的一种标志。然而秦公一号大墓,一方面以180多个殉葬的棺椁把秦国的奴隶制社会无可辩驳地展现在我们面前,另一方面又以已经出土的十多件精良的铁器,撼动了关于铁器的标志说。难道秦人也要向马克思主义挑战?我夹杂在“发掘热”的人群里走进了西去的列车。不过我不是想去发掘秦俑的。我要去发掘一个也许是当今了不起的经济理论家。我相信这个人的探索可以为今天中国的经济体制改革提供一些理论依据。<br />
<br />
According to the Marxist view of history, iron is a symbol of the production level in feudal society. However, the tomb of Duke Jing of Qin consisting of over 180 coffins, on the one hand, have irrefutably displayed the slave society of Qin in front of us. On the other hand, more than ten excellent ironware have been unearthed, changing the view of ironware. Do Qin people also challenge Marxism? I walked into the train going west in the crowd obsessed with "excavation rush". But I don't want to see Terracotta Army. I'm going to find a great economic theorist today. I believe this man's exploration can provide some theoretical basis for China's economic system reform today.<br />
<br />
5月4日。我搭乘的279次列车是晚8点多开车。我掐着时间走进列车,一看 表,怎么才7点多?是不是我家里那只钟走错了?还是我糊里糊涂地早走了一小时?可我也不至于这么错乱呵!现在到底是7点还是8点?<br />
<br />
On May 4th, my No.279 train should leave at 8 o'clock in the evening. I calculated the time to walk into the train and look at my watch. Why was it only about 7 o'clock? Was the clock in my house going wrong? Or did I leave an hour early in a confused way? But I would not do it so unwittingly! Was it 7 o'clock or 8 o'clock?<br />
<br />
车窗口的两位穿着蓝西服和灰西服的公民同时亮出表:8点。<br />
<br />
Two citizens in blue suits and gray suits at the train window showed their watches: 8 o'clock.<br />
<br />
但是蓝西服说:“我也搞不清几点了。”<br />
<br />
But the one in blue suit said, "I don't know what time it is either."<br />
<br />
灰西服也说:“我也搞不清几点了。”<br />
<br />
The one in grey suit also said, "I also don't know what time it is."<br />
<br />
表上明明显示着8点,为什么又说搞不清?莫非我走进了一个荒诞派小说的 规定情境?<br />
<br />
The watch clearly showed 8 o'clock, but why did they say they can't figure it out? Had I entered a scene set in an absurd novel?<br />
<br />
又有一个乘客满在行地说:“现在时间不是往前挪了一小时吗。”<br />
<br />
Another passenger seemed an expert, and he said, "Isn't the time moving forward for an hour now?"<br />
<br />
挪前挪后?到底是挪前还是挪后?<br />
<br />
Moving forward and backward? Was it moving forward or backward?<br />
<br />
“今天开始实行夏时制,”终于有了一个大致正常的人,“时针不是往前拨了一小时吗,所以现在的8点就是原来的9点。”<br />
<br />
"Daylight saving time has been implemented since today," finally we got a person who can figure out the current situation. "Isn't the hour hand set forward for an hour, so now 8 o'clock is the original 9 o'clock."<br />
<br />
“不对,现在的8点是原来的7点。”<br />
<br />
"No, the current 8 o'clock is the original 7 o'clock."<br />
<br />
对了!我的表没有拨过,所以才7点。我自己清醒过来后,这オ注意到乘客们愕然不解的眼神,迷乱惶恐的眼神,忧烦木讷的眼神,而在这些眼神的后面,是一种不愿意适应、又不能不适应夏时制而无所适从、无可奈何的被动心理。<br />
<br />
That's right! My watch hadn't been reset, so it was seven o'clock. After I figured it out, I noticed the passengers' startled, confused and worried eyes. And behind these eyes, there was a kind of passive psychology that they were unwilling to adapt to, but had to adapt to daylight saving time, so they were at a loss and helpless.<br />
<br />
夏时制真是一个“不受欢迎的人”。<br />
<br />
Daylight saving time is really an "unwelcome person".<br />
<br />
又有人喊了一嗓子:“每天得提前一小时起床,乱了套了！反正,活的活,死的死吧!”<br />
<br />
Another person shouted: "I have to get up one hour in advance every day, which is a mess! Anyway, we will live or die!"<br />
<br />
有那么严重吗?实行夏时制,又不会像长工资似的,谁多长一级,谁少长一 级——谁也不会因此而亏了一小时。绝对的平均主义！明明谁也没有吃亏。明明谁也不用为此付出多大代价。明明按照日、地运动的规律办事,就可以节约能源, 所以夏时制又叫经济时制。明明在1916年,德、法、英、意等等国家就已采用夏时制了,但是1986年中国的夏时制,还是招来了那么多的惶惶然和愤愤然。<br />
<br />
Was it that serious? The implementation of daylight saving time will not be like the increase of salary, and no one will lose or get the hourly wage—no one will lose an hour. Absolute egalitarianism! Clearly, no one suffered losses. Clearly no one had to pay much for it. Clearly, according to the law of the movement of the sun and the earth, we can save energy, so daylight saving time is also called money saving time. It was clear that in 1916, Germany, France, Britain, Italy and other countries had adopted daylight saving time, but in 1986, China's daylight saving time still attracted so much panic and indignation.<br />
<br />
“我独不解中国人何以于旧状况那么心平气和,于较新的机运就这么疾首蹙额;于已成之局那么委屈求全,于初兴之事就这么求全责备?”对我重复着这句话的,自然是鲁迅了。<br />
<br />
"I don't understand why the Chinese people are so calm in the old situation, but they frown at new opportunities; they compromise on something written in the stars but blame for new things?" It was Lu Xun who repeated this sentence to me.<br />
<br />
车厢里响起了很新潮的歌:<br />
<br />
A very trendy song played in the carriage:<br />
<br />
阿里,阿里巴巴,<br />
<br />
Ali, Ali Baba,<br />
<br />
阿里巴巴是个快乐的青年。<br />
<br />
Ali Baba is a happy young man.<br />
<br />
不管阿里是不是快乐的青年,反正听这种歌就是感受一种情绪。感受到这种情绪的,便都成了快乐的青年。<br />
<br />
Whether Ali was a happy young man or not, listening to this song was to feel an emotion. Those who can feel this emotion became happy young people.<br />
<br />
实行夏时制的中国,也正像一个快乐的青年,一个处在思想活跃期的青年。<br />
<br />
China, which had implemented daylight saving time, was just like a happy youth, a youth in an active period of thinking.<br />
<br />
车厢里的灯突然全黑了。怎么这么早就黑灯了?我跑到车厢过道的灯下看 表,可不,才9点嘛,应该10点熄灯的嘛。哦,对了,我到现在还没有拨过手表,我 以为反正知道夏时制就行了,连表都懒得拨一下。结果是一下熄了灯,连上床的思想准备都没有。我摘下手表,乖乖地往前拨快一小时。看来变革往往带有强制性,不可能都有了思想准备才变革的。<br />
<br />
All the lights in the carriage suddenly went dark. Why was it dark so early? I ran to the car aisle under the lights to look at my watch, ehh, it was only 9 o'clock. It should have turned off the lights at 10 o'clock. Oh, I haven't set my watch yet. I thought I only need to know daylight saving time, so I didn't even bother to set my watch. As a result, the lights went out at once, and there was no mental preparation for going to bed. I took off my watch and moved forward one hour obediently. It seemed that reform was often mandatory, and it was impossible to reform after we prepare for it.<br />
<br />
不过,等我结束了在西安的采访回到北京以后,并没有发现任何因为时间的拨动而引起的汽车误点、火车脱轨、飞机相撞或者神经错乱。人们按部就班,安定团结,再也没有人谈起夏时制。好像夏时制不是从1986年5月4日开始的,而是在公元前就开始了。<br />
<br />
However, when I returned to Beijing after my interview in Xi'an, I didn't find any car delays, train derailments, plane collisions or insanity caused by the ticking of time. People followed the prescribed order, calm and united, and no one talked about daylight saving time anymore. It seemed that daylight saving time was not from May 4, 1986, but began B.C.<br />
<br />
只要能下决心变革,中国人的适应能力也是非同一般的。<br />
<br />
As long as we can make up our minds to change, Chinese people's adaptability is extraordinary.<br />
<br />
我在变革的时间和时间的变革里,到达了西安站。<br />
<br />
I arrived at Xi'an Station in the time of change and the change of time.<br />
<br />
到底怎么写改革<br />
<br />
How to Write Reform in the End<br />
<br />
一个逃犯。<br />
<br />
A fugitive.<br />
<br />
我走出西安站,看到一个高人一等的黑大汉,高举着一块“接陈”的牌子。这是我们的“联络暗号”。因为我不认识他,但又希望一到西安就能见到他。应该说一切都很顺利。凯撒大帝有句名言:我来了,我看见了,我战胜了。现在我来了,我看见了,但是我失望了。<br />
<br />
When I walked out of Xi'an Station, I saw a very tall man with dark skin holding up a sign of "picking up Chen". This was our "contact code". Because I didn't know him, but I hoped to see him as soon as I arrived in Xi'an. It should be said that everything was going well. Julius Caesar has a famous saying: I came; I saw; I conquered. Now I came; I saw, but I was disappointed.<br />
<br />
我觉得我看见了一个逃犯。<br />
<br />
I thought I saw a fugitive.<br />
<br />
我的第一感觉是害怕。那张长脸好像从来也没洗干净过。他50岁。可我觉得他大概从来也没有年轻过,他大概一生下来就这么老了。那莫测高深的三角眼,那阴沉的高鼻。鼻翼两旁像刀刻石凿似的有两道深沟直通向嘴的两旁。而嘴,直接地就像平放着的两把刀。<br />
<br />
My first feeling was fear. It seemed that that long face had never been washed clean. He was 50 years old. But I thought he was probably never young. He was probably born so old. That unfathomable triangular eyes, that gloomy high nose. There were two deep ditches on both sides of the nose like a knife carving stone chisel, which led straight to both sides of the mouth. And the mouth was like two knives lying flat.<br />
<br />
他的布鞋上打着皮革的补丁。我有几年没见到这样打着大补丁的鞋了。我也愈来愈少地见到他这样黄的眼白,或者压根儿就应该叫作眼黄。这补丁,这眼黄,立刻使我想起贫困、拮据、坚韧、过去。不过他穿着过去不穿的西装。但这西装质地之差,之软绵绵,之皱巴巴,都使人败胃。倒好像是仓促之间从哪儿借来套在身上乔装打扮的。干脆那种油污的旧工作服倒能给人带来一种粗犷的美。<br />
<br />
His cloth shoes were patched with leather. I haven't seen shoes with big patches like this in years. I also saw less and less this yellow sclera, or it should be called yellow of the eye. This patch and this yellow eye immediately reminded me of poverty, tenacity and the past. But he was wearing a suit that he didn't use to wear. However, the poor texture, softness and wrinkles of this suit made people sick. It seemed that he borrowed it from somewhere in a hurry and put it on in disguise. Simply that kind of oily old overalls can make people think him rugged.<br />
<br />
他的头发所剩无几地徒劳地盖在秃秃的头顶上。后来听他说这是染黑的,要不都白了。我想又何必染呢?这么几根头发也值得染吗?<br />
<br />
His hair was left a little to cover his bald head, but it was in vain. Later, I heard him say it was dyed black, or it was all white. I thought why dyed it? Were these hairs worth dyeing?<br />
<br />
但他说这事儿的时候是自信的,很值得的样子,就如他自信他干的一切都是值得的。<br />
<br />
But when he said it, he was confident and showed that it was worthy, just as he was confident that everything he did was worth it.<br />
<br />
我3月份收到这个陌生人的第一封信的时候,就决定写完手头一篇报告文学后就去找他。我相信不会虚此西行。他给我的信,一开头就使我预感到我将要经受一种新的思想的撞击:“不管在文学作品中和宣传报道中树立多少光辉的改革者形象,都不会使无所作为和反对改革的领导变为果敢锐敏的改革者。改革者的形象只会鼓舞那些希望并赞成改革的人。然而具有彻底改革思想的人并不一定就会是改革家,原因在于他们无权左右局势。因此不在于号召占据领导地位的人成为改革者,而在于使改革者走上领导岗位。……”<br />
<br />
When I received this stranger's first letter in March, I decided to go to him after writing the non-fiction novel at hand. I believed the westward journey wouldn’t be made in vain. At the beginning of his letter to me, I had a premonition that I would be hit by a new idea: "No matter how many images of brilliant reformers are set up in literary works and propaganda reports, leaders who do nothing and oppose reform will not become bold reformers with a sharp mind. The image of reformers will only inspire those who hope for and agree with reform. However, people with radical reform ideas are not necessarily reformers, because they have no right to control the situation. Therefore, it is not to call on those who occupy leading positions to become reformers, but to make reformers take leadership positions…"<br />
<br />
但我对这个人毕竟一无所知。他真值得我采访吗?他和常规的好人形象相距太远。我身上揣着《人民文学》的差旅费。我要是虚了此行,《人民文学》固然不会追究经济责任,可是我也得讲究时间效益呵。<br />
<br />
But after all, I didn't know anything about this person. Was he worth my interview? He was too far from the conventional image of a good man. I carried the travel expenses of the People's Literature with me. If this trip was in vain, the People's Literature will not pursue economic responsibility, but I had to pay attention to time efficiency.<br />
<br />
他接过我的旅行包:“这个包,我不用叮嘱你不要毁坏,不要丢失,你自然会爱护的,因为你拥有这个包的所有权、使用权和支配权,你是这个包的主人。根本用不着对你进行主人翁思想的教育。我们三十多年来一直对国营企业职工进行主人翁思想教育这件事,恰恰证明了国营企业的职工还不是企业的主人。”<br />
<br />
He took my travel bag and said, "I don't have to tell you not to destroy or lose this bag. You will naturally take care of it, because you have the ownership, use and control of this bag, and you are the owner of this bag. There is no need to educate you on the idea of being a master at all. We have been educating the state-owned enterprises about the sense of ownership for more than 30 years, which just proves that employees in state-owned enterprises are not the masters of the enterprises."<br />
<br />
我立时精神起来了,我想起他那封长信的内容——改革的关键,关键的改革, 是所有制问题。<br />
<br />
I immediately refreshed, and remembered the content of his long letter—the key to reform and the key reform are the ownership problem.<br />
<br />
他这个人,执拗地叫你想起过去,过去。他又顽强地站立在现在,现在。<br />
<br />
He is a man who stubbornly reminds you of the past. But he stands stubbornly in the present.<br />
<br />
精神取代物质和意识决定存在<br />
<br />
Spirit Replaces Materials and Consciousness Determines Existence<br />
<br />
天安门前站着一个高大黝黑的光头青年。上穿蓝粗布衣,下穿用家染的黑粗 布做的抽带肥腿裤。那裤带偏是白的,又偏偏捣乱似的从腰部溜了下来,大模大样地突出在黑裤子中间。但这个光头青年的神情是那么自信、自豪。本来嘛,那年—-1954年的《群众日报》登了陕西省考上高校的全部考生的名单。第一名,韩城县中学的党治国,考上了清华大学。党治国到清华报到后的第一件事,就是到天安门前照这张像。<br />
<br />
In front of Tiananmen Square stood a tall, bald young man with dark skin. He wore blue coarse cloth on the top and wide leg pants with strings made of black coarse cloth dyed at home on the bottom. The strings were white, but they just slipped down from the waist causing trouble, and protruded in the middle of the black trousers obviously. But the bald young man looked so confident and proud. It turned out that Qunzhong Daily published the list of all the candidates admitted to colleges and universities in Shaanxi Province in 1954. The first place, Dang Zhiguo in Hancheng Middle School, was admitted to Tsinghua University. The first thing Dang did after registering was to take this picture in front of Tiananmen Square.<br />
<br />
只是那两条白裤带,使照片上的党治国在威风中透着滑稽。这也没什么。清华大学一年级新生党治国就不信还会有什么事情难得住他。白裤带吗,用墨水一抹不就黑了?行了。很好。不能更好了。至于留头发是不是比光头更好看,制服裤是不是比家织抽带裤更好看,他没想过。他从来不注意服饰。32年后,他知道我要专程到西安去找他时,他才为没有一件过得去的外衣而有些不安。于是就匆匆添置了那身使我一看就败胃的西装。<br />
<br />
Only those two white strings made him look funny in front of imposing Tiananmen Square. It was nothing. Dang Zhiguo, the Tsinghua University freshman didn't believe that there would be anything hard to live with. As for white strings, he just blacked them with ink. That was enough. That was good. It couldn't be better. As for whether head with hair was better than bald head, and whether uniform pants were better than home-woven pants with strings, he never thought about it. He never paid attention to clothes. Thirty-two years later, when he knew that I was going to Xi'an to find him, he was a little upset that he didn't have a decent coat. So he hurriedly bought the suit that made me sick.<br />
<br />
一个从青少年时代就以为精神万能的人,最后连购置一套像点样的西装的物质基础都没有。<br />
<br />
A person who thought that the spirit was omnipotent from his youth didn't even have the material basis to buy a decent suit.<br />
<br />
党治国16岁的时候,有一天和同学们在韩城中学连夜排节目。三九天的夜 晚,不生火就过不去。但教室外是半尺厚的雪,想搞点煤吧,又觉得冷得出不去——来回得走2里雪地呢!怎么去扛煤呵!多厚的棉鞋陷进雪地里也是冻脚。同学们倒抽着冷气往后缩了。<br />
<br />
When Dang Zhiguo was 16 years old, he and his classmates arranged programs overnight in Hancheng Middle School one day. On the coldest nights, you can't get through without a fire. But there was half a chi of snow outside the classroom. Even if you wanted to get some coal, you would feel cold and had to walk, because you had to walk 2 li back and forth! How to carry coal! No matter how thick the cotton shoes were, your feet would be frozen when you got stuck in the snow. The students gasped and drew back.<br />
<br />
党治国叭叭地扔下他的棉鞋,又扒掉他的两只袜子。<br />
<br />
Dangzhuo threw down his cotton shoes and stripped off his two socks.<br />
<br />
“哎,你脱鞋袜干什么?”<br />
<br />
"Hey, why do you take off your shoes and socks?"<br />
<br />
“为了证明在雪地里走路不冷。”<br />
<br />
"To prove that walking in the snow is not cold."<br />
<br />
“你快穿上吧！我们跟你去扛煤就行了。”<br />
<br />
"You should put them on quickly! Let's go with you to carry coal."<br />
<br />
“我说出话就要算数。”<br />
<br />
"I am a man of my word."<br />
<br />
党治国光着两脚走向无情的雪地。不过他连雪地的无情也感觉不出,因为他的双脚很快就冻木了。当然,这毕竟只是2里地,所以他的双脚还能存活。如果是20里地,200里地,16岁的他怕也是会光脚走去的。那么,他的一双脚当然要为他的无视客观物质存在而付出代价了。<br />
<br />
He walked to the ruthless snow barefoot. But he couldn't even feel the ruthlessness of the snow, because his feet soon froze. Of course, this was only 2 li after all, so his feet can still survive. If it were 20 li or 200 li, the 16-year-old boy might still walk barefoot. Then, of course, his feet would pay the price for his disregard of objective material existence.<br />
<br />
20世纪50年代初的中国,商品经济不发达,物质不充足,但人们的精神状态是安适的。中国人,自我需求总有所节制。不过用精神补充物质的不足,把思想作为物质的代替品,只能在一定的时期,一定的限度内。长此以往,乐此不疲,便可能从以精神取代物质发展到以为思想意识可以决定物质存在。一些“彻底的唯物主义者”抛却了唯物主义的基本观点:存在决定意识。30年后,党治国在他的一篇文章中写道:"……用社会意识来解释各种社会现象。好的社会现象是好的社会意识的产物,坏的社会现象是坏的社会意识的产物,于是全部问题被归结为对一种思想的宣传和对另一种思想的批判。”<br />
<br />
In China in the early 1950s, the commodity economy was underdeveloped and the material was insufficient, but people's mental state was comfortable. Chinese people always control their self-needs. However, it can only be within a certain period and a certain limit to supplement the material deficiency with spirit and take thought as a substitute for material. In the long run, if you enjoy it, you may develop from replacing material with spirit to thinking that ideology can determine material existence. Some "thorough materialists" have abandoned the basic viewpoint of materialism: existence determines consciousness. Thirty years later, Dang Zhiguo wrote in his article: "…explaining various social phenomena with social consciousness. Good social phenomena are the product of good social consciousness, while bad social phenomena are the product of bad social consciousness, so all the problems are attributed to the promotion of one kind of thought and the criticism of another."<br />
<br />
1957年,这种批判像火灾似的在清华大学里蔓延开来,烧向钱伟长,烧向黄万里……党治国走上台辩论:他们不是“右派”!党治国走进校党委办公室：他们不是“右派”！<br />
<br />
In 1957, this kind of criticism spread like a fire in Tsinghua University, burning to Qian Weichang and Huang Wanli... Dang came to the stage to debate: they are not rightists! He entered the office of the school party Committee: they are not rightists!<br />
<br />
“正是为了真正拥护党的方针政策,”他在会上说,“可以允许人们先怀疑一下。怀疑以后再把自己驳倒,这才是真正的信任,真正的拥护。”<br />
<br />
"It is precisely in order to truly uphold the Party's principles and policies," he said at the meeting, "that people can be allowed to doubt first. Doubt and then refute yourself later, which is true trust and true support."<br />
<br />
党治国讲话没有一点顾虑。他这个来自黄河边的人,像黄河一样古朴。他对党的感情、对党的忠诚,连一点杂质也没有,自然用不着担心自己说“错”话而成为“右派”。<br />
<br />
Dang had no worries. He was a man from the Yellow River, as simple as the Yellow River. His feelings and loyalty to the party didn't even have any impurities, so he naturally didn't have to worry about saying something wrong to be a rightist.<br />
<br />
但是,根据意识决定存在的“原理”,有“右派言论”的人,就是“右派”分子。<br />
<br />
However, according to the principle that consciousness determines existence, those who have rightist remarks are rightists.<br />
<br />
无限制地强调意识的作用,结果必定是走向反面——取消思想自由。党治国步他的老师们的后尘,也成了“右派”,而且是“极右”。他的一个同窗好友是个结巴,原先一见他老远就叫“党、党、党、党——治国!”憋上半天才憋出“治国”两个字,实在累人。结巴老弟就把他的名字简化成一个字:“党!”现在自然不敢再叫他“党”了。当着人连话也不敢说。只在没人注意时不用称呼地对他说上一句:“浪子回头金不换。”两个月后,没想到结巴老弟也成了“浪子右派”。浪子二号见了浪子一号,只能摇着头说一句:“往事不堪回首。”<br />
<br />
Unlimited emphasis on the role of consciousness must lead to the opposite—abolition of freedom of thought. Dang Zhiguo followed in the footsteps of his teachers and became a "rightist" and an "ultra-rightist". One of his classmates was a stutter. When he saw him far away, he would shout "Dang, Dang, Dang, Dang—Zhiguo!" It was tiring to suppress the word "Zhiguo" for half a day. The stammer reduced his name to one word: "Dang!" Now naturally, he dared not call him "Dang" any more (In Chinese, Dang党 means the Party). He dared not speak in front of Dang Zhiguo. Only when no one noticed, he said to Dang Zhiguo without saying his name: "A prodigal who returns is more precious than gold." Two months later, no one expected that this stammer should become a "prodigal rightist". When the prodigal no.2 saw the prodigal no.1, he could only shake his head and say, "My past is unbearable to recall."<br />
<br />
党治国成了“极右”后,三天没吃饭。他怎么会是“右派”呢?不过,党是不会错的。绝对。那么只有从自己身上找原因了。实在无法想通,只好先接受这个结论——是自己错了,再慢慢去想。<br />
<br />
After Dang became the "ultra-rightist", he didn't eat for three days. How can he be a "rightist"? However, the party can't be wrong. Absolutely. Then he had to find the reason from himself. He really can't figure it out, so he had to accept this conclusion first that he was wrong and then think about it slowly.<br />
<br />
1957年的“右派”里边,有多少人恰恰是先进生产力的代表。1956年党中央提出了“百花齐放、百家争鸣”的方针,到1957年先进生产力就急切爆发出来了。但是,对不起,请君入瓮吧。你们不应该有思想的自由,因为用不着你们思想。<br />
<br />
Many of the "rightists" in 1957 were representatives of advanced productive forces? In 1956, the CPC Central Committee put forward the policy of "letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend", so in 1957, advanced productive forces popped up eagerly. But, I'm sorry, treating someone in your own ways. You should not have the freedom to think, because you don't need your thoughts.<br />
<br />
有计划的盲目生产<br />
<br />
Planned Blind Production<br />
<br />
西安郊区有个新丰砖瓦厂。该厂取土制砖时发现了舍利精室。舍利,是指佛的骨灰。迎舍利,供舍利,是佛家,也是朝廷的大事。释迦牟尼火葬后,八国争夺舍利,百姓求分舍利,分不到的,用金、银、水晶、玛瑙等制作舍利。砖瓦厂发现的舍利精室,就是用水晶做的舍利代用品,水晶舍利装在玻璃瓶里,玻璃瓶装在饰有鎏金狮子、珍珠团花的金棺里。金棺置于饰满翡翠、玛瑙、珍珠、猫儿眼等等的银椁里。释迦如来涅槃后,他的骨灰的代用品都能住进造价这么高的圣地,足见百姓对佛的虔诚。<br />
<br />
There is a Xinfeng brick and tile factory in the suburb of Xi'an. The Buddhist relics room was discovered when the factory took soil to make bricks. Buddhist relics refer to the ashes of Buddha. It is a great event for Buddhism and the imperial court to welcome and offer Buddhist relics. After the Buddha's cremation, eight countries competed for the relics, and the people asked for sharing the relics. If they couldn't get them, they made Buddhist relics with gold, silver, crystal and agate. The Buddhist relics room discovered by the brick and tile factory is a relic substitute made of crystal. The crystal relic was packed in a glass bottle, which was put in a gold coffin decorated with gold lions and pearl flowers. The gold coffin was placed in a silver coffin decorated with jadeite, agate, pearl, chrysoberyl and so on. After the Buddha's nirvana, the substitutes of his ashes can live in the holy land with such high cost, which shows the people's piety towards Buddha.<br />
<br />
把自己的命运系在对佛的信仰上,这大约也是中国人的一种祖传吧。“右派分子”党治国看到报上关于亩产水稻6万斤,亩产红薯120万斤的报道后,不禁对党心悦诚服——国家现在能取得这么大的成绩,自然和清除“右派”有关系。自己成了“右派”,也值得了。<br />
<br />
It is probably the ancestral tradition of Chinese people to tie their own destiny to their belief in Buddha. After reading the newspaper saying 60,000 jin of rice per mu and 1.2 million jin of sweet potatoes per mu, the "rightists" can't help but be convinced that the reason why the country can achieve such great achievements now was because of the elimination of the "rightists". It was worthwhile to become a "rightist".<br />
<br />
就是买东西很不方便。以前可以招呼售货员:同志,请你给我称点什么。现在怎么可以叫人家同志呢?你已经不是人家的同志了。可是,上去就没头没脑地说, 你给我称点什么,又觉得不礼貌。<br />
<br />
It was just that shopping was very inconvenient. He used to greet the salesman: Comrade, please weigh something for me. How can he call someone a comrade now? He was no longer a comrade. However, when he said, "You, weigh something for me" without previous thinking, it was impolite.<br />
<br />
其实售货员谁知道你是“右派”？你自己干吗老给自己念紧箍咒？问题是党治国的确相信了自己是“右派”。因为他至诚地相信党,相信党的每一项运动,不再相信自己。<br />
<br />
In fact, how can a salesman know that you are a "rightist"? Why do you always read yourself the Band-tightening Spell? The problem was that Dang Zhiguo really believed that he was a "rightist". Because he sincerely believed in the party, believes in every movement of the party, and no longer believed in himself.<br />
<br />
既然相信自己是“右派”,就应该保持当“右派”的自觉性,丝毫马虎不得。<br />
<br />
Since he believed that he was a "rightist", he thought that we should keep our consciousness of being "rightists", and we should not be careless at all.<br />
<br />
清华大学的“右派”师生们被送到北京木城涧煤矿改造。打风钻。放炮。挖煤。背煤。1960年底,被开除了学籍的党治国回到家乡韩城县。这就是他的家乡吗?棉花掉了一地没人拣;红薯地里,农民们只拣面上的,不管地下的;干活不记工分;吃饭不要钱。每家的小锅都砸了大炼钢铁了。1959年的誓师会上已经喊出了小麦亩产100万斤。1960年的韩城人每天的粮食却不够半斤。西安火车站挤满了从各地逃荒来的人。<br />
<br />
The "rightist" teachers and students in Tsinghua University were sent to Muchengjian Coal Mine in Beijing for reeducation, using the pneumatic drill and gunpowder, digging for coal and pulling coal. At the end of 1960, Dang, who was expelled from school, returned to his hometown, Hancheng County. Was this his hometown? Cotton fell all over the ground and no one picked it; In the sweet potato field, farmers only picked the one on the surface, regardless of those underground; Work points were useless; There was no need to pay money for dinner. Every small pot has been smashed to manufacture steel. At the pep rally in 1959, it was shouted that the yield per mu of wheat was 1 million jin. In 1960, however, Hancheng people didn't have half a jin of food every day. Xi'an railway station was crowded with people fleeing from all over the country.<br />
<br />
这就是亩产多少万斤的结果?<br />
<br />
This was the result of thousands of jin per mu?<br />
<br />
人有多大胆,地有多大产。思想有多好,产量有多高。这些荒谬的事,为什么 没有人出来提意见? “反右”的损失首先不是把几十万人打成“右派”,而是否定了一个民主原则——让人讲话的原则。<br />
<br />
The bolder people are, the more productive the fields will be. The better the ideological awareness is, the higher the production will be. Why didn't anyone come out to give advice on these absurd things? First of all, the loss of "anti-rightist" is not to label hundreds of thousands of people as "rightists", but to deny a democratic principle—the principle of making people speak.<br />
<br />
唐代长安诗人写过一首有名的《宫词》:<br />
<br />
A poet living in Chang'an in Tang Dynasty wrote a famous Gong Ci (a kind of poetry depicting daily trivia of emperors in the imperial court):<br />
<br />
“寂寂花时闭院门,美人相并立琼轩。含情欲说宫中事,鹦鹉前头不敢言。”<br />
<br />
"Many doors of the palace are closed, and people feel lonely even when flowers bloom. Before the gorgeous window, beauties stand side by side. They want to tell the story of the palace with tender affection, but don’t dare to speak easily as a parrot is in front."<br />
<br />
面对“鹦鹉前头不敢言”的局面,党治国认真地开始了他的怀疑。一天吃不到多少东西,所以也干不了多少活。他开始大量读书,尤其是读马列著作。三十多年后他在一篇文章里写道:“当不承认重力规律的人从高山上往下跳的时候,重力规律不因为得不到这个人的承认而退避三舍。同样,当个人意志、国家意志以至全社会意志不承认某一经济规律的时候,这一经济规律不仅仍然要发生作用,而且发生作用的方式是相当无情和揶揄的。”“有计划的盲目生产比之生产的无政府状态对生产的破坏更大。”<br />
<br />
Faced with the situation that "don’t dare to speak easily as a parrot is in front", Dang Zhiguo seriously doubted something. As he can't eat much in one day, he can't do much work. He began to read a lot of books, especially Marxist-Leninist works. More than 30 years later, he wrote in an article: "When a person who does not recognize the law of gravity jumps down from a high mountain, the law of gravity will not be invalid even if it is not recognized by this person. Similarly, when the will of the individual, the state and even the whole society do not recognize a certain economic law, this economic law not only still has to work, but also the way it works is quite ruthless and embarrassing." "The planned blind production is more destructive to production than it in a state of anarchy."<br />
<br />
计划经济要是违反了经济规律,就不是个别的、偶然的违反,而是整体的“有计划”地违反,后果自然严重。<br />
<br />
If the planned economy violates economic laws, it is not an violation individually or accidentally, but an overall "planned" violation, so the consequences are naturally serious.<br />
<br />
党治国在发生一种变化:由当“右派”的自觉性向做人的自觉性变化。他那长自黄河边的古朴而青春的体内,自信心正在恢复。他写了一副对联:<br />
<br />
A change was taking place in Dang Zhiguo: from the consciousness of being a "rightist" to the consciousness of being a man. His self-confidence was recovering in the simple and youthful body that grew from the Yellow River. He wrote a couplet:<br />
<br />
常保数百卷书千载不做小人 时缺几十斤粮一身仍是大汉<br />
<br />
If you can keep hundreds of books regularly, you will not be reduced to a lowly profession for thousands of years; Even though you lack dozens of jin of food sometimes, you is still a man<br />
<br />
“文化革命”的经济根源<br />
<br />
The Economic Root of the Cultural Revolution<br />
<br />
胸挺腰直,血液畅通,大脑能得到丰富的血液供应,人的思维能力便能达到最佳点。党治国为了获得思维的最佳点,每天劳动回来,必定端坐在床前读《资本论》。或者说,是因为需要啃下《资本论》,他才找到这个最佳点。<br />
<br />
When the chest is straight, the blood is unblocked, the brain can get rich blood supply, so people's thinking ability can reach the best point. In order to get the best point of thinking, Dang must sit upright in front of the bed and read Capital: A Critique of Political Economy after he came back from work every day. In other words, because he needed to understand this book, he found this best point.<br />
<br />
这是1970年2月,“右派”党治国在理所当然地历经批斗、游街等等“文革”系列把戏之后,被判了20年徒刑。<br />
<br />
In February 1970, the "rightist" Dang Zhiguo was sentenced to 20 years in prison after the series of tricks of the Cultural Revolution, such as struggle session and street parading.<br />
<br />
“我说老党,”同室关押的犯人问他,“你判刑最长,怎么不见你发愁呢?”<br />
<br />
"Hey, old Dang," asked the inmate in his room, "you have been sentenced the longest. Why don't you worry?"<br />
<br />
“愁什么?”<br />
<br />
"Worry about what?"<br />
<br />
“等你20年刑满释放出来,你都50多岁了!”<br />
<br />
"When you are released from prison for 20 years, you are in your 50s!"<br />
<br />
“不会的。”<br />
<br />
"It won't happen."<br />
<br />
“怎么不会?你现在35岁,再过20年,不是55岁?”<br />
<br />
"Why not? You're 35 now, 20 years from now, not 55?"<br />
<br />
“不会关这么长。20年是他们的意志。但社会的发展不是以他们的意志为转移的。我相信规律。我相信我最多坐10年牢。”<br />
<br />
"I won't be locked up for so long. Twenty years is their will. But the development of society is not transferred by their will. I believe in laws. I believe I need to be in prison for 10 years at most."<br />
<br />
“嘿!那你整天看《资本论》,演算数学题干什么？瞧瞧,什么价值、增长额、工资、劳动目的!”<br />
<br />
"Hey! Then why do you read the Capital: A Critique of Political Economy and calculate math problems all day? Look, value, growth, salary and labor purpose!"<br />
<br />
“我要研究资本家有多少钱,”党治国狡黠地一笑,“将来我好管理这些钱。”<br />
<br />
"I want to study how much money capitalists have," Dang said with a sly smile. "I can manage this money in the future."<br />
<br />
自然这是一句戏言。不过他在潜意识里认定自己只要不死,就要研究经济问题,研究尚被忽略、但非解决不可的经济问题。因为问题已经愈来愈清晰地显示出来了:一切社会变革的后面,都有经济规律的作用。他党治国落到20年在押犯的地步,中国落到全国上下“脱产闹革命”的地步,绝不仅仅是错误思想的产物,而是有深刻的经济根源的。<br />
<br />
Naturally, this is a joke. However, he subconsciously thought that as long as he did not die, he would study economic problems, which were still neglected but must be solved. Because the problem has become more and more clear: behind all social changes, there are economic laws. It was not only the product of wrong ideas, but also had profound economic roots that he became a prisoner for 20 years and people all over the country left their company to work for a revolution.<br />
<br />
（当然,那时的党治国还不知道中国有个“四人帮”——本人侧重谈经济。）<br />
<br />
(Of course, at that time, Dang did not know that there was a Gang of Four in China. I focused on the economy.)<br />
<br />
经过三年困难时期,我们汲取了一些教训,采取了一些措施。经济得到发展后,必然要求上层建筑有相应的变革。发展了的生产カ必然要求生产关系有相应的变革。这就激化了变革的力量和反变革的力量的斗争。于是批“三自一包”,批“修正主义”。于是高呼“无产阶级专政万岁”。<br />
<br />
After three difficult years, we have learned some lessons and taken some measures. After the development of economy, it is inevitable to require corresponding changes in superstructure. Developed production inevitably requires corresponding changes in production relations. This intensifies the struggle between the forces of change and the forces against change. Therefore, we criticized the agricultural economic policy including managing our own land, free market and taking responsibility for our own profits and losses and household responsibility system. We also criticized revisionism. So we shouted "Long live the dictatorship of the proletariat".<br />
<br />
热昏的头脑是无从知道自己的疯狂行为后边的真实原因的。党治国知道。不是因为他的头脑比人家清醒,而是因为他的经历和感受为他提供了他需要弄清的思想。1957年他在“清华”眼睁睁地看到那些代表先进生产力的专家、教授被专了政。他自己本是满怀着到祖国最艰苦的地方去的理想而报考了清华水利系。他受了《远离莫斯科的地方》这本小说的影响。他要远离大城市。艰苦的环境本身就是一种吸引力。与困难做斗争本身就是ー种吸引力。去做别人做不到的事就是一种吸引力。为伟大理想献身就是一种吸引力。一个全省第一的学生满怀献身的热情出现在清华水利系,这在50年代自然也是先进生产力的ー个分子,因此也难逃被专政的命运。<br />
<br />
It is impossible for those who can’t keep their wits about them to know the real reason behind their crazy behavior. Dang Zhiguo knew it. Not because his mind was clearer than others, but because his experiences and feelings provided him with ideas he needed to make clear. In 1957, he saw that those experts and professors who represented advanced production were deprived of the right to speak in Tsinghua University. He himself applied for the Water Conservancy Department of Tsinghua University with the ideal of going to the hardest place in the motherland. He was influenced by the novel Far from Moscow. He wanted to stay away from big cities. The challenging environment itself was an attraction. Struggling with difficulties itself was an attraction. Doing what others can't do was a kind of attraction. Dedication to great ideals was a kind of attraction. A student who was the first in the whole province was enrolled in the Department of Water Conservancy of Tsinghua University with dedication, which naturally made him a member of advanced production in 1950s, so he could not escape the fate of being deprived of the right to speak.<br />
<br />
后来党治国长年在陕西铜川当井下掘进工。下煤井的活,以前被称为“三块石头夹一块肉”——危险。当时在井下炸煤层,都是正向爆破。就是在煤层打好洞, 放进五六个炸药包后,先引爆最里边的那个炸药包,然后一个个往外引爆。爆炸时高压气体膨胀,往外冲出,分散了爆炸的力度。为什么不能倒过来,先引爆最外边的那个炸药包、搞反向爆破呢?那样不就可以爆力集中了吗?党治国违反了操作规程,搞起了反向爆破。开始是悄悄地。在80年代,人们会认为反向爆破的道理是再简单明了不过的。但是在60年代,谁第一个提出把正向爆破改成反向爆破, 是很难得到认可的。<br />
<br />
Later, Dang worked as an underground tunnel worker in Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province for many years. The work of going down a coal mine used to be called "three stones with one piece of meat, which meant the job was dangerous. At that time, coal seams were blown underground, all of which were the blasting process of forward initiation. That was, after drilling holes in the coal seam and putting five or six explosive packs, first detonate the innermost explosive pack, and then detonate them one by one. When they explode, the high-pressure gas expanded and rushed out, decreasing the power level of an explosion. Why can't we turn it upside down, detonate the outermost explosive pack first, and have the blasting process of reverse initiation? If we did like this, we could have concentrated bombing. Dang violated the operating rules and started reverse blasting. He started it quietly. In the 1980s, people would think that the principle of reverse blasting was simple and clear. However, in the 1960s, it was difficult for the person who first proposed to change forward blasting into reverse blasting to get recognition.<br />
<br />
在无人知晓的情况下试验成功了,也就得到认可了。<br />
<br />
The experiment was successful when no one knew it, and then it was recognized.<br />
<br />
1965年,随着国家经济形势的好转,党治国成了当地煤炭先进技术传播团的一个分子。党治国运用这个爆力集中的原理,集中他的精力,一个时期搞一项技术革新。但是,生产力要求发展的结果,是又一次遭到“革命”。“突出政治”，“再论 突出政治”。人人政治化,社会泛政治化。生产力就一而再,再而三地受到压制。<br />
<br />
In 1965, with the improvement of the national economic situation, Dang became a member of the local advanced coal technology communication group. He used this principle of concentration of explosive power, concentrated his attention, and engaged in technological innovations in a period of time. However, the development required by production forces was once again "revolutionized". "Paying Attention to Mao Zedong Thought" and "Re-discussing the Importance of Mao Zedong Thought". Everyone talked about politicization and the society was about parapolitics. Productive forces were limited again and again.<br />
<br />
于是党治国组织了一个共产主义小组,辅导大家学习《共产党宣言》《马克思主义的三个来源和三个组成部分》等等。30年后他自嘲地对我说,那时候他其实是个空想共产主义者。不过那时候他可是实实在在地进行他的“共产主义”事业的。他连篇累牍地写文章,不仅批“右”,而且批“左”。他只能打着批“右”的旗号来批“左”。这种逆向思维比反向爆破还危险。所以对有家室的好友,他一个都不让他们参加这个共产主义小组。他只要单身男子。果然不久他就被抓起来了。妻子被逼离婚。于是他也成了单身男子。不过他得侍奉一双父母和抚养一个孩子。<br />
<br />
Therefore, Dang organized a communist group to help everyone study the ''Communist Manifesto'', ''The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism'' and so on. Thirty years later, he told me wryly that he was actually a utopian communist at that time. But he actually carried out his "communist" cause. He wrote articles endlessly, criticizing not only "right wing" but also "left wing". He can only criticize "left wing" under the banner of criticizing "right wing". This reverse thinking was more dangerous than reverse blasting. Therefore, he refused to let all his friends with families join this communist group. He only wanted single men. Sure enough, he was soon arrested. His wife was forced to divorce. So he became a single man. However, he had to serve his parents and raised his child.<br />
<br />
判了20年徒刑的单身男子挺胸直腰地坐在监狱的床前,运用爆力集中的原理攻读《资本论》。《资本论》的扉页上,赫然写着:马列主义者党治国。<br />
<br />
Sentenced to 20 years in prison, this single man sat in front of the prison bed upright, using the principle of explosive concentration to study Das Kapital. On the title page of it, it was impressively written: Marxist-Leninist Dang Zhiguo.<br />
<br />
“你还看马列,人家就是用马列把你关进来的!”<br />
<br />
"You still read Marxism-Leninism? People use it to lock you in!"<br />
<br />
“不。那是违背了马列才把我关进来的。”<br />
<br />
"No. They were against Marxism-Leninism, so I was locked in."<br />
<br />
后来党治国在他的文章里写道:“无产阶级革命的目的绝不是要用自己的面貌改造世界,使全社会成员都变成无产者,而是要改变自己的面貌,使自己和社会全体成员都变成有财产的人,最后使一切生产资料为社会全体成员所共有。”<br />
<br />
Later, Dang wrote in his article: "The purpose of the proletarian revolution is by no means to transform the world and make all members of society proletarian, but to change its own face and make itself and all members of society become people with property, and finally make all means of production shared by all members of society."<br />
<br />
“左”倾路线被认为才是对整体利益的维护。而当大多数人的利益都受到不同程度的损害时,所谓“整体利益,就变成了一小撮人的特权。社会主义并不是部分人的专利,而是全人类解放的科学。一个国家的社会主义性质只能用每个社会成员的解放程度、自由发展的程度和富裕增长的程度来衡量,而不能用这个社会对自己的评价来判断”。 " ‘左’倾路线的二十余年,就是不断发起政治运动抑制矛盾、打击改革要求的过程。”是的,极“左”路线下固有的、一成不变的所有制,不可能随时调节生产力和生产关系的矛盾。大跃进。大锅饭。割资本主义尾巴。宁要 社会主义的草。商品经济是资本主义经济的代名词,计划经济是社会主义经济的代名词。践踏经济规律的结果,是经济规律迫使我们付出巨大的代价,然后还得按经济规律办事。<br />
<br />
The "left" line was regarded as the maintenance of the overall interests. When the interests of most people were violated to varying degrees, the so-called "overall interests become the privilege of a small group of people. Socialism is not the privilege of some people, but the science of liberation for all mankind. The socialist nature of a country can only be measured by the degree of liberation, free development and wealth growth of each member of society, but can not be judged by the society's evaluation of itself." "The ‘left’ line for more than 20 years is the process of constantly launching political movements to curb contradictions and influence reform requirements." Yes, the inherent and unchangeable ownership under the "ultra-left" line can't adjust the contradiction between productivity and production relations at any time. The Great Leap Forward. Eating food prepared in a large canteen. Ending speculation. The grass of socialism is better than the seedlings of capitalism. Commodity economy is synonymous with capitalist economy, and planned economy is synonymous with socialist economy. The result of violating the laws of economics is that the laws of economics force us to pay a huge price, and then we have to act according to the laws of economics.<br />
<br />
我登上西安城南大雁塔64米高的顶层向下望去,便想起白居易的诗:“百千家似围棋局,十二街如种菜畦。”从大雁塔通往西安车站的十里长街如同一条直线,很像围棋盘上的棋格。西安的街道使人联想到规规矩矩的单向思维。大雁塔下的景致使人感到单调和缺憾。当年玄奘从印度带回657部梵文经典,就在此地译经十载。公元648年,唐太宗为玄奘所译诸经写总序。唐太宗实行均田制、租庸调法等经济改革,发展外贸和文化交流,乃至把文成公主嫁给吐蕃王松赞十布等,终于出现盛唐局面。盛唐的长安与上百个国家和地区交往。满载丝绸的商队从长安出发,路经中亚、南亚、西亚,直抵欧洲。丝绸之路沿线的古城楼兰,人称“沙漠中的庞贝城”,是商品集散地和中转贸易站。<br />
<br />
When I climbed the 64-meter-high Giant Wild Goose Pagoda in the south of Xi'an, stood on the top floor and looked down, I remembered Bai Juyi's poem: "The distribution of hundreds and thousands of houses in Chang'an is like the board of Go, and the twelve streets separate the city, which is like same vegetable plots." The ten-li long street from the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda to Xi'an Station is like a straight line, which is much like the chess grid on the Go board. The streets of Xi'an reminds me of vertical thinking. The scenery under the pagoda makes people feel monotonous and regrettable. Xuanzang brought back 657 Sanskrit classics from India and translated them here for ten years. In 648 AD, Emperor Taizong of Tang wrote a general preface to the classics translated by Xuanzang. Emperor Taizong carried out economic reforms such as equal-field system and Zu Yong Diao, developed foreign trade and cultural exchanges, and even married Princess Wencheng to the Tibetan king Songtsen Gampo, which finally led to the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Chang'an in the prosperous Tang Dynasty communicated with hundreds of countries and regions. The caravan loaded with silk set off from Chang'an, passed through Central Asia, South Asia, West Asia, and reached Europe. Loulan, an ancient city along the Silk Road, was called "Pompeii in the Desert" and was a commodity distribution center and transit trading station.<br />
<br />
唐朝经济的发达,和思想文化的发达是对称的。中国人从小就背《唐诗三百首》,历来都研究唐代文学,可惜太少研究唐代经济。儒家传统主张以德治国,有没有经济一样治国。但是就算10亿人都能背下《唐诗三百首》,也依然不能在这个世上立足的。<br />
<br />
The development of economy in Tang Dynasty coincided with the development of ideology and culture. Chinese people recite the Three Hundred Tang Poems from an early age, and have always studied Tang Dynasty literature, but it’s a pity that they seldom study Tang Dynasty economy. Confucian traditions advocate governing the country by virtue, and the country can be governed whether there is economy or not. But even if 1 billion people can recite these poems, this country still can't establish itself in this world.<br />
<br />
1300多年过去了,解放30多年了。人们向我介绍西安,不是讲兵马俑,就是讲李白醉卧长安,再不背诵谪仙人的诗:“长安一片月,万户捣衣声。”这使我想起老年人,老人的心态是喜欢回忆过去。<br />
<br />
More than 1300 years have passed and more than 30 years have passed since liberation. When People introduce Xi'an to me, they either talk about the terracotta army or Li Bai lying drunk in Chang'an, or recite the poem of Li Bai: "The bright moonlight shines on the city of Chang'an, and the sound of pounding clothes can be heard from thousands of homes." This reminds me of the old people, whose mentality is to like to recall the past.<br />
<br />
今天的西安即使不和发达国家做横向比较,即使只是自己和自己比,变化是不是也太小了一点?有人对我说:西安地下的比地上的好看。这天我走进城郊一家饭馆,满地的碎骨头剩菜!油垢的饭桌,污浊的塑料酒杯,发黑的香肠和发干的松花蛋。如果唐代的诗人墨客到此一游,恐怕会拂袖而去吧。李白大约会仰天长啸:吃饭难,难于上青天!不过20世纪80年代的顾客们,习惯地熟练地在这里痛饮饱食。而我觉得难以下咽。更何况跳蚤像小人一样在对我进行防不胜防的袭击。我应该入乡随俗?我应该改造自己的思想,改造自己的脾胃?不,我不想去适应这些今天不应有的落后的、不文明的一切。中国人不应该在80年代的今天还坐在碎骨头剩菜间吃黑香肠。我们必须改造这样的饭馆,使之适应更文明的需求,而不是让我们去适应它。<br />
<br />
Even if today's Xi'an is not compared with developed countries horizontally, but is only compared with itself, is the change too small? Someone said to me: Xi'an underground is better than it on the ground. On this day, I walked into a restaurant in the suburbs, and there were broken bones and leftovers all over the ground! Greasy dining tables, dirty plastic wine glasses, blackened sausages and dry century eggs. If the poets of Tang Dynasty visited here, I'm afraid they would leave. Li Bai will probably face upwards and shout: The way to eat delicious food is as hard as the blue sky to scale! However, customers in 1980s used to drink and eat here skillfully. But I find it hard to swallow. What's more, It’s impossible for me to guard against fleas attacking me like villains. I should do as the Romans do? I should have thought reform and adjust my stomach? No, I don't want to adapt to these backward and uncivilized things that shouldn't be there today. Chinese people shouldn't sit between broken bones and leftovers and eat blackened sausages today in the 1980s. We must transform such restaurants to meet the needs of a more civilized society, not let us adapt to it.<br />
<br />
党治国在他的经济论文中写道:“当社会不是从基本的经济事实出发,而是从原则和原理出发,动员思想的、政治的和法律的力量同客观经济规律进行斗争的时 候（‘十年动乱’就是这样典型的时期）,社会付出巨额的经济代价,得到的却是败坏的社会风气和死气沉沉的萧条景象。”<br />
<br />
In his economic paper, Dang wrote: "When the society starts from principles and principles instead of basic economic facts, to mobilize ideological, political and legal forces to fight against objective economic laws ('The Cultural Revolution' is such a typical period), the society pays a huge economic price, but gets bad social climate and depression."<br />
<br />
头脑此心脏重要<br />
<br />
The Mind is More Important Than the Heart<br />
<br />
1975年,邓小平同志出来工作了。在押犯党治国感到好像自己刑满释放ー样的高兴。他觉得这下自己的思想轨迹能合上中央政策的轨迹了。本来嘛,无产阶级夺取政权以后,发展生产力就是无产阶级的根本利益所在。国家的转机来了,他党治国的转机就会来。他把他的希望全部系于小平同志的身上。<br />
<br />
In 1975, Comrade Deng Xiaoping came out to work. The prisoner Dang Zhiguo felt as happy as if he was released from prison. He felt that his ideological track could be close to the track of the central policy. After all, after the proletariat seized political power, it is the fundamental interest of the proletariat to develop productivity. When the turning point of the country comes, the turning point of him will also come. He pinned all his hopes on Comrade Xiaoping.<br />
<br />
但是他等到的却是批邓。<br />
<br />
But what he waited for was to criticize Deng.<br />
<br />
他的头发一下子全白了,稀疏了。<br />
<br />
His hair suddenly turned white and thinned.<br />
<br />
他这个铁铮铮的黑大汉,一下变成了老汉。以前不管在游街时,在监狱中,他的心里经常回荡着他最喜爱的《斗牛士之歌》的旋律。可是从此他再也想不起他那斗牛英雄了,他只记得伏尔加船夫曲了 :唉嗨哟,唉嗨哟……<br />
<br />
He, an unyielding man with dark skin, suddenly became an old man. In the past, whether in the streets or in prison, his heart often echoed with the melody of his favorite "Toreador Song". But he never remembered his bullfighting hero again. He only remembered the "Song of the Volga Boatmen": Ay-da, da, ay-da...<br />
<br />
他并不怕死,准确地说,他最不怕的就是死。但他怕绝望,尤其怕从希望的顶峰突然掉进绝望的深渊。<br />
<br />
He was not afraid of death. To be precise, he feared death the least. But he was afraid of despair, especially falling suddenly from the peak of hope into the abyss of despair.<br />
<br />
社会上大批右倾翻案风,监狱里党治国首当其冲。一个彻底绝望的人,就是一个可怕的人。你们不是要批我翻案复辟吗?好,他自己带头批自己一他不仅要复辟资本主义,而且要复辟封建主义,而且复辟原始共产主义。他从头坏到脚,从脚烂到头。<br />
<br />
In the society, there was the Counterattacking the Right-Deviationist Reversal-of-Verdicts Trend, and Dang bore the brunt in the prison. A completely desperate person is a terrible person. Aren't you going to criticize me for reversing my verdict? Well, he himself took the lead in criticizing himself—he wanted to restore not only capitalism, but also feudalism and primitive communism. He became evil.<br />
<br />
他实在没有生之留恋了。<br />
<br />
There was no love left for him.<br />
<br />
他本来就不重视他这个躯体的物质存在。1967年西安武斗,有一天他把两手插进大衣口袋,大模大样地走向射击密集地。他当时只不过产生了一个奇怪的想法:人中了枪弹是什么感觉?事后想来,那三四十米的射击区里,只他一个人在做死亡游戏,实在也觉得后怕了——不是怕死,是怕死得没意义。<br />
<br />
He didn't pay attention to the material existence of his body. During the violent struggle in Xi'an in 1967, one day, he put his hands in his coat pockets and marched towards an area with intense fire. At that time, he just had a strange idea: What does it feel like to be shot? In hindsight, in the shooting area of 30-40 meters, only he was playing the game of death, and he had a lingering fear—he was not afraid of death, but of meaningless death.<br />
<br />
1968年他在牛棚里给吊打得晕死过去。迷迷糊糊中,听到有人在说:“把党治国打死了也没关系。他死了更好,少了一个反革命。”不,他可不能这么不清不白地死去!<br />
<br />
In 1968, he passed out after he was beaten in the cowshed. In a daze, Ihe heard someone saying, "It doesn't matter if he is killed. It is better if he dies, because a person who is against revolution disappear." No, he can't die in unclear circumstances!<br />
<br />
1970年铜川市把他判了死刑上报省里,省里那次共有七个死刑犯的名单。但据说这一批只枪毙四个,党治国的名字是第五个。又活了过来。打“右派”有指标,抓“现行反革命”有指标,枪毙人有指标。那就是说,不是因为你有罪才杀你,而是因为要杀你才有罪。<br />
<br />
In 1970, Tongchuan City sentenced him to death and reported it to the province, where there were seven prisoners on death row. However, it is said that only four prisoners were shot in this batch, and Dang Zhiguo was the fifth. So he was still alive. There were quotas for fighting against the "rightists", catching anyone who opposed or resisted a revolution after the liberation movement and shooting people. That is to say, it is not because you are guilty that you are killed, but because you are to be killed that you are guilty. <br />
<br />
前四个人当时都给枪毙了,后来都给平反了。如果将来科学发达了,平反的人都能复活就好了。不过这四个人已被打得脑浆迸裂,怕是怎么也复活不了啦。<br />
<br />
The first four people were shot at that time, and then they were rehabilitated politically. If only all the rehabilitated people would be resurrected when technology develops in the future. However, these four people have been beaten their brains out, so they will not be resurrected no matter what approach was taken.<br />
<br />
党治国听到前四名死刑犯的命运后,不寒而栗。现代医学认为判断ー个人是否死亡,首先是看脑子,而不是心脏。头脑比心脏重要。人要是不能思索,不让思索,那就活像是精神的殉葬。西安郊区的前朝古墓里,当初有多少宫女殉葬,多少工匠被活埋!不过秦朝已经比过去进化了,用大量的“俑殉”代替大量的人殉。秦始皇墓附近有三个兵马俑坑。光是一号坑,就有6000件陶俑、陶马,将军俑、武官俑、战袍俑、铠甲俑、跪射俑、立射俑等等。武士俑排成38路纵队,保护着秦始皇的僵尸,保护着僵硬的封建体系。<br />
<br />
Dang Zhiguo trembled when he heard the fate of the first four prisoners on death row. Modern medicine believes that to judge whether a person dies or not, the first thing to do is to look at the brain, not the heart. The mind is more important than the heart. If people can't think and are not allowed to think, it's like spiritual burial. In the ancient mausoleums of former dynasties in the suburbs of Xi'an, how many maids and craftsmen were buried alive! However, the Qin Dynasty has evolved compared with the past, replacing a large number of people with a large number of figurines. There are three pits of terracotta warriors near the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang. In Pit No.1 alone, there are 6,000 pottery figurines, pottery horses, general figurines, military attaché figurines, warrior figurines in battle robes and armor, kneeling figurines, figurines whose posture is shooting and so on. The warrior figurines formed 38 columns to protect the dead body of Qin Shi Huang and the rigid feudal system.<br />
<br />
兵马俑馆的侧,停放着一大溜前来参观者乘坐的汽车。汽车的式样是五花 八门的,汽车的产地却只有一个——日本。偌大的兵马俑馆天天吸引着成千成千的参观者。每天有一千多外宾。香港报纸说里根拍中国马屁,因为里根摸了一下陶马的屁股。法国总理希拉克说世界有七大奇迹,秦俑的发现可以说是八大奇迹了。不过,发掘违反经济规律的教训比发掘古迹更紧迫。较之馆内的兵马俑,馆外的奇迹更给我以强大的刺激——一字长蛇阵地摆着的日产汽车,强化了的日本经济发展的奇迹。<br />
<br />
On the side of the Terracotta Warriors Museum, there were many cars on which visitors sat before. The styles of cars were varied, but the origin of cars was only one—Japan. The huge Terracotta Warriors Museum attracts thousands of visitors every day. There are more than 1,000 foreign guests every day. Hong Kong newspapers said that Reagan kissed China's ass because Reagan touched the pottery horse's ass. French Prime Minister Jacques Chirac said that there are seven wonders in the world, and the discovery of Qin figurines can be said to be the eighth one. However, it is more urgent to discover the lessons of violating economic laws than to discover historical sites. Compared with the Terracotta Warriors inside the museum, the miracle outside the museum gives me a powerful stimulus. Cars made in Japan were placed in a long array, which strengthened the miracle of Japanese economic development.<br />
<br />
经济发展和政治民主是互为作用的。体制的生命力在于自身有新陈代谢的功能,自身能不断选择和更迭各个层次的领导者,自身能不断调整和更新生产关系。党治国写道:“社会主义的扩大再生产还应扩大再生产出社会主义的生产关系。”是的,我们不仅要生产出更多的工农业产品,我们首先要生产出更科学、更合理的生产关系。<br />
<br />
Economic development and political democracy interact with each other. The vitality of the system lies in its metabolism function, its ability to constantly choose and change leaders at all levels, and its ability to constantly adjust and update production relations. Dang wrote: "The expanded reproduction of socialism should also expand and reproduce socialist relations of production." Yes, we should not only produce more industrial and agricultural products, but we should first produce more scientific and reasonable relations of production.<br />
<br />
生——产——关——系?<br />
<br />
Production relations?<br />
<br />
文凭可以补发,思维不能重复<br />
<br />
Diplomas Can be Reissued, But Thinking Cannot be Repeated<br />
<br />
活着的头脑是不能停止思索的。1978年召开全国科学大会的前夕,党治国在监狱里提出他也要向科学大会献礼。他在狱中写了《凿岩机最佳轴推力的研究》和《评皆吉斯朵夫的风钻轴推力公式》等论文,搞了水玻璃泮火机、锉盘的复活技术、自动淬水筛等好几项革新。1980年他一出狱,浮肿着脸就到处搞科技资料,四方出击地发表了关于热处理、轴承、电炉和风动工具等十来篇论文。<br />
<br />
A living mind can't stop thinking. Before the National Science Conference was held in 1978, Dang proposed in prison that he would also present gifts to the conference. In prison, he wrote papers such as Research on Optimal Shaft Thrust of Drilling Machine and Comment on Detistikov's Drilling Machine Shaft Thrust Formula, and made several innovations such as sodium metasilicate quenching machine, revival technology of files, and automatic dewatering screen. When he was released from prison in 1980, he searched scientific and technological materials everywhere with a swollen face, and published a dozen papers on heat treatment, bearings, electric furnaces and pneumatic tools.<br />
<br />
1984年底他调到西安市民用煤研究所工作。他这个清华大学水利系学生进入“右派”生涯后,有10年就是在煤矿里打风钻（即凿岩机）。当初风钻没有支架, 往高处打洞时,党治国本可以搬个随便什么物件,站上去打。但他嫌费事。他总是急急地想多干活。他一见活就着急。他举起60斤重的风钻顶在头上打洞,他那大高个子就是一个活动支架。不过风钻开动时那每分钟震动1800次带来的噪音,整整伤害了他10年。为什么还要听任这种伤人的声波在矿里继续肆虐?！<br />
<br />
At the end of 1984, he was transferred to Xi'an Civil Coal Research Institute. After he, a water conservancy student in Tsinghua University, was recognized as a "rightist", he spent 10 years using drilling machine in coal mines. At the beginning, the drills had no supports, and when holes were drilled in high places, Dang could have moved anything and stood up to drill. But he thought it too troublesome. He was always in a hurry to work more. He was anxious when he had work to do. He lifted a 30-kilogram drilling machine top to make a hole in his head, and his tall figure was a movable bracket. But when the drill machine was turned on, it vibrated 1800 times every minute, which brought noises hurting him for 10 years. Why should he let this hurtful sound wave continue to spread out in the mine? !<br />
<br />
党治国把气动凿岩机的设计图纸送到一些有条件生产的工厂。技术人员一看就明白,可是领导们说:这只不过是图纸,没有样机来证明。<br />
<br />
Dang sent the design drawings of rotary pneumatic rock drills to some factories with conditions for production. Technicians can understand them when they see them, but leaders said: This is just a drawing, and there is no prototype to prove it.<br />
<br />
可是,党治国是测试过数据,证实了原理的。<br />
<br />
However, Dang had tested the data and confirmed the principle.<br />
<br />
可是,连风钻的使用单位也不想关心这种新型风钻的产生,因为制造和他们无关。<br />
<br />
However, even the users of pneumatic drills did not want to care about the production of this new type of pneumatic drills, because manufacturing had nothing to do with them.<br />
<br />
正儿八经搞制造的工厂,一想生产新机器要投资新设备,投资本身就带有冒险性质。冒险的事不干。<br />
<br />
Factories that were seriously engaged in manufacturing thought that they had to invest in new equipment if they wanted to produce new machines, and investment itself was risky. Employees in these factories didn’t want to take risks.<br />
<br />
洛阳有个厂或许有可能生产。党治国用上他四年没用的探亲假赶去了,住在洛阳一个旅馆里,每天的伙食是四个烧饼。这每天四个烧饼,引起了同屋一个人的注意。他是江苏泰兴一个乡办厂的负责人。乡镇企业有自主权,有变革自己落后面貌的愿望,有靠开发新产品闯出路子的需要。他先是为党治国的四个烧饼所感动,后是为党治国的凿岩机所打动,决定把这个项目带回江苏去搞。<br />
<br />
There was a factory in Luoyang that may produce it. Dang took his parental leave that he didn’t use for four years to go there, and stayed in a hotel in Luoyang. The daily food was four baked wheat cakes. These four baked wheat cakes every day attracted the attention of one of Dang’s roommates. He was the person in charge of setting up a factory in Taixing, Jiangsu Province. Township enterprises had ownership, had the desire to change their backward appearance, and the need to find a way out by developing new products. He was first moved by Dang’s four baked wheat cakes, and then moved by the rock drills of Dang, so he decided to bring this project back to Jiangsu.<br />
<br />
小厂很有积极性,当下投进两三万元的资金。但是,这么一个突破传统结构的凿岩机,让一个乡办小厂搞,从资金到人力,都难以继续下去。具有研制能力的大单位,又不想列入计划。那么,党治国自己集资?<br />
<br />
The small factory was very motivated, and 20,000 yuan to 30,000 yuan were invested. However, it was difficult for a small township-run factory to continue from capital to manpower, with such a rock drill that broke through the traditional structure. Large units with research and development capabilities did not want to be included in the plan. So, Dang raised funds by himself?<br />
<br />
清华大学的教授们,黄万里已经寄来了100元,钱伟长就要寄钱来了……<br />
<br />
Professors from Tsinghua University like Huang Wanli had already sent 100 yuan, and Qian Weichang was going to send money...<br />
<br />
中国几十年来割资本主义尾巴,近几年小心翼翼地提出一部分人先富起来。党治国哪里去找这些先富起来的人?党治国怎么能筹集这上万上万的资金?<br />
<br />
China had been cutting off the tail of capitalism for decades, and in recent years it has carefully proposed that some people get rich first. Where can Dang find these people who get rich first? How can he raise tens of thousands of funds?<br />
<br />
他原先以为出了监狱就是解放了。1980年他是被提前释放的。如果按原判20年的话,他本应服刑到1990年。既然对他是错判,那么能不能还他时间呢?<br />
<br />
He thought he was liberated when he left prison. He was released early in 1980. According to original trial, he would have served his sentence until 1990. Since he was wrongly judged, can his time be given back?<br />
<br />
当然这是幻想。清队时有个人分不清“幻”字和“幼”字,以为只是意思相通读音不同。每每在对党治国们训话时,用上他以为很有学问的话:“一切幻想都是幼想! 一切幼想都是幻想!”一个“党治国专案组”五个人一年就得花一万多元钱,应该有人做个社会调查——全国有过多少专案组、调查组,用了多少人力,用了多少金钱,解决了多少问题,制造了多少冤案。侵犯的人权,要不要追究法律责任?浪费的金钱,要不要承担经济损失?<br />
<br />
Of course, this was a fantasy. During the period of cleansing the class ranks, there was a man who couldn't tell the difference between the word "幻" (fantasy) and the word "幼" (young), thinking that they had the same meaning but different pronunciation. Every time he lectured Dang and others, he said what he thought was very learned: "All fantasies are young! All young thoughts are fantasies!" Five people in a "task force for Dang Zhiguo" had to spend more than 10,000 yuan a year. Someone should make a social survey on how many task forces and investigation teams have been in the country, how many manpower and money have been used, how many problems have been solved and how many unjust cases have been created. Do you want to pursue legal responsibility for violated human rights? Do you want to bear economic losses for wasted money?<br />
<br />
不该查不该调的内查外调所花的巨额投资如果用来开发新产品,那么开发的岂止是产品,还有是积极性,是人!<br />
<br />
If the huge investment spent on unnecessary investigation was used to develop new products, then not only products, but also enthusiasm and people will be more!<br />
<br />
为了个人的利害关系用公家的钱去整人,是不会心疼钱的;为了企业的发展多揽一件事,又何必找这个麻烦?企业搞不搞新产品,于个人有什么利益?<br />
<br />
For the sake of personal interests, it is not distressing to use government money to trick people. In order to take one more thing for the development of the enterprise, why bother? Whether an enterprise engages in new products or not, what benefits does it have for individuals?<br />
<br />
我站在秦陵二号铜车马跟前,不胜感慨! 2000多年前就有这样的工艺水平! 一共3000多个部件,根据铸件性能的不同,采用不同的合金比例,青铜的冶铸技术和现在基本相仿,机械连接采用的是现在仍在广泛使用的键连接、饺链连接等等。马身上装配的金当卢、金银泡等饰件和用具就有2500多件。铜车马在地下埋了2000多年了,至今链条非常灵活,车的门窗开关自如！<br />
<br />
I stood in front of the bronze chariots and horses of Qin Mausoleum No.2, and I was overwhelmed with emotion! There was such a technological level more than 2000 years ago! There were more than 3,000 parts in total. According to the different casting properties, different alloy ratios were adopted. The smelting and casting technology of bronze was basically similar to that of now. The mechanical connection adopted key joint, pilot pin joint and so on, which are still widely used now. There were more than 2,500 pieces of ornaments and utensils such as gold masks and gold and silver bubbles assembled on horses. Bronze chariots and horses have been buried underground for more than 2000 years. Up to now, the chain is very flexible, and the doors and windows of the car can be opened and closed freely!<br />
<br />
我们的先人在公元前就有这样的科学技术水平,那么2000年后的今天,进展如何呢?<br />
<br />
Our ancestors had such a level of science and technology in BC, so what is the progress today after 2000 years?<br />
<br />
进展也好,不进展也好,反正照样拿工资。<br />
<br />
Whether there is progress or not, people still get the money anyway.<br />
<br />
我打开清华大学第002150号毕业证书。证书上是一张像出土文物似的老人相片。不知是因为五十来岁的党治国照得比他实际年龄更老,还是因为他现在的相片放在大学毕业证书上实在不相称而愈加显老。50年代的清华大学水利系学生在80年代拿到了补发的毕业文凭。不过他已经不想把他的主要精力放在科技上了。<br />
<br />
I opened the diploma No.002150 of Tsinghua University. On the certificate was a photo of an old man like an unearthed cultural relic. I didn't know whether it was because Dang in his fifties was taken older in the picture than his actual age, or because his current photo was out of proportion with his college diploma. Students in the water conservancy department of Tsinghua University in the 1950s got a reissued diploma in the 1980s. But he didn't want to focus on technology anymore.<br />
<br />
文凭可以补发,思维不能重复。他积几十年之教训,感到首先要面对的是——生产关系。<br />
<br />
Diploma can be reissued, but thinking cannot be repeated. After decades of lessons, he felt that the first thing he had to face was production relations.<br />
<br />
没有主人的企业<br />
<br />
Enterprises Without Owners<br />
<br />
那些国营企业为什么不想创新产品、不想要人才?农村改革势如破竹,为什么到城市以后改革就步履维艰?乡镇企业拳打脚踢,生气勃勃,国营企业为什么缺乏活力?原因是什么?症结在哪里?<br />
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Why didn't those state-owned enterprises want innovative products and talents? Rural reform was in full swing. Why was it difficult to reform in cities? Why did state-owned enterprises lack vitality when township enterprises were full of vigor? What was the reason? Where is the crux?<br />
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党治国的回答是:“企业中没有真正的主人。”<br />
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The answer of Dang was: "There is no real owner in the enterprise."<br />
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工人不是企业的主人吗?解放初,我们就宣传工人当家做了主。三十多年过去了,难道还没成为企业的主人?“三十多年来一直对国营企业的职工进行主人翁思想教育这件事本身,恰恰证明国营企业职工不是企业的主人。”党治国写道,“一对年轻夫妇买了一台彩电,等不到走出商店的大门,对于这台彩电的主人翁思想,便像铁钉一样钉入了他们的脑海,根本用不着对他们进行主人翁思想的教育。”<br />
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Aren't workers the owners of enterprises? At the beginning of liberation, we publicized that workers were the masters of the country. After more than 30 years, haven't they become the owner of the enterprise? "For more than 30 years, we have been educating the employees of state-owned enterprises about their ownership, which just proves that the employees of state-owned enterprises are not the owners of enterprises." Dang Zhiguo wrote, "After a young couple bought a color TV set, the ownership about this TV will be nailed into their minds before they get out of the door of the store. And there is no need to educate them how to be the owner of it."<br />
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我们不是承认思想是第二性的吗?那么,主人翁思想也应该是被物质存在决定的オ对。党治国的思考方向带有科学性。<br />
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Don't we admit that conscious experience is based in physical processes? Then, ownership should also be determined by material existence. The thinking direction of Dang is scientific.<br />
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我们常常可以看到这种场面:一个工厂突然停电了,或者是机器坏了,工人们喜形于色,奔走相告。因为既可以早回家,又算是出勤了,工资照发。企业的亏损或盈利和职工的利益没有多大关系。群众不能多得,但是可以少劳。职工对企业的冷漠态度,不过是企业所有制关系在职工意识中的反映。<br />
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We can often see such scenes: a factory suddenly went out of power, or the machine broke down, and the workers were jubilant and rushed to tell each other. Because they can go home early and they also punch in, so they can still gain salary. The loss or profit of an enterprise has little to do with the interests of employees. The masses can't get more, but they can work less. The indifferent attitude of employees towards enterprises is only a reflection of the sense of ownership of enterprises.<br />
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企业的领导是不是主人?当然我们有很多优秀的领导,但是为什么报纸上经常有这样的披露:<br />
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Is the leader of an enterprise the master? Of course, we have many excellent leaders, but why do newspapers often disclose this:<br />
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“新华社长春7月21日电:吉林铁合金厂9名厂级干部在不到两年的时间里, 平均每人晋升5.28级,其中最高的长了7.5级;1984年,每人平均得奖金1770多元,是职エ奖金的4.4倍。”（1985年7月22日《西安晚报》）<br />
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"Changchun/July 21/Xinhua News Agency: In less than two years, nine factory-level cadres of Jilin Ferroalloy Factory were promoted by an average of 5.28 levels, of which the highest was 7.5 levels; In 1984, each person received an average bonus of more than 1,770 yuan, which was 4.4 times the employee bonus." (Xi'an Evening News, July 22, 1985)<br />
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“鞍钢钢铁研究所联合实验厂三名领导干部‘以官论奖’,乱分奖金现象严重。 他们在不到九个月的时间里,每人平均分得奖金8600余元,相当于工人奖金的19倍,在职工中造成恶劣影响。”（1985年8月6日《工人日报》）<br />
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"Three leading cadres in the joint experimental factory of Angang Iron and Steel Research Institute 'give awards according to seniority', and the phenomenon of randomly dividing bonuses is serious. In less than nine months, each of them received an average bonus of more than 8,600 yuan, which is equivalent to 19 times of the employee bonus, causing bad influence on employees." (Workers' Daily, August 6, 1985)<br />
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“这类国营企业的领导人,他们作风上的损害国家及职工利益以自肥,和工作上的极端不负责任,说明他们也不是企业的主人。”<br />
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"The leaders of such state-owned enterprises, whose style of work is harmful to the interests of the state and employees, and they are extremely irresponsible for their work, which shows that they are not the owners of the enterprises."<br />
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“主人不盗窃自己的财产。”党治国一语道破了问题的实质。<br />
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"The owner does not steal his own property." Dang's words reveal the essence of the problem.<br />
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他进一步论证说:“主人就是人格化的所有权。作为企业的主人,他个人的利益和命运应该同企业的兴衰和前途是息息相关的。他在企业中的利益,绝不是一个可以忽略的量。例如对于一个拥有1000万元资金和1000名职工的企业来说, 每个职工推动的生产资金为1万元。而如果每个职工仅仅以社会全体成员之一, 也就是说作为我国10亿人口之一的身份享有对企业的所有权,那么企业的资产对于每个职工来说就只有0.01元。企业的倒闭只使职工个人损失1分钱,又怎么能期望每个职工把企业的存亡当作自己性命攸关的事情呢?”<br />
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He further argued: "Owner is personalized ownership. As the owner of an enterprise, his personal interests and destiny should be closely related to the rise and fall and future of the enterprise. His interests in the enterprise are by no means negligible. For example, for an enterprise with 10 million yuan capital and 1,000 employees, the production capital promoted by each employee is 10,000 yuan. And if each employee only enjoys the ownership of the enterprise as one of all members of society, that is to say, as one of China's 1 billion people, then the assets of the enterprise are only 0.01 yuan for each employee. The collapse of the enterprise only makes the individual lose 1 cent. So how can we expect each employee to regard the survival of the enterprise as a matter of vital importance?"<br />
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当一个人对于企业财产拥有的数量,足以影响他的生存并决定他的贫富的时候,他方才称得上企业的真正主人,而不仅仅是观念上的主人。主人的权利表现在参与企业的决策和管理的权利;在企业按劳动参加分配的权利;按对企业财产占有量参加利润分配的权利。<br />
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When the amount of property owned by an individual is enough to affect his survival and determine his wealth, he can be called the real owner of the enterprise, not just the conceptual owner. The owner's right is manifested in the right to participate in the decision-making and management of the enterprise, in the right to participate in distribution according to labor in enterprises, and in the right to participate in profit distribution according to the possession of enterprise property.<br />
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农村实行联产承包责任制获得成功,有人便以为承包万能,在城市里也大搞承包。但“包字进城”并没有取得预想的结果。党治国找出了其中的原因。农民承包成功,关键是权利和义务的对等。超产固然使农民首先得利,歉产也使农民首先亏损。经营责任者没有责任能力（赔偿能力）,是国有企业严重存在而又难以解决的实际问题。有的厂长说,我给国家亏损了几十万。可有什么办法?把我这一百多斤交给孙二娘卖人肉包子,也卖不了几个钱嘛。<br />
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When the implementation of the household responsibility system in rural areas was successful, some people thought that the system was omnipotent, so they also introduced it in cities. However, it did not achieve the expected results. Dang found the reason. The key to the success of farmers' household responsibility system is the equivalence of rights and obligations. Although overproduction makes farmers benefit first, failure to produce also makes farmers lose first. It is a serious and difficult problem for state-owned enterprises to solve that those who are responsible for management have no responsibility ability (or compensation ability). Some factory directors said that they lost hundreds of thousands of yuan to the country. But what can they do? Let Sun Erniang make filling in buns with my flesh weighing over 100 jin to sell them, and she can't earn too much.<br />
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没有责任能力的时候,就可能不负责任。好比叫一个3岁的小孩上街买彩电, 他在路上把钱丢了,你也无可奈何,因为小孩没有这个责任能力。<br />
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When you have no ability to be responsible, you may be irresponsible. For example, if a 3-year-old child is asked to buy a color TV set, and he loses his money on the way, you have no alternative, because the child doesn't have the ability to be responsible.<br />
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党治国把问题做了进一步的引申,说明国营企业缺乏持久的活力,是一个包括社会主义和资本主义国家在内的世界性问题。我们在理论上承认职工是企业的主人,却不知道主人的财产权究竟在哪里?主人,这是一个确切的经济事实,而不是一个思想概念。它确定职工在企业中的地位,使职工看到关系着自己的命运的可变的经济利益,唤起职工的负责精神!<br />
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Dang extended the problem, which shows that the lack of lasting vitality of state-owned enterprises is a worldwide problem including socialist and capitalist countries. Theoretically, we admit that employees are the owner of the enterprise, but we don't know where the owner's property rights are. Owner is an exact economic fact, not an ideological concept. It determines the position of employees in the enterprise, makes employees see the variable economic interests related to their own destiny, and evokes the sense of responsibility of employees!<br />
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“走后门”和经济规律<br />
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Pulling Strings and Economic Laws<br />
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主人不在,后门洞开。<br />
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In the absence of the owner, the back door opened.<br />
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有些紧俏商品,例如名牌自行车,凭票证供应。票证本来是无价的,但是人们通过送礼、行贿从后门搞来的票证,就是有价的了。交换越发展,票证就越能得到它的充分价值。最后,一张票证甚至可卖到100来元。<br />
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Some goods in short supply, such as brand-name bicycles, are supplied by coupons (a system imposed to control the production of food and to boost industrialization). Coupons are priceless, but coupons that people get by pulling strings and bribes are valuable. The more the exchange develops, the more the coupon can get its full value. Finally, a coupon can even be sold for about 100 yuan.<br />
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名牌自行车的供销矛盾,本来可以通过调整价格来解决。如果原来值150元一辆,可以提高到200元、250元,提高到一定程度,供销就会趋向平衡。每辆自行车多卖的钱,就用来扩大名牌自行车的生产。<br />
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The contradiction between supply and marketing of famous brand bicycles could have been solved by adjusting the price. If the original price of 150 yuan can be raised to 200 yuan or 250 yuan, and the supply and marketing will tend to be balanced when the price is raised to a certain level. The extra money sold for each bicycle can be used to expand the production of famous brand bicycles.<br />
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但是我们却用票证来限制购买。结果是100元钱从前门送不进,只好从后门送给了私人。自行车的充分价格,通过曲折的道路实现了。<br />
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But we use coupons to restrict purchases. As a result, 100 yuan's money could not be sent in through the front door, so it had to be given to individuals through the back door privately. The full price of bicycles is raised through winding roads.<br />
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所以,经济规律不仅不以人们的意志为转移,反过来还要转移人们的意志。党治国发表了他的论文:《经济规律在行动中——论走后门是济经规律遇阻时发生作用的一种形式》。<br />
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Therefore, economic laws not only do not transfer people's will, but also transfer people's will in turn. Dang published his paper: "Economic laws are in action—pulling strings is a form of economic laws that work when they are limited".<br />
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“走后门等不正之风不过是国家花巨款买来的社会祸害。它是经济规律遇阻时发生作用的一种形式,也是经济规律对于诸如‘物价稳定’‘等价交换’、否定地租规律等固定观念的惩罚。”“人们所能改变的,只是经济规律发生作用的形式,而不能改变经济规律本身。”<br />
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"Dishonest practices such as pulling strings are just social scourges bought by the state with huge sums of money. It is a form of economic laws that work when they are limited, and also the punishment of economic laws for fixed concepts such as 'price stability', 'equivalent exchange' and denial of land rent law." "What people can change is only the form in which economic laws work, but not the economic laws themselves."<br />
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我走到西安的城墙下,城墙周长11.9公里,高12米,顶宽12至14米。真是 庞大的防御体系。给人安全感和封闭感。这是明朝朱元璋修建的:“高筑墙,广积粮,缓称王。”后来我们继承传统,提出了“深挖洞,广积粮,不称霸”。结果是即使称霸也未必具有威慑力量,至今吃饭还要粮票,西安市中心的地下防空洞改装成了低档的游乐场。洞内墙壁剥落,洞里传出粗重的迪斯科乐声。售票员姑娘在众目睽睽之下用廉价的化妆品细细地对着小镜子抹脸。好像她的工作不是售票,而是做化妆讲座。<br />
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I walked under the city wall of Xi'an. The perimeter of the city wall was 11.9 kilometers, and it was 12 meters high and 12 to 14 meters wide. What a huge defense system, giving people a sense of security and isolation. This was built by Zhu Yuanzhang in the Ming Dynasty: "Build a high wall, accumulate more grain, and slowly become an emperor." Later, we inherited the tradition and put forward the idea of "digging deep holes, accumulating grain extensively, and not seeking hegemony". As a result, even hegemony may not have deterrent power. Up to now, food coupons were needed if you wanted to eat something, and the underground air-raid shelter in the center of Xi'an had been converted into a low-grade amusement park. The walls in the cave peeled off, and thick and heavy disco music came from the cave. The conductor girl applied cheap cosmetics carefully in front of the small mirror in full view of the public. It seemed that her job was not to sell tickets, but to give makeup lectures.<br />
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有什么样的经济基础,就会产生什么样的生活水准和精神素质。经济规律活动在我们的各个领域中。<br />
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Different economic foundations will produce different living standards and spiritual quality. Economic laws are in our various fields.<br />
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尤其突出地活动在住房问题中。我走进城郊党治国的家。屋顶是一根根劈开的树杆,有一根树干上写着一行字:“公元一九八五年金秋九月三日正午新屋上梁大吉。”自然是农民房了。这一间二十多平方米的房,如果在别处就得收月租35元到45元。但这里近处是铁道,噪音不断。窗后是煤厂的大煤堆。一年四季不敢开窗,免得刮一屋子煤灰,所以月租是25元。<br />
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They are especially active in the housing problem. I walked into Dang’s home in a suburb. The roof was made of tree trunks, and a line was written on one trunk: "At noon on September 3rd in the golden autumn of 1985 AD, the new house is in good condition." Naturally, it was a rural house. If this room of more than 20 square meters were located elsewhere, it would have to be rented monthly from 35 yuan to 45 yuan. But there was a railway near here, so there was constant noise. Behind the window was a large coal pile in the coal plant. People dared not open windows all year round, so as to avoid coal ashes from falling in the whole room. So the monthly rent was 25 yuan.<br />
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“这就是地租规律。”党治国对我说,“这是由供需关系决定的。不过住房商品化至今难以推行,总是有人反对吧。人的本能就是利益的本能。现在有些地方,盖房用了一年时间,分房倒用了两年时间。分房比盖房还难。因为违反了地租规律、经济规律。<br />
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"This is the law of land rent." He said to me, "This is determined by the relationship between supply and demand. However, it is difficult to implement the commercialization of housing so far, and some people always oppose it. Human instinct is the instinct of interests. Nowadays, in some places, it takes one year to build houses, but it takes two years to distribute houses. It is more difficult to distribute houses than to build them. Because it violates the laws of land rent and the economy."<br />
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“用行政手段分房,来代替经济规律平衡人口的分布,结果是人们将为之付出活动费和贿赂。这只不过是社会自愿放弃的房租的转化形式。贿赂的多少不是由特权者的贪欲或是行贿者的经济状况决定的,而是由地租规律及其受阻程度决定的。”<br />
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"Using administrative means to distribute houses instead of economic laws to balance the distribution of population. As a result, people will pay activity fees and bribes for it. This is just a transformation form of rent voluntarily abandoned by society. Bribes are not determined by the greed of privileged people or the economic situation of bribers, but by the law of land rent and its degree of obstruction."<br />
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我想起我走进党治国家之前,附近不少农民在盖房,自然又是商品房。我乘坐的那辆汽车差点和一辆运砖的马车相撞——太挤了。人。砖。水泥。木料。而这个盖房大竞赛的总指挥是:经济规律。<br />
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I remembered that before I walked into Dang’s house, many farmers nearby were building houses, which were naturally commercial houses. The car I was in almost collided with a carriage carrying bricks—it was too crowded. People. Bricks. Cement. Wood. And the commander-in-chief of this big competition for building houses is: economic laws.<br />
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思想的局限<br />
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Limitations of Thought<br />
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“两栖人”党治国在继续研制气动凿岩机的同时,又在经济理论的岩层上向更深的层次开凿:他的经济论文《论剪刀差》《经济规律在行动中一论走后门是经济规律受阻时发生作用的一种形式》《一个重要的经济规律——论基本分配规律》等一篇篇地发表了。不过都发在科技刊物上。这未必是经济规律受阻,而是学术空气受阻时发生作用的一种形式。<br />
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While continuing to study rotary pneumatic rock drills, the "Amphibious Man" had dug deeper into the rock stratum of economic theory: his economic papers "On Scissors Difference", " Economic laws are in action—pulling strings is a form of economic laws that work when they are limited", "An Important Economic Law: On Basic Distribution Laws" and so on. They had been published one by one. But they were all published in scientific journals. This is not necessarily a form of action when the economic laws are limited, but a form of action when the academic atmosphere is blocked.<br />
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党治国抓住了事物的根本——经济规律的指挥棒,他便能听清思想工作中的不和谐音了:<br />
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When Dang grasped the baton of economic laws, which is the root of things, he can hear the dissonance in ideological work:<br />
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公有制下的企业,只有在一定条件下,即革命胜利后革命政党和那些受到 革命鼓舞的群众还保持着革命热情和充满着革命理想那样一个黄金时代,才能正常运转和迅速发展。随着革命热情被利害的打算冷却,革命理想为日常的现实所冲淡,这些企业的弊病就出来了。<br />
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Enterprises under public ownership can operate normally and develop rapidly only under certain conditions, that is, after the victory of the revolution, the revolutionary political parties and the masses encouraged by the revolution still maintain revolutionary enthusiasm and are full of revolutionary ideals, which is a golden age. As revolutionary enthusiasm is cooled by plans focusing on interests and revolutionary ideals are less strong because of daily reality, problems of these enterprises come out.<br />
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我们曾经把共产主义简化为小生产者的平均主义,并且宣布是马上就可 以进入的“天堂”。当这种共产主义的幼稚幻想被残酷的事实粉碎后,又代之以“阶级斗争要搞一万年”的极度悲观的论调,并由此诱发出人整人,狂热。人们对一万年以后的共产主义无从稽考,所以光用共产主义的豪言壮语难以普遍地激发人们的热情了。<br />
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We once simplified communism and regarded it as egalitarianism of small producers and declared it a "paradise" that can be entered immediately. When this naive fantasy of communism was shattered by cruel facts, it was replaced by the extremely pessimistic argument that "class conflict should last for ten thousand years", which induced the phenomenon that people trick people and fanaticism. There is no way for people to examine communism after 10,000 years, so it is difficult to arouse people's enthusiasm universally with the grandiloquence of communism alone.<br />
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对于未来,我们更多谈及的,往往是多少产量、多少收入等等物质生活的 提高。很少论及我们的社会主义将有什么发展,我们的所有制、生产方式、分配关系、政治制度、家庭结构、人际关系、思想观念,到时候是什么样子。<br />
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For the future, we often talk more about the improvement of material life, such as output, income and so on. Very little is said about the development of our socialism, and what our ownership, mode of production, distribution relations, political system, family structure, interpersonal relationships and ideas will look like in the days to come.<br />
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当我们常常用未来物质生活如何丰富的数字来充塞人们的头脑时,又怎 能希望只用思想和劝善来填补精神的匮乏呢!<br />
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When we often fill people's minds with figures of how rich material life will be in the future, how can we hope to fill the lack of spirit only by using thoughts and encouraging people to do good?<br />
<br />
现在常常听到责备人们“向钱看”。权利和义务是不可分的。权利超过 义务,就会不负责任,以权谋私;义务超过权利,人们就会推卸责任而变得冷漠,并变着法弥补自己被忽略的利益。这两类表现,可以归之于“觉悟不高”或“思想落后”吧。不过这种道义上的谴责和政治上的批评并不能解决根本问题。撤销职务和法律惩处虽然儆戒未来,却无助于弥补已经造成的经济损失。何况被撤掉的职务本来就不属于被撤职者自己。<br />
<br />
Nowadays, people are often blamed for "looking at money". Rights and obligations are inseparable. If rights exceed obligations, people will be irresponsible and abuse power for personal gain; When obligations exceed rights, people will shirk their responsibilities, become indifferent, and rack their brains to make up for their neglected interests. These two kinds of manifestations can be attributed to "low consciousness" or "regressive ideas". However, this moral condemnation and political criticism cannot solve the fundamental problem. Although dismissal and legal punishment are an example to the future, they will not help to make up for the economic losses already caused. What's more, the removed position does not belong to the removed person himself.<br />
<br />
主人公的责任感,说到底,首先不是一种思想问题,而是一个所有权的问 题。只有当每个社会成员清楚地感受到社会主义所有制对自己究竟意味着什么,才会真正关心社会主义经济的现状和未来,才会真正以主人的身份行使自己的支配权、劳动权和分配权。<br />
<br />
In the final analysis, the owner's sense of responsibility is not a matter of thought, but a matter of ownership. Only when every member of society clearly feels what socialist ownership means to himself, will he really care about the present situation and future of socialist economy, and will he truly exercise his right to dominate, work and distribute as an owner.<br />
<br />
在这种情况下,反复对人们进行主人翁思想教育,将只会使他们感到诧 异。如同你在路上突然被人拉住,向你宣传你要对自己的身体倍加爱护一样。既然人们事实上是社会的主人,并且每个人无一例外地从主人的地位中得到了实际的利益,他们自然而且必然会关心生产资料的正确支配和合理使用,把社会主义事业的发展看作与自己性命攸关的事情。<br />
<br />
In this case, it will only surprise people to repeatedly educate them about being owners. It's like being suddenly pulled by someone on the road, who tell you that you should take more care of your body. Since people are in fact the owners of society, and everyone without exception gets actual benefits from their status as owners, they will naturally and inevitably care about the correct control and rational use of the means of production, and regard the development of the socialist cause as a matter of vital importance to their own lives.<br />
<br />
不能把共产主义这一具有鲜明时代特征的科学等同于自古以来就有的舍 己为人、公而忘私乃至降格到积德行善的水平。原始公社时期那种“不独亲其亲,不独子其子”的人际关系,并不是思想觉悟的表现,而是由生产资料公有制的关系决定的。共产主义不是一种孤立的品质,而是一种标志着一个社会发展阶段的生产关系、社会关系的科学。这就如同卖菜时很会算账的同志未必懂得高等数学ー样。<br />
<br />
Communism, a science with distinctive characteristics of the times, cannot be equated with self-sacrifice, devoted to public interests as to forget one’s own interests, or even degraded to the level of accumulating virtues and doing good deeds since ancient times. In the primitive commune period, the interpersonal relationship—People don't just think of their relatives as their relatives, and they don't just think of their children as their children—was not a manifestation of ideological consciousness, but determined by the relationship of public ownership of the means of production. Communism is not an isolated quality, but a science that marks the relations of production and social relations in a stage of social development. This is just like comrades who are good at settling accounts when selling vegetables may not know advanced mathematics.<br />
<br />
理想和热情必须从科学社会主义的经济基础上产生出来,不可能附着在 过时的体制上。列宁说:“依靠信念、忠诚和其他优秀的精神品质,这在政治上是完全不严肃的。”这里还要加上一句:这在经济上也是完全不严肃的。<br />
<br />
Ideals and passions must emerge from the economic foundation of scientific socialism, and cannot be attached to outdated systems. Lenin said: "Relying on faith, loyalty and other excellent spiritual qualities is completely not serious in politics." Besides, it is also not economically serious at all.<br />
<br />
这里丝毫不包含轻视思想的作用,而是说观念是和利益连接在ー起的。马克思说,精神从一开始就很倒霉,注定要受物质的纠缠。离开了具体的物质利益,单纯靠思想工作来解决所有问题是不现实的。<br />
<br />
There is no contempt for the role of ideas here, but the meaning is that ideas are connected with interests. Marx said that the spirit is unlucky from the beginning, and is destined to be entangled by material. Without concrete material interests, it is unrealistic to solve all problems simply by ideological work.<br />
<br />
党治国企图说明和坚持的,是意识由存在来决定的唯物主义基本原理。<br />
<br />
What Dang attempts to explain and adhere to is the basic principle of materialism that consciousness is determined by existence.<br />
<br />
经济一团糟的经济理论家<br />
<br />
An Economic Theorist Without Money<br />
<br />
党治国对社会主义所有制关系的研究,主张要严格区别公有和共有这两个概念。马克思、恩格斯在《共产党宣言》中强调:“在发展进程中,当阶级差别已经消失而全部生产集中在联合起来的个人的手里的时候,公众的权利就失去政治的性质。”党治国由此认为,科学社会主义所有制,是“联合起来的个人”的所有制,即共有制。社会主义共有制是社会主义公有制的必要准备。社会主义公有制是社会主义共有制的必然趋势。公有不能量化,共有可以量化到个人。<br />
<br />
In the study of socialist ownership relations, Dang advocated to strictly distinguish the two concepts of public ownership and common ownership. Marx and Engels emphasized in The Communist Manifesto: "In the process of development, when class differences have disappeared and all production is concentrated in the hands of united individuals, public rights will lose their political nature." Therefore, Dang held that the scientific socialist ownership was the ownership of "united individuals", that is, the public ownership system. Socialist communal system is the necessary preparation for socialist public ownership. Socialist public ownership is the inevitable trend of socialist public ownership system. Public ownership cannot be quantified, but common ownership can be quantified to individuals.<br />
<br />
公有也罢,共有也罢,党治国自己是一无所有。<br />
<br />
Whether it is public or common, Dang found that he had nothing.<br />
<br />
他1980年出狱后,到现在已经搬了六次家,这才搬到这间靠着煤山、傍着火车轨道的符合地租规律的农民房里。杜甫当年疾呼:安得广厦千万间,大庇天下寒士俱欢颜。当代寒士党治国和他的父母、儿子的衣物连同他们四个人,加起来用一辆东风三轮就可以拉着跑了。所以尽管东搬西挪地到处借房,倒也不算费事。<br />
<br />
Since he was released from prison in 1980, he has moved six times to this rural house, which was close to a coal mountain, beside the train track and conformed to the law of land rent. Du Fu cried out in those days: Could I get mansions covering ten thousand miles, I'd house all scholars poor and make them beam with smiles. The clothes of the contemporary poor man Dang Zhiguo and his parents and son, together with the four, can be pulled with one Dongfeng motor tricycle. Therefore, although they borrowed houses everywhere, it was not troublesome.<br />
<br />
1986年的中国,城市里居然还有这样穷困的角落。一眼望去,这间屋里不是板子,就是绳子。旧板子搁在长凳上,是党治国和他儿子的床。他父母睡一张借来的旧板床,床腿绑着绳子倒也能站得住。凳子的腿也绑着绳子。破写字桌上,又是用一根白绳子系着一个自己用烟纸卷就的灯罩。<br />
<br />
In China in 1986, there was such a poor corner in the city. At first glance, this room had either planks or ropes. The old plank was on the bench, which was the bed for Dang and his son. His parents slept in a borrowed old bed made of planks, and the legs of the bed can stand with ropes tied. The legs of the stool were also tied with ropes. On the broken writing desk was a lampshade wrapped with cigarette paper and tied with a white rope.<br />
<br />
还有大案板和小板箱。<br />
<br />
There were also big chopping boards and small crates.<br />
<br />
党治国这30年,从精神到肉体的挨板子,从精神到肉体的被捆绑,终算安定下来了,陪伴他的又多是板子和绳子!我只觉ー阵苦楚。<br />
<br />
In the past 30 years, he was beaten from the spirit to the body, and was tied up from the spirit to the body, and he finally settled down. What accompanied by him most were planks and ropes! I only felt a burst of pain.<br />
<br />
恩格斯说过,马克思是最大的经济学家,可是他自己的经济ー团糟。<br />
<br />
Engels said that Marx was the influential economist, but his own economy was bad.<br />
<br />
一位朋友为说话而说话:“今天天气很好。”<br />
<br />
A friend spoke for the sake of talking: "It's a fine day today."<br />
<br />
“1970年的时候,我弟弟唯一的愿望就是但求有个好天气。”党治国说,“当时已经决定判我死刑了。家里人有什么办法?只求能从刑场拉回我的尸体。弟弟借好了架子车,可是我老家韩城离铜川有三四百里地,要是赶上雨天,那一趟泥地够我弟弟拉的!我既然必死无疑,家里人就退ー步只希望有个好天气了。”<br />
<br />
"In 1970, my brother's only wish was to have a good weather." Dang said, "At that time, it was decided to sentence me to death. What can my family do? They just want to pull my body back from the execution ground. My younger brother borrowed a wheelbarrow, but my hometown Hancheng was three or four hundred li away from Tongchuan. If it was a rainy day, it would be difficult for my younger brother to pull the wheelbarrow because of the mud! Now that I will die definitely, my family concede and only hope for a good weather."<br />
<br />
党治国好像在叙述一件与己无关的事。淡淡的。也许他遇到的悲剧太多了? 也许他们韩城人有判刑后发奋的传统?他的书桌旁贴着一幅韩城人司马迁狱中写《史记》的画。党治国在狱中通读《资本论》三遍,自然还读凡能入狱的马、恩、列、 斯、毛的著作。监狱里来了新犯人,每每叫党治国来一个节目——背诵《矛盾论》和《实践论》,一字不差。<br />
<br />
He seemed to make light of a matter that has nothing to do with himself. Maybe he had encountered too many tragedies? Maybe they Hancheng people had a tradition of striving after being sentenced? Next to his desk was a painting of Sima Qian, a native of Hancheng, writing ''Records of the Grand Historian'' in prison. Dang read ''Das Kapital'' three times in prison, and naturally read the works of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin and Mao Zedong who can be imprisoned. When there were new prisoners, they asked Dang to perform every time—he recited ''On Contradiction'' and ''On Practice'' verbatim.<br />
<br />
读书之余便是写作。他这间板子加绳子的屋里,唯一可以进入80年代的,是他妹妹送他的一只红皮箱,箱里全是他写的经济学论文的手稿。在剪刀差、所有制等等的中间,扎眼地珍藏着一部精装本的《简・爱》。这是他第四次买《简・爱》了。抄走一本,再买一本。以他现在还欠债一千来元的经济条件,去买一本不知读过多少遍的小说锁于箱里,足见他对简・爱这个女主角的偏爱了。我不由得望望箱边堆着的脏衣服,那么,箱里的简・爱便是这屋的单身男子的妻了。<br />
<br />
Besides reading, Dang wrote something in his spare time. In his room with planks and ropes, the only thing that can enter the 1980s was a red suitcase given to him by his sister, which was full of manuscripts of his economics papers. In the middle of scissors difference, ownership and so on, a hardcover version of Jane Eyre was conspicuously treasured. This was the fourth time he has bought Jane Eyre. If one was confiscated, he would buy another one. With the economic condition that he was still in debt of about 1,000 yuan, he bought a novel that he had read many times and locked it in a box, which showed his preference for Jane Eyre, the heroine. I couldn't help looking at the dirty clothes piled up by the box, so Jane Eyre in the box was the wife of a single man in this room.<br />
<br />
没有一个个人问题是超越社会平均水平之上的。<br />
<br />
No individual problem is above the average level of society.<br />
<br />
他的个人命运和祖国的命运是完全一致的。<br />
<br />
His personal fate is completely consistent with that of his motherland.<br />
<br />
1957年以前国家是发展的,他个人是顺利的。1957年国家受损失,他个人受挫折。1962年国家开始恢复元气,他摘掉了“右派”帽子。1965年国家兴旺了,他参加了先进技术传播队,能力得到发挥了。十年浩劫,他十年监狱。现在他落实政策不那么顺利,因为国家头绪纷繁、问题严重。<br />
<br />
Before 1957, the country was developing, and everything went smoothly for him. In 1957, the country suffered losses and he suffered personal setbacks. In 1962, when the country began to recover, he took off the hat of "rightist". In 1965, when the country flourished, he joined the advanced technology communication team and brought his ability into full play. During ten years of Cultural Revolution, he spent ten years in prison. At present, his implementation of policies was not so smooth, because the country had too many things to attend to and had serious problems.<br />
<br />
“国家、社会解放的程度,就是我自己解放的程度。只有解放全人类才能解放自己,这对我不是一种思想,而是一种不可逃避的命运。”<br />
<br />
"The degree of national and social liberation is the degree of my own liberation. Only when all mankind are liberated, can I liberate myself. This is not an idea for me, but an inescapable fate."<br />
<br />
这就如同他说的,我们搞社会主义不是因为社会主义优越,而是因为这是一种规律。优越是指方案而言的——哪ー种方案优越。而规律无所谓优越不优越——必须遵循它,早晚得遵循它,不遵循也得遵循!<br />
<br />
As he said, we adopt socialism not because it is superior, but because it is a kind of law. Superiority refers to which scheme is superior. And for the law, it doesn't matter whether it is superior or not—it must be followed, sooner or later, and you have to follow it even if you don’t want to!<br />
<br />
党治国不能说已经获得了彻底的解放,如同我们的生产力也没有从不适合的所有制的束缚下完全解放出来。<br />
<br />
It cannot be said that Dang has been completely liberated, just as our productive forces have not been completely liberated under the shackles of unsuitable ownership.<br />
<br />
“我们固有的体制适合搞政治运动,不适合经济发展。”党治国简直成了一个理论狂人。一开口就是体制、所有制,再不就是说:“你对这个问题怎么看?”<br />
<br />
"Our inherent system is suitable for political movement and not for economic development." Dang Zhiguo has become a theory fanatic. When he spoke, he talked about system and ownership, or said: "What do you think of this problem?"<br />
<br />
党治国咄咄逼人地、愣头愣脑地要人回答这些他整日思考的而别人未必感兴趣的,他以为是最重要的而别人认为是八竿子打不着的,他醉心的而别人无心的, 他津津乐道的而别人无动于衷的问题。<br />
<br />
Aggressively and recklessly, Dang required people to answer some questions that he thought all day long but others may not be interested in, that he thought were the most important but others thought that they were none of their business, that he was obsessed with but others were careless, that he relished but others were indifferent.<br />
<br />
他慷慨陈词,满脸涨红。别人应付他:“唉唉,是呵是呵,啧啧!”再不就是把别人吓得怯怯的,一下子从大人变成了站起来回答老师问题的小学生,讷讷地:“我觉得么……”<br />
<br />
He presented his view vehemently and his face turned red. Others phoned it in: "Alas, yes, oh!" Or he would scare others, and others suddenly change from an adult to an inarticulate primary school student who stands up and answers the teacher's questions. "Well, I think..."<br />
<br />
他满脑门的政治和经济,满脑门的规律和所有制。但别人是凡人,需要了解一些趣闻,一些轶事,一些消息,一些共同感兴趣的现实问题,需要吃喝拉撒睡。<br />
<br />
His mind was full of politics and economy, law and ownership. But others are normal people, and they need to know some interesting stories, anecdotes, news and practical problems of common interest, and they need to eat, drink and sleep.<br />
<br />
而他似乎只需要吃着政治,睡在经济上。他要和他周围一切的人探讨政治经济。他会吸引一些人,也会吓走一些人。<br />
<br />
It seemed that he only needed to eat politics and sleep on economy. He wanted to discuss politics and economy with everyone around him. He would attract some people, but would also scare away some people.<br />
<br />
他的见地每每是独到的,但他过于急切地阐述他的观点,乃至近乎要强加于人。对于“经济”,他的发问更是近乎发难。<br />
<br />
His insights were often original, but he was so eager to expound his views that he almost imposed them on others. As for "economy", his question was almost blame.<br />
<br />
他和一般人不一样,他是有些不一般;他和正常人不一样,他可不是不正常。<br />
<br />
He was different from ordinary people, and he was somewhat unusual; He was different from normal people, but he is sane.<br />
<br />
他关心的正是大众的利益,但是大众未必接受他的关心。<br />
<br />
What he cared about was the interests of the public, but the public may not accept his concern.<br />
<br />
他希望大家都能透过现象关心本质,但是大家往往喜欢谈论现象,而无心顾及本质。谈论现象是一种情绪发泄的需要,顾及本质却需要苦苦地开动大脑。<br />
<br />
He hoped that everyone can care about the essence through the phenomenon, but people often like to talk about the phenomenon, and they don't care about the essence. Talking about phenomena is a need to vent emotions, but taking into account the essence requires thinking hard.<br />
<br />
他不是那种可以用计算机程序计算出来的人。他欠稳妥,欠含蓄,但他“虽有小偏,终有大成”。任何社会变革首先要找到实现变革的社会力量。要打土豪分田地找到了贫农,要打倒老革命找到了红卫兵。今天的改革如小平同志所说是第二次革命,我们需要透辟的经济理论家。<br />
<br />
He is not the kind of person who can be calculated by computer program. He is not that reliable and subtle, but he "will have a big success although he has small shortcomings". Any social change must first find the social forces to realize the change. To fight against landlords, divide fields, we found poor farmers. To defeat the old revolution, we found Red Guards. Today's reform, as Comrade Xiaoping said, is the second revolution, and we need economic theorists with insights.<br />
<br />
我找到了党治国。不过不是我找他,是他先写信给我,打动了我。我采访受苦受难的人的时候,容易掉泪。但不知为什么,采访这个经济状况一团糟的经济理论家的时候,我一滴泪都没有。是他不需要别人同情,还是和他在一起的人都会变得只剩下粗线条了?<br />
<br />
I found Dang Zhiguo. But I didn't look for him, but he wrote to me first and touched me. When I interview people in difficulty, I tend to cry. But somehow, when I interviewed this economic theorist who was in a bad economic situation, I didn't shed a tear. Is it because he doesn't need sympathy from others, or will people who are with him not pay attention to trifles?<br />
<br />
“我不是一个受苦受难的科技人员!不是要人同情的人!”他冲着我大喊,“我是个好汉!是个男子汉!是有思想的!尤其有经济思想!”<br />
<br />
"I am not a scientific and technical personnel in difficulty! I am not a person who needs sympathy!" He shouted at me, "I am a hero! I am a man! I am thoughtful! I especially have economic thinking!"<br />
<br />
思想使党治国永远处于躁动不安的状态中,有时他为了理想忘却了现实,有时现实又催促他去追求理想。前不久他又写完一篇专门探讨所有制的论文:《社会主义所有制关系的发展》。文章观点大胆、新颖、独到。他提出的观点未必就尽善尽美、无懈可击,但是,即使其中包含一些真理的萌芽或片面的真理,也可以活跃我们的思维。“双百”方针实施三十多年了,一个宽松的、发展人们思维成果的环境正在形成。党治国的经济理论的产生和他这个理论狂人的出现,不是偶然的。人为的呼唤和扼杀,不过加速或延缓产生的时间。<br />
<br />
Thought makes Dang in a restless state forever. Sometimes he forgets reality for his ideal, and sometimes reality urges him to pursue his ideal. Not long ago, he finished a paper focusing on ownership: "The Development of Socialist Ownership Relations". The viewpoint of the article is bold, novel and original. His views may not be perfect and impeccable, but even if it contains the beginning of truths or one-sided truths, it can still activate our thinking. The Hundred Flowers Campaign had been implemented for more than 30 years, so a relaxing environment for developing people's thinking achievements was taking shape. The emergence of Dang’s economic theories and him as a theoretical madman are not accidental. Calling and strangling by human beings only speed up or delay the emergence time.<br />
<br />
能不能搞一个共产主义特区?他想。在强大的习惯势力面前,不能都搞先破后立,需要先立后破。只有实践自己的经济理论,把理论立起来,形成强烈对比,才可以春风至而冰雪消。<br />
<br />
Can we set up a communist special zone? He thought. In the face of strong habits, we can't break all fixed modes first and create new ones, but we need to do the opposite. Only by practicing our own economic theory to form a strong contrast can the spring breeze come and the ice and snow disappear.<br />
<br />
他是不是还带有空想的色彩?那么,马克思同志,请允许我提一个问题,您看20世纪80年代中国的改革怎么搞?<br />
<br />
Does he still have the color of fantasy? Then, Comrade Marx, please allow me to ask a question. What do you think of China's reform in 1980s?<br />
<br />
马克思会说,提出这个问题的本身就是错误的。<br />
<br />
Marx would say that it is wrong to ask this question.<br />
<br />
中国的经济体制改革,要靠中国人自己来探索。改革催促着经济理论的发展, 呼唤着经济理论家。<br />
<br />
China's economic system reform depends on the Chinese themselves to explore. Reform urges the development of economic theories and calls for economic theorists.<br />
<br />
终于,《文汇报》上出现了一个醒目的标题:《我们能否贡献一个伟大的经济学家》?文中写道,这个问题对于当代中国“比‘我们能否贡献一个爱因斯坦’或‘能否贡献一个伟大的哲学家和文学家’更为紧迫”。文章又写道:“中国经济体制全面改革的浪潮当是产生伟大经济学家的时代和国度。恰当的时间和地点正呼唤恰当的人。”<br />
<br />
Finally, a striking headline appeared in Wenhui Daily: "Can we contribute a great economist"? The article said that this problem was "more urgent for contemporary China than 'Can we contribute an Einstein' or 'Can we contribute a great philosopher and writer'?" The article added: "The wave of comprehensive reform of China's economic system should be the era and country that produced great economists. The right time and place are calling for the right people."<br />
<br />
“伊索寓言”中有一个说大话的人,吹嘘自己曾经在罗陀斯岛跳得很远。马克思在《路易・波拿巴的五月十八日》一文中引用了这个故事,他说生活本身会大声喊道:(原作名为雾月十八日，而非五月)<br />
<br />
In ''Aesop's Fables'', there was a person blowing his own horn said that he once jumped far on Rhodus Island. Marx quoted this story in the article ''The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte''. He said that life itself would shout:<br />
<br />
这里就是罗陀斯,就在这里跳跃吧！<br />
<br />
Hic Rhodus, hic salta! <br />
<br />
这里就有玫瑰花,就在这里跳舞吧！<br />
<br />
Here is the rose, here dance! <br />
<br />
（原载《人民文学》1986年第7期）<br />
<br />
(Originally published in People's Literature, Issue 7, 1986)</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_02&diff=155870Report CN EN 022023-06-14T16:27:14Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：4.船长 Volume1: 4.Master */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Liao Lujia=<br />
==卷一：4.船长 Volume1: 4.Master==<br />
<br />
Master,直译是船长或主人。那么,对他,贝汉廷,怎样译更确切呢?<br />
<br />
Master is literally translated as 船长 or 主人. However, how can we translate it more accurately for him, Bei Hanting?<br />
<br />
Master is literally translated as 船长 or 主人. However, how can we translate it more accurately for him, Bei Hanting?<br />
<br />
我站在“汉川号”的驾驶台甲板上凭栏远眺,深深地思索着。海风迎面扑来, 新鲜而又湿润。远处,是神秘莫测的大海;近处,海鸥在我的脚下飞翔……<br />
<br />
I stand on the bridge deck of the Hanchuan and look out from the fence, thinking deeply. The sea breeze comes head-on, fresh and moist. In the distance, it is the mysterious sea; nearby, seagulls fly under my feet...<br />
<br />
I stand on the navigation deck of the Hanchuan and look out from the fence, thinking deeply. The sea breeze comes head-on, fresh and moist. In the distance, it is the mysterious sea; nearby, seagulls fly under my feet...<br />
<br />
刚才,在和海员们的谈话中,有什么搅动了我的心,为了掩饰我的泪水,我才离开船舱。但现在,在这蓝天与大海之间,我仍然不能平静,思绪的波涛追逐着海水,去得很远很远……（I change 冈才 with 刚才）<br />
<br />
Just now, in the conversation with the seafarers, something stirred my heart. I leave the cabin in order to hide my tears. But now, between the blue sky and the sea, I still can't calm down. The waves of thoughts chase the sea and go far away…<br />
<br />
Just now, in the conversation with the seafarers, something stirred my heart. I leave the cabin in order to hide my tears. But now, between the blue sky and the sea, I still can't calm down. The waves of thoughts chase the sea and go far away…<br />
<br />
不知怎么,我ー下子离开主题,忽然想起二十多年前我给小读者写的一首诗, 告诉他们什么叫作海员。<br />
<br />
Somehow, I digress from the subject and suddenly remember a poem I wrote to young readers more than 20 years ago, telling them what a seaman was.<br />
<br />
Somehow, I digress from the subject and suddenly remember a poem I wrote to young readers more than 20 years ago, telling them what a seaman was.<br />
<br />
我不禁噙泪而笑了。那时我是那样年轻,在生活的海洋里几乎未经沉浮,我懂得海员吗?那时的小读者今天应该也是三十多岁的人了,他们怕也有自己的孩子了。经历过十多年的狂飙巨浪,他们还像儿时那样天真地向往海洋吗?天真,也许 是消失了,但向往——还应该向往。那么,就让我再给他们讲一个海员的故事吧!（I change 嚙 with 噙）<br />
<br />
I couldn't help laughing with tears. At that time, I was so young and hardly experienced ups and downs in the ocean of life. Did I know seafarers? The young readers at that time should be in their thirties today, and I guess they have had their own children. After experiencing more than ten years of surging waves, do they still yearn for the ocean as naively as they did when they were children? Innocence may have disappeared, but yearning should still exist. Then, let me tell them another story about a seaman!<br />
<br />
I couldn't help laughing with tears. At that time, I was so young and hardly experienced ups and downs in the ocean of life. Did I know seafarers? The young readers at that time should be in their thirties today, and they may have their own children. After experiencing more than ten years of surging waves, do they still yearn for the ocean as naively as they did when they were children? Innocence may have disappeared, but yearning should still exist. Then, let me tell them another story about a seaman!<br />
<br />
讲ー个海员,ー个水手,ー个船长,ー个master的真实的故事吧……<br />
<br />
I will tell a true story of a seaman, a sailor, a captain and a master...<br />
<br />
I will tell a true story of a seaman, a sailor, a captain and a master...<br />
<br />
汉堡港的变奏<br />
<br />
Variations on the Port of Hamburg<br />
<br />
Variations on the Port of Hamburg<br />
<br />
汉堡港是美丽的。岸上,一幢幢红色和黄色的建筑物;港口,碧蓝的海水翻卷着银白的浪花……<br />
<br />
Port of Hamburg was beautiful. On the shore, red and yellow buildings could be seen. In the port, the turquoise sea water rolled over the white waves...<br />
<br />
The Port of Hamburg was beautiful. On the shore, there were red and yellow buildings. In the port, the turquoise sea water rolled over the white waves...<br />
<br />
汉堡港是忙碌的。每天来来往往,穿梭着各国的船舶,码头上吊杆起落……但工人的脚步是稳重的,德国人原是出名的有秩序。ー百多年来,汉堡港早就形成了 自己的节奏ーー有条不紊,按部就班,寓丰富于单纯,多变化而又精密……就像成熟的乐队演奏熟悉的乐曲。<br />
<br />
The Port of Hamburg was busy. In it were ships shuttling from all over the world, and the suspenders on the docks rising and falling... But the workers' footsteps are steady, because the Germans were famous for their order. For more than 100 years, Port of Hamburg has formed its own rhythm in an orderly manner, which was content-rich but simple, varied but precise… Just like a mature band playing familiar music.<br />
<br />
The Port of Hamburg was busy. Ships shuttled from here to other countries, and the suspenders on the docks rose and fell... But the workers' footsteps were steady, because the Germans were famous for their order. For more than 100 years, the Port of Hamburg had formed its own rhythm in an orderly manner, which was content-rich but simple, varied but precise… Just like a mature band playing familiar music.<br />
<br />
但,有一次,汉堡港竟改变了它正常的节奏:港口、码头、装卸公司、服务公司频 繁来往,电话不断;货主、代理、大小工头、理货组长和工人们都激动不已,甚至连正 好停泊在港口、有尊严而又自信的十几个老船长也打破常规,开了一条小艇,集体下海去了。<br />
<br />
However, on one occasion, Port of Hamburg changed its normal rhythm: ports, docks, loading and unloading companies and service companies frequently came and went, and telephone calls continued; shippers, agents, foremen, chief tallymen and workmen were so excited that even a dozen dignified and confident old masters, who happened to moor their ships in the port, broke the routine and sailed a small boat and went to the sea.<br />
<br />
However, on one occasion, the Port of Hamburg changed its normal rhythm: ports, docks, loading and unloading companies and service companies frequently came and went, and the telephone call was ceaseless; shippers, agents, foremen, chief tallymen and workmen were so excited and even a dozen dignified and confident old masters, who happened to moor their ships in the port, broke the routine and sailed a small boat and went to the sea.<br />
<br />
是什么引起了这骚动呢?台风吗?惊涛骇浪吗?都不是。一百多年的港口了,任何风浪都改变不了它的节奏。<br />
<br />
What caused the commotion? Typhoon? The stormy waves? Neither. A port with more than 100-year history was not susceptible to any wind or waves.<br />
<br />
What caused the commotion? Typhoon? Stormy waves? Neither. A port with more than 100-year history was not susceptible to any wind or waves.<br />
<br />
使得汉堡港变奏的,说也奇怪,是一条船,就是中国远洋公司上海分公司的这艘远洋货轮——“汉川号”。<br />
<br />
What made it change, strange to say, was a ship. That was the ocean-going freighter Hanchuan belonging to Shanghai Branch of China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company.<br />
<br />
What made it change, strange to say, was a ship. That was the ocean-going freighter "Hanchuan" belonging to Shanghai Branch of China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company.<br />
<br />
码头上人头攒动,指指点点,“汉川”“汉川”之声不绝。有的人还特地带了老婆孩子来参观,说是让他们见见世面。明媚的阳光,彩色的裙衫,童声稚气的欢笑, 一下子使得汉堡港这支一百多年的古曲,焕发出青春的明丽,奏出了奇异而动人的旋律。<br />
<br />
The dock was jam-packed with people, who were pointing and shouting "Hanchuan" endlessly. Some people even brought their wives and children to see the elephant. Bright sunshine, colorful skirts and childish laughter suddenly made Port of Hamburg, an ancient song for more than 100 years, glow with youthful beauty and play a bizarre and moving melody.<br />
<br />
The dock was jam-packed with people, who were pointing and shouting "Hanchuan" endlessly. Some people even brought their wives and children to see the elephant. Bright sunshine, colorful skirts and childish laughter suddenly made the Port of Hamburg, an ancient song with the history of more than a hundred years, glow with youthful beauty and play a bizarre and moving melody.<br />
<br />
这是1978年4月的一个星期天。<br />
<br />
It was a Sunday in April 1978.<br />
<br />
It was a Sunday in April 1978.<br />
<br />
故事却要从3月说起……<br />
<br />
But the story begins in March...<br />
<br />
But the story began in March...<br />
<br />
3月21日,“汉川号”在驶欧途中接到公司电报,返航时在汉堡港装运天津化纤厂成套设备,国内急用!<br />
<br />
On March 21st, the Hanchuan received a telegram from its company on its way to Europe, and it was asked to ship complete sets of equipment for Tianjin Chemical Fiber Factory in Port of Hamburg when returning home, because it was urgently needed in China!<br />
<br />
On March 21st, the Hanchuan received a telegram from its company on its way to Europe, and it was asked to ship a complete set of equipment for Tianjin Chemical Fiber Factory in the Port of Hamburg when it returned, because the equipment was urgently needed in China!<br />
<br />
但抵港之后,港口却给安排了一些杂货。原来代理认为中国船根本运不了这套设备,因为这套设备极不规则,很多都是超长、超高、超重件,且又贵重,其中任何 ー个部件有任何一点损坏或漏运,都会误工误时,造成严重损失。何况按照惯例, 港口从来都把贵重的成套设备交给他们认为工效最高的德国船运。当然,这些话并未直说,说的是:“这套设备任何一条船也装不下,‘汉川号’尽可以运别的货嘛。”<br />
<br />
But after arriving in the port, they were arranged some groceries. Originally, the agent thought that Chinese ships could not transport this set of equipment at all, because it was extremely irregular, and many of them were super-long, super-high, overweight and expensive. Any damage or missed shipment of any parts would cause serious losses. Besides, by convention, ports always hand over valuable complete sets of equipment to German ships that they think are the most efficient. Of course, agents did not say that directly, but said: "This set of equipment can't be put in any ship. Why doesn’t Hanchuan transport other goods?"<br />
<br />
But after arriving at the port, it was arranged some groceries. It turned out that the agent thought that the Chinese ship could not transport this set of equipment at all, because it was extremely irregular, and many of them were super-long, super-high, overweight and expensive. Any damage or missed shipment of any parts would delay the work and waste time, causing serious losses. Besides, by convention, ports always hand over valuable complete sets of equipment to German ships they think are the most efficient. Of course, the agent did not say that directly, but said: "Any ship is too small to hold this set of equipment. The Hanchuan can transport other goods."<br />
<br />
但是,以贝汉廷为首的“汉川号”还认准了非装这批货不可!理由嘛:一是国内急需;二是成套设备运输费高;三是你外国人能做的,我们中国人就也能做,凭什么小看人！当然,这话也没直说,说的是：“谢谢你们的好意,但是我们可以一船装走。我们行!”<br />
<br />
However, the Hanchuan headed by Bei Hanting held that this batch of goods must be loaded! Reasons are as follows: First, it is urgently needed in China; Second, the transportation cost of complete sets of equipment is high; Third, what you foreigners can do, we Chinese can also do, so why underestimate people! Of course, these words were not spitted out. They were: Thank you for your kindness, but we can load it in one boat. We can do it!"<br />
<br />
However, the Hanchuan headed by Bei Hanting insisted that it must load this batch of goods! Reasons were as follows: First, it is urgently needed in China; Second, the transportation cost of a complete set of equipment is high; Third, what you foreigners can do, we Chinese can also do, so why underestimate us! Of course, these words were not spitted out. They said: "Thank you for your kindness, but we can load it in one ship. We can do it!"<br />
<br />
行不行,这可不像国内搞大批判、揪“走资派”那么容易。只要戴上袖章,抢过话筒,哇里哇啦喊一通,谁帽子大、上纲高,谁就胜利。这可是国际港口,面对的都是专家,ー张嘴就知道你有多少斤两,空话、大话引来的只有讪笑。何况这是航海, 是科学,大海可不是被剥夺了一切权利的“走资派”,大海是要发言的,稍有一点儿 不实事求是,不科学,它就要惩罚你！就会让你船覆货沉,葬身鱼腹。因此,这个“行”字可是一字千金,开不得半点儿玩笑！<br />
<br />
It was not as easy as criticizing others massively and finding capitalist roaders in China. As long as you put on your armband, grab the microphone, shout loudly, have great power and regard the problem as class conflicts, you will win. However, this was an international port, and all of them faced experts. They would know your ability when you said something. Empty talk and big talk only attracted laughter. Besides, this was about navigation and science. The sea was not a capitalist roader deprived of all rights. The sea wanted to speak. If you didn’t think of the real situation and science, it will punish you! It will make your ship sink and the goods fall in the belly of a fish. Therefore, the sentence "We can do it" was full of pearls of wisdom, which couldn’t be a joke!<br />
<br />
It was not as easy as criticizing others massively and uncovering capitalist roaders in China. As long as you put on your armband, grab the microphone, shout loudly, have great power and regard the problems as class conflicts, you will win. However, this was an international port, and what they faced were all experts. They would know your ability when you said something. Empty talk and big talk only attracted laughter. Besides, this was about navigation and science. The sea was not a capitalist roader deprived of all rights. The sea would speak. If you didn’t think of the real situation and science, it would punish you! It would make your ship sink and the goods fall into the belly of fish. Therefore, the sentence "We can do it" was full of pearls of wisdom, and there was no joking about it!<br />
<br />
贝汉廷是有名的老船长了,他坚持说“行”,外国人也不得不掂量掂量,于是ー 伸手说:“拿来！”“什么？”“配载图。”贝汉廷微笑着摊开了图纸。行家搭眼一看就愣住了,不由得脱口说了一个“好”！<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was a famous old master. He insisted on saying "yes", and foreigners had to ponder it, so they reached out and said, "Give me!", "What?" "Cargo plan." Bei Hanting smiled and spread out the drawing. The experts were stunned when they looked at it, and couldn't help blurting out "good"!<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was a famous old master. He insisted on saying "can", and foreigners had to ponder it, so they reached out and said, "Give me!" "What?" "Cargo plan." Bei Hanting spread out the drawing with a smile. The experts were stunned when they looked at it, and couldn't help blurting out "good"!<br />
<br />
这是一幅何等详尽的配载图啊!图上布满了密密麻麻的图形和数字,成千上万个部件,不仅各有各的装载部位,而且件件有尺码,有重量,有体积,件件有标号。<br />
<br />
What a detailed cargo plan this was! The drawing was full of figures and numbers, and thousands of parts. It not only had their own loading parts, but also had sizes, weights, volumes and labels.<br />
<br />
What a detailed cargo plan it was! The drawing was full of figures and numbers. Thousands of parts not only had their own loading positions, but also all had sizes, weights, volumes and labels.<br />
<br />
可怎么有几件甲板货高出了船舱,伸出了船舷?这可是不安全的吧?……<br />
<br />
But how can several deck cargo be higher than the cabin and extend out of the port and starboard? This was not safe, was it?<br />
<br />
But how can several deck cargos be higher than the cabin and extend out of the ship's rail? It was not safe, was it? ...<br />
<br />
谁知贝汉廷笑嘻嘻地说出了到达、离港及航行中最佳、最差稳心的全部计算数据,同时还分析了4月的沿途气候:英吉利海峡怎样,直布罗陀海峡如何;比斯开湾及北大西洋的冬季风暴已过,地中海也如此;印度洋虽长期平均六七级风,但此刻 西南季风盛行的季节还未开始……沿途均属无风暴间隙,正是一年里航海的黄金季节。当然,也可能出现最坏情况,那就是印度洋阿拉伯海南部东经60度以东提前开始西南季风,可能出现八九级大风,那也没关系,我们可以采取改变航向、变更 航速、减轻正面迎风及开慢车等ー系列技术措施嘛!<br />
<br />
It was surprised that Bei Hanting smiled and said all the calculation data of the best and worst metacenter in arrival, departure and navigation, and also analyzed the climate along the way in April: what is the English Channel and the Strait of Gibraltar; Winter storms have passed in the Bay of Biscay and the North Atlantic, as have the Mediterranean; Although the Indian Ocean has a long-term average of strong breeze and near gale, the season when the southwest monsoon prevails has not yet started... There is no storm gap along the way, which is the golden season of sailing in a year. Of course, the worst case may occur, that is, the southwest monsoon starts ahead of schedule to the east of 60 degrees east longitude in the southern Arabian Sea of the Indian Ocean, and there may be fresh gale or strong gale. It doesn't matter. We can take a series of technical measures such as changing course and speed, reducing frontal windward and sailing slowly!<br />
<br />
It was surprised that Bei Hanting smiled and said all the calculation data of the best and worst metacenter in arrival, departure and navigation, and also analyzed the climate along the route in April: how is the English Channel and the Strait of Gibraltar; Winter storms have passed in the Bay of Biscay and the North Atlantic, as has the Mediterranean; Although the Indian Ocean has a long-term average of strong breeze or near gale, the season when the southwest monsoon prevails has not yet started... There is no storm gap along the route, which is the golden season of sailing in a year. Of course, the worst case may occur, that was, the southwest monsoon starts ahead of schedule to the east of 60 degrees east longitude in the southern Arabian Sea of the Indian Ocean, and there may be fresh gale or strong gale. It doesn't matter. We can take a series of technical measures such as changing course and speed, reducing frontal windward and sailing slowly!<br />
<br />
好一个贝汉廷!这哪里是什么配载图及其注释,简直是一份科学报告!德国 人不由得伸出手拍着贝汉廷的肩说:“祝贺你有个好大副。”贝汉廷彬彬有礼地躬 了一下身说:“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
What a knowledgeable man! This was not a cargo plan and its annotations, but a scientific report! The German couldn't help reaching out and patting Bei Hanting on the shoulder and saying, "Congratulations on having a good chief officer." Bei Hanting bowed politely and said, "Thank you."<br />
<br />
What a knowledgeable man! This was not a cargo plan and its annotations, but a scientific report! The German couldn't help reaching out and patting Bei Hanting on the shoulder and saying, "Congratulations on having a good chief officer." Bei Hanting bowed politely and said, "Thank you."<br />
<br />
德国人哪里想得到,这张配载图早已超出了大副的业务范围,它是船长、政委、大副和所有技术力量27个不眠之夜的结晶。是他们,利用卸货期每天拿着尺子跑 码头,将货物一件件量了过来,并根据船舱甲板所有部位的不同形状、结构及负荷, 经过反复的核算和排列,求出了这种最合理的配载方案。<br />
<br />
The Germans can’t figure out that this cargo plan has long been beyond the business scope of the chief officer. It is the fruit of 27 sleepless nights of master, the secretary of the commissar, chief officer and all technical forces. It was they who ran to the dock with a ruler every day during the unloading period, measured the goods one by one, and worked out the most reasonable stowage scheme after repeated accounting and arrangement according to the different shapes, structures and loads of all parts of the cabin deck.<br />
<br />
The Germans couldn't figure out that this cargo plan had long been beyond the business scope of the chief officer. It was the fruit of 27 sleepless nights of the master, the secretary of the commissar, the chief officer and all technical forces. It was they who ran to the dock with a ruler every day during the unloading period, measured the goods one by one, and worked out the most reasonable stowage scheme after they repeated accounting and arrangement according to the different shapes, structures and loads of all parts of the cabin deck.<br />
<br />
那些日子里,全船像要参加国际棋赛ー样,把货舱、甲板的布置图纸（1：100）贴在木板上,把货物按比例缩小做成硬纸模型,反复组合,这盘特殊的“棋”足足对弈了几百次…… <br />
<br />
In those days, workers in the whole ship seemed to participate in the international chess game. They pasted the layout drawings of the cargo hold and deck (1: 100) on the wooden board, and the cargo was scaled down to make a cardboard model, which was repeatedly combined. This special chess was played hundreds of times...<br />
<br />
In those days, workers on the whole ship seemed to participate in the international chess game. They pasted the layout drawings of the hold and deck (1: 100) on the wooden board, and the cargos were scaled down to a cardboard model, which was repeatedly combined. This special chess was played hundreds of times...<br />
<br />
代理不知道,但他被科学说服了,于是开始装货。<br />
<br />
The agent didn't know, but he was persuaded by science, so he started loading up.<br />
<br />
The agent didn't know it, but he was persuaded by the science, so he started loading up.<br />
<br />
一号工头吉亚特是个有几十年工龄的行家里手,两撇小胡子,矮小而精明,极有本事又看不起中国人。“汉川号”的大副根本指挥不动他。<br />
<br />
Gyatt, a lead foreman, was an expert with decades of length of service. He was short and shrewd, with a moustache on his face, and despised Chinese people. The chief officer of Hanchuan couldn't command him at all.<br />
<br />
在装第三舱时,吉亚特自作主张将其中两个大件不按配载图装。贝汉廷接到 报告后匆匆赶到现场与他理论时,エ头满不在乎地拍着胸脯说:“我有把握!”<br />
<br />
When loading the third cabin, Gyatt took the initiative to load two large pieces without following the cargo plan. When Bei Hanting hurried to the scene to argue with him after receiving the report, he patted his chest carelessly and said, "I am sure!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷再三劝阻他:“这样你会被动的。”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting repeatedly dissuaded him: "Then you will be in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
吉亚特翘着小胡子说:“我从来没有被动过。”<br />
<br />
Gyatt said with his moustache cocking, "I have never been in a dilemma."<br />
<br />
“如果最后装不下,由你重装,误エ误期一切损失由你负责。”<br />
<br />
"If it can't be installed in the end, you will reload them, and you will be responsible for all the losses caused by the delay."<br />
<br />
“那是自然。”吉亚特说。<br />
<br />
"Of course." Gyatt said.<br />
<br />
一天过去了,两天过去了,第三天吉亚特满头大汗地来找贝汉廷:果然,ー个 16米的大件放不下去了,硬放下去也关不上舱盖,而不关舱盖是不能启航的,何况舱盖上早已计划好了配载别的货物呢！贝汉廷早已有话在先,这一下,骄傲的工头可卡了壳啦!支部动员了全船的技术力量,重新修正部分配载,在中德两国工人的 共同努力下,最后把一个大件的包装木箱锯掉了一个角,用四个铲车斜着铲了进去,稳稳当当地盖上了舱盖。在场的工人都拍手称好,大叫“精彩”。小胡子吉亚特摊开双手,耸了耸肩说：“太奇妙了 !这些货简直是按你们船舱的尺码定做的!”从此他客气得不得了,工人装货尺寸稍有出入,他立即纠正说：“不,不,请按配载图!”<br />
<br />
One day passed. Two days passed. And on the third day, Gyatt, sweating profusely, came to Bei Hanting. Without doubt, a 16-meter-long piece could not be put down, and the hatch cover could not be closed if it was put down forcefully, and it was impossible to set sail without closing the hatch cover, not to mention that other goods had already been planned on the hatch cover! Bei Hanting had already said something first, so the proud foreman was in a dilemma! The branch mobilized the technical force of the whole ship and revised part of the stowage. With the joint efforts of Chinese and German workers, it finally sawed off a corner of a large packing wooden box, shoveled it in obliquely with four forklifts, and covered the hatch cover firmly. All the workers on the scene clapped their hands and shouted "wonderful". Moustache Gyatt spread out his hands, shrugged his shoulders and said, "It's fantastic! These goods are simply customized according to the size of your cabin!" From then on, he was extremely polite, and when the loading conducted by workers was different, he immediately corrected and said, "No, no, please load according to the cargo plan!"<br />
<br />
货装妥了。代理等人纷纷上船祝贺,一致说：“像这样的货,我们德国有经验的 老水手也绑不好,何况贵船海员多是新手。这么娇贵的货,弄坏一件可不得了哇!这船货,你们公司发财了,光运费就200多万外汇。花几个绑扎费也值得。”<br />
<br />
After the goods had been loaded, agents and others boarded the ship to congratulate one after another, and unanimously said, "We experienced old sailors in Germany can't tie goods like this, not to mention that most sailors on your ship are novices. It's terrible to break one of such delicate goods! With this cargo, your company has made a fortune, and the freight alone is more than 2 million foreign exchanges. It is worthwhile to spend more binding fees."<br />
<br />
但是,“汉川号”仍然决定自己来绑扎:一是自己绑的货心中有数,便于途中检查;二是我国远洋事业在飞速发展,正好借此锤炼海员;三呢,绑扎费用要好几万马克,船员们舍不得。于是ー场绑扎大战开始了。<br />
<br />
However, workers in the Hanchuan still decided to bind themselves. First, the goods tied by themselves are familiar for them, which is convenient for inspection on the way; Second, China's ocean-going industry is developing rapidly, so it’s a good chance for seafarers; Third, the binding fees is tens of thousands DM, and the crew are short of cash. So a binding war began.<br />
<br />
有的同志背拉着50多米的钢丝绳爬上了6米高的圆锅炉;有的钻到货物下面仰身安装克莱姆;有的在装得满满的、侧身难行的货物间来回运送绑扎材料;有的用墨线一一记下货物位置,以便在风浪中随时检查有无移位……手勒肿了,不哼一声;人累瘦了,不肯休息;年轻的小泮磕掉了门牙也在所不惜。这一切的一切,都是为了在“四化”的储蓄罐里投下一枚枚外汇!<br />
<br />
Some workers climbed the 6-meter-high round boiler with more than 50 meters of wire rope on their backs; Some squeezed through the goods and installed Clem by laying upon their backs; Some transported binding materials back and forth between full goods that were difficult for people to walk sideways; Some used ink lines to write down the position of the goods so as to check whether there was displacement at any time in the wind and waves... Although their hands were swollen, they didn’t complain ; Although they lost weight because of tiredness, they refused to rest. Young Pan knocked out his front teeth for binding regardless of the cost. All this was to cast foreign exchanges in the piggy bank of the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
绑扎前验货师曾再三威胁说:绑扎不合格绝不发证书。第一天,贝船长陪他检验一遭,共同找出了几处毛病,他摇了摇头,大不以为然。但是,从第二天起,他就再也找不出毛病了。第三天,他竟然未等绑扎完毕就开来了检货证明,并且声称他已不必再到船上来了,因为贝船长的要求比他更严格。他说:“这样的绑法在海上 船摇三四十度也不会出问题,我相信我的眼睛。”<br />
<br />
Before binding, the inspector repeatedly stressed that the certificate would never be issued if the binding was unqualified. On the first day, Master Bei accompanied him to inspect and found out several problems together. He shook his head and disagreed. However, from the next day, he couldn't find anything wrong. On the third day, he sent the inspection certificate before the binding was finished, and claimed that he didn't have to come to the ship again because Captain Bai was more strict. He said: "This binding method will not cause problems even when the ship tilts 30 or 40 degrees at sea. I believe my eyes."<br />
<br />
“汉川号”就是这样引起了汉堡港的变奏,为我国的海员,为我们的祖国争得了荣誉。<br />
<br />
This is how the Hanchuan caused the variation of the Port of Hamburg, and won honor for our seafarers and our motherland.<br />
<br />
于是就来到了 4月的那个明媚的星期天。在妇女和孩子的欢呼声中,那个交通小艇坐得满满的,绕着“汉川号”转,为的是让行家的眼睛记下“汉川号”甲板配 载的各个角度。他们不断地发出赞叹之声,好像着迷的观众围在舞台四周对心爱的艺术家喝彩一样。<br />
<br />
So it came to the bright Sunday in April. Amid the cheers of women and children, the traffic boat was full and turned around the Hanchuan, so that the experts could remember the various angles of the deck stowage of the Hanchuan. They kept making sounds of admiration, as if fascinated audience gathered around the stage to cheer for their beloved artists.<br />
<br />
而引起如此轰动的“汉川号”船长贝汉廷不但没有频频谢幕,反而连面也没露,他满头大汗地躲在船舱里和政委、大副们ー起商量怎样婉谢一定要上船拍照的报社和电视台的记者。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, the master of the Hanchuan, who caused such a sensation, not only did not show his gratitude frequently, but did not even appear. He hid in the cabin sweating profusely and discussed with the secretary of the commissars and chief officer how to decline the reporters of newspapers and TV stations who must take pictures on board.<br />
<br />
“今天想起来,是多么愚蠢啊!拒绝人家给我们免费宣传。”贝汉廷笑着对我说可那会儿,思想就是没解放嘛!当然,后来在我们离港时,他们还是从雷达站上进行了拍照,而且登在报上说:‘这是汉堡港ー百多年没有过的……’”<br />
<br />
"How stupid it is to think of it today! Refuse them to promote us for free." Bei Hanting said to me with a smile, “but at that time, we don’t emancipate the mind! When we left the port later, however, they took photos from the radar station and published them in the newspaper, saying, ‘This is not seen in the Port of Hamburg for more than 100 years...' "<br />
<br />
他挥挥手,不肯说那些赞美之词,怎么也不肯。<br />
<br />
He waved his hand and refused to say those compliments, not at all.<br />
<br />
从南市来的孩子<br />
<br />
Children from Nanshi District<br />
<br />
人们说:搞远洋航行的人,应该像大海一样渊博,应该既是航海家,又是科学家,还是艺术家……<br />
<br />
People say that those who sail in the ocean should be as knowledgeable as the sea, and should be navigators, scientists and artists...<br />
<br />
在没有见到贝汉廷时,我曾猜测过他的相貌。见了面之后,我觉得他——也像,也不像。像,他确实有点科学家的味道,讲起话来有根有据,像计算机一样精确,又像水银一样灵敏。不像嘛,那么小小的个子,穿着一件破衬衫、一条短裤（据说要一直穿到下雪）,待人彬彬有礼,哪里像个威严的船长呢!<br />
<br />
Before I saw Bei Hanting, I guessed his appearance. After meeting him, I think he is like a scientist, and is not like a scientist. For the former one, he does have the temperament of a scientist. His words hold water and are as accurate as a computer and as sensitive as mercury. For the latter one, he is such a small man, wearing a broken shirt and shorts (which are said to be worn until it snows), and is polite to others, which has no relationship with a master living in dignity!<br />
<br />
我知道他受过很好的教育,是老交通大学航海系的学生,是我们最早的几艘远洋轮的船长之一,有很丰富的航海知识,能说很流利的英语,但他是怎样,又是为什么走向大海的呢?<br />
<br />
I know that he is highly educated, and a student of the navigation department of the old Shanghai Jiao Tong University, as he is one of the captains of our earliest ocean-going ships. He has rich navigation knowledge and can speak fluent English. But how and why did he go to the sea?<br />
<br />
“我生在上海,从小在南市长大。南市,晓得吗?”<br />
<br />
"I was born in Shanghai and grew up in Nanshi. Do you know it?"<br />
<br />
南市吗?晓得的。那是共和国成立前上海比较贫困的商业区。小商小贩很多,文化比较落后……随着他的叙述,我想起了那里泥泞的街道,狭窄的店铺,流里流气的白相人,还有衣衫褴褛、面有菜色的黄包车夫和苦力……<br />
<br />
Nanshi? I know. It was a poor business district in Shanghai before the founding of the People’s Republic of China. There were many small business hawkers, and the culture was relatively backward... With his narration, I think of muddy streets, narrow shops, frivolous white people, peaky rickshaw drivers and coolies with rags...<br />
<br />
“我最小,哥哥姐姐都只上过ー两年小学。后来哥哥做工了,他拼命要让我上学,为这,母亲十分不愿意呢!小学毕业了,在南市就不得了啦,还要上中学!亲戚 朋友都没听说过。可是哥哥坚持,他后来在一个研究院工作,看见过科学家,他认定了科学和文化会给人光明。他一定要让我考中学,而且必须考有名的上海中学。”于是这个从南市来的瘦小而机灵的孩子就这样跨进了中学的大门。上海中学当时是大名鼎鼎的,来上学的多是书香门第和名流的子女。这些孩子学习基础好, 文化素养高。小贝汉廷是多么惊奇地看着有的同学大笔一挥就写出那样优美的作文,老师拿来就在全班朗读。他又是那样羡慕那些数学动不动就拿120分、年年考第一的同学。但是他,贝汉廷,惊奇而不泄气,羡慕而不妒忌。因为哥哥告诉他:身边老有需要追赶的人,就好像道路上老有遥远的路标。它永远召唤你,提醒你——人,是有潜力的,有使你自己都惊奇的潜力呢！于是,小贝汉廷ー步步地追赶着,后来简直是奔跑起来了。<br />
<br />
"I am the youngest, and my brother and sister have only attended primary school for one or two years. Later, my brother find a job, and he tried his best to let me go to school. For this, my mother was very reluctant! The graduation from a primary school is a big deal in Nanshi, and I will go to middle school! No relatives or friends have heard of it. But my brother insist that, because he later work in a research institute and saw scientists. He believe that science and culture would give people a bright future. He must let me take an examination of middle school, and the examination of famous middle schools in Shanghai." So this thin and clever child from Nanshi stepped into the gate of middle school. Shanghai Middle School was famous at that time, and most of the students who came to it were children of scholarly families and celebrities. These children have a good learning foundation and high cultural accomplishment. Little Bei Hanting was surprised to see some students write such beautiful compositions, and the teacher took them to read aloud in the whole class. He really admired those students who easily got 120 points in mathematics and got the first place in the exam every year. But he, Bei Hanting, was surprised but not discouraged, envious but not jealous. Because his brother told him: There are always people around who need to catch up, just like there are always distant road signs on the road. They will always call you and remind you that people have potential, and the potential will even surprise yourself! So he chased them step by step, and then he ran to catch up with them.<br />
<br />
到了高中,学校分理、工、商科了。妈妈多么希望自己的小儿子能去学商啊！上海中学的商科,各大写字间都抢着要呢。ー个从南市来的孩子能坐进任何一个写字间都是难以想象的幸福啊!因为那就意味着温饱解决了。<br />
<br />
In high school, there were science, engineering and business. How a mother wished her little son could study business! Students learning business in Shanghai Middle School were needed in many office buildings. It was unimaginable happiness for a child from Nanshi to sit in any office building! Because that meant he was free from the worries of food and clothing.<br />
<br />
但小贝汉廷又一次违背了母亲的意愿,毅然地选择了理科。因为奔跑得越快, 视野就越开阔,知识给人以信心和力量。为什么飞机会飞、火车会跑?为什么瓦特要追求蒸汽机,哥伦布要寻找新大陆?为什么李斯特的《革命挽歌》那样悲怆,契诃夫的《海鸥》忧郁得那样令人窒息,而高尔基的《母亲》却又那样的有力?原来世界上除了老板和学徒、掠夺者和奴才之外还有一种人,这种人不断地追求光明,使人类摆脱愚昧,为生活插上彩色的翅膀,给历史创造奇迹……<br />
<br />
But Little Bei Hanting once again went against his mother's wishes and resolutely chose science. Because the faster you run, the wider your vision is, and knowledge gives people confidence and strength. Why do planes fly and trains run? Why did Watt pursue the steam engine and Columbus seek the New World? Why is Liszt's Revolutionary Elegy so sad, Chekhov's The Seagull so suffocating, and Gorky's Mother so powerful? It turns out that in addition to bosses and apprentices, predators and slaves, there is another kind of person in the world, who constantly pursues light, makes human beings get rid of ignorance, inserts colorful wings for life, and creates miracles for history...<br />
<br />
世界因有这样的人而更加美好,人类因有这样的创造性劳动者而拉开了和低级动物的距离。小贝汉廷是多么希望也成为这样的人啊!既然生活还有另ー个 界,他就要顽强地向那里迈步,拼了命也要飞跃到那里……<br />
<br />
The world is better because of such people, and there are differences between human beings and animals because of such creative workers. How little Bei Hanting wished to be such a person! Since there is another realm in life, he will go there tenaciously and run to there at any cost...<br />
<br />
是的,生活和感情都是有不同的境界的,而攀登的每ー步都要付出汗水、心血和力气。小贝汉廷那时是多么恨他的英文老师啊,每星期要背ー课（不是读,而是背）,那么一年就要背52课,真是头也背晕了。可是一年、两年、三年过去,等他能直接阅读莎士比亚和惠特曼时,生活在他面前又展示了一个多么瑰丽的天地……<br />
<br />
Yes, life and feelings have different realms, and every step of going forward requires sweat, painstaking efforts and strength. How much Little Bei Hanting hated his English teacher at that time. He had to recite a lesson every week (not reading, but reciting), so he had to recite 52 lessons a year, which was really dizzy. But after one year, two years and three years, life showed him what a magnificent world when he can read Shakespeare and Whitman directly...<br />
<br />
而到了现在,当他能用流利的英语、法语在各个港口向外国友人表达中国人民 的情意,同德国人谈歌德、贝多芬、舒曼,同俄国人谈契诃夫、托尔斯泰、柴可夫斯基,同英国人谈拜伦、莎士比亚,同意大利人谈帕格尼尼……看着那些外国人的脸由淡漠变得凝重,由凝重转成钦佩,这个从南市来的孩子是多么高兴、多么满意。这时他是多么感激他的老师,又多么怀念那些顽强攀登的艰辛岁月啊!<br />
<br />
And now, when he can express the feelings of Chinese people to foreign friends in various ports in fluent English and French, talk to Germans about Goethe, Beethoven and Schumann, Russians about Chekhov, Tolstoy and Tchaikovsky, British about Byron and Shakespeare, Italians about Paganini... How happy and satisfied this child from Nanshi is to watch those foreigners' faces change from indifference to dignified and to admiration. At this time, how grateful he was to his teachers and how he missed those hard times of going forward tenaciously!<br />
<br />
吐血的水手<br />
<br />
A Sailor Vomiting Blood<br />
<br />
俄国一代名将苏沃洛夫有一句名言:“不想当将军的士兵不是好士兵。”我们的船长贝汉廷有一句与他互为表里的大实话:“没有了水手的船长就不是船长。”<br />
<br />
Suvorov, a famous Russian Generalissimo, had a famous saying: "A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier." Our captain Bei Hanting had a similar sentence: "A captain who doesn’t have sailors is not a captain."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷是尊重水手、懂得水手的。他也是从一个水手开始他的海上生活的。当他在东北那艘小泵泵船上实习时,他不但领略了东北零下四十摄氏度那凛冽的严寒,也深切感受到伟大祖国那彻骨的贫寒……<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting respected and understood sailors. He also started his life at sea as a sailor. When he was an intern on a small “pump boat” in Northeast China, he not only experienced the cold of minus 40 degrees Celsius in Northeast China, but also deeply felt the poverty of the great motherland...<br />
<br />
上海临近解放,这一百多个航海系的学生迅速分化了:有钱有势的去了美国等地。大部分穷学生在隆隆的炮声中最关心的一件事就是跑到外滩,看看可还有船, 如果没有了船,他们可怎么办啊!<br />
<br />
When liberation in Shanghai was around the corner, more than 100 students in the navigation department were rapidly divided: rich and powerful one have gone to the United States and other places. The biggest concern for most of the poor students in the rumbling sound of guns was to run to the Bund and see if there was a boat. If there was no boat, what can they do!<br />
<br />
而外滩,那熟悉的、桅杆林立的外滩,果真是一片寂静。滔滔的流水映着空空的蓝天,国民党把所有的船都迫驶去运送“撤退”人员和物资,把不能行驶的船都炸沉了。<br />
<br />
And the Bund, the familiar Bund with many ships, was really silent. The surging water reflects the blue sky. Kuomintang forced all the ships to transport "evacuated" personnel and materials, and sank all the ships that could not sail.<br />
<br />
什么都没有留下啊,留下的只是毁灭性的灾难……<br />
<br />
Nothing was left behind, only a devastating disaster...<br />
<br />
有的同学改了行,而贝汉廷上了东北这艘小泵泵船。<br />
<br />
Some students changed their careers, but Bei Hanting got on this small “pump boat” in Northeast China.<br />
<br />
为什么叫泵泵船呢?因为一共不到一百吨,蒸汽机整天泵泵、泵泵地响着,一条小船上只有六个人,还是条漏水的船。每天吃的是咸菜、高粱米,却要日夜轮班用水泵把漏进来的水从船上抽出去。海上的风浪是颠簸的,贝汉廷先是吐食物,后是吐白沫,继而吐苦胆水,最后吐血,但他一边和同志们面对面地、一下一下啪嗒、 啪嗒地压着水泵,一边吐了吃、吃了吐地延续着自己的生命,并把生命交给船……<br />
<br />
Why was it called a pump boat? Because it was less than 100 tons in total, the steam engine sounded all day like a pump. There were only six people in a small boat, which was still leaking. They ate pickles and sorghum rice every day, but they had to pump the leaked water from the boat in shifts day and night. The boat flipped because of terrible wind and waves. Bei Hanting first spitted food, then foams at the mouth, then bile, and finally vomited blood. However, he and his partners pumped water out of the boat again and again, while vomiting, eating and spitting to extend their life, and giving it to the boat...<br />
<br />
“是日本人吧?”<br />
<br />
"You are a Japanese, right?"<br />
<br />
大地回春,乍暖还寒。新中国大规模的建设开始了。贝汉廷开始到一艘大船上当实习二副了。船长是个老派的船长,十分严格,每天板着面孔,不苟言笑,穿一身笔挺的制服,右手捏着一副雪白的手套。无论多么大的风雪,见习生也只许站在驾驶台外巡视海面,不许拿望远镜,又不许漏掉一个目标,否则就骂得你狗血喷头。姿势嘛!必须按照条例,手绝对不许插在兜里。零下二十摄氏度也不许吗？是的,不许!零下三十摄氏度呢？也不许!<br />
<br />
Spring returned with temperatures fluctuating between warm and cold. The large-scale construction of the People’s Republic of China began. Bei Hanting began to work as an intern Senior Officer on a big ship. The captain is old-school, strict, and discreet with a straight face every day. He was immaculately dressed with a pair of white gloves in his right hand. No matter how heavy the wind and snow were, trainees were only allowed to stand outside the bridge and patrol the sea. They were not allowed to take binoculars, and miss any targets, otherwise the captain would scold you. As for posture, you must never put your hands in your pockets, according to the regulations. Was it not allowed to do this below minus 20 degrees Celsius? Yes! What about minus 30 degrees Celsius? Nor was it allowed!<br />
<br />
冬季里只穿一条单裤的贝汉廷有一次实在受不住啦,回头看看没人,刚悄悄把手放进兜里暖暖,后边啪的一脚就踢过来了。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, who only wore a pair of trousers in winter, once couldn't stand it. Finding no one was in the back, he quietly put his hands in his pocket to warm up, and then the captain kicked his feet behind him.<br />
<br />
“打人当然是不对的。”贝汉廷笑着说,“可我也真从他那里受到了严格的训练,学会了一丝不苟。”<br />
<br />
"It is certainly wrong to beat people." Bei Hanting said with a smile, "But I really got strict training from him and learned to be meticulous."<br />
<br />
俗话说“严师出高徒”,而严师也多半是爱高徒的。那个老船长从来没正眼看过贝汉廷一眼,但在挑选二副时,他点名要贝汉廷。他遭到了反对,但他力排众议：“贝汉廷。”又是一阵反对的浪潮。他却仍然是三个字:“贝汉廷!”<br />
<br />
As the saying goes, "A strict teacher nurtures a high-level apprentice", and a strict teacher mostly loves a high-level apprentice. The old captain never paid attention to Bei Hanting, but when selecting the Senior Officer, he named Bei Hanting. He was opposed, but he tried hard to refute and eliminate opposing opinions to maintain his stance: "Bei Hanting." It was another wave of opposition. He still said that name: "Bei Hanting!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷就这样当上了二副,然后就来到了广远公司,开始了远洋航行的那一天。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting became the Senior Officer in this way, and then came to Guangyuan Company and started the ocean voyage.<br />
<br />
当船长的幸福贝汉廷今天已记不清了。他记得最清楚的却是当船长的痛苦, 那就是:只要他在海外显示出一点文化教养和科学水平,外国人就要问他:“是日本人吧?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting has lost count of the happiness of being a captain today. What he remembers most clearly is the pain of being a captain, that is, as long as he shows a little educational background and scientific knowledge overseas, foreigners will ask him: "You are a Japanese, right?"<br />
<br />
有一次,在鹿特丹港,一个领港员因为船上一水是中国人而有意刁难,把舵令用英语说得又快又流利,贝汉廷就迎上去和他用英语对话。领港改用法语,贝汉廷也改用法语,然后有意识地用意大利语和西班牙语向领港员问话。<br />
<br />
On one occasion, in Port of Rotterdam, a pilot deliberately created difficulties because the able seaman (AB) on board was Chinese. He spoke rudder orders quickly and fluently in English, so Bei Hanting talked with him in English. The pilot changed to French, Bei Hanting also changed to French, and then he consciously questioned the pilot in Italian and Spanish.<br />
<br />
这个领港员回答不上来了,却说：“你的一水不行。”<br />
<br />
The pilot couldn't answer, so he said, "Your able seaman is not good."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷装没听见,他连说三次,贝汉廷火了,说：“你怎么知道他不行?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting pretended not to hear. He said it three times in a row. Bei Hanting became angry and said, "How do you know he is not skilled?"<br />
<br />
“反应太慢。”<br />
<br />
"His reaction is too slow."<br />
<br />
“那是你没有必要地说得太快,舵令叫得不清楚。”<br />
<br />
"That's because you speak too fast, which is not necessary at all, so the rudder orders don't sound clear."<br />
<br />
“我要求你换人。”<br />
<br />
"I ask you to change your able seaman."<br />
<br />
“他是我船上最好的水手。”<br />
<br />
"He is the best sailor on my ship."<br />
<br />
“中国人没ー个操舵操得好的。”<br />
<br />
"All Chinese people don't steer well."<br />
<br />
“各国港口的领港员都说他好,只有你一个人说他不行。”<br />
<br />
"The pilots of ports in various countries say he is good, and you are the only one who says he can't do it."<br />
<br />
“我要求下船。”<br />
<br />
"I demand to disembark."<br />
<br />
“可以。三副!立即送他下去。拿来!”<br />
<br />
"Yes. Junior Officer! Send him down at once. Bring it!"<br />
<br />
“什么?”<br />
<br />
"What?"<br />
<br />
“你的派司。我要在你的引水单上注明,你是一个不合格的引水员,不能给船舶提供良好的协作,从此以后不欢迎你到任何一条中国船上领港。我很遗憾,但看来只好如此了,派司,请!”<br />
<br />
"Your pass. I want to indicate on your application for pilot that you are an unqualified pilot and can't collaborate well with ships. From now on, you are not welcome to pilot any Chinese ship. I'm sorry, but it seems that we have to do so. Your pass, please!"<br />
<br />
面对如此强硬的船长,那个领港员咕噜了几句,再也不响了。<br />
<br />
Facing such a tough master, the pilot muttered a few words and never did this again.<br />
<br />
船进了港口,贝汉廷签证了引水单,并没有加任何批注,那位傲慢的引水员十分感激;而那个被船长保护过来的一水,噙着泪水咬着牙,从此日夜念英文……（I changed 嚙 with 噙）<br />
<br />
When the ship entered the port, Bei Hanting signed the application for pilot without any comment, and the arrogant pilot was very grateful. For the able seaman protected by the captain, he bit the bullet and read English day and night after that...<br />
<br />
蓝色的梦<br />
<br />
Blue Dreams<br />
<br />
正当我国海员在全世界各个港口赢得尊敬,我国远洋事业蓬勃发展的时刻,“文化大革命”开始了。林彪、江青等人互相勾结,从文艺界杀出来,砸烂公检法之 后,开始有步骤、有计划地在各条战线夺权。<br />
<br />
Just when our seafarers won respect in various ports all over the world and our ocean-going business flourished, the Cultural Revolution began. Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and others colluded with each other, caused many deaths in literary and art circles, destroyed the public security inspection law, and began to seize power on all fronts step by step and in a planned way.<br />
<br />
贝汉廷在休假中突然被通知到广州集合。他以海员的速度按时到达,去接受新的任务。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was suddenly informed to gather in Guangzhou during his vacation. He arrived on time at the speed of seafarers to accept new tasks.<br />
<br />
但是,并没有任务,却让他进了学习班。<br />
<br />
However, there was no task. He was forced to attend classes learning the Maoism.<br />
<br />
学习班都是熟人,我国开创远洋事业的不少老船长、老大副都来了。老朋友久 别重逢,十分开心,各路兵马摩拳擦掌,准备大干ー场。可是一笑容慢慢冻结在脸上了。怎么?走路要排队,吃饭也要排队,寄信要请假,说话还有人监督……军宣队宣布全面接管,难道变成了国民党俘虏?<br />
<br />
There were all acquaintances in this class, like many old captains and Chief Officers who started the ocean-going business in China. Old friends were glad to meet again after a long separation, and they were gearing up for a big fight. But a smile slowly froze on their faces. What happened? You had to queue up when you walk, when you eat. You had to take a personal day off when you sent a letter, and there were people to supervise when you speak... The propaganda team promoting Maoism claimed that it will manage them. So, did they become Kuomintang’s captives?<br />
<br />
唉！贝汉廷哪里知道,林彪、“四人帮”的革命理论就是:越是有功越要整,越是有成绩越是修正主义。他们所谓的革命就是要革革过命的人的命。<br />
<br />
Alas! Bei Hanting didn’t know that the revolutionary theory of Lin Biao and the Gang of Four was that the more achievements you have, the more revisionism you have. What they called revolution was to kill those who had great contributions to our country.<br />
<br />
现在看来,真是比绕口令还绕口令!迷信、愚昧到了令人抬不起头的程度。但那时,贝汉廷也像中国大多数革命者一样,十分虔诚地检查自己的不足,俯首赎罪……<br />
<br />
Now, it seems that it is ironic! Superstition and ignorance have made people so embarrassed. But at that time, Bei Hanting, like most Chinese revolutionaries, examined his shortcomings very piously and bowed his head to atone for his sins...<br />
<br />
首先出来抵制的又是我们的总理。总理说:“如果我们开创远洋事业的骨干都修了,远洋事业的大好形势从哪里来的?”多么无可辩驳,多么义正词严!可是林彪、江青那一伙人哪里听总理的,总理正是他们要打倒的主要目标哩!<br />
<br />
It was our prime minister who came out to oppose first. The prime minister said: "If the backbone of our ocean-going business has been fired, how does the bright future of ocean-going business come from?" How irrefutable, how righteous! But Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and their gang members didn’t listen to the Prime Minister, because he was the main target they want to overthrow!<br />
<br />
于是读语录,谈话;谈话,读语录;逼供,诱供;进隔离室,出隔离室……从追“拍照”到“送情报”,最后发展到追他“里通外国”。本来嘛,搞远洋运输的还能不里通外国?<br />
<br />
So they had to read quotations and have a conversation with the propaganda team again and again; they had to experience forced confessions or be trapped to make a confession; they had to be isolated in a room... From Bei’s pictures in the radar station, they thought he gave intelligence to other countries, and finally they thought he conspired with foreign countries. Originally, can those who engage in ocean transportation not communicate with foreign countries?<br />
<br />
但世界上的事就是这么不可思议,事物的规律就是这样不可抗拒,他们纲上得越高,贝汉廷就越轻松,到追查里通外国的什么“照片”时,他早已从晕眩到清醒, 由虔诚而呼呼大睡起来了…… <br />
<br />
But things in the world were so strange, and the laws of things were so irresistible. The more they talked about politics, the easier it is for Bei Hanting. By the time they traced the photos of conspiring with foreign countries, he has already gone from dizziness to sobriety, and fell asleep from piety...<br />
<br />
总理毕竟是他们夺权不可逾越的障碍。就像文艺界的大批骨干被总理保护下来送到部队农场“改造”一样,远洋事业的这批骨干也被保护下来,送到航道局看航标、挖河泥去了。<br />
<br />
After all, the prime minister was an insurmountable obstacle to their seizure of power. Just as a large number of backbones in the literary and art circles were protected by the Prime Minister and sent to the army farm for the Down to the Countryside Movement, these backbones in the ocean-going business were also protected and sent to the Waterway Bureau to monitor navigation marks and dig river mud.<br />
<br />
挖河泥,上海人叫“闌河泥”,贝汉廷和他的伙伴们带着流血的心和解除隔离的欣慰,看起航标,罱起河泥来……（I changed 闌 with 罱）<br />
<br />
Digging (挖) river mud is called digging (罱) river mud by residents in Shanghai. Bei Hanting and his friends monitored navigation marks and dug river mud with bleeding hearts and relief from isolation...<br />
<br />
贝汉廷毕竟是贝汉廷,在看航标罱河泥的小船上当三副,专管伙食事务,仍然年年被评为先进。（I changed 闌 with 罱）<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting, after all, was capable. He was the Junior Officer in the boat monitoring navigation marks and digging river mud, and was responsible for food affairs. And he was still rated as advanced Individual every year.<br />
<br />
他从来没过过这样清闲的日子,用他爱人的话说:结婚二十年,在家的日子加 起来ー共不到两年。现在,每天开开单据,报报账,下了班就可以回家,骑着脚踏 车,从路边上买点螃蟹鱼虾,晚上和妻子儿女ー起听听音乐……<br />
<br />
He has never lived such a leisurely life. In the words of his lover, he has been married for 20 years, but his days at home added up to less than two years. Now, he invoiced people and reported accounts every day. He can go home after work, ride a bicycle, buy some fish from the roadside, and listen to music with his wife and children at night...<br />
<br />
这在一般人看来是求之不得的幸福啊！可是,他哭了。这个从来没哭过的汉子,他哭了。<br />
<br />
This was a desirable happiness in the eyes of ordinary people! However, he cried. Before that, this man who has never cried.<br />
<br />
他哭了,不是因为邻居的眼色,这个从南市来的孩子从小见惯了各种各样冷漠和怀疑的眼色。<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the neighbors’ dirty looks. The boy from Nanshi was used to all kinds of indifferent and dubious looks.<br />
<br />
他哭了,不是因为路人的歧视,这个在各国港口为中国争取到荣誉的海员,有的是对付歧视的办法。<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the discrimination of passers-by. This seaman who won honor for China in ports of various countries had plenty of ways to deal with discrimination. <br />
<br />
他哭了,不是因为亲人们一妻子儿女,特别是哥哥,那个一心一意支持他走上这条路的哥哥的质问。虽然他们疑虑的视线在他心上织起了灰色的和有罪的雾似的迷网……<br />
<br />
He cried, not because of the questioning of his relatives, his wife and children, especially his brother, who wholeheartedly supported him to be a seaman. Although their suspicious eyes woven a gray and guilty mist-like puzzle in his heart...<br />
<br />
但,他不是为这些哭的。他哭,是为了他的梦,他的蓝色的梦。<br />
<br />
But that's not why he cried. He cried for his dreams, his blue dreams.<br />
<br />
他是这样思念大海,他的梦也尽是蓝色的。当他坐在小船三副的办公桌前想起他的波涛汹涌的大海时,他心如刀绞。<br />
<br />
He missed the sea so much, and his dreams were all blue. When he sat at the desk of the Junior Officer of the boat and thought of his rough sea, his heart was torn out.<br />
<br />
他仍然喜欢独自在黄埔滩头倚栏沉思。每当他看见自己驾驶过的“桂林”“友好”“九江”号从他眼前驶过时,他的心狂跳,他像孩子ー样大哭了。他感到它们是那么的漂亮,真是美极了。在他当它们船长的时候,他从来没像今天看它们那样感到漂亮。而今天,当他被活活地从它们身上撕开,目送着它们仪态万方地姗姗远去时,他怎能不泪如雨下……<br />
<br />
He still liked to meditate alone on the beachhead of Huangpu. Whenever he saw the Guilin, the Friendship and Jiujiang he had driven passing by his eyes, his heart beat wildly and he cried like a child. He felt that they were so beautiful. When he was their captain, he never thought them so beautiful when he saw them today. Today, when he had to separate with them and watch them go away with great grace, how could he not burst into a flood of tears...<br />
<br />
他的泪水在羞辱的愤怒中干涸了。那是当他听见“四人帮”改朝换代后派出 的有的船员竟在外国人面前把“twelve”说成“ onetwo”的时候;是当他听说“四人帮”派出的“小兄弟”有失国体地在外国百货公司偷人一双袜子的时候;是知道那些打砸抢的“英雄”们竟在外国港口的垃圾箱里拾破烂的时候……<br />
<br />
His tears dried up in a rage that was triggered by humiliation. That was when he heard that some crew members sent by the Gang of Four after the regime change said "twelve" as "onetwo" to foreigners; It was when he heard that sidekicks sent by the Gang of Four stole a pair of socks from foreign department stores, which tarnished the honor of our country; It was when he knew that the "heroes" who smashed and looted actually picked up junk in garbage bins in foreign ports...<br />
<br />
愤怒把泪水烧干了,但蓝色的梦依然是蓝色的。他怀着钢铁的意志,钢铁的决心,他要回到大海上去。他会回到大海上去的!于是他咬着牙在自己的航海笔记的扉页上写下“勤笔密思”四个字。他重新挺起了胸,点燃了深夜的灯,通宵达旦地啃起《海上保险》《国际海商法》《海上救助》和各种国际航运法规、各国港口资料来了…… <br />
<br />
Anger burns tears dry, but blue dreams are still blue. Having nerves of steel, he wanted to go back to the sea. He will go back to the sea! So he gritted his teeth and wrote the words " Writing Diligently and Thinking Usually" on the title page of his sailing notes. He stood up again, lit the lights in the middle of the night, and read ''Marine Insurance'', ''International Maritime Law'', ''Maritime Rescue'' and various international shipping laws and regulations, and port information of various countries all night...<br />
<br />
伦敦港的友谊<br />
<br />
Friendship in the Port of London<br />
<br />
"Who is the captain?”<br />
<br />
"I 'm the master."<br />
<br />
他果然回到了大海,但这已是一个新的贝汉廷。<br />
<br />
He really returned to the sea, but this is a new Bei Hanting.<br />
<br />
如果说过去他只是一个业务熟练的船长,那么,今天他是一个满怀信心的主人。Master的含意在十年政治风暴的锤炼中,重心有了令人欣喜的转移,而这双重含意在他身上竟是如此和谐、统一。<br />
<br />
If he used to be just a skillful captain, today he is a confident master. The meaning of Master has been richer due to the political storm in the past ten years, and the focus has a happy shift, but the two meanings is so harmonious and unified in him.<br />
<br />
这里,我只想讲一个小故事,那就是——伦敦港的友谊。<br />
<br />
Here, I just want to tell a short story, that is, the friendship in the Port of London.<br />
<br />
有一次,“汉川号”配载200吨滑石粉到伦敦港卸货,途中收到了公司电报:伦敦港最近规定,不卸滑石粉。为什么?不知道,这是新规定。<br />
<br />
On one occasion, the Hanchuan loaded 200 tons of talcum powder to the Port of London for unloading, but received a telegram from the company on the way: the Port of London recently stipulated that talcum powder should not be unloaded. Why? They don't know. It's a new rule.<br />
<br />
公司远隔万里,可以不知道。但200吨滑石粉压在贝汉廷的冷藏舱盖上,舱里还有送到伦敦的各种冷冻货。滑石粉不让卸,别的货也取不出来,到前边中转,运费要超过货物本身的价值。贝汉廷决定,船仍直驶伦敦港。船一到港,他立即彬彬有礼地去拜访代理、卸货组长、工头、工人……摸清了不卸滑石粉的由来。原来是一个工人看报时偶然发现了一篇化学家署名的文章,分析滑石粉的结构,如此这般,这般如此,作用于人体,就要引起癌症。这个工人在他的工班一说,癌症,这还了得!几个工班一商议,向工会提出:从此不卸滑石粉。特别是中国的,因为包装不好,运输时又马虎,纸袋压得尽是裂缝,卸起来粉末飞扬,不要说卸,工人连手都不愿摸……<br />
<br />
The company was thousands of miles away, so it was reasonable. However, 200 tons of talcum powder was pressed on the cover of the refrigerated hatch, and there were various frozen goods sent to London in the hatch. Talcum powder was not allowed to be unloaded, and other goods can't be taken out. If you sail to the stopping point, the freight will exceed the value of the goods themselves. So, Bei Hanting decided that the ship would still go straight to the Port of London. As soon as the ship arrived in port, he courteously visited the agent, the unloading team leader, the foreman, workers... By doing so, he found out the reason of not unloading talcum powder. It turned out that a worker accidentally discovered an article signed by a chemist while reading a newspaper, analyzing the structure of talcum powder. If it acts on human body, it will cause cancer. The worker said this in his work class, which caused a great sensation! After several rounds of deliberation, it was proposed to the trade union that talcum powder should not be unloaded from now on. Especially that from China, because the packaging was not good, and the transportation was sloppy, the paper bags were full of cracks, so the powder would fly when unloaded. Workers were unwilling to touch it, not to mention unloading... <br />
<br />
啊!原来如此!贝汉廷立即请代理到船上做客。畅叙别情,举杯问候夫人健康,谈英国绘画的新发展,从背诵莎士比亚的片段谈到流行的扭摆舞对青年的影响……谈得十分融洽。代理告别时说:“在港口,有什么困难,只管找我。”贝汉廷长叹一声:“困难是有哇,可不能告诉别人。”代理马上伸过手来,与贝汉廷紧握: “绝不,到我为止。”<br />
<br />
Ah! That was the reason! Bei Hanting immediately invited an agent to be a guest on board. He talked freely, from greeting his wife's health, the new development of English painting, reciting Shakespeare's excerpts to the influence of popular twist dance on young people. When the agent left, he said "If you have any difficulties in the port, just ask me." Bei Hanting sighed: "There are difficulties, but you can't tell others." The agent immediately reached out and clasped his hands: "No, I will help you."<br />
<br />
“我带来了滑石粉。”<br />
<br />
"I brought talcum powder."<br />
<br />
“知道,不就200吨吗?”<br />
<br />
"I know. Isn't it just 200 tons?"<br />
<br />
“可我因为怕压坏,装在了冷藏舱盖上。”<br />
<br />
"But I put it on the refrigerated hatch cover because I am afraid of crushing it."<br />
<br />
“糟糕！这可怎么办?”<br />
<br />
"Oops! What can I do?"<br />
<br />
“我想和工头谈谈。”<br />
<br />
"I want to talk to the foreman."<br />
<br />
“交情深吗?不深——这样吧,我先和工会的负责人谈谈,请他来看你。”<br />
<br />
"Are you on intimate terms with him? No? Let me talk to the person in charge of the trade union first and ask him to come to see you."<br />
<br />
“我去拜访他!”<br />
<br />
"I'll visit him!"<br />
<br />
工会的负责人把头摇得像拨浪鼓一样:“这是工人的权利,工会坚决支持。”<br />
<br />
The head of the trade union shook his head like a rattle: "This is the right of workers, and the trade union firmly supports it."<br />
<br />
“别的港口都没这项规定呢!”<br />
<br />
"There is no such rule in other ports!"<br />
<br />
“本港对工人劳动保护特别注意。”<br />
<br />
"Our port pays special attention to the labor protection of workers."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷承认确实如此,并且列举了伦敦港工会的种种成绩。他是那样如数家珍,说得工会负责人心里热乎乎的,至于卸滑石粉的劳动保护吗,“汉川号”愿意提供一切条件,口罩、面具……工会负责人说:“那么……也许……我试ー试!”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting admitted that and listed the achievements of the Trade Union of the Port of London. He was so familiar with these achievements that the person in charge of the trade union was touched. As for the labor protection for unloading talcum powder, workers in the Hanchuan were willing to provide all equipment, like masks and respirators... He said: "Then... maybe... I will try!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“只要先生愿意帮忙,一定成功。先生知道伦敦的商人为什么远程购买滑石粉吗?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "As long as you is willing to help, you will succeed. Do you know why businessmen in London buy talcum powder remotely?"<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“因为我国青岛出产的滑石粉质量好,包装也好。我又装在舱盖上,一点没有破裂……先生知道滑石粉是做什么的吗?是做化妆品的。香粉,脂粉,高级化妆品呀！贵国的妇女那么美丽,从古到今都擦粉,但她们是多么健康!”<br />
<br />
"Because the talcum powder produced in Qingdao has good quality and good packaging. And I put it on the hatch cover, so it doesn’t break at all... Do you know what talcum powder is made for, sir? It can make cosmetics. Rouge and powder are high-grade cosmetics! Women in your country are so beautiful because they use this products from ancient times to the present, but how healthy they are!"<br />
<br />
工会负责人紧板的面孔开始有了一丝笑意。<br />
<br />
The tight expression of the head of the trade union changed, and he cracked a smile.<br />
<br />
“贵国亲友相会,都有接吻的习惯。算算,你们一天要接触多少香粉——多少滑石粉,而你们又是多么健康！”<br />
<br />
"When friends and relatives meet in your country, they all have the habit of kissing. Think about it. How much fragrant powder and talcum powder you need to touch every day. But how healthy you are!"<br />
<br />
“哈哈……”在场的人不由得都哈哈大笑了。<br />
<br />
"Haha..." All the people on the scene couldn't help laughing.<br />
<br />
“那么,允许我去找工人们谈谈?”贝汉廷说。<br />
<br />
"So, do you allow me to talk to the workers?" Bei Hanting asked.<br />
<br />
“不,我去,还是我去好。”工会负责人匆匆走了。<br />
<br />
"No, I'll go. It’s better if I talk to them." The head of the union hurried away.<br />
<br />
贝汉廷提心吊胆地从窗口望着甲板,看见工会负责人到工人群中拍肩打膀地说着,说着……突然,从工人中爆发出那样舒心的大笑,他们简直笑得前仰后合了。贝汉廷这一颗心才落到了胸膛里。<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting looked at the deck from the window nervously, and saw the head of the trade union clapping others’ shoulders and talking among the workers... Suddenly, such a comfortable laughter broke out from the workers, and they almost laughed their heads off. Seeing this, Bei Hanting was at ease.<br />
<br />
代理对他跷起大拇指:“真行啊,Captain贝!”<br />
<br />
The agent gave him a thumbs up: "Really good, Captain Bei!"<br />
<br />
他说:“全靠你们老朋友。”<br />
<br />
He said, "It's all up to your old friends."<br />
<br />
“为什么你还不高兴?”<br />
<br />
"Why are you still unhappy?"<br />
<br />
“我还有事求你帮忙,又不好开口。”<br />
<br />
"I still have something to ask you for help, and it is difficult to speak."<br />
<br />
“说!”<br />
<br />
"Just say it!"<br />
<br />
“我们还有好多艘船都载着滑石粉呢!”<br />
<br />
"We still have many ships carrying talcum powder!"<br />
<br />
代理双手齐摇:“就你这一船,我的脑袋差点没裂开。”<br />
<br />
The agent waved his hands: "Even if there is only one ship with talcum powder, my head almost crack."<br />
<br />
“但道理不是一样吗?”<br />
<br />
"But it makes sense for all ships."<br />
<br />
“你何必管别人的船呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why do you care about other people's ships?"<br />
<br />
“因为都挂着五星红旗呀!”<br />
<br />
"Because they all hang the National Flag of the People's Republic of China!"<br />
<br />
代理挠挠头:“那……我去试试。”<br />
<br />
The agent scratched his head: "Then... I'll try it."<br />
<br />
“一定成功,英国工人是最讲道理的。”<br />
<br />
"It must be successful. British workers are the most reasonable."<br />
<br />
经过反复磋商,终于成功了。从此,凡是挂着五星红旗船上的滑石粉,只要包装不破,伦敦港一律管卸。<br />
<br />
After repeated consultations, it finally succeeded. From then on, all talcum powder on ships with the National Flag of the People's Republic of China will be unloaded in the Port of London as long as the packaging is not broken.<br />
<br />
我在这里不想叙述因此每条船每个航次为国家节约了多少外汇,因为读者们比我算得更清楚,那是数以万计十万计……我只想说:十年的政治风浪怎样使贝汉廷完成了从一个船长到一个主人的飞跃。因为他时时想着我们的人民——在各条战线上的每个主人十年沉思的伟大力量。正是它,在推动他不断地向前,向前……<br />
<br />
I don't want to describe how much foreign exchange has been saved for the country by each ship and voyage, because readers know better than me. That is more than tens of thousands... I just want to say: How did Bei Hanting make a leap from a captain to a master after ten years of political storms. Because he always thinks about our people. This is the great power of ten years' meditation of every master on all fronts. It is this power that pushes him forward...<br />
<br />
“邓小平式的船长”<br />
<br />
"A Deng Xiaoping-style Captain"<br />
<br />
中美建交,邓小平同志访问美国引起了巨大的轰动。<br />
<br />
When the diplomatic relations between China and the United States was established, Comrade Deng Xiaoping's visit to the United States caused a great sensation.<br />
<br />
中美航线打通了。好钢用在刀刃上,公司把首航美国的任务交给了贝汉廷,把他调到“柳林海号”。<br />
<br />
The Sino-US air route has been developed. Just like good steel should be used to make blades, talents should also be dispatched to do indispensable things. So the company gave Bei Hanting the task of sailing across the United States the first time and transferred him to the LIULINHAI.<br />
<br />
但在“汉川号”的航线上,几乎各个港口都打听Captarn贝。有的转达港口的问候,有的诉说朋友的思念,有的跷起大拇指,有的说:“你们中国的船长都像他就好了。”<br />
<br />
However, on the route of the Hanchuan, almost people in every port inquired about Captarn Bei. Some conveyed greetings from the port; some told friends' longing for him; some raised their thumbs, and some said, "I wish you Chinese captains are like him."<br />
<br />
“汉川号”实习船长、大副甄永祥同志告诉我:汉堡港的理货组长库克和装卸公司的威利先生干脆说贝汉廷是“邓小平式的船长” 。<br />
<br />
Comrade Zhen Yongxiang, the intern captain and Chief Officer of the Hanchuan, told me that Cook, the tally leader of the Port of Hamburg, and Mr. Willie of the Stevedoring Company even said that Bei Hanting was a "Deng Xiaoping-style captain".<br />
<br />
为什么库克先生们给他这样高的评价?只是因为邓小平首访美国,他首航美国的偶然机缘吗?当然不是!<br />
<br />
Why did Mr. Cook think highly of him? Is it just because of Deng Xiaoping's first visit to the United States and his maiden voyage to the United States by chance? Of course not!<br />
<br />
大副和水手们津津有味地给我讲开了故事:<br />
<br />
The Chief Officer and the sailors told me the story with relish:<br />
<br />
有一次,“汉川号”将到亚历山大港卸货。这个港口在苏伊士运河入口处,经常停泊着上百条等待泊位的各国船只,搞不好一等就得几十天。于是,贝汉廷在途中就接二连三地给港口代理打电话,以便让“汉川号”这三个字一再冲击所有有关人员的脑细胞,加深他们的印象。并且他翻检了自己记忆的仓库和笔记本,理清了这个港口必须打交道的一系列人物的姓名、年龄、脾气秉性、特殊爱好、办事方式……<br />
<br />
On one occasion, the Hanchuan unloaded at Alexandria, situating at the entrance of Suez Canal, where hundreds of ships from all over the world waited for berths, which may take several days. Therefore, Bei Hanting called the port agent many times on the way, so that the word "Hanchuan" could be remembered. And he went through his memory storehouse and notebook, and sorted out the names, ages, tempers, special hobbies and ways of doing things of many people that he must deal with in this port...<br />
<br />
抵港后,他就直奔港务局,拜访港务局长。他是那样熟悉地称呼着局长的名字,顺利地通过了门岗,又那样亲密地和港务局长谈着家常。当他最后提出要求快速装卸时,局长说:“怎么这样急?你们中国人从来不在乎船期。”他说:“谁说的? 我们现在要搞四化,分秒必争哩!”港务局长像老朋友似的望着他笑。于是他熟练地和所有打交道的人交往着,尽快地办好一切手续,穿过各国彩色缤纷的泊船,用 一句古话说:“扬帆远航” 了,节约了二十多天船期。多么灵活,闪电也似的进击,不像个船长,倒像个军事家。<br />
<br />
After arriving in the port, he went straight to the Port Authority to visit the Director of Port. He called the director's name deftly, so he passed the gate smoothly, and talked with the port director so intimately. When he finally asked for quick loading and unloading, the director said, "Why is it so urgent? You Chinese never care about the shipping schedule." He said, "Who said that? We must carry out the Four Modernizations now, so every minute counts!" The director looked at him like an old friend and smiled. So he skillfully interacted with all the people he dealt with, completed all the formalities as soon as possible, and went through colorful berthing ships of various countries. As an old saying goes, "Setting sail for a long voyage", which saved more than 20 days of sailing. How flexible he was! He took actions like lightning, which made him like a strategist, not a captain. <br />
<br />
同“汉川号”一起,我们从国外一共买了四条船。保修期间,发现冷藏舱上有“汗水”,浸湿了货物。贝船长拍下了现场的照片,又请各个港口的验货师签署了证明,还用油漆在船上标出了“汗水”的位置,要回厂求返修。<br />
<br />
We have bought four ships from abroad, including the Hanchuan. During the warranty period, it was found that on the refrigerated compartment was "sweat", which soaked the goods. Captain Bei took photos of the scene, asked the inspectors of various ports to sign the supporting materials, and marked the position of "sweat" on the ship with paint, so he could go back to the factory for repair.<br />
<br />
船厂工程师抱着几尺厚的设计资料翻给他看,满嘴数字、专用名词,就是不肯返修,并说已有两条船来过厂,他们在冷藏舱内侧打了200个洞,找不出问题,已签字同意不返修了。<br />
<br />
The shipyard engineer turned over the design data several Chi (Chi is a unit of length in China) thick to him, full of numbers and special terms, but he refused to repair it. He said that two ships had been to the factory, and they had made 200 holes in the inside of the refrigerated cabin, but could not find any problems, so they signed and agreed not to repair ships.<br />
<br />
“请你看我的船。”<br />
<br />
"Please look at my ship."<br />
<br />
“你的船,绝缘体是举世无双的优质品。”<br />
<br />
"The insulator in your ship is unparalleled quality products in the world."<br />
<br />
“举世无双的优质品却搞出了前所罕见的’汗水’。”<br />
<br />
"The unparalleled quality products in the world have produced a rare 'sweat '."<br />
<br />
“理论上找不出任何错误。”<br />
<br />
"No mistakes can be found in theory."<br />
<br />
“实践上就是‘汗水’浸坏了货物。”<br />
<br />
"In practice, 'sweat 'soaked the goods."<br />
<br />
工程师有成百上千条理论根据,但贝汉廷有一叠ー叠的现实照片,证人签单。<br />
<br />
Engineers had hundreds of theories, but Bei Hanting had stacks of photos and bills signed by witnesses.<br />
<br />
工程师火了:“找不出理论根据,就是不给修,这是国际惯例做法,合同上规定的。”<br />
<br />
The engineer was angry: "If you can't find a theoretical basis, I won't repair it. This is an international practice and stipulated in the contract."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷也火了:“放下你那几尺厚的资料!我拼上几夜不睡也要查出根据来,你吓唬不住我!”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting was also angry: "Put down your data a few Chi thick! I will find out the basis even if I don't sleep for a few nights. You can't scare me!"<br />
<br />
工程师像海水一样莫测高深,但是贝汉廷却像礁石一样坚硬,于是海水退潮了,留下了资料。<br />
<br />
Engineers were as unfathomable as seawater, but Bei Hanting was as hard as a reef, so the seawater ebbed, leaving behind information.<br />
<br />
于是贝汉廷顽强地用血肉之躯去迎战冷冰冰的数据。这毕竟是专而又专的船舶冷藏业务啊！热学、力学、钢铁、绝缘……几十门学科。但血肉之躯也自有它的好处,那就是它有主观能动性。贝汉廷分析着各个不同的数据,寻找着规律,终于抓住了矛盾的牛鼻子。为什么在冷冻舱的各个部位绝缘体都是!80毫米厚,而横梁部分的绝缘体只有90毫米?差距有一倍,这合理吗?贝汉廷一下子跳了起来, 跑到冷藏舱实地对照,油漆的印痕条条排列。果然,“汗水”出在横梁部位……<br />
<br />
So Bei Hanting stubbornly confronted the cold data with his flesh and blood. After all, this was a ship refrigeration business, which was difficult for a layman to understand! Heat, mechanics, steel, insulation... dozens of disciplines. But a person also had its own advantages, that was, he had subjective initiative. Bei Hanting analyzed different data, looked for laws, and finally found the problem. Why were insulators in every part of the freezer 180 mm thick, while the insulator of the beam part was only 90 mm? Was it reasonable? Bei Hanting jumped up at once and ran to the refrigerator for field comparison. The marks of paint were arranged in strips. Sure enough, "sweat" came out of the beam...<br />
<br />
把工程师请了回来,工程师先是点头后是摇头:“没想到啊！没想到问题出在这里!”<br />
<br />
When the engineer was invited back, he first nodded and then shook his head: "I didn't expect it! I didn't expect the problem to be here!"<br />
<br />
怎么办?返修呗！船厂工人连续开了几个夜班,加铺了一层绝缘体,加铺了一层甲板。<br />
<br />
What to do? Repair it! Shipyard workers worked several night shifts in succession to lay an insulator and a deck.<br />
<br />
这条船修好了,其他的呢?工程师听也不要听。于是,贝汉廷去见总经理。<br />
<br />
This ship has been repaired. What about the others? Engineers didn’t even think about them. So Bei Hanting went to see the general manager.<br />
<br />
总经理说:“那两条船已经双方签过字,免修了。”<br />
<br />
The general manager said, "The two ships have been signed by both parties and are exempted from repair."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“但道理不是一样吗?”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "But it makes sense for all ships?"<br />
<br />
总经理说:“你知道你这一条船返修用了我多少美金?上20万哩!”<br />
<br />
The general manager said, "Do you know how many dollars I spent on repairing your ship? Up to 200,000 dollars!"<br />
<br />
“我很抱歉,”贝汉廷说,“我知道四条船索赔,工厂损失是很大的。但如果不修好,那三条船在全世界航行,等于给你的厂做活广告。那样,你的损失不就更大了吗?”<br />
<br />
"I'm sorry," said Bei Hanting, "I know that if four ships claim compensation, the loss of the factory is very great. But if they are not repaired, those three ships will sail all over the world, which is equivalent to advertising your factory. Then, wouldn't your loss be even greater?"<br />
<br />
总经理先是摇头,后是点头,最后抬起头来打量这个个子小小的Captain贝,欣赏起这个好当家人来了。真是:第一流的头脑,外加一副铁腕,好一个铁腕人物啊! 四条船冷藏舱设备返修共花了船厂72万美金哩！<br />
<br />
The general manager shook his head first, then nodded, and finally looked up at the small Captain Bei and appreciated the good expert. He had excellent mind, powerful control. What a strong person! It costed the shipyard 720,000 US dollars to repair the refrigerated cabin equipment of the four ships!<br />
<br />
水手们还十分钦佩地讲起了大吊的故事:<br />
<br />
The sailors also told the story of the cargo handling gear with great admiration:<br />
<br />
在意大利,好像是热那亚港,港口当时正好没岸吊。过去都是借用船上的大吊,喏,用就用呗！好像是已成惯例了。但贝汉廷反复研究各港口的资料,发现那是不合理的。<br />
<br />
In Italy, it seems to be the Port of Genoa, which happened to have no shore tackle at that time. In the past, people in the Port of Genoa used to borrow the cargo handling gear on board. Well, it didn’t matter! It seemed to have become a routine. However, Bei Hanting repeatedly studied the data of various ports and found that it was unreasonable.<br />
<br />
于是他向代理提出:应由货主付费。代理说:“过去都不付呀!”<br />
<br />
So he proposed to the agent that the owner of goods should pay. The agent said, "They didn't pay in the past!"<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“但那是不合理的。”<br />
<br />
"But that doesn't make sense," Bei Hanting said.<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“你想,买这条船时,大吊是船价的十分之一。用了我的大吊,使了我的人工,磨损了我的钢缆……难道不付费是合理的吗?”<br />
<br />
"Think about it. When you buy a ship, the cargo handling gear is one tenth of the price of the ship. They used my gear, needed my seamen and worn my steel cable... Is it reasonable not to pay?"<br />
<br />
“是不够合理。那好,我去和货主谈谈。”第二天代理来讲,货主同意了,因为 他如不同意付大吊费,他就得到港口申请岸吊,同样得付费用,而且还得等着调配。<br />
<br />
"It’s not reasonable enough. Well, I'll talk to the owner." The next day, the agent said, the owner agreed, because if he didn't agree to pay the fee, he had to go to the port to apply for shore tackle, so he had to pay the same fee, and wait for the deployment.<br />
<br />
第一次大吊费拿到了,有好几万外汇呢!拿到之后,贝汉廷立刻要求以书面形式,将它作为制度固定下来。<br />
<br />
For the first time, they got the fee of using cargo handling gear, which brought them tens of thousands of foreign currencies! After that, Bei Hanting immediately demanded that this had to be fixed as a system in writing.<br />
<br />
拿到书面材料之后,贝汉廷代表公司和代理谈判,要求所有的中国船以后一律 按此办理。<br />
<br />
After receiving the written materials, Bei Hanting, on behalf of the company, negotiated with the agent and asked all Chinese ships to follow this procedure in the future.<br />
<br />
代理说:“你的船,我保证每次如此,但别的船……”<br />
<br />
The agent said, " I can promise your ship’s fees every time, but as for other ships..."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷说:“道理不是ー样的吗? ”<br />
<br />
Bei Hanting said: "But it makes sense for all ships."<br />
<br />
谈判的结果,是拿到了港方的书面合同。贝汉廷立即把这份材料寄回上海,由公司报总公司,向世界其他港口交涉,一律照此办理。<br />
<br />
As a result of the negotiation, a written contract from the port was obtained. Bei Hanting immediately sent this material back to Shanghai, so the company reported it to the head office who negotiated with other ports in the world that all of them should do it.<br />
<br />
多么精细,多么科学!完全是科学家的逻辑!然而又多么灵活,多么有办法, 简直像个出色的外交家。<br />
<br />
How delicate and scientific! It's entirely the logic of scientists! However, how flexible and resourceful he is! he is like an excellent diplomat.<br />
<br />
有一次……<br />
<br />
One time...<br />
<br />
还有一次……<br />
<br />
There was another time...<br />
<br />
可惜,无法在这里写下政委、大副、水手们向我讲述的所有的故事,我只能记下他们那钦佩的眼光、赞叹的话语——<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, I can't write down all the stories told to me by the political commissar, the Chief Officer and the sailors here. I can only write down their admiring eyes and words of admiration.<br />
<br />
在海里,贝汉廷像一块冲不动的礁石。<br />
<br />
In the sea, Bei Hanting is like a rock that cannot be washed.<br />
<br />
在岸上,贝汉廷是ー块千锤百炼的钢铁。<br />
<br />
On the shore, Bei Hanting is a piece of steel that has been hammered and tempered many times.<br />
<br />
开起船来,又多么潇洒。“汉川号”在他手里不像条船,倒像个芭蕾舞演员,是那样迷人的优美……<br />
<br />
How cool he is when sailing. The Hanchuan is not like a ship when he navigates it, but like a ballet dancer, charming and beautiful...<br />
<br />
水手们都习惯了,多大的风浪也没有人去向他报告。因为你报告:“九级风呢, 船长!”他会不动声色地看看海面:“有九级吗?我看还好嘛！”“八级浪了,船长!” 他仍不动声色地看看:“有八级吗?我看还好嘛!”贝汉廷懂得一个船长镇定自若的意义,于是再也没有人和他谈风浪问题了。<br />
<br />
Sailors were familiar with him, so no one reported to him about the storm. Because when you reported, "Strong gale, captain!" He would look at the sea calmly: "Is there a strong gale? I think it doesn’t matter" “The waves are very high, captain! "He still looked calmly:" “Are they very high? I think it doesn’t matter!” Bei Hanting understood the meaning of a captain's composure, so no one talked to him about wind and waves anymore.<br />
<br />
只有我这个外行,反复问他:“你老是’还好,还好‘,可几级风浪船就会沉呢?”他沉思地看着我说:“多大的风浪也不会让万吨轮沉的,只有船本身的损坏才会沉船。而只有不懂得船也不懂得大海的船长才会把船搞坏,把船搞沉。”<br />
<br />
Only I, a layman, repeatedly asked him: "You always say ‘It doesn’t matter’, but what kind of storms will sink the ship?" He looked at me thoughtfully and said, "They won’t sink the over 10,000-ton ship. Only the damage of the ship itself will sink a ship. And only the master who doesn't know the ship or the sea will break the ship and sink it."<br />
<br />
好一个“只有不懂得船也不懂得大海的船长オ会把船搞沉”!而船长,master,在做形容词用时,又意味着熟练、精通。<br />
<br />
His words surprised me! And master, when used as an adjective, means skilled and proficient.<br />
<br />
“He is master of his business。”可以这样说:作为国家领导人之一的邓小平和作为船长的贝汉廷,对自己的业务都是那样熟练、精通;面对各自的风浪又都同样镇定自若,勇于驾驭;偏偏在他们各自的航程中,又都具有那种百折不挠、鞠躬尽瘁的主人翁态度。这就难怪贝汉廷有了这样ー个光荣的称号——“邓小平式的船长”。谁能说库克先生们没有眼力呢?<br />
<br />
"He is master of his business." It can be said that Deng Xiaoping, one of the national leaders, and Bei Hanting, a master, are so skilled and proficient in their own business. In the face of their own storms, they are equally calm and brave in controlling things. It happened that in their respective voyages, they all had the attitude of being masters with perseverance and dedication. It is no wonder that Bei Hanting has such a glorious title as "a Deng Xiaoping-style Captain". Who can say that Mr. Cook doesn’t know how to find a talent?<br />
<br />
海员风度<br />
<br />
Seamanship<br />
<br />
"SOS”！ “SOS”！！ “SOS"! ! !<br />
<br />
塞浦路斯商船“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”不断发出紧急呼号。<br />
<br />
Eleyna's Hope, a merchant ship of the Republic of Cyprus, kept sending out emergency calls.<br />
<br />
船长伊柯优斯眼看这艘28年的超龄船,在九级大风袭击中主机不能运转,全船失去控制,海底阀裂损,大量海水涌入机舱,已齐人脖颈,决定发出弃船求救信号。<br />
<br />
Captain Ikeus saw that the 28-year-old ship could not be operated in a strong gale, the whole ship lost control, the submarine valve was cracked, and a large amount of seawater poured into the engine room, leading to neck-deep sea water. He decided to send out a distress signal for abandoning the ship.<br />
<br />
"SOS”！ “SOS”！！ “SOS"! ! !<br />
<br />
全体船员及一名家属已下到救生小艇,小艇被巨浪颠簸得直上直下,完全没有行驶能力。在望远镜里看见远远一只船影,水手们用全部生命凝视着,但黑影渐渐消失。可能是风浪太大,他们自己也在危险之中,不能靠近。<br />
<br />
The crew and a family member have got off the life-saving boat, which was bumped up and down by huge waves and completely incapable of being driven. The sailors saw a distant ship shadow in the telescope, and they pinned all their hopes on it and stared at it, but the shadow gradually disappeared. It may be that the wind and waves were too strong, and they were also in danger, so they can't get close.<br />
<br />
又是一个黑影远远驶去,又是一个远远的黑影……也可能那只是自己希望的幻影吧,船员们已失去获救的信心……<br />
<br />
Another dark shadow was far away, and another... Maybe it was just an illusion of their hope, so the crew has lost confidence in being rescued...<br />
<br />
“滴滴滴,答答答,滴滴滴厂’“汉川号”的一个年轻报务员在呼啸的风暴声中突然收到了“SOS”的求救信号。贝汉廷一跃而起,到海图室查明了难船失事位置,他立即命令:“全体船员进入岗位准备抢救厂’“满舵！全速进!”超高频无线电话从此不断呼叫:“艾琳娜斯霍浦号！我是中国船’汉川号’！前来救助,请回答,请回答！！”<br />
<br />
"Beep, beep, beep!" A young radio operator of the Hanchuan suddenly received a distress signal of “SOS” in the howling storm. Bei Hanting jumped up and went to the chart room to find out the location of the shipwreck. He immediately ordered: "All crew members prepare to rescue another ship!" "Hard rudder! Go forward at full speed!" The UHF wireless telephone has been called all the time since then: "Eleyna's Hope! I am the Chinese ship Hanchuan! We come to rescue you, please answer, please answer!!"<br />
<br />
一片静默。遇难船早已失去全部通讯能力。<br />
<br />
There was silence. The wrecked ship has long lost all communication capability.<br />
<br />
当“汉川号”驶近难船时,只见它船身已右倾三十多度,船尾下沉。在十分危险的状态里,正在狂风暴雪中哑然下沉,下沉……当“汉川号”好不容易驶近救生 艇时,一个压顶巨浪把它打回遇难船的舷旁去了。四次驶近,四次打开,贝汉廷下令在它周围游弋等待。直到ー个多小时后,第五次驶近时,老水手王敬元一直捏在手中的粗尼龙撇缆绳,オ好像脱弦之箭顶风穿雪疾飞过去,被难船水手接住……<br />
<br />
When the Hanchuan approached the shipwreck, its hull had turned more than 30 degrees to the right and its stern sank. In a very dangerous state, it was sinking in the storm and a blizzard... When the Hanchuan finally approached the lifeboat, a huge wave slapped against it back to the side of the wrecked ship’s starboard. They had tried four times, but they failed, so Bei Hanting ordered to wait around it. After more than an hour later, when they approached for the fifth time, the thick nylon cable in the hands of the experienced sailor Wang Jingyuan was thrown, as if it was an arrow taking off the string and flying through the snow against the wind and it was caught by sailors of the shipwreck...<br />
<br />
这时,只有这时,贝汉廷才腾出空儿来回答整个地中海东部塞得港、马耳他、雅典、塞浦路斯电台及附近船舶的互相呼号:“我是中国’汉川号’,现在’艾琳娜斯霍浦号’的船员已安全登上我船,请放心,谢谢……”<br />
<br />
At this time, and at this time, Bei Hanting answered the calls of all the eastern Mediterranean, Port Said, Malta, Athens, Cyprus radio stations and nearby ships: "I am the Chinese Hanchuan, and now the crew of the Eleyna's Hope have safely boarded my ship. Please rest assured, thank you...”<br />
<br />
但是,“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”船长伊柯优斯却迟迟不肯上到“汉川号”。他和三个船员留在他的小艇中一再坚持靠拢难船。贝汉廷在风浪中再三向他疾呼:“危险! 危险! !”但看到他那样坚持,考虑到他仍坐在自己的救生艇上,他还是“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”的船长,有权做出自己的决定。因此只能劝慰他:“作为一个船长,我很了解你的处境和心情。我一定在旁守护,在旁守护!在旁一守护!！”小艇时起时伏 地在巨浪的峰波间摇晃着离去!“汉川号”始终在旁边巡回游弋……<br />
<br />
However, Ikeus, the captain of the Eleyna's Hope, refused to get on the Hanchuan. He and three crew members stayed in his boat and insisted on getting close to the shipwreck again and again. Bei Hanting repeatedly cried to him in the wind and waves: "Danger! Danger!!" But seeing his insistence, Bei considers that he is still sitting in his lifeboat, and he is still the captain of the Eleyna's Hope and has the right to make his own decisions. Therefore, he can only comfort him: "As a captain, I know your situation and mood very well. I will guard you, guard you! Guard you by the side!!" From time to time, the boat swayed away between the huge crested waves! The Hanchuan was always touring around...<br />
<br />
17点多,夜幕即将降临,九级的西北风把浪和雪卷上阴暗的高空,风在白茫茫的海上打转,海浪呼啸怒吼,贝汉廷开始忧虑地用汽笛和高音喇叭招呼那位守职的船长。17点24分,小艇终于再次靠近“汉川号”。贝汉廷特地到甲板上去迎接这位不幸的希腊同行。当伊柯优斯得知“汉川号”正在驶往伦敦途中时,他一再要求:<br />
<br />
At more than 17 o'clock, night was about to come, and the strong northwest gale swept the waves and snow up into the dark sky. The wind swirled in the white sea, and the waves roared. Bei Hanting began to greet the captain who kept his duty anxiously with his whistle and loudspeaker. At 17:24, the boat finally approached the Hanchuan again. Bei Hanting went to the deck to meet the unfortunate Greek counterpart. When Ikeus learned that the Hanchuan was on its way to London, he repeatedly asked:<br />
<br />
“请继续留在遇险船边,因为我必须守候它沉没。在它沉没后,请把我和我的 船员送到希腊克里特岛登岸。”<br />
<br />
"Please stay by the ship in distress, because I must wait for it to sink. After it sinks, please send me and my crew to Crete, Greece."<br />
<br />
贝汉廷,这位在他的航海日志上没有误过一天航期的船长,抢船期抢得没有一次是在港口休息日停泊记录的精细至极的船长,这时却毫不迟疑地答应了。考虑到<br />
<br />
==卷二：1.目录 Volume2: 1. Contents==<br />
<br />
卷一<br />
<br />
Volume One<br />
<br />
序 李炳银/001<br />
<br />
Preface by Li Bingyin/001<br />
<br />
哥德巴赫猜想 徐 迟/001<br />
<br />
Goldbach’s Conjecture by Xu Chi/001<br />
<br />
船长 柯岩/021<br />
<br />
Master by Ke Yan/021<br />
<br />
痴情 理由/040<br />
<br />
Obsession by Li You/040<br />
<br />
中国姑娘 鲁光/ 086<br />
<br />
Chinese Girls by Lu Guang/086<br />
<br />
三门李逸闻 乔迈/ 138<br />
<br />
Sanmen Li Anecdotes by Qiao Mai/138<br />
<br />
胡杨泪 孟晓云/ 150<br />
<br />
Tears of Populus Euphratica by Meng Xiaoyun/150<br />
<br />
原野在呼唤 王兆军/ 163<br />
<br />
The Fields Were Calling by Wang Zhaojun/163<br />
<br />
热血男儿 李士非/ 183<br />
<br />
Hot-blooded Man by Li Shifei/183<br />
<br />
卷二<br />
<br />
Volume Two<br />
<br />
中国农民大趋势（节选）李延国/219<br />
<br />
General Trend for Chinese Farmers (Excerpt) by Li Yanguo/219<br />
<br />
理论狂人 陈祖芬/261<br />
<br />
Theory Fanatic by Chen Zufen/261<br />
<br />
神圣忧思录 张 敏/283<br />
<br />
A Deliberation on the Divine by Zhang Min/283<br />
<br />
强国梦（节选）赵瑜/315<br />
<br />
The Dream of Great Power (Excerpt) by Zhao Yu/315<br />
<br />
伐木者,醒来!（节选）徐 刚/358<br />
<br />
Wake up, Loggers! (Excerpt) by Xu Gang/358<br />
<br />
步鑫生现象的反思 周嘉俊/397 <br />
<br />
Reflection on the Bu Xinsheng Phenomenon by Zhou Jiajun/397<br />
<br />
卷三<br />
<br />
Volume Three<br />
<br />
昆山之路 杨守松/ 425<br />
<br />
The Road to Kunshan by Yang Shousong/425<br />
<br />
飞向太空港（节选）李鸣生/465<br />
<br />
Flying to the Spaceport (Excerpt) by Li Mingsheng/465<br />
<br />
东方风来满眼春 陈锡添/526<br />
<br />
Vigor of Spring Greets the Eyes as the Warm Wind Comes by Chen Xitian/526<br />
<br />
好梦将圆时 江永红/539<br />
<br />
When Good Dreams Come True by Jiang Yonghong/539<br />
<br />
智慧风暴（节选）王宏甲/573<br />
<br />
The Storm of Wisdom (Excerpt) by Wang Hongjia/573<br />
<br />
卷四<br />
<br />
Volume Four<br />
<br />
4万:400万的牵挂 张雅文/ 625<br />
<br />
Zhang Yawen/625<br />
<br />
香港回归祖国10周年回眸 长 江/ 670<br />
<br />
A Look Back at the 10th Anniversary of Hong Kong's Return to China by Chang Jiang/670<br />
<br />
木棉花开 李春雷/695<br />
<br />
Kapok in Bloom by Li Chunlei/695<br />
<br />
休息的革命（缩写本）王宏甲 刘 建/716<br />
<br />
Revolution of Rest by Wang Hongjia (Abridged version), Liu Jian/716<br />
<br />
闪着泪光的事业 蒋 巍/758<br />
<br />
The Career with Tears by Jiang Wei/758<br />
<br />
让百姓做主 朱晓军 李英/ 777<br />
<br />
Let Common People Decide by Zhu Xiaojun, Li Ying/777<br />
<br />
难回故里 郭冬/817<br />
<br />
Guo Dong/817<br />
<br />
卷五<br />
<br />
Volume Five<br />
<br />
国家 何建明/855<br />
<br />
The Country by He Jianming/855<br />
<br />
蛟龙探海（节选）许 晨/ 915<br />
<br />
Xu Chen/915<br />
<br />
袁隆平的世界（节选）陈启文/950<br />
<br />
Yuan Longping's World (Excerpt) by Chen Qiwen/950<br />
<br />
“神舟”天路 兰宁远/ 1011<br />
<br />
The Long Journey of“Shenzhou”to Space by Lan Ningyuan/1011<br />
<br />
智慧之翼 李青松/ 1044<br />
<br />
Intelligent Wing by Li Qingsong/1044<br />
<br />
附录 改革开放四十年优秀报告文学存目/ 1060<br />
<br />
==卷二：2.中国农民大趋势 Volume 2: 2.General Trend for Chinese Farmers==<br />
<br />
中国农民大趋势<br />
<br />
General Trend for Chinese Farmers<br />
<br />
胶东风情录（节选）<br />
<br />
Stories in Jiaodong (excerpt)<br />
<br />
李延国<br />
<br />
Li Yanguo<br />
<br />
第一章 相会在北京（I changed オ目 with 相）<br />
<br />
Chapter One Meeting in Beijing<br />
<br />
初春。北京电影制片厂。<br />
<br />
In early spring. In Beijing Film Studio.<br />
<br />
我住在这个厂招待所的一间斗室里,正没完没了地修改ー个电影文学剧本。 一天,值班室的服务员用扩音器通知我:有客人来找。<br />
<br />
I lived in a small room in this factory’s guest house, where I was constantly revising a film literature script. One day, the attendant in the duty room informed me through a megaphone that some guests came for me.<br />
<br />
我走下楼去。几个身穿呢料制服的男子汉正等候在那里。<br />
<br />
I went downstairs. Several men in woolen uniforms were waiting there.<br />
<br />
“弟弟!”我一下把他从人群中辨认出来,他那黝黑的、已经被岁月的犁铮犁出了沟痕的面孔,刚经修饰,显得容光焕发。他彬彬有礼地上前来同我握手,向我介绍同来的人们。他们的神采和装束使我大为惊讶,要知道,他们是文学概念中的“庄稼汉”呀!<br />
<br />
"Brother!" I recognized him from the crowd at once. His dark face, which had been furrowed by the plows of years, had just been taken good care of, so he looked radiant. He came politely to shake hands with me and introduce me to the people who came with him. Their looks and costumes surprised me greatly. You know, they are "plowmen" if you describe them with the words in literature! <br />
<br />
“你们怎么来的?”<br />
<br />
"How did you come?"<br />
<br />
“自己带的车!”他指指外面的“吉普”。<br />
<br />
"My own car!" He pointed to the Jeep outside.<br />
<br />
两千多里路,他们竟然坐上了“专车”。<br />
<br />
There were more than 2,000 miles, but they should enjoy the tailored taxi service.<br />
<br />
“你们要去哪里?”<br />
<br />
"Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“深圳!”<br />
<br />
"Shenzhen!"<br />
<br />
“到深圳做什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are you doing in Shenzhen?"<br />
<br />
“考察!”<br />
<br />
"Investigation!"<br />
<br />
故乡,在我的情思里,那是黄昏的茅屋上一缕淡淡的炊烟,那是黎明的原野上一声悠长的牛叫,那是父亲头上一顶破了边的草帽,那是母亲褪色的衣襟上一块杂色补丁,那是弟弟一双饥饿的眼睛,那是妹妹辫子上一根粗糙的头绳……眼前的景象,使我无法和过去联系起来。<br />
<br />
I had a lingering affection for my hometown. When the thought of it came to me, a faint wisp of smoke from kitchen chimneys on the hut at dusk, a long cow bark on the plain at dawn, a straw hat with a broken edge on my father's head, a variegated patch on my mother's faded skirt, a pair of eyes of my younger brother showing his hunger, and a rough head band on my sister's braid sprang to my mind... But the sight before me made me unable to connect it with the past.<br />
<br />
“你们办好去边境的手续了吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have you completed the formalities for going to the border?"<br />
<br />
“办好了！”<br />
<br />
"Yes!"<br />
<br />
“坐火车去吗?”<br />
<br />
"Will you go by train?"<br />
<br />
“不,坐飞机去!”<br />
<br />
"No, we’ll go by plane!"<br />
<br />
“你们是怎样买到飞机票的?”<br />
<br />
"How did you get air tickets?"<br />
<br />
“作家协会的一位同志帮忙买的。”<br />
<br />
"A comrade of the China Writers Association helped us to buy it."<br />
<br />
我从一个农民走上文坛,足足用了二十多年的工夫,那是一条漫长的路,我仿佛觉得,这条路已经离开家乡很远很远,不料想,兄弟们斜刺里从青纱帐杀了出来, 竟一下子冲进了这个世界的核心部位。<br />
<br />
It took me more than 20 years to walk into the literary world from a farmer. It was a long road, on which I seemed to feel that I had left my hometown for a long time. Unexpectedly, my brothers ran from a field suddenly and rushed into the core of the world at once.<br />
<br />
他们这一行,是由年轻的镇委书记谢玉堂带领的,其中包括已经声名大震的农民企业家李德海等。他们去深圳不仅是为了开开眼界,原来家乡在那里是投了资的,一甩手拿出几十万、上百万元,现在他们将以“股东”的身份走在深圳繁华的街市上,从那个窗口去瞭望世界!<br />
<br />
They are led by Xie Yutang, a young Township Committee secretary, and they are accompanied by Li Dehai, a famous farmer entrepreneur. They go to Shenzhen not only to widen their horizons. Originally, our hometown invested hundreds of thousands and millions of yuan there, so now they will walk in the bustling Shenzhen as shareholders and look at the world from that window!<br />
<br />
我不知该怎样招待他们这些“天外来客”。<br />
<br />
I didn't know how to entertain these "men who fell to earth".<br />
<br />
我忽然想到了我的优势:“我领你们去看看摄影棚吧,里面在拍电影,挺好玩的。”<br />
<br />
I suddenly thought of a things I was good at: "Let me show you the studio, where movies are being made, which is quite fun."<br />
<br />
他们一行人顿时变成了“中国农民电影考察团”,随我向摄影棚走去。艺术对他们曾是遥远的、朦胧的,今天他们要走近前去看个仔细。<br />
<br />
They suddenly turned into a "Chinese Farmers Film Investigation Group" and followed me to the studio. Art used to be far away and obscure to them. Today they should come closer and take a closer look.<br />
<br />
我们被挡在摄影棚巨大的铁门外边,这里的制度是严格的,参观的人需经厂保卫科批准。<br />
<br />
We were kept out of the huge iron gate of the studio. The system here was strict, and visitors need to be approved by the factory security department.<br />
<br />
“中国农民电影考察团”被尴尬地晒在那里。<br />
<br />
The "Chinese Farmers Film Investigation Group" was embarrassed there.<br />
<br />
我忽然又想起了另ー个优势:“去看看'北影一条街’吧！”<br />
<br />
I suddenly remembered another place I was familiar with: "Let’s visit the Beijing Film Studio Street!"<br />
<br />
“北影一条街”是ー个半永久性的露天布景,坐落在厂院后区,巧夺天工的美工师们在这里搭起了具有古典风格的店铺、楼阁、墙垒。走在这里,像走进了陈旧的岁月之中。《垂帘听政》《海囚》《双雄会》《骆驼祥子》等等许多撼动人心的历史场面都是在这里拍摄出来的,中国农民在这里扮演了屈辱和失败的角色！<br />
<br />
It was a semi-permanent open-air set, which was located in the back area of the factory yard, where wonderful art designers set up shops, pavilions and walls with classical style. Walking here was like walking into the past. Many shocking historical scenes, such as Holding Court from behind a Screen, Captives, Shuang Xiong Hui and Camel Xiangzi, were filmed here, where Chinese farmers played the role of humiliation and failure!<br />
<br />
农民兄弟们巨大的步幅,很快把这一条小小的街道丈量完了,他们好奇地转到布景的后面,ー个个不禁哑然失笑:“都是假的呀!”<br />
<br />
They made huge strides so that they quickly visited this small street. They turned curiously to the back of the set, and all of them couldn't help laughing: "It's all fake!"<br />
<br />
没有什么事情能唤起他们的兴趣。我决意尽主人之道,把他们领到北影小食堂狠狠来上一顿,花个三十二十的！<br />
<br />
Nothing can arouse their interest. I was determined to do the honors, and lead them to our canteen to have a good meal, which will cost twenty or thirty yuan!<br />
<br />
“不,跟我们去吧！”他们反客为主。<br />
<br />
"No, come with us!" They turned passivity into activity.<br />
<br />
“去哪里?”<br />
<br />
"Where?"<br />
<br />
“小洞天,西餐!”<br />
<br />
"Xiaodongtian, which sells western food!"<br />
<br />
我简直是五体投地！我想象不出来,他们是怎么睁大寻觅的眼睛,在偌大的北京城找到了那个藏在地缝里的“小洞天”的。<br />
<br />
I swept my feet by them! I couldn't imagine how they kept their eyes wide open to find it hidden in the crevice of the ground in the vast Beijing.<br />
<br />
我的兄弟们在我面前变得陌生了,这一切变化是怎样开始的?是谁给了他们这新的风采、新的气质?<br />
<br />
My brothers have become strangers before me. How did all this change begin? Who gave them this new style and temperament?<br />
<br />
他们似乎在追赶着什么一乘上飞机,用超音速……<br />
<br />
They seem to be chasing something by plane at supersonic speed...<br />
<br />
文学,将仰首注视他们!<br />
<br />
Literature will look up at them!<br />
<br />
中国,是世界上拥有农民最多的国家,谁不了解当代的中国农民的变化,谁就不了解当代的中国。<br />
<br />
China is the country with the largest number of farmers in the world. Whoever does not understand the changes of contemporary Chinese farmers will not understand contemporary China.<br />
<br />
传统的农民观念在我的头脑里发生了动摇。<br />
<br />
The traditional concept about farmers has shaken in my mind.<br />
<br />
到胶东去!<br />
<br />
Go to Jiaodong!<br />
<br />
到故乡去!<br />
<br />
Go to hometown!<br />
<br />
第二章故乡之门<br />
<br />
Chapter 2 The Gate of Hometown<br />
<br />
烟台,我的故乡。<br />
<br />
Yantai is my hometown.<br />
<br />
据说,这是一个没有待业青年的城市。一位空军战斗英雄在这里担任副市长; 一位从北京招聘来的硕士研究生被委任为市委宣传部长（他们都是胶东的儿子）；留职停薪的教师开办旅游开发公司,市政府领导亲临剪彩;上海交通大学的几位校 友创办烟台思源新技术开发公司,经济学家于光远发来贺电;新建的电视台将于7月1日开播;集资兴办的综合性的烟台大学正在开挖地基;现代化的海上游乐园正在崆峒岛上破土动工;东郊的飞机场、西郊的高速公路正在筹建之中；那些农民办的饭店、旅馆、商场、烤鸭店、运输公司更是兴隆昌盛……真个是:昨梦乘风破浪去, 满山灯火是烟台。（I changed 啞桐 with 崆峒）<br />
<br />
It is said that this is a city without unemployed youth. An Air Force hero served as deputy mayor here. A graduate student recruited from Beijing was appointed as municipal party committee propaganda department minister (they are all residents of Jiaodong). Teachers who stayed without pay set up tourism development companies, and leaders of the municipal government cut the ribbon in person. Several alumni of Shanghai Jiaotong University founded Yantai Siyuan New Technology Development Company, and economist Yu Guangyuan sent a congratulatory message. The newly built TV station will start broadcasting on July 1. The comprehensive Yantai University, which received funds, is excavating the foundation. The modern sea amusement park is breaking ground on kongtong island. The airport in the eastern suburbs and the expressway in the western suburbs are under construction. Those restaurants, hotels, shopping malls, roast duck stores and transportation companies run by farmers are even more prosperous... No matter how rich they are, all they dream, miss and think about are Yantai.<br />
<br />
当天晚上,市委书记王济夫同志来到宾馆。凡来烟台的学者、作家、画家、书法 家、记者、编辑、科学家,他总要抽空来看望。他身上兼有军人的敏捷和学者的优雅,讲话却又充满诗人的激情,那浓重的乡音,又使我如见故里。<br />
<br />
That evening, Comrade Wang Jifu, Party Secretary, came to the hotel. He always takes time to visit scholars, writers, painters, calligraphers, journalists, editors and scientists who come to Yantai. He has the agility of a soldier and the elegance of a scholar, but his speech is full of the passion of a poet. When hearing his strong local accent, I feel like I’m in my hometown.<br />
<br />
他也是胶东当代的一个传奇人物。他一会儿身穿西服登上党代会的主席台,一会儿在宾馆和外商洽谈大型旅游服务系统的投资,一会儿又拉着商业局长深入个体饮食店解决原料供应,一会儿又到新成立的画院和画家们评论新作,一会儿又到某郊区县为农民企业家发表辩护演说……此刻为迎接对外开放,他刚刚从海湾对面的姊妹城市一大连考察回来,毫无倦意地坐在沙发上。<br />
<br />
He is also a contemporary legend in Jiaodong. He wore a suit and boarded the rostrum of the National Congress of the Communist Party of China. He discussed the investment of large-scale tourism service system with foreign businessmen in hotels. He took the commercial director to deeply understand individual restaurants to solve the supply of raw materials. He went to the newly established painting academy to comment on new works with painters. He went to a suburban county to give a defense speech for farmer entrepreneurs... At the moment, in order to embrace the opening to the outside world, he investigated in Dalian, a sister city across the bay, and just now he came back, sitting on the sofa without tiredness.<br />
<br />
“最近写些什么作品了?”他拍拍我刚送给他的《在这片国土上》的单行本,“你很少回家,应该回来看看我们这片乡土。这是一片烈士洒过鲜血的土地,今天发生了翻天覆地的变化。你应该看看农民怎样变成企业家的。”他边说边挥动手臂,仿佛这不是在屋里,而是在ー个视野开阔的制高点上,“'牟平七雄’’蓬莱八仙’’黄县五杰’’栖霞三能’……他们都是一窝子一窝子的。英雄无独有偶,都是竞争出来的。三中全会造就了一大批英雄,你应该去看看他们怎样跟着三中全会的旗帜, 改变了自己的命运。现在的家乡,可不是昔日的家乡了;现在的农业,可不是传统的农业了;现在的农民,可不是当年鲁迅笔下的阿Q、赵树理笔下的李有才,也不是高晓声笔下的陈奂生了。就是说,这个深刻变化不仅发生在地貌上、生产关系上, 也发生在人的灵魂深处,动摇了很多传统的东西……”<br />
<br />
"What have you written recently?" He patted the offprint In This Motherland I just gave him. "You seldom go home, so you should come back and see our native land. This is a land where martyrs have sacrificed their life, and the changes are beyond recognition today. You should see how farmers become entrepreneurs." As he spoke, he waved his arms, as if this was not in the house, but on a commanding height with a wide field of vision. "Seven Heroes in Muping, Eight Immortals in Penglai City, Five Heroes in Huang County and Three Advantages in Qixia... They all occur in our hometown. There is not only one hero. They are nurtured because of competition. The Third Plenary Session brought up a large number of heroes. You should see how they followed the directions of the Third Plenary Session and changed their own destiny. The present hometown is not the former one. Today's agriculture is not traditional agriculture. Today's farmers are not Ah Q written by Lu Xun, Li Youyu written by Zhao Shuli, or Chen Huansheng written by Gao Xiaosheng. That is to say, this profound change occurs not only in landform and production relations, but also in the depths of people's souls, changing many traditional things..."<br />
<br />
来也匆匆,去也匆匆。他走下楼去,站到汽车门前,海风掀起他黑色的衣襟,像鼓起的船帆。他回头说:<br />
<br />
He comes and goes in a hurry. He went downstairs and stood in front of the car. The sea breeze lifted his black clothes like a bulging sail. He turned back and said:<br />
<br />
“人是复杂的,文学也应该是复杂的。唱改革者之歌的时候,不要忘记他们的辛酸、他们的磨难。任何一项改革都不是在笔直的路上走的……”<br />
<br />
"People are complex, so should literature. When we are in the process of reform, we should not forget their bitterness and hardships. No reform is easy..."<br />
<br />
车走了,仲夏的海滨卷起一阵旋风。<br />
<br />
The car left, and a whirlwind rolled up on the seashore in midsummer.<br />
<br />
好有力的旋风啊!<br />
<br />
What a powerful whirlwind!<br />
<br />
第三章走进蓬莱仙境<br />
<br />
Chapter 3 Walking into Penglai Wonderland<br />
<br />
蓬莱阁上<br />
<br />
Penglai Pavilion<br />
<br />
——神话今说<br />
<br />
—Talking about Myth Today<br />
<br />
蓬莱,民族英雄戚继光的故乡,八仙过海传说的发祥地,你把魂魄凝聚在小小的蓬莱阁上。不是吗?要不,在这里只做过五天知府的苏东坡为什么留下了“东方云海空复空,群仙出没空明中”的诗句?为什么远离热土的老华侨要登临神堂烧上一炷香烛?为什么那些蓝眼睛的异国人要在参天的古柏前留一帧小照?<br />
<br />
Penglai City, the hometown of national hero Qi Jiguang and the place producing the legend of The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea, you condense your soul on the small Penglai Pavilion. Isn't it? Otherwise, why did Su Dongpo, who has only been a magistrate of a prefecture here for five days, leave the poem "I imagine clouds in the Eastern Sea is empty, but the immortals appear in quietness"? Why do old overseas Chinese who are far away from motherland go to the temple to burn incense? Why do those blue-eyed foreigners leave a small picture in front of ancient towering pine trees?<br />
<br />
在我登上这座建筑在民族心理上九百余年的仙阁时,适逢ー批外国友人乘兴游览,导游员刘妍,一位端庄聪颖的农民女儿（她爱好田径,学过武术,酷爱外语）,带领他们穿行在神话传说的历史中。<br />
<br />
When I stood in this fairy pavilion, which has been built for more than 900 years, it coincided with a group of foreign friends enjoying the tour. The tour guide Liu Yan, a dignified and intelligent woman whose father is a farmer (she loves athletics and foreign languages, and has studied martial arts), led them through the history of myths and legends.<br />
<br />
“请问刘小姐,这里为什么叫蓬莱呢?”<br />
<br />
"Excuse me, Miss Liu, why is this place called Penglai?"<br />
<br />
“据说,当年秦始皇为了求长生不老药,曾来到这里,他突然发现海里有一片赤色,就连忙问随行的方士:’那是什么?’方士答道:'那是仙岛。’秦始皇又问:'那仙岛叫什么名字?’方士回答不上来,慌乱中发现海水里有一片海草,'蓬’和'莱’都是草名,方士就顺ロ应付说:'蓬莱。’从此,蓬莱仙岛这个名字就流传开了……”<br />
<br />
"It is said that Qin Shi Huang came here in order to seek elixir of life. He suddenly found that there was red color in the sea, so he quickly asked the accompanying alchemist: 'What is that?' The alchemist replied, 'That's an island for immortals.' Qin Shihuang asked again, 'What's the name of it?' The alchemist couldn't answer that. In panic, he found that there was a piece of seaweed in the sea. 'Peng' and 'Lai' were both grass names, so the alchemist responded, 'Penglai.' Since then, the name Penglai Immortal Island has spread..."<br />
<br />
“刘小姐,您刚オ说,八仙过海中的八位神仙,是在蓬莱阁上喝醉了酒之后飘然过海……请问,他们过海到哪里去了?”<br />
<br />
"Miss Liu, you just said that the eight immortals who crossed the sea were drunk on Penglai Pavilion and flew above the sea... Excuse me, where did they go after crossing the sea?"<br />
<br />
“传说很多。不过,今天的蓬莱农村,发生了翻天覆地的变化,我想,八位仙人 一定是留恋人间的新生活,投胎为农民企业家、专业户、个体户。如果先生和女士们有兴趣,不妨到蓬莱农村一游……”<br />
<br />
"There are many legends. However, great changes have taken place in Penglai's rural areas today. I think the eight immortals must be nostalgic for the new life in the world and reborn as farmer entrepreneurs, family which engages in a specialized trade and self-employed entrepreneurs. Gentlemen and ladies, if you are interested in these changes, why not visit rural areas in Penglai?"<br />
<br />
<br />
刘妍莞尔一笑,博得一阵喝彩! 一位外宾说:<br />
<br />
Liu Yan smiled and got a big round of applause! A foreign guest said:<br />
<br />
“刘小姐,你可以做何仙姑了!”<br />
<br />
"Miss Liu, you can be He Xiangu (one of the Eight Immortals)!"<br />
<br />
伊甸园的葡萄熟了<br />
<br />
Grapes in Garden of Eden are Ripe<br />
<br />
——商品生产观念的形成<br />
<br />
—The formation of the commodity production concept<br />
<br />
今天,庄户人的自给自足的传统观念像雪山一样崩塌了!<br />
<br />
Today, the traditional concept of self-sufficiency of farmers has been greatly changed!<br />
<br />
大姜家大队的300亩葡萄园,就曾经是一个和传统观念搏斗的战场！<br />
<br />
The 300-mu (a unit of measurement in China) vineyard of the Jiang family was once a battlefield, on which people fought against traditional ideas!<br />
<br />
开始,28岁的支部书记姜世谭,决定根据三中全会精神调整农业内部结构,拿出西南洼110亩水浇地改种葡萄,立时受到围攻,上面点名,下面咒骂,连老父亲也质问他:“现在国家提高粮价,你去种什么葡萄?”<br />
<br />
At first, Jiang Shitan, the 28-year-old Party branch secretary, decided to adjust the internal structure of agriculture according to the spirit of the Third Plenary Session, and took out 110 mu of irrigated cropland in the southwest area to replant grapes. He was immediately besieged. His superiors named and shamed him and the ordinary people cursed him out. Even his old father questioned him: "Now the country has raised food prices, why do you plant grapes?"<br />
<br />
为了使葡萄园方方正正,还要耕掉50亩漫脚面的麦苗,于是老队长姜世希领着四个生产队长和姜世谭滚打在ー起:<br />
<br />
In order to make grapes grow vertically, it was necessary to remove 50 mu of wheat seedlings that had grown a little, so the old captain Jiang Shixi led four production captains to fight with Jiang Shitan:<br />
<br />
“败家子儿！这是四五万斤麦子呀!”<br />
<br />
"You black sheep! This is 40,000 to 50,000 jin of wheat!"<br />
<br />
“老祖宗撇下这么点好地,你穷作!”<br />
<br />
"The ancestors left such a good place, but you miss this opportunity!"<br />
<br />
“你不是吃人饭长的……”<br />
<br />
"Didn't you grow up eating rice?"<br />
<br />
姜世谭被逼成个“红眼狼”,鞭子一甩:“耕!”他推着雪亮的犁刀,绿生生的麦苗被翻到地下去了！<br />
<br />
Jiang Shitan was forced into a "red-eyed wolf" (a person who is greedy) and whipped: "Plow!" He pulled the sharp plow, and the green wheat seedlings were buried!<br />
<br />
1983年秋天,葡萄熟了,一嘟噜一串地压满了架子,听听那些名字吧:龙眼、泽香、白茹、枣晶、贵人香、赤霞珠……姜世谭把全村老少六百口子请了来:<br />
<br />
In the autumn of 1983, the grapes were ripe, and the trellises were filled with grapes. Listen to those names of grapes: Longyan, Zexiang, Bairu, Zaojing, Guirenxiang, Chixiazhu... Jiang Shitan invited 600 people from all over the village:<br />
<br />
“今天请乡亲们来吃葡萄！一百多个品种管尝！大家边吃,边算一笔账,按市价这一嘟噜葡萄能卖一块钱,大家可以数数有多少嘟噜……”<br />
<br />
"Today, I want to invite you villagers to eat grapes! There are more than 100 varieties for you! You can eat and calculate the accounts. According to the market price, a bunch of grapes can sell for one yuan. You can count how many bunches of grapes..."<br />
<br />
数得过来吗?<br />
<br />
Can you count them all?<br />
<br />
最后的账目还是由会计算出来的,一亩葡萄的收益相当于1万斤小麦,100多亩葡萄超过了全村1500亩粮田的总收入！<br />
<br />
The final account was calculated by the accountant. The income of 1 mu of grapes was equivalent to 10,000 jin of wheat, and the income of more than 100 mu of grapes exceeded the total income of 1,500 mu of grain fields in the village!<br />
<br />
伊甸园的葡萄熟了,大姜家人的思想飞跃了！<br />
<br />
The grapes in the Garden of Eden were ripe, and the Jiang family had progressive thoughts!<br />
<br />
姜世谭又来了第二个惊险的跳跃:建立食品加工厂,生产葡萄罐头,增值！<br />
<br />
Jiang Shitan met the second thrilling challenge: setting up a food processing factory and producing canned grapes so as to increase the value of grapes!<br />
<br />
食品厂在斗争中建起来了,开工40天,产值就达14万元。<br />
<br />
The food factory was built in a struggle. The output value reached 140,000 yuan after 40 days of operating.<br />
<br />
“凡是要改革ー项事情,总是有阻力。毛主席去世后,两个’凡是’听得多顺溜? 一说毛主席有错误有缺点,农民根本不承认这个事。搞大包干、责任制,可又舍不得丢掉大锅饭;要搞商品生产,阻力更大,这次改革是农民改行呀!农民做工, 书记当经理。过去是春天捅一棍,秋天吃一顿,现在像《霍元甲》主题歌里唱的: ’沉睡百年,国人渐已醒,睁开眼吧,抬头看吧’,和几千年的小农生产方式决裂了。”<br />
<br />
"There are always obstacles whatever things we want to reform. After Chairman Mao's death, we are used to listening to 'Two Whatevers' (it refers to the statement that we will resolutely uphold whatever policy decisions Chairman Mao made, and unswervingly follow whatever instructions Chairman Mao gave). When Chairman Mao is said to have made mistakes and shortcomings, farmers simply refuse to admit it. When we introduce the household responsibility system, farmers still want to mess together to eat food prepared in a large canteen. It’s more difficult if we want to carry out commodity production. This reform will push farmers to change their careers! Farmers do the work, and secretaries are managers. In the past, farmers worked in spring and harvested in autumn. Now, as the theme song of Fearless sings: 'After a hundred years of sleeping, Chinese people have gradually woken up. Open your eyes and look up'. Now it is totally different from the peasant mode of production for thousands of years. "<br />
<br />
草店流行红裙子<br />
<br />
Red Skirts are Popular in Forage Store<br />
<br />
——生活秩序、审美心理一见<br />
<br />
—Life Order and Aesthetic Psychology can be Found<br />
<br />
一走进草店大队,不时地看到ー些穿红裙子的姑娘,那么惹目。<br />
<br />
As soon as I walk into the production brigade of forage store, I see some girls in red skirts from time to time, who catch my eye.<br />
<br />
她们来自何方?<br />
<br />
Where do they come from?<br />
<br />
两年前,党支部书记王明福六进天津请来ー个病休的女工程师,一下子给她涨了20级工资（月工资300元,路费、生活费全包）,建起了一个染线厂。结果是:请了一个人,办了一个厂,富了一个村。后来又在染线厂的基础上办起了羊毛衫厂。整个草店的生活秩序改变了,实行生产责任制后的两个“剩余”（剩余劳力、剩余时间）变成了两个“紧张”,又从外村雇用了 500多劳力,都是年轻的农村姑娘。<br />
<br />
Two years ago, Wang Mingfu, the Party branch secretary, hired a female engineer on sick leave in Tianjin, suddenly gave her a 20-fold increase in salary (her monthly salary was 300 yuan, and travel expenses and living expenses are all included), and set up a dyeing factory. As a result, a person was hired, a factory was set up, and a village was rich. Later, a wool sweater factory was set up thanks to the dyeing factory. The life order of the whole forage store has changed. After the implementation of the production responsibility system, the two "surpluses" (surplus labor and surplus labor time) have become two "tensions", so more than 500 laborers have been employed from other villages, all of whom were young rural girls.<br />
<br />
这些来自南庄北疃的姑娘们,一开始是带着一些羞涩和矜持走上草店那带有路灯的、25米宽的大路的。可是织布机很快改变了老一辈留给她们的旧有的生活节奏。她们不再像父辈们那样,日出而作,日落而息。这个“不夜村”里,她们见面不再用父辈的“上山下山”,而是互相招呼着:“你夜班?”“你白班?”“你上班?”“你下班?”每当说着的时候,你可以看出她们内心的自豪和欢悦。她们也像城里人ー 样,提兜里装上一个铝饭盒,吃饭的时候聚在ー起,说着班上的一些事情。她们织出的羊毛衫印上蓬莱阁图案,运到了东北、陕北、山西、河南……她们的审美观已不满足于过去的头上插一朵野花、扎一根红头绳,现在她们用自己挣的工资买来了最时兴的红裙子。（I changed 瞳 with 疃）<br />
<br />
These girls from villages across China started to walk on the 25-meter-wide road with street lamps in the forage store with some shyness and reserve. However, the loom quickly changed the old life rhythm left by the older generation. They no longer worked at sunrise and rest at sunset like their parents. Instead, in this "sleepless village", they no longer said "going up and down the mountain" like their parents when they meet, but greeted each other: "Do you work night shifts?" "You work the day shift?" "You go to work?" "You're off duty?" Whenever they talk, you can see their inner pride and joy. Like people in the city, they carry an aluminum lunch box in their buckets, gather together when eating, and talk about some things in the workshop. The wool sweaters they knitted were printed with Penglai Pavilion patterns and shipped to Northeast China, Northern Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan... They were no longer satisfied with putting wild flowers and tying red ropes on their heads in the past, but now they have bought the most fashionable red skirts with their own wages.<br />
<br />
去访问一个穿红裙子的姑娘吧!<br />
<br />
Let’s go and interview a girl in a red skirt!<br />
<br />
她叫姜利华,是附近上口姜家大队社员,今年21岁,她胖乎乎的,生着一个端正的小翘鼻子,头发梳成两个“把把”,发梢是烫过的,显得很有韵致。<br />
<br />
She is Jiang Lihua, a member of the nearby Jiang’s production brigade. She is 21 years old. She is chubby, has a straight, wide flat nose, and two braids. Her hair tips are permed, which makes her look very charming.<br />
<br />
“你为什么到这里来?”<br />
<br />
"Why do you come here?"<br />
<br />
“不愿意在家种地。”她爽直地向我笑笑,胖胖的手来回搓着。<br />
<br />
"I don't want to cultivate land at home." She said with a frank smile, rubbing her plump hands back and forth.<br />
<br />
“家里分那么几亩地,也用不着闺女家,还有她哥,她爹。”陪伴我的离职老队长在一边插言。<br />
<br />
"A family with a few mu of land doesn’t need the help of daughters. Her brother and her father will do it." The departing captain who accompanied me interjected at the side.<br />
<br />
“你打算在这里干到什么时候?”<br />
<br />
"How long are you going to work here?" <br />
<br />
“干到工厂’黄’了的时候……不’黄'就在这里干!”<br />
<br />
"When the factory is bankrupted... if it runs well, I will work here!"<br />
<br />
“你去年收入了多少?”<br />
<br />
"How much did you earn last year?"<br />
<br />
“1010块,年底开支一大摞,没敢往家喊（拿）,公社信用社在这里,存了活期, 存折交给俺爹……”<br />
<br />
"1010 yuan. Because there were a lot of expenses at the end of the year, I didn't dare to take home. The rural credit cooperative is here, so I saved money in a savings account, and handed the passbook to my father..."<br />
<br />
“你花钱怎么办?”<br />
<br />
"What will you do if you want to spend money?"<br />
<br />
“问俺爹要……哎呀,你记这些干什么?让人家笑话。”<br />
<br />
"Ask my dad to... Oh, why do you write down these? People will laugh at me."<br />
<br />
“你爹妈高兴吧?”<br />
<br />
"Are your parents happy?"<br />
<br />
老队长:“他们当然高兴,她一个人挣的顶他们全家!”<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Of course they are happy. She alone earns more money than the whole family combined!"<br />
<br />
姑娘抿嘴一笑:“以前俺上下班骑俺二姐的自行车,今年俺爹托人上北沟买了辆'金鹿’。他说:’华,这辆车子就是你的了,好好骑。’俺回家一干活他就说:’不用不用,你去睡觉吧。’大姐二姐都不如我。上夜班带饭,俺妈都非给两个鸡蛋拿着。”<br />
<br />
The girl chuckled: "I used to ride my second sister's bicycle to commute. But this year, my father asked someone to go to Beigou to buy a 'Jin Lu' (it is a famous bicycle brand at that time). He said, 'Hua, it is yours, so take good care of it.' As soon as I got home to do housework, he said, 'No, no, you can go to bed.' The oldest sister and the second sister are not as good as me. When I take meals on the night shift, my mother insists on giving me two eggs."<br />
<br />
老队长:“你看看那些上夜班的闺女,哪个不拿鸡蛋?早先还有她们的?都是 早晨打给她爹她哥吃了。”<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Look at those girls who work the night shift. Which one doesn't take eggs? In the past, it was impossible. These eggs belonged to her father and brother in the morning."<br />
<br />
“明天王绪庙会,俺妈说给俺和嫂子一人20元钱,再添些夏天衣裳。”<br />
<br />
"Tomorrow it's the Wangxu Temple Fair, so my mother said she will give me and my sister-in-law 20 yuan so that we can buy summer clothes."<br />
<br />
老队长:“还添衣裳！如今的姑娘家,哪个的衣裳都是一身一身的。也不嫌衣裳多了生虫子!”（I changed 氏 with 长）<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Buy more clothes? Today's girls have too many clothes. They do not worry about more clothes will attract bugs?"<br />
<br />
“出去旅游过吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have you ever traveled?"<br />
<br />
“还没有!”<br />
<br />
"Not yet!"<br />
<br />
老队长:“可不喜去,一点好处也没有。招远的一帮子坐拖拉机上蓬莱阁,车翻沟里去了,一下子死了俩！再说听景有景,看景没景。逛一趟泰山来回得花一百多,还不如在家里喝100斤酒!”<br />
<br />
The old captain said: "Travelling is not preferred. It's no good at all. Some people in Zhaoyuan City went to Penglai Pavilion on a tractor, which turned over the ditch, and two of them died at once! Besides, listening to other’s introduction of the scenery is better than watching the scenery. It takes more than 100 yuan to visit the Mount Tai. It is better to drink 100 jin of wine at home!"<br />
<br />
姑娘没有吭声,也许她自有主张。<br />
<br />
The girl didn't say anything. Maybe she had her own ideas.<br />
<br />
回到招待所里,我思绪不能平息。过去这个村子是蓬（莱）黄（县）公路上的一个马车店,因兼卖草料而得名“草店”。至今老人们还能背下流传几辈子的歌谣: “草店穷,穷草店,吃水要走二里半,去时穿花鞋,回时露鸭蛋（后脚跟）,有女不嫁穷草店。”从歌谣中的“花鞋”二字猜测,这歌谣一定是受尽了苦楚的妇女们编出来的。而今妇女们进草店也不是那么容易了。王明福规定,来草店做工的姑娘除了要经过考试外,模样不耐看的不要,个头不高的不要——来记者照相没有机器高那还行吗?以后不光要会说中国话,还要会说外国话的——这里常有外宾来。<br />
<br />
After I returned to the guesthouse, my thoughts couldn't calm down. In the past, this village was an inn on Peng Huang (or Lai County) Highway, which was named forage store because it also sold forage. Up to now, the old people can still recite the ballad that has been passed down for several generations: "The forage store is poor. So poor the forage store is. It takes two and a half li to drink water. You wear beautiful shoes when you go there, but expose your heel when returning back. If you have a daughter, you won’t let her marry the guy in the poor forage store." From the words "beautiful shoes" in the ballad, it is guessed that this ballad must have been made up by women who suffered a lot. Nowadays, it is not so easy for women to be hired in this forage store. Wang Mingfu stipulates that girls who come to work here should not only pass the exam, but should be tall and easy on the eyes. After all, the reporter can’t take picture of her if she is not as tall as a camera. In the future, they should not only speak Chinese, but also speak foreign languages, because foreign guests often come here.<br />
<br />
在我门ロ一边,有一个卖杂货的摊贩,五十多岁年纪,戴着一副眼镜,一条眼镜腿断了,是用麻线拴在耳朵上的。在那些杂七杂八的货摊上,竟还摆放着一本《性的知识》,书的后面被老汉用钢笔把“0.32元”改为“0.45元”。黄昏,一个穿红裙子的姑娘匆匆走过我的窗前,她向四周瞥了一眼,丢下一元钱,拿起那本书,就红着脸跑开了。<br />
<br />
Near our door was a grocery vendor, who was in his fifties and wore a pair of glasses. One of his glasses legs was broken, so it was tied to his ears with a hemp rope. On those stalls with all kinds of matters, there was ''Knowledge of Sex'', which was surprising. At the back of the book, the old man changed 0.32 yuan to 0.45 yuan with a pen. At dusk, a girl in a red skirt hurried past my window, glanced around, dropped one yuan, picked up the book, and ran away with her face turning red.<br />
<br />
她们渴望了解世界,也渴望了解自身!<br />
<br />
They are eager to know the world and themselves!<br />
<br />
尽管还带着一点羞涩。<br />
<br />
Although they are a little shy.<br />
<br />
我看到老汉并未打算给姑娘找零钱,而是从屁股下的木箱里又拿出了一本《性的知识》,摆在原处,好像是唯一的一本。<br />
<br />
I saw that the old man did not intend to give the girl change, but took out another ''Knowledge of Sex'' from the wooden box under his ass and placed it on the original place. It seemed that this was the last one.<br />
<br />
文明,又被蒙上了不文明的尘埃。生活中的ー些事情,往往是这样以多种色调出现的。<br />
<br />
Civilizations get buried under layers of dust again. Some things in life often appear in various colors.<br />
<br />
村庄里的都市<br />
<br />
A City in the Village<br />
<br />
——金钱观念一瞥<br />
<br />
—The Introduction of Their concept of Money<br />
<br />
解放上海的时候,在广东同乡会门口的马路上,露天睡着我27军81师24I团 的一个年轻的机枪手,他有一米八的个子,打着绑腿,怀里抱着一挺“歪把子”。早晨醒来,他看到那高大的楼门上挂着一块牌子:“XX股份有限公司”。他好奇地问班长,那是干什么的?班长答不上;问排长,排长也答不上。后来得知,那是资本家集资做买卖......<br />
<br />
During the liberation of Shanghai, a young autorifleman from the 241 Regiment of the 81st Division of our 27th Corps fell asleep in the open air on the road at the entrance of Guangdong Townsmen Association. He was 1.8 meters tall, wearing puttees and holding a Type 11 light machine gun in his arms. When he woke up in the morning, he saw a sign hanging on the tall building door: "XX Co., Ltd.". He asked the monitor curiously. The monitor can't answer him and neither can the platoon leader. Later, he learned that it was capitalists who raised funds to do business...<br />
<br />
现在这个机枪手已经65岁了,他是孙陶大队“蔚阳农工商联合公司”总经 理——孙陶是烟台地区最早改为“公司”的大队。他毕竟不是当年的机枪手了,牙齿脱落,嘴巴瘪瘪的,有点像画中的“太上老君”,而他的改革的某些方面也带有封 建家长制的色彩。在“农工商联合公司”的牌子旁边,还挂着一块“村政府”的大牌子。他的穿戴也是几个时代混合着:上身着旧蓝布褂,下身穿军裤,脚上却跋拉着 泡沫拖鞋。左右上衣兜甩齐插ー支钢笔,显得不伦不类。窗外则同时传来机耕声和豆腐梆子声。<br />
<br />
Now this autorifleman is 65 years old. He is the general manager of Weiyang Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Joint Company of Sun Tao Brigade. Sun Tao was the first brigade to transform to company in Yantai City. After all, he was not the autorifleman of that year. His teeth fell out and his mouth was flat, which made him like the Daode Tianzun in the painting. Some aspects of his reform also had the color of feudal patriarchal system. Next to the sign of "Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Joint Company" was also a big sign of "Village Government". His dressing style was also a mixture of several times: he wore an old blue cloth jacket on the top, military trousers on the bottom, but wore foam slippers with his heels crushing the back of them. It was neither fish nor fowl to put a pen in the left and right upper pockets respectively. Outside the window, there was the sound of tractor ploughing and using wood blocks to sell tofu.<br />
<br />
“老李呀,一句话,我抓钱!过去咱总怕钱烧手,现在重点搞经济建设,这个观 念不转不行!我现在四个经理部:农业经理部、エ副业加工经理部、商业经理部、供 销经理部。农业经理部下设机械、饲养、技术队、林业队、二林队、鸡场、菜园子、花 场……エ副业加工部下设木业、石子场、预制件厂、面粉厂、挂面厂、铸造厂、刀具 厂、酿造厂……商业经理部下设中医、缝纫、塑料厂、冷食店、浴池、饭店、商店、糕 点、面包厂、水果、牙科诊所、照相馆……应有尽有,我要把孙陶建成个小城市,小上海。”我赞同地说:“你这里成了村庄里的都市了 !”<br />
<br />
"Old Li, in a word, I make money! In the past, we were always afraid that money burns a hole in our pocket, but now we focus on economic development. As a result, we have to change our concept! Now I have four management departments: agricultural management department, sideline processing management department, commercial management department, and supply and marketing management department. Agricultural management department consists of machinery, feeding, technical team, forestry team, chicken farm, vegetable garden, flower farm... The sideline processing department consists of wood industry, gravel field, prefabricated parts factory, flour factory, fine dried noodles factory, foundry, tool factory and brewery... The commercial management department consists of Chinese medicine, sewing, plastic factory, cold food shop, public bath, restaurant, shop, pastry, bread factory, fruit stalls, dental clinic and photo studio... I have everything. I want to transform Sun Tao into a small city like Shanghai." I agreed and said," It has become a city in the village! "<br />
<br />
他接下去:“你刚オ去洗澡了,我那个浴池怎么样?比你们济南不差吧!花了9万块!全是瓷砖铺地,从这里到黄县25里,到蓬莱40里,没有浴池!现在两毛五一个票,社员不用到河沟里洗澡了。青年妇女最愿意洗澡了,她们愿干净,过去都在晚上到河里洗一洗。凡来洗澡的人都说这是个好事!”<br />
<br />
He went on: "You just went to take a bath. How about my public bath? It's not worse than that in Jinan, right? It costs 90,000 yuan! The rooms are all paved with ceramic tiles. There is no public bath 25 miles from here to Huangxian County and 40 miles to Penglai! Now, with a ticket of 25 cents, members don't have to take a bath in the river ditch. Young women are most willing to take a bath because they want to be clean. They used to take a bath in a river at night. Everyone who comes to take a bath says public bath is a good thing! "<br />
<br />
“牙科、照相、水果这些小门面能盈多少利?”<br />
<br />
"How much profit can these small stores like dental clinic, photo studio and fruit stalls make?"<br />
<br />
“盈利不多,可碎金子也是金子呀!我的包子铺商号叫‘半分利’,它有吸引 力,喝茶水不要钱,都愿来。茶水喝多了,刮肚子,肚子空落落的,就要吃包子,不吃 包子,尿尿也是咱的肥料。别看这个小店,一年纯利润ー万四五千。”<br />
<br />
"There is not much profit, but it doesn’t matter! My Baozi shop is called Half Profit, which is attractive. It’s free for drinking tea, so everyone wants to come here. If you drink too much tea, you’ll feel hungry, so you’ll buy our Baozi. Even though you don’t buy it, your urine is also our fertilizer. Don't ignore this small shop, the annual net profit is 14,500 yuan."<br />
<br />
老经理好动,坐在沙发上讲着,不时探出身子拍打一下我的脚面:<br />
<br />
The old manager was hyperactive, sitting on the sofa, talking, and leaning out from time to time to pat my feet:<br />
<br />
“人是钱架的,鳖是水架的。过去是越穷越革命,老鹰拴在鳖脖子上,有能耐也 飞不起来！现在,为了抓钱,我还搞了个’集体入股’。最小十元一股,多者千元一股。农民攒钱怕人,这样入股,提高了集体主义思想,他觉得公司也有他的一份。 我带头入了一万元的股。股金分红按四六。彭真讲'把社会上资金集中起来,长期使用’,做事要有上面精神,打起官司来有说头。’肥水不外流’嘛！我还向你们牟平李德海介绍过这个法儿。”<br />
<br />
"Water is to turtles what money is to people. In the past, we were poor but we worked hard to reform, just like the eagle who was tied to the neck of the turtle, could not fly though it was capable! Now, in order to raise fund, I also promote collective ownership. You can buy a stock with 10 yuan at the minimum, or you can buy a stock with over 1,000 yuan. Taking shares in this way improves collectivism for farmers saving money are worried that others will steal their money. They feels that the company also has their shares. I took the lead to become a shareholder by buying stocks with 10,000 yuan. We’ll split the money forty-sixty. Peng Zhen once said, 'Pool the funds in the society and use them for a long time.' We should have the spirit of superiors so that we can find excuses when we start a lawsuit. 'Every miller draws water to his own mill.'! I also introduced this method to Li Dehai, your home folks in Muping."<br />
<br />
我说:“这种做法合适吗?”<br />
<br />
I said, "Is this appropriate?"<br />
<br />
他并不理会我:“上头财政把得那么死,我们自己为什么不能搞活点?反正在这个小村里我说了算。不宾（佩）服?谁的老婆在家干吗我都知道！我宾服李德 海这个人,有经济头脑。前ー阵子传谣言,说李德海被抓起来了,罪名是什么?’强奸妇女’!当时我就不信。”他忽然压低声音,“别说他那么大的家业忙得没有心思,就是有那个心思,像他这样的英雄还用强奸?……”<br />
<br />
He didn’t answer this question: "The requirements of finance are so rigid, so why can't we be flexible?" Anyway, I have the final say in this small village. People all admire me! I even know what other’s wife is doing at home! I respect that Li Dehai knows how to make money. A while ago, rumors spread that Li Dehai had been arrested. The crime is sex assault! I didn't believe it at that time." He suddenly lowered his voice," He is too busy in managing his own company. Even if he wants to rape a woman, a person like him needs to do that?..."<br />
<br />
对这话,我只能报以苦笑。<br />
<br />
To this, I can only laugh bitterly.<br />
<br />
神秘的登州商行<br />
<br />
A Mysterious Trading Company in Dengzhou<br />
<br />
——信息观念及其他<br />
<br />
—Information Concept and Other Things<br />
<br />
如果有人每年花3万元租金在城里租一层宾馆,你一定会感到不可思议,如果这个人是一个走出磨道的农民,那你更会惊奇不已！<br />
<br />
If someone spends 30,000 yuan a year to rent a hotel in the city, you will feel incredible. If this person is a farmer who walks out of the mill, you will be even more surprised!<br />
<br />
这是乡下农民进城办的ー个商行。宾馆门口“登州商行”四个钢铁铸的大字, 是花800元从青岛请了著名书法家写的。曾几何时,高晓声笔下的陈奂生在县城的宾馆里闹出了一通又一通的笑话,这个“登州商行”里是否还有陈奂生这样的农民呢?<br />
<br />
This is a trading company run by rural farmers coming to cities. The four big characters of "Dengzhou Trading Company" at the entrance of the hotel were written by a famous calligrapher invited from Qingdao by spending 800 yuan. Once upon a time, Chen Huansheng, a character in a work written by Gao Xiaosheng, made a fool of himself again and again in hotels of county towns. Is there a farmer like Chen Huansheng in this trading company?<br />
<br />
我在这个商行的总经理室见到的第一个人物是位20岁出头的姑娘,她叫吴鸿岩,圆胖胖的脸,扎两个把把,眉眼中带有农村姑娘的憨厚和灵秀。<br />
<br />
The first person I met in the general manager's office of this trading company was a girl in her early twenties. She was Wu Hongyan, with a round chubby face and two braids. From her appearance, I could find the characteristics of a rural girl, simple and smart.<br />
<br />
我进门时,她正俯在ー个大书案上从四十多份报刊中检索,把有关商品信息的 部分剪贴起来。有些报刊是我从来没见过的:《上海译报》《上海物资市场》《致富报》《市场周报》《经济预测》《农村金融》《深圳特区报》《湖南经济报》……<br />
<br />
When I entered the door, she was leaning over a large desk, searching from more than 40 newspapers and periodicals, and cutting and pasting some information about commodities. Some newspapers and periodicals I have never seen before: ''Shanghai Translation Newspaper'', ''Shanghai Material Market'', ''Success Newspaper'', ''Market Daily'', ''Economic Forecast'', ''Rural Finance'', ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'', and ''Hunan Economic Newspaper''...<br />
<br />
“你是秘书吗?”我发问。<br />
<br />
"Are you the secretary?" I asked.<br />
<br />
“没有那么大,是文书。”她赧然一笑。<br />
<br />
"No, I’m not a high-ranking member. I’m a clerk." She smiled bashfully.<br />
<br />
当知道我是职业创作员时,她竟和我从文学角度探讨起社会问题:“你说现在农民身上有没有阿Q精神?”<br />
<br />
When she knew that I was a professional creator, she discussed social problems with me from a literary point of view: "Do you think there is Ah Q spirit in farmers now?"<br />
<br />
我一下子回答不上来。<br />
<br />
I can't answer it at once.<br />
<br />
她认真地说:“我一直在想这个问题。阿Q精神是有的。农民和土地绑在一块儿,受了欺侮也走不出去,就得自己安慰自己。有时候没有阿Q精神就活不 下去。”<br />
<br />
She said seriously, "I have been thinking about this question. I think they have Ah Q spirit. Farmers have strong relationships with the land, and they can't go to other places after being bullied, so they have to comfort themselves. Sometimes they can't live without Ah Q spirit."<br />
<br />
这话不是在《文艺报》组织的农村题材座谈会上,而是出自一个穷乡僻壤的农村姑娘之口!<br />
<br />
This was not at the symposium on rural themes organized by Wen yi bao (Literature and Art Newspaper), but from a rural girl in the backcountry!<br />
<br />
她的哥哥吴鸿康走进来了,他是这个商行的副经理,也一起参与“农民政治经济学”的讨论:“农村有些干部很像’土皇帝’!责任制某种意义上就是分散他们的权力,冲破旧的组合!为什么责任制受到群众那么拥护?不值得干部思考吗?我们为什么进城?就是为了摆脱大队给我们的束缚！人挪活,树挪死。我们出来不是为挣钱的,为了干一番事业给他们看看!”<br />
<br />
Her older brother Wu Hongkang, deputy manager of this firm, came in and also participated in the discussion of peasant political economy: "Some rural cadres are very similar to local tyrants! In a sense, the responsibility system is to disperse their power and break through old patterns! Why is the responsibility system so supported by the masses? Isn't it worth thinking about by cadres? Why are we in town? Because we want to get rid of the shackles given to us by the brigade! Trees will die when moved, but people will become more alive. We didn't come out to earn money, but to show them our achievements!"<br />
<br />
吴鸿岩插话说:“农民进城办商行,免不了带有农民的痕迹。有了成绩容易满足,遇到挫折容易灰心丧气,办事不讲效率,拖拖拉拉。我们总经理对职员要求:农民进城必须去掉农民意识,搞商品流通,散漫不行。现在是信息时代,一些农民的旧习气不改,根本搞不好商品生产和商品流通。光蓬莱,我们这样的商行就有九 家,农民办的就有三家,竞争很厉害,不抓紧能行吗?我们搞正规化,每天五点半起床,跑步;六点钟回来,自学半个小时;七点开饭;七点半上班;中午十一点半下班……晚上九点又和全国各地办事处打电话,互通信息。”<br />
<br />
Wu Hongyan interjected: "When farmers go to cities to run a trading company, they will inevitably show the characteristics of farmers. For example, It is easy for them to satisfy with achievements, to be frustrated when encountering setbacks, to be inefficient and procrastinating. Our general manager asked the staff that farmers must get rid of bad habits of farmers when entering the city, because being lax won’t help commodity circulation. Now it is the information age, so commodity production and circulation will not be possible at all, if some farmers' old habits will not be changed. In Penglai alone, there are nine trading companies like ours and three run by farmers. The competition is fierce. Can we do it without working hard? We establish routines for them. They should get up and run at 5:30 every day; Come back at six o'clock and self-study for half an hour; Dinner is served at seven o'clock; Go to work at 7:30; Get off work at 11:30 noon... and call offices all over the country at 9:00 p.m. to exchange information."<br />
<br />
神秘的登州商行！<br />
<br />
Mysterious Dengzhou Trading Company!<br />
<br />
总经理侯日超出场了,夹着黑色皮包,穿着一身笔挺的西服,他40岁出头,方 方的额头,深深的眼窝,尖下巴,眼角有道道血丝,脸上表情淡漠,却隐示着ー种坚 毅。这个农民似乎是从地平线下突然冒出来的,不,确切地说,他是从土地里走出 来的,他大胆地割断了与土地的“脐带”,把承包的16亩责任田,全部转包给别人, 只要转包户每年向他全家每人提供200斤小麦、100斤花生,他用国家牌价购买,而 他和妻子都投身于这个商行的工作。他走出土地,同时也走出了自己的历史。作为ー个农民,他推过车,挑过担子, 整过“大寨田”,当过生产队长,还曾被评选为民兵“学习毛主席著作积极分子”。他好读书,好文娱,好搞创新性的玩意儿。当瓦匠,半年就掌尺,因为老瓦匠们舍不得花钱买工具,而他知道石家庄的泥板是最好的。村里搞剧团,他鼓鼓捣捣,组织起十来个人的小乐队。“文革”开始他又学会扎针,社员有个头痛脑热,不上公社医院,来找他。1983年承包橡胶厂,发了财,三个支部委员和一个大队长,天天去抢账,他一气之下走出了村庄……<br />
<br />
Hou Richao, the general manager, wearing a black trim suit, came. He was in his early 40s, with a square forehead, deep eye sockets, pointed chin, bloodshot eyes, and indifferent expression on his face, which showed a kind of perseverance. The farmer seemed to have popped up from below the horizon. No, to be exact, he came out of the land. He boldly cut off the "umbilical cord" with the land and subcontracted all the contracted 16 mu of land to others. As long as the subcontractor provided 200 kg of wheat and 100 kg of peanuts to his whole family every year, he bought them at the national quotation, so he and his wife devoted themselves to the work of this company. He walked out of the land and also out of his own history. As a farmer, he pushed cars, shouldered burdens, learn from Dazhai in agriculture" Campaign, worked as a production captain, and was once selected as an "activist in studying Chairman Mao's works" as a militia. He likes reading, entertainment activities and engaging in innovative things. When he was a bricklayer, he knew how to know the size in half a year, because the old bricklayers were reluctant to spend money on tools, but he knew that the clay tablets in Shijiazhuang were the best. When the village set up a troupe, he organized a small band of about a dozen people. At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, he learned acupuncture. Members who had a headache or fever didn't go to the commune hospital but came to him for help. In 1983, he contracted a rubber factory and made a fortune, so three branch members and a team leader went to take his credit every day. As a result, he left the village in anger...<br />
<br />
<br />
现在登州商行有四十多个职工,大都是在村里待得压抑的农民。侯日超一跃成为商行经理,下分经理办公室、供销科、总务科、财务科、信息科、工业科,现在分别在大连、沈阳、天津、北京、上海、青岛、哈尔滨等大城市派设有办事处和信息员。<br />
<br />
At present, there are more than 40 employees in Dengzhou Trading Company, most of which are depressed farmers in the village. Hou Richao has become the manager of it, and the company is divided into manager's office, supply and marketing department, general affairs department, finance department, information department and industry department. Now he has offices and information officers in Dalian, Shenyang, Tianjin, Beijing, Shanghai, Qingdao, Harbin and other metropolises.<br />
<br />
信息观念在他们身上的建立,使我惊叹不已。<br />
<br />
I am amazed at their information concept.<br />
<br />
“搞商品流通,必须到经济发达的地方去办,经济发达的地方文化也发达,文化 发达的地方,消费也发达,这样才能正确地了解市场。过去是秀才不出门,便知天下事,那是靠读书,现在光靠书本不行了,等书印出来,什么信息也晚了三秋。现在信息手段很多,电话、电报、广播、报纸、电视、联络网、社会交往。生产カ发展的历史,就是交往不断扩大的历史……马克思讲人与人之间的关系,是经济基础的核心,只有有了人与人之间的关系,才能去创造财富。现在我们采用了广泛联系的方针,在经济学上叫'广泛联合’,我们在这里是经营中心,在全国伸出了若干条腿, 借助各地大中心,发挥咱小中心的作用。这叫’经济横向联系’。”他随手撕下ー张 印刷的信息调查报告表,说,“在外的办事员、信息员、供销员定期ー个月寄回两 次。”这表上有物品种类、价格、规格型号、数量、信息编号、市场形势、预测分析,“我们还准备搞密码,考虑到经济信息要保密。我们还聘请了法律顾问、经济顾问、政策顾问。”<br />
<br />
"To engage in commodity circulation, we must go to economically developed places, where culture is also developed, and in the places where culture is developed, there is higher consumption level. Therefore, in these places, we can correctly understand the market. In the past, scholars knew what was going on in the world without going out, which depended on reading. Now, reading books alone can't do it. When books are printed, any information will be late. Nowadays, there are many means of information, such as telephone, telegraph, radio, newspaper, television, contact network and social communication. The history of production development is the history of expanding communication... Marx said that the relationship between people is the core of economic foundation, and only with the relationship between people can wealth be created. Now we have adopted the policy of extensive ties, or extensive alliance in economics. We are the business center here, stretching out a number of legs throughout the country, and playing the role of our small centers with the help of big centers in various places. This is called lateral economic ties." He tore off a printed information investigation report and said, "The clerks, information officers and supply and marketing staff who are outside regularly send it back twice a month." This form contained the type, price, specification, quantity, information number, market situation and forecast analysis of goods. "Considering that economic information should be kept confidential, we are also going to study cryptography. We have also hired legal advisers, economic advisers and policy advisers."<br />
<br />
在我面前的,绝不是“闰土”和“陈奂生”了 !<br />
<br />
In front of me, it was by no means Run Tu and Chen Huansheng (they are two characters in novels)!<br />
<br />
我顺手抓起一份信息剪报,在“山东莱芜羊里公社,可收获优质大蒜4万斤寻求销路”这一段文字下面有红笔标示。<br />
<br />
I grabbed an information clipping conveniently, and there was a red pen mark under the paragraph "In Yangli Commune, Laiwu, Shandong Province, you can harvest 40,000 jin of high-quality garlic, which are waiting to be sold".<br />
<br />
“你们准备买大蒜吗?”我问。<br />
<br />
"Are you going to buy garlic?" I asked.<br />
<br />
“香港八汇有限公司找我们订了 300吨,照国家外贸价。”<br />
<br />
"Hong Kong Bahui Co., Ltd. ordered 300 tons of garlic from us and will pay us at the national foreign trade price."<br />
<br />
“他们去莱芜联系过了吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have they gone to Laiwu to ask this thing?"<br />
<br />
“没有。大蒜价格还要落,现在去联系价格不好商量。”<br />
<br />
"No. The price of garlic is still falling. It is not easy to determine the price now."<br />
<br />
“你何以预测出大蒜要落价?”<br />
<br />
"How did you predict that garlic would fall in price?"<br />
<br />
“第一个信息,今年蒜薰多,蒜薰丰收,大蒜也必然丰收。现在买是我们求他,将来买是他来求我!”<br />
<br />
"The first information is that this year's garlic scapes are abundant, so garlic will be abundant. If we buy it now, we will be at a disadvantage, but if we buy it in the future, they will be at a disadvantage! "<br />
<br />
其机敏可见一斑。<br />
<br />
His cleverness can be seen.<br />
<br />
“我们搞的代购代销,是商品流通的一种形式,是市场调节的手段。现在我们 也考虑办工厂,先上纸箱厂、饮料厂、瓷雕厂、裘装厂——这个是和外商合办的。还 准备买专利……等到1985年可以打个漂亮仗,纯收入拿500万,向国家提供600 万元税收。蓬莱缺大旅馆,外国人来了还要回烟台去住。我们准备盖个十三层的高级旅馆,要有占地100亩的高尔夫球场,将来蓬莱以它特有的条件一蓬莱阁成 为烟台的贸易中心,吸引外商。他不了解你这些人,怎么投资?”<br />
<br />
"Purchasing overseas products for others and consignment are forms of commodity circulation and a means of market regulation. Now we are also considering the establishment of factories, including carton factory, beverage factory, porcelain carving factory and fur factory. The fur factory is jointly organized with foreign businessmen. I'm also going to buy patents... By 1985, I can make great achievements, with a net income of 5 million yuan and a tax of 6 million yuan to the country. Penglai has no big hotels, so foreigners have to go back to Yantai to live when they come. Therefore, we are going to build a high-class hotel with 13 floors and a golf course covering an area of 100 mu. In the future, Penglai will become the trade center of Yantai with its unique building—Penglai Pavilion, attracting foreign businessmen. If they don't know you people, how can they invest money? "<br />
<br />
他回身用拇指指指墙上的彩色挂历,那是一幅夏威夷海滩浴场的照片:“你看 这夏威夷海滨,我们蓬莱为什么不能搞成这样?”<br />
<br />
He turned around and pointed to the colorful calendar, a photo of Hawaii a seaside resort, on the wall with his thumb: "Look at it. Why can't Penglai be like this?"<br />
<br />
他的笑容中或有当年“乐队队长”的率直和快乐。<br />
<br />
His smile may have the frankness and happiness of the band leader of that year.<br />
<br />
“中国的革命,在某种意义上说是农民的革命,可是农民还没有得到应有的利 益。三中全会解决了这个问题,现在政策允许你的思维发展。过去在农村是智力 高的伺候智力低的。古话说:出头椽子先烂,烂也是ー辈子。不要珍惜你的生命, 一千岁又怎么样?要珍惜社会贡献……有人说我们吹牛X。随他!过去说吹牛X不纳税,现在吹牛X得纳税,不信试试!”<br />
<br />
"China's revolution is the farmers’ revolution in a sense, but they have not yet got the benefits they deserve. The Third Plenary Session solved this problem, and now the policy allows you to think out of the box. In the past, people in the countryside with high intelligence served people with low intelligence. As the old saying goes, "If you stick your head out, you may be at a lifetime risk." Don't cherish your life. Who cares if you can live a very long time? We should cherish our social contributions... Some people say we are full of hot air. Who cares! In the past, it was said that bragging did not pay taxes, but now bragging has to pay taxes. If you don't believe it, just try it!"<br />
<br />
第四章在历史的接合部上<br />
<br />
Chapter 4 At the Junction of History<br />
<br />
是的,无数个瞬间,组成了人类历史的长河。<br />
<br />
Yes, countless moments constitute the long river of human history.<br />
<br />
历史学家在研究历史的时候,没有忽视“瞬间”这个历史的“微粒”。战争的决胜,国家的兴衰,在某个瞬间所引起的质变:项羽鸿门宴却步于樊哙之勇,司马懿一念败退于诸葛亮的空城计,希特勒对盟军诺曼底登陆之失算……历史往往在某个瞬间悄悄地开始了一个时代。国家、民族的命运是这样,个人的命运也是这样。但历史毕竟是个记忆衰退的老人,它向后人叙述的,大都是些概念,而文学,却需要到光阴之河里去捕捞无数充满感情色彩的细节,组成它的艺术生命。趁历史还没有走远,我们还来得及去回首看一看那打着时代变革印记的无数个瞬间。<br />
<br />
When historians study history, they do not ignore the moments, which constitute the long river of human history. The decisive victory of a war, the rise and fall of a country, and the qualitative changes caused by a certain moment can be seen in history. Xiang Yu's Feast at Swan Goose Gate was discouraged from Fan Kuai's courage. Sima Yi failed because of Zhuge Liang's Empty Fort Strategy. Hitler made mistakes about his allied forces’ Normandy landings... History often quietly started an era at a certain moment. This is the fate of a country and a nation, and so is the fate of an individual. However, history is an old man with declining memory, and most of what he narrates to future generations are concepts. But if we want to know literature, we need to go to the river of time to salvage countless emotional details to form its artistic life. While history has not gone far, we still have time to look back and see the countless moments marked by the changes of the times.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他们像没娘的孩子<br />
<br />
At That Moment, They Were Like Motherless Children<br />
<br />
——困惑篇<br />
<br />
—Confusion<br />
<br />
“辛辛苦苦30年,一夜回到解放前！呜呜呜……”<br />
<br />
"After 30 years of hard work, The situation is changed into that before liberation overnight! Boohoo..."<br />
<br />
烟台地区责任制的巨大闸门终于被撬动起来之时,在栖霞县ー个山沟的野夼大队办公室里,7个党支部委员对着毛主席的画像伤心地哭了起来。<br />
<br />
When the huge gate of the responsibility system in Yantai area was finally opened, seven Party branch members in the Yekuang brigade office of a ravine in Qixia County cried sadly at the portrait of Chairman Mao.<br />
<br />
他们平均55岁,7个人中有6个当过八路军、3个二等残疾军人一个个是共 产党的忠诚战士。这里是革命老区,许世友司令员曾住在附近的东下布。他们给子弟兵缝过军装,养过伤员……是社会主义救了这个旧社会有名的“叫花子布”，今天有了果园,有了水库,有了马车,有了柴油机和拖拉机……<br />
<br />
They were 55 years old on average. Six of the seven have worked in the Eighth Route Army, and three were second-class disabled soldiers. All of them were loyal fighters of the Communist Party. This was an old revolutionary base area, and Commander Xu Shiyou once lived in Dongxiabu nearby. They sewed military uniforms for their soldiers and raised the wounded... It was socialism that saved the famous backcountry in the old society. Today, there are orchards, reservoirs, carriages, diesel engines and tractors...<br />
<br />
这些家业,都是他们听毛主席的话带领群众创出来的。今天毛主席订的某些章程要更改了,是在他老人家已经不在了的时候……<br />
<br />
These possessions were created by them who led masses and followed Chairman Mao. Today, some constitutions made by Chairman Mao have to be changed when he has gone...<br />
<br />
“呜呜呜……”老年人的哭声是悲怆的。<br />
<br />
"Boohoo..." They wailed.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他痛苦地否定了自己<br />
<br />
At That Moment, He Painfully Denied Himself<br />
<br />
——省悟篇<br />
<br />
—Enlightenment<br />
<br />
这是个倔老头儿!<br />
<br />
This is a stubborn old man!<br />
<br />
他很少服输。“文化大革命”中一连斗了他33次,在黄县,造反派都说他磨山 迟家是“小台湾”,而他迟本达,就是顽固不化的“蒋光头”。在批斗大会上,“造反派”踢他一脚,他当即回敬一拳,硬是把“造反派”给打散了。后来,他磨山迟家成了“红色革命根据地”,县里的老干部,干社会主义的“铁柱子”,每天有几百人在这里吃饭。现在他大小机械100多台,汽车3辆,拖拉机6台,果园!000亩,还搞不过你的“大包干”?他有空就悄悄往邻队地里一蹲,不是去学习,而是挑刺儿。<br />
<br />
He seldom admitted defeat. During the Cultural Revolution, he experienced struggle sessions 33 times in a row. In Huang County, the rebels said that residents in the Moshanchijia village was Taiwanese, and he Chi Benda was the stubborn Chiang Kai-Shek. During the struggle session, when the rebels kicked him, he immediately responded with a punch, which dealt a blow to them. Later, this village became a revolutionary base; the Chi family became veteran cadre in the county and the backbone of socialism. Hundreds of people eat there every day. Now he has more than 100 machines, large and small, 3 cars, 6 tractors and 1000 mu of orchards. Isn’t it better than the household responsibility system? When he was free, he quietly appeared in the neighboring team, not to study, but to find fault.<br />
<br />
和共和国同龄的县委书记杜世成,苦口婆心来劝说:“还是搞责任制好,700户社员,就有700个’队长’,专业化、社会化是今后的方向。”<br />
<br />
Du Shicheng, secretary of the county party committee, was born in 1949, when the People’s Republic of China was found. He did his best to convince Chi and said: "It is better to engage in the household responsibility system. There are 700 captains for 700 households. Specialization and socialization are the future direction."<br />
<br />
老头儿不服劲儿,又不得不做出样子,把大锅饭改成“中锅饭”,ー个大队分成 两个,12个生产队分成了 24个生产组,中央不是说“多种形式”吗?<br />
<br />
The old man disagreed with him, but had to pretend to comply with his instructions, so he changed food prepared in a large canteen into food prepared in a medium-sized canteen. Besides, one brigade was divided into two, and 12 production teams were divided into 24 production groups. After all, the central government said they could introduce various forms.<br />
<br />
年底公社列表张榜,挂到会议室正面墙上,迟本达不敢过去正视,因为磨山迟家这个一向当“领头雁”的,一下子变成了尾巴梢子,简直令人不敢相信,却又是千真万确的事实!<br />
<br />
At the end of the year, the commune list was posted and hung on the front wall of the conference room. Chi Benda did not dare to face it up, because Chi's family, who has always taken the lead, suddenly performed bad, which was unbelievable, but was also real!<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,老头子垂下了白花花的脑袋,却装着用手去搔头……<br />
<br />
At that moment, the old man hung down his head with gray hair, but he pretended to scratch his head with his hands...<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他失明的双目透进了阳光<br />
<br />
At That Moment, His Blind Eyes Feel Sunshine<br />
<br />
——信仰篇<br />
<br />
—Faith<br />
<br />
掖县是烟台地区的“西南大门”,紧挨着责任制搞得较早的昌潍地区。当初有的领导同志曾提出:“掖县要挡住西南风!”<br />
<br />
Ye County is the southwest gate of Yantai City, and it is next to Changwei area where the household responsibility system was established earlier. At the beginning, some leading comrades once said: "Ye County should block the southwest wind!"<br />
<br />
一个双目失明的瘦小老人点着一根七尺长的竹竿走出来了,他是掖县过西乡徐家大队的当家人徐斌。这个双目失明的人当了30多年支部书记,他用一根竹竿探路,带着全村600多户人家,两千多口子人,从昨天走到今天。<br />
<br />
A skinny old man who was blind came out with a seven-chi bamboo pole. He was Xu Bin, the head of Xu family brigade in Guoxi Township, Ye County. This blind man has been a branch secretary for more than 30 years. He used a bamboo pole to explore the way and took more than 600 households and more than 2,000 people in the village from the past to the present.<br />
<br />
一切都是摸索过来的。这或许反映了中国农民在特殊条件下的历史进程!<br />
<br />
He explored everything, which may reflect the historical process of Chinese farmers under special conditions!<br />
<br />
他是怎样把徐家大队领成一个“先进”啊一竹竿上刻着尺寸,翻过的地,他 要逐块去量一量,看是否够深度。社员剜谷苗,他要去摸一摸稀疏。到后来,有的社员锄地光锄地头,糊弄他这个瞎汉,他检查生产,不得不点着ー根竹竿,向青纱帐深处走去。过去,这一些被当作先进事迹,在各种会议上介绍,那其实是ー种多么深刻的悲剧,一种多么令人痛心的象征! !<br />
<br />
How did he lead the Xu family brigade into an advanced brigade? A bamboo pole was engraved with dimensions, so he had to measure the land one by one to see if it was deep enough. When members cut the grain seedlings, he was going to feel whether they were sparse. Later, some members only hoed in edge of a field to fool him because he was blind. Therefore, when he checked production, he had to walk with his bamboo pole to the depths of green fields. In the past, these were regarded as advanced deeds and introduced at various conferences. What a profound tragedy and a sad symbol!!<br />
<br />
他率先实行了生产责任制。用竹竿捅破那长期以来形成的不符合实际情况的固有观念!<br />
<br />
He took the lead in implementing the production responsibility system, so he eliminated the inherent concept that has taken root for a long time and did not conform to the actual situation with his bamboo pole!<br />
<br />
他率先发展了商品生产,办起了糖厂、面粉加工厂、冰库（这是我见到的第一座 农民冰库）、修配厂……<br />
<br />
He spearheaded the commodity production, like a sugar factory, a flour processing factory, an icehouse (this was the first farmer icehouse I have seen) and a repair factory...<br />
<br />
他不能看电影,却在全公社修起了第一座带座位的农民影院;他不能看书,却 办起了有数千册藏书的图书馆;他没有孩子在身边,却修起了连联合国的考察团也为之咋舌的幼儿园。<br />
<br />
He was unable to watch movies, but he built the first farmer cinema with seats in the whole commune. He was unable to read books, but he has set up a library with thousands of books. He had no children around, but he has built a kindergarten that even amazed the United Nations delegation.<br />
<br />
他看不见色彩,却在创造着彩色的生活！<br />
<br />
He can't see color, but he was creating a colorful life!<br />
<br />
王济夫带着《烟台日报》的总编辑刘鹏雁来到这里,激动不已,对总编辑说: “掖县有了领头人,发个头条!”<br />
<br />
When Wang Jifu came here with Liu Pengyan, editor-in-chief of Yantai Daily, he was excited and said to the editor-in-chief: "Ye County has a leader, so let’s make him hit the headlines!"<br />
<br />
理解,你是阳光,把心灵的阴影驱散。<br />
<br />
Understanding is sunshine, dispelling the shadow of a soul.<br />
<br />
徐斌像保存家珍似的把这份剪报贴在一个本子上。<br />
<br />
Xu Bin pasted this newspaper clipping on a notebook like keeping a family treasure.<br />
<br />
“还有磁带,是中央电台录制的,我拿给你听听。”他瞎瞎摸摸,挪动着瘦瘦的身躯,哼着小调,把磁带装到录音机里,按动开关,于是,关于他生命的信息,从女广播员那脆亮而充满感情的播音中传达出来:<br />
<br />
"There is also a tape, which was recorded by the central radio station. I will show it to you." He fumbled, moved his thin body, hummed a tune, loaded the tape into the tape recorder, and turned it on. So the message about his life was conveyed from the crisp and emotional voice of a female announcer:<br />
<br />
“《当你回首往事的时候》……”<br />
<br />
"When you look back..."<br />
<br />
我坐在他的侧面,看到他仍然沉浸在广播员那动情的朗诵之中。我看到了黑镜片后面那畸形的深陷的眼窝,像两个喷发过岩浆的火山口,他的嘴在微微翕动着。仅存无几的睫毛上沾着水汽,红红的眼窝噙满了泪水,那心灵的潮汛终于汇集成一股水流,向下淌去……<br />
<br />
I sat on his side and saw that he was still immersed in the emotional recitation of the announcer. I saw behind the black glasses the deformed, sunken eye sockets, like two craters of lava, and his mouth moved slightly. His eyelashes that had not been much left were covered by a layer of saturated vapour of water, and the red eye sockets were full of tears. Finally, his tears, the vent to his soul, fell down...<br />
<br />
我上车时,他伸出瘦瘦的手来向前摸索着,我知道他是在寻找我,要和我握别。<br />
<br />
When I got into the car, he stretched out his thin hand and groped forward. I knew he was looking for me because he wanted to shake my hands at parting.<br />
<br />
我握着他的手,久久不愿松开。<br />
<br />
I held his hands and refused to let go for a long time.<br />
<br />
在这一瞬间我想到:痛苦在于我们这些不失明的人,让一个失明的战士为我们探路！<br />
<br />
At this moment, I thought that the pain lies in us who were not blind, because we let a blind soldier explore the way for us!<br />
<br />
他是在用心看着道路。<br />
<br />
He looked at the way with his heart, not his eyes.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他求告无望,横下一条心<br />
<br />
At That Moment, He Failed to Receive Help, So He Determined to Do Something<br />
<br />
——励志篇<br />
<br />
—An Inspirational Story<br />
<br />
笑容,你来得是那么容易的吗?<br />
<br />
Smile, is it so easy for you to come?<br />
<br />
谭绪佑离开“大锅饭”时也感到过无所适从,过去的一切都是队上的“父母官”包揽,现在,他这瘦巴巴、一头卷发的汉子要自己去闯生活之路。<br />
<br />
Tan Xuyou felt at a loss when he no longer ate food prepared in a large canteen. In the past, everything was taken care of by members on the production team. Now, he, a thin man with curly hair, has to go his own way of life.<br />
<br />
到淄博去,嫂表弟建议他上个小作坊,生产“浮球式比重仪”,那是一家研究所设计的新产品。谭绪佑壮着胆子接回来试制,二十天后带着五只样品去了,研究所一鉴定,竟然惊奇不已:“这是你们搞的吗?国营厂三个月拿出来算快的!”<br />
<br />
When he went to Zibo, his cousin suggested that he go to a small workshop to produce floating ball hydrometer, which was a new product designed by a research institute. Tan Xuyou got the courage to have a trial production. After 20 days, he went with five samples. The institute identified them and was surprised: "Did you do this? It is fast for the state-owned factory to make them in three months!"<br />
<br />
“武宁电器厂”的牌子在这个偏远的滨海村庄挂起来了,赞同的目光,惊讶的目光,疑问的目光,嫉妒的目光都投向这个白漆黑字的木牌牌。<br />
<br />
The sign of "Wuning Electric Appliance Factory" was hung up in this remote coastal village. People looked at this wooden plaque white and black with admiration, surprise, suspicion or jealousy.<br />
<br />
一个夜晚,木牌牌不翼而飞。<br />
<br />
One night, the plaque disappeared.<br />
<br />
扛走木牌的人显然不是因为缺柴烧。<br />
<br />
It was obvious that those who carried away it were not short of firewood.<br />
<br />
木牌不值多少钱,可那是门面啊,打人还不打脸呢。<br />
<br />
Wooden plaque was not worth much money, but it represented the owner’s dignity. For example, if you hit others, you wouldn’t punch their face.<br />
<br />
谭绪佑去报告“父母官”,路上看到大队仓库的后窗被人撬了,他怀着对集体的感情,一并做了报告。<br />
<br />
Tan Xuyou went to report to the members on the production team. On the way, he saw that the rear window of the team warehouse had been pried. He cared for the team, so he also reported it.<br />
<br />
当天下午,队上的仓库后窗就派人钉上了,谭绪佑却在家等,等,等……<br />
<br />
In the afternoon, the rear window of the warehouse on the team was nailed, but Tan Xuyou waited at home for a long time...<br />
<br />
谭绪佑猛然省悟到什么,跺跺脚,自己做了一个沉甸甸的大铁牌子,焊上挂柱, 垒进墙里去了。<br />
<br />
Something suddenly dawned on Tan Xuyou, so he stamped his feet, made a heavy big iron sign, and welded the hanging column to build it into the wall.<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他怒发冲冠,破门而出<br />
<br />
At That Moment, He Burst Out of the Door in A Rage<br />
<br />
——求索篇<br />
<br />
—Seeking<br />
<br />
是铁,就要经受锤炼。<br />
<br />
If it is iron, it must be tempered.<br />
<br />
有人向黄县平里院大队书记战学忠介绍,平陵县有一套设备,能使粉渣酿出酒来。<br />
<br />
Someone introduced to Zhan Xuezhong, secretary of Pingliyuan Brigade in Huang County, that Ping Ling County has a set of equipment, which can make wine from powder residue.<br />
<br />
年轻的书记被这桩便宜买卖迷住了,花五万元钱把这套设备买了下来,由那边派师傅帮助安装。<br />
<br />
The young secretary was fascinated by this cheap deal, so he spent 50,000 yuan to buy it and an employee there would help install it.<br />
<br />
一天、两天、三天……<br />
<br />
One day, two days, three days…<br />
<br />
一个月、两个月、三个月 <br />
<br />
One month, two months, three months...<br />
<br />
社员们眼巴巴地望着,等着出酒哩。<br />
<br />
The members watched eagerly, waiting for the wine to come out.<br />
<br />
可是酒总出不来。<br />
<br />
But the wine never came out.<br />
<br />
战学忠打电报叫对方厂长来,杳无讯息。<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong called the factory director, but there was no message.<br />
<br />
那天早上,忽然有人告诉战学忠:那两位“人质”跑了。<br />
<br />
That morning, someone suddenly told Zhan Xuezhong that the two "hostages" had run away.<br />
<br />
战学忠赶去ー看,果然人走屋空,留在酒厂的设备,成了一堆废铁!<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong rushed to see it. Sure enough, people left the house empty, and the equipment left in the winery became a pile of scrap metal!<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,战学忠血冲脑门,狠狠擂动着门板,他意识到被骗了。牵线人和平陵厂方合谋,把ー套毫无价值的设备坑给了他们。<br />
<br />
At that moment, Zhan Xuezhong was in a rage and severely beat the door panel when he realized that he had been cheated. The matchmaker conspired with the Pingling factory and gave them a set of worthless equipment.<br />
<br />
5万元哪,平里院的父老姊妹口挪肚省的血汗钱哪!<br />
<br />
50,000 yuan, the hard-earned money saved by the young and old in Pingliyuan!<br />
<br />
战学忠带着合同到县经济法庭控告,花15元钱打印了一份诉状,直奔平陵县。<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong took the contract to the county economic court, spent 15 yuan money to print a complaint, and went straight to Pingling County.<br />
<br />
平陵县的法庭庭长回家收责任田的小麦去了。<br />
<br />
The court president of it went home to collect wheat from the field he was responsible for.<br />
<br />
战学忠在旅馆等了七天,后来终于见到了法庭庭长,庭长说:“办成办不成,先交2500元的手续费,相当你损失的百分之五。”<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong waited in the hotel for seven days, and finally met the president of the court. The president said, "Whether it is successful or not, you should pay a handling fee of 2,500 yuan first, which is equivalent to 5% of your loss."<br />
<br />
他已几乎囊空如洗!<br />
<br />
He was almost broke!<br />
<br />
战学忠直接找到了工厂里,厂里的人告诉他,厂长换了,不能办!<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong directly went to the factory, and the employees in the factory told him that the factory director had been changed, so they could not help him!<br />
<br />
痛苦,已经超出了经济的范畴。<br />
<br />
The pain was not only derived from the lack of money.<br />
<br />
那个“一瞬间”成了一服明目的良药,使这个1978年オ认识火车的“乡巴佬”学会了商品生产的市场调查、信誉调查。<br />
<br />
That moment became a motivation for this hillbilly who knew the train to learn the market research and credit investigation of commodity production.<br />
<br />
北京王府井商场一块“电动剃须刀无货”的牌子,使他跑遍了南京、杭州、无锡、上海,亲自写出了一份三万言的电动剃须刀商品调查报告,接着把落满伤心泪的烧酒车间改成了电器车间,前后不到8个月。第一批电动剃须刀组装起来,拿到县里去鉴定,那些长着大胡子的局长、科长还不识其为何物！<br />
<br />
Seeing a sign of "Electric shavers are out of stock" in Wangfujing Shopping Mall in Beijing, he travelled all over Nanjing, Hangzhou, Wuxi and Shanghai, personally wrote a 30,000-word survey report on electric shavers, and then transformed the shochu workshop full of his sad memories into an electrical appliance workshop, which was less than 8 months before and after. When the first batch of electric shavers were assembled and taken to the county for identification, those bearded directors and section chiefs still didn't know what they were!<br />
<br />
平里院电器总厂的大牌子就这样堂而皇之地挂起来了。年产10万只,畅销11个省市,年获利润12万元。<br />
<br />
In this way, the big plaque of Pingliyuan Electric Appliance General Factory was hung up in public. The annual output was 100,000 in 11 provinces and cities, with an annual profit of 120,000 yuan.<br />
<br />
战学忠,这个曾受过骗的农民企业家两眼闪动着智慧之光,一边和我吃着自制的牛奶冰棍,一边给我讲着“企业经”和“做人经”。<br />
<br />
Zhan Xuezhong, a farmer entrepreneur who has been deceived, had his eyes flashing with wisdom. While eating homemade milk popsicles with me, he told me how to run a successful enterprise and how to be a decent person.<br />
<br />
“我们乡镇企业是’游击队’,打一枪换一个地方。国营办一个厂子,光厂房连 批带盖得一两年,咱有间房子先干起来,等你厂房盖起来,咱产品又更新了。乡镇 企业,必须看市场什么最活,最快……市场变化一天一个样,甚至一个钟头一个样。 商品的竞争,是技术的竞争,信息的竞争,也是时间的竞争,有技术不用,转眼成了旧技术,一切都在更新换代。我们队办工业现在是由密集型到分散型——好多工序在社员家里……”<br />
<br />
"Our township enterprises are guerrillas, and they change a place after they fire a bullet. Approving and building a state-owned factory should take one or two years. When we have a house, we can work first, because when your factory is built, our products will be updated again. Township enterprises must know what is the most active and fastest in the market... The market changes every day, even every hour. Commodity competition is the competition of technology. The competition of information is also the competition of time. If there is technology that you don’t use, it will become old technology in an instant, because everything will be updated. Our brigade's business is now intensive and decentralized, which means many procedures are finished in the members' homes..." <br />
<br />
“咱平里院人是有志气的。县里调我我不去,不是干不了,也不是因为待遇,我舍不得这么多好群众。在我有生之年,一定要给他们闯出一条路来,让贫穷、愚昧的状况一去不复返,让那些为革命献出血和汗的群众不再寒心。现在大队二十六户烈属,每年补他们每户2000元。现在平里院再不是让人瞧不起的时候了。”<br />
<br />
"We Pingliyuan people are ambitious. It's not that I can't do it or because of the treatment when the county promoted me. I don’t want to start the new chapter of my life without so many good people. In my lifetime, I must find a way for them so that they can be free from poverty and ignorance forever, and let those people who shed blood and sweat for the revolution stop disappointed. Now the brigade’s twenty-six households whose families are martyrs will be compensated 2000 yuan per household every year. Now Pingliyuan has passed the time when it was looked down upon."<br />
<br />
第五章属于自己的日子<br />
<br />
Chapter 5 My Own Days<br />
<br />
1984年初夏,中南海紫光阁毗邻的ー间办公室里,我和人民文学杂志社的周 明同志、王南宁同志,以及女作家张洁,坐在一位长者的对面,听他谈农村体制改革 的有关问题。他讲话的时候,用手拨动着写字台上的一个玲珑的地球仪:<br />
<br />
In the early summer of 1984, in an office adjacent to Ziguangge Purple Chamber, Zhongnanhai, Comrade Zhou Ming, Wang Nanning of People's Literature, Zhang Jie, a female writer, and I sat opposite an elder and listened to him talking about the rural system reform. As he spoke, he rotated an exquisite globe on the desk with his hand:<br />
<br />
“如果说中国的农业改革出现了奇迹,它的秘密在什么地方?我认为在’家庭’两个字。这是逼出来的。现在我们千万不能把家庭经营的基础搞掉。从农业上来说,在发达国家,大量存在的是家庭农场。加拿大家庭农场占百分之九十以上,在美国,取得效益最大的也是家庭农场。社会的发展,还受家庭发展的制约。中国的基本国情是家庭这个细胞根深蒂固。几个家庭结合在一起,就不如一个家庭发展快……<br />
<br />
"If there is a miracle in China's agricultural reform, where is its secret? I think it lies in the word family. Because there is no choice. Now we must not get rid of the foundation of family management. In terms of agriculture, there are a large number of family farms in developed countries. Canadian family farms account for more than 90%, and in the United States, family farms have achieved the greatest benefits. The development of society is also restricted by family development. The basic national condition of China is that the family is deeply rooted. If several families are combined, they will not develop as fast as one family...<br />
<br />
“中国农村的自然半自然、自给半自给的传统经营方式,将要被摧毁。一个巨大的、繁荣的中国农村市场将要在世界上出现!<br />
<br />
"The natural, semi-natural, self-sufficient and semi-self-sufficient traditional business model in China's rural areas will be destroyed. A huge and prosperous Chinese rural market will appear in the world!"<br />
<br />
“太平洋经济时代将要到来!世界的经济重心将从欧洲移到亚洲。在中国将要出现一条黄金海岸……”<br />
<br />
"The Pacific economic era is coming! The economic center of gravity of the world will shift from Europe to Asia. There will be a gold coast in China..."<br />
<br />
他又转动了一下地球仪,世界在迅速地旋转着。<br />
<br />
He rotated the globe again, and the world was spinning rapidly.<br />
<br />
我踏着旋转的地球,从紫光阁下走进了胶东的一座座农屋……<br />
<br />
Stepping on the rotating earth, I walked into the farmhouses in Jiaodong from under Ziguangge...<br />
<br />
兄弟们<br />
<br />
Brothers<br />
<br />
——关于性文化<br />
<br />
—Sexual Culture<br />
<br />
国外一位学者说过,只有当一个男人和一个女人结合在一起的时候才是一个完整的人,这也许就是某些长期过独身生活的人为什么在个性上存有某种怪癖的原因。<br />
<br />
A foreign scholar said that only when a man and a woman are together, they become complete people, which may be the reason why some people who have lived celibacy for a long time have some quirks in personality.<br />
<br />
我见到已经40岁的满玉贵时,他刚从滑石坑里爬上来。这个滑石专业户身上沾着白色的滑石粉,坐在那里,没有笑容,没有表情,没有言语,只是闷头抽着烟——他已被生活的雕刀雕刻成一个早衰的“滑石人”！<br />
<br />
When I met Man Yugui, who was 40 years old, he had just climbed up from the talc pit. This talc specialist is stained with white talc powder, sitting there, without smile, expression or words, just smoking a cigarette—he has been carved into an early aging "talc man" by the carving knife of life!<br />
<br />
满家是有名的“光棍堂”,兄弟三个,加一个老父亲。三间草屋住着四个光棍, 没有空间容纳异性。<br />
<br />
The Man family were famous bachelors, with three brothers and an old father. There were four bachelors living in three huts without room for the opposite sex.<br />
<br />
大队干部像在为一块化石做讲解:“……咱村守着滑石山,过去不让开,后来王 济夫书记在喇叭里号召大伙儿勤劳致富,弟兄三个去年干了一年,成了万元户……是不是玉贵?”<br />
<br />
The cadres of the brigade seemed to be explaining for a fossil: "... Our village guards the talc mountain and prohibited others from mining. Later, Secretary Wang Jifu called on everyone to work hard and get rich in the horn. The three brothers worked for a year last year and became the household with 10,000 yuan... Right, Yugui? "<br />
<br />
满玉贵抬起头来,不正眼看人,“嗯”了一声,又闷下头去。<br />
<br />
Man Yugui looked up, didn't look at people. "Yes", and he lowered his head again.<br />
<br />
“去年盖了四间新瓦房,老六说上了媳妇。先弟弟,后哥哥……是不是玉贵?”<br />
<br />
"Last year, four new tile houses were built, and the sixth child of your family got married. The First one who got married was your little brother, then your older brother... Right, Yugui?"<br />
<br />
这话半带戏谑,满玉贵脖子转了转,没有吱声。<br />
<br />
This was kind of banter, so Man Yugui turned around without making a reply.<br />
<br />
满玉贵也曾有过美好的青春年华,身上充满了生命的汁水。可是,当他进入 “青春发育期”的同时,也进入了“饥寒交迫期”。那一年,老五得了“老虎卡”死在医院里,交不上住院费,医院不让往回拉尸首,一家人四处求借,又把一口半大猪卖掉,才把小尸首拉回来。没几天老三得了同样的病,医院干脆拒之门外,活活死在家里了。<br />
<br />
Man Yugui once had the best years, and his body was full of the juice of life. However, when he entered the puberty period, he also entered the "hunger and cold period". That year, Lao Wu infected leprosy and died in the hospital. They couldn't pay the hospitalization fee, so the hospital wouldn't let them pull the corpse back. The family asked for loans everywhere, and sold a pig neither too big nor too little so that they could pull the corpse back. A few days later, the third child got the same disease, so the hospital simply turned away and the child died at home.<br />
<br />
从那,900元的债务一直压得四条汉子直不起腰来。<br />
<br />
Since then, the debt of 900 yuan put pressure on the four men.<br />
<br />
一位心理学家说,青年期的本能发动是青年人格再造的契机。面前端坐不动的满玉贵,不正是由于两种饥饿、两种压抑造成的性格的变形吗?<br />
<br />
A psychologist said that the instinct of youth is an opportunity for young people to rebuild their personality. For Man Yugui, who sat still, was it not because of the deformation of character caused by two kinds of hunger and two kinds of depression?<br />
<br />
“你们都帮帮他的忙啊!”我对众人说。<br />
<br />
"You all help him!" I said to everyone.<br />
<br />
有人插话:“前天邻村一个治保主任坐拖拉机摔死了,撇下媳妇和两个孩子。”<br />
<br />
Someone interjected: "The day before yesterday, a security director in a neighboring village fell to his death on a tractor, leaving his wife and two children."<br />
<br />
我说:“抓紧给办!”<br />
<br />
I said, "Hurry up and fix them up!"<br />
<br />
一个笑容在满玉贵脸上闪过,充满羞涩,也充满向往,像乌云遮蔽的天空忽然显出的一道霞光,把一个秘密也透露出来——前些年由于物质生活的匮乏,这个老光棍已经断了娶亲的念头,现在的致富之路又唤起了他的阳刚萌动,“死灰复燃”。不久前,县里开专业户代表大会,满玉贵特意去做了一身料子服,他要像个人样地走在女同胞面前！<br />
<br />
He flashed a smile, full of shyness and yearning, like a sudden glow in the sky covered by dark clouds, revealing a secret. A few years ago, due to the lack of material life, this old bachelor had given up getting married, but now his wealth aroused his masculinity. Not long ago, the county held a specialist congress, and Man Yugui specially tailored a woollen cloth to his needs. He wanted to walk in front of women in dignity!<br />
<br />
今天的性文化尚受着经济的制约。当我们清算“左”的路线对中国农村造成 的挫伤时,很少把性——这一具有人类意义的事情考虑在内！<br />
<br />
Today's sex culture is still restricted by economy. When we think of the influence caused by the left-wing politics to rural China, we seldom take sex, which is of human significance, into account!<br />
<br />
“你要去坑里看看吗?就早一些……”满玉贵面孔对着我,眼睛却不看我。<br />
<br />
"Do you want to go to the pit to have a look? Just earlier..." Man Yugui faced me, but he didn't look at me.<br />
<br />
我随他下到了深深的滑石坑里,那里面又潮湿又黑暗,有些地方要趴下身子才能过得去。<br />
<br />
I followed him down into the deep talc pit, which was damp and dark, and there were places where I had to lie down to get by.<br />
<br />
他每天就下到这里面,跪在地上,用镐头一下下刨掘着,然后用辘伊绞上去。那是对自己命运的刨掘,对失去年华的刨掘,他要从那里面寻找出失落的希望吗?<br />
<br />
He goes down here every day, kneels on the ground, digs down with a pick, and then use manual crane to send talc up. Is that the digging of his own destiny, the digging of the lost years? And dose he want to find out the lost hope from it?<br />
<br />
回到满玉贵家来,76岁的老父亲气喘吁吁地对我说:“早年给玉贵提亲的也有,一打听,弟兄多,不干;这几年有提的,问有房吗? 一听还没盖,又不干。哥哥没有,弟弟也不找,两个都误下了……这眼下钱不愁了,俺打算再盖他八间房,给老大和老二娶上媳妇,俺也就没心事啦。”<br />
<br />
When I returned to Man Yugui's home, his 76-year-old father panted and said to me: "There were also people who proposed marriage to Yugui in the early years. After they inquired, they found there were many brothers so they gave up. In recent years, some people also proposed marriage. After they knew we didn’t have a house, they gave up. The older brother didn’t find a wife, so the younger brother also didn’t do that. Both of them missed good timing... Now we are free from worries of money, so I plan to build many houses for them to marry a daughter-in-law. After that, I have nothing on my mind."<br />
<br />
对面是老六的新房。那是沙漠里的一片绿洲,那是一座不会幻灭的“海市蜃楼”！<br />
<br />
Opposite was the sixth child's new house. It was an oasis in the desert, a mirage that will not be disillusioned!<br />
<br />
新房是一个诱人的红火的世界。顶棚上裱着粉红色的花纸,坑上放着火红花被。屋子里到处都是“花”:花瓶里插着的,镜子上挂着的,塑料花盆里“开”着的, 还有缝纫机上蒙着的……玻璃板下压着小夫妻到大连旅游结婚留下的合影。有一幅是在圆明园“创造世界”的石碑下照的。新房充满了温馨的气息。<br />
<br />
The new house was an attractive red world. The ceiling was plastered with pink flower paper, and red flower quilts were placed on the heatable brick bed. There were "flowers" everywhere in the house: those put in vases, those hanging on mirrors, those blooming in plastic flowerpots, and those covered on sewing machines... Under the glass plate were photos of this young couple traveling to Dalian for marriage. One was taken under the stone tablet of Creating the World in Yuanmingyuan. The new house was full of warmth.<br />
<br />
新媳妇从山上回来了,她粗壮,健康,圆圆的脸盘,双眼皮,长得很喜相,而且, 她的腹部已经微微隆起……<br />
<br />
The new daughter-in-law came back from the mountain. She was thick and healthy, with a round and endearing face and double eyelids. Her belly had slightly bulged...<br />
<br />
她走进了这个家庭,不但实现了一个“人”的个性的和谐与完美,也给这个濒于破灭的家庭带来了生气和活力。<br />
<br />
When she entered this family, she not only realized the harmony and perfection of a human personality, but also brought vitality to this shattered family.<br />
<br />
新媳妇在炕前叠着从院里收回的一堆衣服,不时用目光瞟一下陌生的客人。<br />
<br />
She was folding a pile of clothes got from the courtyard in front of their heatable brick bed, and glanced at strange guests from time to time.<br />
<br />
而满玉贵站在门外,一直没有踏进这个“世界”,也从不看他的弟媳一眼,只顾闷头抽着烟。阳光下,他的脸有几分涨红。<br />
<br />
Man Yugui stood outside the door, never set foot in this world, never looked at his sister-in-law, and he only smoked. In the sun, his face turned a little red.<br />
<br />
他站在幸福的门外,<br />
<br />
He stood outside the door of happiness,<br />
<br />
丢掉了钥匙。<br />
<br />
lost the key.<br />
<br />
他在等待着,<br />
<br />
He was waiting,<br />
<br />
寻找钥匙的人归来……<br />
<br />
waiting for the one who looked for the key returned...<br />
<br />
姊妹们<br />
<br />
Sisters<br />
<br />
——关于女性的尊严<br />
<br />
—About the Dignity of Women<br />
<br />
这是在著名的“金城天府”招远县城里,一个“姊妹理发店”的招牌,受委屈似的挂在凹进去的街面上。<br />
<br />
This is in Zhaoyuan County, the famous Jincheng Tianfu. The signboard of Sister Barber Shop hung on the crooked street as if it felt wronged.<br />
<br />
这招牌引起我的好奇心:“这是农村来的个体户吧?”<br />
<br />
This signboard aroused my curiosity: "Is this a self-employed person from the countryside?"<br />
<br />
陪同我的同志神秘地朝我摆摆手:“别提它了!”<br />
<br />
The comrade accompanying me mysteriously waved his hand to me: "Don't mention this!"<br />
<br />
“怎么回事?”<br />
<br />
"What's going on?"<br />
<br />
“不正经……卖淫。”<br />
<br />
"This is monkey business... prostitution."<br />
<br />
“这不会!”我不知为什么一下子就站在她们的立场上,“光天化日之下,怎么可能呢?再说有街道,有公安。”<br />
<br />
"Impossible!" I didn't know why I suddenly stood in their position. "How is it possible in broad daylight? Besides, there are streets and police."<br />
<br />
“街上都这么说。”<br />
<br />
"That's what all people say."<br />
<br />
“你见过吗?”<br />
<br />
"Have you seen it?"<br />
<br />
“没有。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“我们下午去理理发吧!”<br />
<br />
"Let's have a haircut this afternoon!"<br />
<br />
“不 我不去。”<br />
<br />
"No, I won't go."<br />
<br />
下午,我们还是一起去了。但陪同我的同志跨进姊妹理发店时的神色是紧张的,还下意识地回身看了一下是否有熟人瞧见。<br />
<br />
In the afternoon, we still go there together. But the comrade who accompanied me looked nervous when he stepped into this barber shop, and subconsciously turned around to see if any acquaintances had seen him.<br />
<br />
屋里的理发设施一应俱全。墙上挂着《大众电影》《大众电视》《人民文学》和一些小人书。长案上放着一些摇铃、汽车、吹塑动物等儿童玩具,长案下面还放着一些雨伞。经营者的慧心可鉴。<br />
<br />
Hairdressing facilities were available in the house. There were ''Popular Movies'', ''Popular TV'', ''People's Literature'' and some linked pictures hanging on the wall. There were children's toys such as bells, cars and blow mold animals on the long desk, and umbrellas under tit. The operators' wisdom can be learned.<br />
<br />
三姊妹身穿白色的工作服,正忙于刀剪声中。她们的年龄在16至25岁之间。 都生得白皙、苗条。老大温柔、沉静,烫着“波浪式老二留着“波卷式”,看得出性格比较活泼、伶俐;老三是“青年式”,嘴角上含着一股刚强之气。她们的目光一直低垂着,里面藏着沉重的东西。<br />
<br />
Dressed in white overalls, the three sisters were busy with the sound of knives and scissors. They were between 16 and 25 years old and were all fair-skinned and slim. The eldest was gentle, quiet, with wavy hair, and the second had shag hairstyle, which showed that she was lively and clever; The third had short hair, with an air of confidence on the corners of her mouth. Their eyes have been lowered, with heavy things hidden inside.<br />
<br />
大姐理完了一个,淡淡地望了我ー下,那就是她的语言了。我过去坐定后,主动和她搭讪:<br />
<br />
The oldest sister finished cutting one’ hair and looked at me gently. That was her language. After I went to sit down, I took the initiative to chat up her:<br />
<br />
“你们是从哪里来的?”<br />
<br />
"Where do you come from?"<br />
<br />
“陈家沙埠。”她很矜持。<br />
<br />
"Chenjia shabu." She was very reserved.<br />
<br />
“家里几口人?”<br />
<br />
"How many people are there in the family?"<br />
<br />
“七 口。”<br />
<br />
"Seven."<br />
<br />
“分了多少责任田?”<br />
<br />
"How many fields you are responsible for are divided?"<br />
<br />
“三亩。”<br />
<br />
"Three mu."<br />
<br />
“种地怎么办?”<br />
<br />
"What about farming?"<br />
<br />
“农忙了回去。”<br />
<br />
"When it is busy for farming, we’ll come back."<br />
<br />
“吃饭呢?”<br />
<br />
"What about meals?"<br />
<br />
“原来从家里带,现在买着吃。”<br />
<br />
"We used to bring them from home and buy them now."<br />
<br />
“住在哪里呢?”<br />
<br />
"Where do you live?"<br />
<br />
她乜了一眼镜子里的我,冷冷地:“城里。”便垂下眼皮,不愿再回答我的问话。<br />
<br />
She squinted at me in the mirror and said coldly, "In the city." She then lowered her eyelids and refused to answer my question.<br />
<br />
姑娘,你不要误解了文学,生活走到哪里,文学就跟到哪里。它愿做每ー个生 命的守护神,为她艰难的跋涉喊一声号子,为她暗夜的寻觅送ー支烛光。姑娘,愿 意向我打开你的心扉吗?<br />
<br />
Girl, don't misunderstand literature. Wherever life goes, literature will follow. It is willing to be the patron saint of every life, sing a work song for her difficult trek, and send a candlelight for her search in the dark night. Girl, would you like to open your heart to me?<br />
<br />
姑娘的名字叫郝朝霞,两个妹妹叫郝彩霞和郝丽霞。这是霞光一样美丽的名 字,却落在一个贫穷的村庄里。干部走马灯似的换了一茬又一茬,到如今村里一个工副业项目也没有。队里规定:凡是劳动カ都得向大队交费用。男劳力每年交二百,女劳力每年交一百（这和那些商品生产发展比较好的大队,给予农田补贴形成了鲜明的对比）。她们家欠着队里600多元的账,郝朝霞初中毕业后,只得辍学回村,跟着当理发员的父亲学起了理发……<br />
<br />
The girl's name is Hao Zhaoxia, and her two sisters are Hao Caixia and Hao Lixia. They are beautiful names like twilight colors, but these girls lived in a poor village. Officials have changed one after another, and now there is no sideline project in the village. It was stipulated in the production team that all laborers had to pay fees to the team. Male laborers paid 200 yuan a year, while female laborers paid 100 yuan a year, which was in sharp contrast to those teams with better commodity production development and agricultural subsidies). Their family owed more than 600 yuan to the team, so Hao Zhaoxia had to drop out of school and return to the village after graduating from junior high school, and learned hairdressing with her father who was a hairdresser...<br />
<br />
“姊妹理发店”的牌子在招远县城挂起来了!那店牌牌上的字是干了一辈子理发营生的老父亲亲手写的。<br />
<br />
The signboard of Sister Barber Shop has been hung up in Zhaoyuan County! The words on the shop signboard were written by their old father who had worked as a barber all his life.<br />
<br />
农村姑娘进城办第三产业,这本身就是一种挑战,向国营企业的“铁饭碗”挑战,向传统的习俗挑战!这种挑战必然要遇到传统势力的反击。<br />
<br />
Rural girls go to the city to run the tertiary industry, which is a challenge in itself, to the "iron rice bowl" of state-owned enterprises and to traditional customs! This kind of challenge is bound to meet the counterattack of traditional authorities.<br />
<br />
她们按照美的原则去修剪着生活,而生活却把丑恶推到她们面前——<br />
<br />
They trimmed life according to the principle of beauty, but life pushes ugliness before them.<br />
<br />
一群喝醉了酒的青工晚上闯进来,视这些农民的女儿如手心玩物,口出秽言; 一个心怀叵测的人把一张纸条塞给姑娘,约她幽会;捕风捉影的谣言随之而起……<br />
<br />
A group of drunken young workers broke in at night, treating these farmers' daughters as playthings and uttering filthy words. A person with sinister motives stuffed a note to a girl and asked her to meet secretly. Then people put two and two together and made five...<br />
<br />
在中国,有什么比这种道德的飞短流长更能置人于死地?有人要把无形的裹布重新缠到她们脚上。<br />
<br />
In China, what can kill people more than spreading embroidered stories and malicious gossip of them in terms of morals? Someone wanted to wrap the invisible cloth around their feet again.<br />
<br />
这个小小的理发店,离县政府并不远。但愿妇联、共青团的目光早日注意到她们!<br />
<br />
This small barber shop was not far from the county government. I hoped the All-China Women's Federation and the Communist Youth League will notice them as soon as possible!<br />
<br />
临别时我对她们说:“你们可以把土地转让出去,专一在城里从事这项工作,还可以在城里买地皮、盖楼房,理直气壮地生活!”她们不时地发问:“这行吗? 行吗?”<br />
<br />
When I left, I said to them: "You can transfer the land and do this job in the city. You can also buy land, build houses and live confidently in the city!" From time to time, they ask, "Is this feasible?"<br />
<br />
行的!扬起头来吧,姐妹们!你们已经作为先进生产力的代表,走上了历史的舞台！用你们手中的剪刀,去剪断传统束缚在你们身上的绳索。这是新的妇女运动史！在韧性的抗争中,取得你们的自尊、自强、自重、自爱！<br />
<br />
Sure! Raise your head, sisters! As representatives of advanced productive forces, you have stepped onto the stage of history! Use the scissors in your hands to cut the ropes that are traditionally bound to you. This is the new history of women's campaign! In the struggle of resilience, you gain your self-esteem, self-improvement, self-respect and self-love!<br />
<br />
女性的尊严,在你们自身的创造之中！<br />
<br />
The dignity of women is in your own creation!<br />
<br />
夫妻们<br />
<br />
Couples<br />
<br />
——关于夫妻关系<br />
<br />
—About the relationship between husband and wife<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系一:蘑菇,开门吧!）<br />
<br />
(Relationship one: Mushroom, open the door!)<br />
<br />
他,姜希增,腰里掖上一头“猪”,千里迢迢去山西原平农学院找一位李教授。 他在《中国青年》上看到李教授关于食用猴头菌可以抑制癌症的文章,专程去拜师——他的父亲和祖母都是因为癌症过世的。<br />
<br />
He, Jiang Xizeng, tied a pig to his waist and set out on the long trek to Shanxi Yuanping Agricultural College to find a professor Li. He read Professor Li's article about eating Hericium erinaceus to inhibit cancer in China Youth, so he made a special trip to formally acknowledge him as his master, for his father and grandmother both died of cancer.<br />
<br />
他从山西买回了菌种,他回家来搞的试验却失败了。<br />
<br />
He bought the strain from Shanxi, but the experiment at home failed.<br />
<br />
妻子史春芝犯了胃溃疡,在炕上一边哼哼一边抱怨:“家里穷得连饭都吃不上, 你把一头猪胡摆治了……”<br />
<br />
His wife, Shi Chunzhi, committed a gastric ulcer and complained while humming on the heatable brick bed: "We are too poor to eat food, but you should waste a pig..."<br />
<br />
姜希增一肚子火气正没处出,吼了一声:“老娘儿们家就会穷叨叨！”<br />
<br />
Jiang Xizeng found nowhere to give vent to his anger, so he yelled: "You old pussy chatters like a magpie!"<br />
<br />
这使史春芝大为伤心,她本来就满肚子委屈。当初和他结婚,那是冲他在外面“吃国库粮”,指望跟他“跳农门”,上大城市。1961年工厂下马,他捧着个“光荣证”回了乡。混不上吃,混不上穿,每年靠一位吃薪金的叔叔捎包旧衣裳、补贴20块钱接济。两口子每有龃龉,史春芝总少不了一句传统骂语:“当初俺上了你 的当!”<br />
<br />
This made Shi Chunzhi very sad. She was already full of grievances. She married him because he had urban household registration, and she expected to get rid of the identity of a farmer with him and go to a big city. In 1961, when the factory was closed, he returned to his hometown with a Certificate of Honor. He can’t make both ends meet, so he relied on an uncle who had salary to take old clothes and subsidize 20 yuan every year. Every time the couple had disagreements, Shi Chunzhi always cursed him out: "I was taken in by you at the beginning!"<br />
<br />
每听到这里,姜希增都不再吱声,好像这桩婚姻完全是由于他的骗局造成的。<br />
<br />
Every time he heard this, he stopped speaking, as if his scam was the culprit of their marriage.<br />
<br />
他想再去一趟山西,却筹集不起路费。<br />
<br />
He wanted to go to Shanxi again, but he couldn't afford the travelling expenses.<br />
<br />
后来听说莱阳农学院也有微生物课程,便瞒着老婆骑上自行车去了,在学校大门口见人就拦:“哪个老师教微生物?管种蘑菇?”<br />
<br />
Later, he heard that Laiyang Agricultural College also had microbiology courses, so he rode his bicycle without telling his wife. He stopped everyone he saw at the gate of this college: "Which teacher teaches microbiology and know how to plant mushrooms?"<br />
<br />
史春芝一天没有见到丈夫,心中好生纳闷,待傍晚看到他又傻呵呵带着ー些菌种回来时,ー赌气关上了房门。<br />
<br />
Shi Chunzhi didn't see her husband for a day, so she was puzzled. When she saw him come back with some strains with an air of idiocy in the evening, she closed the door in anger.<br />
<br />
“他妈,开门吧!”<br />
<br />
"My wife, open the door!"<br />
<br />
没有吱声,和旧生活告别的夜晚是凄冷的。<br />
<br />
There was no reply. The night of saying goodbye to the old life is chilly.<br />
<br />
“蘑菇,开门吧!”<br />
<br />
"Mushroom, open the door!"<br />
<br />
蘑菇向他把门敞开了!他在室内试种了 20平方米的蘑菇,获得了可喜的 收成!<br />
<br />
Mushrooms opened the door to him! He planted experimentally 20 square meters of mushrooms indoors and got a gratifying harvest!<br />
<br />
姜希增又拿出半亩责任田来种植他的理想。1983年收入9000斤蘑菇,纯收入5000多元;菌种收入3000多元。还有个收益是老婆的变化,她的胃溃疡竟然吃蘑菇吃好了,脾气也变好了。<br />
<br />
Jiang Xizeng took out half a mu of farmland he was responsible for to plant his ideal. In 1983, he harvested 4,500 kg of mushrooms, and the net income was more than 5,000 yuan. The income of strains was more than 3,000 yuan. Another benefit was the change of his wife. Her gastric ulcer was cured by eating mushrooms and her temper has improved.<br />
<br />
现在姜希增是胶东有名的“蘑菇状元”。他不仅在本村带起了十几个专业户, 还搞“技术输出”,应邀到各地做技术指导,光缴学费的学生就有60多人。<br />
<br />
Now Jiang Xizeng is a famous "mushroom champion" in Jiaodong. He not only nurtured more than a dozen specialists in the village, but also exported technology. He was invited to give technical guidance in various places. More than 60 students paid tuition fees alone.<br />
<br />
“他出去跑,家里这ー摊子就揭给我!”史春芝爽快地对我说。<br />
<br />
"He went to other places, and I'm in charge of business at home!" Shi Chunzhi said to me readily.<br />
<br />
“你会吗?”<br />
<br />
"Do you know how to stay in business?"<br />
<br />
“看也看会了！过去我不是反对他,是对经济不放心。孩子还上学,拉下饥荒怎么办?现在他花3000多块钱买设备,我都不说他……”<br />
<br />
"I have been seeing him do this for a long time! In the past, I was not against him, but worried about money. Our children are still in school, so what should we do if we are in debt? Now he spends more than 3,000 yuan to buy equipment, but I don't even blame him..."<br />
<br />
姜希增自得地坐在“生当作人杰,死亦为鬼雄”的诗联下,他不但敲开了致富之门,也在“拜师”的热潮中得到了一种精神的满足,一种人格和道德的完善。现在他反过来挑剔着妻子:“老娘儿们家眼光就是短浅,光认钱。有几个钱,又烧得慌,要给孩子做’将军服’,你怎么不做个’元帅服’、做个蟒袍玉带?老百姓要穿老百姓服!”<br />
<br />
Jiang Xizeng sat proudly under the poetic couplet of "Be man of men while you're alive, And soul of souls if you're dead." He not only knocks on the door to be successful, but also gets spiritual satisfaction and personality and moral perfection in the upsurge of "taking others as their teacher". Now he is critical of his wife in turn: "You old ladies are short-sighted and only pay attention to money. If you have money, it will burn a hole in your pocket, and you want to make a general uniform for your children. Why don't you make a marshal uniform and an emperor’s uniform? Ordinary people should wear ordinary people's clothes!"<br />
<br />
史春芝像个少女似的,嗔怪地瞧他一眼:“就你能!”把一杯浓茶摆到他面 前……<br />
<br />
Shi Chunzhi looked at him like a girl, and rebuked: "You are too arrogant!" And she put a cup of strong tea before him...<br />
<br />
商品生产调节了这个家庭的夫妻关系,虽然它不免带一点“夫贵妻荣”的封建 色彩,但毕竟是靠自己的劳动换来的和谐和荣耀!<br />
<br />
Commodity production adjusts the relationship between husband and wife in this family. Although it inevitably has feudalism of "when husband is rich, his wife is proud", it is harmony and glory exchanged by one's own labor after all!<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系二:空中丝绸之路）<br />
<br />
(Relationship two: Silk Road in the air)<br />
<br />
我在牟平龙泉乡访问了一对年轻夫妇,他们乘坐飞机到西藏销售服装,开辟空中“丝绸之路”,充满了传奇色彩。这不仅意味着他们的时间观念和生活方式的改变,其中还包含着一种象征:新一代农民在起飞。<br />
<br />
I visited a young couple in Longquan Township, Muping. They flew to Tibet to sell clothes by taking a plane so as to blaze a Silk Road in the air, which was full of legends. This means not only the change of their concept of time and lifestyle, but also a symbol: a new generation of farmers is becoming better.<br />
<br />
小媳妇叫于政芳,今年23岁,她已经不甘于母亲那样的生活一把一双脚用 布裹起来,一生厮守着锅台和鸡窝。首先在“终身大事”上,她就挨弃了 “媒妁之言,父母之命”的旧传统。<br />
<br />
The wife was Yu Zhengfang, 23 years old. She was unwilling to live like her mother who wrapped her feet in cloth and stayed with kitchen and chicken coops all her life. First of all, in the lifelong important event, she abandoned the old tradition of an arranged marriage.<br />
<br />
从我记事起,村里就有一些不断翻新的有关婚俗的儿歌:“小嫂小嫂快快长,长大了跟村长,穿皮鞋嘎嘎响……”“ー个兜的靠边站,两个兜的看ー看,三个兜的叫爹也干!”发展到近来已是:“收音机带相片儿（电视）,缝纫机带锁边儿,自行车带冒烟儿,手表带跑星期天儿。”这些儿歌虽不能登大雅之堂,却在某种程度上反映了经济变化对人们婚姻观的影响。<br />
<br />
As far as I can remember, there have been some children's songs about marriage customs that are constantly being changed in the village: "Little sister-in-law grows up quickly so that you can go with the village head who wears rattling leather shoes..." "People with one pocket stand aside, two pockets can be thought of, and three pockets can even be called daddy!" Recently, it has been: "Radios with pictures (TV), sewing machines with overlocking function, bicycles with smoke (motorcycle), watches with Sunday (day-date watches)." Although these children's songs can't be elegant, they reflect the influence of economic changes on people's marriage views to some extent.<br />
<br />
而今,姑娘们在寻找发展商品生产中涌现出来的能人。于政芳就是几年前到威海给包工的农民做饭时,认识了“工头”吕宝帅,主动求爱的。<br />
<br />
Nowadays, girls are looking for talented people emerging in the process of the development of commodity production. Yu Zhengfang met Lyu Baoshuai, a labor contractor, and took the initiative to woo him when she went to Weihai to cook for migrant workers a few years ago.<br />
<br />
我第一次去吕宝帅家访问,夫妇双双去温州做生意去了,只有外公带着小燕妮（看来他们还是崇拜马克思的）在家看门。<br />
<br />
When I visited Lyu Baoshuai's home for the first time, both husband and wife went to Wenzhou to do business. Only the grandfather took care of little Yanni (It seemed that they still worshiped Marx) and acted as a doorkeeper.<br />
<br />
我第二次访问见到了于政芳。她上着粉红色的确良夏衫,下着乳白色的百褶裙,坐在折叠椅上。而炕头上横着一个一米多长的老式大枕头。<br />
<br />
I met Yu Zhengfang on my second visit. She wore a pink Dacron summer shirt and a milky white pleated skirt, sitting on a folding chair. On the heatable brick bed was an old-fashioned pillow more than one meter long.<br />
<br />
挺秀气、时髦的一个姑娘,一张口却不时显露出粗野——她保留着祖辈传下来的一些语汇:“驴XX进的”“妈拉个腿儿”……而一提及夫妻关系,她总是说成“老婆汉子”。<br />
<br />
She was very delicate and fashionable, but when she spoke something, her rudeness could be seen from time to time. She spoke some vocabularies handed down from her ancestors like motherfucker, son of a bitch... and when it comes to the relationship between husband and wife, she always says "man and wife".<br />
<br />
她讲起坐飞机的感受:“真舒服呀！开始上升的时候难受一阵儿,飞平了什么也觉不出来。云彩绒嘟嘟的,伸手就能抓住,就和画上的嫦娥奔月ー样……”乘了几个来回的飞机,她体验了“嫦娥奔月”和“仙女下凡”的滋味。上百元一张的飞机票,节省了14天的时间,这是他们的父辈所不具有的时间价值观。<br />
<br />
She talked about the feeling of taking a plane: "It's so comfortable! When the plane started to rise, I felt uncomfortable, but I couldn't feel anything when it flew flat. Clouds are velvet, and you can catch them with your hand, just like the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon in the painting..." After several round-trip planes, she experienced "Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" and "Fairy going down to earth". A plane ticket hundreds of yuan saved 14 days, which was a time value that their parents did not have.<br />
<br />
“死了也闭眼了,不光坐了飞机,还坐了大轮船!”她说着,拿出一本大相册,那上面有他们在各地的留影:有的在布达拉宫,有的在西湖苏堤,有的在上海南京路, 有的在天柱峰……那全是用自己的照相机照的,他们过着旅游式的生活。从这些相片上可以看出一个农村姑娘的演变,由“炊帚把”到烫着披肩发;由粗布衣到时髦裙装……她自豪地说:“就差香港和台湾没去了！”我看到茶盘里堆着些废车票, 那是没有人给他们报销的。<br />
<br />
"It’s worth dying for taking a plane and a ship!" While she said, she took out a big photo album with pictures of them in various places: some in Potala Palace, some in Su Di of West Lake, some in Nanjing Road of Shanghai, and some in Tianzhu Peak … They were all taken with their own camera, and they lived a tourist life. From these photos, we can see the evolution of a rural girl, from flyaway hair to curly hair and from coarse cloth to fashionable skirt... She proudly said: "We only have not gone Hong Kong and Taiwan!" I saw some old tickets piled up in the tea tray, which can’t be reimbursed.<br />
<br />
“现在还去西藏吗?”<br />
<br />
"Are you still going to Tibet?"<br />
<br />
“不去了,最后一趟让人坑了一下子。”她不愿讲被“坑”的详情,也不讲丈夫出差去了哪里,忽然对着外屋喊了声:“凯乐!”（那是印度故事影片《奴里》中一条狗的名字）接着一条大黄狗欢跳着跑进来。这个农民的女儿剥开一块价值两盒火柴的金纸奶糖,向空中一丢,大黄狗熟练地ー下咬到嘴里,甜甜地嚼起来。她接着又剥开了第二块……<br />
<br />
"No, some people cheated us in our last trip." She didn't want to tell the details of being cheated or where her husband went on a business trip. Suddenly, she shouted to the outhouse: "Khairoo!" (That's the name of a dog in the Indian feature film Noorie). Then a big yellow dog jumps in happily. This farmer's daughter peeled off a piece of toffee wrapped with gold paper worth two boxes of matches and threw it into the air. The dog skillfully bit it into her mouth and chewed this sweet food. She then peeled off a second piece...<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系三:青烟升处有人家）<br />
<br />
(Relationship 3: There are people in a place where smoke is curling upward)<br />
<br />
1983年冬月,邢春香去江苏金湖县农机厂看望当临时工的儿子,这是她第一次出远门。<br />
<br />
In the winter of 1983, Xing Chunxiang went to Jinhu County Agricultural Machinery Factory in Jiangsu Province to visit her son who worked as a temporary worker. This was her first time to travel to a distant place.<br />
<br />
她在那里看到橡胶车间全是女工,活儿不累,也挺赚钱,设备只是ー个压力板和一个小烘炉。<br />
<br />
She saw that the rubber workshop was full of women workers there. It was easy to work and make money. The equipment was just a pressure plate and a small oven.<br />
<br />
邢春香带了几个橡胶制品回来,和老头子肖振竹商量:“咱办个家庭工厂吧。” 老头子摇摇头说:“上哪弄资金?”邢春香说:“现在兴贷款,挣了再还!”老头子又愁销路,邢春香说:“孩子有个干爹跑供销,能帮忙。再说一回生,两回熟,三回成了老主顾。”老头子还愁没技术,邢春香说:“咱儿子就能当老师!”<br />
<br />
Xing Chunxiang brought back some rubber products and discussed with his husband Xiao Zhenzhu: "Let's set up a family factory." The old man shook his head and said, "Where can we get the money?" Xing said: "Now it’s popular to loan money from a bank, we can pay it back after we earn money!" The old man was worried about the selling line again. Xing Chunxiang said, "Our child’s godfather working in supply and marketing can help. Besides, difficult the first time, easy the second. We become regular customers the third time." The old man still worried that they didn’t have the know-how, but Xing said: "Our son can be a teacher!"<br />
<br />
经过一番筹措、铺排,第一批货出厂不久,嘎嚇嚇的票子就汇过来了,这一下小山村轰动了!村里大闺女、小媳妇、壮小伙子都争着来当“工人”。现在这位老嫂子自命为“经理”,讲话满口新名词儿:<br />
<br />
After arrangement and preparation, the first batch of goods was produced from the factory, and a hefty sum of money was remitted, which caused a sensation in the small mountain village! Girls, wives and strong young men in the village were all vying to be workers. Now the old woman called herself manager, and her speech is full of new terms:<br />
<br />
“眼时咱体制小,用不了这么多人,资金也流动不开。<br />
<br />
"Now we have a small system, so we don’t need so many people so that we can make money flow."<br />
<br />
“这一次生产的都是汽车、火车上用的橡胶制品,销北京汽车装配公司,天津宏 光五金厂、吉林铁路上、银川刚拉上关系……跑外都是我,采胶得上远地,沈阳、天津……老头子从来没出过门,打怯……<br />
<br />
"This time, all the rubber products produced are used in cars and trains. They are sold to Beijing Automobile Assembly Company, Tianjin Hongguang Hardware Factory and Jilin Railway. We just pulled wires with companies in Yinchuan... I am in charge of doing business outside, and I have to buy rubber far away, like Shenyang, Tianjin... My husband has never been on a long journey, so he is timid...<br />
<br />
“说起来我进这家20来年了,连个悖悖也吃不上,光吃地瓜。一年分三四十斤小麦,不够来客的,有一口半口好吃的,也都先尽他爷们儿……”<br />
<br />
"I have married him for over 20 years, but I can't even eat a bun cake. I just eat sweet potatoes. We got thirty or forty jin of wheat a year, which is not enough for visitors. If there is a mouthful of delicious food, I’ll give it to my husband and son..."<br />
<br />
丈夫肖振竹——那个被控诉对象,在忙着做午饭,一直没有搭言。这个种庄稼能手,现在矮了半截。他作为家庭重心的时代已经结束了。<br />
<br />
Xiao Zhenzhu, the accused object, was busy cooking lunch and never spoke. This expert in planting crops is now a cut below. His time as the center of family is over.<br />
<br />
瞧这一家子<br />
<br />
Look at This Family<br />
<br />
——关于家庭内部关系<br />
<br />
—Internal Family Relations<br />
<br />
今天,以血缘关系和传统伦理道德维系着的农村家庭,正接受着新文明浪潮的冲击,正悄悄地产生着一些微妙的变化。<br />
<br />
Today, rural families, which are maintained by blood relationship and traditional ethics, are impacted by the new civilization tide and are quietly undergoing some subtle changes.<br />
<br />
这一家子是掖县徐家公社原家大队人。全家13口人,成员构成是4个儿子、3个儿媳、1个女儿、2个孙子、1个孙女,加上老两口。按常规,这个大家庭将面临分家的边缘,家长们也只能靠伦理观念和封建的家长权威来调节儿女妣姓之间的矛盾。<br />
<br />
This family is from the Yuan brigade of Xu Commune in Ye County. There are 13 people in the whole family, including 4 sons, 3 daughters-in-law, 1 daughter, 2 grandsons, 1 granddaughter, and the parents. Normally, this big family will face the division of possessions, and parents can only rely on ethical concepts and feudal parental authority to mediate contradictions among their children and sisters-in-law.<br />
<br />
1983年初,54岁的原成芳老汉为了给家中的劳力找出路,办了个家庭塑料厂。<br />
<br />
At the beginning of 1983, 54-year-old Yuan Chengfang set up a family plastic factory in order to find direction in life for laborers in his family.<br />
<br />
老汉和老伴商量:“队上办厂子为什么跨了?就是没有章程,整天打打吵吵,最后只剩下个空房子。”老伴说:“都是自己家里的人,定不定规矩不要紧。”老汉说: “那不行,丑话头里说。现在不定,以后出了问题再定就晚了。”<br />
<br />
The old man discussed with his wife: "Why did the brigade’s factory go bankrupt? Because there is no charter, and fighting and noises are on all day. Finally there is only an empty house left." His wife said: "They are all people in their own family. It doesn't matter if you decide the rules." The old man said, "Let me speak frankly, that won't work. If we don’t set rules now, it will be too late when something goes wrong in the future."<br />
<br />
晚上,老汉召集家庭会议:<br />
<br />
In the evening, the old man held a family meeting:<br />
<br />
“中央叫咱致富,咱得给政府壮壮脸,咱这个工厂要办就办好!现在竞争这么厉害,没有个章法不行,第一条咱得有个厂长!”<br />
<br />
"The central government asks us to be successful, so we should live up to its expectations. If we decide to set up a factory, we should do it well! Now the competition is so fierce, it won’t work if there is no rule. The first one is that we should have a factory director!"<br />
<br />
当然,没有人敢和老汉竞选,儿女们只觉得新鲜有趣,忍俊不禁举手通过了“爹厂长”。<br />
<br />
Of course, no one dared to run against the old man, and the children only thought it novel and interesting, so they couldn't help raising their hands and approved the proposal.<br />
<br />
老汉说:“好,我是厂长了,就按工厂的条条办。麻雀虽小,五脏俱全,下面我来给你们分分工……”<br />
<br />
The old man said, "OK, I'm the factory director now, so I'll manage it according to the rules of the factory. Even a fly has its spleen. Let me assign tasks..."<br />
<br />
这位“厂长爹”的分工是颇有心计的:大儿子兼会计;闺女兼考勤员;老四负责生产调度和质量检查、现金保管——他没成家,没有私心;老汉兼管技术和供销;老伴管“后勤”。8个劳力,分四班倒,6小时一班,每班有定额。媳妇、姑娘工资制, 每月25元,这是搽胭脂、抹粉钱,年底再分红。坚持考勤制度,迟到1分钟扣半天工资,超过5分钟扣1天工资……<br />
<br />
The factory director was quite calculating: the eldest son was an accountant; the daughter was responsible for attendance; the fourth child was responsible for production scheduling, quality inspection, and the custody of cash—he didn’t start a family, so he had no selfish motives; the old man was in charge of technology, supply and marketing; his wife was in charge of logistics. There were 8 laborers, which were divided into four shifts and they worked a 6-hour shift, with a quota for each shift. Daughters-in-law and his daughter can receive 25 yuan salary every month, which was for them to but rouge and powder, and they would have dividends at the end of the year. According to the attendance system, half-a-day salary will be deducted for being late for 1 minute, and one-day salary for more than 5 minutes...<br />
<br />
章程订出来了,全“厂”通过,大红纸一写,贴在迎门墙上。<br />
<br />
The charter was established, and everyone approved it. It was written in red paper and posted on the entrance wall.<br />
<br />
大媳妇娘家是珍珠乡大辛台人,来去30里。一次回娘家,她晚回来10分钟罚去了1天工资。大媳妇第二次回娘家,撇下已经下到锅里的饺子,一身大汗地蹬着车子赶回来。<br />
<br />
The eldest daughter-in-law was from Daxintai, Pearl Township, which was 30 miles away. Once she went back to her parents’ home, she came back 10 minutes late and was fined one day's salary. When she went back to her parents’ home for the second time, she left the dumplings that had been put into the pot, and pedaled back in a sweat.<br />
<br />
我去这个家庭工厂访问时,他们已被评为“五好家庭”,女儿原素玮被评为“好小姑”。<br />
<br />
When I visited this family factory, they had been rated as Five Virtues Family and the daughter Yuan Suwei was rated as Good Husband's Younger Sister.<br />
<br />
我问这位“好小姑”：“你和你嫂子那么好,替她多干一会儿不行吗?干吗要罚呢?”<br />
<br />
I asked her, "You and your sister-in-law have a good relationship, can't you work for her for a while? Why do you fine her for her late?"<br />
<br />
“好玄！这个嫂子误一会儿,那个嫂子误一会儿,还不把我累死!”<br />
<br />
"Your idea is strange! If this sister-in-law is late, and that sister-in-law is late, I’ll be exhausted!"<br />
<br />
他们不是在人为地创造戏剧。商品生产迫使他们走向社会。在过去从事集体生产时,家庭成员之间的经济关系,基本是在消费领域中。消费和传统的伦理家教,成为联结家庭的两个纽带。现在家庭成了一个独立的生产单位,他们不光用生产者的观点考虑问题了,还要从经营者的角度考虑技术、信息、市场,他们需要提高效率,提高竞争能力。在时间观念上,他们不能再像过去那样只分春夏秋冬,或者含糊地“吃顿饭的工夫”“抽袋烟的工夫”。家庭成员之间不仅有直接生产的关系, 还有交换劳动和交换产品的关系,甚至竞争关系!家庭成员之间的分配关系随着生产方式的改变也在发生着变化!他们像艘古老的小船驶出平静的港湾,迎着波涛向彼岸驶去,船上全体人员需要的不是固守那些陈旧的道德规范,而是要务尽职 能,变成一个协同一致的集体、奋力如一的整体,当巨轮迎面开过,涌起的惊涛要将它吞没时,它可以迅速地调转船头,驶向新的海域。<br />
<br />
They're not artificially creating drama. Commodity production forces them to go to society. In the past, when they engaged in collective production, the economic relationship among family members basically lied in the field of consumption. Consumption and traditional ethical tutoring have become two ties connecting families. Now the family has become an independent production unit. Family members not only consider problems from the producer's point of view, but also consider technology, information and market from the operator's point of view. They need to improve efficiency and competitiveness. In the concept of time, they can no longer divide time into spring, summer, autumn and winter as in the past, or vaguely into the time when eating a meal and the time when having a cigarette. There is not only a direct production relationship among family members, but also a relationship of exchanging labor and products, and even a competitive relationship! The distribution relationship among family members is also changing with the change of production mode! They sailed out of the calm harbor like an old boat, sailed to the other shore against the waves. What all the crew on board need is not to stick to the old moral norms, but to do their duty to unite together. When the huge boat passes head-on and the surging waves are going to engulf it, it can quickly turn its bow and sail to a new sea area.<br />
<br />
第六章宁海镇的共产党人<br />
<br />
Chapter 6 Communists in Ninghai Town<br />
<br />
你见过罗丹的雕塑《思想者》吗?<br />
<br />
Have you ever seen Rodin's sculpture ''The Thinker''?<br />
<br />
他赤裸着身子,肌腱隆起,头颅被思想压得低垂下来。他精神专注而严峻,你感到他是在做自身和人类命运的思考。由于思想,你感到他生命内涵的力量。<br />
<br />
He is naked, with strong tendons, and his head hangs down under the pressure of thoughts. He has focused mind a stern face, and you feel that he is thinking about himself and human destiny. Because of thought, you feel the power of his life connotation.<br />
<br />
现在坐在我对面的,是宁海镇年轻的镇委书记谢玉堂。他中等身材,略胖,浓浓的黑发呈“剑拔弩张”之势,目光兼有敦厚和睿智,举止老练持重,颇有处变不惊的大将风度。在和我交谈的间歇,不时陷入一种沉静的思索之中,那沉静中蕴含着一种激烈的奔腾。<br />
<br />
Sitting opposite me now is Xie Yutang, the young secretary of Ninghai Town Committee. He is of medium height, slightly fat, with thick black hair showing commanding presence. He is sophisticated with honest and wise eyes, like a composed general. In between conversations with me, he fell into silent thinking from time to time, and there was passion in the silence.<br />
<br />
时代把才华和命题同时给予了这位农民的儿子,他热爱生活,热爱土地。借十一届三中全会的东风,他“壮士不下马”,带领全镇人民四年跨出四大步。1978年宁海镇的工副业项目仅有20多个,现在已发展到800多个。1984年全镇总收入将达到一个亿！——宁海镇人提前16年翻两番！在我国北方,这可能算得上佼佼者！<br />
<br />
The times gave the farmer's son talent and questions, who loved life and land at the same time. Taking advantage of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, he worked hard to lead the people of the whole town to take four big steps in four years. In 1978, there were only over 20 sideline projects in Ninghai Town, but now it has grown to over 800. In 1984, the total income of the whole town will reach 100 million yuan! People’s income in Ninghai Town quadrupled 16 years ahead of schedule! In the north of China, this may be outstanding!<br />
<br />
我把旋风一样奔忙的镇委书记拖到幽静的“风云林园”。<br />
<br />
I took the busy secretary of the town committee to the quiet "Fengyun Forest Park".<br />
<br />
风云林园也是他的政绩之一。十个林区,修起了十座样式迥异的小楼,有哥特式,有古典式,有东洋式,使古老的山区洋溢着现代化的气息。这些小楼既作为各分场的场部,还准备接待科学家、教授、画家、作家（我是第一个被接待的蹩脚作家）。擅长书法的市委书记王济夫挥毫为总场场部题下“风云楼”三个大字,取风起云涌之意。<br />
<br />
Fengyun Forest Park is also one of his achievements. Ten small buildings with different styles have been built in ten forest areas, including Gothic, classical and oriental styles, which makes the ancient mountainous areas look more modernized. These small buildings serve as the field departments of each field, and are also prepared to serve scientists, professors, painters and writers (I was the first bad writer to be served). Wang Jifu, secretary of the municipal party committee who is good at calligraphy, wrote the three characters "Fengyun Building" for the general field department, meaning rising wind and clouds.<br />
<br />
“山不高而秀雅,水不深而澄清,地不广而平坦,林不大而茂盛……”谢玉堂坐 在“风云楼”内的沙发上,借《三国演义》中描绘诸葛亮隐居之地的文字,自喻风云林园。这位年轻的党务工作者的气质,已远远不同于当年的老镇长、老乡长。<br />
<br />
"The mountain is not high but beautiful; the water is not deep but clear; the land is not wide but flat; the forest is not big but lush..." Xie Yutang sat on the sofa in Fengyun Building, and imitated the words depicting Zhu Geliang's seclusion in Romance of the Three Kingdoms to describe Fengyun Forest Park. The temperament of this young party worker is far different from that of the old mayor and township head.<br />
<br />
“宁海镇的变化,应归之于三中全会后三个结构的改变。”他像个理论工作者, 也像个韬略家,开始给我讲述宁海镇繁荣的奥秘。<br />
<br />
"The changes in Ninghai Town should be attributed to the changes in the three structures after the Third Plenary Session." Like a theoretical worker and a strategist, he began to tell me the mystery of Ninghai Town's prosperity.<br />
<br />
“第一是农业内部经济结构的改变。<br />
<br />
"The first one is the change of economic structure within agriculture."<br />
<br />
“中国农村的单一经济,已经走到尽头了!我上任后把65个大队做了一次全面的调查,全社人均一亩多地,城里大队才半亩地,在土地上’翻番’能翻出个什么名堂?’汉子推,老婆拉,一天能挣四毛八。‘人,这个生产力中最积极最活跃的因素,长期以来被束缚在凝固的传统经济模式里。<br />
<br />
"The single economy in rural China has come to an end! After I took office, I made a comprehensive survey of 65 brigades. The whole commune has more than one mu per capita, and the city brigade has only half a mu of land. What can we do though our goal is double the yield? "If a man pushes and his wife pulls, he can earn 48 cents a day." People, the most active factor in production, have long been bound in the unchangeable traditional economic model.<br />
<br />
“’三级所有,队为基础’在60年代初纠正‘共产风’的时候,起了积极的作用, 但是,’队为基础’对发展商品生产起了阻碍作用。土地、资产、劳力、分配,生产队是’一统天下’,外出搞副业一天挣三块、四块,得交到生产队拉平分配。生产队把劳力死死钉在土地上,要发展商品生产,不放人权,怎么发展?毛主席在《六十条》中对'队为基础’的批语是'三十年盯不变’;再按两个'凡是’的观点,'生产队’要延续到90年代。那能行吗?<br />
<br />
"'The average size of the communes was reduced to one-third of the original, and the basic accounting unit devolved from the commune to the brigade to the production team.' It played a positive role in correcting the extreme egalitarianism in the early 1960s, but the system based on the collective ownership economy of production teams hindered the development of commodity production. Land, assets, labor and distribution were all managed by the production team, and if you go out to engage in sideline business and earn three or four yuan a day, you had to hand over to the production team for equal distribution. The production team restricted labor to the land. If we want to develop commodity production without human rights, how can we develop it? Chairman Mao's comment on it in Sixty Items is "adhering to it for 30 years". According to the Two Whatevers, the form of production team should last until the 1990s. Can that work?"<br />
<br />
“随着农村责任制的落实,商品生产的发展,劳动力的重新组合,生产队的消亡就成为ー种历史的必然。<br />
<br />
"With the implementation of the rural responsibility system, the development of commodity production and the recombination of labor, the demise of the production team has become a historical necessity.<br />
<br />
“82年秋种以后,我把全公社150个生产队长召集到ー起,向他们宣布:'你们的历史使命结束了!生产队一级将从中国的地平线上永远地消失了!这些年你们带领群众立下了汗马功劳,党和人民不会忘记你们。<br />
<br />
"After the autumn planting in 1982, I summoned 150 production captains of the whole commune and announced to them: 'Your historical mission is over! The production team will disappear forever in China! Over the years, you have led the masses to make great contributions, so the party and the people will never forget you.'"<br />
<br />
“生产队的取消,突破了一个根深蒂固的传统观念——农村,就是从事农业生产的地方。解放了的生产力,在完成着自身的历史转折,从'体力型’转向'智力型’,从'农业型’转向'农工并举型’,不停地改变着农业内部的经济结构。<br />
<br />
"The cancellation of the production team breaks a deep-rooted traditional convention that countryside is a place engaged in agricultural production. The liberated productive forces are changing their own roles historically, from 'physical type' to 'intelligence type', from 'agricultural type' to 'agricultural and industrial combined type', constantly changing the internal economic structure of agriculture."<br />
<br />
“随着农业内部经济结构的改变,农村原有的知识结构就不相适应了。农民长期以来束缚在单一的知识结构里,沿袭着神农氏就有的农业知识。机械化虽然给他们带来ー些新的东西,但没有根本改变他们板结的知识土壤。过去农业的改革,都限于优良品种的调换,复种面积的增加。农民依靠四大作物创高产致富的希望, 像肥皂泡一年又一年地破灭了。现在农民把致富的希望从农业转向商品生产,他们对知识的渴求也转向了商品生产,但是他们没有条件进行专修。我们充分发挥了全镇680多名外请技工的作用,他们用新的知识、新的文化,医治历史留给农民的'贫血症’。全镇近年又开办经营管理、财会、修配、制图、机械、铸造、电器、塑料 エ艺、铝制品等42个专业培训班140余期,成千上万的农民从板结的土地上站了起来！<br />
<br />
"With the change of the internal economic structure of agriculture, the original knowledge structure in rural areas is not suitable. Farmers have been bound in a single knowledge structure for a long time, keeping agricultural knowledge alive since ancient times. Although mechanization has brought them something new, it has not fundamentally changed their knowledge structure. In the past, agricultural reform was limited to the exchange of fine varieties and the increase of sequential cropping area. Farmers' hopes of creating high yields and getting rich by relying on the four major crops have been dashed year after year like soap bubbles. Now farmers have shifted their hope of getting rich from agriculture to commodity production, and their thirst for knowledge has also shifted to commodity production, but they have no conditions to specialize in it. We give full play to the role of more than 680 skilled workers in the town, who draw on new knowledge and new culture to cure farmers' anemia left by history. In recent years, we set up 42 professional training courses in management, accounting, repair, drawing, machinery, casting, electrical appliances, plastic arts and aluminum products with more than 140 sessions in town. Thousands of farmers stood on their feet on the hardened land!"<br />
<br />
“干部的组织结构的改变,是最重要的一条。改革首先要改'火车头’,把'蒸汽机’改成'内燃机’。我刚来的时候,全镇大队一级干部,60%以上是土改和合作化时期的老同志,习惯了搞单一农业。这几年我们逐步调整了40多个班子, 改革用人制度,铁饭碗要打破,铁椅子要推倒,把不适应商品生产、只知道’腱朝 外,头朝里,抡起大镰使劲劈’的干部调换下来。时势造就着一代新人,现在是大将出马,元帅开帐,全镇出现了一大批’混世魔王’,把个宁海镇闹得天翻地覆!”<br />
<br />
"The change of the organizational structure of cadres is the most important one. First of all, the reform should change "locomotive" and "steam engine" into "internal combustion engine". When I first came to this town, more than 60% of the cadres of the whole town brigade were old comrades who experienced the period of land reform and agricultural cooperative campaign, so they were used to engaging in single agriculture. In recent years, we have gradually adjusted more than 40 teams, reformed the employment system, broke the iron rice bowl, and replaced the cadres who were not suitable for commodity production and only knew agriculture. The times have created a new generation. Now it is generals who go out and marshals who get promotion and a large number of "demons" have appeared in the whole town, turning Ninghai town upside down!"<br />
<br />
我惊叹,这一番“结构学”出自一个年轻的农村基层干部之胸!但作为文学, 我需要索取形象。不想他“顺手牵羊”,抬手指指进来送水的林场场长曲松庆说: “他就算ー个……”<br />
<br />
I was amazed that this "structuralism" was told by a young rural grassroots cadre! But because of literature, I need to ask for an image. I don't want him to be this character, so I raised his finger and pointed Qu Songqing, the forest farm director who delivered water, and said: "He can be accounted..."<br />
<br />
不拘一格<br />
<br />
Be Not Limited to One Type<br />
<br />
——用人之道一<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain TalentsⅠ<br />
<br />
这个经营着几万亩林场的场长的出山（或叫“进山”）是别具一格的。他原是桥子大队的一个社员,谢玉堂第一次听到他的名字是从“片长”汇报中,说这个曲松庆为盖房的事情顶撞大队长,片长去批评他,也被顶了回来。<br />
<br />
This director who runs tens of thousands of mu of forest farms took on a government post, which is unique. He used to be a member of Qiaozi Brigade. Xie Yutang first heard his name from the report of the head of region, saying that Qu Songqing contradicted the captain for building a house, and he was contradicted when he criticized Qu.<br />
<br />
谢玉堂派人把曲松庆叫了来,这个年纪比镇委书记大的庄户人,带着“官官相护”的成见,在他对面坐下。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang sent someone to call Qu Songqing. This farmer, who is older than the secretary of the town committee, sat down opposite him with the prejudice of "officials protecting each other".<br />
<br />
“曲松庆,你知道我叫你来干什么吗?”<br />
<br />
"Qu Songqing, do you know what I called you for?"<br />
<br />
“知道!”曲松庆心有灵犀一点通。<br />
<br />
"Yes!" Qu Songqing understood the meaning tacitly.<br />
<br />
“你头上的小角长得还挺硬邦的呀!”<br />
<br />
"You are so stubborn!"<br />
<br />
“我割的肉在家都放臭了,大队长不让盖,把地基都给扒了 ！”<br />
<br />
"The meat I cut stinks at home. The captain won't let me build a house and even remove the foundation!"<br />
<br />
“你先把房子停下。”<br />
<br />
"You stop building your house first."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“因为你和大队有矛盾。”<br />
<br />
"Because you have conflicts with the brigade."<br />
<br />
“当初盖房是党委批准的,现在书记和大队长闹矛盾,把我牵扯进去了,但是没有理由不让我盖房子。我的料都备好了,马上就要到雨季,再说我盖起一幢房也是美化了家乡,美化了祖国……”<br />
<br />
"At the beginning, building a house was approved by the Party committee. Now the secretary and the captain have conflicts and I’m also involved, but there is no reason not to let me build a house. My materials are ready, and it is going to be the rainy season soon. Besides, the house that I build can beautify my hometown and my motherland..."<br />
<br />
曲松庆不卑不亢地对答着。他那布满血丝的眼睛里,透出一种骨气。<br />
<br />
Qu Songqing answered in a neither humble nor arrogant way. In his bloodshot eyes, there was dignity.<br />
<br />
“你先回去,等候公社派人去处理。”<br />
<br />
"You can go back first and wait for the commune to send someone to deal with it."<br />
<br />
“停下不要紧,你什么时候给我解决? ”<br />
<br />
"It doesn't matter to stop building my house, but when will you solve it for me?"<br />
<br />
“三天之内！”<br />
<br />
"In three days!"<br />
<br />
曲松庆临走站起来说:“谢书记,当领导的处理问题首先要搞好调查研究。你的批评涉及我曲松庆,对的地方,我马上执行,偏的地方,我得保留意见……”<br />
<br />
Qu Songqing stood up before leaving and said, "Secretary Xie, when a leader deals with problems, he must first do a good job of investigation and research. If your criticism involving me is right, I will correct mistakes immediately, but I will have reservations if it is wrong..."<br />
<br />
那是一个不软不硬的钉子。<br />
<br />
He is like a nail that is neither soft nor hard.<br />
<br />
一个月之后,谢玉堂第二次把曲松庆叫到办公室里来了。<br />
<br />
A month later, Xie Yutang called Qu Songqing to the office for the second time.<br />
<br />
“你找我……有事吧?”曲松庆带有戒备地看着谢玉堂。<br />
<br />
"You asked me... for something?" Qu Songqing looked at Xie Yutang with vigilance.<br />
<br />
“镇党委决定让你到南山林场担任场长!”<br />
<br />
"The town party committee decided to let you go to Nanshan Forest Farm as the director!"<br />
<br />
“我……”曲松庆吃惊地瞪大了眼睛,他不敢相信这是真的,“我……行吗?”<br />
"Me..." Qu Songqing was in surprise, with eyes wide-open. He couldn't believe it was true. "Am I up to it...?"<br />
<br />
在谢玉堂眼里,面前的这个曲松庆已毫不陌生了:他当过生产小队长,他在东 北大兴安岭伐过木,他……谢玉堂似乎并不准备打消曲松庆的疑虑,而是像对一个已经任职多年的林场场长那样说:<br />
<br />
For Xie Yutang, Qu Songqing in front of him was no stranger: he worked as a production team leader, he cut wood in Greater Khingan Range, northeast China, and he... Xie Yutang did not seem to dispel Qu Songqing's doubts, but said to him as if Qu was a forest farm director who had served for many years:<br />
<br />
“几万亩林场,战线很长,那是全镇人民用血汗把它建起来的,你得明白这个分量。现在就由你来着手组林场的班子!”<br />
<br />
"The forest farm covers tens of thousands of mu, which means it takes a long time to finish this task. It was built by the diligent people of the whole town, so you have to understand its importance. Now it is up to you to set up the team for the forest farm!"<br />
<br />
当我年底第二次见到这位从土坷垃中拨拉出来的风云林场的场长时（现在他已成为一名宁海镇的共产党人）,他已经以林场为大本营,把事业的触须伸到了四面八方:办起了宁海刺绣厂、宁海第二百货公司、风云金矿、风云羊肉馆、贸易公司、 花木公司、建筑公司、冰库、砖厂、鸡场、客车出租。这个年近半百的人,成了一个大“托拉斯”的董事长。鬼知道他还从哪里弄了一辆黑色的“上海轿子”,进山的客人都用它接送。坐在飞驰的汽车上,你可以感觉得到现代动力正冲击着古老的山区！<br />
<br />
When I met the director of Fengyun Forest Farm for the second time at the end of the year (now he has become a Communist in Ninghai Town), he has taken the forest farm as his base camp and extended his business presence to all directions: Ninghai Embroidery Factory, Ninghai No.2 Department Store Company, Fengyun Gold Mine, Fengyun Mutton Restaurant, Trading Company, Flower and Tree Company, Construction Company, Ice Bank, Brick Factory, Chicken Farm and Bus Rental. This person, who is nearly half a century old, has become the chairman of a big "Trust". Who knows where he got a black sedan made in Shanghai, which was used to pick up and drop off guests going to the mountains. Sitting in a speeding car, you can feel the modern power impacting the ancient mountain areas!<br />
<br />
好马也吃回头草<br />
<br />
A Good Horse Will Also Turn Round to Graze on an Old Pasture<br />
<br />
——用人之道二<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain TalentsⅡ<br />
<br />
谢玉堂刚上任的时候,杜家瞳是有名的“幸福村” 。所谓幸福,并非丰衣足食之喻,而是领导班子涣散,社员可以任意逍遥。全村几百口子不仅工副业项目没有一个,1981年春谢玉堂带工作组进村时,还带去5000斤救济粮!<br />
<br />
When Xie Yutang first took office, DuJiatong was a famous "happy village". The so-called happiness is not a metaphor for ample food and clothing, but a lax leadership team and carefree members. There were none of sideline projects in the village home to hundreds of residents. When Xie Yutang brought the working group into the village in the spring of 1981, he also brought 2,500 kg of relief food!<br />
<br />
老支书胡风洲和能说会道的大队长孔庆富尿不到ー个壶里,而过去来驻点的 干部们,大都倾向于老支书（人们惯于对“老”有感情）,而把孔庆富说得一无是处。<br />
<br />
Hu Fengzhou, the old branch secretary, and Kong Qingfu, the eloquent captain, had different opinions. However, most of the cadres who came to the station in the past tended to support the old branch secretary (people are used to having feelings for the old), and regarded Kong Qingfu good for nothing.<br />
<br />
为了维护领导班子的统一,谢玉堂把孔庆富的大队长职务撤掉了。<br />
<br />
In order to maintain the unity of the leadership team, Xie Yutang removed Kong Qingfu as the captain.<br />
<br />
孔庆富跑“单帮”去了,到南乡涝夼大队的果酒厂当供销员。<br />
<br />
Kong Qingfu then became a self-employed businessman and worked as a supply and marketing staff in the fruit winery of Nanxiang Laokuang Brigade.<br />
<br />
涝夼大队支书张培清,也是胶东半岛上一名豪杰。他利用昆布山天然泉水资源办起了果酒厂,出产的枣酒、桃酒闻名遐迩。<br />
<br />
Zhang Peiqing, the branch secretary of Laokuang Brigade, is also an outstanding talent on Jiaodong Peninsula. He used the natural spring water resources of Khumbu Mountain to set up a fruit winery, producing famous jujube wine and peach wine.<br />
<br />
孔庆富的“能说会道”成了发展商品生产的优势,他懂信息,会核算,能交往, 每到一处都能很快地打开局面。<br />
<br />
Kong Qingfu's eloquence has become an advantage in developing commodity production. He knows information, calculation and communication well, and can quickly solve problems everywhere.<br />
<br />
1982年2月,谢玉堂托人捎信让孔庆富回来。<br />
<br />
In February 1982, Xie Yutang sent a message to let Kong Qingfu come back.<br />
<br />
“你找我?”孔庆富心里忐忑不安。在他被撤之后,曾大大地散布了一番对镇委书记的不满。<br />
<br />
"What happened?" Kong Qingfu felt uneasy. After his dismissal, he showed his discontent twith the secretary of the town committee to many people.<br />
<br />
“我撤了你的大队长,你知道是为什么吧?”<br />
<br />
"I dismissed you from your office. Do you know why?"<br />
<br />
“知道,我欺负胡风洲!”<br />
<br />
"Yes, I can’t cooperate with Hu Fengzhou!"<br />
<br />
“你下台以后有什么感想?”<br />
<br />
"How did you feel after you stepped down?"<br />
<br />
“挺苦闷的。我年轻力壮,想干一番事业……我想党委撤了我,这辈子不会再用我了！”<br />
<br />
"I was depressed. I am young and strong, and I want to make contributions... I think the party committee has withdrawn me and will not hire me again in my life!"<br />
<br />
“你对村里的工作有什么想法?”<br />
<br />
"What do you think of the work in the village?"<br />
<br />
“俺这个村……我干比他们干好。”<br />
<br />
"This village... I can do better than them."<br />
<br />
“你们那个’幸福村‘穷成那个样子,你有什么施政纲领?”孔庆富丢掉了拘束, 对着镇委书记念开了“商品经”:上建筑、上翻砂、上果酒……果然头头是道,高人一筹。<br />
<br />
"Your 'happy village' is poor. What policies do you have?" Kong Qingfu felt at home and talked about his opinions and experience about commodity to the secretary of the town committee: buildings, casting technique and fruit wine... Without doubt, he was better than others.<br />
<br />
谢玉堂说:“党委研究一下,你准备当个工业大队长。我给你厂房,再给你一部分资金,先把果酒厂办起来,你们村还是商品生产的空白……”<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang said: "The party committee has studied it, and you are going to be a captain managing an industry. I will give you factory buildings, and then give you some funds. First, the fruit winery should be set up, because your village doesn’t have any commodity production..."<br />
<br />
一个月之后,杜家瞳村果酒厂就酿出了第一批果酒,一口大缸飘溢着醇香。镇党委成员应邀去品酒,谢玉堂酒未沾唇,先已感到了甜意。<br />
<br />
A month later, Du Village Fruit Winery produced the first batch of fruit wine, and the vat was full of mellow fragrance. Members of the town party Committee were invited to taste wine, and Xie Yutang had felt sweet before the wine touched his lips.<br />
<br />
姜是小的辣<br />
<br />
The Younger, The Wiser<br />
<br />
——用人之道三<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain Talents Ⅲ<br />
<br />
1982年春节前,谢玉堂坐孔家疃大队的吉普车去海阳开会。路上,司机说:<br />
<br />
Before the Spring Festival in 1982, Xie Yutang went to Haiyang for a meeting in the jeep of Kong Brigade. On the way, the driver said:<br />
<br />
“谢书记,我给你推荐一个人吧。”<br />
<br />
"Secretary Xie, let me recommend someone to you."<br />
<br />
"谁?”<br />
<br />
"Who?"<br />
<br />
“王家疃标准件厂的厂长王荣团。你要起用了他,王家疃就有希望了！”<br />
<br />
"Wang Rongtuan, director of Wang Standard Parts Factory. If you appoint him to a job, there will be an opportunity for Wang village to be prosperous!"<br />
<br />
“你这么熟悉他?”<br />
<br />
"You know him so well?"<br />
<br />
“他是我小舅子!”<br />
<br />
"He is my brother-in-law!"<br />
<br />
这位司机还真有点“内举不避亲”的古人风。<br />
<br />
This driver was really a bit of an ancient style of "recommending talents even if they are his relatives".<br />
<br />
对于求贤若渴的谢玉堂来说,这信息的价值不可估量,因为逐渐落后于形势的王家疃,正需要一个得力的接班人。<br />
<br />
For Xie Yutang, who was thirsty for talents, the value of this information was immeasurable, because Wang village overtaken by events needed an effective successor.<br />
<br />
从海阳回来,谢玉堂就迫不及待地去了王家疃标准件厂。年轻的厂长站在冲压床前冲压着螺栓,他那宽厚的肩膀,似乎在等待着历史交给他的新使命。<br />
<br />
After returning from Haiyang, Xie Yutang couldn't wait to go to Wang Standard Parts Factory. The young factory director stood in front of the stamping press and stamped bolts. His broad shoulders seemed to be waiting for the new mission given to him by history.<br />
<br />
这果然是个难得的能人。开始,他一个人管着大队的扬水站,守着一台柴油机,他不满足于这种赋闲的营生,建议大队利用柴油机办个磨坊,一举两得。<br />
<br />
This was really a rare capable person. At first, he personally took charge of the pumping station of the brigade and guarded a diesel engine. He was not satisfied with this idle business, so he suggested that the brigade use the diesel engine to run a mill.<br />
<br />
磨坊办起来了,他见市场上缺螺栓,就去买了一块45号钢,用钻头钻上眼,再用钢铿加工,做了一个模具,再加上一把铁锤,一个星期就出了第一批产品。附近的丝绸厂听说了,一下子全买了去。一个模具、一柄锤子,一天竟能挣到4块钱,而 当时队上的工值是8角。<br />
<br />
When the mill was set up, he saw that there was a shortage of bolts in the market, so he bought a piece of No.45 steel, drilled a hole with a drill, processed it with a steel file, made a mold and a hammer, then the first batch of products came out in a week. Workers in a nearby silk factory heard about it and bought it all at once. A mold and a hammer can help Wang earn 4 yuan a day, while the salary on the team at that time was 8 cents.<br />
<br />
眼前的标准件厂成为拥有成套设备和200多人的颇具规模的工厂了,它的产品已经打到8个省,收入占全队总收入的80%以上。可是,王荣团还不是党员!而支部5个委员都靠在农业上。<br />
<br />
At present, the Standard Parts Factory has become a large-scale factory with complete sets of equipment and more than 200 people. Its products have reached 8 provinces, and its income accounts for more than 80% of the total income of the whole team. However, Wang Rongtuan is not a party member yet! The five members of the branch all rely on agriculture.<br />
<br />
新时期要什么样的共产党员?我们用什么样的新鲜血液充实党的基层队伍? 经济工作搞不上去能不能算个好支部?年轻的镇委书记在深思。<br />
<br />
What kind of Communist Party members do we want in the new period? What kind of fresh blood do we want to enrich the grass-roots ranks of the Party? Can we count a branch as a good one if it has bad economy? The young secretary of the town committee is thinking deeply.<br />
<br />
任何一种结构的改革,都不是一帆风顺的,谢玉堂遇到了历史因袭下来的强大惯性。<br />
<br />
The reform of any kind of structure is not easy. Xie Yutang has encountered a rooted problem left by history.<br />
<br />
8年前,王荣团向党支部递上了第一份申请书,到现在加起来8次申请、6次填表,党支部还要对他再考验,因为他“太年轻” !<br />
<br />
Eight years ago, Wang Rongtuan handed the first application to the Party branch. Up to now, he has applied for eight times and filled out six times, but the Party branch still tests him again because he is too young!<br />
<br />
年近花甲的老支书王应运,是城关一带拔尖的好书记,执行政策从来不走样。 他资历长,辈又大,村里人都敬仰他。他看不惯王荣团这个“孙子辈”的一些做法。 他认为他走的是“白专道路”。有人来厂里联系业务,留下吃饭,老书记得知必说: “不行,咱不能搞不正之风!”去东北买车床,要带点花生米,老书记ー摆手:“不批!”两个人碰碰磕磕的,少不了冒点火星。<br />
<br />
Wang Yingyun, an old branch secretary who was nearly 60 years old, was a top-notch secretary of Chengguan, and implemented policies adamantly. He had high seniority, so villagers admired him. He didn't like the practices of Wang Rongtuan, who was so young that he could even be his grandpa. He thought Wang only paid attention to scholar studies but ignored politics. Someone came to the factory to contact the business and stay for dinner. If the old secretary knew it, he must say: "No, this is dishonest practice!" When they went to the northeast to buy lathes, they want to bring some peanuts. But the old secretary waved his hand: "It is not approved!" These Two people usually had contradictions.<br />
<br />
在王应运眼里,王荣团是一只“刺猬”,丢了舍不得,捧着扎得慌。他是王家疃的“财神爷”，1981年支部给他定额12万,他咬咬牙干出个20万! 1982年给他定了24万,他一下子干了35万！1983年定了40万,他要创到55万！<br />
<br />
For Wang Yingyun, Wang Rongtuan was a hedgehog. He was reluctant to abandon him, but he was upset if he retained Wang Rongtuan. He was the "God of Wealth" of Wangjiatong. In 1981, the branch gave him a quota of 120,000, he gritted his teeth and earned 200,000 yuan! In 1982, the quota were 240,000 yuan, but he earned 350,000 yuan at once! In 1983, the goal was 400,000 yuan, but he wanted to hit 550,000 yuan!<br />
<br />
王荣团像个腾空而起的风筝,扶摇直上九重霄,老支书手中那一缕细线随时都有崩断的可能！<br />
<br />
Wang Rongtuan, like a kite soaring into the sky, flew high, and the thin line in the hands of the old branch secretary could break at any time!<br />
<br />
老支书向工厂派去一个“党代表”——一位离休的老党员王典乐,起个“监督” 作用。不想“党代表”干了两年,竟和王荣团“通同作弊”。谢玉堂去调查时,“党代表”说:“谢书记,我站在党的立场上说句话,王家疃要得好,非得王荣团来干书记!”<br />
<br />
The old branch secretary sent a "party representative", Wang Dianle, a retired old party member, to the factory to supervise Wang. However, the party representative who worked only two years "colluded" with Wang Rongtuan. When Xie Yutang went to investigate, the party representative said: "Secretary Xie, I want to stand on the party's position and say something. Wang Rongtuan has to be the secretary, if we want Wangjiatong to be better!"<br />
<br />
<br />
老支书闻风而动:“谁解决王荣团的组织问题,我官司打到中央!”<br />
<br />
The old branch secretary acted without delay upon hearing this: "If anyone solve the organizational problem of Wang Rongtuan, I will file a lawsuit in the central government!"<br />
<br />
谢玉堂一次次找王应运促膝长谈。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang had a long talk with Wang Yingyun again and again.<br />
<br />
无效。<br />
<br />
But he failed.<br />
<br />
就在这时,王荣团摆了挑子。<br />
<br />
At that moment, Wang Rongtuan gave in.<br />
<br />
正值各村向镇里呈报1983年生产计划,老书记战战兢兢地去报了个78万,而镇里要求他们拿到120万。<br />
<br />
When every village reported the 1983 production plan to the town, the old secretary reported 780,000 yuan with trepidation, but the town asked them to earn 1.2 million.<br />
<br />
王荣团要是一直把挑子擂下去,78万也保不住呀！老支书嘴上起了燎泡,他硬着头皮走进了王荣团的家门,对这个“孙子辈”说:<br />
<br />
If Wang Rongtuan continue to stop working, he can't even reach the goal of 780,000 yuan! The old branch secretary was anxious, so he bit the bullet, walked into Wang Rongtuan's house and said:<br />
<br />
“你的组织问题,支部早在考虑……”<br />
<br />
"The branch has long considered your organizational problems..."<br />
<br />
王荣团把腿一伸:“我不是为‘组织‘不干。我是一个群众,没有那么大的能力再干下去了,标准件厂那么大的’西瓜’,支部不应该去捡起来?”<br />
<br />
Wang Rongtuan stretched out his leg: "I stopped working not because I’m not enrolled in the Communist Party pf China. I am a mass, and I don't have so much ability to go on. Should the large-scale Standard Parts Factory not be managed by the branch?"<br />
<br />
老支书被噎住了。他万万没有想到,他掉进了这位年轻共产党人的“圈套”之中。这一切,也包括王荣团的“台词”,都是镇委书记一手导演出来的。<br />
<br />
He was speechless. He never imagined that he fell into the trap of the young Communist. All this, including Wang Rongtuan's lines, were directed by the secretary of the town committee.<br />
<br />
这也算“斗争艺术”——狡猾狡猾的！<br />
<br />
This is also a cunning "art of conflicts"!<br />
<br />
“孙子辈”治住了“爷爷辈”！<br />
<br />
The "Grandson" won the victory!<br />
<br />
王家疃的这场斗争并没有因此停止,他和后面的故事连接到了一起。<br />
<br />
The conflict in Wang village did not be solved. It was connected with the following stories.<br />
<br />
论资排辈<br />
<br />
Assign a Job in Accordance with Qualifications And Seniority<br />
<br />
——用人之道四<br />
<br />
—The Way to Retain TalentsⅣ<br />
<br />
幼年的时候,我把那相距二里之遥的东油坊看成是“天府之国”。他们在全县第一个办起了农业合作社,第一个小麦亩产过千斤,第一个日工值达到1元。他们种植的大蒜创过亩产一万二千斤的记录。那是一片富庶之地,是人间乐土!东油坊找的媳妇,都是百里挑一的!<br />
<br />
When I was young, I regarded Dongyoufang, which was two miles away, as a "land of abundance". It was the first to set up an agricultural cooperative in the county, have wheat yield exceeding 500 kg per mu, and reach 1 yuan of salary per day. The garlic they planted has reached a record of 12,000 jin per mu. It was a land with abundant resources and a paradise on earth! Daughters-in-law found in Dongyoufang were all one in a thousand!<br />
<br />
这个村因有一座古老的油坊而得名。那古老的油锤声虽然早已消失在历史深处,但是,古朴的村风却世代延续下来。至今,这个村里的人不赶集,不站街头,不大吃大喝,有了钱攒起来,包一层裹一层,再套上一把锁。搞传统农业,谁也搞不过他们,从中华人民共和国成立以来他们就在全县遥遥领先,各村的土墙上大都写着 这样的标语:“学路线,狠抓纲,坚决超过东油坊!”<br />
<br />
This village was named after an ancient oil mill. Although the ancient sound of oil hammer has long disappeared in the depths of history, the simple village style has continued from generation to generation. Up to now, people in this village don't go to the market, stand on the streets, squander money. When they have money, they save it, wrap it in layers, and put on a lock. No one can beat them in traditional agriculture. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, they have been far ahead in the county. Most of the earth walls of villages were written with such slogans: "Learn the line, pay close attention to guiding principles, and resolutely surpass Dongyoufang!"<br />
<br />
东油坊人心里有谱,摆弄土坷垃,够你们赶一气的！<br />
<br />
People in Dongyoufang knew the score. Regarding to land, it was hard for them to catch up!<br />
<br />
可是,后面的人坐着汽车撵上来了——<br />
<br />
However, people lagging behind caught up in a car.<br />
<br />
孔家疃书记曲培萱,有一天乘坐吉普车到东油坊办事,东油坊老支书曲廷璞看了略眼,一见到谢玉堂就叨叨:“你说他年轻轻的,不是摆谱吗?挣了两个钱烧的!”谢玉堂说:“不是他’变’了,是你应该适应新形势了 ！”<br />
<br />
Qu Peixuan, secretary of Kong village, took a jeep to work in Dongyoufang one day. Qu Tingpu, the old branch secretary of Dongyoufang, was annoyed when he saw the jeep. When he saw Xie Yutang, he said, "Qu Peixuan is young, and it seems he is showing off when he sits in a jeep. His money burns a hole in his pocket!" Xie Yutang said: "It is not that he has changed, but that you should adapt to the new situation!"<br />
<br />
曲廷璞心里不着实,又和本村社员叨叨:“过去的干部,连自行车都不骑,现在 有些年轻人坐着吉普到处颠,他们怎个看法?”一个社员当即回答他:“人家书记坐 汽车,社员跟着拿坐汽车的钱！咱的书记坐牛车,咱就跟着挣个牛车钱。俺巴不得你去坐飞机,跟着你挣坐飞机的钱哪个不高兴?”<br />
<br />
Qu Tingpu was uneasy, so he talked with his village members: "In the past, cadres didn't even ride bicycles. Now some young people are sitting around in jeeps. What do they think?" A member immediately answered him: "Their secretary takes the car, and the members earn the money of taking the car! Our secretary takes an ox cart, so we earn the money of taking an ox cart. I wish you would take the plane, and which one is unhappy to earn the money of taking the plane with you?"<br />
<br />
曲廷璞被震动了！不久,又一件事更震动了他:镇党委组织全体支部书记、大队长巡回参观。去了西关,去了新牟,去了王家疃,去了孔家疃,唯独把东油坊隔过去了。曲廷璞当时正住院,听了以后心里难受啊。5尺长的汉子,入党30多年,让人“绕”过去了!（这又是镇委书记的激将法之一）他若在场,真要找块石头碰死!<br />
<br />
Qu Tingpu was amazed! Soon, another thing shocked him even more: the town party committee organized visits for all the branch secretaries and captains. They visited Xiguan, Xinmou, Wang village and Kong village, but only ignored Dongyoufang. Qu Tingpu was in hospital at that time, and he felt uncomfortable after listening to it. A man who had joined the party for more than 30 years, was ignored! (This was reverse psychology of the secretary of the town committee.) If he had been there, he might have struck his head against a stone!<br />
<br />
谢玉堂到医院来看他,安慰他:“你好好养病,让你干20年!”镇委书记知道他的心病,给他吃“宽心丸”。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang came to the hospital to see him and comforted him: "You should take good care of your health and I will let you work for 20 years!" Knowing his worries, the secretary of the town committee gave him a "relief pill".<br />
<br />
他已当了16年支书,想巴结着凑个整数——20年（前一任支部书记曲维模任职也是20年）。可是他一出院,谢玉堂就上门让他考虑接班人的问题,好像忘了在医院的许诺。<br />
<br />
He had been a branch secretary for 16 years, and wanted to make up a round number of 20 years (Qu Weimo, the former branch secretary, also served for 20 years). However, when he was discharged from hospital, Xie Yutang came to ask him to consider the successor, as if he had forgotten his promise in the hospital.<br />
<br />
曲廷璞摇摇头:“我这几年培养了4个,一个好仔儿也没有!”<br />
<br />
Qu Tingpu shook his head: "I have trained 4 in recent years, but there are no appropriate successor!"<br />
<br />
“孔祥烈怎么样?他行不行?”<br />
<br />
"How about Kong Xianglie? Can he do it?"<br />
<br />
“不行！他的外号叫滑石猴!”<br />
<br />
"No way! His nickname is talc monkey (Folk stone carvers in Yechen County have been using traditional techniques to carve small monkey-shaped objects from scraps)!"<br />
<br />
<br />
“人无外号不发,孙悟空不是石猴出世吗?能七十二变、大闹天宫翻龙府,正好。他搞农业能那么专,搞工业也能专上去!”孔祥烈是当地有名的粮食专家,虽然不算年轻,可是个灵通人。他在一亩地里种出过1740斤玉米。莱阳县杨家庄请他去“指导”,他不用对方开口,就能说出小麦的品种;看看分蘖,就能说出某月某日播的种,这使杨家庄的人大为震惊。他过去不懂工业,学了七天“七大管理”“八大指标”,一下子考了98分！他是个识时务者！<br />
<br />
"People don't have nicknames. Isn't the Monkey King a monkey born from a stone? It can got 72 transformations and make a fuss in Heaven and Dragon Palace of the Eastern Sea. He is so specialized in agriculture, so he can also specialize in business!" Kong Xianglie is a famous local food expert. Although he is not young, he is a well-informed person. He planted 870 kg of corn in one mu of land. People in Yangjiazhuang, Laiyang County asked him to guide them in the sector of agriculture. He can tell the variety of wheat before others told him and he can tell the seeds sown on a certain day of the month after he saw tillers, which shocked the people in Yangjiazhuang. He didn't know anything about business in the past. He studied seven management methods and eight indicators for seven days, however, he scored 98 points at once! He is a man recognizing current trends!<br />
<br />
“不行,把权交给他我不放心!”曲廷璞坚持着。<br />
<br />
"No, I’m worried to give him the right!" Qu Tingpu insisted.<br />
<br />
这场辩论一直持续到1983年12月20日,全镇1700名共产党员,集中在当年 八路军的根据地嵎峡河大队,进行一年一度的党员整风学习,并进行支部改选。谢玉堂把曲廷璞、王应运,还有嵎峡河的老书记孙承善和王贺庄的老书记王顺成召集到一起。他们是宁海镇的四个元老,他们的身上带着农村工作的每一个历史时期——土改、合作化、“学大寨”、“文化大革命”……现在他们围着火炉子,听年轻的镇委书记讲古:<br />
<br />
This debate lasted until December 20, 1983. 1700 Communist Party members in the whole town, assembled in the Yuxiahe Brigade, the base area of the Eighth Route Army, conducted the annual rectification study of Party members and re-elected their branch members. Xie Yutang brought Qu Tingpu, Wang Yingyun, Sun Chengshan, the old secretary of Yuxiahe Brigade, and Wang Shuncheng, the old secretary of Wang Hezhuang together. They were the four elders of Ninghai Town. They have experienced every historical period of work in rural areas, namely, land reform, cooperative transformation, learning from Dazhai in agriculture and Cultural Revolution... Now they are around the stove and listen to the young secretary of the town committee talking about stories:<br />
<br />
“刘邦起用韩信而兴汉,韩信年轻的时候,还钻过人家的胯裆;大将周勃是吹鼓手出身;樊哙是杀狗的,相当于咱食品公司的‘杀巴子’;陈平出身贫寒;萧何原来也只是个文书差事;刘邦也不过是‘片长’,十里亭长嘛！用人用其长,用其识,用其才……”讲到半截,谢玉堂出去接电话去了,曲廷璞对着三个老伙伴把拳头一攥、一伸,左右摆了摆,三个老伙伴立时理解了它的含义,那是他们几十年为之奋斗,付出了多少汗水和心血的东西,他们也从那里得到过骄傲和尊严。“这东西不能丢啊!”曲廷璞用强化的语气说。<br />
<br />
"Han Xin served Liu Bang so the Han dynasty became prosperous. When Han Xin was young, he even crawled through between others’ legs. General Bo Zhou was a trumpeter at first. Fan Kuai was a dog killer, which is equivalent to our food company's' butcher. Chen Ping was born in poverty. Xiao He turned out to be just a clerk. Liu Bang was a village headman! When we hire others, we need to find their strengths, knowledge and talents..." Before he finished his speech, Xie went out to answer the phone. Qu Tingpu clenched his fist, stretched it and swung it left and right to his three old partners. They immediately understood the meaning of the posture. They had fought for their job for decades by the sweat of their brow. They also got pride and dignity from it. "This can't be lost!" Qu Tingpu said in an intensified tone.<br />
<br />
谢玉堂又回过头来逐个谈心……这一夜,在这个小小的山庄里,老一代共产党人和年轻的共产党人都失眠了。<br />
<br />
Xie Yutang turned around and talked with them one by one... That night, in this small village, the older generation of communists and the young communists couldn’t fall asleep.<br />
<br />
第二天,曲廷璞早饭也没吃得下,不过,他的话倒是表达了四位“元老”的心 声:“我要是犯了错误下去,摔我南墙上没意见,可我没犯错误!我知道车子转弯时要甩下一些人。我18岁当兵,跟党干了这么多年,从来没甩下去过。30年啦,我不想离开,心里难受——可是我听党委的……”<br />
<br />
The next day, Qu Tingpu didn’t want to eat breakfast. However, he really put the thoughts of the four elders into words: "If I make a mistake, it's okay to fire me, but I didn't make a mistake! I know that some people will be left behind when a car turns. I became a soldier at the age of 18 and I worked with the Party for so many years and have never been dumped. I have worked for 30 years, so I don't want to leave. I feel uncomfortable, but I will adhere to the directions of the party committee... "<br />
<br />
宁海镇的共产党人永远忘不了四个老书记向昨天告别的那一刻。主席台上, 党旗高悬,金匾夺目——那匾额金字是镇委书记亲笔题写的:“为革命立功,德高望重;为四化让贤,壮志不已。”四名即将离位的老同志,端坐在主席台上,下面坐着宁海镇的一千多名共产党员,他们默默对望。<br />
<br />
Communists in Ninghai Town will never forget the moment when the four old secretaries bid farewell to yesterday. On the rostrum, the party flag hung high and the gold plaque was dazzling. The gold characters of the plaque were personally inscribed by the secretary of the town Committee: "Making contributions to the revolution, you will be highly respected; Making way for the Four Modernizations, ambition will not be reduced." Four old comrades who were about to leave their posts were sitting on the rostrum, with more than 1,000 Communist Party members in Ninghai Town sitting below and looking at them silently.<br />
<br />
静极了!只有时间不停地越过空间。<br />
<br />
It was so quiet! Only time was flowing.<br />
<br />
“……同志们,我们年轻的共产党员,一定要以这四个老同志为榜样,带领群众在经济建设中,把宁海镇的新局面开创下去。任何时候,傲不长,欲不纵,乐不极,志不满,团结一致,奋发向前,用我们的双手,把宁海镇建设成一个富饶的宁海,美丽的宁海,强大的宁海。我们的目的一定要达到,也一定能够达到!胜利既然属于党,属于人民,当然也属于我们——宁海镇的共产党员们！”<br />
<br />
"… Comrades, our young Communist Party members must follow the example of these four old comrades and lead the masses to create a new situation in Ninghai Town in economic construction. At any time, you should not be arrogant, frivolous, greedy and unambitious. Instead, we should unite together, work hard, and use our hands to build Ninghai Town into a rich, beautiful and powerful town. Our goal should be achieved, and must be achieved! Since victory belongs to the Party and the people, it certainly belongs to us, the Communist Party members in Ninghai Town!"<br />
<br />
镇委书记谢玉堂致辞完毕,四位“元老”手捧金匾,在他们各自的接班人搀扶 下——王荣团扶着王应运,王可勇扶着王承善,孙祥烈扶着曲廷璞,王忠武扶着王 顺成——向台下走去。他们是戴着红花走下历史的舞台的！<br />
<br />
After Xie Yutang, secretary of the town committee, delivered his speech, four elders holding the golden plaque walked off the stage with the help of their respective successors. Wang Rongtuan supported Wang Yingyun; Wang Keyong supported Wang Chengshan; Sun Xianglie supported Qu Tingpu, and Wang Zhongwu supported Wang Shuncheng. They walked off the stage of history with red flowers!<br />
<br />
全场起立,向这庄严的场面报以泪水和掌声！<br />
<br />
The audience stood up and responded to this solemn scene with tears and applause!<br />
<br />
至此,宁海镇的共产党人更新了他战车上的每一根大轴、每一个齿轮。<br />
<br />
At this point, the Communists in Ninghai Town updated every big shaft and every gear on their chariot.<br />
<br />
第七章敬礼!西关文化<br />
<br />
Chapter 7 Salute! Xiguan Culture<br />
<br />
西关公园及西关人<br />
<br />
Xiguan Park and Residents in Xiguan<br />
<br />
——向旧文化告别<br />
<br />
—Say Goodbye to the Old Culture<br />
<br />
若是亲爱的读者对这漫长的旅行已感到了疲惫,我们不妨拐进中国农民兴建的第一座农村公园,稍事休憩,看一看“西关文化”。<br />
<br />
If dear readers are tired of this long journey, we might as well go to the first rural park built by Chinese farmers, have a rest and look at the Xiguan Culture.<br />
<br />
文明来到了西关这片古老的土地上。公园里经常举行各种各样的农民舞会、农民歌咏会、农民运动会。1984年春节的运动会上,党支部书记李德海连拿200米田径冠军、象棋冠军、举重冠军。出奇的是观看运动会的社员也得奖品,“以资鼓励”,那是为了冲击一下“蹦蹦跳跳何不去抡镰头”的旧观念。<br />
<br />
Civilization came to Xiguan, an ancient land. Various farmer dance parties, farmer singing meetings and farmer sports meetings are often held in the park. At the Spring Festival sports game in 1984, Li Dehai, secretary of the Party branch, won the 200-meter dash, chess and weightlifting champion. Surprisingly, the members who watched the sports game also got prizes as encouragement, which was to influence the old idea of "why not swing the sickle when you are jumping".<br />
<br />
走出公园,穿过宽阔的“文化路”,绕过机声隆隆的“十大企业”,让我们再去看看西关大队的奶牛场,成群的奶牛每天挤出一桶桶的鲜奶,西关人提着暖瓶来把牛奶打回家去,代替以前的高粱糊糊。西关人在改变着食品结构,讲究吃的文化。他们讲究的不是油水,而是口味。讲氨基酸、维生素、高蛋白。母亲和妻子不必在一个锅里做两样饭,把一家人的饭食分成等级,也不必偶尔吃一顿好饭而回避着街坊邻居,因之产生“好饭不怕晚”的俚语,更不会有老观念中的“偷嘴媳妇”。村中心的西关饭庄里有高级厨师和各种山珍海味,社员在家中只要拿起电话,红彤彤的烧对虾、亮晶晶的扒海参、白生生的芙蓉干贝、香喷喷的松鼠鱼,会按时给送上门。打开精制的酒柜,你会看到精装的茅台和罐装的青岛啤酒,餐室里配置有带转盘的餐桌,上面经常摆着北京烤鸭和火锅涮海珍。<br />
<br />
Walking out of the park, crossing the wide cultural road and bypassing the Top Ten Enterprises with rumbling machines, we can see the dairy farm of Xiguan Brigade again. People in Xiguan milk groups of cows every day, and they carry thermos flasks to take the milk home to replace sorghum paste. Xiguan people are changing the food structure and paying attention to the culture of eating. What they pay attention to is not grease, but flavour. They care about amino acids, vitamins and high protein. Mother and wife don't have to cook two kinds of dishes in one pot to divide the family's meals into grades. You don't have to avoid your neighbors when eating a good meal occasionally. As a result, the slang of "good things come to those who wait" comes into being, and there will absolutely be no wife sneaking a taste of food in the old concept. There are senior chefs and various delicacies in Xiguan Restaurant in the center of Zicun Village. Members only need to pick up the phone at home, and red roasted prawns, sparkling sea cucumbers, white scallops and delicious yellow croakers will be delivered to their homes on time. If you open the refined wine cabinet, you will see Maotai with good package and canned Tsingtao Beer. The dining room is equipped with a dining table with a turntable, on which Beijing roast duck and seafood hot pot are often placed.<br />
<br />
我们不妨再看一看西关人住的文化。第一代住房是茅草屋,那也许是人类从原始的进化期就有的——木窗棂,土打墙,又低又矮,这模式一直延续到“文革”后期还屡见不鲜。第二代住房是李德海就任大队支书后由大队统一规划的砖瓦平房,一户三间,对面锅台对面炕,独门小院,也颇宽敞幽静。第三代住房是三中全会后兴建起来的。电灯电话,楼上楼下,却有别于城市里的单元公寓——每家都有个小院,建筑面积110平方米。有带晒箱的洗澡间,有瓷砖壁的厨房,有宽敞明亮的客厅和餐室。厨房里用的是煤气炉——大队有自己的煤气站。现在不必再贴灶王爷——习惯和观念都是生活造成的,改造它也靠生活本身。如今富足的西关人也有闲情厕身于艺术,把漂亮的影星请到宽敞的家里来做客,她们有张瑜、陈冲、丛 珊、刘晓庆、张金玲——当然,现在还仅限于她们的剧照,好客的主人等待着有一天 她们能从银幕上走下来,坐进他们这布满红木家具的第三代“农舍”。不,等她们到来的时候,西关人的第四代住房已经竣工,那是别墅式的小楼,它的建筑面积达200平方米,其规格、样式、造价都足以和那些“将军楼”“专员楼”媲美。而在这楼房里生活的老人们,将和国家职工一样地享受退休金,每月60元,外加“工龄补贴”。西关人的“工龄”,是从三中全会召开的1978年开始计算,这是耐人寻味的。<br />
<br />
We might as well look at the culture of the living conditions for Xiguan people again. The first generation of these residents lived in thatched cottages with wood panels and low earth wall that human beings have had this pattern since their primitive evolution period. It was widespread until the late Cultural Revolution. The second-generation housing was a brick bungalow planned by the brigade after Li Dehai took office as the branch secretary of the brigade. It had three rooms, and the kitchen was in the opposite of the heatable brick bed. It also had a small courtyard with one door, quite spacious and quiet. The third generation housing was built after the Third Plenary Session. There were lights and telephones upstairs and downstairs, which were different from the unit apartment in the city. Each family had a small courtyard with a building area of 110 square meters. There were bathrooms with a dryer, kitchens with ceramic walls, spacious and bright living rooms and dining rooms. In the kitchen was a gas stove, because the brigade had its own gas station. Now there is no need to stick the picture of the Kitchen God. Habits and ideas are caused by life, and they depend on life itself to transform them. Nowadays, wealthy Xiguan people also have free time to enjoy art. They invite beautiful movie stars, including Zhang Yu, Chen Chong, Cong Shan, Liu Xiaoqing and Zhang Jinling, to be guests in their spacious homes. Of course, these are only stage photos. Hospitable hosts are waiting for their arrival in their third generation "farmhouse" full of mahogany furniture from the screen one day. No, when they arrive, the fourth generation housing of Xiguan people had been completed. It was a villa-style small building with a building area of 200 square meters, and its specifications, styles and cost will be comparable to those of "General Building" and "Commissioner Building". The old people living in this building will enjoy pension of 60 yuan per month and wage for seniority in the same way as the national employees. It is intriguing that the seniority of Xiguan people began to be calculated in 1978 when the Third Plenary Session was held.<br />
<br />
西关人在创造着崭新的西关文化,这是和物质文明相伴而来的精神文明。他们把自己生活的地方整个儿变成了一个大花园。<br />
<br />
Xiguan people are creating a brand-new Xiguan culture, which is a spiritual civilization accompanied by material civilization. They turned the whole place where they lived into a big garden.<br />
<br />
“西关文化”的创造,不能不追溯到最初滚动起“锈蚀的车圈”的人——党支部书记李德海。当党中央在三中全会上向全党发出新的指令,许多人还在互相询问“什么？刚才喊的是什么”的时候,李德海已经迎着发令枪的啸音弹跳了出去,成 为胶东改革“鱼肚白”时的一颗启明星!他利用巩固的集体经济,一下子转入了大工业,创造了一个又一个的胶东之最——最早达到人均分配1000元,最早实现电视村,最早在村里设了电话总机,最早修起农民公园,最早办起农民中等专科学校……现代化像个活蹦乱跳的怪物,猛烈地冲击着古朴的传统!<br />
<br />
The creation of Xiguan Culture must be traced back to Li Dehai, secretary of the Party branch, who first rolled up the "rusty car circle". When the CPC Central Committee issued new instructions to the whole party at the Third Plenary Session, many people were still asking each other, "What? What are these instructions?". But Li Dehai had bounced out against the whistling sound of the starting gun and became a star of Jiaodong's new reform! Taking advantage of the consolidated collective economy, he suddenly transferred to the big business, contributing the most to Jiaodong. Jiangdong was the first village where the distribution money was 1000 yuan per person, the first to have TV, the first to set up a telephone switchboard, the first to build a farmer park, and the first to set up a farmer secondary college... Modernization is like a living monster, violently impacting the quaint tradition!<br />
<br />
李德海语录<br />
<br />
Quotations from Li Dehai<br />
<br />
——向老皇历告别<br />
<br />
—Say Goodbye to the Old Chinese Almanac<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“正其义,不谋其利。君子谋道不谋食。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Everything is done for the sake of justice and not for personal gain. A gentleman pursuits Tao rather than food."<br />
<br />
李德海对经济学家薛暮桥说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai told economist Xue Muqiao:<br />
<br />
“‘大锅饭’”与社会主义,挫伤了群众的积极性。不是‘我要干’,而是‘要我干’, 离开干部的眼就耍熊。那时候都觉着干部难当,群众不好领导,但却找不到病根。三中全会以后,群众有了干劲。为什么？这是:人叫人干人不干,政策调动一大片。<br />
<br />
"Food prepared in a large canteen and socialism have dampened the enthusiasm of the masses. It's not 'I want to do it', but 'I am asked to do it'. If they leave cadres, they will act timidly. At that time, we all felt that it was difficult to be a cadre and lead the masses, but we could not find the answer. After the Third Plenary Session, the masses are active. Why? The conclusion is: people are reluctant when they are asked by other people, but policies can mobilize a large number of them."<br />
<br />
“从分配制度上我们是自负盈亏,应当说这是个好饭碗,但不是铁的,不好好干,碗里就没有东西,干得好,收入还不少于国家干部。所以,我们的生产积极性和服务态度可以比国营企业好。再一个,我们‘船小掉头快’,办事自己说了算。官不论大小,说了算就好。不用‘商议商议’‘研究研究’,搞公文旅行。有了这两条,再好好地研究市场,研究消费者需要什么,拾漏补缺,发挥自己的优势……”<br />
<br />
"From the distribution system, we are responsible for our own profits and losses. It should be said that this is a good rice bowl, but it is not an iron one. If we don't do well, there will be nothing in the bowl. If we do well, our income will not be less than that of national cadres. Therefore, our production enthusiasm and service attitude can be better than those of state-owned enterprises. Besides, we "turn around quickly because our ship is small", so we have the final say when dealing with things. It’s good for officials, big or small, to have the final say. We don’t have to ‘negotiate’ or ’study’ with others, leading to tedious and time-consuming process of files and documents. With these two advantages, we will further study the market well, study what consumers need, find out our mistakes, make up for them, and give full play to our own advantages..."<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“知识分子是臭老九……”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Intellectuals are Stinking Old Ninth (ten "castes" of Chinese: bureaucrats, officials, Buddhist monks, Taoist priests, physicians, workers, hunters, prostitutes, (ninth) Confucian scholars and finally beggars)..."<br />
<br />
李德海对某组织部长说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai said to an organization minister:<br />
<br />
“诸葛亮活了56岁,就是不能用人,一个人干,累死了。用兵就是用人,企业管理的核心就是管人,所以我的责任就是管人。管好这个生产力的‘最关键因素’。……官僚主义不爱惜人才,他需要奴才!经营一个企业,必须能拿到利润。靠拼体力,顶多能使利润慢慢地增长,而人才是‘核反应堆’,使利润成倍增长。<br />
<br />
"Zhuge Liang lived 56 years old, but he didn’t know how to find others’ potential, so he was tired to death. To use military forces is to employ talented people, and the core of enterprise management is to manage people, so my responsibility is to manage people. Managing this "most critical factor" in production... Bureaucracy doesn't care for talents, but needs sycophants! To run a business, you must be able to get profits. With labour, profits can grow slowly at best, while talents are "nuclear reactors", which can multiply profits.<br />
<br />
“管好人首先要责任明确。这要有两条保证:政治权力务实,经济利益直接。共产主义时代人们以最高的觉悟代替责任制,到那时应干的,没人不让干,有人不让干,我也要干,不应该给的没人给,有人给我也不要。这就是共产主义觉悟。过去的政治工作,整天翻档案,现在的政治工作,要转向为经济工作服务……<br />
<br />
"Managing people well must first require clear responsibilities. There are two guarantees: exercising political rights well and controlling one’s own benefits. In the Communist era, people replaced the responsibility system with the highest awareness. At that time, no one will refuse to do what should be done; I will still do what should be done even if I am not allowed to do it; no one will give what should not be given, and I will not receive it even if others give what should not be given to me. This is communist awareness. In the past, political work included turning over archives all day, but now political work should help to improve the economy... "<br />
<br />
“礼治君子,法治小人,棒子治驴。前两句是孔子的,后一句是我的。”<br />
<br />
"Courtesy governs the gentleman; law deals with the villain; sticks frighten donkey. The first two sentences are from Confucius and the latter sentence is from me."<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“新三年,旧三年,缝缝补补又三年。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "When you buy something to use, it is new for you in 3 years. Then it will become old in next 3 years. At last, it needs to be repaired to use in the last 3 years."<br />
<br />
李德海对新华社社长穆青说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai told Mu Qing, Xinhua News Agency President:<br />
<br />
“我不带头存款,我带头消费。消费可以刺激生产。低标准,低消费,自满自足的生活方式是小生产观念的反映。简朴是一种美德,但简朴不等于安贫。艰苦朴素是我们的传统,但不是我们追求的目的。西关大队要有300万存款就不好领导了,坐着吃利息,导致社会经济瘫痪。猪肥了不动弹。生产,分配,流通,消费,是商品的总体过程,高分配必须伴随着高消费。外国人能享受的,我们中国人到时候也能享受!我们规定:凡购买十四寸彩电者,每台补贴300元;凡购买电冰箱、电风扇、录音机、洗衣机者,每年补贴零售价的25% ;凡购买新式家具者,每件补贴购进价的10%,鼓励消费。现在全村彩电和新式家具已达到100%。"<br />
<br />
"I don't take the lead in saving money, but I take the lead in spending. Consumption can stimulate production. The lifestyle of low standard, low consumption and complacency is the reflection of the concept of small production. Simplicity is a virtue, but simplicity does not mean poverty. Hard work and plain living are our tradition, but they are not our goal. If Xiguan Brigade has a deposit of 3 million yuan, it will be difficult to lead, because people in this brigade will sit down and enjoy interest, leading to social and economic paralysis. Pigs don't move when they are fat. Production, distribution, circulation and consumption are the overall process of commodities, and high distribution must be accompanied by high consumption. What foreigners can enjoy, we Chinese can enjoy it then! Our policies are that those who buy 14-inch color TV sets will be subsidized by 300 yuan per TV; Those who buy refrigerators, electric fans, tape recorders and washing machines are subsidized by 25% of the retail price every year; For those who buy new furniture, 10% of the buying price is subsidized for each piece to encourage consumption. Now everyone has color TV sets and new furniture in the village. "<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“当一天和尚撞一天钟。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Go on tolling the bell as long as one is a monk."<br />
<br />
李德海对剧作家漠雁说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai said to Mo Yan, a playwright:<br />
<br />
“我一辈子欠两个人的情,一个是我母亲的情,一个是共产党的情。我们共产党人要干一天打算一辈子。作为一个共产党员,你那个单位搞不好,就起到了反对党的作用,因为你导致了群众对党的不满。我们是共产党人,我们要维护共产党的事业,共产党的事业要令人向往!是真拥护党的路线,还是假拥护党的路线,检验的标准是实践,你能为党办成一点事也好！如果我们每个共产党人都在中华民族历史上做出一点点贡献的话,共产主义的到来就会大大加快！生当作人杰,死亦为鬼雄,君子持德不图其报,我们这些人都是为党死而后已的人,个人有什么呢?”<br />
<br />
"I owe two people in my life. One is my mother and the other is the Communist Party. We Communists have to plan our whole life for one day. As a Communist Party member, if your department is not good, it means the Party is prevented from development, because you have caused the masses to be dissatisfied with the Party. We are Communists, so we should safeguard the cause of the Communist Party, which should be desirable! The standard of test is practice, checking whether you really support the party's line or not. And it is good that you can accomplish something for the party! If each of us communists makes a little contribution in the history of the Chinese nation, the arrival of communism will be greatly accelerated! Be man of men while you're alive, and soul of souls if you're dead. A gentleman with virtue doesn’t ask for rewards. We are all people who can die for the party. Does it matter for only a person?"<br />
<br />
老皇历说:“知足常乐,安贫乐道。”<br />
<br />
The old Chinese almanac said: "Be content with your current situation and a simple but virtuous life."<br />
<br />
李德海对笔者说:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai said to the author:<br />
<br />
“我喜欢和文艺界的人交往,一是你们说的话不为准,二是能开阔我的眼界。<br />
<br />
"I like to associate with people in the literary and art circles. First, what you say does not need to be exact. Second, but you can broaden my horizons."<br />
<br />
“历史上改革者都没有好下场。商鞅变革被五马分尸,王安石变法掉了乌纱帽。大将不怕阵前亡,有心当改革者就不怕掉脑袋！对改革的两种看法,过去有, 现在有,将来也有！长六指的人本来是怪异,突然割了去也觉得像少了什么。改革者的前提是爱国主义精神。爱国主义精神是最大的精神文明。国家如有难,汝当做先锋。共产党人为改革敢于去攻碉堡,敢于捐躯铺路。我说应该给改革者立功, 评一级英雄！<br />
<br />
"Reformers have never come to a good end in history. Shang Yang was dismembered because of his reform, and Wang Anshi lost his job because of the New Policies. A general is not afraid of dying in the battle, and if one wants to be a reformer, he is not afraid of losing his life! There are two views on reform in the past, now and in the future! People with six fingers were originally weird, and suddenly they felt like something was missing when a finger was cut off. The premise of reformers is patriotism. Patriotism is the greatest spiritual civilization. If your country is in trouble, you should be a pioneer. Communists dare to attack bunkers and die for reform. I think that we should make meritorious deeds to reformers and evaluate first- level heroes!"<br />
<br />
“改革也不是一朝一夕的事情。国营企业没松绑那时候,我们是活人和死人打仗,那还没有个赢?现在一松绑,有些人还麻木不仁,真正想干点事的人,现在就该加快步伐整顿。<br />
<br />
"Reform cannot be completed in a matter of days. At that time, when power was not devolved to the state-owned enterprises, we were fighting with the dead, so will we lose? Now that state-owned companies have power, some people are still insensitive. Those who really want to do something should speed up the pace of rectification now."<br />
<br />
“做什么事情不能有把握了再干,有个五六成就动手啊,说不定一干就干成了。 万无一失、手拿把攥的方案是没有的,按部就班,那不叫改革！<br />
<br />
"We can’t do something after we are sure about it. When the possibility of success is beyond 50%, we can embark on reforms and maybe we will be successful. There is no plan to be foolproof. Sticking to the rules is not reform!"<br />
<br />
“你们写文章要实事求是,不要把改革者写成神。只要写出改革者的苦衷,写出他们为什么要这么做,就行了！让外面知道中国农民是有血性、有志气、有刚火、有才干的,是能够夸耀于整个人类的！”<br />
<br />
"You should seek truth from facts when writing articles, and don't regard reformers as gods. Just write down the difficulties of reformers and why they did it! Let the outside know that Chinese farmers are enthusiastic, upright, ambitious, competent and talented, and can be praised among the whole mankind!"<br />
<br />
黄昏中的曲线<br />
<br />
Curvy Figures in the Dusk<br />
<br />
——向封建礼教告别<br />
<br />
—Say goodbye to Feudal Ethics<br />
<br />
一个小小的村子,一下拿出20万元,建起两个露天游泳池,在全国也许是第 一家。<br />
<br />
A small village spent 200,000 yuan at a time on two outdoor swimming pools, which may be the first one in China.<br />
<br />
西关游泳池开放那天,正逢我在他们大队采访,那是7月16日,头一天,李德 海到游泳池边巡视一圈,觉得这里少了点什么,当即把大修厂厂长和玩具厂的厂长叫了来:<br />
<br />
On the opening day of Xiguan Swimming Pool, I was interviewing their brigade. It was July 16. Before the day, Li Dehai visited the swimming pool and felt that there was something missing here. He immediately called the director of a garage and a toy factory:<br />
<br />
“搞两个跳水台,两个更衣室,要符合规格,美观大方,明天早晨我来看！”<br />
<br />
"Build two diving platforms and two locker rooms, which should meet the specifications and be beautiful and tasteful. I will come to see them tomorrow morning!"<br />
<br />
两位厂长不敢怠慢,连夜带领工人铆、焊、锯、接,第二天来参加剪彩仪式的人们瞠目结舌,游泳池端神话般地立起两个高高的跳水台,那是足以和“奥运会”赛场上的跳水台媲美的,另外还有两个小别墅式的浅绿色的更衣室。<br />
<br />
The two factory directors did not dare to neglect, so they led the workers to do their jobs, welding and sawing overnight. The people who came to attend the ribbon-cutting ceremony the next day were stunned. Erected at the end of the swimming pool surprisingly were two high diving platforms, which were comparable to the diving platforms in the Olympic Games. There were also two small villa-style light green locker rooms.<br />
<br />
姑娘们不好意思走近游泳池跟前,用正眼去看那些裸露着肌肤的小伙子们,但新生活的浪花毕竟有巨大的吸引力,小伙子们在池中的每一声拍击都回荡着文明的呼唤。<br />
<br />
Girls were embarrassed to approach the swimming pool and look at the bare-skinned boys, but after all, the waves of new life had great attraction, and every slap of the boys in the pool echoed the call of civilization.<br />
<br />
于是,有两位姑娘挺身而出,在黄昏时起程,开始了向文明的过渡——她们带着羞颜租了游泳衣和救生圈,在晚霞中显露出自己优美的曲线——世界突然发现了她们,她们解下了束在身上的封建礼教,勇敢地向水中跳去,让肌肤贴着新生活的潮流。<br />
<br />
So, two girls stepped forward and set out at dusk to the transition of civilization. They rented swimming suits and lifebuoys with shame, and showed their beautiful curves in the sunset. The world suddenly found them. They took off the feudal ethics tied around their bodies and bravely jumped into the water, letting their skin feel the trend of new life.<br />
<br />
不幸的是,像任何的开拓和探索,都会遇到风浪和波折,一位姑娘不慎将救生圈脱手,这里的水深是2米至4米,她陷于“灭顶之灾”。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, like any development and exploration, there will be storms and difficulties in the process. A girl didn’t seize her lifebuoy accidentally. The water depth here was 2 meters to 4 meters, and she was in danger.<br />
<br />
她的伙伴拼命为她呼喊:“快来救命呀!”<br />
<br />
Her partner shouted desperately for her: "Help!"<br />
<br />
在隔壁池里游泳的小伙子们,开始以为是一个玩笑,当发现是事实时,他们比任何时候都更踊跃,争先恐后地游上前来扶腰、托腿、拉臂、抱头……<br />
<br />
The boys swimming in the next pool began to think it was a joke. When it was found to be true, they were more active than ever, scrambling to swim forward to grab her waist, support her legs, pull her arms and hold her heads...<br />
<br />
两个姑娘回到了更衣室。<br />
<br />
The two girls returned to the dressing room.<br />
<br />
功勋卓绝的小伙子们都不想离去,刚才忙于救护,没有看清两个“开拓者”的芳颜,他们静静地守候在更衣室的门口,像等待着女皇加冕仪式……<br />
<br />
Boys helping a lot didn't want to leave. They just got busy with rescue, so they didn't see the two "pioneers" clearly. They waited quietly at the door of the locker room, like waiting for the coronation ceremony of the Queen...<br />
<br />
撕去封建礼教的遮布,他们也忽然发现了自己的姐妹,发现了美的曲线!<br />
<br />
Tearing off the cloth of feudal ethics, they suddenly discovered their sisters and the curve of beauty!<br />
<br />
但是,使他们大为失望的是,两位姑娘不愿以失败者的面目出现在异性面 前——从后门悄悄离去了!<br />
<br />
However, to their great disappointment, the two girls did not want to appear in front of the opposite sex as losers, so they quietly left through the back door!<br />
<br />
游泳池小小的涟漪冲击进西关大队办公室,有人把它传为险情,有人把它当作逸闻,胆子大的人们对李德海进谏:<br />
<br />
The small ripples in the swimming pool spread across the office of Xiguan Brigade. Some people regarded it as a danger, others regarded it as an anecdote. Some courageous people advised Li Dehai:<br />
<br />
“你修那个游泳池太深了,穆铁柱下去也不露头!”<br />
<br />
"That swimming pool you have built is too deep, and Mu Tiezhu (he is more than 2 memters) can be drowned when he went down!"<br />
<br />
“外国说儿童游泳对身体有好处,咱的池子那么深,儿童更下不去！”<br />
<br />
"Foreign countries say that swimming for children is good for their health. Our pool is so deep that children can't get down!"<br />
<br />
李德海没有回答,久久地沉默着。猛然,他拿起电话:<br />
<br />
Li Dehai did not answer and remained silent for a long time. Suddenly, he picked up the phone:<br />
<br />
“给我接建筑队……许经理吗?你来一下。”<br />
<br />
"Call the construction team... Manager Xu? Come here."<br />
<br />
李德海把建筑队的经理领到游泳池边,用手一指:“在这里再挖一个游泳池,一米五深。3天以内把土方挖完,5天砌好!”<br />
<br />
Li Dehai led the manager of the construction team to the swimming pool and pointed with his finger: "Dig another swimming pool here with the depth of 1.5 meters. Dig the earthwork within 3 days and build it in 5 days!"<br />
<br />
推土机隆隆地开上了那块古老的土地,要为姐妹们开辟ー个文明的渡口……<br />
<br />
Bulldozers rumbled on the ancient land to open up civilized ferry crossings for sisters...<br />
<br />
不久,新游泳池建成,姐妹们不必再用黄昏和暮色遮掩你们的曲线,在正午的阳光下走来吧,如果你们愿意,也不妨穿上比基尼泳装,新文明的春光属于你们的父兄,当然也属于你们!<br />
<br />
Soon, the new swimming pool was built. Sisters, you don't have to cover your curves with dusk and twilight. Come in the midday sun. If you like, you may as well wear bikinis. The spring of new civilization belongs to your father and brother, and of course it belongs to you!<br />
<br />
文明大厦的崛起<br />
<br />
The Rise of Civilization Building<br />
<br />
——向愚昧告别<br />
<br />
—Say goodbye to Ignorance<br />
<br />
李德海在西关创办了全中国第一座农民中专。<br />
<br />
Li Dehai founded the first farmers’ technical secondary school in Xiguan.<br />
<br />
西关农民中专设有乡镇商业和乡镇企业机械制造两个专业,今年首批招生 100名,也就是说,以后每年都将有100个“孙智坤”跨进这个全国第一个由农村生产队兴办的中等专科学校。<br />
<br />
Xiguan Farmers' Technical Secondary School has two majors: township commerce and township enterprise machinery manufacturing. This year, 100 students were enrolled first, that is to say, every year, 100 "Sun Zhikun" will step into the first secondary school set up by rural production teams in China.<br />
<br />
这所学校投资55万元,对于一个农村生产队,是一笔不小的数目。如今,这所文明的大厦已经矗立在宁海湖边。李德海兼任这所农民中专的校长,聘请山东经济学院院长张文杰为名誉校长,并聘请了13名大专毕业的教师。招生对象是高中毕业或具有同等学力的农村青年,参加全省农民中专统一招生考试。学制两年。学习期满、考试合格者,学校发给毕业证书。愿留西关村工作者,经半年实习录用,享受中专毕业生待遇,上学期间学费由西关村退给本人,并每月追发补贴30元。<br />
<br />
This school has invested 550,000 yuan, which is not a small amount of money for a rural production team. Today, this civilization building has stood by Ninghai Lake. Li Dehai is also the principal of this farmer technical secondary school, and Zhang Wenjie, president of Shandong Institute of Economics, is invited as honorary principal. 13 college graduates are hired. Prospective students are rural youth who graduated from high school or have the same educational level, who can participate in the entrance examination of farmers' technical secondary schools in the whole province. The length of schooling is two years. The school will issue graduation certificates to those who pass the examination after the completion of their studies. Workers who are willing to stay in Xiguan Village enjoy the treatment like technical secondary school graduates after half a year's internship. Tuition fees will be refunded to them by Xiguan Village during school, and 30 yuan will be subsidized every month.<br />
<br />
兴办这所中专的深远意义还在于从知识结构上改造农民队伍,由“体力型”转向“智力型”,使之适应现代化的需要,李德海已经看到,仅靠业余教育已远远不够,靠招聘也非长远之计。<br />
<br />
The far-reaching significance of setting up this technical secondary school lies in transforming the farmer’s team from "physical strength" to "intelligence" in terms of knowledge structure, so as to meet the needs of modernization. Li Dehai has seen that amateur education alone is far from enough, and recruitment is not a long-term solution.<br />
<br />
这里要提一笔的是,李德海的招贤纳士在胶东是闻名的。这里没有门户之见, 招聘来的人可以当厂长,当经理,拿西关最高工薪。在1000多名外来人中,人才济济、藏龙卧虎。他们中有会四种外语的经济专家、有机械行业闻名的工程师、有部队离休的团政治委员、有黄埔军校的军医、有“余热发电”的退休教师、有劳改释放的技术员、有李宗仁主持过婚礼的“右派厂长”、有走投无路想跳水库的技术科长、有备受打击的会计师、有逃婚在外的少女、有被哥嫂打出来的孤儿……<br />
<br />
It should be mentioned here that Li Dehai is famous for recruiting talents in Jiaodong. There is no bias against diploma here. The recruits can be factory directors and managers to get the highest salary in Xiguan. Among more than 1,000 outsiders, there are many talented people and undiscovered talents. Among them are economists who can speak four foreign languages, famous engineers in the machinery industry, retired political commissars of the regiment, military doctors of Republic of China Military Academy, retired teachers who still would like to make contributions in spare time, technicians released after the reform through labor, "right-wing factory director" who had a wedding presided by Li Zongren, technical section chief who had no way out to jump into the reservoir, accountants who have been lashed out, girls who have escaped from marriage, and orphans who have been beaten by their brothers and sisters...<br />
<br />
这些人在西关都找到了自己的位置,成为一个有用的人,为西关的起飞做出了贡献!<br />
<br />
These people have found their own position in Xiguan, become available to the society, and made contributions to the take-off of Xiguan!<br />
<br />
愚昧,不仅在于没有文化,更在于对文化的轻视和践踏!<br />
<br />
Ignorance lies not only in lack of culture, but also in contempt for and trampling on culture!<br />
<br />
随着党风的改进和企业的竞争,这些人才的社会来源将越来越少,西关应有自己的文化大厦,从里面走出自己的厂长、工程师、会计师、技术员。<br />
<br />
With the improvement of the Party's work style and the competition of enterprises, social sources of these talents will become less and less. Xiguan should have its own cultural building, from which its own factory directors, engineers, accountants and technicians will be nurtured.<br />
<br />
这就是1984年春天,在病中的李德海为什么急切地把厂长们叫到床前,分派木材厂做桌椅板凳和床铺,分派商场配备炊事用具、教学用具,分派总务主任置办办公设备。而有关人才的选聘,都是李德海亲顾茅庐。<br />
<br />
This is why in the spring of 1984, Li Dehai, who was ill, eagerly called the factory directors to the bed, assigned the timber factory to make tables, chairs, stool and beds, assigned the shopping mall to be equipped with cooking utensils and teaching utensils, and assigned the general affairs director to buy office equipment. And the selection and employment of talents are all managed by Li Dehai.<br />
<br />
有一天,烟台职业教育局一位处长向李德海传信,本县西留格庄联中有一位哈尔滨商校毕业的民办教师。李德海立时从炕上爬起——学校正缺商业专科教师, 他拉上县教育局的离休干部曲维涛登上吉普车。<br />
<br />
One day, a director of Yantai Vocational Education Bureau sent a message to Li Dehai, saying that there was an uncertified teacher who graduated from Harbin Commercial College in Liugezhuang Union Middle School of the western county. Li Dehai immediately climbed up from the heatable brick bed, because the school was short of business college teachers. He asked Qu Weitao, a retired cadre of the county education bureau, and boarded the jeep.<br />
<br />
天已中午,他连午饭也顾不上吃,滴着虚汗,操纵着方向盘,像一个往前方抢运弹药的火线驾驶员。<br />
<br />
It was already noon, but he can't even attend the lunch. Dripping with sweat, steering the steering wheel, he was like a driver rushing forward to transport ammunition.<br />
<br />
汽车径直开到那位教师的家门前,那位教师不知发生了什么事情,因为从来没 有坐吉普车的人来找过他。<br />
<br />
The jeep drove straight to the teacher's door. He didn’t know what happened, because no one in the jeep had ever come to him.<br />
<br />
“孔老师,我是来求贤的！”李德海进门第一句话这样说。<br />
<br />
"Mr. Kong, I'm here to seek talents!" Li Dehai said in the first sentence when he entered the house.<br />
<br />
这位被岁月夺走了青春的民办教师名叫孔庆埠,1957年商校毕业后,几十年来,他的专业一直没有得以应用。<br />
<br />
This uncertified teacher, who was not in his prime, was named Kong Qingbu. After graduating from business school in 1957, he has not applied his expertise for decades.<br />
<br />
“你在商校都学过一些什么课程?……西关中专准备设商业班,你愿不愿意应聘?”<br />
<br />
"What courses have you studied in business schools?... We are preparing to set up a business class in Xiguan Technical Secondary School. Are you willing to join us?"<br />
<br />
“二十多年了,学过的东西都忘了。有些知识也老化了。”<br />
<br />
"It has been over twenty years, so I have forgotten what I have learned. Some knowledge is not new."<br />
<br />
“忘了可以复习,比没有学过要强。去了以后可以边干边学,教学空闲到别的学校走一走,自己深造!”<br />
<br />
"You can review it even if you forget it, and forgetting knowledge is better than not learning. After you come to our school, you can learn knowledge while working, take a walk in other schools when you are free to pursue advanced studies!"<br />
<br />
这个被遗忘在穷山沟里20多年的商校毕业生,做梦也没想到自己的专业还会再有用武之地。他的结发妻子和3个孩子在一边眼巴巴地看着他。<br />
<br />
This business school graduate, who has been forgotten in the poor ravine for more than 20 years, never dreamed that his major would be useful again. His wife and three children watched him eagerly.<br />
<br />
“如果西关需要,李书记你瞧得起,我去！只是不知学校和乡里同意不同意。”<br />
<br />
"If Xiguan needs me and you think highly of me, I'll go! I just don't know if the school and the township agree or not."<br />
<br />
“由我来办!”<br />
<br />
"I'll do it!"<br />
<br />
李德海又登上吉普车,奔学校,奔乡政府去通融。这样一桩复杂的“人事”,从出车到事情定盘,总共用了40分钟的时间。3天以后,孔庆埠已经成了李德海家里的座上客了！<br />
<br />
Li Dehai boarded the jeep again, ran to the school and the township government to bend the rules. Such a complicated thing took a total of 40 minutes from getting out of the car to making a deal. Three days later, Kong Qingbu has become a guest at Li Dehai's home!<br />
<br />
第八章故乡的足音<br />
<br />
Chapter 8 Sound of Footsteps in Hometown<br />
<br />
1984年阴历大年初一,宁海镇举行了有史以来的第一次农民队伍的检阅。<br />
<br />
On the Chinses New Year's Day in 1984, Ninghai Town held the first ever inspection of farmers’ teams.<br />
<br />
迎着早春的霞光,壮阔的万人长队穿过古老而年轻的镇街。<br />
<br />
Facing the glow of early spring, 10,000 people queuing passed through the ancient and young town streets, which was magnificent.<br />
<br />
走在最前面的方队,是宁海镇的农民仪仗队,由120名乡镇企业的男女青年组 成,身穿一色的将军呢制服,戴着白手套,他们高举着彩旗,吹奏着军乐。他们吹奏“国歌”,吹奏“镇歌”——<br />
<br />
The front formation was the honor guard of farmers in Ninghai Town, which was composed of 120 young men and women wearing the same color of general uniforms and white gloves from township enterprises. They held high colorful flags and played military music. They played the national anthem and the town song—<br />
<br />
前进,英雄的宁海人民,<br />
<br />
Forward, heroic Ninghai people,<br />
<br />
党的路线指引着我们向新的时代进军!<br />
<br />
the Party's line guides us to March into a new era!<br />
<br />
我们顶天立地,<br />
<br />
We are indomitable spirit,<br />
<br />
倒悬沧海,<br />
<br />
hanging upside down in the sea,<br />
<br />
吞吐乾坤,<br />
<br />
inhaling and exhaling between heaven and earth,<br />
<br />
敢当历史的巨人。<br />
<br />
and becoming a giant of history.<br />
<br />
勇于开拓,<br />
<br />
Be brave in pioneering,<br />
<br />
万众一心,<br />
<br />
Unite as one,<br />
<br />
向着光辉灿烂的目标,<br />
<br />
Towards a brilliant goal,<br />
<br />
前进,前进,再前进!<br />
<br />
Forward, forward, forward again!<br />
<br />
写着2000年的巨大的火车头开过来了（里面罩着汽车）!它喷吐着浓烟,拉着汽笛;它运行的节奏,震撼着大地,它象征着历史的列车飞速奔驰。<br />
<br />
The huge locomotive with the words 2000 was coming (cars were in it)! It spewed smoke and pulled the whistle; The rhythm of its operation shook the earth. It symbolized that history was developing fast like a zooming train.<br />
<br />
紧跟在后面的,是西关大队。“大黄河”上载着男女社员装扮的“八仙过海”。连续3年人均分配千元的西关人,意气风发地跟在1984年夺得700万纯利润的彩牌车后。他们无愧于是胶东改革的火车头!<br />
<br />
Closely followed was Xiguan Brigade. In the "Great Yellow River" were "eight immortals" dressed up by male and female members. Xiguan people, who have been allocated 1,000 yuan per capita for three consecutive years, exuberantly followed the colorful car with a net profit of 7 million yuan in 1984. They are worthy of being the locomotive of reform in Jiaodong!<br />
<br />
最先和西关争雄的新牟人追上来了! 20辆幸福摩托车在前面开路,像欢迎某国的总统。气势磅礴的“大解放”车队,分别装有“龙凤呈祥”和大队出产的各种工业品的模型转塔。比这更夺目的是他们打出了在新的一年要实现人均分配2000元的彩牌!站在街两旁“吃国库粮”的观众无不为之瞠目结舌。<br />
<br />
The first to compete with Xiguan was Xinmou people who have caught up! 20 Xingfu motorcycles opened the way in front, like welcoming the president of a certain country. The magnificent "Great Liberation" motorcade was equipped with model turrets of "prosperity brought by the dragon and the phoenix" and various products produced by the brigade. What was more striking than this was that they have printed the color card of 2000 yuan per capita in the new year! The audience who had urban household registration standing on both sides of the street was stunned.<br />
<br />
东油坊的方队、王家疃的方队、王贺庄的方队、孔家疃的方队、文化里的方队……一个方队,一排奔腾的浪涛！<br />
<br />
Dongyoufang's formation, Wang village's formation, Wanghezhuang's formation, Kong village's formation, Wenhuali's square team... a formation was like rushing waves!<br />
<br />
——这是真正的男子汉的方队！队伍里集合了不同年龄、不同气质的应稼汉, 他们穿上了一色的“料子服”。那是饱经风霜,像油画《父亲》ー样的面孔,那是涂着古铜色的油彩,像黄河船夫一样的面孔,那是有着目光像铁块一样坚定的面孔, 那是有着额角像大理石一样平展的面孔。无数流逝的岁月在他们的手上磨起了老茧,崎岖的路程膨胀了他们腿上的筋脉。作为共和国大厦的地基,他们嶙峋的肩架上曾背起过大庆的井架,他们的手腕曾擎起过联合国大厦上的五星红旗!今天他们用新的智慧充实了自己的大脑,用新的物质延长了自己的手臂,在这片古老的大地上开动了马达,建筑起大厦,奏响了仙乐,浇灌出鲜花,创建了法则,塑造了时代! 他们扬起男子汉的头颅,那是成熟了的思想果实,历尽了人间的雨雪风霜;他们的双脚是锋利的耧角,在时代的沟垄里插下希望和奇迹——为了使每一个母亲不再为生活垂泪,为使每一个妻子不再为辛劳早衰,为了使每一个女儿不再出卖美丽的发辫,为了使每一个童心的幻想不遭受摧残……<br />
<br />
This was the real man's formation! Wearing the same color of woolen uniform, farmers of different ages and temperament gathered in the team. It was a weather-beaten face like the oil painting "Father", a face painted with bronze, a face like the Yellow River boatman, a face with firm eyes like iron blocks, and a face with flat forehead like marble. Calluses on their hands were caused by past years, and tendons on their legs were expanded because of the rugged journey. As the foundation of the Republic Building, they once carried the derrick of Daqing on their bony shoulders, and their wrists once held the five-star red flag on the United Nations Building! Today, they enrich their brains with new wisdom, extend their arms with new materials, start motors, build buildings, play beautiful music, water flowers, create laws and shape the times in this ancient land! They raise the head of a man, which is the fruit of mature thought and has experienced the rain, snow, wind and frost on earth. Their feet are sharp farming tools, growing hopes and miracles in the furrows and ridges of the times. Because they don’t want to make every mother stop crying for life, make every wife stop aging prematurely for hard work, make every daughter stop selling beautiful braids, and make every childlike fantasy not destroyed...<br />
<br />
——这是以贤良、勤劳闻名的胶东妇女方队！她们步履整齐,也和男子汉们一样,穿上了一色的呢料服装,她们舍弃了那打着补丁的衣服和打着补丁的日子。她们来自窄窄的磨道,来自低矮的灶台,来自茂密而炎热的青纱帐,来自古老小河边的棒槌石。她们集合在时代的旗帜下,脚上不再像祖母和母亲那样裹着缠足布,脸上不像昨日那样带有菜色。男子汉们不会忘记你们,你们用自己的忍饥受饿支撑了贫穷的日子,你们用工巧的针线缝补了艰涩的岁月。胃袋里的瓜蔓、树皮曾早谢了你们的青春,寒冷的秋霜冬雪染白了你们的鬓发！是你们把辛勤养育的儿子和兄弟送给人民军队,让他们用胸膛守卫国疆。为了每ー个父亲、丈夫、儿子都能体面地活在世上,你们把自己的生命变成燃烧的烛光。而今你们挺起了丰满的身躯, 衣襟在行进中旗帜一样飘起,像走向丰收的田野,去收获稻谷,去收获商品,收获汽笛一样欢乐的笑声和锻锤一样凝重的尊严,补偿那歉收的年景……<br />
<br />
This was the formation of Jiaodong women, who were famous for their virtue and diligence! They walked neatly and wore the same color of woolen clothes as men. They gave up the patched clothes and bad days. They come from narrow mill roads, low stoves, thick and hot green fields, and sticks used to pound clothes in washing by ancient rivers. They gather under the banner of the times, and their feet are no longer wrapped in foot-binding cloth like their grandmother and mother, and their faces were not that pale as they were yesterday. Men will never forget you. You have experienced the poor days by suffering from hunger, and you have sewed up the difficult years with skillful needles and threads. The vines and bark in the stomach were in your youth, and the cold autumn frost and winter snow have dyed your sideburns white! It was you who gave your hard-raised sons and brothers to the people's army and asked them to guard the country with their chests. To make every father, husband and son live decently in the world, you turned your life into a burning candlelight. Now you have stood up your plump bod with your skirts floating like flags while marching, like heading for a bumper harvest field to harvest rice, goods, joyful laughter like whistles and dignity like forging hammers, and compensating for the poor harvest year...<br />
<br />
游行队伍里有歌声的舒展,舞姿的奔放,雄狮的跳跃,长龙的奔腾,这是从历史深处走出来的土地的灵魂！<br />
<br />
In the parade, there were relaxing songs, enthusiastic dance, jumping lions and rushing dragons, which were the soul of the land coming out from the depths of history!<br />
<br />
沸腾的宁海镇！激动的宁海镇！<br />
<br />
Ninghai Town with a cacophony of voices! Excited Ninghai Town!<br />
<br />
这队伍像解冻的冰川,你可以听到冰块向前流动的互相撞击声;这队伍是流淌的岩浆,你可以感受到那炙烤肌肤的热风,它冲决了凝固了几千年的传统,一直向前、向前,什么力量也不能把它阻挡！<br />
<br />
This team was like a thawed glacier, and you can hear the sound of ice flowing forward and hitting each other. This team was flowing magma, and you can feel the hot air blowing your skin. It broke the rooted tradition that had been for thousands of years, kept moving forward, and no force can stop it!<br />
<br />
这支按共产党人的构思组合起来的队伍,不再是黄巢的散兵,不再是李自成的败伍,他们是新时期的胶东子弟兵纵队,集合在镰刀、斧头的旗帜下,走进了伟大的中国改革史诗之页,冲撞着21世纪的横线……<br />
<br />
This team combined according to the idea of the communists is no longer Huang Chao’s stragglers and disbanded soldiers or Li Zicheng’s defeated soilders. They are the Jiaodong’s military columns in the new era, who gather under the banner of sickle and axe and are written on the page of the great Chinese reform epic, breaching the barrier of the 21st century...<br />
<br />
（原载《解放军文艺》1985年第5期）<br />
<br />
(Originally published in the People's Liberation Army Literature and Art, Issue 5, 1985)<br />
<br />
==卷二：3.理论狂人 Volume 2: 3.Theory Fanatic==<br />
<br />
理论狂人<br />
<br />
Theory Fanatic<br />
<br />
——献给一位无名经济理论家<br />
<br />
—To a Unsung Economic Theorist<br />
<br />
陈祖芬<br />
<br />
Chen Zufen<br />
<br />
这里就是罗陀斯,就在这里跳跃吧!<br />
<br />
Hic Rhodus, hic salta! <br />
<br />
这里就有玫瑰花,就在这里跳舞吧!<br />
<br />
Here is the rose, here dance! <br />
<br />
——马克思<br />
<br />
—Karl Marx<br />
<br />
夏时制与变革的强制性<br />
<br />
Mandatory for Daylight Saving Time and Reform<br />
<br />
“从北京开往西安的35次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间8点06分。<br />
<br />
"The No.35 train from Beijing to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 8:06."<br />
<br />
“从成都开往西安的238次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间9点12分。<br />
<br />
"The No.238 train from Chengdu to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 9:12."<br />
<br />
“从太原开往西安的425次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间9点52分。<br />
<br />
"The No.425 train from Taiyuan to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 9:52."<br />
<br />
“从上海开往乌鲁木齐的53次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间11点16分。<br />
<br />
"The No.53 train from Shanghai to Urumqi has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 11:16."<br />
<br />
“从广州开往西安的273次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间12点56分。<br />
<br />
"The No.273 train from Guangzhou to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 12:56."<br />
<br />
“从郑州开往西安的4次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间4点14分。”<br />
<br />
"The No.4 trains from Zhengzhou to Xi'an have arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 4:14."<br />
<br />
每次播音员的话音一落,列车里便站起一个个激动不安、迫不及待的记者和学者。1986年5月,从四面八方开往西安的列车和飞机上,突然冒出了这么多“心动过速”的人们——他们的心,早就超越了火车和飞机的速度到达了西安。《人民日报》的记者心急火燎地从北京开着皇冠车,星夜兼程地驰向古都西安。《羊城晚报》的记者,一听说我国20世纪以来发掘的最大的墓葬揭椁开棺,跳上小车去赶广州开往西安的飞机。<br />
<br />
Every time when the announcer finished his words, excited journalists and scholars can’t wait to stand up in the train. In May 1986, on the trains and planes heading for Xi'an from all directions, so many people with "tachycardia" suddenly appeared—their hearts had already surpassed the speed of trains and planes to reach Xi'an. Reporters of People's Daily drove the Toyota Crown from Beijing anxiously to Xi'an, the ancient Chinses capital, all night. Hearing that the largest tomb excavated in China since the 20th century would be uncovered, reporters of Yangcheng Evening News jumped into a car to catch the plane from Guangzhou to Xi'an.<br />
<br />
2600年前建造的这个秦公一号大墓,为研究中国奴隶社会的政治、经济、文化,提供了大量的实物资料。<br />
<br />
The tomb of Duke Jing of Qin built 2,600 years ago provides a lot of materials for studying the politics, economy and culture of Chinese slave society.<br />
<br />
按照马克思主义的历史观,铁器是封建社会生产力水平的一种标志。然而秦公一号大墓,一方面以180多个殉葬的棺椁把秦国的奴隶制社会无可辩驳地展现在我们面前,另一方面又以已经出土的十多件精良的铁器,撼动了关于铁器的标志说。难道秦人也要向马克思主义挑战?我夹杂在“发掘热”的人群里走进了西去的列车。不过我不是想去发掘秦俑的。我要去发掘一个也许是当今了不起的经济理论家。我相信这个人的探索可以为今天中国的经济体制改革提供一些理论依据。<br />
<br />
According to the Marxist view of history, iron is a symbol of the production level in feudal society. However, the tomb of Duke Jing of Qin consisting of over 180 coffins, on the one hand, have irrefutably displayed the slave society of Qin in front of us. On the other hand, more than ten excellent ironware have been unearthed, changing the view of ironware. Do Qin people also challenge Marxism? I walked into the train going west in the crowd obsessed with "excavation rush". But I don't want to see Terracotta Army. I'm going to find a great economic theorist today. I believe this man's exploration can provide some theoretical basis for China's economic system reform today.<br />
<br />
5月4日。我搭乘的279次列车是晚8点多开车。我掐着时间走进列车,一看 表,怎么才7点多?是不是我家里那只钟走错了?还是我糊里糊涂地早走了一小时?可我也不至于这么错乱呵!现在到底是7点还是8点?<br />
<br />
On May 4th, my No.279 train should leave at 8 o'clock in the evening. I calculated the time to walk into the train and look at my watch. Why was it only about 7 o'clock? Was the clock in my house going wrong? Or did I leave an hour early in a confused way? But I would not do it so unwittingly! Was it 7 o'clock or 8 o'clock?<br />
<br />
车窗口的两位穿着蓝西服和灰西服的公民同时亮出表:8点。<br />
<br />
Two citizens in blue suits and gray suits at the train window showed their watches: 8 o'clock.<br />
<br />
但是蓝西服说:“我也搞不清几点了。”<br />
<br />
But the one in blue suit said, "I don't know what time it is either."<br />
<br />
灰西服也说:“我也搞不清几点了。”<br />
<br />
The one in grey suit also said, "I also don't know what time it is."<br />
<br />
表上明明显示着8点,为什么又说搞不清?莫非我走进了一个荒诞派小说的 规定情境?<br />
<br />
The watch clearly showed 8 o'clock, but why did they say they can't figure it out? Had I entered a scene set in an absurd novel?<br />
<br />
又有一个乘客满在行地说:“现在时间不是往前挪了一小时吗。”<br />
<br />
Another passenger seemed an expert, and he said, "Isn't the time moving forward for an hour now?"<br />
<br />
挪前挪后?到底是挪前还是挪后?<br />
<br />
Moving forward and backward? Was it moving forward or backward?<br />
<br />
“今天开始实行夏时制,”终于有了一个大致正常的人,“时针不是往前拨了一小时吗,所以现在的8点就是原来的9点。”<br />
<br />
"Daylight saving time has been implemented since today," finally we got a person who can figure out the current situation. "Isn't the hour hand set forward for an hour, so now 8 o'clock is the original 9 o'clock."<br />
<br />
“不对,现在的8点是原来的7点。”<br />
<br />
"No, the current 8 o'clock is the original 7 o'clock."<br />
<br />
对了!我的表没有拨过,所以才7点。我自己清醒过来后,这オ注意到乘客们愕然不解的眼神,迷乱惶恐的眼神,忧烦木讷的眼神,而在这些眼神的后面,是一种不愿意适应、又不能不适应夏时制而无所适从、无可奈何的被动心理。<br />
<br />
That's right! My watch hadn't been reset, so it was seven o'clock. After I figured it out, I noticed the passengers' startled, confused and worried eyes. And behind these eyes, there was a kind of passive psychology that they were unwilling to adapt to, but had to adapt to daylight saving time, so they were at a loss and helpless.<br />
<br />
夏时制真是一个“不受欢迎的人”。<br />
<br />
Daylight saving time is really an "unwelcome person".<br />
<br />
又有人喊了一嗓子:“每天得提前一小时起床,乱了套了！反正,活的活,死的死吧!”<br />
<br />
Another person shouted: "I have to get up one hour in advance every day, which is a mess! Anyway, we will live or die!"<br />
<br />
有那么严重吗?实行夏时制,又不会像长工资似的,谁多长一级,谁少长一 级——谁也不会因此而亏了一小时。绝对的平均主义！明明谁也没有吃亏。明明谁也不用为此付出多大代价。明明按照日、地运动的规律办事,就可以节约能源, 所以夏时制又叫经济时制。明明在1916年,德、法、英、意等等国家就已采用夏时制了,但是1986年中国的夏时制,还是招来了那么多的惶惶然和愤愤然。<br />
<br />
Was it that serious? The implementation of daylight saving time will not be like the increase of salary, and no one will lose or get the hourly wage—no one will lose an hour. Absolute egalitarianism! Clearly, no one suffered losses. Clearly no one had to pay much for it. Clearly, according to the law of the movement of the sun and the earth, we can save energy, so daylight saving time is also called money saving time. It was clear that in 1916, Germany, France, Britain, Italy and other countries had adopted daylight saving time, but in 1986, China's daylight saving time still attracted so much panic and indignation.<br />
<br />
“我独不解中国人何以于旧状况那么心平气和,于较新的机运就这么疾首蹙额;于已成之局那么委屈求全,于初兴之事就这么求全责备?”对我重复着这句话的,自然是鲁迅了。<br />
<br />
"I don't understand why the Chinese people are so calm in the old situation, but they frown at new opportunities; they compromise on something written in the stars but blame for new things?" It was Lu Xun who repeated this sentence to me.<br />
<br />
车厢里响起了很新潮的歌:<br />
<br />
A very trendy song played in the carriage:<br />
<br />
阿里,阿里巴巴,<br />
<br />
Ali, Ali Baba,<br />
<br />
阿里巴巴是个快乐的青年。<br />
<br />
Ali Baba is a happy young man.<br />
<br />
不管阿里是不是快乐的青年,反正听这种歌就是感受一种情绪。感受到这种情绪的,便都成了快乐的青年。<br />
<br />
Whether Ali was a happy young man or not, listening to this song was to feel an emotion. Those who can feel this emotion became happy young people.<br />
<br />
实行夏时制的中国,也正像一个快乐的青年,一个处在思想活跃期的青年。<br />
<br />
China, which had implemented daylight saving time, was just like a happy youth, a youth in an active period of thinking.<br />
<br />
车厢里的灯突然全黑了。怎么这么早就黑灯了?我跑到车厢过道的灯下看 表,可不,才9点嘛,应该10点熄灯的嘛。哦,对了,我到现在还没有拨过手表,我 以为反正知道夏时制就行了,连表都懒得拨一下。结果是一下熄了灯,连上床的思想准备都没有。我摘下手表,乖乖地往前拨快一小时。看来变革往往带有强制性,不可能都有了思想准备才变革的。<br />
<br />
All the lights in the carriage suddenly went dark. Why was it dark so early? I ran to the car aisle under the lights to look at my watch, ehh, it was only 9 o'clock. It should have turned off the lights at 10 o'clock. Oh, I haven't set my watch yet. I thought I only need to know daylight saving time, so I didn't even bother to set my watch. As a result, the lights went out at once, and there was no mental preparation for going to bed. I took off my watch and moved forward one hour obediently. It seemed that reform was often mandatory, and it was impossible to reform after we prepare for it.<br />
<br />
不过,等我结束了在西安的采访回到北京以后,并没有发现任何因为时间的拨动而引起的汽车误点、火车脱轨、飞机相撞或者神经错乱。人们按部就班,安定团结,再也没有人谈起夏时制。好像夏时制不是从1986年5月4日开始的,而是在公元前就开始了。<br />
<br />
However, when I returned to Beijing after my interview in Xi'an, I didn't find any car delays, train derailments, plane collisions or insanity caused by the ticking of time. People followed the prescribed order, calm and united, and no one talked about daylight saving time anymore. It seemed that daylight saving time was not from May 4, 1986, but began B.C.<br />
<br />
只要能下决心变革,中国人的适应能力也是非同一般的。<br />
<br />
As long as we can make up our minds to change, Chinese people's adaptability is extraordinary.<br />
<br />
我在变革的时间和时间的变革里,到达了西安站。<br />
<br />
I arrived at Xi'an Station in the time of change and the change of time.<br />
<br />
到底怎么写改革<br />
<br />
How to Write Reform in the End<br />
<br />
一个逃犯。<br />
<br />
A fugitive.<br />
<br />
我走出西安站,看到一个高人一等的黑大汉,高举着一块“接陈”的牌子。这是我们的“联络暗号”。因为我不认识他,但又希望一到西安就能见到他。应该说一切都很顺利。凯撒大帝有句名言:我来了,我看见了,我战胜了。现在我来了,我看见了,但是我失望了。<br />
<br />
When I walked out of Xi'an Station, I saw a very tall man with dark skin holding up a sign of "picking up Chen". This was our "contact code". Because I didn't know him, but I hoped to see him as soon as I arrived in Xi'an. It should be said that everything was going well. Julius Caesar has a famous saying: I came; I saw; I conquered. Now I came; I saw, but I was disappointed.<br />
<br />
我觉得我看见了一个逃犯。<br />
<br />
I thought I saw a fugitive.<br />
<br />
我的第一感觉是害怕。那张长脸好像从来也没洗干净过。他50岁。可我觉得他大概从来也没有年轻过,他大概一生下来就这么老了。那莫测高深的三角眼,那阴沉的高鼻。鼻翼两旁像刀刻石凿似的有两道深沟直通向嘴的两旁。而嘴,直接地就像平放着的两把刀。<br />
<br />
My first feeling was fear. It seemed that that long face had never been washed clean. He was 50 years old. But I thought he was probably never young. He was probably born so old. That unfathomable triangular eyes, that gloomy high nose. There were two deep ditches on both sides of the nose like a knife carving stone chisel, which led straight to both sides of the mouth. And the mouth was like two knives lying flat.<br />
<br />
他的布鞋上打着皮革的补丁。我有几年没见到这样打着大补丁的鞋了。我也愈来愈少地见到他这样黄的眼白,或者压根儿就应该叫作眼黄。这补丁,这眼黄,立刻使我想起贫困、拮据、坚韧、过去。不过他穿着过去不穿的西装。但这西装质地之差,之软绵绵,之皱巴巴,都使人败胃。倒好像是仓促之间从哪儿借来套在身上乔装打扮的。干脆那种油污的旧工作服倒能给人带来一种粗犷的美。<br />
<br />
His cloth shoes were patched with leather. I haven't seen shoes with big patches like this in years. I also saw less and less this yellow sclera, or it should be called yellow of the eye. This patch and this yellow eye immediately reminded me of poverty, tenacity and the past. But he was wearing a suit that he didn't use to wear. However, the poor texture, softness and wrinkles of this suit made people sick. It seemed that he borrowed it from somewhere in a hurry and put it on in disguise. Simply that kind of oily old overalls can make people think him rugged.<br />
<br />
他的头发所剩无几地徒劳地盖在秃秃的头顶上。后来听他说这是染黑的,要不都白了。我想又何必染呢?这么几根头发也值得染吗?<br />
<br />
His hair was left a little to cover his bald head, but it was in vain. Later, I heard him say it was dyed black, or it was all white. I thought why dyed it? Were these hairs worth dyeing?<br />
<br />
但他说这事儿的时候是自信的,很值得的样子,就如他自信他干的一切都是值得的。<br />
<br />
But when he said it, he was confident and showed that it was worthy, just as he was confident that everything he did was worth it.<br />
<br />
我3月份收到这个陌生人的第一封信的时候,就决定写完手头一篇报告文学后就去找他。我相信不会虚此西行。他给我的信,一开头就使我预感到我将要经受一种新的思想的撞击:“不管在文学作品中和宣传报道中树立多少光辉的改革者形象,都不会使无所作为和反对改革的领导变为果敢锐敏的改革者。改革者的形象只会鼓舞那些希望并赞成改革的人。然而具有彻底改革思想的人并不一定就会是改革家,原因在于他们无权左右局势。因此不在于号召占据领导地位的人成为改革者,而在于使改革者走上领导岗位。……”<br />
<br />
When I received this stranger's first letter in March, I decided to go to him after writing the non-fiction novel at hand. I believed the westward journey wouldn’t be made in vain. At the beginning of his letter to me, I had a premonition that I would be hit by a new idea: "No matter how many images of brilliant reformers are set up in literary works and propaganda reports, leaders who do nothing and oppose reform will not become bold reformers with a sharp mind. The image of reformers will only inspire those who hope for and agree with reform. However, people with radical reform ideas are not necessarily reformers, because they have no right to control the situation. Therefore, it is not to call on those who occupy leading positions to become reformers, but to make reformers take leadership positions…"<br />
<br />
但我对这个人毕竟一无所知。他真值得我采访吗?他和常规的好人形象相距太远。我身上揣着《人民文学》的差旅费。我要是虚了此行,《人民文学》固然不会追究经济责任,可是我也得讲究时间效益呵。<br />
<br />
But after all, I didn't know anything about this person. Was he worth my interview? He was too far from the conventional image of a good man. I carried the travel expenses of the People's Literature with me. If this trip was in vain, the People's Literature will not pursue economic responsibility, but I had to pay attention to time efficiency.<br />
<br />
他接过我的旅行包:“这个包,我不用叮嘱你不要毁坏,不要丢失,你自然会爱护的,因为你拥有这个包的所有权、使用权和支配权,你是这个包的主人。根本用不着对你进行主人翁思想的教育。我们三十多年来一直对国营企业职工进行主人翁思想教育这件事,恰恰证明了国营企业的职工还不是企业的主人。”<br />
<br />
He took my travel bag and said, "I don't have to tell you not to destroy or lose this bag. You will naturally take care of it, because you have the ownership, use and control of this bag, and you are the owner of this bag. There is no need to educate you on the idea of being a master at all. We have been educating the state-owned enterprises about the sense of ownership for more than 30 years, which just proves that employees in state-owned enterprises are not the masters of the enterprises."<br />
<br />
我立时精神起来了,我想起他那封长信的内容——改革的关键,关键的改革, 是所有制问题。<br />
<br />
I immediately refreshed, and remembered the content of his long letter—the key to reform and the key reform are the ownership problem.<br />
<br />
他这个人,执拗地叫你想起过去,过去。他又顽强地站立在现在,现在。<br />
<br />
He is a man who stubbornly reminds you of the past. But he stands stubbornly in the present.<br />
<br />
精神取代物质和意识决定存在<br />
<br />
Spirit Replaces Materials and Consciousness Determines Existence<br />
<br />
天安门前站着一个高大黝黑的光头青年。上穿蓝粗布衣,下穿用家染的黑粗 布做的抽带肥腿裤。那裤带偏是白的,又偏偏捣乱似的从腰部溜了下来,大模大样地突出在黑裤子中间。但这个光头青年的神情是那么自信、自豪。本来嘛,那年—-1954年的《群众日报》登了陕西省考上高校的全部考生的名单。第一名,韩城县中学的党治国,考上了清华大学。党治国到清华报到后的第一件事,就是到天安门前照这张像。<br />
<br />
In front of Tiananmen Square stood a tall, bald young man with dark skin. He wore blue coarse cloth on the top and wide leg pants with strings made of black coarse cloth dyed at home on the bottom. The strings were white, but they just slipped down from the waist causing trouble, and protruded in the middle of the black trousers obviously. But the bald young man looked so confident and proud. It turned out that Qunzhong Daily published the list of all the candidates admitted to colleges and universities in Shaanxi Province in 1954. The first place, Dang Zhiguo in Hancheng Middle School, was admitted to Tsinghua University. The first thing Dang did after registering was to take this picture in front of Tiananmen Square.<br />
<br />
只是那两条白裤带,使照片上的党治国在威风中透着滑稽。这也没什么。清华大学一年级新生党治国就不信还会有什么事情难得住他。白裤带吗,用墨水一抹不就黑了?行了。很好。不能更好了。至于留头发是不是比光头更好看,制服裤是不是比家织抽带裤更好看,他没想过。他从来不注意服饰。32年后,他知道我要专程到西安去找他时,他才为没有一件过得去的外衣而有些不安。于是就匆匆添置了那身使我一看就败胃的西装。<br />
<br />
Only those two white strings made him look funny in front of imposing Tiananmen Square. It was nothing. Dang Zhiguo, the Tsinghua University freshman didn't believe that there would be anything hard to live with. As for white strings, he just blacked them with ink. That was enough. That was good. It couldn't be better. As for whether head with hair was better than bald head, and whether uniform pants were better than home-woven pants with strings, he never thought about it. He never paid attention to clothes. Thirty-two years later, when he knew that I was going to Xi'an to find him, he was a little upset that he didn't have a decent coat. So he hurriedly bought the suit that made me sick.<br />
<br />
一个从青少年时代就以为精神万能的人,最后连购置一套像点样的西装的物质基础都没有。<br />
<br />
A person who thought that the spirit was omnipotent from his youth didn't even have the material basis to buy a decent suit.<br />
<br />
党治国16岁的时候,有一天和同学们在韩城中学连夜排节目。三九天的夜 晚,不生火就过不去。但教室外是半尺厚的雪,想搞点煤吧,又觉得冷得出不去——来回得走2里雪地呢!怎么去扛煤呵!多厚的棉鞋陷进雪地里也是冻脚。同学们倒抽着冷气往后缩了。<br />
<br />
When Dang Zhiguo was 16 years old, he and his classmates arranged programs overnight in Hancheng Middle School one day. On the coldest nights, you can't get through without a fire. But there was half a chi of snow outside the classroom. Even if you wanted to get some coal, you would feel cold and had to walk, because you had to walk 2 li back and forth! How to carry coal! No matter how thick the cotton shoes were, your feet would be frozen when you got stuck in the snow. The students gasped and drew back.<br />
<br />
党治国叭叭地扔下他的棉鞋,又扒掉他的两只袜子。<br />
<br />
Dangzhuo threw down his cotton shoes and stripped off his two socks.<br />
<br />
“哎,你脱鞋袜干什么?”<br />
<br />
"Hey, why do you take off your shoes and socks?"<br />
<br />
“为了证明在雪地里走路不冷。”<br />
<br />
"To prove that walking in the snow is not cold."<br />
<br />
“你快穿上吧！我们跟你去扛煤就行了。”<br />
<br />
"You should put them on quickly! Let's go with you to carry coal."<br />
<br />
“我说出话就要算数。”<br />
<br />
"I am a man of my word."<br />
<br />
党治国光着两脚走向无情的雪地。不过他连雪地的无情也感觉不出,因为他的双脚很快就冻木了。当然,这毕竟只是2里地,所以他的双脚还能存活。如果是20里地,200里地,16岁的他怕也是会光脚走去的。那么,他的一双脚当然要为他的无视客观物质存在而付出代价了。<br />
<br />
He walked to the ruthless snow barefoot. But he couldn't even feel the ruthlessness of the snow, because his feet soon froze. Of course, this was only 2 li after all, so his feet can still survive. If it were 20 li or 200 li, the 16-year-old boy might still walk barefoot. Then, of course, his feet would pay the price for his disregard of objective material existence.<br />
<br />
20世纪50年代初的中国,商品经济不发达,物质不充足,但人们的精神状态是安适的。中国人,自我需求总有所节制。不过用精神补充物质的不足,把思想作为物质的代替品,只能在一定的时期,一定的限度内。长此以往,乐此不疲,便可能从以精神取代物质发展到以为思想意识可以决定物质存在。一些“彻底的唯物主义者”抛却了唯物主义的基本观点:存在决定意识。30年后,党治国在他的一篇文章中写道:"……用社会意识来解释各种社会现象。好的社会现象是好的社会意识的产物,坏的社会现象是坏的社会意识的产物,于是全部问题被归结为对一种思想的宣传和对另一种思想的批判。”<br />
<br />
In China in the early 1950s, the commodity economy was underdeveloped and the material was insufficient, but people's mental state was comfortable. Chinese people always control their self-needs. However, it can only be within a certain period and a certain limit to supplement the material deficiency with spirit and take thought as a substitute for material. In the long run, if you enjoy it, you may develop from replacing material with spirit to thinking that ideology can determine material existence. Some "thorough materialists" have abandoned the basic viewpoint of materialism: existence determines consciousness. Thirty years later, Dang Zhiguo wrote in his article: "…explaining various social phenomena with social consciousness. Good social phenomena are the product of good social consciousness, while bad social phenomena are the product of bad social consciousness, so all the problems are attributed to the promotion of one kind of thought and the criticism of another."<br />
<br />
1957年,这种批判像火灾似的在清华大学里蔓延开来,烧向钱伟长,烧向黄万里……党治国走上台辩论:他们不是“右派”!党治国走进校党委办公室：他们不是“右派”！<br />
<br />
In 1957, this kind of criticism spread like a fire in Tsinghua University, burning to Qian Weichang and Huang Wanli... Dang came to the stage to debate: they are not rightists! He entered the office of the school party Committee: they are not rightists!<br />
<br />
“正是为了真正拥护党的方针政策,”他在会上说,“可以允许人们先怀疑一下。怀疑以后再把自己驳倒,这才是真正的信任,真正的拥护。”<br />
<br />
"It is precisely in order to truly uphold the Party's principles and policies," he said at the meeting, "that people can be allowed to doubt first. Doubt and then refute yourself later, which is true trust and true support."<br />
<br />
党治国讲话没有一点顾虑。他这个来自黄河边的人,像黄河一样古朴。他对党的感情、对党的忠诚,连一点杂质也没有,自然用不着担心自己说“错”话而成为“右派”。<br />
<br />
Dang had no worries. He was a man from the Yellow River, as simple as the Yellow River. His feelings and loyalty to the party didn't even have any impurities, so he naturally didn't have to worry about saying something wrong to be a rightist.<br />
<br />
但是,根据意识决定存在的“原理”,有“右派言论”的人,就是“右派”分子。<br />
<br />
However, according to the principle that consciousness determines existence, those who have rightist remarks are rightists.<br />
<br />
无限制地强调意识的作用,结果必定是走向反面——取消思想自由。党治国步他的老师们的后尘,也成了“右派”,而且是“极右”。他的一个同窗好友是个结巴,原先一见他老远就叫“党、党、党、党——治国!”憋上半天才憋出“治国”两个字,实在累人。结巴老弟就把他的名字简化成一个字:“党!”现在自然不敢再叫他“党”了。当着人连话也不敢说。只在没人注意时不用称呼地对他说上一句:“浪子回头金不换。”两个月后,没想到结巴老弟也成了“浪子右派”。浪子二号见了浪子一号,只能摇着头说一句:“往事不堪回首。”<br />
<br />
Unlimited emphasis on the role of consciousness must lead to the opposite—abolition of freedom of thought. Dang Zhiguo followed in the footsteps of his teachers and became a "rightist" and an "ultra-rightist". One of his classmates was a stutter. When he saw him far away, he would shout "Dang, Dang, Dang, Dang—Zhiguo!" It was tiring to suppress the word "Zhiguo" for half a day. The stammer reduced his name to one word: "Dang!" Now naturally, he dared not call him "Dang" any more (In Chinese, Dang党 means the Party). He dared not speak in front of Dang Zhiguo. Only when no one noticed, he said to Dang Zhiguo without saying his name: "A prodigal who returns is more precious than gold." Two months later, no one expected that this stammer should become a "prodigal rightist". When the prodigal no.2 saw the prodigal no.1, he could only shake his head and say, "My past is unbearable to recall."<br />
<br />
党治国成了“极右”后,三天没吃饭。他怎么会是“右派”呢?不过,党是不会错的。绝对。那么只有从自己身上找原因了。实在无法想通,只好先接受这个结论——是自己错了,再慢慢去想。<br />
<br />
After Dang became the "ultra-rightist", he didn't eat for three days. How can he be a "rightist"? However, the party can't be wrong. Absolutely. Then he had to find the reason from himself. He really can't figure it out, so he had to accept this conclusion first that he was wrong and then think about it slowly.<br />
<br />
1957年的“右派”里边,有多少人恰恰是先进生产力的代表。1956年党中央提出了“百花齐放、百家争鸣”的方针,到1957年先进生产力就急切爆发出来了。但是,对不起,请君入瓮吧。你们不应该有思想的自由,因为用不着你们思想。<br />
<br />
Many of the "rightists" in 1957 were representatives of advanced productive forces? In 1956, the CPC Central Committee put forward the policy of "letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend", so in 1957, advanced productive forces popped up eagerly. But, I'm sorry, treating someone in your own ways. You should not have the freedom to think, because you don't need your thoughts.<br />
<br />
有计划的盲目生产<br />
<br />
Planned Blind Production<br />
<br />
西安郊区有个新丰砖瓦厂。该厂取土制砖时发现了舍利精室。舍利,是指佛的骨灰。迎舍利,供舍利,是佛家,也是朝廷的大事。释迦牟尼火葬后,八国争夺舍利,百姓求分舍利,分不到的,用金、银、水晶、玛瑙等制作舍利。砖瓦厂发现的舍利精室,就是用水晶做的舍利代用品,水晶舍利装在玻璃瓶里,玻璃瓶装在饰有鎏金狮子、珍珠团花的金棺里。金棺置于饰满翡翠、玛瑙、珍珠、猫儿眼等等的银椁里。释迦如来涅槃后,他的骨灰的代用品都能住进造价这么高的圣地,足见百姓对佛的虔诚。<br />
<br />
There is a Xinfeng brick and tile factory in the suburb of Xi'an. The Buddhist relics room was discovered when the factory took soil to make bricks. Buddhist relics refer to the ashes of Buddha. It is a great event for Buddhism and the imperial court to welcome and offer Buddhist relics. After the Buddha's cremation, eight countries competed for the relics, and the people asked for sharing the relics. If they couldn't get them, they made Buddhist relics with gold, silver, crystal and agate. The Buddhist relics room discovered by the brick and tile factory is a relic substitute made of crystal. The crystal relic was packed in a glass bottle, which was put in a gold coffin decorated with gold lions and pearl flowers. The gold coffin was placed in a silver coffin decorated with jadeite, agate, pearl, chrysoberyl and so on. After the Buddha's nirvana, the substitutes of his ashes can live in the holy land with such high cost, which shows the people's piety towards Buddha.<br />
<br />
把自己的命运系在对佛的信仰上,这大约也是中国人的一种祖传吧。“右派分子”党治国看到报上关于亩产水稻6万斤,亩产红薯120万斤的报道后,不禁对党心悦诚服——国家现在能取得这么大的成绩,自然和清除“右派”有关系。自己成了“右派”,也值得了。<br />
<br />
It is probably the ancestral tradition of Chinese people to tie their own destiny to their belief in Buddha. After reading the newspaper saying 60,000 jin of rice per mu and 1.2 million jin of sweet potatoes per mu, the "rightists" can't help but be convinced that the reason why the country can achieve such great achievements now was because of the elimination of the "rightists". It was worthwhile to become a "rightist".<br />
<br />
就是买东西很不方便。以前可以招呼售货员:同志,请你给我称点什么。现在怎么可以叫人家同志呢?你已经不是人家的同志了。可是,上去就没头没脑地说, 你给我称点什么,又觉得不礼貌。<br />
<br />
It was just that shopping was very inconvenient. He used to greet the salesman: Comrade, please weigh something for me. How can he call someone a comrade now? He was no longer a comrade. However, when he said, "You, weigh something for me" without previous thinking, it was impolite.<br />
<br />
其实售货员谁知道你是“右派”？你自己干吗老给自己念紧箍咒？问题是党治国的确相信了自己是“右派”。因为他至诚地相信党,相信党的每一项运动,不再相信自己。<br />
<br />
In fact, how can a salesman know that you are a "rightist"? Why do you always read yourself the Band-tightening Spell? The problem was that Dang Zhiguo really believed that he was a "rightist". Because he sincerely believed in the party, believes in every movement of the party, and no longer believed in himself.<br />
<br />
既然相信自己是“右派”,就应该保持当“右派”的自觉性,丝毫马虎不得。<br />
<br />
Since he believed that he was a "rightist", he thought that we should keep our consciousness of being "rightists", and we should not be careless at all.<br />
<br />
清华大学的“右派”师生们被送到北京木城涧煤矿改造。打风钻。放炮。挖煤。背煤。1960年底,被开除了学籍的党治国回到家乡韩城县。这就是他的家乡吗?棉花掉了一地没人拣;红薯地里,农民们只拣面上的,不管地下的;干活不记工分;吃饭不要钱。每家的小锅都砸了大炼钢铁了。1959年的誓师会上已经喊出了小麦亩产100万斤。1960年的韩城人每天的粮食却不够半斤。西安火车站挤满了从各地逃荒来的人。<br />
<br />
The "rightist" teachers and students in Tsinghua University were sent to Muchengjian Coal Mine in Beijing for reeducation, using the pneumatic drill and gunpowder, digging for coal and pulling coal. At the end of 1960, Dang, who was expelled from school, returned to his hometown, Hancheng County. Was this his hometown? Cotton fell all over the ground and no one picked it; In the sweet potato field, farmers only picked the one on the surface, regardless of those underground; Work points were useless; There was no need to pay money for dinner. Every small pot has been smashed to manufacture steel. At the pep rally in 1959, it was shouted that the yield per mu of wheat was 1 million jin. In 1960, however, Hancheng people didn't have half a jin of food every day. Xi'an railway station was crowded with people fleeing from all over the country.<br />
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这就是亩产多少万斤的结果?<br />
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This was the result of thousands of jin per mu?<br />
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人有多大胆,地有多大产。思想有多好,产量有多高。这些荒谬的事,为什么 没有人出来提意见? “反右”的损失首先不是把几十万人打成“右派”,而是否定了一个民主原则——让人讲话的原则。<br />
<br />
The bolder people are, the more productive the fields will be. The better the ideological awareness is, the higher the production will be. Why didn't anyone come out to give advice on these absurd things? First of all, the loss of "anti-rightist" is not to label hundreds of thousands of people as "rightists", but to deny a democratic principle—the principle of making people speak.<br />
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唐代长安诗人写过一首有名的《宫词》:<br />
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A poet living in Chang'an in Tang Dynasty wrote a famous Gong Ci (a kind of poetry depicting daily trivia of emperors in the imperial court):<br />
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“寂寂花时闭院门,美人相并立琼轩。含情欲说宫中事,鹦鹉前头不敢言。”<br />
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"Many doors of the palace are closed, and people feel lonely even when flowers bloom. Before the gorgeous window, beauties stand side by side. They want to tell the story of the palace with tender affection, but don’t dare to speak easily as a parrot is in front."<br />
<br />
面对“鹦鹉前头不敢言”的局面,党治国认真地开始了他的怀疑。一天吃不到多少东西,所以也干不了多少活。他开始大量读书,尤其是读马列著作。三十多年后他在一篇文章里写道:“当不承认重力规律的人从高山上往下跳的时候,重力规律不因为得不到这个人的承认而退避三舍。同样,当个人意志、国家意志以至全社会意志不承认某一经济规律的时候,这一经济规律不仅仍然要发生作用,而且发生作用的方式是相当无情和揶揄的。”“有计划的盲目生产比之生产的无政府状态对生产的破坏更大。”<br />
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Faced with the situation that "don’t dare to speak easily as a parrot is in front", Dang Zhiguo seriously doubted something. As he can't eat much in one day, he can't do much work. He began to read a lot of books, especially Marxist-Leninist works. More than 30 years later, he wrote in an article: "When a person who does not recognize the law of gravity jumps down from a high mountain, the law of gravity will not be invalid even if it is not recognized by this person. Similarly, when the will of the individual, the state and even the whole society do not recognize a certain economic law, this economic law not only still has to work, but also the way it works is quite ruthless and embarrassing." "The planned blind production is more destructive to production than it in a state of anarchy."<br />
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计划经济要是违反了经济规律,就不是个别的、偶然的违反,而是整体的“有计划”地违反,后果自然严重。<br />
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If the planned economy violates economic laws, it is not an violation individually or accidentally, but an overall "planned" violation, so the consequences are naturally serious.<br />
<br />
党治国在发生一种变化:由当“右派”的自觉性向做人的自觉性变化。他那长自黄河边的古朴而青春的体内,自信心正在恢复。他写了一副对联:<br />
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A change was taking place in Dang Zhiguo: from the consciousness of being a "rightist" to the consciousness of being a man. His self-confidence was recovering in the simple and youthful body that grew from the Yellow River. He wrote a couplet:<br />
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常保数百卷书千载不做小人 时缺几十斤粮一身仍是大汉<br />
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If you can keep hundreds of books regularly, you will not be reduced to a lowly profession for thousands of years; Even though you lack dozens of jin of food sometimes, you is still a man<br />
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“文化革命”的经济根源<br />
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The Economic Root of the Cultural Revolution<br />
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胸挺腰直,血液畅通,大脑能得到丰富的血液供应,人的思维能力便能达到最佳点。党治国为了获得思维的最佳点,每天劳动回来,必定端坐在床前读《资本论》。或者说,是因为需要啃下《资本论》,他才找到这个最佳点。<br />
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When the chest is straight, the blood is unblocked, the brain can get rich blood supply, so people's thinking ability can reach the best point. In order to get the best point of thinking, Dang must sit upright in front of the bed and read Capital: A Critique of Political Economy after he came back from work every day. In other words, because he needed to understand this book, he found this best point.<br />
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这是1970年2月,“右派”党治国在理所当然地历经批斗、游街等等“文革”系列把戏之后,被判了20年徒刑。<br />
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In February 1970, the "rightist" Dang Zhiguo was sentenced to 20 years in prison after the series of tricks of the Cultural Revolution, such as struggle session and street parading.<br />
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“我说老党,”同室关押的犯人问他,“你判刑最长,怎么不见你发愁呢?”<br />
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"Hey, old Dang," asked the inmate in his room, "you have been sentenced the longest. Why don't you worry?"<br />
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“愁什么?”<br />
<br />
"Worry about what?"<br />
<br />
“等你20年刑满释放出来,你都50多岁了!”<br />
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"When you are released from prison for 20 years, you are in your 50s!"<br />
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“不会的。”<br />
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"It won't happen."<br />
<br />
“怎么不会?你现在35岁,再过20年,不是55岁?”<br />
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"Why not? You're 35 now, 20 years from now, not 55?"<br />
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“不会关这么长。20年是他们的意志。但社会的发展不是以他们的意志为转移的。我相信规律。我相信我最多坐10年牢。”<br />
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"I won't be locked up for so long. Twenty years is their will. But the development of society is not transferred by their will. I believe in laws. I believe I need to be in prison for 10 years at most."<br />
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“嘿!那你整天看《资本论》,演算数学题干什么？瞧瞧,什么价值、增长额、工资、劳动目的!”<br />
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"Hey! Then why do you read the Capital: A Critique of Political Economy and calculate math problems all day? Look, value, growth, salary and labor purpose!"<br />
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“我要研究资本家有多少钱,”党治国狡黠地一笑,“将来我好管理这些钱。”<br />
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"I want to study how much money capitalists have," Dang said with a sly smile. "I can manage this money in the future."<br />
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自然这是一句戏言。不过他在潜意识里认定自己只要不死,就要研究经济问题,研究尚被忽略、但非解决不可的经济问题。因为问题已经愈来愈清晰地显示出来了:一切社会变革的后面,都有经济规律的作用。他党治国落到20年在押犯的地步,中国落到全国上下“脱产闹革命”的地步,绝不仅仅是错误思想的产物,而是有深刻的经济根源的。<br />
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Naturally, this is a joke. However, he subconsciously thought that as long as he did not die, he would study economic problems, which were still neglected but must be solved. Because the problem has become more and more clear: behind all social changes, there are economic laws. It was not only the product of wrong ideas, but also had profound economic roots that he became a prisoner for 20 years and people all over the country left their company to work for a revolution.<br />
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（当然,那时的党治国还不知道中国有个“四人帮”——本人侧重谈经济。）<br />
<br />
(Of course, at that time, Dang did not know that there was a Gang of Four in China. I focused on the economy.)<br />
<br />
经过三年困难时期,我们汲取了一些教训,采取了一些措施。经济得到发展后,必然要求上层建筑有相应的变革。发展了的生产カ必然要求生产关系有相应的变革。这就激化了变革的力量和反变革的力量的斗争。于是批“三自一包”,批“修正主义”。于是高呼“无产阶级专政万岁”。<br />
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After three difficult years, we have learned some lessons and taken some measures. After the development of economy, it is inevitable to require corresponding changes in superstructure. Developed production inevitably requires corresponding changes in production relations. This intensifies the struggle between the forces of change and the forces against change. Therefore, we criticized the agricultural economic policy including managing our own land, free market and taking responsibility for our own profits and losses and household responsibility system. We also criticized revisionism. So we shouted "Long live the dictatorship of the proletariat".<br />
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热昏的头脑是无从知道自己的疯狂行为后边的真实原因的。党治国知道。不是因为他的头脑比人家清醒,而是因为他的经历和感受为他提供了他需要弄清的思想。1957年他在“清华”眼睁睁地看到那些代表先进生产力的专家、教授被专了政。他自己本是满怀着到祖国最艰苦的地方去的理想而报考了清华水利系。他受了《远离莫斯科的地方》这本小说的影响。他要远离大城市。艰苦的环境本身就是一种吸引力。与困难做斗争本身就是ー种吸引力。去做别人做不到的事就是一种吸引力。为伟大理想献身就是一种吸引力。一个全省第一的学生满怀献身的热情出现在清华水利系,这在50年代自然也是先进生产力的ー个分子,因此也难逃被专政的命运。<br />
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It is impossible for those who can’t keep their wits about them to know the real reason behind their crazy behavior. Dang Zhiguo knew it. Not because his mind was clearer than others, but because his experiences and feelings provided him with ideas he needed to make clear. In 1957, he saw that those experts and professors who represented advanced production were deprived of the right to speak in Tsinghua University. He himself applied for the Water Conservancy Department of Tsinghua University with the ideal of going to the hardest place in the motherland. He was influenced by the novel Far from Moscow. He wanted to stay away from big cities. The challenging environment itself was an attraction. Struggling with difficulties itself was an attraction. Doing what others can't do was a kind of attraction. Dedication to great ideals was a kind of attraction. A student who was the first in the whole province was enrolled in the Department of Water Conservancy of Tsinghua University with dedication, which naturally made him a member of advanced production in 1950s, so he could not escape the fate of being deprived of the right to speak.<br />
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后来党治国长年在陕西铜川当井下掘进工。下煤井的活,以前被称为“三块石头夹一块肉”——危险。当时在井下炸煤层,都是正向爆破。就是在煤层打好洞, 放进五六个炸药包后,先引爆最里边的那个炸药包,然后一个个往外引爆。爆炸时高压气体膨胀,往外冲出,分散了爆炸的力度。为什么不能倒过来,先引爆最外边的那个炸药包、搞反向爆破呢?那样不就可以爆力集中了吗?党治国违反了操作规程,搞起了反向爆破。开始是悄悄地。在80年代,人们会认为反向爆破的道理是再简单明了不过的。但是在60年代,谁第一个提出把正向爆破改成反向爆破, 是很难得到认可的。<br />
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Later, Dang worked as an underground tunnel worker in Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province for many years. The work of going down a coal mine used to be called "three stones with one piece of meat, which meant the job was dangerous. At that time, coal seams were blown underground, all of which were the blasting process of forward initiation. That was, after drilling holes in the coal seam and putting five or six explosive packs, first detonate the innermost explosive pack, and then detonate them one by one. When they explode, the high-pressure gas expanded and rushed out, decreasing the power level of an explosion. Why can't we turn it upside down, detonate the outermost explosive pack first, and have the blasting process of reverse initiation? If we did like this, we could have concentrated bombing. Dang violated the operating rules and started reverse blasting. He started it quietly. In the 1980s, people would think that the principle of reverse blasting was simple and clear. However, in the 1960s, it was difficult for the person who first proposed to change forward blasting into reverse blasting to get recognition.<br />
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在无人知晓的情况下试验成功了,也就得到认可了。<br />
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The experiment was successful when no one knew it, and then it was recognized.<br />
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1965年,随着国家经济形势的好转,党治国成了当地煤炭先进技术传播团的一个分子。党治国运用这个爆力集中的原理,集中他的精力,一个时期搞一项技术革新。但是,生产力要求发展的结果,是又一次遭到“革命”。“突出政治”，“再论 突出政治”。人人政治化,社会泛政治化。生产力就一而再,再而三地受到压制。<br />
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In 1965, with the improvement of the national economic situation, Dang became a member of the local advanced coal technology communication group. He used this principle of concentration of explosive power, concentrated his attention, and engaged in technological innovations in a period of time. However, the development required by production forces was once again "revolutionized". "Paying Attention to Mao Zedong Thought" and "Re-discussing the Importance of Mao Zedong Thought". Everyone talked about politicization and the society was about parapolitics. Productive forces were limited again and again.<br />
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于是党治国组织了一个共产主义小组,辅导大家学习《共产党宣言》《马克思主义的三个来源和三个组成部分》等等。30年后他自嘲地对我说,那时候他其实是个空想共产主义者。不过那时候他可是实实在在地进行他的“共产主义”事业的。他连篇累牍地写文章,不仅批“右”,而且批“左”。他只能打着批“右”的旗号来批“左”。这种逆向思维比反向爆破还危险。所以对有家室的好友,他一个都不让他们参加这个共产主义小组。他只要单身男子。果然不久他就被抓起来了。妻子被逼离婚。于是他也成了单身男子。不过他得侍奉一双父母和抚养一个孩子。<br />
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Therefore, Dang organized a communist group to help everyone study the ''Communist Manifesto'', ''The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism'' and so on. Thirty years later, he told me wryly that he was actually a utopian communist at that time. But he actually carried out his "communist" cause. He wrote articles endlessly, criticizing not only "right wing" but also "left wing". He can only criticize "left wing" under the banner of criticizing "right wing". This reverse thinking was more dangerous than reverse blasting. Therefore, he refused to let all his friends with families join this communist group. He only wanted single men. Sure enough, he was soon arrested. His wife was forced to divorce. So he became a single man. However, he had to serve his parents and raised his child.<br />
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判了20年徒刑的单身男子挺胸直腰地坐在监狱的床前,运用爆力集中的原理攻读《资本论》。《资本论》的扉页上,赫然写着:马列主义者党治国。<br />
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Sentenced to 20 years in prison, this single man sat in front of the prison bed upright, using the principle of explosive concentration to study Das Kapital. On the title page of it, it was impressively written: Marxist-Leninist Dang Zhiguo.<br />
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“你还看马列,人家就是用马列把你关进来的!”<br />
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"You still read Marxism-Leninism? People use it to lock you in!"<br />
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“不。那是违背了马列才把我关进来的。”<br />
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"No. They were against Marxism-Leninism, so I was locked in."<br />
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后来党治国在他的文章里写道:“无产阶级革命的目的绝不是要用自己的面貌改造世界,使全社会成员都变成无产者,而是要改变自己的面貌,使自己和社会全体成员都变成有财产的人,最后使一切生产资料为社会全体成员所共有。”<br />
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Later, Dang wrote in his article: "The purpose of the proletarian revolution is by no means to transform the world and make all members of society proletarian, but to change its own face and make itself and all members of society become people with property, and finally make all means of production shared by all members of society."<br />
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“左”倾路线被认为才是对整体利益的维护。而当大多数人的利益都受到不同程度的损害时,所谓“整体利益,就变成了一小撮人的特权。社会主义并不是部分人的专利,而是全人类解放的科学。一个国家的社会主义性质只能用每个社会成员的解放程度、自由发展的程度和富裕增长的程度来衡量,而不能用这个社会对自己的评价来判断”。 " ‘左’倾路线的二十余年,就是不断发起政治运动抑制矛盾、打击改革要求的过程。”是的,极“左”路线下固有的、一成不变的所有制,不可能随时调节生产力和生产关系的矛盾。大跃进。大锅饭。割资本主义尾巴。宁要 社会主义的草。商品经济是资本主义经济的代名词,计划经济是社会主义经济的代名词。践踏经济规律的结果,是经济规律迫使我们付出巨大的代价,然后还得按经济规律办事。<br />
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The "left" line was regarded as the maintenance of the overall interests. When the interests of most people were violated to varying degrees, the so-called "overall interests become the privilege of a small group of people. Socialism is not the privilege of some people, but the science of liberation for all mankind. The socialist nature of a country can only be measured by the degree of liberation, free development and wealth growth of each member of society, but can not be judged by the society's evaluation of itself." "The ‘left’ line for more than 20 years is the process of constantly launching political movements to curb contradictions and influence reform requirements." Yes, the inherent and unchangeable ownership under the "ultra-left" line can't adjust the contradiction between productivity and production relations at any time. The Great Leap Forward. Eating food prepared in a large canteen. Ending speculation. The grass of socialism is better than the seedlings of capitalism. Commodity economy is synonymous with capitalist economy, and planned economy is synonymous with socialist economy. The result of violating the laws of economics is that the laws of economics force us to pay a huge price, and then we have to act according to the laws of economics.<br />
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我登上西安城南大雁塔64米高的顶层向下望去,便想起白居易的诗:“百千家似围棋局,十二街如种菜畦。”从大雁塔通往西安车站的十里长街如同一条直线,很像围棋盘上的棋格。西安的街道使人联想到规规矩矩的单向思维。大雁塔下的景致使人感到单调和缺憾。当年玄奘从印度带回657部梵文经典,就在此地译经十载。公元648年,唐太宗为玄奘所译诸经写总序。唐太宗实行均田制、租庸调法等经济改革,发展外贸和文化交流,乃至把文成公主嫁给吐蕃王松赞十布等,终于出现盛唐局面。盛唐的长安与上百个国家和地区交往。满载丝绸的商队从长安出发,路经中亚、南亚、西亚,直抵欧洲。丝绸之路沿线的古城楼兰,人称“沙漠中的庞贝城”,是商品集散地和中转贸易站。<br />
<br />
When I climbed the 64-meter-high Giant Wild Goose Pagoda in the south of Xi'an, stood on the top floor and looked down, I remembered Bai Juyi's poem: "The distribution of hundreds and thousands of houses in Chang'an is like the board of Go, and the twelve streets separate the city, which is like same vegetable plots." The ten-li long street from the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda to Xi'an Station is like a straight line, which is much like the chess grid on the Go board. The streets of Xi'an reminds me of vertical thinking. The scenery under the pagoda makes people feel monotonous and regrettable. Xuanzang brought back 657 Sanskrit classics from India and translated them here for ten years. In 648 AD, Emperor Taizong of Tang wrote a general preface to the classics translated by Xuanzang. Emperor Taizong carried out economic reforms such as equal-field system and Zu Yong Diao, developed foreign trade and cultural exchanges, and even married Princess Wencheng to the Tibetan king Songtsen Gampo, which finally led to the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Chang'an in the prosperous Tang Dynasty communicated with hundreds of countries and regions. The caravan loaded with silk set off from Chang'an, passed through Central Asia, South Asia, West Asia, and reached Europe. Loulan, an ancient city along the Silk Road, was called "Pompeii in the Desert" and was a commodity distribution center and transit trading station.<br />
<br />
唐朝经济的发达,和思想文化的发达是对称的。中国人从小就背《唐诗三百首》,历来都研究唐代文学,可惜太少研究唐代经济。儒家传统主张以德治国,有没有经济一样治国。但是就算10亿人都能背下《唐诗三百首》,也依然不能在这个世上立足的。<br />
<br />
The development of economy in Tang Dynasty coincided with the development of ideology and culture. Chinese people recite the Three Hundred Tang Poems from an early age, and have always studied Tang Dynasty literature, but it’s a pity that they seldom study Tang Dynasty economy. Confucian traditions advocate governing the country by virtue, and the country can be governed whether there is economy or not. But even if 1 billion people can recite these poems, this country still can't establish itself in this world.<br />
<br />
1300多年过去了,解放30多年了。人们向我介绍西安,不是讲兵马俑,就是讲李白醉卧长安,再不背诵谪仙人的诗:“长安一片月,万户捣衣声。”这使我想起老年人,老人的心态是喜欢回忆过去。<br />
<br />
More than 1300 years have passed and more than 30 years have passed since liberation. When People introduce Xi'an to me, they either talk about the terracotta army or Li Bai lying drunk in Chang'an, or recite the poem of Li Bai: "The bright moonlight shines on the city of Chang'an, and the sound of pounding clothes can be heard from thousands of homes." This reminds me of the old people, whose mentality is to like to recall the past.<br />
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今天的西安即使不和发达国家做横向比较,即使只是自己和自己比,变化是不是也太小了一点?有人对我说:西安地下的比地上的好看。这天我走进城郊一家饭馆,满地的碎骨头剩菜!油垢的饭桌,污浊的塑料酒杯,发黑的香肠和发干的松花蛋。如果唐代的诗人墨客到此一游,恐怕会拂袖而去吧。李白大约会仰天长啸:吃饭难,难于上青天!不过20世纪80年代的顾客们,习惯地熟练地在这里痛饮饱食。而我觉得难以下咽。更何况跳蚤像小人一样在对我进行防不胜防的袭击。我应该入乡随俗?我应该改造自己的思想,改造自己的脾胃?不,我不想去适应这些今天不应有的落后的、不文明的一切。中国人不应该在80年代的今天还坐在碎骨头剩菜间吃黑香肠。我们必须改造这样的饭馆,使之适应更文明的需求,而不是让我们去适应它。<br />
<br />
Even if today's Xi'an is not compared with developed countries horizontally, but is only compared with itself, is the change too small? Someone said to me: Xi'an underground is better than it on the ground. On this day, I walked into a restaurant in the suburbs, and there were broken bones and leftovers all over the ground! Greasy dining tables, dirty plastic wine glasses, blackened sausages and dry century eggs. If the poets of Tang Dynasty visited here, I'm afraid they would leave. Li Bai will probably face upwards and shout: The way to eat delicious food is as hard as the blue sky to scale! However, customers in 1980s used to drink and eat here skillfully. But I find it hard to swallow. What's more, It’s impossible for me to guard against fleas attacking me like villains. I should do as the Romans do? I should have thought reform and adjust my stomach? No, I don't want to adapt to these backward and uncivilized things that shouldn't be there today. Chinese people shouldn't sit between broken bones and leftovers and eat blackened sausages today in the 1980s. We must transform such restaurants to meet the needs of a more civilized society, not let us adapt to it.<br />
<br />
党治国在他的经济论文中写道:“当社会不是从基本的经济事实出发,而是从原则和原理出发,动员思想的、政治的和法律的力量同客观经济规律进行斗争的时 候（‘十年动乱’就是这样典型的时期）,社会付出巨额的经济代价,得到的却是败坏的社会风气和死气沉沉的萧条景象。”<br />
<br />
In his economic paper, Dang wrote: "When the society starts from principles and principles instead of basic economic facts, to mobilize ideological, political and legal forces to fight against objective economic laws ('The Cultural Revolution' is such a typical period), the society pays a huge economic price, but gets bad social climate and depression."<br />
<br />
头脑此心脏重要<br />
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The Mind is More Important Than the Heart<br />
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1975年,邓小平同志出来工作了。在押犯党治国感到好像自己刑满释放ー样的高兴。他觉得这下自己的思想轨迹能合上中央政策的轨迹了。本来嘛,无产阶级夺取政权以后,发展生产力就是无产阶级的根本利益所在。国家的转机来了,他党治国的转机就会来。他把他的希望全部系于小平同志的身上。<br />
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In 1975, Comrade Deng Xiaoping came out to work. The prisoner Dang Zhiguo felt as happy as if he was released from prison. He felt that his ideological track could be close to the track of the central policy. After all, after the proletariat seized political power, it is the fundamental interest of the proletariat to develop productivity. When the turning point of the country comes, the turning point of him will also come. He pinned all his hopes on Comrade Xiaoping.<br />
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但是他等到的却是批邓。<br />
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But what he waited for was to criticize Deng.<br />
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他的头发一下子全白了,稀疏了。<br />
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His hair suddenly turned white and thinned.<br />
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他这个铁铮铮的黑大汉,一下变成了老汉。以前不管在游街时,在监狱中,他的心里经常回荡着他最喜爱的《斗牛士之歌》的旋律。可是从此他再也想不起他那斗牛英雄了,他只记得伏尔加船夫曲了 :唉嗨哟,唉嗨哟……<br />
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He, an unyielding man with dark skin, suddenly became an old man. In the past, whether in the streets or in prison, his heart often echoed with the melody of his favorite "Toreador Song". But he never remembered his bullfighting hero again. He only remembered the "Song of the Volga Boatmen": Ay-da, da, ay-da...<br />
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他并不怕死,准确地说,他最不怕的就是死。但他怕绝望,尤其怕从希望的顶峰突然掉进绝望的深渊。<br />
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He was not afraid of death. To be precise, he feared death the least. But he was afraid of despair, especially falling suddenly from the peak of hope into the abyss of despair.<br />
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社会上大批右倾翻案风,监狱里党治国首当其冲。一个彻底绝望的人,就是一个可怕的人。你们不是要批我翻案复辟吗?好,他自己带头批自己一他不仅要复辟资本主义,而且要复辟封建主义,而且复辟原始共产主义。他从头坏到脚,从脚烂到头。<br />
<br />
In the society, there was the Counterattacking the Right-Deviationist Reversal-of-Verdicts Trend, and Dang bore the brunt in the prison. A completely desperate person is a terrible person. Aren't you going to criticize me for reversing my verdict? Well, he himself took the lead in criticizing himself—he wanted to restore not only capitalism, but also feudalism and primitive communism. He became evil.<br />
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他实在没有生之留恋了。<br />
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There was no love left for him.<br />
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他本来就不重视他这个躯体的物质存在。1967年西安武斗,有一天他把两手插进大衣口袋,大模大样地走向射击密集地。他当时只不过产生了一个奇怪的想法:人中了枪弹是什么感觉?事后想来,那三四十米的射击区里,只他一个人在做死亡游戏,实在也觉得后怕了——不是怕死,是怕死得没意义。<br />
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He didn't pay attention to the material existence of his body. During the violent struggle in Xi'an in 1967, one day, he put his hands in his coat pockets and marched towards an area with intense fire. At that time, he just had a strange idea: What does it feel like to be shot? In hindsight, in the shooting area of 30-40 meters, only he was playing the game of death, and he had a lingering fear—he was not afraid of death, but of meaningless death.<br />
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1968年他在牛棚里给吊打得晕死过去。迷迷糊糊中,听到有人在说:“把党治国打死了也没关系。他死了更好,少了一个反革命。”不,他可不能这么不清不白地死去!<br />
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In 1968, he passed out after he was beaten in the cowshed. In a daze, Ihe heard someone saying, "It doesn't matter if he is killed. It is better if he dies, because a person who is against revolution disappear." No, he can't die in unclear circumstances!<br />
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1970年铜川市把他判了死刑上报省里,省里那次共有七个死刑犯的名单。但据说这一批只枪毙四个,党治国的名字是第五个。又活了过来。打“右派”有指标,抓“现行反革命”有指标,枪毙人有指标。那就是说,不是因为你有罪才杀你,而是因为要杀你才有罪。<br />
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In 1970, Tongchuan City sentenced him to death and reported it to the province, where there were seven prisoners on death row. However, it is said that only four prisoners were shot in this batch, and Dang Zhiguo was the fifth. So he was still alive. There were quotas for fighting against the "rightists", catching anyone who opposed or resisted a revolution after the liberation movement and shooting people. That is to say, it is not because you are guilty that you are killed, but because you are to be killed that you are guilty. <br />
<br />
前四个人当时都给枪毙了,后来都给平反了。如果将来科学发达了,平反的人都能复活就好了。不过这四个人已被打得脑浆迸裂,怕是怎么也复活不了啦。<br />
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The first four people were shot at that time, and then they were rehabilitated politically. If only all the rehabilitated people would be resurrected when technology develops in the future. However, these four people have been beaten their brains out, so they will not be resurrected no matter what approach was taken.<br />
<br />
党治国听到前四名死刑犯的命运后,不寒而栗。现代医学认为判断ー个人是否死亡,首先是看脑子,而不是心脏。头脑比心脏重要。人要是不能思索,不让思索,那就活像是精神的殉葬。西安郊区的前朝古墓里,当初有多少宫女殉葬,多少工匠被活埋!不过秦朝已经比过去进化了,用大量的“俑殉”代替大量的人殉。秦始皇墓附近有三个兵马俑坑。光是一号坑,就有6000件陶俑、陶马,将军俑、武官俑、战袍俑、铠甲俑、跪射俑、立射俑等等。武士俑排成38路纵队,保护着秦始皇的僵尸,保护着僵硬的封建体系。<br />
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Dang Zhiguo trembled when he heard the fate of the first four prisoners on death row. Modern medicine believes that to judge whether a person dies or not, the first thing to do is to look at the brain, not the heart. The mind is more important than the heart. If people can't think and are not allowed to think, it's like spiritual burial. In the ancient mausoleums of former dynasties in the suburbs of Xi'an, how many maids and craftsmen were buried alive! However, the Qin Dynasty has evolved compared with the past, replacing a large number of people with a large number of figurines. There are three pits of terracotta warriors near the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang. In Pit No.1 alone, there are 6,000 pottery figurines, pottery horses, general figurines, military attaché figurines, warrior figurines in battle robes and armor, kneeling figurines, figurines whose posture is shooting and so on. The warrior figurines formed 38 columns to protect the dead body of Qin Shi Huang and the rigid feudal system.<br />
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兵马俑馆的侧,停放着一大溜前来参观者乘坐的汽车。汽车的式样是五花 八门的,汽车的产地却只有一个——日本。偌大的兵马俑馆天天吸引着成千成千的参观者。每天有一千多外宾。香港报纸说里根拍中国马屁,因为里根摸了一下陶马的屁股。法国总理希拉克说世界有七大奇迹,秦俑的发现可以说是八大奇迹了。不过,发掘违反经济规律的教训比发掘古迹更紧迫。较之馆内的兵马俑,馆外的奇迹更给我以强大的刺激——一字长蛇阵地摆着的日产汽车,强化了的日本经济发展的奇迹。<br />
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On the side of the Terracotta Warriors Museum, there were many cars on which visitors sat before. The styles of cars were varied, but the origin of cars was only one—Japan. The huge Terracotta Warriors Museum attracts thousands of visitors every day. There are more than 1,000 foreign guests every day. Hong Kong newspapers said that Reagan kissed China's ass because Reagan touched the pottery horse's ass. French Prime Minister Jacques Chirac said that there are seven wonders in the world, and the discovery of Qin figurines can be said to be the eighth one. However, it is more urgent to discover the lessons of violating economic laws than to discover historical sites. Compared with the Terracotta Warriors inside the museum, the miracle outside the museum gives me a powerful stimulus. Cars made in Japan were placed in a long array, which strengthened the miracle of Japanese economic development.<br />
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经济发展和政治民主是互为作用的。体制的生命力在于自身有新陈代谢的功能,自身能不断选择和更迭各个层次的领导者,自身能不断调整和更新生产关系。党治国写道:“社会主义的扩大再生产还应扩大再生产出社会主义的生产关系。”是的,我们不仅要生产出更多的工农业产品,我们首先要生产出更科学、更合理的生产关系。<br />
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Economic development and political democracy interact with each other. The vitality of the system lies in its metabolism function, its ability to constantly choose and change leaders at all levels, and its ability to constantly adjust and update production relations. Dang wrote: "The expanded reproduction of socialism should also expand and reproduce socialist relations of production." Yes, we should not only produce more industrial and agricultural products, but we should first produce more scientific and reasonable relations of production.<br />
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生——产——关——系?<br />
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Production relations?<br />
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文凭可以补发,思维不能重复<br />
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Diplomas Can be Reissued, But Thinking Cannot be Repeated<br />
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活着的头脑是不能停止思索的。1978年召开全国科学大会的前夕,党治国在监狱里提出他也要向科学大会献礼。他在狱中写了《凿岩机最佳轴推力的研究》和《评皆吉斯朵夫的风钻轴推力公式》等论文,搞了水玻璃泮火机、锉盘的复活技术、自动淬水筛等好几项革新。1980年他一出狱,浮肿着脸就到处搞科技资料,四方出击地发表了关于热处理、轴承、电炉和风动工具等十来篇论文。<br />
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A living mind can't stop thinking. Before the National Science Conference was held in 1978, Dang proposed in prison that he would also present gifts to the conference. In prison, he wrote papers such as Research on Optimal Shaft Thrust of Drilling Machine and Comment on Detistikov's Drilling Machine Shaft Thrust Formula, and made several innovations such as sodium metasilicate quenching machine, revival technology of files, and automatic dewatering screen. When he was released from prison in 1980, he searched scientific and technological materials everywhere with a swollen face, and published a dozen papers on heat treatment, bearings, electric furnaces and pneumatic tools.<br />
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1984年底他调到西安市民用煤研究所工作。他这个清华大学水利系学生进入“右派”生涯后,有10年就是在煤矿里打风钻（即凿岩机）。当初风钻没有支架, 往高处打洞时,党治国本可以搬个随便什么物件,站上去打。但他嫌费事。他总是急急地想多干活。他一见活就着急。他举起60斤重的风钻顶在头上打洞,他那大高个子就是一个活动支架。不过风钻开动时那每分钟震动1800次带来的噪音,整整伤害了他10年。为什么还要听任这种伤人的声波在矿里继续肆虐?！<br />
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At the end of 1984, he was transferred to Xi'an Civil Coal Research Institute. After he, a water conservancy student in Tsinghua University, was recognized as a "rightist", he spent 10 years using drilling machine in coal mines. At the beginning, the drills had no supports, and when holes were drilled in high places, Dang could have moved anything and stood up to drill. But he thought it too troublesome. He was always in a hurry to work more. He was anxious when he had work to do. He lifted a 30-kilogram drilling machine top to make a hole in his head, and his tall figure was a movable bracket. But when the drill machine was turned on, it vibrated 1800 times every minute, which brought noises hurting him for 10 years. Why should he let this hurtful sound wave continue to spread out in the mine? !<br />
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党治国把气动凿岩机的设计图纸送到一些有条件生产的工厂。技术人员一看就明白,可是领导们说:这只不过是图纸,没有样机来证明。<br />
<br />
Dang sent the design drawings of rotary pneumatic rock drills to some factories with conditions for production. Technicians can understand them when they see them, but leaders said: This is just a drawing, and there is no prototype to prove it.<br />
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可是,党治国是测试过数据,证实了原理的。<br />
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However, Dang had tested the data and confirmed the principle.<br />
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可是,连风钻的使用单位也不想关心这种新型风钻的产生,因为制造和他们无关。<br />
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However, even the users of pneumatic drills did not want to care about the production of this new type of pneumatic drills, because manufacturing had nothing to do with them.<br />
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正儿八经搞制造的工厂,一想生产新机器要投资新设备,投资本身就带有冒险性质。冒险的事不干。<br />
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Factories that were seriously engaged in manufacturing thought that they had to invest in new equipment if they wanted to produce new machines, and investment itself was risky. Employees in these factories didn’t want to take risks.<br />
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洛阳有个厂或许有可能生产。党治国用上他四年没用的探亲假赶去了,住在洛阳一个旅馆里,每天的伙食是四个烧饼。这每天四个烧饼,引起了同屋一个人的注意。他是江苏泰兴一个乡办厂的负责人。乡镇企业有自主权,有变革自己落后面貌的愿望,有靠开发新产品闯出路子的需要。他先是为党治国的四个烧饼所感动,后是为党治国的凿岩机所打动,决定把这个项目带回江苏去搞。<br />
<br />
There was a factory in Luoyang that may produce it. Dang took his parental leave that he didn’t use for four years to go there, and stayed in a hotel in Luoyang. The daily food was four baked wheat cakes. These four baked wheat cakes every day attracted the attention of one of Dang’s roommates. He was the person in charge of setting up a factory in Taixing, Jiangsu Province. Township enterprises had ownership, had the desire to change their backward appearance, and the need to find a way out by developing new products. He was first moved by Dang’s four baked wheat cakes, and then moved by the rock drills of Dang, so he decided to bring this project back to Jiangsu.<br />
<br />
小厂很有积极性,当下投进两三万元的资金。但是,这么一个突破传统结构的凿岩机,让一个乡办小厂搞,从资金到人力,都难以继续下去。具有研制能力的大单位,又不想列入计划。那么,党治国自己集资?<br />
<br />
The small factory was very motivated, and 20,000 yuan to 30,000 yuan were invested. However, it was difficult for a small township-run factory to continue from capital to manpower, with such a rock drill that broke through the traditional structure. Large units with research and development capabilities did not want to be included in the plan. So, Dang raised funds by himself?<br />
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清华大学的教授们,黄万里已经寄来了100元,钱伟长就要寄钱来了……<br />
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Professors from Tsinghua University like Huang Wanli had already sent 100 yuan, and Qian Weichang was going to send money...<br />
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中国几十年来割资本主义尾巴,近几年小心翼翼地提出一部分人先富起来。党治国哪里去找这些先富起来的人?党治国怎么能筹集这上万上万的资金?<br />
<br />
China had been cutting off the tail of capitalism for decades, and in recent years it has carefully proposed that some people get rich first. Where can Dang find these people who get rich first? How can he raise tens of thousands of funds?<br />
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他原先以为出了监狱就是解放了。1980年他是被提前释放的。如果按原判20年的话,他本应服刑到1990年。既然对他是错判,那么能不能还他时间呢?<br />
<br />
He thought he was liberated when he left prison. He was released early in 1980. According to original trial, he would have served his sentence until 1990. Since he was wrongly judged, can his time be given back?<br />
<br />
当然这是幻想。清队时有个人分不清“幻”字和“幼”字,以为只是意思相通读音不同。每每在对党治国们训话时,用上他以为很有学问的话:“一切幻想都是幼想! 一切幼想都是幻想!”一个“党治国专案组”五个人一年就得花一万多元钱,应该有人做个社会调查——全国有过多少专案组、调查组,用了多少人力,用了多少金钱,解决了多少问题,制造了多少冤案。侵犯的人权,要不要追究法律责任?浪费的金钱,要不要承担经济损失?<br />
<br />
Of course, this was a fantasy. During the period of cleansing the class ranks, there was a man who couldn't tell the difference between the word "幻" (fantasy) and the word "幼" (young), thinking that they had the same meaning but different pronunciation. Every time he lectured Dang and others, he said what he thought was very learned: "All fantasies are young! All young thoughts are fantasies!" Five people in a "task force for Dang Zhiguo" had to spend more than 10,000 yuan a year. Someone should make a social survey on how many task forces and investigation teams have been in the country, how many manpower and money have been used, how many problems have been solved and how many unjust cases have been created. Do you want to pursue legal responsibility for violated human rights? Do you want to bear economic losses for wasted money?<br />
<br />
不该查不该调的内查外调所花的巨额投资如果用来开发新产品,那么开发的岂止是产品,还有是积极性,是人!<br />
<br />
If the huge investment spent on unnecessary investigation was used to develop new products, then not only products, but also enthusiasm and people will be more!<br />
<br />
为了个人的利害关系用公家的钱去整人,是不会心疼钱的;为了企业的发展多揽一件事,又何必找这个麻烦?企业搞不搞新产品,于个人有什么利益?<br />
<br />
For the sake of personal interests, it is not distressing to use government money to trick people. In order to take one more thing for the development of the enterprise, why bother? Whether an enterprise engages in new products or not, what benefits does it have for individuals?<br />
<br />
我站在秦陵二号铜车马跟前,不胜感慨! 2000多年前就有这样的工艺水平! 一共3000多个部件,根据铸件性能的不同,采用不同的合金比例,青铜的冶铸技术和现在基本相仿,机械连接采用的是现在仍在广泛使用的键连接、饺链连接等等。马身上装配的金当卢、金银泡等饰件和用具就有2500多件。铜车马在地下埋了2000多年了,至今链条非常灵活,车的门窗开关自如！<br />
<br />
I stood in front of the bronze chariots and horses of Qin Mausoleum No.2, and I was overwhelmed with emotion! There was such a technological level more than 2000 years ago! There were more than 3,000 parts in total. According to the different casting properties, different alloy ratios were adopted. The smelting and casting technology of bronze was basically similar to that of now. The mechanical connection adopted key joint, pilot pin joint and so on, which are still widely used now. There were more than 2,500 pieces of ornaments and utensils such as gold masks and gold and silver bubbles assembled on horses. Bronze chariots and horses have been buried underground for more than 2000 years. Up to now, the chain is very flexible, and the doors and windows of the car can be opened and closed freely!<br />
<br />
我们的先人在公元前就有这样的科学技术水平,那么2000年后的今天,进展如何呢?<br />
<br />
Our ancestors had such a level of science and technology in BC, so what is the progress today after 2000 years?<br />
<br />
进展也好,不进展也好,反正照样拿工资。<br />
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Whether there is progress or not, people still get the money anyway.<br />
<br />
我打开清华大学第002150号毕业证书。证书上是一张像出土文物似的老人相片。不知是因为五十来岁的党治国照得比他实际年龄更老,还是因为他现在的相片放在大学毕业证书上实在不相称而愈加显老。50年代的清华大学水利系学生在80年代拿到了补发的毕业文凭。不过他已经不想把他的主要精力放在科技上了。<br />
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I opened the diploma No.002150 of Tsinghua University. On the certificate was a photo of an old man like an unearthed cultural relic. I didn't know whether it was because Dang in his fifties was taken older in the picture than his actual age, or because his current photo was out of proportion with his college diploma. Students in the water conservancy department of Tsinghua University in the 1950s got a reissued diploma in the 1980s. But he didn't want to focus on technology anymore.<br />
<br />
文凭可以补发,思维不能重复。他积几十年之教训,感到首先要面对的是——生产关系。<br />
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Diploma can be reissued, but thinking cannot be repeated. After decades of lessons, he felt that the first thing he had to face was production relations.<br />
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没有主人的企业<br />
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Enterprises Without Owners<br />
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那些国营企业为什么不想创新产品、不想要人才?农村改革势如破竹,为什么到城市以后改革就步履维艰?乡镇企业拳打脚踢,生气勃勃,国营企业为什么缺乏活力?原因是什么?症结在哪里?<br />
<br />
Why didn't those state-owned enterprises want innovative products and talents? Rural reform was in full swing. Why was it difficult to reform in cities? Why did state-owned enterprises lack vitality when township enterprises were full of vigor? What was the reason? Where is the crux?<br />
<br />
党治国的回答是:“企业中没有真正的主人。”<br />
<br />
The answer of Dang was: "There is no real owner in the enterprise."<br />
<br />
工人不是企业的主人吗?解放初,我们就宣传工人当家做了主。三十多年过去了,难道还没成为企业的主人?“三十多年来一直对国营企业的职工进行主人翁思想教育这件事本身,恰恰证明国营企业职工不是企业的主人。”党治国写道,“一对年轻夫妇买了一台彩电,等不到走出商店的大门,对于这台彩电的主人翁思想,便像铁钉一样钉入了他们的脑海,根本用不着对他们进行主人翁思想的教育。”<br />
<br />
Aren't workers the owners of enterprises? At the beginning of liberation, we publicized that workers were the masters of the country. After more than 30 years, haven't they become the owner of the enterprise? "For more than 30 years, we have been educating the employees of state-owned enterprises about their ownership, which just proves that the employees of state-owned enterprises are not the owners of enterprises." Dang Zhiguo wrote, "After a young couple bought a color TV set, the ownership about this TV will be nailed into their minds before they get out of the door of the store. And there is no need to educate them how to be the owner of it."<br />
<br />
我们不是承认思想是第二性的吗?那么,主人翁思想也应该是被物质存在决定的オ对。党治国的思考方向带有科学性。<br />
<br />
Don't we admit that conscious experience is based in physical processes? Then, ownership should also be determined by material existence. The thinking direction of Dang is scientific.<br />
<br />
我们常常可以看到这种场面:一个工厂突然停电了,或者是机器坏了,工人们喜形于色,奔走相告。因为既可以早回家,又算是出勤了,工资照发。企业的亏损或盈利和职工的利益没有多大关系。群众不能多得,但是可以少劳。职工对企业的冷漠态度,不过是企业所有制关系在职工意识中的反映。<br />
<br />
We can often see such scenes: a factory suddenly went out of power, or the machine broke down, and the workers were jubilant and rushed to tell each other. Because they can go home early and they also punch in, so they can still gain salary. The loss or profit of an enterprise has little to do with the interests of employees. The masses can't get more, but they can work less. The indifferent attitude of employees towards enterprises is only a reflection of the sense of ownership of enterprises.<br />
<br />
企业的领导是不是主人?当然我们有很多优秀的领导,但是为什么报纸上经常有这样的披露:<br />
<br />
Is the leader of an enterprise the master? Of course, we have many excellent leaders, but why do newspapers often disclose this:<br />
<br />
“新华社长春7月21日电:吉林铁合金厂9名厂级干部在不到两年的时间里, 平均每人晋升5.28级,其中最高的长了7.5级;1984年,每人平均得奖金1770多元,是职エ奖金的4.4倍。”（1985年7月22日《西安晚报》）<br />
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"Changchun/July 21/Xinhua News Agency: In less than two years, nine factory-level cadres of Jilin Ferroalloy Factory were promoted by an average of 5.28 levels, of which the highest was 7.5 levels; In 1984, each person received an average bonus of more than 1,770 yuan, which was 4.4 times the employee bonus." (Xi'an Evening News, July 22, 1985)<br />
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“鞍钢钢铁研究所联合实验厂三名领导干部‘以官论奖’,乱分奖金现象严重。 他们在不到九个月的时间里,每人平均分得奖金8600余元,相当于工人奖金的19倍,在职工中造成恶劣影响。”（1985年8月6日《工人日报》）<br />
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"Three leading cadres in the joint experimental factory of Angang Iron and Steel Research Institute 'give awards according to seniority', and the phenomenon of randomly dividing bonuses is serious. In less than nine months, each of them received an average bonus of more than 8,600 yuan, which is equivalent to 19 times of the employee bonus, causing bad influence on employees." (Workers' Daily, August 6, 1985)<br />
<br />
“这类国营企业的领导人,他们作风上的损害国家及职工利益以自肥,和工作上的极端不负责任,说明他们也不是企业的主人。”<br />
<br />
"The leaders of such state-owned enterprises, whose style of work is harmful to the interests of the state and employees, and they are extremely irresponsible for their work, which shows that they are not the owners of the enterprises."<br />
<br />
“主人不盗窃自己的财产。”党治国一语道破了问题的实质。<br />
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"The owner does not steal his own property." Dang's words reveal the essence of the problem.<br />
<br />
他进一步论证说:“主人就是人格化的所有权。作为企业的主人,他个人的利益和命运应该同企业的兴衰和前途是息息相关的。他在企业中的利益,绝不是一个可以忽略的量。例如对于一个拥有1000万元资金和1000名职工的企业来说, 每个职工推动的生产资金为1万元。而如果每个职工仅仅以社会全体成员之一, 也就是说作为我国10亿人口之一的身份享有对企业的所有权,那么企业的资产对于每个职工来说就只有0.01元。企业的倒闭只使职工个人损失1分钱,又怎么能期望每个职工把企业的存亡当作自己性命攸关的事情呢?”<br />
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He further argued: "Owner is personalized ownership. As the owner of an enterprise, his personal interests and destiny should be closely related to the rise and fall and future of the enterprise. His interests in the enterprise are by no means negligible. For example, for an enterprise with 10 million yuan capital and 1,000 employees, the production capital promoted by each employee is 10,000 yuan. And if each employee only enjoys the ownership of the enterprise as one of all members of society, that is to say, as one of China's 1 billion people, then the assets of the enterprise are only 0.01 yuan for each employee. The collapse of the enterprise only makes the individual lose 1 cent. So how can we expect each employee to regard the survival of the enterprise as a matter of vital importance?"<br />
<br />
当一个人对于企业财产拥有的数量,足以影响他的生存并决定他的贫富的时候,他方才称得上企业的真正主人,而不仅仅是观念上的主人。主人的权利表现在参与企业的决策和管理的权利;在企业按劳动参加分配的权利;按对企业财产占有量参加利润分配的权利。<br />
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When the amount of property owned by an individual is enough to affect his survival and determine his wealth, he can be called the real owner of the enterprise, not just the conceptual owner. The owner's right is manifested in the right to participate in the decision-making and management of the enterprise, in the right to participate in distribution according to labor in enterprises, and in the right to participate in profit distribution according to the possession of enterprise property.<br />
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农村实行联产承包责任制获得成功,有人便以为承包万能,在城市里也大搞承包。但“包字进城”并没有取得预想的结果。党治国找出了其中的原因。农民承包成功,关键是权利和义务的对等。超产固然使农民首先得利,歉产也使农民首先亏损。经营责任者没有责任能力（赔偿能力）,是国有企业严重存在而又难以解决的实际问题。有的厂长说,我给国家亏损了几十万。可有什么办法?把我这一百多斤交给孙二娘卖人肉包子,也卖不了几个钱嘛。<br />
<br />
When the implementation of the household responsibility system in rural areas was successful, some people thought that the system was omnipotent, so they also introduced it in cities. However, it did not achieve the expected results. Dang found the reason. The key to the success of farmers' household responsibility system is the equivalence of rights and obligations. Although overproduction makes farmers benefit first, failure to produce also makes farmers lose first. It is a serious and difficult problem for state-owned enterprises to solve that those who are responsible for management have no responsibility ability (or compensation ability). Some factory directors said that they lost hundreds of thousands of yuan to the country. But what can they do? Let Sun Erniang make filling in buns with my flesh weighing over 100 jin to sell them, and she can't earn too much.<br />
<br />
没有责任能力的时候,就可能不负责任。好比叫一个3岁的小孩上街买彩电, 他在路上把钱丢了,你也无可奈何,因为小孩没有这个责任能力。<br />
<br />
When you have no ability to be responsible, you may be irresponsible. For example, if a 3-year-old child is asked to buy a color TV set, and he loses his money on the way, you have no alternative, because the child doesn't have the ability to be responsible.<br />
<br />
党治国把问题做了进一步的引申,说明国营企业缺乏持久的活力,是一个包括社会主义和资本主义国家在内的世界性问题。我们在理论上承认职工是企业的主人,却不知道主人的财产权究竟在哪里?主人,这是一个确切的经济事实,而不是一个思想概念。它确定职工在企业中的地位,使职工看到关系着自己的命运的可变的经济利益,唤起职工的负责精神!<br />
<br />
Dang extended the problem, which shows that the lack of lasting vitality of state-owned enterprises is a worldwide problem including socialist and capitalist countries. Theoretically, we admit that employees are the owner of the enterprise, but we don't know where the owner's property rights are. Owner is an exact economic fact, not an ideological concept. It determines the position of employees in the enterprise, makes employees see the variable economic interests related to their own destiny, and evokes the sense of responsibility of employees!<br />
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“走后门”和经济规律<br />
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Pulling Strings and Economic Laws<br />
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主人不在,后门洞开。<br />
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In the absence of the owner, the back door opened.<br />
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有些紧俏商品,例如名牌自行车,凭票证供应。票证本来是无价的,但是人们通过送礼、行贿从后门搞来的票证,就是有价的了。交换越发展,票证就越能得到它的充分价值。最后,一张票证甚至可卖到100来元。<br />
<br />
Some goods in short supply, such as brand-name bicycles, are supplied by coupons (a system imposed to control the production of food and to boost industrialization). Coupons are priceless, but coupons that people get by pulling strings and bribes are valuable. The more the exchange develops, the more the coupon can get its full value. Finally, a coupon can even be sold for about 100 yuan.<br />
<br />
名牌自行车的供销矛盾,本来可以通过调整价格来解决。如果原来值150元一辆,可以提高到200元、250元,提高到一定程度,供销就会趋向平衡。每辆自行车多卖的钱,就用来扩大名牌自行车的生产。<br />
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The contradiction between supply and marketing of famous brand bicycles could have been solved by adjusting the price. If the original price of 150 yuan can be raised to 200 yuan or 250 yuan, and the supply and marketing will tend to be balanced when the price is raised to a certain level. The extra money sold for each bicycle can be used to expand the production of famous brand bicycles.<br />
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但是我们却用票证来限制购买。结果是100元钱从前门送不进,只好从后门送给了私人。自行车的充分价格,通过曲折的道路实现了。<br />
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But we use coupons to restrict purchases. As a result, 100 yuan's money could not be sent in through the front door, so it had to be given to individuals through the back door privately. The full price of bicycles is raised through winding roads.<br />
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所以,经济规律不仅不以人们的意志为转移,反过来还要转移人们的意志。党治国发表了他的论文:《经济规律在行动中——论走后门是济经规律遇阻时发生作用的一种形式》。<br />
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Therefore, economic laws not only do not transfer people's will, but also transfer people's will in turn. Dang published his paper: "Economic laws are in action—pulling strings is a form of economic laws that work when they are limited".<br />
<br />
“走后门等不正之风不过是国家花巨款买来的社会祸害。它是经济规律遇阻时发生作用的一种形式,也是经济规律对于诸如‘物价稳定’‘等价交换’、否定地租规律等固定观念的惩罚。”“人们所能改变的,只是经济规律发生作用的形式,而不能改变经济规律本身。”<br />
<br />
"Dishonest practices such as pulling strings are just social scourges bought by the state with huge sums of money. It is a form of economic laws that work when they are limited, and also the punishment of economic laws for fixed concepts such as 'price stability', 'equivalent exchange' and denial of land rent law." "What people can change is only the form in which economic laws work, but not the economic laws themselves."<br />
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我走到西安的城墙下,城墙周长11.9公里,高12米,顶宽12至14米。真是 庞大的防御体系。给人安全感和封闭感。这是明朝朱元璋修建的:“高筑墙,广积粮,缓称王。”后来我们继承传统,提出了“深挖洞,广积粮,不称霸”。结果是即使称霸也未必具有威慑力量,至今吃饭还要粮票,西安市中心的地下防空洞改装成了低档的游乐场。洞内墙壁剥落,洞里传出粗重的迪斯科乐声。售票员姑娘在众目睽睽之下用廉价的化妆品细细地对着小镜子抹脸。好像她的工作不是售票,而是做化妆讲座。<br />
<br />
I walked under the city wall of Xi'an. The perimeter of the city wall was 11.9 kilometers, and it was 12 meters high and 12 to 14 meters wide. What a huge defense system, giving people a sense of security and isolation. This was built by Zhu Yuanzhang in the Ming Dynasty: "Build a high wall, accumulate more grain, and slowly become an emperor." Later, we inherited the tradition and put forward the idea of "digging deep holes, accumulating grain extensively, and not seeking hegemony". As a result, even hegemony may not have deterrent power. Up to now, food coupons were needed if you wanted to eat something, and the underground air-raid shelter in the center of Xi'an had been converted into a low-grade amusement park. The walls in the cave peeled off, and thick and heavy disco music came from the cave. The conductor girl applied cheap cosmetics carefully in front of the small mirror in full view of the public. It seemed that her job was not to sell tickets, but to give makeup lectures.<br />
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有什么样的经济基础,就会产生什么样的生活水准和精神素质。经济规律活动在我们的各个领域中。<br />
<br />
Different economic foundations will produce different living standards and spiritual quality. Economic laws are in our various fields.<br />
<br />
尤其突出地活动在住房问题中。我走进城郊党治国的家。屋顶是一根根劈开的树杆,有一根树干上写着一行字:“公元一九八五年金秋九月三日正午新屋上梁大吉。”自然是农民房了。这一间二十多平方米的房,如果在别处就得收月租35元到45元。但这里近处是铁道,噪音不断。窗后是煤厂的大煤堆。一年四季不敢开窗,免得刮一屋子煤灰,所以月租是25元。<br />
<br />
They are especially active in the housing problem. I walked into Dang’s home in a suburb. The roof was made of tree trunks, and a line was written on one trunk: "At noon on September 3rd in the golden autumn of 1985 AD, the new house is in good condition." Naturally, it was a rural house. If this room of more than 20 square meters were located elsewhere, it would have to be rented monthly from 35 yuan to 45 yuan. But there was a railway near here, so there was constant noise. Behind the window was a large coal pile in the coal plant. People dared not open windows all year round, so as to avoid coal ashes from falling in the whole room. So the monthly rent was 25 yuan.<br />
<br />
“这就是地租规律。”党治国对我说,“这是由供需关系决定的。不过住房商品化至今难以推行,总是有人反对吧。人的本能就是利益的本能。现在有些地方,盖房用了一年时间,分房倒用了两年时间。分房比盖房还难。因为违反了地租规律、经济规律。<br />
<br />
"This is the law of land rent." He said to me, "This is determined by the relationship between supply and demand. However, it is difficult to implement the commercialization of housing so far, and some people always oppose it. Human instinct is the instinct of interests. Nowadays, in some places, it takes one year to build houses, but it takes two years to distribute houses. It is more difficult to distribute houses than to build them. Because it violates the laws of land rent and the economy."<br />
<br />
“用行政手段分房,来代替经济规律平衡人口的分布,结果是人们将为之付出活动费和贿赂。这只不过是社会自愿放弃的房租的转化形式。贿赂的多少不是由特权者的贪欲或是行贿者的经济状况决定的,而是由地租规律及其受阻程度决定的。”<br />
<br />
"Using administrative means to distribute houses instead of economic laws to balance the distribution of population. As a result, people will pay activity fees and bribes for it. This is just a transformation form of rent voluntarily abandoned by society. Bribes are not determined by the greed of privileged people or the economic situation of bribers, but by the law of land rent and its degree of obstruction."<br />
<br />
我想起我走进党治国家之前,附近不少农民在盖房,自然又是商品房。我乘坐的那辆汽车差点和一辆运砖的马车相撞——太挤了。人。砖。水泥。木料。而这个盖房大竞赛的总指挥是:经济规律。<br />
<br />
I remembered that before I walked into Dang’s house, many farmers nearby were building houses, which were naturally commercial houses. The car I was in almost collided with a carriage carrying bricks—it was too crowded. People. Bricks. Cement. Wood. And the commander-in-chief of this big competition for building houses is: economic laws.<br />
<br />
思想的局限<br />
<br />
Limitations of Thought<br />
<br />
“两栖人”党治国在继续研制气动凿岩机的同时,又在经济理论的岩层上向更深的层次开凿:他的经济论文《论剪刀差》《经济规律在行动中一论走后门是经济规律受阻时发生作用的一种形式》《一个重要的经济规律——论基本分配规律》等一篇篇地发表了。不过都发在科技刊物上。这未必是经济规律受阻,而是学术空气受阻时发生作用的一种形式。<br />
<br />
While continuing to study rotary pneumatic rock drills, the "Amphibious Man" had dug deeper into the rock stratum of economic theory: his economic papers "On Scissors Difference", " Economic laws are in action—pulling strings is a form of economic laws that work when they are limited", "An Important Economic Law: On Basic Distribution Laws" and so on. They had been published one by one. But they were all published in scientific journals. This is not necessarily a form of action when the economic laws are limited, but a form of action when the academic atmosphere is blocked.<br />
<br />
党治国抓住了事物的根本——经济规律的指挥棒,他便能听清思想工作中的不和谐音了:<br />
<br />
When Dang grasped the baton of economic laws, which is the root of things, he can hear the dissonance in ideological work:<br />
<br />
公有制下的企业,只有在一定条件下,即革命胜利后革命政党和那些受到 革命鼓舞的群众还保持着革命热情和充满着革命理想那样一个黄金时代,才能正常运转和迅速发展。随着革命热情被利害的打算冷却,革命理想为日常的现实所冲淡,这些企业的弊病就出来了。<br />
<br />
Enterprises under public ownership can operate normally and develop rapidly only under certain conditions, that is, after the victory of the revolution, the revolutionary political parties and the masses encouraged by the revolution still maintain revolutionary enthusiasm and are full of revolutionary ideals, which is a golden age. As revolutionary enthusiasm is cooled by plans focusing on interests and revolutionary ideals are less strong because of daily reality, problems of these enterprises come out.<br />
<br />
我们曾经把共产主义简化为小生产者的平均主义,并且宣布是马上就可 以进入的“天堂”。当这种共产主义的幼稚幻想被残酷的事实粉碎后,又代之以“阶级斗争要搞一万年”的极度悲观的论调,并由此诱发出人整人,狂热。人们对一万年以后的共产主义无从稽考,所以光用共产主义的豪言壮语难以普遍地激发人们的热情了。<br />
<br />
We once simplified communism and regarded it as egalitarianism of small producers and declared it a "paradise" that can be entered immediately. When this naive fantasy of communism was shattered by cruel facts, it was replaced by the extremely pessimistic argument that "class conflict should last for ten thousand years", which induced the phenomenon that people trick people and fanaticism. There is no way for people to examine communism after 10,000 years, so it is difficult to arouse people's enthusiasm universally with the grandiloquence of communism alone.<br />
<br />
对于未来,我们更多谈及的,往往是多少产量、多少收入等等物质生活的 提高。很少论及我们的社会主义将有什么发展,我们的所有制、生产方式、分配关系、政治制度、家庭结构、人际关系、思想观念,到时候是什么样子。<br />
<br />
For the future, we often talk more about the improvement of material life, such as output, income and so on. Very little is said about the development of our socialism, and what our ownership, mode of production, distribution relations, political system, family structure, interpersonal relationships and ideas will look like in the days to come.<br />
<br />
当我们常常用未来物质生活如何丰富的数字来充塞人们的头脑时,又怎 能希望只用思想和劝善来填补精神的匮乏呢!<br />
<br />
When we often fill people's minds with figures of how rich material life will be in the future, how can we hope to fill the lack of spirit only by using thoughts and encouraging people to do good?<br />
<br />
现在常常听到责备人们“向钱看”。权利和义务是不可分的。权利超过 义务,就会不负责任,以权谋私;义务超过权利,人们就会推卸责任而变得冷漠,并变着法弥补自己被忽略的利益。这两类表现,可以归之于“觉悟不高”或“思想落后”吧。不过这种道义上的谴责和政治上的批评并不能解决根本问题。撤销职务和法律惩处虽然儆戒未来,却无助于弥补已经造成的经济损失。何况被撤掉的职务本来就不属于被撤职者自己。<br />
<br />
Nowadays, people are often blamed for "looking at money". Rights and obligations are inseparable. If rights exceed obligations, people will be irresponsible and abuse power for personal gain; When obligations exceed rights, people will shirk their responsibilities, become indifferent, and rack their brains to make up for their neglected interests. These two kinds of manifestations can be attributed to "low consciousness" or "regressive ideas". However, this moral condemnation and political criticism cannot solve the fundamental problem. Although dismissal and legal punishment are an example to the future, they will not help to make up for the economic losses already caused. What's more, the removed position does not belong to the removed person himself.<br />
<br />
主人公的责任感,说到底,首先不是一种思想问题,而是一个所有权的问 题。只有当每个社会成员清楚地感受到社会主义所有制对自己究竟意味着什么,才会真正关心社会主义经济的现状和未来,才会真正以主人的身份行使自己的支配权、劳动权和分配权。<br />
<br />
In the final analysis, the owner's sense of responsibility is not a matter of thought, but a matter of ownership. Only when every member of society clearly feels what socialist ownership means to himself, will he really care about the present situation and future of socialist economy, and will he truly exercise his right to dominate, work and distribute as an owner.<br />
<br />
在这种情况下,反复对人们进行主人翁思想教育,将只会使他们感到诧 异。如同你在路上突然被人拉住,向你宣传你要对自己的身体倍加爱护一样。既然人们事实上是社会的主人,并且每个人无一例外地从主人的地位中得到了实际的利益,他们自然而且必然会关心生产资料的正确支配和合理使用,把社会主义事业的发展看作与自己性命攸关的事情。<br />
<br />
In this case, it will only surprise people to repeatedly educate them about being owners. It's like being suddenly pulled by someone on the road, who tell you that you should take more care of your body. Since people are in fact the owners of society, and everyone without exception gets actual benefits from their status as owners, they will naturally and inevitably care about the correct control and rational use of the means of production, and regard the development of the socialist cause as a matter of vital importance to their own lives.<br />
<br />
不能把共产主义这一具有鲜明时代特征的科学等同于自古以来就有的舍 己为人、公而忘私乃至降格到积德行善的水平。原始公社时期那种“不独亲其亲,不独子其子”的人际关系,并不是思想觉悟的表现,而是由生产资料公有制的关系决定的。共产主义不是一种孤立的品质,而是一种标志着一个社会发展阶段的生产关系、社会关系的科学。这就如同卖菜时很会算账的同志未必懂得高等数学ー样。<br />
<br />
Communism, a science with distinctive characteristics of the times, cannot be equated with self-sacrifice, devoted to public interests as to forget one’s own interests, or even degraded to the level of accumulating virtues and doing good deeds since ancient times. In the primitive commune period, the interpersonal relationship—People don't just think of their relatives as their relatives, and they don't just think of their children as their children—was not a manifestation of ideological consciousness, but determined by the relationship of public ownership of the means of production. Communism is not an isolated quality, but a science that marks the relations of production and social relations in a stage of social development. This is just like comrades who are good at settling accounts when selling vegetables may not know advanced mathematics.<br />
<br />
理想和热情必须从科学社会主义的经济基础上产生出来,不可能附着在 过时的体制上。列宁说:“依靠信念、忠诚和其他优秀的精神品质,这在政治上是完全不严肃的。”这里还要加上一句:这在经济上也是完全不严肃的。<br />
<br />
Ideals and passions must emerge from the economic foundation of scientific socialism, and cannot be attached to outdated systems. Lenin said: "Relying on faith, loyalty and other excellent spiritual qualities is completely not serious in politics." Besides, it is also not economically serious at all.<br />
<br />
这里丝毫不包含轻视思想的作用,而是说观念是和利益连接在ー起的。马克思说,精神从一开始就很倒霉,注定要受物质的纠缠。离开了具体的物质利益,单纯靠思想工作来解决所有问题是不现实的。<br />
<br />
There is no contempt for the role of ideas here, but the meaning is that ideas are connected with interests. Marx said that the spirit is unlucky from the beginning, and is destined to be entangled by material. Without concrete material interests, it is unrealistic to solve all problems simply by ideological work.<br />
<br />
党治国企图说明和坚持的,是意识由存在来决定的唯物主义基本原理。<br />
<br />
What Dang attempts to explain and adhere to is the basic principle of materialism that consciousness is determined by existence.<br />
<br />
经济一团糟的经济理论家<br />
<br />
An Economic Theorist Without Money<br />
<br />
党治国对社会主义所有制关系的研究,主张要严格区别公有和共有这两个概念。马克思、恩格斯在《共产党宣言》中强调:“在发展进程中,当阶级差别已经消失而全部生产集中在联合起来的个人的手里的时候,公众的权利就失去政治的性质。”党治国由此认为,科学社会主义所有制,是“联合起来的个人”的所有制,即共有制。社会主义共有制是社会主义公有制的必要准备。社会主义公有制是社会主义共有制的必然趋势。公有不能量化,共有可以量化到个人。<br />
<br />
In the study of socialist ownership relations, Dang advocated to strictly distinguish the two concepts of public ownership and common ownership. Marx and Engels emphasized in The Communist Manifesto: "In the process of development, when class differences have disappeared and all production is concentrated in the hands of united individuals, public rights will lose their political nature." Therefore, Dang held that the scientific socialist ownership was the ownership of "united individuals", that is, the public ownership system. Socialist communal system is the necessary preparation for socialist public ownership. Socialist public ownership is the inevitable trend of socialist public ownership system. Public ownership cannot be quantified, but common ownership can be quantified to individuals.<br />
<br />
公有也罢,共有也罢,党治国自己是一无所有。<br />
<br />
Whether it is public or common, Dang found that he had nothing.<br />
<br />
他1980年出狱后,到现在已经搬了六次家,这才搬到这间靠着煤山、傍着火车轨道的符合地租规律的农民房里。杜甫当年疾呼:安得广厦千万间,大庇天下寒士俱欢颜。当代寒士党治国和他的父母、儿子的衣物连同他们四个人,加起来用一辆东风三轮就可以拉着跑了。所以尽管东搬西挪地到处借房,倒也不算费事。<br />
<br />
Since he was released from prison in 1980, he has moved six times to this rural house, which was close to a coal mountain, beside the train track and conformed to the law of land rent. Du Fu cried out in those days: Could I get mansions covering ten thousand miles, I'd house all scholars poor and make them beam with smiles. The clothes of the contemporary poor man Dang Zhiguo and his parents and son, together with the four, can be pulled with one Dongfeng motor tricycle. Therefore, although they borrowed houses everywhere, it was not troublesome.<br />
<br />
1986年的中国,城市里居然还有这样穷困的角落。一眼望去,这间屋里不是板子,就是绳子。旧板子搁在长凳上,是党治国和他儿子的床。他父母睡一张借来的旧板床,床腿绑着绳子倒也能站得住。凳子的腿也绑着绳子。破写字桌上,又是用一根白绳子系着一个自己用烟纸卷就的灯罩。<br />
<br />
In China in 1986, there was such a poor corner in the city. At first glance, this room had either planks or ropes. The old plank was on the bench, which was the bed for Dang and his son. His parents slept in a borrowed old bed made of planks, and the legs of the bed can stand with ropes tied. The legs of the stool were also tied with ropes. On the broken writing desk was a lampshade wrapped with cigarette paper and tied with a white rope.<br />
<br />
还有大案板和小板箱。<br />
<br />
There were also big chopping boards and small crates.<br />
<br />
党治国这30年,从精神到肉体的挨板子,从精神到肉体的被捆绑,终算安定下来了,陪伴他的又多是板子和绳子!我只觉ー阵苦楚。<br />
<br />
In the past 30 years, he was beaten from the spirit to the body, and was tied up from the spirit to the body, and he finally settled down. What accompanied by him most were planks and ropes! I only felt a burst of pain.<br />
<br />
恩格斯说过,马克思是最大的经济学家,可是他自己的经济ー团糟。<br />
<br />
Engels said that Marx was the influential economist, but his own economy was bad.<br />
<br />
一位朋友为说话而说话:“今天天气很好。”<br />
<br />
A friend spoke for the sake of talking: "It's a fine day today."<br />
<br />
“1970年的时候,我弟弟唯一的愿望就是但求有个好天气。”党治国说,“当时已经决定判我死刑了。家里人有什么办法?只求能从刑场拉回我的尸体。弟弟借好了架子车,可是我老家韩城离铜川有三四百里地,要是赶上雨天,那一趟泥地够我弟弟拉的!我既然必死无疑,家里人就退ー步只希望有个好天气了。”<br />
<br />
"In 1970, my brother's only wish was to have a good weather." Dang said, "At that time, it was decided to sentence me to death. What can my family do? They just want to pull my body back from the execution ground. My younger brother borrowed a wheelbarrow, but my hometown Hancheng was three or four hundred li away from Tongchuan. If it was a rainy day, it would be difficult for my younger brother to pull the wheelbarrow because of the mud! Now that I will die definitely, my family concede and only hope for a good weather."<br />
<br />
党治国好像在叙述一件与己无关的事。淡淡的。也许他遇到的悲剧太多了? 也许他们韩城人有判刑后发奋的传统?他的书桌旁贴着一幅韩城人司马迁狱中写《史记》的画。党治国在狱中通读《资本论》三遍,自然还读凡能入狱的马、恩、列、 斯、毛的著作。监狱里来了新犯人,每每叫党治国来一个节目——背诵《矛盾论》和《实践论》,一字不差。<br />
<br />
He seemed to make light of a matter that has nothing to do with himself. Maybe he had encountered too many tragedies? Maybe they Hancheng people had a tradition of striving after being sentenced? Next to his desk was a painting of Sima Qian, a native of Hancheng, writing ''Records of the Grand Historian'' in prison. Dang read ''Das Kapital'' three times in prison, and naturally read the works of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin and Mao Zedong who can be imprisoned. When there were new prisoners, they asked Dang to perform every time—he recited ''On Contradiction'' and ''On Practice'' verbatim.<br />
<br />
读书之余便是写作。他这间板子加绳子的屋里,唯一可以进入80年代的,是他妹妹送他的一只红皮箱,箱里全是他写的经济学论文的手稿。在剪刀差、所有制等等的中间,扎眼地珍藏着一部精装本的《简・爱》。这是他第四次买《简・爱》了。抄走一本,再买一本。以他现在还欠债一千来元的经济条件,去买一本不知读过多少遍的小说锁于箱里,足见他对简・爱这个女主角的偏爱了。我不由得望望箱边堆着的脏衣服,那么,箱里的简・爱便是这屋的单身男子的妻了。<br />
<br />
Besides reading, Dang wrote something in his spare time. In his room with planks and ropes, the only thing that can enter the 1980s was a red suitcase given to him by his sister, which was full of manuscripts of his economics papers. In the middle of scissors difference, ownership and so on, a hardcover version of Jane Eyre was conspicuously treasured. This was the fourth time he has bought Jane Eyre. If one was confiscated, he would buy another one. With the economic condition that he was still in debt of about 1,000 yuan, he bought a novel that he had read many times and locked it in a box, which showed his preference for Jane Eyre, the heroine. I couldn't help looking at the dirty clothes piled up by the box, so Jane Eyre in the box was the wife of a single man in this room.<br />
<br />
没有一个个人问题是超越社会平均水平之上的。<br />
<br />
No individual problem is above the average level of society.<br />
<br />
他的个人命运和祖国的命运是完全一致的。<br />
<br />
His personal fate is completely consistent with that of his motherland.<br />
<br />
1957年以前国家是发展的,他个人是顺利的。1957年国家受损失,他个人受挫折。1962年国家开始恢复元气,他摘掉了“右派”帽子。1965年国家兴旺了,他参加了先进技术传播队,能力得到发挥了。十年浩劫,他十年监狱。现在他落实政策不那么顺利,因为国家头绪纷繁、问题严重。<br />
<br />
Before 1957, the country was developing, and everything went smoothly for him. In 1957, the country suffered losses and he suffered personal setbacks. In 1962, when the country began to recover, he took off the hat of "rightist". In 1965, when the country flourished, he joined the advanced technology communication team and brought his ability into full play. During ten years of Cultural Revolution, he spent ten years in prison. At present, his implementation of policies was not so smooth, because the country had too many things to attend to and had serious problems.<br />
<br />
“国家、社会解放的程度,就是我自己解放的程度。只有解放全人类才能解放自己,这对我不是一种思想,而是一种不可逃避的命运。”<br />
<br />
"The degree of national and social liberation is the degree of my own liberation. Only when all mankind are liberated, can I liberate myself. This is not an idea for me, but an inescapable fate."<br />
<br />
这就如同他说的,我们搞社会主义不是因为社会主义优越,而是因为这是一种规律。优越是指方案而言的——哪ー种方案优越。而规律无所谓优越不优越——必须遵循它,早晚得遵循它,不遵循也得遵循!<br />
<br />
As he said, we adopt socialism not because it is superior, but because it is a kind of law. Superiority refers to which scheme is superior. And for the law, it doesn't matter whether it is superior or not—it must be followed, sooner or later, and you have to follow it even if you don’t want to!<br />
<br />
党治国不能说已经获得了彻底的解放,如同我们的生产力也没有从不适合的所有制的束缚下完全解放出来。<br />
<br />
It cannot be said that Dang has been completely liberated, just as our productive forces have not been completely liberated under the shackles of unsuitable ownership.<br />
<br />
“我们固有的体制适合搞政治运动,不适合经济发展。”党治国简直成了一个理论狂人。一开口就是体制、所有制,再不就是说:“你对这个问题怎么看?”<br />
<br />
"Our inherent system is suitable for political movement and not for economic development." Dang Zhiguo has become a theory fanatic. When he spoke, he talked about system and ownership, or said: "What do you think of this problem?"<br />
<br />
党治国咄咄逼人地、愣头愣脑地要人回答这些他整日思考的而别人未必感兴趣的,他以为是最重要的而别人认为是八竿子打不着的,他醉心的而别人无心的, 他津津乐道的而别人无动于衷的问题。<br />
<br />
Aggressively and recklessly, Dang required people to answer some questions that he thought all day long but others may not be interested in, that he thought were the most important but others thought that they were none of their business, that he was obsessed with but others were careless, that he relished but others were indifferent.<br />
<br />
他慷慨陈词,满脸涨红。别人应付他:“唉唉,是呵是呵,啧啧!”再不就是把别人吓得怯怯的,一下子从大人变成了站起来回答老师问题的小学生,讷讷地:“我觉得么……”<br />
<br />
He presented his view vehemently and his face turned red. Others phoned it in: "Alas, yes, oh!" Or he would scare others, and others suddenly change from an adult to an inarticulate primary school student who stands up and answers the teacher's questions. "Well, I think..."<br />
<br />
他满脑门的政治和经济,满脑门的规律和所有制。但别人是凡人,需要了解一些趣闻,一些轶事,一些消息,一些共同感兴趣的现实问题,需要吃喝拉撒睡。<br />
<br />
His mind was full of politics and economy, law and ownership. But others are normal people, and they need to know some interesting stories, anecdotes, news and practical problems of common interest, and they need to eat, drink and sleep.<br />
<br />
而他似乎只需要吃着政治,睡在经济上。他要和他周围一切的人探讨政治经济。他会吸引一些人,也会吓走一些人。<br />
<br />
It seemed that he only needed to eat politics and sleep on economy. He wanted to discuss politics and economy with everyone around him. He would attract some people, but would also scare away some people.<br />
<br />
他的见地每每是独到的,但他过于急切地阐述他的观点,乃至近乎要强加于人。对于“经济”,他的发问更是近乎发难。<br />
<br />
His insights were often original, but he was so eager to expound his views that he almost imposed them on others. As for "economy", his question was almost blame.<br />
<br />
他和一般人不一样,他是有些不一般;他和正常人不一样,他可不是不正常。<br />
<br />
He was different from ordinary people, and he was somewhat unusual; He was different from normal people, but he is sane.<br />
<br />
他关心的正是大众的利益,但是大众未必接受他的关心。<br />
<br />
What he cared about was the interests of the public, but the public may not accept his concern.<br />
<br />
他希望大家都能透过现象关心本质,但是大家往往喜欢谈论现象,而无心顾及本质。谈论现象是一种情绪发泄的需要,顾及本质却需要苦苦地开动大脑。<br />
<br />
He hoped that everyone can care about the essence through the phenomenon, but people often like to talk about the phenomenon, and they don't care about the essence. Talking about phenomena is a need to vent emotions, but taking into account the essence requires thinking hard.<br />
<br />
他不是那种可以用计算机程序计算出来的人。他欠稳妥,欠含蓄,但他“虽有小偏,终有大成”。任何社会变革首先要找到实现变革的社会力量。要打土豪分田地找到了贫农,要打倒老革命找到了红卫兵。今天的改革如小平同志所说是第二次革命,我们需要透辟的经济理论家。<br />
<br />
He is not the kind of person who can be calculated by computer program. He is not that reliable and subtle, but he "will have a big success although he has small shortcomings". Any social change must first find the social forces to realize the change. To fight against landlords, divide fields, we found poor farmers. To defeat the old revolution, we found Red Guards. Today's reform, as Comrade Xiaoping said, is the second revolution, and we need economic theorists with insights.<br />
<br />
我找到了党治国。不过不是我找他,是他先写信给我,打动了我。我采访受苦受难的人的时候,容易掉泪。但不知为什么,采访这个经济状况一团糟的经济理论家的时候,我一滴泪都没有。是他不需要别人同情,还是和他在一起的人都会变得只剩下粗线条了?<br />
<br />
I found Dang Zhiguo. But I didn't look for him, but he wrote to me first and touched me. When I interview people in difficulty, I tend to cry. But somehow, when I interviewed this economic theorist who was in a bad economic situation, I didn't shed a tear. Is it because he doesn't need sympathy from others, or will people who are with him not pay attention to trifles?<br />
<br />
“我不是一个受苦受难的科技人员!不是要人同情的人!”他冲着我大喊,“我是个好汉!是个男子汉!是有思想的!尤其有经济思想!”<br />
<br />
"I am not a scientific and technical personnel in difficulty! I am not a person who needs sympathy!" He shouted at me, "I am a hero! I am a man! I am thoughtful! I especially have economic thinking!"<br />
<br />
思想使党治国永远处于躁动不安的状态中,有时他为了理想忘却了现实,有时现实又催促他去追求理想。前不久他又写完一篇专门探讨所有制的论文:《社会主义所有制关系的发展》。文章观点大胆、新颖、独到。他提出的观点未必就尽善尽美、无懈可击,但是,即使其中包含一些真理的萌芽或片面的真理,也可以活跃我们的思维。“双百”方针实施三十多年了,一个宽松的、发展人们思维成果的环境正在形成。党治国的经济理论的产生和他这个理论狂人的出现,不是偶然的。人为的呼唤和扼杀,不过加速或延缓产生的时间。<br />
<br />
Thought makes Dang in a restless state forever. Sometimes he forgets reality for his ideal, and sometimes reality urges him to pursue his ideal. Not long ago, he finished a paper focusing on ownership: "The Development of Socialist Ownership Relations". The viewpoint of the article is bold, novel and original. His views may not be perfect and impeccable, but even if it contains the beginning of truths or one-sided truths, it can still activate our thinking. The Hundred Flowers Campaign had been implemented for more than 30 years, so a relaxing environment for developing people's thinking achievements was taking shape. The emergence of Dang’s economic theories and him as a theoretical madman are not accidental. Calling and strangling by human beings only speed up or delay the emergence time.<br />
<br />
能不能搞一个共产主义特区?他想。在强大的习惯势力面前,不能都搞先破后立,需要先立后破。只有实践自己的经济理论,把理论立起来,形成强烈对比,才可以春风至而冰雪消。<br />
<br />
Can we set up a communist special zone? He thought. In the face of strong habits, we can't break all fixed modes first and create new ones, but we need to do the opposite. Only by practicing our own economic theory to form a strong contrast can the spring breeze come and the ice and snow disappear.<br />
<br />
他是不是还带有空想的色彩?那么,马克思同志,请允许我提一个问题,您看20世纪80年代中国的改革怎么搞?<br />
<br />
Does he still have the color of fantasy? Then, Comrade Marx, please allow me to ask a question. What do you think of China's reform in 1980s?<br />
<br />
马克思会说,提出这个问题的本身就是错误的。<br />
<br />
Marx would say that it is wrong to ask this question.<br />
<br />
中国的经济体制改革,要靠中国人自己来探索。改革催促着经济理论的发展, 呼唤着经济理论家。<br />
<br />
China's economic system reform depends on the Chinese themselves to explore. Reform urges the development of economic theories and calls for economic theorists.<br />
<br />
终于,《文汇报》上出现了一个醒目的标题:《我们能否贡献一个伟大的经济学家》?文中写道,这个问题对于当代中国“比‘我们能否贡献一个爱因斯坦’或‘能否贡献一个伟大的哲学家和文学家’更为紧迫”。文章又写道:“中国经济体制全面改革的浪潮当是产生伟大经济学家的时代和国度。恰当的时间和地点正呼唤恰当的人。”<br />
<br />
Finally, a striking headline appeared in Wenhui Daily: "Can we contribute a great economist"? The article said that this problem was "more urgent for contemporary China than 'Can we contribute an Einstein' or 'Can we contribute a great philosopher and writer'?" The article added: "The wave of comprehensive reform of China's economic system should be the era and country that produced great economists. The right time and place are calling for the right people."<br />
<br />
“伊索寓言”中有一个说大话的人,吹嘘自己曾经在罗陀斯岛跳得很远。马克思在《路易・波拿巴的五月十八日》一文中引用了这个故事,他说生活本身会大声喊道:(原作名为雾月十八日，而非五月)<br />
<br />
In ''Aesop's Fables'', there was a person blowing his own horn said that he once jumped far on Rhodus Island. Marx quoted this story in the article ''The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte''. He said that life itself would shout:<br />
<br />
这里就是罗陀斯,就在这里跳跃吧！<br />
<br />
Hic Rhodus, hic salta! <br />
<br />
这里就有玫瑰花,就在这里跳舞吧！<br />
<br />
Here is the rose, here dance! <br />
<br />
（原载《人民文学》1986年第7期）<br />
<br />
(Originally published in People's Literature, Issue 7, 1986)</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=155869Report CN EN 032023-06-14T16:16:42Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：5.痴情Obsession */</p>
<hr />
<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情Obsession==<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with Long Hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies were always covered; whereas in the West, people loved nudity, which seemed to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个ー丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there was a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush and painting a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting was not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, had you ever thought that some of us would cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us would stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, would come like snowflakes. You might even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Were you fearless, or seized by a whim? You were out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he was painting.<br />
<br />
他站在一间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着一支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着ー张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stood in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looked disheveled, and his bosom was stained with different colors. His hair was long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there was a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exactly did you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound Train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it was today. The platforms were clean, the corridors were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers' attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the regions south of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North…<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像一块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, and cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn't buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can't even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man--that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes…"<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me…"<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn't help knitting the brows--the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn't buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"On a business trip? Or visit family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student at Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone…"<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What…"<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break…"<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed to have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man!"<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. The resemblance in spirit is better than the resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
"So I don't understand art…"<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多少欢聚与悲离的 故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉一线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小伙子,而是一个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
During the long journey, as the young people of the same generation, it was the fate to meet each other in this running train! In life, many stories of reunion and departure were drawn by the heavy line across the land! The girl was close to the small table by the window, resting her chin in the hand, listening to the young man talk, and watching his expression. It seemed that he was not a young guy, but a strong and confident man. Calculating his age, he was even a few years older than the girl. Why did he give that illusion before? Alas, the age of men was really hard to guess...<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为一个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是一个有抱负、有才华的人!”<br />
<br />
Out of the female's sensitivity, the girl suddenly felt shy and embarrassed. The condescending arrogance that she had just showed was now reversed and replaced by her hazy admiration. The girl looked at the painter's dress again, and the non-matching colors of black and red were not so conspicuous. Although the painter's cotton jacket was still so black, the collar of the underwear was still so crooked, and the hair was still so disheveled, in the eyes of the girl, they all became the evidence that the young man was a bachelor who was immersed in art and had no time to take care of himself, which touched the girl's heart of compassion: "It seems that he is an ambitious and talented man!"<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
The painter took out his drawing board, spread the paper and said to the girl, "Please allow me to make a sketch of you."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
The girl nodded her head.<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简直像一个拙笨的新手。好半天,才抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
The painter drew very slowly, feeling ill at ease. The more he tried to draw well, the more nervous he became, and the brush was out of control. He was like a clumsy novice. After a long time, he apologized and said, "Sorry, I didn't draw well…"<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来一看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会”了画家的灵犀。<br />
<br />
When the girl took it and looked, two red clouds rose on her cheeks. This sketch was not as good as the one of the mechanic, and those rigid lines were flaws of the work. To say it bluntly, she looked uglier in the painting than she really was. Is that what I look like? The girl had a reason to make a protest. However, she understood and forgave the painter with a sweet smile. Honestly, she didn't even want to see him too calm, too relaxed, like facing the model in the studio. The girl no longer regarded "resemblance in appearance" as so important, and she "understood tacitly" the painter's spirit.<br />
<br />
画纸的一角是签名和年月——袁运生,画于1964年2月。<br />
<br />
In one corner of the paper were the signature and date--Yuan Yunsheng, painted in February 1964.<br />
<br />
画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "Give it to you."<br />
<br />
姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
<br />
The girl said, "Thank you, I'll keep it as a memory."<br />
<br />
“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信地址?”<br />
<br />
"You see, I was so careless that I forgot to ask your name." The painter said, "Could you write down your mailing address?"<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
<br />
The girl smiled: "My name is Zhang Lanying." And she wrote down the address on the painter's sketchbook.<br />
<br />
火车抵达浦口,他们已经像一对熟识的老朋友了。从一个艺术型的医学院学生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
<br />
When the train arrived in Pukou, they already looked like two old friends. Many common temperaments could be found between an artistic medical student and a serious artist. The passengers on the same train thought they had known each other for a long time and treated them as a couple, saying goodbye to them with the appellation of "you two".<br />
<br />
画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空一样清澈,像江水一样深沉……<br />
<br />
The painter sent the girl to the shore of the Yangtze River, a wet wind blowing from the river. It was time to part, and both of them were reluctant to leave. Lanying looked at Yuan Yunsheng with a warm and fond gaze, and that meant everything! As clear as the sky, as deep as the river…<br />
<br />
呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江交织起来的一见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
Heh! Pretty girl, you were too sentimental. Did you know him? The story of love at first sight, woven by the main Beijing-Pukou line and the winding Yangtze River, was too indiscreet.<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
<br />
The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River <br />
<br />
在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,一只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认真地涂抹着油彩,画出一个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
<br />
In the days of glorious morning light of the 1950s, a young boy's delicate hand, holding a paintbrush, was earnestly spreading the paint on the linen to draw a little girl with the same earnest expression, who was imitating her sister's movement, tying a bright red scarf around her neck.<br />
<br />
这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐一样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
<br />
This oil painting was sent from Nantong in Jiangsu Province to Beijing as an assignment for applying for the highest academy of arts, presenting the young painter's sparkling artistic talent and a crystal-clear heart. The title was "Growing up to be like my sister", painted by Yuan Yunsheng.<br />
<br />
看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年除夕送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出一批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的艺术功底。<br />
<br />
When looking at this oil painting, people might think that the painter had a soft and gentle femininity. In fact, he was just the opposite. He was stubborn and unrestrained, like a boisterous colt. His love of painting since childhood was mainly influenced by his father. His father worked in a middle school in Nantong. In his spare time, he enthusiastically collected various fine art works. Every year on the New Year's Eve, they would bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new, and his father would always hang a number of new paintings on the wall, including Chinese and foreign ones, like a small exhibition, full of the atmosphere of the art salon. The paintings collected at home gave Yuan Yunsheng some enlightenment in art. When he got a little bit older, he went to the Cultural Center in Nantong to participate in activities, attend lectures, learn to sketch, and paint, laying the first foundation of art.<br />
<br />
当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来一副犟脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
<br />
When he applied to the Central Academy of Fine Arts, his father said with worry: "The boy was born with stubbornness, which makes us uneasy."<br />
<br />
哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,一个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人 需要有个性。”<br />
<br />
His brother Yuan Yunfu, who was also involved in fine art, kept cheering him on: "Go ahead. people involved in fine art needs to have a personality."<br />
<br />
1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
<br />
In the summer of 1955, the Central Academy of Fine Arts announced the admission of new students, Yuan Yunsheng ranking the first.<br />
<br />
如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画派。这是19世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画就像一部小说或一出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝圣者像请佛一样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
<br />
If Yuan Yunsheng's work for the entrance examination could be classified as a certain school of art, it would be the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions. It was a progressive school of painting that emerged in Russia in the 19th century. It simulated life, emphasized themes, and focused on the plot. A painting was like a novel or a play. It inherited Rembrandt's tradition of realism and absorbed the Impressionism's achievements in the use of light and color. After the October Revolution, it enjoyed the supreme position in the Soviet art circle and was invited to China by Chinese pilgrims, like inviting the Buddha. Of course, Yuan Yunsheng, only 17 years old, did not know the essence of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, let alone that the school of art was linked to the school of politics.<br />
<br />
他像奔跑在艺术山野 里的小鹿,一头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
<br />
Like a fawn running in the wilderness of art, he bumped into the arms of Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions.<br />
<br />
袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身 好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件 和艺术才能的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖力气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严格的训练——<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng was highly regarded by the academy. He was born in a good family (it was rare to have such a family background at that time) and excelled in the examination. He sat in the first-year classroom with a nimbus of political condition and artistic talent hanging over his head. He was elected as the commissary of Communist Youth League in charge of organization, who was totally the epitome of a socialist-minded and professionally competent man. He was also a real hard worker, and was very stubborn, taking everything seriously. Under the guidance of Soviet-style teaching methods, he received strict training--<br />
<br />
挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与被画者保持绝对的耐性 。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面 ”,画上一整天,只画了半个头像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履的中年人走过来,这是礼聘 来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供同学们观摩。<br />
<br />
Choosing a HB pencil, and sharpening it, and sketching in front of male and female models. The models were recruited at a very high price, both nude and non-nude. Under certain lights, the painter and the object stayed absolutely patient. He sketched out the outline at first, figured out the "light and plane", and then drew all day long, only to have half picture of the head; the next day, the same scene was repeated under the same conditions; then, a middle-aged man with a high nose and deep eyes, dressed in a suit, came over, who was an expert invited cordially. Whenever he passed behind Yuan Yunsheng, his face often showed a look of satisfaction. Yuan Yunsheng got five points for all his sketches and oil paintings, which were sometimes hung in the classroom or in the corridor for students to watch.<br />
<br />
这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉柯夫教学体系。-袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀——苏联在中国土地上开办的艺术工厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
<br />
That year, a sketch and oil painting teaching conference of national fine art academies was held in Beijing to promote the Chistiakov's teaching system in the Soviet Union. A half-length portrait of a Chinese woman painted by Yuan Yunsheng was shown off on the conference--a standard mode produced by the art factory of the Soviet Union in China.<br />
<br />
苏联专家的宠儿 ,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
<br />
He was the favorite of the Soviet experts, and the pride of the Oil Painting Department. He had a lot of success and a bright future. He immersed himself in the painting all day long, with his hand keeping waving, like a devout disciple prostrating himself before his art idol, and praying that his soul would ascend to the temple of art, seating on a throne surrounded by roses with a crown of pearls… It was the highest ideal for college students majoring in oil painting at that time.<br />
<br />
但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
<br />
But the naive faith was not solid, like an edifice built on a thin and narrow foundation, which could easily collapse. Once it was subverted, it could cause endless troubles.<br />
<br />
苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便朝那里走去。他停在一帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来一阵电灼般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
<br />
Distress had come to him, and he brought it upon himself. One morning, he heard that there was an exhibition of paintings being held in the hall, and went there. He stopped in front of a sequence of copies of the oil paintings, casting a calm glance upon it, and his whole body felt an electric sensation. His heart was shaking, and his blood was boiling.<br />
<br />
这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风 的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的感情,像酒一样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
<br />
These were the works of the European Post-Impressionist painter Van Gogh, with ordinary and simple images: fields, haystacks, a clock reflected by the setting sun, and sunflowers in clay pots. In addition, there were some portraits of ordinary people: postmen, miners, movers, and inmates who were released for yard time. In these unpretentious pictures, the author poured out the strongest feelings, as strong as wine, like a flame burning!<br />
<br />
看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格 。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生——向日葵,仿佛摇身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探求……这哪里是绘画呀 ,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每一线条和每一色块都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
<br />
Look, the jagged trees were rebellious. The undulating earth seemed to tell of suffering. The painter poured deep feelings into those ordinary people. The still-life painting--sunflowers, seemed to turn into a living thing, stretching out its jumble of tentacles to the frozen space, capturing, swaying, and indefatigably seeking… It was not a painting, but a call of the painter's life, a representation of his character! Every line and every color block were flowing, coming through invisible channels to clamp people, annihilate them to a great vortex of emotion…<br />
<br />
袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被一支锐利的艺术之箭射穿了。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng walked out of the hall, with his legs wobbling, as if he was drunk, was hurt. His heart was pierced by a sharp arrow of art.<br />
<br />
他回到宿舍,一头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高才生转瞬间变成西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
<br />
He went back to the dormitory and threw himself onto the bed. It was ironic that a top student of the Chistiakov's teaching system in the Soviet Union became a captive of the Western European Post-Impressionism in an instant.<br />
<br />
宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地问 :“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
<br />
When the door of the dormitory opened, his roommate came in. Seeing him pale and tired, he asked in surprise, "Yunsheng, what happened to you?"<br />
<br />
“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
<br />
"I went to see an exhibition of Van Gogh's paintings." Yuan Yunsheng sat up in bed and said, "I've never been so excited by the works of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions..."<br />
<br />
他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的基础。有这个就够了。下一步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚 。<br />
<br />
He expressed his thoughts. In his opinion, the merit of Soviet painting theory lied in the emphasis on placing the object under certain light, observing the levels and hues with a subtle look, and tracing it carefully, which was the basis of all paintings. It was enough. The next step was to break free and move forward, not to limit themselves.<br />
<br />
他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧上了天 ,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在干着什么蠢事呀? ……<br />
<br />
He was right. Throughout the history of art, each school had its own process of formation, development, vicissitudes, and ups and downs. The Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions deserved its place in the art circle without dispute. But once it was praised to the skies, and promoted by administrative means, it would be counterproductive and bring suffocating disaster to the art. In fact, in the 1950s, painters all over the world, including Soviet painters, were running, exploring and innovating. And how stupid we were! ...<br />
<br />
袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头 ,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng said excitedly: "We follow behind them and pick up what they have thrown away!"<br />
<br />
好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,一个几亿人的社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎 。<br />
<br />
His good friends were familiar with his character and sympathized with his comments, but they worried about him. At that time, a society of hundreds of millions of people prostrated itself before Soviet idols, and his words were tantamount to a form of blasphemy.<br />
<br />
从那以后,他变得不大安分了, 一头温驯的伏尔加式的 小鹿,现出烈性马驹的本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标。<br />
<br />
From then on, he became rebel. A tame fawn, like the one on the Volga car, showed the true colors of a boisterous colt. In addition to completing the homework as usual, he improvised with mixed painting techniques, as if he was pursuing an ethereal goal.<br />
<br />
目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
<br />
The goal, was finally found, unexpectedly close at hand.<br />
<br />
从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭一张学生证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹…… <br />
<br />
From the Shuaifuyuan where the Central Academy of Fine Arts was located, crossing the big roundabout between Wangfujing and Bamiancao, the Donghua Gate of the National Palace Museum was about a mile away. At that time, students from the Academy of Fine Arts enjoyed a special privilege. They could freely enter the imperial garden of ancient Chinese art with only a student ID card. Here he saw Chen Laolian's "Bogu Yezi (A kind of card played while drinking in ancient China)" in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan's "Qingming Shanghe Tu (Along the River During the Qingming Festival)" in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a large number of authentic works of famous painters of the Tang Dynasty…<br />
<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
<br />
His favorite work was the "Luo Shen Fu (The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River)" by Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.<br />
<br />
长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象力!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人,栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱翔……<br />
<br />
Long scroll, romantic conception, how imaginative! The landscape was peaceful and spacious, with quiet and wonderful rivers and mountains; the figures were lifelike, dancing in the air. Was the resemblance in appearance? Was the resemblance in spirit? Between likeness and unlikeness, that was the author's mind soaring…<br />
<br />
他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条表现出高超的魅力。<br />
<br />
He put his eyes close to the scroll. The brush strokes, appearing ageless for thousands of years, like the spring silkworms spinning fine and exquisite silk, drew freely. He thought of the Soviet oil painting theory that denied the existence of lines. But in Chinese painting, the general and terse lines showed the high charm.<br />
<br />
站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他的思绪如抛出的一缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
<br />
Standing in this ancient resplendent hall, a long flowing river of art swept passed by before his eyes, and his thoughts stretched out like a wisp of gossamer. If we compared the fashionable Western art and the ancient Oriental art to two poles, there seemed to be something between the two poles that was closely related. Oh, he understood. When we got into a mut, ignored what was near and seek what was far away, those elves and devils of abstractionism, fauvism, modernism and futurism quietly got essence and extracted nutrients from the Oriental art to strengthen their bodies. That was the secret.<br />
<br />
祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
<br />
Motherland, your art is not water, not wine, not milk, but the magical royal jelly!<br />
<br />
虎丘<br />
<br />
Huqiu<br />
<br />
兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
<br />
After parting with the painter in Pukou, Lanying returned to school in Suzhou. In the blink of an eye, it was March. With spring breeze and newly sprouted willow trees, the town of flowing water under bridges liked a young girl, who was unveiled, affectionate with a lot of charm. <br />
<br />
姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
<br />
The girl's state of mind was also bright like waking spring.<br />
<br />
她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认识一下,如果手头有照片,请寄来一张。<br />
<br />
She received the painter's letter from Nantong. The style of writing was free and easy. In the girl's words: "The level is quite high!" The letter recalled the unforgettable scene on the train and expressed his feelings of missing her. He also said that his parents and brothers would like to get to know the girl, and if she had photos, please sent one.<br />
<br />
兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选一张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息一样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
<br />
Lanying opened the photo album without hesitation, selected a small photo, attached a short reply, and sent it to Nantong. This small act contained an unusual meaning, just like the shortest electromagnetic microwave can transmit significant information, it clearly expressed: the girl agreed to be his girlfriend.<br />
<br />
兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
<br />
Lanying's upbringing conditioned her to making her own decisions. She was born in Shandong province and grew up in the regions south of the Yangtze River. After her parents died, she moved with the troops from childhood. Wherever she went, it was her home, and she developed the ability to live independently. Over the years, she always received the warmth from the group and her female companions, but was never constrained. Perhaps she was a bit spoiled and coaxed by others, which made her form a stubborn personality.<br />
<br />
此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,一见钟情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
<br />
At the moment, she had a novel feeling that she was happier than the people around her. Because she had a right man in her heart, who affected her emotions. She silently enjoyed the secret pleasure of the young girl in love for the first time. She even imagined that once the secret was revealed, how surprised and envious her female companions would be! In their minds, her vison was very high. She was great looking and came from a privileged background. No male classmates dared to develop a relationship with her. It was not easy to take her fancy. It was done so artfully, neither by her parents’ choice, nor by the match-maker's recommendation. She met him on a trip, and fell in love at first sight, bringing everything lime a whirlwind, so that the girl was full of desire for a better life. It was really romantic! So, she wove the future scenarios with sweet silk, anxiously waiting for the response from Nantong. Did he receive her letter? Would the painter's parents comment her when looking at her photo? Was she too pretty, or not enough? Alas! It was really hard to guess… The girl's heart was like the weather in the south of the Yangtze River in March. The temperature and weather changed abruptly.<br />
<br />
学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
<br />
The school was preparing for the Women's Day celebration. Lanying was the commissary in charge of entertainment of the class, a major role that bore a heavy burden of responsibility. The time passed quickly as she arranged the programs, made a blackboard newspaper, and decorated the venue.<br />
<br />
“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄起话筒,一惊一喜——那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
<br />
On Woman's Day, the curtain was opened, and everyone was watching the stage. Suddenly someone called Lanying to answer the phone. She took up the microphone, and was surprised and delighted--it was the painter calling from the school's reception office.<br />
<br />
兰英极力掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,一阵风似的跑到学校的门口。<br />
<br />
Lanying tried to hide his excitement, turned to the students, vaguely explained a few words, and ran to the school gate like a gust of wind.<br />
<br />
画家站在那里,手中照例拿着一个速写本。<br />
<br />
The painter stood there, holding a sketchbook in his hand as usual.<br />
<br />
“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
<br />
"When did you arrive?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I just got off the train. I was passing through here after the home leave." The painter said.<br />
<br />
“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
<br />
"Please come in, do you... want to draw some sketches for our celebration?"<br />
<br />
“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……” <br />
<br />
"Not going in. I'd like to invite you out for a walk…"<br />
<br />
兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意味着向人生的一个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
<br />
Lanying hesitated for a moment. She was willing to accept the request, but also felt embarrassed. Since she entered the period of youth and became mature, Lanying spent this day with her female companions every year. Today she was going to leave her group, which meant saying goodbye to a stage of life. She thought about the discipline of the school, the opinion of classmates...<br />
<br />
“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
<br />
"Where are we going?" Lanying asked shyly.<br />
<br />
“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
<br />
"Huqiu." The painter's expression did not change.<br />
<br />
当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
<br />
When they got off the bus and stood at the foot of Huqiu Hill, the girl's uneasy heart was quieted down and relaxed. <br />
<br />
和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深”。沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
<br />
Compared with the small gardens in Suzhou City, Huqiu was a broad and quiet place to visit. The first two lines of Bai Juyi's poem on Huqiu were " The temple doesn't look far away, but it's very deep in the garden.” Walking along the stone path to the garden, there were many pines and cypresses, clear and blue sword pool, thick and tall groves of bamboo hiding the buildings and pavilions on the hillside: Temple of Chloris, Three Smiles pavilion... Walking deeper and there was quieter, like walking into a sweet dream.<br />
<br />
这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在一起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
<br />
It was the first time Lanying had been alone with a man. There were mysterious waves in the girl's heart. She felt that she had a lot to say to the painter, but she didn't know where to start.<br />
<br />
“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
<br />
"Have you received the photo?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I received. My family saw it and they all like you." The painter said.<br />
<br />
可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术。他对这一带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而倾倒。<br />
<br />
But the painter soon changed the subject. He commented on the local customs and culture of Suzhou and introduced the plastic art of the regions south of the Yangtze River. He seemed to be familiar with the area and knew a lot of anecdotes. The girl listened to him with great interest and was overwhelmed with admiration by the painter's profound knowledge.<br />
<br />
前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去 ,仿佛在祝福这一对美好的情侣。突然,一股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
<br />
Huqiu Pagoda was just ahead. The towering spire thrust into the blue sky and white clouds, magnificent and magical. Lanying and the painter ran towards the top of the hill with excitement. The painter stretched out his strong arm to support the girl. They were so close to each other, feeling the heat of each other's breath and heart beating. Pines, cypresses, and bamboo forests swayed backwards, as if they were blessing the wonderful couple. Suddenly, with a blazing feeling, they both stopped at the same time.<br />
<br />
这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰一样醉红,双唇像微微绽开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己一样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后一瞬……<br />
<br />
Here was surrounded by hills and trees, empty and silent. The painter stared at the girl with a frank and honest look; Lanying closed her eyes happily, ready to receive a baptism of love that would never be forgotten. The golden sunlight, through the branches of the trees, cast waving shadows on the girl's face. Her cheeks were as red as roses, and her lips were like slightly blooming petals, more beautiful than usual. What a pure girl. Opening the window of her heart, there wasn't any trace of dust and impurities. Although it was her second meeting with the painter, she trusted him and life as she trusted herself. Hold her tight, kiss her with fervor. She would be yours forever, from now until the last moment of your life…<br />
<br />
“兰英,我要告诉你一件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是‘右派’！”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I'll tell you something." What she heard at this moment was the painter’s calm voice, “The first time was too late, and the second time is not too late. I was classed as a 'rightist' when I was in college. Really, it was the 'rightist'!"<br />
<br />
霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
<br />
All of a sudden, the hills and trees, the ancient pagoda, were frozen in a deathly silence…<br />
<br />
孤岛上<br />
<br />
On a Lonely Island<br />
<br />
到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。1957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
<br />
Have you ever been to an island of the sea? The water and sky seemed to be mixed up together. The clouds came and went, and tide rose and fell. The island was a poem, a fresh and meaningful poem. At the turn of spring and summer in 1957, Yuan Yunsheng was in a poetic environment.<br />
<br />
他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
<br />
He went deep into the life on the island and practice drawing from nature. The Central Academy of Fine Arts required that second-year students had a two-month internship course; before the summer vacation, students went to different parts of the country. He and another student were the only ones who participated in the trip to the island. It was located on the shore of the Yellow Sea. There were only troops on the island, and no residents for miles around. The island provided him with a fortunate environment, getting away from the noise and disputes of the human world, and escaping the violent turmoil that happened in the mainland.<br />
<br />
小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体 ,心情是焦渴的。当蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
<br />
People on the island were closest to nature. Every morning, carrying the paint box on his back, he wandered on the beach covered with light yellow gravel and welcomed the first ray of happy sunshine. At the age of only eighteen, Yuan Yunsheng had already stood out from the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions and became a hazy composite of Chinese Classicism Painting and Western Modernism Painting, who was anxious. The blue sea sprinkled ten thousand golden stars and the sunglow filled his heart with brilliant colors. It was the moment when the young artist's life was burning. He hurriedly opened the paint box, spread the canvas and accepted the generous offer of nature.<br />
<br />
小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左右,才有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
<br />
The island was simple. Politics was proportional to the population, and there were fewer political topics here. Only a barge arrived to deliver newspapers and mail every ten days or so. While he and his companion were eating, they hastily opened the newspapers and skim through them. He was curious about the articles that appeared in the newspaper:<br />
<br />
“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好啦……”<br />
<br />
"Beijing is allowing the people to express their views now. This article is interesting. This opinion should be adopted. Changing it like this will be good…"<br />
<br />
他看完报纸一扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块和线条的运用。<br />
<br />
He threw the newspaper away after reading it and then forgot about it. He did not care about anything else except painting. His road of life was bright, full of sunshine, with no clouds hanging over him and nothing to worry about. All he cared about was the use of light, color blocks and lines.<br />
<br />
年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队的宣传干事带到一间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
<br />
The only political question the young artist faced was raised by the local soldiers. One day, he was taken to a humble shed by a publicity officer of the troops, and a pair of trusting eyes were cast upon him.<br />
<br />
“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, you have asked to go to another island to paint, right?"<br />
<br />
“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
<br />
"Yes, we want to go there."<br />
<br />
“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
<br />
"The troops have studied it. You can go, but your classmate stays."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查 。你们学校填写了两份材料,你的情况单纯 。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
<br />
"A permanent military project is being built on the island. Those who go there have to pass a political vetting. Your college filled out two documents, and your background is simple. Your classmate can't go, mainly because of family problems…"<br />
<br />
袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是一种荣幸,既然生活当中存在这样一些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng frowned. It was an honor to be invited alone. Since there were such rules in life, he went to there alone and no one could blame it. But it brought him more trouble than excitement. He knew his classmates. They were all members of the Communist Youth League and were the backbone of the students. Why should they be distinguished? With his artistic way of thinking, he decided that it was a proposition of conscience and friendship.<br />
<br />
“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
<br />
"Hey, I got it." He went back to the dorm and said to his companion, "The island is building fortifications, drilling and blasting, filled with smoke. There is nothing to paint. We've been out for a long time, let's just go back to the college!"<br />
<br />
不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大 登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活见鬼 !中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
<br />
Soon, he and his classmate crossed the sea and landed at Lvda City. The cool sea breeze blew against the beautiful city, arousing interest in sightseeing. They wandered the streets. The scenery was charming, the buildings were quirky and everywhere was full of Russian atmosphere. When Yuan looked up at the signposts, which wrote the street names like "Makarov", he complained: "Damn it! Why does the street of a Chinese city have to be named after a Russian general? What a bummer…" A few days later, they stood in the blue harbor, casting a last glance at the ocean waves, and turned around to set foot on the way back.<br />
<br />
不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
<br />
He didn't expect that it was a farewell to the blue life.<br />
<br />
北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷 ,使海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头 ,有碍“百花齐放”。袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
<br />
Beijing had changed. Returning from the island, he was amazed by the swift counterattack, the overwhelming criticism, and the petals scattered on the ground in the campus. What puzzled him most was the situation of Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the academy. He heard that the secretary of the Party Committee made a mistake because he advocated the revolutionary school of painting too far, which hindered "all flowers blooming together". Yuan Yunsheng really didn't understand what the "revolutionary school of painting" had to do with the "rightist".<br />
<br />
袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? 一连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng hid in the dormitory, immersing himself in gathering up his sketches. Perhaps, he was safe. He advocated inheriting ancient Chinese art and drawing on western modern art, which should be conducive to the "blooming of a hundred flowers". How could he not be safe. For several days, he chased the white clouds, waves and seagulls, lost in the memories of his trip to the sea…<br />
<br />
有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像一个漏了税的走私犯接受审讯。<br />
<br />
One day, he was suddenly called to the classroom and stood in front of the people, like a smuggler being tried for tax evasion.<br />
<br />
摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名——“反苏” 。 <br />
<br />
He was faced with a host of problems: deviant views in art, sympathetic remarks to the "rightist", "poisoning" on the island and in Lvda, and a terrible accusation throughout it--"anti-Soviet".<br />
<br />
究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐 ,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
<br />
The answer to who denounced him could be found by using elementary mathematics, but it was meaningless. Since he had thought so, and said, he said bluntly to anyone, with an honest heart.<br />
<br />
他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他一挥手:“请你到外面等一会儿。”<br />
<br />
He racked his brain to repeat what he had said, and the presenter waved to him: "Please wait outside for a moment."<br />
<br />
他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听见屋里在争论。<br />
<br />
He left the classroom and stood in the corridor, feeling relieved and comfortable. The corridor was only one door away from the classroom, and he heard an argument in the room.<br />
<br />
有人说:“够了……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "That's enough…”<br />
<br />
有人说:“还不够……”<br />
<br />
Someone said: "Not enough...”<br />
<br />
有人说:“态度还好……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "The attitude is not bad…"<br />
<br />
他的好友在替他争辩,另一些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
<br />
His best friends were arguing for him, and others were insisting on something, which sounded interesting. Then there was silence… Then, he was called back to the classroom.<br />
<br />
“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, after research, you've been classified as a 'rightist'!"<br />
<br />
政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色——红与黑。点朱泼墨,二者居其一,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不同,观点对立,照样用黑笔一勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
<br />
The oil painting box of the political movement had only two colors--red and black, which was different from the oil painting box of the artist. The only way to choose between cinnabar and ink was to rely on fortune-telling. He and Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, were of different ages, different background colors, and opposing views, but they were both outlined by black brushes with the same destination and the painting procedures were highly simplified.<br />
<br />
晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
<br />
In the evening, he rode the bike to Baijiazhuang, where his brother Yuan Yunfu lived. He rocked back in the sofa: "I am."<br />
<br />
哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
<br />
His brother smiled and asked, "What are you?"<br />
<br />
“我是’右派’了。”<br />
<br />
"I'm a 'rightist' now."<br />
<br />
“呵?”哥哥大吃一惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
<br />
"Huh?" His brother was astonished, "What mistake did you make?"<br />
<br />
“我没犯错误。”<br />
<br />
"I didn't make a mistake."<br />
<br />
“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
<br />
"Then why are you classified as a 'rightist'?"<br />
<br />
“他们说我是,就是啰 。”<br />
<br />
"They said I am. So I am."<br />
<br />
“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
<br />
"No! No!" His brother was trembling.<br />
<br />
“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
<br />
"What's wrong with that?" He said evenly, "I still paint, still go to school, still engage in arts."<br />
<br />
他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山造湖,兴修水库,一颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地指挥部,请求一边干活一边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人来访。<br />
<br />
He really did not know pain yet. Soon after, hundreds of thousands of people in the capital swarmed to the out to the suburbs to move mountains and create lakes and build reservoirs in the gorge of the Ming Tombs, and a naive heart was touched. He thought how good it would be to see so many people working together to do one thing. He took his oil painting box and rode more than one hundred miles by bike to the construction headquarters, asking to be able to work and spent his spare time painting. They refused, explaining that according to the regulations, they would not accept personal visits.<br />
<br />
又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他一个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
<br />
Shortly afterward, he went into the construction site by bus with a large group of people from the Central Academy of Fine Arts. How excited he was! He did as much work alone as several men together, carrying six baskets for holding earth on one pole, and running fast on the rugged mountain road. At noon, when others took a nap, he held his painting clipboard and went to the mountain to paint under the scorching sun. Until he was exhausted and staggered back to the shed, he still didn't feel bitter. Because it was her own choice. He was motivated by the boiling life and generously gave his energy, feeling that it was a great pleasure.<br />
<br />
可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成呵斥的嗓门,一张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了——仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
<br />
But the atmosphere in the shed had changed. The students gathered around him, pointing at him, and saying that he was disobedient, did not accept reform, and should not paint anymore… He was stunned. He didn't know that it was a criticism meeting, and he didn't understand what they said. He only felt that familiar eyes became harsh eyes, intimate expressions became indifferent expressions, and peaceful voices became scolding voices. Their mouths were moving, and their hands were shaking. Suddenly he understood--just one thing: he was different from others!<br />
<br />
他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
<br />
He opened his bloodshot eyes wide, wriggled his dry lips, and fell down with his hands on his head.<br />
<br />
过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
<br />
Because of overwork and mental stimulation, he contracted serious dysentery. The illness dragged on from summer to winter, and later he was sent to an unheated hut at college.<br />
<br />
小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活 ,学校当局不再放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他才感到了痛苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出一串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
<br />
The hut was cold and damp, where dripping water could freeze. His body was hot with a high fever. College authorities were no longer concerned about his condition. A year ago, he was the pride of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, who became an abandoned orphan now. He felt the pain, the pain of being strangled in art, exceeding the physical pain, like being pushed into a terrible hell. No! In the spiritual realm of art, there was only heaven, not hell. He was forced to learn to be inferior, but he could never learn it. In a coma, cluttered thoughts were flashing, as if he was flying after the seagulls, and dancing with the Goddess of the Luo River. He tossed and turned and struggled, with a series of moans, as if not willing to sink, but to climb out of the dark hell…<br />
<br />
屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
<br />
A faint white light came through the door and he heard the sound of footsteps. Looking there attentively, he found that his friend stood in front of the bed, casting sympathetic and concerned eyes at him.<br />
<br />
他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是一种负担。我需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
<br />
He sat up quickly: "Please don't come to see me again. I understand that it is a burden for others to be close to me. I need friendship, but not pity. What I need now is solitude, solitude, let me be alone!"<br />
<br />
新月<br />
<br />
The Crescent Moon<br />
<br />
夕阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野 闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对青年男女。<br />
<br />
The setting sun cast a golden glow on Huqiu and fell to the other side of the hill. The clear and quiet lights shimmered on the hill, which was connected to the transparent dusk, reflecting the stately profile of the millennium pagoda, like a contemplative old man overlooking a young couple on the hill.<br />
<br />
这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们一页一页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像一阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只残忍的巨手一挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择 。<br />
<br />
This moment was long enough for Lanying. There were tragedies and comedies in love stories that had been passed down through the ages, attracting people to read them page by page. However, the second page of Lanying's story was unbearable. The tender feelings of a girl who was in her first love: happiness, novelty, joy… For an instant they vanished like a gust of wind, as if with the wave of a cruel hand, everything sank, everything disappeared, and a problem was put before the girl, severe, cold, and emotionless, turning the sweet assignment into a cold choice of stakes.<br />
<br />
在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的一群 ,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以“杀气腾腾”“煽风点火 ”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁愿与鬼蜮联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
<br />
In those years, in this land, as long as people mentioned the "rightist", a bunch of greys flashed before their eyes, like shadows, like ghosts, as if they killed a man, committed arson, or poison something. It seemed that they were all charged with "murder", "fanning the flames", "drug trafficking" and so on. Their souls were sentenced to death, leaving only soulless shells of bodies. The shell, could breathe but could not speak, and must work but could not harvest. The only tolerance that society gave them was to give them more time than convicts sentenced to death, turning their shells into mud. Who would want to be married to a ghost? Who wanted to be with a zombie? Lanying faced such a choice.<br />
<br />
在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每一个姑娘都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵——询问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,工资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称一称。爱情的内容转变了,转变为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义 。<br />
<br />
In an environment where marriage and politics were tied together, every girl had to make considerations, either to enjoy honor, or to have misfortunes with her husband. Under the same dusk, how many girls in the world were considering it--asking the man's family background, political affiliation, education background, job, salary, rank… asking his direct value and everything indirectly translated into value, and then weighing them on the balance of love. The content of love had been transformed into the process of exchange of commodities, which gradually became common and natural.<br />
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兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算 。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
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Lanying had more rights to make her own decisions. She was receiving higher education. She would be a nurse in the future, whose had blood of martyrs in her veins. The organization was considering her to join the Communist Party of China. She was as proud as a daughter of an eminent family, as beautiful as Snow White… Every intersection of life would provide the green light for her. with sons from aristocratic families for her to choose and high position and great wealth to enjoy. But life seemed to play ticks on her. It was the black devil who came to her side, not the angel of love. It was not late to break off the relationship with him at once, and there was no obligation on conscience and morality.<br />
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兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越 ,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气 。因此,她还不懂得利害。<br />
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Lanying lost in painful thought. She was in a privileged situation and had pure experiences, remaining unspotted from the world. Therefore, she did not understand the stakes.<br />
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政治运动对姑娘来说,像一场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些“右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她还时常听到这样的告诫:有才华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不断得到强化。<br />
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The political movement was like a vague dream for the girl. In 1957, she was an innocent girl studying in middle school. She took part in the denunciation, with her mouth, with her pen, with her outraged feeling. The war was over before she could see the enemies clearly. She only saw the backs of the prisoners. Later, when the girl was a little older, whenever she heard that someone was a "rightist", she could not help but look at him with curiosity. She saw that most of the "rightists" were scholars, professors, artists, writers, business backbone, celebrities and so on. She also often heard the admonition: talented people often had strong personalities; people with strong personalities often suffered setbacks. The direct and converse theorem of real life had been repeated in various tones, and the girl's impression of it was constantly reinforced.<br />
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抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的嘲讽。<br />
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The abstract concept of friend or foe formed a concrete conclusion in the girl's mind, which was a sad mockery of the solemn political movement.<br />
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眼前的画家又是一个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离经叛道的歧路 ,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为政治问题?为什么要让一个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的才华……什么是才华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下一颗蓝色的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
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The painter before her was another example. Because the painter opposed the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, he was declared to be on an unorthodox and evil path and was sentenced to death in politics. The girl could not understand why the issue of art had to be turned into a political issue? Why should a Chinese hot-blooded young man be sacrificed to a foreign altar as a lamb to be slaughtered? Wasn't it ludicrous? Such a ludicrous thing actually happened. Perhaps, it further proved that the painter was not a meek lamb, but a fearful calf, attracting jealousy from others. It further proved the painter's courage and insight, indomitable nature and precious talent… What was talent? For the simplehearted girl, it was the light of life, the garland of youth, the transcendence of ignorance, the sublimation of knowledge. It made money and wealth eclipsed, made gain, loss, fame and bad reputation ruin and loss become a passing cloud, like a bright horizon that divided the clear sky and turbid earth. Foolish girls liked to adorn themselves with jewels, but noble girls were full of spiritual aspirations. She was willing to pick a blue star and set it on the heart of love... Lanying broke the silence and said to the painter in a deep voice: "Don't mention those things of your past to me again. I don't think you've made a mistake…"<br />
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画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子 ,也是有限的宽恕,一切还同过去一样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
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The painter said, "But everyone else thinks so. Even if they took the hat off, the forgiveness would be limited, and everything would be the same as before. You can't associate with people like me. You must consider the consequences."<br />
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“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
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"I don't care about the consequences. No matter what other people think, I trust my instincts."<br />
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“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
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"What are your instincts?"<br />
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“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
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"My instinct is that you are talented!"<br />
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这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激动的光辉:“世上有才华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
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It was the highest praise for an "enemy of society". Her tone showed a significant preference, which should bring enough relief to the painter. But the painter stood there with a stoney expression. The radiance of excitement in his gaze was worn away: "There are many talented people in the world, including glorious victors and miserable losers. Why do you prefer me? You'll regret it in the future…"<br />
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难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把才华糟蹋得像一块抹布的年月里,这句话,他不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子无才便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,才华再也不是令知识分子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
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No wonder the painter reacted indifferently. It was not the first time he had heard the phrase in the years when his talent was ruined like a rag. Anyone could give it to him. Beneath the hypocritical compliment was a deliberate mockery. "A woman without talent is virtuous", now also applied to men. Even if he was trampled underfoot, mercilessly flogged, covering with cuts and bruises, they could pat him on the shoulder and told him to get up and go to work. At that time, talent was no longer a flower that made intellectuals have smug feelings, but a bitter medicine that touched their feelings of sorrow.<br />
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兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
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Lanying's and the painter's eyes met. The painter's eyes, probing and frank, with a deep flame of self-esteem and some expectations, shot all the way to the girl's heart. Lanying could not resist this stare that could penetrate through everything, and her heart was shivering…<br />
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兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费力气地获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被搞得阴阳颠倒！一时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到一颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙一样晶莹闪烁。<br />
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Lanying suddenly remembered that it was her second meeting with the painter, in this quiet mountain forest, a secluded valley far away from the city. Wasn't today Women's Day? Ordinarily, he could easily win the girl's heart with his gentleness and gallantry. However, he brought frustration, which couldn't wait to broke the girl's calm. He said the truth, revealed the hidden pain, casting ominous clouds. He knew that it could cause irreversible consequences, but insisted on doing it. What exactly was it for? How upright and poised he was! Why was such a person said to be a terrible devil? The vanished soul? Life was so unfair! Honesty for disaster, cunning for glory, how much right and wrong in the world had been turned upside down! For a moment, Lanying felt that the ravine, valley and river in front of her had been filled in. Through the evening mist, she saw a sincere heart, glittering and shining like agates.<br />
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兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
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Lanying said excitedly, "I decided."<br />
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画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
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The painter asked, "You love me?"<br />
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“喜欢。”<br />
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"Yes."<br />
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“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
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"What do I have to be loved?"<br />
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“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
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"Because you are honest, and love needs honesty."<br />
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画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝 里滚动。<br />
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The painter's whole body shocked, and he threw himself on the girl and buried his head in her arms. In one moment, the strong man turned into a child that curled up, with tears welling up in his eyes.<br />
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一弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
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A crescent moon rose. The ancient pagoda was solemn, and the bamboo forest whispered. The bright silver light shined on the girl, who was like a silver statue of goddess.<br />
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画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
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The painter was like embracing a treasure that he never wanted to lose. For many years, he lived and behaved with integrity, and infatuated with art. But no one had ever given such an evaluation on him. Today, the girl judged his conscience, filling his lonely heart with light. He was satisfied and relieved, feeling that he got the greatest reward for the hardship he had suffered for years…<br />
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双桥<br />
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Shuangqiao<br />
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当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢——充当囚犯, 颠沛流离 ,饱尝辛酸……<br />
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Contemporary artists have great passions to pursue their own artistic styles, and those who had suffered misfortune had unique styles that could not be replaced by others. Who wants to repeat their experience--to be a prisoner, to wander, to endure all kinds of hardships…<br />
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翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
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Open Repin's collection, and look at ''Barge Haulers on the Volga''.<br />
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我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石磙,弓着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下一闪一闪。<br />
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There is a picture similar to ''Barge Haulers on the Volga'' before us, a living picture. The sun was hot, and the air was burning. On the golden wheat field, a young man pulled a stone roller with the posture of the barge hauler on the Volga. He bowed, head down, with a rope trip on his shoulder, hands almost down to the ground. Sweat was running down his bare back, glowing and winking in the sun.<br />
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这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是最年轻的一个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石磙,一拉就是一天。<br />
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This was Shuangqiao Farm in Beijing, one of the earliest state farms, which was famous for its mechanized production. But the artists from the Central Academy of Fine Arts did the work like animal labor. Yuan Yunsheng was the youngest among more than twenty people, who volunteered to do the heaviest work. He pulled the stone roller on the wheat field all day.<br />
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二十几个人住在一间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。几年前,在他们头顶上发生的 那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成为一门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向两极。<br />
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More than twenty people lived in a large room, with shabby windows and doors, and flies and mosquitoes flying freely in and out. There were two rows of wide beds for a number of people and tables made of wooden boards in the room. The dean, professors, teaching assistants and students were equally treated here. The explosion that happened above their heads a few years ago caused different reactions in each of them. Some were silent, some were endlessly repentant, some were calm, and some were trembling, just as the mechanics of the explosion developed into a unique craft, capable of both destruction and construction, making their spiritual models distinctly polarized.<br />
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袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头一个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,一头畜力转眼间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
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When Yuan Yunsheng returned to the room from the wheat field, his first action was to fall on the drawing board by the bed. The animal became an artist with glittering eyes at once, just like the miracle of a magic show by a magician. With the drawing board under his arm, he looked for prey everywhere. He was the master of everything in the territory of visual image.<br />
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他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着他。试问 ,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展示了情景交融的空间——略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
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He doggedly innovated, of his own accord and under duress. He had to reform through labor, and made art at the same time, who needed to adapt to the new environment because he could not leisurely portray objects like oil painters. Applying the achievements of line modeling in Chinese painting to Western oil painting, which was a hazy pursuit before, now became a bright flame that attracted him strongly. Who had ever seen the existence of "line" in life? And he saw it. He observed the layers of light, analyzed the light and plane of the object, trying to grasp the moment when a plane met another plane. The changing, transitional, and wonderful division showed clear lines on the retina, which commanded the hand and pen through the processing of the brain, the exaggeration of emphasis and the appropriate deformation, drawing firm or soft lines on the sketch, as simple as Chinese paintings, as precise as Western paintings, like a Peking Opera artist on an empty stage, showing the space that feelings mingled with scenes with his nuanced hand movements, expression of eyes and body motions--a remarkable painting language that was slight but not empty, with real in its emptiness.<br />
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他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
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He figured it out. Since his paintings would never be cared again, let alone exhibited, he could let his pen draw freely. During the days in the farm, he made more than two thousand sketches with pens, brushes and pencils, far more than the number of assignments for students in fine art colleges. With heavy work and strong foundation, he went toward his goal. A large pile of sketches on his bedside was the accumulation of his faith and the ocean of spirit.<br />
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住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
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Among the people living in the same room, there was a stern elder who often watched the young painter's behaviors. He was Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy. Jiang Feng's gaze was astonished. He didn't know his student before, but now he was touched by Yuan Yunsheng's enthusiasm for hard work and advancement.<br />
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“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去！”<br />
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"I really don't understand why the student like you should be labeled as a 'rightist'?" Jiang Feng said to Yuan Yunsheng, "Draw it. As long as you think it's right, you can draw it according to your will!"<br />
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这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
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It was the direct teaching Yuan Yunsheng heard from the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, not in the grand academy, but in the hard adversity. This teaching impressed him forever.<br />
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一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
<br />
One day, people living in the same room held a review meeting. Some of them confessed as usual, but Jiang Feng declaimed, criticizing the proneness to boasting and exaggeration in publicity, the disconnect between economic policy and economic base, and the hazards of "Left" opportunism, just like a level-headed politician without the slightest self-consciousness of an offender. He was still him, maintaining human dignity, and exercising the rights of the brain and mouth. Yuan Yunsheng listened, filled with admiration.<br />
<br />
散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特儿是清癯的、憔悴的,一副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出一个美的灵魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
<br />
After the meeting, Jiang Feng read a book with his head on the desk. Yuan Yunsheng quietly picked up the drawing board and looked towards him. The model in front of him was skinny and haggard, with a contemplative look. However, in the painter's mind, a beautiful soul was reflected, as hard and transparent as diamonds. The painter used his brush to draw a portrait of him with ease and verve.<br />
<br />
“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
<br />
"Oh, I'm much thinner than before." Jiang Feng took the sketch and said with emotion, "Leave this painting to me. You and I have a memorable friendship…"<br />
<br />
这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
<br />
The sketch was paired with a frame, hanging in Jiang Feng's home for many years.<br />
<br />
一个被撤职的党委书记,一个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
<br />
A dismissed secretary of the Party Committee, and a young man forced to stop school. Neither of their personalities were distorted under the weight. Once the personality had overcome the ordeal, it was like cast iron. It was the same to admit it or not.<br />
<br />
雨纷纷<br />
<br />
The Drizzling Water <br />
<br />
画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业分配。<br />
<br />
The painter parted with Lanying in Suzhou and returned to Changchun. They exchanged letters from time to time. A year later, Lanying was facing job assignment after graduation.<br />
<br />
东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降临头上。<br />
<br />
The Northeast was very unfamiliar to Lanying. In her imagination, it was distant borderlands covered with snow and ice, a terrible place so cold that the nose, ears and chin could be frozen off. None of the students wanted to be assigned to the Northeast. They were used to the affluent conditions and warm climate of lands of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River, and the mere mention of the Northeast made their hair stand on end, as if the doom of exile had fallen on their heads. <br />
<br />
兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
<br />
Lanying was regardless of anything. In the girl's mind, where he was, there was spring, and there was a bonfire! She was willing to suffer cold and hunger just by his side.<br />
<br />
当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying proposed to the organization of his aspiration for assignment, the other side was shocked: "Ah, you already have a boyfriend! How long have you known each other? What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
姑娘一五一十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住 。<br />
<br />
The girl answered one by one. She thought that it could not be hidden sooner or later.<br />
<br />
兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象力,把故事编得像田园牧歌一样美妙——<br />
<br />
Lanying's story spread through the college. Oral litterateurs were not lack in imagination, and made up the story as beautiful as an idyllic pastoral--<br />
<br />
“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
<br />
"Hey, did you hear? Lanying asked to be assigned to Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
<br />
"So far away! Why do you want to go there?"<br />
<br />
“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子。”<br />
<br />
"She met a boyfriend, one of the most beautiful men in Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那个人干什么的?”<br />
<br />
"What's his job?"<br />
<br />
“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
<br />
"He's an actor at Changchun Film Studio. He acted many movies."<br />
<br />
“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
<br />
"Of course, it is good to have an actor as boyfriend. He can go everywhere in the country. Studios are in big cities, and Lanying can be transferred to wherever she likes!"<br />
<br />
但是,在学校的一间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
<br />
But in a small room of the college, Lanying's head was under the weight of thousand pounds, and furious and disappointed eyes were cast at him: “You are too naïve in politics. Who is he? A ‘rightist', who is anti-Party and anti-socialist. Who are you? The descendant of revolutionary martyrs, member of the Communist Youth League, and the Party organization's development target. Won't you feel sorry about your dead parents? And the Party?<br />
<br />
兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了……”<br />
<br />
Lanying argued: "His hat had been taken off…"<br />
<br />
“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样一个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣个黑锅背一辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
<br />
"Whether his hat had been taken off or not, it was all the same. If one has such a family, he could not shake it off. But you want to have the injustice and carry it for the rest of your life. How silly you are!"<br />
<br />
“我乐意……”<br />
<br />
"I don't care…"<br />
<br />
“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍白,四肢麻木,像是一个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
<br />
"Don't say anymore! You are already his prisoner, standing on a cliff. You have to break off with him, and never meet him again. If he writes to you, you hand it over to the organization to deal with!" Lanying sat in a corner of the room, pale and numb, like a rebel on trial. What did she have to say? A simple-hearted girl confided in others the secret of love for the first time, who should receive happy congratulations. However, she received brutal reprimand and forced interferences, and it was useless to argue with them. She dragged herself back to the dormitory.<br />
<br />
更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她,好像她做了什么亏心事。一颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
<br />
What was harder to bear was the mute weight. Her classmates looked at her with scorn and whispered about her as if she had done something against conscience. A pearl once held in the palm of the hand suddenly became the object of ridicule, so that she tasted the fickleness of the world, the ups and downs of fate, and aroused a strong feeling of rebellion.<br />
<br />
她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨——爸爸生前的战友。<br />
<br />
She wrote a letter and sent it to an aunt in Hangzhou, a former comrade of her father.<br />
<br />
阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
<br />
The aunt soon sent a telegram, asking her to go to Hangzhou and talking with her face to face.<br />
<br />
兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空一样阴郁。<br />
<br />
When she arrived in Hangzhou, it was drizzling. The aunt took her to her residence, and was very hospitable with smile, trying to make her happy. However, Lanying's face looked sad, as gloomy as the sky.<br />
<br />
“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说，“我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
<br />
"What if you worry yourself into illness?" The aunt said, "Let me go out for a walk with you."<br />
<br />
她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
<br />
They went to Orioles Singing in the Willows of the West Lake with an umbrella.<br />
<br />
西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
<br />
The West Lake was silvery gray in front of Lanying. The sky was silver, and the water was silver. The atmosphere was drifting with silver powder that looked like rain but not rain, which he could not feel, and her clothes seemed to be getting wet but not.<br />
<br />
兰英的眉心舒展 了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
<br />
Lanying felt more comfortable: "The scenery here is so beautiful!"<br />
<br />
“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢，”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍一个男朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证会喜欢他……”<br />
<br />
"It is worth coming here, right. There is another happy thing," said the aunt with a smile, "I'll introduce to you a boyfriend. He is a member of the party and does confidential work in the army. He is handsome and you are well-matched in age. I'm sure that as long as you are willing to meet him, you are going to like him…"<br />
<br />
兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
<br />
Lanying was on the alert at once: "Did you invite me here just for this?"<br />
<br />
阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养感情嘛……”<br />
<br />
The aunt said: "I'm doing this for your own good. The relationship needs to be cultivated. You don’t have a relationship with him now, but you can cultivate it…"<br />
<br />
姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进一团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲径好像布满陷阱。一种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。给你!”<br />
<br />
The girl only felt that her chest was stuffed with a mess. The beautiful scenery of the West Lake had become nasty, and the winding path under her feet seemed to be fraught with pitfalls. A feeling of being fooled came over her, and she said angrily: "I don't want to see anyone. Here you are!"<br />
<br />
兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
<br />
Lanying shoved the umbrella into the aunt's hand, turned and ran away through the cold rain. Behind her, the lake water lapped at the shore, making a rhythmic sound, like heaving sighs…<br />
<br />
回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
<br />
Back to the residence, the first thing Lanying did was to pack things, ready to return to Suzhou. The aunt came over and said calmly, "Lanying, I know your temper. Once you have decided something, no one can persuade you…"<br />
<br />
“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
<br />
"I appreciate that you know it." The girl said tonelessly.<br />
<br />
“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好好谈谈吧……”<br />
<br />
"I have only one request." said the aunt, "Since you came to Hangzhou, it does not hurt to stay one more day. Let's talk about it in the evening…"<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
<br />
At night, Lanying and the aunt sat face to face by lamplight.<br />
<br />
“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I trust your eyes. The person you like must be good." The aunt said calmly. "Our party implements a policy of uniting and reforming intellectuals, and people like him still have a role to play."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "I thought the same thing…"<br />
<br />
“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们一些好处。打个比喻吧,好比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那些人再好,也不能使用。你多想一想吧……”<br />
<br />
"But let me tell you more detailed information." The aunt said, "At present, we do not have a team of intellectuals of our own. If we don’t rely on them, who can we rely on? If we want to use them, we have to give them some benefits. To use an analogy, it is like a jelly bean to coax children. The little sweetness will soon melt. When our own team grows up, they can't be used anymore no matter how good they are. Think more about it…”<br />
<br />
姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头一次听说,在政策的背后还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
<br />
After the girl listened to the thorough analysis, she was bewildered. She heard for the first time that there were policies behind a policy. The infinite mysteries of life were enough for her to digest slowly.<br />
<br />
这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。一个势单力孤的女子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越 ,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为一个农家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
<br />
That night, Lanying lost sleep. At the deadest time of the night, she was thinking about the painter who was far away and gradually came to realize that there were more serious obstacles between them than ice, snow, storms, mountains and rivers. A weak woman, powerless to push away the weight of society, tradition and mentality, felt that the future was infinitely uncertain. Did the girl regret having fallen in love with him? She could not find a reason to condemn herself. Their love was witnessed by the green hill and bright moon, without a trace of dust. She could only regret that she came from a privileged background and was fully favored, so that her love was also shackled. The girl would rather be reborn again for him… She fell asleep in a daze and had a sweet dream that she was transformed into a farm girl and met the painter among the white mountain and the black water. The whole world was pure as if it was covered with silver and jade… When she woke up, she found that it was just a delusional dream. The fate had been doomed, and everything was irreversible. The girl was desperate, with hot tears like a broken line of beads, from the cheeks constantly rolling down...<br />
<br />
第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看一看就会明白的。”<br />
<br />
The next day, the aunt put a magazine in front of Lanying: "This is what I found from the library, you will understand if you read it."<br />
<br />
这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到一篇文章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的一小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的题目——<br />
<br />
It was a magazine of ''Fine Arts'' published in that year. With trembling hands, Lanying opened the pages and found an article. The article criticized an oil painting by Yuan Yunsheng and included a photo of it. What was that? The painting was shrunken into a small and pitiful piece that could not be seen clearly. The girl finally found the title of the painting--<br />
<br />
水乡记忆<br />
<br />
Memory of the Water Town<br />
<br />
“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
<br />
"It's okay. It's okay. It would burn if you continue frying it."<br />
<br />
“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
<br />
"Be gentle, don't let others hear it."<br />
<br />
“我先尝尝——哈,又香又脆!”<br />
<br />
"Let me taste it first--ha, it's delicious and crispy!"<br />
<br />
“放开肚皮吧 ,反正不花钱……”<br />
<br />
"Tuck in. It doesn't cost money anyway…"<br />
<br />
袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng lying in bed, heard the laughter, the sizzle of boiling oil, and the greedy sound of chewing from next door, along with the aroma of fried oil cakes, keeping him awake at night. <br />
<br />
这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择一处乡土气息浓厚的地区深入生活 ,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓库隔壁的一间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传口号消失了,生理本能在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是一出率先占有填充材料的喜剧。<br />
<br />
This was the warehouse of the production team, located in a small town near Suzhou. Not long ago, Yuan Yunsheng returned to the Central Academy of Fine Arts from Shuangqiao Farm, and got back to Professor Dong Xiwen's studio to learn from him. The teacher suggested him to choose an area with a strong local flavor to plunge into the thick of life, collecting materials for his graduation work. He came to a town in the regions south of the Yangtze River and was assigned to a hut next to the production team's warehouse as the accommodation. It was a time of national economic hardship, and the water town, which was praised as “the earthly paradise", was also facing the threat of starvation. The fanatical slogan that was once popular disappeared and physiological instincts took effect in people, which was first shown in the town's cadres. In order to fill a few people's bellies, they went harm to the group, compressing others' bellies. The late-night performance was a comedy of being the first to take possession of the filling material.<br />
<br />
袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng rolled over in bed, causing a few rats to crawl out beside the pillow and hop around on him.<br />
<br />
“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
<br />
"There's a noise!" The man next door said, "Should we ask that painter to come?"<br />
<br />
“别理他!”<br />
<br />
"Don’t mind him!"<br />
<br />
……<br />
<br />
这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预一下也无可厚非 。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
<br />
This was the material of real life! Paint it. Since "art was subordinate to politics", there was nothing wrong with intervening in such life. The painter lay in bed, his heart flowing with the feeling of concerning for the country and the people.<br />
<br />
然而,夜间的梦寐 并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
<br />
However, the dream at night did not leave the painter with a deep impression. He had his own understanding of the function of art. He came here for pursuit of the beauty in life, and the dust of life could not cloud the artist's heart of gold. The place he went to during the day gave satisfaction to his pursuit. A few weeks later, he returned to Beijing with everything that he wanted.<br />
<br />
回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,一股不可遏制的创作冲动驱使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去一个晚上的时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
<br />
One day after returning to Beijing, he leaned on his bed and thought after dinner. An uncontrollable impulse of creation drove him to pick up the brush and readily draw on the draft paper, the tip of the brush as smooth as floating clouds and flowing water. In only one night, he sketched out his graduation work.<br />
<br />
他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
<br />
He took the sketch to visit Teacher Dong Xiwen. The teacher looked at it and said: "I think it is distinctive. The workload is not small. Get on with it!"<br />
<br />
他把行李卷、画布和油彩,一股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上一摊,不分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
<br />
He moved the bedding roll, canvases and oil paints into the large warehouse of the college. This warehouse was used to store large-scale cultural relics, including a tall stone camel, an excavated stone horse and a stone tiger in front of the tomb of the Han Dynasty general Huo Qubing. The floor was covered with thick dust, and the walls were covered with cobwebs, like a gloomy old castle. He spread the bedding roll on the floor, and worked day and night. The stone tiger and horse watched a young painter working like a maniac. Two months later, Yuan Yunsheng asked someone to help him lift out a huge oil painting.<br />
<br />
这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
<br />
The painting was titled ''Memory of the Water Town''.<br />
<br />
《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优 ”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的分数都不肯给。<br />
<br />
''Memory of the Water Town'' became the topic of conversation in the circle of art. The doyens of painting such as Dong Xiwen, Ye Qianyu and Huang Yongyu praised it, who argued that his graduation grade should be "excellent". Some others shook their heads and frowned, refusing to give him even a passing grade.<br />
<br />
水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
<br />
What was the memory of the water town for the young painter?<br />
<br />
画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
<br />
In the picture is a small bridge common in Suzhou, which is the style of traditional architectural left over from the Ming Dynasty, with exquisite structure, decorated with delicate sculpted reliefs. The two sides of the bridge show the houses, streets and the lively scene of the market trading during the Spring Festival.<br />
<br />
看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。一个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开一张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。一个淳朴的小女孩刚才卖掉一只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着一桩桩美好的故事——人们在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
<br />
Look, there are people setting up the stage for Beijing opera performance, there are people selling New Year's pictures, and there are people selling grain and vegetables, so lively. A beautiful country girl spreads out a newspaper at her feet and sets bunches of flowers on it, expecting people to visit. A simple little girl has just sold a lamb. Perhaps because the cute little animal was fed by her hands when growing up, she sees it being taken away, showing a look of melancholy... With the strong national style and local customs and practices, the painter drew hundreds of lifelike characters, around the stone bridge to tell good stories--people exchanged their results of hard work a year here, and were pleased and gratified by the rich and colorful folk recreations.<br />
<br />
桥下是一泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
<br />
Under the bridge is clear, rippling and sparkling. The dark-awninged boats, small wooden boats and barges carrying purchases for the Spring Festival are so close to each other, and brush past the others. The boatmen are all humble, avoiding each other, and quickly giving the way for the neighboring boats. A young man lies leisurely on the bow of the boat, the sunlight sprinkling over his face, and thinks with a vision of the future…<br />
<br />
这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举世无双的韧性——走向明天!<br />
<br />
Weren't the small bridge and the river the reappearance of our national features! Our nation suffered a lot, and was at a very difficult time; however, our indomitable national spirit was not destroyed by the disaster. We were strong, confident and optimistic, emphasized courtesy, and maintained great dignity, with a slow rhythm, calm pace, and resilience that was unparalleled in the world--towards tomorrow!<br />
<br />
谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
<br />
Who could have guessed that the original idea of this painting was conceived in that hut in the water town, that shady with mice hopping around, adjacent to the evil. What a contrast between the hard work of the people, the innocence of the painter, and the greed, selfishness and deceit just a wall away! The painter brushed away the shadows of life, and used painting language to express his deep love for his country and people with good wishes. This was the self-analysis of the painter's mind and character!<br />
<br />
当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩 ,年画的敦厚朴实和壁画的装饰趣味。<br />
<br />
When ''Memory of the Water Town'' was put on public display, hanging in the auditorium of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, the response from the audience was enthusiastic. Some people left comments, some took pictures, and some copied it. Just in terms of its innovation in artistic style, people were amazed by it. The author put aside the "three unities" of plot devices of Western oil painting and the traditional perspective rules, and adopted the ingenious technique of cavalier perspective of Chinese painting, so as to make the independent stories on the picture blend together. When portraying the characters, the author masterly used the tools of Western oil painting, boldly used line modeling, and absorbed the exaggeration of the ancient art of pottery figurines to depict images of the figures with different expressions. The painting had the splendor and magnificence of oil painting, the exact delineation and heavy colors of Chinese painting, the sincerity and simplicity of New Year's picture and the decorative interest of fresco. <br />
<br />
把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为一炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿了吧！<br />
<br />
It was the author's dream to integrate the ancient and modern, Chinese and Western painting arts into one. His dream should come true!<br />
<br />
但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
<br />
However, the fate of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was suddenly reversed, which was taken off the wall of the exhibition hall and thrown into the garbage dump where scraps were stored. Later, a young man who loved table tennis found its value and dragged it behind the table to use it as a baffle to block the ball. Later, a student from the art history department felt bad for it and secretly cut it down with a scissor, folded it up, and pressed it under the bed in the dormitory. However, the college reported it to the police in panic, bringing in the comrades in the department of public safety to enter the college to reconnoiter, as if searching for an indecent prohibited thing. Finally, the enthusiastic collector had to hand it over, and the campus loudspeaker immediately broadcasted that it was "another victory in paying great attention to class struggle".<br />
<br />
离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着一堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的路口只亮着一盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
<br />
Was it bizarre? Not really. The climate was changing, three years of hardship passed, the fairs trade in the countryside was banned, and the days of hunger were forgotten. Today's politics made new requirements on yesterday's art, and it was time for the painter to be spanked. The author of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was faced with lots of questions that he could never answer: Why didn't you paint a tractor? Why didn't you paint the wheat field with a good harvest? Why didn't paint… Among all the criticisms, no one had ever accused him of not painting the scene next door that night, though such phenomena were a well-known fact. There was only one green light at the intersection of literary criticism: turning left. The artist who stayed true to the art went straight ahead and was denounced as being too "right".<br />
<br />
中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出作者的艺术才能。”<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, once said with emotion: "If this painting had not been damaged, and had been put on display, I can predict that the audience would have rehabilitated him. Even in this tentative work, we can see the artistic talent of the author."<br />
<br />
只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世——其中也包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, the remains of the painting couldn’t be found. The only memorial it had left was a pathetically small picture, accompanied by a critical article that sounded plausible, published in a corner of ''Fine Arts''. The painter should feel honored that it was the first time his work had been made into a zincograph, and printed, spreading around the world--including the one in front of Lanying.<br />
<br />
月台边<br />
<br />
At the Edge of the Platform<br />
<br />
兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
<br />
The second morning Lanying spent in Hangzhou was the most painful time for her.<br />
<br />
阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子 ,还会累及子女。<br />
<br />
The aunt stood beside her as her guardian, and pointed to the magazine as if she had found a powerful proof. The aunt said that a man like Yuan Yunsheng would not correct his mistake, and others would not tolerate him. It would be a lifelong mistake to combine with him, never seeing the light in the future and implicating the children.<br />
<br />
那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘与画家结合 的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
<br />
The magazine did not frighten the girl’s love away, but made her feel the seriousness of the problem. It seemed that it was not only the aunt, the college, but also the whole society that prevented her from being bound with the painter. It seemed that everyone except the girl was cursing him and splashing dirty water on the painter. Did the girl still have the courage to go towards him? Talking about the future children, those innocent babies that would follow the adults and spend their whole life in the mud, Lanying's heart was softened.<br />
<br />
这是一场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
<br />
It was an irresistible spiritual siege. Lanying hunched over the table and burst into tears…<br />
<br />
阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效力,递过一支笔、一张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
<br />
Seeing the effect of her good intention, the aunt handed over a pen and a piece of paper: "Writing him a letter and making it clear, you’ll feel comfortable. If he really loves you, he will not give you trouble again…"<br />
<br />
兰英接过纸笔。<br />
<br />
Lanying took the paper and pen.<br />
<br />
她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家能够得到另一个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后一个字,信纸上满是斑斑泪痕。<br />
<br />
She wrote a very firm statement, cutting off communication with the painter, and didn’t explain anything. She took the responsibility, saying that she was willing to pay the lifelong price for her impulse and would never get married again. In her letter, she wished the painter to get another girl who would love him as much as she did… When she finished the letter, it was blotted with tears.<br />
<br />
阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
<br />
The aunt took it over to have a look and sighed: "Look, the handwriting was wet with tears. It’ll make him suspect that you are not really want to break up with him ......"<br />
<br />
“本来就是被迫的！”兰英没好气地说。<br />
<br />
"It was forced!" Lanying said angrily.<br />
<br />
阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
<br />
The aunt finally got the written pledge and was relieved, sealing the envelope with her own hands, sticking a stamp on it, and taking it to the post office.<br />
<br />
兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将把信撕得粉碎,一赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下 ,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净……<br />
<br />
Lanying returned to Suzhou from Hangzhou, and felt every day like a year, repeatedly imagining the painter's reaction. The painter would be furious, wouldn’t he? Lanying really did not want to add a new scar to the painter's heart, which had been badly wounded, so she did not write irritating words in the letter. But the painter would understand the reason for the change. The letter had already constituted a contempt and insult to him. Would he rip it up and decide not to write back in a fit of anger? Or would he bow to his fate and fall into a depression? Or, the girl's worries were superfluous. Men were men, who were easy come and easy go. He would wipe the girl out of his memory, completely forgetting her.<br />
<br />
兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
<br />
The last thing that Lanying wanted to happen was the latter situation.<br />
<br />
画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
<br />
The painter wrote back with stiff words. He agreed to break up, without a hint of a pleading tone, with only one last condition, asking Lanying to come to Changchun and explain the reason face to face.<br />
<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
<br />
Like hearing an echo from an empty valley, Lanying ran into the college office clasping the letter.<br />
<br />
姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
<br />
The girl placed the letter on the table and said: "Please allow me to go to Changchun."<br />
<br />
对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
<br />
After reading the painter's letter, the other party looked up and asked, "Is this the last meeting?"<br />
<br />
“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
<br />
"Yes." The girl said, "We're very determined."<br />
<br />
学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
<br />
The college could not say the reason for refusing the girl and let her go. On the day of the girl’s departure, the school made a long-distance call to Changchun, asking the painter's unit to cooperate and pay attention to the actions of Lanying and the painter, promoting both sides to break off the relationship.<br />
<br />
火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人头攒动的月台上,她一眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
<br />
The train was flying along, the vast fields passing outside the window. The girl was anxious. She was longing for the scenery of the Northeast in her dream before, but this journey didn’t leave any impression on her. She only remembered the moment the train arrived in Changchun, when she saw the painter with a pale face at a glance on the crowded platform.<br />
<br />
兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
<br />
When Lanying stepped out of the train, the painter was coming up. He still held the sketchbook in his hand, pretending to be calm. However, his tired and dark look, holding back great pain, could not escape the girl's keen eyes. It was exactly what the girl hoped to see, and a thrill of joy rose in her heart. <br />
<br />
画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
<br />
The painter stopped at the edge of the platform, keeping a few steps from the girl.<br />
<br />
“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
<br />
"Please answer now," the painter's voice was like the low roar of a wild animal, "why do you change your mind? Why do you bend to the will of others?"<br />
<br />
姑娘把旅行袋往前一递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听懂是什么意思。<br />
<br />
The girl handed her travel bag forward: "Do you think I come to Changchun to negotiate with you?" The painter was stunned, not understanding what it meant.<br />
<br />
“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑一趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
<br />
"You fool! If I want to break up with you, do I need to come all the way here?" The girl smiled sweetly, "There is a long way to go, and you need to be tested!"<br />
<br />
明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解——那些无尽无休的劝说、挑唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
<br />
The bright sunlight returned to the painter's face. He even forgot to pick up the girl's bag, and was so excited that he didn’t know what to do. The girl dodged back a little, really afraid that the guy who lost his mind in front of him would throw himself into her arms in full view of a large crowd with no regard for the customs of the country… The consensus reached the Changchun negotiation--those endless persuasions, instigation and restraint were really tiresome that decisive actions had to be taken to get rid of it.<br />
<br />
兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同财产,是一条印花双人床单。在一间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
<br />
Lanying and the painter married in the summer vacation after graduation. The wedding was held in Changchun, without relatives officiating, and classmates congratulating. The only gift they received was a blouse given by Yuan Yunfu to his sister-in-law; the new common property was a printed double bed sheet. In a temporary borrowed hut, they performed a solemn ceremony of life. Lanying spent her honeymoon in disassembling and washing the bedding for the former bachelor. The short honeymoon ended as Lanying's reporting date approached.<br />
<br />
人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
<br />
The Queen Mother of the world was not willing to give in after all, and deliberately laid a galaxy between them.<br />
<br />
兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽容——除了东北三省之外,其他任何一个城市都行。实心眼儿的 姑娘把手指放在地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
<br />
Lanying's place of work was chosen from the map. When she was assigned after graduation, the college gave her lenient conditions--any city except the three provinces of the northeast. The honest girl put her finger on the map and found the nearest place to the Northeast along the railway line. Her finger crossed Beijing, Tianjin, and rested on a small circle south of Shanhaiguan: Tangshan. She thought that it was the ideal crossing of the Milky Way on earth.<br />
<br />
她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着一块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生活无法自理。直到这时,她才感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
<br />
Not long after she arrived in Tangshan, she was caught in an "unprecedented" storm. With marches, rebellions, and two factions fighting with each other with machetes and spears, the whole city fell into primitive tribal strife. Lanying was alone and lived in uncertainty in troubled times. The annual visits to her husband comforted her a little in spirit. Later, she was pregnant. The overwork and poor living conditions caused Lanying to suffer from lumbar spine strain. Her back was like carrying a heavy iron plate, and she couldn’t roll over in bed. There was no one to make fires in the house, and the flimsy door and windows could not withstand the cold wind. The lumbar disease made her stiff and unable to take care of herself. By this time, she felt that she needed her husband by her side so much…<br />
<br />
画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到一份工作,又赶到唐山,好不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户口的证件。至此,他们已经两地分居六年了。<br />
<br />
The painter went around and asked, and finally found a job for his wife in a hospital in Changchun, and then rushed to Tangshan. With difficulty, he passed many hurdles and got the documents to switch his wife’s job and transfer her registered permanent residence. So far, they had been living apart for six years.<br />
<br />
兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西——优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。耿耿 银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
<br />
When Lanying sat on the train, the platform in Changchun moving in front of her eyes again, she could not help but have mixed feelings. For six years, she lost a lot of things out of her own volition--a bright future in politics, a beautiful youth and excellent conditions. The corners of her pretty eyes were covered with worry lines, and her beautiful cheeks became sallow with a gaunt appearance. She paid a huge price for the ordinary life of ordinary people, and a charge of "the family member of a rightist whose hat was taken off”. The Milky Way was in front of her, and there were the same strict rituals in heaven and on earth. <br />
<br />
陋室铭<br />
<br />
The Humble Room<br />
<br />
破木桌上摊开一张纸片,一只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
<br />
A piece of paper was spread out on the broken wooden table, and a small hand holding the brush, applied watercolor to the paper. Round, square and irregular blocks of color appeared under the brush, representing different still life: the round one was a washtub, the square one was an old wooden box, and the irregular one was a diaper on a clothesline…<br />
<br />
这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
<br />
It was the artist's son sketching. He was born in Changchun, and no matter how difficult the path of his parents' life was, he grew up according to the laws of nature, until he was old enough to grasp a brush with his little hand. <br />
<br />
小屋只有14平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, 一排大连铺占去三分之二的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
<br />
The house was only 14 square meters. A little sister added to the family, and four of them were crammed into a small space, with a large bed taking up two thirds of the area. The broken wooden table in front of the window was the dad's workbench at ordinary times, and the son's bed at night. The rest of the space was for cooking and washing clothes, and there was no extra space.<br />
<br />
眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
<br />
The artist's son had painted the scene in front of him more than once, which was his first subject of contact with life. This lovely third generation in new China repeatedly painted with the most beautiful colors in his young mind, and had accumulated dozens of sketches. Whenever the neighbors came to visit, he would take out his works and show them off in front of them. However, the comments he heard were very disappointing: "Alas, Lanying, why does your precious son only paint the slums?"<br />
<br />
兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
<br />
Lanying gave a wry smile. What could she say? All her son painted were things in her house.<br />
<br />
兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头一样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
<br />
After Lanying moved to Changchun, she took on heavy housework and lived a hard life. She was used to eating ready-made meals in the canteen before, and never cooked; by this time, she was distressed to find that it was more difficult to steam the corn cake without turning souring than to perform a surgical operation in the hospital. For a long time, the steamed corn cakes, steamed bread of corn and steamed buns that the whole family ate were unbearably sour and hard like stones. The children still gobbled them up as if they natively tasted like that.<br />
<br />
家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱一个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭 。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
<br />
The family's finances were tight. The total income of two college graduates could not keep up with the increase of family members and the rise of commodity prices. The son was lucky enough to eat cake for a few days when he was a child. When it was the daughter's turn, the parents could no longer afford to buy cakes, so they had to buy bread that was a dime per piece to give the children a treat. Later, the parents brought home discounted black bread. Even so, the children were so happy, smiling from ear to ear.<br />
<br />
他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
<br />
They pinched and scraped, but still spent more than their income. At the end of every month, Lanying and the painter would empty out their pockets face to face.<br />
<br />
“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, we haven't bought the meat for this month yet." Lanying said.<br />
<br />
“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
<br />
"Let’s buy it." The painter said, "It's Sunday. It’s time to improve a meal."<br />
<br />
妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服口袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
<br />
The wife had been penniless for a while. The painter turned his pockets inside out to scrap up enough money to buy a catty of meat.<br />
<br />
儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
<br />
The son, who had already prepared a small snow sled and waited there, took the money and ran away with joy.<br />
<br />
过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
<br />
After a while, the son's cheer came from the door: "Come on, the meat is bought back!"<br />
<br />
画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
<br />
The painter and his wife ran out to greet it, but they were stunned: "Where's the meat?"<br />
<br />
儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚才他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤肉颠得没影了……<br />
<br />
My son looked back and saw that the snow sled was empty. He was too happy and run too fast, the catty of meat tossed away…<br />
<br />
“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
<br />
As the "buyer" had never failed in his duty, he became downhearted this time. The painter and Lanying had to comfort their son, holding his embarrassed little face and laughing.<br />
<br />
儿子也笑了。一场精神上的欢笑 代替了假日的会餐。<br />
<br />
The son laughed too. A time of mirth in spirit replaced the holiday meal.<br />
<br />
在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, the so-called "spiritual aristocrats" were finding jobs for themselves. Some decorated the facade of restaurants and hotels, painting some pictures to exchange bottles of wine and whole cases of fish. Some were busy with their household sidelines, producing modern furniture by hand. Others worked as art tutors, and if the students they taught had good backgrounds, their situations would soon be improved. But Yuan Yunsheng did not get any "extra money" and did not look for a way out. He was very busy. He worked during the day, honestly completing the tasks given to him and trying not to be faulted; after he came back home at night, he indulged in painting, steeping himself in his beloved art, and didn’t have time to do the housework.<br />
<br />
在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似的想点办法?”<br />
<br />
At the most difficult time for the family, Lanying said to Yunsheng in a tentative tone, "Could you think of some ways like others?"<br />
<br />
“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
<br />
"Think of what?" The painter asked in amazement.<br />
<br />
“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合过得去……”<br />
<br />
"I don't ask for anything more." The wife said, "I mean, if possible, to make life at home barely get by..."<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head: "There is a way. But that would wreck my art!"<br />
<br />
妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题一搁,永远不再提起。<br />
<br />
The wife knew the weight of the word "art" in her husband's heart. The subject was put aside, and never mentioned again.<br />
<br />
兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥一顿饱一顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣服洗一洗吧。”<br />
<br />
Lanying was sick from exhaustion, tortured by the pain of lumbar spine strain, and sometimes had to stay in bed. Whenever it happened, the sky of the family collapsed and everything was in chaos. The whole family ate erratically; when the children's clothes were dirty, they didn’t have others to change; the sheets were splattered with the painter's oil, like a canvas of an abstract painter... As a medical worker, Lanying had minimum requirements for sanitation. She could not tolerate it anymore, lying in bed and commending the painter: "Wash the sheets and clothes today."<br />
<br />
“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干一场。<br />
<br />
"Okay." The husband obediently put down the brush and rolled up his sleeves as if he was about to get some things done.<br />
<br />
他把床单和衣服泡了满满一盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他一忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;一忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
<br />
He soaked a full tub of sheets and clothes. As he washed, his hands on the washboard slowed down, and his eyes rested on the opposite wall. There hung a new painting, with the oil not yet dry. One minute he tilted his head sideways, looking pleased with himself; the next he frowned, as if he had found something unsatisfactory.<br />
<br />
他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
<br />
He stood up sharply, wiped his soapy hands on his breast, took a brush, and jumped on the bench, making some changes on the painting.<br />
<br />
兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过一丝苦笑。<br />
<br />
Lanying lay on the bed, with a wry smile flitting across the corner of his mouth.<br />
<br />
画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
<br />
The painter jumped off the bench and went back to the washtub. After a while, he couldn't help looking up at the wall again...<br />
<br />
一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,一共跳了多少次?”<br />
<br />
The day passed. He finally finished washing a tub of clothes, taking more than seven hours on it, and did not have time to cook. The whole family was hungry. Lanying, angry and amused, asked humorously, "Hey, how many times did you jump up and down from the bench?"<br />
<br />
画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
<br />
The painter shook his head blankly.<br />
<br />
兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪——整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
<br />
Lanying said: "You do not remember. I counted it for you--twenty times! Oh, what am I gonna do about you? When doing housework, you are lazy than anyone; when picking up the brush, you are more diligent than anyone..."<br />
<br />
天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入睡;儿子一沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另一只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
<br />
It was dark, and snow fell heavily outside the window, like tearing the cotton wool. Lanying, looking at the ceiling, wasn’t able to sleep; as soon as her son touched the pillow, he fell into a sound and sweet sleep. In the other corner of the hut, under the dim light, the painter was rocking his daughter with one hand, while the other hand was holding a brush and painting. He hummed an improvised lullaby, the song echoing softly in the hut...<br />
<br />
漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
<br />
They spent many nights like this in the long winter.<br />
<br />
兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为一个正直的画家的妻子的全部甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
<br />
The husband’s humming rang in Lanying’s ears, and she silently sank in thought. When she first fell in love with him, she admired his integrity and loyalty to art. Now, she had experienced all the joys and sorrows of being the wife of an upright painter. He was content with being poor and lonely. He didn’t have a normal family life, couldn’t see the light at the end of the tunnel, only asking for work, not the harvest... Who but his wife really understood him? He not only was not understood by the society, but he was also identified as a bad man, with sticks always waving above his head. Whenever thinking of these, the pain of the poor couple's disharmony dissipated, and the wife's heart turned into a spring water, full of female tenderness.<br />
<br />
她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
<br />
She thought, if two people shared the housework, they would get nothing done. Even if she had a terrible backache tomorrow, she had to bite the bullet and get up, bearing the heavy load of housework...<br />
<br />
车轮下<br />
<br />
Under the Wheels<br />
<br />
袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng slept late at night and when he rubbed his eyes the next morning, it was already broad daylight outside the window. "Shit!" He dressed frantically, "I'll be late again..."<br />
<br />
兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为一家人做早饭。<br />
<br />
Lanying had already got up, enduring the back pain, and was making breakfast for the family.<br />
<br />
画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
<br />
The painter asked in amazement, "Who told you to get up? You are not well yet!"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺一躺。”画家匆匆吃过早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
<br />
Lanying said, "It's nothing, I'm still on sick leave anyway. I can still lie down after you leave." The painter hurriedly ate the breakfast, pushed the bicycle and rushed out the door.<br />
<br />
在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过一场大雪,北风一刮,马路上结着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, it was the season when dripping water turned into ice and the breath from the mouth immediately turned to frost. After a heavy snowfall, and when the north wind blew, the roads were thick with ice. The trees on the roadside were covered with silver flowers, and the buildings shone with a dazzling silver glow like a richly decorated jade palace.<br />
<br />
画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命 的时刻。<br />
<br />
The painter was very anxious. Early in the morning, for others was the beginning of the day's work, but for him was the continuation of the night's work. The turn of day and night was the moment when he was busy running around and exhausted.<br />
<br />
人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
<br />
How many ordeals there were in life! Social, natural and accidental...<br />
<br />
穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽听一阵隆隆的马达声。一辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
<br />
Through a street, there was a busy intersection ahead, cars running like the tide. He rode forward cautiously, and suddenly heard a rumble of motors. A reckless truck crossed the intersection, refusing to slow down, as if there was no one else there. <br />
With fast speed, slippery ground, and without preparation, the painter had been too late to dodge it. A crush with a sound of bang, the painter flew far away with the car and fell to the ground. Just then, another truck came from the opposite side, and the painter was passed under the wheels of the truck like a ball...<br />
<br />
街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
<br />
When the people in the street saw this scene of tragedy, they screamed and froze there.<br />
<br />
卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
<br />
The truck driver lost his composure, forgetting to brake in the panic, and putting his right foot on the accelerator and drove on. The truck's big wheels ran over the bicycle, the steel frame uttered a short groan, and the bicycle seat was crushed into a ball. The truck kept going towards the painter.<br />
<br />
这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸口一轧,就算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
<br />
It was a moment of pain, a moment of approaching death. It was over. As soon as the car rolled over his chest, his life was over. He had suffered repeatedly on the road of life, and had never been willing to give in to the fate, but this time he was afraid that he would not be able to escape. He left his beloved art, his wife and children, and died meaninglessly...<br />
<br />
按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同情——预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头——抗争！<br />
<br />
According to Goethe, people could only have three feelings about their own sufferings and that of others: fear, terror and sympathy--the anxiety of foreseeing the coming catastrophe, the unexpected discovery of current suffering and the sympathy for the suffering of the time or the past. However, the painter, who fell under the wheel, had none of these three feelings in the hazy consciousness that flashed through his mind. Even at such a moment, he showed his stubborn character, and had only one strong thought--to struggle!<br />
<br />
接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
<br />
What happened next was unbelievable to the startled roadside pedestrians. They saw the body that fell under the truck suddenly straightened up, stretching out a pair of arms, and clinging to the front bumper of the truck. The truck roared and shook, as if to destroy the barrier; the person under the wheels struggled, slid, and refused to give up. People in the streets of Changchun saw a scene of flesh and blood stubbornly fighting with the steel monster.<br />
<br />
“千万不能倒下！”画家想,“一倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
<br />
"I must not fall down!" The painter thought, "If I fall down, I'll never get up again..."<br />
<br />
卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
<br />
The truck dragged the painter along the icy road, for 5 meters, 10 meters... Until the driver regained his normal reflexes, he hit the brake, overcoming the car's inertia.<br />
<br />
画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
<br />
The painter was injured seriously and his clothes were torn into ragged strips. He was taken to the hospital.<br />
<br />
抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天才清醒过来。<br />
<br />
When Lanying, who was sick at home, heard the news, there was a buzz in her head, and she felt that the sky was spinning, and her legs went limp. It took her a long time to wake.<br />
<br />
兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾一切地赶到医院。存车的时候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙怎么也拔不出来。<br />
<br />
Lanying got on her bicycle and, not knowing where she got the strength, she rushed to the hospital regardless. When she stored the car, she lost strength again. She could hardly look at the hospital door, her hands were shaking, and she could not pull the key out.<br />
<br />
存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚才进医院的时候,自己还能走路。”<br />
<br />
The old lady at the parking lots recognized Lanying: "You are Yuan's lover, right? Don't be afraid. He just walked into the hospital by himself."<br />
<br />
兰英这才觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
<br />
Lanying felt relieved now.<br />
<br />
兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫妻双双躺在床上。<br />
<br />
Lanying took her husband home to recover from his injuries. After this mental stimulation, the sick wife’s body was heavier. Both the couple lay in bed.<br />
<br />
孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和女儿一人捧回一包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
<br />
The child was left unattended. Lanying took out a few cents and asked the children to buy food. After a while, the son and daughter each brought back a packet of cookies, standing by the bed with tears in their eyes.<br />
<br />
儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
<br />
The son said, "Dad, eat this."<br />
<br />
女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
<br />
The daughter said, "Daddy, eat mine."<br />
<br />
兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿......<br />
<br />
Lanying took the children into her arms, wiping away the tears on their little faces for both of them. The children understood the family situation and tasted the desolation and fears of life too soon. Lanying only regrated that she couldn’t have more money to give her husband and children a little spiritual and physical compensation...<br />
<br />
画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰问。他们留下一百块钱赔偿经济损失——画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
<br />
While the painter was recovering from his injuries, the driver who caused the accident and the head of his unit came to his house to apologize and express sympathy. They left a hundred yuan to compensate for the economic loss--the painter's clothes, bicycle and medical expenses.<br />
<br />
客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
<br />
After the guests left, the painter sat on the bed, deep in thought.<br />
<br />
兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看一眼也令人伤心。<br />
<br />
Lanying looked at the pile of money and sighed sadly. Because her husband got it by escaping from death, she was sad even by glancing at it.<br />
<br />
画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
<br />
The painter suddenly got out of bed and paced around the house.<br />
<br />
“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, are you crazy?" His wife said with the tone of blame, "Your leg is not yet healed. Back to bed!"<br />
<br />
画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民——我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去！”<br />
<br />
The painter walked up to his wife, his eyes shining with excitement, "Look, I can walk! You know, I haven't gone out to paint for a long time, because I don't have that condition. How I long for the grassland in northern Shaanxi, the rushing Yellow River, and the people there--I'll take this money and go to Yan'an to paint from life!"<br />
<br />
这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是一个贫病交困的人的最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对一些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那样遥远,拼着性命才能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
<br />
This was the voice in the heart of the artist who just got up from under the wheel! This was the highest hope of a poor and sick man! His request was so limited, which didn’t matter to some people, but was so far away for him, who needed to fight for it with his life. Lanying felt like her chest was hit hard, with her heart burning, and ran out of words. She looked at her husband's sincere face, and understood it. Now that it could bring joy and satisfaction to him who longed to paint, then let him go.<br />
<br />
数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
<br />
A few days later, Yuan Yunsheng, dragging his unhealed body, carrying a heavy pack and painting tools, set off on a snowy and windy road with his wife's affectionate gaze...<br />
<br />
袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng went through difficulties on the trip to northern Shaanxi. As months went by, his face was engraved with the marks of the plateau sun and sandstorms, and he returned home with his bag full of sketches.<br />
<br />
袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,一举一动都受到街道居委会的监视。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing, he went to see Jiang Feng. At that time, the air in Beijing was suffocating. Jiang Feng was over 60 years old, whose situation was even worse than before. He lived alone in a messy compound, and his every move was monitored by the street committee.<br />
<br />
袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没有什么值得高兴的——中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路线走一遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng sat in front of the past the secretary of the Party Committee, bringing recent news of the old areas of northern Shaanxi. The news was nothing to cheer about--the People's Republic of China had been founded for more than twenty years, and everywhere he went along the route of the Red Army’s strategic shift, the people were still living in poverty. The young painter declaimed against the country’s failings, but suddenly thought that the walls have ears, and worried about the situation of the old man, so he dropped the subject and quietly looked at Jiang Feng.<br />
<br />
江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上挂着一幅画框,嵌着一张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng listened peacefully, looking calm, and had not intention of stopping him. On the wall behind him hung a framed sketch, which was exactly the one that Yuan Yunsheng painted for Jiang Feng in the Shuangqiao farm ten years ago. The old man maintained his inherent dignity as usual, and was a true tough man. Yuan Yunsheng experienced once again the spiritual power that calmed people down.<br />
<br />
袁运生打开画夹,把一组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng opened the portfolio and placed a group of sketches of people in northern Shaanxi in front of Jiang Feng, including a shepherd with a wrinkled face, a young people with a cold gaze showing disdain for everything, and a rural girl with her head bowed in contemplation... These characters were real and simple, with distinctive characters, and the unprovoked, unintelligible or artificial smiles that often appeared in general paintings could not be found on their faces. He painted the unique temperament of the people in northern Shaanxi.<br />
<br />
“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
<br />
"No one will publish these pictures if you take them out now." Jiang Feng said, "Maybe if you lose sincerity, you will get praise. But I think you are on the right way. The artist can't cater to the mass!"<br />
<br />
袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手一丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out another long scroll of landscape, 68 centimeters wide and more than 400 centimeters long. This painting depicted the lofty Jiaji Pagoda, the flowing water of the Yellow River that broke the ice, and the vast plateau scenery. It took him two whole days to stand in the cold wind and meticulously paint it with his frozen hands, and the strokes were rigorous and majestic.<br />
<br />
画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于1974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
<br />
In one corner of the picture were noted a few lines of small characters: "Written two days after painting at the end of December 1974, when the Yellow River water just broke the ice and flowed on."<br />
<br />
江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他说:“呵,黄河!一泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声音……"<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng extremely liked it after looking at it. The familiar scenery in northern Shaanxi in the picture evoked the strong feelings of the veteran of Yan’an. He said, "Oh, Yellow River! Flowing down vigorously, rushing and surging, and stirring up lofty high raging waves. I seem to hear its voice again..."<br />
<br />
春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了!<br />
<br />
The day finally came like the spring water breaking through the ice and fire erupting from the heart of the earth!<br />
<br />
担担画<br />
<br />
Shoulder Pole Painting<br />
<br />
“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
<br />
When the "Gang of Four" disappeared from political life, the art world burst into life.<br />
<br />
美术界一些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头角,施展才华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是一个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。这个磨砺精深的艺术家，就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
<br />
Some upright men in the art world sympathized with Yuan Yunsheng, whose talent had been buried for many years, and hoped that he could show his talent again. Zhang Ding, the president of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, wrote specially to recommend him to paint. Fei Zheng, who was now the vice chairman of the Hebei Art Association, also made an effort to help him. However, all these efforts were mildly rebuffed and turned back by various excuses. It was clear that Yuan Yunsheng's name was still an ominous thing, subject to indifference and discrimination. This artist with superb painting skills did not even have the opportunity to draw a comic book.<br />
<br />
乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
<br />
Even when it's warmer there is still a chill. It is most difficult to keep well.<br />
<br />
在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,一头不驯服的长发如垂下万根烦恼丝 。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
<br />
In his humble room in Changchun, Yuan Yunsheng was drawing a portrait of himself with a brush in his hand in front of a mirror. A head full of sadness appeared on the sketch, with deep creases, a weed-like beard, and long untamed hair such as hanging down ten thousand trouble silk. His hair was very long and he didn’t have time to care about it, so rarely trimmed it. This appearance, from the personality of the art, matched the painter's difficult state of mind and stubborn temperament... He was nearly forty years old. Since the criticism of ''Memory of the Water Town'', he had not painted a picture according to his own will for more than ten years. How could it not make him have thousands of trouble silk!<br />
<br />
他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
<br />
He threw down his paintbrush irritably and picked up a novel to kill time.<br />
<br />
兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
<br />
Every time Lanying returned home, she always asked with concern, "Yunsheng, have you got any news?"<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head, and the wife sighed.<br />
<br />
兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
<br />
Lanying was already a middle-aged woman. She gave birth to a third child and shouldered the burden of a family of five. On the family agenda, Lanying's main concern was still her husband's art. Art brought joy to her husband, and his joy was her joy. She also waited with the same anxiety.<br />
<br />
1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
<br />
In May 1978, the enthusiastic efforts of a few friends finally paid off, and Yuan Yunsheng got a chance to go out sketching in the beautiful Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province.<br />
<br />
他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了妻子,全家人像过节一样快乐。<br />
<br />
When he received the telegram from Yunnan People's Publishing House, he was ecstatically happy. He immediately told his wife this excellent thing and the whole family was happy just like at a festival.<br />
<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
<br />
His son asked curiously, "Dad, what does Xishuangbanna look like?"<br />
<br />
“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
<br />
"Beautiful!" He said with a smile, "I'll show you the picture I paint when I came back."<br />
<br />
女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
<br />
His daughter tugged at his coat: "Dad, what good things are there in Xishuangbanna?"<br />
<br />
“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
<br />
"There’s a lot of fruit." He stroked his daughter's head, "I'll buy some for you to eat."<br />
<br />
他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
<br />
He was busy packing and organizing his painting tools, making a big mess, and he could not wait to start on his way.<br />
<br />
兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying looked at the things spread all over the floor and asked in amazement: "Why do you bring so many things?"<br />
<br />
丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注一掷了!”<br />
<br />
Her husband said, "It's a rare opportunity, so I need to go for broke!"<br />
<br />
是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使一颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴一样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
<br />
Yes, this painter had been treated coldly for many years. If you think about his action of picking himself up from under the wheel and going to northern Shaanxi that year, you can understand his feelings at this moment. He was eager to go deeply into life and considered it more important than life. Now, a publishing unit sent a formal invitation to him, which made the heart of a man who was loyal to art ablaze like dry firewood.<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,一针针,一线线,直缝到天色薄明。<br />
<br />
In the evening, Lanying found some old cloth and sewed a backpack for her husband under the lamp, needle by needle, thread by thread, until the break of dawn.<br />
<br />
“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
<br />
"How long will you go this time?" Lanying asked.<br />
<br />
“三个月吧。”画家说,“你一个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
<br />
"About three months." The painter said, "Can you take after three children alone?"<br />
<br />
妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
<br />
The wife smiled: "I'm satisfied that you can think of my difficulties..."<br />
<br />
这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府——景洪。他被西双版纳惊人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁着珠光宝气。<br />
<br />
In May of that year, Yuan arrived at Jinghong, the capital of Xishuangbanna, on the banks of the Lancang River. He was deeply shocked by the amazing beauty of Xishuangbanna. When he looked up, everywhere was rich green, and everywhere was picturesque. <br />
The forest was as green as emerald, the valley was like being paved with green velvet, the river was like flowing congealed fat, and the moist air also felt like crystal. No wonder the Dai people compared Xishuangbanna to a shining jewel. The mountains and waters here were glittering with pearls.<br />
<br />
有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
<br />
Who could feel the beauty of life better than a painter? There were so many beautiful sceneries, as if he came to the paradise in hope. The creator of nature seemed to have a special love for this land and poured out the romantic colors of the world everywhere, so that he feasted his eyes on it and he was ecstatic!<br />
<br />
他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地 。招待所的服务人员很有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进一间中等客房。<br />
<br />
He checked in the Jinghong hostel and took a break, preparing to go deeper into the Xishuangbanna. The hostel staff received the painter politely, leading him into a moderate room.<br />
<br />
画家开口就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "How much does this room cost for one day?"<br />
<br />
服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
<br />
The staff said, "Two yuan and a half."<br />
<br />
“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
<br />
"Is there any room cheaper?"<br />
<br />
“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"There is one for seventy dimes a day."<br />
<br />
“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"Good! I’ll check in this room."<br />
<br />
他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下一步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
<br />
He was used to being careful with his money. When he left Changchun, he borrowed a limited amount of money from his unit. He spent a large part of it in the road, and the next economic source was still unknown... The painter plunged into the thick of life and everyone lived well, but he was willing to live in the bottom.<br />
<br />
幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
<br />
Fortunately, Fei Zheng supported him again, sending him 300 yuan from Hebei. This was three-quarters of Fei Zheng's demobilization fee. This timely and generous support gave Yuan Yunsheng the courage to move forward.<br />
<br />
云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
<br />
The Yunnan People's Publishing House assigned a young editor to accompany Yuan Yunsheng to paint. When the Dai boy came to meet him at the hostel, the painter took out everything he had brought from Changchun.<br />
<br />
好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有140多斤重。小伙子看了直抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
<br />
My goodness! The big wooden box contained 18 pieces of plywood, several big bundles of manuscript paper, and a backpack as big as a sack, which was stuffed with pigments, painting tools and daily necessities... They weighed more than 140 pounds altogether. The young man scratched the back of his head after looking at them. He couldn’t imagine how the painter carried them off the train and took them into the dense forests of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out a shoulder pole, smiling at the young man.<br />
<br />
瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
<br />
Look how proud he was, as if he wanted to take the natural scenery of Xishuangbanna into his bag. A few days later, he picked this bent shoulder pole, into the lush subtropical jungle...<br />
<br />
奏鸣曲<br />
<br />
Sonata<br />
<br />
瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
<br />
Look, that was the big banyan tree! Its crown was like clouds that could shelter against the sun, as a solemn and benevolent old grandmother.<br />
<br />
呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
<br />
Ah, that was the areca nut tree, straight and tall, and the local young men and women used it to symbolize everlasting love.<br />
<br />
那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝一样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
<br />
That was the sandalwood tree, whose branches and leaves were as thin as hair. It looked so dashing, like a poet reciting poetry with his hair hanging down.<br />
<br />
就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
<br />
Even the bamboo forest here was different. It was luxuriant and verdant, growing in clusters, like a peacock showing its tail.<br />
<br />
西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在一棵树前,一画就是一整天。<br />
<br />
The plants in Xishuangbanna were the most beautiful! The abundant sunshine and humid climate gave the plant population a particularly rich, dense, and graceful image. The world here was unparalleled, and was looked full of beautiful things. The painter had to suppress his excitement, to gather his feelings and to retain his feelings more precisely in a slower way. He stood in front of a tree and painte all day.<br />
<br />
“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
<br />
"Hey, what kind of tree is that?" The painter asked his fellow editor.<br />
<br />
“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
<br />
"It's called the pattra-leaf tree." The young man enthusiastically introduced, "The Dai people use its leaves instead of paper, and many ancient folklores are recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra."<br />
<br />
袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。每一笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理睬......<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng spread out the paper and painted the unique canopies of the pattra-leaf tree, which were in order, as if the tree wore an armor made of metal chains. Each brush stroke played its role, showing the vitality of green life in layers on the paper. The tropical sun was shooting flames above the painter's head, and it was very hot that beads of sweat oozed from his head. Swarms of insects flew out of the grass and could not be driven away. His legs were red and felt itchy from being bitten. He shook his head helplessly and simply ignored them...<br />
<br />
中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来才深有感受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
<br />
At noon, the young man brought two glutinous rice cakes and thrust them into the painter's hand: "I deeply feel that painting is really a hard job when I come out with you."<br />
<br />
画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在一起的......”<br />
<br />
The painter said with a smile, "Beauty and bitter are always linked together..."<br />
<br />
他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
<br />
They had been staying in a Dai family's bamboo hut. The painter got to know the customs of this warm and kind ethnic group from the perspective of daily life.<br />
<br />
每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
<br />
Every day after dinner, the painter came out of the bamboo hut and went to the forest glade. This was the most charming moment in Xishuangbanna. The sunset glow tinted the village, the treetops, and the water of Lancang River red. A group of Dai girls came slowly, carrying small spinning wheels on their shoulders, small lanterns in their hands, and their tight and floor-length dresses swaying with the wind. They were so slender, so light on their feet, and so graceful, as if a group of beautiful fairies had descended from the sky.<br />
<br />
“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露一截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后一盘,自然地溜向一边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
<br />
"So beautiful!" The painter expressed his feeling to the companion, "Look, those girls' girdles, golden and silver, are like exquisite crafts. But I will never paint their girdles, which will separate the body and destroy the integrity of it. I prefer their natural dressing. See, those girls' dressing is very natural. Their jackets are short, their skirts are long, and a part of the waist is exposed between the jacket and the skirt, which is a high level of aesthetic point of view, making them look slim and tall, pavilion... And look at their hairstyle, tying the hair into a bun, which is naturally slipped to one side. It has got a real Tang style! This ethnic group is amazing. They know best the beauty of details..."<br />
<br />
少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来一阵阵悠扬的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
<br />
The girls dispersed to all corners of the forest glade. Small groups of boys came out of nowhere, and gathered around the girls, talking and laughing. Through the twilight, an orange lantern was lit, and there came the sound of spinning wheels. Dai women had known since childhood not to rely on their parents but to rely on hard-working hands to prepare their own dowry. They were weaving happy love.<br />
<br />
诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就在苦苦思索一个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
<br />
The poetic atmosphere of the southern border was knocking on the window of the artist's inspiration. Whenever such a moment came, Yuan Yunsheng was thinking hard about a question: What was the master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
<br />
Was beauty in your colorful appearance and jewelry with pearls and jades? Painted your face, but could not paint your unique charm; collapsed at your feet, only acting as a servant of the naturalism.<br />
<br />
面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我感受却不尽相同。一百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,一百种不同的表现方法。<br />
<br />
Faced with the same object, the images on different painters’ retinas were the same; however, their own feelings were not the same. A hundred painters could have a hundred different answers, and a hundred different methods of expression.<br />
<br />
艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。 <br />
<br />
Art was valued for having a "self". He was looking for “his” own Xishuangbanna.<br />
<br />
从夏末到中秋,他在一串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勐定的一个偏僻的小村寨。<br />
<br />
From late summer to mid-autumn, he left his footprints in a string of pearl-like place names, and then came to a small remote village in Mengding.<br />
<br />
这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本寨的荣耀。<br />
<br />
The painter's visit caused a sensation in the small cottage, where apparently few guests had visited. During the evening meeting, the whole village cast warm and curious glances at him with laughter and noise, as if his arrival was an honor for the village.<br />
<br />
同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无力同病魔斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是“鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者一商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
<br />
The fellow editor told him that the village was called "Ghost Village". Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Dai people could not fight against illnesses. If someone was ill, it was said that he was possessed by a "ghost". When someone in the same village was pointed out to be the incarnation of the "ghost", several "respected" elders would immediately drive him out after discussion. Over time, those who were driven out formed a village, gathering a group of people who were discriminated against.<br />
<br />
“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的一瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
<br />
The sufferings of the people in the "ghost village" drew the deep sympathy of the painter. The painter cast a friendly glance at them and found that the people here had beautiful looks. If the Dai ethnic group was a beautiful ethnic group, this village was the essence of beauty. The girls like flowers, the charming women, the sturdy young men, all of whom were happy to accept the painter's request to make a sketch of themselves. Later, they simply came to the painter's home and stood in front of him with good grace, hoping to attract his attention. The painter was so busy that he waved his hand without a break. They loved beauty by nature and were proud of it.<br />
<br />
小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在一起进餐,然后由男方挑着担子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像一泓溪水那样清澈。<br />
<br />
Life in the small village was calm and quiet. The painter lived for many days and he didn't hear of any family quarrel. Men and women were financially independent of each other, and earned income, daily necessities, and working tools were clearly divided. When there were rifts in a family, the woman usually proposed to move away. The whole family sat quietly together for a meal before her departure, and then the man carried the pole to see her off. They treated each other with respect. The old and young were in harmony with each other. The young generation respected the elders and served them with courtesy; the elders took care of the younger generation, but never rigidly restrain them... What a simple relationship between them! It was not polluted by the secular society, as clear as a stream.<br />
<br />
一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
<br />
After a day’s work, the young men and women danced the Elach on the green grass. Joyful drumbeats and the crisp sound of gongs created a distinctive rhythm. The girls formed a queue, stepping gracefully and stretching their soft arms. They had reserved and self-respecting looks with a solemn yearning in the haze. What were they yearning for?<br />
<br />
这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在古老的贝叶经里的传说——从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑娘们生出一计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头一沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
<br />
This was a common dance in the Water-Sprinkling Festival. The Dai editor who accompanied the painter told the painter a legend recorded in the ancient the Pattra-leaf Sutra--once upon a time there was an ugly demon Lord who wanted to take the beautiful girls from each village for himself. He plundered six girls and wanted to take the seventh one, which was hated by the Dai people. The girls came up with a plan to get him drunk and asked him, "What are you most afraid of?" The devil said that he was afraid of nothing. He could only be strangled with his hair, but he could be reborn when his head touched the ground... The girls strangled his head while he was drunk. In order to keep his head from touching the ground, the girls took turns to hold his head in their hands. The annual Water-Sprinkling Festival was to celebrate the people's victory over devilry and to wash away the dirty stains left behind by the demon Lord, so that the spring of freedom and happiness was always in the hearts of the Dai people...<br />
<br />
晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
<br />
At night, the painter returned to the bamboo hut. The moonlight was bright and the shadow of trees was dancing, like flowing mercury pouring in front of the door. On this silent night, he could not sleep for a long time.<br />
<br />
广为流传的神话传说,往往是一个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑海里汇集,逐渐熔化为一团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西双版纳。这是一个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条——单纯与丰富高度和谐地统一!<br />
<br />
Widespread myths and legends were often the windows to the mind of an ethnic group. The story about the origin of the Water-Sprinkling Festival deepened the painter's understanding of this ethnic group who loved beauty. Since he set foot on the land of Xishuangbanna, the mountains, rivers, forests, people and landscapes he saw were like countless colorful light spots, whirling and flickering, gathering in his mind, and gradually melting into a bright flame, which rose from the canopy of thinking. Oh! The master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna, wasn’t the spiritual power of the Dai people to worship a better future and great love? Their hearts were so clean that they always kept their ethnic group’s nature of purity. So, the colorful and vibrant plants, and the natural and simple Dai women with their unique beauty constituted the painter’s general image of Xishuangbanna: "my" own Xishuangbanna. This was a world of lines, soft and elastic lines, unrestrained and smooth lines, upright and beautiful lines, and also tangled and slow lines like gossamers--simplicity and richness were highly harmonious!<br />
<br />
他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的一组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
<br />
He waved lines and made hundreds of line-drawing paintings. If the heavy color painting was compared to the symphony, the line drawing was the solo of lines. Yuan Yunsheng's artistic style, which was formed through years of honing, showed a fantastic charm in the solo of lines. It was a set of passionate sonatas that he dedicated to the Dai people with sincere feelings.<br />
<br />
昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
<br />
Kunming held an exhibition for Yuan Yunsheng. His paintings were delivered to the Yunnan People's Publishing House for selection and editing. The foreword written for him by the editor Liu Shaohui began with a few lines from the Dai folk narrative poem ''The Gourd Letter''.<br />
<br />
公主啊!<br />
<br />
O Princess!<br />
<br />
你是一颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
<br />
You are a brilliant jewel,<br />
<br />
但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
<br />
I wish I were a silversmith,<br />
<br />
把宝石镶在我的心上......<br />
<br />
Setting the jewel in my heart...<br />
<br />
他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
<br />
He praised Yuan Yunsheng for setting the "jewel" of Xishuangbanna in his heart.<br />
<br />
二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
<br />
For more than twenty years, it was the first time Yuan Yunsheng heard an affirmation of his art.<br />
<br />
袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
<br />
During his stay in Yunnan, Yuan Yunsheng constantly received letters from his wife, who told him they were safe.<br />
<br />
兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
<br />
What Lanying said in the letter made the painter felt like drinking a glass of sweet spring water, cool and delicious, soothing and cheerful when he read each letter. At the end of his wife's letters, there were always these lines: "Don't worry about the family. Paint your paintings, and if you can't finish them, you don't have to hurry back..."<br />
<br />
画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
<br />
The painter smiled with relief. During his busy days in Xishuangbanna, his main worry was "the fire in the backyard", but his wife's letter lifted his worries.<br />
<br />
其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
<br />
In fact, it was an eventful year. A wind of earthquakes blew in Changchun, and the whole city was in a panic. People were busy building quake-proof shelters, moving things, and transferring to shelters.<br />
<br />
画家在长春的一个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁愕然了。<br />
<br />
A friend of the painter in Changchun, thinking of the painter's wife and children, rushed to their home to visit. He was stunned.<br />
<br />
这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出一个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗震棚挪动着……<br />
<br />
The humble room was as it had been, and the furniture and sundries were not organized. The children were playing with their heads down. Lanying, bending over and sweating, dragged out a heavy wooden box full of the painter's paintings from the house, and moved it to the nearby quake-proof shelter...<br />
<br />
显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
<br />
Obviously, this was the most precious thing in the heart of the painter's wife. She knew the painter's hardship best, understanding the value of art from the hardships of it.<br />
<br />
朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道。<br />
<br />
The friend's heart trembled with excitement. Lanying still did not tell her husband about this. If his friend had not later recounted the scene he saw, he would never have known.<br />
<br />
壁画之梦 <br />
<br />
The Dream of Murals<br />
<br />
不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。 <br />
<br />
At some point, through the glass window covered with ice flowers, a hazy blue light came in, like a fairy stretching out her white arms and lifting the veil as soft as a dream.<br />
<br />
屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀一样扑朔不定。 <br />
<br />
The room seemed bright and dim, with faint yellow glow of the electric light and murky air around, and the glow fluttered in a haze of smoke like wings.<br />
<br />
他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。 <br />
<br />
He wagged his head vigorously, and rubbed his eyes. The paintings on the table turned into a white mist, rising and spreading. Everything was blurred.<br />
<br />
他搞不清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里…… <br />
<br />
He didn’t know whether he was awake at the moment, or vaguely in a dream...<br />
<br />
昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。一抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从梦境回到了现实的世界。 <br />
<br />
Last night he slept too late and smoked too much. Or rather, he didn't sleep, just lying next to the messy paintings and ashtray full of cigarette butts on the table for a while. When he looked up, it was dawn. The first ray of morning sunlight caressed the buildings in the suburbs of Beijing. He pushed the window open, and let the cold morning breeze chase away the fatigue of the night. He went back from the dream to the real world.<br />
<br />
这是1979年1月,在北京白家庄。 <br />
<br />
It was January 1979, in Baijiazhuang, Beijing.<br />
<br />
袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和工艺美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得到了推荐,也在被邀请之列。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing on his way home from a six-month-long trip to Yunnan. A great joy forced him to stay in Beijing. At that time, the new terminal building of Capital Airport was like a magnificent crystal palace going up in the eastern suburbs of Beijing, equipped with the world's most advanced technology. The spacious and comfortable departure lounges and restaurants, automatic doors, baggage carousels, weight scales with electronic digital display, special quartz clocks made by Seikosha, high-efficiency indoor air conditioning devices, precise navigation and communication systems... They constituted the magnificent air gateway of the capital, whose degree of modernization was unparalleled in China. In today's world, modern architectural design was integrated with exquisite art decoration, and the ancient mural art was revived, accommodating with the development of construction industry based on new industrial technology. People in charge of the capital airport were managers of the new enterprise indeed. They invited more than fifty excellent artists as well as arts and crafts workers, led by Zhang Ding, the dean of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, to create a large modern murals for the terminal building. Yuan Yunsheng, who had been silent for more than two decades, was lucky enough to be recommended and was among the invitees.<br />
<br />
随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使一些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单一些,拿他的话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。” <br />
<br />
With the opening of a crack in the window of ideological liberation in early 1979, the close relationship between literature and art and politics, which was very hot, was gradually adjusted over the years, making some artists calm down. They reconsidered the old and difficult proposition of the relationship between literature and art and politics, and denied the claim that literature and art was subordinate to politics. Their intentions were kind and peaceful, unwilling to use the arrow of art to touch sensitive political issues to avoid being blamed for something other than art; at the same time, they hoped to escape from the influence of the wind change and maintain the relative stability of the range of art, without rising or falling like a floating feather. But Yuan Yunsheng thought more simply, in his words, "Art is art, which needs to be sincere."<br />
<br />
袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节——生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻辑和客观条件应运而生的。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng's large mural design ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', was born based on this simple logic and objective conditions.<br />
<br />
候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的一块地方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴的哲理。他决定抦弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。” <br />
<br />
A large wall of the passenger’s dining room in the terminal, together with a corner, was given to him. What a big space! He stood before the white wall, astonished and delighted, wanting to pour out all the words in the heart to this wall. Artistic creation always spared no effort without reservation to present the most beautiful part of the artist's feelings of the mind. For more than twenty years, the language of art and life he had accumulated resounded in his heart like a surging river, and the unforgettable impression he had from his trip to Xishuangbanna was the climax of the good things and the leaping wave of his whole life experience. At that time, the only subject he thought of was the Water-Splashing Festival. The myths and legends he heard, recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra condensed the emotions like flames, the free imagination and the clear and pure philosophy of the tropical ethnic group. He decided to abandon the conception of genre and narrative paintings and used the lines he had practiced over the years to express the people's desire for a future of freedom and happiness. He said, “It is a pleasant surprise for me to paint a mural praising the spirit and sentiment of the Dai people on a huge wall with 27 meters wide and 3.4 meters high."<br />
<br />
主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知命运如何? <br />
<br />
Artists who advocated art for the sake of politics could also attribute this subject to politics. However, this idea, after all, left the specific political context and contained the deeper and more distant time and space as well as timeless themes. If it was in the past, such an artistic conception would have been intervened by politics and would have been accused of rebelling against orthodoxy. What was his fate this time?<br />
<br />
袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng's brother, Yuan Yunfu, gave him a room in his apartment in Baijiazhuang, which was both a bedroom and a studio. However, the small bed was rarely used. He spread out his sketch and entered a dream, a dream of flowing lines and beautiful colors...<br />
<br />
在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统一。那座大门却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门搏斗,一支接一支地吸烟,一张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。 <br />
<br />
In the dream of art, there were also untold troubles. Apart from anything else, the door in the wall of the dining room was annoying. Originally, the artistic language of mural should be harmonized with the artistic language of architecture. The door, however, divided the wall and become an obstacle to the artistic conception. He spent the whole night fighting with the annoying door, smoking one cigarette after another, and drawing one sketch after another. His brother lived in the room opposite to his room, who could see the light coming from the crack of the door all night long, and the smell of smoke wafted up. And his energy, effort and life were consumed in the light blue smoke. The next day when the door was opened, his face was pale.<br />
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“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。 <br />
<br />
"How can your body stand it!" Yuan Yunfu said.<br />
<br />
“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……” <br />
<br />
"It's doesn't matter." He smiled faintly, "I get used to it..."<br />
<br />
在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出一股韧性。为了重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟此时的心情。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of the elder brother, his younger brother was a completely different people than before. On the night more than twenty years ago, when Yuan Yunsheng told his brother that he was classified as a "rightist” in the same room, his round face was full of innocence, as if he was telling a light anecdote. Now, that face had experienced the hardships and troubles of life, stumbling on the rugged road, and had become angular with a stern look, revealing a resilience. In order to regain this opportunity to create in Beijing, what a price he had to pay! Yuan Yunfu understood his brother's feelings at this time.<br />
<br />
整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法——“拱桥的两头很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》） <br />
<br />
All day long, Yuan Yunsheng locked himself in his room and had a dream of mural. He was inspired by the familar principle of the arch bridge in the suburbs of Suzhou, and found a way to cross the gate -- “The two ends of the arch bridge are very heavy, holding the towering and thin top. It is stable in mechanics, and how beautiful the curve like the rainbow is! The idea of constructing a rainbow of people with the activities of the Dai people is fascinating..." (quoted in ''Art Research'', Issue 1, 1980, Yuan Yunsheng: ''The Dream of Murals'')<br />
<br />
实现这个迷人的想法,真是一项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每一个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了…… <br />
<br />
It was a huge project to realize this fascinating idea. The splendid and colorful images of the Water-Splashing Festival came to his eyes: carrying water, sharing water, splashing water, dancing, boat racing, bathing at night, the quiet family life in the bamboo house of the Dai people and the young men and women who didn’t want to leave with each other in the jungle after dusk... Hundreds of characters appeared under his brush, and each of them was vivid and true. At the same time, it was decorative, exaggerated, personalized, and full of lyricism. The sketch was longer and longer, and the crowds like the rainbow were stretching out. The painter, who was immersed in the frenzy of his creation, seemed to be accompanied by music in his ears. He grasped the brush as if grasping the baton of the symphony orchestra, to express the shifts of melody and rhythm through the flowing lines, and the solemn, fervent and tenaciously upward theme song gradually rose up...<br />
<br />
又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还有灯光。 <br />
<br />
It was another early morning that Yuan Yunfu, who lived in the opposite room, woke up from his sleep and saw the light under the door of his brother’s room.<br />
<br />
这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunfu was also very tired these days. He also participated in the creation of murals at the Capital Airport, painting the first draft of ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan''. If he was exploring the path of art with his experience and artistic accomplishment, his brother was sprinting with his life. Half a month passed, in fifteen days and nights, the light in the opposite room did not go out. What an amazing perseverance! Even the golden stone should cry for his sincerity of the art... <br />
<br />
对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀! <br />
<br />
A light blue smoke was coming from the opposite room with a heavy coughing sound, each hoarser than the last. However, he was still painting, and still smoking incessantly. The coughing sound could be heard without end, and it was heart-wrenching to hear it in the silence before dawn. He was destroying the foundation of his health to build a spiritual building, and the lines on the sketch were clearly the blood streak of life!<br />
<br />
天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休息几天,回长春去过年吧。” <br />
<br />
After dawn, Yuan Yunfu said to his brother, "You probably forget that the day after tomorrow is Lunar New Year's Eve. I advise you to take a few days off and go back to Changchun for the New Year."<br />
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袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用。第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制。” <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng shook his head, “I don’t have enough time. Although the second draft was drawn, but I haven’t had time to copy it."<br />
<br />
“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。” <br />
<br />
"You don’t care about your own body, but you have to think about Lanying.” His brother said. "You have been away from Changchun for more than six months. It is unreasonable for you not to go back for the Spring Festival."<br />
<br />
提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能在家待几天?” <br />
<br />
When it came to Lanying, Yuan Yunsheng was no longer obstinate. On New Year's Eve, he rushed back to Changchun. Lanying asked him, "How many days can you stay at home this time?"<br />
<br />
画家说:“春节一过,还得讨论画稿。这一稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "After the New Year, I still have to discuss the drafts. I have not made a copy of this one yet, so I brought it back home."<br />
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兰英叹了一口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……” <br />
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Lanying sighed, "So, even in the Spring Festival, you still can’t have a good rest..."<br />
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画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "It's not difficult to copy, but it takes time."<br />
<br />
兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?” <br />
<br />
Lanying thought about it, "Well, can I help you?"<br />
<br />
画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。 <br />
<br />
The painter looked at his wife with affection and nodded.<br />
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这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下一个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹…… <br />
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This was the first time that Lanying was directly involved in her husband's artistic creation. At night, they turned on the lamp, set up a glass plate, laid out a translucent copy paper, and copied the painting of the Water-Splashing Festival together. This work, which celebrated the Dai people, also left traces of a Han woman's feelings...<br />
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从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
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From the first to the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, they spent their time in this way. Lanying and the painter stayed up late together.<br />
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忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴云笼罩着...... <br />
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The busy painter did not even notice that Lanying's thin face was more withered, covered by the heavy cloud of illness...<br />
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牛皮纸 <br />
<br />
Kraft Paper<br />
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春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。 <br />
<br />
Just after the Spring Festival, Yuan Yunsheng returned to Beijing with the colored design.<br />
<br />
绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
<br />
Preparations for the mural painting were under way intensely. In order to get the best artistic effect, Capital Airport imported a batch of acrylic paints from Hong Kong. This was a new painting material popular in Europe, America and Japan in recent years. It had bright and soft color, strong covering power, and was suitable for multi-layered sfumato and foil, and maintained the stability of the color of the painting for a long time under various conditions of wetting, drying, hot and cold.<br />
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参加《泼水节——生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
<br />
Lian Weiyun and Fei Zheng, two collaborators who participated in the painting of ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', also arrived in succession. They were both accomplished middle-aged artists. After looking Yuan Yunsheng's design, they were impressed by the charm of the combination of traditional techniques of Chinese painting and western modern art, and were interested in it and eager to have a try.<br />
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脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。 <br />
<br />
The scaffolding was set up and the walls were covered with solid backing cloth. Everything was ready and it was early summer. One day in June, Lanying came to Beijing from Changchun.<br />
<br />
兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的一次妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。 <br />
<br />
This time, Lanying made a special trip to Beijing to see a doctor. In fact, her condition had already been discovered. In a gynecological examination before the Spring Festival, the doctor felt an obvious foreign body in the uterus. Because her husband was away and she needed to take care of the children, her illness had not been treated. Recently, due to the rapid aggravation of her condition, she had to go to a large hospital in Beijing for a diagnosis.<br />
<br />
在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻待在一起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮工。 <br />
<br />
While waiting to see a doctor, Lanying and her husband stayed in a newly built hotel for international flight crews at the Capital Airport. The room was small but comfortable with spring beds, a bathroom, and shutters in the ceiling also indicated that there was air-conditioning equipment. Since her marriage, Lanying had never lived in such a high-class accommodation with her husband. However, the time the couple spent together was still limited. Every day, when the first purple rays of the morning sun came in through the curtains, Yuan Yunsheng turned over and got up, hurriedly wipded the face. The sound of rushing away footsteps could be heard in the corridor. After a busy day, it was already late at night when he returned, covered in sweat and paint, like a house repairman who had just climbed down from the scaffolding.<br />
<br />
好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是出乎意料的,几个月以前的一小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到癌——恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢? <br />
<br />
Finally, it was the day of diagnosis. When Lanying got the diagnosis, moving tired steps out of the hospital, she felt her body and mind sinking downward, as if sinking into a bottomless abyss. The rate of the development of the disease was unexpected, a small foreign body a few months ago had grown into a big lump. Lanying herself was a surgeon, with professional knowledge and clinical experience, who understood the seriousness in the rate of deterioration of the disease. She thought about cancer--malignant cells tended to cause malformed expansion, while benign tumors were relatively steady; if it was not cancer, it was just a fluke. She walked slowly, and her mind was empty, the grey mist floating and sparks of consciousness flickering on and off. She felt painfully, intuitively, that the defenses of her health had been destroyed by everyday’s pressure because of excessive worry and fatigue from chores over the years. Did her lover, her children and everything in the future still belong to her?<br />
<br />
她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了候机大楼,站在脚手架旁…… <br />
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She went back to the airport. The painter could not be found at the accommodation during the day. She stepped across the long asphalt road, entered the terminal building, and stood by the scaffolding...<br />
<br />
大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着一场真正的建设——脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。 <br />
<br />
The lobby was spacious and solemn. The new glass windows reflected the blue sky, and the abundant light rushed in and then spread out, softly scattering on the four walls. Here, in the heat of June, there was a real construction going on--the huge structure of scaffolding climbing up to the roof; on the ground, brushes, palettes and paint buckets were piled up haphazardly, showing how busy the art site was.<br />
<br />
兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在…… <br />
<br />
Lanying looked up and found her husband's figure on the scaffolding. He bent over, holding a brush in his hand, sketching on the wall. His long black hair hang down from his forehead, swinging ceaselessly in the air with his body, as if a cellist holding the bowstring was absorbed in the enchanting music he was playing, and the world around him no longer existed...<br />
<br />
兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,一个艺术赤子的オ华、智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。 <br />
<br />
Lanying stood there dumbfounded. Here and now, perhaps only she could deeply understand her husband's state of mind. From the tiny world of that humble room in Changchun to this grand and spacious lobby, the talents, wisdom and suppressed ambition of a man who was loyal to art broke away from all fetters and poured out. He even wanted to put his hot life into the tip of the brush, pouring, splashing and melting into the picture in front of him.<br />
<br />
墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华! <br />
<br />
Various lines on the wall presented the dense jungle in Xishuangbanna, full of vitality. With the movement of the brush, like the process happened in color developer in the darkroom, the images of several Dai women gradually became clear. Their stretched waists, flexible arms, and action of strong inclination added the sense of motion of the scene of water splashing. Lanying seemed to hear the cheerful rhythm of the small gong and the exciting drumbeat of the elephant-foot drum. The hazy expressions in the women's faces had infinite yearnings. Thus, the dead wall became alive. It was the artist's passion for life was shining, the reproduction of a beautiful vision. The limited life of the artist was sublimated in the meaningful art!<br />
<br />
站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。 <br />
<br />
Standing behind the art stage to see the art was the easiest to touch off the aftertaste of life. <br />
<br />
兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得到了精神的补偿。 <br />
<br />
Lanying felt relaxed, and the heavy feeling like being clogged with lead when she left the hospital was alleviated. Art had already intruded into her destiny, turning her from an outsider into an insider. She got spiritual compensation from the breath of artistic creation.<br />
<br />
这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查有结果了吗?” <br />
<br />
At this time, the painter climbed down from the scaffolding, spotted his wife at a glance, and walked quickly towards her, "Did you get the result of the examination at the hospital?"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说......” <br />
<br />
Lanying said. "Go on with your work. I’ll talk to you when we came back..."<br />
<br />
妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。” <br />
<br />
The peaceful face of his wife reassured the painter. He said, "You should stay in your room and have a good rest."<br />
<br />
“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
<br />
"I'm not tired. Lanying smiled faintly and said with studied casualness, "What can I do for you?"<br />
<br />
Chapter Two<br />
<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对一对画稿上的人物动作。” <br />
<br />
The painter seriously considered for a moment: “Oh, I need you here. Please imitate and check the action of the characters on the sketch for our reference.” <br />
<br />
“好吧。”妻子应允了。 <br />
<br />
"All right." The wife agreed.<br />
<br />
兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容…… <br />
<br />
Lanying made various body movements on the painter’s instructions. Fortunately, she was an active member of the literary and artistic activities twenty years ago with a little dance skills, natural movements, and an ideal slender body. It consumed a lot of time, and the painter looked left and right, directing Lanying's posture while examining the characters on the sketch. For Lanying, who was ill, it was an excessive burden. But she maintained a dignified posture with great endurance, and a serene smile appeared on her pale and tired face...<br />
<br />
几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为一个外科医生,如果给自己开一张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的一桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カ一搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏在心底很久很久了。 <br />
<br />
A few days later, Lanying boarded the northbound train and left Beijing. Her husband went to the station to see her off. Until the moment before her departure, the wife did not tell her husband about her illness. Lanying repeatedly considered the gains and losses. As a surgeon, she would not have hesitated to write “hospitalize immediately and surgically remove" if she had given herself a treatment order. The key to the treating a relentless tumor, whether it was benign or malignant, was to treat it in time.But she thought of her husband, and a wonderful career beyond him. Once she was hospitalized for a major surgery, her husband would not hesitate to accompany her and serve her, because she had no other close relatives in this world. In that way, the painter's work would stop, or at least be influence. Her husband was struggling on the difficult road of art and could not be delayed. Lanying had to give up her treatment, even if it meant the hope of life, in exchange for the extension of the artistic life. This idea, from the day she fell in love with the painter, had been buried in her heart for a long, long time.<br />
<br />
一声长笛,列车开走了,载着一颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾霭中...... <br />
<br />
With a whistle, the train drove away, carrying the heart of an ordinary but great woman, and disappearing in the fog...<br />
<br />
袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,一株热带丛林特有的鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像是在为自己的青春而骄傲…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng and his collaborators worked hard and four months passed. The painting work was coming to an end. Turning a corner of the wall, a view of Xishuangbanna at dusk appeared. In the light blue glow, there was a Passionfora edulis unique to the tropical jungle. Its luxuriant branches and leaves were like a cluster of hydrangea, forming a beautiful screen. Dai girls Girls who took a bath at night, holding a clay pot, poured clear spring water on their body. They wore their long and undulating hair down to the ground, which seemed like the ripples of water flowing from high mountains. After the bath, the girls were combing their long hair with a tender smile on their face, as if they were proud of their youth...<br />
<br />
环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。 <br />
<br />
Surrounding the girl's bodies were a few flowing lines, which were the outline of the clothes that was sketched out in the draft. The painter was still uncertain how to handle them. In the process of painting, the onlookers who came and went through the lobby paid special attention to the girls taking baths at night on the wall, wanting to see whether they would be clothed or not.<br />
<br />
洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。“我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的一种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况他画的是神话传说而不是习俗…… <br />
<br />
It is a common knowledge in life that taking a bath (rather than splashing water) needs to take off clothes. In life, Dai women were more innocent. During the days in Xishuangbanna, the painter bathed many times with Dai men and women at the well and in the Lancang River. They were natural and graceful, treating nudity as a as a creation of nature, so they did not feel it was very mysterious. “I admit that I have more conservative thinking.” Yuan Yunsheng said sincerely, “Because of this, I am more respectful of them.” In the history of painting, the language of nudity was an artistic language with rich expressiveness. Represented by Venus in ancient Greece, it developed into an independent aesthetic category. Similarly, using the language of nudity to express the author's worship of women and the praise for life became necessary for this particular scene in the mural. Not to mention that he painted myths and legends rather than customs...<br />
<br />
看来,画家打错了主意? <br />
<br />
It seems that the painter got the wrong idea?<br />
<br />
在一些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和犯罪搅成一池浑水。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of some people, the style of nude was a “evil custom of barbarians” in the west! The richer the material life of the west was, the poorer the spiritual civilization was to the extent that the body was not covered by clothes. On the contrary, the great revolution of spiritual culture and the great retrogression of material production occurred at the same period in our country. In the past ten years, people’s vision had been highly purified. Chinese women did not even want to wear skirts, cheongsams, or tight-fitting shirts, and wrapped themselves up tightly so as not to show their changeable lines. By doing so, they would not stain the eyes of others and desecrate their bodies. However, treating aesthetics as the result of getting rid of evil concepts did not improve the morality of the society, but brought spiritual impoverishment and degradation. As a result, just like the pure springs turned into muddy currents, art and crime were mixed into a pool of muddy water.<br />
<br />
盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。 <br />
<br />
In the height of summer, when the scene of “bathing at night" stood out, although the images of these young girls were decorative, symbolic and simple, it still caused a stir.<br />
<br />
这并不显眼的一角却引来一批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
<br />
This inconspicuous corner attracted numerous viewers, including curious people, anxious people, passers-by and spectators. People were talking about it in different tones, surprised, harsh or vulgar...<br />
<br />
这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不韪了。如要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的一场争论。 <br />
<br />
It was the first time in years that a nude appeared on modern Chinese murals. The author did a wrong thing that was considered as a big one at the time. If he wanted to solve dispute, it was easy, lifting the brush, smearing a few strokes, and dressing the figures in blouses and skirts, which cost nothing. Then he and his whole family would be blessed and away from misfortune. But he was reluctant to do that. He thought of a controversy in history over the issue of nude art.<br />
<br />
六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的一班轻薄少年、无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军阀败北。 <br />
<br />
Sixty years ago, a group of courageous painters in Shanghai were reviled for using nudity in their teachings and creations. At that time, the newspapers published many critical articles, saying that the painter “offended public decency”, “wanted to make the women of the world into a shameless position" and “broke down the boundaries between Chinese men and women”... And at that time, a group of libertines and loafers in Shanghai took nude photos for sale, which provided handles to trolls. Until the warlord Sun Chuanfang was angered, the painter was wanted by telegram. The painter concentrated all his efforts on rising to the challenge without fear, and wrote articles saying that “Scoundrels made nude photos and obscene picture of prostitutes to attract others for profit, I am very sad... Why Private Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts is blamed? Why I am blamed?” "I advocated that ambition of art shouldn’t be takev away... Although I have to defy all difficulties and dangers, I will never refuse.” The struggle ended in victory for the painter and defeat for the warlord.<br />
<br />
历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的一桩旧案犹未了结。 <br />
<br />
History had gone by more than half a century. Times were different, but an old case in the art world was not settled yet.<br />
<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思想解放!” <br />
<br />
"What we encountered is no longer a body issue.” Yuan Yunsheng said to his companions, “It is related to the ideological liberation of the art world!"<br />
<br />
他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。 <br />
<br />
They insisted on making no changes. This detail in the murals was used as a stone of exploring and was thrown on the path of artistic spring presented in front of them after the smashing of the "Gang of Four".<br />
<br />
舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事…… <br />
<br />
After all, the pressure of public opinion was too great. In order to provide a peaceful environment for the painter to paint, the airport and the construction company were kind to cover up the doors and windows of the lobby while the painting work was still incomplete. Thus, the modernized doors were covered with thick kraft papers produced in the traditional way in China, and the murals painted in imported acrylic paints were hidden in a dull yellow glow of classical colors. The painter was at peace for the moment and went on with their unfinished work...<br />
<br />
不是结尾 <br />
<br />
Not the End<br />
<br />
10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动…… <br />
<br />
One day in late October, the autumn wind swirled yellow sand, sweeping above the streets of Beijing. Yuan Yunsheng walked down the street quickly, facing the wind, and his long and thick black hair fluttering in the wind...<br />
<br />
首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。 <br />
<br />
The painting work of murals at the Capital Airport had been completed. The artists and art workers, led by Zhang Ding, achieved great success. The papers and TV stations published and broadcasted murals with distinctive characteristics and modern style: ''Nezha Conquers the Dragon King'', ''Song of the Forest'', ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan'', ''The Spring of Science'' and ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life''... It was like a hot whirlwind in the art world and society, provoking intense reactions. Before the Fourth Congress of Chinese Writers and Artists, a group of celebrities from the circles of literature and art, theory, architecture, foreign trade and press and publication came to the Capital Airport to attend the unveiling ceremony and congratulate the artists.<br />
<br />
国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人一进入中国就有一个强烈的印象,这种艺术是一个国家国力的象征。” <br />
<br />
They acquired great recognition from foreigners. Foreign friends stood in the lobby of the terminal building, looking around the four walls with appreciative eyes and saying, "Beijing Airport will be famous all over the world for its murals.” ”It gives people a strong impression upon entering China that this art is a symbol of a country's national power."<br />
<br />
日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……” <br />
<br />
Hirayama Ikuo, a famous Japanese painter, also came to visit. He said that Chinese culture had two peaks in history: the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, and he believed that the third peak was coming. He said to Yuan Yunsheng with a smile, "After seeing your murals, I think Xishuangbanna is very beautiful. I really want to change the plan of this trip and go there..."<br />
<br />
这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰一样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔…… <br />
<br />
These days, Yunsheng was very busy. Meeting with foreign guests, accepting interviews and giving speeches on stage filled up his daily schedule. The lonely days were gone, followed by honors, applauses, and toasts, like stepping from the rugged mountain road to the peak full of flowers... He walked on the street, the wind and sand rushing toward him, and his lapel swaying in the wind. At this moment, contrary to the joy brought by the brilliant success, his face was strangely sad and sorrowful, frozen like ice, cold as a rock. It seemed to have infinite remorse in his indifference...<br />
<br />
呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化? <br />
<br />
Oh, what were you doing for? Were you still not satisfied? Or were you still worried about the change of political wind?<br />
<br />
不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着一个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作是坚定正确的表现。 <br />
<br />
No. He was not worried about that. He was confident. For more than twenty years, he had been tenacious exploring towards a set goal with the sincerity of art. He had never been discouraged in the face of any setbacks. He loved the art of the country, and was classified as a "rightist" because he disagreed with Soviet painting theory. But now people who took the same position were seen as having a solid and right performance.<br />
<br />
他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。 <br />
<br />
He loved the watery towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and took a hit for painting the beautiful scenes of the rural market. But now markets all over the country were more prosperous than they were then. Oh life, many things would be changed after thirty years! He no longer believed in temporary and hasty conclusions. His personality and the personality of his art had been strengthened by adversity, becoming independent of the conclusions.<br />
<br />
那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧? <br />
<br />
So, why were you sad? Why were you depressed?<br />
<br />
只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无望,只等待手术的判决…… <br />
<br />
Just because his wife, bosom friend, backer of his career and partner in distress, was lying sickly in the hospital. It was not until a few days earlier that he learned of the illness that Lanying had hidden from him. After four months of suffering from the disease, Lanying's health collapsed! When she left Changchun, her sick body wasted away, with weak spirit and pale and yellow face. Her female companions, who saw her off, could not see any color on her face, took it as their last farewell, breaking down in tears. At this moment, she lay quietly in a hospital in Beijing, and she seemed tired. Once the burden was lifted from her shoulders, she didn’t have words, complaints and hope, only waiting for the verdict of surgery...<br />
<br />
一个人站立起来了,另一个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南去的列车上一见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下一笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。 <br />
<br />
One people stood up, another fell down, and she fell down for him. Since they met on the southbound train, she made too many voluntary sacrifices. If the wife really could never stand up again, then what was the meaning of her husband's success today for her? She was a doctor, a good wife and mother, and a person dedicated to art. Her contributions could never be rewarded, and she could not leave a mark on any art classic, but only painful memories engraved in her husband's heart.<br />
<br />
画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼眶里滚动。 <br />
<br />
The painter ran down the street to the hospital, a storm stirring up in his heart. His eyes were wet, white tears rolling in his eyes.<br />
<br />
他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:一种是诚实的艺术家;另一种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。 <br />
<br />
He thought of the two kinds of people who were closest to art in the wide world. One was the honest artist; the other was the person who did not know art but was pure and simple, such as his lovely wife.<br />
<br />
他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少一些吗?<br />
<br />
They didn’t have other intention, just for art. To recognize their hard work was the minimum to tolerate the existence of art. But they suffered too much beyond art. Couldn’t they suffer less?<br />
<br />
他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。 <br />
<br />
He walked on the street in Beijing, his tearful eyes shining with anticipation.<br />
<br />
后记: <br />
<br />
Postscript:<br />
<br />
本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又过了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世事变迁未可尽述。 <br />
<br />
After this article was published, the heroine recovered after treatment. A few years later, the hero went to the U.S. alone. And many things had changed and it was impossible to mention them all.<br />
<br />
——作者 <br />
<br />
--Author<br />
<br />
（原载《十月》1980年6月） <br />
<br />
(Originally published in ''October'', June 1980)<br />
<br />
==卷一：10.热血男儿Hot-blooded Man==<br />
热血男儿 Hot-blooded Man<br />
<br />
李士非 Li Shifei<br />
<br />
满腔的热血已经沸腾。 <br />
<br />
The hot blood all over the body has been boiling.<br />
<br />
——《国际歌》 <br />
<br />
--''The Internationale'' (Chinese Version)<br />
<br />
一、能见到袁庚吗？ <br />
<br />
I. Can I See Yuan Geng?<br />
<br />
在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天，蛇口工业区和它的领导人袁庚，名扬国内外，越来越引人注目。 <br />
<br />
When the wave of reform is surging today, Shekou Industrial Zone and its leader, Yuan Geng, are becoming more and more famous at home and abroad.<br />
<br />
但是，我接受写袁庚的任务，未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他，手头也没有积累多少关于他的资料，而且听说采访他很困难：他是香港招商局常务副董事长（人们因此亲切地称他为袁董），大部分时间在香港，每到蛇口，都忙得不可开交，实在抽不出时间接受采访。 <br />
<br />
However, it was a bit risky for me to accept the task of writing about Yuan Geng. I had never met him and had not accumulated much information about him, and I heard that it was difficult to interview him: He was the executive vice chairman of China Merchants Hong Kong (so people affectionately called him Chairman Yuan). He spent most of the time in Hong Kong. Every time he came to Shekou, he was too busy and didn’t have time for interviews.<br />
<br />
但是，过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观，听过介绍，看过录像，袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣，接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口来，这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。 <br />
<br />
But after the past several times accompanying writers from other provinces to visit Shekou, listening to the introduction, and watching the video, Yuan Geng and Shekou aroused my strong interest. If I accepted the writing task, I could come to Shekou. The temptation was irresistible.<br />
<br />
”能见到袁庚吗？”“即使见不到袁庚也要写！”所谓“冒险”，无非是写不出或写不好，个人面子不好看罢了，比起袁庚和他的朋友们从事改革所冒的风险，简直是微不足道的。 <br />
<br />
"Can I meet Yuan Geng?" "Even if I can't see Yuan Geng, I’ll still write!" The so-called "risk" simply means that I couldn’t write or couldn’t write well, which would make me look bad. But compared to the risk taken by Yuan Geng and his friends in reform, it was simply insignificant.<br />
<br />
仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气，到这里待一些日子也是值得的。 <br />
<br />
It was worth staying here for a few days just to breathe the air of reform in Shekou.<br />
<br />
“如果你只能待很短的时间，我劝你趁早打退堂鼓，不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意，开弓没有回头箭，退堂鼓是不好打的。 <br />
<br />
"If you can only stay for a short time, I’d advise you to pull back sooner rather than later and don’t make the mistake of a screenwriter again." A kind friend advised me in this way. I appreciated his kindness. But there was no turning back of an arrow once it was shot. It was not easy to pull back.<br />
<br />
二、夜访梁宪 <br />
<br />
Ⅱ. Pay a Call on Liang Xian at Night<br />
<br />
在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口，袁庚出国去了，说是7月底或8月初才能回来。最了解他的一个人，东江纵队时期就和他一起工作，现任蛇口工业区顾问的许智明，到澳大利亚探亲去了，归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同，“时间就是金钱，效率就是生命”，白天工作紧张，找人谈话很难，晚上访问也要事先约定，因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰上袁庚的儿子袁中印，《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意，他马上说：“有什么好写的？这么多人写过了，要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受了乃父的影响，不大欢迎采访。”慢慢来吧，我一定要找你的。”我心里说。 <br />
<br />
It was not easy to interview in Shekou. When I arrived in Shekou in mid-July, Yuan Geng went abroad. I learned that he would be back by the end of July or early August. One of the people who knew him best, Xu Zhiming, who worked with him in the East River Column and was now the counselor of Shekou Industrial Zone, went to Australia to visit his family and his return date was still uncertain. The pace of work here was very different from that of the mainland, where "time is money and efficiency is life." There were many works by day, so it was difficult to find people to have a talk with. Visiting at night also had to be arranged in advance because many formal and informal meetings were held at night. One day I met Yuan Geng's son Yuan Zhongyin in the elevator of the office building. A reporter of ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'', Comrade Chen Yihao introduced my intention of coming here to him, he immediately said, "What is there to write? So many people have written about it. If you want to publish a book, you can collect them." I thought that he was influenced by his father, not very welcome interviews. "Take it a step at a time. I must find you." I said in my heart.<br />
<br />
多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙，约定了一天晚上9点钟去访问工业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人，穿过海滨花园，沐着海风，经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边，漫步走向梁宪的住处。早已听说，他1962年毕业于中山大学外语系，是梁宗岱教授的高足，对法国文学很有研究。果然，一见之下，我就感到他是一个充满艺术气质的人。 <br />
<br />
Thanks to the help of Comrade Huang Hongjian, a female writer and screenwriter of the Pearl River Film Studio who was the deputy director of the office here, we made an arrangement to visit Liang Xian, a member of the management committee of the Industrial Zone, at 9 o'clock one night. Huang Hongjian, Chen Yihao, and I walked through the seaside garden with the sea breeze, passed by Minghua ship of "Sea World” with brilliant light, and strolled towards Liang Xian's residence. I had already heard that he graduated from the Department of Foreign Languages of Sun Yat-sen University in 1962, who was a student of Professor Liang Zongdai and knew a lot about French literature. Sure enough, I felt that he was a man full of artistic temperament at first sight.<br />
<br />
他掏出港币，买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客，然后和我们谈笑风生。 <br />
<br />
He pulled out Hong Kong dollars and bought a few cans of iced Coca-Cola to entertain us, and then talked and laughed with us.<br />
<br />
“你们是文人，我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人，她在中央戏剧学院教书。我对她说：你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的，但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。中国像你们这样的文人太多，像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一句英语，“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙，黄虹坚一时也没反应过来，陈宜浩翻译说：”他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑起来。 <br />
<br />
"You are men of letters, and I’m a businessman. I gave up writing and engaged in business. My wife is also a man of letters, who teaches at the Central Academy of Drama. I said to her: Tang and Song poetry you talk about are very beautiful, but they can't solve the problem of the people's hunger. There are too many literati like you in China, and too few businessmen like me." He suddenly spoke an English sentence to Huang Hongjian, "I will change you into a business woman." I was baffled, and Huang Hongjian didn't understand at the moment, and Chen Yihao translated, "He said he would change you into a business woman.” We all laughed happily.<br />
<br />
梁宪大学毕业的时候，老百姓正在饿肚子，大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法国文学的尖子，后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作，比袁庚晚半年多一点。袁庚很器重他，有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。 <br />
<br />
When Liang Xian graduated from university, people were starving, and probably no unit needed a top student who studied French literature. Then he went to the Ministry of Communications. He was sent to work for the China Merchants Hong Kong in July 1979, more than half a year later than Yuan Geng. Yuan Geng thought highly of him, and some people said that he was Yuan Geng's "think-tank man".<br />
<br />
“我去香港的时候，老婆说：最怕你没骨气，没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是有的，外派干部只要有一点热血，就不是追求几大件，而是感到抬不起头来！ <br />
<br />
"When I went to Hong Kong, my wife said: What I fear the most is that you don’t have the backbone. If you don’t have it, let’s get divorced sooner rather than later. Of course I have it. As long as dispatched cadres have a little passion, they would not pursue some popular household items, but feel embarrassed to keep the head up!”<br />
<br />
“刚到香港，每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐，一串串的，海上漂着偷渡者的尸体，我们不能忍受，啪一声把电视关了。 <br />
<br />
“When I just arrived in Hong Kong, I watched TV every day to see young stowaways in chains of handcuffs, and dead bodies of stowaways floating in the sea. We could not bear it and snapped the TV off.”<br />
<br />
“我们国内建设搞不好，连一些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们，心里真难受呀。所以，我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过：‘我之所以这么干，是为了实现我入党时的初衷。’” <br />
<br />
“When we didn’t do well in nation-building, even some children of dispatched cadres who grew up in Hong Kong also looked down on us. It hurted a lot. So I understand Yuan Geng's mood for engaging in reform. He said, 'I did it because I wanted to realize the original intention when I joined the CPC.'"<br />
<br />
一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿，梁宪又概括地说： <br />
<br />
His words made my heart heavy. After a pause, Liang Xian said in a nutshell:<br />
<br />
“我熟悉的人当中，有两个热血男儿，一个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛，一个就是袁庚！” <br />
<br />
“There are two hot-blooded men in people who I am familiar with. One is my wife’s godfather Liu Rentao, and the other is Yuan Geng!"<br />
<br />
好一个“热血男儿”！这个词太恰当了，把这两个人相提并论太好了，我不禁怦然心动，觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。 <br />
<br />
What a "hot-blooded man"! This word was so appropriate. Comparing these two people was too good. I couldn’t help but feel excited that I thought I found the best way to Yuan Geng's inner world.<br />
<br />
也真巧，比我年长20岁的刘任涛，是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第一流的眼科专家，共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长，曾为刘伯承元帅安过义眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》，改行当了电影编剧，“文化大革命”中在珠影被诬为“历史反革命”，打断五根肋骨，投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动期间，他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明，不顾自己的政治处境，不顾没有任何医疗条件，决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他：“万一失败，你就是阶级报复，就会重进监狱。”他不听，他终于成功了。”作为医生，我拯救了我的灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀，立下遗嘱：死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
<br />
And coincidentally, Liu Rentao, who is 20 years older than me, is my admired elder and friend. This first-rate eye specialist in China was the director of the Shanghai Labor Hospital in the early days of the People’s Republic of China, and once installed a prosthetic eye for Marshal Liu Bocheng. Later, he became a movie scriptwriter after he wrote a movie script Dove of Peace. During the "Cultural Revolution", he was considered as a “pre-liberation counter-revolutionary" in the Pearl River Film Studio. His five ribs were broken and he was put into prison. When he labored under supervision at the "May 7 Cadre School" in Yingde, he saw a rural woman who was blind due to cataracts, and in spite of his political situation and the lack of any medical conditions, he decided to operate on the patient with a razor blade. A kind people advised him, “If you fail, it will be the class revenge and you’ll go back to prison." He didn't listen to it, and he finally succeeded." As a doctor, I saved my soul." Now he was over 70 years old, and he made a will: After his death, he would dedicate his eyes to the Eye Bank of Sun Yat-sen Medical College. Then he ran around and appealed for the restoration and establishment of schools for blind children...<br />
<br />
刘任涛和袁庚，经历和事业完全不同，但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身精神，是多么相似呵！我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚，觉得对袁庚也开始熟悉了。<br />
<br />
Liu Rentao and Yuan Geng had completely different experiences and careers, but they were patriotic and full of passion with the spirit of dedication. How similar they were! I imagined unfamiliar Yuan Geng from familiar Liu Rentao, thinking that I began to get familiar with Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
三、“冒险家” <br />
<br />
Ⅲ. “Adventurer"<br />
<br />
刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障，要冒风险。袁庚在蛇口进行改革，要冒更大的风险：两年之前，不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影地攻击经济特区嘛！ <br />
<br />
Liu Rentao, as a target of dictatorship, it was risky to use a razor blade to cut cataracts for a poor rural woman. Yuan Geng had to take an even greater risk when he carried out a reform in Shekou: Two years ago, someone wrote an article in the newspaper to assail the Special Economic Zone by insinuation!<br />
<br />
但是，时代毕竟不同了，今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月9日，胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区，袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆，和总书记有一段精彩的对话。 <br />
<br />
But times were different after all. Today's reform was carried out under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee. On February 9, 1983, General Secretary Hu Yaobang visited Shekou Industrial Zone. Yuan Geng opened his mind to the General Secretary, having a good conversation with him.<br />
<br />
袁庚：关于改革问题，现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看，凡是搞改革的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法，最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪，改良主义，结果六君子被杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革，我想不会落得前人这样的下场，我们是在党的领导下进行的，不会有问题吧，我们值得冒这个险！ <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: For the issue of reform, we need to carry out comprehensive reform now. Historically, all those who engaged in reforms came to a bad end. Two thousand years ago, Shang Yang carried out reform and was finally put to death. Wang Anshi’s Reform did not end well either. Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao just advocated constitutional monarchy and practiced reformism, but they were all decapitated. Sun Yat-sen’s reform also failed. Now, I think our reform will not end up like the predecessors. We are under the leadership of the Party. There will be no problem, so we are worth the risk!<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：过去的改革是下层少数人去改，领导者、统治者是压制的。现在不同，我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改，现在和过去根本不同嘛！ <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: In the past, the reform was carried out by a few people at the lower level, while the leaders and rulers were repressive. Now is different. Our leaders are taking the lead to call and urge the subordinates to reform. The present is fundamentally different from the past!<br />
<br />
袁庚：我们感到，我们的干部是不大怕群众的，只怕顶头上司，怕上司不喜欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说，我每次来蛇口，一上码头，前呼后拥的，下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒，就会忘乎所以，久而久之，就不怕群众，不怕下级，因为群众、下级撤不了我的职，我只怕交通部，怕顶头上司，只有他们才能撤我的职。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: We feel that our cadres are not afraid of the masses, but only afraid of their superiors, afraid that their superiors do not like them and then they can’t be leaders. As a small leader, every time I came to Shekou, I walked on the pier with many subordinates crowding around, who feared that they didn’t attend me well. Sometimes I was not sober, I would get carried away, and over time, I am not afraid of the masses, and not afraid of subordinates, because the masses and subordinates can’t dismiss me from my post. I am only afraid of the Ministry of Communications, afraid of my immediate superior. Only they can dismiss me from my post.<br />
<br />
所以，群众监督干部，群众有权选举和罢免干部，这至关重要。我们这里想搞个改革试点，管委会由群众选举产生，每年投一次信任票，如果不信任票超过半数，管委会就得改选，个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公开的、直接的，由群众投票选举的领导班子，就会想群众之所想，急群众之所急，就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手，就有人自动送礼上门，如果头脑不清醒，不能自律，就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装懂，诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部，我相信可以改变一下干部的结构和干部的作风。我们想做这样一个不太小的改革，准备冒一点风险。 <br />
<br />
Therefore, it is crucial that the masses supervise cadres and have the right to elect and dismiss them. We want to carry out a pilot reform here. The management committee is elected by the masses, and a vote of confidence is held once a year. If more than half of the people cast votes of no confidence, the management committee will have to be re-elected. If a member got more than half of the votes of no confidence, he will have to step down. This open and direct leading group, elected following a ballot by the masses, will think what the masses think, worry what the masses worry, and will actually do something good for the masses. Because once some leaders have the power in hand, someone will automatically send gifts to them. If their minds are not sober, they can not be self-disciplined, and will get carried away. There are also some cadres who pretend to understand what they don’t know. If the masses have the right to elect and supervise cadres, I believe we can change the structure of cadres and the work style of cadres. We want to make such a not-so-small reform and are prepared to take some risks.<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：（点头）好！很好！ <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: (nodding) Good! Very good!<br />
<br />
袁庚：总书记说了好，我们就记录在案，马上打报告这样做。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: Since General Secretary said good, we will record it, and immediately report and carry out it.<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿，在哪一出戏里我忘记了，讽刺官僚主义者，他不敢骂台上的官，只敢骂戏台上堂前的鼓。有一段唱词说：”一棵大树腹中空，两头都是皮儿绷，每天上堂敲三下，卟咚卟咚又卟咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛！（全场大笑） <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: (happily standing up) We have a famous dramatist named Guan Hanqing in history. In which play I forget, satirizing bureaucrats, he did not dare to curse the leaders on the stage, only dare to curse the drums in the hall on the stage. There is a line in the librettos of the drama that says: "A big tree is hollow in the belly, whose both ends have tight leather. Every day knocked it three times in the hall. Pu dong, pu dong and pu dong (the sound of a drum beating)." That is “not understanding” (the pronunciation of it in Chinese is similar to “pu dong”)! (all of them laughing)<br />
<br />
党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印，想到一块去了，这在蛇口的发展史上，是应当大书特书的。 <br />
<br />
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPC and the Secretary of the Party Committee of Shekou Industrial Zone shared the same thought. It deserved to be written about in the history of Shekou's development.<br />
<br />
1983年4月24日，选举产生了蛇口工业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22日，按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票？ <br />
<br />
On April 24, 1983, a new management committee of Shekou Industrial Zone was elected. On April 22, 1984, a vote of confidence in the management committee was held as scheduled. Was it necessary to hold a vote of confidence?<br />
<br />
组干处处长虞德海说：“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的，信任票不足半数就得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决，一定要搞信任投票。”投票结果，管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数，袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上，全部投票公开，任人查阅，尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐，如“某某能力低”“某某不堪信任”之类，也不加掩饰。 <br />
<br />
Yu Dehai, the director of the Division of Organizing Cadres, said, "Even I was a little hesitant. Because the result of a vote of confidence is to be fulfilled. If a member got less than half of the votes of confidence, he will have to step down. I thought we might as well carry out public opinion polls. But Yuan Dong was very determined to hold a vote of confidence." The result was that the members of the management committee all got more than half of the votes of confidence, and Yuan Geng got the most. That night, all the votes were open for inspection. Although some of the criticism was very sharp, such as "so-and-so has the low ability”, "so-and-so is untrustworthy" and so on, they didn’t hide their real thoughts.<br />
<br />
这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。 <br />
<br />
This was the most important reform of all in the Shekou Industrial Zone.<br />
<br />
四、“那里不肯放，就辞职！” <br />
<br />
Ⅳ. "If They Refuse to Let You Go, You Quit!"<br />
<br />
选举产生领导班子，定期举行信任投票，这是袁庚深思熟虑的一项决定。 <br />
<br />
The leading group was elected and a vote of confidence was regularly held. It was decided after Yuan Geng’s careful consideration.<br />
<br />
他深深感到，不改革干部制度，不改变干部结构，任何改革都无从谈起，“四化”也只是一句空话。 <br />
<br />
He deeply felt that without reforming the cadre system and changing the structure of cadre, no reform could be done, and the "Four Modernizations" was just a hollow phrase.<br />
<br />
有的领导干部，居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人：“你们大学建多大的桥？”问来访的美国客人：“英国人讲英语，你们美国人讲什么语？”还有人向中央领导同志汇报他到香港考察的收获：“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯！”如此等等，令人啼笑皆非。这样的干部，怎能担当建设”四化”的重任！ <br />
<br />
Some leading cadres even asked the visitors from the University of Cambridge in England: “What size of the bridge does your university build?" and asked the visitors from America: "British speak English, and what language do you Americans speak?" Someone reported to the leading comrades of the Central Committee what he had learned from his visit to Hong Kong, “There is a sea change in my mind!" And so on. It was ridiculous. How could such cadres take on the heavy responsibility of building the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地），指挥部只有二十多个干部的时候，袁庚就开始考虑如何培育一支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命化的干部队伍。1981年，他排除阻カ，毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班，从全国各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说，“我是个冒险家，为了蛇口的改革，我从全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。 <br />
<br />
When Shekou was still in the process of “five accesses and one leveling” (access to water, electricity, road, and natural gas, ventilation, and leveling the ground), and there were only twenty cadres in the headquarters, Yuan Geng began to consider how to cultivate a young, knowledgeable, professional and revolutionary cadres troop. In 1981, he removed the obstruction and decided to organize a training course for business management cadres, recruiting graduates who majored in science and engineering from all over the country. In his words, "I am an adventurer, and for the reform in Shekou, I gathered a group of small adventurers from all over the country".<br />
<br />
当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员，委托交通部下属的交通科学院情报所代为主持，在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。 <br />
<br />
At that time, Shekou Industrial Zone did not have the ability to send its own admissions officers, so it entrusted the Institute of Information of the Academy of Transportation Science under the Ministry of Communications to be in charge of the first exam in Wuhan. The first person to enter the examination room was Wang Chaoliang, an engineer of the Ship’s Hull Laboratory of the Yangtze River Shipping Scientific Research Institute under the Ministry of Communications.<br />
<br />
王潮梁1938年出生于江苏无锡，1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计专业。早在1958年，他就参考外国的资料，在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫原理，并和同学们一道造出了样品，在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是，在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年代，几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机工厂飞机设计室任产品主管设计员，那时生产要听驻厂军代表的，而军代表只相信苏联专家和苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料，翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂，即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂，也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚子气，却毫无办法。岁月如流，王潮梁搞了17年飞机设计，却看到我们的飞机工业比印度还落后；又研制了四年的飞翔船，却看不到一艘飞翔船下水，那种壮志难酬的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会，唯一的名额给了业务上根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培训班招生的广告时，他兴奋极了，“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方，去！”立刻把广告剪下来，郑重地贴在本子上。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province in 1938, and graduated from the Department of Aircraft of Northwestern Polytechnic University with the major of aircraft design in 1960. As long ago as 1958, he was the first person in China to study the principle of air cushion of hydrofoils by referring to foreign materials, and built a sample together with his classmates, which was performed on the Weiming Lake of Peking University. At that time, the British were only half a year ahead of them in their research on hydrofoils. However, in this age when "steel-making" was more valued than scientific research, the research of these few young boys was doomed to failure. After graduation, he was assigned to the aircraft design office of an aircraft factory as a design supervisor. At that time, production had to follow the resident military representatives in the factory, who only trusted Soviet experts and Soviet drawings. For example, it was required to use Ural wood for a certain propeller, and Ukrainian sand for molding. Even if China had better wood and better sand, it was not allowed to change. Wang Chaoliang, who was the new kid on the block, was very angry, but he could do nothing. As the years passed quickly, Wang Chaoliang engaged in aircraft design for 17 years, but saw that our aircraft industry even lagged behind that of India; and he developed a hydrofoil for four years, but could not see a hydrofoil launched. The pain of being difficult to fulfill his aspirations tormented his ambitions. There was an opportunity for a study tour to the Federal Republic of Germany, and the only place was given to the daughter of a minister who was nothing compared to him in the business. When he saw a recruitment advertisement for a training course for business management cadres in Shekou Industrial Zone in the newspaper, he was excited, "Shekou is a place where you have to build a career by your own ability. Go!" He immediately cut out the advertisement and stuck it solemnly on the notebook.<br />
<br />
他第一个走进考场，第一个走出考场。笔试、面试，成绩优良。主持考试的情报所林鸿慈同志下了结论：这是个人才，录取！ <br />
<br />
He was the first to enter and the first to leave the examination room. He got good grades on written examination and oral examination. Comrade Lin Hongci of the Institute of Information, who was in charge of the examination, concluded: This is a talent. Accept!<br />
<br />
但是，在中国有一个很大的矛盾：生产资料是全民所有制，干部却是单位私有制。一个单位可以把一个或一批人才冷藏一辈子。 <br />
<br />
However, there was a big contradiction in China: The means of production were owned by the whole people, but the cadres were privately owned by units. A talent or a group of talents could be shelved by a unit for life.<br />
<br />
长江航运科研所不肯放人。 <br />
<br />
The Yangtze River Shipping Scientific Research Institute refused to let him go.<br />
<br />
1981年11月，袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他，向他汇报了招生的情况，特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。 <br />
<br />
In November 1981, Yuan Geng was hospitalized in Guangzhou. Lin Hongci visited him in the Eastern District of Guangdong Provincial Hospital and reported to him about the enrollment situation, especially about the problem of Wang Chaoliang.<br />
<br />
袁庚很激动。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was very excited.<br />
<br />
“小王是不是党员？” <br />
<br />
"Is Wang a member of the CPC?"<br />
<br />
“不是。” <br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量，开个头，那里不肯放，就辞职！我这里收。最多就是人家去告状，最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先例。告到国务院，我们就把这个同志的情况报上去，中央领导会支持我们。新华社社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开‘干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人在单位不充分发挥作用，又不让调，这个局面不打开是不成的！” <br />
<br />
“It is less difficult to solve if he is not a member of the party. I don’t know if he has the guts to set a precedent. If they refuse to let you go, you quit! I’ll accept you. The most they can do is to complain to superior authorities, and finally to the State Council. I hope one or two comrades will set the precedent. If they complain to the State Council, we will report the situation of this comrade, and the leaders of the Central Committee will support us. Comrade Zeng Tao, the president of Xinhua News Agency, hoped that we could break the 'private ownership of cadres'. Now the problem of brain waste is too serious. People does not play a full role in the unit, and not allowed to transfer. This situation must be changed!"<br />
<br />
林鸿慈被袁庚打动了，写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁，同时通过各种渠道去做说服、疏通工作。终于，用不着王潮梁辞职，单位同意放人了。1982年，王潮梁来到蛇口工业区。 <br />
<br />
Lin Hongci was impressed by Yuan Geng, wrote a letter to tell Wang Chaoliang the content of this conversation, and persuaded Wang’s unit and reconciled the two sides through various channels. Finally, Wang Chaoliang didn’t need to resign, and the unit agreed to let him go. In 1982, Wang Chaoliang came to Shekou Industrial Zone.<br />
<br />
五、企业管理研究生 <br />
<br />
V. Graduate Student Majoring in Business Management<br />
<br />
1982年12月的一天晚上，一个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
<br />
One night in December 1982, a young man in his thirties arrived at Yuan Geng's home in Xiyuan, Beijing.<br />
<br />
这是一次事先约定的会见。 <br />
<br />
It was a pre-arranged meeting.<br />
<br />
年轻人叫余昌民，刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生，工作了八九年，深感中国企业管理的弊病太多，1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。 <br />
<br />
The young man named Yu Changmin, was one of the first group of graduate students in the Department of Business Management at Tsinghua University and just graduated. He was originally a graduate of the Department of Electrical Engineering at Tsinghua University, majoring in Automation. After working for about nine years, he felt that there were too many drawbacks in Chinese business management. In 1979, he returned to Tsinghua University to study for an MBA degree.<br />
<br />
1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年，专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息，《读卖新闻》为此发了专稿，登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了，干什么好呢？ <br />
<br />
In 1980, Yu Changmin went to Japan to study further for a year, specializing in Japanese business management. The Japanese took it as important information, and the ''Yomiuri Shimbun'' published a special article with his picture. Now that Yu Changmin had graduated, what job should he do?<br />
<br />
学校建议他到国家经委属下的中国企业研究协会去，这当然是个专业对口的美差，但是在武汉工作的爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候，蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。 <br />
<br />
The university suggested him to go to the Chinese Association for Enterprise Research under the Chinese National Economic Council, which was a good job in line with his specialty, but it was difficult for his lover who worked in Wuhan to transfer to Beijing. At this time, the wind of the reform in Shekou came to his ears.<br />
<br />
他每星期上街去买《深圳特区报》，得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝，如饥似渴地加以研究。不难判断，蛇口工业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去！决心下定了，系里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会，经朋友介绍，他就来登门拜访了。 <br />
<br />
He went out to buy the ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'' every week. When he got a copy of the earliest ''A Brief Introduction of Investment'', he regarded it as a treasure, and studied it hungrily. It was not difficult to judge that Shekou Industrial Zone was the ideal place to realize his aspirations. Go to Shekou! He made the decision and was supported by the department. Now Yuan Geng was in Beijing for a meeting, so he came to visit him by recommendation of a friend.<br />
<br />
会面的一瞬间，两个人互相观察了一下。 <br />
<br />
At the moment they met, the two men observed each other.<br />
<br />
“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗？穿件中式棉袄，和一般的老干部没啥差别，不是想象中的那个改革家的模样，而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真的值得？” <br />
<br />
"Is this the famous reformer Yuan Geng? Wearing a Chinese cotton jacket, he is no different from ordinary old cadres, not the reformer’s appearance I imagined. And I heard that he is poorly educated... Is it really worth it to work with him?"<br />
<br />
真正的一闪念，没容余昌民多想，袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
<br />
When this really sudden idea did not allow Yu Changmin to think more, Yuan Geng had already enthusiastically offered his seat and poured tea.<br />
<br />
谈话开门见山。 <br />
<br />
The conversation came straight to the point. <br />
<br />
“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里？” <br />
<br />
"What do you think is the fatal problem in China’s economy?"<br />
<br />
“在于体制。” <br />
<br />
"It lies in the system."<br />
<br />
“对了！”袁庚兴奋起来，侃侃而谈，”上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦，说他们要一千人，劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用，那七百是搭配的闲人，你再要，就再搭配，再多余，反正是大锅饭，大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了，还说这是社会主义的优越性！这样，工厂冗员越来越多，工厂成了小社会，在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的，形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ，败坏着我们的民族素质！这样的体制不改革，我们就没有出路！” <br />
<br />
"That's right!" Yuan Geng got excited, and spoke with fervor and assurance, "A director of a shipyard in Shanghai once complained to me, and said they wanted a thousand people, but they needed only three hundred people among the people the labor department allocated, and the other seven hundred people were ideal workers. If they asked for it again, they would be allocated again, then there were more redundant workers. They had to get equal pay anyway. They only needed to be paid in a muddle and said this was the superiority of socialism! In this way, there were more and more redundant workers in the factory. The factory became a small society, where the lazy workers exploited the hard-working workers, forming a terrible social habits force, which corrupted our national quality! If such a system is not reformed, we have no way out!"<br />
<br />
“我的一篇论文，提出了企业的素质问题。” <br />
<br />
"I have a paper that raises the issue of the quality of business."<br />
<br />
“有何高见？” <br />
<br />
"What’s your opinion?"<br />
<br />
“素质，好比基本作用，像女排，形成了她们的基本作风，就有战斗カ。” <br />
<br />
"Quality is like the basic role. For example, the women's volleyball team has formed their basic style, so they are effective.<br />
"<br />
“就把一个企业比作球队吧，假如你是教练，别人随便塞人给你，你怎么办？” <br />
<br />
"Let's compare an enterprise to a team. If you are the coach, what do you do when someone foists a player on you?"<br />
<br />
“我不要。” <br />
<br />
"I will not take it."<br />
<br />
“不要不行！” <br />
<br />
"No, you must take it!"<br />
<br />
“那我不干。” <br />
<br />
"I will disagree with it."<br />
<br />
“对了，就得这样。” <br />
<br />
"That's right. That's how it should be."<br />
<br />
一老一少，越谈越投机，彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处一闪而过的那点疑虑也完全打消了。 <br />
<br />
An old man and a young man, the more they talked, the happier they were, who both felt close to each other. The doubt that flashed through Yu Changmin’s deep heart was completely dispelled.<br />
<br />
“我们这里可要冒点风险。” <br />
<br />
"We have to take some risks here."<br />
<br />
“正因为这样オ要去，建设好了还去干什么？” <br />
<br />
"That's why I want to go there. If it has been built, why do I go there?"<br />
<br />
“你个人有什么要求？” <br />
<br />
"What are your personal requirements?"<br />
<br />
“只要求家属一起去。” <br />
<br />
"I only ask that my family can go with me."<br />
<br />
“这个我们来办。” <br />
<br />
"We will deal with that."<br />
<br />
两个月后，余昌民父亲去世，回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化，系里要留他。企业管理系刚刚建立，工作需要，理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚飞往蛇口，收不回来了。 <br />
<br />
Two months later, Yu Changmin's father died and he came home to the funeral. At this time the school's attitude changed and the department wanted to keep him. The Department of Business Administration had just been established and the work needed him. The reasons were good. But Yu Changmin's heart had already flown to Shekou with Yuan Geng and could not be retrieved.<br />
<br />
1983年3月，袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客，系里派余昌民随行。系领导的目的，是让校长对余昌民有个印象，说服他留下来，同时出面解决他家属的户ロ问题。 <br />
<br />
In March 1983, Yuan Geng invited Liu Da, the president of Tsinghua University, to Shekou, and the department sent Yu Changmin to accompany him. The purpose of the department leaders was to give the president an impression of Yu Changmin, persuade him to stay, and solve his family member’s problem of household registration.<br />
<br />
谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口，袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有，余昌民暗示要做刘达的工作。 <br />
<br />
But it backfired. Once Liu Da and his party arrived in Shekou, Yuan Geng asked Yu Changmin if the transfer had been finalized, and Yu Changmin hinted that he had to do something to persuade Liu Da.<br />
<br />
余昌民再一次请求：”校长，让我来蛇口吧。” <br />
<br />
Yu Changmin asked him again, “President, let me come to Shekou."<br />
<br />
“系里要我帮忙留你，我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。 <br />
<br />
"The department asked me to help to keep you, and I promised it." President Liu looked confused.<br />
<br />
袁庚一再要求支持：”刘达同志，把小余给我们吧，我们迫切需要企业管理的专门人才。” <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng repeatedly asked for support, "Comrade Liu Da, give us Yu. We urgently need a specialist in business management."<br />
<br />
刘达心动了。这位参加过“一二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
<br />
Liu Da was moved. The old comrade who participated in the “December 9th" Movement, was known for “covering up for intellectuals” as early as 1957 when he was the head of the Department of Forestry. He fully understood the need of Shekou and Yuan Geng and Yu Changmin's feelings. But he had to respect the department leaders and promised to solve the solution with the department when he went back.<br />
<br />
回去后，余昌民给系里写了报告，对系里的教育培养表示感谢，说明清华企业管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设，这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都至关重要。 <br />
<br />
When they went back, Yu Changmin wrote a report to the department, expressing his gratitude for the department's education and training, and explaining that the Department of Business Administration at Tsinghua University needed to agree its own graduates to participate in the construction of Shekou, which was crucial for the school’s research and information sources in the future.<br />
<br />
问题迎刃而解。7月，夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。 <br />
<br />
The problem was solved. In July, the procedures of the couple’s transfers were both completed.<br />
<br />
当余昌民到工业区大楼报到的时候，在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口，边走边说：”你是研究企业管理的，你先熟悉一下情况，有把握了再谈工作……” <br />
<br />
When Yu Changmin reported to the Industrial Zone building, he met Yuan Geng outside the building door. Yuan Geng affectionately took his hand and walked from the door to the elevator, saying, “You study the business management. You can familiarize yourself with the situation at first, and then talk about work when you get familiar with it."<br />
<br />
袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信，其中有一段话： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng also wrote a letter of thanks to Liu Da, which included a paragraph:<br />
<br />
关于小余的事，同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失一小余，无妨大局，蛇口得之，如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下，工业区将受其惠。 <br />
<br />
On the matter about Yu, the comrades admire your selflessness so much. Losing Yu couldn’t affect the general situation for Tsinghua, but Sheko will be better after having him... Tsinghua has students all over the world, and the industrial zone will be benefited from it.<br />
<br />
重感情的刘达，把这封信送给了余昌民，让他留作永久的纪念。 <br />
<br />
Liu Da, who valued the relationship, gave this letter to Yu Changmin, letting him keep it as a permanent memorial.<br />
<br />
六、星期天的早晨 <br />
<br />
Ⅵ. Sunday Morning<br />
<br />
星期天早晨8点钟，顾立基刚起床，洗了脸，正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的，大家都熬了夜，现在让他们多睡一会儿吧。顾立基轻手轻脚，唯恐弄出一点声音来。 <br />
<br />
At 8 o'clock on Sunday morning, Gu Liji just got up, washed his face, and was cooking instant noodles. The other four students in the same room were still sleeping soundly. They could turn off the lights late on Saturday night, and everyone stayed up all night, so let them get more sleep now. Gu Liji was cautious, lest he made a little noise.<br />
<br />
“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗？” <br />
<br />
"Excuse me, does Comrade Gu Liji live here?"<br />
<br />
门外传来一个声音。顾立基一看，走廊上站着一个六十多岁的老人和一个姑娘。 <br />
<br />
A voice came from outside the door. Gu Liji saw an old man in his sixties and a girl standing in the corridor.<br />
<br />
“我就是顾立基，您是？” <br />
<br />
"I am Gu Liji, and may I know who you are?"<br />
<br />
“我是袁庚，蛇口的袁庚。”老人首先伸出手来，“这是我女儿尼亚，她不放心我的身体，一定要陪我来，其实我的身体还可以。你看，骑了半小时车子，轻松愉快。” <br />
<br />
"I'm Yuan Geng, Yuan Geng from Shekou." The old man first extended his hand, "This is my daughter Nia. She is worried about my health, and she must come with me. But I’m okay. You see, it’s easy and pleasant to ride the bike for half an hour.”<br />
<br />
顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 <br />
<br />
Gu Liji never dreamed that the famous Yuan Geng would come to the dormitory of Tsinghua University to see him.<br />
<br />
他深受感动。 <br />
<br />
He was deeply moved.<br />
<br />
“我们到楼下谈吧，同学们还在睡觉。” <br />
<br />
"Let's talk downstairs. The students are still sleeping."<br />
<br />
楼下有一张靠背长椅，三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨，不冷不热，阳光和煦，轻风拂面，校园一片宁静的气氛。 <br />
<br />
There was a bench downstairs, and the three of them sat down side by side. In the morning of May, it was not cold or hot, the sun was warm, with a refreshing breeze blowing, and the campus was in a peaceful atmosphere.<br />
<br />
“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会？” <br />
<br />
"I heard that you organized an association of enthusiasts of business management?"<br />
<br />
“是的，现在会员有一千多人了，成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。” <br />
<br />
"Yes. There are more than a thousand members now, and Liu Da and Yu Guangyuan both came to attend the founding meeting."<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长？” <br />
<br />
"I also heard that you want to be the factory director?"<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊，”顾立基笑了，“我是说过想当厂长，为此还惹过一些麻烦呢。” <br />
<br />
"You're well informed," Gu Liji laughed, "I did say that I wanted to be the factory director, and I got into some trouble for that."<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦？” <br />
<br />
"What kind of trouble?"<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。” <br />
<br />
"Someone said I was ambitious."<br />
<br />
“岂有此理！想当个厂长是什么野心！‘不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’，这是拿破仑说的还是谁说的？一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对！” <br />
<br />
"It is nonsense! What kind of ambition is it to want to be a factory director? 'A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier', was said by Napoleon or others? There's nothing wrong with a college student wanting to be a factory director!"<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的，但是我感到中国更需要管理人才，所以主动旁听了企业管理系研究生的全部课程。” <br />
<br />
"I majored in computer science, but I felt that China needed management talents more, so I actively sit in on all the courses that graduate students of the Department of Business Administration took as an observer".<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧，我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班，要培养大量的管理人才。” <br />
<br />
"Go to Shekou. We have a training course for business management cadres, and we have to train a large number of management talents."<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像，我的心就动了，只是还没下定决心。” <br />
<br />
"When I saw a video about Shekou last November, my heart moved, but I just hadn’t made up my mind yet."<br />
<br />
“现在呢？” <br />
<br />
"And now?"<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了，去蛇口。” <br />
<br />
"Now I've made up my mind to go to Shekou."<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗？” <br />
<br />
"Good! We welcome you! Do you have any difficulties?"<br />
<br />
有什么困难？1982年的初夏，社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的，有人在报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界，影射特区有变成租界的危险，造成一股无形的压力，因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些，可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的人在一起，冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去，下属工厂任他挑选，这些，对他有一定的吸引力。他自从1967年中学毕业，1968年进上海印染机械修配厂，十年中当过锅炉工、车工、錠工、钳工、电工，当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为，1974年顾立基和他们争吵过一次，挨了批斗，却受到工人们的同情，和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要毕业了，朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查，他是材料组的负责人，如果不来上大学，早就走上领导岗位了，现在回去，工作安排是不成问题的。但是，陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大，他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的是，母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房，姐妹们都在外地，母亲希望他留在身边，爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
What were the difficulties? In the early summer of 1982, there was still a lot of criticism in society about the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. Some people wrote articles in the newspapers about foreign settlements in old China, insinuating that the Special Economic Zone was in danger of becoming a foreign settlement, which created an invisible pressure, so some people said "the future of the Special Economic Zone is uncertain”. These could be disregarded. Gu Liji wanted to be with someone like Yuan Geng, and it was worth the risk. The company in Shanghai wanted him to go back, and the subordinate factories could be selected by him, which had a certain appeal to him. He graduated from high school in 1967, and joined the Shanghai Printing and Dyeing Machinery Repair Factory in 1968, and worked as a boilermaker, lathe worker, ladle man, bench worker, electrician, and full-time secretary of the Youth League general branch for ten years. Because he did not like the bad things done by the factory rebel group which was controlled by Wang Hongwen's little brothers, Gu Liji quarreled with them in 1974 and then was criticized, but was sympathized by the workers, who established a deep relationship with them. Now he was about to graduate from college, and his friends wanted him to go back. If he had not come to college, he would have taken a leading position. After the “Gang of Four" was smashed, the factory checked the people involved. He was the person in charge of the material group. If he didn't go to university, he would have been a leader. If he went back now, the working arrangement was not a problem. However, the unfamiliar Shekou was more attractive to him than the familiar Shanghai, so he still wanted to choose Shekou. The trouble was that his mother and lover did not agree with him leaving Shanghai. Shanghai had spacious housing. His sisters were abroad, so his mother wanted him to stay around, not to mention his lover's attachment to Shanghai. This was also human nature.<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。 <br />
<br />
"I have to convince my mother and my lover." Gu Liji was embarrassed to say with a smile.<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口，使他动了感情，他滔滔不绝地发起议论来。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng could understand and believe in young men very much. Gu Liji resolutely chose Shekou, which moved him, and he talked volubly. <br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办一个工业区呢？为了在那块地方搞改革，搞全面的改革，从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度，都要改，不改就没有出路。过去三十年，极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候，海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体，都是青年，他们为什么要跑？因为我们穷！ <br />
<br />
"Your choice is right. Shekou has ample scope for your abilities. Why do we want to run an industrial zone in Shekou? In order to carry out a reform in that area, to carry out a comprehensive reform, from business management, and personnel system to the wage system, all have to be changed. Without change there is no way out. Over the past 30 years, we have suffered from the thought of the extreme 'left’ and the rigid system. When we first arrived in Shekou in early 1979, the bodies of stowaways were found in the bay, which were all young people. Why did they run away? Because we were poor! <br />
<br />
“‘四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’，越搞跑的人越多。一些村子的青壮年几乎跑光了，真叫人欲哭无泪！蛇口对面就是香港的元朗，相隔只有6000米，晴天能看到它的高楼，它就是在我们‘十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了，必须把经济搞上去，这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公里，对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛，我们改革成功了，对全国就有很大的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛，无伤大局。当然，我们一定要尽最大的努力，争取成功，避免失败。我们这一代人是老了，当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时候，时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……” <br />
<br />
"Why did the 'Gang of Four' conduct 'Political frontier defense’. More people ran away. Some of the young and strong people of the village almost ran away. It really made us want to cry! Across the sea from Shekou is Yuen Long in Hong Kong, only 6,000 meters apart. We can see the tall buildings there on a clear day. It was developed during our 'Ten Years of Turmoil'. We can't do meaningless things anymore. We must increase the economy, so we must reform the backward system. Although Shekou Industrial Zone is only 2.14 square kilometers, which is just a drop for the country's 9.6 million square kilometers. If our reform is successful, it will be of great significance to the country. If we fail, it is also a drop in the bucket, which doesn't affect the whole. Of course, we must do our best to strive for success and avoid failure. Our generation is old, and we don't have much time when we realize that we have to do something. So hope is pinned on you..."<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动，身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚，望着自己的父亲，眼睛也有点热了…… <br />
<br />
Gu Liji felt his blood flowing faster and his body was very hot. Nya, who had not made a sound, looked at his father and his eyes also felt a little hot...<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会 <br />
<br />
VII. Press Conference<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来，当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书，1984年4月被聘为办公室主任。 <br />
<br />
After Gu Liji came out of the training course, he worked as the industrial zone office secretary for a period of time and was hired as the office director in April 1984.<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚，因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口，听说顾立基6日一早要去香港，5日晚我去登门拜访。 <br />
<br />
I didn't see Yuan Geng in July and returned to Guangzhou for business. I returned to Shekou on August 5, and heard that Gu Liji was going to Hong Kong early in the morning on the 6th. I came to visit him on the evening of the 5th.<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告，我为了听这个报告，推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的，谁都可以听，欢迎你去。”一见面顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。 <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng is back in Hong Kong and will return to Shekou tomorrow afternoon. He will give a report at 7:30 p.m. in the club auditorium. I postponed my trip to Hong Kong for a day in order to listen to this report. The report was public that anyone can listen to it. Welcome to listen." As soon as we met, Gu Liji told me the good news.<br />
<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗？” <br />
<br />
"Could he have time to talk to me?"<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难，他在蛇口不会待太久，一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告，你最好陪他回宿舍——他儿子的住处，或者宾馆，这样边走边谈，可以谈十来分钟……” <br />
<br />
"I'm afraid it's difficult. He won't stay long in Shekou and has many things to deal with once he returns. After hearing the report tomorrow, you'd better accompany him back to his dormitory--his son's residence, or the hotel, so that you can talk for ten minutes while walking..."<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗？ <br />
<br />
I was a little disappointed. Was Yuan Geng really so hard to see?<br />
<br />
不管怎样，先听听他的报告再说吧。 <br />
<br />
Anyway, listened to his report first.<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半，袁庚的报告准时开始。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng's report began on time at 7:30 p.m. on August 6.<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影，大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。今天这个会也叫新闻发布会，街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂，基本上坐满了，放眼望过去，都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。 <br />
<br />
The club's auditorium was usually used to show movies, and large-scale rallies and press conferences were sometimes held here. Today's meeting was also called a press conference, and there were posters on the street. The auditorium, which could accommodate over a thousand people, was almost full. Looking around, there were all young and happy faces. <br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上，顾立基主持大会。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng and the manager of the China Merchants Hong Kong Development Department Xiong Bingquan, who visited abroad with him, sat on the rostrum while Gu Liji presided over the conference.<br />
<br />
一开始，袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说： <br />
<br />
At the beginning, Yuan Geng laughingly shook two sheets of paper and said:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕，只讲个把钟头。” <br />
<br />
"Don't be afraid, everyone. I only speak for one or two hours."<br />
<br />
人们笑了，其实怕的是他讲得太短。 <br />
<br />
People laughed. They were actually afraid that he spoke too short.<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问，历时23天，访问了4个国家、16个公司、18个城市，从新加坡开始，往西到英国，再到美国、日本，整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处，受到隆重的、破格的接待，我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们四个人，而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化，在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到做蛇口人的光荣。” <br />
<br />
"This trip abroad lasted 23 days, and visited 4 countries, 16 companies, and 18 cities, starting from Singapore, west to the United Kingdom, and then to the United States, Japan, going around the world. Everywhere we went, we received a grand and exceptional reception, which I have never received as a diplomat. This is not because people value the four of us, but because of the changes in China Merchants Group and Shekou Industrial Zone. All of you have contributed. I deeply appreciate the honor of being a Shekou people."<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张，出国访问要花自己的钱，花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、软弱的地位。这次出访，他们带了20万美金的信用卡，足够用了，所到之处都坚持这个原则，唯独在新加坡失灵了。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng always advocated that he needed to spend his own money on overseas visits. Spending other people's money would put him in a passive and weak position in negotiations. On this trip, they brought $200,000 in credit cards, enough to use. He adhered to this principle everywhere he went, except in Singapore.<br />
<br />
那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系，但新加坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检，从飞机场一直送到最高级的香格里拉大酒店，袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前，这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫人；在他之后，住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨），每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观什么项目，全部满足要求。 <br />
<br />
At that time we didn't have diplomatic relations with Singapore, but the relevant party in Singapore was very friendly. They were exempt from customs inspection, and were sent from the airport to the top-class Shangri-La Hotel, where Yuan Geng was put in the most luxurious "presidential suite" (before him, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher stayed here; after him, U.S. Secretary of State Schultz lived), with a daily room rate of HK$5,000. Their all requirements are met, no matter what they wanted to visit.<br />
<br />
临走结账时，酒店经理说：“在你们到来之前，已经有人付了全部费用。” <br />
<br />
When they checked out before leaving, the hotel manager said, "Someone had already paid the full cost before you came."<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁，英国老板们在海员罢工浪潮的冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们，给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说：“我们原打算3年之内种植20万株月季，把蛇口建成玫瑰之城，现在看来太落后了……” <br />
<br />
They visited Aberdeen, the logistical base of the North Sea Oil Field in Britain. They were impressed by the warm and courteous reception that they received from British bosses who were under the impact of the wave of seamen's strikes. They were equally impressed by the boundless blooming roses in the north of England." We originally planned to plant 200,000 China roses in three years to turn Shekou into a city of roses, but now it seems too far behind..." Yuan Geng said.<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国，主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。 <br />
<br />
The visit focused on the United States, and the main task was to sign a contract for the introduction of a float glass factory.<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡，大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。 <br />
<br />
In Pittsburgh, the Greater Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce honored Yuan Geng as an honorary member.<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔，华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民，交给他一把金钥匙。女市长在宴会上说：“我是百分之百的中国人，也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说：“我很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判，就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过，”在经济问题上，兄弟无情，六亲不认！何况是与外国人谈判！” <br />
<br />
In Montreal, the American Chinese mayoress, Lily Lee Chen, declared Yuan Geng an honorary citizen and handed him a golden key. The mayoress said at the banquet, "I am 100 percent Chinese and 100 percent American." Yuan Geng said, "I appreciate her words." The negotiations about the introduction of the float glass factory were not so easy. Yuan Geng said, "In economic matters, I am ruthless to brothers and place righteousness above family loyalty! Not to mention that I am negotiating with foreigners!"<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前，有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过的曲折。 <br />
<br />
Before appreciating Yuan Geng's art of negotiation, it was necessary to review the twists and turns at home to introduce the factory.<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。 <br />
<br />
let's use Yuan Geng's words to illustrate the point.<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日，袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说： <br />
<br />
On March 22, 1984, Yuan Geng said in a speech to the students of the third training course for business management cadres:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件，大家听了很高兴，但我们不要高兴得过早。不要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了，但官僚主义、红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事，还是有的。例如我们正在谈判的浮法玻璃厂，到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃，为什么不准我们用最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ？最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局交涉。她们去的时候，人家一口答应，讲你们回去好了，但等我们企业室派人带合同去盖章的时候，又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干，他们讲：‘你们派了记者、作家来，我敢不答应吗？弄得不好，你们要写报告文学，写内参，我受得了吗’？……” <br />
<br />
"The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a document on March 10. We are very happy to hear it, but we should not be happy too early. Do not think that everything is solved after they said something. The previous open challenges may be gone, but there are still bureaucracy, jealous men, people who guess the mind of a man of high character with a mean thought, and things of giving others a hard time. For example, float glass factory that we are negotiating for has not been approved until now. Our country has to import a large number of glass every year, why are we not allowed to use the most advanced technology to make glass to replace into the imported glass? We recently sent two capable women to the General Administration of Building Materials to negotiate. When they arrived, the people here freely agreed and said they could go back in peace, but when our enterprise office sent someone to Take the contract to be sealed, they overruled it. When we asked why they did it, they said: 'You sent journalists and writers. Did I dare not say yes? If we didn't do well, you would write reportage and internal references, could I stand it'? ..."<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨，交涉了九个月，オ过了国内这一关。 <br />
<br />
Good things never come easy. They negotiated for nine months to overcome this domestic difficulty.<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判，当然不可能用这么长的时间，但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想而知的。 <br />
<br />
Of course, it could not take such a long time to negotiate with the Americans, but the level of intensity of the bargaining could be imagined.<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂，简直是一座玻璃城！它生产各式各样的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃，用25磅大锤从20米外打去，地皮都震动了，玻璃却安然无恙。我们和美国合资，投资一亿美元，引进一座同样的工厂，买他的专利，以后我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点，集中在每年所付专利费占销售总额的百分比上。 <br />
<br />
The American float glass factory was a factory with advanced technology, which was totally a glass city! It produced all kinds of glass. There was a kind of toughened glass that was hit with a 25-pound sledgehammer from 20 meters away and the ground shook, but the glass stayed intact. We had a joint venture with the United States. We invested $100 million to bring in the factory and buy its patents. Then we could build a second and a third. It was a good deal. And the negotiations focused on the percentage of the annual royalties to be paid in total sales.<br />
<br />
美方要6%，我们还价4%。 <br />
<br />
The U.S. side wanted 6%, and we bargained for 4%.<br />
<br />
美方降到5%，我们加到4.5%。 <br />
<br />
The U.S. side dropped to 5%, and we increased to 4.5%.<br />
<br />
寸利必争，形成僵局。 <br />
<br />
They competed for their own profit, and a stalemate was formed.<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng spoke.<br />
<br />
“先生们，我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针，2000年前发明了火药，全人类都在享受这些伟大的成果，可是他们从来没有要过什么专利，我们作为后代从来没有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋，而是觉得光荣。请问各位，那时候你们的祖先在哪里？恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前，是不是毛特别多……” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, our ancestors invented the compass 4,000 years ago, and gunpowder 2,000 years ago. All the human beings enjoy these great achievements, but the ancestors never asked for any patents. We as future generations have never called them bastards because of it, but feel honored. May I ask you, where were your ancestors at that time? I am afraid they were still in the trees. Please look at your chests, are they very hairy..."<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前，一个个咧嘴笑了。 <br />
<br />
The Americans really looked down at their chests, and all grinned.<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕，我的意思不是不付专利费，而是要求公平合理r’ <br />
<br />
"But don't be afraid. I don't mean not to pay the royalties, but to ask you to be fair and reasonable!”<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格，坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们，说不定会抗议呢！”你骂我们的祖先，是可忍，孰不可忍！” <br />
<br />
This was typical Yuan Geng's style, frank, humorous and witty. It worked on Americans. If it were us, might have protested! "You scolded our ancestors. If this can be tolerated, what can not!"<br />
<br />
终于达成协议：4.75%，为期10年。 <br />
<br />
An agreement was finally reached: 4.75 percent for 10 years.<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进一个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂，专利费是5%，时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说： <br />
<br />
This was quite favorable. A major city introduced a British glass factory whose technology was not so advanced, with a royalty rate of 5% for 12 years. Yuan Geng finally said passionately:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处，绝不能走美国的路！ <br />
<br />
"The United States centralized the best and the worst things in the world. We have to learn from its strengths and never go the way of the United States!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退，工业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走，他们还有点生气，现在停滞不前了。 <br />
<br />
"The world economy is in recession and the industrial structure is being reorganized. Five years ago I went around the world and they were a little angry. Now they are stagnant.<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方，转移到太平洋沿岸。 <br />
<br />
"Some say the center of the world economy is going to shift to the East, to the Pacific coast, in the late 1980s.<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了，现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈，今天下午四点半一踏上蛇口码头，就感到无比的清新，感到一草一木都非常亲切。 <br />
<br />
"Our system has made people lazy in the past, and now it's changing. This time I traveled around the world. As soon as I stepped on the Shekou Pier at 4:30 this afternoon, I felt much refreshed and felt that everything was very familiar.<br />
<br />
“10月1日，蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话，那是大家的功劳！ <br />
<br />
"On October 1, the Shekou's float will pass in front of Tian'anmen Square! If it is thrilling, it's the contribution of everyone!<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的，思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上，我们一定要赶上和超过他们！” <br />
<br />
"The capitalist world is rich in material things and poor in mind. We are moving up. We must catch up and surpass them!" <br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时，宣布散会了，大家意犹未尽。 <br />
<br />
After only one and a half hours, the meeting was declared closed. People were still being immersed.<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了，我放弃了跟上去的打算。 <br />
<br />
When Yuan Geng walked out of the meeting place, he was immediately surrounded by people. I gave up the intention of following him.<br />
<br />
八、“搞什么阴谋诡计？” <br />
<br />
Ⅷ. "What Schemes and Intrigues You Want to Go in for?"<br />
<br />
8月7日，袁庚开了一整天会，据说8日也不会有空，而9日一早又要回香港了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上，我给他写了一封信，说明这一次如果不能和他交谈，我将等待，直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨，我把这封信交给了工业区党委副书记乔胜利，请他转交。 <br />
<br />
On August 7th, Yuan Geng spent the day in meetings. It was said that he would not be free on the 8th, while he would go back to Hong Kong early in the morning on the 9th. I had no hope of seeing him in the next two days. In the evening, I wrote him a letter explaining that if I could not talk to him this time, I would wait until his next trip from Hong Kong. Early on the morning of the 8th, I handed the letter to Qiao Shengli, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone, asking him to deliver it.<br />
<br />
8日上午，我到办公大楼访问王潮梁，两人刚坐下来，办公室副主任黄振超匆匆忙忙地叫我：“袁董回来了，快去见他！” <br />
<br />
On the morning of the 8th, I visited Wang Chaoliang at the office building. As soon as they sat down, Huang Zhenchao, deputy director of the office, called me hurriedly, “Mr. Yuan is back. Go and see him!"<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉，说明另改时间，急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。 <br />
<br />
I apologized to Wang Chaoliang, explaining to him to change the time, and hurriedly followed Huang Zhenchao toward Yuan Geng's office.<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的，中间隔着大块的透明玻璃，老远就看见了袁庚，他手里正拿着一大摞文件。 <br />
<br />
The industrial zone office and Yuan Geng's office were connected, separated by a large piece of transparent glass. I saw Yuan Geng far away. He was holding a large pile of papers.<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候，黄振超在旁边向他说明：”只是见见面，不会占你很多时间。” <br />
<br />
When I shook hands with him, Huang Zhenchao explained to him from the side, "Just to see you. It won't take up much of your time."<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng, however, smiled and said casually: <br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的？来搞什么阴谋诡计？” <br />
<br />
"You're from ''Flower City''? What schemes and intrigues do you want to go in for?"<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了，而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。 <br />
<br />
A joke shortened the distance between us, and I felt that there seemed to be some kind of subtext behind this sentence.<br />
<br />
我知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。 <br />
<br />
I knew Yuan Geng was also quite concerned about the problems of literature and arts. <br />
<br />
梁宪说过，前几年在北京开会，有一天袁庚看了张洁的小说《爱，是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章，问他：”你认识这个作家吗？咱们把她请到蛇口去！”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所了解的，“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。 <br />
<br />
Liang Xian said that when he went to Beijing for a meeting a few years ago, one day Yuan Geng read Zhang Jie's novel ''Love must not be forgotten'' and related critiques, and asked him: "Do you know this writer? Let's invite her to Shekou!" I believe he knew something about the ''Flower City'', which had been attracting a lot of attention in the past few years, and the joke of "schemes and intrigues" was said not without reason.<br />
<br />
我也笑着说： <br />
<br />
I also said with a smile:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋，要写你和蛇口。” <br />
<br />
"I want to go in for the overt conspiracy. I want to write about you and Shekou."<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下，舒服地往藤椅上一靠，摆出了准备谈一阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好，这里问题多得很，改革每前进一步都要经过斗争，到处充满着矛盾。” <br />
<br />
He led me to the small parlor between the two offices and sat down, leaning back comfortably in a rattan chair and assuming a posture as if he was ready to talk for a long time." I don't have anything to write about. Don't say everything is good here. There are many problems. Every step forward in reform has to fight for, and everywhere is full of contradictions."<br />
<br />
我说：”正是这一点吸引了我。” <br />
<br />
I said, "That's what attracted me."<br />
<br />
“一个国家没有民主是不行的，而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国，政治家演说，群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿扔他，他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的，但这一套对巩固资产阶级的统治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底，孙中山是想搞民主的，他死得太早，没搞成。中华民族是伟大的，但是历史的包袱太重了。” <br />
<br />
"A country can't be better without democracy, and there is no democracy when the masses don't have the right to supervise and oust cadres. We have reformed the cadre system. In foreign countries, when a politician makes a speech, the masses can throw rotten eggs and tomatoes at him, and he still speaks with an umbrella in the way. You say his democracy is fake, but it's useful for consolidating the rule of the bourgeoisie. We should practice socialist democracy. China's bourgeois democratic revolution was not complete. Sun Yat-sen wanted democracy, but he died too early to achieve it. The Chinese nation is great, but the historic burdens are too heavy."<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说： <br />
<br />
Huang Hongjian, who came in halfway, interjected and said:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿，她在美国学企业管理，谈起来也说：在美国深有感慨，感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重。 <br />
<br />
"I recently received the daughter of a comrade in charge of the central committee. She studied business management in the United States. She also said that in the United States, she had a deep feeling that our great nation's historic burdens are too heavy.<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族，就没有什么框框，我在报告会上也说了，他们的总督牌香烟广告有一句口号是’想做就去做’，这句话香港也接受不了，译成’应做就去做’。当然，想干什么就干什么是不行的，但我们许多应干的事却干不成。” <br />
<br />
"As a nation, the United States hasn't many restrictions. As I said in the report meeting, their Viceroy cigarettes has a slogan in advertising 'If it's right, do it', this phrase can not be accepted in Hong Kong, translated as ‘do what you have to do’. Of course, we shouldn't do what we want, but we can't accomplish many of the things we have to do."<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历，他扼要地做了回答，着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命”中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时，这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来，微笑着站在那里不动，我知道是催他去开会，我们的谈话该结束了。 <br />
<br />
Then I asked him about his experience, and he gave a brief answer, focusing on his joining the Communist Party and his imprisonment during the "Cultural Revolution". We had been talking for almost an hour when Wang Jingui, deputy director of the Management Committee, walked in and stood still with a smile. I knew he was urging him to go to the meeting and it was time to end our conversation. <br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志，我们马上又赶到太子宾馆，和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢，对监狱内外情形都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说： <br />
<br />
Huang Hongjian made an appointment by phone with Comrade Wang Zongqian, the wife of Yuan Geng, who lived in the Prince Hotel, and we immediately rushed to there, talking with Mrs. Wang who was gentle and polite for an hour. What we talked about was mainly that Yuan Geng was in jail and was clear about the situation inside and outside the prison. Mrs. Wang said slowly and fondly: <br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨，出来就蔦儿了，可是他不，他的劲头反而更大了。” <br />
<br />
"Many people were broken and never recovered after that kind of torture. But he didn't. He was even more aggressive."<br />
<br />
我心里说：这オ是袁庚！ <br />
<br />
I said in my heart: this is the real Yuan Geng!<br />
<br />
过了几天，乔胜利对陈宜浩说：“袁董看了我的信，答应下次回来再和我谈。”可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。 <br />
<br />
After a few days, Qiao Shengli said to Chen Yihao: "Chairman Yuan read my letter and promised to talk to me again the next time he came back." But soon he was invited to Fujian by Comrade Xiang Nan.<br />
<br />
8月25日上午，我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息，急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联系。但是太迟了，他过了中午又要回香港，而上午的时间已经排满，就在和我通话的时候，他不得不放下电话去开门。他说： <br />
<br />
On the morning of August 25, I got the news that Yuan Geng had returned to Shekou and hurriedly called the Prince Hotel to contact him. But it was too late. He was going back to Hong Kong afternoon, and the morning was already full. And just as he was talking to me, he had to put down the phone to open the door. He said:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧，不要紧的，我们没有秘密。” <br />
<br />
"If you have any questions, just talk on the phone. It doesn't matter. We have no secrets."<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访，一时想不齐全，只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字，他一一做了回答：”这些也要发表吗？”我说：“不一定发表。”他说：”发表也没关系，那天我讲话外国人也听了。” <br />
<br />
I hadn't prepared for the telephone interview and couldn't think of all questions for a while, so I had to ask him a few details and figures about his visit abroad, and he answered them all and said: "Are these going to be published too?" I said, "Not necessarily." He said, "It doesn't matter if it is published, because foreigners listened to my speech that day too."<br />
<br />
我说：”将来排出校样，送给你看看好吗？免得事实有出入。” <br />
<br />
I said, "When the proof is done in the future, I will send you to see, okay? In case there is something different to the facts."<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查，出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的，难免出点差错。捅点娄子也不要紧。” <br />
<br />
"That is not necessary. Don't censor everything. It doesn't matter if something goes wrong. People are vivid and substantial, and mistakes are inevitable. It doesn't matter if you make some mistakes."<br />
<br />
<br />
“好了，谢谢您。” "Well, thank you."<br />
<br />
“谢谢。” "Thank you."<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。 <br />
<br />
I suddenly thought of two sentences from Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观，来到铝材厂门口时，他向学员们介绍：这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人，23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起来，大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停工，一个工人从高处摔下来受了伤，他的哥哥跑过去看了看，见弟弟没有生命危险，便又回去干活了。 <br />
<br />
Once Yuan Geng personally led the students in the training course for business management cadres to visit. When they came to the entrance of the aluminum factory, he introduced to the students: The construction of the factory building was put out to the Japanese. 23 Japanese built it in only 27 days. Even though the rain was so heavy that they could not open their eyes, they did not stop working. A worker fell from a high place and was injured, his older brother ran over to see that his brother was not in danger, and then he went back to work again.<br />
<br />
袁庚说：“日本不富没有天理！中国改革不富也没有天理！” <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said, "There is no reason for Japan not to be rich! There is no reason for China’s reform not to be rich!"<br />
<br />
现在我想说：蛇口的改革不成功没有天理！ <br />
<br />
Now I would like to say: there is no reason for Shekou's reform not to succeed!<br />
<br />
九、大鹏魂 <br />
<br />
Ⅸ. Dapeng Spirit<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚，魁梧、潇洒，兼有外交家和实业家的风度，具有一种吸引人的魅カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢？ <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was 66 years old, stout and dashing, having the air of both a diplomat and an industrialist and an attractive charm. From where did he come to us?<br />
<br />
拨开历史的迷雾，我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。 <br />
<br />
Clearing up the fog of confusion, we saw the solid footprints of a hot-blooded man.<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园，算是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。 <br />
<br />
He was born in Shuiba Village, Dapeng Town, Bao'an City, Guangdong Province (now Longgang District, Shenzhen City). His family had an orchard and could be considered a well-off family. The wind and waves of Dapeng Bay cultivated his mind.<br />
<br />
1935年，他毕业于广州广雅中学，随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测量员，他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校，陈济棠下台后，这家军校成了国民党中央军校的分校。 <br />
<br />
In 1935, he graduated from Guangzhou Guangya High School and then entered a surveying school. After a short period as a surveyor, he entered the Yantang Military Academy run by Chen Jitang, which became a branch academy of the Nationalist Party Central Military Academy after Chen Jitang stepped down.<br />
<br />
在学校里，袁庚是活跃的足球门将，练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕业，他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官，一个个腐化不堪，对民族危亡无动于衷，便愤然回到故乡大鹏镇，担任第一小学校长，同时兼任地方自卫队教官。 <br />
<br />
In school, Yuan Geng was an active goalkeeper and developed a strong body. After graduating from the military academy, he saw that the instructors, who were full of benevolence and morality, were all corrupt and indifferent to the national peril, so he returned to his hometown Dapeng Town in anger and became the principal of the first elementary school, while also serving as an instructor of the local self-defense troop.<br />
<br />
学校是国民党办的，自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的，但是学校和自卫队中都有中共地下党员。 <br />
<br />
The school was run by Nationalist Party and the self-defense troop was run by Deng Yanda's Third Party, but there were underground members of the Communist Party in both the school and the self-defense troop.<br />
<br />
戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚，在当地是一个重要人物，三种政治力量对他都很重视。 <br />
<br />
When Yuan Geng returned to his hometown, he was an important figure in the area, and all three political forces attached great importance to him.<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文，和他住到一起，亲自考察他。 <br />
<br />
Wang Wen, secretary of the underground County Committee of CPC, lived with him and examined him personally.<br />
<br />
革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
<br />
The hearts of revolutionaries and patriots were always in sympathy. Yuan Geng soon became friends with Wang Wen, Zhong Wen, Lai Zhongyuan and other underground party members, and was also close to Wang Bo, a teacher being trained by the party organization. Yuan Geng actively participated in all the activities to promote anti-Japanese, such as organizing evening schools and acting in plays. One time in the performance of "Put Down Your Whip", Wang Bo played the daughter who made a living by singing, and Yuan Geng played a young man who stopped the father from whipping his daughter. When he shouted "Put down your whip", he completely got into the role, forgetting that he was acting, and many audiences also rushed after him...<br />
<br />
1939年3月27日，袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党，从这一天起，他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。 <br />
<br />
On March 27, 1939, Yuan Geng was recommended to join the Communist Party of China by comrades Wang Wen and Zhong Wen. From that day on, he had lived up to the honorable title of member of the Communist Party of China.<br />
<br />
当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党的漫画，刺痛了国民党区党部，他的处境变得危险了，党组织于1939年冬天把他转移到党领导的抗日游击队，从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子，像大鹏一样展翅高飞了。 <br />
<br />
There was a local progressive publication "Dapeng Spirit". Yuan Geng published a cartoon satirizing the Nationalist Party in it, which stung the District Party headquarters of the Nationalist Party. His situation became dangerous and the Party organization transferred him to the anti-Japanese guerrilla force led by the Party in the winter of 1939, from which he began his fighting career in the East River Column. The son of Dapeng Bay spread his wings and flew high like the roc (named Dapeng in Chinese).<br />
<br />
抗日战争期间，美军作为盟军，在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组，担任东纵联络处处长的袁庚，和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示，东纵和美军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报，对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。 <br />
<br />
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the U.S. Army, as an allied force, sent an observation group in Yan'an and one in the East River Column. Yuan Geng, who was the director of the Liaison Office of East River Column, remained in regular contact with the U.S. military observation group in East River Column. According to the instructions of the Central Committee, the East River Column and the U.S. observation group exchanged information about the Japanese army in South China, which played a positive role in defeating Japanese imperialism.<br />
<br />
日寇投降时，英军远在缅甸，一个海军少将只率领一营人乘航空母舰赶到香港。他的兵力不足以维持治安，要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央，中央复电：为了对付国民党的内战阴谋，坚决撤离港九地区；同时要求在香港设立联络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判，袁庚不辱使命，漂亮地完成了任务，并成为驻香港办事处的第一任主任，这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能想到，历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折，二十多年后，这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。 <br />
<br />
When the Japanese aggressors surrendered, the British army was in Burma. A Rear Admiral led only one battalion to Hong Kong by an aircraft carrier. His forces were not enough to maintain law and order, and he asked our Hong Kong-Kowloon detachment of the East River Column not to retreat. The East River Column asked the Central Committee for advice, and the Central Committee replied with a telegram: In order to deal with the conspiracy of the Nationalist Party's civil war, evacuate the Hong Kong-Kowloon area resolutely; at the same time, set up a liaison agency in Hong Kong. The East River Column sent Yuan Geng to Hong Kong to negotiate. Yuan Geng fulfilled his mission, doing his job well and became the first director of the Liaison Office in Hong Kong, which was the predecessor of the Hong Kong branch of Xinhua News Agency later. Who would have thought that the way forward of history could be so twisted and more than twenty years later, these achievements had become "crimes".<br />
<br />
十、秦城监狱 <br />
<br />
X. Qincheng Prison<br />
<br />
1968年4月6日，袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家，到机关去上班。北京的4月初，春寒料峭，风沙迷眼，加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报，形成一片肃杀气氛，使袁庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作，刚告一段落，还来不及喘口气，就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息，他于愤懑中保持着镇定。 <br />
<br />
On April 6, 1968, Yuan Geng left his home in Xiyuan early in the morning and went to work. In early April in Beijing, the spring air was chill, and the wind and sand got into the eyes, with ferocious big-character posters everywhere, which formed an awful atmosphere, making Yuan Geng extremely depressed. He had just come to the end of his work of receiving and transporting Chinese refugees from Indonesia and he couldn't even catch his breath before he returned to work. Recently, he kept hearing the news that his old comrades in the East River Column had lost their freedom or their whereabouts were unknown. He kept his composure in the midst of his resentment.<br />
<br />
回到办公室不久，有人通知：“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门，看到除部长之外，还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长，面孔板得像一座木雕。 <br />
<br />
Soon after he returned to the office, someone informed him, "The minister wants to see you." He opened the door of the minister's office and saw that in addition to the minister, there were two public security officers. The minister, whose name often appeared in the newspapers, pulled a face like a wooden statue.<br />
<br />
“袁庚，你被捕了！” <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng, you're under arrest!"<br />
<br />
下午，机关召开大会，部长在会上宣布：”袁庚是美国特务，已经依法逮捕。“袁庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和刘丹一，互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周总理安全的情景，记忆犹新，那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间，周旋于华侨社会之中，眼睛熬红了，人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场，天理何在？！ <br />
<br />
In the afternoon, the organ held a general meeting and the minister announced: "Yuan Geng is an American spy and has been arrested in obedience to the law." Yuan Geng's close friends and neighbors, Liu Yamin and Liu Dan Yi, who worked together with him as consuls at the consulate-general in Jakarta, Indonesia, in the 1950s, exchanged looks of grief and indignation. In 1954, Yuan Geng and they worked together to defend the Bandung Conference and the security of Premier Zhou. The memory of the scene was still vivid. At that time, when Yuan Geng traveled between Jakarta and Bandung, circulated among the overseas Chinese community, his eyes were red, and he lost a lot of weight by overwork. Such loyalty ended up like this. Where was the justice?<br />
<br />
与此同时，汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中，勒令交出所有的钥匙，开始抄家。翻箱倒柜，从下午抄到天黑，然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时，オ发现三个孩子被关在门外不准进家，左邻右舍也不敢收留，孩子们在抹眼泪…… <br />
<br />
At the same time, Comrade Wang Zongqian was brought back home from his office, and ordered to hand over all his keys. They began to search her house. They rummaged the whole house, from afternoon to dark, and then brought her back to the office to search her desk. When she went out, she found that three children were shut out of the house and not allowed to enter the house. The neighbors did not dare to take them in, and the children were wiping their tears...<br />
<br />
从此以后，袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里，也不知是死是活，到哪里打听都说不知道。1969年，汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校，孩子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”，但作为“反革命家属”，她只能干最脏最累的活，如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎，痛得胳膊抬不起来，医生建议回北京治疗，干校就是不准。直到1972年初夏，她的大孩子中印就要下乡插队了，她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服，打点行装，オ被批准。 <br />
<br />
From then on, Yuan Geng disappeared from life. Wang Zongqian did not know where he was locked up, nor did she know if he was dead or alive. Everywhere she asked all said he did not know. In 1969, Wang Zongqian went to a cadet school in Zou County, Shandong Province, with the organ, while the children stayed in Beijing to live with their grandmother. Although Wang Zongqian was considered a "student of the cadre school", but as a "family member of a counter-revolutionary", she could only do the dirtiest and most tiring works, such as taking away manure from privies and washing toilets. Her left shoulder was suffering from periarthritis of the shoulder. It was so painful that she couldn't lift her arm. The doctor suggested that she go back to Beijing for treatment, but the cadre school didn't allow it. Until the early summer of 1972, when her eldest child, Zhongyin, was about to go and work in the countryside, she asked for leave to return to Beijing to wash her child's clothes and pack his luggage, which was approved.<br />
<br />
1972年7月，袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后，有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去探监。“他还活着，他还活着！”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。 <br />
<br />
In July 1972, when Yuan Geng was arrested for four years and three months, someone suddenly informed Wang Zongqian to visit him in Qincheng Prison. "He is still alive, he is still alive!" Wang Zongqian's heart was stuffed with this thought.<br />
<br />
汪宗谦心酸地发现，袁庚行走困难，说话声音也变了，而且他不知道当时是何年何月！ <br />
<br />
Wang Zongqian sadly find that Yuan Geng was difficult to walk, his voice had changed, and he even didn't know when it was!<br />
<br />
原来监狱里日夜亮着灯，犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替，失去了时间的概念；睡觉时只准脸朝外，一条腿总是压在下边，时间长了造成萎缩；长期不讲话，声带都沙哑了。 <br />
<br />
It turned out that the prison was lit day and night, so the prisoners could not distinguish and remember the alternation of day and night, losing the notion of time; they only allowed to sleep with their face outward, and one leg was always pressed down, which caused atrophy over time; they didn't speak for a long period, so the vocal cords were hoarse.<br />
<br />
我曾经听说，袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西，只有放风时在天井里看到墙根的小草。 <br />
<br />
I once heard that Yuan Geng could not see anything alive for several years in prison, and only saw the grass at the foot of the wall in the patio when he was allowed to go out.<br />
<br />
问他是不是这样，他说： <br />
<br />
When he was asked if this was the case, he said:<br />
<br />
“不，还有蚂蚁，我对蚂蚁很有研究。” <br />
<br />
"No, there are ants. I studied ants a lot."<br />
<br />
这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量！ <br />
<br />
How much heavy weight this easy sentence contained!<br />
<br />
汪宗谦见过了袁庚，就为救他而奔走了。 <br />
<br />
Having met Yuan Geng, Wang Zongqian ran around to save him.<br />
<br />
“没见他不知道他死活，既然知道他还活着，我就怕他死了！问题还没搞清，死了孩子们都得背黑锅呀！他住在楼上，要到楼下的天井放风，上下都很辛苦，我到中央接待站去上访，请求把他搬到楼下来，这个要求被接受了。” <br />
<br />
"I didn't know if he was dead or alive when I didn't see him, and since I knew he was alive, I'm afraid he will die! The problem is not yet clear, and the children will have to get the blame if he is dead! He lived upstairs and had to go downstairs to the patio to breathe the fresh air. It was hard to get up and down, so I went to the reception center of the central committee to ask for moving him downstairs, and this request was accepted."<br />
<br />
袁庚搬到楼下的一间房，发现席子底下有一团花白的头发，他判断这里关过一个五十多岁的女同志。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng moved to a room downstairs and found a tangle of white hair under the matting. He judged that a female comrade in her fifties had been imprisoned here.<br />
<br />
后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事，王光美说：“没错，正是我住过的那间房。” <br />
<br />
Later he talked about it accidentally with comrade Wang Guangmei at a banquet, who said, "Yes, it was exactly the same room I lived in."<br />
<br />
袁庚出狱，已是1973年9月30日，整整关了5年半。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was released from prison on September 30, 1973, after five and a half years.<br />
<br />
在狱中，睡觉时只要一转身，看守就在外边敲门。夜晚，敲门声常常把人惊醒。袁庚回到家里，刚一入睡就惊醒了，这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年，这种心悸病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能，却用了更长的时间。每天，汪宗谦搀着袁庚，一步，一步，慢慢地走，越走越远，越走越快，走了一年之久，两条腿オ恢复了平衡。 <br />
<br />
In prison, when he was sleeping, as soon as he turned around, the guard was outside knocking on the door. At night, the knocking often woke him up. After Yuan Geng returned home, he woke up just as soon as he fell asleep, which was the real lingering fear. After half a year, this fear gradually disappeared. And it took longer to restore the function of that atrophied leg. Every day, Wang Zongqian helped Yuan Geng, step by step, slowly walking, further and faster. After walking for a year, his two legs restored the balance.<br />
<br />
更可悲的是，有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子，出来不会走直路了，一走就转圈，连马路也不能过。 <br />
<br />
What was more sad was that some people walked in circles for years in their cells, and when they came out, they couldn't walk straight, they walked in circles and even couldn't cross the road.<br />
<br />
人啊，人！ <br />
<br />
Oh, human!<br />
<br />
人的尊严到哪里去了！ <br />
<br />
Where had the dignity of human gone!<br />
<br />
经过一年多的休养治疗，1975年，袁庚被分配到交通部，当了外事局副局长。 <br />
<br />
After more than a year of recuperation and treatment, Yuan Geng was assigned to the Ministry of Communications as the deputy director of the Foreign Affairs Bureau in 1975.<br />
<br />
一恢复工作，袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体一样活跃起来。 <br />
<br />
Once he returned to work, Yuan Geng's mind became as active as his newly recovered body.<br />
<br />
恢复工作之前，袁庚骑自行车上街，总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道，“不能开慢点吗”！恢复工作之后，自己也坐上了小汽车，有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了，“不能靠边骑吗”！他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化，在心里警告自己道：”可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀！” <br />
<br />
Before he resumed work, Yuan Geng rode a bicycle to the street and always felt that the cars passing by were too overbearing, "Can't you drive slower"! After he resumed work, he also drove the car and sometimes felt that the bicycles on the road were in the way, "Can't you ride on the side"? He soon realized this subtle change in his mental state and warned himself, "I can't let my position dictate my thinking!"<br />
<br />
多年来，这成了他的一个信条。 <br />
<br />
Over the years, this became one of his credos.<br />
<br />
十一、香港第一课 <br />
<br />
Ⅺ. The First Lesson in Hong Kong<br />
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1978年，做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚，以花甲之年改行搞经济，被派到香港招商局担任副董事长。 <br />
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In 1978, Yuan Geng, who had spent most of his life in military and diplomatic work, changed his career to economics in his sixties and was sent to the China Merchants Hong Kong to serve as vice chairman.<br />
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招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日，招商局香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱，从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长，所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。从李鸿章算起，袁庚是第29任了。 <br />
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China Merchants Group was founded in 1872 by Li Hongzhang, a northern minister in the Qing Dynasty. On January 15, 1950, the 13 ships of the Hong Kong branch of China Merchants Group rose in revolt and returned to the embrace of the motherland, then becoming the representative agency of the Ministry of Communications in Hong Kong. Previous ministers of the Ministry of Communications also served as chairman of the China Merchants Hong Kong, so the vice chairman was the de facto person in charge. Reckoning from Li Hongzhang, Yuan Geng was the 29th minister.<br />
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香港招商局在极'左’思想影响之下，经营单一，困守一隅，搞了几十年没有什么发展。袁庚到任，根据中央定下的“以航运为中心，立足港澳，背靠内地，面向海外，多种经营，工商结合，买卖结合”的方针，以铁腕大力整顿。 <br />
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Under the influence of the thought of the extreme 'left’, the China Merchants Hong Kong was very conservative with narrow business scope, and didn't develop much for decades. When Yuan Geng took office, he made energetic efforts to rectify with an iron fist, according to the policy of "shipping as the center, based on Hong Kong and Macao, backed by the mainland, facing overseas, a variety of business, combination of industry and commerce, and combination of buying and selling" set by the central committee.<br />
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袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说： <br />
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Yuan Geng said in his speech at the Economic Seminar of Part Coastal Open Cities:<br />
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“我到香港的第一课，就是买了一座大楼，非常便宜，只花了6180万（港币）。第一次交订金时，支票2000万。那天是星期五，当时讲好下午2点钟，在一个律师楼里，大家一手交钱，一手交货。我们开了2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里，发动机都没有停。一上去之后，大家一手交货，一手交钱，签字。签完字，对方拿着支票，两个人夹住，下去了。剩下一个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度，马上存到银行里去了。因为明天是礼拜六了，人家银行关门，礼拜天也关门，假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前不到银行去交那个支票的话，他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支票交给他。我们的财务去了，他回来向我们报告，他说当时那个场面是很动人的。当然，我们闭着眼睛也能想到，资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重视，当时浮动利息是14厘，三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志，那就无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去，回家。他没有这个观念！这就是香港第一课。我也不怕自惭形秽，一窍不通，我接触经济工作，仅仅是5年多前开始的。但一开始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多！招商局的子公司多的是，一检查，发现支票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了，换了一个华东财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后，我就给他讲这个道理，一个礼拜之内他就能够接受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事，立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后，财源滚滚而来。……这个‘时间就是金钱’，不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我，其实这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’，它说得比我还厉害，时间重于金钱！” <br />
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"My first lesson in Hong Kong was to buy a building, which was very cheap, costing only 61.8 million (Hong Kong dollars). The deposit I paid for the first time was a cheque for 20 million. It was a Friday, and it was agreed that we would cash on delivery at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, in a lawyer building. We signed a cheque for 20 million and went to the lawyer building. There were many people from the seller's side. A few cars were parked downstairs, with their engines running. Once we went up, we cashed on delivery, and signed. After signing, the other party took the cheque, two people clamped it, and went down. One boss was left to talk to us about the aftermath. The cheque was sent to the bank to be deposited immediately by a car as fast as possible. Because tomorrow was Saturday, the bank was closed, and was also closed on Sunday. If he didn't go to the bank to hand over that cheque before 3 o'clock on Friday afternoon, he would lose the interest of 20 million for three days. So he asked for the cheque to be delivered to him on time. Our accountant went there and he came back to report to us, and he said it was a very moving scene. Of course, we could think it blindfolded. Why the capitalist attached so much importance to the interest of 20 million in the bank for three days. At that time, the floating rate was 1.4%, and three days means tens of thousands of dollars of interest. If it was our comrade in the mainland, it didn't matter. This check would be put at home and he would go home. Because he didn't have this concept! This was the first lesson I learned in Hong Kong. I'm not afraid to be ashamed of myself and know nothing about it. I just started working in the economy more than five years ago. But as soon as I started, I realized that we have a lot of problems with economic work in China! There are many subsidiaries of the China Merchants Group. When I checked, I found that they thought putting the cheque at home overnight was not a serious thing. Soon I changed the accountant and replaced him with a graduate from the East China College of Finance and Economics. When he came, I told him it, and within a week he was able to accept it. He said that money management here was totally different from the mainland, and he would immediately rectify it. After the rectification, the money was rolling in... 'Time is money' is not unreasonable. Now many people scold me. Actually, this phrase was not invented by me. China has long spoken 'An inch of time is worth an inch of gold', which is said more strongly than my words. Time is more important than money!"<br />
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招商局走上轨道，袁庚就考虑进一步的发展了。1979年初，他和有关同志带着在蛇口开发工业区的蓝图，到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志很感兴趣，当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给工业区，袁庚还没有这个胆量，只要了2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候，袁庚心里默默地说： <br />
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After China Merchants Group was on the right track, Yuan Geng considered further development. At the beginning of 1979, he and some related comrades went to Beijing to report to Li Xiannian, and Gu Mu with the blueprint for developing the industrial zone in Shekou. Li Xiannian and Gu Mu were very interested, and agreed to give the entire Nanshan Peninsula to the industrial zone. But Yuan Geng did not have the guts, only receiving 2.14 square kilometers. When Comrade Li Xiannian picked up his pen to sign their report, Yuan Geng silently said in his heart:<br />
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“先念同志，签吧，您这一笔下去，将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀！” <br />
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"Comrade Xiannian, sign it. With this stroke written down, future generations of the Chinese nation will be benefited ah!"<br />
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十二、清新 <br />
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Ⅻ. Freshness<br />
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1984年8月，蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅，迎面是一架屏风，正中间挂着一幅草书，苍劲流畅的书法，引人注目，细看那内容，更是气度非凡。这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本，把它抄了下来。 <br />
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In August 1984, the first painting and calligraphy exhibition in Shekou Industrial Zone opened. The audience entered the exhibition hall, facing a screen, with a cursive calligraphy hanging in the middle. The strong and smooth calligraphy was eye-catching. When looking closely at the content, it was more imposing. This was the work of the versatile Yuan Geng. I couldn't resist pulling out my notebook and copying it down.<br />
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登微波楼 <br />
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Climbing the Microwave Telecommunication Building<br />
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微波楼上，雨初晴，水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小，探手银河可摘。鹰掠浮云，鸥翻怒浪，何惧风雷激。掀天揭地，方显男儿胆识。梧桐山挹群峰，若游龙，直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海，洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排，帆樯队列，似神蛇添翼。中华崛起，英雄豪杰辈出。 <br />
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Standing on the Microwave Telecommunication Building, it just clears up after the rain and the sky is clear blue after being immersed in water. I look far away, finding that the universe is so small, as if I can reach for the Milky Way. The eagle glides through the floating clouds, and seagulls flip over the surging waves, who are completely unafraid of the gathering storm. The world is shaken, showing the courage and insight of men. The peaks of the Wutong Mountain, like dragons in flight, sweep across Tuen Mun in the northwest. Rolling Pearl River flows south into the sea, showering Lindingyang Bay with spring scenery. The factory buildings are located like fish scales, and the ships are in a queue, like the divine snake who has grown wings. With the rise of China, numerous heroes have emerged.<br />
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时维甲子，序属清明，雨后登蛇口微波楼，有清新感，兴之所至，填［念奴娇］。格律工否，非所计也，取其义耳。 <br />
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Now is Pure Brightness in 1984. After the rain, I climb the Microwave Telecommunication Building in Shekou and have a feeling of freshness. Then I write a poem to the tune of Nian Nu Jiao while the whim lasts. I don't consider the rules and forms of the poem, but the meaning of it.<br />
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宝安袁庚 <br />
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Yuan Geng in Baoan<br />
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我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过，“每登微波楼，均有清新感”。可见“清新感”一词不是随便用的。 <br />
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I paid attention to the words "have a feeling of freshness". In a letter to Liu Da, the president of Tsinghua University, Yuan Geng also said, "Every time I climb the Microwave Telecommunication Building, I have a feeling of freshness. It was clear that the phrase " a feeling of freshness " could not be used casually.<br />
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我有同感。 <br />
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I felt the same way.<br />
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蛇口经过5年多的建设，已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区，当然以工业为主。引进项目98个，有52个已经开业投产。几十座工厂，几百栋宿舍楼，海滨的花园别墅，在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排，帆樯队列”，完全是写实，没有一点夸张。工业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头，许多外国石油公司和财团的代表机构也在这里办公，水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前，蒲公英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上，就是引进的具有20世纪70年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望，整个工业区尽收眼底，难怪这是袁庚心爱的一个去处。 <br />
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After more than five years of construction, Shekou had become a new type of seaport. The industrial zone, of course, focused on industry. 82 projects had been introduced, 52 of which went into production. Dozens of factories, hundreds of dormitory buildings, and garden villas at the seaside went up at the desolate beach. "The factory buildings are located like fish scales, and the ships are in a queue" was written realistically, without any exaggeration. The seven-story office building of the Industrial Zone’s management committee was located close to the Wuwan Pier, where the representative offices of many foreign oil companies and consortia also worked here. The hydrofoils ran between Shekou and Hong Kong. In front of the building, a dandelion-like circular water sculpture splashed water like pearls. On the hill behind the building was the introduced microwave telecommunication building with the advanced level of the 1970s. Climbing the building to look around, the whole industrial area could be seen. No wonder this was Yuan Geng's favorite place to go.<br />
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六湾中央的岸边，停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪华的大型客轮，诞生于1962年的法国，后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间，它在海洋上奔波，到过数十个海港城市，如今它退役了，古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归宿之地。它虽然不再航行，但风姿不减当年，以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜，灯火通明，烟花四起，它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候，一片反对之声，现在事实说明，它为蛇口添了异彩，对的又是袁庚。 <br />
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The Minghua ship, which was dedicated an inscription of "Sea Word" by Deng Xiaoping, docked at the shore of the central area of Liuwan Bay. This luxury large passenger ship was born in France in 1962, and was later bought by Guangzhou Ocean Shipping Company. Over the past 21 years, it had traveled on the ocean and visited dozens of seaports. Now that it was retired, the ancient but young Shekou had become its home. Though it no longer sailed, but its charm was as good as ever, attracting thousands of visitors with its rooms, restaurants, dance hall, shopping mall and amusement park. At night, with its bright lights and fireworks, it seemed to be a palace on the sea. When Yuan Geng decided to spend 3 million yuan to buy it last year, many people disagreed with him. Now the facts showed that it had added a different color to Shekou. Yes, it was Yuan Geng again.<br />
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晚上，我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上，观两岸灯火，听一片涛声，历史和现实在脑海里交叉、叠印，我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远，就是伶仃洋，就是珠江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音，陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音，仿佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮，更是历史的见证。 <br />
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In the evening, I went for a walk at the seaside. I sat on the stone rail, watching the lights on both sides of the sea, listening to the sound of the wave, history and reality crossing and overprinting in my mind, and my heart could not calm down like the sea. Not far to the west, was the Lonely Ocean (Lindingyang Bay), which was the mouth of the Pearl River. The sound of Wen Tianxiang's sighing "On Lonely Ocean now I feel dreary and lonely" and the sound of Lu Xiufu's throwing himself into the sea with the Song Emperor on his back seemed to come from the depths of history. The rusty ancient cannon on the Chiwan Zuo Fort was also a witness of history.<br />
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144年前，面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队，它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼，从而揭开了鸦片战争的序幕。但是，它能打掉海盗船的威风，却打不掉清王朝的腐朽，它和林则徐一道被出卖了。花开花谢，潮涨潮落，一百年过去了，终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚，指挥炮兵健儿，威震敌胆，一举解放了这片土地，解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到，30年的历史弯路，辜负了这大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心，月黑风高之夜，来到这荒凉的海滩，从这儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙，涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候，痛苦的心情真是难以表达。现在好了，オ过去五年，不过是历史的一瞬，蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色，他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喁喁私语的情侣，望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的孩子，心里暗暗地说：祝福你们，幸运的蛇口人！ <br />
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Some young people lost confidence in the motherland. They came to this desolate beach in the dark and windy night, swimming to the lights on the other side from here. Some of them drowned in the halfway, and the tide pushed their bodies back to the place where they started. When Yuan Geng returned to Shekou five years ago and saw the bodies of these unfortunate people, it was hard to express his pain. Now, only five years passed, which was a moment in history, Shekou's lights at night were not inferior to the other side of the sea. It was said that Yuan Geng once drove on the other side of the sea to look at the night of Shekou, and I think it was also hard to express his joyful feelings. I looked at the couples whispering to each other on the benches in the seaside garden, at the children dancing around their young parents, and secretly said: Bless you, lucky Shekou people! 144 years ago, in the face of the unbeatable British Imperial Fleet, it bravely gave its first roar, thus opening the prologue of the Opium War. However, it could knock down the might of the pirate ships, but not the decadence of the Qing Dynasty, and it was betrayed along with Lin Zexu. With flowers blooming and fading, and the tide rising and falling, a hundred years passed, and it finally ushered in the earthshaking changes in 1949. Yuan Geng, the head of the artillery regiment of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, commanded the artillery soldiers to strike terror into the hearts of the enemy, and liberated this land and Dachan Island on Lindingyang Bay at one stroke. But no one expected that 30 years of historical detours failed to live up the beautiful land’s expectations.<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象，还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、工资制度的改革，由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化，这些属于上层建筑领域的清新之处，比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。 <br />
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These were the visible fresh scenes, but there were also the invisible ones. The reform of the economic system, the personnel system, the wage system, the changes in human relations and values caused by these changes, which were the freshness of the superstructure, was more beautiful and moving than the brilliant lights of the night.<br />
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啊，清新的蛇口！ <br />
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Ah, the fresh Shekou!<br />
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十三、心血 <br />
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XIII. Painstaking Effort<br />
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清新动人的蛇口，是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。 <br />
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The fresh and attractive Shekou was sculpted by thousands of laborers with their painstaking efforts and hands.<br />
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这中间，袁庚倾注了更多的心血。 <br />
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And Yuan Geng devoted more efforts.<br />
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工业区创建初期，香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥，他出色地贯彻了袁庚的意图，艰苦深入，日夜辛劳，给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港后，袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计，又关心具体问题，处理问题总是站在战略的高度，高瞻远瞩。他一天工作十几个小时，中午在藤椅上靠几分钟又工作了，晚上常常熬到深夜。 <br />
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In the early days of the industrial zone, Zhang Zhensheng, the general manager of Ocean Shipping Company affiliated to China Merchants Hong Kong, served as the commander-in-chief. He carried out Yuan Geng's intention brilliantly, going into more depth about it, working hard day and night, which left a deep impression on people. After he was transferred back to Hong Kong, Yuan Geng took on the main leadership position of the industrial zone himself. He not only considered the overall policy, but also cared about the specific problems. He always dealt with problems from a strategic height and looked far ahead. He worked more than ten hours a day, leaning on a rattan chair for a few minutes at noon and then working again. He often stayed up late at night.<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中，有个华美钢厂，是招商局与香港合资的企业。 <br />
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Huamei Steel was one of the first factories which were introduced, which was a joint venture between China Merchants Group and Hong Kong.<br />
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这位姓施的老板，本来是经营地皮股票的，对办工厂并无兴趣。 <br />
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The owner, surnamed Shi, used to trade land stocks, and was not interested in running a factory.<br />
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袁庚在印尼工作时结识的一位华侨朋友，代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术，认为在蛇口办一间轧制钢材的钢厂有利可图，便极カ劝施老板投资。 <br />
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A Chinese friend, who was met by Yuan Geng while he was working in Indonesia, investigated the steel technology in the country in Boss Shi's stead. He thought it was profitable to run a steel mill that rolled steel in Shekou, so he tried to advise Boss Shi to invest.<br />
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双方有利，一拍即合。 <br />
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The two sides were favorable, and they immediately agreed.<br />
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引进的设备在国内是先进的，投资额近一亿港元。 <br />
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The equipment introduced was advanced in China, and the investment was worth nearly HK$100 million.<br />
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1984年春，钢厂股东和工业区管委会举行联席会议，讨论经营方面面临的问题。港务公司提出一个悬案：建厂初期，厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的露天堆场，已经7个多月，港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费，而厂方拒绝付款，一直未能解决。 <br />
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In the spring of 1984, shareholders of the steel mill and the industrial zone management committee held a joint meeting to discuss the problems in management. The ports company put forward an unsolved case: in the early days of the factory, more than 3000 tons of steel were stacked in the open yard of Wuwan Pier. It had been more than seven months, and ports company wanted to collect HK $600000 in stacking fees, but the factory refused to pay, which had not been solved.<br />
<br />
这个问题一提出，气氛紧张起来，施老板很激动，把财务经理和总工程师都叫来，讨价还价。他们说，工厂里没有堆场，所以无法提货，这不能怪他们。袁庚提出到工厂去看看，确实没有堆场，但那是管理不善造成的，只要加以整顿，就完全可以清出堆场来。 <br />
<br />
As soon as this question was raised, the atmosphere became strained. Boss Shi was so excited that he called the financial manager and the chief engineer to haggle. They said there was no yard in the factory, so they could not take delivery of the goods, which could not blame them. Yuan Geng proposed to the factory to see. There was no storage yard indeed, but it was caused by mismanagement. As long as to rectify, they could completely clear a storage yard.<br />
<br />
施老板知道理亏，答应出一半堆放费。 <br />
<br />
Boss Shi knew that he was in the wrong position, promising to pay half of the stacking fee.<br />
<br />
事情没有解决，该吃午饭了，袁庚说下午再议。 <br />
<br />
The matter was not resolved. It was time to eat lunch, and Yuan Geng said to discuss it in the afternoon.<br />
<br />
午饭后的短暂时间，袁庚当机立断，做了我方人员的思想工作，说明吸引施先生投资办工厂不易，应从大处和远处着眼，做出让步。 <br />
<br />
In a short time after lunch, Yuan Geng made an immediate decision to do the ideological work of our staff, explaining that it was not easy to attract Mr. Shi to invest and run the factory, so they should look at the big picture and the long term, to make concessions.<br />
<br />
下午会一开始，施老板就不耐烦地说： <br />
<br />
As soon as the meeting started at noon, Boss Shi said impatiently:<br />
<br />
“袁老板，你拍板吧！工厂你招商局也有份的！” <br />
<br />
"Boss Yuan, you decide! Your Merchants Group take a share of the factory as well!"<br />
<br />
袁庚不紧不慢地说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said unhurriedly:<br />
<br />
“这件事，我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的，工厂怎能长期让它堆放在码头？工厂没有堆场，这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对，你们为什么不催货主提货，任凭这些钢铁长期堆放？难道只要有堆放费可收就行了？你们应当考虑工业区的全局利益，考虑如何促进生产。 <br />
<br />
"In this case, I think there is blame on both sides. Since the steel belongs to the factory, how can the factory let it be stacked at the pier for a long time? The factory does not have a store yard, which is caused by management chaos. The ports company is also wrong. Why didn't you urge the owner of the cargo to take delivery of the goods and let the steel pile up for a long time? Do you just need to have a stacking fee to collect? You should consider the overall interests of the industrial zone and consider how to promote production.<br />
<br />
“出现这样的问题，是第一次，我的意见，这一次堆放费就免了，下不为例，工厂必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。” <br />
<br />
"It is the first time that such a problem has occurred. My opinion is that the stacking fee will be waived this time, and it will not be repeated next time. And the factory must remove these steels as soon as possible."<br />
<br />
这种出乎意料的处理方式，使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说：“谢谢你，袁先生！我口服心服！工厂接受批评，一定限期运走。”之后施老板积极性大增，双方合作一直很好。 <br />
<br />
This unexpected treatment impressed Boss Shi, who was in his thirties. He stood up and said, "Thank you, Mr. Yuan! I was sincerely convinced! The factory accepted the criticism and must take them away within a certain time limit." Since then, Boss Shi had been more active and the cooperation between the two sides had been always very good.<br />
<br />
创造良好的投资环境，使投资方有利可图，才能进一步吸引外资，这一直是袁庚的一个指导思想。 <br />
<br />
Creating a good investment environment made investors profitable, and then further attracted foreign investment, which had been a guiding ideology of Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上，袁庚宣布装卸费减半，博得一阵热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解，后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光，这措施对吸引外资起了很好的作用。 <br />
<br />
In 1982, at the opening ceremony of the Shekou Branch of Nanyang Commercial Bank, Yuan Geng announced that the handling fee had been halved, which won a burst of warm applause. At that time, some comrades did not understand, and later the facts proved Yuan Geng's strategic vision. This measure played a good role in attracting foreign investment.<br />
<br />
在日本三洋（蛇口）公司的开业典礼上，袁庚风趣地对来宾说： <br />
<br />
At the opening ceremony of Japan Sanyo (Shekou) Company, Yuan Geng said humorously to the guests:<br />
<br />
“先生们，我们希望你们赚钱，你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, we hope you can make money, and we win when you make money."<br />
<br />
这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说： <br />
<br />
This certainly didn't mean in any way that we didn't want to make money. Yuan Geng also said to the bosses of Western oil companies:<br />
<br />
“先生们，我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来，那就看我的本事了。” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, I'm going to take money out of your pockets. And whether I can get the money depends on my ability."<br />
<br />
对这些坦率的语言，老板们总是报以掌声。 <br />
<br />
The bosses always applauded such frank words.<br />
<br />
但是，如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益，那就错了。 <br />
<br />
However, it would be wrong to think that Yuan Geng disregarded the principles of socialism and the interests of workers.<br />
<br />
在根本问题上，袁庚是坚定不移的。 <br />
<br />
On the fundamental issue, Yuan Geng was steadfast.<br />
<br />
1983年5月，由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震动整个工业区的事件。 <br />
<br />
In May 1983, an incident that shook the entire industrial zone occurred at the Kaida Toy Factory, which was wholly owned and operated by Hong Kong Kaida Industries Limited.<br />
<br />
一个时期以来，这家工厂为了追求超额利润，强迫工人超时加班，有时干到凌晨4点甚至6点，一个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地，工人发病率急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为工业区人们议论的焦点。 <br />
<br />
For a period of time, in pursuit of super profits, this factory forced workers to work overtime, sometimes as late as 4 a.m. or even 6 a.m., with one worker doing the work of the two. Many workers fainted from exhaustion, and the morbidity rate of workers rose sharply. Those who refused to work overtime would be fired. The Kaida factory became the focus of discussion in the industrial zone.<br />
<br />
5月下旬，工业区召开首届团代会，凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季，接受了大量订单，正在拼命赶工。尽管团代会是晚上举行，并不占用正常的劳动时间，厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳萍平时劳动质量好，效率高，很少出差错，可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停工，罪名是”拒绝加班”。 <br />
<br />
In late May, the industrial zone held the first League Member Congress, and Zheng Yanping, a female worker in the Kaida factory was a representative of league members. However, at this time, the factory accepted a large number of orders to meet the key season for sales of International Children's Day, and was desperately trying to catch up with the work. Although the congress was held in the evening and didn't take up the normal working time, the factory still didn't allow Zheng Yanping to attend. Zheng Yanping usually had good labor quality and high efficiency, and rarely made mistakes, but because she attended the League Member Congress, the factory still unreasonably stopped her work with the charge of "refusing to work overtime".<br />
<br />
工人们愤怒了！蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下，岂能任资本家为所欲为！ <br />
<br />
The workers were angry! After all, Shekou was ruled by socialism. How could they let the capitalists do whatever they want!<br />
<br />
共青团管不了工厂的事，工会来管。 <br />
<br />
Matters beyond the Communist Youth League's control, could be controlled by trade union.<br />
<br />
凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的一个大厂，当时有1200多名工人，占工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候，管委会副主任熊秉权说：“凯达厂工会搞不起来，整个工业区等于没搞！”厂工会建立起来了，由工业区团委副书记端木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘，别看才23岁，已经做了三年团的专职干部，在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿舍，她就向工业区领导写过一个调查报告，当时招商局从全局考虑，没把这件事闹大，平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报工业区领导。 <br />
<br />
The Kaida factory was a large factory with early investment and a large number of workers in the industrial zone, which had more than 1200 workers, accounting for one-third of the total number of workers in the zone. When preparing for the establishment of trade union, Xiong Bingquan, the deputy director of the management committee, said: "If the Kaida factory trade union could not be organized, the entire industrial zone was not built too!" The factory trade union was established, and Duanmu Mo, the deputy secretary of the League Committee of the industrial zone, was also the chairman of the union. This girl with glasses from Lianyungang, Jiangsu, although only 23 years old, had been a full-time cadre of the league for three years, who was unequivocal on matters of principle. Last year, she wrote an investigation report to the leaders of the industrial zone about the illegal search of workers' dormitories in the Kaida factory. At that time, China Merchants Groups considered the big picture, and didn't escalate, resolving it peacefully. Now Duanmu Mo promptly reported the situation to the leaders of the industrial zone step by step.<br />
<br />
报告送到袁庚手里。 <br />
<br />
The report was sent to Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
袁庚没见过郑艳萍，但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道，近来更关心着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng had never met Zheng Yanping, but he had dealt with the female workers in the Kaida factory three years ago. Recently, he was more concerned about their recent situation. He had fatherly feelings for them.<br />
<br />
1981年，袁庚从香港过来，听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡，没有桌子写信，写信要在走廊里写，有些人想家流泪，马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心，安慰工人，答应三天内一定解决她们的困难，临走伸出小手指说： <br />
<br />
In 1981, Yuan Geng came from Hong Kong and heard that the female workers in the Kaida Factory had no hot water for bathing, no table for writing letters, who had written them in the corridor, and some of them were homesick with tears. So he immediately went to the dormitory with Liu Qinglin, the deputy director, and Yu Weiping, the office director, to visit the workers. He had a heart-to-heart talk with the workers, comforted them, promising to solve their problems within three days. Before leaving, he stretched out his little finger and said:<br />
<br />
“你们信不信我的话？要不要勾手指？” <br />
<br />
"Do you believe me or not? Do you want to have a pinkie promise?"<br />
<br />
姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲，脸上的愁云一扫而光，开朗地笑了：“我们相信！” <br />
<br />
The girls did not expect the commander-in-chief to be so amiable, and the sad clouds on their faces were swept away and they smiled broadly: "We believe you!"<br />
<br />
“我们相信！”这不是相信袁庚他个人，而是相信党，相信社会主义啊！如今厂方对待工人无理到这种地步，再让步就丧失原则了。 <br />
<br />
"We believe you!" This was not to believe in Yuan Geng personally, but to believe in the Party, to believe in socialism! Now the factory treated the workers unreasonably to such an extent, and it would be a loss of principle to give in again.<br />
<br />
他激动地在报告上批道： <br />
<br />
He excitedly criticized in the report:<br />
<br />
“加班应是自愿原则，要找资方严肃讲清楚，不准他们胡来。” <br />
<br />
"Overtime work should be voluntary. We should make it clear to the management seriously, and don’t allow them to mess about with it."<br />
<br />
替工人说话，帮郑艳萍复工，维护独资企业工人的合法权益，工会是责无旁贷的。 <br />
<br />
It was the duty of the trade union to speak for the workers, help Zheng Yanping to resume work, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the workers of the sole proprietorship.<br />
<br />
根据他的批示精神，端木默深入女工宿舍，反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加班，找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后，往往谈到一两点钟。有的工人怕老板报复，在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲，常在深夜去敲她的门。经过一个多月的艰苦劳动，终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委，赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强，工作认真负责，积极主动。 <br />
<br />
According to his instructions, Duanmu Mo went deep into the female workers' dormitory and repeatedly made a lot of investigations. As workers had to work overtime, she usually talked to workers after 12 o'clock at night, often talking to one or two o'clock. Some workers were afraid of retaliation from the boss, they didn't dare to talk in front of others in the dormitory, and often knocked on her door late at night. After more than a month of hard work, she finally mastered a large number of first-hand materials. The Shenzhen Federation of Trade Unions Working Group once wrote to the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone for it, praising Comrade Duanmu Mo for her high vigilance, strong organization, conscientious and responsible work, activeness and initiative.<br />
<br />
接着，在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切配合下，把工厂几年来违法的行为，包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍，侵犯人权，以及厂方无限制加班加点，给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来，整理成材料，向厂方提出：如不改正错误，就诉诸法律，寻求法律途径解决。 <br />
<br />
Then, under the specific guidance of the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone, the District Trade Union and the Shenzhen Federation of Trade Unions and with the close cooperation of all relevant departments, all the illegal acts of the factory over the past few years, including the illegal search of the workers' dormitories last year, human rights violations, and the unrestricted overtime required by the factory, which brought serious harm to the health of the workers, were collected and compiled into materials and proposed to the factory: If they didn't correct the mistakes, they would resort to the law, seeking legal solutions.<br />
<br />
厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下，厂主不得不答应给郑艳萍复工，补发停工期间的工资，工人加班自愿，每天加班时间控制在两小时以内。 <br />
<br />
The factory understands the consequences of resorting to the law. The law of value worked. With the efforts of many parties, the factory owner had to promise to allow Zheng Yanping back to work, compensating the wages during the suspension period. And the workers worked overtime voluntarily, with overtime hours limited to less than two hours a day.<br />
<br />
斗争胜利了。 <br />
<br />
The struggle was won.<br />
<br />
原来很普通的女工郑艳萍，在斗争中受到锻炼，成了凯达厂工会副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默，现在已由工业区组干处推荐，考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系，凯达厂工会工作的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了。 <br />
<br />
Zheng Yanping, a very ordinary female worker before, was trained in the struggle and became the vice president of the trade union of the Kaida factory and a women's commissioner of the trade union of the industrial zone. Duanmu Mo, who had majored in English in Lianyungang for two years, was now recommended by the Division of Organizing Cadres of the industrial zone and enrolled in the business management department of Shenzhen University's cadre training course, and the burden of trade union work in the Kaida factory fell on her shoulders.<br />
<br />
工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争，这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯达厂开工以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口“到底姓社还是姓资”的人，也可以从这里得出必要的结论。 <br />
<br />
All the sole proprietorships and joint ventures in the industrial zone had seen this struggle, and the victory of this struggle was our total comeback against a series of bad behaviors of the Kaida factory since it started work. Those who doubted whether Shekou was surnamed "Socialism or Capitalism" could draw the necessary conclusions from here.<br />
<br />
十四、玫瑰之城 <br />
<br />
XIV. The City of Roses<br />
<br />
“袁庚考虑方针大计，包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了10万元专款，还从北京请来了二刘。”工业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。（今年4月，比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任，他改任副主任，这就是能上能下。） <br />
<br />
"The major policies and measures Yuan Geng considered included planting roses to beautify Shekou. He took out a special loan of 100,000 yuan from the bank and invited Double Liu from Beijing." Comrade Yu Weiping, former office director of the industrial zone and now deputy director of the office, introduced to me. (In April this year, Gu Liji, who was younger than him, became the director of the office, and he became the deputy director. That was being able to take a lower as well as a higher post.)<br />
<br />
二刘，就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹一。 <br />
<br />
Double Liu, was Yuan Geng's old friends Liu Yamin and Liu Danyi.<br />
<br />
刘丹一，江苏海门人，祖先以种花和养盆景出名，有“田状元”之称，他自己也从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后，没有了种花的闲情逸致，“十年动乱”中靠边站，这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历史较短，才三年，但由于潜心研究，也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北京月季花协会的理事，各自种着几百棵月季。 <br />
<br />
Liu Dan Yi, from Haimen, Jiangsu Province, whose ancestor was famous for flower planting and Bonsai cultivation and was known as the "Number One Scholar in Farmland", also loved flower planting since he was a child. After he joined the New Fourth Army in 1940, he did not have time and mood to grow flowers. When he stood aside during the "Ten Years of Turmoil", he picked up the hobby again. The flowers he planted were quite famous in Beijing. Liu Yamin had a shorter history of planting flowers, only three years, but due to his dedicated research, he was also an expert in planting flowers. Both of them were directors of the Beijing China Roses Association, and each of them planted hundreds of China roses.<br />
<br />
67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部，工资不低，又都有美满的家庭，本应在首都安享天伦之乐，但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到蛇口来了。 <br />
<br />
67-year-old Liu Yamin and 64-year-old Liu Danyi were both retired. They were quite responsible cadres. Their wages were not low, and they had happy families, so they should have enjoyed their happy lives in the capital, but Yuan Geng "instigated" them to Shekou.<br />
<br />
“不是袁庚请，我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。 <br />
<br />
"If Yuan Geng hadn't invited us, we wouldn't have come." said Liu Yamin, a tall and strong old man.<br />
<br />
刘丹一还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人，北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉，袁庚亲自写信把他聘请了来，充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人，作家沈从文的表侄，画家黄永玉的表弟，他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北京父母身边，因为语言不通，9岁オ开始上小学。读了9年书，初中毕业那年碰上“文化大革命”，进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”，把工厂的花盆全砸了，院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了，这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可怜那些花木和小树，晚上，他偷偷地把一棵小枣树带回家，栽在院子里，同时开始种起花来。他没有更高的境界，只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西；故乡的山花多美呀，为什么在北京就不能种呢？从此他和花结下了不解之缘。 <br />
<br />
Liu Danyi also recommended a young man, Long Quan, 36 years old, a director of the Beijing China Roses Association, to Yuan Geng. Yuan personally wrote a letter to hire him to serve as Double Liu's assistant. Long Quan was a native of the Tujia ethnic group in western Hunan, a cousin of the writer Shen Congwen and a cousin of the painter Huang Yongyu, whose father was a professor at the Central Academy of National Minorities. He grew up in his hometown until he was 7 years old and then came to live with his parents in Beijing. Because of the language difficulties, he didn't go to elementary school until he was 9 years old. After studying for 9 years, he encountered the "Cultural Revolution" when he graduated from middle school and became an apprentice in a Beijing Automobile Factory. The Red Guards entered the factory to Attack on the Four Olds, smashing all the plant pots and uprooting the jujube trees as thick as the thumb in the yard, which the simple Tujia man could not understand in any way. He took pity on the flowers and small trees. At night, he secretly took a small jujube tree home and planted it in the courtyard. At the same time, he began to plant flowers. He didn't have a higher realm, but just instinctively felt that he should love and protect beautiful things; how beautiful the flowers on the hills in his hometown were, and why couldn't he plant flowers in Beijing? From then on, he had an inseparable relationship with flowers.<br />
<br />
他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部，却把全部业余时间花在种花上，到了入迷的程度。经过十几年风雨，院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了；他种的400多株玫瑰，年年换代，驰名京华。别看他没上过大学，北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究生，也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展，展出400多个品种，3000多盆，其中就有他送展的20盆花，每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前来参观，他陪同介绍，园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻轻，貌不惊人，而且颇为土气，就故意考他，指着一株名花问他那是什么品种，他不假思索地答道： <br />
<br />
He later became a cadre of the Nationality Printing Press Factory, but he spent all his spare time on planting flowers to the extent of obsession. After more than a decade of wind and rain, the jujube tree in the courtyard had grown up and fruited; he planted more than 400 roses, blooming every year, which was famous in Beijing. Although he hadn't been to college, but the graduate students of Professor Chen Junyu, the director of Department of the Horticulture in Beijing Forestry College, also asked him to give lectures. In May 1983, Beijing held the third Moonflower Exhibition, displaying more than 400 varieties and 3,000 pots, including 20 pots of flowers he sent to the exhibition with one variety per pot. Marianne, an expert from the Federal France, came to visit and he accompanied her to introduce, with a chief engineer from the Bureau of Parks acting as a translator. Seeing that he was young, homely, and a little bit rustic, the expert deliberately tested him, pointing to a famous flower and asking him what variety it was. He replied without thinking:<br />
<br />
“这是贵国的‘明星’、世界十大名种的第三名，在20世纪70年代是最好的。” <br />
<br />
"This is the 'star' of your country, the third in the world's top ten species, which was the best in the 1970s."<br />
<br />
联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实，龙泉不但能识别数百个品种，而且知道许多品种的来历和传说，谈起来如数家珍。 <br />
<br />
The expert from Federal Germany was greatly surprised. In fact, Long Quan could not only identify hundreds of varieties, but also knew the origin and legends of many of them, and he was very familiar with them when talking about them.<br />
<br />
5月6日，他带着600株花苗，乘飞机到达广州，当天工业区的汽车便把他接到蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话，问他是否适应这里的生活，他说：“要做开拓者，决不当逃兵！”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上，5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京，一个月后，再次带了4000多株苗回来。 <br />
<br />
On May 6, he arrived in Guangzhou by plane with 600 seedlings, and a car from the industrial zone took him to Shekou that day. On the 8th, Yuan Geng talked with him and asked him whether he adapted to life here, and he said, "I want to be a pioneer, and will never be a deserter!" The survival rate of the seedlings he brought was over 90%. On May 17, Yuan Geng asked him to follow Liu Danyi back to Beijing, and a month later, he brought back more than 4,000 seedlings again.<br />
<br />
如今老少三人住着工业区的一套三房一厅，客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电视机，煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准，他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他们自得其乐。每天上午，两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃，顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、施肥；龙泉则早出晚归，整天待在苗圃和工人一起干。 <br />
<br />
Now the three young and old men lived in an apartment with three rooms and one living room in the industrial zone. There were only a few rattan chairs and a black-and-white TV in the living room, and they cooked and washed clothes by themselves. According to the standard of Shekou, their life was humble. But they enjoyed it. Every morning, the two old men walked 20 minutes to the nursery, under the burning sun to guide workers to graft and fertilize; Long Quan went out early in the morning and went back home late at night, staying in the nursery and working all day with workers.<br />
<br />
我对种花是外行，听他们谈花经，得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来的。”刘亚民老人对我说，“任何花果，不嫁接就退化。比如桃树，再好的桃子，把核种下去长出来就是毛桃，不能吃，只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉，就更复杂了。” <br />
<br />
I was a layman in planting flowers, and l benefited a lot when I listened to them talk about their experience of planting flowers. "Good varieties were created by grafting and hybridization." Liu Yamin said to me, "Any flowers and fruits will degenerate without grafting. For example, no matter how good a peach is, it will bear wild peaches when its kernel was planted, which can't eat. The tree can only be used as the rootstock for grafting. Hybridization needs to be hand-pollinated, which is even more complicated."<br />
<br />
我心里却想，蛇口的改革，不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗？多年来我们闭关自守，总以为自己的体制最纯，好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上，结果怎么样呢？大家都知道了。杂交出新，这恐怕是一条普遍规律，包括写文章在内，不能老是墨守成规。 <br />
<br />
But I thought to myself that wasn't the reform of Shekou also a sense of grafting and hybridization? For many years we closed the door on ourselves, always thinking that our own system was the purest, as if Marx only sat on our bed, and what was the result? We all knew. New products were created by hybridization, which was even a universal law, including writing articles that could not always stick to established practice.<br />
<br />
龙泉年轻，想得更多一些。他说，中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载，外国原来只有一般的玫瑰，没有四季开花的月季，月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后约瑟芬的玫瑰园里，就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后，随着国家的衰弱，月季的种植也凋零了，现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会，我们中国还没有，只是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流，我们拿不出什么优良品种。外国人感兴趣的古老品种，像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等，已经很难寻了。 <br />
<br />
Long Quan was young and thought a little more. He said that there were records of moonflowers in China since the Jin Dynasty. There were only ordinary roses in foreign countries, but no China roses blooming all year round. The China rose came from China. In the rose garden of Josephine, the queen of Napoleon, there were China roses introduced from China. After the Opium War, with the weakening of the country, the planting of China roses also faded. Now there were China rose associations in the United States, Japan, Germany, France and other countries, but China didn't have one yet. Only Beijing, Shanghai and other cities just established it. People wanted to exchange with us, but we couldn't take out any good varieties. The old varieties that foreigners were interested in, like green rose, Ardisia faberi, Paul Neyron, Old Blush, etc., were already hard to find.<br />
<br />
“现在世界上最好的品种是什么？”我问。 <br />
<br />
"What is the best variety in the world now?" I asked.<br />
<br />
“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中，一个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。” <br />
<br />
"Yellow Peace is the best. It was cut and sent to the United States by a French in World War II."<br />
<br />
“你有什么打算？” <br />
<br />
"What are your plans?"<br />
<br />
“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说，月季不适应太热的气候，24摄氏度以上就开不好，现在是7月，你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究，使蛇口不但成为玫瑰之城，而且四季都能开好。” <br />
<br />
"I want to let China rose take root in Shekou. Generally speaking, China roses don't adapt to hot climate, and don't bloom well above 24 degrees Celsius. Now it is July, you see, the flowers are very small. I want to do some research to make Shekou not only a city of roses, but they can bloom well in all seasons."<br />
<br />
“你在这里干两年，你爱人没有意见吗？” <br />
<br />
"Doesn't your wife have complains with you working here for two years?"<br />
<br />
“当然有意见。我结婚晚，孩子オ3岁，我来的时候，她和孩子送到飞机场，临上飞机，孩子喊爸爸，我差点掉下眼泪，头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇ロ，个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下，他又说，”有人说我是为了四大件，为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了，住的也宽敞。这里每月给我200元，可是空军后勤部请我去种花，每月给250，还有小车坐，我也没去。来这里一个多月了，什么‘海上世界’、购物中心，我不知道在哪儿，我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。” <br />
<br />
"Of course she has complains. I married late, and the child was only 3 years old. When I was going to come here, she and the child sent me to the airport. Before boarding the plane, when the child shouted father, I almost fell into tears, and I did not dare to look back. But I did not regret it. It was worth making some personal sacrifices to beautify Sheko. The two old comrades were my role models." After a pause, he added, "Some people said I came to Shekou for four major possessions, for high wages. In fact, I have all the major possessions at home, and I live in a spacious house. I was given 200 yuan a month, but the Air Force Logistics Department invited me to plant flowers, 250 yuan per month, and I could sit in a small car. I didn't go. I have been here for more than a month. I don't know where the 'Sea World', and shopping centers are. I only know the road from the dormitory to the nursery."<br />
<br />
在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里，听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心声，我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草，在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同志，你真行，你把这三位种花人请到蛇口，他们不仅能种玫瑰，而且正在种鲜艳的精神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰，我们一定也会有的。 <br />
<br />
In the simple bamboo scaffold of the rose nursery, I heard this dark-faced and thin Tujia man pour out his heart, and was deeply moved. There are plenty of fish in the sea and there were beautiful hearts everywhere in Shekou. Comrade Yuan Geng, you were really good. You invited these three flower growers to Shekou, who could not only grow roses, but were growing bright spiritual flowers. We must have the blooming roses you saw in England in the future.<br />
<br />
十五、激动的工程师 <br />
<br />
XV. The Excited Engineer<br />
<br />
7月10日，《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息，标题是《蛇口观念》。在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下，有一段话说： <br />
<br />
On July 10, the ''Yangcheng Evening News'' published a news from Xinhua News Agency on the front page with the headline "Shekou Concept". Under the subheading of "Cadres must create a new situation", there was a paragraph saying:<br />
<br />
蛇口有一个“海上世界”，它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸边，作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个“海上世界”的前任经理作风正派，工作辛苦，不久前却被解聘了。原因是他在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。 <br />
<br />
Shekou has a "Sea World", which fixed a large decommissioned tourist ship on the shore of Shenzhen Bay as a hotel and entertainment venue. It is said that this unique hotel is also rare in the world. The former manager of this "Sea World" is decent and hard-working, but was dismissed not long ago. The reason was that he did not make a groundbreaking contribution to "Sea World".<br />
<br />
“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献！”“海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程师十分激动地对我说。 <br />
<br />
"I disagree that I did not make a groundbreaking contribution!" "Engineer Wang Chaoliang, the former general manager of "Sea World", said to me with great excitement.<br />
<br />
的确，我听到的议论，大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业，为“海上世界”尽早开业做出了贡献；说他只干了155天，已经开始赢利，把他换下来是没有理由的；说华轮大部分职工怀念他，如果举行投票，他肯定会占压倒优势…… <br />
<br />
Indeed, most of the comments I heard were sympathetic to Wang Chaoliang. They said that he worked hard to start the business and made contributions to the opening of "Sea World" as soon as possible; that he worked for only 155 days and already started making profits, so there was no reason to replace him; that most of the employees of Guanghua Ship missed him, and if there was a vote, he would definitely have an overwhelming advantage...<br />
<br />
“对袁董我是很敬佩的，蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题上，我不理解他为什么这样做！我一直是按照他的指示工作的，如果说我有缺点，那么谁没有缺点？” <br />
<br />
"I have great respect for Chairman Yuan, and the reform and achievements of Shekou are inseparable from him. But on the issue of the Minghua ship, I don't understand why he did it! I have always worked according to his instructions, and if I have shortcomings, and then who doesn’t have?"<br />
<br />
46岁的王潮梁，个儿不高，精力充沛，说话直言不讳，丝毫不掩饰他的激动情绪。我觉得能够理解他，而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了17年飞机设计，5年飞翔船设计，壮志未酬，抱着极大的希望来到蛇口，本想趁壮年干一番事业，不料明华轮的事业刚刚开始，却被换了下来，他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang, 46 years old, not tall, was energetic and outspoken, who didn't hide his excitement. I felt I could understand him and wanted to build a friendship with him. He had been engaged in aircraft design for 17 years and hydrofoil design for 5 years, and his ambition was not fulfilled. He came to Shekou with great hope, hoping to achieve something in his prime, but unexpectedly he was replaced just as his career in Minghua ship had started. His painful feeling was conceivable.<br />
<br />
他平静下来，和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。 <br />
<br />
He calmed down and talked to me about the situation before and after the opening of Minghua ship.<br />
<br />
王潮梁是1983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经理的。11月22日，明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平，道路未修好，上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上，工作量都很大。12月1日晚上，董事会决定1984年1月15日试开张，2月1日正式开张。 <br />
<br />
On November 19, 1983, Wang Chaoliang was appointed as the general manager by the board of directors of Sea World Corporation Limited. On November 22, the Minghua ship was towed to its present location. At that time, the beach had not been filled in and the road had not been built, so it was necessary to take a small boat to board the ship. The workload on the ship and on the shore was huge. On the evening of December 1, the board of directors decided to have a soft opening on January 15, 1984, and officially open it on February 1.<br />
<br />
袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会，每次打长途电话来必问明华轮。12月初，他从北京回来了，看到开张准备工作不太理想，十分焦急。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was extremely concerned about the opening of Minghua ship. He was in Beijing for a meeting, and every time he made a long-distance call, he asked about Minghua ship. In early December, he came back from Beijing and was very anxious after seeing that the preparations for the opening were not good enough.<br />
<br />
管委会组干处的袁复兴，每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上，他跑到明华轮附近时，大约6点钟光景，四下无人，只见袁庚独自站在海滩边，竖起呢子大衣的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风，默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织干部，知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚，继续沿着海边跑去。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Fuxing of the Management Committee's Division of Organizing Cadres started to run at 5 o'clock every morning. On the morning of the 7th, when he ran to the vicinity of the Minghua Ship, at about 6 o'clock, there was no one around, only to see Yuan Geng standing alone by the beach, who turned up the collar of his wool coat to break the icy wind, and silently looked at the Minghua ship. The organization cadre, who understood Yuan Geng's character well, knew that Yuan Dong was dissatisfied with the progress of the work. He didn't disturb Yuan Geng and continued to run along the seashore.<br />
<br />
当天傍晚，袁庚又来到明华轮附近，正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗立和秘书俞奇。 <br />
<br />
In the evening of that day, Yuan Geng came to the vicinity of the Minghua Ship again, meeting General Manager Wang Chaoliang, Vice General Manager Hu Zongli and his secretary Yu Qi.<br />
<br />
“你们准备几时开张？”袁庚单刀直入，问王潮梁。 <br />
<br />
"When are you going to open?" Yuan Geng asked Wang Chaoliang in a straightforward manner.<br />
<br />
“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。 <br />
<br />
"We are going to open on February 1." Wang Chaoliang replied.<br />
<br />
“我和你没有共同语言！”袁庚不留情面地说。 <br />
<br />
"I have no common language with you!" Yuan Geng said bluntly.<br />
<br />
“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。 <br />
<br />
"He's just been in office for more than half a month..." The secretary Yu Qi said carefully.<br />
<br />
“我不管！他是总经理我就找他！”袁庚一甩手，愤然转身走去，几个人紧紧跟在后边。走到海景餐厅门口，袁庚站定，继续说： <br />
<br />
"I don't care! Because he is the general manager, I must talk to him!" Yuan Geng flung his hand, turned around and walked away indignantly, with several people following closely behind. Walking to the door of the sea-view restaurant, Yuan Geng stood still and continued to say:<br />
<br />
“干工作，就要呕心沥血，全力以赴，不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急，你们不急吗？” <br />
<br />
"We have to spare no pains and make all-out effort to work, and can't drag our feet. As an old man, I am very anxious. Aren't you guys not anxious?"<br />
<br />
“袁董，我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。 <br />
<br />
"Chairman Yuan, that was exactly what I did." Wang Chaoliang said this in a way neither servile nor overbearing.<br />
<br />
“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了，同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张，可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号，再过8天，12月15号，必须部分开张。” <br />
<br />
"I know you work hard. But it's too late to open in February, comrade! You can't just open it after everything is done. You can open it partially. Today is December 7, and eight days later, on December 15, it must be partially opened."<br />
<br />
“我们一定做到！”王潮梁立即表态，同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿），双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去，态度已经缓和了，对着女秘书俞奇说：”小俞，吃得消吗？你父亲有没有这样骂过你？” <br />
<br />
"We will do it!" Wang Chaoliang immediately commit himself, took out the "Business plan of Sea World Corporation Limited" (discussion draft) drafted by the deputy general manager Hu Zongli, and presented it to Yuan Geng with both hands. When Yuan Geng took it, he softened, saying to the female secretary Yu Qi, "Yu, can you bear it? Has your father ever scolded you like this?"<br />
<br />
父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
<br />
Yu Qi, whose father was the director of a provincial cultural bureau, had seen leading cadres with all kinds of temperaments and was not nervous: <br />
<br />
“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
<br />
"There is nothing I can't bear. But my father was not too fierce."<br />
<br />
当天晚上，袁庚几乎彻夜不眠，仔细审阅了《经营方案》，就在方案上面大笔挥洒，写了一个长长的批语： <br />
<br />
That night, Yuan Geng almost stayed up all night, carefully reviewing the "business plan" and writing a long remark on it with a stroke of the pen:<br />
<br />
“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全，什么都搞好了再开张，因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为，不要等什么条件都具备才开始营业，早点开业可以逐步改善，逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的才开业，恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的，把企业成败当成个人成败，呕心沥血，全力以赴，搞好经营作风，服务一流，哪怕一时赚不了钱，也是可以允许的，谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的，蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样一个‘海上世界’，这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异彩。对经理人员我是信任的，应给予他们更大自主权，以便于发挥他们的群策群カ的创新和负责精神，让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧，要支持，不要一遇挫折就泼冷水。 <br />
<br />
"This report and analysis are basically scientific. But the Management Department always want to make everything perfect, and open it when everything is done, so they postponed the opening until next February (Spring Festival). I personally think that we should not wait for all conditions to open. If opening early, they can gradually improve it and practice. ... If they think that everything has to be done properly before opening, I am afraid that it will never be perfect and they have to prepare for a loss for six months. People should have a little spirit. Even if they can't earn money for a period, it can be acceptable to take the success or failure of the enterprise as personal success or failure, spare no pains, make all-out effort, do a good job in management style, and provide a first-class service. No one is sure that he must make money. But there is one thing I always believe, Shekou Industrial Zone needs such a 'sea world' like Minghua ship, which can add a different color to Shekou for the whole country. I trust the managers, and they should be given greater autonomy in order to make use of innovations from their collective wisdom and efforts and responsible spirits. Let these young people make their own way. We have to support them, not pour cold water when they meet setbacks.<br />
<br />
“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够，则应加以鼓励、批评。 <br />
<br />
"But sometimes they are helpless in the face of difficulties or lack the determination and courage to overcome difficulties, and they should be encouraged and criticized.<br />
<br />
“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了，一直抓得不紧，没有一种紧迫感，现场冷冷清清，船上、地上工程进度慢，互相埋怨，人事部门在调人方面不够有力，董事会有时处于无人拍板的状态...... <br />
<br />
"It has been half a month since the Minghua ship sat on the beach, they have not held on tightly without a sense of urgency. The site is deserted, and the progress of works on the ship and ground is slow. They complain to each other. The personnel department is not strong enough in transferring people. The board of directors sometimes doesn't have one man who can finally decide...<br />
<br />
“明华轮工程和全面工作，我感到很难过，和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪，可能他们年轻人受不了，但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作，争取早日部分开业……” <br />
<br />
"I feel very sad about the project and the comprehensive work of Minghua Ship, so I was excited when I talked to people in Management Department. As the young people, perhaps they could not stand it, but they all said afterward that they must catch up on preparations on the ship and strive for partial opening as soon as possible..."<br />
<br />
第二天上午，招商局远洋公司总经理江波，根据袁庚批语，组织有关部门开联席会议，落实了12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的一星期。 <br />
<br />
The next morning, the general manager of China Merchants Group Ocean Shipping Company, Jiang Bo, according to Yuan Geng's remark, organized a joint meeting of the relevant departments, confirming the specific measures for the opening on December 15. Then came a week of intense work around the clock.<br />
<br />
12月15日，明华轮准备好了50间客房，袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备情况，表示满意。12月16日，第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日，公司董事长王今贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。 <br />
<br />
On December 15, 50 rooms were ready for Minghua Ship. Yuan Geng, Jiang Bo and Wang Jingui went on board to check the preparations for the opening and expressed their satisfaction. On December 16, the first guests boarded the ship for accommodation. On December 23, Wang Jingui, the chairman of the company, hosted a banquet for foreign guests and Hong Kong businessmen in the industrial zone in the ballroom of Minghua Ship.<br />
<br />
1984年1月26日，邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮，在船上用午餐和休息，听取了袁庚的汇报，邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬四海。 <br />
<br />
On January 26, 1984, Deng Xiaoping and other leading comrades of the Central Committee boarded Minghua Ship, having lunch and resting on board, and listening to Yuan Geng's report. Deng Xiaoping happily wrote an inscription of "Sea World". Then Minghua Ship became famous all over the world.<br />
<br />
王潮梁承认，如果不是袁庚抓得紧，明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来，但他的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托，他总是觉得委屈。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang admitted that if Yuan Geng had not held on tightly, Minghua Ship could not receive Deng Xiaoping and other comrades on January 26. He greatly admired Yuan Geng's strategic vision. Yuan Geng certainly didn't know in advance that Comrade Deng Xiaoping would come, but his sense of urgency was entirely correct. Wang Chaoliang, however, thought he had never failed Yuan Geng's commission, so he always felt wronged.<br />
<br />
“你现在筹备第二民航的工作，不是比明华轮更重要吗？可见袁庚还是信任你的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的，王潮梁作为招商局的代表参加筹备工作。 <br />
<br />
"You are preparing for the Second Civil Aviation. Isn't it more important than Minghua ship? It shows that Yuan Geng trusts you." The Second Civil Aviation was initiated by the China Merchants Hong Kong and Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces and Wang Chaoliang participated in the preparations as a representative of the Merchants Group.<br />
<br />
“当然，第二民航如果搞起来，比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我下来时并没说调我干这个，如果这样说我一点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7日オ交给我的。” <br />
<br />
"Of course, if the Second Civil Aviation is started, it will be many times more important than Minghua Ship. But I was not asked to do this when I was told to come down on April 11. If so, I have no opinion at all. This task was given to me on May 7."<br />
<br />
“说不说都一样，反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的？” <br />
<br />
"It's the same whether he said it or not. Anyway, he told you to do it. What did Yuan Geng say to you at that time?"<br />
<br />
“他说：’你的工作调整以后，我们一直在考虑新的工作，现在叫你去筹备第二民航，如果你愿意干，就先出去跑一趟。’” <br />
<br />
"He said, 'After your job was adjusted, we have been considering a new job for you. Now you are called to prepare the Second Civil Aviation. If you are willing to do it, you can go.'"<br />
<br />
“他用了’调整’这个词，可见不是’解聘’，更不是’撤职’。你要想开点，高姿态，不要老是计较。” <br />
<br />
"He used the word ‘adjust', not ‘dismiss', and not ‘remove'. You should take it easy, have a lofty stance, and don't care too much about it."<br />
<br />
“第二民航现在以民航局为主，恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部培训班学员，抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。” <br />
<br />
"The Second Civil Aviation now focuses on the Civil Aviation Administration. I'm afraid it is not impossible. Recently students of the third training course for business management cadres will be recruited, which draws me to take a key admission team to the northwest and southwest."<br />
<br />
“这更说明对你的信任，高兴地去吧，别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。 <br />
<br />
"This further shows that he trusts you. Go happily. Don't think so much." I advised him like his old friend.<br />
<br />
王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵，我开始怀疑，是不是袁庚用错人了？袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人，用错个把人也不奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang set out. But my ears were filled with criticism on Zheng Yi, the new general manager of Minghua Ship, and I began to wonder if Yuan Geng used the wrong person? Yuan Geng was also a vivid and substantial person, so it was not strange to use the wrong person. But the Minghua Ship mattered greatly... I decided to board on Minghua ship to visit the 24-year-old general manager.<br />
<br />
十六、年轻的总经理 <br />
<br />
ⅩⅥ. The Young General Manager<br />
<br />
一天下午，我走上明华轮最高一层，敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外两间，外间是秘书俞奇的办公室，里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕，他穿一件花格子上衣，戴着近视眼镜，面孔白皙，还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的记者证，他对俞奇说： <br />
<br />
One afternoon, I walked up to the top floor of Minghua Ship and knocked on the door of the general manager's office. This office was divided into two rooms, the outer room and the inner room. The outer one was the office of Secretary Yu Qi, and the inner one was the office of the general manager and deputy general manager. The person who opened the door was exactly Zheng Yi. He wore a plaid jacket, a pair of spectacles with a fair face, and hadn't taken off the look of a university student. After looking at my press card, he said to Yu Qi:<br />
<br />
“我有些事要处理，你先接待一下。” <br />
<br />
"I have some things to deal with. You receive him first."<br />
<br />
说罢走进里间，把门关上了。 <br />
<br />
Then he walked into the inner room and closed the door.<br />
<br />
“好大的架子！”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈，在低头赶写着什么。我只好坐在沙发上等待。<br />
<br />
"How arrogant he was!" I thought to myself. Yu Qi didn't talk to me immediately, and she was writing something with his head down. I had to sit on the sofa and wait.<br />
<br />
约莫过了半小时，俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同志，显得老成持重，也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务，希望从他们这个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。 <br />
<br />
About half an hour before Yu Qi politely talked to me. This was a 30-year-old woman, looking experienced and prudent, who was also a graduate from Tsinghua University. I explained the task of writing Yuan Geng, hoping to understand the problem of Yuan Geng's choice on personnel from their point of view.<br />
<br />
她是非常敏感的，马上对我说： <br />
<br />
She was very sensitive and immediately said to me,<br />
<br />
“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错，也认为他是个很好的同志，他热情、正派，工作积极，群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重，优柔寡断，缺乏魄カ，管理跟不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断，换上郑奕，这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年轻，却很有魄カ，有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了工资制度，取消了基本工资，完全实行职务工资，扩大了差别，更能调动干部和工人的积极性。有人对这个改革有不同看法，但袁董是支持的，他说为什么不可以试一试呢。” <br />
<br />
"I personally have a good relationship with the former general manager Wang Chaoliang, and also think he is a very good comrade. He is enthusiastic, decent, active in work, and has good relations with the masses. But his artistic temperament is too heavy. He is indecisive, lack of courage, and his management can not keep up with the development of the situation. Chairman Yuan made a quick decision to replace him with Zheng Yi, which was right. Though this general manager is young, he is very bold, with a quality of managing talents. His proud work after taking office was the reform of the wage system, which abolished the basic salary and completely implemented the post wage, expanding the difference and better mobilizing the enthusiasm of cadres and workers. Some people had different views on this reform, but Chairman Yuan supported it and said why not have a try."<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来，只听俞奇说： <br />
<br />
At this time Zheng Yi made a phone call from the inner room, only to hear Yu Qi say,<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的，你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释，“郑奕认为明华轮的经验不成熟，不接待记者采访，你要写袁董，等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来。 <br />
<br />
"He is here to write about Yuan Dong. You can talk with him." Then he explained to me, "Zheng Yi thinks that the experience of Minghua Ship is not mature, so he does not accept journalists to interview. But you want to write about Yuan Dong, he will talk with you later." Then we talked about Yuan Geng again.<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题，比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮，并且急于开张呢？他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂，规模都不大，没有太大的发展，如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地，发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点，必须能留住石油公司的人员，而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南海酒家建成之前，明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮，开业了，管理上不去他也着急。” <br />
<br />
"When Chairman Yuan considers problems, he stands higher than us. Why did he insist on buying Minghua Ship, and was eager to open it? He considered it from the perspective of the south sea's oil. The existing factories in the industrial zone are not large in scale and do not have much development. If we can strive to become the logistical base of the south sea's oil, it will have a promising future. To do this, we have to be able to retain the personnel of the oil company, and a few hotels and restaurants before were far from enough. Before the South Sea Restaurant is built, Minghua Ship can play a great role. So Chairman Yuan attaches great importance to the Minghua Ship. After its opening, he is also anxious when the management is not good."<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象，是坦率，不是傲慢。 <br />
<br />
Zheng Yi finally opened the door and invited me in. At this time the impression he gave me was frank, not arrogant.<br />
<br />
“这是一个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说，“但是我不是一个合格的经理，我随时准备下台。我干不好会下台，干好了，也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现在人们能够容忍我，但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。” <br />
<br />
"It's an attractive position." He said with a smile, "But I'm not a qualified manager, and I'm ready to step down at any time. I will step down if I don't do a good job, and if I do a good job, I will also step down by the necessity of some kind of struggle. Maybe people can tolerate me now, but I don't know how far they will tolerate me."<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
I began to have a good impression of him. After all, he was only 24 years old, the same age as my oldest son, so it was not surprising that he had some shortcomings.<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下，但由于我们的体制关系，根本做不到。现在我们就是要真正做到这一点，这就是改革。上和下，有时可能处理得不够恰当，下去的也必然会有痛苦，但是这种改革的方向是对的，必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个从香港请来的房务部总经理，他每月工资6000元港币，工作上没犯任何错误，但是我把他辞退了，唯一的原因是他不会笑！他整天板着面孔，阴阳怪气的，干别的可能无关紧要，在总台这个位子就不行，客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他，他没有任何意见，说走就走，通过他的朋友问他，也说没意见。在他看来，这很简单，我不能使总经理满意，我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志，可不得了，会同你纠缠不清。隔一个罗湖桥，观念就有这么大的差别。” <br />
<br />
"We used to say that cadres are able to take a lower as well as a higher post, but because of our system, we simply couldn't do it. Now we are going to really do that, and that is the reform. Lower and higher, sometimes it may not be handled properly, and those who go down will inevitably be painful. But this reform is in the right direction and must be adhered to. I recently sacked a general manager of the housing department who was hired from Hong Kong. He was paid HK$6,000 a month and didn't make any mistakes in his work. But I sacked him for the sole reason that he couldn't smile! He kept a straight face all day long and looked unfriendly. It probably doesn't matter in other positions, except at the front desk, because the guests will think you're being rude to him. I dismissed him, and he did not have any problem, leaving without delay. When I asked him through his friends, he also had no problem. In his opinion, it was very simple. If he could not make the general manager satisfied, he should go. This was how people in Hong Kong think. If it was our comrade, he would have many opinions. Just a Luohu Bridge away, there is such a big difference in ideas."<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感，简直有点欣赏了。 <br />
<br />
I not only had a good impression of him, but simply a little appreciation.<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理，希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国，既严格又有人情味的管理制度，搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败，失败了会得到教训，这也是一笔财富。当然，我有许多缺点，正如袁庚也有缺点，这可能是造成失败的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败，失败了影响可太大了。” <br />
<br />
"I want to exercise strict management, hoping to establish a set of management systems, which is different from Japan and the United States, and is strict and impersonal. I want to rule them by law instead of man. I am experimenting. The experiment may fail, and we will learn from the failure, which is also a fortune. Of course, I have many shortcomings, just as Yuan Geng also has shortcomings, which may be the cause of the failure. Yuan Geng's shortcomings could have been disastrous for Shekou. We do our best to avoid failure, which would have a great impact."<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏，简直有点佩服了。 <br />
<br />
I didn't just appreciate him, and I simply admired him a bit.<br />
<br />
“对一些事情，我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华苑酒家，是袁庚的主意，我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我，不要害怕资本家赚钱，这当然是对的，但是港商的重点在华苑酒家，我们这里只能是陪衬，华苑吃肉这里啃骨头，是不可能搞好的。” <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng and I also have different views on some things. For example, it was Yuan Geng's idea to contract our Chinese restaurant to Huayuan Restaurant invested by Hong Kong businessmen, and I still have a different view. He called me to tell me not to be afraid of capitalists making money, which is of course right, but the focus of Hong Kong businessmen is Huayuan Restaurant, we can only serve as a foil. It is impossible to do well that Huayuan eats meat while people gnaw bones here."<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人，对这种不同意见不一定会接受，却不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。 <br />
<br />
He was really sharp-minded. Yuan Geng didn't like yesmen. He would not necessarily accept this different opinion, but would not care about it. Zheng Yi was lucky.<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了，我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一个特色，一个服务，抓好这两条，我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地，在上海、广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。” <br />
<br />
"Some people say that once the South Sea Restaurant opens, Minghua Ship will be done for. I do not think so. It can not replace the Minghua Ship. One is characteristic, and the other is service. If we do well in these two, we will have a great future. I also want to take it to the mainland, setting up it in Shanghai, Guangzhou and other cities. Tourism can not be limited to one place."<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说：是一个经理人才！ <br />
<br />
I said to myself: he was an inborn manager!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候，我说找一天去他家里拜访，他表示欢迎。 <br />
<br />
When I left, I said I would visit him at home one day, and he welcomed me.<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法，便访问了工业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。 <br />
<br />
I also wanted to know what the Organization Department thought of him, so I visited Yu Dehai, a member of the Party Committee of the industrial zone, deputy secretary of the Disciplinary Inspection Committee and director of the Division of Organizing Cadres, and Yuan Fuxing, who was in charge of cadre allocation.<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性，我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海，原是个工程师，担任工业区最早开工的中宏制氧厂厂长数年，治厂有方，以致香港资本家撤回了全部港方人员，把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委，管干部。我至今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好，大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法，他认为两人各有所长，郑奕更有魄カ，王潮梁群众关系好，在管理比较混乱的情况下，换上郑奕是对的，组干处是同意的，党委会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀，对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个工人，虞德海颇不以为然：“我对郑奕说，我在制氧厂几年，没开除一个工人，工厂照样管得很好。” <br />
<br />
I had no doubt about the party spirit of these two comrades. The 39-year-old Yu Dehai, a former engineer, had been the director of the Zhonghong Oxygen Factory, the first factory constructed in the industrial zone, for several years, and ruled the factory so well that the Hong Kong capitalists withdrew all the personnel from Hong Kong and gave him enormous power of the factory. "I never dreamed of letting me into the party committee and manage the cadres. I have not even entered the door of Yuan Geng's house so far. If I can't do it well, I can go back to being an engineer at the worst." I believed the sincerity of his confession. Talking about the views on Zheng Yi and Wang Chaoliang, he believed that the two had their own strengths. Zheng Yi had more courage, and Wang Chaoliang had good relations with the masses. Under the conditions of confusion in management, replacing him with Zheng Yi was right, the Division of Organizing Cadres agreed it, and the party committee also unanimously approved. But Wang Chaoliang's contributions could not be wiped out, he was still important. Yu Dehai didn't approve that Zheng Yi dismissed a few workers: "I said to Zheng Yi that when I worked in the oxygen factory for several years, I didn't dismiss a single worker, and the factory was still managed very well."<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了，由于坚持体育锻炼，加上生就一张娃娃脸，看上去像二十几岁的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业，在兰州大学教过几年书。1980年，一些学生竞选人民代表，说过一些过头话，后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生，他在系里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候一些政工干部跃跃欲试，以为五七年又来了，又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生，他们都是平时最用功读书的，有的还是三好学生。他们读书多，接触外国资料多，忧国忧民，为我们国家着急，难免说一些过头话，但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好！难怪他来蛇口以后，一直让他做干部工作。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Fuxing was 36 years old, and because he insisted on physical exercise and had a baby face, he looked like a young man in his twenties. He graduated from Zhejiang University with a degree in computer science and taught at Lanzhou University for a few years. In 1980, some students ran for people's representatives and made some offensive remarks. Later, he was the first to stand up and speak for the students in the department when they suffered injustice in graduation assignment. "At that time, some political cadres primed for action, thinking that 1957 was coming again and they were going to arrest the rightists again. I knew those students best. They were the most diligent students, and some of them were also the three-good students. They read a lot, had more access to foreign materials, worried about the country and the people, and were anxious for our country, so it was inevitable to say some offensive remarks, but I could guarantee that none of them aimed to be anti-party and anti-socialist." Well said! No wonder he had been allowed to do cadre work since he came to Shekou.<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时，首先征求了袁复兴的意见。 <br />
<br />
When Yuan Geng considered replacing Wang Chaoliang with Zheng Yi, he first asked for Yuan Fuxing's opinion.<br />
<br />
“从为人的角度讲，郑不管三七二十一，不讲情面；王讲情面，现在船员还说他好。但是我们要靠法治，不能讲个人感情。王用人不当，班子不团结，有的他重用的人在背后拆他的台，该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部，当过地区的剧团团长和电影公司经理，很有能力，和王的关系也不错，却卖了3个月的电子游戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理，却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志，他同情王潮梁，不愿留在明华轮，调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他才42岁，据说郑奕说他年龄大了，不想用他，没有把他留住，真是可惜。 <br />
<br />
"From the perspective of being a person, Zheng, in spite of anything, hasn't no consideration for others' feelings; Wang cares about them, and now the crew still say he is good. But we have to rely on the rule of law, not personal feelings. Wang appointed inadequate people, and the team was not united. Some people who he valued cut the ground from under his feet behind his back, and he didn't use the people who should be used. For example, a cadres transferred from Huiyang, who had been the head of a regional theater and the manager of a film company, very capable and had a good relationship with Wang, but he sold video game machine's chips for three months. Wang wanted to ask him to be the manager of the entertainment department, but hesitated to make up his mind." I knew this comrade. He sympathized with Wang Chaoliang and did not want to stay in Minghua Ship, so he was transferred to Shenzhen Television as the head of the Personnel Section. He was only 42 years old. But it was said that Zheng Yi said he was old and did not want to use him. It was a pity to let him go.<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派，办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成，还要分配合适的工作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣，副总经理人选我们正在考虑，王也是考虑的对象之一。 <br />
<br />
"But Wang Chaoliang is warm, decent, and has many ideas. If the Second Civil Aviation can't be done, we still have to allocate him a right job. The general manager of South Sea Restaurant is dispatched by the management in Hong Kong, and we are considering the people for the vice general manager. Wang is also one of the objects of consideration.<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗，现在实践证明他工作开展起来了，7月份收支平衡了，能否成长起来，有待他自己总结经验教训。不怕犯错误，老干部也犯过错误。 <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng is far-sighted to train Zheng Yi. We were worried about Zheng too at first, and now the practice has proven. His work is carried out, and income and expenses are in balance in July. Whether he can grow up, he needs to learn from his own experiences. Don't be afraid to make mistakes. The old cadres have also made mistakes.<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上，教练说4号下7号上，他并不是认为4号不行，可能是要试试7号投篮准不准，弹跳カ好不好……” <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng stresses that sometimes we need to use cadres as a team coach. On the court, when the coach said 4 off and 7 on, he does not think 4 is not good, and maybe he wants to try if 7 can shoot well or not and has a good leaping ability or not..."<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在一次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部能上能下，变成正常的。今天你干这个经理，明天你下来让别人上去，是正常的，但是我们许多人把这看作不正常，把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。” <br />
<br />
That was an interesting analogy. I remembered that Yuan Geng also talked about this point in a speech. "We have to make it normal that cadres are able to take a lower as well as a higher post. Today you work as the manager, and tomorrow you come down to let others go up, which is normal. But many of us see this as abnormal. Turning something abnormal into normal is reform."<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想，觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像，两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说，袁庚不也是一个教练吗？这个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事，说明了袁庚对郑奕的严格。 <br />
<br />
I suddenly had a strange association, thinking Yuan Geng and women's volleyball coach Yuan Weimin looked a bit similar. The two faces were superimposed in my brain. In a sense, wasn't Yuan Geng also a coach? This coach was strict with his players. One thing that both Yu Dehai and Yuan Fuxing told me illustrated how strict Yuan Geng was with Zheng Yi.<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计，郑奕和他谈了一次话，认为他是个管理人才，就决定叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意，认为工业区正需要财会人员，便推荐另一个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通，跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。袁庚说：“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问：“你们到底相不相信我？”袁庚严肃地说：“既相信你，又不相信你。相信你，所以叫你当总经理；不相信你，就是不知道你能不能当好，所以要继续考核你，天天看你的报表，看你营业的情况，看你在群众中的威信如何。” <br />
<br />
There was an accountant from Shanghai. Zheng Yi talked with him once and thought he was a management talent, so he decided to ask him to be the manager of the Minghua Ship‘s shopping mall. But the Division of Organizing Cadres did not agree, who thought that the industrial zone was in need of accounting personnel, and then recommended another comrade from the training course for business management cadres. Zheng Yi didn't understand and ran to the management committee to find Yuan Geng and Yu Dehai. Yuan Geng said, "In the cadre issue, you have to listen to the Division of Organizing Cadres." Zheng Yi asked, "Do you believe me or not?" Yuan Geng said seriously, "Believe in you and do not believe in you. We believe you, so ask you to be the general manager; we do not believe you, because we do not know whether you can do it well, so we have to continue to test you, viewing your reports every day, seeing your business conditions, and seeing how about your prestige in the masses."<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了，接受了组干处推荐的那个同志，实践证明，他干得很好。郑奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说：“道什么歉呢？这是正常的工作。” <br />
<br />
Later Zheng Yi understood, accepting the comrade recommended by the Division of Organizing Cadres. The practice proved that he did a good job. Zheng Yi then went to apologize to Yu Dehai. Yu Dehai said, “You don't need to apologize. This is normal work."<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上，袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指名），并且上升到理论的高度说：”我们的干部，没有绝对的责任，也就没有绝对的权カ。道理很简单，资本家的企业，他负有绝对的责任，也拥有全部的权カ。因为财产是他的，因此他有全部的责任，这个企业破产了，他全家上吊自杀。但是我们的企业是国家的财产，是全民所有制的财产，当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候，不应该给个人绝对的权カ，用人必须通过人事部门，因为党的组织部门对整个干部队伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的，怎样才能发挥干部的积极性，使他们有权、有责、有利，这个问题还没有完全解决。” <br />
<br />
In the Economic Seminar of Part Coastal Open Cities, Yuan Geng mentioned this matter again in his speech (of course not named), and rose it to theoretical level that, "Our cadres don't have absolute responsibility, so they don't have absolute power. The reason is simple. The capitalist has absolute responsibility, and has all the power in his enterprise. Because the property belongs to him, therefore he has full responsibility. When this enterprise goes bankrupt, his whole family hang themselves. But our enterprise is the property of the state, the property of the ownership by the whole people. When the rights, responsibilities and benefits are not yet very clear, we should not give the individuals absolute power, and the employment must be approved by the personnel department, because the party's organization department has to understand the situation of the whole cadre team. This controversy is happened recently, and the question of how to give full play to the initiative of cadres and give them rights, responsibilitities and benefits, has not been fully resolved."<br />
<br />
一个星期六的晚上，我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚才搬来的，客厅里什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座，显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介绍说：“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星电子工程公司经理陈钢，26岁；矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏，25岁，都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起”教练”的比喻，下意识地把他们比作了运动员，心里为他们祝福：但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌！ <br />
<br />
One Saturday evening, I paid a rash visit to Zheng Yi's new house. He moved in recently when he got married, and there was nothing furnished in the living room. Two young people I hadn't seen before were there, and it was obvious that I came at an awkward time. Zheng Yi smiled and said, "They are both managers. We can start a manager's club." The tall man was Chen Gang, 26 years old, the manager of the newly established Silver Star Electronic Engineering Company; the short man was Zhu Jiajun, 25 years old, who took Zheng Yi's shift as the manager of Shanghai Restaurant. They were both university graduates marjoying in automatic control. I thought of the analogy of "coach", subconsciously compared them to athletes, and blessed them in my heart: Hope you win the gold medal in the arena of economic construction!<br />
<br />
他们有事，郑奕答应下星期一晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。 <br />
<br />
They had things to do, and Zheng Yi promised to come to my room at 7:30 p.m. next Monday.<br />
<br />
星期一晚上7点10分，郑奕匆匆赶来：“真对不起，今晚有事，咱们改天再谈吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去，见他钻进一辆米黄色工具车，一开动就飞驰而去，这人开车也有性格。我知道，”开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论的话题之一，也许一个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来越多的。 <br />
<br />
At 7:10 p.m. on Monday night, Zheng Yi hurriedly came, "I'm really sorry. I have things to do tonight. Let's talk about it another day." Then he hurried away. I stood in the corridor and looked down, seeing him get into a beige tool car, which sped away as soon as it started. He also had characer when he was driving. I knew that "driving around in a car" was one of the topics people talked about. Perhaps only the manager who was not able to drive a car could really keep his nose clean. But the managers who could drive would definitely be more and more.<br />
<br />
第二天晚上，郑奕冒着雨来了。 <br />
<br />
The next night, Zheng Yi came though the rain.<br />
<br />
“昨天失约，是因为要和娱乐部几十个职工到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另一些人去的，因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我，要和他们建立感情，让他们从心里爱这个企业，怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说，干这些事是不会有人说的。” <br />
<br />
"I broke the appointment yesterday because I had to have a barbecue at Xiangmi Lake with dozens of workers from the entertainment department. Tonight I had planned to go with some other people, but it was rescheduled because of the rain. I can't let workers always afraid of me, and should build relationships with them, to let them love this enterprise from the heart, and worry about being fired from here. People say I fire workers, but don't say I do these things."<br />
<br />
我说：“要让工人有主人翁感，既尊敬你，又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。 <br />
<br />
I said, "You have to make the workers have a sense of ownership. They not only respect you, but feel equal to you in personality." He agreed. Then the conversation turned to the business management.<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了，我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下，不问就不予理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务，其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发展问题。我正在和香港一个财团谈判，引进大量资金搞一个大型海上游乐场，请你暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目，那真是非常可观的，如能谈成，明华轮一带海面将成为真正的“海上世界”。“上海设点的谈判已经成功了，过几天我就到上海去签订合同，广州也要搞，许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……” <br />
<br />
"There's so much talk about me, which I don't have time to think. If I am asked about some things, I will explain and if I am not asked, I will ignore them. Now I deal with routine matters from 8 to 9 a.m. after starting a day's work, and spend the remaining seven hours thinking about the development in the next few years. I am negotiating with a consortium in Hong Kong to bring in a large amount of money to build a large sea amusement park, please keep it a secret for the moment." He said a number of investment, what was very considerable. If the deal was done, the sea area around the Minghua ship would become a real "sea world". "The negotiation on setting up business in Shanghai has been successful. I will go to Shanghai in a few days to sign the contract, and Guangzhou will also be engaged, and many cities will be engaged. There is no point in running just one ship..."<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝，我听得津津有味。我联想到一些人，觉得他属于优点和缺点都比较突出的那一类人物。在这里，这种人受到重用，得到帮助，能够开创新的局面；在另一些地方，他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。 <br />
<br />
He talked endlessly, and I listened with relish. I associated him with some people, thinking he was one of those people whose strengths and weaknesses were both prominent. This kind of people were valued here, got help and could create new situations here; in other places, their situation was not so wonderful. I increasingly felt that Yuan Geng was precious.<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾 <br />
<br />
XVII. Boiling Blood<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月，和袁庚交谈了不到一个小时，他的儿女则始终未能交谈，因此对他的家庭生活了解太少，未免遗憾。 <br />
<br />
After a month in Shekou, I talked to Yuan Geng for less than an hour, and I could not talk with his children, so I knew little about his family life. It was a little pity.<br />
<br />
有一个年轻人对我说：“袁中印谈过许多情况，袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下，他说，“你找袁中印谈吧，我这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了，我不能老在这儿等他。 <br />
<br />
A young man said to me, "Yuan Zhongyin has talked a lot information, and Yuan Geng's family life is very interesting." I asked him to introduce it, and he said, "You can talk to Yuan Zhongyin, and what I have is the second-hand material." But Yuan Zhongyin was away in business, and I couldn't keep waiting for him here.<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女，我猜想就是袁庚的弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命，一个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸死，这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我，可惜我不会讲客家话，只好笑而告退。 <br />
<br />
I once knocked on the door of Yuan Zhongyin's house. The person who opened the door was a Hakka woman in her 60s, who I guessed was Yuan Geng's sister-in-law. Yuan Geng brought two brothers out to participate in the revolution. A younger brother was killed by a Japanese aircraft during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and this sister-in-law had been living in Yuan's house. The old man greeted me warmly, but unfortunately, I could not speak Hakka, so I had to leave with a smile.<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人，在我结束这篇文章的时候，必须记上一笔。 <br />
<br />
The young man mentioned above must be written about when I was going to end this article.<br />
<br />
他叫周为民，清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢，打倒“四人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因，他成了个有争议的人物。来到蛇口后，当了半年宣传处处长，又当了半年通信公司的架线工人，最近几个月才当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他，是要冒一点风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇，曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备，终于还是留下来了。 <br />
<br />
His name was Zhou Weimin, graduated from Tsinghua University. He served half a year in prison in 1976 for participating in the "April 5th Movement" and was the deputy secretary of the Youth League Committee of Tsinghua University after the "Gang of Four” was defeated. For some historical reasons, he became a controversial figure. After coming to Shekou, he worked as the director of the Publicity Division for half a year, and as a linesman in a communication company for another half a year, and became the deputy manager of a real estate company in recent months. The experience itself was quite intriguing. Yuan Geng had to take a little risk to use him. He and his wife, Yu Qi, had been prepared themselves mentally for leaving Shekou, but finally stayed.<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话，青年人爱听。但是，有些话重复多次，有的青年人就不耐烦了，议论说：“袁董是不是老化了，变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映，以及其他对袁庚的缺点的议论，收集起来，写信告诉袁庚。几天后，袁庚紧紧握着他的手说：“谢谢你！很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。” <br />
<br />
Young people loved to listen to Yuan Geng. However, if some words were repeated many times, some young people would be impatient, and said: "Is Chairman Yuan getting old? He becomes nagging." Zhou Weimin collected these reflections, as well as other comments on Yuan Geng's shortcomings, and wrote to tell Yuan Geng. A few days later, Yuan Geng pressed his hands and said, "Thank you! It's been a long time since anyone reflected these opinions to me. You should remind me more often in the future."<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候，袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况，满怀深情地说： <br />
<br />
When Comrade Hu Yaobang visited Shekou last year, Yuan Geng specially introduced several young cadres, including Gu Liji, Zhao Yong and Zhou Weimin, to the general secretary. Comrade Yaobang asked them about their ages and other conditions and fondly said,<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》，上面有两句话，长江后浪推前浪，英雄出自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。” <br />
<br />
"A few days ago, there was a TV program called 'A Chart for the Number One Scholars', on which there were two sentences. The new overthrow the old, and the heroes come from the young men. Probably you are the young men."<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊！ <br />
<br />
How many accomplished young men have gathered in Shekou!<br />
<br />
短短一个月的耳闻目睹，给了我一个强烈的印象：在这里，热血男儿不只是一个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言，我觉得，不论年长的还是年轻的，男的还是女的，被赞美的还是有争议的，他们都有一个共同特点——热爱蛇口，渴望改革。尽管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同，他们的心都是热的，血都是热的。这里真是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下！ <br />
<br />
A short month of hearing and witnessing gave me a strong impression that Yuan Geng was not the only hot-blooded man here. Just for the comrades I visited, I felt that whether they were old or young, male or female, praised or controversial, they all had one common characteristic--they loved Shekou and were eager for reform. Although their views on some specific people and things may be different, their hearts were hot and their blood was hot. This is truly a world of hot-blooded men (including daughters, of course)!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话，那么年方5岁的蛇口，这个朝气蓬勃的海港小城，正是一个前程不可限量的热血男儿！ <br />
<br />
If the city can be compared to a person, then the 5-year-old Shekou, a vibrant small harbor town, is exactly a hot-blooded man with a limitless future!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线，蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海岸到内地，从乡村到城市，改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中，更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾，要为真理而斗争！ <br />
<br />
The harbor of Shekou is connected to the long coastline of the motherland, and the main road of Shekou is connected to the vast land of the motherland. From the coast to the mainland, from the countryside to the city, the wave of reform is advancing with unstoppable momentum. In this wave, how many hot-blooded men are fighting bravely! The hot blood all over the body has been boiling, and they are fighting for the truth!<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！ <br />
<br />
The truth is to reform! Reform is the truth!<br />
<br />
（原载《花城》1984年第6期） <br />
<br />
(Originally published in ''Flower City'', Issue 6, 1984)</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=155829Report CN EN 032023-06-13T14:44:39Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：10.热血男儿Hot-blooded Man */</p>
<hr />
<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情Obsession==<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with Long Hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies were always covered; whereas in the West, people loved nudity, which seemed to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个ー丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there was a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush and painting a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting was not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, had you ever thought that some of us would cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us would stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, would come like snowflakes. You might even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Were you fearless, or seized by a whim? You were out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he was painting.<br />
<br />
他站在一间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着一支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着ー张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stood in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looked disheveled, and his bosom was stained with different colors. His hair was long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there was a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exactly did you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound Train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it was today. The platforms were clean, the corridors were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the regions south of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North…<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像一块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, and cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man--that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes…"<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me…"<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows — the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"On a business trip? Or visit family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student at Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone…"<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What…"<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break…"<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man!"<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. The resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
"So I don't understand art…"<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多少欢聚与悲离的 故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉一线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小伙子,而是一个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
During the long journey, as the young people of the same generation, it was the fate to meet each other in this running train! In life, many stories of reunion and departure were drawn by the heavy line across the land! The girl was close to the small table by the window, resting her chin in the hand, listening to the young man talk, and watching his expression. It seemed that he was not a young guy, but a strong and confident man. Calculating his age, he was even a few years older than the girl. Why did he give that illusion before? Alas, the age of men was really hard to guess...<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为一个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是一个有抱负、有才华的人!”<br />
<br />
Out of the female’s sensitivity, the girl suddenly felt shy and embarrassed. The condescending arrogance that she had just showed was now reversed and replaced by her hazy admiration. The girl looked at the painter's dress again, and the non-matching colors of black and red were not so conspicuous. Although the painter's cotton jacket was still so black, the collar of the underwear was still so crooked, and the hair was still so disheveled, in the eyes of the girl, they all became the evidence that the young man was a bachelor who was immersed in art and had no time to take care of himself, which touched the girl's heart of compassion: "It seems that he is an ambitious and talented man!"<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
The painter took out his drawing board, spread the paper and said to the girl, "Please allow me to make a sketch of you."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
The girl nodded her head.<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简直像一个拙笨的新手。好半天,才抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
The painter drew very slowly, feeling ill at ease. The more he tried to draw well, the more nervous he became, and the brush was out of control. He was like a clumsy novice. After a long time, he apologized and said, "Sorry, I didn’t draw well…"<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来一看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会”了画家的灵犀。<br />
<br />
When the girl took it and looked, two red clouds rose on her cheeks. This sketch was not as good as the one of the mechanic, and those rigid lines were flaws of the work. To say it bluntly, she looked uglier in the painting than she really was. Is that what I look like? The girl had a reason to make a protest. However, she understood and forgave the painter with a sweet smile. Honestly, she didn't even want to see him too calm, too relaxed, like facing the model in the studio. The girl no longer regarded "resemblance in appearance" as so important, and she “understood tacitly” the painter's spirit.<br />
<br />
画纸的一角是签名和年月——袁运生,画于1964年2月。<br />
<br />
In one corner of the paper were the signature and date--Yuan Yunsheng, painted in February 1964.<br />
<br />
画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "Give it to you."<br />
<br />
姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
<br />
The girl said, "Thank you, I’ll keep it as a memory."<br />
<br />
“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信地址?”<br />
<br />
"You see, I was so careless that I forgot to ask your name." The painter said, "Could you write down your mailing address?"<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
<br />
The girl smiled: "My name is Zhang Lanying." And she wrote down the address on the painter's sketchbook.<br />
<br />
火车抵达浦口,他们已经像一对熟识的老朋友了。从一个艺术型的医学院学生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
<br />
When the train arrived in Pukou, they already looked like two old friends. Many common temperaments could be found between an artistic medical student and a serious artist. The passengers on the same train thought they had known each other for a long time and treated them as a couple, saying goodbye to them with the appellation of “you two”.<br />
<br />
画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空一样清澈,像江水一样深沉……<br />
<br />
The painter sent the girl to the shore of the Yangtze River, a wet wind blowing from the river. It was time to part, and both of them were reluctant to leave. Lanying looked at Yuan Yunsheng with the warm and fond gaze, and that means everything! As clear as the sky, as deep as the river…<br />
<br />
呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江交织起来的一见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
Heh! Pretty girl, you were too sentimental. Did you know him? The story of love at first sight, woven by the main Beijing-Pukou line and the winding Yangtze River, was too indiscreet.<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
<br />
The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River <br />
<br />
在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,一只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认真地涂抹着油彩,画出一个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
<br />
In the days of glorious morning light of the 1950s, a young boy's delicate hand, holding a paintbrush, was earnestly spreading the paint on the linen to draw a little girl with the same earnest expression, who was imitating her sister's movement, tying a bright red scarf around her neck.<br />
<br />
这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐一样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
<br />
This oil painting was sent from Nantong in Jiangsu Province to Beijing as an assignment for applying for the highest academy of arts, presenting the young painter’s sparkling artistic talent and a crystal-clear heart. The title was "Growing up to be like my sister", painted by Yuan Yunsheng.<br />
<br />
看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年除夕送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出一批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的艺术功底。<br />
<br />
When looking at this oil painting, people might think that the painter had a soft and gentle femininity. In fact, he was just the opposite. He was stubborn and unrestrained, like a boisterous colt. His love of painting since childhood was mainly influenced by his father. His father worked in a middle school in Nantong. In his spare time, he enthusiastically collected various fine art works. Every year on the New Year’s Eve, they would bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new, and his father would always hang a number of new paintings on the wall, including Chinese and foreign ones, like a small exhibition, full of the atmosphere of the art salon. The paintings collected at home gave Yuan Yunsheng some enlightenment in art. When he got a little bit older, he went to the Cultural Center in Nantong to participate in activities, attend lectures, learn to sketch, and paint, laying the first foundation of art.<br />
<br />
当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来一副犟脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
<br />
When he applied to the Central Academy of Fine Arts, his father said with worry: "The boy was born with stubbornness, which makes us uneasy."<br />
<br />
哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,一个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人 需要有个性。”<br />
<br />
His brother Yuan Yunfu, who was also involved in fine art, kept cheering him on: "Go ahead. people involved in fine art needs to have a personality."<br />
<br />
1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
<br />
In the summer of 1955, the Central Academy of Fine Arts announced the admission of new students, Yuan Yunsheng ranking the first.<br />
<br />
如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画派。这是19世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画就像一部小说或一出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝圣者像请佛一样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
<br />
If Yuan Yunsheng's work for the entrance examination could be classified as a certain school of art, it would be the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions. It was a progressive school of painting that emerged in Russia in the 19th century. It simulated life, emphasized themes, and focused on plot. A painting was like a novel or a play. It inherited Rembrandt’s tradition of realism and absorbed the Impressionism’s achievements in the use of light and color. After the October Revolution, it enjoyed the supreme position in the Soviet art circle and was invited to China by Chinese pilgrims, like inviting the Buddha. Of course, Yuan Yunsheng, only 17 years old, did not know the essence of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, let alone that the school of art was linked to the school of politics.<br />
<br />
他像奔跑在艺术山野 里的小鹿,一头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
<br />
Like a fawn running in the wilderness of art, he bumped into the arms of Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions.<br />
<br />
袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身 好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件 和艺术才能的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖力气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严格的训练——<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng was highly regarded by the academy. He was born in a good family (it was rare to have such a family background at that time) and excelled in the examination. He sat in the first-year classroom with a nimbus of political condition and artistic talent hanging over his head. He was elected as the commissary of Communist Youth League in charge of organization, who was totally the epitome of a socialist-minded and professionally competent man. He was also a real hard worker, and was very stubborn, taking everything seriously. Under the guidance of Soviet-style teaching methods, he received strict training--<br />
<br />
挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与被画者保持绝对的耐性 。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面 ”,画上一整天,只画了半个头像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履的中年人走过来,这是礼聘 来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供同学们观摩。<br />
<br />
Choosing a HB pencil, and sharpening it, and sketching in front of male and female models. The models were recruited at a very high price, both nude and non-nude. Under certain lights, the painter and the object stayed absolutely patient. He sketched out the outline at first, figured out the “light and plane”, and then drew all day long, only to have half picture of the head; the next day, the same scene was repeated under the same conditions; then, a middle-aged man with a high nose and deep eyes, dressed in a suit, came over, who was an expert invited cordially. Whenever he passed behind Yuan Yunsheng, his face often showed a look of satisfaction. Yuan Yunsheng got five points for all his sketches and oil paintings, which were sometimes hung in the classroom or in the corridor for students to watch.<br />
<br />
这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉柯夫教学体系。-袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀——苏联在中国土地上开办的艺术工厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
<br />
That year, a sketch and oil painting teaching conference of national fine art academies was held in Beijing to promote the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union. A half-length portrait of a Chinese woman painted by Yuan Yunsheng was shown off on the conference--a standard mode produced by the art factory of the Soviet Union in China.<br />
<br />
苏联专家的宠儿 ,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
<br />
He was the favorite of the Soviet experts, and the pride of the Oil Painting Department. He had a lot of success and a bright future. He immersed himself in the painting all day long, with his hand keeping waving, like a devout disciple prostrating himself before his art idol, and praying that his soul would ascend to the temple of art, seating on a throne surrounded by roses with a crown of pearls… It was the highest ideal for college students majoring in oil painting at that time.<br />
<br />
但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
<br />
But the naive faith was not solid, like an edifice built on a thin and narrow foundation, which could easily collapse. Once it was subverted, it could cause endless troubles.<br />
<br />
苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便朝那里走去。他停在一帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来一阵电灼般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
<br />
Distress had come to him, and he brought it upon himself. One morning, he heard that there was an exhibition of paintings being held in the hall, and went there. He stopped in front of a sequence of copies of the oil paintings, casting a calm glance upon it, and his whole body felt an electric sensation. His heart was shaking, and his blood was boiling.<br />
<br />
这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风 的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的感情,像酒一样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
<br />
These were the works of the European Post-Impressionist painter Van Gogh, with ordinary and simple images: fields, haystacks, a clock reflected by the setting sun, and sunflowers in clay pots. In addition, there were some portraits of ordinary people: postmen, miners, movers, and inmates who were released for yard time. In these unpretentious pictures, the author poured out the strongest feelings, as strong as wine, like a flame burning!<br />
<br />
看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格 。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生——向日葵,仿佛摇身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探求……这哪里是绘画呀 ,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每一线条和每一色块都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
<br />
Look, the jagged trees were rebellious. The undulating earth seemed to tell of suffering. <br />
The painter poured deep feelings into those ordinary people. The still-life painting --sunflowers, seemed to turn into a living thing, stretching out its jumble of tentacles to the frozen space, capturing, swaying, and indefatigably seeking… It was not a painting, but a call of the painter's life, a representation of his character! Every line and every color block were flowing, coming through invisible channels to clamp people, annihilate them to a great vortex of emotion…<br />
<br />
袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被一支锐利的艺术之箭射穿了。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng walked out of the hall, with his legs wobbling, as if he was drunk, was hurt. His heart was pierced by a sharp arrow of art.<br />
<br />
他回到宿舍,一头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高才生转瞬间变成西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
<br />
He went back to the dormitory and threw himself onto the bed. It was ironic that a top student of the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union became a captive of the Western European Post-Impressionism in an instant.<br />
<br />
宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地问 :“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
<br />
When the door of the dormitory opened, his roommate came in. Seeing him pale and tired, he asked in surprise, "Yunsheng, what happened to you?"<br />
<br />
“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
<br />
"I went to see an exhibition of Van Gogh's paintings." Yuan Yunsheng sat up in bed and said, "I've never been so excited by the works of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions..."<br />
<br />
他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的基础。有这个就够了。下一步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚 。<br />
<br />
He expressed his thoughts. In his opinion, the merit of Soviet painting theory lied in the emphasis on placing the object under certain light, observing the levels and hues with a subtle look, and tracing it carefully, which was the basis of all paintings. It was enough. The next step was to break free and move forward, not to limit themselves.<br />
<br />
他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧上了天 ,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在干着什么蠢事呀? ……<br />
<br />
He was right. Throughout the history of art, each school had its own process of formation, development, vicissitudes, and ups and downs. The Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions deserved its place in the art circle without dispute. But once it was praised to the skies, and promoted by administrative means, it would be counterproductive and bring suffocating disaster to the art. In fact, in the 1950s, painters all over the world, including Soviet painters, were running, exploring and innovating. And how stupid we were! ...<br />
<br />
袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头 ,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng said excitedly: "We follow behind them and pick up what they have thrown away!"<br />
<br />
好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,一个几亿人的社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎 。<br />
<br />
His good friends were familiar with his character and sympathized with his comments, but they worried about him. At that time, a society of hundreds of millions of people prostrated itself before Soviet idols, and his words were tantamount to a form of blasphemy.<br />
<br />
从那以后,他变得不大安分了, 一头温驯的伏尔加式的 小鹿,现出烈性马驹的本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标。<br />
<br />
From then on, he became rebel. A tame fawn, like the one on the Volga car, showed the true colors of a boisterous colt. In addition to completing the homework as usual, he improvised with mixed painting techniques, as if he was pursuing an ethereal goal.<br />
<br />
目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
<br />
The goal, was finally found, unexpectedly close at hand.<br />
<br />
从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭一张学生证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹…… <br />
<br />
From the Shuaifuyuan where the Central Academy of Fine Arts was located, crossing the big roundabout between Wangfujing and Bamiancao, the Donghua Gate of the National Palace Museum was about a mile away. At that time, students from the Academy of Fine Arts enjoyed a special privilege. They could freely enter the imperial garden of ancient Chinese art with only a student ID card. Here he saw Chen Laolian’s “Bogu Yezi (A kind of card played while drinking in ancient China)” in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan’s “Qingming Shanghe Tu (Along the River During the Qingming Festival)” in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a large number of authentic works of famous painters of the Tang Dynasty…<br />
<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
<br />
His favorite work was the "Luo Shen Fu (The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River)" by Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.<br />
<br />
长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象力!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人,栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱翔……<br />
<br />
Long scroll, romantic conception, how imaginative! The landscape was peaceful and spacious, with quiet and wonderful rivers and mountains; the figures were lifelike, dancing in the air. Was the resemblance in appearance? Was the resemblance in spirit? Between likeness and unlikeness, that was the author's mind soaring…<br />
<br />
他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条表现出高超的魅力。<br />
<br />
He put his eyes close to the scroll. The brush strokes, appearing ageless for thousands of years, like the spring silkworms spinning fine and exquisite silk, drew freely. He thought of the Soviet oil painting theory that denied the existence of lines. But in Chinese painting, the general and terse lines showed the high charm.<br />
<br />
站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他的思绪如抛出的一缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
<br />
Standing in this ancient resplendent hall, a long flowing river of art swept passed by before his eyes, and his thoughts stretched out like a wisp of gossamer. If we compared the fashionable Western art and the ancient Oriental art to two poles, there seemed to be something between the two poles that was closely related. Oh, he understood. When we got into a mut, ignored what was near and seek what was far away, those elves and devils of abstractionism, fauvism, modernism and futurism quietly got essence and extracted nutrients from the Oriental art to strengthen their bodies. That was the secret.<br />
<br />
祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
<br />
Motherland, your art is not water, not wine, not milk, but the magical royal jelly!<br />
<br />
虎丘<br />
<br />
Huqiu<br />
<br />
兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
<br />
After parting with the painter in Pukou, Lanying returned to school in Suzhou. In the blink of an eye, it was March. With spring breeze and newly sprouted willow trees, the town of flowing water under bridges liked a young girl, who was unveiled, affectionate with a lot of charm. <br />
<br />
姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
<br />
The girl's state of mind was also bright like waking spring.<br />
<br />
她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认识一下,如果手头有照片,请寄来一张。<br />
<br />
She received the painter’s letter from Nantong. The style of writing was free and easy. In the girl’s words: "The level is quite high!" The letter recalled the unforgettable scene on the train and expressed his feelings of missing her. He also said that his parents and brothers would like to get to know the girl, and if she had photos, please sent one.<br />
<br />
兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选一张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息一样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
<br />
Lanying opened the photo album without hesitation, selected a small photo, attached a short reply, and sent it to Nantong. This small act contained an unusual meaning, just like the shortest electromagnetic microwave can transmit significant information, it clearly expressed: the girl agreed to be his girlfriend.<br />
<br />
兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
<br />
Lanying's upbringing conditioned her to making her own decisions. She was born in Shandong province and grew up in the regions south of the Yangtze River. After her parents died, she moved with the troops from childhood. Wherever she went, it was her home, and she developed the ability to live independently. Over the years, she always received the warmth from the group and her female companions, but was never constrained. Perhaps she was a bit spoiled and coaxed by others, which made her form a stubborn personality.<br />
<br />
此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,一见钟情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
<br />
At the moment, she had a novel feeling that she was happier than the people around her. Because she had a right man in her heart, who affected her emotions. She silently enjoyed the secret pleasure of the young girl in love for the first time. She even imagined that once the secret was revealed, how surprised and envious her female companions would be! In their minds, her vison was very high. She was great looking and came from a privileged background. No male classmates dared to develop a relationship with her. It was not easy to take her fancy. It was done so artfully, neither by her parents’ choice, nor by the match-maker’s recommendation. She met him on a trip, and fell in love at first sight, bringing everything lime a whirlwind, so that the girl was full of desire for a better life. It was really romantic! So, she wove the future scenarios with sweet silk, anxiously waiting for the response from Nantong. Did he receive her letter? Would the painter's parents comment her when looking at her photo? Was she too pretty, or not enough? Alas! It was really hard to guess… The girl's heart was like the weather in the south of the Yangtze River in March. The temperature and weather changed abruptly.<br />
<br />
学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
<br />
The school was preparing for the Women's Day celebration. Lanying was the commissary in charge of entertainment of the class, a major role that bore a heavy burden of responsibility. The time passed quickly as she arranged the programs, made a blackboard newspaper, and decorated the venue.<br />
<br />
“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄起话筒,一惊一喜——那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
<br />
On Woman’s Day, the curtain was opened, and everyone was watching the stage. Suddenly someone called Lanying to answer the phone. She took up the microphone, and was surprised and delighted--it was the painter calling from the school's reception office.<br />
<br />
兰英极力掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,一阵风似的跑到学校的门口。<br />
<br />
Lanying tried to hide his excitement, turned to the students, vaguely explained a few words, and ran to the school gate like a gust of wind.<br />
<br />
画家站在那里,手中照例拿着一个速写本。<br />
<br />
The painter stood there, holding a sketchbook in his hand as usual.<br />
<br />
“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
<br />
"When did you arrive?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I just got off the train. I was passing through here after the home leave." The painter said.<br />
<br />
“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
<br />
"Please come in, do you … want to draw some sketches for our celebration?"<br />
<br />
“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……” <br />
<br />
"Not going in. I'd like to invite you out for a walk…"<br />
<br />
兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意味着向人生的一个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
<br />
Lanying hesitated for a moment. She was willing to accept the request, but also felt embarrassed. Since she entered the period of youth and became mature, Lanying spent this day with her female companions every year. Today she was going to leave her group, which meant saying goodbye to a stage of life. She thought about the discipline of the school, the opinion of classmates...<br />
<br />
“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
<br />
"Where are we going?" Lanying asked shyly.<br />
<br />
“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
<br />
"Huqiu." The painter's expression did not change.<br />
<br />
当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
<br />
When they got off the bus and stood at the foot of Huqiu Hill, the girl's uneasy heart was quieted down and relaxed. <br />
<br />
和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深”。沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
<br />
Compared with the small gardens in Suzhou City, Huqiu was a broad and quiet place to visit. The first two lines of Bai Juyi's poem on Huqiu were " The temple doesn't look far away, but it's very deep in the garden.” Walking along the stone path to the garden, there were many pines and cypresses, clear and blue sword pool, thick and tall groves of bamboo hiding the buildings and pavilions on the hillside: Temple of Chloris, Three Smiles pavilion... Walking deeper and there was more quiet, like walking into a sweet dream.<br />
<br />
这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在一起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
<br />
It was the first time Lanying had been alone with a man. There were mysterious waves in the girl’s heart. She felt that she had a lot to say to the painter, but she didn't know where to start.<br />
<br />
“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
<br />
"Have you received the photo?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I received. My family saw it and they all like you." The painter said.<br />
<br />
可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术。他对这一带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而倾倒。<br />
<br />
But the painter soon changed the subject. He commented on the local customs and culture of Suzhou and introduced the plastic art of the regions south of the Yangtze River. He seemed to be familiar with the area and knew a lot of anecdotes. The girl listened to him with great interest and was overwhelmed with admiration by the painter's profound knowledge.<br />
<br />
前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去 ,仿佛在祝福这一对美好的情侣。突然,一股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
<br />
Huqiu Pagoda was just ahead. The towering spire thrust into the blue sky and white clouds, magnificent and magical. Lanying and the painter ran towards the top of the hill with excitement. The painter stretched out his strong arm to support the girl. They were so close to each other, feeling the heat of each other's breath and heart beating. Pines, cypresses, and bamboo forests swayed backwards, as if they were blessing the wonderful couple. Suddenly, with a blazing feeling, they both stopped at the same time.<br />
<br />
这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰一样醉红,双唇像微微绽开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己一样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后一瞬……<br />
<br />
Here was surrounded by hills and trees, empty and silent. The painter stared at the girl with a frank and honest look; Lanying closed her eyes happily, ready to receive a baptism of love that would never be forgotten. The golden sunlight, through the branches of the trees, cast waving shadows on the girl’s face. Her cheeks were as red as roses, and her lips were like slightly blooming petals, more beautiful than usual. What a pure girl. Opening the window of her heart, there wasn’t any trace of dust and impurities. Although it was her second meeting with the painter, she trusted him and life as she trusted herself. Hold her tight, kiss her with fervor. She would be yours forever, from now until the last moment of your life…<br />
<br />
“兰英,我要告诉你一件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是‘右派’！”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I’ll tell you something." What she heard at this moment was the painter’s calm voice, “The first time was too late and the second time is not too late. I was classed as a 'rightist' when I was in college. Really, it was the 'rightist'!”<br />
<br />
霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
<br />
All of a sudden, the hills and trees, the ancient pagoda, were frozen in a deathly silence…<br />
<br />
孤岛上<br />
On a Lonely Island<br />
<br />
到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。1957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
<br />
Have you ever been to an island of the sea? The water and sky seemed to be mixed up together. The clouds came and went, and tide rose and fell. The island was a poem, a fresh and meaningful poem. At the turn of spring and summer in 1957, Yuan Yunsheng was in a poetic environment.<br />
<br />
他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
<br />
He went deep into the life on the island and practice drawing from nature. The Central Academy of Fine Arts required that second-year students had a two-month internship course; before the summer vacation, students went to different parts of the country. He and another student were the only ones who participated in the trip to the island. It was located on the shore of the Yellow Sea. There were only troops on the island, and no residents for miles around. The island provided him with a fortunate environment, getting away from the noise and disputes of the human world, and escaping the violent turmoil that happened in the mainland.<br />
<br />
小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体 ,心情是焦渴的。当蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
<br />
People on the island were closest to nature. Every morning, carrying the paint box on his back, he wandered on the beach covered with light yellow gravel and welcomed the first ray of happy sunshine. At the age of only eighteen, Yuan Yunsheng had already stood out from the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions and became a hazy composite of Chinese Classicism Painting and Western Modernism Painting, who was anxious. The blue sea sprinkled ten thousand golden stars and the sunglow filled his heart with brilliant colors. It was the moment when the young artist's life was burning. He hurriedly opened the paint box, spread the canvas and accepted the generous offer of nature.<br />
<br />
小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左右,才有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
<br />
The island was simple. Politics was proportional to the population, and there were fewer political topics here. Only a barge arrived to deliver newspapers and mail every ten days or so. While he and his companion were eating, they hastily opened the newspapers and skim through them. He was curious about the articles that appeared in the newspaper:<br />
<br />
“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好啦……”<br />
<br />
"Beijing is allowing the people to express their views now. This article is interesting. This opinion should be adopted. Changing it like this will be good…"<br />
<br />
他看完报纸一扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块和线条的运用。<br />
<br />
He threw the newspaper away after reading it and then forgot about it. He did not care about anything else except painting. His road of life was bright, full of sunshine, with no clouds hanging over him and nothing to worry about. All he cared about was the use of light, color blocks and lines.<br />
<br />
年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队的宣传干事带到一间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
<br />
The only political question the young artist faced was raised by the local soldiers. One day, he was taken to a humble shed by a publicity officer of the troops, and a pair of trusting eyes were cast upon him.<br />
<br />
“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, you have asked to go to another island to paint, right?"<br />
<br />
“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
<br />
"Yes, we want to go there."<br />
<br />
“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
<br />
"The troops have studied it. You can go, but your classmate stays."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查 。你们学校填写了两份材料,你的情况单纯 。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
<br />
"A permanent military project is being built on the island. Those who go there have to pass a political vetting. Your college filled out two documents, and your background is simple. Your classmate can't go, mainly because of family problems…"<br />
<br />
袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是一种荣幸,既然生活当中存在这样一些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng frowned. It was an honor to be invited alone. Since there were such rules in life, he went to there alone and no one could blame it. But it brought him more trouble than excitement. He knew his classmates. They were all members of the Communist Youth League and were the backbone of the students. Why should they be distinguished? With his artistic way of thinking, he decided that it was a proposition of conscience and friendship.<br />
<br />
“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
<br />
"Hey, I got it." He went back to the dorm and said to his companion, "The island is building fortifications, drilling and blasting, filled with smoke. There is nothing to paint. We've been out for a long time, let's just go back to the college!"<br />
<br />
不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大 登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活见鬼 !中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
<br />
Soon, he and his classmate crossed the sea and landed at Lvda City. The cool sea breeze blew against the beautiful city, arousing interest in sightseeing. They wandered the streets. The scenery was charming, the buildings were quirky and everywhere was full of Russian atmosphere. When Yuan looked up at the signposts, which wrote the street names like “Makarov”, he complained: "Damn it! Why does the street of a Chinese city have to be named after a Russian general? What a bummer…" A few days later, they stood in the blue harbor, casting a last glance at the ocean waves, and turned around to set foot on the way back.<br />
<br />
不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
<br />
He didn’t expect that it was a farewell to the blue life.<br />
<br />
北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷 ,使海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头 ,有碍“百花齐放”。袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
<br />
Beijing had changed. Returning from the island, he was amazed by the swift counterattack, the overwhelming criticism, and the petals scattered on the ground in the campus. What puzzled him most was the situation of Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the academy. He heard that the secretary of the Party Committee made a mistake because he advocated the revolutionary school of painting too far, which hindered "all flowers blooming together". Yuan Yunsheng really didn’t understand what the “revolutionary school of painting” had to do with the “rightist”.<br />
<br />
袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? 一连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng hid in the dormitory, immersing himself in gathering up his sketches. Perhaps, he was safe. He advocated inheriting ancient Chinese art and drawing on western modern art, which should be conducive to the "blooming of a hundred flowers". How could he not be safe. For several days, he chased the white clouds, waves and seagulls, lost in the memories of his trip to the sea…<br />
<br />
有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像一个漏了税的走私犯接受审讯。<br />
<br />
One day, he was suddenly called to the classroom and stood in front of the people, like a smuggler being tried for tax evasion.<br />
<br />
摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名——“反苏” 。 <br />
<br />
He was faced with a host of problems: deviant views in art, sympathetic remarks to the "rightist", "poisoning" on the island and in Lvda, and a terrible accusation throughout it--"anti-Soviet".<br />
<br />
究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐 ,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
<br />
The answer to who denounced him could be found by using elementary mathematics, but it was meaningless. Since he had thought so, and said, he said bluntly to anyone, with an honest heart.<br />
<br />
他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他一挥手:“请你到外面等一会儿。”<br />
<br />
He racked his brain to repeat what he had said, and the presenter waved to him: "Please wait outside for a moment."<br />
<br />
他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听见屋里在争论。<br />
<br />
He left the classroom and stood in the corridor, feeling relieved and comfortable. The corridor was only one door away from the classroom, and he heard an argument in the room.<br />
<br />
有人说:“够了……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "That's enough…”<br />
<br />
有人说:“还不够……”<br />
<br />
Someone said: "Not enough...”<br />
<br />
有人说:“态度还好……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "The attitude is not bad…"<br />
<br />
他的好友在替他争辩,另一些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
<br />
His best friends were arguing for him, and others were insisting on something, which sounded interesting. Then there was silence… Then, he was called back to the classroom.<br />
<br />
“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, after research, you've been classified as a 'rightist'!"<br />
<br />
政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色——红与黑。点朱泼墨,二者居其一,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不同,观点对立,照样用黑笔一勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
<br />
The oil painting box of the political movement had only two colors--red and black, which was different from the oil painting box of the artist. The only way to choose between cinnabar and ink was to rely on fortune-telling. He and Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, were of different ages, different background colors, and opposing views, but they were both outlined by black brushes with the same destination and the painting procedures were highly simplified.<br />
<br />
晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
<br />
In the evening, he rode the bike to Baijiazhuang, where his brother Yuan Yunfu lived. He rocked back in the sofa: "I am."<br />
<br />
哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
<br />
His brother smiled and asked, "What are you?"<br />
<br />
“我是’右派’了。”<br />
<br />
"I'm a 'rightist' now."<br />
<br />
“呵?”哥哥大吃一惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
<br />
"Huh?" His brother was astonished, "What mistake did you make?"<br />
<br />
“我没犯错误。”<br />
<br />
"I didn't make a mistake."<br />
<br />
“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
<br />
"Then why are you classified as a 'rightist'?"<br />
<br />
“他们说我是,就是啰 。”<br />
<br />
"They said I am. So I am."<br />
<br />
“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
<br />
"No! No!" His brother was trembling.<br />
<br />
“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
<br />
"What’s wrong with that?" He said evenly, "I still paint, still go to school, still engage in arts."<br />
<br />
他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山造湖,兴修水库,一颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地指挥部,请求一边干活一边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人来访。<br />
<br />
He really did not know pain yet. Soon after, hundreds of thousands of people in the capital swarmed to the out to the suburbs to move mountains and create lakes and build reservoirs in the gorge of the Ming Tombs, and a naive heart was touched. He thought how good it would be to see so many people working together to do one thing. He took his oil painting box and rode more than one hundred miles by bike to the construction headquarters, asking to be able to work and spent his spare time painting. They refused, explaining that according to the regulations, they would not accept personal visits.<br />
<br />
又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他一个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
<br />
Shortly afterward, he went into the construction site by bus with a large group of people from the Central Academy of Fine Arts. How excited he was! He did as much work alone as several men together, carrying six baskets for holding earth on one pole, and running fast on the rugged mountain road. At noon, when others took a nap, he held his painting clipboard and went to the mountain to paint under the scorching sun. Until he was exhausted and staggered back to the shed, he still didn’t feel bitter. Because it was her own choice. He was motivated by the boiling life and generously gave his energy, feeling that it was a great pleasure.<br />
<br />
可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成呵斥的嗓门,一张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了——仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
<br />
But the atmosphere in the shed had changed. The students gathered around him, pointing at him, and saying that he was disobedient, did not accept reform, and should not paint anymore… He was stunned. He didn’t know that it was a criticism meeting, and he didn’t understand what they said. He only felt that familiar eyes became harsh eyes, intimate expressions became indifferent expressions, and peaceful voices became scolding voices. Their mouths were moving, and their hands were shaking. Suddenly he understood--just one thing: he was different from others!<br />
<br />
他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
<br />
He opened his bloodshot eyes wide, wriggled his dry lips, and fell down with his hands on his head.<br />
<br />
过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
<br />
Because of overwork and mental stimulation, he contracted serious dysentery. The illness dragged on from summer to winter, and later he was sent to an unheated hut at college.<br />
<br />
小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活 ,学校当局不再放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他才感到了痛苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出一串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
<br />
The hut was cold and damp, where dripping water could freeze. His body was hot with a high fever. College authorities were no longer concerned about his condition. A year ago, he was the pride of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, who became an abandoned orphan now. He felt the pain, the pain of being strangled in art, exceeding the physical pain, like being pushed into a terrible hell. No! In the spiritual realm of art, there was only heaven, not hell. He was forced to learn to be inferior, but he could never learn it. In a coma, cluttered thoughts were flashing, as if he was flying after the seagulls, and dancing with the Goddess of the Luo River. He tossed and turned and struggled, with a series of moans, as if not willing to sink, but to climb out of the dark hell…<br />
<br />
屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
<br />
A faint white light came through the door and he heard the sound of footsteps. Looking there attentively, he found that his friend stood in front of the bed, casting sympathetic and concerned eyes at him.<br />
<br />
他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是一种负担。我需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
<br />
He sat up quickly: "Please don't come to see me again. I understand that it is a burden for others to be close to me. I need friendship, but not pity. What I need now is solitude, solitude, let me be alone!"<br />
<br />
新月<br />
<br />
The Crescent Moon<br />
<br />
夕阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野 闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对青年男女。<br />
<br />
The setting sun cast a golden glow on Huqiu and fell to the other side of the hill. The clear and quiet lights shimmered on the hill, which was connected to the transparent dusk, reflecting the stately profile of the millennium pagoda, like a contemplative old man overlooking a young couple on the hill.<br />
<br />
这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们一页一页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像一阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只残忍的巨手一挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择 。<br />
<br />
This moment was long enough for Lanying. There were tragedies and comedies in love stories that had been passed down through the ages, attracting people to read them page by page. However, the second page of Lanying's story was unbearable. The tender feelings of a girl who was in her first love: happiness, novelty, joy… For an instant they vanished like a gust of wind, as if with the wave of a cruel hand, everything sank, everything disappeared, and a problem was put before the girl, severe, cold, and emotionless, turning the sweet assignment into a cold choice of stakes.<br />
<br />
在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的一群 ,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以“杀气腾腾”“煽风点火 ”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁愿与鬼蜮联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
<br />
In those years, in this land, as long as people mentioned the "rightist", a bunch of greys flashed before their eyes, like shadows, like ghosts, as if they killed a man, committed arson, or poison something. It seemed that they were all charged with “murder”, “fanning the flames”, “drug trafficking” and so on. Their souls were sentenced to death, leaving only soulless shells of bodies. The shell, could breathe but could not speak, and must work but could not harvest. The only tolerance that society gave them was to give them more time than convicts sentenced to death, turning their shells into mud. Who would want to be married to a ghost? Who wanted to be with a zombie? Lanying faced such a choice.<br />
<br />
在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每一个姑娘都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵——询问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,工资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称一称。爱情的内容转变了,转变为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义 。<br />
<br />
In an environment where marriage and politics were tied together, every girl had to make considerations, either to enjoy honor, or to have misfortunes with her husband. Under the same dusk, how many girls in the world were considering it--asking the man’s family background, political affiliation, education background, job, salary, rank… asking his direct value and everything indirectly translated into value, and then weighing them on the balance of love. The content of love had been transformed into the process of exchange of commodities, which gradually became common and natural.<br />
<br />
兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算 。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
<br />
Lanying had more rights to make her own decisions. She was receiving higher education. She would be a nurse in the future, whose had blood of martyrs in her veins. The organization was considering her to join the Communist Party of China. She was as proud as a daughter of an eminent family, as beautiful as Snow White… Every intersection of life would provide the green light for her. with sons from aristocratic families for her to choose and high position and great wealth to enjoy. But life seemed to play ticks on her. It was the black devil who came to her side, not the angel of love. It was not late to break off the relationship with him at once, and there was no obligation on conscience and morality.<br />
<br />
兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越 ,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气 。因此,她还不懂得利害。<br />
<br />
Lanying lost in painful thought. She was in a privileged situation and had pure experiences, remaining unspotted from the world. Therefore, she did not understand the stakes.<br />
<br />
政治运动对姑娘来说,像一场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些“右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她还时常听到这样的告诫:有才华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不断得到强化。<br />
<br />
The political movement was like a vague dream for the girl. In 1957, she was an innocent girl studying in middle school. She took part in the denunciation, with her mouth, with her pen, with her outraged feeling. The war was over before she could see the enemies clearly. She only saw the backs of the prisoners. Later, when the girl was a little older, whenever she heard that someone was a "rightist", she could not help but look at him with curiosity. She saw that most of the "rightists" were scholars, professors, artists, writers, business backbone, celebrities and so on. She also often heard the admonition: talented people often had strong personalities; people with strong personalities often suffered setbacks. The direct and converse theorem of real life had been repeated in various tones, and the girl’s impression of it was constantly reinforced.<br />
<br />
抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的嘲讽。<br />
<br />
The abstract concept of friend or foe formed a concrete conclusion in the girl's mind, which was a sad mockery of the solemn political movement.<br />
<br />
眼前的画家又是一个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离经叛道的歧路 ,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为政治问题?为什么要让一个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的才华……什么是才华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下一颗蓝色的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
<br />
The painter before her was another example. Because the painter opposed the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, he was declared to be on an unorthodox and evil path and was sentenced to death in politics. The girl could not understand why the issue of art had to be turned into a political issue? Why should a Chinese hot-blooded young man be sacrificed to a foreign altar as a lamb to be slaughtered? Wasn't it ludicrous? Such a ludicrous thing actually happened. Perhaps, it further proved that the painter was not a meek lamb, but a fearful calf, attracting jealousy from others. It further proved the painter’s courage and insight, indomitable nature and precious talent… What was talent? For the simplehearted girl, it was the light of life, the garland of youth, the transcendence of ignorance, the sublimation of knowledge. It made money and wealth eclipsed, made gain, loss, fame and bad reputation ruin and loss become a passing cloud, like a bright horizon that divided the clear sky and turbid earth. Foolish girls liked to adorn themselves with jewels, but noble girls were full of spiritual aspirations. She was willing to pick a blue star and set it on the heart of love... Lanying broke the silence and said to the painter in a deep voice: "Don't mention those things of your past to me again. I don't think you've made a mistake…"<br />
<br />
画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子 ,也是有限的宽恕,一切还同过去一样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "But everyone else thinks so. Even if they took the hat off, the forgiveness would be limited, and everything would be the same as before. You can't associate with people like me. You must consider the consequences."<br />
<br />
“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
<br />
"I don't care about the consequences. No matter what other people think, I trust my instincts."<br />
<br />
“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are your instincts?"<br />
<br />
“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
<br />
"My instinct is that you are talented!"<br />
<br />
这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激动的光辉:“世上有才华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
<br />
It was the highest praise for an "enemy of society”. Her tone showed a significant preference, which should bring enough relief to the painter. But the painter stood there with a stoney expression. The radiance of excitement in his gaze was worn away: "There are many talented people in the world, including glorious victors and miserable losers. Why do you prefer me? You’ll regret it in the future…"<br />
<br />
难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把才华糟蹋得像一块抹布的年月里,这句话,他不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子无才便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,才华再也不是令知识分子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
<br />
No wonder the painter reacted indifferently. It was not the first time he had heard the phrase in the years when his talent was ruined like a rag. Anyone could give it to him. Beneath the hypocritical compliment was a deliberate mockery. "A woman without talent is virtuous", now also applied to men. Even if he was trampled underfoot, mercilessly flogged, covering with cuts and bruises, they could pat him on the shoulder and told him to get up and go to work. At that time, talent was no longer a flower that made intellectuals have smug feelings, but a bitter medicine that touched their feelings of sorrow.<br />
<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
<br />
Lanying’s and the painter's eyes met. The painter's eyes, probing and frank, with a deep flame of self-esteem and some expectations, shot all the way to the girl's heart. Lanying could not resist this stare that could penetrate through everything, and her heart was shivering…<br />
<br />
兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费力气地获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被搞得阴阳颠倒！一时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到一颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙一样晶莹闪烁。<br />
<br />
Lanying suddenly remembered that it was her second meeting with the painter, in this quiet mountain forest, a secluded valley far away from the city. Wasn't today Women's Day? Ordinarily, he could easily win the girl’s heart with his gentleness and gallantry. However, he brought frustration, which couldn’t wait to broke the girl's calm. He said the truth, revealed the hidden pain, casting ominous clouds. He knew that it could cause irreversible consequences, but insisted on doing it. What exactly was it for? How upright and poised he was! Why was such a person said to be a terrible devil? The vanished soul? Life was so unfair! Honesty for disaster, cunning for glory, how much right and wrong in the world had been turned upside down! For a moment, Lanying felt that the ravine, valley and river in front of her had been filled in. Through the evening mist, she saw a sincere heart, glittering and shining like agates.<br />
<br />
兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
<br />
Lanying said excitedly, "I decided."<br />
<br />
画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "You love me?"<br />
<br />
“喜欢。”<br />
<br />
"Yes."<br />
<br />
“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
<br />
"What do I have to be loved?"<br />
<br />
“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
<br />
"Because you are honest, and love needs honesty."<br />
<br />
画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝 里滚动。<br />
<br />
The painter's whole body shocked, and he threw himself on the girl and buried his head in her arms. In one moment, the strong man turned into a child that curled up, with tears welling up in his eyes.<br />
<br />
一弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
<br />
A crescent moon rose. The ancient pagoda was solemn, and the bamboo forest whispered. The bright silver light shined on the girl, who was like a silver statue of goddess.<br />
<br />
画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
<br />
The painter was like embracing a treasure that he never wanted to lose. For many years, he lived and behaved with integrity, and infatuated with art. But no one had ever given such an evaluation on him. Today, the girl judged his conscience, filling his lonely heart with light. He was satisfied and relieved, feeling that he got the greatest reward for the hardship he had suffered for years…<br />
<br />
双桥<br />
<br />
Shuangqiao<br />
<br />
当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢——充当囚犯, 颠沛流离 ,饱尝辛酸……<br />
<br />
Contemporary artists have great passions to pursue their own artistic styles, and those who had suffered misfortune had unique styles that could not be replaced by others. Who wants to repeat their experience--to be a prisoner, to wander, to endure all kinds of hardships…<br />
<br />
翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
<br />
Open Repin’s collection, and look at ''Barge Haulers on the Volga''.<br />
<br />
我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石磙,弓着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下一闪一闪。<br />
<br />
There is a picture similar to ''Barge Haulers on the Volga'' before us, a living picture. The sun was hot, and the air was burning. On the golden wheat field, a young man pulled a stone roller with the posture of the barge hauler on the Volga. He bowed, head down, with a rope trip on his shoulder, hands almost down to the ground. Sweat was running down his bare back, glowing and winking in the sun.<br />
<br />
这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是最年轻的一个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石磙,一拉就是一天。<br />
<br />
This was Shuangqiao Farm in Beijing, one of the earliest state farms, which was famous for its mechanized production. But the artists from the Central Academy of Fine Arts did the work like animal labor. Yuan Yunsheng was the youngest among more than twenty people, who volunteered to do the heaviest work. He pulled the stone roller on the wheat field all day.<br />
<br />
二十几个人住在一间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。几年前,在他们头顶上发生的 那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成为一门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向两极。<br />
<br />
More than twenty people lived in a large room, with shabby windows and doors, and flies and mosquitoes flying freely in and out. There were two rows of wide beds for a number of people and tables made of wooden boards in the room. The dean, professors, teaching assistants and students were equally treated here. The explosion that happened above their heads a few years ago caused different reactions in each of them. Some were silent, some were endlessly repentant, some were calm, and some were trembling, just as the mechanics of the explosion developed into a unique craft, capable of both destruction and construction, making their spiritual models distinctly polarized.<br />
<br />
袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头一个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,一头畜力转眼间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng returned to the room from the wheat field, his first action was to fall on the drawing board by the bed. The animal became an artist with glittering eyes at once, just like the miracle of a magic show by a magician. With the drawing board under his arm, he looked for prey everywhere. He was the master of everything in the territory of visual image.<br />
<br />
他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着他。试问 ,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展示了情景交融的空间——略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
<br />
He doggedly innovated, of his own accord and under duress. He had to reform through labor, and made art at the same time, who needed to adapt to the new environment because he could not leisurely portray objects like oil painters. Applying the achievements of line modeling in Chinese painting to Western oil painting, which was a hazy pursuit before, now became a bright flame that attracted him strongly. Who had ever seen the existence of "line" in life? And he saw it. He observed the layers of light, analyzed the light and plane of the object, trying to grasp the moment when a plane met another plane. The changing, transitional, and wonderful division showed clear lines on the retina, which commanded the hand and pen through the processing of the brain, the exaggeration of emphasis and the appropriate deformation, drawing firm or soft lines on the sketch, as simple as Chinese paintings, as precise as Western paintings, like a Peking Opera artist on an empty stage, showing the space that feelings mingled with scenes with his nuanced hand movements, expression of eyes and body motions--a remarkable painting language that was slight but not empty, with real in its emptiness.<br />
<br />
他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
<br />
He figured it out. Since his paintings would never be cared again, let alone exhibited, he could let his pen draw freely. During the days in the farm, he made more than two thousand sketches with pens, brushes and pencils, far more than the number of assignments for students in fine art colleges. With heavy work and strong foundation, he went toward his goal. A large pile of sketches on his bedside was the accumulation of his faith and the ocean of spirit.<br />
<br />
住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
<br />
Among the people living in the same room, there was a stern elder who often watched the young painter's behaviors. He was Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy. Jiang Feng's gaze was astonished. He didn’t know his student before, but now he was touched by Yuan Yunsheng's enthusiasm for hard work and advancement.<br />
<br />
“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去！”<br />
<br />
"I really don't understand why the student like you should be labeled as a 'rightist'?" Jiang Feng said to Yuan Yunsheng, "Draw it. As long as you think it's right, you can draw it according to your will!"<br />
<br />
这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
<br />
It was the direct teaching Yuan Yunsheng heard from the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, not in the grand academy, but in the hard adversity. This teaching impressed him forever.<br />
<br />
一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
<br />
One day, people living in the same room held a review meeting. Some of them confessed as usual, but Jiang Feng declaimed, criticizing the proneness to boasting and exaggeration in publicity, the disconnect between economic policy and economic base, and the hazards of "Left" opportunism, just like a level-headed politician without the slightest self-consciousness of an offender. He was still him, maintaining human dignity, and exercising the rights of the brain and mouth. Yuan Yunsheng listened, filled with admiration.<br />
<br />
散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特儿是清癯的、憔悴的,一副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出一个美的灵魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
<br />
After the meeting, Jiang Feng read a book with his head on the desk. Yuan Yunsheng quietly picked up the drawing board and looked towards him. The model in front of him was skinny and haggard, with a contemplative look. However, in the painter's mind, a beautiful soul was reflected, as hard and transparent as diamonds. The painter used his brush to draw a portrait of him with ease and verve.<br />
<br />
“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
<br />
"Oh, I'm much thinner than before." Jiang Feng took the sketch and said with emotion, "Leave this painting to me. You and I have a memorable friendship…"<br />
<br />
这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
<br />
The sketch was paired with a frame, hanging in Jiang Feng's home for many years.<br />
<br />
一个被撤职的党委书记,一个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
<br />
A dismissed secretary of the Party Committee, and a young man forced to stop school. Neither of their personalities were distorted under the weight. Once the personality had overcome the ordeal, it was like cast iron. It was the same to admit it or not.<br />
<br />
雨纷纷<br />
<br />
The Drizzling Water <br />
<br />
画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业分配。<br />
<br />
The painter parted with Lanying in Suzhou and returned to Changchun. They exchanged letters from time to time. A year later, Lanying was facing job assignment after graduation.<br />
<br />
东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降临头上。<br />
<br />
The Northeast was very unfamiliar to Lanying. In her imagination, it was distant borderlands covered with snow and ice, a terrible place so cold that the nose, ears and chin could be frozen off. None of the students wanted to be assigned to the Northeast. They were used to the affluent conditions and warm climate of lands of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River, and the mere mention of the Northeast made their hair stand on end, as if the doom of exile had fallen on their heads. <br />
<br />
兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
<br />
Lanying was regardless of anything. In the girl's mind, where he was, there was spring, and there was a bonfire! She was willing to suffer cold and hunger just by his side.<br />
<br />
当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying proposed to the organization of his aspiration for assignment, the other side was shocked: “Ah, you already have a boyfriend! How long have you known each other? What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
姑娘一五一十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住 。<br />
<br />
The girl answered one by one. She thought that it could not be hidden sooner or later.<br />
<br />
兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象力,把故事编得像田园牧歌一样美妙——<br />
<br />
Lanying’s story spread through the college. Oral litterateurs were not lack in imagination, and made up the story as beautiful as an idyllic pastoral--<br />
<br />
“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
<br />
"Hey, did you hear? Lanying asked to be assigned to Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
<br />
"So far away! Why do you want to go there?"<br />
<br />
“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子。”<br />
<br />
"She met a boyfriend, one of the most beautiful men in Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那个人干什么的?”<br />
<br />
"What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
<br />
"He's an actor at Changchun Film Studio. He acted many movies."<br />
<br />
“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
<br />
"Of course it is good to have an actor as boyfriend. He can go everywhere in the country. <br />
Studios are in big cities, and Lanying can be transferred to wherever she likes!"<br />
<br />
但是,在学校的一间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
<br />
But in a small room of the college, Lanying's head was under the weight of thousand pounds, and furious and disappointed eyes were cast at him: “You are too naïve in politics. Who is he? A ‘rightist', who is anti-Party and anti-socialist. Who are you? The descendant of revolutionary martyrs, member of the Communist Youth League, and the Party organization's development target. Won’t you feel sorry about your dead parents? And the Party?<br />
<br />
兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了……”<br />
<br />
Lanying argued: "His hat had been taken off…"<br />
<br />
“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样一个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣个黑锅背一辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
<br />
"Whether his hat had been taken off or not, it was all the same. If one has such a family, he could not shake it off. But you want to have the injustice and carry it for the rest of your life. How silly you are!"<br />
<br />
“我乐意……”<br />
<br />
"I don’t care…"<br />
<br />
“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍白,四肢麻木,像是一个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
<br />
"Don’t say any more! You are already his prisoner, standing on a cliff. You have to break off with him, and never meet him again. If he writes to you, you hand it over to the organization to deal with!" Lanying sat in a corner of the room, pale and numb, like a rebel on trial. What did she have to say? A simple-hearted girl confided in others the secret of love for the first time, who should receive happy congratulations. However, she received brutal reprimand and forced interferences, and it was useless to argue with them. She dragged herself back to the dormitory.<br />
<br />
更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她,好像她做了什么亏心事。一颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
<br />
What was harder to bear was the mute weight. Her classmates looked at her with scorn and whispered about her as if she had done something against conscience. A pearl once held in the palm of the hand suddenly became the object of ridicule, so that she tasted the fickleness of the world, the ups and downs of fate, and aroused a strong feeling of rebellion.<br />
<br />
她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨——爸爸生前的战友。<br />
<br />
She wrote a letter and sent it to an aunt in Hangzhou, a former comrade of her father.<br />
<br />
阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
<br />
The aunt soon sent a telegram, asking her to go to Hangzhou and talking with her face to face.<br />
<br />
兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空一样阴郁。<br />
<br />
When she arrived in Hangzhou, it was drizzling. The aunt took her to her residence, and was very hospitable with smile, trying to make her happy. However, Lanying's face looked sad, as gloomy as the sky.<br />
<br />
“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说，“我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
<br />
"What if you worry yourself into illness?” The aunt said, "Let me go out for a walk with you.”<br />
<br />
她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
<br />
They went to Orioles Singing in the Willows of the West Lake with an umbrella.<br />
<br />
西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
<br />
The West Lake was silvery gray in front of Lanying. The sky was silver, and the water was silver. The atmosphere was drifting with silver powder that looked like rain but not rain, which he could not feel, and her clothes seemed to be getting wet but not.<br />
<br />
兰英的眉心舒展 了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
<br />
Lanying felt more comfortable: "The scenery here is so beautiful!"<br />
<br />
“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢，”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍一个男朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证会喜欢他……”<br />
<br />
"It is worth coming here, right. There is another happy thing," said the aunt with a smile, "I’ll introduce to you a boyfriend. He is a member of the party and does confidential work in the army. He is handsome and you are well-matched in age. I’m sure that as long as you are willing to meet him, you are going to like him…"<br />
<br />
兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
<br />
Lanying was on the alert at once: "Did you invite me here just for this?"<br />
<br />
阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养感情嘛……”<br />
<br />
The aunt said: "I’m doing this for your own good. The relationship needs to be cultivated. You don’t have a relationship with him now, but you can cultivate it…"<br />
<br />
姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进一团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲径好像布满陷阱。一种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。给你!”<br />
<br />
The girl only felt that her chest was stuffed with a mess. The beautiful scenery of the West Lake had become nasty, and the winding path under her feet seemed to be fraught with pitfalls. A feeling of being fooled came over her, and she said angrily: "I don't want to see anyone. Here you are!"<br />
<br />
兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
<br />
Lanying shoved the umbrella into the aunt's hand, turned and ran away through the cold rain. Behind her, the lake water lapped at the shore, making a rhythmic sound, like heaving sighs…<br />
<br />
回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
<br />
Back to the residence, the first thing Lanying did was to pack things, ready to return to Suzhou. The aunt came over and said calmly, "Lanying, I know your temper. Once you have decided something, no one can persuade you…"<br />
<br />
“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
<br />
"I appreciate that you know it." The girl said tonelessly.<br />
<br />
“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好好谈谈吧……”<br />
<br />
"I have only one request." said the aunt, "Since you came to Hangzhou, it does not hurt to stay one more day. Let's talk about it in the evening…"<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
<br />
At night, Lanying and the aunt sat face to face by lamplight.<br />
<br />
“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I trust your eyes. The person you like must be good." The aunt said calmly. “Our party implements a policy of uniting and reforming intellectuals, and people like him still have a role to play."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "I thought the same thing…"<br />
<br />
“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们一些好处。打个比喻吧,好比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那些人再好,也不能使用。你多想一想吧……”<br />
<br />
"But let me tell you more detailed information." The aunt said, "At present, we do not have a team of intellectuals of our own. If we don’t rely on them, who can we rely on? If we want to use them, we have to give them some benefits. To use an analogy, it is like a jelly bean to coax children. The little sweetness will soon melt. When our own team grows up, they can’t be used anymore no matter how good they are. Think more about it…”<br />
<br />
姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头一次听说,在政策的背后还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
<br />
After the girl listened to the thorough analysis, she was bewildered. She heard for the first time that there were policies behind a policy. The infinite mysteries of life were enough for her to digest slowly.<br />
<br />
这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。一个势单力孤的女子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越 ,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为一个农家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
<br />
That night, Lanying lost sleep. At the deadest time of the night, she was thinking about the painter who was far away and gradually came to realize that there were more serious obstacles between them than ice, snow, storms, mountains and rivers. A weak woman, powerless to push away the weight of society, tradition and mentality, felt that the future was infinitely uncertain. Did the girl regret having fallen in love with him? She could not find a reason to condemn herself. Their love was witnessed by the green hill and bright moon, without a trace of dust. She could only regret that she came from a privileged background and was fully favored, so that her love was also shackled. The girl would rather be reborn again for him… She fell asleep in a daze and had a sweet dream that she was transformed into a farm girl and met the painter among the white mountain and the black water. The whole world was pure as if it was covered with silver and jade… When she woke up, she found that it was just a delusional dream. The fate had been doomed, and everything was irreversible. The girl was desperate, with hot tears like a broken line of beads, from the cheeks constantly rolling down...<br />
<br />
第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看一看就会明白的。”<br />
<br />
The next day, the aunt put a magazine in front of Lanying: "This is what I found from the library, you will understand if you read it."<br />
<br />
这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到一篇文章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的一小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的题目——<br />
<br />
It was a magazine of ''Fine Arts'' published in that year. With trembling hands, Lanying opened the pages and found an article. The article criticized an oil painting by Yuan Yunsheng and included a photo of it. What was that? The painting was shrunken into a small and pitiful piece that could not be seen clearly. The girl finally found the title of the painting--<br />
<br />
水乡记忆<br />
<br />
Memory of the Water Town<br />
<br />
“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
<br />
"It’s okay. It’s okay. It would burn if you continue frying it."<br />
<br />
“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
<br />
"Be gentle, don't let others hear it."<br />
<br />
“我先尝尝——哈,又香又脆!”<br />
<br />
"Let me taste it first--ha, it’s delicious and crispy!"<br />
<br />
“放开肚皮吧 ,反正不花钱……”<br />
<br />
"Tuck in. It doesn’t cost money anyway…"<br />
<br />
袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng lying in bed, heard the laughter, the sizzle of boiling oil, and the greedy sound of chewing from next door, along with the aroma of fried oil cakes, keeping him awake at night. <br />
<br />
这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择一处乡土气息浓厚的地区深入生活 ,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓库隔壁的一间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传口号消失了,生理本能在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是一出率先占有填充材料的喜剧。<br />
<br />
This was the warehouse of the production team, located in a small town near Suzhou. Not long ago, Yuan Yunsheng returned to the Central Academy of Fine Arts from Shuangqiao Farm, and got back to Professor Dong Xiwen's studio to learn from him. The teacher suggested him to choose an area with a strong local flavor to plunge into the thick of life, collecting materials for his graduation work. He came to a town in the regions south of the Yangtze River and was assigned to a hut next to the production team's warehouse as the accommodation. It was a time of national economic hardship, and the water town, which was praised as “the earthly paradise", was also facing the threat of starvation. The fanatical slogan that was once popular disappeared and physiological instincts took effect in people, which was first shown in the town's cadres. In order to fill a few people’s bellies, they went harm to the group, compressing others’ bellies. The late-night performance was a comedy of being the first to take possession of the filling material.<br />
<br />
袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng rolled over in bed, causing a few rats to crawl out beside the pillow and hop around on him.<br />
<br />
“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
<br />
"There’s a noise!" The man next door said, "Should we ask that painter to come?"<br />
<br />
“别理他!”<br />
<br />
"Don’t mind him!"<br />
<br />
……<br />
<br />
这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预一下也无可厚非 。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
<br />
This was the material of real life! Paint it. Since "art was subordinate to politics", there was nothing wrong with intervening in such life. The painter lay in bed, his heart flowing with the feeling of concerning for the country and the people.<br />
<br />
然而,夜间的梦寐 并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
<br />
However, the dream at night did not leave the painter with a deep impression. He had his own understanding of the function of art. He came here for pursuit of the beauty in life, and the dust of life could not cloud the artist's heart of gold. The place he went to during the day gave satisfaction to his pursuit. A few weeks later, he returned to Beijing with everything that he wanted.<br />
<br />
回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,一股不可遏制的创作冲动驱使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去一个晚上的时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
<br />
One day after returning to Beijing, he leaned on his bed and thought after dinner. An uncontrollable impulse of creation drove him to pick up the brush and readily draw on the draft paper, the tip of the brush as smooth as floating clouds and flowing water. In only one night, he sketched out his graduation work.<br />
<br />
他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
<br />
He took the sketch to visit Teacher Dong Xiwen. The teacher looked at it and said: "I think it is distinctive. The workload is not small. Get on with it!"<br />
<br />
他把行李卷、画布和油彩,一股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上一摊,不分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
<br />
He moved the bedding roll, canvases and oil paints into the large warehouse of the college. This warehouse was used to store large-scale cultural relics, including a tall stone camel, an excavated stone horse and a stone tiger in front of the tomb of the Han Dynasty general Huo Qubing. The floor was covered with thick dust, and the walls were covered with cobwebs, like a gloomy old castle. He spread the bedding roll on the floor, and worked day and night. The stone tiger and horse watched a young painter working like a maniac. Two months later, Yuan Yunsheng asked someone to help him lift out a huge oil painting.<br />
<br />
这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
<br />
The painting was titled ''Memory of the Water Town''.<br />
<br />
《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优 ”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的分数都不肯给。<br />
<br />
''Memory of the Water Town'' became the topic of conversation in the circle of art. The doyens of painting such as Dong Xiwen, Ye Qianyu and Huang Yongyu praised it, who argued that his graduation grade should be “excellent”. Some others shook their heads and frowned, refusing to give him even a passing grade.<br />
<br />
水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
<br />
What was the memory of the water town for the young painter?<br />
<br />
画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
<br />
In the picture is a small bridge common in Suzhou, which is the style of traditional architectural left over from the Ming Dynasty, with exquisite structure, decorated with delicate sculpted reliefs. The two sides of the bridge show the houses, streets and the lively scene of the market trading during the Spring Festival.<br />
<br />
看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。一个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开一张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。一个淳朴的小女孩刚才卖掉一只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着一桩桩美好的故事——人们在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
<br />
Look, there are people setting up the stage for Beijing opera performance, there are people selling New Year's pictures, and there are people selling grain and vegetables, so lively. A beautiful country girl spreads out a newspaper at her feet and sets bunches of flowers on it, expecting people to visit. A simple little girl has just sold a lamb. Perhaps because the cute little animal was fed by her hands when growing up, she sees it being taken away, showing a look of melancholy... With the strong national style and local customs and practices, the painter drew hundreds of lifelike characters, around the stone bridge to tell good stories -- people exchanged their results of hard work a year here, and were pleased and gratified by the rich and colorful folk recreations.<br />
<br />
桥下是一泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
<br />
Under the bridge is clear, rippling and sparkling. The dark-awninged boats, small wooden boats and barges carrying purchases for the Spring Festival are so close to each other, and brush past the others. The boatmen are all humble, avoiding each other, and quickly giving the way for the neighboring boats. A young man lies leisurely on the bow of the boat, the sunlight sprinkling over his face, and thinks with a vision of the future…<br />
<br />
这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举世无双的韧性——走向明天!<br />
<br />
Weren’t the small bridge and the river the reappearance of our national features! Our nation suffered a lot, and was at a very difficult time; however, our indomitable national spirit was not destroyed by the disaster. We were strong, confident and optimistic, emphasized courtesy, and maintained great dignity, with a slow rhythm, calm pace, and resilience that was unparalleled in the world--towards tomorrow!<br />
<br />
谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
<br />
Who could have guessed that the original idea of this painting was conceived in that hut in the water town, that shady with mice hopping around, adjacent to the evil. What a contrast between the hard work of the people, the innocence of the painter, and the greed, selfishness and deceit just a wall away! The painter brushed away the shadows of life, and used painting language to express his deep love for his country and people with good wishes. This was the self-analysis of the painter's mind and character!<br />
<br />
当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩 ,年画的敦厚朴实和壁画的装饰趣味。<br />
<br />
When ''Memory of the Water Town'' was put on public display, hanging in the auditorium of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, the response from the audience was enthusiastic. Some people left comments, some took pictures, and some copied it. Just in terms of its innovation in artistic style, people were amazed by it. The author put aside the "three unities" of plot devices of Western oil painting and the traditional perspective rules, and adopted the ingenious technique of cavalier perspective of Chinese painting, so as to make the independent stories on the picture blend together. When portraying the characters, the author masterly used the tools of Western oil painting, boldly used line modeling, and absorbed the exaggeration of the ancient art of pottery figurines to depict images of the figures with different expressions. The painting had the splendor and magnificence of oil painting, the exact delineation and heavy colors of Chinese painting, the sincerity and simplicity of New Year’s picture and the decorative interest of fresco. <br />
<br />
把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为一炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿了吧！<br />
<br />
It was the author's dream to integrate the ancient and modern, Chinese and Western painting arts into one. His dream should come true!<br />
<br />
但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
<br />
However, the fate of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was suddenly reversed, which was taken off the wall of the exhibition hall and thrown into the garbage dump where scraps were stored. Later, a young man who loved table tennis found its value and dragged it behind the table to use it as a baffle to block the ball. Later, a student from the art history department felt bad for it and secretly cut it down with a scissor, folded it up, and pressed it under the bed in the dormitory. However, the college reported it to the police in panic, bringing in the comrades in the department of public safety to enter the college to reconnoiter, as if searching for an indecent prohibited thing. Finally, the enthusiastic collector had to hand it over, and the campus loudspeaker immediately broadcasted that it was "another victory in paying great attention to class struggle".<br />
<br />
离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着一堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的路口只亮着一盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
<br />
Was it bizarre? Not really. The climate was changing, three years of hardship passed, the fairs trade in the countryside was banned, and the days of hunger were forgotten. Today's politics made new requirements on yesterday's art, and it was time for the painter to be spanked. The author of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was faced with lots of questions that he could never answer: Why didn't you paint a tractor? Why didn't you paint the wheat field with a good harvest? Why didn't paint… Among all the criticisms, no one had ever accused him of not painting the scene next door that night, though such phenomena were a well-known fact. There was only one green light at the intersection of literary criticism: turning left. The artist who stayed true to the art went straight ahead and was denounced as being too "right".<br />
<br />
中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出作者的艺术才能。”<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, once said with emotion: "If this painting had not been damaged, and had been put on display, I can predict that the audience would have rehabilitated him. Even in this tentative work, we can see the artistic talent of the author."<br />
<br />
只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世——其中也包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, the remains of the painting couldn’t be found. The only memorial it had left was a pathetically small picture, accompanied by a critical article that sounded plausible, published in a corner of ''Fine Arts''. The painter should feel honored that it was the first time his work had been made into a zincograph, and printed, spreading around the world--including the one in front of Lanying.<br />
<br />
月台边<br />
<br />
At the Edge of the Platform<br />
<br />
兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
<br />
The second morning Lanying spent in Hangzhou was the most painful time for her.<br />
<br />
阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子 ,还会累及子女。<br />
<br />
The aunt stood beside her as her guardian, and pointed to the magazine as if she had found a powerful proof. The aunt said that a man like Yuan Yunsheng would not correct his mistake, and others would not tolerate him. It would be a lifelong mistake to combine with him, never seeing the light in the future and implicating the children.<br />
<br />
那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘与画家结合 的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
<br />
The magazine did not frighten the girl’s love away, but made her feel the seriousness of the problem. It seemed that it was not only the aunt, the college, but also the whole society that prevented her from being bound with the painter. It seemed that everyone except the girl was cursing him and splashing dirty water on the painter. Did the girl still have the courage to go towards him? Talking about the future children, those innocent babies that would follow the adults and spend their whole life in the mud, Lanying's heart was softened.<br />
<br />
这是一场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
<br />
It was an irresistible spiritual siege. Lanying hunched over the table and burst into tears…<br />
<br />
阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效力,递过一支笔、一张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
<br />
Seeing the effect of her good intention, the aunt handed over a pen and a piece of paper: "Writing him a letter and making it clear, you’ll feel comfortable. If he really loves you, he will not give you trouble again…"<br />
<br />
兰英接过纸笔。<br />
<br />
Lanying took the paper and pen.<br />
<br />
她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家能够得到另一个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后一个字,信纸上满是斑斑泪痕。<br />
<br />
She wrote a very firm statement, cutting off communication with the painter, and didn’t explain anything. She took the responsibility, saying that she was willing to pay the lifelong price for her impulse and would never get married again. In her letter, she wished the painter to get another girl who would love him as much as she did… When she finished the letter, it was blotted with tears.<br />
<br />
阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
<br />
The aunt took it over to have a look and sighed: "Look, the handwriting was wet with tears. It’ll make him suspect that you are not really want to break up with him ......"<br />
<br />
“本来就是被迫的！”兰英没好气地说。<br />
<br />
"It was forced!" Lanying said angrily.<br />
<br />
阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
<br />
The aunt finally got the written pledge and was relieved, sealing the envelope with her own hands, sticking a stamp on it, and taking it to the post office.<br />
<br />
兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将把信撕得粉碎,一赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下 ,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净……<br />
<br />
Lanying returned to Suzhou from Hangzhou, and felt every day like a year, repeatedly imagining the painter's reaction. The painter would be furious, wouldn’t he? Lanying really did not want to add a new scar to the painter's heart, which had been badly wounded, so she did not write irritating words in the letter. But the painter would understand the reason for the change. The letter had already constituted a contempt and insult to him. Would he rip it up and decide not to write back in a fit of anger? Or would he bow to his fate and fall into a depression? Or, the girl's worries were superfluous. Men were men, who were easy come and easy go. He would wipe the girl out of his memory, completely forgetting her.<br />
<br />
兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
<br />
The last thing that Lanying wanted to happen was the latter situation.<br />
<br />
画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
<br />
The painter wrote back with stiff words. He agreed to break up, without a hint of a pleading tone, with only one last condition, asking Lanying to come to Changchun and explain the reason face to face.<br />
<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
<br />
Like hearing an echo from an empty valley, Lanying ran into the college office clasping the letter.<br />
<br />
姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
<br />
The girl placed the letter on the table and said: "Please allow me to go to Changchun."<br />
<br />
对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
<br />
After reading the painter's letter, the other party looked up and asked, "Is this the last meeting?"<br />
<br />
“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
<br />
"Yes." The girl said, "We're very determined."<br />
<br />
学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
<br />
The college could not say the reason for refusing the girl and let her go. On the day of the girl’s departure, the school made a long-distance call to Changchun, asking the painter's unit to cooperate and pay attention to the actions of Lanying and the painter, promoting both sides to break off the relationship.<br />
<br />
火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人头攒动的月台上,她一眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
<br />
The train was flying along, the vast fields passing outside the window. The girl was anxious. She was longing for the scenery of the Northeast in her dream before, but this journey didn’t leave any impression on her. She only remembered the moment the train arrived in Changchun, when she saw the painter with a pale face at a glance on the crowded platform.<br />
<br />
兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
<br />
When Lanying stepped out of the train, the painter was coming up. He still held the sketchbook in his hand, pretending to be calm. However, his tired and dark look, holding back great pain, could not escape the girl's keen eyes. It was exactly what the girl hoped to see, and a thrill of joy rose in her heart. <br />
<br />
画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
<br />
The painter stopped at the edge of the platform, keeping a few steps from the girl.<br />
<br />
“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
<br />
"Please answer now," the painter's voice was like the low roar of a wild animal, "why do you change your mind? Why do you bend to the will of others?"<br />
<br />
姑娘把旅行袋往前一递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听懂是什么意思。<br />
<br />
The girl handed her travel bag forward: "Do you think I come to Changchun to negotiate with you?" The painter was stunned, not understanding what it meant.<br />
<br />
“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑一趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
<br />
"You fool! If I want to break up with you, do I need to come all the way here?" The girl smiled sweetly, "There is a long way to go, and you need to be tested!"<br />
<br />
明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解——那些无尽无休的劝说、挑唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
<br />
The bright sunlight returned to the painter's face. He even forgot to pick up the girl's bag, and was so excited that he didn’t know what to do. The girl dodged back a little, really afraid that the guy who lost his mind in front of him would throw himself into her arms in full view of a large crowd with no regard for the customs of the country… The consensus reached the Changchun negotiation--those endless persuasions, instigation and restraint were really tiresome that decisive actions had to be taken to get rid of it.<br />
<br />
兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同财产,是一条印花双人床单。在一间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
<br />
Lanying and the painter married in the summer vacation after graduation. The wedding was held in Changchun, without relatives officiating, and classmates congratulating. The only gift they received was a blouse given by Yuan Yunfu to his sister-in-law; the new common property was a printed double bed sheet. In a temporary borrowed hut, they performed a solemn ceremony of life. Lanying spent her honeymoon in disassembling and washing the bedding for the former bachelor. The short honeymoon ended as Lanying's reporting date approached.<br />
<br />
人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
<br />
The Queen Mother of the world was not willing to give in after all, and deliberately laid a galaxy between them.<br />
<br />
兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽容——除了东北三省之外,其他任何一个城市都行。实心眼儿的 姑娘把手指放在地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
<br />
Lanying's place of work was chosen from the map. When she was assigned after graduation, the college gave her lenient conditions--any city except the three provinces of the northeast. The honest girl put her finger on the map and found the nearest place to the Northeast along the railway line. Her finger crossed Beijing, Tianjin, and rested on a small circle south of Shanhaiguan: Tangshan. She thought that it was the ideal crossing of the Milky Way on earth.<br />
<br />
她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着一块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生活无法自理。直到这时,她才感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
<br />
Not long after she arrived in Tangshan, she was caught in an "unprecedented" storm. With marches, rebellions, and two factions fighting with each other with machetes and spears, the whole city fell into primitive tribal strife. Lanying was alone and lived in uncertainty in troubled times. The annual visits to her husband comforted her a little in spirit. Later, she was pregnant. The overwork and poor living conditions caused Lanying to suffer from lumbar spine strain. Her back was like carrying a heavy iron plate, and she couldn’t roll over in bed. There was no one to make fires in the house, and the flimsy door and windows could not withstand the cold wind. The lumbar disease made her stiff and unable to take care of herself. By this time, she felt that she needed her husband by her side so much…<br />
<br />
画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到一份工作,又赶到唐山,好不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户口的证件。至此,他们已经两地分居六年了。<br />
<br />
The painter went around and asked, and finally found a job for his wife in a hospital in Changchun, and then rushed to Tangshan. With difficulty, he passed many hurdles and got the documents to switch his wife’s job and transfer her registered permanent residence. So far, they had been living apart for six years.<br />
<br />
兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西——优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。耿耿 银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
<br />
When Lanying sat on the train, the platform in Changchun moving in front of her eyes again, she could not help but have mixed feelings. For six years, she lost a lot of things out of her own volition--a bright future in politics, a beautiful youth and excellent conditions. The corners of her pretty eyes were covered with worry lines, and her beautiful cheeks became sallow with a gaunt appearance. She paid a huge price for the ordinary life of ordinary people, and a charge of "the family member of a rightist whose hat was taken off”. The Milky Way was in front of her, and there were the same strict rituals in heaven and on earth. <br />
<br />
陋室铭<br />
<br />
The Humble Room<br />
<br />
破木桌上摊开一张纸片,一只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
<br />
A piece of paper was spread out on the broken wooden table, and a small hand holding the brush, applied watercolor to the paper. Round, square and irregular blocks of color appeared under the brush, representing different still life: the round one was a washtub, the square one was an old wooden box, and the irregular one was a diaper on a clothesline…<br />
<br />
这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
<br />
It was the artist's son sketching. He was born in Changchun, and no matter how difficult the path of his parents' life was, he grew up according to the laws of nature, until he was old enough to grasp a brush with his little hand. <br />
<br />
小屋只有14平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, 一排大连铺占去三分之二的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
<br />
The house was only 14 square meters. A little sister added to the family, and four of them were crammed into a small space, with a large bed taking up two thirds of the area. The broken wooden table in front of the window was the dad's workbench at ordinary times, and the son's bed at night. The rest of the space was for cooking and washing clothes, and there was no extra space.<br />
<br />
眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
<br />
The artist's son had painted the scene in front of him more than once, which was his first subject of contact with life. This lovely third generation in new China repeatedly painted with the most beautiful colors in his young mind, and had accumulated dozens of sketches. Whenever the neighbors came to visit, he would take out his works and show them off in front of them. However, the comments he heard were very disappointing: "Alas, Lanying, why does your precious son only paint the slums?"<br />
<br />
兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
<br />
Lanying gave a wry smile. What could she say? All her son painted were things in her house.<br />
<br />
兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头一样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
<br />
After Lanying moved to Changchun, she took on heavy housework and lived a hard life. She was used to eating ready-made meals in the canteen before, and never cooked; by this time, she was distressed to find that it was more difficult to steam the corn cake without turning souring than to perform a surgical operation in the hospital. For a long time, the steamed corn cakes, steamed bread of corn and steamed buns that the whole family ate were unbearably sour and hard like stones. The children still gobbled them up as if they natively tasted like that.<br />
<br />
家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱一个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭 。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
<br />
The family's finances were tight. The total income of two college graduates could not keep up with the increase of family members and the rise of commodity prices. The son was lucky enough to eat cake for a few days when he was a child. When it was the daughter's turn, the parents could no longer afford to buy cakes, so they had to buy bread that was a dime per piece to give the children a treat. Later, the parents brought home discounted black bread. Even so, the children were so happy, smiling from ear to ear.<br />
<br />
他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
<br />
They pinched and scraped, but still spent more than their income. At the end of every month, Lanying and the painter would empty out their pockets face to face.<br />
<br />
“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, we haven't bought the meat for this month yet." Lanying said.<br />
<br />
“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
<br />
"Let’s buy it." The painter said, "It's Sunday. It’s time to improve a meal."<br />
<br />
妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服口袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
<br />
The wife had been penniless for a while. The painter turned his pockets inside out to scrap up enough money to buy a catty of meat.<br />
<br />
儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
<br />
The son, who had already prepared a small snow sled and waited there, took the money and ran away with joy.<br />
<br />
过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
<br />
After a while, the son's cheer came from the door: "Come on, the meat is bought back!"<br />
<br />
画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
<br />
The painter and his wife ran out to greet it, but they were stunned: "Where's the meat?"<br />
<br />
儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚才他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤肉颠得没影了……<br />
<br />
My son looked back and saw that the snow sled was empty. He was too happy and run too fast, the catty of meat tossed away…<br />
<br />
“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
<br />
As the "buyer" had never failed in his duty, he became downhearted this time. The painter and Lanying had to comfort their son, holding his embarrassed little face and laughing.<br />
<br />
儿子也笑了。一场精神上的欢笑 代替了假日的会餐。<br />
<br />
The son laughed too. A time of mirth in spirit replaced the holiday meal.<br />
<br />
在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, the so-called "spiritual aristocrats" were finding jobs for themselves. Some decorated the facade of restaurants and hotels, painting some pictures to exchange bottles of wine and whole cases of fish. Some were busy with their household sidelines, producing modern furniture by hand. Others worked as art tutors, and if the students they taught had good backgrounds, their situations would soon be improved. But Yuan Yunsheng did not get any "extra money" and did not look for a way out. He was very busy. He worked during the day, honestly completing the tasks given to him and trying not to be faulted; after he came back home at night, he indulged in painting, steeping himself in his beloved art, and didn’t have time to do the housework.<br />
<br />
在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似的想点办法?”<br />
<br />
At the most difficult time for the family, Lanying said to Yunsheng in a tentative tone, "Could you think of some ways like others?"<br />
<br />
“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
<br />
"Think of what?" The painter asked in amazement.<br />
<br />
“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合过得去……”<br />
<br />
"I don't ask for anything more." The wife said, "I mean, if possible, to make life at home barely get by..."<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head: "There is a way. But that would wreck my art!"<br />
<br />
妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题一搁,永远不再提起。<br />
<br />
The wife knew the weight of the word "art" in her husband's heart. The subject was put aside, and never mentioned again.<br />
<br />
兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥一顿饱一顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣服洗一洗吧。”<br />
<br />
Lanying was sick from exhaustion, tortured by the pain of lumbar spine strain, and sometimes had to stay in bed. Whenever it happened, the sky of the family collapsed and everything was in chaos. The whole family ate erratically; when the children's clothes were dirty, they didn’t have others to change; the sheets were splattered with the painter's oil, like a canvas of an abstract painter... As a medical worker, Lanying had minimum requirements for sanitation. She could not tolerate it anymore, lying in bed and commending the painter: "Wash the sheets and clothes today."<br />
<br />
“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干一场。<br />
<br />
"Okay." The husband obediently put down the brush and rolled up his sleeves as if he was about to get some things done.<br />
<br />
他把床单和衣服泡了满满一盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他一忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;一忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
<br />
He soaked a full tub of sheets and clothes. As he washed, his hands on the washboard slowed down, and his eyes rested on the opposite wall. There hung a new painting, with the oil not yet dry. One minute he tilted his head sideways, looking pleased with himself; the next he frowned, as if he had found something unsatisfactory.<br />
<br />
他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
<br />
He stood up sharply, wiped his soapy hands on his breast, took a brush, and jumped on the bench, making some changes on the painting.<br />
<br />
兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过一丝苦笑。<br />
<br />
Lanying lay on the bed, with a wry smile flitting across the corner of his mouth.<br />
<br />
画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
<br />
The painter jumped off the bench and went back to the washtub. After a while, he couldn't help looking up at the wall again...<br />
<br />
一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,一共跳了多少次?”<br />
<br />
The day passed. He finally finished washing a tub of clothes, taking more than seven hours on it, and did not have time to cook. The whole family was hungry. Lanying, angry and amused, asked humorously, "Hey, how many times did you jump up and down from the bench?"<br />
<br />
画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
<br />
The painter shook his head blankly.<br />
<br />
兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪——整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
<br />
Lanying said: "You do not remember. I counted it for you--twenty times! Oh, what am I gonna do about you? When doing housework, you are lazy than anyone; when picking up the brush, you are more diligent than anyone..."<br />
<br />
天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入睡;儿子一沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另一只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
<br />
It was dark, and snow fell heavily outside the window, like tearing the cotton wool. Lanying, looking at the ceiling, wasn’t able to sleep; as soon as her son touched the pillow, he fell into a sound and sweet sleep. In the other corner of the hut, under the dim light, the painter was rocking his daughter with one hand, while the other hand was holding a brush and painting. He hummed an improvised lullaby, the song echoing softly in the hut...<br />
<br />
漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
<br />
They spent many nights like this in the long winter.<br />
<br />
兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为一个正直的画家的妻子的全部甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
<br />
The husband’s humming rang in Lanying’s ears, and she silently sank in thought. When she first fell in love with him, she admired his integrity and loyalty to art. Now, she had experienced all the joys and sorrows of being the wife of an upright painter. He was content with being poor and lonely. He didn’t have a normal family life, couldn’t see the light at the end of the tunnel, only asking for work, not the harvest... Who but his wife really understood him? He not only was not understood by the society, but he was also identified as a bad man, with sticks always waving above his head. Whenever thinking of these, the pain of the poor couple's disharmony dissipated, and the wife's heart turned into a spring water, full of female tenderness.<br />
<br />
她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
<br />
She thought, if two people shared the housework, they would get nothing done. Even if she had a terrible backache tomorrow, she had to bite the bullet and get up, bearing the heavy load of housework...<br />
<br />
车轮下<br />
<br />
Under the Wheels<br />
<br />
袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng slept late at night and when he rubbed his eyes the next morning, it was already broad daylight outside the window. "Shit!" He dressed frantically, "I'll be late again..."<br />
<br />
兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为一家人做早饭。<br />
<br />
Lanying had already got up, enduring the back pain, and was making breakfast for the family.<br />
<br />
画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
<br />
The painter asked in amazement, "Who told you to get up? You are not well yet!"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺一躺。”画家匆匆吃过早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
<br />
Lanying said, "It's nothing, I'm still on sick leave anyway. I can still lie down after you leave." The painter hurriedly ate the breakfast, pushed the bicycle and rushed out the door.<br />
<br />
在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过一场大雪,北风一刮,马路上结着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, it was the season when dripping water turned into ice and the breath from the mouth immediately turned to frost. After a heavy snowfall, and when the north wind blew, the roads were thick with ice. The trees on the roadside were covered with silver flowers, and the buildings shone with a dazzling silver glow like a richly decorated jade palace.<br />
<br />
画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命 的时刻。<br />
<br />
The painter was very anxious. Early in the morning, for others was the beginning of the day's work, but for him was the continuation of the night's work. The turn of day and night was the moment when he was busy running around and exhausted.<br />
<br />
人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
<br />
How many ordeals there were in life! Social, natural and accidental...<br />
<br />
穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽听一阵隆隆的马达声。一辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
<br />
Through a street, there was a busy intersection ahead, cars running like the tide. He rode forward cautiously, and suddenly heard a rumble of motors. A reckless truck crossed the intersection, refusing to slow down, as if there was no one else there. <br />
With fast speed, slippery ground, and without preparation, the painter had been too late to dodge it. A crush with a sound of bang, the painter flew far away with the car and fell to the ground. Just then, another truck came from the opposite side, and the painter was passed under the wheels of the truck like a ball...<br />
<br />
街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
<br />
When the people in the street saw this scene of tragedy, they screamed and froze there.<br />
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卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
<br />
The truck driver lost his composure, forgetting to brake in the panic, and putting his right foot on the accelerator and drove on. The truck's big wheels ran over the bicycle, the steel frame uttered a short groan, and the bicycle seat was crushed into a ball. The truck kept going towards the painter.<br />
<br />
这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸口一轧,就算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
<br />
It was a moment of pain, a moment of approaching death. It was over. As soon as the car rolled over his chest, his life was over. He had suffered repeatedly on the road of life, and had never been willing to give in to the fate, but this time he was afraid that he would not be able to escape. He left his beloved art, his wife and children, and died meaninglessly...<br />
<br />
按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同情——预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头——抗争！<br />
<br />
According to Goethe, people could only have three feelings about their own sufferings and that of others: fear, terror and sympathy--the anxiety of foreseeing the coming catastrophe, the unexpected discovery of current suffering and the sympathy for the suffering of the time or the past. However, the painter, who fell under the wheel, had none of these three feelings in the hazy consciousness that flashed through his mind. Even at such a moment, he showed his stubborn character, and had only one strong thought--to struggle!<br />
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接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
<br />
What happened next was unbelievable to the startled roadside pedestrians. They saw the body that fell under the truck suddenly straightened up, stretching out a pair of arms, and clinging to the front bumper of the truck. The truck roared and shook, as if to destroy the barrier; the person under the wheels struggled, slid, and refused to give up. People in the streets of Changchun saw a scene of flesh and blood stubbornly fighting with the steel monster.<br />
<br />
“千万不能倒下！”画家想,“一倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
<br />
"I must not fall down!" The painter thought, "If I fall down, I'll never get up again..."<br />
<br />
卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
<br />
The truck dragged the painter along the icy road, for 5 meters, 10 meters... Until the driver regained his normal reflexes, he hit the brake, overcoming the car's inertia.<br />
<br />
画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
<br />
The painter was injured seriously and his clothes were torn into ragged strips. He was taken to the hospital.<br />
<br />
抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天才清醒过来。<br />
<br />
When Lanying, who was sick at home, heard the news, there was a buzz in her head, and she felt that the sky was spinning, and her legs went limp. It took her a long time to wake.<br />
<br />
兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾一切地赶到医院。存车的时候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙怎么也拔不出来。<br />
<br />
Lanying got on her bicycle and, not knowing where she got the strength, she rushed to the hospital regardless. When she stored the car, she lost strength again. She could hardly look at the hospital door, her hands were shaking, and she could not pull the key out.<br />
<br />
存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚才进医院的时候,自己还能走路。”<br />
<br />
The old lady at the parking lots recognized Lanying: "You are Yuan's lover, right? Don't be afraid. He just walked into the hospital by himself."<br />
<br />
兰英这才觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
<br />
Lanying felt relieved now.<br />
<br />
兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫妻双双躺在床上。<br />
<br />
Lanying took her husband home to recover from his injuries. After this mental stimulation, the sick wife’s body was heavier. Both the couple lay in bed.<br />
<br />
孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和女儿一人捧回一包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
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The child was left unattended. Lanying took out a few cents and asked the children to buy food. After a while, the son and daughter each brought back a packet of cookies, standing by the bed with tears in their eyes.<br />
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儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
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The son said, "Dad, eat this."<br />
<br />
女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
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The daughter said, "Daddy, eat mine."<br />
<br />
兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿......<br />
<br />
Lanying took the children into her arms, wiping away the tears on their little faces for both of them. The children understood the family situation and tasted the desolation and fears of life too soon. Lanying only regrated that she couldn’t have more money to give her husband and children a little spiritual and physical compensation...<br />
<br />
画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰问。他们留下一百块钱赔偿经济损失——画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
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While the painter was recovering from his injuries, the driver who caused the accident and the head of his unit came to his house to apologize and express sympathy. They left a hundred yuan to compensate for the economic loss--the painter's clothes, bicycle and medical expenses.<br />
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客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
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After the guests left, the painter sat on the bed, deep in thought.<br />
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兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看一眼也令人伤心。<br />
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Lanying looked at the pile of money and sighed sadly. Because her husband got it by escaping from death, she was sad even by glancing at it.<br />
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画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
<br />
The painter suddenly got out of bed and paced around the house.<br />
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“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, are you crazy?" His wife said with the tone of blame, "Your leg is not yet healed. Back to bed!"<br />
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画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民——我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去！”<br />
<br />
The painter walked up to his wife, his eyes shining with excitement, "Look, I can walk! You know, I haven't gone out to paint for a long time, because I don't have that condition. How I long for the grassland in northern Shaanxi, the rushing Yellow River, and the people there--I'll take this money and go to Yan'an to paint from life!"<br />
<br />
这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是一个贫病交困的人的最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对一些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那样遥远,拼着性命才能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
<br />
This was the voice in the heart of the artist who just got up from under the wheel! This was the highest hope of a poor and sick man! His request was so limited, which didn’t matter to some people, but was so far away for him, who needed to fight for it with his life. Lanying felt like her chest was hit hard, with her heart burning, and ran out of words. She looked at her husband's sincere face, and understood it. Now that it could bring joy and satisfaction to him who longed to paint, then let him go.<br />
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数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
<br />
A few days later, Yuan Yunsheng, dragging his unhealed body, carrying a heavy pack and painting tools, set off on a snowy and windy road with his wife's affectionate gaze...<br />
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袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng went through difficulties on the trip to northern Shaanxi. As months went by, his face was engraved with the marks of the plateau sun and sandstorms, and he returned home with his bag full of sketches.<br />
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袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,一举一动都受到街道居委会的监视。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing, he went to see Jiang Feng. At that time, the air in Beijing was suffocating. Jiang Feng was over 60 years old, whose situation was even worse than before. He lived alone in a messy compound, and his every move was monitored by the street committee.<br />
<br />
袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没有什么值得高兴的——中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路线走一遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng sat in front of the past the secretary of the Party Committee, bringing recent news of the old areas of northern Shaanxi. The news was nothing to cheer about--the People's Republic of China had been founded for more than twenty years, and everywhere he went along the route of the Red Army’s strategic shift, the people were still living in poverty. The young painter declaimed against the country’s failings, but suddenly thought that the walls have ears, and worried about the situation of the old man, so he dropped the subject and quietly looked at Jiang Feng.<br />
<br />
江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上挂着一幅画框,嵌着一张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng listened peacefully, looking calm, and had not intention of stopping him. On the wall behind him hung a framed sketch, which was exactly the one that Yuan Yunsheng painted for Jiang Feng in the Shuangqiao farm ten years ago. The old man maintained his inherent dignity as usual, and was a true tough man. Yuan Yunsheng experienced once again the spiritual power that calmed people down.<br />
<br />
袁运生打开画夹,把一组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng opened the portfolio and placed a group of sketches of people in northern Shaanxi in front of Jiang Feng, including a shepherd with a wrinkled face, a young people with a cold gaze showing disdain for everything, and a rural girl with her head bowed in contemplation... These characters were real and simple, with distinctive characters, and the unprovoked, unintelligible or artificial smiles that often appeared in general paintings could not be found on their faces. He painted the unique temperament of the people in northern Shaanxi.<br />
<br />
“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
<br />
"No one will publish these pictures if you take them out now." Jiang Feng said, "Maybe if you lose sincerity, you will get praise. But I think you are on the right way. The artist can't cater to the mass!"<br />
<br />
袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手一丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out another long scroll of landscape, 68 centimeters wide and more than 400 centimeters long. This painting depicted the lofty Jiaji Pagoda, the flowing water of the Yellow River that broke the ice, and the vast plateau scenery. It took him two whole days to stand in the cold wind and meticulously paint it with his frozen hands, and the strokes were rigorous and majestic.<br />
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画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于1974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
<br />
In one corner of the picture were noted a few lines of small characters: "Written two days after painting at the end of December 1974, when the Yellow River water just broke the ice and flowed on."<br />
<br />
江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他说:“呵,黄河!一泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声音……"<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng extremely liked it after looking at it. The familiar scenery in northern Shaanxi in the picture evoked the strong feelings of the veteran of Yan’an. He said, "Oh, Yellow River! Flowing down vigorously, rushing and surging, and stirring up lofty high raging waves. I seem to hear its voice again..."<br />
<br />
春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了!<br />
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The day finally came like the spring water breaking through the ice and fire erupting from the heart of the earth!<br />
<br />
担担画<br />
<br />
Shoulder Pole Painting<br />
<br />
“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
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When the "Gang of Four" disappeared from political life, the art world burst into life.<br />
<br />
美术界一些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头角,施展才华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是一个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。这个磨砺精深的艺术家，就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
<br />
Some upright men in the art world sympathized with Yuan Yunsheng, whose talent had been buried for many years, and hoped that he could show his talent again. Zhang Ding, the president of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, wrote specially to recommend him to paint. Fei Zheng, who was now the vice chairman of the Hebei Art Association, also made an effort to help him. However, all these efforts were mildly rebuffed and turned back by various excuses. It was clear that Yuan Yunsheng's name was still an ominous thing, subject to indifference and discrimination. This artist with superb painting skills did not even have the opportunity to draw a comic book.<br />
<br />
乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
<br />
Even when it's warmer there is still a chill. It is most difficult to keep well.<br />
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在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,一头不驯服的长发如垂下万根烦恼丝 。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
<br />
In his humble room in Changchun, Yuan Yunsheng was drawing a portrait of himself with a brush in his hand in front of a mirror. A head full of sadness appeared on the sketch, with deep creases, a weed-like beard, and long untamed hair such as hanging down ten thousand trouble silk. His hair was very long and he didn’t have time to care about it, so rarely trimmed it. This appearance, from the personality of the art, matched the painter's difficult state of mind and stubborn temperament... He was nearly forty years old. Since the criticism of ''Memory of the Water Town'', he had not painted a picture according to his own will for more than ten years. How could it not make him have thousands of trouble silk!<br />
<br />
他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
<br />
He threw down his paintbrush irritably and picked up a novel to kill time.<br />
<br />
兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
<br />
Every time Lanying returned home, she always asked with concern, "Yunsheng, have you got any news?"<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head, and the wife sighed.<br />
<br />
兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
<br />
Lanying was already a middle-aged woman. She gave birth to a third child and shouldered the burden of a family of five. On the family agenda, Lanying's main concern was still her husband's art. Art brought joy to her husband, and his joy was her joy. She also waited with the same anxiety.<br />
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1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
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In May 1978, the enthusiastic efforts of a few friends finally paid off, and Yuan Yunsheng got a chance to go out sketching in the beautiful Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province.<br />
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他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了妻子,全家人像过节一样快乐。<br />
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When he received the telegram from Yunnan People's Publishing House, he was ecstatically happy. He immediately told his wife this excellent thing and the whole family was happy just like at a festival.<br />
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儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
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His son asked curiously, "Dad, what does Xishuangbanna look like?"<br />
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“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
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"Beautiful!" He said with a smile, "I'll show you the picture I paint when I came back."<br />
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女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
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His daughter tugged at his coat: "Dad, what good things are there in Xishuangbanna?"<br />
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“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
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"There’s a lot of fruit." He stroked his daughter's head, "I'll buy some for you to eat."<br />
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他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
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He was busy packing and organizing his painting tools, making a big mess, and he could not wait to start on his way.<br />
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兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
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When Lanying looked at the things spread all over the floor and asked in amazement: "Why do you bring so many things?"<br />
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丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注一掷了!”<br />
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Her husband said, "It's a rare opportunity, so I need to go for broke!"<br />
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是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使一颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴一样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
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Yes, this painter had been treated coldly for many years. If you think about his action of picking himself up from under the wheel and going to northern Shaanxi that year, you can understand his feelings at this moment. He was eager to go deeply into life and considered it more important than life. Now, a publishing unit sent a formal invitation to him, which made the heart of a man who was loyal to art ablaze like dry firewood.<br />
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晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,一针针,一线线,直缝到天色薄明。<br />
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In the evening, Lanying found some old cloth and sewed a backpack for her husband under the lamp, needle by needle, thread by thread, until the break of dawn.<br />
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“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
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"How long will you go this time?" Lanying asked.<br />
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“三个月吧。”画家说,“你一个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
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"About three months." The painter said, "Can you take after three children alone?"<br />
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妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
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The wife smiled: "I'm satisfied that you can think of my difficulties..."<br />
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这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府——景洪。他被西双版纳惊人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁着珠光宝气。<br />
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In May of that year, Yuan arrived at Jinghong, the capital of Xishuangbanna, on the banks of the Lancang River. He was deeply shocked by the amazing beauty of Xishuangbanna. When he looked up, everywhere was rich green, and everywhere was picturesque. <br />
The forest was as green as emerald, the valley was like being paved with green velvet, the river was like flowing congealed fat, and the moist air also felt like crystal. No wonder the Dai people compared Xishuangbanna to a shining jewel. The mountains and waters here were glittering with pearls.<br />
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有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
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Who could feel the beauty of life better than a painter? There were so many beautiful sceneries, as if he came to the paradise in hope. The creator of nature seemed to have a special love for this land and poured out the romantic colors of the world everywhere, so that he feasted his eyes on it and he was ecstatic!<br />
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他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地 。招待所的服务人员很有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进一间中等客房。<br />
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He checked in the Jinghong hostel and took a break, preparing to go deeper into the Xishuangbanna. The hostel staff received the painter politely, leading him into a moderate room.<br />
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画家开口就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
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The painter asked, "How much does this room cost for one day?"<br />
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服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
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The staff said, "Two yuan and a half."<br />
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“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
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"Is there any room cheaper?"<br />
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“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
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"There is one for seventy dimes a day."<br />
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“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
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"Good! I’ll check in this room."<br />
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他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下一步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
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He was used to being careful with his money. When he left Changchun, he borrowed a limited amount of money from his unit. He spent a large part of it in the road, and the next economic source was still unknown... The painter plunged into the thick of life and everyone lived well, but he was willing to live in the bottom.<br />
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幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
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Fortunately, Fei Zheng supported him again, sending him 300 yuan from Hebei. This was three-quarters of Fei Zheng's demobilization fee. This timely and generous support gave Yuan Yunsheng the courage to move forward.<br />
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云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
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The Yunnan People's Publishing House assigned a young editor to accompany Yuan Yunsheng to paint. When the Dai boy came to meet him at the hostel, the painter took out everything he had brought from Changchun.<br />
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好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有140多斤重。小伙子看了直抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
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My goodness! The big wooden box contained 18 pieces of plywood, several big bundles of manuscript paper, and a backpack as big as a sack, which was stuffed with pigments, painting tools and daily necessities... They weighed more than 140 pounds altogether. The young man scratched the back of his head after looking at them. He couldn’t imagine how the painter carried them off the train and took them into the dense forests of Xishuangbanna?<br />
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袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
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Yuan Yunsheng took out a shoulder pole, smiling at the young man.<br />
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瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
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Look how proud he was, as if he wanted to take the natural scenery of Xishuangbanna into his bag. A few days later, he picked this bent shoulder pole, into the lush subtropical jungle...<br />
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奏鸣曲<br />
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Sonata<br />
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瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
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Look, that was the big banyan tree! Its crown was like clouds that could shelter against the sun, as a solemn and benevolent old grandmother.<br />
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呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
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Ah, that was the areca nut tree, straight and tall, and the local young men and women used it to symbolize everlasting love.<br />
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那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝一样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
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That was the sandalwood tree, whose branches and leaves were as thin as hair. It looked so dashing, like a poet reciting poetry with his hair hanging down.<br />
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就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
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Even the bamboo forest here was different. It was luxuriant and verdant, growing in clusters, like a peacock showing its tail.<br />
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西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在一棵树前,一画就是一整天。<br />
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The plants in Xishuangbanna were the most beautiful! The abundant sunshine and humid climate gave the plant population a particularly rich, dense, and graceful image. The world here was unparalleled, and was looked full of beautiful things. The painter had to suppress his excitement, to gather his feelings and to retain his feelings more precisely in a slower way. He stood in front of a tree and painte all day.<br />
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“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
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"Hey, what kind of tree is that?" The painter asked his fellow editor.<br />
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“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
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"It's called the pattra-leaf tree." The young man enthusiastically introduced, "The Dai people use its leaves instead of paper, and many ancient folklores are recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra."<br />
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袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。每一笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理睬......<br />
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Yuan Yunsheng spread out the paper and painted the unique canopies of the pattra-leaf tree, which were in order, as if the tree wore an armor made of metal chains. Each brush stroke played its role, showing the vitality of green life in layers on the paper. The tropical sun was shooting flames above the painter's head, and it was very hot that beads of sweat oozed from his head. Swarms of insects flew out of the grass and could not be driven away. His legs were red and felt itchy from being bitten. He shook his head helplessly and simply ignored them...<br />
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中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来才深有感受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
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At noon, the young man brought two glutinous rice cakes and thrust them into the painter's hand: "I deeply feel that painting is really a hard job when I come out with you."<br />
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画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在一起的......”<br />
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The painter said with a smile, "Beauty and bitter are always linked together..."<br />
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他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
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They had been staying in a Dai family's bamboo hut. The painter got to know the customs of this warm and kind ethnic group from the perspective of daily life.<br />
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每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
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Every day after dinner, the painter came out of the bamboo hut and went to the forest glade. This was the most charming moment in Xishuangbanna. The sunset glow tinted the village, the treetops, and the water of Lancang River red. A group of Dai girls came slowly, carrying small spinning wheels on their shoulders, small lanterns in their hands, and their tight and floor-length dresses swaying with the wind. They were so slender, so light on their feet, and so graceful, as if a group of beautiful fairies had descended from the sky.<br />
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“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露一截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后一盘,自然地溜向一边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
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"So beautiful!" The painter expressed his feeling to the companion, "Look, those girls' girdles, golden and silver, are like exquisite crafts. But I will never paint their girdles, which will separate the body and destroy the integrity of it. I prefer their natural dressing. See, those girls' dressing is very natural. Their jackets are short, their skirts are long, and a part of the waist is exposed between the jacket and the skirt, which is a high level of aesthetic point of view, making them look slim and tall, pavilion... And look at their hairstyle, tying the hair into a bun, which is naturally slipped to one side. It has got a real Tang style! This ethnic group is amazing. They know best the beauty of details..."<br />
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少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来一阵阵悠扬的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
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The girls dispersed to all corners of the forest glade. Small groups of boys came out of nowhere, and gathered around the girls, talking and laughing. Through the twilight, an orange lantern was lit, and there came the sound of spinning wheels. Dai women had known since childhood not to rely on their parents but to rely on hard-working hands to prepare their own dowry. They were weaving happy love.<br />
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诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就在苦苦思索一个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
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The poetic atmosphere of the southern border was knocking on the window of the artist's inspiration. Whenever such a moment came, Yuan Yunsheng was thinking hard about a question: What was the master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna?<br />
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美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
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Was beauty in your colorful appearance and jewelry with pearls and jades? Painted your face, but could not paint your unique charm; collapsed at your feet, only acting as a servant of the naturalism.<br />
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面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我感受却不尽相同。一百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,一百种不同的表现方法。<br />
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Faced with the same object, the images on different painters’ retinas were the same; however, their own feelings were not the same. A hundred painters could have a hundred different answers, and a hundred different methods of expression.<br />
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艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。 <br />
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Art was valued for having a "self". He was looking for “his” own Xishuangbanna.<br />
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从夏末到中秋,他在一串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勐定的一个偏僻的小村寨。<br />
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From late summer to mid-autumn, he left his footprints in a string of pearl-like place names, and then came to a small remote village in Mengding.<br />
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这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本寨的荣耀。<br />
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The painter's visit caused a sensation in the small cottage, where apparently few guests had visited. During the evening meeting, the whole village cast warm and curious glances at him with laughter and noise, as if his arrival was an honor for the village.<br />
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同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无力同病魔斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是“鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者一商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
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The fellow editor told him that the village was called "Ghost Village". Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Dai people could not fight against illnesses. If someone was ill, it was said that he was possessed by a "ghost". When someone in the same village was pointed out to be the incarnation of the "ghost", several "respected" elders would immediately drive him out after discussion. Over time, those who were driven out formed a village, gathering a group of people who were discriminated against.<br />
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“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的一瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
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The sufferings of the people in the "ghost village" drew the deep sympathy of the painter. The painter cast a friendly glance at them and found that the people here had beautiful looks. If the Dai ethnic group was a beautiful ethnic group, this village was the essence of beauty. The girls like flowers, the charming women, the sturdy young men, all of whom were happy to accept the painter's request to make a sketch of themselves. Later, they simply came to the painter's home and stood in front of him with good grace, hoping to attract his attention. The painter was so busy that he waved his hand without a break. They loved beauty by nature and were proud of it.<br />
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小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在一起进餐,然后由男方挑着担子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像一泓溪水那样清澈。<br />
<br />
Life in the small village was calm and quiet. The painter lived for many days and he didn't hear of any family quarrel. Men and women were financially independent of each other, and earned income, daily necessities, and working tools were clearly divided. When there were rifts in a family, the woman usually proposed to move away. The whole family sat quietly together for a meal before her departure, and then the man carried the pole to see her off. They treated each other with respect. The old and young were in harmony with each other. The young generation respected the elders and served them with courtesy; the elders took care of the younger generation, but never rigidly restrain them... What a simple relationship between them! It was not polluted by the secular society, as clear as a stream.<br />
<br />
一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
<br />
After a day’s work, the young men and women danced the Elach on the green grass. Joyful drumbeats and the crisp sound of gongs created a distinctive rhythm. The girls formed a queue, stepping gracefully and stretching their soft arms. They had reserved and self-respecting looks with a solemn yearning in the haze. What were they yearning for?<br />
<br />
这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在古老的贝叶经里的传说——从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑娘们生出一计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头一沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
<br />
This was a common dance in the Water-Sprinkling Festival. The Dai editor who accompanied the painter told the painter a legend recorded in the ancient the Pattra-leaf Sutra--once upon a time there was an ugly demon Lord who wanted to take the beautiful girls from each village for himself. He plundered six girls and wanted to take the seventh one, which was hated by the Dai people. The girls came up with a plan to get him drunk and asked him, "What are you most afraid of?" The devil said that he was afraid of nothing. He could only be strangled with his hair, but he could be reborn when his head touched the ground... The girls strangled his head while he was drunk. In order to keep his head from touching the ground, the girls took turns to hold his head in their hands. The annual Water-Sprinkling Festival was to celebrate the people's victory over devilry and to wash away the dirty stains left behind by the demon Lord, so that the spring of freedom and happiness was always in the hearts of the Dai people...<br />
<br />
晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
<br />
At night, the painter returned to the bamboo hut. The moonlight was bright and the shadow of trees was dancing, like flowing mercury pouring in front of the door. On this silent night, he could not sleep for a long time.<br />
<br />
广为流传的神话传说,往往是一个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑海里汇集,逐渐熔化为一团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西双版纳。这是一个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条——单纯与丰富高度和谐地统一!<br />
<br />
Widespread myths and legends were often the windows to the mind of an ethnic group. The story about the origin of the Water-Sprinkling Festival deepened the painter's understanding of this ethnic group who loved beauty. Since he set foot on the land of Xishuangbanna, the mountains, rivers, forests, people and landscapes he saw were like countless colorful light spots, whirling and flickering, gathering in his mind, and gradually melting into a bright flame, which rose from the canopy of thinking. Oh! The master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna, wasn’t the spiritual power of the Dai people to worship a better future and great love? Their hearts were so clean that they always kept their ethnic group’s nature of purity. So, the colorful and vibrant plants, and the natural and simple Dai women with their unique beauty constituted the painter’s general image of Xishuangbanna: "my" own Xishuangbanna. This was a world of lines, soft and elastic lines, unrestrained and smooth lines, upright and beautiful lines, and also tangled and slow lines like gossamers--simplicity and richness were highly harmonious!<br />
<br />
他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的一组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
<br />
He waved lines and made hundreds of line-drawing paintings. If the heavy color painting was compared to the symphony, the line drawing was the solo of lines. Yuan Yunsheng's artistic style, which was formed through years of honing, showed a fantastic charm in the solo of lines. It was a set of passionate sonatas that he dedicated to the Dai people with sincere feelings.<br />
<br />
昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
<br />
Kunming held an exhibition for Yuan Yunsheng. His paintings were delivered to the Yunnan People's Publishing House for selection and editing. The foreword written for him by the editor Liu Shaohui began with a few lines from the Dai folk narrative poem ''The Gourd Letter''.<br />
<br />
公主啊!<br />
<br />
O Princess!<br />
<br />
你是一颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
<br />
You are a brilliant jewel,<br />
<br />
但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
<br />
I wish I were a silversmith,<br />
<br />
把宝石镶在我的心上......<br />
<br />
Setting the jewel in my heart...<br />
<br />
他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
<br />
He praised Yuan Yunsheng for setting the "jewel" of Xishuangbanna in his heart.<br />
<br />
二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
<br />
For more than twenty years, it was the first time Yuan Yunsheng heard an affirmation of his art.<br />
<br />
袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
<br />
During his stay in Yunnan, Yuan Yunsheng constantly received letters from his wife, who told him they were safe.<br />
<br />
兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
<br />
What Lanying said in the letter made the painter felt like drinking a glass of sweet spring water, cool and delicious, soothing and cheerful when he read each letter. At the end of his wife's letters, there were always these lines: "Don't worry about the family. Paint your paintings, and if you can't finish them, you don't have to hurry back..."<br />
<br />
画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
<br />
The painter smiled with relief. During his busy days in Xishuangbanna, his main worry was "the fire in the backyard", but his wife's letter lifted his worries.<br />
<br />
其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
<br />
In fact, it was an eventful year. A wind of earthquakes blew in Changchun, and the whole city was in a panic. People were busy building quake-proof shelters, moving things, and transferring to shelters.<br />
<br />
画家在长春的一个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁愕然了。<br />
<br />
A friend of the painter in Changchun, thinking of the painter's wife and children, rushed to their home to visit. He was stunned.<br />
<br />
这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出一个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗震棚挪动着……<br />
<br />
The humble room was as it had been, and the furniture and sundries were not organized. The children were playing with their heads down. Lanying, bending over and sweating, dragged out a heavy wooden box full of the painter's paintings from the house, and moved it to the nearby quake-proof shelter...<br />
<br />
显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
<br />
Obviously, this was the most precious thing in the heart of the painter's wife. She knew the painter's hardship best, understanding the value of art from the hardships of it.<br />
<br />
朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道。<br />
<br />
The friend's heart trembled with excitement. Lanying still did not tell her husband about this. If his friend had not later recounted the scene he saw, he would never have known.<br />
<br />
壁画之梦 <br />
<br />
The Dream of Murals<br />
<br />
不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。 <br />
<br />
At some point, through the glass window covered with ice flowers, a hazy blue light came in, like a fairy stretching out her white arms and lifting the veil as soft as a dream.<br />
<br />
屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀一样扑朔不定。 <br />
<br />
The room seemed bright and dim, with faint yellow glow of the electric light and murky air around, and the glow fluttered in a haze of smoke like wings.<br />
<br />
他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。 <br />
<br />
He wagged his head vigorously, and rubbed his eyes. The paintings on the table turned into a white mist, rising and spreading. Everything was blurred.<br />
<br />
他搞不清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里…… <br />
<br />
He didn’t know whether he was awake at the moment, or vaguely in a dream...<br />
<br />
昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。一抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从梦境回到了现实的世界。 <br />
<br />
Last night he slept too late and smoked too much. Or rather, he didn't sleep, just lying next to the messy paintings and ashtray full of cigarette butts on the table for a while. When he looked up, it was dawn. The first ray of morning sunlight caressed the buildings in the suburbs of Beijing. He pushed the window open, and let the cold morning breeze chase away the fatigue of the night. He went back from the dream to the real world.<br />
<br />
这是1979年1月,在北京白家庄。 <br />
<br />
It was January 1979, in Baijiazhuang, Beijing.<br />
<br />
袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和工艺美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得到了推荐,也在被邀请之列。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing on his way home from a six-month-long trip to Yunnan. A great joy forced him to stay in Beijing. At that time, the new terminal building of Capital Airport was like a magnificent crystal palace going up in the eastern suburbs of Beijing, equipped with the world's most advanced technology. The spacious and comfortable departure lounges and restaurants, automatic doors, baggage carousels, weight scales with electronic digital display, special quartz clocks made by Seikosha, high-efficiency indoor air conditioning devices, precise navigation and communication systems... They constituted the magnificent air gateway of the capital, whose degree of modernization was unparalleled in China. In today's world, modern architectural design was integrated with exquisite art decoration, and the ancient mural art was revived, accommodating with the development of construction industry based on new industrial technology. People in charge of the capital airport were managers of the new enterprise indeed. They invited more than fifty excellent artists as well as arts and crafts workers, led by Zhang Ding, the dean of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, to create a large modern murals for the terminal building. Yuan Yunsheng, who had been silent for more than two decades, was lucky enough to be recommended and was among the invitees.<br />
<br />
随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使一些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单一些,拿他的话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。” <br />
<br />
With the opening of a crack in the window of ideological liberation in early 1979, the close relationship between literature and art and politics, which was very hot, was gradually adjusted over the years, making some artists calm down. They reconsidered the old and difficult proposition of the relationship between literature and art and politics, and denied the claim that literature and art was subordinate to politics. Their intentions were kind and peaceful, unwilling to use the arrow of art to touch sensitive political issues to avoid being blamed for something other than art; at the same time, they hoped to escape from the influence of the wind change and maintain the relative stability of the range of art, without rising or falling like a floating feather. But Yuan Yunsheng thought more simply, in his words, "Art is art, which needs to be sincere."<br />
<br />
袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节——生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻辑和客观条件应运而生的。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng's large mural design ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', was born based on this simple logic and objective conditions.<br />
<br />
候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的一块地方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴的哲理。他决定抦弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。” <br />
<br />
A large wall of the passenger’s dining room in the terminal, together with a corner, was given to him. What a big space! He stood before the white wall, astonished and delighted, wanting to pour out all the words in the heart to this wall. Artistic creation always spared no effort without reservation to present the most beautiful part of the artist's feelings of the mind. For more than twenty years, the language of art and life he had accumulated resounded in his heart like a surging river, and the unforgettable impression he had from his trip to Xishuangbanna was the climax of the good things and the leaping wave of his whole life experience. At that time, the only subject he thought of was the Water-Splashing Festival. The myths and legends he heard, recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra condensed the emotions like flames, the free imagination and the clear and pure philosophy of the tropical ethnic group. He decided to abandon the conception of genre and narrative paintings and used the lines he had practiced over the years to express the people's desire for a future of freedom and happiness. He said, “It is a pleasant surprise for me to paint a mural praising the spirit and sentiment of the Dai people on a huge wall with 27 meters wide and 3.4 meters high."<br />
<br />
主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知命运如何? <br />
<br />
Artists who advocated art for the sake of politics could also attribute this subject to politics. However, this idea, after all, left the specific political context and contained the deeper and more distant time and space as well as timeless themes. If it was in the past, such an artistic conception would have been intervened by politics and would have been accused of rebelling against orthodoxy. What was his fate this time?<br />
<br />
袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng's brother, Yuan Yunfu, gave him a room in his apartment in Baijiazhuang, which was both a bedroom and a studio. However, the small bed was rarely used. He spread out his sketch and entered a dream, a dream of flowing lines and beautiful colors...<br />
<br />
在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统一。那座大门却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门搏斗,一支接一支地吸烟,一张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。 <br />
<br />
In the dream of art, there were also untold troubles. Apart from anything else, the door in the wall of the dining room was annoying. Originally, the artistic language of mural should be harmonized with the artistic language of architecture. The door, however, divided the wall and become an obstacle to the artistic conception. He spent the whole night fighting with the annoying door, smoking one cigarette after another, and drawing one sketch after another. His brother lived in the room opposite to his room, who could see the light coming from the crack of the door all night long, and the smell of smoke wafted up. And his energy, effort and life were consumed in the light blue smoke. The next day when the door was opened, his face was pale.<br />
<br />
“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。 <br />
<br />
"How can your body stand it!" Yuan Yunfu said.<br />
<br />
“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……” <br />
<br />
"It's doesn't matter." He smiled faintly, "I get used to it..."<br />
<br />
在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出一股韧性。为了重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟此时的心情。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of the elder brother, his younger brother was a completely different people than before. On the night more than twenty years ago, when Yuan Yunsheng told his brother that he was classified as a "rightist” in the same room, his round face was full of innocence, as if he was telling a light anecdote. Now, that face had experienced the hardships and troubles of life, stumbling on the rugged road, and had become angular with a stern look, revealing a resilience. In order to regain this opportunity to create in Beijing, what a price he had to pay! Yuan Yunfu understood his brother's feelings at this time.<br />
<br />
整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法——“拱桥的两头很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》） <br />
<br />
All day long, Yuan Yunsheng locked himself in his room and had a dream of mural. He was inspired by the familar principle of the arch bridge in the suburbs of Suzhou, and found a way to cross the gate -- “The two ends of the arch bridge are very heavy, holding the towering and thin top. It is stable in mechanics, and how beautiful the curve like the rainbow is! The idea of constructing a rainbow of people with the activities of the Dai people is fascinating..." (quoted in ''Art Research'', Issue 1, 1980, Yuan Yunsheng: ''The Dream of Murals'')<br />
<br />
实现这个迷人的想法,真是一项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每一个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了…… <br />
<br />
It was a huge project to realize this fascinating idea. The splendid and colorful images of the Water-Splashing Festival came to his eyes: carrying water, sharing water, splashing water, dancing, boat racing, bathing at night, the quiet family life in the bamboo house of the Dai people and the young men and women who didn’t want to leave with each other in the jungle after dusk... Hundreds of characters appeared under his brush, and each of them was vivid and true. At the same time, it was decorative, exaggerated, personalized, and full of lyricism. The sketch was longer and longer, and the crowds like the rainbow were stretching out. The painter, who was immersed in the frenzy of his creation, seemed to be accompanied by music in his ears. He grasped the brush as if grasping the baton of the symphony orchestra, to express the shifts of melody and rhythm through the flowing lines, and the solemn, fervent and tenaciously upward theme song gradually rose up...<br />
<br />
又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还有灯光。 <br />
<br />
It was another early morning that Yuan Yunfu, who lived in the opposite room, woke up from his sleep and saw the light under the door of his brother’s room.<br />
<br />
这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunfu was also very tired these days. He also participated in the creation of murals at the Capital Airport, painting the first draft of ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan''. If he was exploring the path of art with his experience and artistic accomplishment, his brother was sprinting with his life. Half a month passed, in fifteen days and nights, the light in the opposite room did not go out. What an amazing perseverance! Even the golden stone should cry for his sincerity of the art... <br />
<br />
对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀! <br />
<br />
A light blue smoke was coming from the opposite room with a heavy coughing sound, each hoarser than the last. However, he was still painting, and still smoking incessantly. The coughing sound could be heard without end, and it was heart-wrenching to hear it in the silence before dawn. He was destroying the foundation of his health to build a spiritual building, and the lines on the sketch were clearly the blood streak of life!<br />
<br />
天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休息几天,回长春去过年吧。” <br />
<br />
After dawn, Yuan Yunfu said to his brother, "You probably forget that the day after tomorrow is Lunar New Year's Eve. I advise you to take a few days off and go back to Changchun for the New Year."<br />
<br />
袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用。第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制。” <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng shook his head, “I don’t have enough time. Although the second draft was drawn, but I haven’t had time to copy it."<br />
<br />
“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。” <br />
<br />
"You don’t care about your own body, but you have to think about Lanying.” His brother said. "You have been away from Changchun for more than six months. It is unreasonable for you not to go back for the Spring Festival."<br />
<br />
提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能在家待几天?” <br />
<br />
When it came to Lanying, Yuan Yunsheng was no longer obstinate. On New Year's Eve, he rushed back to Changchun. Lanying asked him, "How many days can you stay at home this time?"<br />
<br />
画家说:“春节一过,还得讨论画稿。这一稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "After the New Year, I still have to discuss the drafts. I have not made a copy of this one yet, so I brought it back home."<br />
<br />
兰英叹了一口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……” <br />
<br />
Lanying sighed, "So, even in the Spring Festival, you still can’t have a good rest..."<br />
<br />
画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "It's not difficult to copy, but it takes time."<br />
<br />
兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?” <br />
<br />
Lanying thought about it, "Well, can I help you?"<br />
<br />
画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。 <br />
<br />
The painter looked at his wife with affection and nodded.<br />
<br />
这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下一个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹…… <br />
<br />
This was the first time that Lanying was directly involved in her husband's artistic creation. At night, they turned on the lamp, set up a glass plate, laid out a translucent copy paper, and copied the painting of the Water-Splashing Festival together. This work, which celebrated the Dai people, also left traces of a Han woman's feelings...<br />
<br />
从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
<br />
From the first to the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, they spent their time in this way. Lanying and the painter stayed up late together.<br />
<br />
忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴云笼罩着...... <br />
<br />
The busy painter did not even notice that Lanying's thin face was more withered, covered by the heavy cloud of illness...<br />
<br />
牛皮纸 <br />
<br />
Kraft Paper<br />
<br />
春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。 <br />
<br />
Just after the Spring Festival, Yuan Yunsheng returned to Beijing with the colored design.<br />
<br />
绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
<br />
Preparations for the mural painting were under way intensely. In order to get the best artistic effect, Capital Airport imported a batch of acrylic paints from Hong Kong. This was a new painting material popular in Europe, America and Japan in recent years. It had bright and soft color, strong covering power, and was suitable for multi-layered sfumato and foil, and maintained the stability of the color of the painting for a long time under various conditions of wetting, drying, hot and cold.<br />
<br />
参加《泼水节——生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
<br />
Lian Weiyun and Fei Zheng, two collaborators who participated in the painting of ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', also arrived in succession. They were both accomplished middle-aged artists. After looking Yuan Yunsheng's design, they were impressed by the charm of the combination of traditional techniques of Chinese painting and western modern art, and were interested in it and eager to have a try.<br />
<br />
脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。 <br />
<br />
The scaffolding was set up and the walls were covered with solid backing cloth. Everything was ready and it was early summer. One day in June, Lanying came to Beijing from Changchun.<br />
<br />
兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的一次妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。 <br />
<br />
This time, Lanying made a special trip to Beijing to see a doctor. In fact, her condition had already been discovered. In a gynecological examination before the Spring Festival, the doctor felt an obvious foreign body in the uterus. Because her husband was away and she needed to take care of the children, her illness had not been treated. Recently, due to the rapid aggravation of her condition, she had to go to a large hospital in Beijing for a diagnosis.<br />
<br />
在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻待在一起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮工。 <br />
<br />
While waiting to see a doctor, Lanying and her husband stayed in a newly built hotel for international flight crews at the Capital Airport. The room was small but comfortable with spring beds, a bathroom, and shutters in the ceiling also indicated that there was air-conditioning equipment. Since her marriage, Lanying had never lived in such a high-class accommodation with her husband. However, the time the couple spent together was still limited. Every day, when the first purple rays of the morning sun came in through the curtains, Yuan Yunsheng turned over and got up, hurriedly wipded the face. The sound of rushing away footsteps could be heard in the corridor. After a busy day, it was already late at night when he returned, covered in sweat and paint, like a house repairman who had just climbed down from the scaffolding.<br />
<br />
好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是出乎意料的,几个月以前的一小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到癌——恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢? <br />
<br />
Finally, it was the day of diagnosis. When Lanying got the diagnosis, moving tired steps out of the hospital, she felt her body and mind sinking downward, as if sinking into a bottomless abyss. The rate of the development of the disease was unexpected, a small foreign body a few months ago had grown into a big lump. Lanying herself was a surgeon, with professional knowledge and clinical experience, who understood the seriousness in the rate of deterioration of the disease. She thought about cancer--malignant cells tended to cause malformed expansion, while benign tumors were relatively steady; if it was not cancer, it was just a fluke. She walked slowly, and her mind was empty, the grey mist floating and sparks of consciousness flickering on and off. She felt painfully, intuitively, that the defenses of her health had been destroyed by everyday’s pressure because of excessive worry and fatigue from chores over the years. Did her lover, her children and everything in the future still belong to her?<br />
<br />
她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了候机大楼,站在脚手架旁…… <br />
<br />
She went back to the airport. The painter could not be found at the accommodation during the day. She stepped across the long asphalt road, entered the terminal building, and stood by the scaffolding...<br />
<br />
大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着一场真正的建设——脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。 <br />
<br />
The lobby was spacious and solemn. The new glass windows reflected the blue sky, and the abundant light rushed in and then spread out, softly scattering on the four walls. Here, in the heat of June, there was a real construction going on--the huge structure of scaffolding climbing up to the roof; on the ground, brushes, palettes and paint buckets were piled up haphazardly, showing how busy the art site was.<br />
<br />
兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在…… <br />
<br />
Lanying looked up and found her husband's figure on the scaffolding. He bent over, holding a brush in his hand, sketching on the wall. His long black hair hang down from his forehead, swinging ceaselessly in the air with his body, as if a cellist holding the bowstring was absorbed in the enchanting music he was playing, and the world around him no longer existed...<br />
<br />
兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,一个艺术赤子的オ华、智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。 <br />
<br />
Lanying stood there dumbfounded. Here and now, perhaps only she could deeply understand her husband's state of mind. From the tiny world of that humble room in Changchun to this grand and spacious lobby, the talents, wisdom and suppressed ambition of a man who was loyal to art broke away from all fetters and poured out. He even wanted to put his hot life into the tip of the brush, pouring, splashing and melting into the picture in front of him.<br />
<br />
墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华! <br />
<br />
Various lines on the wall presented the dense jungle in Xishuangbanna, full of vitality. With the movement of the brush, like the process happened in color developer in the darkroom, the images of several Dai women gradually became clear. Their stretched waists, flexible arms, and action of strong inclination added the sense of motion of the scene of water splashing. Lanying seemed to hear the cheerful rhythm of the small gong and the exciting drumbeat of the elephant-foot drum. The hazy expressions in the women's faces had infinite yearnings. Thus, the dead wall became alive. It was the artist's passion for life was shining, the reproduction of a beautiful vision. The limited life of the artist was sublimated in the meaningful art!<br />
<br />
站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。 <br />
<br />
Standing behind the art stage to see the art was the easiest to touch off the aftertaste of life. <br />
<br />
兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得到了精神的补偿。 <br />
<br />
Lanying felt relaxed, and the heavy feeling like being clogged with lead when she left the hospital was alleviated. Art had already intruded into her destiny, turning her from an outsider into an insider. She got spiritual compensation from the breath of artistic creation.<br />
<br />
这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查有结果了吗?” <br />
<br />
At this time, the painter climbed down from the scaffolding, spotted his wife at a glance, and walked quickly towards her, "Did you get the result of the examination at the hospital?"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说......” <br />
<br />
Lanying said. "Go on with your work. I’ll talk to you when we came back..."<br />
<br />
妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。” <br />
<br />
The peaceful face of his wife reassured the painter. He said, "You should stay in your room and have a good rest."<br />
<br />
“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
<br />
"I'm not tired. Lanying smiled faintly and said with studied casualness, "What can I do for you?"<br />
<br />
Chapter Two<br />
<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对一对画稿上的人物动作。” <br />
<br />
The painter seriously considered for a moment: “Oh, I need you here. Please imitate and check the action of the characters on the sketch for our reference.” <br />
<br />
“好吧。”妻子应允了。 <br />
<br />
"All right." The wife agreed.<br />
<br />
兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容…… <br />
<br />
Lanying made various body movements on the painter’s instructions. Fortunately, she was an active member of the literary and artistic activities twenty years ago with a little dance skills, natural movements, and an ideal slender body. It consumed a lot of time, and the painter looked left and right, directing Lanying's posture while examining the characters on the sketch. For Lanying, who was ill, it was an excessive burden. But she maintained a dignified posture with great endurance, and a serene smile appeared on her pale and tired face...<br />
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几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为一个外科医生,如果给自己开一张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的一桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カ一搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏在心底很久很久了。 <br />
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A few days later, Lanying boarded the northbound train and left Beijing. Her husband went to the station to see her off. Until the moment before her departure, the wife did not tell her husband about her illness. Lanying repeatedly considered the gains and losses. As a surgeon, she would not have hesitated to write “hospitalize immediately and surgically remove" if she had given herself a treatment order. The key to the treating a relentless tumor, whether it was benign or malignant, was to treat it in time.But she thought of her husband, and a wonderful career beyond him. Once she was hospitalized for a major surgery, her husband would not hesitate to accompany her and serve her, because she had no other close relatives in this world. In that way, the painter's work would stop, or at least be influence. Her husband was struggling on the difficult road of art and could not be delayed. Lanying had to give up her treatment, even if it meant the hope of life, in exchange for the extension of the artistic life. This idea, from the day she fell in love with the painter, had been buried in her heart for a long, long time.<br />
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一声长笛,列车开走了,载着一颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾霭中...... <br />
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With a whistle, the train drove away, carrying the heart of an ordinary but great woman, and disappearing in the fog...<br />
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袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,一株热带丛林特有的鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像是在为自己的青春而骄傲…… <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng and his collaborators worked hard and four months passed. The painting work was coming to an end. Turning a corner of the wall, a view of Xishuangbanna at dusk appeared. In the light blue glow, there was a Passionfora edulis unique to the tropical jungle. Its luxuriant branches and leaves were like a cluster of hydrangea, forming a beautiful screen. Dai girls Girls who took a bath at night, holding a clay pot, poured clear spring water on their body. They wore their long and undulating hair down to the ground, which seemed like the ripples of water flowing from high mountains. After the bath, the girls were combing their long hair with a tender smile on their face, as if they were proud of their youth...<br />
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环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。 <br />
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Surrounding the girl's bodies were a few flowing lines, which were the outline of the clothes that was sketched out in the draft. The painter was still uncertain how to handle them. In the process of painting, the onlookers who came and went through the lobby paid special attention to the girls taking baths at night on the wall, wanting to see whether they would be clothed or not.<br />
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洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。“我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的一种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况他画的是神话传说而不是习俗…… <br />
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It is a common knowledge in life that taking a bath (rather than splashing water) needs to take off clothes. In life, Dai women were more innocent. During the days in Xishuangbanna, the painter bathed many times with Dai men and women at the well and in the Lancang River. They were natural and graceful, treating nudity as a as a creation of nature, so they did not feel it was very mysterious. “I admit that I have more conservative thinking.” Yuan Yunsheng said sincerely, “Because of this, I am more respectful of them.” In the history of painting, the language of nudity was an artistic language with rich expressiveness. Represented by Venus in ancient Greece, it developed into an independent aesthetic category. Similarly, using the language of nudity to express the author's worship of women and the praise for life became necessary for this particular scene in the mural. Not to mention that he painted myths and legends rather than customs...<br />
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看来,画家打错了主意? <br />
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It seems that the painter got the wrong idea?<br />
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在一些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和犯罪搅成一池浑水。 <br />
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In the eyes of some people, the style of nude was a “evil custom of barbarians” in the west! The richer the material life of the west was, the poorer the spiritual civilization was to the extent that the body was not covered by clothes. On the contrary, the great revolution of spiritual culture and the great retrogression of material production occurred at the same period in our country. In the past ten years, people’s vision had been highly purified. Chinese women did not even want to wear skirts, cheongsams, or tight-fitting shirts, and wrapped themselves up tightly so as not to show their changeable lines. By doing so, they would not stain the eyes of others and desecrate their bodies. However, treating aesthetics as the result of getting rid of evil concepts did not improve the morality of the society, but brought spiritual impoverishment and degradation. As a result, just like the pure springs turned into muddy currents, art and crime were mixed into a pool of muddy water.<br />
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盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。 <br />
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In the height of summer, when the scene of “bathing at night" stood out, although the images of these young girls were decorative, symbolic and simple, it still caused a stir.<br />
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这并不显眼的一角却引来一批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
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This inconspicuous corner attracted numerous viewers, including curious people, anxious people, passers-by and spectators. People were talking about it in different tones, surprised, harsh or vulgar...<br />
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这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不韪了。如要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的一场争论。 <br />
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It was the first time in years that a nude appeared on modern Chinese murals. The author did a wrong thing that was considered as a big one at the time. If he wanted to solve dispute, it was easy, lifting the brush, smearing a few strokes, and dressing the figures in blouses and skirts, which cost nothing. Then he and his whole family would be blessed and away from misfortune. But he was reluctant to do that. He thought of a controversy in history over the issue of nude art.<br />
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六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的一班轻薄少年、无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军阀败北。 <br />
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Sixty years ago, a group of courageous painters in Shanghai were reviled for using nudity in their teachings and creations. At that time, the newspapers published many critical articles, saying that the painter “offended public decency”, “wanted to make the women of the world into a shameless position" and “broke down the boundaries between Chinese men and women”... And at that time, a group of libertines and loafers in Shanghai took nude photos for sale, which provided handles to trolls. Until the warlord Sun Chuanfang was angered, the painter was wanted by telegram. The painter concentrated all his efforts on rising to the challenge without fear, and wrote articles saying that “Scoundrels made nude photos and obscene picture of prostitutes to attract others for profit, I am very sad... Why Private Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts is blamed? Why I am blamed?” "I advocated that ambition of art shouldn’t be takev away... Although I have to defy all difficulties and dangers, I will never refuse.” The struggle ended in victory for the painter and defeat for the warlord.<br />
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历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的一桩旧案犹未了结。 <br />
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History had gone by more than half a century. Times were different, but an old case in the art world was not settled yet.<br />
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“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思想解放!” <br />
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"What we encountered is no longer a body issue.” Yuan Yunsheng said to his companions, “It is related to the ideological liberation of the art world!"<br />
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他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。 <br />
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They insisted on making no changes. This detail in the murals was used as a stone of exploring and was thrown on the path of artistic spring presented in front of them after the smashing of the "Gang of Four".<br />
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舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事…… <br />
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After all, the pressure of public opinion was too great. In order to provide a peaceful environment for the painter to paint, the airport and the construction company were kind to cover up the doors and windows of the lobby while the painting work was still incomplete. Thus, the modernized doors were covered with thick kraft papers produced in the traditional way in China, and the murals painted in imported acrylic paints were hidden in a dull yellow glow of classical colors. The painter was at peace for the moment and went on with their unfinished work...<br />
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不是结尾 <br />
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Not the End<br />
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10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动…… <br />
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One day in late October, the autumn wind swirled yellow sand, sweeping above the streets of Beijing. Yuan Yunsheng walked down the street quickly, facing the wind, and his long and thick black hair fluttering in the wind...<br />
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首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。 <br />
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The painting work of murals at the Capital Airport had been completed. The artists and art workers, led by Zhang Ding, achieved great success. The papers and TV stations published and broadcasted murals with distinctive characteristics and modern style: ''Nezha Conquers the Dragon King'', ''Song of the Forest'', ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan'', ''The Spring of Science'' and ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life''... It was like a hot whirlwind in the art world and society, provoking intense reactions. Before the Fourth Congress of Chinese Writers and Artists, a group of celebrities from the circles of literature and art, theory, architecture, foreign trade and press and publication came to the Capital Airport to attend the unveiling ceremony and congratulate the artists.<br />
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国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人一进入中国就有一个强烈的印象,这种艺术是一个国家国力的象征。” <br />
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They acquired great recognition from foreigners. Foreign friends stood in the lobby of the terminal building, looking around the four walls with appreciative eyes and saying, "Beijing Airport will be famous all over the world for its murals.” ”It gives people a strong impression upon entering China that this art is a symbol of a country's national power."<br />
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日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……” <br />
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Hirayama Ikuo, a famous Japanese painter, also came to visit. He said that Chinese culture had two peaks in history: the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, and he believed that the third peak was coming. He said to Yuan Yunsheng with a smile, "After seeing your murals, I think Xishuangbanna is very beautiful. I really want to change the plan of this trip and go there..."<br />
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这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰一样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔…… <br />
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These days, Yunsheng was very busy. Meeting with foreign guests, accepting interviews and giving speeches on stage filled up his daily schedule. The lonely days were gone, followed by honors, applauses, and toasts, like stepping from the rugged mountain road to the peak full of flowers... He walked on the street, the wind and sand rushing toward him, and his lapel swaying in the wind. At this moment, contrary to the joy brought by the brilliant success, his face was strangely sad and sorrowful, frozen like ice, cold as a rock. It seemed to have infinite remorse in his indifference...<br />
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呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化? <br />
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Oh, what were you doing for? Were you still not satisfied? Or were you still worried about the change of political wind?<br />
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不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着一个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作是坚定正确的表现。 <br />
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No. He was not worried about that. He was confident. For more than twenty years, he had been tenacious exploring towards a set goal with the sincerity of art. He had never been discouraged in the face of any setbacks. He loved the art of the country, and was classified as a "rightist" because he disagreed with Soviet painting theory. But now people who took the same position were seen as having a solid and right performance.<br />
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他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。 <br />
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He loved the watery towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and took a hit for painting the beautiful scenes of the rural market. But now markets all over the country were more prosperous than they were then. Oh life, many things would be changed after thirty years! He no longer believed in temporary and hasty conclusions. His personality and the personality of his art had been strengthened by adversity, becoming independent of the conclusions.<br />
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那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧? <br />
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So, why were you sad? Why were you depressed?<br />
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只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无望,只等待手术的判决…… <br />
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Just because his wife, bosom friend, backer of his career and partner in distress, was lying sickly in the hospital. It was not until a few days earlier that he learned of the illness that Lanying had hidden from him. After four months of suffering from the disease, Lanying's health collapsed! When she left Changchun, her sick body wasted away, with weak spirit and pale and yellow face. Her female companions, who saw her off, could not see any color on her face, took it as their last farewell, breaking down in tears. At this moment, she lay quietly in a hospital in Beijing, and she seemed tired. Once the burden was lifted from her shoulders, she didn’t have words, complaints and hope, only waiting for the verdict of surgery...<br />
<br />
一个人站立起来了,另一个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南去的列车上一见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下一笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。 <br />
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One people stood up, another fell down, and she fell down for him. Since they met on the southbound train, she made too many voluntary sacrifices. If the wife really could never stand up again, then what was the meaning of her husband's success today for her? She was a doctor, a good wife and mother, and a person dedicated to art. Her contributions could never be rewarded, and she could not leave a mark on any art classic, but only painful memories engraved in her husband's heart.<br />
<br />
画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼眶里滚动。 <br />
<br />
The painter ran down the street to the hospital, a storm stirring up in his heart. His eyes were wet, white tears rolling in his eyes.<br />
<br />
他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:一种是诚实的艺术家;另一种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。 <br />
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He thought of the two kinds of people who were closest to art in the wide world. One was the honest artist; the other was the person who did not know art but was pure and simple, such as his lovely wife.<br />
<br />
他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少一些吗?<br />
<br />
They didn’t have other intention, just for art. To recognize their hard work was the minimum to tolerate the existence of art. But they suffered too much beyond art. Couldn’t they suffer less?<br />
<br />
他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。 <br />
<br />
He walked on the street in Beijing, his tearful eyes shining with anticipation.<br />
<br />
后记: <br />
<br />
Postscript:<br />
<br />
本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又过了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世事变迁未可尽述。 <br />
<br />
After this article was published, the heroine recovered after treatment. A few years later, the hero went to the U.S. alone. And many things had changed and it was impossible to mention them all.<br />
<br />
——作者 <br />
<br />
--Author<br />
<br />
（原载《十月》1980年6月） <br />
<br />
(Originally published in ''October'', June 1980)<br />
<br />
==卷一：10.热血男儿Hot-blooded Man==<br />
热血男儿 Hot-blooded Man<br />
<br />
李士非 Li Shifei<br />
<br />
满腔的热血已经沸腾。 <br />
<br />
The hot blood all over the body has been boiling.<br />
<br />
——《国际歌》 <br />
<br />
--''The Internationale'' (Chinese Version)<br />
<br />
一、能见到袁庚吗？ <br />
<br />
I. Can I See Yuan Geng?<br />
<br />
在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天，蛇口工业区和它的领导人袁庚，名扬国内外，越来越引人注目。 <br />
<br />
When the wave of reform is surging today, Shekou Industrial Zone and its leader, Yuan Geng, are becoming more and more famous at home and abroad.<br />
<br />
但是，我接受写袁庚的任务，未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他，手头也没有积累多少关于他的资料，而且听说采访他很困难：他是香港招商局常务副董事长（人们因此亲切地称他为袁董），大部分时间在香港，每到蛇口，都忙得不可开交，实在抽不出时间接受采访。 <br />
<br />
However, it was a bit risky for me to accept the task of writing about Yuan Geng. I had never met him and had not accumulated much information about him, and I heard that it was difficult to interview him: He was the executive vice chairman of China Merchants Hong Kong (so people affectionately called him Chairman Yuan). He spent most of the time in Hong Kong. Every time he came to Shekou, he was too busy and didn’t have time for interviews.<br />
<br />
但是，过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观，听过介绍，看过录像，袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣，接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口来，这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。 <br />
<br />
But after the past several times accompanying writers from other provinces to visit Shekou, listening to the introduction, and watching the video, Yuan Geng and Shekou aroused my strong interest. If I accepted the writing task, I could come to Shekou. The temptation was irresistible.<br />
<br />
”能见到袁庚吗？”“即使见不到袁庚也要写！”所谓“冒险”，无非是写不出或写不好，个人面子不好看罢了，比起袁庚和他的朋友们从事改革所冒的风险，简直是微不足道的。 <br />
<br />
"Can I meet Yuan Geng?" "Even if I can't see Yuan Geng, I’ll still write!" The so-called "risk" simply means that I couldn’t write or couldn’t write well, which would make me look bad. But compared to the risk taken by Yuan Geng and his friends in reform, it was simply insignificant.<br />
<br />
仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气，到这里待一些日子也是值得的。 <br />
<br />
It was worth staying here for a few days just to breathe the air of reform in Shekou.<br />
<br />
“如果你只能待很短的时间，我劝你趁早打退堂鼓，不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意，开弓没有回头箭，退堂鼓是不好打的。 <br />
<br />
"If you can only stay for a short time, I’d advise you to pull back sooner rather than later and don’t make the mistake of a screenwriter again." A kind friend advised me in this way. I appreciated his kindness. But there was no turning back of an arrow once it was shot. It was not easy to pull back.<br />
<br />
二、夜访梁宪 <br />
<br />
Ⅱ. Pay a Call on Liang Xian at Night<br />
<br />
在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口，袁庚出国去了，说是7月底或8月初才能回来。最了解他的一个人，东江纵队时期就和他一起工作，现任蛇口工业区顾问的许智明，到澳大利亚探亲去了，归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同，“时间就是金钱，效率就是生命”，白天工作紧张，找人谈话很难，晚上访问也要事先约定，因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰上袁庚的儿子袁中印，《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意，他马上说：“有什么好写的？这么多人写过了，要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受了乃父的影响，不大欢迎采访。”慢慢来吧，我一定要找你的。”我心里说。 <br />
<br />
It was not easy to interview in Shekou. When I arrived in Shekou in mid-July, Yuan Geng went abroad. I learned that he would be back by the end of July or early August. One of the people who knew him best, Xu Zhiming, who worked with him in the East River Column and was now the counselor of Shekou Industrial Zone, went to Australia to visit his family and his return date was still uncertain. The pace of work here was very different from that of the mainland, where "time is money and efficiency is life." There were many works by day, so it was difficult to find people to have a talk with. Visiting at night also had to be arranged in advance because many formal and informal meetings were held at night. One day I met Yuan Geng's son Yuan Zhongyin in the elevator of the office building. A reporter of ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'', Comrade Chen Yihao introduced my intention of coming here to him, he immediately said, "What is there to write? So many people have written about it. If you want to publish a book, you can collect them." I thought that he was influenced by his father, not very welcome interviews. "Take it a step at a time. I must find you." I said in my heart.<br />
<br />
多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙，约定了一天晚上9点钟去访问工业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人，穿过海滨花园，沐着海风，经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边，漫步走向梁宪的住处。早已听说，他1962年毕业于中山大学外语系，是梁宗岱教授的高足，对法国文学很有研究。果然，一见之下，我就感到他是一个充满艺术气质的人。 <br />
<br />
Thanks to the help of Comrade Huang Hongjian, a female writer and screenwriter of the Pearl River Film Studio who was the deputy director of the office here, we made an arrangement to visit Liang Xian, a member of the management committee of the Industrial Zone, at 9 o'clock one night. Huang Hongjian, Chen Yihao, and I walked through the seaside garden with the sea breeze, passed by Minghua ship of "Sea World” with brilliant light, and strolled towards Liang Xian's residence. I had already heard that he graduated from the Department of Foreign Languages of Sun Yat-sen University in 1962, who was a student of Professor Liang Zongdai and knew a lot about French literature. Sure enough, I felt that he was a man full of artistic temperament at first sight.<br />
<br />
他掏出港币，买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客，然后和我们谈笑风生。 <br />
<br />
He pulled out Hong Kong dollars and bought a few cans of iced Coca-Cola to entertain us, and then talked and laughed with us.<br />
<br />
“你们是文人，我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人，她在中央戏剧学院教书。我对她说：你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的，但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。中国像你们这样的文人太多，像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一句英语，“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙，黄虹坚一时也没反应过来，陈宜浩翻译说：”他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑起来。 <br />
<br />
"You are men of letters, and I’m a businessman. I gave up writing and engaged in business. My wife is also a man of letters, who teaches at the Central Academy of Drama. I said to her: Tang and Song poetry you talk about are very beautiful, but they can't solve the problem of the people's hunger. There are too many literati like you in China, and too few businessmen like me." He suddenly spoke an English sentence to Huang Hongjian, "I will change you into a business woman." I was baffled, and Huang Hongjian didn't understand at the moment, and Chen Yihao translated, "He said he would change you into a business woman.” We all laughed happily.<br />
<br />
梁宪大学毕业的时候，老百姓正在饿肚子，大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法国文学的尖子，后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作，比袁庚晚半年多一点。袁庚很器重他，有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。 <br />
<br />
When Liang Xian graduated from university, people were starving, and probably no unit needed a top student who studied French literature. Then he went to the Ministry of Communications. He was sent to work for the China Merchants Hong Kong in July 1979, more than half a year later than Yuan Geng. Yuan Geng thought highly of him, and some people said that he was Yuan Geng's "think-tank man".<br />
<br />
“我去香港的时候，老婆说：最怕你没骨气，没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是有的，外派干部只要有一点热血，就不是追求几大件，而是感到抬不起头来！ <br />
<br />
"When I went to Hong Kong, my wife said: What I fear the most is that you don’t have the backbone. If you don’t have it, let’s get divorced sooner rather than later. Of course I have it. As long as dispatched cadres have a little passion, they would not pursue some popular household items, but feel embarrassed to keep the head up!”<br />
<br />
“刚到香港，每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐，一串串的，海上漂着偷渡者的尸体，我们不能忍受，啪一声把电视关了。 <br />
<br />
“When I just arrived in Hong Kong, I watched TV every day to see young stowaways in chains of handcuffs, and dead bodies of stowaways floating in the sea. We could not bear it and snapped the TV off.”<br />
<br />
“我们国内建设搞不好，连一些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们，心里真难受呀。所以，我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过：‘我之所以这么干，是为了实现我入党时的初衷。’” <br />
<br />
“When we didn’t do well in nation-building, even some children of dispatched cadres who grew up in Hong Kong also looked down on us. It hurted a lot. So I understand Yuan Geng's mood for engaging in reform. He said, 'I did it because I wanted to realize the original intention when I joined the CPC.'"<br />
<br />
一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿，梁宪又概括地说： <br />
<br />
His words made my heart heavy. After a pause, Liang Xian said in a nutshell:<br />
<br />
“我熟悉的人当中，有两个热血男儿，一个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛，一个就是袁庚！” <br />
<br />
“There are two hot-blooded men in people who I am familiar with. One is my wife’s godfather Liu Rentao, and the other is Yuan Geng!"<br />
<br />
好一个“热血男儿”！这个词太恰当了，把这两个人相提并论太好了，我不禁怦然心动，觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。 <br />
<br />
What a "hot-blooded man"! This word was so appropriate. Comparing these two people was too good. I couldn’t help but feel excited that I thought I found the best way to Yuan Geng's inner world.<br />
<br />
也真巧，比我年长20岁的刘任涛，是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第一流的眼科专家，共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长，曾为刘伯承元帅安过义眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》，改行当了电影编剧，“文化大革命”中在珠影被诬为“历史反革命”，打断五根肋骨，投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动期间，他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明，不顾自己的政治处境，不顾没有任何医疗条件，决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他：“万一失败，你就是阶级报复，就会重进监狱。”他不听，他终于成功了。”作为医生，我拯救了我的灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀，立下遗嘱：死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
<br />
And coincidentally, Liu Rentao, who is 20 years older than me, is my admired elder and friend. This first-rate eye specialist in China was the director of the Shanghai Labor Hospital in the early days of the People’s Republic of China, and once installed a prosthetic eye for Marshal Liu Bocheng. Later, he became a movie scriptwriter after he wrote a movie script Dove of Peace. During the "Cultural Revolution", he was considered as a “pre-liberation counter-revolutionary" in the Pearl River Film Studio. His five ribs were broken and he was put into prison. When he labored under supervision at the "May 7 Cadre School" in Yingde, he saw a rural woman who was blind due to cataracts, and in spite of his political situation and the lack of any medical conditions, he decided to operate on the patient with a razor blade. A kind people advised him, “If you fail, it will be the class revenge and you’ll go back to prison." He didn't listen to it, and he finally succeeded." As a doctor, I saved my soul." Now he was over 70 years old, and he made a will: After his death, he would dedicate his eyes to the Eye Bank of Sun Yat-sen Medical College. Then he ran around and appealed for the restoration and establishment of schools for blind children...<br />
<br />
刘任涛和袁庚，经历和事业完全不同，但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身精神，是多么相似呵！我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚，觉得对袁庚也开始熟悉了。<br />
<br />
Liu Rentao and Yuan Geng had completely different experiences and careers, but they were patriotic and full of passion with the spirit of dedication. How similar they were! I imagined unfamiliar Yuan Geng from familiar Liu Rentao, thinking that I began to get familiar with Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
三、“冒险家” <br />
<br />
Ⅲ. “Adventurer"<br />
<br />
刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障，要冒风险。袁庚在蛇口进行改革，要冒更大的风险：两年之前，不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影地攻击经济特区嘛！ <br />
<br />
Liu Rentao, as a target of dictatorship, it was risky to use a razor blade to cut cataracts for a poor rural woman. Yuan Geng had to take an even greater risk when he carried out a reform in Shekou: Two years ago, someone wrote an article in the newspaper to assail the Special Economic Zone by insinuation!<br />
<br />
但是，时代毕竟不同了，今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月9日，胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区，袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆，和总书记有一段精彩的对话。 <br />
<br />
But times were different after all. Today's reform was carried out under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee. On February 9, 1983, General Secretary Hu Yaobang visited Shekou Industrial Zone. Yuan Geng opened his mind to the General Secretary, having a good conversation with him.<br />
<br />
袁庚：关于改革问题，现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看，凡是搞改革的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法，最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪，改良主义，结果六君子被杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革，我想不会落得前人这样的下场，我们是在党的领导下进行的，不会有问题吧，我们值得冒这个险！ <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: For the issue of reform, we need to carry out comprehensive reform now. Historically, all those who engaged in reforms came to a bad end. Two thousand years ago, Shang Yang carried out reform and was finally put to death. Wang Anshi’s Reform did not end well either. Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao just advocated constitutional monarchy and practiced reformism, but they were all decapitated. Sun Yat-sen’s reform also failed. Now, I think our reform will not end up like the predecessors. We are under the leadership of the Party. There will be no problem, so we are worth the risk!<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：过去的改革是下层少数人去改，领导者、统治者是压制的。现在不同，我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改，现在和过去根本不同嘛！ <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: In the past, the reform was carried out by a few people at the lower level, while the leaders and rulers were repressive. Now is different. Our leaders are taking the lead to call and urge the subordinates to reform. The present is fundamentally different from the past!<br />
<br />
袁庚：我们感到，我们的干部是不大怕群众的，只怕顶头上司，怕上司不喜欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说，我每次来蛇口，一上码头，前呼后拥的，下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒，就会忘乎所以，久而久之，就不怕群众，不怕下级，因为群众、下级撤不了我的职，我只怕交通部，怕顶头上司，只有他们才能撤我的职。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: We feel that our cadres are not afraid of the masses, but only afraid of their superiors, afraid that their superiors do not like them and then they can’t be leaders. As a small leader, every time I came to Shekou, I walked on the pier with many subordinates crowding around, who feared that they didn’t attend me well. Sometimes I was not sober, I would get carried away, and over time, I am not afraid of the masses, and not afraid of subordinates, because the masses and subordinates can’t dismiss me from my post. I am only afraid of the Ministry of Communications, afraid of my immediate superior. Only they can dismiss me from my post.<br />
<br />
所以，群众监督干部，群众有权选举和罢免干部，这至关重要。我们这里想搞个改革试点，管委会由群众选举产生，每年投一次信任票，如果不信任票超过半数，管委会就得改选，个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公开的、直接的，由群众投票选举的领导班子，就会想群众之所想，急群众之所急，就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手，就有人自动送礼上门，如果头脑不清醒，不能自律，就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装懂，诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部，我相信可以改变一下干部的结构和干部的作风。我们想做这样一个不太小的改革，准备冒一点风险。 <br />
<br />
Therefore, it is crucial that the masses supervise cadres and have the right to elect and dismiss them. We want to carry out a pilot reform here. The management committee is elected by the masses, and a vote of confidence is held once a year. If more than half of the people cast votes of no confidence, the management committee will have to be re-elected. If a member got more than half of the votes of no confidence, he will have to step down. This open and direct leading group, elected following a ballot by the masses, will think what the masses think, worry what the masses worry, and will actually do something good for the masses. Because once some leaders have the power in hand, someone will automatically send gifts to them. If their minds are not sober, they can not be self-disciplined, and will get carried away. There are also some cadres who pretend to understand what they don’t know. If the masses have the right to elect and supervise cadres, I believe we can change the structure of cadres and the work style of cadres. We want to make such a not-so-small reform and are prepared to take some risks.<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：（点头）好！很好！ <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: (nodding) Good! Very good!<br />
<br />
袁庚：总书记说了好，我们就记录在案，马上打报告这样做。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: Since General Secretary said good, we will record it, and immediately report and carry out it.<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿，在哪一出戏里我忘记了，讽刺官僚主义者，他不敢骂台上的官，只敢骂戏台上堂前的鼓。有一段唱词说：”一棵大树腹中空，两头都是皮儿绷，每天上堂敲三下，卟咚卟咚又卟咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛！（全场大笑） <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: (happily standing up) We have a famous dramatist named Guan Hanqing in history. In which play I forget, satirizing bureaucrats, he did not dare to curse the leaders on the stage, only dare to curse the drums in the hall on the stage. There is a line in the librettos of the drama that says: "A big tree is hollow in the belly, whose both ends have tight leather. Every day knocked it three times in the hall. Pu dong, pu dong and pu dong (the sound of a drum beating)." That is “not understanding” (the pronunciation of it in Chinese is similar to “pu dong”)! (all of them laughing)<br />
<br />
党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印，想到一块去了，这在蛇口的发展史上，是应当大书特书的。 <br />
<br />
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPC and the Secretary of the Party Committee of Shekou Industrial Zone shared the same thought. It deserved to be written about in the history of Shekou's development.<br />
<br />
1983年4月24日，选举产生了蛇口工业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22日，按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票？ <br />
<br />
On April 24, 1983, a new management committee of Shekou Industrial Zone was elected. On April 22, 1984, a vote of confidence in the management committee was held as scheduled. Was it necessary to hold a vote of confidence?<br />
<br />
组干处处长虞德海说：“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的，信任票不足半数就得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决，一定要搞信任投票。”投票结果，管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数，袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上，全部投票公开，任人查阅，尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐，如“某某能力低”“某某不堪信任”之类，也不加掩饰。 <br />
<br />
Yu Dehai, the director of the Division of Organizing Cadres, said, "Even I was a little hesitant. Because the result of a vote of confidence is to be fulfilled. If a member got less than half of the votes of confidence, he will have to step down. I thought we might as well carry out public opinion polls. But Yuan Dong was very determined to hold a vote of confidence." The result was that the members of the management committee all got more than half of the votes of confidence, and Yuan Geng got the most. That night, all the votes were open for inspection. Although some of the criticism was very sharp, such as "so-and-so has the low ability”, "so-and-so is untrustworthy" and so on, they didn’t hide their real thoughts.<br />
<br />
这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。 <br />
<br />
This was the most important reform of all in the Shekou Industrial Zone.<br />
<br />
四、“那里不肯放，就辞职！” <br />
<br />
Ⅳ. "If They Refuse to Let You Go, You Quit!"<br />
<br />
选举产生领导班子，定期举行信任投票，这是袁庚深思熟虑的一项决定。 <br />
<br />
The leading group was elected and a vote of confidence was regularly held. It was decided after Yuan Geng’s careful consideration.<br />
<br />
他深深感到，不改革干部制度，不改变干部结构，任何改革都无从谈起，“四化”也只是一句空话。 <br />
<br />
He deeply felt that without reforming the cadre system and changing the structure of cadre, no reform could be done, and the "Four Modernizations" was just a hollow phrase.<br />
<br />
有的领导干部，居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人：“你们大学建多大的桥？”问来访的美国客人：“英国人讲英语，你们美国人讲什么语？”还有人向中央领导同志汇报他到香港考察的收获：“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯！”如此等等，令人啼笑皆非。这样的干部，怎能担当建设”四化”的重任！ <br />
<br />
Some leading cadres even asked the visitors from the University of Cambridge in England: “What size of the bridge does your university build?" and asked the visitors from America: "British speak English, and what language do you Americans speak?" Someone reported to the leading comrades of the Central Committee what he had learned from his visit to Hong Kong, “There is a sea change in my mind!" And so on. It was ridiculous. How could such cadres take on the heavy responsibility of building the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地），指挥部只有二十多个干部的时候，袁庚就开始考虑如何培育一支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命化的干部队伍。1981年，他排除阻カ，毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班，从全国各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说，“我是个冒险家，为了蛇口的改革，我从全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。 <br />
<br />
When Shekou was still in the process of “five accesses and one leveling” (access to water, electricity, road, and natural gas, ventilation, and leveling the ground), and there were only twenty cadres in the headquarters, Yuan Geng began to consider how to cultivate a young, knowledgeable, professional and revolutionary cadres troop. In 1981, he removed the obstruction and decided to organize a training course for business management cadres, recruiting graduates who majored in science and engineering from all over the country. In his words, "I am an adventurer, and for the reform in Shekou, I gathered a group of small adventurers from all over the country".<br />
<br />
当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员，委托交通部下属的交通科学院情报所代为主持，在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。 <br />
<br />
At that time, Shekou Industrial Zone did not have the ability to send its own admissions officers, so it entrusted the Institute of Information of the Academy of Transportation Science under the Ministry of Communications to be in charge of the first exam in Wuhan. The first person to enter the examination room was Wang Chaoliang, an engineer of the Ship’s Hull Laboratory of the Yangtze River Shipping Scientific Research Institute under the Ministry of Communications.<br />
<br />
王潮梁1938年出生于江苏无锡，1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计专业。早在1958年，他就参考外国的资料，在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫原理，并和同学们一道造出了样品，在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是，在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年代，几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机工厂飞机设计室任产品主管设计员，那时生产要听驻厂军代表的，而军代表只相信苏联专家和苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料，翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂，即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂，也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚子气，却毫无办法。岁月如流，王潮梁搞了17年飞机设计，却看到我们的飞机工业比印度还落后；又研制了四年的飞翔船，却看不到一艘飞翔船下水，那种壮志难酬的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会，唯一的名额给了业务上根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培训班招生的广告时，他兴奋极了，“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方，去！”立刻把广告剪下来，郑重地贴在本子上。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province in 1938, and graduated from the Department of Aircraft of Northwestern Polytechnic University with the major of aircraft design in 1960. As long ago as 1958, he was the first person in China to study the principle of air cushion of hydrofoils by referring to foreign materials, and built a sample together with his classmates, which was performed on the Weiming Lake of Peking University. At that time, the British were only half a year ahead of them in their research on hydrofoils. However, in this age when "steel-making" was more valued than scientific research, the research of these few young boys was doomed to failure. After graduation, he was assigned to the aircraft design office of an aircraft factory as a design supervisor. At that time, production had to follow the resident military representatives in the factory, who only trusted Soviet experts and Soviet drawings. For example, it was required to use Ural wood for a certain propeller, and Ukrainian sand for molding. Even if China had better wood and better sand, it was not allowed to change. Wang Chaoliang, who was the new kid on the block, was very angry, but he could do nothing. As the years passed quickly, Wang Chaoliang engaged in aircraft design for 17 years, but saw that our aircraft industry even lagged behind that of India; and he developed a hydrofoil for four years, but could not see a hydrofoil launched. The pain of being difficult to fulfill his aspirations tormented his ambitions. There was an opportunity for a study tour to the Federal Republic of Germany, and the only place was given to the daughter of a minister who was nothing compared to him in the business. When he saw a recruitment advertisement for a training course for business management cadres in Shekou Industrial Zone in the newspaper, he was excited, "Shekou is a place where you have to build a career by your own ability. Go!" He immediately cut out the advertisement and stuck it solemnly on the notebook.<br />
<br />
他第一个走进考场，第一个走出考场。笔试、面试，成绩优良。主持考试的情报所林鸿慈同志下了结论：这是个人才，录取！ <br />
<br />
He was the first to enter and the first to leave the examination room. He got good grades on written examination and oral examination. Comrade Lin Hongci of the Institute of Information, who was in charge of the examination, concluded: This is a talent. Accept!<br />
<br />
但是，在中国有一个很大的矛盾：生产资料是全民所有制，干部却是单位私有制。一个单位可以把一个或一批人才冷藏一辈子。 <br />
<br />
However, there was a big contradiction in China: The means of production were owned by the whole people, but the cadres were privately owned by units. A talent or a group of talents could be shelved by a unit for life.<br />
<br />
长江航运科研所不肯放人。 <br />
<br />
The Yangtze River Shipping Scientific Research Institute refused to let him go.<br />
<br />
1981年11月，袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他，向他汇报了招生的情况，特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。 <br />
<br />
In November 1981, Yuan Geng was hospitalized in Guangzhou. Lin Hongci visited him in the Eastern District of Guangdong Provincial Hospital and reported to him about the enrollment situation, especially about the problem of Wang Chaoliang.<br />
<br />
袁庚很激动。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was very excited.<br />
<br />
“小王是不是党员？” <br />
<br />
"Is Wang a member of the CPC?"<br />
<br />
“不是。” <br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量，开个头，那里不肯放，就辞职！我这里收。最多就是人家去告状，最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先例。告到国务院，我们就把这个同志的情况报上去，中央领导会支持我们。新华社社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开‘干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人在单位不充分发挥作用，又不让调，这个局面不打开是不成的！” <br />
<br />
“It is less difficult to solve if he is not a member of the party. I don’t know if he has the guts to set a precedent. If they refuse to let you go, you quit! I’ll accept you. The most they can do is to complain to superior authorities, and finally to the State Council. I hope one or two comrades will set the precedent. If they complain to the State Council, we will report the situation of this comrade, and the leaders of the Central Committee will support us. Comrade Zeng Tao, the president of Xinhua News Agency, hoped that we could break the 'private ownership of cadres'. Now the problem of brain waste is too serious. People does not play a full role in the unit, and not allowed to transfer. This situation must be changed!"<br />
<br />
林鸿慈被袁庚打动了，写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁，同时通过各种渠道去做说服、疏通工作。终于，用不着王潮梁辞职，单位同意放人了。1982年，王潮梁来到蛇口工业区。 <br />
<br />
Lin Hongci was impressed by Yuan Geng, wrote a letter to tell Wang Chaoliang the content of this conversation, and persuaded Wang’s unit and reconciled the two sides through various channels. Finally, Wang Chaoliang didn’t need to resign, and the unit agreed to let him go. In 1982, Wang Chaoliang came to Shekou Industrial Zone.<br />
<br />
五、企业管理研究生 <br />
<br />
V. Graduate Student Majoring in Business Management<br />
<br />
1982年12月的一天晚上，一个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
<br />
One night in December 1982, a young man in his thirties arrived at Yuan Geng's home in Xiyuan, Beijing.<br />
<br />
这是一次事先约定的会见。 <br />
<br />
It was a pre-arranged meeting.<br />
<br />
年轻人叫余昌民，刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生，工作了八九年，深感中国企业管理的弊病太多，1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。 <br />
<br />
The young man named Yu Changmin, was one of the first group of graduate students in the Department of Business Management at Tsinghua University and just graduated. He was originally a graduate of the Department of Electrical Engineering at Tsinghua University, majoring in Automation. After working for about nine years, he felt that there were too many drawbacks in Chinese business management. In 1979, he returned to Tsinghua University to study for an MBA degree.<br />
<br />
1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年，专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息，《读卖新闻》为此发了专稿，登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了，干什么好呢？ <br />
<br />
In 1980, Yu Changmin went to Japan to study further for a year, specializing in Japanese business management. The Japanese took it as important information, and the ''Yomiuri Shimbun'' published a special article with his picture. Now that Yu Changmin had graduated, what job should he do?<br />
<br />
学校建议他到国家经委属下的中国企业研究协会去，这当然是个专业对口的美差，但是在武汉工作的爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候，蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。 <br />
<br />
The university suggested him to go to the Chinese Association for Enterprise Research under the Chinese National Economic Council, which was a good job in line with his specialty, but it was difficult for his lover who worked in Wuhan to transfer to Beijing. At this time, the wind of the reform in Shekou came to his ears.<br />
<br />
他每星期上街去买《深圳特区报》，得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝，如饥似渴地加以研究。不难判断，蛇口工业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去！决心下定了，系里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会，经朋友介绍，他就来登门拜访了。 <br />
<br />
He went out to buy the ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'' every week. When he got a copy of the earliest ''A Brief Introduction of Investment'', he regarded it as a treasure, and studied it hungrily. It was not difficult to judge that Shekou Industrial Zone was the ideal place to realize his aspirations. Go to Shekou! He made the decision and was supported by the department. Now Yuan Geng was in Beijing for a meeting, so he came to visit him by recommendation of a friend.<br />
<br />
会面的一瞬间，两个人互相观察了一下。 <br />
<br />
At the moment they met, the two men observed each other.<br />
<br />
“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗？穿件中式棉袄，和一般的老干部没啥差别，不是想象中的那个改革家的模样，而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真的值得？” <br />
<br />
"Is this the famous reformer Yuan Geng? Wearing a Chinese cotton jacket, he is no different from ordinary old cadres, not the reformer’s appearance I imagined. And I heard that he is poorly educated... Is it really worth it to work with him?"<br />
<br />
真正的一闪念，没容余昌民多想，袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
<br />
When this really sudden idea did not allow Yu Changmin to think more, Yuan Geng had already enthusiastically offered his seat and poured tea.<br />
<br />
谈话开门见山。 <br />
<br />
The conversation came straight to the point. <br />
<br />
“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里？” <br />
<br />
"What do you think is the fatal problem in China’s economy?"<br />
<br />
“在于体制。” <br />
<br />
"It lies in the system."<br />
<br />
“对了！”袁庚兴奋起来，侃侃而谈，”上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦，说他们要一千人，劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用，那七百是搭配的闲人，你再要，就再搭配，再多余，反正是大锅饭，大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了，还说这是社会主义的优越性！这样，工厂冗员越来越多，工厂成了小社会，在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的，形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ，败坏着我们的民族素质！这样的体制不改革，我们就没有出路！” <br />
<br />
"That's right!" Yuan Geng got excited, and spoke with fervor and assurance, "A director of a shipyard in Shanghai once complained to me, and said they wanted a thousand people, but they needed only three hundred people among the people the labor department allocated, and the other seven hundred people were ideal workers. If they asked for it again, they would be allocated again, then there were more redundant workers. They had to get equal pay anyway. They only needed to be paid in a muddle and said this was the superiority of socialism! In this way, there were more and more redundant workers in the factory. The factory became a small society, where the lazy workers exploited the hard-working workers, forming a terrible social habits force, which corrupted our national quality! If such a system is not reformed, we have no way out!"<br />
<br />
“我的一篇论文，提出了企业的素质问题。” <br />
<br />
"I have a paper that raises the issue of the quality of business."<br />
<br />
“有何高见？” <br />
<br />
"What’s your opinion?"<br />
<br />
“素质，好比基本作用，像女排，形成了她们的基本作风，就有战斗カ。” <br />
<br />
"Quality is like the basic role. For example, the women's volleyball team has formed their basic style, so they are effective.<br />
"<br />
“就把一个企业比作球队吧，假如你是教练，别人随便塞人给你，你怎么办？” <br />
<br />
"Let's compare an enterprise to a team. If you are the coach, what do you do when someone foists a player on you?"<br />
<br />
“我不要。” <br />
<br />
"I will not take it."<br />
<br />
“不要不行！” <br />
<br />
"No, you must take it!"<br />
<br />
“那我不干。” <br />
<br />
"I will disagree with it."<br />
<br />
“对了，就得这样。” <br />
<br />
"That's right. That's how it should be."<br />
<br />
一老一少，越谈越投机，彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处一闪而过的那点疑虑也完全打消了。 <br />
<br />
An old man and a young man, the more they talked, the happier they were, who both felt close to each other. The doubt that flashed through Yu Changmin’s deep heart was completely dispelled.<br />
<br />
“我们这里可要冒点风险。” <br />
<br />
"We have to take some risks here."<br />
<br />
“正因为这样オ要去，建设好了还去干什么？” <br />
<br />
"That's why I want to go there. If it has been built, why do I go there?"<br />
<br />
“你个人有什么要求？” <br />
<br />
"What are your personal requirements?"<br />
<br />
“只要求家属一起去。” <br />
<br />
"I only ask that my family can go with me."<br />
<br />
“这个我们来办。” <br />
<br />
"We will deal with that."<br />
<br />
两个月后，余昌民父亲去世，回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化，系里要留他。企业管理系刚刚建立，工作需要，理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚飞往蛇口，收不回来了。 <br />
<br />
Two months later, Yu Changmin's father died and he came home to the funeral. At this time the school's attitude changed and the department wanted to keep him. The Department of Business Administration had just been established and the work needed him. The reasons were good. But Yu Changmin's heart had already flown to Shekou with Yuan Geng and could not be retrieved.<br />
<br />
1983年3月，袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客，系里派余昌民随行。系领导的目的，是让校长对余昌民有个印象，说服他留下来，同时出面解决他家属的户ロ问题。 <br />
<br />
In March 1983, Yuan Geng invited Liu Da, the president of Tsinghua University, to Shekou, and the department sent Yu Changmin to accompany him. The purpose of the department leaders was to give the president an impression of Yu Changmin, persuade him to stay, and solve his family member’s problem of household registration.<br />
<br />
谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口，袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有，余昌民暗示要做刘达的工作。 <br />
<br />
But it backfired. Once Liu Da and his party arrived in Shekou, Yuan Geng asked Yu Changmin if the transfer had been finalized, and Yu Changmin hinted that he had to do something to persuade Liu Da.<br />
<br />
余昌民再一次请求：”校长，让我来蛇口吧。” <br />
<br />
Yu Changmin asked him again, “President, let me come to Shekou."<br />
<br />
“系里要我帮忙留你，我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。 <br />
<br />
"The department asked me to help to keep you, and I promised it." President Liu looked confused.<br />
<br />
袁庚一再要求支持：”刘达同志，把小余给我们吧，我们迫切需要企业管理的专门人才。” <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng repeatedly asked for support, "Comrade Liu Da, give us Yu. We urgently need a specialist in business management."<br />
<br />
刘达心动了。这位参加过“一二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
<br />
Liu Da was moved. The old comrade who participated in the “December 9th" Movement, was known for “covering up for intellectuals” as early as 1957 when he was the head of the Department of Forestry. He fully understood the need of Shekou and Yuan Geng and Yu Changmin's feelings. But he had to respect the department leaders and promised to solve the solution with the department when he went back.<br />
<br />
回去后，余昌民给系里写了报告，对系里的教育培养表示感谢，说明清华企业管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设，这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都至关重要。 <br />
<br />
When they went back, Yu Changmin wrote a report to the department, expressing his gratitude for the department's education and training, and explaining that the Department of Business Administration at Tsinghua University needed to agree its own graduates to participate in the construction of Shekou, which was crucial for the school’s research and information sources in the future.<br />
<br />
问题迎刃而解。7月，夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。 <br />
<br />
The problem was solved. In July, the procedures of the couple’s transfers were both completed.<br />
<br />
当余昌民到工业区大楼报到的时候，在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口，边走边说：”你是研究企业管理的，你先熟悉一下情况，有把握了再谈工作……” <br />
<br />
When Yu Changmin reported to the Industrial Zone building, he met Yuan Geng outside the building door. Yuan Geng affectionately took his hand and walked from the door to the elevator, saying, “You study the business management. You can familiarize yourself with the situation at first, and then talk about work when you get familiar with it."<br />
<br />
袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信，其中有一段话： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng also wrote a letter of thanks to Liu Da, which included a paragraph:<br />
<br />
关于小余的事，同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失一小余，无妨大局，蛇口得之，如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下，工业区将受其惠。 <br />
<br />
On the matter about Yu, the comrades admire your selflessness so much. Losing Yu couldn’t affect the general situation for Tsinghua, but Sheko will be better after having him... Tsinghua has students all over the world, and the industrial zone will be benefited from it.<br />
<br />
重感情的刘达，把这封信送给了余昌民，让他留作永久的纪念。 <br />
<br />
Liu Da, who valued the relationship, gave this letter to Yu Changmin, letting him keep it as a permanent memorial.<br />
<br />
六、星期天的早晨 <br />
<br />
Ⅵ. Sunday Morning<br />
<br />
星期天早晨8点钟，顾立基刚起床，洗了脸，正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的，大家都熬了夜，现在让他们多睡一会儿吧。顾立基轻手轻脚，唯恐弄出一点声音来。 <br />
<br />
At 8 o'clock on Sunday morning, Gu Liji just got up, washed his face, and was cooking instant noodles. The other four students in the same room were still sleeping soundly. They could turn off the lights late on Saturday night, and everyone stayed up all night, so let them get more sleep now. Gu Liji was cautious, lest he made a little noise.<br />
<br />
“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗？” <br />
<br />
"Excuse me, does Comrade Gu Liji live here?"<br />
<br />
门外传来一个声音。顾立基一看，走廊上站着一个六十多岁的老人和一个姑娘。 <br />
<br />
A voice came from outside the door. Gu Liji saw an old man in his sixties and a girl standing in the corridor.<br />
<br />
“我就是顾立基，您是？” <br />
<br />
"I am Gu Liji, and may I know who you are?"<br />
<br />
“我是袁庚，蛇口的袁庚。”老人首先伸出手来，“这是我女儿尼亚，她不放心我的身体，一定要陪我来，其实我的身体还可以。你看，骑了半小时车子，轻松愉快。” <br />
<br />
"I'm Yuan Geng, Yuan Geng from Shekou." The old man first extended his hand, "This is my daughter Nia. She is worried about my health, and she must come with me. But I’m okay. You see, it’s easy and pleasant to ride the bike for half an hour.”<br />
<br />
顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 <br />
<br />
Gu Liji never dreamed that the famous Yuan Geng would come to the dormitory of Tsinghua University to see him.<br />
<br />
他深受感动。 <br />
<br />
He was deeply moved.<br />
<br />
“我们到楼下谈吧，同学们还在睡觉。” <br />
<br />
"Let's talk downstairs. The students are still sleeping."<br />
<br />
楼下有一张靠背长椅，三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨，不冷不热，阳光和煦，轻风拂面，校园一片宁静的气氛。 <br />
<br />
There was a bench downstairs, and the three of them sat down side by side. In the morning of May, it was not cold or hot, the sun was warm, with a refreshing breeze blowing, and the campus was in a peaceful atmosphere.<br />
<br />
“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会？” <br />
<br />
"I heard that you organized an association of enthusiasts of business management?"<br />
<br />
“是的，现在会员有一千多人了，成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。” <br />
<br />
"Yes. There are more than a thousand members now, and Liu Da and Yu Guangyuan both came to attend the founding meeting."<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长？” <br />
<br />
"I also heard that you want to be the factory director?"<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊，”顾立基笑了，“我是说过想当厂长，为此还惹过一些麻烦呢。” <br />
<br />
"You're well informed," Gu Liji laughed, "I did say that I wanted to be the factory director, and I got into some trouble for that."<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦？” <br />
<br />
"What kind of trouble?"<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。” <br />
<br />
"Someone said I was ambitious."<br />
<br />
“岂有此理！想当个厂长是什么野心！‘不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’，这是拿破仑说的还是谁说的？一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对！” <br />
<br />
"It is nonsense! What kind of ambition is it to want to be a factory director? 'A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier', was said by Napoleon or others? There's nothing wrong with a college student wanting to be a factory director!"<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的，但是我感到中国更需要管理人才，所以主动旁听了企业管理系研究生的全部课程。” <br />
<br />
"I majored in computer science, but I felt that China needed management talents more, so I actively sit in on all the courses that graduate students of the Department of Business Administration took as an observer".<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧，我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班，要培养大量的管理人才。” <br />
<br />
"Go to Shekou. We have a training course for business management cadres, and we have to train a large number of management talents."<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像，我的心就动了，只是还没下定决心。” <br />
<br />
"When I saw a video about Shekou last November, my heart moved, but I just hadn’t made up my mind yet."<br />
<br />
“现在呢？” <br />
<br />
"And now?"<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了，去蛇口。” <br />
<br />
"Now I've made up my mind to go to Shekou."<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗？” <br />
<br />
"Good! We welcome you! Do you have any difficulties?"<br />
<br />
有什么困难？1982年的初夏，社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的，有人在报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界，影射特区有变成租界的危险，造成一股无形的压力，因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些，可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的人在一起，冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去，下属工厂任他挑选，这些，对他有一定的吸引力。他自从1967年中学毕业，1968年进上海印染机械修配厂，十年中当过锅炉工、车工、錠工、钳工、电工，当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为，1974年顾立基和他们争吵过一次，挨了批斗，却受到工人们的同情，和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要毕业了，朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查，他是材料组的负责人，如果不来上大学，早就走上领导岗位了，现在回去，工作安排是不成问题的。但是，陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大，他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的是，母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房，姐妹们都在外地，母亲希望他留在身边，爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
What were the difficulties? In the early summer of 1982, there was still a lot of criticism in society about the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. Some people wrote articles in the newspapers about foreign settlements in old China, insinuating that the Special Economic Zone was in danger of becoming a foreign settlement, which created an invisible pressure, so some people said "the future of the Special Economic Zone is uncertain”. These could be disregarded. Gu Liji wanted to be with someone like Yuan Geng, and it was worth the risk. The company in Shanghai wanted him to go back, and the subordinate factories could be selected by him, which had a certain appeal to him. He graduated from high school in 1967, and joined the Shanghai Printing and Dyeing Machinery Repair Factory in 1968, and worked as a boilermaker, lathe worker, ladle man, bench worker, electrician, and full-time secretary of the Youth League general branch for ten years. Because he did not like the bad things done by the factory rebel group which was controlled by Wang Hongwen's little brothers, Gu Liji quarreled with them in 1974 and then was criticized, but was sympathized by the workers, who established a deep relationship with them. Now he was about to graduate from college, and his friends wanted him to go back. If he had not come to college, he would have taken a leading position. After the “Gang of Four" was smashed, the factory checked the people involved. He was the person in charge of the material group. If he didn't go to university, he would have been a leader. If he went back now, the working arrangement was not a problem. However, the unfamiliar Shekou was more attractive to him than the familiar Shanghai, so he still wanted to choose Shekou. The trouble was that his mother and lover did not agree with him leaving Shanghai. Shanghai had spacious housing. His sisters were abroad, so his mother wanted him to stay around, not to mention his lover's attachment to Shanghai. This was also human nature.<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。 <br />
<br />
"I have to convince my mother and my lover." Gu Liji was embarrassed to say with a smile.<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口，使他动了感情，他滔滔不绝地发起议论来。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng could understand and believe in young men very much. Gu Liji resolutely chose Shekou, which moved him, and he talked volubly. <br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办一个工业区呢？为了在那块地方搞改革，搞全面的改革，从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度，都要改，不改就没有出路。过去三十年，极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候，海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体，都是青年，他们为什么要跑？因为我们穷！ <br />
<br />
"Your choice is right. Shekou has ample scope for your abilities. Why do we want to run an industrial zone in Shekou? In order to carry out a reform in that area, to carry out a comprehensive reform, from business management, and personnel system to the wage system, all have to be changed. Without change there is no way out. Over the past 30 years, we have suffered from the thought of the extreme 'left’ and the rigid system. When we first arrived in Shekou in early 1979, the bodies of stowaways were found in the bay, which were all young people. Why did they run away? Because we were poor! <br />
<br />
“‘四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’，越搞跑的人越多。一些村子的青壮年几乎跑光了，真叫人欲哭无泪！蛇口对面就是香港的元朗，相隔只有6000米，晴天能看到它的高楼，它就是在我们‘十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了，必须把经济搞上去，这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公里，对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛，我们改革成功了，对全国就有很大的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛，无伤大局。当然，我们一定要尽最大的努力，争取成功，避免失败。我们这一代人是老了，当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时候，时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……” <br />
<br />
"Why did the 'Gang of Four' conduct 'Political frontier defense’. More people ran away. Some of the young and strong people of the village almost ran away. It really made us want to cry! Across the sea from Shekou is Yuen Long in Hong Kong, only 6,000 meters apart. We can see the tall buildings there on a clear day. It was developed during our 'Ten Years of Turmoil'. We can't do meaningless things anymore. We must increase the economy, so we must reform the backward system. Although Shekou Industrial Zone is only 2.14 square kilometers, which is just a drop for the country's 9.6 million square kilometers. If our reform is successful, it will be of great significance to the country. If we fail, it is also a drop in the bucket, which doesn't affect the whole. Of course, we must do our best to strive for success and avoid failure. Our generation is old, and we don't have much time when we realize that we have to do something. So hope is pinned on you..."<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动，身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚，望着自己的父亲，眼睛也有点热了…… <br />
<br />
Gu Liji felt his blood flowing faster and his body was very hot. Nya, who had not made a sound, looked at his father and his eyes also felt a little hot...<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会 <br />
<br />
VII. Press Conference<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来，当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书，1984年4月被聘为办公室主任。 <br />
<br />
After Gu Liji came out of the training course, he worked as the industrial zone office secretary for a period of time and was hired as the office director in April 1984.<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚，因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口，听说顾立基6日一早要去香港，5日晚我去登门拜访。 <br />
<br />
I didn't see Yuan Geng in July and returned to Guangzhou for business. I returned to Shekou on August 5, and heard that Gu Liji was going to Hong Kong early in the morning on the 6th. I came to visit him on the evening of the 5th.<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告，我为了听这个报告，推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的，谁都可以听，欢迎你去。”一见面顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。 <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng is back in Hong Kong and will return to Shekou tomorrow afternoon. He will give a report at 7:30 p.m. in the club auditorium. I postponed my trip to Hong Kong for a day in order to listen to this report. The report was public that anyone can listen to it. Welcome to listen." As soon as we met, Gu Liji told me the good news.<br />
<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗？” <br />
<br />
"Could he have time to talk to me?"<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难，他在蛇口不会待太久，一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告，你最好陪他回宿舍——他儿子的住处，或者宾馆，这样边走边谈，可以谈十来分钟……” <br />
<br />
"I'm afraid it's difficult. He won't stay long in Shekou and has many things to deal with once he returns. After hearing the report tomorrow, you'd better accompany him back to his dormitory--his son's residence, or the hotel, so that you can talk for ten minutes while walking..."<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗？ <br />
<br />
I was a little disappointed. Was Yuan Geng really so hard to see?<br />
<br />
不管怎样，先听听他的报告再说吧。 <br />
<br />
Anyway, listened to his report first.<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半，袁庚的报告准时开始。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng's report began on time at 7:30 p.m. on August 6.<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影，大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。今天这个会也叫新闻发布会，街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂，基本上坐满了，放眼望过去，都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。 <br />
<br />
The club's auditorium was usually used to show movies, and large-scale rallies and press conferences were sometimes held here. Today's meeting was also called a press conference, and there were posters on the street. The auditorium, which could accommodate over a thousand people, was almost full. Looking around, there were all young and happy faces. <br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上，顾立基主持大会。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng and the manager of the China Merchants Hong Kong Development Department Xiong Bingquan, who visited abroad with him, sat on the rostrum while Gu Liji presided over the conference.<br />
<br />
一开始，袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说： <br />
<br />
At the beginning, Yuan Geng laughingly shook two sheets of paper and said:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕，只讲个把钟头。” <br />
<br />
"Don't be afraid, everyone. I only speak for one or two hours."<br />
<br />
人们笑了，其实怕的是他讲得太短。 <br />
<br />
People laughed. They were actually afraid that he spoke too short.<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问，历时23天，访问了4个国家、16个公司、18个城市，从新加坡开始，往西到英国，再到美国、日本，整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处，受到隆重的、破格的接待，我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们四个人，而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化，在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到做蛇口人的光荣。” <br />
<br />
"This trip abroad lasted 23 days, and visited 4 countries, 16 companies, and 18 cities, starting from Singapore, west to the United Kingdom, and then to the United States, Japan, going around the world. Everywhere we went, we received a grand and exceptional reception, which I have never received as a diplomat. This is not because people value the four of us, but because of the changes in China Merchants Group and Shekou Industrial Zone. All of you have contributed. I deeply appreciate the honor of being a Shekou people."<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张，出国访问要花自己的钱，花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、软弱的地位。这次出访，他们带了20万美金的信用卡，足够用了，所到之处都坚持这个原则，唯独在新加坡失灵了。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng always advocated that he needed to spend his own money on overseas visits. Spending other people's money would put him in a passive and weak position in negotiations. On this trip, they brought $200,000 in credit cards, enough to use. He adhered to this principle everywhere he went, except in Singapore.<br />
<br />
那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系，但新加坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检，从飞机场一直送到最高级的香格里拉大酒店，袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前，这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫人；在他之后，住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨），每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观什么项目，全部满足要求。 <br />
<br />
At that time we didn't have diplomatic relations with Singapore, but the relevant party in Singapore was very friendly. They were exempt from customs inspection, and were sent from the airport to the top-class Shangri-La Hotel, where Yuan Geng was put in the most luxurious "presidential suite" (before him, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher stayed here; after him, U.S. Secretary of State Schultz lived), with a daily room rate of HK$5,000. Their all requirements are met, no matter what they wanted to visit.<br />
<br />
临走结账时，酒店经理说：“在你们到来之前，已经有人付了全部费用。” <br />
<br />
When they checked out before leaving, the hotel manager said, "Someone had already paid the full cost before you came."<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁，英国老板们在海员罢工浪潮的冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们，给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说：“我们原打算3年之内种植20万株月季，把蛇口建成玫瑰之城，现在看来太落后了……” <br />
<br />
They visited Aberdeen, the logistical base of the North Sea Oil Field in Britain. They were impressed by the warm and courteous reception that they received from British bosses who were under the impact of the wave of seamen's strikes. They were equally impressed by the boundless blooming roses in the north of England." We originally planned to plant 200,000 China roses in three years to turn Shekou into a city of roses, but now it seems too far behind..." Yuan Geng said.<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国，主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。 <br />
<br />
The visit focused on the United States, and the main task was to sign a contract for the introduction of a float glass factory.<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡，大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。 <br />
<br />
In Pittsburgh, the Greater Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce honored Yuan Geng as an honorary member.<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔，华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民，交给他一把金钥匙。女市长在宴会上说：“我是百分之百的中国人，也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说：“我很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判，就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过，”在经济问题上，兄弟无情，六亲不认！何况是与外国人谈判！” <br />
<br />
In Montreal, the American Chinese mayoress, Lily Lee Chen, declared Yuan Geng an honorary citizen and handed him a golden key. The mayoress said at the banquet, "I am 100 percent Chinese and 100 percent American." Yuan Geng said, "I appreciate her words." The negotiations about the introduction of the float glass factory were not so easy. Yuan Geng said, "In economic matters, I am ruthless to brothers and place righteousness above family loyalty! Not to mention that I am negotiating with foreigners!"<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前，有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过的曲折。 <br />
<br />
Before appreciating Yuan Geng's art of negotiation, it was necessary to review the twists and turns at home to introduce the factory.<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。 <br />
<br />
let's use Yuan Geng's words to illustrate the point.<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日，袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说： <br />
<br />
On March 22, 1984, Yuan Geng said in a speech to the students of the third training course for business management cadres:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件，大家听了很高兴，但我们不要高兴得过早。不要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了，但官僚主义、红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事，还是有的。例如我们正在谈判的浮法玻璃厂，到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃，为什么不准我们用最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ？最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局交涉。她们去的时候，人家一口答应，讲你们回去好了，但等我们企业室派人带合同去盖章的时候，又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干，他们讲：‘你们派了记者、作家来，我敢不答应吗？弄得不好，你们要写报告文学，写内参，我受得了吗’？……” <br />
<br />
"The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a document on March 10. We are very happy to hear it, but we should not be happy too early. Do not think that everything is solved after they said something. The previous open challenges may be gone, but there are still bureaucracy, jealous men, people who guess the mind of a man of high character with a mean thought, and things of giving others a hard time. For example, float glass factory that we are negotiating for has not been approved until now. Our country has to import a large number of glass every year, why are we not allowed to use the most advanced technology to make glass to replace into the imported glass? We recently sent two capable women to the General Administration of Building Materials to negotiate. When they arrived, the people here freely agreed and said they could go back in peace, but when our enterprise office sent someone to Take the contract to be sealed, they overruled it. When we asked why they did it, they said: 'You sent journalists and writers. Did I dare not say yes? If we didn't do well, you would write reportage and internal references, could I stand it'? ..."<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨，交涉了九个月，オ过了国内这一关。 <br />
<br />
Good things never come easy. They negotiated for nine months to overcome this domestic difficulty.<br />
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和美国人谈判，当然不可能用这么长的时间，但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想而知的。 <br />
<br />
Of course, it could not take such a long time to negotiate with the Americans, but the level of intensity of the bargaining could be imagined.<br />
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美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂，简直是一座玻璃城！它生产各式各样的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃，用25磅大锤从20米外打去，地皮都震动了，玻璃却安然无恙。我们和美国合资，投资一亿美元，引进一座同样的工厂，买他的专利，以后我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点，集中在每年所付专利费占销售总额的百分比上。 <br />
<br />
The American float glass factory was a factory with advanced technology, which was totally a glass city! It produced all kinds of glass. There was a kind of toughened glass that was hit with a 25-pound sledgehammer from 20 meters away and the ground shook, but the glass stayed intact. We had a joint venture with the United States. We invested $100 million to bring in the factory and buy its patents. Then we could build a second and a third. It was a good deal. And the negotiations focused on the percentage of the annual royalties to be paid in total sales.<br />
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美方要6%，我们还价4%。 <br />
<br />
The U.S. side wanted 6%, and we bargained for 4%.<br />
<br />
美方降到5%，我们加到4.5%。 <br />
<br />
The U.S. side dropped to 5%, and we increased to 4.5%.<br />
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寸利必争，形成僵局。 <br />
<br />
They competed for their own profit, and a stalemate was formed.<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng spoke.<br />
<br />
“先生们，我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针，2000年前发明了火药，全人类都在享受这些伟大的成果，可是他们从来没有要过什么专利，我们作为后代从来没有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋，而是觉得光荣。请问各位，那时候你们的祖先在哪里？恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前，是不是毛特别多……” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, our ancestors invented the compass 4,000 years ago, and gunpowder 2,000 years ago. All the human beings enjoy these great achievements, but the ancestors never asked for any patents. We as future generations have never called them bastards because of it, but feel honored. May I ask you, where were your ancestors at that time? I am afraid they were still in the trees. Please look at your chests, are they very hairy..."<br />
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美国人真的低头看自己的胸前，一个个咧嘴笑了。 <br />
<br />
The Americans really looked down at their chests, and all grinned.<br />
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“不过各位不要害怕，我的意思不是不付专利费，而是要求公平合理r’ <br />
<br />
"But don't be afraid. I don't mean not to pay the royalties, but to ask you to be fair and reasonable!”<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格，坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们，说不定会抗议呢！”你骂我们的祖先，是可忍，孰不可忍！” <br />
<br />
This was typical Yuan Geng's style, frank, humorous and witty. It worked on Americans. If it were us, might have protested! "You scolded our ancestors. If this can be tolerated, what can not!"<br />
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终于达成协议：4.75%，为期10年。 <br />
<br />
An agreement was finally reached: 4.75 percent for 10 years.<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进一个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂，专利费是5%，时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说： <br />
<br />
This was quite favorable. A major city introduced a British glass factory whose technology was not so advanced, with a royalty rate of 5% for 12 years. Yuan Geng finally said passionately:<br />
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“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处，绝不能走美国的路！ <br />
<br />
"The United States centralized the best and the worst things in the world. We have to learn from its strengths and never go the way of the United States!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退，工业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走，他们还有点生气，现在停滞不前了。 <br />
<br />
"The world economy is in recession and the industrial structure is being reorganized. Five years ago I went around the world and they were a little angry. Now they are stagnant.<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方，转移到太平洋沿岸。 <br />
<br />
"Some say the center of the world economy is going to shift to the East, to the Pacific coast, in the late 1980s.<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了，现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈，今天下午四点半一踏上蛇口码头，就感到无比的清新，感到一草一木都非常亲切。 <br />
<br />
"Our system has made people lazy in the past, and now it's changing. This time I traveled around the world. As soon as I stepped on the Shekou Pier at 4:30 this afternoon, I felt much refreshed and felt that everything was very familiar.<br />
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“10月1日，蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话，那是大家的功劳！ <br />
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"On October 1, the Shekou's float will pass in front of Tian'anmen Square! If it is thrilling, it's the contribution of everyone!<br />
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“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的，思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上，我们一定要赶上和超过他们！” <br />
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"The capitalist world is rich in material things and poor in mind. We are moving up. We must catch up and surpass them!" <br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时，宣布散会了，大家意犹未尽。 <br />
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After only one and a half hours, the meeting was declared closed. People were still being immersed.<br />
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走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了，我放弃了跟上去的打算。 <br />
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When Yuan Geng walked out of the meeting place, he was immediately surrounded by people. I gave up the intention of following him.<br />
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八、“搞什么阴谋诡计？” <br />
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Ⅷ. "What Schemes and Intrigues You Want to Go in for?"<br />
<br />
8月7日，袁庚开了一整天会，据说8日也不会有空，而9日一早又要回香港了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上，我给他写了一封信，说明这一次如果不能和他交谈，我将等待，直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨，我把这封信交给了工业区党委副书记乔胜利，请他转交。 <br />
<br />
On August 7th, Yuan Geng spent the day in meetings. It was said that he would not be free on the 8th, while he would go back to Hong Kong early in the morning on the 9th. I had no hope of seeing him in the next two days. In the evening, I wrote him a letter explaining that if I could not talk to him this time, I would wait until his next trip from Hong Kong. Early on the morning of the 8th, I handed the letter to Qiao Shengli, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone, asking him to deliver it.<br />
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8日上午，我到办公大楼访问王潮梁，两人刚坐下来，办公室副主任黄振超匆匆忙忙地叫我：“袁董回来了，快去见他！” <br />
<br />
On the morning of the 8th, I visited Wang Chaoliang at the office building. As soon as they sat down, Huang Zhenchao, deputy director of the office, called me hurriedly, “Mr. Yuan is back. Go and see him!"<br />
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我向王潮梁道了歉，说明另改时间，急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。 <br />
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I apologized to Wang Chaoliang, explaining to him to change the time, and hurriedly followed Huang Zhenchao toward Yuan Geng's office.<br />
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工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的，中间隔着大块的透明玻璃，老远就看见了袁庚，他手里正拿着一大摞文件。 <br />
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The industrial zone office and Yuan Geng's office were connected, separated by a large piece of transparent glass. I saw Yuan Geng far away. He was holding a large pile of papers.<br />
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我和他握手的时候，黄振超在旁边向他说明：”只是见见面，不会占你很多时间。” <br />
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When I shook hands with him, Huang Zhenchao explained to him from the side, "Just to see you. It won't take up much of your time."<br />
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袁庚却非常随便地笑着说： <br />
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Yuan Geng, however, smiled and said casually: <br />
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“你是《花城》的？来搞什么阴谋诡计？” <br />
<br />
"You're from ''Flower City''? What schemes and intrigues do you want to go in for?"<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了，而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。 <br />
<br />
A joke shortened the distance between us, and I felt that there seemed to be some kind of subtext behind this sentence.<br />
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我知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。 <br />
<br />
I knew Yuan Geng was also quite concerned about the problems of literature and arts. <br />
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梁宪说过，前几年在北京开会，有一天袁庚看了张洁的小说《爱，是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章，问他：”你认识这个作家吗？咱们把她请到蛇口去！”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所了解的，“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。 <br />
<br />
Liang Xian said that when he went to Beijing for a meeting a few years ago, one day Yuan Geng read Zhang Jie's novel ''Love must not be forgotten'' and related critiques, and asked him: "Do you know this writer? Let's invite her to Shekou!" I believe he knew something about the ''Flower City'', which had been attracting a lot of attention in the past few years, and the joke of "schemes and intrigues" was said not without reason.<br />
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我也笑着说： <br />
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I also said with a smile:<br />
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“我搞的是阳谋，要写你和蛇口。” <br />
<br />
"I want to go in for the overt conspiracy. I want to write about you and Shekou."<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下，舒服地往藤椅上一靠，摆出了准备谈一阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好，这里问题多得很，改革每前进一步都要经过斗争，到处充满着矛盾。” <br />
<br />
He led me to the small parlor between the two offices and sat down, leaning back comfortably in a rattan chair and assuming a posture as if he was ready to talk for a long time." I don't have anything to write about. Don't say everything is good here. There are many problems. Every step forward in reform has to fight for, and everywhere is full of contradictions."<br />
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我说：”正是这一点吸引了我。” <br />
<br />
I said, "That's what attracted me."<br />
<br />
“一个国家没有民主是不行的，而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国，政治家演说，群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿扔他，他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的，但这一套对巩固资产阶级的统治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底，孙中山是想搞民主的，他死得太早，没搞成。中华民族是伟大的，但是历史的包袱太重了。” <br />
<br />
"A country can't be better without democracy, and there is no democracy when the masses don't have the right to supervise and oust cadres. We have reformed the cadre system. In foreign countries, when a politician makes a speech, the masses can throw rotten eggs and tomatoes at him, and he still speaks with an umbrella in the way. You say his democracy is fake, but it's useful for consolidating the rule of the bourgeoisie. We should practice socialist democracy. China's bourgeois democratic revolution was not complete. Sun Yat-sen wanted democracy, but he died too early to achieve it. The Chinese nation is great, but the historic burdens are too heavy."<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说： <br />
<br />
Huang Hongjian, who came in halfway, interjected and said:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿，她在美国学企业管理，谈起来也说：在美国深有感慨，感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重。 <br />
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"I recently received the daughter of a comrade in charge of the central committee. She studied business management in the United States. She also said that in the United States, she had a deep feeling that our great nation's historic burdens are too heavy.<br />
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“美国这个民族，就没有什么框框，我在报告会上也说了，他们的总督牌香烟广告有一句口号是’想做就去做’，这句话香港也接受不了，译成’应做就去做’。当然，想干什么就干什么是不行的，但我们许多应干的事却干不成。” <br />
<br />
"As a nation, the United States hasn't many restrictions. As I said in the report meeting, their Viceroy cigarettes has a slogan in advertising 'If it's right, do it', this phrase can not be accepted in Hong Kong, translated as ‘do what you have to do’. Of course, we shouldn't do what we want, but we can't accomplish many of the things we have to do."<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历，他扼要地做了回答，着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命”中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时，这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来，微笑着站在那里不动，我知道是催他去开会，我们的谈话该结束了。 <br />
<br />
Then I asked him about his experience, and he gave a brief answer, focusing on his joining the Communist Party and his imprisonment during the "Cultural Revolution". We had been talking for almost an hour when Wang Jingui, deputy director of the Management Committee, walked in and stood still with a smile. I knew he was urging him to go to the meeting and it was time to end our conversation. <br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志，我们马上又赶到太子宾馆，和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢，对监狱内外情形都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说： <br />
<br />
Huang Hongjian made an appointment by phone with Comrade Wang Zongqian, the wife of Yuan Geng, who lived in the Prince Hotel, and we immediately rushed to there, talking with Mrs. Wang who was gentle and polite for an hour. What we talked about was mainly that Yuan Geng was in jail and was clear about the situation inside and outside the prison. Mrs. Wang said slowly and fondly: <br />
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“许多人经过那样的折磨，出来就蔦儿了，可是他不，他的劲头反而更大了。” <br />
<br />
"Many people were broken and never recovered after that kind of torture. But he didn't. He was even more aggressive."<br />
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我心里说：这オ是袁庚！ <br />
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I said in my heart: this is the real Yuan Geng!<br />
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过了几天，乔胜利对陈宜浩说：“袁董看了我的信，答应下次回来再和我谈。”可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。 <br />
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After a few days, Qiao Shengli said to Chen Yihao: "Chairman Yuan read my letter and promised to talk to me again the next time he came back." But soon he was invited to Fujian by Comrade Xiang Nan.<br />
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8月25日上午，我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息，急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联系。但是太迟了，他过了中午又要回香港，而上午的时间已经排满，就在和我通话的时候，他不得不放下电话去开门。他说： <br />
<br />
On the morning of August 25, I got the news that Yuan Geng had returned to Shekou and hurriedly called the Prince Hotel to contact him. But it was too late. He was going back to Hong Kong afternoon, and the morning was already full. And just as he was talking to me, he had to put down the phone to open the door. He said:<br />
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“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧，不要紧的，我们没有秘密。” <br />
<br />
"If you have any questions, just talk on the phone. It doesn't matter. We have no secrets."<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访，一时想不齐全，只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字，他一一做了回答：”这些也要发表吗？”我说：“不一定发表。”他说：”发表也没关系，那天我讲话外国人也听了。” <br />
<br />
I hadn't prepared for the telephone interview and couldn't think of all questions for a while, so I had to ask him a few details and figures about his visit abroad, and he answered them all and said: "Are these going to be published too?" I said, "Not necessarily." He said, "It doesn't matter if it is published, because foreigners listened to my speech that day too."<br />
<br />
我说：”将来排出校样，送给你看看好吗？免得事实有出入。” <br />
<br />
I said, "When the proof is done in the future, I will send you to see, okay? In case there is something different to the facts."<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查，出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的，难免出点差错。捅点娄子也不要紧。” <br />
<br />
"That is not necessary. Don't censor everything. It doesn't matter if something goes wrong. People are vivid and substantial, and mistakes are inevitable. It doesn't matter if you make some mistakes."<br />
<br />
<br />
“好了，谢谢您。” "Well, thank you."<br />
<br />
“谢谢。” "Thank you."<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。 <br />
<br />
I suddenly thought of two sentences from Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观，来到铝材厂门口时，他向学员们介绍：这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人，23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起来，大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停工，一个工人从高处摔下来受了伤，他的哥哥跑过去看了看，见弟弟没有生命危险，便又回去干活了。 <br />
<br />
Once Yuan Geng personally led the students in the training course for business management cadres to visit. When they came to the entrance of the aluminum factory, he introduced to the students: The construction of the factory building was put out to the Japanese. 23 Japanese built it in only 27 days. Even though the rain was so heavy that they could not open their eyes, they did not stop working. A worker fell from a high place and was injured, his older brother ran over to see that his brother was not in danger, and then he went back to work again.<br />
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袁庚说：“日本不富没有天理！中国改革不富也没有天理！” <br />
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Yuan Geng said, "There is no reason for Japan not to be rich! There is no reason for China’s reform not to be rich!"<br />
<br />
现在我想说：蛇口的改革不成功没有天理！ <br />
<br />
Now I would like to say: there is no reason for Shekou's reform not to succeed!<br />
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九、大鹏魂 <br />
<br />
Ⅸ. Dapeng Spirit<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚，魁梧、潇洒，兼有外交家和实业家的风度，具有一种吸引人的魅カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢？ <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was 66 years old, stout and dashing, having the air of both a diplomat and an industrialist and an attractive charm. From where did he come to us?<br />
<br />
拨开历史的迷雾，我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。 <br />
<br />
Clearing up the fog of confusion, we saw the solid footprints of a hot-blooded man.<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园，算是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。 <br />
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He was born in Shuiba Village, Dapeng Town, Bao'an City, Guangdong Province (now Longgang District, Shenzhen City). His family had an orchard and could be considered a well-off family. The wind and waves of Dapeng Bay cultivated his mind.<br />
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1935年，他毕业于广州广雅中学，随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测量员，他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校，陈济棠下台后，这家军校成了国民党中央军校的分校。 <br />
<br />
In 1935, he graduated from Guangzhou Guangya High School and then entered a surveying school. After a short period as a surveyor, he entered the Yantang Military Academy run by Chen Jitang, which became a branch academy of the Nationalist Party Central Military Academy after Chen Jitang stepped down.<br />
<br />
在学校里，袁庚是活跃的足球门将，练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕业，他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官，一个个腐化不堪，对民族危亡无动于衷，便愤然回到故乡大鹏镇，担任第一小学校长，同时兼任地方自卫队教官。 <br />
<br />
In school, Yuan Geng was an active goalkeeper and developed a strong body. After graduating from the military academy, he saw that the instructors, who were full of benevolence and morality, were all corrupt and indifferent to the national peril, so he returned to his hometown Dapeng Town in anger and became the principal of the first elementary school, while also serving as an instructor of the local self-defense troop.<br />
<br />
学校是国民党办的，自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的，但是学校和自卫队中都有中共地下党员。 <br />
<br />
The school was run by Nationalist Party and the self-defense troop was run by Deng Yanda's Third Party, but there were underground members of the Communist Party in both the school and the self-defense troop.<br />
<br />
戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚，在当地是一个重要人物，三种政治力量对他都很重视。 <br />
<br />
When Yuan Geng returned to his hometown, he was an important figure in the area, and all three political forces attached great importance to him.<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文，和他住到一起，亲自考察他。 <br />
<br />
Wang Wen, secretary of the underground County Committee of CPC, lived with him and examined him personally.<br />
<br />
革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
<br />
The hearts of revolutionaries and patriots were always in sympathy. Yuan Geng soon became friends with Wang Wen, Zhong Wen, Lai Zhongyuan and other underground party members, and was also close to Wang Bo, a teacher being trained by the party organization. Yuan Geng actively participated in all the activities to promote anti-Japanese, such as organizing evening schools and acting in plays. One time in the performance of "Put Down Your Whip", Wang Bo played the daughter who made a living by singing, and Yuan Geng played a young man who stopped the father from whipping his daughter. When he shouted "Put down your whip", he completely got into the role, forgetting that he was acting, and many audiences also rushed after him...<br />
<br />
1939年3月27日，袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党，从这一天起，他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。 <br />
<br />
On March 27, 1939, Yuan Geng was recommended to join the Communist Party of China by comrades Wang Wen and Zhong Wen. From that day on, he had lived up to the honorable title of member of the Communist Party of China.<br />
<br />
当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党的漫画，刺痛了国民党区党部，他的处境变得危险了，党组织于1939年冬天把他转移到党领导的抗日游击队，从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子，像大鹏一样展翅高飞了。 <br />
<br />
There was a local progressive publication "Dapeng Spirit". Yuan Geng published a cartoon satirizing the Nationalist Party in it, which stung the District Party headquarters of the Nationalist Party. His situation became dangerous and the Party organization transferred him to the anti-Japanese guerrilla force led by the Party in the winter of 1939, from which he began his fighting career in the East River Column. The son of Dapeng Bay spread his wings and flew high like the roc (named Dapeng in Chinese).<br />
<br />
抗日战争期间，美军作为盟军，在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组，担任东纵联络处处长的袁庚，和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示，东纵和美军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报，对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。 <br />
<br />
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the U.S. Army, as an allied force, sent an observation group in Yan'an and one in the East River Column. Yuan Geng, who was the director of the Liaison Office of East River Column, remained in regular contact with the U.S. military observation group in East River Column. According to the instructions of the Central Committee, the East River Column and the U.S. observation group exchanged information about the Japanese army in South China, which played a positive role in defeating Japanese imperialism.<br />
<br />
日寇投降时，英军远在缅甸，一个海军少将只率领一营人乘航空母舰赶到香港。他的兵力不足以维持治安，要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央，中央复电：为了对付国民党的内战阴谋，坚决撤离港九地区；同时要求在香港设立联络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判，袁庚不辱使命，漂亮地完成了任务，并成为驻香港办事处的第一任主任，这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能想到，历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折，二十多年后，这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。 <br />
<br />
When the Japanese aggressors surrendered, the British army was in Burma. A Rear Admiral led only one battalion to Hong Kong by an aircraft carrier. His forces were not enough to maintain law and order, and he asked our Hong Kong-Kowloon detachment of the East River Column not to retreat. The East River Column asked the Central Committee for advice, and the Central Committee replied with a telegram: In order to deal with the conspiracy of the Nationalist Party's civil war, evacuate the Hong Kong-Kowloon area resolutely; at the same time, set up a liaison agency in Hong Kong. The East River Column sent Yuan Geng to Hong Kong to negotiate. Yuan Geng fulfilled his mission, doing his job well and became the first director of the Liaison Office in Hong Kong, which was the predecessor of the Hong Kong branch of Xinhua News Agency later. Who would have thought that the way forward of history could be so twisted and more than twenty years later, these achievements had become "crimes".<br />
<br />
十、秦城监狱 <br />
<br />
X. Qincheng Prison<br />
<br />
1968年4月6日，袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家，到机关去上班。北京的4月初，春寒料峭，风沙迷眼，加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报，形成一片肃杀气氛，使袁庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作，刚告一段落，还来不及喘口气，就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息，他于愤懑中保持着镇定。 <br />
<br />
On April 6, 1968, Yuan Geng left his home in Xiyuan early in the morning and went to work. In early April in Beijing, the spring air was chill, and the wind and sand got into the eyes, with ferocious big-character posters everywhere, which formed an awful atmosphere, making Yuan Geng extremely depressed. He had just come to the end of his work of receiving and transporting Chinese refugees from Indonesia and he couldn't even catch his breath before he returned to work. Recently, he kept hearing the news that his old comrades in the East River Column had lost their freedom or their whereabouts were unknown. He kept his composure in the midst of his resentment.<br />
<br />
回到办公室不久，有人通知：“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门，看到除部长之外，还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长，面孔板得像一座木雕。 <br />
<br />
Soon after he returned to the office, someone informed him, "The minister wants to see you." He opened the door of the minister's office and saw that in addition to the minister, there were two public security officers. The minister, whose name often appeared in the newspapers, pulled a face like a wooden statue.<br />
<br />
“袁庚，你被捕了！” <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng, you're under arrest!"<br />
<br />
下午，机关召开大会，部长在会上宣布：”袁庚是美国特务，已经依法逮捕。“袁庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和刘丹一，互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周总理安全的情景，记忆犹新，那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间，周旋于华侨社会之中，眼睛熬红了，人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场，天理何在？！ <br />
<br />
In the afternoon, the organ held a general meeting and the minister announced: "Yuan Geng is an American spy and has been arrested in obedience to the law." Yuan Geng's close friends and neighbors, Liu Yamin and Liu Dan Yi, who worked together with him as consuls at the consulate-general in Jakarta, Indonesia, in the 1950s, exchanged looks of grief and indignation. In 1954, Yuan Geng and they worked together to defend the Bandung Conference and the security of Premier Zhou. The memory of the scene was still vivid. At that time, when Yuan Geng traveled between Jakarta and Bandung, circulated among the overseas Chinese community, his eyes were red, and he lost a lot of weight by overwork. Such loyalty ended up like this. Where was the justice?<br />
<br />
与此同时，汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中，勒令交出所有的钥匙，开始抄家。翻箱倒柜，从下午抄到天黑，然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时，オ发现三个孩子被关在门外不准进家，左邻右舍也不敢收留，孩子们在抹眼泪…… <br />
<br />
At the same time, Comrade Wang Zongqian was brought back home from his office, and ordered to hand over all his keys. They began to search her house. They rummaged the whole house, from afternoon to dark, and then brought her back to the office to search her desk. When she went out, she found that three children were shut out of the house and not allowed to enter the house. The neighbors did not dare to take them in, and the children were wiping their tears...<br />
<br />
从此以后，袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里，也不知是死是活，到哪里打听都说不知道。1969年，汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校，孩子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”，但作为“反革命家属”，她只能干最脏最累的活，如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎，痛得胳膊抬不起来，医生建议回北京治疗，干校就是不准。直到1972年初夏，她的大孩子中印就要下乡插队了，她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服，打点行装，オ被批准。 <br />
<br />
From then on, Yuan Geng disappeared from life. Wang Zongqian did not know where he was locked up, nor did she know if he was dead or alive. Everywhere she asked all said he did not know. In 1969, Wang Zongqian went to a cadet school in Zou County, Shandong Province, with the organ, while the children stayed in Beijing to live with their grandmother. Although Wang Zongqian was considered a "student of the cadre school", but as a "family member of a counter-revolutionary", she could only do the dirtiest and most tiring works, such as taking away manure from privies and washing toilets. Her left shoulder was suffering from periarthritis of the shoulder. It was so painful that she couldn't lift her arm. The doctor suggested that she go back to Beijing for treatment, but the cadre school didn't allow it. Until the early summer of 1972, when her eldest child, Zhongyin, was about to go and work in the countryside, she asked for leave to return to Beijing to wash her child's clothes and pack his luggage, which was approved.<br />
<br />
1972年7月，袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后，有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去探监。“他还活着，他还活着！”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。 <br />
<br />
In July 1972, when Yuan Geng was arrested for four years and three months, someone suddenly informed Wang Zongqian to visit him in Qincheng Prison. "He is still alive, he is still alive!" Wang Zongqian's heart was stuffed with this thought.<br />
<br />
汪宗谦心酸地发现，袁庚行走困难，说话声音也变了，而且他不知道当时是何年何月！ <br />
<br />
Wang Zongqian sadly find that Yuan Geng was difficult to walk, his voice had changed, and he even didn't know when it was!<br />
<br />
原来监狱里日夜亮着灯，犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替，失去了时间的概念；睡觉时只准脸朝外，一条腿总是压在下边，时间长了造成萎缩；长期不讲话，声带都沙哑了。 <br />
<br />
It turned out that the prison was lit day and night, so the prisoners could not distinguish and remember the alternation of day and night, losing the notion of time; they only allowed to sleep with their face outward, and one leg was always pressed down, which caused atrophy over time; they didn't speak for a long period, so the vocal cords were hoarse.<br />
<br />
我曾经听说，袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西，只有放风时在天井里看到墙根的小草。 <br />
<br />
I once heard that Yuan Geng could not see anything alive for several years in prison, and only saw the grass at the foot of the wall in the patio when he was allowed to go out.<br />
<br />
问他是不是这样，他说： <br />
<br />
When he was asked if this was the case, he said:<br />
<br />
“不，还有蚂蚁，我对蚂蚁很有研究。” <br />
<br />
"No, there are ants. I studied ants a lot."<br />
<br />
这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量！ <br />
<br />
How much heavy weight this easy sentence contained!<br />
<br />
汪宗谦见过了袁庚，就为救他而奔走了。 <br />
<br />
Having met Yuan Geng, Wang Zongqian ran around to save him.<br />
<br />
“没见他不知道他死活，既然知道他还活着，我就怕他死了！问题还没搞清，死了孩子们都得背黑锅呀！他住在楼上，要到楼下的天井放风，上下都很辛苦，我到中央接待站去上访，请求把他搬到楼下来，这个要求被接受了。” <br />
<br />
"I didn't know if he was dead or alive when I didn't see him, and since I knew he was alive, I'm afraid he will die! The problem is not yet clear, and the children will have to get the blame if he is dead! He lived upstairs and had to go downstairs to the patio to breathe the fresh air. It was hard to get up and down, so I went to the reception center of the central committee to ask for moving him downstairs, and this request was accepted."<br />
<br />
袁庚搬到楼下的一间房，发现席子底下有一团花白的头发，他判断这里关过一个五十多岁的女同志。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng moved to a room downstairs and found a tangle of white hair under the matting. He judged that a female comrade in her fifties had been imprisoned here.<br />
<br />
后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事，王光美说：“没错，正是我住过的那间房。” <br />
<br />
Later he talked about it accidentally with comrade Wang Guangmei at a banquet, who said, "Yes, it was exactly the same room I lived in."<br />
<br />
袁庚出狱，已是1973年9月30日，整整关了5年半。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was released from prison on September 30, 1973, after five and a half years.<br />
<br />
在狱中，睡觉时只要一转身，看守就在外边敲门。夜晚，敲门声常常把人惊醒。袁庚回到家里，刚一入睡就惊醒了，这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年，这种心悸病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能，却用了更长的时间。每天，汪宗谦搀着袁庚，一步，一步，慢慢地走，越走越远，越走越快，走了一年之久，两条腿オ恢复了平衡。 <br />
<br />
In prison, when he was sleeping, as soon as he turned around, the guard was outside knocking on the door. At night, the knocking often woke him up. After Yuan Geng returned home, he woke up just as soon as he fell asleep, which was the real lingering fear. After half a year, this fear gradually disappeared. And it took longer to restore the function of that atrophied leg. Every day, Wang Zongqian helped Yuan Geng, step by step, slowly walking, further and faster. After walking for a year, his two legs restored the balance.<br />
<br />
更可悲的是，有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子，出来不会走直路了，一走就转圈，连马路也不能过。 <br />
<br />
What was more sad was that some people walked in circles for years in their cells, and when they came out, they couldn't walk straight, they walked in circles and even couldn't cross the road.<br />
<br />
人啊，人！ <br />
<br />
Oh, human!<br />
<br />
人的尊严到哪里去了！ <br />
<br />
Where had the dignity of human gone!<br />
<br />
经过一年多的休养治疗，1975年，袁庚被分配到交通部，当了外事局副局长。 <br />
<br />
After more than a year of recuperation and treatment, Yuan Geng was assigned to the Ministry of Communications as the deputy director of the Foreign Affairs Bureau in 1975.<br />
<br />
一恢复工作，袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体一样活跃起来。 <br />
<br />
Once he returned to work, Yuan Geng's mind became as active as his newly recovered body.<br />
<br />
恢复工作之前，袁庚骑自行车上街，总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道，“不能开慢点吗”！恢复工作之后，自己也坐上了小汽车，有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了，“不能靠边骑吗”！他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化，在心里警告自己道：”可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀！” <br />
<br />
Before he resumed work, Yuan Geng rode a bicycle to the street and always felt that the cars passing by were too overbearing, "Can't you drive slower"! After he resumed work, he also drove the car and sometimes felt that the bicycles on the road were in the way, "Can't you ride on the side"? He soon realized this subtle change in his mental state and warned himself, "I can't let my position dictate my thinking!"<br />
<br />
多年来，这成了他的一个信条。 <br />
<br />
Over the years, this became one of his credos.<br />
<br />
十一、香港第一课 <br />
<br />
Ⅺ. The First Lesson in Hong Kong<br />
<br />
1978年，做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚，以花甲之年改行搞经济，被派到香港招商局担任副董事长。 <br />
<br />
In 1978, Yuan Geng, who had spent most of his life in military and diplomatic work, changed his career to economics in his sixties and was sent to the China Merchants Hong Kong to serve as vice chairman.<br />
<br />
招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日，招商局香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱，从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长，所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。从李鸿章算起，袁庚是第29任了。 <br />
<br />
China Merchants Group was founded in 1872 by Li Hongzhang, a northern minister in the Qing Dynasty. On January 15, 1950, the 13 ships of the Hong Kong branch of China Merchants Group rose in revolt and returned to the embrace of the motherland, then becoming the representative agency of the Ministry of Communications in Hong Kong. Previous ministers of the Ministry of Communications also served as chairman of the China Merchants Hong Kong, so the vice chairman was the de facto person in charge. Reckoning from Li Hongzhang, Yuan Geng was the 29th minister.<br />
<br />
香港招商局在极'左’思想影响之下，经营单一，困守一隅，搞了几十年没有什么发展。袁庚到任，根据中央定下的“以航运为中心，立足港澳，背靠内地，面向海外，多种经营，工商结合，买卖结合”的方针，以铁腕大力整顿。 <br />
<br />
Under the influence of the thought of the extreme 'left’, the China Merchants Hong Kong was very conservative with narrow business scope, and didn't develop much for decades. When Yuan Geng took office, he made energetic efforts to rectify with an iron fist, according to the policy of "shipping as the center, based on Hong Kong and Macao, backed by the mainland, facing overseas, a variety of business, combination of industry and commerce, and combination of buying and selling" set by the central committee.<br />
<br />
袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said in his speech at the Economic Seminar of Part Coastal Open Cities:<br />
<br />
“我到香港的第一课，就是买了一座大楼，非常便宜，只花了6180万（港币）。第一次交订金时，支票2000万。那天是星期五，当时讲好下午2点钟，在一个律师楼里，大家一手交钱，一手交货。我们开了2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里，发动机都没有停。一上去之后，大家一手交货，一手交钱，签字。签完字，对方拿着支票，两个人夹住，下去了。剩下一个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度，马上存到银行里去了。因为明天是礼拜六了，人家银行关门，礼拜天也关门，假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前不到银行去交那个支票的话，他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支票交给他。我们的财务去了，他回来向我们报告，他说当时那个场面是很动人的。当然，我们闭着眼睛也能想到，资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重视，当时浮动利息是14厘，三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志，那就无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去，回家。他没有这个观念！这就是香港第一课。我也不怕自惭形秽，一窍不通，我接触经济工作，仅仅是5年多前开始的。但一开始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多！招商局的子公司多的是，一检查，发现支票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了，换了一个华东财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后，我就给他讲这个道理，一个礼拜之内他就能够接受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事，立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后，财源滚滚而来。……这个‘时间就是金钱’，不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我，其实这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’，它说得比我还厉害，时间重于金钱！” <br />
<br />
"My first lesson in Hong Kong was to buy a building, which was very cheap, costing only 61.8 million (Hong Kong dollars). The deposit I paid for the first time was a cheque for 20 million. It was a Friday, and it was agreed that we would cash on delivery at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, in a lawyer building. We signed a cheque for 20 million and went to the lawyer building. There were many people from the seller's side. A few cars were parked downstairs, with their engines running. Once we went up, we cashed on delivery, and signed. After signing, the other party took the cheque, two people clamped it, and went down. One boss was left to talk to us about the aftermath. The cheque was sent to the bank to be deposited immediately by a car as fast as possible. Because tomorrow was Saturday, the bank was closed, and was also closed on Sunday. If he didn't go to the bank to hand over that cheque before 3 o'clock on Friday afternoon, he would lose the interest of 20 million for three days. So he asked for the cheque to be delivered to him on time. Our accountant went there and he came back to report to us, and he said it was a very moving scene. Of course, we could think it blindfolded. Why the capitalist attached so much importance to the interest of 20 million in the bank for three days. At that time, the floating rate was 1.4%, and three days means tens of thousands of dollars of interest. If it was our comrade in the mainland, it didn't matter. This check would be put at home and he would go home. Because he didn't have this concept! This was the first lesson I learned in Hong Kong. I'm not afraid to be ashamed of myself and know nothing about it. I just started working in the economy more than five years ago. But as soon as I started, I realized that we have a lot of problems with economic work in China! There are many subsidiaries of the China Merchants Group. When I checked, I found that they thought putting the cheque at home overnight was not a serious thing. Soon I changed the accountant and replaced him with a graduate from the East China College of Finance and Economics. When he came, I told him it, and within a week he was able to accept it. He said that money management here was totally different from the mainland, and he would immediately rectify it. After the rectification, the money was rolling in... 'Time is money' is not unreasonable. Now many people scold me. Actually, this phrase was not invented by me. China has long spoken 'An inch of time is worth an inch of gold', which is said more strongly than my words. Time is more important than money!"<br />
<br />
招商局走上轨道，袁庚就考虑进一步的发展了。1979年初，他和有关同志带着在蛇口开发工业区的蓝图，到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志很感兴趣，当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给工业区，袁庚还没有这个胆量，只要了2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候，袁庚心里默默地说： <br />
<br />
After China Merchants Group was on the right track, Yuan Geng considered further development. At the beginning of 1979, he and some related comrades went to Beijing to report to Li Xiannian, and Gu Mu with the blueprint for developing the industrial zone in Shekou. Li Xiannian and Gu Mu were very interested, and agreed to give the entire Nanshan Peninsula to the industrial zone. But Yuan Geng did not have the guts, only receiving 2.14 square kilometers. When Comrade Li Xiannian picked up his pen to sign their report, Yuan Geng silently said in his heart:<br />
<br />
“先念同志，签吧，您这一笔下去，将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀！” <br />
<br />
"Comrade Xiannian, sign it. With this stroke written down, future generations of the Chinese nation will be benefited ah!"<br />
<br />
十二、清新 <br />
<br />
Ⅻ. Freshness<br />
<br />
1984年8月，蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅，迎面是一架屏风，正中间挂着一幅草书，苍劲流畅的书法，引人注目，细看那内容，更是气度非凡。这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本，把它抄了下来。 <br />
<br />
In August 1984, the first painting and calligraphy exhibition in Shekou Industrial Zone opened. The audience entered the exhibition hall, facing a screen, with a cursive calligraphy hanging in the middle. The strong and smooth calligraphy was eye-catching. When looking closely at the content, it was more imposing. This was the work of the versatile Yuan Geng. I couldn't resist pulling out my notebook and copying it down.<br />
<br />
登微波楼 <br />
<br />
Climbing the Microwave Telecommunication Building<br />
<br />
微波楼上，雨初晴，水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小，探手银河可摘。鹰掠浮云，鸥翻怒浪，何惧风雷激。掀天揭地，方显男儿胆识。梧桐山挹群峰，若游龙，直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海，洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排，帆樯队列，似神蛇添翼。中华崛起，英雄豪杰辈出。 <br />
<br />
Standing on the Microwave Telecommunication Building, it just clears up after the rain and the sky is clear blue after being immersed in water. I look far away, finding that the universe is so small, as if I can reach for the Milky Way. The eagle glides through the floating clouds, and seagulls flip over the surging waves, who are completely unafraid of the gathering storm. The world is shaken, showing the courage and insight of men. The peaks of the Wutong Mountain, like dragons in flight, sweep across Tuen Mun in the northwest. Rolling Pearl River flows south into the sea, showering Lindingyang Bay with spring scenery. The factory buildings are located like fish scales, and the ships are in a queue, like the divine snake who has grown wings. With the rise of China, numerous heroes have emerged.<br />
<br />
时维甲子，序属清明，雨后登蛇口微波楼，有清新感，兴之所至，填［念奴娇］。格律工否，非所计也，取其义耳。 <br />
<br />
Now is Pure Brightness in 1984. After the rain, I climb the Microwave Telecommunication Building in Shekou and have a feeling of freshness. Then I write a poem to the tune of Nian Nu Jiao while the whim lasts. I don't consider the rules and forms of the poem, but the meaning of it.<br />
<br />
宝安袁庚 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng in Baoan<br />
<br />
我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过，“每登微波楼，均有清新感”。可见“清新感”一词不是随便用的。 <br />
<br />
I paid attention to the words "have a feeling of freshness". In a letter to Liu Da, the president of Tsinghua University, Yuan Geng also said, "Every time I climb the Microwave Telecommunication Building, I have a feeling of freshness. It was clear that the phrase " a feeling of freshness " could not be used casually.<br />
<br />
我有同感。 <br />
<br />
I felt the same way.<br />
<br />
蛇口经过5年多的建设，已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区，当然以工业为主。引进项目98个，有52个已经开业投产。几十座工厂，几百栋宿舍楼，海滨的花园别墅，在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排，帆樯队列”，完全是写实，没有一点夸张。工业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头，许多外国石油公司和财团的代表机构也在这里办公，水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前，蒲公英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上，就是引进的具有20世纪70年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望，整个工业区尽收眼底，难怪这是袁庚心爱的一个去处。 <br />
<br />
After more than five years of construction, Shekou had become a new type of seaport. The industrial zone, of course, focused on industry. 82 projects had been introduced, 52 of which went into production. Dozens of factories, hundreds of dormitory buildings, and garden villas at the seaside went up at the desolate beach. "The factory buildings are located like fish scales, and the ships are in a queue" was written realistically, without any exaggeration. The seven-story office building of the Industrial Zone’s management committee was located close to the Wuwan Pier, where the representative offices of many foreign oil companies and consortia also worked here. The hydrofoils ran between Shekou and Hong Kong. In front of the building, a dandelion-like circular water sculpture splashed water like pearls. On the hill behind the building was the introduced microwave telecommunication building with the advanced level of the 1970s. Climbing the building to look around, the whole industrial area could be seen. No wonder this was Yuan Geng's favorite place to go.<br />
<br />
六湾中央的岸边，停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪华的大型客轮，诞生于1962年的法国，后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间，它在海洋上奔波，到过数十个海港城市，如今它退役了，古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归宿之地。它虽然不再航行，但风姿不减当年，以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜，灯火通明，烟花四起，它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候，一片反对之声，现在事实说明，它为蛇口添了异彩，对的又是袁庚。 <br />
<br />
The Minghua ship, which was dedicated an inscription of "Sea Word" by Deng Xiaoping, docked at the shore of the central area of Liuwan Bay. This luxury large passenger ship was born in France in 1962, and was later bought by Guangzhou Ocean Shipping Company. Over the past 21 years, it had traveled on the ocean and visited dozens of seaports. Now that it was retired, the ancient but young Shekou had become its home. Though it no longer sailed, but its charm was as good as ever, attracting thousands of visitors with its rooms, restaurants, dance hall, shopping mall and amusement park. At night, with its bright lights and fireworks, it seemed to be a palace on the sea. When Yuan Geng decided to spend 3 million yuan to buy it last year, many people disagreed with him. Now the facts showed that it had added a different color to Shekou. Yes, it was Yuan Geng again.<br />
<br />
晚上，我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上，观两岸灯火，听一片涛声，历史和现实在脑海里交叉、叠印，我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远，就是伶仃洋，就是珠江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音，陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音，仿佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮，更是历史的见证。 <br />
<br />
In the evening, I went for a walk at the seaside. I sat on the stone rail, watching the lights on both sides of the sea, listening to the sound of the wave, history and reality crossing and overprinting in my mind, and my heart could not calm down like the sea. Not far to the west, was the Lonely Ocean (Lindingyang Bay), which was the mouth of the Pearl River. The sound of Wen Tianxiang's sighing "On Lonely Ocean now I feel dreary and lonely" and the sound of Lu Xiufu's throwing himself into the sea with the Song Emperor on his back seemed to come from the depths of history. The rusty ancient cannon on the Chiwan Zuo Fort was also a witness of history.<br />
<br />
144年前，面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队，它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼，从而揭开了鸦片战争的序幕。但是，它能打掉海盗船的威风，却打不掉清王朝的腐朽，它和林则徐一道被出卖了。花开花谢，潮涨潮落，一百年过去了，终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚，指挥炮兵健儿，威震敌胆，一举解放了这片土地，解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到，30年的历史弯路，辜负了这大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心，月黑风高之夜，来到这荒凉的海滩，从这儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙，涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候，痛苦的心情真是难以表达。现在好了，オ过去五年，不过是历史的一瞬，蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色，他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喁喁私语的情侣，望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的孩子，心里暗暗地说：祝福你们，幸运的蛇口人！ <br />
<br />
Some young people lost confidence in the motherland. They came to this desolate beach in the dark and windy night, swimming to the lights on the other side from here. Some of them drowned in the halfway, and the tide pushed their bodies back to the place where they started. When Yuan Geng returned to Shekou five years ago and saw the bodies of these unfortunate people, it was hard to express his pain. Now, only five years passed, which was a moment in history, Shekou's lights at night were not inferior to the other side of the sea. It was said that Yuan Geng once drove on the other side of the sea to look at the night of Shekou, and I think it was also hard to express his joyful feelings. I looked at the couples whispering to each other on the benches in the seaside garden, at the children dancing around their young parents, and secretly said: Bless you, lucky Shekou people! 144 years ago, in the face of the unbeatable British Imperial Fleet, it bravely gave its first roar, thus opening the prologue of the Opium War. However, it could knock down the might of the pirate ships, but not the decadence of the Qing Dynasty, and it was betrayed along with Lin Zexu. With flowers blooming and fading, and the tide rising and falling, a hundred years passed, and it finally ushered in the earthshaking changes in 1949. Yuan Geng, the head of the artillery regiment of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, commanded the artillery soldiers to strike terror into the hearts of the enemy, and liberated this land and Dachan Island on Lindingyang Bay at one stroke. But no one expected that 30 years of historical detours failed to live up the beautiful land’s expectations.<br />
<br />
这还是看得见的清新气象，还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、工资制度的改革，由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化，这些属于上层建筑领域的清新之处，比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。 <br />
<br />
These were the visible fresh scenes, but there were also the invisible ones. The reform of the economic system, the personnel system, the wage system, the changes in human relations and values caused by these changes, which were the freshness of the superstructure, was more beautiful and moving than the brilliant lights of the night.<br />
<br />
啊，清新的蛇口！ <br />
<br />
Ah, the fresh Shekou!<br />
<br />
十三、心血 <br />
<br />
XIII. Painstaking Effort<br />
<br />
清新动人的蛇口，是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。 <br />
<br />
The fresh and attractive Shekou was sculpted by thousands of laborers with their painstaking efforts and hands.<br />
<br />
这中间，袁庚倾注了更多的心血。 <br />
<br />
And Yuan Geng devoted more efforts.<br />
<br />
工业区创建初期，香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥，他出色地贯彻了袁庚的意图，艰苦深入，日夜辛劳，给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港后，袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计，又关心具体问题，处理问题总是站在战略的高度，高瞻远瞩。他一天工作十几个小时，中午在藤椅上靠几分钟又工作了，晚上常常熬到深夜。 <br />
<br />
In the early days of the industrial zone, Zhang Zhensheng, the general manager of Ocean Shipping Company affiliated to China Merchants Hong Kong, served as the commander-in-chief. He carried out Yuan Geng's intention brilliantly, going into more depth about it, working hard day and night, which left a deep impression on people. After he was transferred back to Hong Kong, Yuan Geng took on the main leadership position of the industrial zone himself. He not only considered the overall policy, but also cared about the specific problems. He always dealt with problems from a strategic height and looked far ahead. He worked more than ten hours a day, leaning on a rattan chair for a few minutes at noon and then working again. He often stayed up late at night.<br />
<br />
第一批引进的工厂中，有个华美钢厂，是招商局与香港合资的企业。 <br />
<br />
Huamei Steel was one of the first factories which were introduced, which was a joint venture between China Merchants Group and Hong Kong.<br />
<br />
这位姓施的老板，本来是经营地皮股票的，对办工厂并无兴趣。 <br />
<br />
The owner, surnamed Shi, used to trade land stocks, and was not interested in running a factory.<br />
<br />
袁庚在印尼工作时结识的一位华侨朋友，代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术，认为在蛇口办一间轧制钢材的钢厂有利可图，便极カ劝施老板投资。 <br />
<br />
A Chinese friend, who was met by Yuan Geng while he was working in Indonesia, investigated the steel technology in the country in Boss Shi's stead. He thought it was profitable to run a steel mill that rolled steel in Shekou, so he tried to advise Boss Shi to invest.<br />
<br />
双方有利，一拍即合。 <br />
<br />
The two sides were favorable, and they immediately agreed.<br />
<br />
引进的设备在国内是先进的，投资额近一亿港元。 <br />
<br />
The equipment introduced was advanced in China, and the investment was worth nearly HK$100 million.<br />
<br />
1984年春，钢厂股东和工业区管委会举行联席会议，讨论经营方面面临的问题。港务公司提出一个悬案：建厂初期，厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的露天堆场，已经7个多月，港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费，而厂方拒绝付款，一直未能解决。 <br />
<br />
In the spring of 1984, shareholders of the steel mill and the industrial zone management committee held a joint meeting to discuss the problems in management. The ports company put forward an unsolved case: in the early days of the factory, more than 3000 tons of steel were stacked in the open yard of Wuwan Pier. It had been more than seven months, and ports company wanted to collect HK $600000 in stacking fees, but the factory refused to pay, which had not been solved.<br />
<br />
这个问题一提出，气氛紧张起来，施老板很激动，把财务经理和总工程师都叫来，讨价还价。他们说，工厂里没有堆场，所以无法提货，这不能怪他们。袁庚提出到工厂去看看，确实没有堆场，但那是管理不善造成的，只要加以整顿，就完全可以清出堆场来。 <br />
<br />
As soon as this question was raised, the atmosphere became strained. Boss Shi was so excited that he called the financial manager and the chief engineer to haggle. They said there was no yard in the factory, so they could not take delivery of the goods, which could not blame them. Yuan Geng proposed to the factory to see. There was no storage yard indeed, but it was caused by mismanagement. As long as to rectify, they could completely clear a storage yard.<br />
<br />
施老板知道理亏，答应出一半堆放费。 <br />
<br />
Boss Shi knew that he was in the wrong position, promising to pay half of the stacking fee.<br />
<br />
事情没有解决，该吃午饭了，袁庚说下午再议。 <br />
<br />
The matter was not resolved. It was time to eat lunch, and Yuan Geng said to discuss it in the afternoon.<br />
<br />
午饭后的短暂时间，袁庚当机立断，做了我方人员的思想工作，说明吸引施先生投资办工厂不易，应从大处和远处着眼，做出让步。 <br />
<br />
In a short time after lunch, Yuan Geng made an immediate decision to do the ideological work of our staff, explaining that it was not easy to attract Mr. Shi to invest and run the factory, so they should look at the big picture and the long term, to make concessions.<br />
<br />
下午会一开始，施老板就不耐烦地说： <br />
<br />
As soon as the meeting started at noon, Boss Shi said impatiently:<br />
<br />
“袁老板，你拍板吧！工厂你招商局也有份的！” <br />
<br />
"Boss Yuan, you decide! Your Merchants Group take a share of the factory as well!"<br />
<br />
袁庚不紧不慢地说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said unhurriedly:<br />
<br />
“这件事，我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的，工厂怎能长期让它堆放在码头？工厂没有堆场，这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对，你们为什么不催货主提货，任凭这些钢铁长期堆放？难道只要有堆放费可收就行了？你们应当考虑工业区的全局利益，考虑如何促进生产。 <br />
<br />
"In this case, I think there is blame on both sides. Since the steel belongs to the factory, how can the factory let it be stacked at the pier for a long time? The factory does not have a store yard, which is caused by management chaos. The ports company is also wrong. Why didn't you urge the owner of the cargo to take delivery of the goods and let the steel pile up for a long time? Do you just need to have a stacking fee to collect? You should consider the overall interests of the industrial zone and consider how to promote production.<br />
<br />
“出现这样的问题，是第一次，我的意见，这一次堆放费就免了，下不为例，工厂必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。” <br />
<br />
"It is the first time that such a problem has occurred. My opinion is that the stacking fee will be waived this time, and it will not be repeated next time. And the factory must remove these steels as soon as possible."<br />
<br />
这种出乎意料的处理方式，使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说：“谢谢你，袁先生！我口服心服！工厂接受批评，一定限期运走。”之后施老板积极性大增，双方合作一直很好。 <br />
<br />
This unexpected treatment impressed Boss Shi, who was in his thirties. He stood up and said, "Thank you, Mr. Yuan! I was sincerely convinced! The factory accepted the criticism and must take them away within a certain time limit." Since then, Boss Shi had been more active and the cooperation between the two sides had been always very good.<br />
<br />
创造良好的投资环境，使投资方有利可图，才能进一步吸引外资，这一直是袁庚的一个指导思想。 <br />
<br />
Creating a good investment environment made investors profitable, and then further attracted foreign investment, which had been a guiding ideology of Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上，袁庚宣布装卸费减半，博得一阵热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解，后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光，这措施对吸引外资起了很好的作用。 <br />
<br />
In 1982, at the opening ceremony of the Shekou Branch of Nanyang Commercial Bank, Yuan Geng announced that the handling fee had been halved, which won a burst of warm applause. At that time, some comrades did not understand, and later the facts proved Yuan Geng's strategic vision. This measure played a good role in attracting foreign investment.<br />
<br />
在日本三洋（蛇口）公司的开业典礼上，袁庚风趣地对来宾说： <br />
<br />
At the opening ceremony of Japan Sanyo (Shekou) Company, Yuan Geng said humorously to the guests:<br />
<br />
“先生们，我们希望你们赚钱，你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, we hope you can make money, and we win when you make money."<br />
<br />
这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说： <br />
<br />
This certainly didn't mean in any way that we didn't want to make money. Yuan Geng also said to the bosses of Western oil companies:<br />
<br />
“先生们，我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来，那就看我的本事了。” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, I'm going to take money out of your pockets. And whether I can get the money depends on my ability."<br />
<br />
对这些坦率的语言，老板们总是报以掌声。 <br />
<br />
The bosses always applauded such frank words.<br />
<br />
但是，如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益，那就错了。 <br />
<br />
However, it would be wrong to think that Yuan Geng disregarded the principles of socialism and the interests of workers.<br />
<br />
在根本问题上，袁庚是坚定不移的。 <br />
<br />
On the fundamental issue, Yuan Geng was steadfast.<br />
<br />
1983年5月，由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震动整个工业区的事件。 <br />
<br />
In May 1983, an incident that shook the entire industrial zone occurred at the Kaida Toy Factory, which was wholly owned and operated by Hong Kong Kaida Industries Limited.<br />
<br />
一个时期以来，这家工厂为了追求超额利润，强迫工人超时加班，有时干到凌晨4点甚至6点，一个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地，工人发病率急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为工业区人们议论的焦点。 <br />
<br />
For a period of time, in pursuit of super profits, this factory forced workers to work overtime, sometimes as late as 4 a.m. or even 6 a.m., with one worker doing the work of the two. Many workers fainted from exhaustion, and the morbidity rate of workers rose sharply. Those who refused to work overtime would be fired. The Kaida factory became the focus of discussion in the industrial zone.<br />
<br />
5月下旬，工业区召开首届团代会，凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季，接受了大量订单，正在拼命赶工。尽管团代会是晚上举行，并不占用正常的劳动时间，厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳萍平时劳动质量好，效率高，很少出差错，可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停工，罪名是”拒绝加班”。 <br />
<br />
In late May, the industrial zone held the first League Member Congress, and Zheng Yanping, a female worker in the Kaida factory was a representative of league members. However, at this time, the factory accepted a large number of orders to meet the key season for sales of International Children's Day, and was desperately trying to catch up with the work. Although the congress was held in the evening and didn't take up the normal working time, the factory still didn't allow Zheng Yanping to attend. Zheng Yanping usually had good labor quality and high efficiency, and rarely made mistakes, but because she attended the League Member Congress, the factory still unreasonably stopped her work with the charge of "refusing to work overtime".<br />
<br />
工人们愤怒了！蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下，岂能任资本家为所欲为！ <br />
<br />
The workers were angry! After all, Shekou was ruled by socialism. How could they let the capitalists do whatever they want!<br />
<br />
共青团管不了工厂的事，工会来管。 <br />
<br />
Matters beyond the Communist Youth League's control, could be controlled by trade union.<br />
<br />
凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的一个大厂，当时有1200多名工人，占工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候，管委会副主任熊秉权说：“凯达厂工会搞不起来，整个工业区等于没搞！”厂工会建立起来了，由工业区团委副书记端木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘，别看才23岁，已经做了三年团的专职干部，在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿舍，她就向工业区领导写过一个调查报告，当时招商局从全局考虑，没把这件事闹大，平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报工业区领导。 <br />
<br />
The Kaida factory was a large factory with early investment and a large number of workers in the industrial zone, which had more than 1200 workers, accounting for one-third of the total number of workers in the zone. When preparing for the establishment of trade union, Xiong Bingquan, the deputy director of the management committee, said: "If the Kaida factory trade union could not be organized, the entire industrial zone was not built too!" The factory trade union was established, and Duanmu Mo, the deputy secretary of the League Committee of the industrial zone, was also the chairman of the union. This girl with glasses from Lianyungang, Jiangsu, although only 23 years old, had been a full-time cadre of the league for three years, who was unequivocal on matters of principle. Last year, she wrote an investigation report to the leaders of the industrial zone about the illegal search of workers' dormitories in the Kaida factory. At that time, China Merchants Groups considered the big picture, and didn't escalate, resolving it peacefully. Now Duanmu Mo promptly reported the situation to the leaders of the industrial zone step by step.<br />
<br />
报告送到袁庚手里。 <br />
<br />
The report was sent to Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
袁庚没见过郑艳萍，但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道，近来更关心着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng had never met Zheng Yanping, but he had dealt with the female workers in the Kaida factory three years ago. Recently, he was more concerned about their recent situation. He had fatherly feelings for them.<br />
<br />
1981年，袁庚从香港过来，听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡，没有桌子写信，写信要在走廊里写，有些人想家流泪，马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心，安慰工人，答应三天内一定解决她们的困难，临走伸出小手指说： <br />
<br />
In 1981, Yuan Geng came from Hong Kong and heard that the female workers in the Kaida Factory had no hot water for bathing, no table for writing letters, who had written them in the corridor, and some of them were homesick with tears. So he immediately went to the dormitory with Liu Qinglin, the deputy director, and Yu Weiping, the office director, to visit the workers. He had a heart-to-heart talk with the workers, comforted them, promising to solve their problems within three days. Before leaving, he stretched out his little finger and said:<br />
<br />
“你们信不信我的话？要不要勾手指？” <br />
<br />
"Do you believe me or not? Do you want to have a pinkie promise?"<br />
<br />
姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲，脸上的愁云一扫而光，开朗地笑了：“我们相信！” <br />
<br />
The girls did not expect the commander-in-chief to be so amiable, and the sad clouds on their faces were swept away and they smiled broadly: "We believe you!"<br />
<br />
“我们相信！”这不是相信袁庚他个人，而是相信党，相信社会主义啊！如今厂方对待工人无理到这种地步，再让步就丧失原则了。 <br />
<br />
"We believe you!" This was not to believe in Yuan Geng personally, but to believe in the Party, to believe in socialism! Now the factory treated the workers unreasonably to such an extent, and it would be a loss of principle to give in again.<br />
<br />
他激动地在报告上批道： <br />
<br />
He excitedly criticized in the report:<br />
<br />
“加班应是自愿原则，要找资方严肃讲清楚，不准他们胡来。” <br />
<br />
"Overtime work should be voluntary. We should make it clear to the management seriously, and don’t allow them to mess about with it."<br />
<br />
替工人说话，帮郑艳萍复工，维护独资企业工人的合法权益，工会是责无旁贷的。 <br />
<br />
It was the duty of the trade union to speak for the workers, help Zheng Yanping to resume work, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the workers of the sole proprietorship.<br />
<br />
根据他的批示精神，端木默深入女工宿舍，反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加班，找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后，往往谈到一两点钟。有的工人怕老板报复，在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲，常在深夜去敲她的门。经过一个多月的艰苦劳动，终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委，赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强，工作认真负责，积极主动。 <br />
<br />
According to his instructions, Duanmu Mo went deep into the female workers' dormitory and repeatedly made a lot of investigations. As workers had to work overtime, she usually talked to workers after 12 o'clock at night, often talking to one or two o'clock. Some workers were afraid of retaliation from the boss, they didn't dare to talk in front of others in the dormitory, and often knocked on her door late at night. After more than a month of hard work, she finally mastered a large number of first-hand materials. The Shenzhen Federation of Trade Unions Working Group once wrote to the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone for it, praising Comrade Duanmu Mo for her high vigilance, strong organization, conscientious and responsible work, activeness and initiative.<br />
<br />
接着，在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切配合下，把工厂几年来违法的行为，包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍，侵犯人权，以及厂方无限制加班加点，给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来，整理成材料，向厂方提出：如不改正错误，就诉诸法律，寻求法律途径解决。 <br />
<br />
Then, under the specific guidance of the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone, the District Trade Union and the Shenzhen Federation of Trade Unions and with the close cooperation of all relevant departments, all the illegal acts of the factory over the past few years, including the illegal search of the workers' dormitories last year, human rights violations, and the unrestricted overtime required by the factory, which brought serious harm to the health of the workers, were collected and compiled into materials and proposed to the factory: If they didn't correct the mistakes, they would resort to the law, seeking legal solutions.<br />
<br />
厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下，厂主不得不答应给郑艳萍复工，补发停工期间的工资，工人加班自愿，每天加班时间控制在两小时以内。 <br />
<br />
The factory understands the consequences of resorting to the law. The law of value worked. With the efforts of many parties, the factory owner had to promise to allow Zheng Yanping back to work, compensating the wages during the suspension period. And the workers worked overtime voluntarily, with overtime hours limited to less than two hours a day.<br />
<br />
斗争胜利了。 <br />
<br />
The struggle was won.<br />
<br />
原来很普通的女工郑艳萍，在斗争中受到锻炼，成了凯达厂工会副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默，现在已由工业区组干处推荐，考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系，凯达厂工会工作的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了。 <br />
<br />
Zheng Yanping, a very ordinary female worker before, was trained in the struggle and became the vice president of the trade union of the Kaida factory and a women's commissioner of the trade union of the industrial zone. Duanmu Mo, who had majored in English in Lianyungang for two years, was now recommended by the Division of Organizing Cadres of the industrial zone and enrolled in the business management department of Shenzhen University's cadre training course, and the burden of trade union work in the Kaida factory fell on her shoulders.<br />
<br />
工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争，这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯达厂开工以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口“到底姓社还是姓资”的人，也可以从这里得出必要的结论。 <br />
<br />
All the sole proprietorships and joint ventures in the industrial zone had seen this struggle, and the victory of this struggle was our total comeback against a series of bad behaviors of the Kaida factory since it started work. Those who doubted whether Shekou was surnamed "Socialism or Capitalism" could draw the necessary conclusions from here.<br />
<br />
十四、玫瑰之城 <br />
<br />
XIV. The City of Roses<br />
<br />
“袁庚考虑方针大计，包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了10万元专款，还从北京请来了二刘。”工业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。（今年4月，比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任，他改任副主任，这就是能上能下。） <br />
<br />
"The major policies and measures Yuan Geng considered included planting roses to beautify Shekou. He took out a special loan of 100,000 yuan from the bank and invited Double Liu from Beijing." Comrade Yu Weiping, former office director of the industrial zone and now deputy director of the office, introduced to me. (In April this year, Gu Liji, who was younger than him, became the director of the office, and he became the deputy director. That was being able to take a lower as well as a higher post.)<br />
<br />
二刘，就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹一。 <br />
<br />
Double Liu, was Yuan Geng's old friends Liu Yamin and Liu Danyi.<br />
<br />
刘丹一，江苏海门人，祖先以种花和养盆景出名，有“田状元”之称，他自己也从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后，没有了种花的闲情逸致，“十年动乱”中靠边站，这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历史较短，才三年，但由于潜心研究，也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北京月季花协会的理事，各自种着几百棵月季。 <br />
<br />
Liu Dan Yi, from Haimen, Jiangsu Province, whose ancestor was famous for flower planting and Bonsai cultivation and was known as the "Number One Scholar in Farmland", also loved flower planting since he was a child. After he joined the New Fourth Army in 1940, he did not have time and mood to grow flowers. When he stood aside during the "Ten Years of Turmoil", he picked up the hobby again. The flowers he planted were quite famous in Beijing. Liu Yamin had a shorter history of planting flowers, only three years, but due to his dedicated research, he was also an expert in planting flowers. Both of them were directors of the Beijing China Roses Association, and each of them planted hundreds of China roses.<br />
<br />
67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部，工资不低，又都有美满的家庭，本应在首都安享天伦之乐，但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到蛇口来了。 <br />
<br />
67-year-old Liu Yamin and 64-year-old Liu Danyi were both retired. They were quite responsible cadres. Their wages were not low, and they had happy families, so they should have enjoyed their happy lives in the capital, but Yuan Geng "instigated" them to Shekou.<br />
<br />
“不是袁庚请，我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。 <br />
<br />
"If Yuan Geng hadn't invited us, we wouldn't have come." said Liu Yamin, a tall and strong old man.<br />
<br />
刘丹一还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人，北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉，袁庚亲自写信把他聘请了来，充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人，作家沈从文的表侄，画家黄永玉的表弟，他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北京父母身边，因为语言不通，9岁オ开始上小学。读了9年书，初中毕业那年碰上“文化大革命”，进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”，把工厂的花盆全砸了，院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了，这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可怜那些花木和小树，晚上，他偷偷地把一棵小枣树带回家，栽在院子里，同时开始种起花来。他没有更高的境界，只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西；故乡的山花多美呀，为什么在北京就不能种呢？从此他和花结下了不解之缘。 <br />
<br />
Liu Danyi also recommended a young man, Long Quan, 36 years old, a director of the Beijing China Roses Association, to Yuan Geng. Yuan personally wrote a letter to hire him to serve as Double Liu's assistant. Long Quan was a native of the Tujia ethnic group in western Hunan, a cousin of the writer Shen Congwen and a cousin of the painter Huang Yongyu, whose father was a professor at the Central Academy of National Minorities. He grew up in his hometown until he was 7 years old and then came to live with his parents in Beijing. Because of the language difficulties, he didn't go to elementary school until he was 9 years old. After studying for 9 years, he encountered the "Cultural Revolution" when he graduated from middle school and became an apprentice in a Beijing Automobile Factory. The Red Guards entered the factory to Attack on the Four Olds, smashing all the plant pots and uprooting the jujube trees as thick as the thumb in the yard, which the simple Tujia man could not understand in any way. He took pity on the flowers and small trees. At night, he secretly took a small jujube tree home and planted it in the courtyard. At the same time, he began to plant flowers. He didn't have a higher realm, but just instinctively felt that he should love and protect beautiful things; how beautiful the flowers on the hills in his hometown were, and why couldn't he plant flowers in Beijing? From then on, he had an inseparable relationship with flowers.<br />
<br />
他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部，却把全部业余时间花在种花上，到了入迷的程度。经过十几年风雨，院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了；他种的400多株玫瑰，年年换代，驰名京华。别看他没上过大学，北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究生，也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展，展出400多个品种，3000多盆，其中就有他送展的20盆花，每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前来参观，他陪同介绍，园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻轻，貌不惊人，而且颇为土气，就故意考他，指着一株名花问他那是什么品种，他不假思索地答道： <br />
<br />
He later became a cadre of the Nationality Printing Press Factory, but he spent all his spare time on planting flowers to the extent of obsession. After more than a decade of wind and rain, the jujube tree in the courtyard had grown up and fruited; he planted more than 400 roses, blooming every year, which was famous in Beijing. Although he hadn't been to college, but the graduate students of Professor Chen Junyu, the director of Department of the Horticulture in Beijing Forestry College, also asked him to give lectures. In May 1983, Beijing held the third Moonflower Exhibition, displaying more than 400 varieties and 3,000 pots, including 20 pots of flowers he sent to the exhibition with one variety per pot. Marianne, an expert from the Federal France, came to visit and he accompanied her to introduce, with a chief engineer from the Bureau of Parks acting as a translator. Seeing that he was young, homely, and a little bit rustic, the expert deliberately tested him, pointing to a famous flower and asking him what variety it was. He replied without thinking:<br />
<br />
“这是贵国的‘明星’、世界十大名种的第三名，在20世纪70年代是最好的。” <br />
<br />
"This is the 'star' of your country, the third in the world's top ten species, which was the best in the 1970s."<br />
<br />
联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实，龙泉不但能识别数百个品种，而且知道许多品种的来历和传说，谈起来如数家珍。 <br />
<br />
The expert from Federal Germany was greatly surprised. In fact, Long Quan could not only identify hundreds of varieties, but also knew the origin and legends of many of them, and he was very familiar with them when talking about them.<br />
<br />
5月6日，他带着600株花苗，乘飞机到达广州，当天工业区的汽车便把他接到蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话，问他是否适应这里的生活，他说：“要做开拓者，决不当逃兵！”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上，5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京，一个月后，再次带了4000多株苗回来。 <br />
<br />
On May 6, he arrived in Guangzhou by plane with 600 seedlings, and a car from the industrial zone took him to Shekou that day. On the 8th, Yuan Geng talked with him and asked him whether he adapted to life here, and he said, "I want to be a pioneer, and will never be a deserter!" The survival rate of the seedlings he brought was over 90%. On May 17, Yuan Geng asked him to follow Liu Danyi back to Beijing, and a month later, he brought back more than 4,000 seedlings again.<br />
<br />
如今老少三人住着工业区的一套三房一厅，客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电视机，煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准，他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他们自得其乐。每天上午，两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃，顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、施肥；龙泉则早出晚归，整天待在苗圃和工人一起干。 <br />
<br />
Now the three young and old men lived in an apartment with three rooms and one living room in the industrial zone. There were only a few rattan chairs and a black-and-white TV in the living room, and they cooked and washed clothes by themselves. According to the standard of Shekou, their life was humble. But they enjoyed it. Every morning, the two old men walked 20 minutes to the nursery, under the burning sun to guide workers to graft and fertilize; Long Quan went out early in the morning and went back home late at night, staying in the nursery and working all day with workers.<br />
<br />
我对种花是外行，听他们谈花经，得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来的。”刘亚民老人对我说，“任何花果，不嫁接就退化。比如桃树，再好的桃子，把核种下去长出来就是毛桃，不能吃，只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉，就更复杂了。” <br />
<br />
I was a layman in planting flowers, and l benefited a lot when I listened to them talk about their experience of planting flowers. "Good varieties were created by grafting and hybridization." Liu Yamin said to me, "Any flowers and fruits will degenerate without grafting. For example, no matter how good a peach is, it will bear wild peaches when its kernel was planted, which can't eat. The tree can only be used as the rootstock for grafting. Hybridization needs to be hand-pollinated, which is even more complicated."<br />
<br />
我心里却想，蛇口的改革，不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗？多年来我们闭关自守，总以为自己的体制最纯，好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上，结果怎么样呢？大家都知道了。杂交出新，这恐怕是一条普遍规律，包括写文章在内，不能老是墨守成规。 <br />
<br />
But I thought to myself that wasn't the reform of Shekou also a sense of grafting and hybridization? For many years we closed the door on ourselves, always thinking that our own system was the purest, as if Marx only sat on our bed, and what was the result? We all knew. New products were created by hybridization, which was even a universal law, including writing articles that could not always stick to established practice.<br />
<br />
龙泉年轻，想得更多一些。他说，中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载，外国原来只有一般的玫瑰，没有四季开花的月季，月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后约瑟芬的玫瑰园里，就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后，随着国家的衰弱，月季的种植也凋零了，现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会，我们中国还没有，只是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流，我们拿不出什么优良品种。外国人感兴趣的古老品种，像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等，已经很难寻了。 <br />
<br />
Long Quan was young and thought a little more. He said that there were records of moonflowers in China since the Jin Dynasty. There were only ordinary roses in foreign countries, but no China roses blooming all year round. The China rose came from China. In the rose garden of Josephine, the queen of Napoleon, there were China roses introduced from China. After the Opium War, with the weakening of the country, the planting of China roses also faded. Now there were China rose associations in the United States, Japan, Germany, France and other countries, but China didn't have one yet. Only Beijing, Shanghai and other cities just established it. People wanted to exchange with us, but we couldn't take out any good varieties. The old varieties that foreigners were interested in, like green rose, Ardisia faberi, Paul Neyron, Old Blush, etc., were already hard to find.<br />
<br />
“现在世界上最好的品种是什么？”我问。 <br />
<br />
"What is the best variety in the world now?" I asked.<br />
<br />
“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中，一个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。” <br />
<br />
"Yellow Peace is the best. It was cut and sent to the United States by a French in World War II."<br />
<br />
“你有什么打算？” <br />
<br />
"What are your plans?"<br />
<br />
“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说，月季不适应太热的气候，24摄氏度以上就开不好，现在是7月，你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究，使蛇口不但成为玫瑰之城，而且四季都能开好。” <br />
<br />
"I want to let China rose take root in Shekou. Generally speaking, China roses don't adapt to hot climate, and don't bloom well above 24 degrees Celsius. Now it is July, you see, the flowers are very small. I want to do some research to make Shekou not only a city of roses, but they can bloom well in all seasons."<br />
<br />
“你在这里干两年，你爱人没有意见吗？” <br />
<br />
"Doesn't your wife have complains with you working here for two years?"<br />
<br />
“当然有意见。我结婚晚，孩子オ3岁，我来的时候，她和孩子送到飞机场，临上飞机，孩子喊爸爸，我差点掉下眼泪，头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇ロ，个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下，他又说，”有人说我是为了四大件，为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了，住的也宽敞。这里每月给我200元，可是空军后勤部请我去种花，每月给250，还有小车坐，我也没去。来这里一个多月了，什么‘海上世界’、购物中心，我不知道在哪儿，我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。” <br />
<br />
"Of course she has complains. I married late, and the child was only 3 years old. When I was going to come here, she and the child sent me to the airport. Before boarding the plane, when the child shouted father, I almost fell into tears, and I did not dare to look back. But I did not regret it. It was worth making some personal sacrifices to beautify Sheko. The two old comrades were my role models." After a pause, he added, "Some people said I came to Shekou for four major possessions, for high wages. In fact, I have all the major possessions at home, and I live in a spacious house. I was given 200 yuan a month, but the Air Force Logistics Department invited me to plant flowers, 250 yuan per month, and I could sit in a small car. I didn't go. I have been here for more than a month. I don't know where the 'Sea World', and shopping centers are. I only know the road from the dormitory to the nursery."<br />
<br />
在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里，听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心声，我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草，在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同志，你真行，你把这三位种花人请到蛇口，他们不仅能种玫瑰，而且正在种鲜艳的精神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰，我们一定也会有的。 <br />
<br />
In the simple bamboo scaffold of the rose nursery, I heard this dark-faced and thin Tujia man pour out his heart, and was deeply moved. There are plenty of fish in the sea and there were beautiful hearts everywhere in Shekou. Comrade Yuan Geng, you were really good. You invited these three flower growers to Shekou, who could not only grow roses, but were growing bright spiritual flowers. We must have the blooming roses you saw in England in the future.<br />
<br />
十五、激动的工程师 <br />
<br />
XV. The Excited Engineer<br />
<br />
7月10日，《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息，标题是《蛇口观念》。在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下，有一段话说： <br />
<br />
On July 10, the ''Yangcheng Evening News'' published a news from Xinhua News Agency on the front page with the headline "Shekou Concept". Under the subheading of "Cadres must create a new situation", there was a paragraph saying:<br />
<br />
蛇口有一个“海上世界”，它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸边，作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个“海上世界”的前任经理作风正派，工作辛苦，不久前却被解聘了。原因是他在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。 <br />
<br />
Shekou has a "Sea World", which fixed a large decommissioned tourist ship on the shore of Shenzhen Bay as a hotel and entertainment venue. It is said that this unique hotel is also rare in the world. The former manager of this "Sea World" is decent and hard-working, but was dismissed not long ago. The reason was that he did not make a groundbreaking contribution to "Sea World".<br />
<br />
“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献！”“海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程师十分激动地对我说。 <br />
<br />
"I disagree that I did not make a groundbreaking contribution!" "Engineer Wang Chaoliang, the former general manager of "Sea World", said to me with great excitement.<br />
<br />
的确，我听到的议论，大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业，为“海上世界”尽早开业做出了贡献；说他只干了155天，已经开始赢利，把他换下来是没有理由的；说华轮大部分职工怀念他，如果举行投票，他肯定会占压倒优势…… <br />
<br />
Indeed, most of the comments I heard were sympathetic to Wang Chaoliang. They said that he worked hard to start the business and made contributions to the opening of "Sea World" as soon as possible; that he worked for only 155 days and already started making profits, so there was no reason to replace him; that most of the employees of Guanghua Ship missed him, and if there was a vote, he would definitely have an overwhelming advantage...<br />
<br />
“对袁董我是很敬佩的，蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题上，我不理解他为什么这样做！我一直是按照他的指示工作的，如果说我有缺点，那么谁没有缺点？” <br />
<br />
"I have great respect for Chairman Yuan, and the reform and achievements of Shekou are inseparable from him. But on the issue of the Minghua ship, I don't understand why he did it! I have always worked according to his instructions, and if I have shortcomings, and then who doesn’t have?"<br />
<br />
46岁的王潮梁，个儿不高，精力充沛，说话直言不讳，丝毫不掩饰他的激动情绪。我觉得能够理解他，而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了17年飞机设计，5年飞翔船设计，壮志未酬，抱着极大的希望来到蛇口，本想趁壮年干一番事业，不料明华轮的事业刚刚开始，却被换了下来，他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang, 46 years old, not tall, was energetic and outspoken, who didn't hide his excitement. I felt I could understand him and wanted to build a friendship with him. He had been engaged in aircraft design for 17 years and hydrofoil design for 5 years, and his ambition was not fulfilled. He came to Shekou with great hope, hoping to achieve something in his prime, but unexpectedly he was replaced just as his career in Minghua ship had started. His painful feeling was conceivable.<br />
<br />
他平静下来，和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。 <br />
<br />
He calmed down and talked to me about the situation before and after the opening of Minghua ship.<br />
<br />
王潮梁是1983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经理的。11月22日，明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平，道路未修好，上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上，工作量都很大。12月1日晚上，董事会决定1984年1月15日试开张，2月1日正式开张。 <br />
<br />
On November 19, 1983, Wang Chaoliang was appointed as the general manager by the board of directors of Sea World Corporation Limited. On November 22, the Minghua ship was towed to its present location. At that time, the beach had not been filled in and the road had not been built, so it was necessary to take a small boat to board the ship. The workload on the ship and on the shore was huge. On the evening of December 1, the board of directors decided to have a soft opening on January 15, 1984, and officially open it on February 1.<br />
<br />
袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会，每次打长途电话来必问明华轮。12月初，他从北京回来了，看到开张准备工作不太理想，十分焦急。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was extremely concerned about the opening of Minghua ship. He was in Beijing for a meeting, and every time he made a long-distance call, he asked about Minghua ship. In early December, he came back from Beijing and was very anxious after seeing that the preparations for the opening were not good enough.<br />
<br />
管委会组干处的袁复兴，每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上，他跑到明华轮附近时，大约6点钟光景，四下无人，只见袁庚独自站在海滩边，竖起呢子大衣的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风，默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织干部，知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚，继续沿着海边跑去。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Fuxing of the Management Committee's Division of Organizing Cadres started to run at 5 o'clock every morning. On the morning of the 7th, when he ran to the vicinity of the Minghua Ship, at about 6 o'clock, there was no one around, only to see Yuan Geng standing alone by the beach, who turned up the collar of his wool coat to break the icy wind, and silently looked at the Minghua ship. The organization cadre, who understood Yuan Geng's character well, knew that Yuan Dong was dissatisfied with the progress of the work. He didn't disturb Yuan Geng and continued to run along the seashore.<br />
<br />
当天傍晚，袁庚又来到明华轮附近，正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗立和秘书俞奇。 <br />
<br />
In the evening of that day, Yuan Geng came to the vicinity of the Minghua Ship again, meeting General Manager Wang Chaoliang, Vice General Manager Hu Zongli and his secretary Yu Qi.<br />
<br />
“你们准备几时开张？”袁庚单刀直入，问王潮梁。 <br />
<br />
"When are you going to open?" Yuan Geng asked Wang Chaoliang in a straightforward manner.<br />
<br />
“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。 <br />
<br />
"We are going to open on February 1." Wang Chaoliang replied.<br />
<br />
“我和你没有共同语言！”袁庚不留情面地说。 <br />
<br />
"I have no common language with you!" Yuan Geng said bluntly.<br />
<br />
“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。 <br />
<br />
"He's just been in office for more than half a month..." The secretary Yu Qi said carefully.<br />
<br />
“我不管！他是总经理我就找他！”袁庚一甩手，愤然转身走去，几个人紧紧跟在后边。走到海景餐厅门口，袁庚站定，继续说： <br />
<br />
"I don't care! Because he is the general manager, I must talk to him!" Yuan Geng flung his hand, turned around and walked away indignantly, with several people following closely behind. Walking to the door of the sea-view restaurant, Yuan Geng stood still and continued to say:<br />
<br />
“干工作，就要呕心沥血，全力以赴，不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急，你们不急吗？” <br />
<br />
"We have to spare no pains and make all-out effort to work, and can't drag our feet. As an old man, I am very anxious. Aren't you guys not anxious?"<br />
<br />
“袁董，我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。 <br />
<br />
"Chairman Yuan, that was exactly what I did." Wang Chaoliang said this in a way neither servile nor overbearing.<br />
<br />
“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了，同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张，可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号，再过8天，12月15号，必须部分开张。” <br />
<br />
"I know you work hard. But it's too late to open in February, comrade! You can't just open it after everything is done. You can open it partially. Today is December 7, and eight days later, on December 15, it must be partially opened."<br />
<br />
“我们一定做到！”王潮梁立即表态，同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿），双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去，态度已经缓和了，对着女秘书俞奇说：”小俞，吃得消吗？你父亲有没有这样骂过你？” <br />
<br />
"We will do it!" Wang Chaoliang immediately commit himself, took out the "Business plan of Sea World Corporation Limited" (discussion draft) drafted by the deputy general manager Hu Zongli, and presented it to Yuan Geng with both hands. When Yuan Geng took it, he softened, saying to the female secretary Yu Qi, "Yu, can you bear it? Has your father ever scolded you like this?"<br />
<br />
父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
<br />
Yu Qi, whose father was the director of a provincial cultural bureau, had seen leading cadres with all kinds of temperaments and was not nervous: <br />
<br />
“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
<br />
"There is nothing I can't bear. But my father was not too fierce."<br />
<br />
当天晚上，袁庚几乎彻夜不眠，仔细审阅了《经营方案》，就在方案上面大笔挥洒，写了一个长长的批语： <br />
<br />
That night, Yuan Geng almost stayed up all night, carefully reviewing the "business plan" and writing a long remark on it with a stroke of the pen:<br />
<br />
“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全，什么都搞好了再开张，因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为，不要等什么条件都具备才开始营业，早点开业可以逐步改善，逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的才开业，恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的，把企业成败当成个人成败，呕心沥血，全力以赴，搞好经营作风，服务一流，哪怕一时赚不了钱，也是可以允许的，谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的，蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样一个‘海上世界’，这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异彩。对经理人员我是信任的，应给予他们更大自主权，以便于发挥他们的群策群カ的创新和负责精神，让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧，要支持，不要一遇挫折就泼冷水。 <br />
<br />
"This report and analysis are basically scientific. But the Management Department always want to make everything perfect, and open it when everything is done, so they postponed the opening until next February (Spring Festival). I personally think that we should not wait for all conditions to open. If opening early, they can gradually improve it and practice. ... If they think that everything has to be done properly before opening, I am afraid that it will never be perfect and they have to prepare for a loss for six months. People should have a little spirit. Even if they can't earn money for a period, it can be acceptable to take the success or failure of the enterprise as personal success or failure, spare no pains, make all-out effort, do a good job in management style, and provide a first-class service. No one is sure that he must make money. But there is one thing I always believe, Shekou Industrial Zone needs such a 'sea world' like Minghua ship, which can add a different color to Shekou for the whole country. I trust the managers, and they should be given greater autonomy in order to make use of innovations from their collective wisdom and efforts and responsible spirits. Let these young people make their own way. We have to support them, not pour cold water when they meet setbacks.<br />
<br />
“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够，则应加以鼓励、批评。 <br />
<br />
"But sometimes they are helpless in the face of difficulties or lack the determination and courage to overcome difficulties, and they should be encouraged and criticized.<br />
<br />
“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了，一直抓得不紧，没有一种紧迫感，现场冷冷清清，船上、地上工程进度慢，互相埋怨，人事部门在调人方面不够有力，董事会有时处于无人拍板的状态...... <br />
<br />
"It has been half a month since the Minghua ship sat on the beach, they have not held on tightly without a sense of urgency. The site is deserted, and the progress of works on the ship and ground is slow. They complain to each other. The personnel department is not strong enough in transferring people. The board of directors sometimes doesn't have one man who can finally decide...<br />
<br />
“明华轮工程和全面工作，我感到很难过，和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪，可能他们年轻人受不了，但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作，争取早日部分开业……” <br />
<br />
"I feel very sad about the project and the comprehensive work of Minghua Ship, so I was excited when I talked to people in Management Department. As the young people, perhaps they could not stand it, but they all said afterward that they must catch up on preparations on the ship and strive for partial opening as soon as possible..."<br />
<br />
第二天上午，招商局远洋公司总经理江波，根据袁庚批语，组织有关部门开联席会议，落实了12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的一星期。 <br />
<br />
The next morning, the general manager of China Merchants Group Ocean Shipping Company, Jiang Bo, according to Yuan Geng's remark, organized a joint meeting of the relevant departments, confirming the specific measures for the opening on December 15. Then came a week of intense work around the clock.<br />
<br />
12月15日，明华轮准备好了50间客房，袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备情况，表示满意。12月16日，第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日，公司董事长王今贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。 <br />
<br />
On December 15, 50 rooms were ready for Minghua Ship. Yuan Geng, Jiang Bo and Wang Jingui went on board to check the preparations for the opening and expressed their satisfaction. On December 16, the first guests boarded the ship for accommodation. On December 23, Wang Jingui, the chairman of the company, hosted a banquet for foreign guests and Hong Kong businessmen in the industrial zone in the ballroom of Minghua Ship.<br />
<br />
1984年1月26日，邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮，在船上用午餐和休息，听取了袁庚的汇报，邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬四海。 <br />
<br />
On January 26, 1984, Deng Xiaoping and other leading comrades of the Central Committee boarded Minghua Ship, having lunch and resting on board, and listening to Yuan Geng's report. Deng Xiaoping happily wrote an inscription of "Sea World". Then Minghua Ship became famous all over the world.<br />
<br />
王潮梁承认，如果不是袁庚抓得紧，明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来，但他的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托，他总是觉得委屈。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang admitted that if Yuan Geng had not held on tightly, Minghua Ship could not receive Deng Xiaoping and other comrades on January 26. He greatly admired Yuan Geng's strategic vision. Yuan Geng certainly didn't know in advance that Comrade Deng Xiaoping would come, but his sense of urgency was entirely correct. Wang Chaoliang, however, thought he had never failed Yuan Geng's commission, so he always felt wronged.<br />
<br />
“你现在筹备第二民航的工作，不是比明华轮更重要吗？可见袁庚还是信任你的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的，王潮梁作为招商局的代表参加筹备工作。 <br />
<br />
"You are preparing for the Second Civil Aviation. Isn't it more important than Minghua ship? It shows that Yuan Geng trusts you." The Second Civil Aviation was initiated by the China Merchants Hong Kong and Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces and Wang Chaoliang participated in the preparations as a representative of the Merchants Group.<br />
<br />
“当然，第二民航如果搞起来，比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我下来时并没说调我干这个，如果这样说我一点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7日オ交给我的。” <br />
<br />
"Of course, if the Second Civil Aviation is started, it will be many times more important than Minghua Ship. But I was not asked to do this when I was told to come down on April 11. If so, I have no opinion at all. This task was given to me on May 7."<br />
<br />
“说不说都一样，反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的？” <br />
<br />
"It's the same whether he said it or not. Anyway, he told you to do it. What did Yuan Geng say to you at that time?"<br />
<br />
“他说：’你的工作调整以后，我们一直在考虑新的工作，现在叫你去筹备第二民航，如果你愿意干，就先出去跑一趟。’” <br />
<br />
"He said, 'After your job was adjusted, we have been considering a new job for you. Now you are called to prepare the Second Civil Aviation. If you are willing to do it, you can go.'"<br />
<br />
“他用了’调整’这个词，可见不是’解聘’，更不是’撤职’。你要想开点，高姿态，不要老是计较。” <br />
<br />
"He used the word ‘adjust', not ‘dismiss', and not ‘remove'. You should take it easy, have a lofty stance, and don't care too much about it."<br />
<br />
“第二民航现在以民航局为主，恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部培训班学员，抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。” <br />
<br />
"The Second Civil Aviation now focuses on the Civil Aviation Administration. I'm afraid it is not impossible. Recently students of the third training course for business management cadres will be recruited, which draws me to take a key admission team to the northwest and southwest."<br />
<br />
“这更说明对你的信任，高兴地去吧，别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。 <br />
<br />
"This further shows that he trusts you. Go happily. Don't think so much." I advised him like his old friend.<br />
<br />
王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵，我开始怀疑，是不是袁庚用错人了？袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人，用错个把人也不奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang set out. But my ears were filled with criticism on Zheng Yi, the new general manager of Minghua Ship, and I began to wonder if Yuan Geng used the wrong person? Yuan Geng was also a vivid and substantial person, so it was not strange to use the wrong person. But the Minghua Ship mattered greatly... I decided to board on Minghua ship to visit the 24-year-old general manager.<br />
<br />
十六、年轻的总经理 <br />
<br />
ⅩⅥ. The Young General Manager<br />
<br />
一天下午，我走上明华轮最高一层，敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外两间，外间是秘书俞奇的办公室，里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕，他穿一件花格子上衣，戴着近视眼镜，面孔白皙，还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的记者证，他对俞奇说： <br />
<br />
One afternoon, I walked up to the top floor of Minghua Ship and knocked on the door of the general manager's office. This office was divided into two rooms, the outer room and the inner room. The outer one was the office of Secretary Yu Qi, and the inner one was the office of the general manager and deputy general manager. The person who opened the door was exactly Zheng Yi. He wore a plaid jacket, a pair of spectacles with a fair face, and hadn't taken off the look of a university student. After looking at my press card, he said to Yu Qi:<br />
<br />
“我有些事要处理，你先接待一下。” <br />
<br />
"I have some things to deal with. You receive him first."<br />
<br />
说罢走进里间，把门关上了。 <br />
<br />
Then he walked into the inner room and closed the door.<br />
<br />
“好大的架子！”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈，在低头赶写着什么。我只好坐在沙发上等待。<br />
<br />
"How arrogant he was!" I thought to myself. Yu Qi didn't talk to me immediately, and she was writing something with his head down. I had to sit on the sofa and wait.<br />
<br />
约莫过了半小时，俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同志，显得老成持重，也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务，希望从他们这个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。 <br />
<br />
About half an hour before Yu Qi politely talked to me. This was a 30-year-old woman, looking experienced and prudent, who was also a graduate from Tsinghua University. I explained the task of writing Yuan Geng, hoping to understand the problem of Yuan Geng's choice on personnel from their point of view.<br />
<br />
她是非常敏感的，马上对我说： <br />
<br />
She was very sensitive and immediately said to me,<br />
<br />
“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错，也认为他是个很好的同志，他热情、正派，工作积极，群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重，优柔寡断，缺乏魄カ，管理跟不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断，换上郑奕，这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年轻，却很有魄カ，有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了工资制度，取消了基本工资，完全实行职务工资，扩大了差别，更能调动干部和工人的积极性。有人对这个改革有不同看法，但袁董是支持的，他说为什么不可以试一试呢。” <br />
<br />
"I personally have a good relationship with the former general manager Wang Chaoliang, and also think he is a very good comrade. He is enthusiastic, decent, active in work, and has good relations with the masses. But his artistic temperament is too heavy. He is indecisive, lack of courage, and his management can not keep up with the development of the situation. Chairman Yuan made a quick decision to replace him with Zheng Yi, which was right. Though this general manager is young, he is very bold, with a quality of managing talents. His proud work after taking office was the reform of the wage system, which abolished the basic salary and completely implemented the post wage, expanding the difference and better mobilizing the enthusiasm of cadres and workers. Some people had different views on this reform, but Chairman Yuan supported it and said why not have a try."<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来，只听俞奇说： <br />
<br />
At this time Zheng Yi made a phone call from the inner room, only to hear Yu Qi say,<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的，你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释，“郑奕认为明华轮的经验不成熟，不接待记者采访，你要写袁董，等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来。 <br />
<br />
"He is here to write about Yuan Dong. You can talk with him." Then he explained to me, "Zheng Yi thinks that the experience of Minghua Ship is not mature, so he does not accept journalists to interview. But you want to write about Yuan Dong, he will talk with you later." Then we talked about Yuan Geng again.<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题，比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮，并且急于开张呢？他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂，规模都不大，没有太大的发展，如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地，发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点，必须能留住石油公司的人员，而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南海酒家建成之前，明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮，开业了，管理上不去他也着急。” <br />
<br />
"When Chairman Yuan considers problems, he stands higher than us. Why did he insist on buying Minghua Ship, and was eager to open it? He considered it from the perspective of the south sea's oil. The existing factories in the industrial zone are not large in scale and do not have much development. If we can strive to become the logistical base of the south sea's oil, it will have a promising future. To do this, we have to be able to retain the personnel of the oil company, and a few hotels and restaurants before were far from enough. Before the South Sea Restaurant is built, Minghua Ship can play a great role. So Chairman Yuan attaches great importance to the Minghua Ship. After its opening, he is also anxious when the management is not good."<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象，是坦率，不是傲慢。 <br />
<br />
Zheng Yi finally opened the door and invited me in. At this time the impression he gave me was frank, not arrogant.<br />
<br />
“这是一个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说，“但是我不是一个合格的经理，我随时准备下台。我干不好会下台，干好了，也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现在人们能够容忍我，但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。” <br />
<br />
"It's an attractive position." He said with a smile, "But I'm not a qualified manager, and I'm ready to step down at any time. I will step down if I don't do a good job, and if I do a good job, I will also step down by the necessity of some kind of struggle. Maybe people can tolerate me now, but I don't know how far they will tolerate me."<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
I began to have a good impression of him. After all, he was only 24 years old, the same age as my oldest son, so it was not surprising that he had some shortcomings.<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下，但由于我们的体制关系，根本做不到。现在我们就是要真正做到这一点，这就是改革。上和下，有时可能处理得不够恰当，下去的也必然会有痛苦，但是这种改革的方向是对的，必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个从香港请来的房务部总经理，他每月工资6000元港币，工作上没犯任何错误，但是我把他辞退了，唯一的原因是他不会笑！他整天板着面孔，阴阳怪气的，干别的可能无关紧要，在总台这个位子就不行，客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他，他没有任何意见，说走就走，通过他的朋友问他，也说没意见。在他看来，这很简单，我不能使总经理满意，我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志，可不得了，会同你纠缠不清。隔一个罗湖桥，观念就有这么大的差别。” <br />
<br />
"We used to say that cadres are able to take a lower as well as a higher post, but because of our system, we simply couldn't do it. Now we are going to really do that, and that is the reform. Lower and higher, sometimes it may not be handled properly, and those who go down will inevitably be painful. But this reform is in the right direction and must be adhered to. I recently sacked a general manager of the housing department who was hired from Hong Kong. He was paid HK$6,000 a month and didn't make any mistakes in his work. But I sacked him for the sole reason that he couldn't smile! He kept a straight face all day long and looked unfriendly. It probably doesn't matter in other positions, except at the front desk, because the guests will think you're being rude to him. I dismissed him, and he did not have any problem, leaving without delay. When I asked him through his friends, he also had no problem. In his opinion, it was very simple. If he could not make the general manager satisfied, he should go. This was how people in Hong Kong think. If it was our comrade, he would have many opinions. Just a Luohu Bridge away, there is such a big difference in ideas."<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感，简直有点欣赏了。 <br />
<br />
I not only had a good impression of him, but simply a little appreciation.<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理，希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国，既严格又有人情味的管理制度，搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败，失败了会得到教训，这也是一笔财富。当然，我有许多缺点，正如袁庚也有缺点，这可能是造成失败的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败，失败了影响可太大了。” <br />
<br />
"I want to exercise strict management, hoping to establish a set of management systems, which is different from Japan and the United States, and is strict and impersonal. I want to rule them by law instead of man. I am experimenting. The experiment may fail, and we will learn from the failure, which is also a fortune. Of course, I have many shortcomings, just as Yuan Geng also has shortcomings, which may be the cause of the failure. Yuan Geng's shortcomings could have been disastrous for Shekou. We do our best to avoid failure, which would have a great impact."<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏，简直有点佩服了。 <br />
<br />
I didn't just appreciate him, and I simply admired him a bit.<br />
<br />
“对一些事情，我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华苑酒家，是袁庚的主意，我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我，不要害怕资本家赚钱，这当然是对的，但是港商的重点在华苑酒家，我们这里只能是陪衬，华苑吃肉这里啃骨头，是不可能搞好的。” <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng and I also have different views on some things. For example, it was Yuan Geng's idea to contract our Chinese restaurant to Huayuan Restaurant invested by Hong Kong businessmen, and I still have a different view. He called me to tell me not to be afraid of capitalists making money, which is of course right, but the focus of Hong Kong businessmen is Huayuan Restaurant, we can only serve as a foil. It is impossible to do well that Huayuan eats meat while people gnaw bones here."<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人，对这种不同意见不一定会接受，却不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。 <br />
<br />
He was really sharp-minded. Yuan Geng didn't like yesmen. He would not necessarily accept this different opinion, but would not care about it. Zheng Yi was lucky.<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了，我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一个特色，一个服务，抓好这两条，我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地，在上海、广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。” <br />
<br />
"Some people say that once the South Sea Restaurant opens, Minghua Ship will be done for. I do not think so. It can not replace the Minghua Ship. One is characteristic, and the other is service. If we do well in these two, we will have a great future. I also want to take it to the mainland, setting up it in Shanghai, Guangzhou and other cities. Tourism can not be limited to one place."<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说：是一个经理人才！ <br />
<br />
I said to myself: he was an inborn manager!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候，我说找一天去他家里拜访，他表示欢迎。 <br />
<br />
When I left, I said I would visit him at home one day, and he welcomed me.<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法，便访问了工业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。 <br />
<br />
I also wanted to know what the Organization Department thought of him, so I visited Yu Dehai, a member of the Party Committee of the industrial zone, deputy secretary of the Disciplinary Inspection Committee and director of the Division of Organizing Cadres, and Yuan Fuxing, who was in charge of cadre allocation.<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性，我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海，原是个工程师，担任工业区最早开工的中宏制氧厂厂长数年，治厂有方，以致香港资本家撤回了全部港方人员，把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委，管干部。我至今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好，大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法，他认为两人各有所长，郑奕更有魄カ，王潮梁群众关系好，在管理比较混乱的情况下，换上郑奕是对的，组干处是同意的，党委会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀，对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个工人，虞德海颇不以为然：“我对郑奕说，我在制氧厂几年，没开除一个工人，工厂照样管得很好。” <br />
<br />
I had no doubt about the party spirit of these two comrades. The 39-year-old Yu Dehai, a former engineer, had been the director of the Zhonghong Oxygen Factory, the first factory constructed in the industrial zone, for several years, and ruled the factory so well that the Hong Kong capitalists withdrew all the personnel from Hong Kong and gave him enormous power of the factory. "I never dreamed of letting me into the party committee and manage the cadres. I have not even entered the door of Yuan Geng's house so far. If I can't do it well, I can go back to being an engineer at the worst." I believed the sincerity of his confession. Talking about the views on Zheng Yi and Wang Chaoliang, he believed that the two had their own strengths. Zheng Yi had more courage, and Wang Chaoliang had good relations with the masses. Under the conditions of confusion in management, replacing him with Zheng Yi was right, the Division of Organizing Cadres agreed it, and the party committee also unanimously approved. But Wang Chaoliang's contributions could not be wiped out, he was still important. Yu Dehai didn't approve that Zheng Yi dismissed a few workers: "I said to Zheng Yi that when I worked in the oxygen factory for several years, I didn't dismiss a single worker, and the factory was still managed very well."<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了，由于坚持体育锻炼，加上生就一张娃娃脸，看上去像二十几岁的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业，在兰州大学教过几年书。1980年，一些学生竞选人民代表，说过一些过头话，后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生，他在系里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候一些政工干部跃跃欲试，以为五七年又来了，又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生，他们都是平时最用功读书的，有的还是三好学生。他们读书多，接触外国资料多，忧国忧民，为我们国家着急，难免说一些过头话，但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好！难怪他来蛇口以后，一直让他做干部工作。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Fuxing was 36 years old, and because he insisted on physical exercise and had a baby face, he looked like a young man in his twenties. He graduated from Zhejiang University with a degree in computer science and taught at Lanzhou University for a few years. In 1980, some students ran for people's representatives and made some offensive remarks. Later, he was the first to stand up and speak for the students in the department when they suffered injustice in graduation assignment. "At that time, some political cadres primed for action, thinking that 1957 was coming again and they were going to arrest the rightists again. I knew those students best. They were the most diligent students, and some of them were also the three-good students. They read a lot, had more access to foreign materials, worried about the country and the people, and were anxious for our country, so it was inevitable to say some offensive remarks, but I could guarantee that none of them aimed to be anti-party and anti-socialist." Well said! No wonder he had been allowed to do cadre work since he came to Shekou.<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时，首先征求了袁复兴的意见。 <br />
<br />
When Yuan Geng considered replacing Wang Chaoliang with Zheng Yi, he first asked for Yuan Fuxing's opinion.<br />
<br />
“从为人的角度讲，郑不管三七二十一，不讲情面；王讲情面，现在船员还说他好。但是我们要靠法治，不能讲个人感情。王用人不当，班子不团结，有的他重用的人在背后拆他的台，该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部，当过地区的剧团团长和电影公司经理，很有能力，和王的关系也不错，却卖了3个月的电子游戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理，却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志，他同情王潮梁，不愿留在明华轮，调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他才42岁，据说郑奕说他年龄大了，不想用他，没有把他留住，真是可惜。 <br />
<br />
"From the perspective of being a person, Zheng, in spite of anything, hasn't no consideration for others' feelings; Wang cares about them, and now the crew still say he is good. But we have to rely on the rule of law, not personal feelings. Wang appointed inadequate people, and the team was not united. Some people who he valued cut the ground from under his feet behind his back, and he didn't use the people who should be used. For example, a cadres transferred from Huiyang, who had been the head of a regional theater and the manager of a film company, very capable and had a good relationship with Wang, but he sold video game machine's chips for three months. Wang wanted to ask him to be the manager of the entertainment department, but hesitated to make up his mind." I knew this comrade. He sympathized with Wang Chaoliang and did not want to stay in Minghua Ship, so he was transferred to Shenzhen Television as the head of the Personnel Section. He was only 42 years old. But it was said that Zheng Yi said he was old and did not want to use him. It was a pity to let him go.<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派，办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成，还要分配合适的工作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣，副总经理人选我们正在考虑，王也是考虑的对象之一。 <br />
<br />
"But Wang Chaoliang is warm, decent, and has many ideas. If the Second Civil Aviation can't be done, we still have to allocate him a right job. The general manager of South Sea Restaurant is dispatched by the management in Hong Kong, and we are considering the people for the vice general manager. Wang is also one of the objects of consideration.<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗，现在实践证明他工作开展起来了，7月份收支平衡了，能否成长起来，有待他自己总结经验教训。不怕犯错误，老干部也犯过错误。 <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng is far-sighted to train Zheng Yi. We were worried about Zheng too at first, and now the practice has proven. His work is carried out, and income and expenses are in balance in July. Whether he can grow up, he needs to learn from his own experiences. Don't be afraid to make mistakes. The old cadres have also made mistakes.<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上，教练说4号下7号上，他并不是认为4号不行，可能是要试试7号投篮准不准，弹跳カ好不好……” <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng stresses that sometimes we need to use cadres as a team coach. On the court, when the coach said 4 off and 7 on, he does not think 4 is not good, and maybe he wants to try if 7 can shoot well or not and has a good leaping ability or not..."<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在一次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部能上能下，变成正常的。今天你干这个经理，明天你下来让别人上去，是正常的，但是我们许多人把这看作不正常，把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。” <br />
<br />
That was an interesting analogy. I remembered that Yuan Geng also talked about this point in a speech. "We have to make it normal that cadres are able to take a lower as well as a higher post. Today you work as the manager, and tomorrow you come down to let others go up, which is normal. But many of us see this as abnormal. Turning something abnormal into normal is reform."<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想，觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像，两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说，袁庚不也是一个教练吗？这个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事，说明了袁庚对郑奕的严格。 <br />
<br />
I suddenly had a strange association, thinking Yuan Geng and women's volleyball coach Yuan Weimin looked a bit similar. The two faces were superimposed in my brain. In a sense, wasn't Yuan Geng also a coach? This coach was strict with his players. One thing that both Yu Dehai and Yuan Fuxing told me illustrated how strict Yuan Geng was with Zheng Yi.<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计，郑奕和他谈了一次话，认为他是个管理人才，就决定叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意，认为工业区正需要财会人员，便推荐另一个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通，跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。袁庚说：“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问：“你们到底相不相信我？”袁庚严肃地说：“既相信你，又不相信你。相信你，所以叫你当总经理；不相信你，就是不知道你能不能当好，所以要继续考核你，天天看你的报表，看你营业的情况，看你在群众中的威信如何。” <br />
<br />
There was an accountant from Shanghai. Zheng Yi talked with him once and thought he was a management talent, so he decided to ask him to be the manager of the Minghua Ship‘s shopping mall. But the Division of Organizing Cadres did not agree, who thought that the industrial zone was in need of accounting personnel, and then recommended another comrade from the training course for business management cadres. Zheng Yi didn't understand and ran to the management committee to find Yuan Geng and Yu Dehai. Yuan Geng said, "In the cadre issue, you have to listen to the Division of Organizing Cadres." Zheng Yi asked, "Do you believe me or not?" Yuan Geng said seriously, "Believe in you and do not believe in you. We believe you, so ask you to be the general manager; we do not believe you, because we do not know whether you can do it well, so we have to continue to test you, viewing your reports every day, seeing your business conditions, and seeing how about your prestige in the masses."<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了，接受了组干处推荐的那个同志，实践证明，他干得很好。郑奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说：“道什么歉呢？这是正常的工作。” <br />
<br />
Later Zheng Yi understood, accepting the comrade recommended by the Division of Organizing Cadres. The practice proved that he did a good job. Zheng Yi then went to apologize to Yu Dehai. Yu Dehai said, “You don't need to apologize. This is normal work."<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上，袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指名），并且上升到理论的高度说：”我们的干部，没有绝对的责任，也就没有绝对的权カ。道理很简单，资本家的企业，他负有绝对的责任，也拥有全部的权カ。因为财产是他的，因此他有全部的责任，这个企业破产了，他全家上吊自杀。但是我们的企业是国家的财产，是全民所有制的财产，当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候，不应该给个人绝对的权カ，用人必须通过人事部门，因为党的组织部门对整个干部队伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的，怎样才能发挥干部的积极性，使他们有权、有责、有利，这个问题还没有完全解决。” <br />
<br />
In the Economic Seminar of Part Coastal Open Cities, Yuan Geng mentioned this matter again in his speech (of course not named), and rose it to theoretical level that, "Our cadres don't have absolute responsibility, so they don't have absolute power. The reason is simple. The capitalist has absolute responsibility, and has all the power in his enterprise. Because the property belongs to him, therefore he has full responsibility. When this enterprise goes bankrupt, his whole family hang themselves. But our enterprise is the property of the state, the property of the ownership by the whole people. When the rights, responsibilities and benefits are not yet very clear, we should not give the individuals absolute power, and the employment must be approved by the personnel department, because the party's organization department has to understand the situation of the whole cadre team. This controversy is happened recently, and the question of how to give full play to the initiative of cadres and give them rights, responsibilitities and benefits, has not been fully resolved."<br />
<br />
一个星期六的晚上，我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚才搬来的，客厅里什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座，显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介绍说：“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星电子工程公司经理陈钢，26岁；矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏，25岁，都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起”教练”的比喻，下意识地把他们比作了运动员，心里为他们祝福：但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌！ <br />
<br />
One Saturday evening, I paid a rash visit to Zheng Yi's new house. He moved in recently when he got married, and there was nothing furnished in the living room. Two young people I hadn't seen before were there, and it was obvious that I came at an awkward time. Zheng Yi smiled and said, "They are both managers. We can start a manager's club." The tall man was Chen Gang, 26 years old, the manager of the newly established Silver Star Electronic Engineering Company; the short man was Zhu Jiajun, 25 years old, who took Zheng Yi's shift as the manager of Shanghai Restaurant. They were both university graduates marjoying in automatic control. I thought of the analogy of "coach", subconsciously compared them to athletes, and blessed them in my heart: Hope you win the gold medal in the arena of economic construction!<br />
<br />
他们有事，郑奕答应下星期一晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。 <br />
<br />
They had things to do, and Zheng Yi promised to come to my room at 7:30 p.m. next Monday.<br />
<br />
星期一晚上7点10分，郑奕匆匆赶来：“真对不起，今晚有事，咱们改天再谈吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去，见他钻进一辆米黄色工具车，一开动就飞驰而去，这人开车也有性格。我知道，”开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论的话题之一，也许一个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来越多的。 <br />
<br />
At 7:10 p.m. on Monday night, Zheng Yi hurriedly came, "I'm really sorry. I have things to do tonight. Let's talk about it another day." Then he hurried away. I stood in the corridor and looked down, seeing him get into a beige tool car, which sped away as soon as it started. He also had characer when he was driving. I knew that "driving around in a car" was one of the topics people talked about. Perhaps only the manager who was not able to drive a car could really keep his nose clean. But the managers who could drive would definitely be more and more.<br />
<br />
第二天晚上，郑奕冒着雨来了。 <br />
<br />
The next night, Zheng Yi came though the rain.<br />
<br />
“昨天失约，是因为要和娱乐部几十个职工到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另一些人去的，因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我，要和他们建立感情，让他们从心里爱这个企业，怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说，干这些事是不会有人说的。” <br />
<br />
"I broke the appointment yesterday because I had to have a barbecue at Xiangmi Lake with dozens of workers from the entertainment department. Tonight I had planned to go with some other people, but it was rescheduled because of the rain. I can't let workers always afraid of me, and should build relationships with them, to let them love this enterprise from the heart, and worry about being fired from here. People say I fire workers, but don't say I do these things."<br />
<br />
我说：“要让工人有主人翁感，既尊敬你，又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。 <br />
<br />
I said, "You have to make the workers have a sense of ownership. They not only respect you, but feel equal to you in personality." He agreed. Then the conversation turned to the business management.<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了，我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下，不问就不予理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务，其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发展问题。我正在和香港一个财团谈判，引进大量资金搞一个大型海上游乐场，请你暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目，那真是非常可观的，如能谈成，明华轮一带海面将成为真正的“海上世界”。“上海设点的谈判已经成功了，过几天我就到上海去签订合同，广州也要搞，许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……” <br />
<br />
"There's so much talk about me, which I don't have time to think. If I am asked about some things, I will explain and if I am not asked, I will ignore them. Now I deal with routine matters from 8 to 9 a.m. after starting a day's work, and spend the remaining seven hours thinking about the development in the next few years. I am negotiating with a consortium in Hong Kong to bring in a large amount of money to build a large sea amusement park, please keep it a secret for the moment." He said a number of investment, what was very considerable. If the deal was done, the sea area around the Minghua ship would become a real "sea world". "The negotiation on setting up business in Shanghai has been successful. I will go to Shanghai in a few days to sign the contract, and Guangzhou will also be engaged, and many cities will be engaged. There is no point in running just one ship..."<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝，我听得津津有味。我联想到一些人，觉得他属于优点和缺点都比较突出的那一类人物。在这里，这种人受到重用，得到帮助，能够开创新的局面；在另一些地方，他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。 <br />
<br />
He talked endlessly, and I listened with relish. I associated him with some people, thinking he was one of those people whose strengths and weaknesses were both prominent. This kind of people were valued here, got help and could create new situations here; in other places, their situation was not so wonderful. I increasingly felt that Yuan Geng was precious.<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾 <br />
<br />
XVII. Boiling Blood<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月，和袁庚交谈了不到一个小时，他的儿女则始终未能交谈，因此对他的家庭生活了解太少，未免遗憾。 <br />
<br />
After a month in Shekou, I talked to Yuan Geng for less than an hour, and I could not talk with his children, so I knew little about his family life. It was a little pity.<br />
<br />
有一个年轻人对我说：“袁中印谈过许多情况，袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下，他说，“你找袁中印谈吧，我这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了，我不能老在这儿等他。 <br />
<br />
A young man said to me, "Yuan Zhongyin has talked a lot information, and Yuan Geng's family life is very interesting." I asked him to introduce it, and he said, "You can talk to Yuan Zhongyin, and what I have is the second-hand material." But Yuan Zhongyin was away in business, and I couldn't keep waiting for him here.<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女，我猜想就是袁庚的弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命，一个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸死，这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我，可惜我不会讲客家话，只好笑而告退。 <br />
<br />
I once knocked on the door of Yuan Zhongyin's house. The person who opened the door was a Hakka woman in her 60s, who I guessed was Yuan Geng's sister-in-law. Yuan Geng brought two brothers out to participate in the revolution. A younger brother was killed by a Japanese aircraft during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and this sister-in-law had been living in Yuan's house. The old man greeted me warmly, but unfortunately, I could not speak Hakka, so I had to leave with a smile.<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人，在我结束这篇文章的时候，必须记上一笔。 <br />
<br />
The young man mentioned above must be written about when I was going to end this article.<br />
<br />
他叫周为民，清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢，打倒“四人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因，他成了个有争议的人物。来到蛇口后，当了半年宣传处处长，又当了半年通信公司的架线工人，最近几个月才当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他，是要冒一点风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇，曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备，终于还是留下来了。 <br />
<br />
His name was Zhou Weimin, graduated from Tsinghua University. He served half a year in prison in 1976 for participating in the "April 5th Movement" and was the deputy secretary of the Youth League Committee of Tsinghua University after the "Gang of Four” was defeated. For some historical reasons, he became a controversial figure. After coming to Shekou, he worked as the director of the Publicity Division for half a year, and as a linesman in a communication company for another half a year, and became the deputy manager of a real estate company in recent months. The experience itself was quite intriguing. Yuan Geng had to take a little risk to use him. He and his wife, Yu Qi, had been prepared themselves mentally for leaving Shekou, but finally stayed.<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话，青年人爱听。但是，有些话重复多次，有的青年人就不耐烦了，议论说：“袁董是不是老化了，变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映，以及其他对袁庚的缺点的议论，收集起来，写信告诉袁庚。几天后，袁庚紧紧握着他的手说：“谢谢你！很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。” <br />
<br />
Young people loved to listen to Yuan Geng. However, if some words were repeated many times, some young people would be impatient, and said: "Is Chairman Yuan getting old? He becomes nagging." Zhou Weimin collected these reflections, as well as other comments on Yuan Geng's shortcomings, and wrote to tell Yuan Geng. A few days later, Yuan Geng pressed his hands and said, "Thank you! It's been a long time since anyone reflected these opinions to me. You should remind me more often in the future."<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候，袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况，满怀深情地说： <br />
<br />
When Comrade Hu Yaobang visited Shekou last year, Yuan Geng specially introduced several young cadres, including Gu Liji, Zhao Yong and Zhou Weimin, to the general secretary. Comrade Yaobang asked them about their ages and other conditions and fondly said,<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》，上面有两句话，长江后浪推前浪，英雄出自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。” <br />
<br />
"A few days ago, there was a TV program called 'A Chart for the Number One Scholars', on which there were two sentences. The new overthrow the old, and the heroes come from the young men. Probably you are the young men."<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊！ <br />
<br />
How many accomplished young men have gathered in Shekou!<br />
<br />
短短一个月的耳闻目睹，给了我一个强烈的印象：在这里，热血男儿不只是一个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言，我觉得，不论年长的还是年轻的，男的还是女的，被赞美的还是有争议的，他们都有一个共同特点——热爱蛇口，渴望改革。尽管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同，他们的心都是热的，血都是热的。这里真是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下！ <br />
<br />
A short month of hearing and witnessing gave me a strong impression that Yuan Geng was not the only hot-blooded man here. Just for the comrades I visited, I felt that whether they were old or young, male or female, praised or controversial, they all had one common characteristic--they loved Shekou and were eager for reform. Although their views on some specific people and things may be different, their hearts were hot and their blood was hot. This is truly a world of hot-blooded men (including daughters, of course)!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话，那么年方5岁的蛇口，这个朝气蓬勃的海港小城，正是一个前程不可限量的热血男儿！ <br />
<br />
If the city can be compared to a person, then the 5-year-old Shekou, a vibrant small harbor town, is exactly a hot-blooded man with a limitless future!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线，蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海岸到内地，从乡村到城市，改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中，更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾，要为真理而斗争！ <br />
<br />
The harbor of Shekou is connected to the long coastline of the motherland, and the main road of Shekou is connected to the vast land of the motherland. From the coast to the mainland, from the countryside to the city, the wave of reform is advancing with unstoppable momentum. In this wave, how many hot-blooded men are fighting bravely! The hot blood all over the body has been boiling, and they are fighting for the truth!<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！ <br />
<br />
The truth is to reform! Reform is the truth!<br />
<br />
（原载《花城》1984年第6期） <br />
<br />
(Originally published in ''Flower City'', Issue 6, 1984)</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=155828Report CN EN 032023-06-13T14:32:53Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：10.热血男儿Hot-blooded Man */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情Obsession==<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with Long Hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies were always covered; whereas in the West, people loved nudity, which seemed to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个ー丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there was a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush and painting a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting was not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, had you ever thought that some of us would cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us would stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, would come like snowflakes. You might even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Were you fearless, or seized by a whim? You were out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he was painting.<br />
<br />
他站在一间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着一支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着ー张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stood in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looked disheveled, and his bosom was stained with different colors. His hair was long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there was a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exactly did you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound Train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it was today. The platforms were clean, the corridors were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the regions south of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North…<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像一块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, and cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man--that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes…"<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me…"<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows — the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"On a business trip? Or visit family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student at Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone…"<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What…"<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break…"<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man!"<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. The resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
"So I don't understand art…"<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多少欢聚与悲离的 故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉一线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小伙子,而是一个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
During the long journey, as the young people of the same generation, it was the fate to meet each other in this running train! In life, many stories of reunion and departure were drawn by the heavy line across the land! The girl was close to the small table by the window, resting her chin in the hand, listening to the young man talk, and watching his expression. It seemed that he was not a young guy, but a strong and confident man. Calculating his age, he was even a few years older than the girl. Why did he give that illusion before? Alas, the age of men was really hard to guess...<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为一个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是一个有抱负、有才华的人!”<br />
<br />
Out of the female’s sensitivity, the girl suddenly felt shy and embarrassed. The condescending arrogance that she had just showed was now reversed and replaced by her hazy admiration. The girl looked at the painter's dress again, and the non-matching colors of black and red were not so conspicuous. Although the painter's cotton jacket was still so black, the collar of the underwear was still so crooked, and the hair was still so disheveled, in the eyes of the girl, they all became the evidence that the young man was a bachelor who was immersed in art and had no time to take care of himself, which touched the girl's heart of compassion: "It seems that he is an ambitious and talented man!"<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
The painter took out his drawing board, spread the paper and said to the girl, "Please allow me to make a sketch of you."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
The girl nodded her head.<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简直像一个拙笨的新手。好半天,才抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
The painter drew very slowly, feeling ill at ease. The more he tried to draw well, the more nervous he became, and the brush was out of control. He was like a clumsy novice. After a long time, he apologized and said, "Sorry, I didn’t draw well…"<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来一看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会”了画家的灵犀。<br />
<br />
When the girl took it and looked, two red clouds rose on her cheeks. This sketch was not as good as the one of the mechanic, and those rigid lines were flaws of the work. To say it bluntly, she looked uglier in the painting than she really was. Is that what I look like? The girl had a reason to make a protest. However, she understood and forgave the painter with a sweet smile. Honestly, she didn't even want to see him too calm, too relaxed, like facing the model in the studio. The girl no longer regarded "resemblance in appearance" as so important, and she “understood tacitly” the painter's spirit.<br />
<br />
画纸的一角是签名和年月——袁运生,画于1964年2月。<br />
<br />
In one corner of the paper were the signature and date--Yuan Yunsheng, painted in February 1964.<br />
<br />
画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "Give it to you."<br />
<br />
姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
<br />
The girl said, "Thank you, I’ll keep it as a memory."<br />
<br />
“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信地址?”<br />
<br />
"You see, I was so careless that I forgot to ask your name." The painter said, "Could you write down your mailing address?"<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
<br />
The girl smiled: "My name is Zhang Lanying." And she wrote down the address on the painter's sketchbook.<br />
<br />
火车抵达浦口,他们已经像一对熟识的老朋友了。从一个艺术型的医学院学生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
<br />
When the train arrived in Pukou, they already looked like two old friends. Many common temperaments could be found between an artistic medical student and a serious artist. The passengers on the same train thought they had known each other for a long time and treated them as a couple, saying goodbye to them with the appellation of “you two”.<br />
<br />
画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空一样清澈,像江水一样深沉……<br />
<br />
The painter sent the girl to the shore of the Yangtze River, a wet wind blowing from the river. It was time to part, and both of them were reluctant to leave. Lanying looked at Yuan Yunsheng with the warm and fond gaze, and that means everything! As clear as the sky, as deep as the river…<br />
<br />
呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江交织起来的一见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
Heh! Pretty girl, you were too sentimental. Did you know him? The story of love at first sight, woven by the main Beijing-Pukou line and the winding Yangtze River, was too indiscreet.<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
<br />
The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River <br />
<br />
在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,一只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认真地涂抹着油彩,画出一个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
<br />
In the days of glorious morning light of the 1950s, a young boy's delicate hand, holding a paintbrush, was earnestly spreading the paint on the linen to draw a little girl with the same earnest expression, who was imitating her sister's movement, tying a bright red scarf around her neck.<br />
<br />
这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐一样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
<br />
This oil painting was sent from Nantong in Jiangsu Province to Beijing as an assignment for applying for the highest academy of arts, presenting the young painter’s sparkling artistic talent and a crystal-clear heart. The title was "Growing up to be like my sister", painted by Yuan Yunsheng.<br />
<br />
看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年除夕送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出一批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的艺术功底。<br />
<br />
When looking at this oil painting, people might think that the painter had a soft and gentle femininity. In fact, he was just the opposite. He was stubborn and unrestrained, like a boisterous colt. His love of painting since childhood was mainly influenced by his father. His father worked in a middle school in Nantong. In his spare time, he enthusiastically collected various fine art works. Every year on the New Year’s Eve, they would bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new, and his father would always hang a number of new paintings on the wall, including Chinese and foreign ones, like a small exhibition, full of the atmosphere of the art salon. The paintings collected at home gave Yuan Yunsheng some enlightenment in art. When he got a little bit older, he went to the Cultural Center in Nantong to participate in activities, attend lectures, learn to sketch, and paint, laying the first foundation of art.<br />
<br />
当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来一副犟脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
<br />
When he applied to the Central Academy of Fine Arts, his father said with worry: "The boy was born with stubbornness, which makes us uneasy."<br />
<br />
哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,一个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人 需要有个性。”<br />
<br />
His brother Yuan Yunfu, who was also involved in fine art, kept cheering him on: "Go ahead. people involved in fine art needs to have a personality."<br />
<br />
1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
<br />
In the summer of 1955, the Central Academy of Fine Arts announced the admission of new students, Yuan Yunsheng ranking the first.<br />
<br />
如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画派。这是19世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画就像一部小说或一出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝圣者像请佛一样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
<br />
If Yuan Yunsheng's work for the entrance examination could be classified as a certain school of art, it would be the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions. It was a progressive school of painting that emerged in Russia in the 19th century. It simulated life, emphasized themes, and focused on plot. A painting was like a novel or a play. It inherited Rembrandt’s tradition of realism and absorbed the Impressionism’s achievements in the use of light and color. After the October Revolution, it enjoyed the supreme position in the Soviet art circle and was invited to China by Chinese pilgrims, like inviting the Buddha. Of course, Yuan Yunsheng, only 17 years old, did not know the essence of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, let alone that the school of art was linked to the school of politics.<br />
<br />
他像奔跑在艺术山野 里的小鹿,一头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
<br />
Like a fawn running in the wilderness of art, he bumped into the arms of Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions.<br />
<br />
袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身 好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件 和艺术才能的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖力气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严格的训练——<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng was highly regarded by the academy. He was born in a good family (it was rare to have such a family background at that time) and excelled in the examination. He sat in the first-year classroom with a nimbus of political condition and artistic talent hanging over his head. He was elected as the commissary of Communist Youth League in charge of organization, who was totally the epitome of a socialist-minded and professionally competent man. He was also a real hard worker, and was very stubborn, taking everything seriously. Under the guidance of Soviet-style teaching methods, he received strict training--<br />
<br />
挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与被画者保持绝对的耐性 。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面 ”,画上一整天,只画了半个头像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履的中年人走过来,这是礼聘 来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供同学们观摩。<br />
<br />
Choosing a HB pencil, and sharpening it, and sketching in front of male and female models. The models were recruited at a very high price, both nude and non-nude. Under certain lights, the painter and the object stayed absolutely patient. He sketched out the outline at first, figured out the “light and plane”, and then drew all day long, only to have half picture of the head; the next day, the same scene was repeated under the same conditions; then, a middle-aged man with a high nose and deep eyes, dressed in a suit, came over, who was an expert invited cordially. Whenever he passed behind Yuan Yunsheng, his face often showed a look of satisfaction. Yuan Yunsheng got five points for all his sketches and oil paintings, which were sometimes hung in the classroom or in the corridor for students to watch.<br />
<br />
这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉柯夫教学体系。-袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀——苏联在中国土地上开办的艺术工厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
<br />
That year, a sketch and oil painting teaching conference of national fine art academies was held in Beijing to promote the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union. A half-length portrait of a Chinese woman painted by Yuan Yunsheng was shown off on the conference--a standard mode produced by the art factory of the Soviet Union in China.<br />
<br />
苏联专家的宠儿 ,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
<br />
He was the favorite of the Soviet experts, and the pride of the Oil Painting Department. He had a lot of success and a bright future. He immersed himself in the painting all day long, with his hand keeping waving, like a devout disciple prostrating himself before his art idol, and praying that his soul would ascend to the temple of art, seating on a throne surrounded by roses with a crown of pearls… It was the highest ideal for college students majoring in oil painting at that time.<br />
<br />
但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
<br />
But the naive faith was not solid, like an edifice built on a thin and narrow foundation, which could easily collapse. Once it was subverted, it could cause endless troubles.<br />
<br />
苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便朝那里走去。他停在一帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来一阵电灼般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
<br />
Distress had come to him, and he brought it upon himself. One morning, he heard that there was an exhibition of paintings being held in the hall, and went there. He stopped in front of a sequence of copies of the oil paintings, casting a calm glance upon it, and his whole body felt an electric sensation. His heart was shaking, and his blood was boiling.<br />
<br />
这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风 的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的感情,像酒一样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
<br />
These were the works of the European Post-Impressionist painter Van Gogh, with ordinary and simple images: fields, haystacks, a clock reflected by the setting sun, and sunflowers in clay pots. In addition, there were some portraits of ordinary people: postmen, miners, movers, and inmates who were released for yard time. In these unpretentious pictures, the author poured out the strongest feelings, as strong as wine, like a flame burning!<br />
<br />
看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格 。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生——向日葵,仿佛摇身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探求……这哪里是绘画呀 ,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每一线条和每一色块都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
<br />
Look, the jagged trees were rebellious. The undulating earth seemed to tell of suffering. <br />
The painter poured deep feelings into those ordinary people. The still-life painting --sunflowers, seemed to turn into a living thing, stretching out its jumble of tentacles to the frozen space, capturing, swaying, and indefatigably seeking… It was not a painting, but a call of the painter's life, a representation of his character! Every line and every color block were flowing, coming through invisible channels to clamp people, annihilate them to a great vortex of emotion…<br />
<br />
袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被一支锐利的艺术之箭射穿了。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng walked out of the hall, with his legs wobbling, as if he was drunk, was hurt. His heart was pierced by a sharp arrow of art.<br />
<br />
他回到宿舍,一头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高才生转瞬间变成西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
<br />
He went back to the dormitory and threw himself onto the bed. It was ironic that a top student of the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union became a captive of the Western European Post-Impressionism in an instant.<br />
<br />
宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地问 :“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
<br />
When the door of the dormitory opened, his roommate came in. Seeing him pale and tired, he asked in surprise, "Yunsheng, what happened to you?"<br />
<br />
“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
<br />
"I went to see an exhibition of Van Gogh's paintings." Yuan Yunsheng sat up in bed and said, "I've never been so excited by the works of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions..."<br />
<br />
他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的基础。有这个就够了。下一步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚 。<br />
<br />
He expressed his thoughts. In his opinion, the merit of Soviet painting theory lied in the emphasis on placing the object under certain light, observing the levels and hues with a subtle look, and tracing it carefully, which was the basis of all paintings. It was enough. The next step was to break free and move forward, not to limit themselves.<br />
<br />
他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧上了天 ,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在干着什么蠢事呀? ……<br />
<br />
He was right. Throughout the history of art, each school had its own process of formation, development, vicissitudes, and ups and downs. The Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions deserved its place in the art circle without dispute. But once it was praised to the skies, and promoted by administrative means, it would be counterproductive and bring suffocating disaster to the art. In fact, in the 1950s, painters all over the world, including Soviet painters, were running, exploring and innovating. And how stupid we were! ...<br />
<br />
袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头 ,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng said excitedly: "We follow behind them and pick up what they have thrown away!"<br />
<br />
好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,一个几亿人的社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎 。<br />
<br />
His good friends were familiar with his character and sympathized with his comments, but they worried about him. At that time, a society of hundreds of millions of people prostrated itself before Soviet idols, and his words were tantamount to a form of blasphemy.<br />
<br />
从那以后,他变得不大安分了, 一头温驯的伏尔加式的 小鹿,现出烈性马驹的本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标。<br />
<br />
From then on, he became rebel. A tame fawn, like the one on the Volga car, showed the true colors of a boisterous colt. In addition to completing the homework as usual, he improvised with mixed painting techniques, as if he was pursuing an ethereal goal.<br />
<br />
目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
<br />
The goal, was finally found, unexpectedly close at hand.<br />
<br />
从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭一张学生证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹…… <br />
<br />
From the Shuaifuyuan where the Central Academy of Fine Arts was located, crossing the big roundabout between Wangfujing and Bamiancao, the Donghua Gate of the National Palace Museum was about a mile away. At that time, students from the Academy of Fine Arts enjoyed a special privilege. They could freely enter the imperial garden of ancient Chinese art with only a student ID card. Here he saw Chen Laolian’s “Bogu Yezi (A kind of card played while drinking in ancient China)” in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan’s “Qingming Shanghe Tu (Along the River During the Qingming Festival)” in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a large number of authentic works of famous painters of the Tang Dynasty…<br />
<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
<br />
His favorite work was the "Luo Shen Fu (The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River)" by Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.<br />
<br />
长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象力!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人,栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱翔……<br />
<br />
Long scroll, romantic conception, how imaginative! The landscape was peaceful and spacious, with quiet and wonderful rivers and mountains; the figures were lifelike, dancing in the air. Was the resemblance in appearance? Was the resemblance in spirit? Between likeness and unlikeness, that was the author's mind soaring…<br />
<br />
他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条表现出高超的魅力。<br />
<br />
He put his eyes close to the scroll. The brush strokes, appearing ageless for thousands of years, like the spring silkworms spinning fine and exquisite silk, drew freely. He thought of the Soviet oil painting theory that denied the existence of lines. But in Chinese painting, the general and terse lines showed the high charm.<br />
<br />
站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他的思绪如抛出的一缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
<br />
Standing in this ancient resplendent hall, a long flowing river of art swept passed by before his eyes, and his thoughts stretched out like a wisp of gossamer. If we compared the fashionable Western art and the ancient Oriental art to two poles, there seemed to be something between the two poles that was closely related. Oh, he understood. When we got into a mut, ignored what was near and seek what was far away, those elves and devils of abstractionism, fauvism, modernism and futurism quietly got essence and extracted nutrients from the Oriental art to strengthen their bodies. That was the secret.<br />
<br />
祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
<br />
Motherland, your art is not water, not wine, not milk, but the magical royal jelly!<br />
<br />
虎丘<br />
<br />
Huqiu<br />
<br />
兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
<br />
After parting with the painter in Pukou, Lanying returned to school in Suzhou. In the blink of an eye, it was March. With spring breeze and newly sprouted willow trees, the town of flowing water under bridges liked a young girl, who was unveiled, affectionate with a lot of charm. <br />
<br />
姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
<br />
The girl's state of mind was also bright like waking spring.<br />
<br />
她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认识一下,如果手头有照片,请寄来一张。<br />
<br />
She received the painter’s letter from Nantong. The style of writing was free and easy. In the girl’s words: "The level is quite high!" The letter recalled the unforgettable scene on the train and expressed his feelings of missing her. He also said that his parents and brothers would like to get to know the girl, and if she had photos, please sent one.<br />
<br />
兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选一张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息一样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
<br />
Lanying opened the photo album without hesitation, selected a small photo, attached a short reply, and sent it to Nantong. This small act contained an unusual meaning, just like the shortest electromagnetic microwave can transmit significant information, it clearly expressed: the girl agreed to be his girlfriend.<br />
<br />
兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
<br />
Lanying's upbringing conditioned her to making her own decisions. She was born in Shandong province and grew up in the regions south of the Yangtze River. After her parents died, she moved with the troops from childhood. Wherever she went, it was her home, and she developed the ability to live independently. Over the years, she always received the warmth from the group and her female companions, but was never constrained. Perhaps she was a bit spoiled and coaxed by others, which made her form a stubborn personality.<br />
<br />
此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,一见钟情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
<br />
At the moment, she had a novel feeling that she was happier than the people around her. Because she had a right man in her heart, who affected her emotions. She silently enjoyed the secret pleasure of the young girl in love for the first time. She even imagined that once the secret was revealed, how surprised and envious her female companions would be! In their minds, her vison was very high. She was great looking and came from a privileged background. No male classmates dared to develop a relationship with her. It was not easy to take her fancy. It was done so artfully, neither by her parents’ choice, nor by the match-maker’s recommendation. She met him on a trip, and fell in love at first sight, bringing everything lime a whirlwind, so that the girl was full of desire for a better life. It was really romantic! So, she wove the future scenarios with sweet silk, anxiously waiting for the response from Nantong. Did he receive her letter? Would the painter's parents comment her when looking at her photo? Was she too pretty, or not enough? Alas! It was really hard to guess… The girl's heart was like the weather in the south of the Yangtze River in March. The temperature and weather changed abruptly.<br />
<br />
学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
<br />
The school was preparing for the Women's Day celebration. Lanying was the commissary in charge of entertainment of the class, a major role that bore a heavy burden of responsibility. The time passed quickly as she arranged the programs, made a blackboard newspaper, and decorated the venue.<br />
<br />
“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄起话筒,一惊一喜——那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
<br />
On Woman’s Day, the curtain was opened, and everyone was watching the stage. Suddenly someone called Lanying to answer the phone. She took up the microphone, and was surprised and delighted--it was the painter calling from the school's reception office.<br />
<br />
兰英极力掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,一阵风似的跑到学校的门口。<br />
<br />
Lanying tried to hide his excitement, turned to the students, vaguely explained a few words, and ran to the school gate like a gust of wind.<br />
<br />
画家站在那里,手中照例拿着一个速写本。<br />
<br />
The painter stood there, holding a sketchbook in his hand as usual.<br />
<br />
“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
<br />
"When did you arrive?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I just got off the train. I was passing through here after the home leave." The painter said.<br />
<br />
“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
<br />
"Please come in, do you … want to draw some sketches for our celebration?"<br />
<br />
“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……” <br />
<br />
"Not going in. I'd like to invite you out for a walk…"<br />
<br />
兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意味着向人生的一个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
<br />
Lanying hesitated for a moment. She was willing to accept the request, but also felt embarrassed. Since she entered the period of youth and became mature, Lanying spent this day with her female companions every year. Today she was going to leave her group, which meant saying goodbye to a stage of life. She thought about the discipline of the school, the opinion of classmates...<br />
<br />
“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
<br />
"Where are we going?" Lanying asked shyly.<br />
<br />
“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
<br />
"Huqiu." The painter's expression did not change.<br />
<br />
当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
<br />
When they got off the bus and stood at the foot of Huqiu Hill, the girl's uneasy heart was quieted down and relaxed. <br />
<br />
和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深”。沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
<br />
Compared with the small gardens in Suzhou City, Huqiu was a broad and quiet place to visit. The first two lines of Bai Juyi's poem on Huqiu were " The temple doesn't look far away, but it's very deep in the garden.” Walking along the stone path to the garden, there were many pines and cypresses, clear and blue sword pool, thick and tall groves of bamboo hiding the buildings and pavilions on the hillside: Temple of Chloris, Three Smiles pavilion... Walking deeper and there was more quiet, like walking into a sweet dream.<br />
<br />
这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在一起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
<br />
It was the first time Lanying had been alone with a man. There were mysterious waves in the girl’s heart. She felt that she had a lot to say to the painter, but she didn't know where to start.<br />
<br />
“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
<br />
"Have you received the photo?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I received. My family saw it and they all like you." The painter said.<br />
<br />
可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术。他对这一带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而倾倒。<br />
<br />
But the painter soon changed the subject. He commented on the local customs and culture of Suzhou and introduced the plastic art of the regions south of the Yangtze River. He seemed to be familiar with the area and knew a lot of anecdotes. The girl listened to him with great interest and was overwhelmed with admiration by the painter's profound knowledge.<br />
<br />
前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去 ,仿佛在祝福这一对美好的情侣。突然,一股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
<br />
Huqiu Pagoda was just ahead. The towering spire thrust into the blue sky and white clouds, magnificent and magical. Lanying and the painter ran towards the top of the hill with excitement. The painter stretched out his strong arm to support the girl. They were so close to each other, feeling the heat of each other's breath and heart beating. Pines, cypresses, and bamboo forests swayed backwards, as if they were blessing the wonderful couple. Suddenly, with a blazing feeling, they both stopped at the same time.<br />
<br />
这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰一样醉红,双唇像微微绽开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己一样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后一瞬……<br />
<br />
Here was surrounded by hills and trees, empty and silent. The painter stared at the girl with a frank and honest look; Lanying closed her eyes happily, ready to receive a baptism of love that would never be forgotten. The golden sunlight, through the branches of the trees, cast waving shadows on the girl’s face. Her cheeks were as red as roses, and her lips were like slightly blooming petals, more beautiful than usual. What a pure girl. Opening the window of her heart, there wasn’t any trace of dust and impurities. Although it was her second meeting with the painter, she trusted him and life as she trusted herself. Hold her tight, kiss her with fervor. She would be yours forever, from now until the last moment of your life…<br />
<br />
“兰英,我要告诉你一件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是‘右派’！”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I’ll tell you something." What she heard at this moment was the painter’s calm voice, “The first time was too late and the second time is not too late. I was classed as a 'rightist' when I was in college. Really, it was the 'rightist'!”<br />
<br />
霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
<br />
All of a sudden, the hills and trees, the ancient pagoda, were frozen in a deathly silence…<br />
<br />
孤岛上<br />
On a Lonely Island<br />
<br />
到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。1957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
<br />
Have you ever been to an island of the sea? The water and sky seemed to be mixed up together. The clouds came and went, and tide rose and fell. The island was a poem, a fresh and meaningful poem. At the turn of spring and summer in 1957, Yuan Yunsheng was in a poetic environment.<br />
<br />
他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
<br />
He went deep into the life on the island and practice drawing from nature. The Central Academy of Fine Arts required that second-year students had a two-month internship course; before the summer vacation, students went to different parts of the country. He and another student were the only ones who participated in the trip to the island. It was located on the shore of the Yellow Sea. There were only troops on the island, and no residents for miles around. The island provided him with a fortunate environment, getting away from the noise and disputes of the human world, and escaping the violent turmoil that happened in the mainland.<br />
<br />
小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体 ,心情是焦渴的。当蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
<br />
People on the island were closest to nature. Every morning, carrying the paint box on his back, he wandered on the beach covered with light yellow gravel and welcomed the first ray of happy sunshine. At the age of only eighteen, Yuan Yunsheng had already stood out from the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions and became a hazy composite of Chinese Classicism Painting and Western Modernism Painting, who was anxious. The blue sea sprinkled ten thousand golden stars and the sunglow filled his heart with brilliant colors. It was the moment when the young artist's life was burning. He hurriedly opened the paint box, spread the canvas and accepted the generous offer of nature.<br />
<br />
小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左右,才有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
<br />
The island was simple. Politics was proportional to the population, and there were fewer political topics here. Only a barge arrived to deliver newspapers and mail every ten days or so. While he and his companion were eating, they hastily opened the newspapers and skim through them. He was curious about the articles that appeared in the newspaper:<br />
<br />
“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好啦……”<br />
<br />
"Beijing is allowing the people to express their views now. This article is interesting. This opinion should be adopted. Changing it like this will be good…"<br />
<br />
他看完报纸一扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块和线条的运用。<br />
<br />
He threw the newspaper away after reading it and then forgot about it. He did not care about anything else except painting. His road of life was bright, full of sunshine, with no clouds hanging over him and nothing to worry about. All he cared about was the use of light, color blocks and lines.<br />
<br />
年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队的宣传干事带到一间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
<br />
The only political question the young artist faced was raised by the local soldiers. One day, he was taken to a humble shed by a publicity officer of the troops, and a pair of trusting eyes were cast upon him.<br />
<br />
“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, you have asked to go to another island to paint, right?"<br />
<br />
“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
<br />
"Yes, we want to go there."<br />
<br />
“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
<br />
"The troops have studied it. You can go, but your classmate stays."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查 。你们学校填写了两份材料,你的情况单纯 。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
<br />
"A permanent military project is being built on the island. Those who go there have to pass a political vetting. Your college filled out two documents, and your background is simple. Your classmate can't go, mainly because of family problems…"<br />
<br />
袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是一种荣幸,既然生活当中存在这样一些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng frowned. It was an honor to be invited alone. Since there were such rules in life, he went to there alone and no one could blame it. But it brought him more trouble than excitement. He knew his classmates. They were all members of the Communist Youth League and were the backbone of the students. Why should they be distinguished? With his artistic way of thinking, he decided that it was a proposition of conscience and friendship.<br />
<br />
“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
<br />
"Hey, I got it." He went back to the dorm and said to his companion, "The island is building fortifications, drilling and blasting, filled with smoke. There is nothing to paint. We've been out for a long time, let's just go back to the college!"<br />
<br />
不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大 登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活见鬼 !中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
<br />
Soon, he and his classmate crossed the sea and landed at Lvda City. The cool sea breeze blew against the beautiful city, arousing interest in sightseeing. They wandered the streets. The scenery was charming, the buildings were quirky and everywhere was full of Russian atmosphere. When Yuan looked up at the signposts, which wrote the street names like “Makarov”, he complained: "Damn it! Why does the street of a Chinese city have to be named after a Russian general? What a bummer…" A few days later, they stood in the blue harbor, casting a last glance at the ocean waves, and turned around to set foot on the way back.<br />
<br />
不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
<br />
He didn’t expect that it was a farewell to the blue life.<br />
<br />
北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷 ,使海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头 ,有碍“百花齐放”。袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
<br />
Beijing had changed. Returning from the island, he was amazed by the swift counterattack, the overwhelming criticism, and the petals scattered on the ground in the campus. What puzzled him most was the situation of Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the academy. He heard that the secretary of the Party Committee made a mistake because he advocated the revolutionary school of painting too far, which hindered "all flowers blooming together". Yuan Yunsheng really didn’t understand what the “revolutionary school of painting” had to do with the “rightist”.<br />
<br />
袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? 一连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng hid in the dormitory, immersing himself in gathering up his sketches. Perhaps, he was safe. He advocated inheriting ancient Chinese art and drawing on western modern art, which should be conducive to the "blooming of a hundred flowers". How could he not be safe. For several days, he chased the white clouds, waves and seagulls, lost in the memories of his trip to the sea…<br />
<br />
有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像一个漏了税的走私犯接受审讯。<br />
<br />
One day, he was suddenly called to the classroom and stood in front of the people, like a smuggler being tried for tax evasion.<br />
<br />
摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名——“反苏” 。 <br />
<br />
He was faced with a host of problems: deviant views in art, sympathetic remarks to the "rightist", "poisoning" on the island and in Lvda, and a terrible accusation throughout it--"anti-Soviet".<br />
<br />
究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐 ,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
<br />
The answer to who denounced him could be found by using elementary mathematics, but it was meaningless. Since he had thought so, and said, he said bluntly to anyone, with an honest heart.<br />
<br />
他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他一挥手:“请你到外面等一会儿。”<br />
<br />
He racked his brain to repeat what he had said, and the presenter waved to him: "Please wait outside for a moment."<br />
<br />
他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听见屋里在争论。<br />
<br />
He left the classroom and stood in the corridor, feeling relieved and comfortable. The corridor was only one door away from the classroom, and he heard an argument in the room.<br />
<br />
有人说:“够了……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "That's enough…”<br />
<br />
有人说:“还不够……”<br />
<br />
Someone said: "Not enough...”<br />
<br />
有人说:“态度还好……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "The attitude is not bad…"<br />
<br />
他的好友在替他争辩,另一些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
<br />
His best friends were arguing for him, and others were insisting on something, which sounded interesting. Then there was silence… Then, he was called back to the classroom.<br />
<br />
“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, after research, you've been classified as a 'rightist'!"<br />
<br />
政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色——红与黑。点朱泼墨,二者居其一,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不同,观点对立,照样用黑笔一勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
<br />
The oil painting box of the political movement had only two colors--red and black, which was different from the oil painting box of the artist. The only way to choose between cinnabar and ink was to rely on fortune-telling. He and Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, were of different ages, different background colors, and opposing views, but they were both outlined by black brushes with the same destination and the painting procedures were highly simplified.<br />
<br />
晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
<br />
In the evening, he rode the bike to Baijiazhuang, where his brother Yuan Yunfu lived. He rocked back in the sofa: "I am."<br />
<br />
哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
<br />
His brother smiled and asked, "What are you?"<br />
<br />
“我是’右派’了。”<br />
<br />
"I'm a 'rightist' now."<br />
<br />
“呵?”哥哥大吃一惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
<br />
"Huh?" His brother was astonished, "What mistake did you make?"<br />
<br />
“我没犯错误。”<br />
<br />
"I didn't make a mistake."<br />
<br />
“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
<br />
"Then why are you classified as a 'rightist'?"<br />
<br />
“他们说我是,就是啰 。”<br />
<br />
"They said I am. So I am."<br />
<br />
“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
<br />
"No! No!" His brother was trembling.<br />
<br />
“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
<br />
"What’s wrong with that?" He said evenly, "I still paint, still go to school, still engage in arts."<br />
<br />
他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山造湖,兴修水库,一颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地指挥部,请求一边干活一边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人来访。<br />
<br />
He really did not know pain yet. Soon after, hundreds of thousands of people in the capital swarmed to the out to the suburbs to move mountains and create lakes and build reservoirs in the gorge of the Ming Tombs, and a naive heart was touched. He thought how good it would be to see so many people working together to do one thing. He took his oil painting box and rode more than one hundred miles by bike to the construction headquarters, asking to be able to work and spent his spare time painting. They refused, explaining that according to the regulations, they would not accept personal visits.<br />
<br />
又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他一个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
<br />
Shortly afterward, he went into the construction site by bus with a large group of people from the Central Academy of Fine Arts. How excited he was! He did as much work alone as several men together, carrying six baskets for holding earth on one pole, and running fast on the rugged mountain road. At noon, when others took a nap, he held his painting clipboard and went to the mountain to paint under the scorching sun. Until he was exhausted and staggered back to the shed, he still didn’t feel bitter. Because it was her own choice. He was motivated by the boiling life and generously gave his energy, feeling that it was a great pleasure.<br />
<br />
可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成呵斥的嗓门,一张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了——仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
<br />
But the atmosphere in the shed had changed. The students gathered around him, pointing at him, and saying that he was disobedient, did not accept reform, and should not paint anymore… He was stunned. He didn’t know that it was a criticism meeting, and he didn’t understand what they said. He only felt that familiar eyes became harsh eyes, intimate expressions became indifferent expressions, and peaceful voices became scolding voices. Their mouths were moving, and their hands were shaking. Suddenly he understood--just one thing: he was different from others!<br />
<br />
他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
<br />
He opened his bloodshot eyes wide, wriggled his dry lips, and fell down with his hands on his head.<br />
<br />
过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
<br />
Because of overwork and mental stimulation, he contracted serious dysentery. The illness dragged on from summer to winter, and later he was sent to an unheated hut at college.<br />
<br />
小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活 ,学校当局不再放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他才感到了痛苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出一串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
<br />
The hut was cold and damp, where dripping water could freeze. His body was hot with a high fever. College authorities were no longer concerned about his condition. A year ago, he was the pride of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, who became an abandoned orphan now. He felt the pain, the pain of being strangled in art, exceeding the physical pain, like being pushed into a terrible hell. No! In the spiritual realm of art, there was only heaven, not hell. He was forced to learn to be inferior, but he could never learn it. In a coma, cluttered thoughts were flashing, as if he was flying after the seagulls, and dancing with the Goddess of the Luo River. He tossed and turned and struggled, with a series of moans, as if not willing to sink, but to climb out of the dark hell…<br />
<br />
屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
<br />
A faint white light came through the door and he heard the sound of footsteps. Looking there attentively, he found that his friend stood in front of the bed, casting sympathetic and concerned eyes at him.<br />
<br />
他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是一种负担。我需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
<br />
He sat up quickly: "Please don't come to see me again. I understand that it is a burden for others to be close to me. I need friendship, but not pity. What I need now is solitude, solitude, let me be alone!"<br />
<br />
新月<br />
<br />
The Crescent Moon<br />
<br />
夕阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野 闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对青年男女。<br />
<br />
The setting sun cast a golden glow on Huqiu and fell to the other side of the hill. The clear and quiet lights shimmered on the hill, which was connected to the transparent dusk, reflecting the stately profile of the millennium pagoda, like a contemplative old man overlooking a young couple on the hill.<br />
<br />
这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们一页一页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像一阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只残忍的巨手一挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择 。<br />
<br />
This moment was long enough for Lanying. There were tragedies and comedies in love stories that had been passed down through the ages, attracting people to read them page by page. However, the second page of Lanying's story was unbearable. The tender feelings of a girl who was in her first love: happiness, novelty, joy… For an instant they vanished like a gust of wind, as if with the wave of a cruel hand, everything sank, everything disappeared, and a problem was put before the girl, severe, cold, and emotionless, turning the sweet assignment into a cold choice of stakes.<br />
<br />
在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的一群 ,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以“杀气腾腾”“煽风点火 ”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁愿与鬼蜮联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
<br />
In those years, in this land, as long as people mentioned the "rightist", a bunch of greys flashed before their eyes, like shadows, like ghosts, as if they killed a man, committed arson, or poison something. It seemed that they were all charged with “murder”, “fanning the flames”, “drug trafficking” and so on. Their souls were sentenced to death, leaving only soulless shells of bodies. The shell, could breathe but could not speak, and must work but could not harvest. The only tolerance that society gave them was to give them more time than convicts sentenced to death, turning their shells into mud. Who would want to be married to a ghost? Who wanted to be with a zombie? Lanying faced such a choice.<br />
<br />
在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每一个姑娘都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵——询问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,工资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称一称。爱情的内容转变了,转变为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义 。<br />
<br />
In an environment where marriage and politics were tied together, every girl had to make considerations, either to enjoy honor, or to have misfortunes with her husband. Under the same dusk, how many girls in the world were considering it--asking the man’s family background, political affiliation, education background, job, salary, rank… asking his direct value and everything indirectly translated into value, and then weighing them on the balance of love. The content of love had been transformed into the process of exchange of commodities, which gradually became common and natural.<br />
<br />
兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算 。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
<br />
Lanying had more rights to make her own decisions. She was receiving higher education. She would be a nurse in the future, whose had blood of martyrs in her veins. The organization was considering her to join the Communist Party of China. She was as proud as a daughter of an eminent family, as beautiful as Snow White… Every intersection of life would provide the green light for her. with sons from aristocratic families for her to choose and high position and great wealth to enjoy. But life seemed to play ticks on her. It was the black devil who came to her side, not the angel of love. It was not late to break off the relationship with him at once, and there was no obligation on conscience and morality.<br />
<br />
兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越 ,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气 。因此,她还不懂得利害。<br />
<br />
Lanying lost in painful thought. She was in a privileged situation and had pure experiences, remaining unspotted from the world. Therefore, she did not understand the stakes.<br />
<br />
政治运动对姑娘来说,像一场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些“右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她还时常听到这样的告诫:有才华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不断得到强化。<br />
<br />
The political movement was like a vague dream for the girl. In 1957, she was an innocent girl studying in middle school. She took part in the denunciation, with her mouth, with her pen, with her outraged feeling. The war was over before she could see the enemies clearly. She only saw the backs of the prisoners. Later, when the girl was a little older, whenever she heard that someone was a "rightist", she could not help but look at him with curiosity. She saw that most of the "rightists" were scholars, professors, artists, writers, business backbone, celebrities and so on. She also often heard the admonition: talented people often had strong personalities; people with strong personalities often suffered setbacks. The direct and converse theorem of real life had been repeated in various tones, and the girl’s impression of it was constantly reinforced.<br />
<br />
抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的嘲讽。<br />
<br />
The abstract concept of friend or foe formed a concrete conclusion in the girl's mind, which was a sad mockery of the solemn political movement.<br />
<br />
眼前的画家又是一个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离经叛道的歧路 ,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为政治问题?为什么要让一个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的才华……什么是才华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下一颗蓝色的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
<br />
The painter before her was another example. Because the painter opposed the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, he was declared to be on an unorthodox and evil path and was sentenced to death in politics. The girl could not understand why the issue of art had to be turned into a political issue? Why should a Chinese hot-blooded young man be sacrificed to a foreign altar as a lamb to be slaughtered? Wasn't it ludicrous? Such a ludicrous thing actually happened. Perhaps, it further proved that the painter was not a meek lamb, but a fearful calf, attracting jealousy from others. It further proved the painter’s courage and insight, indomitable nature and precious talent… What was talent? For the simplehearted girl, it was the light of life, the garland of youth, the transcendence of ignorance, the sublimation of knowledge. It made money and wealth eclipsed, made gain, loss, fame and bad reputation ruin and loss become a passing cloud, like a bright horizon that divided the clear sky and turbid earth. Foolish girls liked to adorn themselves with jewels, but noble girls were full of spiritual aspirations. She was willing to pick a blue star and set it on the heart of love... Lanying broke the silence and said to the painter in a deep voice: "Don't mention those things of your past to me again. I don't think you've made a mistake…"<br />
<br />
画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子 ,也是有限的宽恕,一切还同过去一样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "But everyone else thinks so. Even if they took the hat off, the forgiveness would be limited, and everything would be the same as before. You can't associate with people like me. You must consider the consequences."<br />
<br />
“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
<br />
"I don't care about the consequences. No matter what other people think, I trust my instincts."<br />
<br />
“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are your instincts?"<br />
<br />
“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
<br />
"My instinct is that you are talented!"<br />
<br />
这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激动的光辉:“世上有才华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
<br />
It was the highest praise for an "enemy of society”. Her tone showed a significant preference, which should bring enough relief to the painter. But the painter stood there with a stoney expression. The radiance of excitement in his gaze was worn away: "There are many talented people in the world, including glorious victors and miserable losers. Why do you prefer me? You’ll regret it in the future…"<br />
<br />
难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把才华糟蹋得像一块抹布的年月里,这句话,他不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子无才便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,才华再也不是令知识分子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
<br />
No wonder the painter reacted indifferently. It was not the first time he had heard the phrase in the years when his talent was ruined like a rag. Anyone could give it to him. Beneath the hypocritical compliment was a deliberate mockery. "A woman without talent is virtuous", now also applied to men. Even if he was trampled underfoot, mercilessly flogged, covering with cuts and bruises, they could pat him on the shoulder and told him to get up and go to work. At that time, talent was no longer a flower that made intellectuals have smug feelings, but a bitter medicine that touched their feelings of sorrow.<br />
<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
<br />
Lanying’s and the painter's eyes met. The painter's eyes, probing and frank, with a deep flame of self-esteem and some expectations, shot all the way to the girl's heart. Lanying could not resist this stare that could penetrate through everything, and her heart was shivering…<br />
<br />
兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费力气地获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被搞得阴阳颠倒！一时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到一颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙一样晶莹闪烁。<br />
<br />
Lanying suddenly remembered that it was her second meeting with the painter, in this quiet mountain forest, a secluded valley far away from the city. Wasn't today Women's Day? Ordinarily, he could easily win the girl’s heart with his gentleness and gallantry. However, he brought frustration, which couldn’t wait to broke the girl's calm. He said the truth, revealed the hidden pain, casting ominous clouds. He knew that it could cause irreversible consequences, but insisted on doing it. What exactly was it for? How upright and poised he was! Why was such a person said to be a terrible devil? The vanished soul? Life was so unfair! Honesty for disaster, cunning for glory, how much right and wrong in the world had been turned upside down! For a moment, Lanying felt that the ravine, valley and river in front of her had been filled in. Through the evening mist, she saw a sincere heart, glittering and shining like agates.<br />
<br />
兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
<br />
Lanying said excitedly, "I decided."<br />
<br />
画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "You love me?"<br />
<br />
“喜欢。”<br />
<br />
"Yes."<br />
<br />
“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
<br />
"What do I have to be loved?"<br />
<br />
“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
<br />
"Because you are honest, and love needs honesty."<br />
<br />
画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝 里滚动。<br />
<br />
The painter's whole body shocked, and he threw himself on the girl and buried his head in her arms. In one moment, the strong man turned into a child that curled up, with tears welling up in his eyes.<br />
<br />
一弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
<br />
A crescent moon rose. The ancient pagoda was solemn, and the bamboo forest whispered. The bright silver light shined on the girl, who was like a silver statue of goddess.<br />
<br />
画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
<br />
The painter was like embracing a treasure that he never wanted to lose. For many years, he lived and behaved with integrity, and infatuated with art. But no one had ever given such an evaluation on him. Today, the girl judged his conscience, filling his lonely heart with light. He was satisfied and relieved, feeling that he got the greatest reward for the hardship he had suffered for years…<br />
<br />
双桥<br />
<br />
Shuangqiao<br />
<br />
当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢——充当囚犯, 颠沛流离 ,饱尝辛酸……<br />
<br />
Contemporary artists have great passions to pursue their own artistic styles, and those who had suffered misfortune had unique styles that could not be replaced by others. Who wants to repeat their experience--to be a prisoner, to wander, to endure all kinds of hardships…<br />
<br />
翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
<br />
Open Repin’s collection, and look at ''Barge Haulers on the Volga''.<br />
<br />
我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石磙,弓着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下一闪一闪。<br />
<br />
There is a picture similar to ''Barge Haulers on the Volga'' before us, a living picture. The sun was hot, and the air was burning. On the golden wheat field, a young man pulled a stone roller with the posture of the barge hauler on the Volga. He bowed, head down, with a rope trip on his shoulder, hands almost down to the ground. Sweat was running down his bare back, glowing and winking in the sun.<br />
<br />
这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是最年轻的一个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石磙,一拉就是一天。<br />
<br />
This was Shuangqiao Farm in Beijing, one of the earliest state farms, which was famous for its mechanized production. But the artists from the Central Academy of Fine Arts did the work like animal labor. Yuan Yunsheng was the youngest among more than twenty people, who volunteered to do the heaviest work. He pulled the stone roller on the wheat field all day.<br />
<br />
二十几个人住在一间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。几年前,在他们头顶上发生的 那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成为一门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向两极。<br />
<br />
More than twenty people lived in a large room, with shabby windows and doors, and flies and mosquitoes flying freely in and out. There were two rows of wide beds for a number of people and tables made of wooden boards in the room. The dean, professors, teaching assistants and students were equally treated here. The explosion that happened above their heads a few years ago caused different reactions in each of them. Some were silent, some were endlessly repentant, some were calm, and some were trembling, just as the mechanics of the explosion developed into a unique craft, capable of both destruction and construction, making their spiritual models distinctly polarized.<br />
<br />
袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头一个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,一头畜力转眼间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng returned to the room from the wheat field, his first action was to fall on the drawing board by the bed. The animal became an artist with glittering eyes at once, just like the miracle of a magic show by a magician. With the drawing board under his arm, he looked for prey everywhere. He was the master of everything in the territory of visual image.<br />
<br />
他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着他。试问 ,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展示了情景交融的空间——略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
<br />
He doggedly innovated, of his own accord and under duress. He had to reform through labor, and made art at the same time, who needed to adapt to the new environment because he could not leisurely portray objects like oil painters. Applying the achievements of line modeling in Chinese painting to Western oil painting, which was a hazy pursuit before, now became a bright flame that attracted him strongly. Who had ever seen the existence of "line" in life? And he saw it. He observed the layers of light, analyzed the light and plane of the object, trying to grasp the moment when a plane met another plane. The changing, transitional, and wonderful division showed clear lines on the retina, which commanded the hand and pen through the processing of the brain, the exaggeration of emphasis and the appropriate deformation, drawing firm or soft lines on the sketch, as simple as Chinese paintings, as precise as Western paintings, like a Peking Opera artist on an empty stage, showing the space that feelings mingled with scenes with his nuanced hand movements, expression of eyes and body motions--a remarkable painting language that was slight but not empty, with real in its emptiness.<br />
<br />
他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
<br />
He figured it out. Since his paintings would never be cared again, let alone exhibited, he could let his pen draw freely. During the days in the farm, he made more than two thousand sketches with pens, brushes and pencils, far more than the number of assignments for students in fine art colleges. With heavy work and strong foundation, he went toward his goal. A large pile of sketches on his bedside was the accumulation of his faith and the ocean of spirit.<br />
<br />
住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
<br />
Among the people living in the same room, there was a stern elder who often watched the young painter's behaviors. He was Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy. Jiang Feng's gaze was astonished. He didn’t know his student before, but now he was touched by Yuan Yunsheng's enthusiasm for hard work and advancement.<br />
<br />
“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去！”<br />
<br />
"I really don't understand why the student like you should be labeled as a 'rightist'?" Jiang Feng said to Yuan Yunsheng, "Draw it. As long as you think it's right, you can draw it according to your will!"<br />
<br />
这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
<br />
It was the direct teaching Yuan Yunsheng heard from the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, not in the grand academy, but in the hard adversity. This teaching impressed him forever.<br />
<br />
一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
<br />
One day, people living in the same room held a review meeting. Some of them confessed as usual, but Jiang Feng declaimed, criticizing the proneness to boasting and exaggeration in publicity, the disconnect between economic policy and economic base, and the hazards of "Left" opportunism, just like a level-headed politician without the slightest self-consciousness of an offender. He was still him, maintaining human dignity, and exercising the rights of the brain and mouth. Yuan Yunsheng listened, filled with admiration.<br />
<br />
散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特儿是清癯的、憔悴的,一副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出一个美的灵魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
<br />
After the meeting, Jiang Feng read a book with his head on the desk. Yuan Yunsheng quietly picked up the drawing board and looked towards him. The model in front of him was skinny and haggard, with a contemplative look. However, in the painter's mind, a beautiful soul was reflected, as hard and transparent as diamonds. The painter used his brush to draw a portrait of him with ease and verve.<br />
<br />
“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
<br />
"Oh, I'm much thinner than before." Jiang Feng took the sketch and said with emotion, "Leave this painting to me. You and I have a memorable friendship…"<br />
<br />
这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
<br />
The sketch was paired with a frame, hanging in Jiang Feng's home for many years.<br />
<br />
一个被撤职的党委书记,一个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
<br />
A dismissed secretary of the Party Committee, and a young man forced to stop school. Neither of their personalities were distorted under the weight. Once the personality had overcome the ordeal, it was like cast iron. It was the same to admit it or not.<br />
<br />
雨纷纷<br />
<br />
The Drizzling Water <br />
<br />
画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业分配。<br />
<br />
The painter parted with Lanying in Suzhou and returned to Changchun. They exchanged letters from time to time. A year later, Lanying was facing job assignment after graduation.<br />
<br />
东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降临头上。<br />
<br />
The Northeast was very unfamiliar to Lanying. In her imagination, it was distant borderlands covered with snow and ice, a terrible place so cold that the nose, ears and chin could be frozen off. None of the students wanted to be assigned to the Northeast. They were used to the affluent conditions and warm climate of lands of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River, and the mere mention of the Northeast made their hair stand on end, as if the doom of exile had fallen on their heads. <br />
<br />
兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
<br />
Lanying was regardless of anything. In the girl's mind, where he was, there was spring, and there was a bonfire! She was willing to suffer cold and hunger just by his side.<br />
<br />
当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying proposed to the organization of his aspiration for assignment, the other side was shocked: “Ah, you already have a boyfriend! How long have you known each other? What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
姑娘一五一十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住 。<br />
<br />
The girl answered one by one. She thought that it could not be hidden sooner or later.<br />
<br />
兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象力,把故事编得像田园牧歌一样美妙——<br />
<br />
Lanying’s story spread through the college. Oral litterateurs were not lack in imagination, and made up the story as beautiful as an idyllic pastoral--<br />
<br />
“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
<br />
"Hey, did you hear? Lanying asked to be assigned to Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
<br />
"So far away! Why do you want to go there?"<br />
<br />
“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子。”<br />
<br />
"She met a boyfriend, one of the most beautiful men in Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那个人干什么的?”<br />
<br />
"What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
<br />
"He's an actor at Changchun Film Studio. He acted many movies."<br />
<br />
“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
<br />
"Of course it is good to have an actor as boyfriend. He can go everywhere in the country. <br />
Studios are in big cities, and Lanying can be transferred to wherever she likes!"<br />
<br />
但是,在学校的一间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
<br />
But in a small room of the college, Lanying's head was under the weight of thousand pounds, and furious and disappointed eyes were cast at him: “You are too naïve in politics. Who is he? A ‘rightist', who is anti-Party and anti-socialist. Who are you? The descendant of revolutionary martyrs, member of the Communist Youth League, and the Party organization's development target. Won’t you feel sorry about your dead parents? And the Party?<br />
<br />
兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了……”<br />
<br />
Lanying argued: "His hat had been taken off…"<br />
<br />
“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样一个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣个黑锅背一辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
<br />
"Whether his hat had been taken off or not, it was all the same. If one has such a family, he could not shake it off. But you want to have the injustice and carry it for the rest of your life. How silly you are!"<br />
<br />
“我乐意……”<br />
<br />
"I don’t care…"<br />
<br />
“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍白,四肢麻木,像是一个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
<br />
"Don’t say any more! You are already his prisoner, standing on a cliff. You have to break off with him, and never meet him again. If he writes to you, you hand it over to the organization to deal with!" Lanying sat in a corner of the room, pale and numb, like a rebel on trial. What did she have to say? A simple-hearted girl confided in others the secret of love for the first time, who should receive happy congratulations. However, she received brutal reprimand and forced interferences, and it was useless to argue with them. She dragged herself back to the dormitory.<br />
<br />
更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她,好像她做了什么亏心事。一颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
<br />
What was harder to bear was the mute weight. Her classmates looked at her with scorn and whispered about her as if she had done something against conscience. A pearl once held in the palm of the hand suddenly became the object of ridicule, so that she tasted the fickleness of the world, the ups and downs of fate, and aroused a strong feeling of rebellion.<br />
<br />
她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨——爸爸生前的战友。<br />
<br />
She wrote a letter and sent it to an aunt in Hangzhou, a former comrade of her father.<br />
<br />
阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
<br />
The aunt soon sent a telegram, asking her to go to Hangzhou and talking with her face to face.<br />
<br />
兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空一样阴郁。<br />
<br />
When she arrived in Hangzhou, it was drizzling. The aunt took her to her residence, and was very hospitable with smile, trying to make her happy. However, Lanying's face looked sad, as gloomy as the sky.<br />
<br />
“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说，“我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
<br />
"What if you worry yourself into illness?” The aunt said, "Let me go out for a walk with you.”<br />
<br />
她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
<br />
They went to Orioles Singing in the Willows of the West Lake with an umbrella.<br />
<br />
西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
<br />
The West Lake was silvery gray in front of Lanying. The sky was silver, and the water was silver. The atmosphere was drifting with silver powder that looked like rain but not rain, which he could not feel, and her clothes seemed to be getting wet but not.<br />
<br />
兰英的眉心舒展 了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
<br />
Lanying felt more comfortable: "The scenery here is so beautiful!"<br />
<br />
“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢，”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍一个男朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证会喜欢他……”<br />
<br />
"It is worth coming here, right. There is another happy thing," said the aunt with a smile, "I’ll introduce to you a boyfriend. He is a member of the party and does confidential work in the army. He is handsome and you are well-matched in age. I’m sure that as long as you are willing to meet him, you are going to like him…"<br />
<br />
兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
<br />
Lanying was on the alert at once: "Did you invite me here just for this?"<br />
<br />
阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养感情嘛……”<br />
<br />
The aunt said: "I’m doing this for your own good. The relationship needs to be cultivated. You don’t have a relationship with him now, but you can cultivate it…"<br />
<br />
姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进一团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲径好像布满陷阱。一种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。给你!”<br />
<br />
The girl only felt that her chest was stuffed with a mess. The beautiful scenery of the West Lake had become nasty, and the winding path under her feet seemed to be fraught with pitfalls. A feeling of being fooled came over her, and she said angrily: "I don't want to see anyone. Here you are!"<br />
<br />
兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
<br />
Lanying shoved the umbrella into the aunt's hand, turned and ran away through the cold rain. Behind her, the lake water lapped at the shore, making a rhythmic sound, like heaving sighs…<br />
<br />
回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
<br />
Back to the residence, the first thing Lanying did was to pack things, ready to return to Suzhou. The aunt came over and said calmly, "Lanying, I know your temper. Once you have decided something, no one can persuade you…"<br />
<br />
“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
<br />
"I appreciate that you know it." The girl said tonelessly.<br />
<br />
“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好好谈谈吧……”<br />
<br />
"I have only one request." said the aunt, "Since you came to Hangzhou, it does not hurt to stay one more day. Let's talk about it in the evening…"<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
<br />
At night, Lanying and the aunt sat face to face by lamplight.<br />
<br />
“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I trust your eyes. The person you like must be good." The aunt said calmly. “Our party implements a policy of uniting and reforming intellectuals, and people like him still have a role to play."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "I thought the same thing…"<br />
<br />
“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们一些好处。打个比喻吧,好比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那些人再好,也不能使用。你多想一想吧……”<br />
<br />
"But let me tell you more detailed information." The aunt said, "At present, we do not have a team of intellectuals of our own. If we don’t rely on them, who can we rely on? If we want to use them, we have to give them some benefits. To use an analogy, it is like a jelly bean to coax children. The little sweetness will soon melt. When our own team grows up, they can’t be used anymore no matter how good they are. Think more about it…”<br />
<br />
姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头一次听说,在政策的背后还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
<br />
After the girl listened to the thorough analysis, she was bewildered. She heard for the first time that there were policies behind a policy. The infinite mysteries of life were enough for her to digest slowly.<br />
<br />
这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。一个势单力孤的女子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越 ,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为一个农家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
<br />
That night, Lanying lost sleep. At the deadest time of the night, she was thinking about the painter who was far away and gradually came to realize that there were more serious obstacles between them than ice, snow, storms, mountains and rivers. A weak woman, powerless to push away the weight of society, tradition and mentality, felt that the future was infinitely uncertain. Did the girl regret having fallen in love with him? She could not find a reason to condemn herself. Their love was witnessed by the green hill and bright moon, without a trace of dust. She could only regret that she came from a privileged background and was fully favored, so that her love was also shackled. The girl would rather be reborn again for him… She fell asleep in a daze and had a sweet dream that she was transformed into a farm girl and met the painter among the white mountain and the black water. The whole world was pure as if it was covered with silver and jade… When she woke up, she found that it was just a delusional dream. The fate had been doomed, and everything was irreversible. The girl was desperate, with hot tears like a broken line of beads, from the cheeks constantly rolling down...<br />
<br />
第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看一看就会明白的。”<br />
<br />
The next day, the aunt put a magazine in front of Lanying: "This is what I found from the library, you will understand if you read it."<br />
<br />
这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到一篇文章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的一小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的题目——<br />
<br />
It was a magazine of ''Fine Arts'' published in that year. With trembling hands, Lanying opened the pages and found an article. The article criticized an oil painting by Yuan Yunsheng and included a photo of it. What was that? The painting was shrunken into a small and pitiful piece that could not be seen clearly. The girl finally found the title of the painting--<br />
<br />
水乡记忆<br />
<br />
Memory of the Water Town<br />
<br />
“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
<br />
"It’s okay. It’s okay. It would burn if you continue frying it."<br />
<br />
“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
<br />
"Be gentle, don't let others hear it."<br />
<br />
“我先尝尝——哈,又香又脆!”<br />
<br />
"Let me taste it first--ha, it’s delicious and crispy!"<br />
<br />
“放开肚皮吧 ,反正不花钱……”<br />
<br />
"Tuck in. It doesn’t cost money anyway…"<br />
<br />
袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng lying in bed, heard the laughter, the sizzle of boiling oil, and the greedy sound of chewing from next door, along with the aroma of fried oil cakes, keeping him awake at night. <br />
<br />
这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择一处乡土气息浓厚的地区深入生活 ,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓库隔壁的一间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传口号消失了,生理本能在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是一出率先占有填充材料的喜剧。<br />
<br />
This was the warehouse of the production team, located in a small town near Suzhou. Not long ago, Yuan Yunsheng returned to the Central Academy of Fine Arts from Shuangqiao Farm, and got back to Professor Dong Xiwen's studio to learn from him. The teacher suggested him to choose an area with a strong local flavor to plunge into the thick of life, collecting materials for his graduation work. He came to a town in the regions south of the Yangtze River and was assigned to a hut next to the production team's warehouse as the accommodation. It was a time of national economic hardship, and the water town, which was praised as “the earthly paradise", was also facing the threat of starvation. The fanatical slogan that was once popular disappeared and physiological instincts took effect in people, which was first shown in the town's cadres. In order to fill a few people’s bellies, they went harm to the group, compressing others’ bellies. The late-night performance was a comedy of being the first to take possession of the filling material.<br />
<br />
袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng rolled over in bed, causing a few rats to crawl out beside the pillow and hop around on him.<br />
<br />
“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
<br />
"There’s a noise!" The man next door said, "Should we ask that painter to come?"<br />
<br />
“别理他!”<br />
<br />
"Don’t mind him!"<br />
<br />
……<br />
<br />
这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预一下也无可厚非 。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
<br />
This was the material of real life! Paint it. Since "art was subordinate to politics", there was nothing wrong with intervening in such life. The painter lay in bed, his heart flowing with the feeling of concerning for the country and the people.<br />
<br />
然而,夜间的梦寐 并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
<br />
However, the dream at night did not leave the painter with a deep impression. He had his own understanding of the function of art. He came here for pursuit of the beauty in life, and the dust of life could not cloud the artist's heart of gold. The place he went to during the day gave satisfaction to his pursuit. A few weeks later, he returned to Beijing with everything that he wanted.<br />
<br />
回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,一股不可遏制的创作冲动驱使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去一个晚上的时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
<br />
One day after returning to Beijing, he leaned on his bed and thought after dinner. An uncontrollable impulse of creation drove him to pick up the brush and readily draw on the draft paper, the tip of the brush as smooth as floating clouds and flowing water. In only one night, he sketched out his graduation work.<br />
<br />
他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
<br />
He took the sketch to visit Teacher Dong Xiwen. The teacher looked at it and said: "I think it is distinctive. The workload is not small. Get on with it!"<br />
<br />
他把行李卷、画布和油彩,一股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上一摊,不分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
<br />
He moved the bedding roll, canvases and oil paints into the large warehouse of the college. This warehouse was used to store large-scale cultural relics, including a tall stone camel, an excavated stone horse and a stone tiger in front of the tomb of the Han Dynasty general Huo Qubing. The floor was covered with thick dust, and the walls were covered with cobwebs, like a gloomy old castle. He spread the bedding roll on the floor, and worked day and night. The stone tiger and horse watched a young painter working like a maniac. Two months later, Yuan Yunsheng asked someone to help him lift out a huge oil painting.<br />
<br />
这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
<br />
The painting was titled ''Memory of the Water Town''.<br />
<br />
《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优 ”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的分数都不肯给。<br />
<br />
''Memory of the Water Town'' became the topic of conversation in the circle of art. The doyens of painting such as Dong Xiwen, Ye Qianyu and Huang Yongyu praised it, who argued that his graduation grade should be “excellent”. Some others shook their heads and frowned, refusing to give him even a passing grade.<br />
<br />
水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
<br />
What was the memory of the water town for the young painter?<br />
<br />
画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
<br />
In the picture is a small bridge common in Suzhou, which is the style of traditional architectural left over from the Ming Dynasty, with exquisite structure, decorated with delicate sculpted reliefs. The two sides of the bridge show the houses, streets and the lively scene of the market trading during the Spring Festival.<br />
<br />
看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。一个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开一张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。一个淳朴的小女孩刚才卖掉一只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着一桩桩美好的故事——人们在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
<br />
Look, there are people setting up the stage for Beijing opera performance, there are people selling New Year's pictures, and there are people selling grain and vegetables, so lively. A beautiful country girl spreads out a newspaper at her feet and sets bunches of flowers on it, expecting people to visit. A simple little girl has just sold a lamb. Perhaps because the cute little animal was fed by her hands when growing up, she sees it being taken away, showing a look of melancholy... With the strong national style and local customs and practices, the painter drew hundreds of lifelike characters, around the stone bridge to tell good stories -- people exchanged their results of hard work a year here, and were pleased and gratified by the rich and colorful folk recreations.<br />
<br />
桥下是一泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
<br />
Under the bridge is clear, rippling and sparkling. The dark-awninged boats, small wooden boats and barges carrying purchases for the Spring Festival are so close to each other, and brush past the others. The boatmen are all humble, avoiding each other, and quickly giving the way for the neighboring boats. A young man lies leisurely on the bow of the boat, the sunlight sprinkling over his face, and thinks with a vision of the future…<br />
<br />
这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举世无双的韧性——走向明天!<br />
<br />
Weren’t the small bridge and the river the reappearance of our national features! Our nation suffered a lot, and was at a very difficult time; however, our indomitable national spirit was not destroyed by the disaster. We were strong, confident and optimistic, emphasized courtesy, and maintained great dignity, with a slow rhythm, calm pace, and resilience that was unparalleled in the world--towards tomorrow!<br />
<br />
谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
<br />
Who could have guessed that the original idea of this painting was conceived in that hut in the water town, that shady with mice hopping around, adjacent to the evil. What a contrast between the hard work of the people, the innocence of the painter, and the greed, selfishness and deceit just a wall away! The painter brushed away the shadows of life, and used painting language to express his deep love for his country and people with good wishes. This was the self-analysis of the painter's mind and character!<br />
<br />
当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩 ,年画的敦厚朴实和壁画的装饰趣味。<br />
<br />
When ''Memory of the Water Town'' was put on public display, hanging in the auditorium of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, the response from the audience was enthusiastic. Some people left comments, some took pictures, and some copied it. Just in terms of its innovation in artistic style, people were amazed by it. The author put aside the "three unities" of plot devices of Western oil painting and the traditional perspective rules, and adopted the ingenious technique of cavalier perspective of Chinese painting, so as to make the independent stories on the picture blend together. When portraying the characters, the author masterly used the tools of Western oil painting, boldly used line modeling, and absorbed the exaggeration of the ancient art of pottery figurines to depict images of the figures with different expressions. The painting had the splendor and magnificence of oil painting, the exact delineation and heavy colors of Chinese painting, the sincerity and simplicity of New Year’s picture and the decorative interest of fresco. <br />
<br />
把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为一炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿了吧！<br />
<br />
It was the author's dream to integrate the ancient and modern, Chinese and Western painting arts into one. His dream should come true!<br />
<br />
但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
<br />
However, the fate of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was suddenly reversed, which was taken off the wall of the exhibition hall and thrown into the garbage dump where scraps were stored. Later, a young man who loved table tennis found its value and dragged it behind the table to use it as a baffle to block the ball. Later, a student from the art history department felt bad for it and secretly cut it down with a scissor, folded it up, and pressed it under the bed in the dormitory. However, the college reported it to the police in panic, bringing in the comrades in the department of public safety to enter the college to reconnoiter, as if searching for an indecent prohibited thing. Finally, the enthusiastic collector had to hand it over, and the campus loudspeaker immediately broadcasted that it was "another victory in paying great attention to class struggle".<br />
<br />
离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着一堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的路口只亮着一盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
<br />
Was it bizarre? Not really. The climate was changing, three years of hardship passed, the fairs trade in the countryside was banned, and the days of hunger were forgotten. Today's politics made new requirements on yesterday's art, and it was time for the painter to be spanked. The author of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was faced with lots of questions that he could never answer: Why didn't you paint a tractor? Why didn't you paint the wheat field with a good harvest? Why didn't paint… Among all the criticisms, no one had ever accused him of not painting the scene next door that night, though such phenomena were a well-known fact. There was only one green light at the intersection of literary criticism: turning left. The artist who stayed true to the art went straight ahead and was denounced as being too "right".<br />
<br />
中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出作者的艺术才能。”<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, once said with emotion: "If this painting had not been damaged, and had been put on display, I can predict that the audience would have rehabilitated him. Even in this tentative work, we can see the artistic talent of the author."<br />
<br />
只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世——其中也包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, the remains of the painting couldn’t be found. The only memorial it had left was a pathetically small picture, accompanied by a critical article that sounded plausible, published in a corner of ''Fine Arts''. The painter should feel honored that it was the first time his work had been made into a zincograph, and printed, spreading around the world--including the one in front of Lanying.<br />
<br />
月台边<br />
<br />
At the Edge of the Platform<br />
<br />
兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
<br />
The second morning Lanying spent in Hangzhou was the most painful time for her.<br />
<br />
阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子 ,还会累及子女。<br />
<br />
The aunt stood beside her as her guardian, and pointed to the magazine as if she had found a powerful proof. The aunt said that a man like Yuan Yunsheng would not correct his mistake, and others would not tolerate him. It would be a lifelong mistake to combine with him, never seeing the light in the future and implicating the children.<br />
<br />
那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘与画家结合 的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
<br />
The magazine did not frighten the girl’s love away, but made her feel the seriousness of the problem. It seemed that it was not only the aunt, the college, but also the whole society that prevented her from being bound with the painter. It seemed that everyone except the girl was cursing him and splashing dirty water on the painter. Did the girl still have the courage to go towards him? Talking about the future children, those innocent babies that would follow the adults and spend their whole life in the mud, Lanying's heart was softened.<br />
<br />
这是一场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
<br />
It was an irresistible spiritual siege. Lanying hunched over the table and burst into tears…<br />
<br />
阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效力,递过一支笔、一张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
<br />
Seeing the effect of her good intention, the aunt handed over a pen and a piece of paper: "Writing him a letter and making it clear, you’ll feel comfortable. If he really loves you, he will not give you trouble again…"<br />
<br />
兰英接过纸笔。<br />
<br />
Lanying took the paper and pen.<br />
<br />
她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家能够得到另一个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后一个字,信纸上满是斑斑泪痕。<br />
<br />
She wrote a very firm statement, cutting off communication with the painter, and didn’t explain anything. She took the responsibility, saying that she was willing to pay the lifelong price for her impulse and would never get married again. In her letter, she wished the painter to get another girl who would love him as much as she did… When she finished the letter, it was blotted with tears.<br />
<br />
阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
<br />
The aunt took it over to have a look and sighed: "Look, the handwriting was wet with tears. It’ll make him suspect that you are not really want to break up with him ......"<br />
<br />
“本来就是被迫的！”兰英没好气地说。<br />
<br />
"It was forced!" Lanying said angrily.<br />
<br />
阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
<br />
The aunt finally got the written pledge and was relieved, sealing the envelope with her own hands, sticking a stamp on it, and taking it to the post office.<br />
<br />
兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将把信撕得粉碎,一赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下 ,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净……<br />
<br />
Lanying returned to Suzhou from Hangzhou, and felt every day like a year, repeatedly imagining the painter's reaction. The painter would be furious, wouldn’t he? Lanying really did not want to add a new scar to the painter's heart, which had been badly wounded, so she did not write irritating words in the letter. But the painter would understand the reason for the change. The letter had already constituted a contempt and insult to him. Would he rip it up and decide not to write back in a fit of anger? Or would he bow to his fate and fall into a depression? Or, the girl's worries were superfluous. Men were men, who were easy come and easy go. He would wipe the girl out of his memory, completely forgetting her.<br />
<br />
兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
<br />
The last thing that Lanying wanted to happen was the latter situation.<br />
<br />
画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
<br />
The painter wrote back with stiff words. He agreed to break up, without a hint of a pleading tone, with only one last condition, asking Lanying to come to Changchun and explain the reason face to face.<br />
<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
<br />
Like hearing an echo from an empty valley, Lanying ran into the college office clasping the letter.<br />
<br />
姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
<br />
The girl placed the letter on the table and said: "Please allow me to go to Changchun."<br />
<br />
对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
<br />
After reading the painter's letter, the other party looked up and asked, "Is this the last meeting?"<br />
<br />
“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
<br />
"Yes." The girl said, "We're very determined."<br />
<br />
学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
<br />
The college could not say the reason for refusing the girl and let her go. On the day of the girl’s departure, the school made a long-distance call to Changchun, asking the painter's unit to cooperate and pay attention to the actions of Lanying and the painter, promoting both sides to break off the relationship.<br />
<br />
火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人头攒动的月台上,她一眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
<br />
The train was flying along, the vast fields passing outside the window. The girl was anxious. She was longing for the scenery of the Northeast in her dream before, but this journey didn’t leave any impression on her. She only remembered the moment the train arrived in Changchun, when she saw the painter with a pale face at a glance on the crowded platform.<br />
<br />
兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
<br />
When Lanying stepped out of the train, the painter was coming up. He still held the sketchbook in his hand, pretending to be calm. However, his tired and dark look, holding back great pain, could not escape the girl's keen eyes. It was exactly what the girl hoped to see, and a thrill of joy rose in her heart. <br />
<br />
画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
<br />
The painter stopped at the edge of the platform, keeping a few steps from the girl.<br />
<br />
“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
<br />
"Please answer now," the painter's voice was like the low roar of a wild animal, "why do you change your mind? Why do you bend to the will of others?"<br />
<br />
姑娘把旅行袋往前一递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听懂是什么意思。<br />
<br />
The girl handed her travel bag forward: "Do you think I come to Changchun to negotiate with you?" The painter was stunned, not understanding what it meant.<br />
<br />
“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑一趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
<br />
"You fool! If I want to break up with you, do I need to come all the way here?" The girl smiled sweetly, "There is a long way to go, and you need to be tested!"<br />
<br />
明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解——那些无尽无休的劝说、挑唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
<br />
The bright sunlight returned to the painter's face. He even forgot to pick up the girl's bag, and was so excited that he didn’t know what to do. The girl dodged back a little, really afraid that the guy who lost his mind in front of him would throw himself into her arms in full view of a large crowd with no regard for the customs of the country… The consensus reached the Changchun negotiation--those endless persuasions, instigation and restraint were really tiresome that decisive actions had to be taken to get rid of it.<br />
<br />
兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同财产,是一条印花双人床单。在一间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
<br />
Lanying and the painter married in the summer vacation after graduation. The wedding was held in Changchun, without relatives officiating, and classmates congratulating. The only gift they received was a blouse given by Yuan Yunfu to his sister-in-law; the new common property was a printed double bed sheet. In a temporary borrowed hut, they performed a solemn ceremony of life. Lanying spent her honeymoon in disassembling and washing the bedding for the former bachelor. The short honeymoon ended as Lanying's reporting date approached.<br />
<br />
人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
<br />
The Queen Mother of the world was not willing to give in after all, and deliberately laid a galaxy between them.<br />
<br />
兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽容——除了东北三省之外,其他任何一个城市都行。实心眼儿的 姑娘把手指放在地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
<br />
Lanying's place of work was chosen from the map. When she was assigned after graduation, the college gave her lenient conditions--any city except the three provinces of the northeast. The honest girl put her finger on the map and found the nearest place to the Northeast along the railway line. Her finger crossed Beijing, Tianjin, and rested on a small circle south of Shanhaiguan: Tangshan. She thought that it was the ideal crossing of the Milky Way on earth.<br />
<br />
她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着一块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生活无法自理。直到这时,她才感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
<br />
Not long after she arrived in Tangshan, she was caught in an "unprecedented" storm. With marches, rebellions, and two factions fighting with each other with machetes and spears, the whole city fell into primitive tribal strife. Lanying was alone and lived in uncertainty in troubled times. The annual visits to her husband comforted her a little in spirit. Later, she was pregnant. The overwork and poor living conditions caused Lanying to suffer from lumbar spine strain. Her back was like carrying a heavy iron plate, and she couldn’t roll over in bed. There was no one to make fires in the house, and the flimsy door and windows could not withstand the cold wind. The lumbar disease made her stiff and unable to take care of herself. By this time, she felt that she needed her husband by her side so much…<br />
<br />
画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到一份工作,又赶到唐山,好不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户口的证件。至此,他们已经两地分居六年了。<br />
<br />
The painter went around and asked, and finally found a job for his wife in a hospital in Changchun, and then rushed to Tangshan. With difficulty, he passed many hurdles and got the documents to switch his wife’s job and transfer her registered permanent residence. So far, they had been living apart for six years.<br />
<br />
兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西——优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。耿耿 银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
<br />
When Lanying sat on the train, the platform in Changchun moving in front of her eyes again, she could not help but have mixed feelings. For six years, she lost a lot of things out of her own volition--a bright future in politics, a beautiful youth and excellent conditions. The corners of her pretty eyes were covered with worry lines, and her beautiful cheeks became sallow with a gaunt appearance. She paid a huge price for the ordinary life of ordinary people, and a charge of "the family member of a rightist whose hat was taken off”. The Milky Way was in front of her, and there were the same strict rituals in heaven and on earth. <br />
<br />
陋室铭<br />
<br />
The Humble Room<br />
<br />
破木桌上摊开一张纸片,一只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
<br />
A piece of paper was spread out on the broken wooden table, and a small hand holding the brush, applied watercolor to the paper. Round, square and irregular blocks of color appeared under the brush, representing different still life: the round one was a washtub, the square one was an old wooden box, and the irregular one was a diaper on a clothesline…<br />
<br />
这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
<br />
It was the artist's son sketching. He was born in Changchun, and no matter how difficult the path of his parents' life was, he grew up according to the laws of nature, until he was old enough to grasp a brush with his little hand. <br />
<br />
小屋只有14平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, 一排大连铺占去三分之二的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
<br />
The house was only 14 square meters. A little sister added to the family, and four of them were crammed into a small space, with a large bed taking up two thirds of the area. The broken wooden table in front of the window was the dad's workbench at ordinary times, and the son's bed at night. The rest of the space was for cooking and washing clothes, and there was no extra space.<br />
<br />
眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
<br />
The artist's son had painted the scene in front of him more than once, which was his first subject of contact with life. This lovely third generation in new China repeatedly painted with the most beautiful colors in his young mind, and had accumulated dozens of sketches. Whenever the neighbors came to visit, he would take out his works and show them off in front of them. However, the comments he heard were very disappointing: "Alas, Lanying, why does your precious son only paint the slums?"<br />
<br />
兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
<br />
Lanying gave a wry smile. What could she say? All her son painted were things in her house.<br />
<br />
兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头一样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
<br />
After Lanying moved to Changchun, she took on heavy housework and lived a hard life. She was used to eating ready-made meals in the canteen before, and never cooked; by this time, she was distressed to find that it was more difficult to steam the corn cake without turning souring than to perform a surgical operation in the hospital. For a long time, the steamed corn cakes, steamed bread of corn and steamed buns that the whole family ate were unbearably sour and hard like stones. The children still gobbled them up as if they natively tasted like that.<br />
<br />
家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱一个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭 。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
<br />
The family's finances were tight. The total income of two college graduates could not keep up with the increase of family members and the rise of commodity prices. The son was lucky enough to eat cake for a few days when he was a child. When it was the daughter's turn, the parents could no longer afford to buy cakes, so they had to buy bread that was a dime per piece to give the children a treat. Later, the parents brought home discounted black bread. Even so, the children were so happy, smiling from ear to ear.<br />
<br />
他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
<br />
They pinched and scraped, but still spent more than their income. At the end of every month, Lanying and the painter would empty out their pockets face to face.<br />
<br />
“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, we haven't bought the meat for this month yet." Lanying said.<br />
<br />
“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
<br />
"Let’s buy it." The painter said, "It's Sunday. It’s time to improve a meal."<br />
<br />
妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服口袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
<br />
The wife had been penniless for a while. The painter turned his pockets inside out to scrap up enough money to buy a catty of meat.<br />
<br />
儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
<br />
The son, who had already prepared a small snow sled and waited there, took the money and ran away with joy.<br />
<br />
过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
<br />
After a while, the son's cheer came from the door: "Come on, the meat is bought back!"<br />
<br />
画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
<br />
The painter and his wife ran out to greet it, but they were stunned: "Where's the meat?"<br />
<br />
儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚才他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤肉颠得没影了……<br />
<br />
My son looked back and saw that the snow sled was empty. He was too happy and run too fast, the catty of meat tossed away…<br />
<br />
“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
<br />
As the "buyer" had never failed in his duty, he became downhearted this time. The painter and Lanying had to comfort their son, holding his embarrassed little face and laughing.<br />
<br />
儿子也笑了。一场精神上的欢笑 代替了假日的会餐。<br />
<br />
The son laughed too. A time of mirth in spirit replaced the holiday meal.<br />
<br />
在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, the so-called "spiritual aristocrats" were finding jobs for themselves. Some decorated the facade of restaurants and hotels, painting some pictures to exchange bottles of wine and whole cases of fish. Some were busy with their household sidelines, producing modern furniture by hand. Others worked as art tutors, and if the students they taught had good backgrounds, their situations would soon be improved. But Yuan Yunsheng did not get any "extra money" and did not look for a way out. He was very busy. He worked during the day, honestly completing the tasks given to him and trying not to be faulted; after he came back home at night, he indulged in painting, steeping himself in his beloved art, and didn’t have time to do the housework.<br />
<br />
在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似的想点办法?”<br />
<br />
At the most difficult time for the family, Lanying said to Yunsheng in a tentative tone, "Could you think of some ways like others?"<br />
<br />
“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
<br />
"Think of what?" The painter asked in amazement.<br />
<br />
“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合过得去……”<br />
<br />
"I don't ask for anything more." The wife said, "I mean, if possible, to make life at home barely get by..."<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head: "There is a way. But that would wreck my art!"<br />
<br />
妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题一搁,永远不再提起。<br />
<br />
The wife knew the weight of the word "art" in her husband's heart. The subject was put aside, and never mentioned again.<br />
<br />
兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥一顿饱一顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣服洗一洗吧。”<br />
<br />
Lanying was sick from exhaustion, tortured by the pain of lumbar spine strain, and sometimes had to stay in bed. Whenever it happened, the sky of the family collapsed and everything was in chaos. The whole family ate erratically; when the children's clothes were dirty, they didn’t have others to change; the sheets were splattered with the painter's oil, like a canvas of an abstract painter... As a medical worker, Lanying had minimum requirements for sanitation. She could not tolerate it anymore, lying in bed and commending the painter: "Wash the sheets and clothes today."<br />
<br />
“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干一场。<br />
<br />
"Okay." The husband obediently put down the brush and rolled up his sleeves as if he was about to get some things done.<br />
<br />
他把床单和衣服泡了满满一盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他一忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;一忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
<br />
He soaked a full tub of sheets and clothes. As he washed, his hands on the washboard slowed down, and his eyes rested on the opposite wall. There hung a new painting, with the oil not yet dry. One minute he tilted his head sideways, looking pleased with himself; the next he frowned, as if he had found something unsatisfactory.<br />
<br />
他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
<br />
He stood up sharply, wiped his soapy hands on his breast, took a brush, and jumped on the bench, making some changes on the painting.<br />
<br />
兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过一丝苦笑。<br />
<br />
Lanying lay on the bed, with a wry smile flitting across the corner of his mouth.<br />
<br />
画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
<br />
The painter jumped off the bench and went back to the washtub. After a while, he couldn't help looking up at the wall again...<br />
<br />
一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,一共跳了多少次?”<br />
<br />
The day passed. He finally finished washing a tub of clothes, taking more than seven hours on it, and did not have time to cook. The whole family was hungry. Lanying, angry and amused, asked humorously, "Hey, how many times did you jump up and down from the bench?"<br />
<br />
画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
<br />
The painter shook his head blankly.<br />
<br />
兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪——整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
<br />
Lanying said: "You do not remember. I counted it for you--twenty times! Oh, what am I gonna do about you? When doing housework, you are lazy than anyone; when picking up the brush, you are more diligent than anyone..."<br />
<br />
天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入睡;儿子一沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另一只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
<br />
It was dark, and snow fell heavily outside the window, like tearing the cotton wool. Lanying, looking at the ceiling, wasn’t able to sleep; as soon as her son touched the pillow, he fell into a sound and sweet sleep. In the other corner of the hut, under the dim light, the painter was rocking his daughter with one hand, while the other hand was holding a brush and painting. He hummed an improvised lullaby, the song echoing softly in the hut...<br />
<br />
漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
<br />
They spent many nights like this in the long winter.<br />
<br />
兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为一个正直的画家的妻子的全部甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
<br />
The husband’s humming rang in Lanying’s ears, and she silently sank in thought. When she first fell in love with him, she admired his integrity and loyalty to art. Now, she had experienced all the joys and sorrows of being the wife of an upright painter. He was content with being poor and lonely. He didn’t have a normal family life, couldn’t see the light at the end of the tunnel, only asking for work, not the harvest... Who but his wife really understood him? He not only was not understood by the society, but he was also identified as a bad man, with sticks always waving above his head. Whenever thinking of these, the pain of the poor couple's disharmony dissipated, and the wife's heart turned into a spring water, full of female tenderness.<br />
<br />
她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
<br />
She thought, if two people shared the housework, they would get nothing done. Even if she had a terrible backache tomorrow, she had to bite the bullet and get up, bearing the heavy load of housework...<br />
<br />
车轮下<br />
<br />
Under the Wheels<br />
<br />
袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng slept late at night and when he rubbed his eyes the next morning, it was already broad daylight outside the window. "Shit!" He dressed frantically, "I'll be late again..."<br />
<br />
兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为一家人做早饭。<br />
<br />
Lanying had already got up, enduring the back pain, and was making breakfast for the family.<br />
<br />
画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
<br />
The painter asked in amazement, "Who told you to get up? You are not well yet!"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺一躺。”画家匆匆吃过早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
<br />
Lanying said, "It's nothing, I'm still on sick leave anyway. I can still lie down after you leave." The painter hurriedly ate the breakfast, pushed the bicycle and rushed out the door.<br />
<br />
在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过一场大雪,北风一刮,马路上结着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, it was the season when dripping water turned into ice and the breath from the mouth immediately turned to frost. After a heavy snowfall, and when the north wind blew, the roads were thick with ice. The trees on the roadside were covered with silver flowers, and the buildings shone with a dazzling silver glow like a richly decorated jade palace.<br />
<br />
画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命 的时刻。<br />
<br />
The painter was very anxious. Early in the morning, for others was the beginning of the day's work, but for him was the continuation of the night's work. The turn of day and night was the moment when he was busy running around and exhausted.<br />
<br />
人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
<br />
How many ordeals there were in life! Social, natural and accidental...<br />
<br />
穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽听一阵隆隆的马达声。一辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
<br />
Through a street, there was a busy intersection ahead, cars running like the tide. He rode forward cautiously, and suddenly heard a rumble of motors. A reckless truck crossed the intersection, refusing to slow down, as if there was no one else there. <br />
With fast speed, slippery ground, and without preparation, the painter had been too late to dodge it. A crush with a sound of bang, the painter flew far away with the car and fell to the ground. Just then, another truck came from the opposite side, and the painter was passed under the wheels of the truck like a ball...<br />
<br />
街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
<br />
When the people in the street saw this scene of tragedy, they screamed and froze there.<br />
<br />
卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
<br />
The truck driver lost his composure, forgetting to brake in the panic, and putting his right foot on the accelerator and drove on. The truck's big wheels ran over the bicycle, the steel frame uttered a short groan, and the bicycle seat was crushed into a ball. The truck kept going towards the painter.<br />
<br />
这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸口一轧,就算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
<br />
It was a moment of pain, a moment of approaching death. It was over. As soon as the car rolled over his chest, his life was over. He had suffered repeatedly on the road of life, and had never been willing to give in to the fate, but this time he was afraid that he would not be able to escape. He left his beloved art, his wife and children, and died meaninglessly...<br />
<br />
按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同情——预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头——抗争！<br />
<br />
According to Goethe, people could only have three feelings about their own sufferings and that of others: fear, terror and sympathy--the anxiety of foreseeing the coming catastrophe, the unexpected discovery of current suffering and the sympathy for the suffering of the time or the past. However, the painter, who fell under the wheel, had none of these three feelings in the hazy consciousness that flashed through his mind. Even at such a moment, he showed his stubborn character, and had only one strong thought--to struggle!<br />
<br />
接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
<br />
What happened next was unbelievable to the startled roadside pedestrians. They saw the body that fell under the truck suddenly straightened up, stretching out a pair of arms, and clinging to the front bumper of the truck. The truck roared and shook, as if to destroy the barrier; the person under the wheels struggled, slid, and refused to give up. People in the streets of Changchun saw a scene of flesh and blood stubbornly fighting with the steel monster.<br />
<br />
“千万不能倒下！”画家想,“一倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
<br />
"I must not fall down!" The painter thought, "If I fall down, I'll never get up again..."<br />
<br />
卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
<br />
The truck dragged the painter along the icy road, for 5 meters, 10 meters... Until the driver regained his normal reflexes, he hit the brake, overcoming the car's inertia.<br />
<br />
画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
<br />
The painter was injured seriously and his clothes were torn into ragged strips. He was taken to the hospital.<br />
<br />
抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天才清醒过来。<br />
<br />
When Lanying, who was sick at home, heard the news, there was a buzz in her head, and she felt that the sky was spinning, and her legs went limp. It took her a long time to wake.<br />
<br />
兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾一切地赶到医院。存车的时候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙怎么也拔不出来。<br />
<br />
Lanying got on her bicycle and, not knowing where she got the strength, she rushed to the hospital regardless. When she stored the car, she lost strength again. She could hardly look at the hospital door, her hands were shaking, and she could not pull the key out.<br />
<br />
存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚才进医院的时候,自己还能走路。”<br />
<br />
The old lady at the parking lots recognized Lanying: "You are Yuan's lover, right? Don't be afraid. He just walked into the hospital by himself."<br />
<br />
兰英这才觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
<br />
Lanying felt relieved now.<br />
<br />
兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫妻双双躺在床上。<br />
<br />
Lanying took her husband home to recover from his injuries. After this mental stimulation, the sick wife’s body was heavier. Both the couple lay in bed.<br />
<br />
孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和女儿一人捧回一包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
<br />
The child was left unattended. Lanying took out a few cents and asked the children to buy food. After a while, the son and daughter each brought back a packet of cookies, standing by the bed with tears in their eyes.<br />
<br />
儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
<br />
The son said, "Dad, eat this."<br />
<br />
女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
<br />
The daughter said, "Daddy, eat mine."<br />
<br />
兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿......<br />
<br />
Lanying took the children into her arms, wiping away the tears on their little faces for both of them. The children understood the family situation and tasted the desolation and fears of life too soon. Lanying only regrated that she couldn’t have more money to give her husband and children a little spiritual and physical compensation...<br />
<br />
画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰问。他们留下一百块钱赔偿经济损失——画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
<br />
While the painter was recovering from his injuries, the driver who caused the accident and the head of his unit came to his house to apologize and express sympathy. They left a hundred yuan to compensate for the economic loss--the painter's clothes, bicycle and medical expenses.<br />
<br />
客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
<br />
After the guests left, the painter sat on the bed, deep in thought.<br />
<br />
兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看一眼也令人伤心。<br />
<br />
Lanying looked at the pile of money and sighed sadly. Because her husband got it by escaping from death, she was sad even by glancing at it.<br />
<br />
画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
<br />
The painter suddenly got out of bed and paced around the house.<br />
<br />
“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, are you crazy?" His wife said with the tone of blame, "Your leg is not yet healed. Back to bed!"<br />
<br />
画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民——我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去！”<br />
<br />
The painter walked up to his wife, his eyes shining with excitement, "Look, I can walk! You know, I haven't gone out to paint for a long time, because I don't have that condition. How I long for the grassland in northern Shaanxi, the rushing Yellow River, and the people there--I'll take this money and go to Yan'an to paint from life!"<br />
<br />
这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是一个贫病交困的人的最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对一些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那样遥远,拼着性命才能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
<br />
This was the voice in the heart of the artist who just got up from under the wheel! This was the highest hope of a poor and sick man! His request was so limited, which didn’t matter to some people, but was so far away for him, who needed to fight for it with his life. Lanying felt like her chest was hit hard, with her heart burning, and ran out of words. She looked at her husband's sincere face, and understood it. Now that it could bring joy and satisfaction to him who longed to paint, then let him go.<br />
<br />
数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
<br />
A few days later, Yuan Yunsheng, dragging his unhealed body, carrying a heavy pack and painting tools, set off on a snowy and windy road with his wife's affectionate gaze...<br />
<br />
袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng went through difficulties on the trip to northern Shaanxi. As months went by, his face was engraved with the marks of the plateau sun and sandstorms, and he returned home with his bag full of sketches.<br />
<br />
袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,一举一动都受到街道居委会的监视。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing, he went to see Jiang Feng. At that time, the air in Beijing was suffocating. Jiang Feng was over 60 years old, whose situation was even worse than before. He lived alone in a messy compound, and his every move was monitored by the street committee.<br />
<br />
袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没有什么值得高兴的——中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路线走一遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng sat in front of the past the secretary of the Party Committee, bringing recent news of the old areas of northern Shaanxi. The news was nothing to cheer about--the People's Republic of China had been founded for more than twenty years, and everywhere he went along the route of the Red Army’s strategic shift, the people were still living in poverty. The young painter declaimed against the country’s failings, but suddenly thought that the walls have ears, and worried about the situation of the old man, so he dropped the subject and quietly looked at Jiang Feng.<br />
<br />
江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上挂着一幅画框,嵌着一张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng listened peacefully, looking calm, and had not intention of stopping him. On the wall behind him hung a framed sketch, which was exactly the one that Yuan Yunsheng painted for Jiang Feng in the Shuangqiao farm ten years ago. The old man maintained his inherent dignity as usual, and was a true tough man. Yuan Yunsheng experienced once again the spiritual power that calmed people down.<br />
<br />
袁运生打开画夹,把一组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng opened the portfolio and placed a group of sketches of people in northern Shaanxi in front of Jiang Feng, including a shepherd with a wrinkled face, a young people with a cold gaze showing disdain for everything, and a rural girl with her head bowed in contemplation... These characters were real and simple, with distinctive characters, and the unprovoked, unintelligible or artificial smiles that often appeared in general paintings could not be found on their faces. He painted the unique temperament of the people in northern Shaanxi.<br />
<br />
“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
<br />
"No one will publish these pictures if you take them out now." Jiang Feng said, "Maybe if you lose sincerity, you will get praise. But I think you are on the right way. The artist can't cater to the mass!"<br />
<br />
袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手一丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out another long scroll of landscape, 68 centimeters wide and more than 400 centimeters long. This painting depicted the lofty Jiaji Pagoda, the flowing water of the Yellow River that broke the ice, and the vast plateau scenery. It took him two whole days to stand in the cold wind and meticulously paint it with his frozen hands, and the strokes were rigorous and majestic.<br />
<br />
画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于1974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
<br />
In one corner of the picture were noted a few lines of small characters: "Written two days after painting at the end of December 1974, when the Yellow River water just broke the ice and flowed on."<br />
<br />
江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他说:“呵,黄河!一泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声音……"<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng extremely liked it after looking at it. The familiar scenery in northern Shaanxi in the picture evoked the strong feelings of the veteran of Yan’an. He said, "Oh, Yellow River! Flowing down vigorously, rushing and surging, and stirring up lofty high raging waves. I seem to hear its voice again..."<br />
<br />
春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了!<br />
<br />
The day finally came like the spring water breaking through the ice and fire erupting from the heart of the earth!<br />
<br />
担担画<br />
<br />
Shoulder Pole Painting<br />
<br />
“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
<br />
When the "Gang of Four" disappeared from political life, the art world burst into life.<br />
<br />
美术界一些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头角,施展才华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是一个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。这个磨砺精深的艺术家，就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
<br />
Some upright men in the art world sympathized with Yuan Yunsheng, whose talent had been buried for many years, and hoped that he could show his talent again. Zhang Ding, the president of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, wrote specially to recommend him to paint. Fei Zheng, who was now the vice chairman of the Hebei Art Association, also made an effort to help him. However, all these efforts were mildly rebuffed and turned back by various excuses. It was clear that Yuan Yunsheng's name was still an ominous thing, subject to indifference and discrimination. This artist with superb painting skills did not even have the opportunity to draw a comic book.<br />
<br />
乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
<br />
Even when it's warmer there is still a chill. It is most difficult to keep well.<br />
<br />
在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,一头不驯服的长发如垂下万根烦恼丝 。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
<br />
In his humble room in Changchun, Yuan Yunsheng was drawing a portrait of himself with a brush in his hand in front of a mirror. A head full of sadness appeared on the sketch, with deep creases, a weed-like beard, and long untamed hair such as hanging down ten thousand trouble silk. His hair was very long and he didn’t have time to care about it, so rarely trimmed it. This appearance, from the personality of the art, matched the painter's difficult state of mind and stubborn temperament... He was nearly forty years old. Since the criticism of ''Memory of the Water Town'', he had not painted a picture according to his own will for more than ten years. How could it not make him have thousands of trouble silk!<br />
<br />
他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
<br />
He threw down his paintbrush irritably and picked up a novel to kill time.<br />
<br />
兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
<br />
Every time Lanying returned home, she always asked with concern, "Yunsheng, have you got any news?"<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head, and the wife sighed.<br />
<br />
兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
<br />
Lanying was already a middle-aged woman. She gave birth to a third child and shouldered the burden of a family of five. On the family agenda, Lanying's main concern was still her husband's art. Art brought joy to her husband, and his joy was her joy. She also waited with the same anxiety.<br />
<br />
1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
<br />
In May 1978, the enthusiastic efforts of a few friends finally paid off, and Yuan Yunsheng got a chance to go out sketching in the beautiful Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province.<br />
<br />
他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了妻子,全家人像过节一样快乐。<br />
<br />
When he received the telegram from Yunnan People's Publishing House, he was ecstatically happy. He immediately told his wife this excellent thing and the whole family was happy just like at a festival.<br />
<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
<br />
His son asked curiously, "Dad, what does Xishuangbanna look like?"<br />
<br />
“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
<br />
"Beautiful!" He said with a smile, "I'll show you the picture I paint when I came back."<br />
<br />
女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
<br />
His daughter tugged at his coat: "Dad, what good things are there in Xishuangbanna?"<br />
<br />
“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
<br />
"There’s a lot of fruit." He stroked his daughter's head, "I'll buy some for you to eat."<br />
<br />
他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
<br />
He was busy packing and organizing his painting tools, making a big mess, and he could not wait to start on his way.<br />
<br />
兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying looked at the things spread all over the floor and asked in amazement: "Why do you bring so many things?"<br />
<br />
丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注一掷了!”<br />
<br />
Her husband said, "It's a rare opportunity, so I need to go for broke!"<br />
<br />
是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使一颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴一样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
<br />
Yes, this painter had been treated coldly for many years. If you think about his action of picking himself up from under the wheel and going to northern Shaanxi that year, you can understand his feelings at this moment. He was eager to go deeply into life and considered it more important than life. Now, a publishing unit sent a formal invitation to him, which made the heart of a man who was loyal to art ablaze like dry firewood.<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,一针针,一线线,直缝到天色薄明。<br />
<br />
In the evening, Lanying found some old cloth and sewed a backpack for her husband under the lamp, needle by needle, thread by thread, until the break of dawn.<br />
<br />
“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
<br />
"How long will you go this time?" Lanying asked.<br />
<br />
“三个月吧。”画家说,“你一个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
<br />
"About three months." The painter said, "Can you take after three children alone?"<br />
<br />
妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
<br />
The wife smiled: "I'm satisfied that you can think of my difficulties..."<br />
<br />
这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府——景洪。他被西双版纳惊人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁着珠光宝气。<br />
<br />
In May of that year, Yuan arrived at Jinghong, the capital of Xishuangbanna, on the banks of the Lancang River. He was deeply shocked by the amazing beauty of Xishuangbanna. When he looked up, everywhere was rich green, and everywhere was picturesque. <br />
The forest was as green as emerald, the valley was like being paved with green velvet, the river was like flowing congealed fat, and the moist air also felt like crystal. No wonder the Dai people compared Xishuangbanna to a shining jewel. The mountains and waters here were glittering with pearls.<br />
<br />
有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
<br />
Who could feel the beauty of life better than a painter? There were so many beautiful sceneries, as if he came to the paradise in hope. The creator of nature seemed to have a special love for this land and poured out the romantic colors of the world everywhere, so that he feasted his eyes on it and he was ecstatic!<br />
<br />
他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地 。招待所的服务人员很有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进一间中等客房。<br />
<br />
He checked in the Jinghong hostel and took a break, preparing to go deeper into the Xishuangbanna. The hostel staff received the painter politely, leading him into a moderate room.<br />
<br />
画家开口就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "How much does this room cost for one day?"<br />
<br />
服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
<br />
The staff said, "Two yuan and a half."<br />
<br />
“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
<br />
"Is there any room cheaper?"<br />
<br />
“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"There is one for seventy dimes a day."<br />
<br />
“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"Good! I’ll check in this room."<br />
<br />
他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下一步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
<br />
He was used to being careful with his money. When he left Changchun, he borrowed a limited amount of money from his unit. He spent a large part of it in the road, and the next economic source was still unknown... The painter plunged into the thick of life and everyone lived well, but he was willing to live in the bottom.<br />
<br />
幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
<br />
Fortunately, Fei Zheng supported him again, sending him 300 yuan from Hebei. This was three-quarters of Fei Zheng's demobilization fee. This timely and generous support gave Yuan Yunsheng the courage to move forward.<br />
<br />
云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
<br />
The Yunnan People's Publishing House assigned a young editor to accompany Yuan Yunsheng to paint. When the Dai boy came to meet him at the hostel, the painter took out everything he had brought from Changchun.<br />
<br />
好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有140多斤重。小伙子看了直抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
<br />
My goodness! The big wooden box contained 18 pieces of plywood, several big bundles of manuscript paper, and a backpack as big as a sack, which was stuffed with pigments, painting tools and daily necessities... They weighed more than 140 pounds altogether. The young man scratched the back of his head after looking at them. He couldn’t imagine how the painter carried them off the train and took them into the dense forests of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out a shoulder pole, smiling at the young man.<br />
<br />
瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
<br />
Look how proud he was, as if he wanted to take the natural scenery of Xishuangbanna into his bag. A few days later, he picked this bent shoulder pole, into the lush subtropical jungle...<br />
<br />
奏鸣曲<br />
<br />
Sonata<br />
<br />
瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
<br />
Look, that was the big banyan tree! Its crown was like clouds that could shelter against the sun, as a solemn and benevolent old grandmother.<br />
<br />
呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
<br />
Ah, that was the areca nut tree, straight and tall, and the local young men and women used it to symbolize everlasting love.<br />
<br />
那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝一样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
<br />
That was the sandalwood tree, whose branches and leaves were as thin as hair. It looked so dashing, like a poet reciting poetry with his hair hanging down.<br />
<br />
就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
<br />
Even the bamboo forest here was different. It was luxuriant and verdant, growing in clusters, like a peacock showing its tail.<br />
<br />
西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在一棵树前,一画就是一整天。<br />
<br />
The plants in Xishuangbanna were the most beautiful! The abundant sunshine and humid climate gave the plant population a particularly rich, dense, and graceful image. The world here was unparalleled, and was looked full of beautiful things. The painter had to suppress his excitement, to gather his feelings and to retain his feelings more precisely in a slower way. He stood in front of a tree and painte all day.<br />
<br />
“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
<br />
"Hey, what kind of tree is that?" The painter asked his fellow editor.<br />
<br />
“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
<br />
"It's called the pattra-leaf tree." The young man enthusiastically introduced, "The Dai people use its leaves instead of paper, and many ancient folklores are recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra."<br />
<br />
袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。每一笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理睬......<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng spread out the paper and painted the unique canopies of the pattra-leaf tree, which were in order, as if the tree wore an armor made of metal chains. Each brush stroke played its role, showing the vitality of green life in layers on the paper. The tropical sun was shooting flames above the painter's head, and it was very hot that beads of sweat oozed from his head. Swarms of insects flew out of the grass and could not be driven away. His legs were red and felt itchy from being bitten. He shook his head helplessly and simply ignored them...<br />
<br />
中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来才深有感受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
<br />
At noon, the young man brought two glutinous rice cakes and thrust them into the painter's hand: "I deeply feel that painting is really a hard job when I come out with you."<br />
<br />
画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在一起的......”<br />
<br />
The painter said with a smile, "Beauty and bitter are always linked together..."<br />
<br />
他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
<br />
They had been staying in a Dai family's bamboo hut. The painter got to know the customs of this warm and kind ethnic group from the perspective of daily life.<br />
<br />
每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
<br />
Every day after dinner, the painter came out of the bamboo hut and went to the forest glade. This was the most charming moment in Xishuangbanna. The sunset glow tinted the village, the treetops, and the water of Lancang River red. A group of Dai girls came slowly, carrying small spinning wheels on their shoulders, small lanterns in their hands, and their tight and floor-length dresses swaying with the wind. They were so slender, so light on their feet, and so graceful, as if a group of beautiful fairies had descended from the sky.<br />
<br />
“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露一截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后一盘,自然地溜向一边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
<br />
"So beautiful!" The painter expressed his feeling to the companion, "Look, those girls' girdles, golden and silver, are like exquisite crafts. But I will never paint their girdles, which will separate the body and destroy the integrity of it. I prefer their natural dressing. See, those girls' dressing is very natural. Their jackets are short, their skirts are long, and a part of the waist is exposed between the jacket and the skirt, which is a high level of aesthetic point of view, making them look slim and tall, pavilion... And look at their hairstyle, tying the hair into a bun, which is naturally slipped to one side. It has got a real Tang style! This ethnic group is amazing. They know best the beauty of details..."<br />
<br />
少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来一阵阵悠扬的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
<br />
The girls dispersed to all corners of the forest glade. Small groups of boys came out of nowhere, and gathered around the girls, talking and laughing. Through the twilight, an orange lantern was lit, and there came the sound of spinning wheels. Dai women had known since childhood not to rely on their parents but to rely on hard-working hands to prepare their own dowry. They were weaving happy love.<br />
<br />
诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就在苦苦思索一个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
<br />
The poetic atmosphere of the southern border was knocking on the window of the artist's inspiration. Whenever such a moment came, Yuan Yunsheng was thinking hard about a question: What was the master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
<br />
Was beauty in your colorful appearance and jewelry with pearls and jades? Painted your face, but could not paint your unique charm; collapsed at your feet, only acting as a servant of the naturalism.<br />
<br />
面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我感受却不尽相同。一百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,一百种不同的表现方法。<br />
<br />
Faced with the same object, the images on different painters’ retinas were the same; however, their own feelings were not the same. A hundred painters could have a hundred different answers, and a hundred different methods of expression.<br />
<br />
艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。 <br />
<br />
Art was valued for having a "self". He was looking for “his” own Xishuangbanna.<br />
<br />
从夏末到中秋,他在一串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勐定的一个偏僻的小村寨。<br />
<br />
From late summer to mid-autumn, he left his footprints in a string of pearl-like place names, and then came to a small remote village in Mengding.<br />
<br />
这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本寨的荣耀。<br />
<br />
The painter's visit caused a sensation in the small cottage, where apparently few guests had visited. During the evening meeting, the whole village cast warm and curious glances at him with laughter and noise, as if his arrival was an honor for the village.<br />
<br />
同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无力同病魔斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是“鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者一商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
<br />
The fellow editor told him that the village was called "Ghost Village". Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Dai people could not fight against illnesses. If someone was ill, it was said that he was possessed by a "ghost". When someone in the same village was pointed out to be the incarnation of the "ghost", several "respected" elders would immediately drive him out after discussion. Over time, those who were driven out formed a village, gathering a group of people who were discriminated against.<br />
<br />
“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的一瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
<br />
The sufferings of the people in the "ghost village" drew the deep sympathy of the painter. The painter cast a friendly glance at them and found that the people here had beautiful looks. If the Dai ethnic group was a beautiful ethnic group, this village was the essence of beauty. The girls like flowers, the charming women, the sturdy young men, all of whom were happy to accept the painter's request to make a sketch of themselves. Later, they simply came to the painter's home and stood in front of him with good grace, hoping to attract his attention. The painter was so busy that he waved his hand without a break. They loved beauty by nature and were proud of it.<br />
<br />
小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在一起进餐,然后由男方挑着担子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像一泓溪水那样清澈。<br />
<br />
Life in the small village was calm and quiet. The painter lived for many days and he didn't hear of any family quarrel. Men and women were financially independent of each other, and earned income, daily necessities, and working tools were clearly divided. When there were rifts in a family, the woman usually proposed to move away. The whole family sat quietly together for a meal before her departure, and then the man carried the pole to see her off. They treated each other with respect. The old and young were in harmony with each other. The young generation respected the elders and served them with courtesy; the elders took care of the younger generation, but never rigidly restrain them... What a simple relationship between them! It was not polluted by the secular society, as clear as a stream.<br />
<br />
一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
<br />
After a day’s work, the young men and women danced the Elach on the green grass. Joyful drumbeats and the crisp sound of gongs created a distinctive rhythm. The girls formed a queue, stepping gracefully and stretching their soft arms. They had reserved and self-respecting looks with a solemn yearning in the haze. What were they yearning for?<br />
<br />
这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在古老的贝叶经里的传说——从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑娘们生出一计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头一沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
<br />
This was a common dance in the Water-Sprinkling Festival. The Dai editor who accompanied the painter told the painter a legend recorded in the ancient the Pattra-leaf Sutra--once upon a time there was an ugly demon Lord who wanted to take the beautiful girls from each village for himself. He plundered six girls and wanted to take the seventh one, which was hated by the Dai people. The girls came up with a plan to get him drunk and asked him, "What are you most afraid of?" The devil said that he was afraid of nothing. He could only be strangled with his hair, but he could be reborn when his head touched the ground... The girls strangled his head while he was drunk. In order to keep his head from touching the ground, the girls took turns to hold his head in their hands. The annual Water-Sprinkling Festival was to celebrate the people's victory over devilry and to wash away the dirty stains left behind by the demon Lord, so that the spring of freedom and happiness was always in the hearts of the Dai people...<br />
<br />
晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
<br />
At night, the painter returned to the bamboo hut. The moonlight was bright and the shadow of trees was dancing, like flowing mercury pouring in front of the door. On this silent night, he could not sleep for a long time.<br />
<br />
广为流传的神话传说,往往是一个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑海里汇集,逐渐熔化为一团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西双版纳。这是一个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条——单纯与丰富高度和谐地统一!<br />
<br />
Widespread myths and legends were often the windows to the mind of an ethnic group. The story about the origin of the Water-Sprinkling Festival deepened the painter's understanding of this ethnic group who loved beauty. Since he set foot on the land of Xishuangbanna, the mountains, rivers, forests, people and landscapes he saw were like countless colorful light spots, whirling and flickering, gathering in his mind, and gradually melting into a bright flame, which rose from the canopy of thinking. Oh! The master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna, wasn’t the spiritual power of the Dai people to worship a better future and great love? Their hearts were so clean that they always kept their ethnic group’s nature of purity. So, the colorful and vibrant plants, and the natural and simple Dai women with their unique beauty constituted the painter’s general image of Xishuangbanna: "my" own Xishuangbanna. This was a world of lines, soft and elastic lines, unrestrained and smooth lines, upright and beautiful lines, and also tangled and slow lines like gossamers--simplicity and richness were highly harmonious!<br />
<br />
他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的一组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
<br />
He waved lines and made hundreds of line-drawing paintings. If the heavy color painting was compared to the symphony, the line drawing was the solo of lines. Yuan Yunsheng's artistic style, which was formed through years of honing, showed a fantastic charm in the solo of lines. It was a set of passionate sonatas that he dedicated to the Dai people with sincere feelings.<br />
<br />
昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
<br />
Kunming held an exhibition for Yuan Yunsheng. His paintings were delivered to the Yunnan People's Publishing House for selection and editing. The foreword written for him by the editor Liu Shaohui began with a few lines from the Dai folk narrative poem ''The Gourd Letter''.<br />
<br />
公主啊!<br />
<br />
O Princess!<br />
<br />
你是一颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
<br />
You are a brilliant jewel,<br />
<br />
但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
<br />
I wish I were a silversmith,<br />
<br />
把宝石镶在我的心上......<br />
<br />
Setting the jewel in my heart...<br />
<br />
他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
<br />
He praised Yuan Yunsheng for setting the "jewel" of Xishuangbanna in his heart.<br />
<br />
二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
<br />
For more than twenty years, it was the first time Yuan Yunsheng heard an affirmation of his art.<br />
<br />
袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
<br />
During his stay in Yunnan, Yuan Yunsheng constantly received letters from his wife, who told him they were safe.<br />
<br />
兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
<br />
What Lanying said in the letter made the painter felt like drinking a glass of sweet spring water, cool and delicious, soothing and cheerful when he read each letter. At the end of his wife's letters, there were always these lines: "Don't worry about the family. Paint your paintings, and if you can't finish them, you don't have to hurry back..."<br />
<br />
画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
<br />
The painter smiled with relief. During his busy days in Xishuangbanna, his main worry was "the fire in the backyard", but his wife's letter lifted his worries.<br />
<br />
其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
<br />
In fact, it was an eventful year. A wind of earthquakes blew in Changchun, and the whole city was in a panic. People were busy building quake-proof shelters, moving things, and transferring to shelters.<br />
<br />
画家在长春的一个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁愕然了。<br />
<br />
A friend of the painter in Changchun, thinking of the painter's wife and children, rushed to their home to visit. He was stunned.<br />
<br />
这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出一个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗震棚挪动着……<br />
<br />
The humble room was as it had been, and the furniture and sundries were not organized. The children were playing with their heads down. Lanying, bending over and sweating, dragged out a heavy wooden box full of the painter's paintings from the house, and moved it to the nearby quake-proof shelter...<br />
<br />
显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
<br />
Obviously, this was the most precious thing in the heart of the painter's wife. She knew the painter's hardship best, understanding the value of art from the hardships of it.<br />
<br />
朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道。<br />
<br />
The friend's heart trembled with excitement. Lanying still did not tell her husband about this. If his friend had not later recounted the scene he saw, he would never have known.<br />
<br />
壁画之梦 <br />
<br />
The Dream of Murals<br />
<br />
不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。 <br />
<br />
At some point, through the glass window covered with ice flowers, a hazy blue light came in, like a fairy stretching out her white arms and lifting the veil as soft as a dream.<br />
<br />
屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀一样扑朔不定。 <br />
<br />
The room seemed bright and dim, with faint yellow glow of the electric light and murky air around, and the glow fluttered in a haze of smoke like wings.<br />
<br />
他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。 <br />
<br />
He wagged his head vigorously, and rubbed his eyes. The paintings on the table turned into a white mist, rising and spreading. Everything was blurred.<br />
<br />
他搞不清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里…… <br />
<br />
He didn’t know whether he was awake at the moment, or vaguely in a dream...<br />
<br />
昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。一抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从梦境回到了现实的世界。 <br />
<br />
Last night he slept too late and smoked too much. Or rather, he didn't sleep, just lying next to the messy paintings and ashtray full of cigarette butts on the table for a while. When he looked up, it was dawn. The first ray of morning sunlight caressed the buildings in the suburbs of Beijing. He pushed the window open, and let the cold morning breeze chase away the fatigue of the night. He went back from the dream to the real world.<br />
<br />
这是1979年1月,在北京白家庄。 <br />
<br />
It was January 1979, in Baijiazhuang, Beijing.<br />
<br />
袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和工艺美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得到了推荐,也在被邀请之列。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing on his way home from a six-month-long trip to Yunnan. A great joy forced him to stay in Beijing. At that time, the new terminal building of Capital Airport was like a magnificent crystal palace going up in the eastern suburbs of Beijing, equipped with the world's most advanced technology. The spacious and comfortable departure lounges and restaurants, automatic doors, baggage carousels, weight scales with electronic digital display, special quartz clocks made by Seikosha, high-efficiency indoor air conditioning devices, precise navigation and communication systems... They constituted the magnificent air gateway of the capital, whose degree of modernization was unparalleled in China. In today's world, modern architectural design was integrated with exquisite art decoration, and the ancient mural art was revived, accommodating with the development of construction industry based on new industrial technology. People in charge of the capital airport were managers of the new enterprise indeed. They invited more than fifty excellent artists as well as arts and crafts workers, led by Zhang Ding, the dean of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, to create a large modern murals for the terminal building. Yuan Yunsheng, who had been silent for more than two decades, was lucky enough to be recommended and was among the invitees.<br />
<br />
随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使一些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单一些,拿他的话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。” <br />
<br />
With the opening of a crack in the window of ideological liberation in early 1979, the close relationship between literature and art and politics, which was very hot, was gradually adjusted over the years, making some artists calm down. They reconsidered the old and difficult proposition of the relationship between literature and art and politics, and denied the claim that literature and art was subordinate to politics. Their intentions were kind and peaceful, unwilling to use the arrow of art to touch sensitive political issues to avoid being blamed for something other than art; at the same time, they hoped to escape from the influence of the wind change and maintain the relative stability of the range of art, without rising or falling like a floating feather. But Yuan Yunsheng thought more simply, in his words, "Art is art, which needs to be sincere."<br />
<br />
袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节——生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻辑和客观条件应运而生的。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng's large mural design ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', was born based on this simple logic and objective conditions.<br />
<br />
候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的一块地方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴的哲理。他决定抦弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。” <br />
<br />
A large wall of the passenger’s dining room in the terminal, together with a corner, was given to him. What a big space! He stood before the white wall, astonished and delighted, wanting to pour out all the words in the heart to this wall. Artistic creation always spared no effort without reservation to present the most beautiful part of the artist's feelings of the mind. For more than twenty years, the language of art and life he had accumulated resounded in his heart like a surging river, and the unforgettable impression he had from his trip to Xishuangbanna was the climax of the good things and the leaping wave of his whole life experience. At that time, the only subject he thought of was the Water-Splashing Festival. The myths and legends he heard, recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra condensed the emotions like flames, the free imagination and the clear and pure philosophy of the tropical ethnic group. He decided to abandon the conception of genre and narrative paintings and used the lines he had practiced over the years to express the people's desire for a future of freedom and happiness. He said, “It is a pleasant surprise for me to paint a mural praising the spirit and sentiment of the Dai people on a huge wall with 27 meters wide and 3.4 meters high."<br />
<br />
主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知命运如何? <br />
<br />
Artists who advocated art for the sake of politics could also attribute this subject to politics. However, this idea, after all, left the specific political context and contained the deeper and more distant time and space as well as timeless themes. If it was in the past, such an artistic conception would have been intervened by politics and would have been accused of rebelling against orthodoxy. What was his fate this time?<br />
<br />
袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng's brother, Yuan Yunfu, gave him a room in his apartment in Baijiazhuang, which was both a bedroom and a studio. However, the small bed was rarely used. He spread out his sketch and entered a dream, a dream of flowing lines and beautiful colors...<br />
<br />
在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统一。那座大门却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门搏斗,一支接一支地吸烟,一张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。 <br />
<br />
In the dream of art, there were also untold troubles. Apart from anything else, the door in the wall of the dining room was annoying. Originally, the artistic language of mural should be harmonized with the artistic language of architecture. The door, however, divided the wall and become an obstacle to the artistic conception. He spent the whole night fighting with the annoying door, smoking one cigarette after another, and drawing one sketch after another. His brother lived in the room opposite to his room, who could see the light coming from the crack of the door all night long, and the smell of smoke wafted up. And his energy, effort and life were consumed in the light blue smoke. The next day when the door was opened, his face was pale.<br />
<br />
“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。 <br />
<br />
"How can your body stand it!" Yuan Yunfu said.<br />
<br />
“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……” <br />
<br />
"It's doesn't matter." He smiled faintly, "I get used to it..."<br />
<br />
在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出一股韧性。为了重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟此时的心情。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of the elder brother, his younger brother was a completely different people than before. On the night more than twenty years ago, when Yuan Yunsheng told his brother that he was classified as a "rightist” in the same room, his round face was full of innocence, as if he was telling a light anecdote. Now, that face had experienced the hardships and troubles of life, stumbling on the rugged road, and had become angular with a stern look, revealing a resilience. In order to regain this opportunity to create in Beijing, what a price he had to pay! Yuan Yunfu understood his brother's feelings at this time.<br />
<br />
整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法——“拱桥的两头很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》） <br />
<br />
All day long, Yuan Yunsheng locked himself in his room and had a dream of mural. He was inspired by the familar principle of the arch bridge in the suburbs of Suzhou, and found a way to cross the gate -- “The two ends of the arch bridge are very heavy, holding the towering and thin top. It is stable in mechanics, and how beautiful the curve like the rainbow is! The idea of constructing a rainbow of people with the activities of the Dai people is fascinating..." (quoted in ''Art Research'', Issue 1, 1980, Yuan Yunsheng: ''The Dream of Murals'')<br />
<br />
实现这个迷人的想法,真是一项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每一个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了…… <br />
<br />
It was a huge project to realize this fascinating idea. The splendid and colorful images of the Water-Splashing Festival came to his eyes: carrying water, sharing water, splashing water, dancing, boat racing, bathing at night, the quiet family life in the bamboo house of the Dai people and the young men and women who didn’t want to leave with each other in the jungle after dusk... Hundreds of characters appeared under his brush, and each of them was vivid and true. At the same time, it was decorative, exaggerated, personalized, and full of lyricism. The sketch was longer and longer, and the crowds like the rainbow were stretching out. The painter, who was immersed in the frenzy of his creation, seemed to be accompanied by music in his ears. He grasped the brush as if grasping the baton of the symphony orchestra, to express the shifts of melody and rhythm through the flowing lines, and the solemn, fervent and tenaciously upward theme song gradually rose up...<br />
<br />
又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还有灯光。 <br />
<br />
It was another early morning that Yuan Yunfu, who lived in the opposite room, woke up from his sleep and saw the light under the door of his brother’s room.<br />
<br />
这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunfu was also very tired these days. He also participated in the creation of murals at the Capital Airport, painting the first draft of ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan''. If he was exploring the path of art with his experience and artistic accomplishment, his brother was sprinting with his life. Half a month passed, in fifteen days and nights, the light in the opposite room did not go out. What an amazing perseverance! Even the golden stone should cry for his sincerity of the art... <br />
<br />
对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀! <br />
<br />
A light blue smoke was coming from the opposite room with a heavy coughing sound, each hoarser than the last. However, he was still painting, and still smoking incessantly. The coughing sound could be heard without end, and it was heart-wrenching to hear it in the silence before dawn. He was destroying the foundation of his health to build a spiritual building, and the lines on the sketch were clearly the blood streak of life!<br />
<br />
天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休息几天,回长春去过年吧。” <br />
<br />
After dawn, Yuan Yunfu said to his brother, "You probably forget that the day after tomorrow is Lunar New Year's Eve. I advise you to take a few days off and go back to Changchun for the New Year."<br />
<br />
袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用。第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制。” <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng shook his head, “I don’t have enough time. Although the second draft was drawn, but I haven’t had time to copy it."<br />
<br />
“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。” <br />
<br />
"You don’t care about your own body, but you have to think about Lanying.” His brother said. "You have been away from Changchun for more than six months. It is unreasonable for you not to go back for the Spring Festival."<br />
<br />
提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能在家待几天?” <br />
<br />
When it came to Lanying, Yuan Yunsheng was no longer obstinate. On New Year's Eve, he rushed back to Changchun. Lanying asked him, "How many days can you stay at home this time?"<br />
<br />
画家说:“春节一过,还得讨论画稿。这一稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "After the New Year, I still have to discuss the drafts. I have not made a copy of this one yet, so I brought it back home."<br />
<br />
兰英叹了一口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……” <br />
<br />
Lanying sighed, "So, even in the Spring Festival, you still can’t have a good rest..."<br />
<br />
画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "It's not difficult to copy, but it takes time."<br />
<br />
兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?” <br />
<br />
Lanying thought about it, "Well, can I help you?"<br />
<br />
画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。 <br />
<br />
The painter looked at his wife with affection and nodded.<br />
<br />
这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下一个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹…… <br />
<br />
This was the first time that Lanying was directly involved in her husband's artistic creation. At night, they turned on the lamp, set up a glass plate, laid out a translucent copy paper, and copied the painting of the Water-Splashing Festival together. This work, which celebrated the Dai people, also left traces of a Han woman's feelings...<br />
<br />
从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
<br />
From the first to the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, they spent their time in this way. Lanying and the painter stayed up late together.<br />
<br />
忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴云笼罩着...... <br />
<br />
The busy painter did not even notice that Lanying's thin face was more withered, covered by the heavy cloud of illness...<br />
<br />
牛皮纸 <br />
<br />
Kraft Paper<br />
<br />
春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。 <br />
<br />
Just after the Spring Festival, Yuan Yunsheng returned to Beijing with the colored design.<br />
<br />
绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
<br />
Preparations for the mural painting were under way intensely. In order to get the best artistic effect, Capital Airport imported a batch of acrylic paints from Hong Kong. This was a new painting material popular in Europe, America and Japan in recent years. It had bright and soft color, strong covering power, and was suitable for multi-layered sfumato and foil, and maintained the stability of the color of the painting for a long time under various conditions of wetting, drying, hot and cold.<br />
<br />
参加《泼水节——生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
<br />
Lian Weiyun and Fei Zheng, two collaborators who participated in the painting of ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', also arrived in succession. They were both accomplished middle-aged artists. After looking Yuan Yunsheng's design, they were impressed by the charm of the combination of traditional techniques of Chinese painting and western modern art, and were interested in it and eager to have a try.<br />
<br />
脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。 <br />
<br />
The scaffolding was set up and the walls were covered with solid backing cloth. Everything was ready and it was early summer. One day in June, Lanying came to Beijing from Changchun.<br />
<br />
兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的一次妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。 <br />
<br />
This time, Lanying made a special trip to Beijing to see a doctor. In fact, her condition had already been discovered. In a gynecological examination before the Spring Festival, the doctor felt an obvious foreign body in the uterus. Because her husband was away and she needed to take care of the children, her illness had not been treated. Recently, due to the rapid aggravation of her condition, she had to go to a large hospital in Beijing for a diagnosis.<br />
<br />
在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻待在一起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮工。 <br />
<br />
While waiting to see a doctor, Lanying and her husband stayed in a newly built hotel for international flight crews at the Capital Airport. The room was small but comfortable with spring beds, a bathroom, and shutters in the ceiling also indicated that there was air-conditioning equipment. Since her marriage, Lanying had never lived in such a high-class accommodation with her husband. However, the time the couple spent together was still limited. Every day, when the first purple rays of the morning sun came in through the curtains, Yuan Yunsheng turned over and got up, hurriedly wipded the face. The sound of rushing away footsteps could be heard in the corridor. After a busy day, it was already late at night when he returned, covered in sweat and paint, like a house repairman who had just climbed down from the scaffolding.<br />
<br />
好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是出乎意料的,几个月以前的一小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到癌——恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢? <br />
<br />
Finally, it was the day of diagnosis. When Lanying got the diagnosis, moving tired steps out of the hospital, she felt her body and mind sinking downward, as if sinking into a bottomless abyss. The rate of the development of the disease was unexpected, a small foreign body a few months ago had grown into a big lump. Lanying herself was a surgeon, with professional knowledge and clinical experience, who understood the seriousness in the rate of deterioration of the disease. She thought about cancer--malignant cells tended to cause malformed expansion, while benign tumors were relatively steady; if it was not cancer, it was just a fluke. She walked slowly, and her mind was empty, the grey mist floating and sparks of consciousness flickering on and off. She felt painfully, intuitively, that the defenses of her health had been destroyed by everyday’s pressure because of excessive worry and fatigue from chores over the years. Did her lover, her children and everything in the future still belong to her?<br />
<br />
她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了候机大楼,站在脚手架旁…… <br />
<br />
She went back to the airport. The painter could not be found at the accommodation during the day. She stepped across the long asphalt road, entered the terminal building, and stood by the scaffolding...<br />
<br />
大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着一场真正的建设——脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。 <br />
<br />
The lobby was spacious and solemn. The new glass windows reflected the blue sky, and the abundant light rushed in and then spread out, softly scattering on the four walls. Here, in the heat of June, there was a real construction going on--the huge structure of scaffolding climbing up to the roof; on the ground, brushes, palettes and paint buckets were piled up haphazardly, showing how busy the art site was.<br />
<br />
兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在…… <br />
<br />
Lanying looked up and found her husband's figure on the scaffolding. He bent over, holding a brush in his hand, sketching on the wall. His long black hair hang down from his forehead, swinging ceaselessly in the air with his body, as if a cellist holding the bowstring was absorbed in the enchanting music he was playing, and the world around him no longer existed...<br />
<br />
兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,一个艺术赤子的オ华、智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。 <br />
<br />
Lanying stood there dumbfounded. Here and now, perhaps only she could deeply understand her husband's state of mind. From the tiny world of that humble room in Changchun to this grand and spacious lobby, the talents, wisdom and suppressed ambition of a man who was loyal to art broke away from all fetters and poured out. He even wanted to put his hot life into the tip of the brush, pouring, splashing and melting into the picture in front of him.<br />
<br />
墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华! <br />
<br />
Various lines on the wall presented the dense jungle in Xishuangbanna, full of vitality. With the movement of the brush, like the process happened in color developer in the darkroom, the images of several Dai women gradually became clear. Their stretched waists, flexible arms, and action of strong inclination added the sense of motion of the scene of water splashing. Lanying seemed to hear the cheerful rhythm of the small gong and the exciting drumbeat of the elephant-foot drum. The hazy expressions in the women's faces had infinite yearnings. Thus, the dead wall became alive. It was the artist's passion for life was shining, the reproduction of a beautiful vision. The limited life of the artist was sublimated in the meaningful art!<br />
<br />
站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。 <br />
<br />
Standing behind the art stage to see the art was the easiest to touch off the aftertaste of life. <br />
<br />
兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得到了精神的补偿。 <br />
<br />
Lanying felt relaxed, and the heavy feeling like being clogged with lead when she left the hospital was alleviated. Art had already intruded into her destiny, turning her from an outsider into an insider. She got spiritual compensation from the breath of artistic creation.<br />
<br />
这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查有结果了吗?” <br />
<br />
At this time, the painter climbed down from the scaffolding, spotted his wife at a glance, and walked quickly towards her, "Did you get the result of the examination at the hospital?"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说......” <br />
<br />
Lanying said. "Go on with your work. I’ll talk to you when we came back..."<br />
<br />
妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。” <br />
<br />
The peaceful face of his wife reassured the painter. He said, "You should stay in your room and have a good rest."<br />
<br />
“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
<br />
"I'm not tired. Lanying smiled faintly and said with studied casualness, "What can I do for you?"<br />
<br />
Chapter Two<br />
<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对一对画稿上的人物动作。” <br />
<br />
The painter seriously considered for a moment: “Oh, I need you here. Please imitate and check the action of the characters on the sketch for our reference.” <br />
<br />
“好吧。”妻子应允了。 <br />
<br />
"All right." The wife agreed.<br />
<br />
兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容…… <br />
<br />
Lanying made various body movements on the painter’s instructions. Fortunately, she was an active member of the literary and artistic activities twenty years ago with a little dance skills, natural movements, and an ideal slender body. It consumed a lot of time, and the painter looked left and right, directing Lanying's posture while examining the characters on the sketch. For Lanying, who was ill, it was an excessive burden. But she maintained a dignified posture with great endurance, and a serene smile appeared on her pale and tired face...<br />
<br />
几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为一个外科医生,如果给自己开一张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的一桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カ一搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏在心底很久很久了。 <br />
<br />
A few days later, Lanying boarded the northbound train and left Beijing. Her husband went to the station to see her off. Until the moment before her departure, the wife did not tell her husband about her illness. Lanying repeatedly considered the gains and losses. As a surgeon, she would not have hesitated to write “hospitalize immediately and surgically remove" if she had given herself a treatment order. The key to the treating a relentless tumor, whether it was benign or malignant, was to treat it in time.But she thought of her husband, and a wonderful career beyond him. Once she was hospitalized for a major surgery, her husband would not hesitate to accompany her and serve her, because she had no other close relatives in this world. In that way, the painter's work would stop, or at least be influence. Her husband was struggling on the difficult road of art and could not be delayed. Lanying had to give up her treatment, even if it meant the hope of life, in exchange for the extension of the artistic life. This idea, from the day she fell in love with the painter, had been buried in her heart for a long, long time.<br />
<br />
一声长笛,列车开走了,载着一颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾霭中...... <br />
<br />
With a whistle, the train drove away, carrying the heart of an ordinary but great woman, and disappearing in the fog...<br />
<br />
袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,一株热带丛林特有的鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像是在为自己的青春而骄傲…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng and his collaborators worked hard and four months passed. The painting work was coming to an end. Turning a corner of the wall, a view of Xishuangbanna at dusk appeared. In the light blue glow, there was a Passionfora edulis unique to the tropical jungle. Its luxuriant branches and leaves were like a cluster of hydrangea, forming a beautiful screen. Dai girls Girls who took a bath at night, holding a clay pot, poured clear spring water on their body. They wore their long and undulating hair down to the ground, which seemed like the ripples of water flowing from high mountains. After the bath, the girls were combing their long hair with a tender smile on their face, as if they were proud of their youth...<br />
<br />
环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。 <br />
<br />
Surrounding the girl's bodies were a few flowing lines, which were the outline of the clothes that was sketched out in the draft. The painter was still uncertain how to handle them. In the process of painting, the onlookers who came and went through the lobby paid special attention to the girls taking baths at night on the wall, wanting to see whether they would be clothed or not.<br />
<br />
洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。“我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的一种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况他画的是神话传说而不是习俗…… <br />
<br />
It is a common knowledge in life that taking a bath (rather than splashing water) needs to take off clothes. In life, Dai women were more innocent. During the days in Xishuangbanna, the painter bathed many times with Dai men and women at the well and in the Lancang River. They were natural and graceful, treating nudity as a as a creation of nature, so they did not feel it was very mysterious. “I admit that I have more conservative thinking.” Yuan Yunsheng said sincerely, “Because of this, I am more respectful of them.” In the history of painting, the language of nudity was an artistic language with rich expressiveness. Represented by Venus in ancient Greece, it developed into an independent aesthetic category. Similarly, using the language of nudity to express the author's worship of women and the praise for life became necessary for this particular scene in the mural. Not to mention that he painted myths and legends rather than customs...<br />
<br />
看来,画家打错了主意? <br />
<br />
It seems that the painter got the wrong idea?<br />
<br />
在一些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和犯罪搅成一池浑水。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of some people, the style of nude was a “evil custom of barbarians” in the west! The richer the material life of the west was, the poorer the spiritual civilization was to the extent that the body was not covered by clothes. On the contrary, the great revolution of spiritual culture and the great retrogression of material production occurred at the same period in our country. In the past ten years, people’s vision had been highly purified. Chinese women did not even want to wear skirts, cheongsams, or tight-fitting shirts, and wrapped themselves up tightly so as not to show their changeable lines. By doing so, they would not stain the eyes of others and desecrate their bodies. However, treating aesthetics as the result of getting rid of evil concepts did not improve the morality of the society, but brought spiritual impoverishment and degradation. As a result, just like the pure springs turned into muddy currents, art and crime were mixed into a pool of muddy water.<br />
<br />
盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。 <br />
<br />
In the height of summer, when the scene of “bathing at night" stood out, although the images of these young girls were decorative, symbolic and simple, it still caused a stir.<br />
<br />
这并不显眼的一角却引来一批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
<br />
This inconspicuous corner attracted numerous viewers, including curious people, anxious people, passers-by and spectators. People were talking about it in different tones, surprised, harsh or vulgar...<br />
<br />
这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不韪了。如要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的一场争论。 <br />
<br />
It was the first time in years that a nude appeared on modern Chinese murals. The author did a wrong thing that was considered as a big one at the time. If he wanted to solve dispute, it was easy, lifting the brush, smearing a few strokes, and dressing the figures in blouses and skirts, which cost nothing. Then he and his whole family would be blessed and away from misfortune. But he was reluctant to do that. He thought of a controversy in history over the issue of nude art.<br />
<br />
六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的一班轻薄少年、无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军阀败北。 <br />
<br />
Sixty years ago, a group of courageous painters in Shanghai were reviled for using nudity in their teachings and creations. At that time, the newspapers published many critical articles, saying that the painter “offended public decency”, “wanted to make the women of the world into a shameless position" and “broke down the boundaries between Chinese men and women”... And at that time, a group of libertines and loafers in Shanghai took nude photos for sale, which provided handles to trolls. Until the warlord Sun Chuanfang was angered, the painter was wanted by telegram. The painter concentrated all his efforts on rising to the challenge without fear, and wrote articles saying that “Scoundrels made nude photos and obscene picture of prostitutes to attract others for profit, I am very sad... Why Private Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts is blamed? Why I am blamed?” "I advocated that ambition of art shouldn’t be takev away... Although I have to defy all difficulties and dangers, I will never refuse.” The struggle ended in victory for the painter and defeat for the warlord.<br />
<br />
历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的一桩旧案犹未了结。 <br />
<br />
History had gone by more than half a century. Times were different, but an old case in the art world was not settled yet.<br />
<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思想解放!” <br />
<br />
"What we encountered is no longer a body issue.” Yuan Yunsheng said to his companions, “It is related to the ideological liberation of the art world!"<br />
<br />
他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。 <br />
<br />
They insisted on making no changes. This detail in the murals was used as a stone of exploring and was thrown on the path of artistic spring presented in front of them after the smashing of the "Gang of Four".<br />
<br />
舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事…… <br />
<br />
After all, the pressure of public opinion was too great. In order to provide a peaceful environment for the painter to paint, the airport and the construction company were kind to cover up the doors and windows of the lobby while the painting work was still incomplete. Thus, the modernized doors were covered with thick kraft papers produced in the traditional way in China, and the murals painted in imported acrylic paints were hidden in a dull yellow glow of classical colors. The painter was at peace for the moment and went on with their unfinished work...<br />
<br />
不是结尾 <br />
<br />
Not the End<br />
<br />
10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动…… <br />
<br />
One day in late October, the autumn wind swirled yellow sand, sweeping above the streets of Beijing. Yuan Yunsheng walked down the street quickly, facing the wind, and his long and thick black hair fluttering in the wind...<br />
<br />
首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。 <br />
<br />
The painting work of murals at the Capital Airport had been completed. The artists and art workers, led by Zhang Ding, achieved great success. The papers and TV stations published and broadcasted murals with distinctive characteristics and modern style: ''Nezha Conquers the Dragon King'', ''Song of the Forest'', ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan'', ''The Spring of Science'' and ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life''... It was like a hot whirlwind in the art world and society, provoking intense reactions. Before the Fourth Congress of Chinese Writers and Artists, a group of celebrities from the circles of literature and art, theory, architecture, foreign trade and press and publication came to the Capital Airport to attend the unveiling ceremony and congratulate the artists.<br />
<br />
国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人一进入中国就有一个强烈的印象,这种艺术是一个国家国力的象征。” <br />
<br />
They acquired great recognition from foreigners. Foreign friends stood in the lobby of the terminal building, looking around the four walls with appreciative eyes and saying, "Beijing Airport will be famous all over the world for its murals.” ”It gives people a strong impression upon entering China that this art is a symbol of a country's national power."<br />
<br />
日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……” <br />
<br />
Hirayama Ikuo, a famous Japanese painter, also came to visit. He said that Chinese culture had two peaks in history: the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, and he believed that the third peak was coming. He said to Yuan Yunsheng with a smile, "After seeing your murals, I think Xishuangbanna is very beautiful. I really want to change the plan of this trip and go there..."<br />
<br />
这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰一样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔…… <br />
<br />
These days, Yunsheng was very busy. Meeting with foreign guests, accepting interviews and giving speeches on stage filled up his daily schedule. The lonely days were gone, followed by honors, applauses, and toasts, like stepping from the rugged mountain road to the peak full of flowers... He walked on the street, the wind and sand rushing toward him, and his lapel swaying in the wind. At this moment, contrary to the joy brought by the brilliant success, his face was strangely sad and sorrowful, frozen like ice, cold as a rock. It seemed to have infinite remorse in his indifference...<br />
<br />
呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化? <br />
<br />
Oh, what were you doing for? Were you still not satisfied? Or were you still worried about the change of political wind?<br />
<br />
不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着一个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作是坚定正确的表现。 <br />
<br />
No. He was not worried about that. He was confident. For more than twenty years, he had been tenacious exploring towards a set goal with the sincerity of art. He had never been discouraged in the face of any setbacks. He loved the art of the country, and was classified as a "rightist" because he disagreed with Soviet painting theory. But now people who took the same position were seen as having a solid and right performance.<br />
<br />
他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。 <br />
<br />
He loved the watery towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and took a hit for painting the beautiful scenes of the rural market. But now markets all over the country were more prosperous than they were then. Oh life, many things would be changed after thirty years! He no longer believed in temporary and hasty conclusions. His personality and the personality of his art had been strengthened by adversity, becoming independent of the conclusions.<br />
<br />
那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧? <br />
<br />
So, why were you sad? Why were you depressed?<br />
<br />
只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无望,只等待手术的判决…… <br />
<br />
Just because his wife, bosom friend, backer of his career and partner in distress, was lying sickly in the hospital. It was not until a few days earlier that he learned of the illness that Lanying had hidden from him. After four months of suffering from the disease, Lanying's health collapsed! When she left Changchun, her sick body wasted away, with weak spirit and pale and yellow face. Her female companions, who saw her off, could not see any color on her face, took it as their last farewell, breaking down in tears. At this moment, she lay quietly in a hospital in Beijing, and she seemed tired. Once the burden was lifted from her shoulders, she didn’t have words, complaints and hope, only waiting for the verdict of surgery...<br />
<br />
一个人站立起来了,另一个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南去的列车上一见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下一笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。 <br />
<br />
One people stood up, another fell down, and she fell down for him. Since they met on the southbound train, she made too many voluntary sacrifices. If the wife really could never stand up again, then what was the meaning of her husband's success today for her? She was a doctor, a good wife and mother, and a person dedicated to art. Her contributions could never be rewarded, and she could not leave a mark on any art classic, but only painful memories engraved in her husband's heart.<br />
<br />
画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼眶里滚动。 <br />
<br />
The painter ran down the street to the hospital, a storm stirring up in his heart. His eyes were wet, white tears rolling in his eyes.<br />
<br />
他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:一种是诚实的艺术家;另一种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。 <br />
<br />
He thought of the two kinds of people who were closest to art in the wide world. One was the honest artist; the other was the person who did not know art but was pure and simple, such as his lovely wife.<br />
<br />
他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少一些吗?<br />
<br />
They didn’t have other intention, just for art. To recognize their hard work was the minimum to tolerate the existence of art. But they suffered too much beyond art. Couldn’t they suffer less?<br />
<br />
他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。 <br />
<br />
He walked on the street in Beijing, his tearful eyes shining with anticipation.<br />
<br />
后记: <br />
<br />
Postscript:<br />
<br />
本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又过了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世事变迁未可尽述。 <br />
<br />
After this article was published, the heroine recovered after treatment. A few years later, the hero went to the U.S. alone. And many things had changed and it was impossible to mention them all.<br />
<br />
——作者 <br />
<br />
--Author<br />
<br />
（原载《十月》1980年6月） <br />
<br />
(Originally published in ''October'', June 1980)<br />
<br />
==卷一：10.热血男儿Hot-blooded Man==<br />
热血男儿 Hot-blooded Man<br />
<br />
李士非 Li Shifei<br />
<br />
满腔的热血已经沸腾。 <br />
<br />
The hot blood all over the body has been boiling.<br />
<br />
——《国际歌》 <br />
<br />
--''The Internationale'' (Chinese Version)<br />
<br />
一、能见到袁庚吗？ <br />
<br />
I. Can I See Yuan Geng?<br />
<br />
在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天，蛇口工业区和它的领导人袁庚，名扬国内外，越来越引人注目。 <br />
<br />
When the wave of reform is surging today, Shekou Industrial Zone and its leader, Yuan Geng, are becoming more and more famous at home and abroad.<br />
<br />
但是，我接受写袁庚的任务，未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他，手头也没有积累多少关于他的资料，而且听说采访他很困难：他是香港招商局常务副董事长（人们因此亲切地称他为袁董），大部分时间在香港，每到蛇口，都忙得不可开交，实在抽不出时间接受采访。 <br />
<br />
However, it was a bit risky for me to accept the task of writing about Yuan Geng. I had never met him and had not accumulated much information about him, and I heard that it was difficult to interview him: He was the executive vice chairman of China Merchants Hong Kong (so people affectionately called him Chairman Yuan). He spent most of the time in Hong Kong. Every time he came to Shekou, he was too busy and didn’t have time for interviews.<br />
<br />
但是，过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观，听过介绍，看过录像，袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣，接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口来，这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。 <br />
<br />
But after the past several times accompanying writers from other provinces to visit Shekou, listening to the introduction, and watching the video, Yuan Geng and Shekou aroused my strong interest. If I accepted the writing task, I could come to Shekou. The temptation was irresistible.<br />
<br />
”能见到袁庚吗？”“即使见不到袁庚也要写！”所谓“冒险”，无非是写不出或写不好，个人面子不好看罢了，比起袁庚和他的朋友们从事改革所冒的风险，简直是微不足道的。 <br />
<br />
"Can I meet Yuan Geng?" "Even if I can't see Yuan Geng, I’ll still write!" The so-called "risk" simply means that I couldn’t write or couldn’t write well, which would make me look bad. But compared to the risk taken by Yuan Geng and his friends in reform, it was simply insignificant.<br />
<br />
仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气，到这里待一些日子也是值得的。 <br />
<br />
It was worth staying here for a few days just to breathe the air of reform in Shekou.<br />
<br />
“如果你只能待很短的时间，我劝你趁早打退堂鼓，不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意，开弓没有回头箭，退堂鼓是不好打的。 <br />
<br />
"If you can only stay for a short time, I’d advise you to pull back sooner rather than later and don’t make the mistake of a screenwriter again." A kind friend advised me in this way. I appreciated his kindness. But there was no turning back of an arrow once it was shot. It was not easy to pull back.<br />
<br />
二、夜访梁宪 <br />
<br />
Ⅱ. Pay a Call on Liang Xian at Night<br />
<br />
在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口，袁庚出国去了，说是7月底或8月初才能回来。最了解他的一个人，东江纵队时期就和他一起工作，现任蛇口工业区顾问的许智明，到澳大利亚探亲去了，归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同，“时间就是金钱，效率就是生命”，白天工作紧张，找人谈话很难，晚上访问也要事先约定，因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰上袁庚的儿子袁中印，《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意，他马上说：“有什么好写的？这么多人写过了，要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受了乃父的影响，不大欢迎采访。”慢慢来吧，我一定要找你的。”我心里说。 <br />
<br />
It was not easy to interview in Shekou. When I arrived in Shekou in mid-July, Yuan Geng went abroad. I learned that he would be back by the end of July or early August. One of the people who knew him best, Xu Zhiming, who worked with him in the East River Column and was now the counselor of Shekou Industrial Zone, went to Australia to visit his family and his return date was still uncertain. The pace of work here was very different from that of the mainland, where "time is money and efficiency is life." There were many works by day, so it was difficult to find people to have a talk with. Visiting at night also had to be arranged in advance because many formal and informal meetings were held at night. One day I met Yuan Geng's son Yuan Zhongyin in the elevator of the office building. A reporter of ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'', Comrade Chen Yihao introduced my intention of coming here to him, he immediately said, "What is there to write? So many people have written about it. If you want to publish a book, you can collect them." I thought that he was influenced by his father, not very welcome interviews. "Take it a step at a time. I must find you." I said in my heart.<br />
<br />
多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙，约定了一天晚上9点钟去访问工业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人，穿过海滨花园，沐着海风，经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边，漫步走向梁宪的住处。早已听说，他1962年毕业于中山大学外语系，是梁宗岱教授的高足，对法国文学很有研究。果然，一见之下，我就感到他是一个充满艺术气质的人。 <br />
<br />
Thanks to the help of Comrade Huang Hongjian, a female writer and screenwriter of the Pearl River Film Studio who was the deputy director of the office here, we made an arrangement to visit Liang Xian, a member of the management committee of the Industrial Zone, at 9 o'clock one night. Huang Hongjian, Chen Yihao, and I walked through the seaside garden with the sea breeze, passed by Minghua ship of "Sea World” with brilliant light, and strolled towards Liang Xian's residence. I had already heard that he graduated from the Department of Foreign Languages of Sun Yat-sen University in 1962, who was a student of Professor Liang Zongdai and knew a lot about French literature. Sure enough, I felt that he was a man full of artistic temperament at first sight.<br />
<br />
他掏出港币，买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客，然后和我们谈笑风生。 <br />
<br />
He pulled out Hong Kong dollars and bought a few cans of iced Coca-Cola to entertain us, and then talked and laughed with us.<br />
<br />
“你们是文人，我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人，她在中央戏剧学院教书。我对她说：你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的，但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。中国像你们这样的文人太多，像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一句英语，“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙，黄虹坚一时也没反应过来，陈宜浩翻译说：”他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑起来。 <br />
<br />
"You are men of letters, and I’m a businessman. I gave up writing and engaged in business. My wife is also a man of letters, who teaches at the Central Academy of Drama. I said to her: Tang and Song poetry you talk about are very beautiful, but they can't solve the problem of the people's hunger. There are too many literati like you in China, and too few businessmen like me." He suddenly spoke an English sentence to Huang Hongjian, "I will change you into a business woman." I was baffled, and Huang Hongjian didn't understand at the moment, and Chen Yihao translated, "He said he would change you into a business woman.” We all laughed happily.<br />
<br />
梁宪大学毕业的时候，老百姓正在饿肚子，大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法国文学的尖子，后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作，比袁庚晚半年多一点。袁庚很器重他，有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。 <br />
<br />
When Liang Xian graduated from university, people were starving, and probably no unit needed a top student who studied French literature. Then he went to the Ministry of Communications. He was sent to work for the China Merchants Hong Kong in July 1979, more than half a year later than Yuan Geng. Yuan Geng thought highly of him, and some people said that he was Yuan Geng's "think-tank man".<br />
<br />
“我去香港的时候，老婆说：最怕你没骨气，没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是有的，外派干部只要有一点热血，就不是追求几大件，而是感到抬不起头来！ <br />
<br />
"When I went to Hong Kong, my wife said: What I fear the most is that you don’t have the backbone. If you don’t have it, let’s get divorced sooner rather than later. Of course I have it. As long as dispatched cadres have a little passion, they would not pursue some popular household items, but feel embarrassed to keep the head up!”<br />
<br />
“刚到香港，每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐，一串串的，海上漂着偷渡者的尸体，我们不能忍受，啪一声把电视关了。 <br />
<br />
“When I just arrived in Hong Kong, I watched TV every day to see young stowaways in chains of handcuffs, and dead bodies of stowaways floating in the sea. We could not bear it and snapped the TV off.”<br />
<br />
“我们国内建设搞不好，连一些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们，心里真难受呀。所以，我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过：‘我之所以这么干，是为了实现我入党时的初衷。’” <br />
<br />
“When we didn’t do well in nation-building, even some children of dispatched cadres who grew up in Hong Kong also looked down on us. It hurted a lot. So I understand Yuan Geng's mood for engaging in reform. He said, 'I did it because I wanted to realize the original intention when I joined the CPC.'"<br />
<br />
一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿，梁宪又概括地说： <br />
<br />
His words made my heart heavy. After a pause, Liang Xian said in a nutshell:<br />
<br />
“我熟悉的人当中，有两个热血男儿，一个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛，一个就是袁庚！” <br />
<br />
“There are two hot-blooded men in people who I am familiar with. One is my wife’s godfather Liu Rentao, and the other is Yuan Geng!"<br />
<br />
好一个“热血男儿”！这个词太恰当了，把这两个人相提并论太好了，我不禁怦然心动，觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。 <br />
<br />
What a "hot-blooded man"! This word was so appropriate. Comparing these two people was too good. I couldn’t help but feel excited that I thought I found the best way to Yuan Geng's inner world.<br />
<br />
也真巧，比我年长20岁的刘任涛，是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第一流的眼科专家，共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长，曾为刘伯承元帅安过义眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》，改行当了电影编剧，“文化大革命”中在珠影被诬为“历史反革命”，打断五根肋骨，投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动期间，他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明，不顾自己的政治处境，不顾没有任何医疗条件，决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他：“万一失败，你就是阶级报复，就会重进监狱。”他不听，他终于成功了。”作为医生，我拯救了我的灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀，立下遗嘱：死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
<br />
And coincidentally, Liu Rentao, who is 20 years older than me, is my admired elder and friend. This first-rate eye specialist in China was the director of the Shanghai Labor Hospital in the early days of the People’s Republic of China, and once installed a prosthetic eye for Marshal Liu Bocheng. Later, he became a movie scriptwriter after he wrote a movie script Dove of Peace. During the "Cultural Revolution", he was considered as a “pre-liberation counter-revolutionary" in the Pearl River Film Studio. His five ribs were broken and he was put into prison. When he labored under supervision at the "May 7 Cadre School" in Yingde, he saw a rural woman who was blind due to cataracts, and in spite of his political situation and the lack of any medical conditions, he decided to operate on the patient with a razor blade. A kind people advised him, “If you fail, it will be the class revenge and you’ll go back to prison." He didn't listen to it, and he finally succeeded." As a doctor, I saved my soul." Now he was over 70 years old, and he made a will: After his death, he would dedicate his eyes to the Eye Bank of Sun Yat-sen Medical College. Then he ran around and appealed for the restoration and establishment of schools for blind children...<br />
<br />
刘任涛和袁庚，经历和事业完全不同，但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身精神，是多么相似呵！我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚，觉得对袁庚也开始熟悉了。<br />
<br />
Liu Rentao and Yuan Geng had completely different experiences and careers, but they were patriotic and full of passion with the spirit of dedication. How similar they were! I imagined unfamiliar Yuan Geng from familiar Liu Rentao, thinking that I began to get familiar with Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
三、“冒险家” <br />
<br />
Ⅲ. “Adventurer"<br />
<br />
刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障，要冒风险。袁庚在蛇口进行改革，要冒更大的风险：两年之前，不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影地攻击经济特区嘛！ <br />
<br />
Liu Rentao, as a target of dictatorship, it was risky to use a razor blade to cut cataracts for a poor rural woman. Yuan Geng had to take an even greater risk when he carried out a reform in Shekou: Two years ago, someone wrote an article in the newspaper to assail the Special Economic Zone by insinuation!<br />
<br />
但是，时代毕竟不同了，今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月9日，胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区，袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆，和总书记有一段精彩的对话。 <br />
<br />
But times were different after all. Today's reform was carried out under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee. On February 9, 1983, General Secretary Hu Yaobang visited Shekou Industrial Zone. Yuan Geng opened his mind to the General Secretary, having a good conversation with him.<br />
<br />
袁庚：关于改革问题，现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看，凡是搞改革的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法，最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪，改良主义，结果六君子被杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革，我想不会落得前人这样的下场，我们是在党的领导下进行的，不会有问题吧，我们值得冒这个险！ <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: For the issue of reform, we need to carry out comprehensive reform now. Historically, all those who engaged in reforms came to a bad end. Two thousand years ago, Shang Yang carried out reform and was finally put to death. Wang Anshi’s Reform did not end well either. Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao just advocated constitutional monarchy and practiced reformism, but they were all decapitated. Sun Yat-sen’s reform also failed. Now, I think our reform will not end up like the predecessors. We are under the leadership of the Party. There will be no problem, so we are worth the risk!<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：过去的改革是下层少数人去改，领导者、统治者是压制的。现在不同，我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改，现在和过去根本不同嘛！ <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: In the past, the reform was carried out by a few people at the lower level, while the leaders and rulers were repressive. Now is different. Our leaders are taking the lead to call and urge the subordinates to reform. The present is fundamentally different from the past!<br />
<br />
袁庚：我们感到，我们的干部是不大怕群众的，只怕顶头上司，怕上司不喜欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说，我每次来蛇口，一上码头，前呼后拥的，下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒，就会忘乎所以，久而久之，就不怕群众，不怕下级，因为群众、下级撤不了我的职，我只怕交通部，怕顶头上司，只有他们才能撤我的职。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: We feel that our cadres are not afraid of the masses, but only afraid of their superiors, afraid that their superiors do not like them and then they can’t be leaders. As a small leader, every time I came to Shekou, I walked on the pier with many subordinates crowding around, who feared that they didn’t attend me well. Sometimes I was not sober, I would get carried away, and over time, I am not afraid of the masses, and not afraid of subordinates, because the masses and subordinates can’t dismiss me from my post. I am only afraid of the Ministry of Communications, afraid of my immediate superior. Only they can dismiss me from my post.<br />
<br />
所以，群众监督干部，群众有权选举和罢免干部，这至关重要。我们这里想搞个改革试点，管委会由群众选举产生，每年投一次信任票，如果不信任票超过半数，管委会就得改选，个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公开的、直接的，由群众投票选举的领导班子，就会想群众之所想，急群众之所急，就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手，就有人自动送礼上门，如果头脑不清醒，不能自律，就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装懂，诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部，我相信可以改变一下干部的结构和干部的作风。我们想做这样一个不太小的改革，准备冒一点风险。 <br />
<br />
Therefore, it is crucial that the masses supervise cadres and have the right to elect and dismiss them. We want to carry out a pilot reform here. The management committee is elected by the masses, and a vote of confidence is held once a year. If more than half of the people cast votes of no confidence, the management committee will have to be re-elected. If a member got more than half of the votes of no confidence, he will have to step down. This open and direct leading group, elected following a ballot by the masses, will think what the masses think, worry what the masses worry, and will actually do something good for the masses. Because once some leaders have the power in hand, someone will automatically send gifts to them. If their minds are not sober, they can not be self-disciplined, and will get carried away. There are also some cadres who pretend to understand what they don’t know. If the masses have the right to elect and supervise cadres, I believe we can change the structure of cadres and the work style of cadres. We want to make such a not-so-small reform and are prepared to take some risks.<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：（点头）好！很好！ <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: (nodding) Good! Very good!<br />
<br />
袁庚：总书记说了好，我们就记录在案，马上打报告这样做。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: Since General Secretary said good, we will record it, and immediately report and carry out it.<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿，在哪一出戏里我忘记了，讽刺官僚主义者，他不敢骂台上的官，只敢骂戏台上堂前的鼓。有一段唱词说：”一棵大树腹中空，两头都是皮儿绷，每天上堂敲三下，卟咚卟咚又卟咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛！（全场大笑） <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: (happily standing up) We have a famous dramatist named Guan Hanqing in history. In which play I forget, satirizing bureaucrats, he did not dare to curse the leaders on the stage, only dare to curse the drums in the hall on the stage. There is a line in the librettos of the drama that says: "A big tree is hollow in the belly, whose both ends have tight leather. Every day knocked it three times in the hall. Pu dong, pu dong and pu dong (the sound of a drum beating)." That is “not understanding” (the pronunciation of it in Chinese is similar to “pu dong”)! (all of them laughing)<br />
<br />
党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印，想到一块去了，这在蛇口的发展史上，是应当大书特书的。 <br />
<br />
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPC and the Secretary of the Party Committee of Shekou Industrial Zone shared the same thought. It deserved to be written about in the history of Shekou's development.<br />
<br />
1983年4月24日，选举产生了蛇口工业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22日，按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票？ <br />
<br />
On April 24, 1983, a new management committee of Shekou Industrial Zone was elected. On April 22, 1984, a vote of confidence in the management committee was held as scheduled. Was it necessary to hold a vote of confidence?<br />
<br />
组干处处长虞德海说：“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的，信任票不足半数就得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决，一定要搞信任投票。”投票结果，管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数，袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上，全部投票公开，任人查阅，尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐，如“某某能力低”“某某不堪信任”之类，也不加掩饰。 <br />
<br />
Yu Dehai, the director of the Division of Organizing Cadres, said, "Even I was a little hesitant. Because the result of a vote of confidence is to be fulfilled. If a member got less than half of the votes of confidence, he will have to step down. I thought we might as well carry out public opinion polls. But Yuan Dong was very determined to hold a vote of confidence." The result was that the members of the management committee all got more than half of the votes of confidence, and Yuan Geng got the most. That night, all the votes were open for inspection. Although some of the criticism was very sharp, such as "so-and-so has the low ability”, "so-and-so is untrustworthy" and so on, they didn’t hide their real thoughts.<br />
<br />
这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。 <br />
<br />
This was the most important reform of all in the Shekou Industrial Zone.<br />
<br />
四、“那里不肯放，就辞职！” <br />
<br />
Ⅳ. "If They Refuse to Let You Go, You Quit!"<br />
<br />
选举产生领导班子，定期举行信任投票，这是袁庚深思熟虑的一项决定。 <br />
<br />
The leading group was elected and a vote of confidence was regularly held. It was decided after Yuan Geng’s careful consideration.<br />
<br />
他深深感到，不改革干部制度，不改变干部结构，任何改革都无从谈起，“四化”也只是一句空话。 <br />
<br />
He deeply felt that without reforming the cadre system and changing the structure of cadre, no reform could be done, and the "Four Modernizations" was just a hollow phrase.<br />
<br />
有的领导干部，居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人：“你们大学建多大的桥？”问来访的美国客人：“英国人讲英语，你们美国人讲什么语？”还有人向中央领导同志汇报他到香港考察的收获：“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯！”如此等等，令人啼笑皆非。这样的干部，怎能担当建设”四化”的重任！ <br />
<br />
Some leading cadres even asked the visitors from the University of Cambridge in England: “What size of the bridge does your university build?" and asked the visitors from America: "British speak English, and what language do you Americans speak?" Someone reported to the leading comrades of the Central Committee what he had learned from his visit to Hong Kong, “There is a sea change in my mind!" And so on. It was ridiculous. How could such cadres take on the heavy responsibility of building the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地），指挥部只有二十多个干部的时候，袁庚就开始考虑如何培育一支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命化的干部队伍。1981年，他排除阻カ，毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班，从全国各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说，“我是个冒险家，为了蛇口的改革，我从全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。 <br />
<br />
When Shekou was still in the process of “five accesses and one leveling” (access to water, electricity, road, and natural gas, ventilation, and leveling the ground), and there were only twenty cadres in the headquarters, Yuan Geng began to consider how to cultivate a young, knowledgeable, professional and revolutionary cadres troop. In 1981, he removed the obstruction and decided to organize a training course for business management cadres, recruiting graduates who majored in science and engineering from all over the country. In his words, "I am an adventurer, and for the reform in Shekou, I gathered a group of small adventurers from all over the country".<br />
<br />
当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员，委托交通部下属的交通科学院情报所代为主持，在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。 <br />
<br />
At that time, Shekou Industrial Zone did not have the ability to send its own admissions officers, so it entrusted the Institute of Information of the Academy of Transportation Science under the Ministry of Communications to be in charge of the first exam in Wuhan. The first person to enter the examination room was Wang Chaoliang, an engineer of the Ship’s Hull Laboratory of the Yangtze River Shipping Scientific Research Institute under the Ministry of Communications.<br />
<br />
王潮梁1938年出生于江苏无锡，1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计专业。早在1958年，他就参考外国的资料，在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫原理，并和同学们一道造出了样品，在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是，在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年代，几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机工厂飞机设计室任产品主管设计员，那时生产要听驻厂军代表的，而军代表只相信苏联专家和苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料，翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂，即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂，也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚子气，却毫无办法。岁月如流，王潮梁搞了17年飞机设计，却看到我们的飞机工业比印度还落后；又研制了四年的飞翔船，却看不到一艘飞翔船下水，那种壮志难酬的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会，唯一的名额给了业务上根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培训班招生的广告时，他兴奋极了，“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方，去！”立刻把广告剪下来，郑重地贴在本子上。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province in 1938, and graduated from the Department of Aircraft of Northwestern Polytechnic University with the major of aircraft design in 1960. As long ago as 1958, he was the first person in China to study the principle of air cushion of hydrofoils by referring to foreign materials, and built a sample together with his classmates, which was performed on the Weiming Lake of Peking University. At that time, the British were only half a year ahead of them in their research on hydrofoils. However, in this age when "steel-making" was more valued than scientific research, the research of these few young boys was doomed to failure. After graduation, he was assigned to the aircraft design office of an aircraft factory as a design supervisor. At that time, production had to follow the resident military representatives in the factory, who only trusted Soviet experts and Soviet drawings. For example, it was required to use Ural wood for a certain propeller, and Ukrainian sand for molding. Even if China had better wood and better sand, it was not allowed to change. Wang Chaoliang, who was the new kid on the block, was very angry, but he could do nothing. As the years passed quickly, Wang Chaoliang engaged in aircraft design for 17 years, but saw that our aircraft industry even lagged behind that of India; and he developed a hydrofoil for four years, but could not see a hydrofoil launched. The pain of being difficult to fulfill his aspirations tormented his ambitions. There was an opportunity for a study tour to the Federal Republic of Germany, and the only place was given to the daughter of a minister who was nothing compared to him in the business. When he saw a recruitment advertisement for a training course for business management cadres in Shekou Industrial Zone in the newspaper, he was excited, "Shekou is a place where you have to build a career by your own ability. Go!" He immediately cut out the advertisement and stuck it solemnly on the notebook.<br />
<br />
他第一个走进考场，第一个走出考场。笔试、面试，成绩优良。主持考试的情报所林鸿慈同志下了结论：这是个人才，录取！ <br />
<br />
He was the first to enter and the first to leave the examination room. He got good grades on written examination and oral examination. Comrade Lin Hongci of the Institute of Information, who was in charge of the examination, concluded: This is a talent. Accept!<br />
<br />
但是，在中国有一个很大的矛盾：生产资料是全民所有制，干部却是单位私有制。一个单位可以把一个或一批人才冷藏一辈子。 <br />
<br />
However, there was a big contradiction in China: The means of production were owned by the whole people, but the cadres were privately owned by units. A talent or a group of talents could be shelved by a unit for life.<br />
<br />
长江航运科研所不肯放人。 <br />
<br />
The Yangtze River Shipping Scientific Research Institute refused to let him go.<br />
<br />
1981年11月，袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他，向他汇报了招生的情况，特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。 <br />
<br />
In November 1981, Yuan Geng was hospitalized in Guangzhou. Lin Hongci visited him in the Eastern District of Guangdong Provincial Hospital and reported to him about the enrollment situation, especially about the problem of Wang Chaoliang.<br />
<br />
袁庚很激动。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was very excited.<br />
<br />
“小王是不是党员？” <br />
<br />
"Is Wang a member of the CPC?"<br />
<br />
“不是。” <br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量，开个头，那里不肯放，就辞职！我这里收。最多就是人家去告状，最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先例。告到国务院，我们就把这个同志的情况报上去，中央领导会支持我们。新华社社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开‘干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人在单位不充分发挥作用，又不让调，这个局面不打开是不成的！” <br />
<br />
“It is less difficult to solve if he is not a member of the party. I don’t know if he has the guts to set a precedent. If they refuse to let you go, you quit! I’ll accept you. The most they can do is to complain to superior authorities, and finally to the State Council. I hope one or two comrades will set the precedent. If they complain to the State Council, we will report the situation of this comrade, and the leaders of the Central Committee will support us. Comrade Zeng Tao, the president of Xinhua News Agency, hoped that we could break the 'private ownership of cadres'. Now the problem of brain waste is too serious. People does not play a full role in the unit, and not allowed to transfer. This situation must be changed!"<br />
<br />
林鸿慈被袁庚打动了，写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁，同时通过各种渠道去做说服、疏通工作。终于，用不着王潮梁辞职，单位同意放人了。1982年，王潮梁来到蛇口工业区。 <br />
<br />
Lin Hongci was impressed by Yuan Geng, wrote a letter to tell Wang Chaoliang the content of this conversation, and persuaded Wang’s unit and reconciled the two sides through various channels. Finally, Wang Chaoliang didn’t need to resign, and the unit agreed to let him go. In 1982, Wang Chaoliang came to Shekou Industrial Zone.<br />
<br />
五、企业管理研究生 <br />
<br />
V. Graduate Student Majoring in Business Management<br />
<br />
1982年12月的一天晚上，一个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
<br />
One night in December 1982, a young man in his thirties arrived at Yuan Geng's home in Xiyuan, Beijing.<br />
<br />
这是一次事先约定的会见。 <br />
<br />
It was a pre-arranged meeting.<br />
<br />
年轻人叫余昌民，刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生，工作了八九年，深感中国企业管理的弊病太多，1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。 <br />
<br />
The young man named Yu Changmin, was one of the first group of graduate students in the Department of Business Management at Tsinghua University and just graduated. He was originally a graduate of the Department of Electrical Engineering at Tsinghua University, majoring in Automation. After working for about nine years, he felt that there were too many drawbacks in Chinese business management. In 1979, he returned to Tsinghua University to study for an MBA degree.<br />
<br />
1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年，专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息，《读卖新闻》为此发了专稿，登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了，干什么好呢？ <br />
<br />
In 1980, Yu Changmin went to Japan to study further for a year, specializing in Japanese business management. The Japanese took it as important information, and the ''Yomiuri Shimbun'' published a special article with his picture. Now that Yu Changmin had graduated, what job should he do?<br />
<br />
学校建议他到国家经委属下的中国企业研究协会去，这当然是个专业对口的美差，但是在武汉工作的爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候，蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。 <br />
<br />
The university suggested him to go to the Chinese Association for Enterprise Research under the Chinese National Economic Council, which was a good job in line with his specialty, but it was difficult for his lover who worked in Wuhan to transfer to Beijing. At this time, the wind of the reform in Shekou came to his ears.<br />
<br />
他每星期上街去买《深圳特区报》，得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝，如饥似渴地加以研究。不难判断，蛇口工业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去！决心下定了，系里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会，经朋友介绍，他就来登门拜访了。 <br />
<br />
He went out to buy the ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'' every week. When he got a copy of the earliest ''A Brief Introduction of Investment'', he regarded it as a treasure, and studied it hungrily. It was not difficult to judge that Shekou Industrial Zone was the ideal place to realize his aspirations. Go to Shekou! He made the decision and was supported by the department. Now Yuan Geng was in Beijing for a meeting, so he came to visit him by recommendation of a friend.<br />
<br />
会面的一瞬间，两个人互相观察了一下。 <br />
<br />
At the moment they met, the two men observed each other.<br />
<br />
“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗？穿件中式棉袄，和一般的老干部没啥差别，不是想象中的那个改革家的模样，而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真的值得？” <br />
<br />
"Is this the famous reformer Yuan Geng? Wearing a Chinese cotton jacket, he is no different from ordinary old cadres, not the reformer’s appearance I imagined. And I heard that he is poorly educated... Is it really worth it to work with him?"<br />
<br />
真正的一闪念，没容余昌民多想，袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
<br />
When this really sudden idea did not allow Yu Changmin to think more, Yuan Geng had already enthusiastically offered his seat and poured tea.<br />
<br />
谈话开门见山。 <br />
<br />
The conversation came straight to the point. <br />
<br />
“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里？” <br />
<br />
"What do you think is the fatal problem in China’s economy?"<br />
<br />
“在于体制。” <br />
<br />
"It lies in the system."<br />
<br />
“对了！”袁庚兴奋起来，侃侃而谈，”上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦，说他们要一千人，劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用，那七百是搭配的闲人，你再要，就再搭配，再多余，反正是大锅饭，大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了，还说这是社会主义的优越性！这样，工厂冗员越来越多，工厂成了小社会，在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的，形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ，败坏着我们的民族素质！这样的体制不改革，我们就没有出路！” <br />
<br />
"That's right!" Yuan Geng got excited, and spoke with fervor and assurance, "A director of a shipyard in Shanghai once complained to me, and said they wanted a thousand people, but they needed only three hundred people among the people the labor department allocated, and the other seven hundred people were ideal workers. If they asked for it again, they would be allocated again, then there were more redundant workers. They had to get equal pay anyway. They only needed to be paid in a muddle and said this was the superiority of socialism! In this way, there were more and more redundant workers in the factory. The factory became a small society, where the lazy workers exploited the hard-working workers, forming a terrible social habits force, which corrupted our national quality! If such a system is not reformed, we have no way out!"<br />
<br />
“我的一篇论文，提出了企业的素质问题。” <br />
<br />
"I have a paper that raises the issue of the quality of business."<br />
<br />
“有何高见？” <br />
<br />
"What’s your opinion?"<br />
<br />
“素质，好比基本作用，像女排，形成了她们的基本作风，就有战斗カ。” <br />
<br />
"Quality is like the basic role. For example, the women's volleyball team has formed their basic style, so they are effective.<br />
"<br />
“就把一个企业比作球队吧，假如你是教练，别人随便塞人给你，你怎么办？” <br />
<br />
"Let's compare an enterprise to a team. If you are the coach, what do you do when someone foists a player on you?"<br />
<br />
“我不要。” <br />
<br />
"I will not take it."<br />
<br />
“不要不行！” <br />
<br />
"No, you must take it!"<br />
<br />
“那我不干。” <br />
<br />
"I will disagree with it."<br />
<br />
“对了，就得这样。” <br />
<br />
"That's right. That's how it should be."<br />
<br />
一老一少，越谈越投机，彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处一闪而过的那点疑虑也完全打消了。 <br />
<br />
An old man and a young man, the more they talked, the happier they were, who both felt close to each other. The doubt that flashed through Yu Changmin’s deep heart was completely dispelled.<br />
<br />
“我们这里可要冒点风险。” <br />
<br />
"We have to take some risks here."<br />
<br />
“正因为这样オ要去，建设好了还去干什么？” <br />
<br />
"That's why I want to go there. If it has been built, why do I go there?"<br />
<br />
“你个人有什么要求？” <br />
<br />
"What are your personal requirements?"<br />
<br />
“只要求家属一起去。” <br />
<br />
"I only ask that my family can go with me."<br />
<br />
“这个我们来办。” <br />
<br />
"We will deal with that."<br />
<br />
两个月后，余昌民父亲去世，回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化，系里要留他。企业管理系刚刚建立，工作需要，理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚飞往蛇口，收不回来了。 <br />
<br />
Two months later, Yu Changmin's father died and he came home to the funeral. At this time the school's attitude changed and the department wanted to keep him. The Department of Business Administration had just been established and the work needed him. The reasons were good. But Yu Changmin's heart had already flown to Shekou with Yuan Geng and could not be retrieved.<br />
<br />
1983年3月，袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客，系里派余昌民随行。系领导的目的，是让校长对余昌民有个印象，说服他留下来，同时出面解决他家属的户ロ问题。 <br />
<br />
In March 1983, Yuan Geng invited Liu Da, the president of Tsinghua University, to Shekou, and the department sent Yu Changmin to accompany him. The purpose of the department leaders was to give the president an impression of Yu Changmin, persuade him to stay, and solve his family member’s problem of household registration.<br />
<br />
谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口，袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有，余昌民暗示要做刘达的工作。 <br />
<br />
But it backfired. Once Liu Da and his party arrived in Shekou, Yuan Geng asked Yu Changmin if the transfer had been finalized, and Yu Changmin hinted that he had to do something to persuade Liu Da.<br />
<br />
余昌民再一次请求：”校长，让我来蛇口吧。” <br />
<br />
Yu Changmin asked him again, “President, let me come to Shekou."<br />
<br />
“系里要我帮忙留你，我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。 <br />
<br />
"The department asked me to help to keep you, and I promised it." President Liu looked confused.<br />
<br />
袁庚一再要求支持：”刘达同志，把小余给我们吧，我们迫切需要企业管理的专门人才。” <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng repeatedly asked for support, "Comrade Liu Da, give us Yu. We urgently need a specialist in business management."<br />
<br />
刘达心动了。这位参加过“一二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
<br />
Liu Da was moved. The old comrade who participated in the “December 9th" Movement, was known for “covering up for intellectuals” as early as 1957 when he was the head of the Department of Forestry. He fully understood the need of Shekou and Yuan Geng and Yu Changmin's feelings. But he had to respect the department leaders and promised to solve the solution with the department when he went back.<br />
<br />
回去后，余昌民给系里写了报告，对系里的教育培养表示感谢，说明清华企业管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设，这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都至关重要。 <br />
<br />
When they went back, Yu Changmin wrote a report to the department, expressing his gratitude for the department's education and training, and explaining that the Department of Business Administration at Tsinghua University needed to agree its own graduates to participate in the construction of Shekou, which was crucial for the school’s research and information sources in the future.<br />
<br />
问题迎刃而解。7月，夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。 <br />
<br />
The problem was solved. In July, the procedures of the couple’s transfers were both completed.<br />
<br />
当余昌民到工业区大楼报到的时候，在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口，边走边说：”你是研究企业管理的，你先熟悉一下情况，有把握了再谈工作……” <br />
<br />
When Yu Changmin reported to the Industrial Zone building, he met Yuan Geng outside the building door. Yuan Geng affectionately took his hand and walked from the door to the elevator, saying, “You study the business management. You can familiarize yourself with the situation at first, and then talk about work when you get familiar with it."<br />
<br />
袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信，其中有一段话： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng also wrote a letter of thanks to Liu Da, which included a paragraph:<br />
<br />
关于小余的事，同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失一小余，无妨大局，蛇口得之，如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下，工业区将受其惠。 <br />
<br />
On the matter about Yu, the comrades admire your selflessness so much. Losing Yu couldn’t affect the general situation for Tsinghua, but Sheko will be better after having him... Tsinghua has students all over the world, and the industrial zone will be benefited from it.<br />
<br />
重感情的刘达，把这封信送给了余昌民，让他留作永久的纪念。 <br />
<br />
Liu Da, who valued the relationship, gave this letter to Yu Changmin, letting him keep it as a permanent memorial.<br />
<br />
六、星期天的早晨 <br />
<br />
Ⅵ. Sunday Morning<br />
<br />
星期天早晨8点钟，顾立基刚起床，洗了脸，正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的，大家都熬了夜，现在让他们多睡一会儿吧。顾立基轻手轻脚，唯恐弄出一点声音来。 <br />
<br />
At 8 o'clock on Sunday morning, Gu Liji just got up, washed his face, and was cooking instant noodles. The other four students in the same room were still sleeping soundly. They could turn off the lights late on Saturday night, and everyone stayed up all night, so let them get more sleep now. Gu Liji was cautious, lest he made a little noise.<br />
<br />
“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗？” <br />
<br />
"Excuse me, does Comrade Gu Liji live here?"<br />
<br />
门外传来一个声音。顾立基一看，走廊上站着一个六十多岁的老人和一个姑娘。 <br />
<br />
A voice came from outside the door. Gu Liji saw an old man in his sixties and a girl standing in the corridor.<br />
<br />
“我就是顾立基，您是？” <br />
<br />
"I am Gu Liji, and may I know who you are?"<br />
<br />
“我是袁庚，蛇口的袁庚。”老人首先伸出手来，“这是我女儿尼亚，她不放心我的身体，一定要陪我来，其实我的身体还可以。你看，骑了半小时车子，轻松愉快。” <br />
<br />
"I'm Yuan Geng, Yuan Geng from Shekou." The old man first extended his hand, "This is my daughter Nia. She is worried about my health, and she must come with me. But I’m okay. You see, it’s easy and pleasant to ride the bike for half an hour.”<br />
<br />
顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 <br />
<br />
Gu Liji never dreamed that the famous Yuan Geng would come to the dormitory of Tsinghua University to see him.<br />
<br />
他深受感动。 <br />
<br />
He was deeply moved.<br />
<br />
“我们到楼下谈吧，同学们还在睡觉。” <br />
<br />
"Let's talk downstairs. The students are still sleeping."<br />
<br />
楼下有一张靠背长椅，三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨，不冷不热，阳光和煦，轻风拂面，校园一片宁静的气氛。 <br />
<br />
There was a bench downstairs, and the three of them sat down side by side. In the morning of May, it was not cold or hot, the sun was warm, with a refreshing breeze blowing, and the campus was in a peaceful atmosphere.<br />
<br />
“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会？” <br />
<br />
"I heard that you organized an association of enthusiasts of business management?"<br />
<br />
“是的，现在会员有一千多人了，成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。” <br />
<br />
"Yes. There are more than a thousand members now, and Liu Da and Yu Guangyuan both came to attend the founding meeting."<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长？” <br />
<br />
"I also heard that you want to be the factory director?"<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊，”顾立基笑了，“我是说过想当厂长，为此还惹过一些麻烦呢。” <br />
<br />
"You're well informed," Gu Liji laughed, "I did say that I wanted to be the factory director, and I got into some trouble for that."<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦？” <br />
<br />
"What kind of trouble?"<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。” <br />
<br />
"Someone said I was ambitious."<br />
<br />
“岂有此理！想当个厂长是什么野心！‘不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’，这是拿破仑说的还是谁说的？一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对！” <br />
<br />
"It is nonsense! What kind of ambition is it to want to be a factory director? 'A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier', was said by Napoleon or others? There's nothing wrong with a college student wanting to be a factory director!"<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的，但是我感到中国更需要管理人才，所以主动旁听了企业管理系研究生的全部课程。” <br />
<br />
"I majored in computer science, but I felt that China needed management talents more, so I actively sit in on all the courses that graduate students of the Department of Business Administration took as an observer".<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧，我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班，要培养大量的管理人才。” <br />
<br />
"Go to Shekou. We have a training course for business management cadres, and we have to train a large number of management talents."<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像，我的心就动了，只是还没下定决心。” <br />
<br />
"When I saw a video about Shekou last November, my heart moved, but I just hadn’t made up my mind yet."<br />
<br />
“现在呢？” <br />
<br />
"And now?"<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了，去蛇口。” <br />
<br />
"Now I've made up my mind to go to Shekou."<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗？” <br />
<br />
"Good! We welcome you! Do you have any difficulties?"<br />
<br />
有什么困难？1982年的初夏，社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的，有人在报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界，影射特区有变成租界的危险，造成一股无形的压力，因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些，可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的人在一起，冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去，下属工厂任他挑选，这些，对他有一定的吸引力。他自从1967年中学毕业，1968年进上海印染机械修配厂，十年中当过锅炉工、车工、錠工、钳工、电工，当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为，1974年顾立基和他们争吵过一次，挨了批斗，却受到工人们的同情，和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要毕业了，朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查，他是材料组的负责人，如果不来上大学，早就走上领导岗位了，现在回去，工作安排是不成问题的。但是，陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大，他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的是，母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房，姐妹们都在外地，母亲希望他留在身边，爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
What were the difficulties? In the early summer of 1982, there was still a lot of criticism in society about the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. Some people wrote articles in the newspapers about foreign settlements in old China, insinuating that the Special Economic Zone was in danger of becoming a foreign settlement, which created an invisible pressure, so some people said "the future of the Special Economic Zone is uncertain”. These could be disregarded. Gu Liji wanted to be with someone like Yuan Geng, and it was worth the risk. The company in Shanghai wanted him to go back, and the subordinate factories could be selected by him, which had a certain appeal to him. He graduated from high school in 1967, and joined the Shanghai Printing and Dyeing Machinery Repair Factory in 1968, and worked as a boilermaker, lathe worker, ladle man, bench worker, electrician, and full-time secretary of the Youth League general branch for ten years. Because he did not like the bad things done by the factory rebel group which was controlled by Wang Hongwen's little brothers, Gu Liji quarreled with them in 1974 and then was criticized, but was sympathized by the workers, who established a deep relationship with them. Now he was about to graduate from college, and his friends wanted him to go back. If he had not come to college, he would have taken a leading position. After the “Gang of Four" was smashed, the factory checked the people involved. He was the person in charge of the material group. If he didn't go to university, he would have been a leader. If he went back now, the working arrangement was not a problem. However, the unfamiliar Shekou was more attractive to him than the familiar Shanghai, so he still wanted to choose Shekou. The trouble was that his mother and lover did not agree with him leaving Shanghai. Shanghai had spacious housing. His sisters were abroad, so his mother wanted him to stay around, not to mention his lover's attachment to Shanghai. This was also human nature.<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。 <br />
<br />
"I have to convince my mother and my lover." Gu Liji was embarrassed to say with a smile.<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口，使他动了感情，他滔滔不绝地发起议论来。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng could understand and believe in young men very much. Gu Liji resolutely chose Shekou, which moved him, and he talked volubly. <br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办一个工业区呢？为了在那块地方搞改革，搞全面的改革，从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度，都要改，不改就没有出路。过去三十年，极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候，海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体，都是青年，他们为什么要跑？因为我们穷！ <br />
<br />
"Your choice is right. Shekou has ample scope for your abilities. Why do we want to run an industrial zone in Shekou? In order to carry out a reform in that area, to carry out a comprehensive reform, from business management, and personnel system to the wage system, all have to be changed. Without change there is no way out. Over the past 30 years, we have suffered from the thought of the extreme 'left’ and the rigid system. When we first arrived in Shekou in early 1979, the bodies of stowaways were found in the bay, which were all young people. Why did they run away? Because we were poor! <br />
<br />
“‘四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’，越搞跑的人越多。一些村子的青壮年几乎跑光了，真叫人欲哭无泪！蛇口对面就是香港的元朗，相隔只有6000米，晴天能看到它的高楼，它就是在我们‘十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了，必须把经济搞上去，这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公里，对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛，我们改革成功了，对全国就有很大的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛，无伤大局。当然，我们一定要尽最大的努力，争取成功，避免失败。我们这一代人是老了，当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时候，时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……” <br />
<br />
"Why did the 'Gang of Four' conduct 'Political frontier defense’. More people ran away. Some of the young and strong people of the village almost ran away. It really made us want to cry! Across the sea from Shekou is Yuen Long in Hong Kong, only 6,000 meters apart. We can see the tall buildings there on a clear day. It was developed during our 'Ten Years of Turmoil'. We can't do meaningless things anymore. We must increase the economy, so we must reform the backward system. Although Shekou Industrial Zone is only 2.14 square kilometers, which is just a drop for the country's 9.6 million square kilometers. If our reform is successful, it will be of great significance to the country. If we fail, it is also a drop in the bucket, which doesn't affect the whole. Of course, we must do our best to strive for success and avoid failure. Our generation is old, and we don't have much time when we realize that we have to do something. So hope is pinned on you..."<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动，身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚，望着自己的父亲，眼睛也有点热了…… <br />
<br />
Gu Liji felt his blood flowing faster and his body was very hot. Nya, who had not made a sound, looked at his father and his eyes also felt a little hot...<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会 <br />
<br />
VII. Press Conference<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来，当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书，1984年4月被聘为办公室主任。 <br />
<br />
After Gu Liji came out of the training course, he worked as the industrial zone office secretary for a period of time and was hired as the office director in April 1984.<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚，因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口，听说顾立基6日一早要去香港，5日晚我去登门拜访。 <br />
<br />
I didn't see Yuan Geng in July and returned to Guangzhou for business. I returned to Shekou on August 5, and heard that Gu Liji was going to Hong Kong early in the morning on the 6th. I came to visit him on the evening of the 5th.<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告，我为了听这个报告，推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的，谁都可以听，欢迎你去。”一见面顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。 <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng is back in Hong Kong and will return to Shekou tomorrow afternoon. He will give a report at 7:30 p.m. in the club auditorium. I postponed my trip to Hong Kong for a day in order to listen to this report. The report was public that anyone can listen to it. Welcome to listen." As soon as we met, Gu Liji told me the good news.<br />
<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗？” <br />
<br />
"Could he have time to talk to me?"<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难，他在蛇口不会待太久，一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告，你最好陪他回宿舍——他儿子的住处，或者宾馆，这样边走边谈，可以谈十来分钟……” <br />
<br />
"I'm afraid it's difficult. He won't stay long in Shekou and has many things to deal with once he returns. After hearing the report tomorrow, you'd better accompany him back to his dormitory--his son's residence, or the hotel, so that you can talk for ten minutes while walking..."<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗？ <br />
<br />
I was a little disappointed. Was Yuan Geng really so hard to see?<br />
<br />
不管怎样，先听听他的报告再说吧。 <br />
<br />
Anyway, listened to his report first.<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半，袁庚的报告准时开始。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng's report began on time at 7:30 p.m. on August 6.<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影，大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。今天这个会也叫新闻发布会，街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂，基本上坐满了，放眼望过去，都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。 <br />
<br />
The club's auditorium was usually used to show movies, and large-scale rallies and press conferences were sometimes held here. Today's meeting was also called a press conference, and there were posters on the street. The auditorium, which could accommodate over a thousand people, was almost full. Looking around, there were all young and happy faces. <br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上，顾立基主持大会。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng and the manager of the China Merchants Hong Kong Development Department Xiong Bingquan, who visited abroad with him, sat on the rostrum while Gu Liji presided over the conference.<br />
<br />
一开始，袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说： <br />
<br />
At the beginning, Yuan Geng laughingly shook two sheets of paper and said:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕，只讲个把钟头。” <br />
<br />
"Don't be afraid, everyone. I only speak for one or two hours."<br />
<br />
人们笑了，其实怕的是他讲得太短。 <br />
<br />
People laughed. They were actually afraid that he spoke too short.<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问，历时23天，访问了4个国家、16个公司、18个城市，从新加坡开始，往西到英国，再到美国、日本，整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处，受到隆重的、破格的接待，我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们四个人，而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化，在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到做蛇口人的光荣。” <br />
<br />
"This trip abroad lasted 23 days, and visited 4 countries, 16 companies, and 18 cities, starting from Singapore, west to the United Kingdom, and then to the United States, Japan, going around the world. Everywhere we went, we received a grand and exceptional reception, which I have never received as a diplomat. This is not because people value the four of us, but because of the changes in China Merchants Group and Shekou Industrial Zone. All of you have contributed. I deeply appreciate the honor of being a Shekou people."<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张，出国访问要花自己的钱，花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、软弱的地位。这次出访，他们带了20万美金的信用卡，足够用了，所到之处都坚持这个原则，唯独在新加坡失灵了。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng always advocated that he needed to spend his own money on overseas visits. Spending other people's money would put him in a passive and weak position in negotiations. On this trip, they brought $200,000 in credit cards, enough to use. He adhered to this principle everywhere he went, except in Singapore.<br />
<br />
那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系，但新加坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检，从飞机场一直送到最高级的香格里拉大酒店，袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前，这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫人；在他之后，住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨），每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观什么项目，全部满足要求。 <br />
<br />
At that time we didn't have diplomatic relations with Singapore, but the relevant party in Singapore was very friendly. They were exempt from customs inspection, and were sent from the airport to the top-class Shangri-La Hotel, where Yuan Geng was put in the most luxurious "presidential suite" (before him, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher stayed here; after him, U.S. Secretary of State Schultz lived), with a daily room rate of HK$5,000. Their all requirements are met, no matter what they wanted to visit.<br />
<br />
临走结账时，酒店经理说：“在你们到来之前，已经有人付了全部费用。” <br />
<br />
When they checked out before leaving, the hotel manager said, "Someone had already paid the full cost before you came."<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁，英国老板们在海员罢工浪潮的冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们，给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说：“我们原打算3年之内种植20万株月季，把蛇口建成玫瑰之城，现在看来太落后了……” <br />
<br />
They visited Aberdeen, the logistical base of the North Sea Oil Field in Britain. They were impressed by the warm and courteous reception that they received from British bosses who were under the impact of the wave of seamen's strikes. They were equally impressed by the boundless blooming roses in the north of England." We originally planned to plant 200,000 China roses in three years to turn Shekou into a city of roses, but now it seems too far behind..." Yuan Geng said.<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国，主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。 <br />
<br />
The visit focused on the United States, and the main task was to sign a contract for the introduction of a float glass factory.<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡，大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。 <br />
<br />
In Pittsburgh, the Greater Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce honored Yuan Geng as an honorary member.<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔，华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民，交给他一把金钥匙。女市长在宴会上说：“我是百分之百的中国人，也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说：“我很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判，就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过，”在经济问题上，兄弟无情，六亲不认！何况是与外国人谈判！” <br />
<br />
In Montreal, the American Chinese mayoress, Lily Lee Chen, declared Yuan Geng an honorary citizen and handed him a golden key. The mayoress said at the banquet, "I am 100 percent Chinese and 100 percent American." Yuan Geng said, "I appreciate her words." The negotiations about the introduction of the float glass factory were not so easy. Yuan Geng said, "In economic matters, I am ruthless to brothers and place righteousness above family loyalty! Not to mention that I am negotiating with foreigners!"<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前，有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过的曲折。 <br />
<br />
Before appreciating Yuan Geng's art of negotiation, it was necessary to review the twists and turns at home to introduce the factory.<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。 <br />
<br />
let's use Yuan Geng's words to illustrate the point.<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日，袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说： <br />
<br />
On March 22, 1984, Yuan Geng said in a speech to the students of the third training course for business management cadres:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件，大家听了很高兴，但我们不要高兴得过早。不要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了，但官僚主义、红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事，还是有的。例如我们正在谈判的浮法玻璃厂，到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃，为什么不准我们用最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ？最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局交涉。她们去的时候，人家一口答应，讲你们回去好了，但等我们企业室派人带合同去盖章的时候，又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干，他们讲：‘你们派了记者、作家来，我敢不答应吗？弄得不好，你们要写报告文学，写内参，我受得了吗’？……” <br />
<br />
"The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a document on March 10. We are very happy to hear it, but we should not be happy too early. Do not think that everything is solved after they said something. The previous open challenges may be gone, but there are still bureaucracy, jealous men, people who guess the mind of a man of high character with a mean thought, and things of giving others a hard time. For example, float glass factory that we are negotiating for has not been approved until now. Our country has to import a large number of glass every year, why are we not allowed to use the most advanced technology to make glass to replace into the imported glass? We recently sent two capable women to the General Administration of Building Materials to negotiate. When they arrived, the people here freely agreed and said they could go back in peace, but when our enterprise office sent someone to Take the contract to be sealed, they overruled it. When we asked why they did it, they said: 'You sent journalists and writers. Did I dare not say yes? If we didn't do well, you would write reportage and internal references, could I stand it'? ..."<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨，交涉了九个月，オ过了国内这一关。 <br />
<br />
Good things never come easy. They negotiated for nine months to overcome this domestic difficulty.<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判，当然不可能用这么长的时间，但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想而知的。 <br />
<br />
Of course, it could not take such a long time to negotiate with the Americans, but the level of intensity of the bargaining could be imagined.<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂，简直是一座玻璃城！它生产各式各样的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃，用25磅大锤从20米外打去，地皮都震动了，玻璃却安然无恙。我们和美国合资，投资一亿美元，引进一座同样的工厂，买他的专利，以后我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点，集中在每年所付专利费占销售总额的百分比上。 <br />
<br />
The American float glass factory was a factory with advanced technology, which was totally a glass city! It produced all kinds of glass. There was a kind of toughened glass that was hit with a 25-pound sledgehammer from 20 meters away and the ground shook, but the glass stayed intact. We had a joint venture with the United States. We invested $100 million to bring in the factory and buy its patents. Then we could build a second and a third. It was a good deal. And the negotiations focused on the percentage of the annual royalties to be paid in total sales.<br />
<br />
美方要6%，我们还价4%。 <br />
<br />
The U.S. side wanted 6%, and we bargained for 4%.<br />
<br />
美方降到5%，我们加到4.5%。 <br />
<br />
The U.S. side dropped to 5%, and we increased to 4.5%.<br />
<br />
寸利必争，形成僵局。 <br />
<br />
They competed for their own profit, and a stalemate was formed.<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng spoke.<br />
<br />
“先生们，我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针，2000年前发明了火药，全人类都在享受这些伟大的成果，可是他们从来没有要过什么专利，我们作为后代从来没有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋，而是觉得光荣。请问各位，那时候你们的祖先在哪里？恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前，是不是毛特别多……” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, our ancestors invented the compass 4,000 years ago, and gunpowder 2,000 years ago. All the human beings enjoy these great achievements, but the ancestors never asked for any patents. We as future generations have never called them bastards because of it, but feel honored. May I ask you, where were your ancestors at that time? I am afraid they were still in the trees. Please look at your chests, are they very hairy..."<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前，一个个咧嘴笑了。 <br />
<br />
The Americans really looked down at their chests, and all grinned.<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕，我的意思不是不付专利费，而是要求公平合理r’ <br />
<br />
"But don't be afraid. I don't mean not to pay the royalties, but to ask you to be fair and reasonable!”<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格，坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们，说不定会抗议呢！”你骂我们的祖先，是可忍，孰不可忍！” <br />
<br />
This was typical Yuan Geng's style, frank, humorous and witty. It worked on Americans. If it were us, might have protested! "You scolded our ancestors. If this can be tolerated, what can not!"<br />
<br />
终于达成协议：4.75%，为期10年。 <br />
<br />
An agreement was finally reached: 4.75 percent for 10 years.<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进一个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂，专利费是5%，时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说： <br />
<br />
This was quite favorable. A major city introduced a British glass factory whose technology was not so advanced, with a royalty rate of 5% for 12 years. Yuan Geng finally said passionately:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处，绝不能走美国的路！ <br />
<br />
"The United States centralized the best and the worst things in the world. We have to learn from its strengths and never go the way of the United States!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退，工业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走，他们还有点生气，现在停滞不前了。 <br />
<br />
"The world economy is in recession and the industrial structure is being reorganized. Five years ago I went around the world and they were a little angry. Now they are stagnant.<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方，转移到太平洋沿岸。 <br />
<br />
"Some say the center of the world economy is going to shift to the East, to the Pacific coast, in the late 1980s.<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了，现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈，今天下午四点半一踏上蛇口码头，就感到无比的清新，感到一草一木都非常亲切。 <br />
<br />
"Our system has made people lazy in the past, and now it's changing. This time I traveled around the world. As soon as I stepped on the Shekou Pier at 4:30 this afternoon, I felt much refreshed and felt that everything was very familiar.<br />
<br />
“10月1日，蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话，那是大家的功劳！ <br />
<br />
"On October 1, the Shekou's float will pass in front of Tian'anmen Square! If it is thrilling, it's the contribution of everyone!<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的，思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上，我们一定要赶上和超过他们！” <br />
<br />
"The capitalist world is rich in material things and poor in mind. We are moving up. We must catch up and surpass them!" <br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时，宣布散会了，大家意犹未尽。 <br />
<br />
After only one and a half hours, the meeting was declared closed. People were still being immersed.<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了，我放弃了跟上去的打算。 <br />
<br />
When Yuan Geng walked out of the meeting place, he was immediately surrounded by people. I gave up the intention of following him.<br />
<br />
八、“搞什么阴谋诡计？” <br />
<br />
Ⅷ. "What Schemes and Intrigues You Want to Go in for?"<br />
<br />
8月7日，袁庚开了一整天会，据说8日也不会有空，而9日一早又要回香港了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上，我给他写了一封信，说明这一次如果不能和他交谈，我将等待，直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨，我把这封信交给了工业区党委副书记乔胜利，请他转交。 <br />
<br />
On August 7th, Yuan Geng spent the day in meetings. It was said that he would not be free on the 8th, while he would go back to Hong Kong early in the morning on the 9th. I had no hope of seeing him in the next two days. In the evening, I wrote him a letter explaining that if I could not talk to him this time, I would wait until his next trip from Hong Kong. Early on the morning of the 8th, I handed the letter to Qiao Shengli, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone, asking him to deliver it.<br />
<br />
8日上午，我到办公大楼访问王潮梁，两人刚坐下来，办公室副主任黄振超匆匆忙忙地叫我：“袁董回来了，快去见他！” <br />
<br />
On the morning of the 8th, I visited Wang Chaoliang at the office building. As soon as they sat down, Huang Zhenchao, deputy director of the office, called me hurriedly, “Mr. Yuan is back. Go and see him!"<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉，说明另改时间，急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。 <br />
<br />
I apologized to Wang Chaoliang, explaining to him to change the time, and hurriedly followed Huang Zhenchao toward Yuan Geng's office.<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的，中间隔着大块的透明玻璃，老远就看见了袁庚，他手里正拿着一大摞文件。 <br />
<br />
The industrial zone office and Yuan Geng's office were connected, separated by a large piece of transparent glass. I saw Yuan Geng far away. He was holding a large pile of papers.<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候，黄振超在旁边向他说明：”只是见见面，不会占你很多时间。” <br />
<br />
When I shook hands with him, Huang Zhenchao explained to him from the side, "Just to see you. It won't take up much of your time."<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng, however, smiled and said casually: <br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的？来搞什么阴谋诡计？” <br />
<br />
"You're from ''Flower City''? What schemes and intrigues do you want to go in for?"<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了，而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。 <br />
<br />
A joke shortened the distance between us, and I felt that there seemed to be some kind of subtext behind this sentence.<br />
<br />
我知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。 <br />
<br />
I knew Yuan Geng was also quite concerned about the problems of literature and arts. <br />
<br />
梁宪说过，前几年在北京开会，有一天袁庚看了张洁的小说《爱，是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章，问他：”你认识这个作家吗？咱们把她请到蛇口去！”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所了解的，“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。 <br />
<br />
Liang Xian said that when he went to Beijing for a meeting a few years ago, one day Yuan Geng read Zhang Jie's novel ''Love must not be forgotten'' and related critiques, and asked him: "Do you know this writer? Let's invite her to Shekou!" I believe he knew something about the ''Flower City'', which had been attracting a lot of attention in the past few years, and the joke of "schemes and intrigues" was said not without reason.<br />
<br />
我也笑着说： <br />
<br />
I also said with a smile:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋，要写你和蛇口。” <br />
<br />
"I want to go in for the overt conspiracy. I want to write about you and Shekou."<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下，舒服地往藤椅上一靠，摆出了准备谈一阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好，这里问题多得很，改革每前进一步都要经过斗争，到处充满着矛盾。” <br />
<br />
He led me to the small parlor between the two offices and sat down, leaning back comfortably in a rattan chair and assuming a posture as if he was ready to talk for a long time." I don't have anything to write about. Don't say everything is good here. There are many problems. Every step forward in reform has to fight for, and everywhere is full of contradictions."<br />
<br />
我说：”正是这一点吸引了我。” <br />
<br />
I said, "That's what attracted me."<br />
<br />
“一个国家没有民主是不行的，而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国，政治家演说，群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿扔他，他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的，但这一套对巩固资产阶级的统治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底，孙中山是想搞民主的，他死得太早，没搞成。中华民族是伟大的，但是历史的包袱太重了。” <br />
<br />
"A country can't be better without democracy, and there is no democracy when the masses don't have the right to supervise and oust cadres. We have reformed the cadre system. In foreign countries, when a politician makes a speech, the masses can throw rotten eggs and tomatoes at him, and he still speaks with an umbrella in the way. You say his democracy is fake, but it's useful for consolidating the rule of the bourgeoisie. We should practice socialist democracy. China's bourgeois democratic revolution was not complete. Sun Yat-sen wanted democracy, but he died too early to achieve it. The Chinese nation is great, but the historic burdens are too heavy."<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说： <br />
<br />
Huang Hongjian, who came in halfway, interjected and said:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿，她在美国学企业管理，谈起来也说：在美国深有感慨，感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重。 <br />
<br />
"I recently received the daughter of a comrade in charge of the central committee. She studied business management in the United States. She also said that in the United States, she had a deep feeling that our great nation's historic burdens are too heavy.<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族，就没有什么框框，我在报告会上也说了，他们的总督牌香烟广告有一句口号是’想做就去做’，这句话香港也接受不了，译成’应做就去做’。当然，想干什么就干什么是不行的，但我们许多应干的事却干不成。” <br />
<br />
"As a nation, the United States hasn't many restrictions. As I said in the report meeting, their Viceroy cigarettes has a slogan in advertising 'If it's right, do it', this phrase can not be accepted in Hong Kong, translated as ‘do what you have to do’. Of course, we shouldn't do what we want, but we can't accomplish many of the things we have to do."<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历，他扼要地做了回答，着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命”中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时，这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来，微笑着站在那里不动，我知道是催他去开会，我们的谈话该结束了。 <br />
<br />
Then I asked him about his experience, and he gave a brief answer, focusing on his joining the Communist Party and his imprisonment during the "Cultural Revolution". We had been talking for almost an hour when Wang Jingui, deputy director of the Management Committee, walked in and stood still with a smile. I knew he was urging him to go to the meeting and it was time to end our conversation. <br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志，我们马上又赶到太子宾馆，和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢，对监狱内外情形都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说： <br />
<br />
Huang Hongjian made an appointment by phone with Comrade Wang Zongqian, the wife of Yuan Geng, who lived in the Prince Hotel, and we immediately rushed to there, talking with Mrs. Wang who was gentle and polite for an hour. What we talked about was mainly that Yuan Geng was in jail and was clear about the situation inside and outside the prison. Mrs. Wang said slowly and fondly: <br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨，出来就蔦儿了，可是他不，他的劲头反而更大了。” <br />
<br />
"Many people were broken and never recovered after that kind of torture. But he didn't. He was even more aggressive."<br />
<br />
我心里说：这オ是袁庚！ <br />
<br />
I said in my heart: this is the real Yuan Geng!<br />
<br />
过了几天，乔胜利对陈宜浩说：“袁董看了我的信，答应下次回来再和我谈。”可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。 <br />
<br />
After a few days, Qiao Shengli said to Chen Yihao: "Chairman Yuan read my letter and promised to talk to me again the next time he came back." But soon he was invited to Fujian by Comrade Xiang Nan.<br />
<br />
8月25日上午，我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息，急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联系。但是太迟了，他过了中午又要回香港，而上午的时间已经排满，就在和我通话的时候，他不得不放下电话去开门。他说： <br />
<br />
On the morning of August 25, I got the news that Yuan Geng had returned to Shekou and hurriedly called the Prince Hotel to contact him. But it was too late. He was going back to Hong Kong afternoon, and the morning was already full. And just as he was talking to me, he had to put down the phone to open the door. He said:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧，不要紧的，我们没有秘密。” <br />
<br />
"If you have any questions, just talk on the phone. It doesn't matter. We have no secrets."<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访，一时想不齐全，只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字，他一一做了回答：”这些也要发表吗？”我说：“不一定发表。”他说：”发表也没关系，那天我讲话外国人也听了。” <br />
<br />
I hadn't prepared for the telephone interview and couldn't think of all questions for a while, so I had to ask him a few details and figures about his visit abroad, and he answered them all and said: "Are these going to be published too?" I said, "Not necessarily." He said, "It doesn't matter if it is published, because foreigners listened to my speech that day too."<br />
<br />
我说：”将来排出校样，送给你看看好吗？免得事实有出入。” <br />
<br />
I said, "When the proof is done in the future, I will send you to see, okay? In case there is something different to the facts."<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查，出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的，难免出点差错。捅点娄子也不要紧。” <br />
<br />
"That is not necessary. Don't censor everything. It doesn't matter if something goes wrong. People are vivid and substantial, and mistakes are inevitable. It doesn't matter if you make some mistakes."<br />
<br />
<br />
“好了，谢谢您。” "Well, thank you."<br />
<br />
“谢谢。” "Thank you."<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。 <br />
<br />
I suddenly thought of two sentences from Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观，来到铝材厂门口时，他向学员们介绍：这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人，23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起来，大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停工，一个工人从高处摔下来受了伤，他的哥哥跑过去看了看，见弟弟没有生命危险，便又回去干活了。 <br />
<br />
Once Yuan Geng personally led the students in the training course for business management cadres to visit. When they came to the entrance of the aluminum factory, he introduced to the students: The construction of the factory building was put out to the Japanese. 23 Japanese built it in only 27 days. Even though the rain was so heavy that they could not open their eyes, they did not stop working. A worker fell from a high place and was injured, his older brother ran over to see that his brother was not in danger, and then he went back to work again.<br />
<br />
袁庚说：“日本不富没有天理！中国改革不富也没有天理！” <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said, "There is no reason for Japan not to be rich! There is no reason for China’s reform not to be rich!"<br />
<br />
现在我想说：蛇口的改革不成功没有天理！ <br />
<br />
Now I would like to say: there is no reason for Shekou's reform not to succeed!<br />
<br />
九、大鹏魂 <br />
<br />
Ⅸ. Dapeng Spirit<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚，魁梧、潇洒，兼有外交家和实业家的风度，具有一种吸引人的魅カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢？ <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was 66 years old, stout and dashing, having the air of both a diplomat and an industrialist and an attractive charm. From where did he come to us?<br />
<br />
拨开历史的迷雾，我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。 <br />
<br />
Clearing up the fog of confusion, we saw the solid footprints of a hot-blooded man.<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园，算是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。 <br />
<br />
He was born in Shuiba Village, Dapeng Town, Bao'an City, Guangdong Province (now Longgang District, Shenzhen City). His family had an orchard and could be considered a well-off family. The wind and waves of Dapeng Bay cultivated his mind.<br />
<br />
1935年，他毕业于广州广雅中学，随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测量员，他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校，陈济棠下台后，这家军校成了国民党中央军校的分校。 <br />
<br />
In 1935, he graduated from Guangzhou Guangya High School and then entered a surveying school. After a short period as a surveyor, he entered the Yantang Military Academy run by Chen Jitang, which became a branch academy of the Nationalist Party Central Military Academy after Chen Jitang stepped down.<br />
<br />
在学校里，袁庚是活跃的足球门将，练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕业，他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官，一个个腐化不堪，对民族危亡无动于衷，便愤然回到故乡大鹏镇，担任第一小学校长，同时兼任地方自卫队教官。 <br />
<br />
In school, Yuan Geng was an active goalkeeper and developed a strong body. After graduating from the military academy, he saw that the instructors, who were full of benevolence and morality, were all corrupt and indifferent to the national peril, so he returned to his hometown Dapeng Town in anger and became the principal of the first elementary school, while also serving as an instructor of the local self-defense troop.<br />
<br />
学校是国民党办的，自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的，但是学校和自卫队中都有中共地下党员。 <br />
<br />
The school was run by Nationalist Party and the self-defense troop was run by Deng Yanda's Third Party, but there were underground members of the Communist Party in both the school and the self-defense troop.<br />
<br />
戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚，在当地是一个重要人物，三种政治力量对他都很重视。 <br />
<br />
When Yuan Geng returned to his hometown, he was an important figure in the area, and all three political forces attached great importance to him.<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文，和他住到一起，亲自考察他。 <br />
<br />
Wang Wen, secretary of the underground County Committee of CPC, lived with him and examined him personally.<br />
<br />
革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
<br />
The hearts of revolutionaries and patriots were always in sympathy. Yuan Geng soon became friends with Wang Wen, Zhong Wen, Lai Zhongyuan and other underground party members, and was also close to Wang Bo, a teacher being trained by the party organization. Yuan Geng actively participated in all the activities to promote anti-Japanese, such as organizing evening schools and acting in plays. One time in the performance of "Put Down Your Whip", Wang Bo played the daughter who made a living by singing, and Yuan Geng played a young man who stopped the father from whipping his daughter. When he shouted "Put down your whip", he completely got into the role, forgetting that he was acting, and many audiences also rushed after him...<br />
<br />
1939年3月27日，袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党，从这一天起，他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。 <br />
<br />
On March 27, 1939, Yuan Geng was recommended to join the Communist Party of China by comrades Wang Wen and Zhong Wen. From that day on, he had lived up to the honorable title of member of the Communist Party of China.<br />
<br />
当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党的漫画，刺痛了国民党区党部，他的处境变得危险了，党组织于1939年冬天把他转移到党领导的抗日游击队，从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子，像大鹏一样展翅高飞了。 <br />
<br />
There was a local progressive publication "Dapeng Spirit". Yuan Geng published a cartoon satirizing the Nationalist Party in it, which stung the District Party headquarters of the Nationalist Party. His situation became dangerous and the Party organization transferred him to the anti-Japanese guerrilla force led by the Party in the winter of 1939, from which he began his fighting career in the East River Column. The son of Dapeng Bay spread his wings and flew high like the roc (named Dapeng in Chinese).<br />
<br />
抗日战争期间，美军作为盟军，在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组，担任东纵联络处处长的袁庚，和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示，东纵和美军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报，对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。 <br />
<br />
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the U.S. Army, as an allied force, sent an observation group in Yan'an and one in the East River Column. Yuan Geng, who was the director of the Liaison Office of East River Column, remained in regular contact with the U.S. military observation group in East River Column. According to the instructions of the Central Committee, the East River Column and the U.S. observation group exchanged information about the Japanese army in South China, which played a positive role in defeating Japanese imperialism.<br />
<br />
日寇投降时，英军远在缅甸，一个海军少将只率领一营人乘航空母舰赶到香港。他的兵力不足以维持治安，要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央，中央复电：为了对付国民党的内战阴谋，坚决撤离港九地区；同时要求在香港设立联络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判，袁庚不辱使命，漂亮地完成了任务，并成为驻香港办事处的第一任主任，这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能想到，历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折，二十多年后，这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。 <br />
<br />
When the Japanese aggressors surrendered, the British army was in Burma. A Rear Admiral led only one battalion to Hong Kong by an aircraft carrier. His forces were not enough to maintain law and order, and he asked our Hong Kong-Kowloon detachment of the East River Column not to retreat. The East River Column asked the Central Committee for advice, and the Central Committee replied with a telegram: In order to deal with the conspiracy of the Nationalist Party's civil war, evacuate the Hong Kong-Kowloon area resolutely; at the same time, set up a liaison agency in Hong Kong. The East River Column sent Yuan Geng to Hong Kong to negotiate. Yuan Geng fulfilled his mission, doing his job well and became the first director of the Liaison Office in Hong Kong, which was the predecessor of the Hong Kong branch of Xinhua News Agency later. Who would have thought that the way forward of history could be so twisted and more than twenty years later, these achievements had become "crimes".<br />
<br />
十、秦城监狱 <br />
<br />
X. Qincheng Prison<br />
<br />
1968年4月6日，袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家，到机关去上班。北京的4月初，春寒料峭，风沙迷眼，加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报，形成一片肃杀气氛，使袁庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作，刚告一段落，还来不及喘口气，就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息，他于愤懑中保持着镇定。 <br />
<br />
On April 6, 1968, Yuan Geng left his home in Xiyuan early in the morning and went to work. In early April in Beijing, the spring air was chill, and the wind and sand got into the eyes, with ferocious big-character posters everywhere, which formed an awful atmosphere, making Yuan Geng extremely depressed. He had just come to the end of his work of receiving and transporting Chinese refugees from Indonesia and he couldn't even catch his breath before he returned to work. Recently, he kept hearing the news that his old comrades in the East River Column had lost their freedom or their whereabouts were unknown. He kept his composure in the midst of his resentment.<br />
<br />
回到办公室不久，有人通知：“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门，看到除部长之外，还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长，面孔板得像一座木雕。 <br />
<br />
Soon after he returned to the office, someone informed him, "The minister wants to see you." He opened the door of the minister's office and saw that in addition to the minister, there were two public security officers. The minister, whose name often appeared in the newspapers, pulled a face like a wooden statue.<br />
<br />
“袁庚，你被捕了！” <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng, you're under arrest!"<br />
<br />
下午，机关召开大会，部长在会上宣布：”袁庚是美国特务，已经依法逮捕。“袁庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和刘丹一，互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周总理安全的情景，记忆犹新，那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间，周旋于华侨社会之中，眼睛熬红了，人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场，天理何在？！ <br />
<br />
In the afternoon, the organ held a general meeting and the minister announced: "Yuan Geng is an American spy and has been arrested in obedience to the law." Yuan Geng's close friends and neighbors, Liu Yamin and Liu Dan Yi, who worked together with him as consuls at the consulate-general in Jakarta, Indonesia, in the 1950s, exchanged looks of grief and indignation. In 1954, Yuan Geng and they worked together to defend the Bandung Conference and the security of Premier Zhou. The memory of the scene was still vivid. At that time, when Yuan Geng traveled between Jakarta and Bandung, circulated among the overseas Chinese community, his eyes were red, and he lost a lot of weight by overwork. Such loyalty ended up like this. Where was the justice?<br />
<br />
与此同时，汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中，勒令交出所有的钥匙，开始抄家。翻箱倒柜，从下午抄到天黑，然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时，オ发现三个孩子被关在门外不准进家，左邻右舍也不敢收留，孩子们在抹眼泪…… <br />
<br />
At the same time, Comrade Wang Zongqian was brought back home from his office, and ordered to hand over all his keys. They began to search her house. They rummaged the whole house, from afternoon to dark, and then brought her back to the office to search her desk. When she went out, she found that three children were shut out of the house and not allowed to enter the house. The neighbors did not dare to take them in, and the children were wiping their tears...<br />
<br />
从此以后，袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里，也不知是死是活，到哪里打听都说不知道。1969年，汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校，孩子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”，但作为“反革命家属”，她只能干最脏最累的活，如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎，痛得胳膊抬不起来，医生建议回北京治疗，干校就是不准。直到1972年初夏，她的大孩子中印就要下乡插队了，她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服，打点行装，オ被批准。 <br />
<br />
From then on, Yuan Geng disappeared from life. Wang Zongqian did not know where he was locked up, nor did she know if he was dead or alive. Everywhere she asked all said he did not know. In 1969, Wang Zongqian went to a cadet school in Zou County, Shandong Province, with the organ, while the children stayed in Beijing to live with their grandmother. Although Wang Zongqian was considered a "student of the cadre school", but as a "family member of a counter-revolutionary", she could only do the dirtiest and most tiring works, such as taking away manure from privies and washing toilets. Her left shoulder was suffering from periarthritis of the shoulder. It was so painful that she couldn't lift her arm. The doctor suggested that she go back to Beijing for treatment, but the cadre school didn't allow it. Until the early summer of 1972, when her eldest child, Zhongyin, was about to go and work in the countryside, she asked for leave to return to Beijing to wash her child's clothes and pack his luggage, which was approved.<br />
<br />
1972年7月，袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后，有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去探监。“他还活着，他还活着！”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。 <br />
<br />
In July 1972, when Yuan Geng was arrested for four years and three months, someone suddenly informed Wang Zongqian to visit him in Qincheng Prison. "He is still alive, he is still alive!" Wang Zongqian's heart was stuffed with this thought.<br />
<br />
汪宗谦心酸地发现，袁庚行走困难，说话声音也变了，而且他不知道当时是何年何月！ <br />
<br />
Wang Zongqian sadly find that Yuan Geng was difficult to walk, his voice had changed, and he even didn't know when it was!<br />
<br />
原来监狱里日夜亮着灯，犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替，失去了时间的概念；睡觉时只准脸朝外，一条腿总是压在下边，时间长了造成萎缩；长期不讲话，声带都沙哑了。 <br />
<br />
It turned out that the prison was lit day and night, so the prisoners could not distinguish and remember the alternation of day and night, losing the notion of time; they only allowed to sleep with their face outward, and one leg was always pressed down, which caused atrophy over time; they didn't speak for a long period, so the vocal cords were hoarse.<br />
<br />
我曾经听说，袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西，只有放风时在天井里看到墙根的小草。 <br />
<br />
I once heard that Yuan Geng could not see anything alive for several years in prison, and only saw the grass at the foot of the wall in the patio when he was allowed to go out.<br />
<br />
问他是不是这样，他说： <br />
<br />
When he was asked if this was the case, he said:<br />
<br />
“不，还有蚂蚁，我对蚂蚁很有研究。” <br />
<br />
"No, there are ants. I studied ants a lot."<br />
<br />
这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量！ <br />
<br />
How much heavy weight this easy sentence contained!<br />
<br />
汪宗谦见过了袁庚，就为救他而奔走了。 <br />
<br />
Having met Yuan Geng, Wang Zongqian ran around to save him.<br />
<br />
“没见他不知道他死活，既然知道他还活着，我就怕他死了！问题还没搞清，死了孩子们都得背黑锅呀！他住在楼上，要到楼下的天井放风，上下都很辛苦，我到中央接待站去上访，请求把他搬到楼下来，这个要求被接受了。” <br />
<br />
"I didn't know if he was dead or alive when I didn't see him, and since I knew he was alive, I'm afraid he will die! The problem is not yet clear, and the children will have to get the blame if he is dead! He lived upstairs and had to go downstairs to the patio to breathe the fresh air. It was hard to get up and down, so I went to the reception center of the central committee to ask for moving him downstairs, and this request was accepted."<br />
<br />
袁庚搬到楼下的一间房，发现席子底下有一团花白的头发，他判断这里关过一个五十多岁的女同志。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng moved to a room downstairs and found a tangle of white hair under the matting. He judged that a female comrade in her fifties had been imprisoned here.<br />
<br />
后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事，王光美说：“没错，正是我住过的那间房。” <br />
<br />
Later he talked about it accidentally with comrade Wang Guangmei at a banquet, who said, "Yes, it was exactly the same room I lived in."<br />
<br />
袁庚出狱，已是1973年9月30日，整整关了5年半。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was released from prison on September 30, 1973, after five and a half years.<br />
<br />
在狱中，睡觉时只要一转身，看守就在外边敲门。夜晚，敲门声常常把人惊醒。袁庚回到家里，刚一入睡就惊醒了，这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年，这种心悸病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能，却用了更长的时间。每天，汪宗谦搀着袁庚，一步，一步，慢慢地走，越走越远，越走越快，走了一年之久，两条腿オ恢复了平衡。 <br />
<br />
In prison, when he was sleeping, as soon as he turned around, the guard was outside knocking on the door. At night, the knocking often woke him up. After Yuan Geng returned home, he woke up just as soon as he fell asleep, which was the real lingering fear. After half a year, this fear gradually disappeared. And it took longer to restore the function of that atrophied leg. Every day, Wang Zongqian helped Yuan Geng, step by step, slowly walking, further and faster. After walking for a year, his two legs restored the balance.<br />
<br />
更可悲的是，有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子，出来不会走直路了，一走就转圈，连马路也不能过。 <br />
<br />
What was more sad was that some people walked in circles for years in their cells, and when they came out, they couldn't walk straight, they walked in circles and even couldn't cross the road.<br />
<br />
人啊，人！ <br />
<br />
Oh, human!<br />
<br />
人的尊严到哪里去了！ <br />
<br />
Where had the dignity of human gone!<br />
<br />
经过一年多的休养治疗，1975年，袁庚被分配到交通部，当了外事局副局长。 <br />
<br />
After more than a year of recuperation and treatment, Yuan Geng was assigned to the Ministry of Communications as the deputy director of the Foreign Affairs Bureau in 1975.<br />
<br />
一恢复工作，袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体一样活跃起来。 <br />
<br />
Once he returned to work, Yuan Geng's mind became as active as his newly recovered body.<br />
<br />
恢复工作之前，袁庚骑自行车上街，总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道，“不能开慢点吗”！恢复工作之后，自己也坐上了小汽车，有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了，“不能靠边骑吗”！他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化，在心里警告自己道：”可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀！” <br />
<br />
Before he resumed work, Yuan Geng rode a bicycle to the street and always felt that the cars passing by were too overbearing, "Can't you drive slower"! After he resumed work, he also drove the car and sometimes felt that the bicycles on the road were in the way, "Can't you ride on the side"? He soon realized this subtle change in his mental state and warned himself, "I can't let my position dictate my thinking!"<br />
<br />
多年来，这成了他的一个信条。 <br />
<br />
Over the years, this became one of his credos.<br />
<br />
十一、香港第一课 <br />
<br />
Ⅺ. The First Lesson in Hong Kong<br />
<br />
1978年，做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚，以花甲之年改行搞经济，被派到香港招商局担任副董事长。 <br />
<br />
In 1978, Yuan Geng, who had spent most of his life in military and diplomatic work, changed his career to economics in his sixties and was sent to the China Merchants Hong Kong to serve as vice chairman.<br />
<br />
招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日，招商局香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱，从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长，所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。从李鸿章算起，袁庚是第29任了。 <br />
<br />
China Merchants Group was founded in 1872 by Li Hongzhang, a northern minister in the Qing Dynasty. On January 15, 1950, the 13 ships of the Hong Kong branch of China Merchants Group rose in revolt and returned to the embrace of the motherland, then becoming the representative agency of the Ministry of Communications in Hong Kong. Previous ministers of the Ministry of Communications also served as chairman of the China Merchants Hong Kong, so the vice chairman was the de facto person in charge. Reckoning from Li Hongzhang, Yuan Geng was the 29th minister.<br />
<br />
香港招商局在极'左’思想影响之下，经营单一，困守一隅，搞了几十年没有什么发展。袁庚到任，根据中央定下的“以航运为中心，立足港澳，背靠内地，面向海外，多种经营，工商结合，买卖结合”的方针，以铁腕大力整顿。 <br />
<br />
Under the influence of the thought of the extreme 'left’, the China Merchants Hong Kong was very conservative with narrow business scope, and didn't develop much for decades. When Yuan Geng took office, he made energetic efforts to rectify with an iron fist, according to the policy of "shipping as the center, based on Hong Kong and Macao, backed by the mainland, facing overseas, a variety of business, combination of industry and commerce, and combination of buying and selling" set by the central committee.<br />
<br />
袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said in his speech at the Economic Seminar of Part Coastal Open Cities:<br />
<br />
“我到香港的第一课，就是买了一座大楼，非常便宜，只花了6180万（港币）。第一次交订金时，支票2000万。那天是星期五，当时讲好下午2点钟，在一个律师楼里，大家一手交钱，一手交货。我们开了2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里，发动机都没有停。一上去之后，大家一手交货，一手交钱，签字。签完字，对方拿着支票，两个人夹住，下去了。剩下一个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度，马上存到银行里去了。因为明天是礼拜六了，人家银行关门，礼拜天也关门，假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前不到银行去交那个支票的话，他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支票交给他。我们的财务去了，他回来向我们报告，他说当时那个场面是很动人的。当然，我们闭着眼睛也能想到，资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重视，当时浮动利息是14厘，三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志，那就无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去，回家。他没有这个观念！这就是香港第一课。我也不怕自惭形秽，一窍不通，我接触经济工作，仅仅是5年多前开始的。但一开始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多！招商局的子公司多的是，一检查，发现支票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了，换了一个华东财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后，我就给他讲这个道理，一个礼拜之内他就能够接受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事，立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后，财源滚滚而来。……这个‘时间就是金钱’，不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我，其实这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’，它说得比我还厉害，时间重于金钱！” <br />
<br />
"My first lesson in Hong Kong was to buy a building, which was very cheap, costing only 61.8 million (Hong Kong dollars). The deposit I paid for the first time was a cheque for 20 million. It was a Friday, and it was agreed that we would cash on delivery at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, in a lawyer building. We signed a cheque for 20 million and went to the lawyer building. There were many people from the seller's side. A few cars were parked downstairs, with their engines running. Once we went up, we cashed on delivery, and signed. After signing, the other party took the cheque, two people clamped it, and went down. One boss was left to talk to us about the aftermath. The cheque was sent to the bank to be deposited immediately by a car as fast as possible. Because tomorrow was Saturday, the bank was closed, and was also closed on Sunday. If he didn't go to the bank to hand over that cheque before 3 o'clock on Friday afternoon, he would lose the interest of 20 million for three days. So he asked for the cheque to be delivered to him on time. Our accountant went there and he came back to report to us, and he said it was a very moving scene. Of course, we could think it blindfolded. Why the capitalist attached so much importance to the interest of 20 million in the bank for three days. At that time, the floating rate was 1.4%, and three days means tens of thousands of dollars of interest. If it was our comrade in the mainland, it didn't matter. This check would be put at home and he would go home. Because he didn't have this concept! This was the first lesson I learned in Hong Kong. I'm not afraid to be ashamed of myself and know nothing about it. I just started working in the economy more than five years ago. But as soon as I started, I realized that we have a lot of problems with economic work in China! There are many subsidiaries of the China Merchants Group. When I checked, I found that they thought putting the cheque at home overnight was not a serious thing. Soon I changed the accountant and replaced him with a graduate from the East China College of Finance and Economics. When he came, I told him it, and within a week he was able to accept it. He said that money management here was totally different from the mainland, and he would immediately rectify it. After the rectification, the money was rolling in... 'Time is money' is not unreasonable. Now many people scold me. Actually, this phrase was not invented by me. China has long spoken 'An inch of time is worth an inch of gold', which is said more strongly than my words. Time is more important than money!"<br />
<br />
招商局走上轨道，袁庚就考虑进一步的发展了。1979年初，他和有关同志带着在蛇口开发工业区的蓝图，到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志很感兴趣，当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给工业区，袁庚还没有这个胆量，只要了2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候，袁庚心里默默地说： <br />
<br />
After China Merchants Group was on the right track, Yuan Geng considered further development. At the beginning of 1979, he and some related comrades went to Beijing to report to Li Xiannian, and Gu Mu with the blueprint for developing the industrial zone in Shekou. Li Xiannian and Gu Mu were very interested, and agreed to give the entire Nanshan Peninsula to the industrial zone. But Yuan Geng did not have the guts, only receiving 2.14 square kilometers. When Comrade Li Xiannian picked up his pen to sign their report, Yuan Geng silently said in his heart:<br />
<br />
“先念同志，签吧，您这一笔下去，将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀！” <br />
<br />
"Comrade Xiannian, sign it. With this stroke written down, future generations of the Chinese nation will be benefited ah!"<br />
<br />
十二、清新 <br />
<br />
Ⅻ. Freshness<br />
<br />
1984年8月，蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅，迎面是一架屏风，正中间挂着一幅草书，苍劲流畅的书法，引人注目，细看那内容，更是气度非凡。这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本，把它抄了下来。 <br />
<br />
In August 1984, the first painting and calligraphy exhibition in Shekou Industrial Zone opened. The audience entered the exhibition hall, facing a screen, with a cursive calligraphy hanging in the middle. The strong and smooth calligraphy was eye-catching. When looking closely at the content, it was more imposing. This was the work of the versatile Yuan Geng. I couldn't resist pulling out my notebook and copying it down.<br />
<br />
登微波楼 <br />
<br />
Climbing the Microwave Telecommunication Building<br />
<br />
微波楼上，雨初晴，水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小，探手银河可摘。鹰掠浮云，鸥翻怒浪，何惧风雷激。掀天揭地，方显男儿胆识。梧桐山挹群峰，若游龙，直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海，洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排，帆樯队列，似神蛇添翼。中华崛起，英雄豪杰辈出。 <br />
<br />
Standing on the Microwave Telecommunication Building, it just clears up after the rain and the sky is clear blue after being immersed in water. I look far away, finding that the universe is so small, as if I can reach for the Milky Way. The eagle glides through the floating clouds, and seagulls flip over the surging waves, who are completely unafraid of the gathering storm. The world is shaken, showing the courage and insight of men. The peaks of the Wutong Mountain, like dragons in flight, sweep across Tuen Mun in the northwest. Rolling Pearl River flows south into the sea, showering Lindingyang Bay with spring scenery. The factory buildings are located like fish scales, and the ships are in a queue, like the divine snake who has grown wings. With the rise of China, numerous heroes have emerged.<br />
<br />
时维甲子，序属清明，雨后登蛇口微波楼，有清新感，兴之所至，填［念奴娇］。格律工否，非所计也，取其义耳。 <br />
<br />
Now is Pure Brightness in 1984. After the rain, I climb the Microwave Telecommunication Building in Shekou and have a feeling of freshness. Then I write a poem to the tune of Nian Nu Jiao while the whim lasts. I don't consider the rules and forms of the poem, but the meaning of it.<br />
<br />
宝安袁庚 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng in Baoan<br />
<br />
我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过，“每登微波楼，均有清新感”。可见“清新感”一词不是随便用的。 <br />
<br />
I paid attention to the words "have a feeling of freshness". In a letter to Liu Da, the president of Tsinghua University, Yuan Geng also said, "Every time I climb the Microwave Telecommunication Building, I have a feeling of freshness. It was clear that the phrase " a feeling of freshness " could not be used casually.<br />
<br />
我有同感。 <br />
<br />
I felt the same way.<br />
<br />
蛇口经过5年多的建设，已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区，当然以工业为主。引进项目98个，有52个已经开业投产。几十座工厂，几百栋宿舍楼，海滨的花园别墅，在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排，帆樯队列”，完全是写实，没有一点夸张。工业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头，许多外国石油公司和财团的代表机构也在这里办公，水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前，蒲公英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上，就是引进的具有20世纪70年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望，整个工业区尽收眼底，难怪这是袁庚心爱的一个去处。 <br />
<br />
After more than five years of construction, Shekou had become a new type of seaport. The industrial zone, of course, focused on industry. 82 projects had been introduced, 52 of which went into production. Dozens of factories, hundreds of dormitory buildings, and garden villas at the seaside went up at the desolate beach. "The factory buildings are located like fish scales, and the ships are in a queue" was written realistically, without any exaggeration. The seven-story office building of the Industrial Zone’s management committee was located close to the Wuwan Pier, where the representative offices of many foreign oil companies and consortia also worked here. The hydrofoils ran between Shekou and Hong Kong. In front of the building, a dandelion-like circular water sculpture splashed water like pearls. On the hill behind the building was the introduced microwave telecommunication building with the advanced level of the 1970s. Climbing the building to look around, the whole industrial area could be seen. No wonder this was Yuan Geng's favorite place to go.<br />
<br />
六湾中央的岸边，停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪华的大型客轮，诞生于1962年的法国，后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间，它在海洋上奔波，到过数十个海港城市，如今它退役了，古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归宿之地。它虽然不再航行，但风姿不减当年，以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜，灯火通明，烟花四起，它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候，一片反对之声，现在事实说明，它为蛇口添了异彩，对的又是袁庚。 <br />
<br />
The Minghua ship, which was dedicated an inscription of "Sea Word" by Deng Xiaoping, docked at the shore of the central area of Liuwan Bay. This luxury large passenger ship was born in France in 1962, and was later bought by Guangzhou Ocean Shipping Company. Over the past 21 years, it had traveled on the ocean and visited dozens of seaports. Now that it was retired, the ancient but young Shekou had become its home. Though it no longer sailed, but its charm was as good as ever, attracting thousands of visitors with its rooms, restaurants, dance hall, shopping mall and amusement park. At night, with its bright lights and fireworks, it seemed to be a palace on the sea. When Yuan Geng decided to spend 3 million yuan to buy it last year, many people disagreed with him. Now the facts showed that it had added a different color to Shekou. Yes, it was Yuan Geng again.<br />
<br />
晚上，我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上，观两岸灯火，听一片涛声，历史和现实在脑海里交叉、叠印，我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远，就是伶仃洋，就是珠江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音，陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音，仿佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮，更是历史的见证。 <br />
<br />
In the evening, I went for a walk at the seaside. I sat on the stone rail, watching the lights on both sides of the sea, listening to the sound of the wave, history and reality crossing and overprinting in my mind, and my heart could not calm down like the sea. Not far to the west, was the Lonely Ocean (Lindingyang Bay), which was the mouth of the Pearl River. The sound of Wen Tianxiang's sighing "On Lonely Ocean now I feel dreary and lonely" and the sound of Lu Xiufu's throwing himself into the sea with the Song Emperor on his back seemed to come from the depths of history. The rusty ancient cannon on the Chiwan Zuo Fort was also a witness of history.<br />
<br />
144年前，面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队，它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼，从而揭开了鸦片战争的序幕。但是，它能打掉海盗船的威风，却打不掉清王朝的腐朽，它和林则徐一道被出卖了。花开花谢，潮涨潮落，一百年过去了，终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚，指挥炮兵健儿，威震敌胆，一举解放了这片土地，解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到，30年的历史弯路，辜负了这大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心，月黑风高之夜，来到这荒凉的海滩，从这儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙，涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候，痛苦的心情真是难以表达。现在好了，オ过去五年，不过是历史的一瞬，蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色，他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喁喁私语的情侣，望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的孩子，心里暗暗地说：祝福你们，幸运的蛇口人！ <br />
<br />
Some young people lost confidence in the motherland. They came to this desolate beach in the dark and windy night, swimming to the lights on the other side from here. Some of them drowned in the halfway, and the tide pushed their bodies back to the place where they started. When Yuan Geng returned to Shekou five years ago and saw the bodies of these unfortunate people, it was hard to express his pain. Now, only five years passed, which was a moment in history, Shekou's lights at night were not inferior to the other side of the sea. It was said that Yuan Geng once drove on the other side of the sea to look at the night of Shekou, and I think it was also hard to express his joyful feelings. I looked at the couples whispering to each other on the benches in the seaside garden, at the children dancing around their young parents, and secretly said: Bless you, lucky Shekou people! 144 years ago, in the face of the unbeatable British Imperial Fleet, it bravely gave its first roar, thus opening the prologue of the Opium War. However, it could knock down the might of the pirate ships, but not the decadence of the Qing Dynasty, and it was betrayed along with Lin Zexu. With flowers blooming and fading, and the tide rising and falling, a hundred years passed, and it finally ushered in the earthshaking changes in 1949. Yuan Geng, the head of the artillery regiment of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, commanded the artillery soldiers to strike terror into the hearts of the enemy, and liberated this land and Dachan Island on Lindingyang Bay at one stroke. But no one expected that 30 years of historical detours failed to live up the beautiful land’s expectations.<br />
<br />
这还是看得见的清新气象，还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、工资制度的改革，由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化，这些属于上层建筑领域的清新之处，比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。 <br />
<br />
These were the visible fresh scenes, but there were also the invisible ones. The reform of the economic system, the personnel system, the wage system, the changes in human relations and values caused by these changes, which were the freshness of the superstructure, was more beautiful and moving than the brilliant lights of the night.<br />
<br />
啊，清新的蛇口！ <br />
<br />
Ah, the fresh Shekou!<br />
<br />
十三、心血 <br />
<br />
XIII. Painstaking Effort<br />
<br />
清新动人的蛇口，是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。 <br />
<br />
The fresh and attractive Shekou was sculpted by thousands of laborers with their painstaking efforts and hands.<br />
<br />
这中间，袁庚倾注了更多的心血。 <br />
<br />
And Yuan Geng devoted more efforts.<br />
<br />
工业区创建初期，香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥，他出色地贯彻了袁庚的意图，艰苦深入，日夜辛劳，给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港后，袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计，又关心具体问题，处理问题总是站在战略的高度，高瞻远瞩。他一天工作十几个小时，中午在藤椅上靠几分钟又工作了，晚上常常熬到深夜。 <br />
<br />
In the early days of the industrial zone, Zhang Zhensheng, the general manager of Ocean Shipping Company affiliated to China Merchants Hong Kong, served as the commander-in-chief. He carried out Yuan Geng's intention brilliantly, going into more depth about it, working hard day and night, which left a deep impression on people. After he was transferred back to Hong Kong, Yuan Geng took on the main leadership position of the industrial zone himself. He not only considered the overall policy, but also cared about the specific problems. He always dealt with problems from a strategic height and looked far ahead. He worked more than ten hours a day, leaning on a rattan chair for a few minutes at noon and then working again. He often stayed up late at night.<br />
<br />
第一批引进的工厂中，有个华美钢厂，是招商局与香港合资的企业。 <br />
<br />
Huamei Steel was one of the first factories which were introduced, which was a joint venture between China Merchants Group and Hong Kong.<br />
<br />
这位姓施的老板，本来是经营地皮股票的，对办工厂并无兴趣。 <br />
<br />
The owner, surnamed Shi, used to trade land stocks, and was not interested in running a factory.<br />
<br />
袁庚在印尼工作时结识的一位华侨朋友，代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术，认为在蛇口办一间轧制钢材的钢厂有利可图，便极カ劝施老板投资。 <br />
<br />
A Chinese friend, who was met by Yuan Geng while he was working in Indonesia, investigated the steel technology in the country in Boss Shi's stead. He thought it was profitable to run a steel mill that rolled steel in Shekou, so he tried to advise Boss Shi to invest.<br />
<br />
双方有利，一拍即合。 <br />
<br />
The two sides were favorable, and they immediately agreed.<br />
<br />
引进的设备在国内是先进的，投资额近一亿港元。 <br />
<br />
The equipment introduced was advanced in China, and the investment was worth nearly HK$100 million.<br />
<br />
1984年春，钢厂股东和工业区管委会举行联席会议，讨论经营方面面临的问题。港务公司提出一个悬案：建厂初期，厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的露天堆场，已经7个多月，港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费，而厂方拒绝付款，一直未能解决。 <br />
<br />
In the spring of 1984, shareholders of the steel mill and the industrial zone management committee held a joint meeting to discuss the problems in management. The ports company put forward an unsolved case: in the early days of the factory, more than 3000 tons of steel were stacked in the open yard of Wuwan Pier. It had been more than seven months, and ports company wanted to collect HK $600000 in stacking fees, but the factory refused to pay, which had not been solved.<br />
<br />
这个问题一提出，气氛紧张起来，施老板很激动，把财务经理和总工程师都叫来，讨价还价。他们说，工厂里没有堆场，所以无法提货，这不能怪他们。袁庚提出到工厂去看看，确实没有堆场，但那是管理不善造成的，只要加以整顿，就完全可以清出堆场来。 <br />
<br />
As soon as this question was raised, the atmosphere became strained. Boss Shi was so excited that he called the financial manager and the chief engineer to haggle. They said there was no yard in the factory, so they could not take delivery of the goods, which could not blame them. Yuan Geng proposed to the factory to see. There was no storage yard indeed, but it was caused by mismanagement. As long as to rectify, they could completely clear a storage yard.<br />
<br />
施老板知道理亏，答应出一半堆放费。 <br />
<br />
Boss Shi knew that he was in the wrong position, promising to pay half of the stacking fee.<br />
<br />
事情没有解决，该吃午饭了，袁庚说下午再议。 <br />
<br />
The matter was not resolved. It was time to eat lunch, and Yuan Geng said to discuss it in the afternoon.<br />
<br />
午饭后的短暂时间，袁庚当机立断，做了我方人员的思想工作，说明吸引施先生投资办工厂不易，应从大处和远处着眼，做出让步。 <br />
<br />
In a short time after lunch, Yuan Geng made an immediate decision to do the ideological work of our staff, explaining that it was not easy to attract Mr. Shi to invest and run the factory, so they should look at the big picture and the long term, to make concessions.<br />
<br />
下午会一开始，施老板就不耐烦地说： <br />
<br />
As soon as the meeting started at noon, Boss Shi said impatiently:<br />
<br />
“袁老板，你拍板吧！工厂你招商局也有份的！” <br />
<br />
"Boss Yuan, you decide! Your Merchants Group take a share of the factory as well!"<br />
<br />
袁庚不紧不慢地说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said unhurriedly:<br />
<br />
“这件事，我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的，工厂怎能长期让它堆放在码头？工厂没有堆场，这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对，你们为什么不催货主提货，任凭这些钢铁长期堆放？难道只要有堆放费可收就行了？你们应当考虑工业区的全局利益，考虑如何促进生产。 <br />
<br />
"In this case, I think there is blame on both sides. Since the steel belongs to the factory, how can the factory let it be stacked at the pier for a long time? The factory does not have a store yard, which is caused by management chaos. The ports company is also wrong. Why didn't you urge the owner of the cargo to take delivery of the goods and let the steel pile up for a long time? Do you just need to have a stacking fee to collect? You should consider the overall interests of the industrial zone and consider how to promote production.<br />
<br />
“出现这样的问题，是第一次，我的意见，这一次堆放费就免了，下不为例，工厂必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。” <br />
<br />
"It is the first time that such a problem has occurred. My opinion is that the stacking fee will be waived this time, and it will not be repeated next time. And the factory must remove these steels as soon as possible."<br />
<br />
这种出乎意料的处理方式，使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说：“谢谢你，袁先生！我口服心服！工厂接受批评，一定限期运走。”之后施老板积极性大增，双方合作一直很好。 <br />
<br />
This unexpected treatment impressed Boss Shi, who was in his thirties. He stood up and said, "Thank you, Mr. Yuan! I was sincerely convinced! The factory accepted the criticism and must take them away within a certain time limit." Since then, Boss Shi had been more active and the cooperation between the two sides had been always very good.<br />
<br />
创造良好的投资环境，使投资方有利可图，才能进一步吸引外资，这一直是袁庚的一个指导思想。 <br />
<br />
Creating a good investment environment made investors profitable, and then further attracted foreign investment, which had been a guiding ideology of Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上，袁庚宣布装卸费减半，博得一阵热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解，后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光，这措施对吸引外资起了很好的作用。 <br />
<br />
In 1982, at the opening ceremony of the Shekou Branch of Nanyang Commercial Bank, Yuan Geng announced that the handling fee had been halved, which won a burst of warm applause. At that time, some comrades did not understand, and later the facts proved Yuan Geng's strategic vision. This measure played a good role in attracting foreign investment.<br />
<br />
在日本三洋（蛇口）公司的开业典礼上，袁庚风趣地对来宾说： <br />
<br />
At the opening ceremony of Japan Sanyo (Shekou) Company, Yuan Geng said humorously to the guests:<br />
<br />
“先生们，我们希望你们赚钱，你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, we hope you can make money, and we win when you make money."<br />
<br />
这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说： <br />
<br />
This certainly didn't mean in any way that we didn't want to make money. Yuan Geng also said to the bosses of Western oil companies:<br />
<br />
“先生们，我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来，那就看我的本事了。” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, I'm going to take money out of your pockets. And whether I can get the money depends on my ability."<br />
<br />
对这些坦率的语言，老板们总是报以掌声。 <br />
<br />
The bosses always applauded such frank words.<br />
<br />
但是，如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益，那就错了。 <br />
<br />
However, it would be wrong to think that Yuan Geng disregarded the principles of socialism and the interests of workers.<br />
<br />
在根本问题上，袁庚是坚定不移的。 <br />
<br />
On the fundamental issue, Yuan Geng was steadfast.<br />
<br />
1983年5月，由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震动整个工业区的事件。 <br />
<br />
In May 1983, an incident that shook the entire industrial zone occurred at the Kaida Toy Factory, which was wholly owned and operated by Hong Kong Kaida Industries Limited.<br />
<br />
一个时期以来，这家工厂为了追求超额利润，强迫工人超时加班，有时干到凌晨4点甚至6点，一个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地，工人发病率急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为工业区人们议论的焦点。 <br />
<br />
For a period of time, in pursuit of super profits, this factory forced workers to work overtime, sometimes as late as 4 a.m. or even 6 a.m., with one worker doing the work of the two. Many workers fainted from exhaustion, and the morbidity rate of workers rose sharply. Those who refused to work overtime would be fired. The Kaida factory became the focus of discussion in the industrial zone.<br />
<br />
5月下旬，工业区召开首届团代会，凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季，接受了大量订单，正在拼命赶工。尽管团代会是晚上举行，并不占用正常的劳动时间，厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳萍平时劳动质量好，效率高，很少出差错，可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停工，罪名是”拒绝加班”。 <br />
<br />
In late May, the industrial zone held the first League Member Congress, and Zheng Yanping, a female worker in the Kaida factory was a representative of league members. However, at this time, the factory accepted a large number of orders to meet the key season for sales of International Children's Day, and was desperately trying to catch up with the work. Although the congress was held in the evening and didn't take up the normal working time, the factory still didn't allow Zheng Yanping to attend. Zheng Yanping usually had good labor quality and high efficiency, and rarely made mistakes, but because she attended the League Member Congress, the factory still unreasonably stopped her work with the charge of "refusing to work overtime".<br />
<br />
工人们愤怒了！蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下，岂能任资本家为所欲为！ <br />
<br />
The workers were angry! After all, Shekou was ruled by socialism. How could they let the capitalists do whatever they want!<br />
<br />
共青团管不了工厂的事，工会来管。 <br />
<br />
Matters beyond the Communist Youth League's control, could be controlled by trade union.<br />
<br />
凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的一个大厂，当时有1200多名工人，占工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候，管委会副主任熊秉权说：“凯达厂工会搞不起来，整个工业区等于没搞！”厂工会建立起来了，由工业区团委副书记端木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘，别看才23岁，已经做了三年团的专职干部，在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿舍，她就向工业区领导写过一个调查报告，当时招商局从全局考虑，没把这件事闹大，平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报工业区领导。 <br />
<br />
The Kaida factory was a large factory with early investment and a large number of workers in the industrial zone, which had more than 1200 workers, accounting for one-third of the total number of workers in the zone. When preparing for the establishment of trade union, Xiong Bingquan, the deputy director of the management committee, said: "If the Kaida factory trade union could not be organized, the entire industrial zone was not built too!" The factory trade union was established, and Duanmu Mo, the deputy secretary of the League Committee of the industrial zone, was also the chairman of the union. This girl with glasses from Lianyungang, Jiangsu, although only 23 years old, had been a full-time cadre of the league for three years, who was unequivocal on matters of principle. Last year, she wrote an investigation report to the leaders of the industrial zone about the illegal search of workers' dormitories in the Kaida factory. At that time, China Merchants Groups considered the big picture, and didn't escalate, resolving it peacefully. Now Duanmu Mo promptly reported the situation to the leaders of the industrial zone step by step.<br />
<br />
报告送到袁庚手里。 <br />
<br />
The report was sent to Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
袁庚没见过郑艳萍，但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道，近来更关心着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng had never met Zheng Yanping, but he had dealt with the female workers in the Kaida factory three years ago. Recently, he was more concerned about their recent situation. He had fatherly feelings for them.<br />
<br />
1981年，袁庚从香港过来，听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡，没有桌子写信，写信要在走廊里写，有些人想家流泪，马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心，安慰工人，答应三天内一定解决她们的困难，临走伸出小手指说： <br />
<br />
In 1981, Yuan Geng came from Hong Kong and heard that the female workers in the Kaida Factory had no hot water for bathing, no table for writing letters, who had written them in the corridor, and some of them were homesick with tears. So he immediately went to the dormitory with Liu Qinglin, the deputy director, and Yu Weiping, the office director, to visit the workers. He had a heart-to-heart talk with the workers, comforted them, promising to solve their problems within three days. Before leaving, he stretched out his little finger and said:<br />
<br />
“你们信不信我的话？要不要勾手指？” <br />
<br />
"Do you believe me or not? Do you want to have a pinkie promise?"<br />
<br />
姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲，脸上的愁云一扫而光，开朗地笑了：“我们相信！” <br />
<br />
The girls did not expect the commander-in-chief to be so amiable, and the sad clouds on their faces were swept away and they smiled broadly: "We believe you!"<br />
<br />
“我们相信！”这不是相信袁庚他个人，而是相信党，相信社会主义啊！如今厂方对待工人无理到这种地步，再让步就丧失原则了。 <br />
<br />
"We believe you!" This was not to believe in Yuan Geng personally, but to believe in the Party, to believe in socialism! Now the factory treated the workers unreasonably to such an extent, and it would be a loss of principle to give in again.<br />
<br />
他激动地在报告上批道： <br />
<br />
He excitedly criticized in the report:<br />
<br />
“加班应是自愿原则，要找资方严肃讲清楚，不准他们胡来。” <br />
<br />
"Overtime work should be voluntary. We should make it clear to the management seriously, and don’t allow them to mess about with it."<br />
<br />
替工人说话，帮郑艳萍复工，维护独资企业工人的合法权益，工会是责无旁贷的。 <br />
<br />
It was the duty of the trade union to speak for the workers, help Zheng Yanping to resume work, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the workers of the sole proprietorship.<br />
<br />
根据他的批示精神，端木默深入女工宿舍，反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加班，找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后，往往谈到一两点钟。有的工人怕老板报复，在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲，常在深夜去敲她的门。经过一个多月的艰苦劳动，终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委，赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强，工作认真负责，积极主动。 <br />
<br />
According to his instructions, Duanmu Mo went deep into the female workers' dormitory and repeatedly made a lot of investigations. As workers had to work overtime, she usually talked to workers after 12 o'clock at night, often talking to one or two o'clock. Some workers were afraid of retaliation from the boss, they didn't dare to talk in front of others in the dormitory, and often knocked on her door late at night. After more than a month of hard work, she finally mastered a large number of first-hand materials. The Shenzhen Federation of Trade Unions Working Group once wrote to the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone for it, praising Comrade Duanmu Mo for her high vigilance, strong organization, conscientious and responsible work, activeness and initiative.<br />
<br />
接着，在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切配合下，把工厂几年来违法的行为，包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍，侵犯人权，以及厂方无限制加班加点，给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来，整理成材料，向厂方提出：如不改正错误，就诉诸法律，寻求法律途径解决。 <br />
<br />
Then, under the specific guidance of the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone, the District Trade Union and the Shenzhen Federation of Trade Unions and with the close cooperation of all relevant departments, all the illegal acts of the factory over the past few years, including the illegal search of the workers' dormitories last year, human rights violations, and the unrestricted overtime required by the factory, which brought serious harm to the health of the workers, were collected and compiled into materials and proposed to the factory: If they didn't correct the mistakes, they would resort to the law, seeking legal solutions.<br />
<br />
厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下，厂主不得不答应给郑艳萍复工，补发停工期间的工资，工人加班自愿，每天加班时间控制在两小时以内。 <br />
<br />
The factory understands the consequences of resorting to the law. The law of value worked. With the efforts of many parties, the factory owner had to promise to allow Zheng Yanping back to work, compensating the wages during the suspension period. And the workers worked overtime voluntarily, with overtime hours limited to less than two hours a day.<br />
<br />
斗争胜利了。 <br />
<br />
The struggle was won.<br />
<br />
原来很普通的女工郑艳萍，在斗争中受到锻炼，成了凯达厂工会副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默，现在已由工业区组干处推荐，考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系，凯达厂工会工作的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了。 <br />
<br />
Zheng Yanping, a very ordinary female worker before, was trained in the struggle and became the vice president of the trade union of the Kaida factory and a women's commissioner of the trade union of the industrial zone. Duanmu Mo, who had majored in English in Lianyungang for two years, was now recommended by the Division of Organizing Cadres of the industrial zone and enrolled in the business management department of Shenzhen University's cadre training course, and the burden of trade union work in the Kaida factory fell on her shoulders.<br />
<br />
工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争，这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯达厂开工以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口“到底姓社还是姓资”的人，也可以从这里得出必要的结论。 <br />
<br />
All the sole proprietorships and joint ventures in the industrial zone had seen this struggle, and the victory of this struggle was our total comeback against a series of bad behaviors of the Kaida factory since it started work. Those who doubted whether Shekou was surnamed "Socialism or Capitalism" could draw the necessary conclusions from here.<br />
<br />
十四、玫瑰之城 <br />
<br />
XIV. The City of Roses<br />
<br />
“袁庚考虑方针大计，包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了10万元专款，还从北京请来了二刘。”工业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。（今年4月，比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任，他改任副主任，这就是能上能下。） <br />
<br />
"The major policies and measures Yuan Geng considered included planting roses to beautify Shekou. He took out a special loan of 100,000 yuan from the bank and invited Double Liu from Beijing." Comrade Yu Weiping, former office director of the industrial zone and now deputy director of the office, introduced to me. (In April this year, Gu Liji, who was younger than him, became the director of the office, and he became the deputy director. That was being able to take a lower as well as a higher post.)<br />
<br />
二刘，就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹一。 <br />
<br />
Double Liu, was Yuan Geng's old friends Liu Yamin and Liu Danyi.<br />
<br />
刘丹一，江苏海门人，祖先以种花和养盆景出名，有“田状元”之称，他自己也从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后，没有了种花的闲情逸致，“十年动乱”中靠边站，这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历史较短，才三年，但由于潜心研究，也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北京月季花协会的理事，各自种着几百棵月季。 <br />
<br />
Liu Dan Yi, from Haimen, Jiangsu Province, whose ancestor was famous for flower planting and Bonsai cultivation and was known as the "Number One Scholar in Farmland", also loved flower planting since he was a child. After he joined the New Fourth Army in 1940, he did not have time and mood to grow flowers. When he stood aside during the "Ten Years of Turmoil", he picked up the hobby again. The flowers he planted were quite famous in Beijing. Liu Yamin had a shorter history of planting flowers, only three years, but due to his dedicated research, he was also an expert in planting flowers. Both of them were directors of the Beijing China Roses Association, and each of them planted hundreds of China roses.<br />
<br />
67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部，工资不低，又都有美满的家庭，本应在首都安享天伦之乐，但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到蛇口来了。 <br />
<br />
67-year-old Liu Yamin and 64-year-old Liu Danyi were both retired. They were quite responsible cadres. Their wages were not low, and they had happy families, so they should have enjoyed their happy lives in the capital, but Yuan Geng "instigated" them to Shekou.<br />
<br />
“不是袁庚请，我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。 <br />
<br />
"If Yuan Geng hadn't invited us, we wouldn't have come." said Liu Yamin, a tall and strong old man.<br />
<br />
刘丹一还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人，北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉，袁庚亲自写信把他聘请了来，充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人，作家沈从文的表侄，画家黄永玉的表弟，他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北京父母身边，因为语言不通，9岁オ开始上小学。读了9年书，初中毕业那年碰上“文化大革命”，进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”，把工厂的花盆全砸了，院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了，这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可怜那些花木和小树，晚上，他偷偷地把一棵小枣树带回家，栽在院子里，同时开始种起花来。他没有更高的境界，只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西；故乡的山花多美呀，为什么在北京就不能种呢？从此他和花结下了不解之缘。 <br />
<br />
Liu Danyi also recommended a young man, Long Quan, 36 years old, a director of the Beijing China Roses Association, to Yuan Geng. Yuan personally wrote a letter to hire him to serve as Double Liu's assistant. Long Quan was a native of the Tujia ethnic group in western Hunan, a cousin of the writer Shen Congwen and a cousin of the painter Huang Yongyu, whose father was a professor at the Central Academy of National Minorities. He grew up in his hometown until he was 7 years old and then came to live with his parents in Beijing. Because of the language difficulties, he didn't go to elementary school until he was 9 years old. After studying for 9 years, he encountered the "Cultural Revolution" when he graduated from middle school and became an apprentice in a Beijing Automobile Factory. The Red Guards entered the factory to Attack on the Four Olds, smashing all the plant pots and uprooting the jujube trees as thick as the thumb in the yard, which the simple Tujia man could not understand in any way. He took pity on the flowers and small trees. At night, he secretly took a small jujube tree home and planted it in the courtyard. At the same time, he began to plant flowers. He didn't have a higher realm, but just instinctively felt that he should love and protect beautiful things; how beautiful the flowers on the hills in his hometown were, and why couldn't he plant flowers in Beijing? From then on, he had an inseparable relationship with flowers.<br />
<br />
他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部，却把全部业余时间花在种花上，到了入迷的程度。经过十几年风雨，院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了；他种的400多株玫瑰，年年换代，驰名京华。别看他没上过大学，北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究生，也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展，展出400多个品种，3000多盆，其中就有他送展的20盆花，每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前来参观，他陪同介绍，园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻轻，貌不惊人，而且颇为土气，就故意考他，指着一株名花问他那是什么品种，他不假思索地答道： <br />
<br />
He later became a cadre of the Nationality Printing Press Factory, but he spent all his spare time on planting flowers to the extent of obsession. After more than a decade of wind and rain, the jujube tree in the courtyard had grown up and fruited; he planted more than 400 roses, blooming every year, which was famous in Beijing. Although he hadn't been to college, but the graduate students of Professor Chen Junyu, the director of Department of the Horticulture in Beijing Forestry College, also asked him to give lectures. In May 1983, Beijing held the third Moonflower Exhibition, displaying more than 400 varieties and 3,000 pots, including 20 pots of flowers he sent to the exhibition with one variety per pot. Marianne, an expert from the Federal France, came to visit and he accompanied her to introduce, with a chief engineer from the Bureau of Parks acting as a translator. Seeing that he was young, homely, and a little bit rustic, the expert deliberately tested him, pointing to a famous flower and asking him what variety it was. He replied without thinking:<br />
<br />
“这是贵国的‘明星’、世界十大名种的第三名，在20世纪70年代是最好的。” <br />
<br />
"This is the 'star' of your country, the third in the world's top ten species, which was the best in the 1970s."<br />
<br />
联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实，龙泉不但能识别数百个品种，而且知道许多品种的来历和传说，谈起来如数家珍。 <br />
<br />
The expert from Federal Germany was greatly surprised. In fact, Long Quan could not only identify hundreds of varieties, but also knew the origin and legends of many of them, and he was very familiar with them when talking about them.<br />
<br />
5月6日，他带着600株花苗，乘飞机到达广州，当天工业区的汽车便把他接到蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话，问他是否适应这里的生活，他说：“要做开拓者，决不当逃兵！”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上，5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京，一个月后，再次带了4000多株苗回来。 <br />
<br />
On May 6, he arrived in Guangzhou by plane with 600 seedlings, and a car from the industrial zone took him to Shekou that day. On the 8th, Yuan Geng talked with him and asked him whether he adapted to life here, and he said, "I want to be a pioneer, and will never be a deserter!" The survival rate of the seedlings he brought was over 90%. On May 17, Yuan Geng asked him to follow Liu Danyi back to Beijing, and a month later, he brought back more than 4,000 seedlings again.<br />
<br />
如今老少三人住着工业区的一套三房一厅，客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电视机，煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准，他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他们自得其乐。每天上午，两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃，顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、施肥；龙泉则早出晚归，整天待在苗圃和工人一起干。 <br />
<br />
Now the three young and old men lived in an apartment with three rooms and one living room in the industrial zone. There were only a few rattan chairs and a black-and-white TV in the living room, and they cooked and washed clothes by themselves. According to the standard of Shekou, their life was humble. But they enjoyed it. Every morning, the two old men walked 20 minutes to the nursery, under the burning sun to guide workers to graft and fertilize; Long Quan went out early in the morning and went back home late at night, staying in the nursery and working all day with workers.<br />
<br />
我对种花是外行，听他们谈花经，得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来的。”刘亚民老人对我说，“任何花果，不嫁接就退化。比如桃树，再好的桃子，把核种下去长出来就是毛桃，不能吃，只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉，就更复杂了。” <br />
<br />
I was a layman in planting flowers, and l benefited a lot when I listened to them talk about their experience of planting flowers. "Good varieties were created by grafting and hybridization." Liu Yamin said to me, "Any flowers and fruits will degenerate without grafting. For example, no matter how good a peach is, it will bear wild peaches when its kernel was planted, which can't eat. The tree can only be used as the rootstock for grafting. Hybridization needs to be hand-pollinated, which is even more complicated."<br />
<br />
我心里却想，蛇口的改革，不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗？多年来我们闭关自守，总以为自己的体制最纯，好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上，结果怎么样呢？大家都知道了。杂交出新，这恐怕是一条普遍规律，包括写文章在内，不能老是墨守成规。 <br />
<br />
But I thought to myself that wasn't the reform of Shekou also a sense of grafting and hybridization? For many years we closed the door on ourselves, always thinking that our own system was the purest, as if Marx only sat on our bed, and what was the result? We all knew. New products were created by hybridization, which was even a universal law, including writing articles that could not always stick to established practice.<br />
<br />
龙泉年轻，想得更多一些。他说，中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载，外国原来只有一般的玫瑰，没有四季开花的月季，月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后约瑟芬的玫瑰园里，就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后，随着国家的衰弱，月季的种植也凋零了，现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会，我们中国还没有，只是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流，我们拿不出什么优良品种。外国人感兴趣的古老品种，像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等，已经很难寻了。 <br />
<br />
Long Quan was young and thought a little more. He said that there were records of moonflowers in China since the Jin Dynasty. There were only ordinary roses in foreign countries, but no China roses blooming all year round. The China rose came from China. In the rose garden of Josephine, the queen of Napoleon, there were China roses introduced from China. After the Opium War, with the weakening of the country, the planting of China roses also faded. Now there were China rose associations in the United States, Japan, Germany, France and other countries, but China didn't have one yet. Only Beijing, Shanghai and other cities just established it. People wanted to exchange with us, but we couldn't take out any good varieties. The old varieties that foreigners were interested in, like green rose, Ardisia faberi, Paul Neyron, Old Blush, etc., were already hard to find.<br />
<br />
“现在世界上最好的品种是什么？”我问。 <br />
<br />
"What is the best variety in the world now?" I asked.<br />
<br />
“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中，一个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。” <br />
<br />
"Yellow Peace is the best. It was cut and sent to the United States by a French in World War II."<br />
<br />
“你有什么打算？” <br />
<br />
"What are your plans?"<br />
<br />
“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说，月季不适应太热的气候，24摄氏度以上就开不好，现在是7月，你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究，使蛇口不但成为玫瑰之城，而且四季都能开好。” <br />
<br />
"I want to let China rose take root in Shekou. Generally speaking, China roses don't adapt to hot climate, and don't bloom well above 24 degrees Celsius. Now it is July, you see, the flowers are very small. I want to do some research to make Shekou not only a city of roses, but they can bloom well in all seasons."<br />
<br />
“你在这里干两年，你爱人没有意见吗？” <br />
<br />
"Doesn't your wife have complains with you working here for two years?"<br />
<br />
“当然有意见。我结婚晚，孩子オ3岁，我来的时候，她和孩子送到飞机场，临上飞机，孩子喊爸爸，我差点掉下眼泪，头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇ロ，个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下，他又说，”有人说我是为了四大件，为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了，住的也宽敞。这里每月给我200元，可是空军后勤部请我去种花，每月给250，还有小车坐，我也没去。来这里一个多月了，什么‘海上世界’、购物中心，我不知道在哪儿，我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。” <br />
<br />
"Of course she has complains. I married late, and the child was only 3 years old. When I was going to come here, she and the child sent me to the airport. Before boarding the plane, when the child shouted father, I almost fell into tears, and I did not dare to look back. But I did not regret it. It was worth making some personal sacrifices to beautify Sheko. The two old comrades were my role models." After a pause, he added, "Some people said I came to Shekou for four major possessions, for high wages. In fact, I have all the major possessions at home, and I live in a spacious house. I was given 200 yuan a month, but the Air Force Logistics Department invited me to plant flowers, 250 yuan per month, and I could sit in a small car. I didn't go. I have been here for more than a month. I don't know where the 'Sea World', and shopping centers are. I only know the road from the dormitory to the nursery."<br />
<br />
在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里，听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心声，我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草，在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同志，你真行，你把这三位种花人请到蛇口，他们不仅能种玫瑰，而且正在种鲜艳的精神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰，我们一定也会有的。 <br />
<br />
In the simple bamboo scaffold of the rose nursery, I heard this dark-faced and thin Tujia man pour out his heart, and was deeply moved. There are plenty of fish in the sea and there were beautiful hearts everywhere in Shekou. Comrade Yuan Geng, you were really good. You invited these three flower growers to Shekou, who could not only grow roses, but were growing bright spiritual flowers. We must have the blooming roses you saw in England in the future.<br />
<br />
十五、激动的工程师 <br />
<br />
XV. The Excited Engineer<br />
<br />
7月10日，《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息，标题是《蛇口观念》。在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下，有一段话说： <br />
<br />
On July 10, the ''Yangcheng Evening News'' published a news from Xinhua News Agency on the front page with the headline "Shekou Concept". Under the subheading of "Cadres must create a new situation", there was a paragraph saying:<br />
<br />
蛇口有一个“海上世界”，它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸边，作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个“海上世界”的前任经理作风正派，工作辛苦，不久前却被解聘了。原因是他在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。 <br />
<br />
Shekou has a "Sea World", which fixed a large decommissioned tourist ship on the shore of Shenzhen Bay as a hotel and entertainment venue. It is said that this unique hotel is also rare in the world. The former manager of this "Sea World" is decent and hard-working, but was dismissed not long ago. The reason was that he did not make a groundbreaking contribution to "Sea World".<br />
<br />
“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献！”“海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程师十分激动地对我说。 <br />
<br />
"I disagree that I did not make a groundbreaking contribution!" "Engineer Wang Chaoliang, the former general manager of "Sea World", said to me with great excitement.<br />
<br />
的确，我听到的议论，大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业，为“海上世界”尽早开业做出了贡献；说他只干了155天，已经开始赢利，把他换下来是没有理由的；说华轮大部分职工怀念他，如果举行投票，他肯定会占压倒优势…… <br />
<br />
Indeed, most of the comments I heard were sympathetic to Wang Chaoliang. They said that he worked hard to start the business and made contributions to the opening of "Sea World" as soon as possible; that he worked for only 155 days and already started making profits, so there was no reason to replace him; that most of the employees of Guanghua Ship missed him, and if there was a vote, he would definitely have an overwhelming advantage...<br />
<br />
“对袁董我是很敬佩的，蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题上，我不理解他为什么这样做！我一直是按照他的指示工作的，如果说我有缺点，那么谁没有缺点？” <br />
<br />
"I have great respect for Chairman Yuan, and the reform and achievements of Shekou are inseparable from him. But on the issue of the Minghua ship, I don't understand why he did it! I have always worked according to his instructions, and if I have shortcomings, and then who doesn’t have?"<br />
<br />
46岁的王潮梁，个儿不高，精力充沛，说话直言不讳，丝毫不掩饰他的激动情绪。我觉得能够理解他，而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了17年飞机设计，5年飞翔船设计，壮志未酬，抱着极大的希望来到蛇口，本想趁壮年干一番事业，不料明华轮的事业刚刚开始，却被换了下来，他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang, 46 years old, not tall, was energetic and outspoken, who didn't hide his excitement. I felt I could understand him and wanted to build a friendship with him. He had been engaged in aircraft design for 17 years and hydrofoil design for 5 years, and his ambition was not fulfilled. He came to Shekou with great hope, hoping to achieve something in his prime, but unexpectedly he was replaced just as his career in Minghua ship had started. His painful feeling was conceivable.<br />
<br />
他平静下来，和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。 <br />
<br />
He calmed down and talked to me about the situation before and after the opening of Minghua ship.<br />
<br />
王潮梁是1983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经理的。11月22日，明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平，道路未修好，上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上，工作量都很大。12月1日晚上，董事会决定1984年1月15日试开张，2月1日正式开张。 <br />
<br />
On November 19, 1983, Wang Chaoliang was appointed as the general manager by the board of directors of Sea World Corporation Limited. On November 22, the Minghua ship was towed to its present location. At that time, the beach had not been filled in and the road had not been built, so it was necessary to take a small boat to board the ship. The workload on the ship and on the shore was huge. On the evening of December 1, the board of directors decided to have a soft opening on January 15, 1984, and officially open it on February 1.<br />
<br />
袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会，每次打长途电话来必问明华轮。12月初，他从北京回来了，看到开张准备工作不太理想，十分焦急。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was extremely concerned about the opening of Minghua ship. He was in Beijing for a meeting, and every time he made a long-distance call, he asked about Minghua ship. In early December, he came back from Beijing and was very anxious after seeing that the preparations for the opening were not good enough.<br />
<br />
管委会组干处的袁复兴，每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上，他跑到明华轮附近时，大约6点钟光景，四下无人，只见袁庚独自站在海滩边，竖起呢子大衣的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风，默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织干部，知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚，继续沿着海边跑去。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Fuxing of the Management Committee's Division of Organizing Cadres started to run at 5 o'clock every morning. On the morning of the 7th, when he ran to the vicinity of the Minghua Ship, at about 6 o'clock, there was no one around, only to see Yuan Geng standing alone by the beach, who turned up the collar of his wool coat to break the icy wind, and silently looked at the Minghua ship. The organization cadre, who understood Yuan Geng's character well, knew that Yuan Dong was dissatisfied with the progress of the work. He didn't disturb Yuan Geng and continued to run along the seashore.<br />
<br />
当天傍晚，袁庚又来到明华轮附近，正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗立和秘书俞奇。 <br />
<br />
In the evening of that day, Yuan Geng came to the vicinity of the Minghua Ship again, meeting General Manager Wang Chaoliang, Vice General Manager Hu Zongli and his secretary Yu Qi.<br />
<br />
“你们准备几时开张？”袁庚单刀直入，问王潮梁。 <br />
<br />
"When are you going to open?" Yuan Geng asked Wang Chaoliang in a straightforward manner.<br />
<br />
“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。 <br />
<br />
"We are going to open on February 1." Wang Chaoliang replied.<br />
<br />
“我和你没有共同语言！”袁庚不留情面地说。 <br />
<br />
"I have no common language with you!" Yuan Geng said bluntly.<br />
<br />
“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。 <br />
<br />
"He's just been in office for more than half a month..." The secretary Yu Qi said carefully.<br />
<br />
“我不管！他是总经理我就找他！”袁庚一甩手，愤然转身走去，几个人紧紧跟在后边。走到海景餐厅门口，袁庚站定，继续说： <br />
<br />
"I don't care! Because he is the general manager, I must talk to him!" Yuan Geng flung his hand, turned around and walked away indignantly, with several people following closely behind. Walking to the door of the sea-view restaurant, Yuan Geng stood still and continued to say:<br />
<br />
“干工作，就要呕心沥血，全力以赴，不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急，你们不急吗？” <br />
<br />
"We have to spare no pains and make all-out effort to work, and can't drag our feet. As an old man, I am very anxious. Aren't you guys not anxious?"<br />
<br />
“袁董，我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。 <br />
<br />
"Chairman Yuan, that was exactly what I did." Wang Chaoliang said this in a way neither servile nor overbearing.<br />
<br />
“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了，同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张，可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号，再过8天，12月15号，必须部分开张。” <br />
<br />
"I know you work hard. But it's too late to open in February, comrade! You can't just open it after everything is done. You can open it partially. Today is December 7, and eight days later, on December 15, it must be partially opened."<br />
<br />
“我们一定做到！”王潮梁立即表态，同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿），双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去，态度已经缓和了，对着女秘书俞奇说：”小俞，吃得消吗？你父亲有没有这样骂过你？” <br />
<br />
"We will do it!" Wang Chaoliang immediately commit himself, took out the "Business plan of Sea World Corporation Limited" (discussion draft) drafted by the deputy general manager Hu Zongli, and presented it to Yuan Geng with both hands. When Yuan Geng took it, he softened, saying to the female secretary Yu Qi, "Yu, can you bear it? Has your father ever scolded you like this?"<br />
<br />
父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
<br />
Yu Qi, whose father was the director of a provincial cultural bureau, had seen leading cadres with all kinds of temperaments and was not nervous: <br />
<br />
“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
<br />
"There is nothing I can't bear. But my father was not too fierce."<br />
<br />
当天晚上，袁庚几乎彻夜不眠，仔细审阅了《经营方案》，就在方案上面大笔挥洒，写了一个长长的批语： <br />
<br />
That night, Yuan Geng almost stayed up all night, carefully reviewing the "business plan" and writing a long remark on it with a stroke of the pen:<br />
<br />
“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全，什么都搞好了再开张，因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为，不要等什么条件都具备才开始营业，早点开业可以逐步改善，逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的才开业，恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的，把企业成败当成个人成败，呕心沥血，全力以赴，搞好经营作风，服务一流，哪怕一时赚不了钱，也是可以允许的，谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的，蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样一个‘海上世界’，这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异彩。对经理人员我是信任的，应给予他们更大自主权，以便于发挥他们的群策群カ的创新和负责精神，让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧，要支持，不要一遇挫折就泼冷水。 <br />
<br />
"This report and analysis are basically scientific. But the Management Department always want to make everything perfect, and open it when everything is done, so they postponed the opening until next February (Spring Festival). I personally think that we should not wait for all conditions to open. If opening early, they can gradually improve it and practice. ... If they think that everything has to be done properly before opening, I am afraid that it will never be perfect and they have to prepare for a loss for six months. People should have a little spirit. Even if they can't earn money for a period, it can be acceptable to take the success or failure of the enterprise as personal success or failure, spare no pains, make all-out effort, do a good job in management style, and provide a first-class service. No one is sure that he must make money. But there is one thing I always believe, Shekou Industrial Zone needs such a 'sea world' like Minghua ship, which can add a different color to Shekou for the whole country. I trust the managers, and they should be given greater autonomy in order to make use of innovations from their collective wisdom and efforts and responsible spirits. Let these young people make their own way. We have to support them, not pour cold water when they meet setbacks.<br />
<br />
“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够，则应加以鼓励、批评。 <br />
<br />
"But sometimes they are helpless in the face of difficulties or lack the determination and courage to overcome difficulties, and they should be encouraged and criticized.<br />
<br />
“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了，一直抓得不紧，没有一种紧迫感，现场冷冷清清，船上、地上工程进度慢，互相埋怨，人事部门在调人方面不够有力，董事会有时处于无人拍板的状态...... <br />
<br />
"It has been half a month since the Minghua ship sat on the beach, they have not held on tightly without a sense of urgency. The site is deserted, and the progress of works on the ship and ground is slow. They complain to each other. The personnel department is not strong enough in transferring people. The board of directors sometimes doesn't have one man who can finally decide...<br />
<br />
“明华轮工程和全面工作，我感到很难过，和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪，可能他们年轻人受不了，但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作，争取早日部分开业……” <br />
<br />
"I feel very sad about the project and the comprehensive work of Minghua Ship, so I was excited when I talked to people in Management Department. As the young people, perhaps they could not stand it, but they all said afterward that they must catch up on preparations on the ship and strive for partial opening as soon as possible..."<br />
<br />
第二天上午，招商局远洋公司总经理江波，根据袁庚批语，组织有关部门开联席会议，落实了12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的一星期。 <br />
<br />
The next morning, the general manager of China Merchants Group Ocean Shipping Company, Jiang Bo, according to Yuan Geng's remark, organized a joint meeting of the relevant departments, confirming the specific measures for the opening on December 15. Then came a week of intense work around the clock.<br />
<br />
12月15日，明华轮准备好了50间客房，袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备情况，表示满意。12月16日，第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日，公司董事长王今贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。 <br />
<br />
On December 15, 50 rooms were ready for Minghua Ship. Yuan Geng, Jiang Bo and Wang Jingui went on board to check the preparations for the opening and expressed their satisfaction. On December 16, the first guests boarded the ship for accommodation. On December 23, Wang Jingui, the chairman of the company, hosted a banquet for foreign guests and Hong Kong businessmen in the industrial zone in the ballroom of Minghua Ship.<br />
<br />
1984年1月26日，邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮，在船上用午餐和休息，听取了袁庚的汇报，邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬四海。 <br />
<br />
On January 26, 1984, Deng Xiaoping and other leading comrades of the Central Committee boarded Minghua Ship, having lunch and resting on board, and listening to Yuan Geng's report. Deng Xiaoping happily wrote an inscription of "Sea World". Then Minghua Ship became famous all over the world.<br />
<br />
王潮梁承认，如果不是袁庚抓得紧，明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来，但他的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托，他总是觉得委屈。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang admitted that if Yuan Geng had not held on tightly, Minghua Ship could not receive Deng Xiaoping and other comrades on January 26. He greatly admired Yuan Geng's strategic vision. Yuan Geng certainly didn't know in advance that Comrade Deng Xiaoping would come, but his sense of urgency was entirely correct. Wang Chaoliang, however, thought he had never failed Yuan Geng's commission, so he always felt wronged.<br />
<br />
“你现在筹备第二民航的工作，不是比明华轮更重要吗？可见袁庚还是信任你的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的，王潮梁作为招商局的代表参加筹备工作。 <br />
<br />
"You are preparing for the Second Civil Aviation. Isn't it more important than Minghua ship? It shows that Yuan Geng trusts you." The Second Civil Aviation was initiated by the China Merchants Hong Kong and Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces and Wang Chaoliang participated in the preparations as a representative of the Merchants Group.<br />
<br />
“当然，第二民航如果搞起来，比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我下来时并没说调我干这个，如果这样说我一点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7日オ交给我的。” <br />
<br />
"Of course, if the Second Civil Aviation is started, it will be many times more important than Minghua Ship. But I was not asked to do this when I was told to come down on April 11. If so, I have no opinion at all. This task was given to me on May 7."<br />
<br />
“说不说都一样，反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的？” <br />
<br />
"It's the same whether he said it or not. Anyway, he told you to do it. What did Yuan Geng say to you at that time?"<br />
<br />
“他说：’你的工作调整以后，我们一直在考虑新的工作，现在叫你去筹备第二民航，如果你愿意干，就先出去跑一趟。’” <br />
<br />
"He said, 'After your job was adjusted, we have been considering a new job for you. Now you are called to prepare the Second Civil Aviation. If you are willing to do it, you can go.'"<br />
<br />
“他用了’调整’这个词，可见不是’解聘’，更不是’撤职’。你要想开点，高姿态，不要老是计较。” <br />
<br />
"He used the word ‘adjust', not ‘dismiss', and not ‘remove'. You should take it easy, have a lofty stance, and don't care too much about it."<br />
<br />
“第二民航现在以民航局为主，恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部培训班学员，抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。” <br />
<br />
"The Second Civil Aviation now focuses on the Civil Aviation Administration. I'm afraid it is not impossible. Recently students of the third training course for business management cadres will be recruited, which draws me to take a key admission team to the northwest and southwest."<br />
<br />
“这更说明对你的信任，高兴地去吧，别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。 <br />
<br />
"This further shows that he trusts you. Go happily. Don't think so much." I advised him like his old friend.<br />
<br />
王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵，我开始怀疑，是不是袁庚用错人了？袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人，用错个把人也不奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang set out. But my ears were filled with criticism on Zheng Yi, the new general manager of Minghua Ship, and I began to wonder if Yuan Geng used the wrong person? Yuan Geng was also a vivid and substantial person, so it was not strange to use the wrong person. But the Minghua Ship mattered greatly... I decided to board on Minghua ship to visit the 24-year-old general manager.<br />
<br />
十六、年轻的总经理 <br />
<br />
ⅩⅥ. The Young General Manager<br />
<br />
一天下午，我走上明华轮最高一层，敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外两间，外间是秘书俞奇的办公室，里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕，他穿一件花格子上衣，戴着近视眼镜，面孔白皙，还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的记者证，他对俞奇说： <br />
<br />
One afternoon, I walked up to the top floor of Minghua Ship and knocked on the door of the general manager's office. This office was divided into two rooms, the outer room and the inner room. The outer one was the office of Secretary Yu Qi, and the inner one was the office of the general manager and deputy general manager. The person who opened the door was exactly Zheng Yi. He wore a plaid jacket, a pair of spectacles with a fair face, and hadn't taken off the look of a university student. After looking at my press card, he said to Yu Qi:<br />
<br />
“我有些事要处理，你先接待一下。” <br />
<br />
"I have some things to deal with. You receive him first."<br />
<br />
说罢走进里间，把门关上了。 <br />
<br />
Then he walked into the inner room and closed the door.<br />
<br />
“好大的架子！”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈，在低头赶写着什么。我只好坐在沙发上等待。<br />
<br />
"How arrogant he was!" I thought to myself. Yu Qi didn't talk to me immediately, and she was writing something with his head down. I had to sit on the sofa and wait.<br />
<br />
约莫过了半小时，俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同志，显得老成持重，也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务，希望从他们这个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。 <br />
<br />
About half an hour before Yu Qi politely talked to me. This was a 30-year-old woman, looking experienced and prudent, who was also a graduate from Tsinghua University. I explained the task of writing Yuan Geng, hoping to understand the problem of Yuan Geng's choice on personnel from their point of view.<br />
<br />
她是非常敏感的，马上对我说： <br />
<br />
She was very sensitive and immediately said to me,<br />
<br />
“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错，也认为他是个很好的同志，他热情、正派，工作积极，群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重，优柔寡断，缺乏魄カ，管理跟不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断，换上郑奕，这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年轻，却很有魄カ，有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了工资制度，取消了基本工资，完全实行职务工资，扩大了差别，更能调动干部和工人的积极性。有人对这个改革有不同看法，但袁董是支持的，他说为什么不可以试一试呢。” <br />
<br />
"I personally have a good relationship with the former general manager Wang Chaoliang, and also think he is a very good comrade. He is enthusiastic, decent, active in work, and has good relations with the masses. But his artistic temperament is too heavy. He is indecisive, lack of courage, and his management can not keep up with the development of the situation. Chairman Yuan made a quick decision to replace him with Zheng Yi, which was right. Though this general manager is young, he is very bold, with a quality of managing talents. His proud work after taking office was the reform of the wage system, which abolished the basic salary and completely implemented the post wage, expanding the difference and better mobilizing the enthusiasm of cadres and workers. Some people had different views on this reform, but Chairman Yuan supported it and said why not have a try."<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来，只听俞奇说： <br />
<br />
At this time Zheng Yi made a phone call from the inner room, only to hear Yu Qi say,<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的，你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释，“郑奕认为明华轮的经验不成熟，不接待记者采访，你要写袁董，等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来。 <br />
<br />
"He is here to write about Yuan Dong. You can talk with him." Then he explained to me, "Zheng Yi thinks that the experience of Minghua Ship is not mature, so he does not accept journalists to interview. But you want to write about Yuan Dong, he will talk with you later." Then we talked about Yuan Geng again.<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题，比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮，并且急于开张呢？他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂，规模都不大，没有太大的发展，如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地，发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点，必须能留住石油公司的人员，而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南海酒家建成之前，明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮，开业了，管理上不去他也着急。” <br />
<br />
"When Chairman Yuan considers problems, he stands higher than us. Why did he insist on buying Minghua Ship, and was eager to open it? He considered it from the perspective of the south sea's oil. The existing factories in the industrial zone are not large in scale and do not have much development. If we can strive to become the logistical base of the south sea's oil, it will have a promising future. To do this, we have to be able to retain the personnel of the oil company, and a few hotels and restaurants before were far from enough. Before the South Sea Restaurant is built, Minghua Ship can play a great role. So Chairman Yuan attaches great importance to the Minghua Ship. After its opening, he is also anxious when the management is not good."<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象，是坦率，不是傲慢。 <br />
<br />
Zheng Yi finally opened the door and invited me in. At this time the impression he gave me was frank, not arrogant.<br />
<br />
“这是一个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说，“但是我不是一个合格的经理，我随时准备下台。我干不好会下台，干好了，也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现在人们能够容忍我，但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。” <br />
<br />
"It's an attractive position." He said with a smile, "But I'm not a qualified manager, and I'm ready to step down at any time. I will step down if I don't do a good job, and if I do a good job, I will also step down by the necessity of some kind of struggle. Maybe people can tolerate me now, but I don't know how far they will tolerate me."<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
I began to have a good impression of him. After all, he was only 24 years old, the same age as my oldest son, so it was not surprising that he had some shortcomings.<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下，但由于我们的体制关系，根本做不到。现在我们就是要真正做到这一点，这就是改革。上和下，有时可能处理得不够恰当，下去的也必然会有痛苦，但是这种改革的方向是对的，必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个从香港请来的房务部总经理，他每月工资6000元港币，工作上没犯任何错误，但是我把他辞退了，唯一的原因是他不会笑！他整天板着面孔，阴阳怪气的，干别的可能无关紧要，在总台这个位子就不行，客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他，他没有任何意见，说走就走，通过他的朋友问他，也说没意见。在他看来，这很简单，我不能使总经理满意，我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志，可不得了，会同你纠缠不清。隔一个罗湖桥，观念就有这么大的差别。” <br />
<br />
"We used to say that cadres are able to take a lower as well as a higher post, but because of our system, we simply couldn't do it. Now we are going to really do that, and that is the reform. Lower and higher, sometimes it may not be handled properly, and those who go down will inevitably be painful. But this reform is in the right direction and must be adhered to. I recently sacked a general manager of the housing department who was hired from Hong Kong. He was paid HK$6,000 a month and didn't make any mistakes in his work. But I sacked him for the sole reason that he couldn't smile! He kept a straight face all day long and looked unfriendly. It probably doesn't matter in other positions, except at the front desk, because the guests will think you're being rude to him. I dismissed him, and he did not have any problem, leaving without delay. When I asked him through his friends, he also had no problem. In his opinion, it was very simple. If he could not make the general manager satisfied, he should go. This was how people in Hong Kong think. If it was our comrade, he would have many opinions. Just a Luohu Bridge away, there is such a big difference in ideas."<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感，简直有点欣赏了。 <br />
<br />
I not only had a good impression of him, but simply a little appreciation.<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理，希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国，既严格又有人情味的管理制度，搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败，失败了会得到教训，这也是一笔财富。当然，我有许多缺点，正如袁庚也有缺点，这可能是造成失败的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败，失败了影响可太大了。” <br />
<br />
"I want to exercise strict management, hoping to establish a set of management systems, which is different from Japan and the United States, and is strict and impersonal. I want to rule them by law instead of man. I am experimenting. The experiment may fail, and we will learn from the failure, which is also a fortune. Of course, I have many shortcomings, just as Yuan Geng also has shortcomings, which may be the cause of the failure. Yuan Geng's shortcomings could have been disastrous for Shekou. We do our best to avoid failure, which would have a great impact."<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏，简直有点佩服了。 <br />
<br />
I didn't just appreciate him, and I simply admired him a bit.<br />
<br />
“对一些事情，我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华苑酒家，是袁庚的主意，我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我，不要害怕资本家赚钱，这当然是对的，但是港商的重点在华苑酒家，我们这里只能是陪衬，华苑吃肉这里啃骨头，是不可能搞好的。” <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng and I also have different views on some things. For example, it was Yuan Geng's idea to contract our Chinese restaurant to Huayuan Restaurant invested by Hong Kong businessmen, and I still have a different view. He called me to tell me not to be afraid of capitalists making money, which is of course right, but the focus of Hong Kong businessmen is Huayuan Restaurant, we can only serve as a foil. It is impossible to do well that Huayuan eats meat while people gnaw bones here."<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人，对这种不同意见不一定会接受，却不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。 <br />
<br />
He was really sharp-minded. Yuan Geng didn't like yesmen. He would not necessarily accept this different opinion, but would not care about it. Zheng Yi was lucky.<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了，我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一个特色，一个服务，抓好这两条，我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地，在上海、广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。” <br />
<br />
"Some people say that once the South Sea Restaurant opens, Minghua Ship will be done for. I do not think so. It can not replace the Minghua Ship. One is characteristic, and the other is service. If we do well in these two, we will have a great future. I also want to take it to the mainland, setting up it in Shanghai, Guangzhou and other cities. Tourism can not be limited to one place."<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说：是一个经理人才！ <br />
<br />
I said to myself: he was an inborn manager!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候，我说找一天去他家里拜访，他表示欢迎。 <br />
<br />
When I left, I said I would visit him at home one day, and he welcomed me.<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法，便访问了工业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。 <br />
<br />
I also wanted to know what the Organization Department thought of him, so I visited Yu Dehai, a member of the Party Committee of the industrial zone, deputy secretary of the Disciplinary Inspection Committee and director of the Division of Organizing Cadres, and Yuan Fuxing, who was in charge of cadre allocation.<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性，我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海，原是个工程师，担任工业区最早开工的中宏制氧厂厂长数年，治厂有方，以致香港资本家撤回了全部港方人员，把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委，管干部。我至今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好，大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法，他认为两人各有所长，郑奕更有魄カ，王潮梁群众关系好，在管理比较混乱的情况下，换上郑奕是对的，组干处是同意的，党委会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀，对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个工人，虞德海颇不以为然：“我对郑奕说，我在制氧厂几年，没开除一个工人，工厂照样管得很好。” <br />
<br />
I had no doubt about the party spirit of these two comrades. The 39-year-old Yu Dehai, a former engineer, had been the director of the Zhonghong Oxygen Factory, the first factory constructed in the industrial zone, for several years, and ruled the factory so well that the Hong Kong capitalists withdrew all the personnel from Hong Kong and gave him enormous power of the factory. "I never dreamed of letting me into the party committee and manage the cadres. I have not even entered the door of Yuan Geng's house so far. If I can't do it well, I can go back to being an engineer at the worst." I believed the sincerity of his confession. Talking about the views on Zheng Yi and Wang Chaoliang, he believed that the two had their own strengths. Zheng Yi had more courage, and Wang Chaoliang had good relations with the masses. Under the conditions of confusion in management, replacing him with Zheng Yi was right, the Division of Organizing Cadres agreed it, and the party committee also unanimously approved. But Wang Chaoliang's contributions could not be wiped out, he was still important. Yu Dehai didn't approve that Zheng Yi dismissed a few workers: "I said to Zheng Yi that when I worked in the oxygen factory for several years, I didn't dismiss a single worker, and the factory was still managed very well."<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了，由于坚持体育锻炼，加上生就一张娃娃脸，看上去像二十几岁的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业，在兰州大学教过几年书。1980年，一些学生竞选人民代表，说过一些过头话，后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生，他在系里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候一些政工干部跃跃欲试，以为五七年又来了，又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生，他们都是平时最用功读书的，有的还是三好学生。他们读书多，接触外国资料多，忧国忧民，为我们国家着急，难免说一些过头话，但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好！难怪他来蛇口以后，一直让他做干部工作。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Fuxing was 36 years old, and because he insisted on physical exercise and had a baby face, he looked like a young man in his twenties. He graduated from Zhejiang University with a degree in computer science and taught at Lanzhou University for a few years. In 1980, some students ran for people's representatives and made some offensive remarks. Later, he was the first to stand up and speak for the students in the department when they suffered injustice in graduation assignment. "At that time, some political cadres primed for action, thinking that 1957 was coming again and they were going to arrest the rightists again. I knew those students best. They were the most diligent students, and some of them were also the three-good students. They read a lot, had more access to foreign materials, worried about the country and the people, and were anxious for our country, so it was inevitable to say some offensive remarks, but I could guarantee that none of them aimed to be anti-party and anti-socialist." Well said! No wonder he had been allowed to do cadre work since he came to Shekou.<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时，首先征求了袁复兴的意见。 <br />
<br />
When Yuan Geng considered replacing Wang Chaoliang with Zheng Yi, he first asked for Yuan Fuxing's opinion.<br />
<br />
“从为人的角度讲，郑不管三七二十一，不讲情面；王讲情面，现在船员还说他好。但是我们要靠法治，不能讲个人感情。王用人不当，班子不团结，有的他重用的人在背后拆他的台，该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部，当过地区的剧团团长和电影公司经理，很有能力，和王的关系也不错，却卖了3个月的电子游戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理，却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志，他同情王潮梁，不愿留在明华轮，调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他才42岁，据说郑奕说他年龄大了，不想用他，没有把他留住，真是可惜。 <br />
<br />
"From the perspective of being a person, Zheng, in spite of anything, hasn't no consideration for others' feelings; Wang cares about them, and now the crew still say he is good. But we have to rely on the rule of law, not personal feelings. Wang appointed inadequate people, and the team was not united. Some people who he valued cut the ground from under his feet behind his back, and he didn't use the people who should be used. For example, a cadres transferred from Huiyang, who had been the head of a regional theater and the manager of a film company, very capable and had a good relationship with Wang, but he sold video game machine's chips for three months. Wang wanted to ask him to be the manager of the entertainment department, but hesitated to make up his mind." I knew this comrade. He sympathized with Wang Chaoliang and did not want to stay in Minghua Ship, so he was transferred to Shenzhen Television as the head of the Personnel Section. He was only 42 years old. But it was said that Zheng Yi said he was old and did not want to use him. It was a pity to let him go.<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派，办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成，还要分配合适的工作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣，副总经理人选我们正在考虑，王也是考虑的对象之一。 <br />
<br />
"But Wang Chaoliang is warm, decent, and has many ideas. If the Second Civil Aviation can't be done, we still have to allocate him a right job. The general manager of South Sea Restaurant is dispatched by the management in Hong Kong, and we are considering the people for the vice general manager. Wang is also one of the objects of consideration.<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗，现在实践证明他工作开展起来了，7月份收支平衡了，能否成长起来，有待他自己总结经验教训。不怕犯错误，老干部也犯过错误。 <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng is far-sighted to train Zheng Yi. We were worried about Zheng too at first, and now the practice has proven. His work is carried out, and income and expenses are in balance in July. Whether he can grow up, he needs to learn from his own experiences. Don't be afraid to make mistakes. The old cadres have also made mistakes.<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上，教练说4号下7号上，他并不是认为4号不行，可能是要试试7号投篮准不准，弹跳カ好不好……” <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng stresses that sometimes we need to use cadres as a team coach. On the court, when the coach said 4 off and 7 on, he does not think 4 is not good, and maybe he wants to try if 7 can shoot well or not and has a good leaping ability or not..."<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在一次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部能上能下，变成正常的。今天你干这个经理，明天你下来让别人上去，是正常的，但是我们许多人把这看作不正常，把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。” <br />
<br />
That was an interesting analogy. I remembered that Yuan Geng also talked about this point in a speech. "We have to make it normal that cadres are able to take a lower as well as a higher post. Today you work as the manager, and tomorrow you come down to let others go up, which is normal. But many of us see this as abnormal. Turning something abnormal into normal is reform."<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想，觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像，两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说，袁庚不也是一个教练吗？这个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事，说明了袁庚对郑奕的严格。 <br />
<br />
I suddenly had a strange association, thinking Yuan Geng and women's volleyball coach Yuan Weimin looked a bit similar. The two faces were superimposed in my brain. In a sense, wasn't Yuan Geng also a coach? This coach was strict with his players. One thing that both Yu Dehai and Yuan Fuxing told me illustrated how strict Yuan Geng was with Zheng Yi.<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计，郑奕和他谈了一次话，认为他是个管理人才，就决定叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意，认为工业区正需要财会人员，便推荐另一个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通，跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。袁庚说：“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问：“你们到底相不相信我？”袁庚严肃地说：“既相信你，又不相信你。相信你，所以叫你当总经理；不相信你，就是不知道你能不能当好，所以要继续考核你，天天看你的报表，看你营业的情况，看你在群众中的威信如何。” <br />
<br />
There was an accountant from Shanghai. Zheng Yi talked with him once and thought he was a management talent, so he decided to ask him to be the manager of the Minghua Ship‘s shopping mall. But the Division of Organizing Cadres did not agree, who thought that the industrial zone was in need of accounting personnel, and then recommended another comrade from the training course for business management cadres. Zheng Yi didn't understand and ran to the management committee to find Yuan Geng and Yu Dehai. Yuan Geng said, "In the cadre issue, you have to listen to the Division of Organizing Cadres." Zheng Yi asked, "Do you believe me or not?" Yuan Geng said seriously, "Believe in you and do not believe in you. We believe you, so ask you to be the general manager; we do not believe you, because we do not know whether you can do it well, so we have to continue to test you, viewing your reports every day, seeing your business conditions, and seeing how about your prestige in the masses."<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了，接受了组干处推荐的那个同志，实践证明，他干得很好。郑奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说：“道什么歉呢？这是正常的工作。” <br />
<br />
Later Zheng Yi understood, accepting the comrade recommended by the Division of Organizing Cadres. The practice proved that he did a good job. Zheng Yi then went to apologize to Yu Dehai. Yu Dehai said, “You don't need to apologize. This is normal work."<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上，袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指名），并且上升到理论的高度说：”我们的干部，没有绝对的责任，也就没有绝对的权カ。道理很简单，资本家的企业，他负有绝对的责任，也拥有全部的权カ。因为财产是他的，因此他有全部的责任，这个企业破产了，他全家上吊自杀。但是我们的企业是国家的财产，是全民所有制的财产，当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候，不应该给个人绝对的权カ，用人必须通过人事部门，因为党的组织部门对整个干部队伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的，怎样才能发挥干部的积极性，使他们有权、有责、有利，这个问题还没有完全解决。” <br />
<br />
In the Economic Seminar of Part Coastal Open Cities, Yuan Geng mentioned this matter again in his speech (of course not named), and rose it to theoretical level that, "Our cadres don't have absolute responsibility, so they don't have absolute power. The reason is simple. The capitalist has absolute responsibility, and has all the power in his enterprise. Because the property belongs to him, therefore he has full responsibility. When this enterprise goes bankrupt, his whole family hang themselves. But our enterprise is the property of the state, the property of the ownership by the whole people. When the rights, responsibilities and benefits are not yet very clear, we should not give the individuals absolute power, and the employment must be approved by the personnel department, because the party's organization department has to understand the situation of the whole cadre team. This controversy is happened recently, and the question of how to give full play to the initiative of cadres and give them rights, responsibilitities and benefits, has not been fully resolved."<br />
<br />
一个星期六的晚上，我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚才搬来的，客厅里什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座，显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介绍说：“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星电子工程公司经理陈钢，26岁；矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏，25岁，都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起”教练”的比喻，下意识地把他们比作了运动员，心里为他们祝福：但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌！ <br />
<br />
One Saturday evening, I paid a rash visit to Zheng Yi's new house. He moved in recently when he got married, and there was nothing furnished in the living room. Two young people I hadn't seen before were there, and it was obvious that I came at an awkward time. Zheng Yi smiled and said, "They are both managers. We can start a manager's club." The tall man was Chen Gang, 26 years old, the manager of the newly established Silver Star Electronic Engineering Company; the short man was Zhu Jiajun, 25 years old, who took Zheng Yi's shift as the manager of Shanghai Restaurant. They were both university graduates marjoying in automatic control. I thought of the analogy of "coach", subconsciously compared them to athletes, and blessed them in my heart: Hope you win the gold medal in the arena of economic construction!<br />
<br />
他们有事，郑奕答应下星期一晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。 <br />
<br />
They had things to do, and Zheng Yi promised to come to my room at 7:30 p.m. next Monday.<br />
<br />
星期一晚上7点10分，郑奕匆匆赶来：“真对不起，今晚有事，咱们改天再谈吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去，见他钻进一辆米黄色工具车，一开动就飞驰而去，这人开车也有性格。我知道，”开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论的话题之一，也许一个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来越多的。 <br />
<br />
At 7:10 p.m. on Monday night, Zheng Yi hurriedly came, "I'm really sorry. I have things to do tonight. Let's talk about it another day." Then he hurried away. I stood in the corridor and looked down, seeing him get into a beige tool car, which sped away as soon as it started. He also had characer when he was driving. I knew that "driving around in a car" was one of the topics people talked about. Perhaps only the manager who was not able to drive a car could really keep his nose clean. But the managers who could drive would definitely be more and more.<br />
<br />
第二天晚上，郑奕冒着雨来了。 <br />
<br />
The next night, Zheng Yi came though the rain.<br />
<br />
“昨天失约，是因为要和娱乐部几十个职工到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另一些人去的，因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我，要和他们建立感情，让他们从心里爱这个企业，怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说，干这些事是不会有人说的。” <br />
<br />
"I broke the appointment yesterday because I had to have a barbecue at Xiangmi Lake with dozens of workers from the entertainment department. Tonight I had planned to go with some other people, but it was rescheduled because of the rain. I can't let workers always afraid of me, and should build relationships with them, to let them love this enterprise from the heart, and worry about being fired from here. People say I fire workers, but don't say I do these things."<br />
<br />
我说：“要让工人有主人翁感，既尊敬你，又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。 <br />
<br />
I said, "You have to make the workers have a sense of ownership. They not only respect you, but feel equal to you in personality." He agreed. Then the conversation turned to the business management.<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了，我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下，不问就不予理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务，其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发展问题。我正在和香港一个财团谈判，引进大量资金搞一个大型海上游乐场，请你暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目，那真是非常可观的，如能谈成，明华轮一带海面将成为真正的“海上世界”。“上海设点的谈判已经成功了，过几天我就到上海去签订合同，广州也要搞，许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……” <br />
<br />
"There's so much talk about me, which I don't have time to think. If I am asked about some things, I will explain and if I am not asked, I will ignore them. Now I deal with routine matters from 8 to 9 a.m. after starting a day's work, and spend the remaining seven hours thinking about the development in the next few years. I am negotiating with a consortium in Hong Kong to bring in a large amount of money to build a large sea amusement park, please keep it a secret for the moment." He said a number of investment, what was very considerable. If the deal was done, the sea area around the Minghua ship would become a real "sea world". "The negotiation on setting up business in Shanghai has been successful. I will go to Shanghai in a few days to sign the contract, and Guangzhou will also be engaged, and many cities will be engaged. There is no point in running just one ship..."<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝，我听得津津有味。我联想到一些人，觉得他属于优点和缺点都比较突出的那一类人物。在这里，这种人受到重用，得到帮助，能够开创新的局面；在另一些地方，他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。 <br />
<br />
He talked endlessly, and I listened with relish. I associated him with some people, thinking he was one of those people whose strengths and weaknesses were both prominent. This kind of people were valued here, got help and could create new situations here; in other places, their situation was not so wonderful. I increasingly felt that Yuan Geng was precious.<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾 <br />
<br />
XVII. Boiling Blood<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月，和袁庚交谈了不到一个小时，他的儿女则始终未能交谈，因此对他的家庭生活了解太少，未免遗憾。 <br />
<br />
After a month in Shekou, I talked to Yuan Geng for less than an hour, and I could not talk with his children, so I knew little about his family life. It was a little pity.<br />
<br />
有一个年轻人对我说：“袁中印谈过许多情况，袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下，他说，“你找袁中印谈吧，我这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了，我不能老在这儿等他。 <br />
<br />
A young man said to me, "Yuan Zhongyin has talked a lot information, and Yuan Geng's family life is very interesting." I asked him to introduce it, and he said, "You can talk to Yuan Zhongyin, and what I have is the second-hand material." But Yuan Zhongyin was away in business, and I couldn't keep waiting for him here.<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女，我猜想就是袁庚的弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命，一个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸死，这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我，可惜我不会讲客家话，只好笑而告退。 <br />
<br />
I once knocked on the door of Yuan Zhongyin's house. The person who opened the door was a Hakka woman in her 60s, who I guessed was Yuan Geng's sister-in-law. Yuan Geng brought two brothers out to participate in the revolution. A younger brother was killed by a Japanese aircraft during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and this sister-in-law had been living in Yuan's house. The old man greeted me warmly, but unfortunately, I could not speak Hakka, so I had to leave with a smile.<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=155827Report CN EN 032023-06-13T14:24:28Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：10.热血男儿Hot-blooded Man */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情Obsession==<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with Long Hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies were always covered; whereas in the West, people loved nudity, which seemed to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个ー丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there was a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush and painting a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting was not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, had you ever thought that some of us would cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us would stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, would come like snowflakes. You might even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Were you fearless, or seized by a whim? You were out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he was painting.<br />
<br />
他站在一间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着一支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着ー张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stood in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looked disheveled, and his bosom was stained with different colors. His hair was long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there was a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exactly did you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound Train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it was today. The platforms were clean, the corridors were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the regions south of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North…<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像一块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, and cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man--that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes…"<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me…"<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows — the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"On a business trip? Or visit family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student at Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone…"<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What…"<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break…"<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man!"<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. The resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
"So I don't understand art…"<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多少欢聚与悲离的 故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉一线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小伙子,而是一个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
During the long journey, as the young people of the same generation, it was the fate to meet each other in this running train! In life, many stories of reunion and departure were drawn by the heavy line across the land! The girl was close to the small table by the window, resting her chin in the hand, listening to the young man talk, and watching his expression. It seemed that he was not a young guy, but a strong and confident man. Calculating his age, he was even a few years older than the girl. Why did he give that illusion before? Alas, the age of men was really hard to guess...<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为一个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是一个有抱负、有才华的人!”<br />
<br />
Out of the female’s sensitivity, the girl suddenly felt shy and embarrassed. The condescending arrogance that she had just showed was now reversed and replaced by her hazy admiration. The girl looked at the painter's dress again, and the non-matching colors of black and red were not so conspicuous. Although the painter's cotton jacket was still so black, the collar of the underwear was still so crooked, and the hair was still so disheveled, in the eyes of the girl, they all became the evidence that the young man was a bachelor who was immersed in art and had no time to take care of himself, which touched the girl's heart of compassion: "It seems that he is an ambitious and talented man!"<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
The painter took out his drawing board, spread the paper and said to the girl, "Please allow me to make a sketch of you."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
The girl nodded her head.<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简直像一个拙笨的新手。好半天,才抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
The painter drew very slowly, feeling ill at ease. The more he tried to draw well, the more nervous he became, and the brush was out of control. He was like a clumsy novice. After a long time, he apologized and said, "Sorry, I didn’t draw well…"<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来一看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会”了画家的灵犀。<br />
<br />
When the girl took it and looked, two red clouds rose on her cheeks. This sketch was not as good as the one of the mechanic, and those rigid lines were flaws of the work. To say it bluntly, she looked uglier in the painting than she really was. Is that what I look like? The girl had a reason to make a protest. However, she understood and forgave the painter with a sweet smile. Honestly, she didn't even want to see him too calm, too relaxed, like facing the model in the studio. The girl no longer regarded "resemblance in appearance" as so important, and she “understood tacitly” the painter's spirit.<br />
<br />
画纸的一角是签名和年月——袁运生,画于1964年2月。<br />
<br />
In one corner of the paper were the signature and date--Yuan Yunsheng, painted in February 1964.<br />
<br />
画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "Give it to you."<br />
<br />
姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
<br />
The girl said, "Thank you, I’ll keep it as a memory."<br />
<br />
“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信地址?”<br />
<br />
"You see, I was so careless that I forgot to ask your name." The painter said, "Could you write down your mailing address?"<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
<br />
The girl smiled: "My name is Zhang Lanying." And she wrote down the address on the painter's sketchbook.<br />
<br />
火车抵达浦口,他们已经像一对熟识的老朋友了。从一个艺术型的医学院学生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
<br />
When the train arrived in Pukou, they already looked like two old friends. Many common temperaments could be found between an artistic medical student and a serious artist. The passengers on the same train thought they had known each other for a long time and treated them as a couple, saying goodbye to them with the appellation of “you two”.<br />
<br />
画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空一样清澈,像江水一样深沉……<br />
<br />
The painter sent the girl to the shore of the Yangtze River, a wet wind blowing from the river. It was time to part, and both of them were reluctant to leave. Lanying looked at Yuan Yunsheng with the warm and fond gaze, and that means everything! As clear as the sky, as deep as the river…<br />
<br />
呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江交织起来的一见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
Heh! Pretty girl, you were too sentimental. Did you know him? The story of love at first sight, woven by the main Beijing-Pukou line and the winding Yangtze River, was too indiscreet.<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
<br />
The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River <br />
<br />
在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,一只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认真地涂抹着油彩,画出一个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
<br />
In the days of glorious morning light of the 1950s, a young boy's delicate hand, holding a paintbrush, was earnestly spreading the paint on the linen to draw a little girl with the same earnest expression, who was imitating her sister's movement, tying a bright red scarf around her neck.<br />
<br />
这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐一样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
<br />
This oil painting was sent from Nantong in Jiangsu Province to Beijing as an assignment for applying for the highest academy of arts, presenting the young painter’s sparkling artistic talent and a crystal-clear heart. The title was "Growing up to be like my sister", painted by Yuan Yunsheng.<br />
<br />
看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年除夕送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出一批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的艺术功底。<br />
<br />
When looking at this oil painting, people might think that the painter had a soft and gentle femininity. In fact, he was just the opposite. He was stubborn and unrestrained, like a boisterous colt. His love of painting since childhood was mainly influenced by his father. His father worked in a middle school in Nantong. In his spare time, he enthusiastically collected various fine art works. Every year on the New Year’s Eve, they would bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new, and his father would always hang a number of new paintings on the wall, including Chinese and foreign ones, like a small exhibition, full of the atmosphere of the art salon. The paintings collected at home gave Yuan Yunsheng some enlightenment in art. When he got a little bit older, he went to the Cultural Center in Nantong to participate in activities, attend lectures, learn to sketch, and paint, laying the first foundation of art.<br />
<br />
当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来一副犟脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
<br />
When he applied to the Central Academy of Fine Arts, his father said with worry: "The boy was born with stubbornness, which makes us uneasy."<br />
<br />
哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,一个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人 需要有个性。”<br />
<br />
His brother Yuan Yunfu, who was also involved in fine art, kept cheering him on: "Go ahead. people involved in fine art needs to have a personality."<br />
<br />
1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
<br />
In the summer of 1955, the Central Academy of Fine Arts announced the admission of new students, Yuan Yunsheng ranking the first.<br />
<br />
如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画派。这是19世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画就像一部小说或一出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝圣者像请佛一样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
<br />
If Yuan Yunsheng's work for the entrance examination could be classified as a certain school of art, it would be the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions. It was a progressive school of painting that emerged in Russia in the 19th century. It simulated life, emphasized themes, and focused on plot. A painting was like a novel or a play. It inherited Rembrandt’s tradition of realism and absorbed the Impressionism’s achievements in the use of light and color. After the October Revolution, it enjoyed the supreme position in the Soviet art circle and was invited to China by Chinese pilgrims, like inviting the Buddha. Of course, Yuan Yunsheng, only 17 years old, did not know the essence of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, let alone that the school of art was linked to the school of politics.<br />
<br />
他像奔跑在艺术山野 里的小鹿,一头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
<br />
Like a fawn running in the wilderness of art, he bumped into the arms of Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions.<br />
<br />
袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身 好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件 和艺术才能的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖力气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严格的训练——<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng was highly regarded by the academy. He was born in a good family (it was rare to have such a family background at that time) and excelled in the examination. He sat in the first-year classroom with a nimbus of political condition and artistic talent hanging over his head. He was elected as the commissary of Communist Youth League in charge of organization, who was totally the epitome of a socialist-minded and professionally competent man. He was also a real hard worker, and was very stubborn, taking everything seriously. Under the guidance of Soviet-style teaching methods, he received strict training--<br />
<br />
挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与被画者保持绝对的耐性 。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面 ”,画上一整天,只画了半个头像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履的中年人走过来,这是礼聘 来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供同学们观摩。<br />
<br />
Choosing a HB pencil, and sharpening it, and sketching in front of male and female models. The models were recruited at a very high price, both nude and non-nude. Under certain lights, the painter and the object stayed absolutely patient. He sketched out the outline at first, figured out the “light and plane”, and then drew all day long, only to have half picture of the head; the next day, the same scene was repeated under the same conditions; then, a middle-aged man with a high nose and deep eyes, dressed in a suit, came over, who was an expert invited cordially. Whenever he passed behind Yuan Yunsheng, his face often showed a look of satisfaction. Yuan Yunsheng got five points for all his sketches and oil paintings, which were sometimes hung in the classroom or in the corridor for students to watch.<br />
<br />
这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉柯夫教学体系。-袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀——苏联在中国土地上开办的艺术工厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
<br />
That year, a sketch and oil painting teaching conference of national fine art academies was held in Beijing to promote the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union. A half-length portrait of a Chinese woman painted by Yuan Yunsheng was shown off on the conference--a standard mode produced by the art factory of the Soviet Union in China.<br />
<br />
苏联专家的宠儿 ,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
<br />
He was the favorite of the Soviet experts, and the pride of the Oil Painting Department. He had a lot of success and a bright future. He immersed himself in the painting all day long, with his hand keeping waving, like a devout disciple prostrating himself before his art idol, and praying that his soul would ascend to the temple of art, seating on a throne surrounded by roses with a crown of pearls… It was the highest ideal for college students majoring in oil painting at that time.<br />
<br />
但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
<br />
But the naive faith was not solid, like an edifice built on a thin and narrow foundation, which could easily collapse. Once it was subverted, it could cause endless troubles.<br />
<br />
苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便朝那里走去。他停在一帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来一阵电灼般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
<br />
Distress had come to him, and he brought it upon himself. One morning, he heard that there was an exhibition of paintings being held in the hall, and went there. He stopped in front of a sequence of copies of the oil paintings, casting a calm glance upon it, and his whole body felt an electric sensation. His heart was shaking, and his blood was boiling.<br />
<br />
这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风 的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的感情,像酒一样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
<br />
These were the works of the European Post-Impressionist painter Van Gogh, with ordinary and simple images: fields, haystacks, a clock reflected by the setting sun, and sunflowers in clay pots. In addition, there were some portraits of ordinary people: postmen, miners, movers, and inmates who were released for yard time. In these unpretentious pictures, the author poured out the strongest feelings, as strong as wine, like a flame burning!<br />
<br />
看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格 。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生——向日葵,仿佛摇身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探求……这哪里是绘画呀 ,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每一线条和每一色块都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
<br />
Look, the jagged trees were rebellious. The undulating earth seemed to tell of suffering. <br />
The painter poured deep feelings into those ordinary people. The still-life painting --sunflowers, seemed to turn into a living thing, stretching out its jumble of tentacles to the frozen space, capturing, swaying, and indefatigably seeking… It was not a painting, but a call of the painter's life, a representation of his character! Every line and every color block were flowing, coming through invisible channels to clamp people, annihilate them to a great vortex of emotion…<br />
<br />
袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被一支锐利的艺术之箭射穿了。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng walked out of the hall, with his legs wobbling, as if he was drunk, was hurt. His heart was pierced by a sharp arrow of art.<br />
<br />
他回到宿舍,一头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高才生转瞬间变成西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
<br />
He went back to the dormitory and threw himself onto the bed. It was ironic that a top student of the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union became a captive of the Western European Post-Impressionism in an instant.<br />
<br />
宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地问 :“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
<br />
When the door of the dormitory opened, his roommate came in. Seeing him pale and tired, he asked in surprise, "Yunsheng, what happened to you?"<br />
<br />
“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
<br />
"I went to see an exhibition of Van Gogh's paintings." Yuan Yunsheng sat up in bed and said, "I've never been so excited by the works of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions..."<br />
<br />
他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的基础。有这个就够了。下一步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚 。<br />
<br />
He expressed his thoughts. In his opinion, the merit of Soviet painting theory lied in the emphasis on placing the object under certain light, observing the levels and hues with a subtle look, and tracing it carefully, which was the basis of all paintings. It was enough. The next step was to break free and move forward, not to limit themselves.<br />
<br />
他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧上了天 ,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在干着什么蠢事呀? ……<br />
<br />
He was right. Throughout the history of art, each school had its own process of formation, development, vicissitudes, and ups and downs. The Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions deserved its place in the art circle without dispute. But once it was praised to the skies, and promoted by administrative means, it would be counterproductive and bring suffocating disaster to the art. In fact, in the 1950s, painters all over the world, including Soviet painters, were running, exploring and innovating. And how stupid we were! ...<br />
<br />
袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头 ,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng said excitedly: "We follow behind them and pick up what they have thrown away!"<br />
<br />
好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,一个几亿人的社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎 。<br />
<br />
His good friends were familiar with his character and sympathized with his comments, but they worried about him. At that time, a society of hundreds of millions of people prostrated itself before Soviet idols, and his words were tantamount to a form of blasphemy.<br />
<br />
从那以后,他变得不大安分了, 一头温驯的伏尔加式的 小鹿,现出烈性马驹的本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标。<br />
<br />
From then on, he became rebel. A tame fawn, like the one on the Volga car, showed the true colors of a boisterous colt. In addition to completing the homework as usual, he improvised with mixed painting techniques, as if he was pursuing an ethereal goal.<br />
<br />
目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
<br />
The goal, was finally found, unexpectedly close at hand.<br />
<br />
从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭一张学生证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹…… <br />
<br />
From the Shuaifuyuan where the Central Academy of Fine Arts was located, crossing the big roundabout between Wangfujing and Bamiancao, the Donghua Gate of the National Palace Museum was about a mile away. At that time, students from the Academy of Fine Arts enjoyed a special privilege. They could freely enter the imperial garden of ancient Chinese art with only a student ID card. Here he saw Chen Laolian’s “Bogu Yezi (A kind of card played while drinking in ancient China)” in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan’s “Qingming Shanghe Tu (Along the River During the Qingming Festival)” in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a large number of authentic works of famous painters of the Tang Dynasty…<br />
<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
<br />
His favorite work was the "Luo Shen Fu (The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River)" by Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.<br />
<br />
长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象力!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人,栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱翔……<br />
<br />
Long scroll, romantic conception, how imaginative! The landscape was peaceful and spacious, with quiet and wonderful rivers and mountains; the figures were lifelike, dancing in the air. Was the resemblance in appearance? Was the resemblance in spirit? Between likeness and unlikeness, that was the author's mind soaring…<br />
<br />
他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条表现出高超的魅力。<br />
<br />
He put his eyes close to the scroll. The brush strokes, appearing ageless for thousands of years, like the spring silkworms spinning fine and exquisite silk, drew freely. He thought of the Soviet oil painting theory that denied the existence of lines. But in Chinese painting, the general and terse lines showed the high charm.<br />
<br />
站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他的思绪如抛出的一缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
<br />
Standing in this ancient resplendent hall, a long flowing river of art swept passed by before his eyes, and his thoughts stretched out like a wisp of gossamer. If we compared the fashionable Western art and the ancient Oriental art to two poles, there seemed to be something between the two poles that was closely related. Oh, he understood. When we got into a mut, ignored what was near and seek what was far away, those elves and devils of abstractionism, fauvism, modernism and futurism quietly got essence and extracted nutrients from the Oriental art to strengthen their bodies. That was the secret.<br />
<br />
祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
<br />
Motherland, your art is not water, not wine, not milk, but the magical royal jelly!<br />
<br />
虎丘<br />
<br />
Huqiu<br />
<br />
兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
<br />
After parting with the painter in Pukou, Lanying returned to school in Suzhou. In the blink of an eye, it was March. With spring breeze and newly sprouted willow trees, the town of flowing water under bridges liked a young girl, who was unveiled, affectionate with a lot of charm. <br />
<br />
姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
<br />
The girl's state of mind was also bright like waking spring.<br />
<br />
她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认识一下,如果手头有照片,请寄来一张。<br />
<br />
She received the painter’s letter from Nantong. The style of writing was free and easy. In the girl’s words: "The level is quite high!" The letter recalled the unforgettable scene on the train and expressed his feelings of missing her. He also said that his parents and brothers would like to get to know the girl, and if she had photos, please sent one.<br />
<br />
兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选一张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息一样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
<br />
Lanying opened the photo album without hesitation, selected a small photo, attached a short reply, and sent it to Nantong. This small act contained an unusual meaning, just like the shortest electromagnetic microwave can transmit significant information, it clearly expressed: the girl agreed to be his girlfriend.<br />
<br />
兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
<br />
Lanying's upbringing conditioned her to making her own decisions. She was born in Shandong province and grew up in the regions south of the Yangtze River. After her parents died, she moved with the troops from childhood. Wherever she went, it was her home, and she developed the ability to live independently. Over the years, she always received the warmth from the group and her female companions, but was never constrained. Perhaps she was a bit spoiled and coaxed by others, which made her form a stubborn personality.<br />
<br />
此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,一见钟情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
<br />
At the moment, she had a novel feeling that she was happier than the people around her. Because she had a right man in her heart, who affected her emotions. She silently enjoyed the secret pleasure of the young girl in love for the first time. She even imagined that once the secret was revealed, how surprised and envious her female companions would be! In their minds, her vison was very high. She was great looking and came from a privileged background. No male classmates dared to develop a relationship with her. It was not easy to take her fancy. It was done so artfully, neither by her parents’ choice, nor by the match-maker’s recommendation. She met him on a trip, and fell in love at first sight, bringing everything lime a whirlwind, so that the girl was full of desire for a better life. It was really romantic! So, she wove the future scenarios with sweet silk, anxiously waiting for the response from Nantong. Did he receive her letter? Would the painter's parents comment her when looking at her photo? Was she too pretty, or not enough? Alas! It was really hard to guess… The girl's heart was like the weather in the south of the Yangtze River in March. The temperature and weather changed abruptly.<br />
<br />
学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
<br />
The school was preparing for the Women's Day celebration. Lanying was the commissary in charge of entertainment of the class, a major role that bore a heavy burden of responsibility. The time passed quickly as she arranged the programs, made a blackboard newspaper, and decorated the venue.<br />
<br />
“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄起话筒,一惊一喜——那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
<br />
On Woman’s Day, the curtain was opened, and everyone was watching the stage. Suddenly someone called Lanying to answer the phone. She took up the microphone, and was surprised and delighted--it was the painter calling from the school's reception office.<br />
<br />
兰英极力掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,一阵风似的跑到学校的门口。<br />
<br />
Lanying tried to hide his excitement, turned to the students, vaguely explained a few words, and ran to the school gate like a gust of wind.<br />
<br />
画家站在那里,手中照例拿着一个速写本。<br />
<br />
The painter stood there, holding a sketchbook in his hand as usual.<br />
<br />
“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
<br />
"When did you arrive?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I just got off the train. I was passing through here after the home leave." The painter said.<br />
<br />
“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
<br />
"Please come in, do you … want to draw some sketches for our celebration?"<br />
<br />
“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……” <br />
<br />
"Not going in. I'd like to invite you out for a walk…"<br />
<br />
兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意味着向人生的一个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
<br />
Lanying hesitated for a moment. She was willing to accept the request, but also felt embarrassed. Since she entered the period of youth and became mature, Lanying spent this day with her female companions every year. Today she was going to leave her group, which meant saying goodbye to a stage of life. She thought about the discipline of the school, the opinion of classmates...<br />
<br />
“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
<br />
"Where are we going?" Lanying asked shyly.<br />
<br />
“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
<br />
"Huqiu." The painter's expression did not change.<br />
<br />
当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
<br />
When they got off the bus and stood at the foot of Huqiu Hill, the girl's uneasy heart was quieted down and relaxed. <br />
<br />
和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深”。沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
<br />
Compared with the small gardens in Suzhou City, Huqiu was a broad and quiet place to visit. The first two lines of Bai Juyi's poem on Huqiu were " The temple doesn't look far away, but it's very deep in the garden.” Walking along the stone path to the garden, there were many pines and cypresses, clear and blue sword pool, thick and tall groves of bamboo hiding the buildings and pavilions on the hillside: Temple of Chloris, Three Smiles pavilion... Walking deeper and there was more quiet, like walking into a sweet dream.<br />
<br />
这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在一起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
<br />
It was the first time Lanying had been alone with a man. There were mysterious waves in the girl’s heart. She felt that she had a lot to say to the painter, but she didn't know where to start.<br />
<br />
“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
<br />
"Have you received the photo?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I received. My family saw it and they all like you." The painter said.<br />
<br />
可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术。他对这一带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而倾倒。<br />
<br />
But the painter soon changed the subject. He commented on the local customs and culture of Suzhou and introduced the plastic art of the regions south of the Yangtze River. He seemed to be familiar with the area and knew a lot of anecdotes. The girl listened to him with great interest and was overwhelmed with admiration by the painter's profound knowledge.<br />
<br />
前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去 ,仿佛在祝福这一对美好的情侣。突然,一股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
<br />
Huqiu Pagoda was just ahead. The towering spire thrust into the blue sky and white clouds, magnificent and magical. Lanying and the painter ran towards the top of the hill with excitement. The painter stretched out his strong arm to support the girl. They were so close to each other, feeling the heat of each other's breath and heart beating. Pines, cypresses, and bamboo forests swayed backwards, as if they were blessing the wonderful couple. Suddenly, with a blazing feeling, they both stopped at the same time.<br />
<br />
这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰一样醉红,双唇像微微绽开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己一样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后一瞬……<br />
<br />
Here was surrounded by hills and trees, empty and silent. The painter stared at the girl with a frank and honest look; Lanying closed her eyes happily, ready to receive a baptism of love that would never be forgotten. The golden sunlight, through the branches of the trees, cast waving shadows on the girl’s face. Her cheeks were as red as roses, and her lips were like slightly blooming petals, more beautiful than usual. What a pure girl. Opening the window of her heart, there wasn’t any trace of dust and impurities. Although it was her second meeting with the painter, she trusted him and life as she trusted herself. Hold her tight, kiss her with fervor. She would be yours forever, from now until the last moment of your life…<br />
<br />
“兰英,我要告诉你一件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是‘右派’！”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I’ll tell you something." What she heard at this moment was the painter’s calm voice, “The first time was too late and the second time is not too late. I was classed as a 'rightist' when I was in college. Really, it was the 'rightist'!”<br />
<br />
霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
<br />
All of a sudden, the hills and trees, the ancient pagoda, were frozen in a deathly silence…<br />
<br />
孤岛上<br />
On a Lonely Island<br />
<br />
到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。1957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
<br />
Have you ever been to an island of the sea? The water and sky seemed to be mixed up together. The clouds came and went, and tide rose and fell. The island was a poem, a fresh and meaningful poem. At the turn of spring and summer in 1957, Yuan Yunsheng was in a poetic environment.<br />
<br />
他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
<br />
He went deep into the life on the island and practice drawing from nature. The Central Academy of Fine Arts required that second-year students had a two-month internship course; before the summer vacation, students went to different parts of the country. He and another student were the only ones who participated in the trip to the island. It was located on the shore of the Yellow Sea. There were only troops on the island, and no residents for miles around. The island provided him with a fortunate environment, getting away from the noise and disputes of the human world, and escaping the violent turmoil that happened in the mainland.<br />
<br />
小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体 ,心情是焦渴的。当蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
<br />
People on the island were closest to nature. Every morning, carrying the paint box on his back, he wandered on the beach covered with light yellow gravel and welcomed the first ray of happy sunshine. At the age of only eighteen, Yuan Yunsheng had already stood out from the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions and became a hazy composite of Chinese Classicism Painting and Western Modernism Painting, who was anxious. The blue sea sprinkled ten thousand golden stars and the sunglow filled his heart with brilliant colors. It was the moment when the young artist's life was burning. He hurriedly opened the paint box, spread the canvas and accepted the generous offer of nature.<br />
<br />
小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左右,才有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
<br />
The island was simple. Politics was proportional to the population, and there were fewer political topics here. Only a barge arrived to deliver newspapers and mail every ten days or so. While he and his companion were eating, they hastily opened the newspapers and skim through them. He was curious about the articles that appeared in the newspaper:<br />
<br />
“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好啦……”<br />
<br />
"Beijing is allowing the people to express their views now. This article is interesting. This opinion should be adopted. Changing it like this will be good…"<br />
<br />
他看完报纸一扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块和线条的运用。<br />
<br />
He threw the newspaper away after reading it and then forgot about it. He did not care about anything else except painting. His road of life was bright, full of sunshine, with no clouds hanging over him and nothing to worry about. All he cared about was the use of light, color blocks and lines.<br />
<br />
年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队的宣传干事带到一间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
<br />
The only political question the young artist faced was raised by the local soldiers. One day, he was taken to a humble shed by a publicity officer of the troops, and a pair of trusting eyes were cast upon him.<br />
<br />
“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, you have asked to go to another island to paint, right?"<br />
<br />
“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
<br />
"Yes, we want to go there."<br />
<br />
“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
<br />
"The troops have studied it. You can go, but your classmate stays."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查 。你们学校填写了两份材料,你的情况单纯 。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
<br />
"A permanent military project is being built on the island. Those who go there have to pass a political vetting. Your college filled out two documents, and your background is simple. Your classmate can't go, mainly because of family problems…"<br />
<br />
袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是一种荣幸,既然生活当中存在这样一些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng frowned. It was an honor to be invited alone. Since there were such rules in life, he went to there alone and no one could blame it. But it brought him more trouble than excitement. He knew his classmates. They were all members of the Communist Youth League and were the backbone of the students. Why should they be distinguished? With his artistic way of thinking, he decided that it was a proposition of conscience and friendship.<br />
<br />
“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
<br />
"Hey, I got it." He went back to the dorm and said to his companion, "The island is building fortifications, drilling and blasting, filled with smoke. There is nothing to paint. We've been out for a long time, let's just go back to the college!"<br />
<br />
不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大 登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活见鬼 !中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
<br />
Soon, he and his classmate crossed the sea and landed at Lvda City. The cool sea breeze blew against the beautiful city, arousing interest in sightseeing. They wandered the streets. The scenery was charming, the buildings were quirky and everywhere was full of Russian atmosphere. When Yuan looked up at the signposts, which wrote the street names like “Makarov”, he complained: "Damn it! Why does the street of a Chinese city have to be named after a Russian general? What a bummer…" A few days later, they stood in the blue harbor, casting a last glance at the ocean waves, and turned around to set foot on the way back.<br />
<br />
不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
<br />
He didn’t expect that it was a farewell to the blue life.<br />
<br />
北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷 ,使海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头 ,有碍“百花齐放”。袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
<br />
Beijing had changed. Returning from the island, he was amazed by the swift counterattack, the overwhelming criticism, and the petals scattered on the ground in the campus. What puzzled him most was the situation of Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the academy. He heard that the secretary of the Party Committee made a mistake because he advocated the revolutionary school of painting too far, which hindered "all flowers blooming together". Yuan Yunsheng really didn’t understand what the “revolutionary school of painting” had to do with the “rightist”.<br />
<br />
袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? 一连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng hid in the dormitory, immersing himself in gathering up his sketches. Perhaps, he was safe. He advocated inheriting ancient Chinese art and drawing on western modern art, which should be conducive to the "blooming of a hundred flowers". How could he not be safe. For several days, he chased the white clouds, waves and seagulls, lost in the memories of his trip to the sea…<br />
<br />
有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像一个漏了税的走私犯接受审讯。<br />
<br />
One day, he was suddenly called to the classroom and stood in front of the people, like a smuggler being tried for tax evasion.<br />
<br />
摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名——“反苏” 。 <br />
<br />
He was faced with a host of problems: deviant views in art, sympathetic remarks to the "rightist", "poisoning" on the island and in Lvda, and a terrible accusation throughout it--"anti-Soviet".<br />
<br />
究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐 ,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
<br />
The answer to who denounced him could be found by using elementary mathematics, but it was meaningless. Since he had thought so, and said, he said bluntly to anyone, with an honest heart.<br />
<br />
他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他一挥手:“请你到外面等一会儿。”<br />
<br />
He racked his brain to repeat what he had said, and the presenter waved to him: "Please wait outside for a moment."<br />
<br />
他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听见屋里在争论。<br />
<br />
He left the classroom and stood in the corridor, feeling relieved and comfortable. The corridor was only one door away from the classroom, and he heard an argument in the room.<br />
<br />
有人说:“够了……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "That's enough…”<br />
<br />
有人说:“还不够……”<br />
<br />
Someone said: "Not enough...”<br />
<br />
有人说:“态度还好……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "The attitude is not bad…"<br />
<br />
他的好友在替他争辩,另一些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
<br />
His best friends were arguing for him, and others were insisting on something, which sounded interesting. Then there was silence… Then, he was called back to the classroom.<br />
<br />
“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, after research, you've been classified as a 'rightist'!"<br />
<br />
政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色——红与黑。点朱泼墨,二者居其一,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不同,观点对立,照样用黑笔一勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
<br />
The oil painting box of the political movement had only two colors--red and black, which was different from the oil painting box of the artist. The only way to choose between cinnabar and ink was to rely on fortune-telling. He and Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, were of different ages, different background colors, and opposing views, but they were both outlined by black brushes with the same destination and the painting procedures were highly simplified.<br />
<br />
晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
<br />
In the evening, he rode the bike to Baijiazhuang, where his brother Yuan Yunfu lived. He rocked back in the sofa: "I am."<br />
<br />
哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
<br />
His brother smiled and asked, "What are you?"<br />
<br />
“我是’右派’了。”<br />
<br />
"I'm a 'rightist' now."<br />
<br />
“呵?”哥哥大吃一惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
<br />
"Huh?" His brother was astonished, "What mistake did you make?"<br />
<br />
“我没犯错误。”<br />
<br />
"I didn't make a mistake."<br />
<br />
“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
<br />
"Then why are you classified as a 'rightist'?"<br />
<br />
“他们说我是,就是啰 。”<br />
<br />
"They said I am. So I am."<br />
<br />
“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
<br />
"No! No!" His brother was trembling.<br />
<br />
“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
<br />
"What’s wrong with that?" He said evenly, "I still paint, still go to school, still engage in arts."<br />
<br />
他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山造湖,兴修水库,一颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地指挥部,请求一边干活一边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人来访。<br />
<br />
He really did not know pain yet. Soon after, hundreds of thousands of people in the capital swarmed to the out to the suburbs to move mountains and create lakes and build reservoirs in the gorge of the Ming Tombs, and a naive heart was touched. He thought how good it would be to see so many people working together to do one thing. He took his oil painting box and rode more than one hundred miles by bike to the construction headquarters, asking to be able to work and spent his spare time painting. They refused, explaining that according to the regulations, they would not accept personal visits.<br />
<br />
又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他一个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
<br />
Shortly afterward, he went into the construction site by bus with a large group of people from the Central Academy of Fine Arts. How excited he was! He did as much work alone as several men together, carrying six baskets for holding earth on one pole, and running fast on the rugged mountain road. At noon, when others took a nap, he held his painting clipboard and went to the mountain to paint under the scorching sun. Until he was exhausted and staggered back to the shed, he still didn’t feel bitter. Because it was her own choice. He was motivated by the boiling life and generously gave his energy, feeling that it was a great pleasure.<br />
<br />
可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成呵斥的嗓门,一张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了——仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
<br />
But the atmosphere in the shed had changed. The students gathered around him, pointing at him, and saying that he was disobedient, did not accept reform, and should not paint anymore… He was stunned. He didn’t know that it was a criticism meeting, and he didn’t understand what they said. He only felt that familiar eyes became harsh eyes, intimate expressions became indifferent expressions, and peaceful voices became scolding voices. Their mouths were moving, and their hands were shaking. Suddenly he understood--just one thing: he was different from others!<br />
<br />
他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
<br />
He opened his bloodshot eyes wide, wriggled his dry lips, and fell down with his hands on his head.<br />
<br />
过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
<br />
Because of overwork and mental stimulation, he contracted serious dysentery. The illness dragged on from summer to winter, and later he was sent to an unheated hut at college.<br />
<br />
小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活 ,学校当局不再放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他才感到了痛苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出一串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
<br />
The hut was cold and damp, where dripping water could freeze. His body was hot with a high fever. College authorities were no longer concerned about his condition. A year ago, he was the pride of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, who became an abandoned orphan now. He felt the pain, the pain of being strangled in art, exceeding the physical pain, like being pushed into a terrible hell. No! In the spiritual realm of art, there was only heaven, not hell. He was forced to learn to be inferior, but he could never learn it. In a coma, cluttered thoughts were flashing, as if he was flying after the seagulls, and dancing with the Goddess of the Luo River. He tossed and turned and struggled, with a series of moans, as if not willing to sink, but to climb out of the dark hell…<br />
<br />
屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
<br />
A faint white light came through the door and he heard the sound of footsteps. Looking there attentively, he found that his friend stood in front of the bed, casting sympathetic and concerned eyes at him.<br />
<br />
他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是一种负担。我需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
<br />
He sat up quickly: "Please don't come to see me again. I understand that it is a burden for others to be close to me. I need friendship, but not pity. What I need now is solitude, solitude, let me be alone!"<br />
<br />
新月<br />
<br />
The Crescent Moon<br />
<br />
夕阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野 闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对青年男女。<br />
<br />
The setting sun cast a golden glow on Huqiu and fell to the other side of the hill. The clear and quiet lights shimmered on the hill, which was connected to the transparent dusk, reflecting the stately profile of the millennium pagoda, like a contemplative old man overlooking a young couple on the hill.<br />
<br />
这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们一页一页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像一阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只残忍的巨手一挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择 。<br />
<br />
This moment was long enough for Lanying. There were tragedies and comedies in love stories that had been passed down through the ages, attracting people to read them page by page. However, the second page of Lanying's story was unbearable. The tender feelings of a girl who was in her first love: happiness, novelty, joy… For an instant they vanished like a gust of wind, as if with the wave of a cruel hand, everything sank, everything disappeared, and a problem was put before the girl, severe, cold, and emotionless, turning the sweet assignment into a cold choice of stakes.<br />
<br />
在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的一群 ,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以“杀气腾腾”“煽风点火 ”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁愿与鬼蜮联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
<br />
In those years, in this land, as long as people mentioned the "rightist", a bunch of greys flashed before their eyes, like shadows, like ghosts, as if they killed a man, committed arson, or poison something. It seemed that they were all charged with “murder”, “fanning the flames”, “drug trafficking” and so on. Their souls were sentenced to death, leaving only soulless shells of bodies. The shell, could breathe but could not speak, and must work but could not harvest. The only tolerance that society gave them was to give them more time than convicts sentenced to death, turning their shells into mud. Who would want to be married to a ghost? Who wanted to be with a zombie? Lanying faced such a choice.<br />
<br />
在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每一个姑娘都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵——询问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,工资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称一称。爱情的内容转变了,转变为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义 。<br />
<br />
In an environment where marriage and politics were tied together, every girl had to make considerations, either to enjoy honor, or to have misfortunes with her husband. Under the same dusk, how many girls in the world were considering it--asking the man’s family background, political affiliation, education background, job, salary, rank… asking his direct value and everything indirectly translated into value, and then weighing them on the balance of love. The content of love had been transformed into the process of exchange of commodities, which gradually became common and natural.<br />
<br />
兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算 。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
<br />
Lanying had more rights to make her own decisions. She was receiving higher education. She would be a nurse in the future, whose had blood of martyrs in her veins. The organization was considering her to join the Communist Party of China. She was as proud as a daughter of an eminent family, as beautiful as Snow White… Every intersection of life would provide the green light for her. with sons from aristocratic families for her to choose and high position and great wealth to enjoy. But life seemed to play ticks on her. It was the black devil who came to her side, not the angel of love. It was not late to break off the relationship with him at once, and there was no obligation on conscience and morality.<br />
<br />
兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越 ,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气 。因此,她还不懂得利害。<br />
<br />
Lanying lost in painful thought. She was in a privileged situation and had pure experiences, remaining unspotted from the world. Therefore, she did not understand the stakes.<br />
<br />
政治运动对姑娘来说,像一场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些“右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她还时常听到这样的告诫:有才华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不断得到强化。<br />
<br />
The political movement was like a vague dream for the girl. In 1957, she was an innocent girl studying in middle school. She took part in the denunciation, with her mouth, with her pen, with her outraged feeling. The war was over before she could see the enemies clearly. She only saw the backs of the prisoners. Later, when the girl was a little older, whenever she heard that someone was a "rightist", she could not help but look at him with curiosity. She saw that most of the "rightists" were scholars, professors, artists, writers, business backbone, celebrities and so on. She also often heard the admonition: talented people often had strong personalities; people with strong personalities often suffered setbacks. The direct and converse theorem of real life had been repeated in various tones, and the girl’s impression of it was constantly reinforced.<br />
<br />
抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的嘲讽。<br />
<br />
The abstract concept of friend or foe formed a concrete conclusion in the girl's mind, which was a sad mockery of the solemn political movement.<br />
<br />
眼前的画家又是一个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离经叛道的歧路 ,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为政治问题?为什么要让一个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的才华……什么是才华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下一颗蓝色的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
<br />
The painter before her was another example. Because the painter opposed the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, he was declared to be on an unorthodox and evil path and was sentenced to death in politics. The girl could not understand why the issue of art had to be turned into a political issue? Why should a Chinese hot-blooded young man be sacrificed to a foreign altar as a lamb to be slaughtered? Wasn't it ludicrous? Such a ludicrous thing actually happened. Perhaps, it further proved that the painter was not a meek lamb, but a fearful calf, attracting jealousy from others. It further proved the painter’s courage and insight, indomitable nature and precious talent… What was talent? For the simplehearted girl, it was the light of life, the garland of youth, the transcendence of ignorance, the sublimation of knowledge. It made money and wealth eclipsed, made gain, loss, fame and bad reputation ruin and loss become a passing cloud, like a bright horizon that divided the clear sky and turbid earth. Foolish girls liked to adorn themselves with jewels, but noble girls were full of spiritual aspirations. She was willing to pick a blue star and set it on the heart of love... Lanying broke the silence and said to the painter in a deep voice: "Don't mention those things of your past to me again. I don't think you've made a mistake…"<br />
<br />
画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子 ,也是有限的宽恕,一切还同过去一样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "But everyone else thinks so. Even if they took the hat off, the forgiveness would be limited, and everything would be the same as before. You can't associate with people like me. You must consider the consequences."<br />
<br />
“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
<br />
"I don't care about the consequences. No matter what other people think, I trust my instincts."<br />
<br />
“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are your instincts?"<br />
<br />
“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
<br />
"My instinct is that you are talented!"<br />
<br />
这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激动的光辉:“世上有才华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
<br />
It was the highest praise for an "enemy of society”. Her tone showed a significant preference, which should bring enough relief to the painter. But the painter stood there with a stoney expression. The radiance of excitement in his gaze was worn away: "There are many talented people in the world, including glorious victors and miserable losers. Why do you prefer me? You’ll regret it in the future…"<br />
<br />
难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把才华糟蹋得像一块抹布的年月里,这句话,他不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子无才便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,才华再也不是令知识分子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
<br />
No wonder the painter reacted indifferently. It was not the first time he had heard the phrase in the years when his talent was ruined like a rag. Anyone could give it to him. Beneath the hypocritical compliment was a deliberate mockery. "A woman without talent is virtuous", now also applied to men. Even if he was trampled underfoot, mercilessly flogged, covering with cuts and bruises, they could pat him on the shoulder and told him to get up and go to work. At that time, talent was no longer a flower that made intellectuals have smug feelings, but a bitter medicine that touched their feelings of sorrow.<br />
<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
<br />
Lanying’s and the painter's eyes met. The painter's eyes, probing and frank, with a deep flame of self-esteem and some expectations, shot all the way to the girl's heart. Lanying could not resist this stare that could penetrate through everything, and her heart was shivering…<br />
<br />
兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费力气地获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被搞得阴阳颠倒！一时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到一颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙一样晶莹闪烁。<br />
<br />
Lanying suddenly remembered that it was her second meeting with the painter, in this quiet mountain forest, a secluded valley far away from the city. Wasn't today Women's Day? Ordinarily, he could easily win the girl’s heart with his gentleness and gallantry. However, he brought frustration, which couldn’t wait to broke the girl's calm. He said the truth, revealed the hidden pain, casting ominous clouds. He knew that it could cause irreversible consequences, but insisted on doing it. What exactly was it for? How upright and poised he was! Why was such a person said to be a terrible devil? The vanished soul? Life was so unfair! Honesty for disaster, cunning for glory, how much right and wrong in the world had been turned upside down! For a moment, Lanying felt that the ravine, valley and river in front of her had been filled in. Through the evening mist, she saw a sincere heart, glittering and shining like agates.<br />
<br />
兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
<br />
Lanying said excitedly, "I decided."<br />
<br />
画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "You love me?"<br />
<br />
“喜欢。”<br />
<br />
"Yes."<br />
<br />
“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
<br />
"What do I have to be loved?"<br />
<br />
“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
<br />
"Because you are honest, and love needs honesty."<br />
<br />
画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝 里滚动。<br />
<br />
The painter's whole body shocked, and he threw himself on the girl and buried his head in her arms. In one moment, the strong man turned into a child that curled up, with tears welling up in his eyes.<br />
<br />
一弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
<br />
A crescent moon rose. The ancient pagoda was solemn, and the bamboo forest whispered. The bright silver light shined on the girl, who was like a silver statue of goddess.<br />
<br />
画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
<br />
The painter was like embracing a treasure that he never wanted to lose. For many years, he lived and behaved with integrity, and infatuated with art. But no one had ever given such an evaluation on him. Today, the girl judged his conscience, filling his lonely heart with light. He was satisfied and relieved, feeling that he got the greatest reward for the hardship he had suffered for years…<br />
<br />
双桥<br />
<br />
Shuangqiao<br />
<br />
当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢——充当囚犯, 颠沛流离 ,饱尝辛酸……<br />
<br />
Contemporary artists have great passions to pursue their own artistic styles, and those who had suffered misfortune had unique styles that could not be replaced by others. Who wants to repeat their experience--to be a prisoner, to wander, to endure all kinds of hardships…<br />
<br />
翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
<br />
Open Repin’s collection, and look at ''Barge Haulers on the Volga''.<br />
<br />
我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石磙,弓着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下一闪一闪。<br />
<br />
There is a picture similar to ''Barge Haulers on the Volga'' before us, a living picture. The sun was hot, and the air was burning. On the golden wheat field, a young man pulled a stone roller with the posture of the barge hauler on the Volga. He bowed, head down, with a rope trip on his shoulder, hands almost down to the ground. Sweat was running down his bare back, glowing and winking in the sun.<br />
<br />
这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是最年轻的一个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石磙,一拉就是一天。<br />
<br />
This was Shuangqiao Farm in Beijing, one of the earliest state farms, which was famous for its mechanized production. But the artists from the Central Academy of Fine Arts did the work like animal labor. Yuan Yunsheng was the youngest among more than twenty people, who volunteered to do the heaviest work. He pulled the stone roller on the wheat field all day.<br />
<br />
二十几个人住在一间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。几年前,在他们头顶上发生的 那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成为一门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向两极。<br />
<br />
More than twenty people lived in a large room, with shabby windows and doors, and flies and mosquitoes flying freely in and out. There were two rows of wide beds for a number of people and tables made of wooden boards in the room. The dean, professors, teaching assistants and students were equally treated here. The explosion that happened above their heads a few years ago caused different reactions in each of them. Some were silent, some were endlessly repentant, some were calm, and some were trembling, just as the mechanics of the explosion developed into a unique craft, capable of both destruction and construction, making their spiritual models distinctly polarized.<br />
<br />
袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头一个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,一头畜力转眼间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng returned to the room from the wheat field, his first action was to fall on the drawing board by the bed. The animal became an artist with glittering eyes at once, just like the miracle of a magic show by a magician. With the drawing board under his arm, he looked for prey everywhere. He was the master of everything in the territory of visual image.<br />
<br />
他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着他。试问 ,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展示了情景交融的空间——略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
<br />
He doggedly innovated, of his own accord and under duress. He had to reform through labor, and made art at the same time, who needed to adapt to the new environment because he could not leisurely portray objects like oil painters. Applying the achievements of line modeling in Chinese painting to Western oil painting, which was a hazy pursuit before, now became a bright flame that attracted him strongly. Who had ever seen the existence of "line" in life? And he saw it. He observed the layers of light, analyzed the light and plane of the object, trying to grasp the moment when a plane met another plane. The changing, transitional, and wonderful division showed clear lines on the retina, which commanded the hand and pen through the processing of the brain, the exaggeration of emphasis and the appropriate deformation, drawing firm or soft lines on the sketch, as simple as Chinese paintings, as precise as Western paintings, like a Peking Opera artist on an empty stage, showing the space that feelings mingled with scenes with his nuanced hand movements, expression of eyes and body motions--a remarkable painting language that was slight but not empty, with real in its emptiness.<br />
<br />
他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
<br />
He figured it out. Since his paintings would never be cared again, let alone exhibited, he could let his pen draw freely. During the days in the farm, he made more than two thousand sketches with pens, brushes and pencils, far more than the number of assignments for students in fine art colleges. With heavy work and strong foundation, he went toward his goal. A large pile of sketches on his bedside was the accumulation of his faith and the ocean of spirit.<br />
<br />
住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
<br />
Among the people living in the same room, there was a stern elder who often watched the young painter's behaviors. He was Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy. Jiang Feng's gaze was astonished. He didn’t know his student before, but now he was touched by Yuan Yunsheng's enthusiasm for hard work and advancement.<br />
<br />
“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去！”<br />
<br />
"I really don't understand why the student like you should be labeled as a 'rightist'?" Jiang Feng said to Yuan Yunsheng, "Draw it. As long as you think it's right, you can draw it according to your will!"<br />
<br />
这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
<br />
It was the direct teaching Yuan Yunsheng heard from the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, not in the grand academy, but in the hard adversity. This teaching impressed him forever.<br />
<br />
一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
<br />
One day, people living in the same room held a review meeting. Some of them confessed as usual, but Jiang Feng declaimed, criticizing the proneness to boasting and exaggeration in publicity, the disconnect between economic policy and economic base, and the hazards of "Left" opportunism, just like a level-headed politician without the slightest self-consciousness of an offender. He was still him, maintaining human dignity, and exercising the rights of the brain and mouth. Yuan Yunsheng listened, filled with admiration.<br />
<br />
散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特儿是清癯的、憔悴的,一副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出一个美的灵魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
<br />
After the meeting, Jiang Feng read a book with his head on the desk. Yuan Yunsheng quietly picked up the drawing board and looked towards him. The model in front of him was skinny and haggard, with a contemplative look. However, in the painter's mind, a beautiful soul was reflected, as hard and transparent as diamonds. The painter used his brush to draw a portrait of him with ease and verve.<br />
<br />
“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
<br />
"Oh, I'm much thinner than before." Jiang Feng took the sketch and said with emotion, "Leave this painting to me. You and I have a memorable friendship…"<br />
<br />
这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
<br />
The sketch was paired with a frame, hanging in Jiang Feng's home for many years.<br />
<br />
一个被撤职的党委书记,一个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
<br />
A dismissed secretary of the Party Committee, and a young man forced to stop school. Neither of their personalities were distorted under the weight. Once the personality had overcome the ordeal, it was like cast iron. It was the same to admit it or not.<br />
<br />
雨纷纷<br />
<br />
The Drizzling Water <br />
<br />
画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业分配。<br />
<br />
The painter parted with Lanying in Suzhou and returned to Changchun. They exchanged letters from time to time. A year later, Lanying was facing job assignment after graduation.<br />
<br />
东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降临头上。<br />
<br />
The Northeast was very unfamiliar to Lanying. In her imagination, it was distant borderlands covered with snow and ice, a terrible place so cold that the nose, ears and chin could be frozen off. None of the students wanted to be assigned to the Northeast. They were used to the affluent conditions and warm climate of lands of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River, and the mere mention of the Northeast made their hair stand on end, as if the doom of exile had fallen on their heads. <br />
<br />
兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
<br />
Lanying was regardless of anything. In the girl's mind, where he was, there was spring, and there was a bonfire! She was willing to suffer cold and hunger just by his side.<br />
<br />
当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying proposed to the organization of his aspiration for assignment, the other side was shocked: “Ah, you already have a boyfriend! How long have you known each other? What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
姑娘一五一十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住 。<br />
<br />
The girl answered one by one. She thought that it could not be hidden sooner or later.<br />
<br />
兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象力,把故事编得像田园牧歌一样美妙——<br />
<br />
Lanying’s story spread through the college. Oral litterateurs were not lack in imagination, and made up the story as beautiful as an idyllic pastoral--<br />
<br />
“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
<br />
"Hey, did you hear? Lanying asked to be assigned to Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
<br />
"So far away! Why do you want to go there?"<br />
<br />
“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子。”<br />
<br />
"She met a boyfriend, one of the most beautiful men in Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那个人干什么的?”<br />
<br />
"What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
<br />
"He's an actor at Changchun Film Studio. He acted many movies."<br />
<br />
“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
<br />
"Of course it is good to have an actor as boyfriend. He can go everywhere in the country. <br />
Studios are in big cities, and Lanying can be transferred to wherever she likes!"<br />
<br />
但是,在学校的一间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
<br />
But in a small room of the college, Lanying's head was under the weight of thousand pounds, and furious and disappointed eyes were cast at him: “You are too naïve in politics. Who is he? A ‘rightist', who is anti-Party and anti-socialist. Who are you? The descendant of revolutionary martyrs, member of the Communist Youth League, and the Party organization's development target. Won’t you feel sorry about your dead parents? And the Party?<br />
<br />
兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了……”<br />
<br />
Lanying argued: "His hat had been taken off…"<br />
<br />
“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样一个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣个黑锅背一辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
<br />
"Whether his hat had been taken off or not, it was all the same. If one has such a family, he could not shake it off. But you want to have the injustice and carry it for the rest of your life. How silly you are!"<br />
<br />
“我乐意……”<br />
<br />
"I don’t care…"<br />
<br />
“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍白,四肢麻木,像是一个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
<br />
"Don’t say any more! You are already his prisoner, standing on a cliff. You have to break off with him, and never meet him again. If he writes to you, you hand it over to the organization to deal with!" Lanying sat in a corner of the room, pale and numb, like a rebel on trial. What did she have to say? A simple-hearted girl confided in others the secret of love for the first time, who should receive happy congratulations. However, she received brutal reprimand and forced interferences, and it was useless to argue with them. She dragged herself back to the dormitory.<br />
<br />
更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她,好像她做了什么亏心事。一颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
<br />
What was harder to bear was the mute weight. Her classmates looked at her with scorn and whispered about her as if she had done something against conscience. A pearl once held in the palm of the hand suddenly became the object of ridicule, so that she tasted the fickleness of the world, the ups and downs of fate, and aroused a strong feeling of rebellion.<br />
<br />
她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨——爸爸生前的战友。<br />
<br />
She wrote a letter and sent it to an aunt in Hangzhou, a former comrade of her father.<br />
<br />
阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
<br />
The aunt soon sent a telegram, asking her to go to Hangzhou and talking with her face to face.<br />
<br />
兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空一样阴郁。<br />
<br />
When she arrived in Hangzhou, it was drizzling. The aunt took her to her residence, and was very hospitable with smile, trying to make her happy. However, Lanying's face looked sad, as gloomy as the sky.<br />
<br />
“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说，“我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
<br />
"What if you worry yourself into illness?” The aunt said, "Let me go out for a walk with you.”<br />
<br />
她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
<br />
They went to Orioles Singing in the Willows of the West Lake with an umbrella.<br />
<br />
西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
<br />
The West Lake was silvery gray in front of Lanying. The sky was silver, and the water was silver. The atmosphere was drifting with silver powder that looked like rain but not rain, which he could not feel, and her clothes seemed to be getting wet but not.<br />
<br />
兰英的眉心舒展 了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
<br />
Lanying felt more comfortable: "The scenery here is so beautiful!"<br />
<br />
“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢，”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍一个男朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证会喜欢他……”<br />
<br />
"It is worth coming here, right. There is another happy thing," said the aunt with a smile, "I’ll introduce to you a boyfriend. He is a member of the party and does confidential work in the army. He is handsome and you are well-matched in age. I’m sure that as long as you are willing to meet him, you are going to like him…"<br />
<br />
兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
<br />
Lanying was on the alert at once: "Did you invite me here just for this?"<br />
<br />
阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养感情嘛……”<br />
<br />
The aunt said: "I’m doing this for your own good. The relationship needs to be cultivated. You don’t have a relationship with him now, but you can cultivate it…"<br />
<br />
姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进一团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲径好像布满陷阱。一种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。给你!”<br />
<br />
The girl only felt that her chest was stuffed with a mess. The beautiful scenery of the West Lake had become nasty, and the winding path under her feet seemed to be fraught with pitfalls. A feeling of being fooled came over her, and she said angrily: "I don't want to see anyone. Here you are!"<br />
<br />
兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
<br />
Lanying shoved the umbrella into the aunt's hand, turned and ran away through the cold rain. Behind her, the lake water lapped at the shore, making a rhythmic sound, like heaving sighs…<br />
<br />
回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
<br />
Back to the residence, the first thing Lanying did was to pack things, ready to return to Suzhou. The aunt came over and said calmly, "Lanying, I know your temper. Once you have decided something, no one can persuade you…"<br />
<br />
“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
<br />
"I appreciate that you know it." The girl said tonelessly.<br />
<br />
“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好好谈谈吧……”<br />
<br />
"I have only one request." said the aunt, "Since you came to Hangzhou, it does not hurt to stay one more day. Let's talk about it in the evening…"<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
<br />
At night, Lanying and the aunt sat face to face by lamplight.<br />
<br />
“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I trust your eyes. The person you like must be good." The aunt said calmly. “Our party implements a policy of uniting and reforming intellectuals, and people like him still have a role to play."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "I thought the same thing…"<br />
<br />
“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们一些好处。打个比喻吧,好比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那些人再好,也不能使用。你多想一想吧……”<br />
<br />
"But let me tell you more detailed information." The aunt said, "At present, we do not have a team of intellectuals of our own. If we don’t rely on them, who can we rely on? If we want to use them, we have to give them some benefits. To use an analogy, it is like a jelly bean to coax children. The little sweetness will soon melt. When our own team grows up, they can’t be used anymore no matter how good they are. Think more about it…”<br />
<br />
姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头一次听说,在政策的背后还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
<br />
After the girl listened to the thorough analysis, she was bewildered. She heard for the first time that there were policies behind a policy. The infinite mysteries of life were enough for her to digest slowly.<br />
<br />
这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。一个势单力孤的女子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越 ,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为一个农家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
<br />
That night, Lanying lost sleep. At the deadest time of the night, she was thinking about the painter who was far away and gradually came to realize that there were more serious obstacles between them than ice, snow, storms, mountains and rivers. A weak woman, powerless to push away the weight of society, tradition and mentality, felt that the future was infinitely uncertain. Did the girl regret having fallen in love with him? She could not find a reason to condemn herself. Their love was witnessed by the green hill and bright moon, without a trace of dust. She could only regret that she came from a privileged background and was fully favored, so that her love was also shackled. The girl would rather be reborn again for him… She fell asleep in a daze and had a sweet dream that she was transformed into a farm girl and met the painter among the white mountain and the black water. The whole world was pure as if it was covered with silver and jade… When she woke up, she found that it was just a delusional dream. The fate had been doomed, and everything was irreversible. The girl was desperate, with hot tears like a broken line of beads, from the cheeks constantly rolling down...<br />
<br />
第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看一看就会明白的。”<br />
<br />
The next day, the aunt put a magazine in front of Lanying: "This is what I found from the library, you will understand if you read it."<br />
<br />
这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到一篇文章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的一小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的题目——<br />
<br />
It was a magazine of ''Fine Arts'' published in that year. With trembling hands, Lanying opened the pages and found an article. The article criticized an oil painting by Yuan Yunsheng and included a photo of it. What was that? The painting was shrunken into a small and pitiful piece that could not be seen clearly. The girl finally found the title of the painting--<br />
<br />
水乡记忆<br />
<br />
Memory of the Water Town<br />
<br />
“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
<br />
"It’s okay. It’s okay. It would burn if you continue frying it."<br />
<br />
“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
<br />
"Be gentle, don't let others hear it."<br />
<br />
“我先尝尝——哈,又香又脆!”<br />
<br />
"Let me taste it first--ha, it’s delicious and crispy!"<br />
<br />
“放开肚皮吧 ,反正不花钱……”<br />
<br />
"Tuck in. It doesn’t cost money anyway…"<br />
<br />
袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng lying in bed, heard the laughter, the sizzle of boiling oil, and the greedy sound of chewing from next door, along with the aroma of fried oil cakes, keeping him awake at night. <br />
<br />
这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择一处乡土气息浓厚的地区深入生活 ,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓库隔壁的一间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传口号消失了,生理本能在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是一出率先占有填充材料的喜剧。<br />
<br />
This was the warehouse of the production team, located in a small town near Suzhou. Not long ago, Yuan Yunsheng returned to the Central Academy of Fine Arts from Shuangqiao Farm, and got back to Professor Dong Xiwen's studio to learn from him. The teacher suggested him to choose an area with a strong local flavor to plunge into the thick of life, collecting materials for his graduation work. He came to a town in the regions south of the Yangtze River and was assigned to a hut next to the production team's warehouse as the accommodation. It was a time of national economic hardship, and the water town, which was praised as “the earthly paradise", was also facing the threat of starvation. The fanatical slogan that was once popular disappeared and physiological instincts took effect in people, which was first shown in the town's cadres. In order to fill a few people’s bellies, they went harm to the group, compressing others’ bellies. The late-night performance was a comedy of being the first to take possession of the filling material.<br />
<br />
袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng rolled over in bed, causing a few rats to crawl out beside the pillow and hop around on him.<br />
<br />
“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
<br />
"There’s a noise!" The man next door said, "Should we ask that painter to come?"<br />
<br />
“别理他!”<br />
<br />
"Don’t mind him!"<br />
<br />
……<br />
<br />
这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预一下也无可厚非 。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
<br />
This was the material of real life! Paint it. Since "art was subordinate to politics", there was nothing wrong with intervening in such life. The painter lay in bed, his heart flowing with the feeling of concerning for the country and the people.<br />
<br />
然而,夜间的梦寐 并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
<br />
However, the dream at night did not leave the painter with a deep impression. He had his own understanding of the function of art. He came here for pursuit of the beauty in life, and the dust of life could not cloud the artist's heart of gold. The place he went to during the day gave satisfaction to his pursuit. A few weeks later, he returned to Beijing with everything that he wanted.<br />
<br />
回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,一股不可遏制的创作冲动驱使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去一个晚上的时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
<br />
One day after returning to Beijing, he leaned on his bed and thought after dinner. An uncontrollable impulse of creation drove him to pick up the brush and readily draw on the draft paper, the tip of the brush as smooth as floating clouds and flowing water. In only one night, he sketched out his graduation work.<br />
<br />
他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
<br />
He took the sketch to visit Teacher Dong Xiwen. The teacher looked at it and said: "I think it is distinctive. The workload is not small. Get on with it!"<br />
<br />
他把行李卷、画布和油彩,一股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上一摊,不分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
<br />
He moved the bedding roll, canvases and oil paints into the large warehouse of the college. This warehouse was used to store large-scale cultural relics, including a tall stone camel, an excavated stone horse and a stone tiger in front of the tomb of the Han Dynasty general Huo Qubing. The floor was covered with thick dust, and the walls were covered with cobwebs, like a gloomy old castle. He spread the bedding roll on the floor, and worked day and night. The stone tiger and horse watched a young painter working like a maniac. Two months later, Yuan Yunsheng asked someone to help him lift out a huge oil painting.<br />
<br />
这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
<br />
The painting was titled ''Memory of the Water Town''.<br />
<br />
《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优 ”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的分数都不肯给。<br />
<br />
''Memory of the Water Town'' became the topic of conversation in the circle of art. The doyens of painting such as Dong Xiwen, Ye Qianyu and Huang Yongyu praised it, who argued that his graduation grade should be “excellent”. Some others shook their heads and frowned, refusing to give him even a passing grade.<br />
<br />
水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
<br />
What was the memory of the water town for the young painter?<br />
<br />
画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
<br />
In the picture is a small bridge common in Suzhou, which is the style of traditional architectural left over from the Ming Dynasty, with exquisite structure, decorated with delicate sculpted reliefs. The two sides of the bridge show the houses, streets and the lively scene of the market trading during the Spring Festival.<br />
<br />
看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。一个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开一张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。一个淳朴的小女孩刚才卖掉一只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着一桩桩美好的故事——人们在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
<br />
Look, there are people setting up the stage for Beijing opera performance, there are people selling New Year's pictures, and there are people selling grain and vegetables, so lively. A beautiful country girl spreads out a newspaper at her feet and sets bunches of flowers on it, expecting people to visit. A simple little girl has just sold a lamb. Perhaps because the cute little animal was fed by her hands when growing up, she sees it being taken away, showing a look of melancholy... With the strong national style and local customs and practices, the painter drew hundreds of lifelike characters, around the stone bridge to tell good stories -- people exchanged their results of hard work a year here, and were pleased and gratified by the rich and colorful folk recreations.<br />
<br />
桥下是一泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
<br />
Under the bridge is clear, rippling and sparkling. The dark-awninged boats, small wooden boats and barges carrying purchases for the Spring Festival are so close to each other, and brush past the others. The boatmen are all humble, avoiding each other, and quickly giving the way for the neighboring boats. A young man lies leisurely on the bow of the boat, the sunlight sprinkling over his face, and thinks with a vision of the future…<br />
<br />
这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举世无双的韧性——走向明天!<br />
<br />
Weren’t the small bridge and the river the reappearance of our national features! Our nation suffered a lot, and was at a very difficult time; however, our indomitable national spirit was not destroyed by the disaster. We were strong, confident and optimistic, emphasized courtesy, and maintained great dignity, with a slow rhythm, calm pace, and resilience that was unparalleled in the world--towards tomorrow!<br />
<br />
谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
<br />
Who could have guessed that the original idea of this painting was conceived in that hut in the water town, that shady with mice hopping around, adjacent to the evil. What a contrast between the hard work of the people, the innocence of the painter, and the greed, selfishness and deceit just a wall away! The painter brushed away the shadows of life, and used painting language to express his deep love for his country and people with good wishes. This was the self-analysis of the painter's mind and character!<br />
<br />
当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩 ,年画的敦厚朴实和壁画的装饰趣味。<br />
<br />
When ''Memory of the Water Town'' was put on public display, hanging in the auditorium of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, the response from the audience was enthusiastic. Some people left comments, some took pictures, and some copied it. Just in terms of its innovation in artistic style, people were amazed by it. The author put aside the "three unities" of plot devices of Western oil painting and the traditional perspective rules, and adopted the ingenious technique of cavalier perspective of Chinese painting, so as to make the independent stories on the picture blend together. When portraying the characters, the author masterly used the tools of Western oil painting, boldly used line modeling, and absorbed the exaggeration of the ancient art of pottery figurines to depict images of the figures with different expressions. The painting had the splendor and magnificence of oil painting, the exact delineation and heavy colors of Chinese painting, the sincerity and simplicity of New Year’s picture and the decorative interest of fresco. <br />
<br />
把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为一炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿了吧！<br />
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It was the author's dream to integrate the ancient and modern, Chinese and Western painting arts into one. His dream should come true!<br />
<br />
但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
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However, the fate of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was suddenly reversed, which was taken off the wall of the exhibition hall and thrown into the garbage dump where scraps were stored. Later, a young man who loved table tennis found its value and dragged it behind the table to use it as a baffle to block the ball. Later, a student from the art history department felt bad for it and secretly cut it down with a scissor, folded it up, and pressed it under the bed in the dormitory. However, the college reported it to the police in panic, bringing in the comrades in the department of public safety to enter the college to reconnoiter, as if searching for an indecent prohibited thing. Finally, the enthusiastic collector had to hand it over, and the campus loudspeaker immediately broadcasted that it was "another victory in paying great attention to class struggle".<br />
<br />
离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着一堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的路口只亮着一盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
<br />
Was it bizarre? Not really. The climate was changing, three years of hardship passed, the fairs trade in the countryside was banned, and the days of hunger were forgotten. Today's politics made new requirements on yesterday's art, and it was time for the painter to be spanked. The author of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was faced with lots of questions that he could never answer: Why didn't you paint a tractor? Why didn't you paint the wheat field with a good harvest? Why didn't paint… Among all the criticisms, no one had ever accused him of not painting the scene next door that night, though such phenomena were a well-known fact. There was only one green light at the intersection of literary criticism: turning left. The artist who stayed true to the art went straight ahead and was denounced as being too "right".<br />
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中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出作者的艺术才能。”<br />
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Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, once said with emotion: "If this painting had not been damaged, and had been put on display, I can predict that the audience would have rehabilitated him. Even in this tentative work, we can see the artistic talent of the author."<br />
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只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世——其中也包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
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Unfortunately, the remains of the painting couldn’t be found. The only memorial it had left was a pathetically small picture, accompanied by a critical article that sounded plausible, published in a corner of ''Fine Arts''. The painter should feel honored that it was the first time his work had been made into a zincograph, and printed, spreading around the world--including the one in front of Lanying.<br />
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月台边<br />
<br />
At the Edge of the Platform<br />
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兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
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The second morning Lanying spent in Hangzhou was the most painful time for her.<br />
<br />
阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子 ,还会累及子女。<br />
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The aunt stood beside her as her guardian, and pointed to the magazine as if she had found a powerful proof. The aunt said that a man like Yuan Yunsheng would not correct his mistake, and others would not tolerate him. It would be a lifelong mistake to combine with him, never seeing the light in the future and implicating the children.<br />
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那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘与画家结合 的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
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The magazine did not frighten the girl’s love away, but made her feel the seriousness of the problem. It seemed that it was not only the aunt, the college, but also the whole society that prevented her from being bound with the painter. It seemed that everyone except the girl was cursing him and splashing dirty water on the painter. Did the girl still have the courage to go towards him? Talking about the future children, those innocent babies that would follow the adults and spend their whole life in the mud, Lanying's heart was softened.<br />
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这是一场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
<br />
It was an irresistible spiritual siege. Lanying hunched over the table and burst into tears…<br />
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阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效力,递过一支笔、一张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
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Seeing the effect of her good intention, the aunt handed over a pen and a piece of paper: "Writing him a letter and making it clear, you’ll feel comfortable. If he really loves you, he will not give you trouble again…"<br />
<br />
兰英接过纸笔。<br />
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Lanying took the paper and pen.<br />
<br />
她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家能够得到另一个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后一个字,信纸上满是斑斑泪痕。<br />
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She wrote a very firm statement, cutting off communication with the painter, and didn’t explain anything. She took the responsibility, saying that she was willing to pay the lifelong price for her impulse and would never get married again. In her letter, she wished the painter to get another girl who would love him as much as she did… When she finished the letter, it was blotted with tears.<br />
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阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
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The aunt took it over to have a look and sighed: "Look, the handwriting was wet with tears. It’ll make him suspect that you are not really want to break up with him ......"<br />
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“本来就是被迫的！”兰英没好气地说。<br />
<br />
"It was forced!" Lanying said angrily.<br />
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阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
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The aunt finally got the written pledge and was relieved, sealing the envelope with her own hands, sticking a stamp on it, and taking it to the post office.<br />
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兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将把信撕得粉碎,一赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下 ,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净……<br />
<br />
Lanying returned to Suzhou from Hangzhou, and felt every day like a year, repeatedly imagining the painter's reaction. The painter would be furious, wouldn’t he? Lanying really did not want to add a new scar to the painter's heart, which had been badly wounded, so she did not write irritating words in the letter. But the painter would understand the reason for the change. The letter had already constituted a contempt and insult to him. Would he rip it up and decide not to write back in a fit of anger? Or would he bow to his fate and fall into a depression? Or, the girl's worries were superfluous. Men were men, who were easy come and easy go. He would wipe the girl out of his memory, completely forgetting her.<br />
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兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
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The last thing that Lanying wanted to happen was the latter situation.<br />
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画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
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The painter wrote back with stiff words. He agreed to break up, without a hint of a pleading tone, with only one last condition, asking Lanying to come to Changchun and explain the reason face to face.<br />
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像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
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Like hearing an echo from an empty valley, Lanying ran into the college office clasping the letter.<br />
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姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
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The girl placed the letter on the table and said: "Please allow me to go to Changchun."<br />
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对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
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After reading the painter's letter, the other party looked up and asked, "Is this the last meeting?"<br />
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“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
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"Yes." The girl said, "We're very determined."<br />
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学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
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The college could not say the reason for refusing the girl and let her go. On the day of the girl’s departure, the school made a long-distance call to Changchun, asking the painter's unit to cooperate and pay attention to the actions of Lanying and the painter, promoting both sides to break off the relationship.<br />
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火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人头攒动的月台上,她一眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
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The train was flying along, the vast fields passing outside the window. The girl was anxious. She was longing for the scenery of the Northeast in her dream before, but this journey didn’t leave any impression on her. She only remembered the moment the train arrived in Changchun, when she saw the painter with a pale face at a glance on the crowded platform.<br />
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兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
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When Lanying stepped out of the train, the painter was coming up. He still held the sketchbook in his hand, pretending to be calm. However, his tired and dark look, holding back great pain, could not escape the girl's keen eyes. It was exactly what the girl hoped to see, and a thrill of joy rose in her heart. <br />
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画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
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The painter stopped at the edge of the platform, keeping a few steps from the girl.<br />
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“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
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"Please answer now," the painter's voice was like the low roar of a wild animal, "why do you change your mind? Why do you bend to the will of others?"<br />
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姑娘把旅行袋往前一递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听懂是什么意思。<br />
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The girl handed her travel bag forward: "Do you think I come to Changchun to negotiate with you?" The painter was stunned, not understanding what it meant.<br />
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“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑一趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
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"You fool! If I want to break up with you, do I need to come all the way here?" The girl smiled sweetly, "There is a long way to go, and you need to be tested!"<br />
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明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解——那些无尽无休的劝说、挑唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
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The bright sunlight returned to the painter's face. He even forgot to pick up the girl's bag, and was so excited that he didn’t know what to do. The girl dodged back a little, really afraid that the guy who lost his mind in front of him would throw himself into her arms in full view of a large crowd with no regard for the customs of the country… The consensus reached the Changchun negotiation--those endless persuasions, instigation and restraint were really tiresome that decisive actions had to be taken to get rid of it.<br />
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兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同财产,是一条印花双人床单。在一间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
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Lanying and the painter married in the summer vacation after graduation. The wedding was held in Changchun, without relatives officiating, and classmates congratulating. The only gift they received was a blouse given by Yuan Yunfu to his sister-in-law; the new common property was a printed double bed sheet. In a temporary borrowed hut, they performed a solemn ceremony of life. Lanying spent her honeymoon in disassembling and washing the bedding for the former bachelor. The short honeymoon ended as Lanying's reporting date approached.<br />
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人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
<br />
The Queen Mother of the world was not willing to give in after all, and deliberately laid a galaxy between them.<br />
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兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽容——除了东北三省之外,其他任何一个城市都行。实心眼儿的 姑娘把手指放在地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
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Lanying's place of work was chosen from the map. When she was assigned after graduation, the college gave her lenient conditions--any city except the three provinces of the northeast. The honest girl put her finger on the map and found the nearest place to the Northeast along the railway line. Her finger crossed Beijing, Tianjin, and rested on a small circle south of Shanhaiguan: Tangshan. She thought that it was the ideal crossing of the Milky Way on earth.<br />
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她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着一块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生活无法自理。直到这时,她才感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
<br />
Not long after she arrived in Tangshan, she was caught in an "unprecedented" storm. With marches, rebellions, and two factions fighting with each other with machetes and spears, the whole city fell into primitive tribal strife. Lanying was alone and lived in uncertainty in troubled times. The annual visits to her husband comforted her a little in spirit. Later, she was pregnant. The overwork and poor living conditions caused Lanying to suffer from lumbar spine strain. Her back was like carrying a heavy iron plate, and she couldn’t roll over in bed. There was no one to make fires in the house, and the flimsy door and windows could not withstand the cold wind. The lumbar disease made her stiff and unable to take care of herself. By this time, she felt that she needed her husband by her side so much…<br />
<br />
画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到一份工作,又赶到唐山,好不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户口的证件。至此,他们已经两地分居六年了。<br />
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The painter went around and asked, and finally found a job for his wife in a hospital in Changchun, and then rushed to Tangshan. With difficulty, he passed many hurdles and got the documents to switch his wife’s job and transfer her registered permanent residence. So far, they had been living apart for six years.<br />
<br />
兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西——优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。耿耿 银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
<br />
When Lanying sat on the train, the platform in Changchun moving in front of her eyes again, she could not help but have mixed feelings. For six years, she lost a lot of things out of her own volition--a bright future in politics, a beautiful youth and excellent conditions. The corners of her pretty eyes were covered with worry lines, and her beautiful cheeks became sallow with a gaunt appearance. She paid a huge price for the ordinary life of ordinary people, and a charge of "the family member of a rightist whose hat was taken off”. The Milky Way was in front of her, and there were the same strict rituals in heaven and on earth. <br />
<br />
陋室铭<br />
<br />
The Humble Room<br />
<br />
破木桌上摊开一张纸片,一只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
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A piece of paper was spread out on the broken wooden table, and a small hand holding the brush, applied watercolor to the paper. Round, square and irregular blocks of color appeared under the brush, representing different still life: the round one was a washtub, the square one was an old wooden box, and the irregular one was a diaper on a clothesline…<br />
<br />
这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
<br />
It was the artist's son sketching. He was born in Changchun, and no matter how difficult the path of his parents' life was, he grew up according to the laws of nature, until he was old enough to grasp a brush with his little hand. <br />
<br />
小屋只有14平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, 一排大连铺占去三分之二的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
<br />
The house was only 14 square meters. A little sister added to the family, and four of them were crammed into a small space, with a large bed taking up two thirds of the area. The broken wooden table in front of the window was the dad's workbench at ordinary times, and the son's bed at night. The rest of the space was for cooking and washing clothes, and there was no extra space.<br />
<br />
眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
<br />
The artist's son had painted the scene in front of him more than once, which was his first subject of contact with life. This lovely third generation in new China repeatedly painted with the most beautiful colors in his young mind, and had accumulated dozens of sketches. Whenever the neighbors came to visit, he would take out his works and show them off in front of them. However, the comments he heard were very disappointing: "Alas, Lanying, why does your precious son only paint the slums?"<br />
<br />
兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
<br />
Lanying gave a wry smile. What could she say? All her son painted were things in her house.<br />
<br />
兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头一样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
<br />
After Lanying moved to Changchun, she took on heavy housework and lived a hard life. She was used to eating ready-made meals in the canteen before, and never cooked; by this time, she was distressed to find that it was more difficult to steam the corn cake without turning souring than to perform a surgical operation in the hospital. For a long time, the steamed corn cakes, steamed bread of corn and steamed buns that the whole family ate were unbearably sour and hard like stones. The children still gobbled them up as if they natively tasted like that.<br />
<br />
家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱一个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭 。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
<br />
The family's finances were tight. The total income of two college graduates could not keep up with the increase of family members and the rise of commodity prices. The son was lucky enough to eat cake for a few days when he was a child. When it was the daughter's turn, the parents could no longer afford to buy cakes, so they had to buy bread that was a dime per piece to give the children a treat. Later, the parents brought home discounted black bread. Even so, the children were so happy, smiling from ear to ear.<br />
<br />
他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
<br />
They pinched and scraped, but still spent more than their income. At the end of every month, Lanying and the painter would empty out their pockets face to face.<br />
<br />
“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, we haven't bought the meat for this month yet." Lanying said.<br />
<br />
“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
<br />
"Let’s buy it." The painter said, "It's Sunday. It’s time to improve a meal."<br />
<br />
妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服口袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
<br />
The wife had been penniless for a while. The painter turned his pockets inside out to scrap up enough money to buy a catty of meat.<br />
<br />
儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
<br />
The son, who had already prepared a small snow sled and waited there, took the money and ran away with joy.<br />
<br />
过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
<br />
After a while, the son's cheer came from the door: "Come on, the meat is bought back!"<br />
<br />
画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
<br />
The painter and his wife ran out to greet it, but they were stunned: "Where's the meat?"<br />
<br />
儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚才他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤肉颠得没影了……<br />
<br />
My son looked back and saw that the snow sled was empty. He was too happy and run too fast, the catty of meat tossed away…<br />
<br />
“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
<br />
As the "buyer" had never failed in his duty, he became downhearted this time. The painter and Lanying had to comfort their son, holding his embarrassed little face and laughing.<br />
<br />
儿子也笑了。一场精神上的欢笑 代替了假日的会餐。<br />
<br />
The son laughed too. A time of mirth in spirit replaced the holiday meal.<br />
<br />
在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, the so-called "spiritual aristocrats" were finding jobs for themselves. Some decorated the facade of restaurants and hotels, painting some pictures to exchange bottles of wine and whole cases of fish. Some were busy with their household sidelines, producing modern furniture by hand. Others worked as art tutors, and if the students they taught had good backgrounds, their situations would soon be improved. But Yuan Yunsheng did not get any "extra money" and did not look for a way out. He was very busy. He worked during the day, honestly completing the tasks given to him and trying not to be faulted; after he came back home at night, he indulged in painting, steeping himself in his beloved art, and didn’t have time to do the housework.<br />
<br />
在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似的想点办法?”<br />
<br />
At the most difficult time for the family, Lanying said to Yunsheng in a tentative tone, "Could you think of some ways like others?"<br />
<br />
“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
<br />
"Think of what?" The painter asked in amazement.<br />
<br />
“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合过得去……”<br />
<br />
"I don't ask for anything more." The wife said, "I mean, if possible, to make life at home barely get by..."<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head: "There is a way. But that would wreck my art!"<br />
<br />
妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题一搁,永远不再提起。<br />
<br />
The wife knew the weight of the word "art" in her husband's heart. The subject was put aside, and never mentioned again.<br />
<br />
兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥一顿饱一顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣服洗一洗吧。”<br />
<br />
Lanying was sick from exhaustion, tortured by the pain of lumbar spine strain, and sometimes had to stay in bed. Whenever it happened, the sky of the family collapsed and everything was in chaos. The whole family ate erratically; when the children's clothes were dirty, they didn’t have others to change; the sheets were splattered with the painter's oil, like a canvas of an abstract painter... As a medical worker, Lanying had minimum requirements for sanitation. She could not tolerate it anymore, lying in bed and commending the painter: "Wash the sheets and clothes today."<br />
<br />
“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干一场。<br />
<br />
"Okay." The husband obediently put down the brush and rolled up his sleeves as if he was about to get some things done.<br />
<br />
他把床单和衣服泡了满满一盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他一忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;一忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
<br />
He soaked a full tub of sheets and clothes. As he washed, his hands on the washboard slowed down, and his eyes rested on the opposite wall. There hung a new painting, with the oil not yet dry. One minute he tilted his head sideways, looking pleased with himself; the next he frowned, as if he had found something unsatisfactory.<br />
<br />
他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
<br />
He stood up sharply, wiped his soapy hands on his breast, took a brush, and jumped on the bench, making some changes on the painting.<br />
<br />
兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过一丝苦笑。<br />
<br />
Lanying lay on the bed, with a wry smile flitting across the corner of his mouth.<br />
<br />
画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
<br />
The painter jumped off the bench and went back to the washtub. After a while, he couldn't help looking up at the wall again...<br />
<br />
一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,一共跳了多少次?”<br />
<br />
The day passed. He finally finished washing a tub of clothes, taking more than seven hours on it, and did not have time to cook. The whole family was hungry. Lanying, angry and amused, asked humorously, "Hey, how many times did you jump up and down from the bench?"<br />
<br />
画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
<br />
The painter shook his head blankly.<br />
<br />
兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪——整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
<br />
Lanying said: "You do not remember. I counted it for you--twenty times! Oh, what am I gonna do about you? When doing housework, you are lazy than anyone; when picking up the brush, you are more diligent than anyone..."<br />
<br />
天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入睡;儿子一沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另一只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
<br />
It was dark, and snow fell heavily outside the window, like tearing the cotton wool. Lanying, looking at the ceiling, wasn’t able to sleep; as soon as her son touched the pillow, he fell into a sound and sweet sleep. In the other corner of the hut, under the dim light, the painter was rocking his daughter with one hand, while the other hand was holding a brush and painting. He hummed an improvised lullaby, the song echoing softly in the hut...<br />
<br />
漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
<br />
They spent many nights like this in the long winter.<br />
<br />
兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为一个正直的画家的妻子的全部甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
<br />
The husband’s humming rang in Lanying’s ears, and she silently sank in thought. When she first fell in love with him, she admired his integrity and loyalty to art. Now, she had experienced all the joys and sorrows of being the wife of an upright painter. He was content with being poor and lonely. He didn’t have a normal family life, couldn’t see the light at the end of the tunnel, only asking for work, not the harvest... Who but his wife really understood him? He not only was not understood by the society, but he was also identified as a bad man, with sticks always waving above his head. Whenever thinking of these, the pain of the poor couple's disharmony dissipated, and the wife's heart turned into a spring water, full of female tenderness.<br />
<br />
她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
<br />
She thought, if two people shared the housework, they would get nothing done. Even if she had a terrible backache tomorrow, she had to bite the bullet and get up, bearing the heavy load of housework...<br />
<br />
车轮下<br />
<br />
Under the Wheels<br />
<br />
袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng slept late at night and when he rubbed his eyes the next morning, it was already broad daylight outside the window. "Shit!" He dressed frantically, "I'll be late again..."<br />
<br />
兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为一家人做早饭。<br />
<br />
Lanying had already got up, enduring the back pain, and was making breakfast for the family.<br />
<br />
画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
<br />
The painter asked in amazement, "Who told you to get up? You are not well yet!"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺一躺。”画家匆匆吃过早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
<br />
Lanying said, "It's nothing, I'm still on sick leave anyway. I can still lie down after you leave." The painter hurriedly ate the breakfast, pushed the bicycle and rushed out the door.<br />
<br />
在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过一场大雪,北风一刮,马路上结着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, it was the season when dripping water turned into ice and the breath from the mouth immediately turned to frost. After a heavy snowfall, and when the north wind blew, the roads were thick with ice. The trees on the roadside were covered with silver flowers, and the buildings shone with a dazzling silver glow like a richly decorated jade palace.<br />
<br />
画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命 的时刻。<br />
<br />
The painter was very anxious. Early in the morning, for others was the beginning of the day's work, but for him was the continuation of the night's work. The turn of day and night was the moment when he was busy running around and exhausted.<br />
<br />
人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
<br />
How many ordeals there were in life! Social, natural and accidental...<br />
<br />
穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽听一阵隆隆的马达声。一辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
<br />
Through a street, there was a busy intersection ahead, cars running like the tide. He rode forward cautiously, and suddenly heard a rumble of motors. A reckless truck crossed the intersection, refusing to slow down, as if there was no one else there. <br />
With fast speed, slippery ground, and without preparation, the painter had been too late to dodge it. A crush with a sound of bang, the painter flew far away with the car and fell to the ground. Just then, another truck came from the opposite side, and the painter was passed under the wheels of the truck like a ball...<br />
<br />
街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
<br />
When the people in the street saw this scene of tragedy, they screamed and froze there.<br />
<br />
卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
<br />
The truck driver lost his composure, forgetting to brake in the panic, and putting his right foot on the accelerator and drove on. The truck's big wheels ran over the bicycle, the steel frame uttered a short groan, and the bicycle seat was crushed into a ball. The truck kept going towards the painter.<br />
<br />
这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸口一轧,就算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
<br />
It was a moment of pain, a moment of approaching death. It was over. As soon as the car rolled over his chest, his life was over. He had suffered repeatedly on the road of life, and had never been willing to give in to the fate, but this time he was afraid that he would not be able to escape. He left his beloved art, his wife and children, and died meaninglessly...<br />
<br />
按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同情——预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头——抗争！<br />
<br />
According to Goethe, people could only have three feelings about their own sufferings and that of others: fear, terror and sympathy--the anxiety of foreseeing the coming catastrophe, the unexpected discovery of current suffering and the sympathy for the suffering of the time or the past. However, the painter, who fell under the wheel, had none of these three feelings in the hazy consciousness that flashed through his mind. Even at such a moment, he showed his stubborn character, and had only one strong thought--to struggle!<br />
<br />
接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
<br />
What happened next was unbelievable to the startled roadside pedestrians. They saw the body that fell under the truck suddenly straightened up, stretching out a pair of arms, and clinging to the front bumper of the truck. The truck roared and shook, as if to destroy the barrier; the person under the wheels struggled, slid, and refused to give up. People in the streets of Changchun saw a scene of flesh and blood stubbornly fighting with the steel monster.<br />
<br />
“千万不能倒下！”画家想,“一倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
<br />
"I must not fall down!" The painter thought, "If I fall down, I'll never get up again..."<br />
<br />
卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
<br />
The truck dragged the painter along the icy road, for 5 meters, 10 meters... Until the driver regained his normal reflexes, he hit the brake, overcoming the car's inertia.<br />
<br />
画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
<br />
The painter was injured seriously and his clothes were torn into ragged strips. He was taken to the hospital.<br />
<br />
抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天才清醒过来。<br />
<br />
When Lanying, who was sick at home, heard the news, there was a buzz in her head, and she felt that the sky was spinning, and her legs went limp. It took her a long time to wake.<br />
<br />
兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾一切地赶到医院。存车的时候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙怎么也拔不出来。<br />
<br />
Lanying got on her bicycle and, not knowing where she got the strength, she rushed to the hospital regardless. When she stored the car, she lost strength again. She could hardly look at the hospital door, her hands were shaking, and she could not pull the key out.<br />
<br />
存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚才进医院的时候,自己还能走路。”<br />
<br />
The old lady at the parking lots recognized Lanying: "You are Yuan's lover, right? Don't be afraid. He just walked into the hospital by himself."<br />
<br />
兰英这才觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
<br />
Lanying felt relieved now.<br />
<br />
兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫妻双双躺在床上。<br />
<br />
Lanying took her husband home to recover from his injuries. After this mental stimulation, the sick wife’s body was heavier. Both the couple lay in bed.<br />
<br />
孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和女儿一人捧回一包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
<br />
The child was left unattended. Lanying took out a few cents and asked the children to buy food. After a while, the son and daughter each brought back a packet of cookies, standing by the bed with tears in their eyes.<br />
<br />
儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
<br />
The son said, "Dad, eat this."<br />
<br />
女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
<br />
The daughter said, "Daddy, eat mine."<br />
<br />
兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿......<br />
<br />
Lanying took the children into her arms, wiping away the tears on their little faces for both of them. The children understood the family situation and tasted the desolation and fears of life too soon. Lanying only regrated that she couldn’t have more money to give her husband and children a little spiritual and physical compensation...<br />
<br />
画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰问。他们留下一百块钱赔偿经济损失——画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
<br />
While the painter was recovering from his injuries, the driver who caused the accident and the head of his unit came to his house to apologize and express sympathy. They left a hundred yuan to compensate for the economic loss--the painter's clothes, bicycle and medical expenses.<br />
<br />
客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
<br />
After the guests left, the painter sat on the bed, deep in thought.<br />
<br />
兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看一眼也令人伤心。<br />
<br />
Lanying looked at the pile of money and sighed sadly. Because her husband got it by escaping from death, she was sad even by glancing at it.<br />
<br />
画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
<br />
The painter suddenly got out of bed and paced around the house.<br />
<br />
“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, are you crazy?" His wife said with the tone of blame, "Your leg is not yet healed. Back to bed!"<br />
<br />
画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民——我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去！”<br />
<br />
The painter walked up to his wife, his eyes shining with excitement, "Look, I can walk! You know, I haven't gone out to paint for a long time, because I don't have that condition. How I long for the grassland in northern Shaanxi, the rushing Yellow River, and the people there--I'll take this money and go to Yan'an to paint from life!"<br />
<br />
这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是一个贫病交困的人的最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对一些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那样遥远,拼着性命才能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
<br />
This was the voice in the heart of the artist who just got up from under the wheel! This was the highest hope of a poor and sick man! His request was so limited, which didn’t matter to some people, but was so far away for him, who needed to fight for it with his life. Lanying felt like her chest was hit hard, with her heart burning, and ran out of words. She looked at her husband's sincere face, and understood it. Now that it could bring joy and satisfaction to him who longed to paint, then let him go.<br />
<br />
数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
<br />
A few days later, Yuan Yunsheng, dragging his unhealed body, carrying a heavy pack and painting tools, set off on a snowy and windy road with his wife's affectionate gaze...<br />
<br />
袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng went through difficulties on the trip to northern Shaanxi. As months went by, his face was engraved with the marks of the plateau sun and sandstorms, and he returned home with his bag full of sketches.<br />
<br />
袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,一举一动都受到街道居委会的监视。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing, he went to see Jiang Feng. At that time, the air in Beijing was suffocating. Jiang Feng was over 60 years old, whose situation was even worse than before. He lived alone in a messy compound, and his every move was monitored by the street committee.<br />
<br />
袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没有什么值得高兴的——中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路线走一遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng sat in front of the past the secretary of the Party Committee, bringing recent news of the old areas of northern Shaanxi. The news was nothing to cheer about--the People's Republic of China had been founded for more than twenty years, and everywhere he went along the route of the Red Army’s strategic shift, the people were still living in poverty. The young painter declaimed against the country’s failings, but suddenly thought that the walls have ears, and worried about the situation of the old man, so he dropped the subject and quietly looked at Jiang Feng.<br />
<br />
江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上挂着一幅画框,嵌着一张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng listened peacefully, looking calm, and had not intention of stopping him. On the wall behind him hung a framed sketch, which was exactly the one that Yuan Yunsheng painted for Jiang Feng in the Shuangqiao farm ten years ago. The old man maintained his inherent dignity as usual, and was a true tough man. Yuan Yunsheng experienced once again the spiritual power that calmed people down.<br />
<br />
袁运生打开画夹,把一组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng opened the portfolio and placed a group of sketches of people in northern Shaanxi in front of Jiang Feng, including a shepherd with a wrinkled face, a young people with a cold gaze showing disdain for everything, and a rural girl with her head bowed in contemplation... These characters were real and simple, with distinctive characters, and the unprovoked, unintelligible or artificial smiles that often appeared in general paintings could not be found on their faces. He painted the unique temperament of the people in northern Shaanxi.<br />
<br />
“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
<br />
"No one will publish these pictures if you take them out now." Jiang Feng said, "Maybe if you lose sincerity, you will get praise. But I think you are on the right way. The artist can't cater to the mass!"<br />
<br />
袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手一丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out another long scroll of landscape, 68 centimeters wide and more than 400 centimeters long. This painting depicted the lofty Jiaji Pagoda, the flowing water of the Yellow River that broke the ice, and the vast plateau scenery. It took him two whole days to stand in the cold wind and meticulously paint it with his frozen hands, and the strokes were rigorous and majestic.<br />
<br />
画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于1974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
<br />
In one corner of the picture were noted a few lines of small characters: "Written two days after painting at the end of December 1974, when the Yellow River water just broke the ice and flowed on."<br />
<br />
江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他说:“呵,黄河!一泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声音……"<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng extremely liked it after looking at it. The familiar scenery in northern Shaanxi in the picture evoked the strong feelings of the veteran of Yan’an. He said, "Oh, Yellow River! Flowing down vigorously, rushing and surging, and stirring up lofty high raging waves. I seem to hear its voice again..."<br />
<br />
春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了!<br />
<br />
The day finally came like the spring water breaking through the ice and fire erupting from the heart of the earth!<br />
<br />
担担画<br />
<br />
Shoulder Pole Painting<br />
<br />
“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
<br />
When the "Gang of Four" disappeared from political life, the art world burst into life.<br />
<br />
美术界一些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头角,施展才华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是一个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。这个磨砺精深的艺术家，就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
<br />
Some upright men in the art world sympathized with Yuan Yunsheng, whose talent had been buried for many years, and hoped that he could show his talent again. Zhang Ding, the president of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, wrote specially to recommend him to paint. Fei Zheng, who was now the vice chairman of the Hebei Art Association, also made an effort to help him. However, all these efforts were mildly rebuffed and turned back by various excuses. It was clear that Yuan Yunsheng's name was still an ominous thing, subject to indifference and discrimination. This artist with superb painting skills did not even have the opportunity to draw a comic book.<br />
<br />
乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
<br />
Even when it's warmer there is still a chill. It is most difficult to keep well.<br />
<br />
在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,一头不驯服的长发如垂下万根烦恼丝 。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
<br />
In his humble room in Changchun, Yuan Yunsheng was drawing a portrait of himself with a brush in his hand in front of a mirror. A head full of sadness appeared on the sketch, with deep creases, a weed-like beard, and long untamed hair such as hanging down ten thousand trouble silk. His hair was very long and he didn’t have time to care about it, so rarely trimmed it. This appearance, from the personality of the art, matched the painter's difficult state of mind and stubborn temperament... He was nearly forty years old. Since the criticism of ''Memory of the Water Town'', he had not painted a picture according to his own will for more than ten years. How could it not make him have thousands of trouble silk!<br />
<br />
他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
<br />
He threw down his paintbrush irritably and picked up a novel to kill time.<br />
<br />
兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
<br />
Every time Lanying returned home, she always asked with concern, "Yunsheng, have you got any news?"<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head, and the wife sighed.<br />
<br />
兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
<br />
Lanying was already a middle-aged woman. She gave birth to a third child and shouldered the burden of a family of five. On the family agenda, Lanying's main concern was still her husband's art. Art brought joy to her husband, and his joy was her joy. She also waited with the same anxiety.<br />
<br />
1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
<br />
In May 1978, the enthusiastic efforts of a few friends finally paid off, and Yuan Yunsheng got a chance to go out sketching in the beautiful Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province.<br />
<br />
他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了妻子,全家人像过节一样快乐。<br />
<br />
When he received the telegram from Yunnan People's Publishing House, he was ecstatically happy. He immediately told his wife this excellent thing and the whole family was happy just like at a festival.<br />
<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
<br />
His son asked curiously, "Dad, what does Xishuangbanna look like?"<br />
<br />
“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
<br />
"Beautiful!" He said with a smile, "I'll show you the picture I paint when I came back."<br />
<br />
女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
<br />
His daughter tugged at his coat: "Dad, what good things are there in Xishuangbanna?"<br />
<br />
“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
<br />
"There’s a lot of fruit." He stroked his daughter's head, "I'll buy some for you to eat."<br />
<br />
他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
<br />
He was busy packing and organizing his painting tools, making a big mess, and he could not wait to start on his way.<br />
<br />
兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying looked at the things spread all over the floor and asked in amazement: "Why do you bring so many things?"<br />
<br />
丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注一掷了!”<br />
<br />
Her husband said, "It's a rare opportunity, so I need to go for broke!"<br />
<br />
是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使一颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴一样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
<br />
Yes, this painter had been treated coldly for many years. If you think about his action of picking himself up from under the wheel and going to northern Shaanxi that year, you can understand his feelings at this moment. He was eager to go deeply into life and considered it more important than life. Now, a publishing unit sent a formal invitation to him, which made the heart of a man who was loyal to art ablaze like dry firewood.<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,一针针,一线线,直缝到天色薄明。<br />
<br />
In the evening, Lanying found some old cloth and sewed a backpack for her husband under the lamp, needle by needle, thread by thread, until the break of dawn.<br />
<br />
“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
<br />
"How long will you go this time?" Lanying asked.<br />
<br />
“三个月吧。”画家说,“你一个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
<br />
"About three months." The painter said, "Can you take after three children alone?"<br />
<br />
妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
<br />
The wife smiled: "I'm satisfied that you can think of my difficulties..."<br />
<br />
这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府——景洪。他被西双版纳惊人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁着珠光宝气。<br />
<br />
In May of that year, Yuan arrived at Jinghong, the capital of Xishuangbanna, on the banks of the Lancang River. He was deeply shocked by the amazing beauty of Xishuangbanna. When he looked up, everywhere was rich green, and everywhere was picturesque. <br />
The forest was as green as emerald, the valley was like being paved with green velvet, the river was like flowing congealed fat, and the moist air also felt like crystal. No wonder the Dai people compared Xishuangbanna to a shining jewel. The mountains and waters here were glittering with pearls.<br />
<br />
有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
<br />
Who could feel the beauty of life better than a painter? There were so many beautiful sceneries, as if he came to the paradise in hope. The creator of nature seemed to have a special love for this land and poured out the romantic colors of the world everywhere, so that he feasted his eyes on it and he was ecstatic!<br />
<br />
他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地 。招待所的服务人员很有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进一间中等客房。<br />
<br />
He checked in the Jinghong hostel and took a break, preparing to go deeper into the Xishuangbanna. The hostel staff received the painter politely, leading him into a moderate room.<br />
<br />
画家开口就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "How much does this room cost for one day?"<br />
<br />
服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
<br />
The staff said, "Two yuan and a half."<br />
<br />
“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
<br />
"Is there any room cheaper?"<br />
<br />
“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"There is one for seventy dimes a day."<br />
<br />
“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"Good! I’ll check in this room."<br />
<br />
他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下一步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
<br />
He was used to being careful with his money. When he left Changchun, he borrowed a limited amount of money from his unit. He spent a large part of it in the road, and the next economic source was still unknown... The painter plunged into the thick of life and everyone lived well, but he was willing to live in the bottom.<br />
<br />
幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
<br />
Fortunately, Fei Zheng supported him again, sending him 300 yuan from Hebei. This was three-quarters of Fei Zheng's demobilization fee. This timely and generous support gave Yuan Yunsheng the courage to move forward.<br />
<br />
云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
<br />
The Yunnan People's Publishing House assigned a young editor to accompany Yuan Yunsheng to paint. When the Dai boy came to meet him at the hostel, the painter took out everything he had brought from Changchun.<br />
<br />
好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有140多斤重。小伙子看了直抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
<br />
My goodness! The big wooden box contained 18 pieces of plywood, several big bundles of manuscript paper, and a backpack as big as a sack, which was stuffed with pigments, painting tools and daily necessities... They weighed more than 140 pounds altogether. The young man scratched the back of his head after looking at them. He couldn’t imagine how the painter carried them off the train and took them into the dense forests of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out a shoulder pole, smiling at the young man.<br />
<br />
瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
<br />
Look how proud he was, as if he wanted to take the natural scenery of Xishuangbanna into his bag. A few days later, he picked this bent shoulder pole, into the lush subtropical jungle...<br />
<br />
奏鸣曲<br />
<br />
Sonata<br />
<br />
瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
<br />
Look, that was the big banyan tree! Its crown was like clouds that could shelter against the sun, as a solemn and benevolent old grandmother.<br />
<br />
呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
<br />
Ah, that was the areca nut tree, straight and tall, and the local young men and women used it to symbolize everlasting love.<br />
<br />
那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝一样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
<br />
That was the sandalwood tree, whose branches and leaves were as thin as hair. It looked so dashing, like a poet reciting poetry with his hair hanging down.<br />
<br />
就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
<br />
Even the bamboo forest here was different. It was luxuriant and verdant, growing in clusters, like a peacock showing its tail.<br />
<br />
西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在一棵树前,一画就是一整天。<br />
<br />
The plants in Xishuangbanna were the most beautiful! The abundant sunshine and humid climate gave the plant population a particularly rich, dense, and graceful image. The world here was unparalleled, and was looked full of beautiful things. The painter had to suppress his excitement, to gather his feelings and to retain his feelings more precisely in a slower way. He stood in front of a tree and painte all day.<br />
<br />
“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
<br />
"Hey, what kind of tree is that?" The painter asked his fellow editor.<br />
<br />
“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
<br />
"It's called the pattra-leaf tree." The young man enthusiastically introduced, "The Dai people use its leaves instead of paper, and many ancient folklores are recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra."<br />
<br />
袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。每一笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理睬......<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng spread out the paper and painted the unique canopies of the pattra-leaf tree, which were in order, as if the tree wore an armor made of metal chains. Each brush stroke played its role, showing the vitality of green life in layers on the paper. The tropical sun was shooting flames above the painter's head, and it was very hot that beads of sweat oozed from his head. Swarms of insects flew out of the grass and could not be driven away. His legs were red and felt itchy from being bitten. He shook his head helplessly and simply ignored them...<br />
<br />
中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来才深有感受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
<br />
At noon, the young man brought two glutinous rice cakes and thrust them into the painter's hand: "I deeply feel that painting is really a hard job when I come out with you."<br />
<br />
画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在一起的......”<br />
<br />
The painter said with a smile, "Beauty and bitter are always linked together..."<br />
<br />
他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
<br />
They had been staying in a Dai family's bamboo hut. The painter got to know the customs of this warm and kind ethnic group from the perspective of daily life.<br />
<br />
每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
<br />
Every day after dinner, the painter came out of the bamboo hut and went to the forest glade. This was the most charming moment in Xishuangbanna. The sunset glow tinted the village, the treetops, and the water of Lancang River red. A group of Dai girls came slowly, carrying small spinning wheels on their shoulders, small lanterns in their hands, and their tight and floor-length dresses swaying with the wind. They were so slender, so light on their feet, and so graceful, as if a group of beautiful fairies had descended from the sky.<br />
<br />
“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露一截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后一盘,自然地溜向一边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
<br />
"So beautiful!" The painter expressed his feeling to the companion, "Look, those girls' girdles, golden and silver, are like exquisite crafts. But I will never paint their girdles, which will separate the body and destroy the integrity of it. I prefer their natural dressing. See, those girls' dressing is very natural. Their jackets are short, their skirts are long, and a part of the waist is exposed between the jacket and the skirt, which is a high level of aesthetic point of view, making them look slim and tall, pavilion... And look at their hairstyle, tying the hair into a bun, which is naturally slipped to one side. It has got a real Tang style! This ethnic group is amazing. They know best the beauty of details..."<br />
<br />
少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来一阵阵悠扬的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
<br />
The girls dispersed to all corners of the forest glade. Small groups of boys came out of nowhere, and gathered around the girls, talking and laughing. Through the twilight, an orange lantern was lit, and there came the sound of spinning wheels. Dai women had known since childhood not to rely on their parents but to rely on hard-working hands to prepare their own dowry. They were weaving happy love.<br />
<br />
诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就在苦苦思索一个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
<br />
The poetic atmosphere of the southern border was knocking on the window of the artist's inspiration. Whenever such a moment came, Yuan Yunsheng was thinking hard about a question: What was the master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
<br />
Was beauty in your colorful appearance and jewelry with pearls and jades? Painted your face, but could not paint your unique charm; collapsed at your feet, only acting as a servant of the naturalism.<br />
<br />
面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我感受却不尽相同。一百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,一百种不同的表现方法。<br />
<br />
Faced with the same object, the images on different painters’ retinas were the same; however, their own feelings were not the same. A hundred painters could have a hundred different answers, and a hundred different methods of expression.<br />
<br />
艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。 <br />
<br />
Art was valued for having a "self". He was looking for “his” own Xishuangbanna.<br />
<br />
从夏末到中秋,他在一串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勐定的一个偏僻的小村寨。<br />
<br />
From late summer to mid-autumn, he left his footprints in a string of pearl-like place names, and then came to a small remote village in Mengding.<br />
<br />
这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本寨的荣耀。<br />
<br />
The painter's visit caused a sensation in the small cottage, where apparently few guests had visited. During the evening meeting, the whole village cast warm and curious glances at him with laughter and noise, as if his arrival was an honor for the village.<br />
<br />
同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无力同病魔斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是“鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者一商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
<br />
The fellow editor told him that the village was called "Ghost Village". Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Dai people could not fight against illnesses. If someone was ill, it was said that he was possessed by a "ghost". When someone in the same village was pointed out to be the incarnation of the "ghost", several "respected" elders would immediately drive him out after discussion. Over time, those who were driven out formed a village, gathering a group of people who were discriminated against.<br />
<br />
“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的一瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
<br />
The sufferings of the people in the "ghost village" drew the deep sympathy of the painter. The painter cast a friendly glance at them and found that the people here had beautiful looks. If the Dai ethnic group was a beautiful ethnic group, this village was the essence of beauty. The girls like flowers, the charming women, the sturdy young men, all of whom were happy to accept the painter's request to make a sketch of themselves. Later, they simply came to the painter's home and stood in front of him with good grace, hoping to attract his attention. The painter was so busy that he waved his hand without a break. They loved beauty by nature and were proud of it.<br />
<br />
小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在一起进餐,然后由男方挑着担子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像一泓溪水那样清澈。<br />
<br />
Life in the small village was calm and quiet. The painter lived for many days and he didn't hear of any family quarrel. Men and women were financially independent of each other, and earned income, daily necessities, and working tools were clearly divided. When there were rifts in a family, the woman usually proposed to move away. The whole family sat quietly together for a meal before her departure, and then the man carried the pole to see her off. They treated each other with respect. The old and young were in harmony with each other. The young generation respected the elders and served them with courtesy; the elders took care of the younger generation, but never rigidly restrain them... What a simple relationship between them! It was not polluted by the secular society, as clear as a stream.<br />
<br />
一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
<br />
After a day’s work, the young men and women danced the Elach on the green grass. Joyful drumbeats and the crisp sound of gongs created a distinctive rhythm. The girls formed a queue, stepping gracefully and stretching their soft arms. They had reserved and self-respecting looks with a solemn yearning in the haze. What were they yearning for?<br />
<br />
这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在古老的贝叶经里的传说——从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑娘们生出一计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头一沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
<br />
This was a common dance in the Water-Sprinkling Festival. The Dai editor who accompanied the painter told the painter a legend recorded in the ancient the Pattra-leaf Sutra--once upon a time there was an ugly demon Lord who wanted to take the beautiful girls from each village for himself. He plundered six girls and wanted to take the seventh one, which was hated by the Dai people. The girls came up with a plan to get him drunk and asked him, "What are you most afraid of?" The devil said that he was afraid of nothing. He could only be strangled with his hair, but he could be reborn when his head touched the ground... The girls strangled his head while he was drunk. In order to keep his head from touching the ground, the girls took turns to hold his head in their hands. The annual Water-Sprinkling Festival was to celebrate the people's victory over devilry and to wash away the dirty stains left behind by the demon Lord, so that the spring of freedom and happiness was always in the hearts of the Dai people...<br />
<br />
晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
<br />
At night, the painter returned to the bamboo hut. The moonlight was bright and the shadow of trees was dancing, like flowing mercury pouring in front of the door. On this silent night, he could not sleep for a long time.<br />
<br />
广为流传的神话传说,往往是一个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑海里汇集,逐渐熔化为一团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西双版纳。这是一个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条——单纯与丰富高度和谐地统一!<br />
<br />
Widespread myths and legends were often the windows to the mind of an ethnic group. The story about the origin of the Water-Sprinkling Festival deepened the painter's understanding of this ethnic group who loved beauty. Since he set foot on the land of Xishuangbanna, the mountains, rivers, forests, people and landscapes he saw were like countless colorful light spots, whirling and flickering, gathering in his mind, and gradually melting into a bright flame, which rose from the canopy of thinking. Oh! The master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna, wasn’t the spiritual power of the Dai people to worship a better future and great love? Their hearts were so clean that they always kept their ethnic group’s nature of purity. So, the colorful and vibrant plants, and the natural and simple Dai women with their unique beauty constituted the painter’s general image of Xishuangbanna: "my" own Xishuangbanna. This was a world of lines, soft and elastic lines, unrestrained and smooth lines, upright and beautiful lines, and also tangled and slow lines like gossamers--simplicity and richness were highly harmonious!<br />
<br />
他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的一组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
<br />
He waved lines and made hundreds of line-drawing paintings. If the heavy color painting was compared to the symphony, the line drawing was the solo of lines. Yuan Yunsheng's artistic style, which was formed through years of honing, showed a fantastic charm in the solo of lines. It was a set of passionate sonatas that he dedicated to the Dai people with sincere feelings.<br />
<br />
昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
<br />
Kunming held an exhibition for Yuan Yunsheng. His paintings were delivered to the Yunnan People's Publishing House for selection and editing. The foreword written for him by the editor Liu Shaohui began with a few lines from the Dai folk narrative poem ''The Gourd Letter''.<br />
<br />
公主啊!<br />
<br />
O Princess!<br />
<br />
你是一颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
<br />
You are a brilliant jewel,<br />
<br />
但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
<br />
I wish I were a silversmith,<br />
<br />
把宝石镶在我的心上......<br />
<br />
Setting the jewel in my heart...<br />
<br />
他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
<br />
He praised Yuan Yunsheng for setting the "jewel" of Xishuangbanna in his heart.<br />
<br />
二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
<br />
For more than twenty years, it was the first time Yuan Yunsheng heard an affirmation of his art.<br />
<br />
袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
<br />
During his stay in Yunnan, Yuan Yunsheng constantly received letters from his wife, who told him they were safe.<br />
<br />
兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
<br />
What Lanying said in the letter made the painter felt like drinking a glass of sweet spring water, cool and delicious, soothing and cheerful when he read each letter. At the end of his wife's letters, there were always these lines: "Don't worry about the family. Paint your paintings, and if you can't finish them, you don't have to hurry back..."<br />
<br />
画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
<br />
The painter smiled with relief. During his busy days in Xishuangbanna, his main worry was "the fire in the backyard", but his wife's letter lifted his worries.<br />
<br />
其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
<br />
In fact, it was an eventful year. A wind of earthquakes blew in Changchun, and the whole city was in a panic. People were busy building quake-proof shelters, moving things, and transferring to shelters.<br />
<br />
画家在长春的一个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁愕然了。<br />
<br />
A friend of the painter in Changchun, thinking of the painter's wife and children, rushed to their home to visit. He was stunned.<br />
<br />
这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出一个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗震棚挪动着……<br />
<br />
The humble room was as it had been, and the furniture and sundries were not organized. The children were playing with their heads down. Lanying, bending over and sweating, dragged out a heavy wooden box full of the painter's paintings from the house, and moved it to the nearby quake-proof shelter...<br />
<br />
显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
<br />
Obviously, this was the most precious thing in the heart of the painter's wife. She knew the painter's hardship best, understanding the value of art from the hardships of it.<br />
<br />
朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道。<br />
<br />
The friend's heart trembled with excitement. Lanying still did not tell her husband about this. If his friend had not later recounted the scene he saw, he would never have known.<br />
<br />
壁画之梦 <br />
<br />
The Dream of Murals<br />
<br />
不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。 <br />
<br />
At some point, through the glass window covered with ice flowers, a hazy blue light came in, like a fairy stretching out her white arms and lifting the veil as soft as a dream.<br />
<br />
屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀一样扑朔不定。 <br />
<br />
The room seemed bright and dim, with faint yellow glow of the electric light and murky air around, and the glow fluttered in a haze of smoke like wings.<br />
<br />
他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。 <br />
<br />
He wagged his head vigorously, and rubbed his eyes. The paintings on the table turned into a white mist, rising and spreading. Everything was blurred.<br />
<br />
他搞不清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里…… <br />
<br />
He didn’t know whether he was awake at the moment, or vaguely in a dream...<br />
<br />
昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。一抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从梦境回到了现实的世界。 <br />
<br />
Last night he slept too late and smoked too much. Or rather, he didn't sleep, just lying next to the messy paintings and ashtray full of cigarette butts on the table for a while. When he looked up, it was dawn. The first ray of morning sunlight caressed the buildings in the suburbs of Beijing. He pushed the window open, and let the cold morning breeze chase away the fatigue of the night. He went back from the dream to the real world.<br />
<br />
这是1979年1月,在北京白家庄。 <br />
<br />
It was January 1979, in Baijiazhuang, Beijing.<br />
<br />
袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和工艺美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得到了推荐,也在被邀请之列。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing on his way home from a six-month-long trip to Yunnan. A great joy forced him to stay in Beijing. At that time, the new terminal building of Capital Airport was like a magnificent crystal palace going up in the eastern suburbs of Beijing, equipped with the world's most advanced technology. The spacious and comfortable departure lounges and restaurants, automatic doors, baggage carousels, weight scales with electronic digital display, special quartz clocks made by Seikosha, high-efficiency indoor air conditioning devices, precise navigation and communication systems... They constituted the magnificent air gateway of the capital, whose degree of modernization was unparalleled in China. In today's world, modern architectural design was integrated with exquisite art decoration, and the ancient mural art was revived, accommodating with the development of construction industry based on new industrial technology. People in charge of the capital airport were managers of the new enterprise indeed. They invited more than fifty excellent artists as well as arts and crafts workers, led by Zhang Ding, the dean of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, to create a large modern murals for the terminal building. Yuan Yunsheng, who had been silent for more than two decades, was lucky enough to be recommended and was among the invitees.<br />
<br />
随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使一些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单一些,拿他的话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。” <br />
<br />
With the opening of a crack in the window of ideological liberation in early 1979, the close relationship between literature and art and politics, which was very hot, was gradually adjusted over the years, making some artists calm down. They reconsidered the old and difficult proposition of the relationship between literature and art and politics, and denied the claim that literature and art was subordinate to politics. Their intentions were kind and peaceful, unwilling to use the arrow of art to touch sensitive political issues to avoid being blamed for something other than art; at the same time, they hoped to escape from the influence of the wind change and maintain the relative stability of the range of art, without rising or falling like a floating feather. But Yuan Yunsheng thought more simply, in his words, "Art is art, which needs to be sincere."<br />
<br />
袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节——生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻辑和客观条件应运而生的。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng's large mural design ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', was born based on this simple logic and objective conditions.<br />
<br />
候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的一块地方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴的哲理。他决定抦弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。” <br />
<br />
A large wall of the passenger’s dining room in the terminal, together with a corner, was given to him. What a big space! He stood before the white wall, astonished and delighted, wanting to pour out all the words in the heart to this wall. Artistic creation always spared no effort without reservation to present the most beautiful part of the artist's feelings of the mind. For more than twenty years, the language of art and life he had accumulated resounded in his heart like a surging river, and the unforgettable impression he had from his trip to Xishuangbanna was the climax of the good things and the leaping wave of his whole life experience. At that time, the only subject he thought of was the Water-Splashing Festival. The myths and legends he heard, recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra condensed the emotions like flames, the free imagination and the clear and pure philosophy of the tropical ethnic group. He decided to abandon the conception of genre and narrative paintings and used the lines he had practiced over the years to express the people's desire for a future of freedom and happiness. He said, “It is a pleasant surprise for me to paint a mural praising the spirit and sentiment of the Dai people on a huge wall with 27 meters wide and 3.4 meters high."<br />
<br />
主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知命运如何? <br />
<br />
Artists who advocated art for the sake of politics could also attribute this subject to politics. However, this idea, after all, left the specific political context and contained the deeper and more distant time and space as well as timeless themes. If it was in the past, such an artistic conception would have been intervened by politics and would have been accused of rebelling against orthodoxy. What was his fate this time?<br />
<br />
袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng's brother, Yuan Yunfu, gave him a room in his apartment in Baijiazhuang, which was both a bedroom and a studio. However, the small bed was rarely used. He spread out his sketch and entered a dream, a dream of flowing lines and beautiful colors...<br />
<br />
在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统一。那座大门却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门搏斗,一支接一支地吸烟,一张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。 <br />
<br />
In the dream of art, there were also untold troubles. Apart from anything else, the door in the wall of the dining room was annoying. Originally, the artistic language of mural should be harmonized with the artistic language of architecture. The door, however, divided the wall and become an obstacle to the artistic conception. He spent the whole night fighting with the annoying door, smoking one cigarette after another, and drawing one sketch after another. His brother lived in the room opposite to his room, who could see the light coming from the crack of the door all night long, and the smell of smoke wafted up. And his energy, effort and life were consumed in the light blue smoke. The next day when the door was opened, his face was pale.<br />
<br />
“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。 <br />
<br />
"How can your body stand it!" Yuan Yunfu said.<br />
<br />
“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……” <br />
<br />
"It's doesn't matter." He smiled faintly, "I get used to it..."<br />
<br />
在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出一股韧性。为了重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟此时的心情。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of the elder brother, his younger brother was a completely different people than before. On the night more than twenty years ago, when Yuan Yunsheng told his brother that he was classified as a "rightist” in the same room, his round face was full of innocence, as if he was telling a light anecdote. Now, that face had experienced the hardships and troubles of life, stumbling on the rugged road, and had become angular with a stern look, revealing a resilience. In order to regain this opportunity to create in Beijing, what a price he had to pay! Yuan Yunfu understood his brother's feelings at this time.<br />
<br />
整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法——“拱桥的两头很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》） <br />
<br />
All day long, Yuan Yunsheng locked himself in his room and had a dream of mural. He was inspired by the familar principle of the arch bridge in the suburbs of Suzhou, and found a way to cross the gate -- “The two ends of the arch bridge are very heavy, holding the towering and thin top. It is stable in mechanics, and how beautiful the curve like the rainbow is! The idea of constructing a rainbow of people with the activities of the Dai people is fascinating..." (quoted in ''Art Research'', Issue 1, 1980, Yuan Yunsheng: ''The Dream of Murals'')<br />
<br />
实现这个迷人的想法,真是一项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每一个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了…… <br />
<br />
It was a huge project to realize this fascinating idea. The splendid and colorful images of the Water-Splashing Festival came to his eyes: carrying water, sharing water, splashing water, dancing, boat racing, bathing at night, the quiet family life in the bamboo house of the Dai people and the young men and women who didn’t want to leave with each other in the jungle after dusk... Hundreds of characters appeared under his brush, and each of them was vivid and true. At the same time, it was decorative, exaggerated, personalized, and full of lyricism. The sketch was longer and longer, and the crowds like the rainbow were stretching out. The painter, who was immersed in the frenzy of his creation, seemed to be accompanied by music in his ears. He grasped the brush as if grasping the baton of the symphony orchestra, to express the shifts of melody and rhythm through the flowing lines, and the solemn, fervent and tenaciously upward theme song gradually rose up...<br />
<br />
又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还有灯光。 <br />
<br />
It was another early morning that Yuan Yunfu, who lived in the opposite room, woke up from his sleep and saw the light under the door of his brother’s room.<br />
<br />
这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunfu was also very tired these days. He also participated in the creation of murals at the Capital Airport, painting the first draft of ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan''. If he was exploring the path of art with his experience and artistic accomplishment, his brother was sprinting with his life. Half a month passed, in fifteen days and nights, the light in the opposite room did not go out. What an amazing perseverance! Even the golden stone should cry for his sincerity of the art... <br />
<br />
对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀! <br />
<br />
A light blue smoke was coming from the opposite room with a heavy coughing sound, each hoarser than the last. However, he was still painting, and still smoking incessantly. The coughing sound could be heard without end, and it was heart-wrenching to hear it in the silence before dawn. He was destroying the foundation of his health to build a spiritual building, and the lines on the sketch were clearly the blood streak of life!<br />
<br />
天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休息几天,回长春去过年吧。” <br />
<br />
After dawn, Yuan Yunfu said to his brother, "You probably forget that the day after tomorrow is Lunar New Year's Eve. I advise you to take a few days off and go back to Changchun for the New Year."<br />
<br />
袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用。第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制。” <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng shook his head, “I don’t have enough time. Although the second draft was drawn, but I haven’t had time to copy it."<br />
<br />
“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。” <br />
<br />
"You don’t care about your own body, but you have to think about Lanying.” His brother said. "You have been away from Changchun for more than six months. It is unreasonable for you not to go back for the Spring Festival."<br />
<br />
提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能在家待几天?” <br />
<br />
When it came to Lanying, Yuan Yunsheng was no longer obstinate. On New Year's Eve, he rushed back to Changchun. Lanying asked him, "How many days can you stay at home this time?"<br />
<br />
画家说:“春节一过,还得讨论画稿。这一稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "After the New Year, I still have to discuss the drafts. I have not made a copy of this one yet, so I brought it back home."<br />
<br />
兰英叹了一口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……” <br />
<br />
Lanying sighed, "So, even in the Spring Festival, you still can’t have a good rest..."<br />
<br />
画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "It's not difficult to copy, but it takes time."<br />
<br />
兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?” <br />
<br />
Lanying thought about it, "Well, can I help you?"<br />
<br />
画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。 <br />
<br />
The painter looked at his wife with affection and nodded.<br />
<br />
这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下一个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹…… <br />
<br />
This was the first time that Lanying was directly involved in her husband's artistic creation. At night, they turned on the lamp, set up a glass plate, laid out a translucent copy paper, and copied the painting of the Water-Splashing Festival together. This work, which celebrated the Dai people, also left traces of a Han woman's feelings...<br />
<br />
从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
<br />
From the first to the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, they spent their time in this way. Lanying and the painter stayed up late together.<br />
<br />
忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴云笼罩着...... <br />
<br />
The busy painter did not even notice that Lanying's thin face was more withered, covered by the heavy cloud of illness...<br />
<br />
牛皮纸 <br />
<br />
Kraft Paper<br />
<br />
春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。 <br />
<br />
Just after the Spring Festival, Yuan Yunsheng returned to Beijing with the colored design.<br />
<br />
绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
<br />
Preparations for the mural painting were under way intensely. In order to get the best artistic effect, Capital Airport imported a batch of acrylic paints from Hong Kong. This was a new painting material popular in Europe, America and Japan in recent years. It had bright and soft color, strong covering power, and was suitable for multi-layered sfumato and foil, and maintained the stability of the color of the painting for a long time under various conditions of wetting, drying, hot and cold.<br />
<br />
参加《泼水节——生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
<br />
Lian Weiyun and Fei Zheng, two collaborators who participated in the painting of ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', also arrived in succession. They were both accomplished middle-aged artists. After looking Yuan Yunsheng's design, they were impressed by the charm of the combination of traditional techniques of Chinese painting and western modern art, and were interested in it and eager to have a try.<br />
<br />
脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。 <br />
<br />
The scaffolding was set up and the walls were covered with solid backing cloth. Everything was ready and it was early summer. One day in June, Lanying came to Beijing from Changchun.<br />
<br />
兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的一次妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。 <br />
<br />
This time, Lanying made a special trip to Beijing to see a doctor. In fact, her condition had already been discovered. In a gynecological examination before the Spring Festival, the doctor felt an obvious foreign body in the uterus. Because her husband was away and she needed to take care of the children, her illness had not been treated. Recently, due to the rapid aggravation of her condition, she had to go to a large hospital in Beijing for a diagnosis.<br />
<br />
在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻待在一起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮工。 <br />
<br />
While waiting to see a doctor, Lanying and her husband stayed in a newly built hotel for international flight crews at the Capital Airport. The room was small but comfortable with spring beds, a bathroom, and shutters in the ceiling also indicated that there was air-conditioning equipment. Since her marriage, Lanying had never lived in such a high-class accommodation with her husband. However, the time the couple spent together was still limited. Every day, when the first purple rays of the morning sun came in through the curtains, Yuan Yunsheng turned over and got up, hurriedly wipded the face. The sound of rushing away footsteps could be heard in the corridor. After a busy day, it was already late at night when he returned, covered in sweat and paint, like a house repairman who had just climbed down from the scaffolding.<br />
<br />
好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是出乎意料的,几个月以前的一小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到癌——恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢? <br />
<br />
Finally, it was the day of diagnosis. When Lanying got the diagnosis, moving tired steps out of the hospital, she felt her body and mind sinking downward, as if sinking into a bottomless abyss. The rate of the development of the disease was unexpected, a small foreign body a few months ago had grown into a big lump. Lanying herself was a surgeon, with professional knowledge and clinical experience, who understood the seriousness in the rate of deterioration of the disease. She thought about cancer--malignant cells tended to cause malformed expansion, while benign tumors were relatively steady; if it was not cancer, it was just a fluke. She walked slowly, and her mind was empty, the grey mist floating and sparks of consciousness flickering on and off. She felt painfully, intuitively, that the defenses of her health had been destroyed by everyday’s pressure because of excessive worry and fatigue from chores over the years. Did her lover, her children and everything in the future still belong to her?<br />
<br />
她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了候机大楼,站在脚手架旁…… <br />
<br />
She went back to the airport. The painter could not be found at the accommodation during the day. She stepped across the long asphalt road, entered the terminal building, and stood by the scaffolding...<br />
<br />
大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着一场真正的建设——脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。 <br />
<br />
The lobby was spacious and solemn. The new glass windows reflected the blue sky, and the abundant light rushed in and then spread out, softly scattering on the four walls. Here, in the heat of June, there was a real construction going on--the huge structure of scaffolding climbing up to the roof; on the ground, brushes, palettes and paint buckets were piled up haphazardly, showing how busy the art site was.<br />
<br />
兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在…… <br />
<br />
Lanying looked up and found her husband's figure on the scaffolding. He bent over, holding a brush in his hand, sketching on the wall. His long black hair hang down from his forehead, swinging ceaselessly in the air with his body, as if a cellist holding the bowstring was absorbed in the enchanting music he was playing, and the world around him no longer existed...<br />
<br />
兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,一个艺术赤子的オ华、智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。 <br />
<br />
Lanying stood there dumbfounded. Here and now, perhaps only she could deeply understand her husband's state of mind. From the tiny world of that humble room in Changchun to this grand and spacious lobby, the talents, wisdom and suppressed ambition of a man who was loyal to art broke away from all fetters and poured out. He even wanted to put his hot life into the tip of the brush, pouring, splashing and melting into the picture in front of him.<br />
<br />
墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华! <br />
<br />
Various lines on the wall presented the dense jungle in Xishuangbanna, full of vitality. With the movement of the brush, like the process happened in color developer in the darkroom, the images of several Dai women gradually became clear. Their stretched waists, flexible arms, and action of strong inclination added the sense of motion of the scene of water splashing. Lanying seemed to hear the cheerful rhythm of the small gong and the exciting drumbeat of the elephant-foot drum. The hazy expressions in the women's faces had infinite yearnings. Thus, the dead wall became alive. It was the artist's passion for life was shining, the reproduction of a beautiful vision. The limited life of the artist was sublimated in the meaningful art!<br />
<br />
站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。 <br />
<br />
Standing behind the art stage to see the art was the easiest to touch off the aftertaste of life. <br />
<br />
兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得到了精神的补偿。 <br />
<br />
Lanying felt relaxed, and the heavy feeling like being clogged with lead when she left the hospital was alleviated. Art had already intruded into her destiny, turning her from an outsider into an insider. She got spiritual compensation from the breath of artistic creation.<br />
<br />
这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查有结果了吗?” <br />
<br />
At this time, the painter climbed down from the scaffolding, spotted his wife at a glance, and walked quickly towards her, "Did you get the result of the examination at the hospital?"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说......” <br />
<br />
Lanying said. "Go on with your work. I’ll talk to you when we came back..."<br />
<br />
妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。” <br />
<br />
The peaceful face of his wife reassured the painter. He said, "You should stay in your room and have a good rest."<br />
<br />
“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
<br />
"I'm not tired. Lanying smiled faintly and said with studied casualness, "What can I do for you?"<br />
<br />
Chapter Two<br />
<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对一对画稿上的人物动作。” <br />
<br />
The painter seriously considered for a moment: “Oh, I need you here. Please imitate and check the action of the characters on the sketch for our reference.” <br />
<br />
“好吧。”妻子应允了。 <br />
<br />
"All right." The wife agreed.<br />
<br />
兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容…… <br />
<br />
Lanying made various body movements on the painter’s instructions. Fortunately, she was an active member of the literary and artistic activities twenty years ago with a little dance skills, natural movements, and an ideal slender body. It consumed a lot of time, and the painter looked left and right, directing Lanying's posture while examining the characters on the sketch. For Lanying, who was ill, it was an excessive burden. But she maintained a dignified posture with great endurance, and a serene smile appeared on her pale and tired face...<br />
<br />
几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为一个外科医生,如果给自己开一张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的一桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カ一搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏在心底很久很久了。 <br />
<br />
A few days later, Lanying boarded the northbound train and left Beijing. Her husband went to the station to see her off. Until the moment before her departure, the wife did not tell her husband about her illness. Lanying repeatedly considered the gains and losses. As a surgeon, she would not have hesitated to write “hospitalize immediately and surgically remove" if she had given herself a treatment order. The key to the treating a relentless tumor, whether it was benign or malignant, was to treat it in time.But she thought of her husband, and a wonderful career beyond him. Once she was hospitalized for a major surgery, her husband would not hesitate to accompany her and serve her, because she had no other close relatives in this world. In that way, the painter's work would stop, or at least be influence. Her husband was struggling on the difficult road of art and could not be delayed. Lanying had to give up her treatment, even if it meant the hope of life, in exchange for the extension of the artistic life. This idea, from the day she fell in love with the painter, had been buried in her heart for a long, long time.<br />
<br />
一声长笛,列车开走了,载着一颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾霭中...... <br />
<br />
With a whistle, the train drove away, carrying the heart of an ordinary but great woman, and disappearing in the fog...<br />
<br />
袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,一株热带丛林特有的鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像是在为自己的青春而骄傲…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng and his collaborators worked hard and four months passed. The painting work was coming to an end. Turning a corner of the wall, a view of Xishuangbanna at dusk appeared. In the light blue glow, there was a Passionfora edulis unique to the tropical jungle. Its luxuriant branches and leaves were like a cluster of hydrangea, forming a beautiful screen. Dai girls Girls who took a bath at night, holding a clay pot, poured clear spring water on their body. They wore their long and undulating hair down to the ground, which seemed like the ripples of water flowing from high mountains. After the bath, the girls were combing their long hair with a tender smile on their face, as if they were proud of their youth...<br />
<br />
环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。 <br />
<br />
Surrounding the girl's bodies were a few flowing lines, which were the outline of the clothes that was sketched out in the draft. The painter was still uncertain how to handle them. In the process of painting, the onlookers who came and went through the lobby paid special attention to the girls taking baths at night on the wall, wanting to see whether they would be clothed or not.<br />
<br />
洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。“我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的一种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况他画的是神话传说而不是习俗…… <br />
<br />
It is a common knowledge in life that taking a bath (rather than splashing water) needs to take off clothes. In life, Dai women were more innocent. During the days in Xishuangbanna, the painter bathed many times with Dai men and women at the well and in the Lancang River. They were natural and graceful, treating nudity as a as a creation of nature, so they did not feel it was very mysterious. “I admit that I have more conservative thinking.” Yuan Yunsheng said sincerely, “Because of this, I am more respectful of them.” In the history of painting, the language of nudity was an artistic language with rich expressiveness. Represented by Venus in ancient Greece, it developed into an independent aesthetic category. Similarly, using the language of nudity to express the author's worship of women and the praise for life became necessary for this particular scene in the mural. Not to mention that he painted myths and legends rather than customs...<br />
<br />
看来,画家打错了主意? <br />
<br />
It seems that the painter got the wrong idea?<br />
<br />
在一些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和犯罪搅成一池浑水。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of some people, the style of nude was a “evil custom of barbarians” in the west! The richer the material life of the west was, the poorer the spiritual civilization was to the extent that the body was not covered by clothes. On the contrary, the great revolution of spiritual culture and the great retrogression of material production occurred at the same period in our country. In the past ten years, people’s vision had been highly purified. Chinese women did not even want to wear skirts, cheongsams, or tight-fitting shirts, and wrapped themselves up tightly so as not to show their changeable lines. By doing so, they would not stain the eyes of others and desecrate their bodies. However, treating aesthetics as the result of getting rid of evil concepts did not improve the morality of the society, but brought spiritual impoverishment and degradation. As a result, just like the pure springs turned into muddy currents, art and crime were mixed into a pool of muddy water.<br />
<br />
盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。 <br />
<br />
In the height of summer, when the scene of “bathing at night" stood out, although the images of these young girls were decorative, symbolic and simple, it still caused a stir.<br />
<br />
这并不显眼的一角却引来一批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
<br />
This inconspicuous corner attracted numerous viewers, including curious people, anxious people, passers-by and spectators. People were talking about it in different tones, surprised, harsh or vulgar...<br />
<br />
这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不韪了。如要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的一场争论。 <br />
<br />
It was the first time in years that a nude appeared on modern Chinese murals. The author did a wrong thing that was considered as a big one at the time. If he wanted to solve dispute, it was easy, lifting the brush, smearing a few strokes, and dressing the figures in blouses and skirts, which cost nothing. Then he and his whole family would be blessed and away from misfortune. But he was reluctant to do that. He thought of a controversy in history over the issue of nude art.<br />
<br />
六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的一班轻薄少年、无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军阀败北。 <br />
<br />
Sixty years ago, a group of courageous painters in Shanghai were reviled for using nudity in their teachings and creations. At that time, the newspapers published many critical articles, saying that the painter “offended public decency”, “wanted to make the women of the world into a shameless position" and “broke down the boundaries between Chinese men and women”... And at that time, a group of libertines and loafers in Shanghai took nude photos for sale, which provided handles to trolls. Until the warlord Sun Chuanfang was angered, the painter was wanted by telegram. The painter concentrated all his efforts on rising to the challenge without fear, and wrote articles saying that “Scoundrels made nude photos and obscene picture of prostitutes to attract others for profit, I am very sad... Why Private Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts is blamed? Why I am blamed?” "I advocated that ambition of art shouldn’t be takev away... Although I have to defy all difficulties and dangers, I will never refuse.” The struggle ended in victory for the painter and defeat for the warlord.<br />
<br />
历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的一桩旧案犹未了结。 <br />
<br />
History had gone by more than half a century. Times were different, but an old case in the art world was not settled yet.<br />
<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思想解放!” <br />
<br />
"What we encountered is no longer a body issue.” Yuan Yunsheng said to his companions, “It is related to the ideological liberation of the art world!"<br />
<br />
他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。 <br />
<br />
They insisted on making no changes. This detail in the murals was used as a stone of exploring and was thrown on the path of artistic spring presented in front of them after the smashing of the "Gang of Four".<br />
<br />
舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事…… <br />
<br />
After all, the pressure of public opinion was too great. In order to provide a peaceful environment for the painter to paint, the airport and the construction company were kind to cover up the doors and windows of the lobby while the painting work was still incomplete. Thus, the modernized doors were covered with thick kraft papers produced in the traditional way in China, and the murals painted in imported acrylic paints were hidden in a dull yellow glow of classical colors. The painter was at peace for the moment and went on with their unfinished work...<br />
<br />
不是结尾 <br />
<br />
Not the End<br />
<br />
10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动…… <br />
<br />
One day in late October, the autumn wind swirled yellow sand, sweeping above the streets of Beijing. Yuan Yunsheng walked down the street quickly, facing the wind, and his long and thick black hair fluttering in the wind...<br />
<br />
首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。 <br />
<br />
The painting work of murals at the Capital Airport had been completed. The artists and art workers, led by Zhang Ding, achieved great success. The papers and TV stations published and broadcasted murals with distinctive characteristics and modern style: ''Nezha Conquers the Dragon King'', ''Song of the Forest'', ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan'', ''The Spring of Science'' and ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life''... It was like a hot whirlwind in the art world and society, provoking intense reactions. Before the Fourth Congress of Chinese Writers and Artists, a group of celebrities from the circles of literature and art, theory, architecture, foreign trade and press and publication came to the Capital Airport to attend the unveiling ceremony and congratulate the artists.<br />
<br />
国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人一进入中国就有一个强烈的印象,这种艺术是一个国家国力的象征。” <br />
<br />
They acquired great recognition from foreigners. Foreign friends stood in the lobby of the terminal building, looking around the four walls with appreciative eyes and saying, "Beijing Airport will be famous all over the world for its murals.” ”It gives people a strong impression upon entering China that this art is a symbol of a country's national power."<br />
<br />
日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……” <br />
<br />
Hirayama Ikuo, a famous Japanese painter, also came to visit. He said that Chinese culture had two peaks in history: the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, and he believed that the third peak was coming. He said to Yuan Yunsheng with a smile, "After seeing your murals, I think Xishuangbanna is very beautiful. I really want to change the plan of this trip and go there..."<br />
<br />
这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰一样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔…… <br />
<br />
These days, Yunsheng was very busy. Meeting with foreign guests, accepting interviews and giving speeches on stage filled up his daily schedule. The lonely days were gone, followed by honors, applauses, and toasts, like stepping from the rugged mountain road to the peak full of flowers... He walked on the street, the wind and sand rushing toward him, and his lapel swaying in the wind. At this moment, contrary to the joy brought by the brilliant success, his face was strangely sad and sorrowful, frozen like ice, cold as a rock. It seemed to have infinite remorse in his indifference...<br />
<br />
呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化? <br />
<br />
Oh, what were you doing for? Were you still not satisfied? Or were you still worried about the change of political wind?<br />
<br />
不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着一个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作是坚定正确的表现。 <br />
<br />
No. He was not worried about that. He was confident. For more than twenty years, he had been tenacious exploring towards a set goal with the sincerity of art. He had never been discouraged in the face of any setbacks. He loved the art of the country, and was classified as a "rightist" because he disagreed with Soviet painting theory. But now people who took the same position were seen as having a solid and right performance.<br />
<br />
他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。 <br />
<br />
He loved the watery towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and took a hit for painting the beautiful scenes of the rural market. But now markets all over the country were more prosperous than they were then. Oh life, many things would be changed after thirty years! He no longer believed in temporary and hasty conclusions. His personality and the personality of his art had been strengthened by adversity, becoming independent of the conclusions.<br />
<br />
那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧? <br />
<br />
So, why were you sad? Why were you depressed?<br />
<br />
只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无望,只等待手术的判决…… <br />
<br />
Just because his wife, bosom friend, backer of his career and partner in distress, was lying sickly in the hospital. It was not until a few days earlier that he learned of the illness that Lanying had hidden from him. After four months of suffering from the disease, Lanying's health collapsed! When she left Changchun, her sick body wasted away, with weak spirit and pale and yellow face. Her female companions, who saw her off, could not see any color on her face, took it as their last farewell, breaking down in tears. At this moment, she lay quietly in a hospital in Beijing, and she seemed tired. Once the burden was lifted from her shoulders, she didn’t have words, complaints and hope, only waiting for the verdict of surgery...<br />
<br />
一个人站立起来了,另一个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南去的列车上一见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下一笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。 <br />
<br />
One people stood up, another fell down, and she fell down for him. Since they met on the southbound train, she made too many voluntary sacrifices. If the wife really could never stand up again, then what was the meaning of her husband's success today for her? She was a doctor, a good wife and mother, and a person dedicated to art. Her contributions could never be rewarded, and she could not leave a mark on any art classic, but only painful memories engraved in her husband's heart.<br />
<br />
画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼眶里滚动。 <br />
<br />
The painter ran down the street to the hospital, a storm stirring up in his heart. His eyes were wet, white tears rolling in his eyes.<br />
<br />
他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:一种是诚实的艺术家;另一种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。 <br />
<br />
He thought of the two kinds of people who were closest to art in the wide world. One was the honest artist; the other was the person who did not know art but was pure and simple, such as his lovely wife.<br />
<br />
他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少一些吗?<br />
<br />
They didn’t have other intention, just for art. To recognize their hard work was the minimum to tolerate the existence of art. But they suffered too much beyond art. Couldn’t they suffer less?<br />
<br />
他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。 <br />
<br />
He walked on the street in Beijing, his tearful eyes shining with anticipation.<br />
<br />
后记: <br />
<br />
Postscript:<br />
<br />
本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又过了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世事变迁未可尽述。 <br />
<br />
After this article was published, the heroine recovered after treatment. A few years later, the hero went to the U.S. alone. And many things had changed and it was impossible to mention them all.<br />
<br />
——作者 <br />
<br />
--Author<br />
<br />
（原载《十月》1980年6月） <br />
<br />
(Originally published in ''October'', June 1980)<br />
<br />
==卷一：10.热血男儿Hot-blooded Man==<br />
热血男儿 Hot-blooded Man<br />
<br />
李士非 Li Shifei<br />
<br />
满腔的热血已经沸腾。 <br />
<br />
The hot blood all over the body has been boiling.<br />
<br />
——《国际歌》 <br />
<br />
--''The Internationale'' (Chinese Version)<br />
<br />
一、能见到袁庚吗？ <br />
<br />
I. Can I See Yuan Geng?<br />
<br />
在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天，蛇口工业区和它的领导人袁庚，名扬国内外，越来越引人注目。 <br />
<br />
When the wave of reform is surging today, Shekou Industrial Zone and its leader, Yuan Geng, are becoming more and more famous at home and abroad.<br />
<br />
但是，我接受写袁庚的任务，未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他，手头也没有积累多少关于他的资料，而且听说采访他很困难：他是香港招商局常务副董事长（人们因此亲切地称他为袁董），大部分时间在香港，每到蛇口，都忙得不可开交，实在抽不出时间接受采访。 <br />
<br />
However, it was a bit risky for me to accept the task of writing about Yuan Geng. I had never met him and had not accumulated much information about him, and I heard that it was difficult to interview him: He was the executive vice chairman of China Merchants Hong Kong (so people affectionately called him Chairman Yuan). He spent most of the time in Hong Kong. Every time he came to Shekou, he was too busy and didn’t have time for interviews.<br />
<br />
但是，过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观，听过介绍，看过录像，袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣，接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口来，这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。 <br />
<br />
But after the past several times accompanying writers from other provinces to visit Shekou, listening to the introduction, and watching the video, Yuan Geng and Shekou aroused my strong interest. If I accepted the writing task, I could come to Shekou. The temptation was irresistible.<br />
<br />
”能见到袁庚吗？”“即使见不到袁庚也要写！”所谓“冒险”，无非是写不出或写不好，个人面子不好看罢了，比起袁庚和他的朋友们从事改革所冒的风险，简直是微不足道的。 <br />
<br />
"Can I meet Yuan Geng?" "Even if I can't see Yuan Geng, I’ll still write!" The so-called "risk" simply means that I couldn’t write or couldn’t write well, which would make me look bad. But compared to the risk taken by Yuan Geng and his friends in reform, it was simply insignificant.<br />
<br />
仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气，到这里待一些日子也是值得的。 <br />
<br />
It was worth staying here for a few days just to breathe the air of reform in Shekou.<br />
<br />
“如果你只能待很短的时间，我劝你趁早打退堂鼓，不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意，开弓没有回头箭，退堂鼓是不好打的。 <br />
<br />
"If you can only stay for a short time, I’d advise you to pull back sooner rather than later and don’t make the mistake of a screenwriter again." A kind friend advised me in this way. I appreciated his kindness. But there was no turning back of an arrow once it was shot. It was not easy to pull back.<br />
<br />
二、夜访梁宪 <br />
<br />
Ⅱ. Pay a Call on Liang Xian at Night<br />
<br />
在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口，袁庚出国去了，说是7月底或8月初才能回来。最了解他的一个人，东江纵队时期就和他一起工作，现任蛇口工业区顾问的许智明，到澳大利亚探亲去了，归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同，“时间就是金钱，效率就是生命”，白天工作紧张，找人谈话很难，晚上访问也要事先约定，因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰上袁庚的儿子袁中印，《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意，他马上说：“有什么好写的？这么多人写过了，要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受了乃父的影响，不大欢迎采访。”慢慢来吧，我一定要找你的。”我心里说。 <br />
<br />
It was not easy to interview in Shekou. When I arrived in Shekou in mid-July, Yuan Geng went abroad. I learned that he would be back by the end of July or early August. One of the people who knew him best, Xu Zhiming, who worked with him in the East River Column and was now the counselor of Shekou Industrial Zone, went to Australia to visit his family and his return date was still uncertain. The pace of work here was very different from that of the mainland, where "time is money and efficiency is life." There were many works by day, so it was difficult to find people to have a talk with. Visiting at night also had to be arranged in advance because many formal and informal meetings were held at night. One day I met Yuan Geng's son Yuan Zhongyin in the elevator of the office building. A reporter of ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'', Comrade Chen Yihao introduced my intention of coming here to him, he immediately said, "What is there to write? So many people have written about it. If you want to publish a book, you can collect them." I thought that he was influenced by his father, not very welcome interviews. "Take it a step at a time. I must find you." I said in my heart.<br />
<br />
多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙，约定了一天晚上9点钟去访问工业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人，穿过海滨花园，沐着海风，经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边，漫步走向梁宪的住处。早已听说，他1962年毕业于中山大学外语系，是梁宗岱教授的高足，对法国文学很有研究。果然，一见之下，我就感到他是一个充满艺术气质的人。 <br />
<br />
Thanks to the help of Comrade Huang Hongjian, a female writer and screenwriter of the Pearl River Film Studio who was the deputy director of the office here, we made an arrangement to visit Liang Xian, a member of the management committee of the Industrial Zone, at 9 o'clock one night. Huang Hongjian, Chen Yihao, and I walked through the seaside garden with the sea breeze, passed by Minghua ship of "Sea World” with brilliant light, and strolled towards Liang Xian's residence. I had already heard that he graduated from the Department of Foreign Languages of Sun Yat-sen University in 1962, who was a student of Professor Liang Zongdai and knew a lot about French literature. Sure enough, I felt that he was a man full of artistic temperament at first sight.<br />
<br />
他掏出港币，买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客，然后和我们谈笑风生。 <br />
<br />
He pulled out Hong Kong dollars and bought a few cans of iced Coca-Cola to entertain us, and then talked and laughed with us.<br />
<br />
“你们是文人，我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人，她在中央戏剧学院教书。我对她说：你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的，但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。中国像你们这样的文人太多，像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一句英语，“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙，黄虹坚一时也没反应过来，陈宜浩翻译说：”他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑起来。 <br />
<br />
"You are men of letters, and I’m a businessman. I gave up writing and engaged in business. My wife is also a man of letters, who teaches at the Central Academy of Drama. I said to her: Tang and Song poetry you talk about are very beautiful, but they can't solve the problem of the people's hunger. There are too many literati like you in China, and too few businessmen like me." He suddenly spoke an English sentence to Huang Hongjian, "I will change you into a business woman." I was baffled, and Huang Hongjian didn't understand at the moment, and Chen Yihao translated, "He said he would change you into a business woman.” We all laughed happily.<br />
<br />
梁宪大学毕业的时候，老百姓正在饿肚子，大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法国文学的尖子，后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作，比袁庚晚半年多一点。袁庚很器重他，有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。 <br />
<br />
When Liang Xian graduated from university, people were starving, and probably no unit needed a top student who studied French literature. Then he went to the Ministry of Communications. He was sent to work for the China Merchants Hong Kong in July 1979, more than half a year later than Yuan Geng. Yuan Geng thought highly of him, and some people said that he was Yuan Geng's "think-tank man".<br />
<br />
“我去香港的时候，老婆说：最怕你没骨气，没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是有的，外派干部只要有一点热血，就不是追求几大件，而是感到抬不起头来！ <br />
<br />
"When I went to Hong Kong, my wife said: What I fear the most is that you don’t have the backbone. If you don’t have it, let’s get divorced sooner rather than later. Of course I have it. As long as dispatched cadres have a little passion, they would not pursue some popular household items, but feel embarrassed to keep the head up!”<br />
<br />
“刚到香港，每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐，一串串的，海上漂着偷渡者的尸体，我们不能忍受，啪一声把电视关了。 <br />
<br />
“When I just arrived in Hong Kong, I watched TV every day to see young stowaways in chains of handcuffs, and dead bodies of stowaways floating in the sea. We could not bear it and snapped the TV off.”<br />
<br />
“我们国内建设搞不好，连一些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们，心里真难受呀。所以，我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过：‘我之所以这么干，是为了实现我入党时的初衷。’” <br />
<br />
“When we didn’t do well in nation-building, even some children of dispatched cadres who grew up in Hong Kong also looked down on us. It hurted a lot. So I understand Yuan Geng's mood for engaging in reform. He said, 'I did it because I wanted to realize the original intention when I joined the CPC.'"<br />
<br />
一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿，梁宪又概括地说： <br />
<br />
His words made my heart heavy. After a pause, Liang Xian said in a nutshell:<br />
<br />
“我熟悉的人当中，有两个热血男儿，一个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛，一个就是袁庚！” <br />
<br />
“There are two hot-blooded men in people who I am familiar with. One is my wife’s godfather Liu Rentao, and the other is Yuan Geng!"<br />
<br />
好一个“热血男儿”！这个词太恰当了，把这两个人相提并论太好了，我不禁怦然心动，觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。 <br />
<br />
What a "hot-blooded man"! This word was so appropriate. Comparing these two people was too good. I couldn’t help but feel excited that I thought I found the best way to Yuan Geng's inner world.<br />
<br />
也真巧，比我年长20岁的刘任涛，是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第一流的眼科专家，共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长，曾为刘伯承元帅安过义眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》，改行当了电影编剧，“文化大革命”中在珠影被诬为“历史反革命”，打断五根肋骨，投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动期间，他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明，不顾自己的政治处境，不顾没有任何医疗条件，决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他：“万一失败，你就是阶级报复，就会重进监狱。”他不听，他终于成功了。”作为医生，我拯救了我的灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀，立下遗嘱：死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
<br />
And coincidentally, Liu Rentao, who is 20 years older than me, is my admired elder and friend. This first-rate eye specialist in China was the director of the Shanghai Labor Hospital in the early days of the People’s Republic of China, and once installed a prosthetic eye for Marshal Liu Bocheng. Later, he became a movie scriptwriter after he wrote a movie script Dove of Peace. During the "Cultural Revolution", he was considered as a “pre-liberation counter-revolutionary" in the Pearl River Film Studio. His five ribs were broken and he was put into prison. When he labored under supervision at the "May 7 Cadre School" in Yingde, he saw a rural woman who was blind due to cataracts, and in spite of his political situation and the lack of any medical conditions, he decided to operate on the patient with a razor blade. A kind people advised him, “If you fail, it will be the class revenge and you’ll go back to prison." He didn't listen to it, and he finally succeeded." As a doctor, I saved my soul." Now he was over 70 years old, and he made a will: After his death, he would dedicate his eyes to the Eye Bank of Sun Yat-sen Medical College. Then he ran around and appealed for the restoration and establishment of schools for blind children...<br />
<br />
刘任涛和袁庚，经历和事业完全不同，但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身精神，是多么相似呵！我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚，觉得对袁庚也开始熟悉了。<br />
<br />
Liu Rentao and Yuan Geng had completely different experiences and careers, but they were patriotic and full of passion with the spirit of dedication. How similar they were! I imagined unfamiliar Yuan Geng from familiar Liu Rentao, thinking that I began to get familiar with Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
三、“冒险家” <br />
<br />
Ⅲ. “Adventurer"<br />
<br />
刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障，要冒风险。袁庚在蛇口进行改革，要冒更大的风险：两年之前，不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影地攻击经济特区嘛！ <br />
<br />
Liu Rentao, as a target of dictatorship, it was risky to use a razor blade to cut cataracts for a poor rural woman. Yuan Geng had to take an even greater risk when he carried out a reform in Shekou: Two years ago, someone wrote an article in the newspaper to assail the Special Economic Zone by insinuation!<br />
<br />
但是，时代毕竟不同了，今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月9日，胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区，袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆，和总书记有一段精彩的对话。 <br />
<br />
But times were different after all. Today's reform was carried out under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee. On February 9, 1983, General Secretary Hu Yaobang visited Shekou Industrial Zone. Yuan Geng opened his mind to the General Secretary, having a good conversation with him.<br />
<br />
袁庚：关于改革问题，现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看，凡是搞改革的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法，最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪，改良主义，结果六君子被杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革，我想不会落得前人这样的下场，我们是在党的领导下进行的，不会有问题吧，我们值得冒这个险！ <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: For the issue of reform, we need to carry out comprehensive reform now. Historically, all those who engaged in reforms came to a bad end. Two thousand years ago, Shang Yang carried out reform and was finally put to death. Wang Anshi’s Reform did not end well either. Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao just advocated constitutional monarchy and practiced reformism, but they were all decapitated. Sun Yat-sen’s reform also failed. Now, I think our reform will not end up like the predecessors. We are under the leadership of the Party. There will be no problem, so we are worth the risk!<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：过去的改革是下层少数人去改，领导者、统治者是压制的。现在不同，我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改，现在和过去根本不同嘛！ <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: In the past, the reform was carried out by a few people at the lower level, while the leaders and rulers were repressive. Now is different. Our leaders are taking the lead to call and urge the subordinates to reform. The present is fundamentally different from the past!<br />
<br />
袁庚：我们感到，我们的干部是不大怕群众的，只怕顶头上司，怕上司不喜欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说，我每次来蛇口，一上码头，前呼后拥的，下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒，就会忘乎所以，久而久之，就不怕群众，不怕下级，因为群众、下级撤不了我的职，我只怕交通部，怕顶头上司，只有他们才能撤我的职。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: We feel that our cadres are not afraid of the masses, but only afraid of their superiors, afraid that their superiors do not like them and then they can’t be leaders. As a small leader, every time I came to Shekou, I walked on the pier with many subordinates crowding around, who feared that they didn’t attend me well. Sometimes I was not sober, I would get carried away, and over time, I am not afraid of the masses, and not afraid of subordinates, because the masses and subordinates can’t dismiss me from my post. I am only afraid of the Ministry of Communications, afraid of my immediate superior. Only they can dismiss me from my post.<br />
<br />
所以，群众监督干部，群众有权选举和罢免干部，这至关重要。我们这里想搞个改革试点，管委会由群众选举产生，每年投一次信任票，如果不信任票超过半数，管委会就得改选，个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公开的、直接的，由群众投票选举的领导班子，就会想群众之所想，急群众之所急，就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手，就有人自动送礼上门，如果头脑不清醒，不能自律，就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装懂，诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部，我相信可以改变一下干部的结构和干部的作风。我们想做这样一个不太小的改革，准备冒一点风险。 <br />
<br />
Therefore, it is crucial that the masses supervise cadres and have the right to elect and dismiss them. We want to carry out a pilot reform here. The management committee is elected by the masses, and a vote of confidence is held once a year. If more than half of the people cast votes of no confidence, the management committee will have to be re-elected. If a member got more than half of the votes of no confidence, he will have to step down. This open and direct leading group, elected following a ballot by the masses, will think what the masses think, worry what the masses worry, and will actually do something good for the masses. Because once some leaders have the power in hand, someone will automatically send gifts to them. If their minds are not sober, they can not be self-disciplined, and will get carried away. There are also some cadres who pretend to understand what they don’t know. If the masses have the right to elect and supervise cadres, I believe we can change the structure of cadres and the work style of cadres. We want to make such a not-so-small reform and are prepared to take some risks.<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：（点头）好！很好！ <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: (nodding) Good! Very good!<br />
<br />
袁庚：总书记说了好，我们就记录在案，马上打报告这样做。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: Since General Secretary said good, we will record it, and immediately report and carry out it.<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿，在哪一出戏里我忘记了，讽刺官僚主义者，他不敢骂台上的官，只敢骂戏台上堂前的鼓。有一段唱词说：”一棵大树腹中空，两头都是皮儿绷，每天上堂敲三下，卟咚卟咚又卟咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛！（全场大笑） <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: (happily standing up) We have a famous dramatist named Guan Hanqing in history. In which play I forget, satirizing bureaucrats, he did not dare to curse the leaders on the stage, only dare to curse the drums in the hall on the stage. There is a line in the librettos of the drama that says: "A big tree is hollow in the belly, whose both ends have tight leather. Every day knocked it three times in the hall. Pu dong, pu dong and pu dong (the sound of a drum beating)." That is “not understanding” (the pronunciation of it in Chinese is similar to “pu dong”)! (all of them laughing)<br />
<br />
党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印，想到一块去了，这在蛇口的发展史上，是应当大书特书的。 <br />
<br />
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPC and the Secretary of the Party Committee of Shekou Industrial Zone shared the same thought. It deserved to be written about in the history of Shekou's development.<br />
<br />
1983年4月24日，选举产生了蛇口工业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22日，按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票？ <br />
<br />
On April 24, 1983, a new management committee of Shekou Industrial Zone was elected. On April 22, 1984, a vote of confidence in the management committee was held as scheduled. Was it necessary to hold a vote of confidence?<br />
<br />
组干处处长虞德海说：“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的，信任票不足半数就得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决，一定要搞信任投票。”投票结果，管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数，袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上，全部投票公开，任人查阅，尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐，如“某某能力低”“某某不堪信任”之类，也不加掩饰。 <br />
<br />
Yu Dehai, the director of the Division of Organizing Cadres, said, "Even I was a little hesitant. Because the result of a vote of confidence is to be fulfilled. If a member got less than half of the votes of confidence, he will have to step down. I thought we might as well carry out public opinion polls. But Yuan Dong was very determined to hold a vote of confidence." The result was that the members of the management committee all got more than half of the votes of confidence, and Yuan Geng got the most. That night, all the votes were open for inspection. Although some of the criticism was very sharp, such as "so-and-so has the low ability”, "so-and-so is untrustworthy" and so on, they didn’t hide their real thoughts.<br />
<br />
这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。 <br />
<br />
This was the most important reform of all in the Shekou Industrial Zone.<br />
<br />
四、“那里不肯放，就辞职！” <br />
<br />
Ⅳ. "If They Refuse to Let You Go, You Quit!"<br />
<br />
选举产生领导班子，定期举行信任投票，这是袁庚深思熟虑的一项决定。 <br />
<br />
The leading group was elected and a vote of confidence was regularly held. It was decided after Yuan Geng’s careful consideration.<br />
<br />
他深深感到，不改革干部制度，不改变干部结构，任何改革都无从谈起，“四化”也只是一句空话。 <br />
<br />
He deeply felt that without reforming the cadre system and changing the structure of cadre, no reform could be done, and the "Four Modernizations" was just a hollow phrase.<br />
<br />
有的领导干部，居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人：“你们大学建多大的桥？”问来访的美国客人：“英国人讲英语，你们美国人讲什么语？”还有人向中央领导同志汇报他到香港考察的收获：“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯！”如此等等，令人啼笑皆非。这样的干部，怎能担当建设”四化”的重任！ <br />
<br />
Some leading cadres even asked the visitors from the University of Cambridge in England: “What size of the bridge does your university build?" and asked the visitors from America: "British speak English, and what language do you Americans speak?" Someone reported to the leading comrades of the Central Committee what he had learned from his visit to Hong Kong, “There is a sea change in my mind!" And so on. It was ridiculous. How could such cadres take on the heavy responsibility of building the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地），指挥部只有二十多个干部的时候，袁庚就开始考虑如何培育一支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命化的干部队伍。1981年，他排除阻カ，毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班，从全国各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说，“我是个冒险家，为了蛇口的改革，我从全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。 <br />
<br />
When Shekou was still in the process of “five accesses and one leveling” (access to water, electricity, road, and natural gas, ventilation, and leveling the ground), and there were only twenty cadres in the headquarters, Yuan Geng began to consider how to cultivate a young, knowledgeable, professional and revolutionary cadres troop. In 1981, he removed the obstruction and decided to organize a training course for business management cadres, recruiting graduates who majored in science and engineering from all over the country. In his words, "I am an adventurer, and for the reform in Shekou, I gathered a group of small adventurers from all over the country".<br />
<br />
当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员，委托交通部下属的交通科学院情报所代为主持，在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。 <br />
<br />
At that time, Shekou Industrial Zone did not have the ability to send its own admissions officers, so it entrusted the Institute of Information of the Academy of Transportation Science under the Ministry of Communications to be in charge of the first exam in Wuhan. The first person to enter the examination room was Wang Chaoliang, an engineer of the Ship’s Hull Laboratory of the Yangtze River Shipping Scientific Research Institute under the Ministry of Communications.<br />
<br />
王潮梁1938年出生于江苏无锡，1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计专业。早在1958年，他就参考外国的资料，在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫原理，并和同学们一道造出了样品，在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是，在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年代，几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机工厂飞机设计室任产品主管设计员，那时生产要听驻厂军代表的，而军代表只相信苏联专家和苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料，翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂，即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂，也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚子气，却毫无办法。岁月如流，王潮梁搞了17年飞机设计，却看到我们的飞机工业比印度还落后；又研制了四年的飞翔船，却看不到一艘飞翔船下水，那种壮志难酬的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会，唯一的名额给了业务上根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培训班招生的广告时，他兴奋极了，“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方，去！”立刻把广告剪下来，郑重地贴在本子上。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province in 1938, and graduated from the Department of Aircraft of Northwestern Polytechnic University with the major of aircraft design in 1960. As long ago as 1958, he was the first person in China to study the principle of air cushion of hydrofoils by referring to foreign materials, and built a sample together with his classmates, which was performed on the Weiming Lake of Peking University. At that time, the British were only half a year ahead of them in their research on hydrofoils. However, in this age when "steel-making" was more valued than scientific research, the research of these few young boys was doomed to failure. After graduation, he was assigned to the aircraft design office of an aircraft factory as a design supervisor. At that time, production had to follow the resident military representatives in the factory, who only trusted Soviet experts and Soviet drawings. For example, it was required to use Ural wood for a certain propeller, and Ukrainian sand for molding. Even if China had better wood and better sand, it was not allowed to change. Wang Chaoliang, who was the new kid on the block, was very angry, but he could do nothing. As the years passed quickly, Wang Chaoliang engaged in aircraft design for 17 years, but saw that our aircraft industry even lagged behind that of India; and he developed a hydrofoil for four years, but could not see a hydrofoil launched. The pain of being difficult to fulfill his aspirations tormented his ambitions. There was an opportunity for a study tour to the Federal Republic of Germany, and the only place was given to the daughter of a minister who was nothing compared to him in the business. When he saw a recruitment advertisement for a training course for business management cadres in Shekou Industrial Zone in the newspaper, he was excited, "Shekou is a place where you have to build a career by your own ability. Go!" He immediately cut out the advertisement and stuck it solemnly on the notebook.<br />
<br />
他第一个走进考场，第一个走出考场。笔试、面试，成绩优良。主持考试的情报所林鸿慈同志下了结论：这是个人才，录取！ <br />
<br />
He was the first to enter and the first to leave the examination room. He got good grades on written examination and oral examination. Comrade Lin Hongci of the Institute of Information, who was in charge of the examination, concluded: This is a talent. Accept!<br />
<br />
但是，在中国有一个很大的矛盾：生产资料是全民所有制，干部却是单位私有制。一个单位可以把一个或一批人才冷藏一辈子。 <br />
<br />
However, there was a big contradiction in China: The means of production were owned by the whole people, but the cadres were privately owned by units. A talent or a group of talents could be shelved by a unit for life.<br />
<br />
长江航运科研所不肯放人。 <br />
<br />
The Yangtze River Shipping Scientific Research Institute refused to let him go.<br />
<br />
1981年11月，袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他，向他汇报了招生的情况，特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。 <br />
<br />
In November 1981, Yuan Geng was hospitalized in Guangzhou. Lin Hongci visited him in the Eastern District of Guangdong Provincial Hospital and reported to him about the enrollment situation, especially about the problem of Wang Chaoliang.<br />
<br />
袁庚很激动。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was very excited.<br />
<br />
“小王是不是党员？” <br />
<br />
"Is Wang a member of the CPC?"<br />
<br />
“不是。” <br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量，开个头，那里不肯放，就辞职！我这里收。最多就是人家去告状，最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先例。告到国务院，我们就把这个同志的情况报上去，中央领导会支持我们。新华社社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开‘干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人在单位不充分发挥作用，又不让调，这个局面不打开是不成的！” <br />
<br />
“It is less difficult to solve if he is not a member of the party. I don’t know if he has the guts to set a precedent. If they refuse to let you go, you quit! I’ll accept you. The most they can do is to complain to superior authorities, and finally to the State Council. I hope one or two comrades will set the precedent. If they complain to the State Council, we will report the situation of this comrade, and the leaders of the Central Committee will support us. Comrade Zeng Tao, the president of Xinhua News Agency, hoped that we could break the 'private ownership of cadres'. Now the problem of brain waste is too serious. People does not play a full role in the unit, and not allowed to transfer. This situation must be changed!"<br />
<br />
林鸿慈被袁庚打动了，写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁，同时通过各种渠道去做说服、疏通工作。终于，用不着王潮梁辞职，单位同意放人了。1982年，王潮梁来到蛇口工业区。 <br />
<br />
Lin Hongci was impressed by Yuan Geng, wrote a letter to tell Wang Chaoliang the content of this conversation, and persuaded Wang’s unit and reconciled the two sides through various channels. Finally, Wang Chaoliang didn’t need to resign, and the unit agreed to let him go. In 1982, Wang Chaoliang came to Shekou Industrial Zone.<br />
<br />
五、企业管理研究生 <br />
<br />
V. Graduate Student Majoring in Business Management<br />
<br />
1982年12月的一天晚上，一个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
<br />
One night in December 1982, a young man in his thirties arrived at Yuan Geng's home in Xiyuan, Beijing.<br />
<br />
这是一次事先约定的会见。 <br />
<br />
It was a pre-arranged meeting.<br />
<br />
年轻人叫余昌民，刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生，工作了八九年，深感中国企业管理的弊病太多，1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。 <br />
<br />
The young man named Yu Changmin, was one of the first group of graduate students in the Department of Business Management at Tsinghua University and just graduated. He was originally a graduate of the Department of Electrical Engineering at Tsinghua University, majoring in Automation. After working for about nine years, he felt that there were too many drawbacks in Chinese business management. In 1979, he returned to Tsinghua University to study for an MBA degree.<br />
<br />
1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年，专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息，《读卖新闻》为此发了专稿，登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了，干什么好呢？ <br />
<br />
In 1980, Yu Changmin went to Japan to study further for a year, specializing in Japanese business management. The Japanese took it as important information, and the ''Yomiuri Shimbun'' published a special article with his picture. Now that Yu Changmin had graduated, what job should he do?<br />
<br />
学校建议他到国家经委属下的中国企业研究协会去，这当然是个专业对口的美差，但是在武汉工作的爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候，蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。 <br />
<br />
The university suggested him to go to the Chinese Association for Enterprise Research under the Chinese National Economic Council, which was a good job in line with his specialty, but it was difficult for his lover who worked in Wuhan to transfer to Beijing. At this time, the wind of the reform in Shekou came to his ears.<br />
<br />
他每星期上街去买《深圳特区报》，得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝，如饥似渴地加以研究。不难判断，蛇口工业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去！决心下定了，系里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会，经朋友介绍，他就来登门拜访了。 <br />
<br />
He went out to buy the ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'' every week. When he got a copy of the earliest ''A Brief Introduction of Investment'', he regarded it as a treasure, and studied it hungrily. It was not difficult to judge that Shekou Industrial Zone was the ideal place to realize his aspirations. Go to Shekou! He made the decision and was supported by the department. Now Yuan Geng was in Beijing for a meeting, so he came to visit him by recommendation of a friend.<br />
<br />
会面的一瞬间，两个人互相观察了一下。 <br />
<br />
At the moment they met, the two men observed each other.<br />
<br />
“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗？穿件中式棉袄，和一般的老干部没啥差别，不是想象中的那个改革家的模样，而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真的值得？” <br />
<br />
"Is this the famous reformer Yuan Geng? Wearing a Chinese cotton jacket, he is no different from ordinary old cadres, not the reformer’s appearance I imagined. And I heard that he is poorly educated... Is it really worth it to work with him?"<br />
<br />
真正的一闪念，没容余昌民多想，袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
<br />
When this really sudden idea did not allow Yu Changmin to think more, Yuan Geng had already enthusiastically offered his seat and poured tea.<br />
<br />
谈话开门见山。 <br />
<br />
The conversation came straight to the point. <br />
<br />
“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里？” <br />
<br />
"What do you think is the fatal problem in China’s economy?"<br />
<br />
“在于体制。” <br />
<br />
"It lies in the system."<br />
<br />
“对了！”袁庚兴奋起来，侃侃而谈，”上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦，说他们要一千人，劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用，那七百是搭配的闲人，你再要，就再搭配，再多余，反正是大锅饭，大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了，还说这是社会主义的优越性！这样，工厂冗员越来越多，工厂成了小社会，在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的，形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ，败坏着我们的民族素质！这样的体制不改革，我们就没有出路！” <br />
<br />
"That's right!" Yuan Geng got excited, and spoke with fervor and assurance, "A director of a shipyard in Shanghai once complained to me, and said they wanted a thousand people, but they needed only three hundred people among the people the labor department allocated, and the other seven hundred people were ideal workers. If they asked for it again, they would be allocated again, then there were more redundant workers. They had to get equal pay anyway. They only needed to be paid in a muddle and said this was the superiority of socialism! In this way, there were more and more redundant workers in the factory. The factory became a small society, where the lazy workers exploited the hard-working workers, forming a terrible social habits force, which corrupted our national quality! If such a system is not reformed, we have no way out!"<br />
<br />
“我的一篇论文，提出了企业的素质问题。” <br />
<br />
"I have a paper that raises the issue of the quality of business."<br />
<br />
“有何高见？” <br />
<br />
"What’s your opinion?"<br />
<br />
“素质，好比基本作用，像女排，形成了她们的基本作风，就有战斗カ。” <br />
<br />
"Quality is like the basic role. For example, the women's volleyball team has formed their basic style, so they are effective.<br />
"<br />
“就把一个企业比作球队吧，假如你是教练，别人随便塞人给你，你怎么办？” <br />
<br />
"Let's compare an enterprise to a team. If you are the coach, what do you do when someone foists a player on you?"<br />
<br />
“我不要。” <br />
<br />
"I will not take it."<br />
<br />
“不要不行！” <br />
<br />
"No, you must take it!"<br />
<br />
“那我不干。” <br />
<br />
"I will disagree with it."<br />
<br />
“对了，就得这样。” <br />
<br />
"That's right. That's how it should be."<br />
<br />
一老一少，越谈越投机，彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处一闪而过的那点疑虑也完全打消了。 <br />
<br />
An old man and a young man, the more they talked, the happier they were, who both felt close to each other. The doubt that flashed through Yu Changmin’s deep heart was completely dispelled.<br />
<br />
“我们这里可要冒点风险。” <br />
<br />
"We have to take some risks here."<br />
<br />
“正因为这样オ要去，建设好了还去干什么？” <br />
<br />
"That's why I want to go there. If it has been built, why do I go there?"<br />
<br />
“你个人有什么要求？” <br />
<br />
"What are your personal requirements?"<br />
<br />
“只要求家属一起去。” <br />
<br />
"I only ask that my family can go with me."<br />
<br />
“这个我们来办。” <br />
<br />
"We will deal with that."<br />
<br />
两个月后，余昌民父亲去世，回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化，系里要留他。企业管理系刚刚建立，工作需要，理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚飞往蛇口，收不回来了。 <br />
<br />
Two months later, Yu Changmin's father died and he came home to the funeral. At this time the school's attitude changed and the department wanted to keep him. The Department of Business Administration had just been established and the work needed him. The reasons were good. But Yu Changmin's heart had already flown to Shekou with Yuan Geng and could not be retrieved.<br />
<br />
1983年3月，袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客，系里派余昌民随行。系领导的目的，是让校长对余昌民有个印象，说服他留下来，同时出面解决他家属的户ロ问题。 <br />
<br />
In March 1983, Yuan Geng invited Liu Da, the president of Tsinghua University, to Shekou, and the department sent Yu Changmin to accompany him. The purpose of the department leaders was to give the president an impression of Yu Changmin, persuade him to stay, and solve his family member’s problem of household registration.<br />
<br />
谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口，袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有，余昌民暗示要做刘达的工作。 <br />
<br />
But it backfired. Once Liu Da and his party arrived in Shekou, Yuan Geng asked Yu Changmin if the transfer had been finalized, and Yu Changmin hinted that he had to do something to persuade Liu Da.<br />
<br />
余昌民再一次请求：”校长，让我来蛇口吧。” <br />
<br />
Yu Changmin asked him again, “President, let me come to Shekou."<br />
<br />
“系里要我帮忙留你，我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。 <br />
<br />
"The department asked me to help to keep you, and I promised it." President Liu looked confused.<br />
<br />
袁庚一再要求支持：”刘达同志，把小余给我们吧，我们迫切需要企业管理的专门人才。” <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng repeatedly asked for support, "Comrade Liu Da, give us Yu. We urgently need a specialist in business management."<br />
<br />
刘达心动了。这位参加过“一二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
<br />
Liu Da was moved. The old comrade who participated in the “December 9th" Movement, was known for “covering up for intellectuals” as early as 1957 when he was the head of the Department of Forestry. He fully understood the need of Shekou and Yuan Geng and Yu Changmin's feelings. But he had to respect the department leaders and promised to solve the solution with the department when he went back.<br />
<br />
回去后，余昌民给系里写了报告，对系里的教育培养表示感谢，说明清华企业管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设，这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都至关重要。 <br />
<br />
When they went back, Yu Changmin wrote a report to the department, expressing his gratitude for the department's education and training, and explaining that the Department of Business Administration at Tsinghua University needed to agree its own graduates to participate in the construction of Shekou, which was crucial for the school’s research and information sources in the future.<br />
<br />
问题迎刃而解。7月，夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。 <br />
<br />
The problem was solved. In July, the procedures of the couple’s transfers were both completed.<br />
<br />
当余昌民到工业区大楼报到的时候，在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口，边走边说：”你是研究企业管理的，你先熟悉一下情况，有把握了再谈工作……” <br />
<br />
When Yu Changmin reported to the Industrial Zone building, he met Yuan Geng outside the building door. Yuan Geng affectionately took his hand and walked from the door to the elevator, saying, “You study the business management. You can familiarize yourself with the situation at first, and then talk about work when you get familiar with it."<br />
<br />
袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信，其中有一段话： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng also wrote a letter of thanks to Liu Da, which included a paragraph:<br />
<br />
关于小余的事，同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失一小余，无妨大局，蛇口得之，如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下，工业区将受其惠。 <br />
<br />
On the matter about Yu, the comrades admire your selflessness so much. Losing Yu couldn’t affect the general situation for Tsinghua, but Sheko will be better after having him... Tsinghua has students all over the world, and the industrial zone will be benefited from it.<br />
<br />
重感情的刘达，把这封信送给了余昌民，让他留作永久的纪念。 <br />
<br />
Liu Da, who valued the relationship, gave this letter to Yu Changmin, letting him keep it as a permanent memorial.<br />
<br />
六、星期天的早晨 <br />
<br />
Ⅵ. Sunday Morning<br />
<br />
星期天早晨8点钟，顾立基刚起床，洗了脸，正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的，大家都熬了夜，现在让他们多睡一会儿吧。顾立基轻手轻脚，唯恐弄出一点声音来。 <br />
<br />
At 8 o'clock on Sunday morning, Gu Liji just got up, washed his face, and was cooking instant noodles. The other four students in the same room were still sleeping soundly. They could turn off the lights late on Saturday night, and everyone stayed up all night, so let them get more sleep now. Gu Liji was cautious, lest he made a little noise.<br />
<br />
“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗？” <br />
<br />
"Excuse me, does Comrade Gu Liji live here?"<br />
<br />
门外传来一个声音。顾立基一看，走廊上站着一个六十多岁的老人和一个姑娘。 <br />
<br />
A voice came from outside the door. Gu Liji saw an old man in his sixties and a girl standing in the corridor.<br />
<br />
“我就是顾立基，您是？” <br />
<br />
"I am Gu Liji, and may I know who you are?"<br />
<br />
“我是袁庚，蛇口的袁庚。”老人首先伸出手来，“这是我女儿尼亚，她不放心我的身体，一定要陪我来，其实我的身体还可以。你看，骑了半小时车子，轻松愉快。” <br />
<br />
"I'm Yuan Geng, Yuan Geng from Shekou." The old man first extended his hand, "This is my daughter Nia. She is worried about my health, and she must come with me. But I’m okay. You see, it’s easy and pleasant to ride the bike for half an hour.”<br />
<br />
顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 <br />
<br />
Gu Liji never dreamed that the famous Yuan Geng would come to the dormitory of Tsinghua University to see him.<br />
<br />
他深受感动。 <br />
<br />
He was deeply moved.<br />
<br />
“我们到楼下谈吧，同学们还在睡觉。” <br />
<br />
"Let's talk downstairs. The students are still sleeping."<br />
<br />
楼下有一张靠背长椅，三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨，不冷不热，阳光和煦，轻风拂面，校园一片宁静的气氛。 <br />
<br />
There was a bench downstairs, and the three of them sat down side by side. In the morning of May, it was not cold or hot, the sun was warm, with a refreshing breeze blowing, and the campus was in a peaceful atmosphere.<br />
<br />
“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会？” <br />
<br />
"I heard that you organized an association of enthusiasts of business management?"<br />
<br />
“是的，现在会员有一千多人了，成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。” <br />
<br />
"Yes. There are more than a thousand members now, and Liu Da and Yu Guangyuan both came to attend the founding meeting."<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长？” <br />
<br />
"I also heard that you want to be the factory director?"<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊，”顾立基笑了，“我是说过想当厂长，为此还惹过一些麻烦呢。” <br />
<br />
"You're well informed," Gu Liji laughed, "I did say that I wanted to be the factory director, and I got into some trouble for that."<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦？” <br />
<br />
"What kind of trouble?"<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。” <br />
<br />
"Someone said I was ambitious."<br />
<br />
“岂有此理！想当个厂长是什么野心！‘不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’，这是拿破仑说的还是谁说的？一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对！” <br />
<br />
"It is nonsense! What kind of ambition is it to want to be a factory director? 'A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier', was said by Napoleon or others? There's nothing wrong with a college student wanting to be a factory director!"<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的，但是我感到中国更需要管理人才，所以主动旁听了企业管理系研究生的全部课程。” <br />
<br />
"I majored in computer science, but I felt that China needed management talents more, so I actively sit in on all the courses that graduate students of the Department of Business Administration took as an observer".<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧，我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班，要培养大量的管理人才。” <br />
<br />
"Go to Shekou. We have a training course for business management cadres, and we have to train a large number of management talents."<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像，我的心就动了，只是还没下定决心。” <br />
<br />
"When I saw a video about Shekou last November, my heart moved, but I just hadn’t made up my mind yet."<br />
<br />
“现在呢？” <br />
<br />
"And now?"<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了，去蛇口。” <br />
<br />
"Now I've made up my mind to go to Shekou."<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗？” <br />
<br />
"Good! We welcome you! Do you have any difficulties?"<br />
<br />
有什么困难？1982年的初夏，社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的，有人在报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界，影射特区有变成租界的危险，造成一股无形的压力，因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些，可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的人在一起，冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去，下属工厂任他挑选，这些，对他有一定的吸引力。他自从1967年中学毕业，1968年进上海印染机械修配厂，十年中当过锅炉工、车工、錠工、钳工、电工，当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为，1974年顾立基和他们争吵过一次，挨了批斗，却受到工人们的同情，和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要毕业了，朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查，他是材料组的负责人，如果不来上大学，早就走上领导岗位了，现在回去，工作安排是不成问题的。但是，陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大，他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的是，母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房，姐妹们都在外地，母亲希望他留在身边，爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
What were the difficulties? In the early summer of 1982, there was still a lot of criticism in society about the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. Some people wrote articles in the newspapers about foreign settlements in old China, insinuating that the Special Economic Zone was in danger of becoming a foreign settlement, which created an invisible pressure, so some people said "the future of the Special Economic Zone is uncertain”. These could be disregarded. Gu Liji wanted to be with someone like Yuan Geng, and it was worth the risk. The company in Shanghai wanted him to go back, and the subordinate factories could be selected by him, which had a certain appeal to him. He graduated from high school in 1967, and joined the Shanghai Printing and Dyeing Machinery Repair Factory in 1968, and worked as a boilermaker, lathe worker, ladle man, bench worker, electrician, and full-time secretary of the Youth League general branch for ten years. Because he did not like the bad things done by the factory rebel group which was controlled by Wang Hongwen's little brothers, Gu Liji quarreled with them in 1974 and then was criticized, but was sympathized by the workers, who established a deep relationship with them. Now he was about to graduate from college, and his friends wanted him to go back. If he had not come to college, he would have taken a leading position. After the “Gang of Four" was smashed, the factory checked the people involved. He was the person in charge of the material group. If he didn't go to university, he would have been a leader. If he went back now, the working arrangement was not a problem. However, the unfamiliar Shekou was more attractive to him than the familiar Shanghai, so he still wanted to choose Shekou. The trouble was that his mother and lover did not agree with him leaving Shanghai. Shanghai had spacious housing. His sisters were abroad, so his mother wanted him to stay around, not to mention his lover's attachment to Shanghai. This was also human nature.<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。 <br />
<br />
"I have to convince my mother and my lover." Gu Liji was embarrassed to say with a smile.<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口，使他动了感情，他滔滔不绝地发起议论来。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng could understand and believe in young men very much. Gu Liji resolutely chose Shekou, which moved him, and he talked volubly. <br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办一个工业区呢？为了在那块地方搞改革，搞全面的改革，从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度，都要改，不改就没有出路。过去三十年，极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候，海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体，都是青年，他们为什么要跑？因为我们穷！ <br />
<br />
"Your choice is right. Shekou has ample scope for your abilities. Why do we want to run an industrial zone in Shekou? In order to carry out a reform in that area, to carry out a comprehensive reform, from business management, and personnel system to the wage system, all have to be changed. Without change there is no way out. Over the past 30 years, we have suffered from the thought of the extreme 'left’ and the rigid system. When we first arrived in Shekou in early 1979, the bodies of stowaways were found in the bay, which were all young people. Why did they run away? Because we were poor! <br />
<br />
“‘四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’，越搞跑的人越多。一些村子的青壮年几乎跑光了，真叫人欲哭无泪！蛇口对面就是香港的元朗，相隔只有6000米，晴天能看到它的高楼，它就是在我们‘十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了，必须把经济搞上去，这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公里，对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛，我们改革成功了，对全国就有很大的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛，无伤大局。当然，我们一定要尽最大的努力，争取成功，避免失败。我们这一代人是老了，当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时候，时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……” <br />
<br />
"Why did the 'Gang of Four' conduct 'Political frontier defense’. More people ran away. Some of the young and strong people of the village almost ran away. It really made us want to cry! Across the sea from Shekou is Yuen Long in Hong Kong, only 6,000 meters apart. We can see the tall buildings there on a clear day. It was developed during our 'Ten Years of Turmoil'. We can't do meaningless things anymore. We must increase the economy, so we must reform the backward system. Although Shekou Industrial Zone is only 2.14 square kilometers, which is just a drop for the country's 9.6 million square kilometers. If our reform is successful, it will be of great significance to the country. If we fail, it is also a drop in the bucket, which doesn't affect the whole. Of course, we must do our best to strive for success and avoid failure. Our generation is old, and we don't have much time when we realize that we have to do something. So hope is pinned on you..."<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动，身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚，望着自己的父亲，眼睛也有点热了…… <br />
<br />
Gu Liji felt his blood flowing faster and his body was very hot. Nya, who had not made a sound, looked at his father and his eyes also felt a little hot...<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会 <br />
<br />
VII. Press Conference<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来，当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书，1984年4月被聘为办公室主任。 <br />
<br />
After Gu Liji came out of the training course, he worked as the industrial zone office secretary for a period of time and was hired as the office director in April 1984.<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚，因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口，听说顾立基6日一早要去香港，5日晚我去登门拜访。 <br />
<br />
I didn't see Yuan Geng in July and returned to Guangzhou for business. I returned to Shekou on August 5, and heard that Gu Liji was going to Hong Kong early in the morning on the 6th. I came to visit him on the evening of the 5th.<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告，我为了听这个报告，推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的，谁都可以听，欢迎你去。”一见面顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。 <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng is back in Hong Kong and will return to Shekou tomorrow afternoon. He will give a report at 7:30 p.m. in the club auditorium. I postponed my trip to Hong Kong for a day in order to listen to this report. The report was public that anyone can listen to it. Welcome to listen." As soon as we met, Gu Liji told me the good news.<br />
<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗？” <br />
<br />
"Could he have time to talk to me?"<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难，他在蛇口不会待太久，一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告，你最好陪他回宿舍——他儿子的住处，或者宾馆，这样边走边谈，可以谈十来分钟……” <br />
<br />
"I'm afraid it's difficult. He won't stay long in Shekou and has many things to deal with once he returns. After hearing the report tomorrow, you'd better accompany him back to his dormitory--his son's residence, or the hotel, so that you can talk for ten minutes while walking..."<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗？ <br />
<br />
I was a little disappointed. Was Yuan Geng really so hard to see?<br />
<br />
不管怎样，先听听他的报告再说吧。 <br />
<br />
Anyway, listened to his report first.<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半，袁庚的报告准时开始。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng's report began on time at 7:30 p.m. on August 6.<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影，大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。今天这个会也叫新闻发布会，街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂，基本上坐满了，放眼望过去，都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。 <br />
<br />
The club's auditorium was usually used to show movies, and large-scale rallies and press conferences were sometimes held here. Today's meeting was also called a press conference, and there were posters on the street. The auditorium, which could accommodate over a thousand people, was almost full. Looking around, there were all young and happy faces. <br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上，顾立基主持大会。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng and the manager of the China Merchants Hong Kong Development Department Xiong Bingquan, who visited abroad with him, sat on the rostrum while Gu Liji presided over the conference.<br />
<br />
一开始，袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说： <br />
<br />
At the beginning, Yuan Geng laughingly shook two sheets of paper and said:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕，只讲个把钟头。” <br />
<br />
"Don't be afraid, everyone. I only speak for one or two hours."<br />
<br />
人们笑了，其实怕的是他讲得太短。 <br />
<br />
People laughed. They were actually afraid that he spoke too short.<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问，历时23天，访问了4个国家、16个公司、18个城市，从新加坡开始，往西到英国，再到美国、日本，整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处，受到隆重的、破格的接待，我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们四个人，而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化，在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到做蛇口人的光荣。” <br />
<br />
"This trip abroad lasted 23 days, and visited 4 countries, 16 companies, and 18 cities, starting from Singapore, west to the United Kingdom, and then to the United States, Japan, going around the world. Everywhere we went, we received a grand and exceptional reception, which I have never received as a diplomat. This is not because people value the four of us, but because of the changes in China Merchants Group and Shekou Industrial Zone. All of you have contributed. I deeply appreciate the honor of being a Shekou people."<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张，出国访问要花自己的钱，花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、软弱的地位。这次出访，他们带了20万美金的信用卡，足够用了，所到之处都坚持这个原则，唯独在新加坡失灵了。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng always advocated that he needed to spend his own money on overseas visits. Spending other people's money would put him in a passive and weak position in negotiations. On this trip, they brought $200,000 in credit cards, enough to use. He adhered to this principle everywhere he went, except in Singapore.<br />
<br />
那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系，但新加坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检，从飞机场一直送到最高级的香格里拉大酒店，袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前，这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫人；在他之后，住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨），每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观什么项目，全部满足要求。 <br />
<br />
At that time we didn't have diplomatic relations with Singapore, but the relevant party in Singapore was very friendly. They were exempt from customs inspection, and were sent from the airport to the top-class Shangri-La Hotel, where Yuan Geng was put in the most luxurious "presidential suite" (before him, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher stayed here; after him, U.S. Secretary of State Schultz lived), with a daily room rate of HK$5,000. Their all requirements are met, no matter what they wanted to visit.<br />
<br />
临走结账时，酒店经理说：“在你们到来之前，已经有人付了全部费用。” <br />
<br />
When they checked out before leaving, the hotel manager said, "Someone had already paid the full cost before you came."<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁，英国老板们在海员罢工浪潮的冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们，给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说：“我们原打算3年之内种植20万株月季，把蛇口建成玫瑰之城，现在看来太落后了……” <br />
<br />
They visited Aberdeen, the logistical base of the North Sea Oil Field in Britain. They were impressed by the warm and courteous reception that they received from British bosses who were under the impact of the wave of seamen's strikes. They were equally impressed by the boundless blooming roses in the north of England." We originally planned to plant 200,000 China roses in three years to turn Shekou into a city of roses, but now it seems too far behind..." Yuan Geng said.<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国，主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。 <br />
<br />
The visit focused on the United States, and the main task was to sign a contract for the introduction of a float glass factory.<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡，大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。 <br />
<br />
In Pittsburgh, the Greater Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce honored Yuan Geng as an honorary member.<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔，华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民，交给他一把金钥匙。女市长在宴会上说：“我是百分之百的中国人，也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说：“我很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判，就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过，”在经济问题上，兄弟无情，六亲不认！何况是与外国人谈判！” <br />
<br />
In Montreal, the American Chinese mayoress, Lily Lee Chen, declared Yuan Geng an honorary citizen and handed him a golden key. The mayoress said at the banquet, "I am 100 percent Chinese and 100 percent American." Yuan Geng said, "I appreciate her words." The negotiations about the introduction of the float glass factory were not so easy. Yuan Geng said, "In economic matters, I am ruthless to brothers and place righteousness above family loyalty! Not to mention that I am negotiating with foreigners!"<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前，有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过的曲折。 <br />
<br />
Before appreciating Yuan Geng's art of negotiation, it was necessary to review the twists and turns at home to introduce the factory.<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。 <br />
<br />
let's use Yuan Geng's words to illustrate the point.<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日，袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说： <br />
<br />
On March 22, 1984, Yuan Geng said in a speech to the students of the third training course for business management cadres:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件，大家听了很高兴，但我们不要高兴得过早。不要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了，但官僚主义、红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事，还是有的。例如我们正在谈判的浮法玻璃厂，到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃，为什么不准我们用最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ？最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局交涉。她们去的时候，人家一口答应，讲你们回去好了，但等我们企业室派人带合同去盖章的时候，又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干，他们讲：‘你们派了记者、作家来，我敢不答应吗？弄得不好，你们要写报告文学，写内参，我受得了吗’？……” <br />
<br />
"The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a document on March 10. We are very happy to hear it, but we should not be happy too early. Do not think that everything is solved after they said something. The previous open challenges may be gone, but there are still bureaucracy, jealous men, people who guess the mind of a man of high character with a mean thought, and things of giving others a hard time. For example, float glass factory that we are negotiating for has not been approved until now. Our country has to import a large number of glass every year, why are we not allowed to use the most advanced technology to make glass to replace into the imported glass? We recently sent two capable women to the General Administration of Building Materials to negotiate. When they arrived, the people here freely agreed and said they could go back in peace, but when our enterprise office sent someone to Take the contract to be sealed, they overruled it. When we asked why they did it, they said: 'You sent journalists and writers. Did I dare not say yes? If we didn't do well, you would write reportage and internal references, could I stand it'? ..."<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨，交涉了九个月，オ过了国内这一关。 <br />
<br />
Good things never come easy. They negotiated for nine months to overcome this domestic difficulty.<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判，当然不可能用这么长的时间，但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想而知的。 <br />
<br />
Of course, it could not take such a long time to negotiate with the Americans, but the level of intensity of the bargaining could be imagined.<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂，简直是一座玻璃城！它生产各式各样的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃，用25磅大锤从20米外打去，地皮都震动了，玻璃却安然无恙。我们和美国合资，投资一亿美元，引进一座同样的工厂，买他的专利，以后我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点，集中在每年所付专利费占销售总额的百分比上。 <br />
<br />
The American float glass factory was a factory with advanced technology, which was totally a glass city! It produced all kinds of glass. There was a kind of toughened glass that was hit with a 25-pound sledgehammer from 20 meters away and the ground shook, but the glass stayed intact. We had a joint venture with the United States. We invested $100 million to bring in the factory and buy its patents. Then we could build a second and a third. It was a good deal. And the negotiations focused on the percentage of the annual royalties to be paid in total sales.<br />
<br />
美方要6%，我们还价4%。 <br />
<br />
The U.S. side wanted 6%, and we bargained for 4%.<br />
<br />
美方降到5%，我们加到4.5%。 <br />
<br />
The U.S. side dropped to 5%, and we increased to 4.5%.<br />
<br />
寸利必争，形成僵局。 <br />
<br />
They competed for their own profit, and a stalemate was formed.<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng spoke.<br />
<br />
“先生们，我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针，2000年前发明了火药，全人类都在享受这些伟大的成果，可是他们从来没有要过什么专利，我们作为后代从来没有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋，而是觉得光荣。请问各位，那时候你们的祖先在哪里？恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前，是不是毛特别多……” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, our ancestors invented the compass 4,000 years ago, and gunpowder 2,000 years ago. All the human beings enjoy these great achievements, but the ancestors never asked for any patents. We as future generations have never called them bastards because of it, but feel honored. May I ask you, where were your ancestors at that time? I am afraid they were still in the trees. Please look at your chests, are they very hairy..."<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前，一个个咧嘴笑了。 <br />
<br />
The Americans really looked down at their chests, and all grinned.<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕，我的意思不是不付专利费，而是要求公平合理r’ <br />
<br />
"But don't be afraid. I don't mean not to pay the royalties, but to ask you to be fair and reasonable!”<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格，坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们，说不定会抗议呢！”你骂我们的祖先，是可忍，孰不可忍！” <br />
<br />
This was typical Yuan Geng's style, frank, humorous and witty. It worked on Americans. If it were us, might have protested! "You scolded our ancestors. If this can be tolerated, what can not!"<br />
<br />
终于达成协议：4.75%，为期10年。 <br />
<br />
An agreement was finally reached: 4.75 percent for 10 years.<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进一个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂，专利费是5%，时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说： <br />
<br />
This was quite favorable. A major city introduced a British glass factory whose technology was not so advanced, with a royalty rate of 5% for 12 years. Yuan Geng finally said passionately:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处，绝不能走美国的路！ <br />
<br />
"The United States centralized the best and the worst things in the world. We have to learn from its strengths and never go the way of the United States!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退，工业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走，他们还有点生气，现在停滞不前了。 <br />
<br />
"The world economy is in recession and the industrial structure is being reorganized. Five years ago I went around the world and they were a little angry. Now they are stagnant.<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方，转移到太平洋沿岸。 <br />
<br />
"Some say the center of the world economy is going to shift to the East, to the Pacific coast, in the late 1980s.<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了，现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈，今天下午四点半一踏上蛇口码头，就感到无比的清新，感到一草一木都非常亲切。 <br />
<br />
"Our system has made people lazy in the past, and now it's changing. This time I traveled around the world. As soon as I stepped on the Shekou Pier at 4:30 this afternoon, I felt much refreshed and felt that everything was very familiar.<br />
<br />
“10月1日，蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话，那是大家的功劳！ <br />
<br />
"On October 1, the Shekou's float will pass in front of Tian'anmen Square! If it is thrilling, it's the contribution of everyone!<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的，思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上，我们一定要赶上和超过他们！” <br />
<br />
"The capitalist world is rich in material things and poor in mind. We are moving up. We must catch up and surpass them!" <br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时，宣布散会了，大家意犹未尽。 <br />
<br />
After only one and a half hours, the meeting was declared closed. People were still being immersed.<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了，我放弃了跟上去的打算。 <br />
<br />
When Yuan Geng walked out of the meeting place, he was immediately surrounded by people. I gave up the intention of following him.<br />
<br />
八、“搞什么阴谋诡计？” <br />
<br />
Ⅷ. "What Schemes and Intrigues You Want to Go in for?"<br />
<br />
8月7日，袁庚开了一整天会，据说8日也不会有空，而9日一早又要回香港了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上，我给他写了一封信，说明这一次如果不能和他交谈，我将等待，直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨，我把这封信交给了工业区党委副书记乔胜利，请他转交。 <br />
<br />
On August 7th, Yuan Geng spent the day in meetings. It was said that he would not be free on the 8th, while he would go back to Hong Kong early in the morning on the 9th. I had no hope of seeing him in the next two days. In the evening, I wrote him a letter explaining that if I could not talk to him this time, I would wait until his next trip from Hong Kong. Early on the morning of the 8th, I handed the letter to Qiao Shengli, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone, asking him to deliver it.<br />
<br />
8日上午，我到办公大楼访问王潮梁，两人刚坐下来，办公室副主任黄振超匆匆忙忙地叫我：“袁董回来了，快去见他！” <br />
<br />
On the morning of the 8th, I visited Wang Chaoliang at the office building. As soon as they sat down, Huang Zhenchao, deputy director of the office, called me hurriedly, “Mr. Yuan is back. Go and see him!"<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉，说明另改时间，急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。 <br />
<br />
I apologized to Wang Chaoliang, explaining to him to change the time, and hurriedly followed Huang Zhenchao toward Yuan Geng's office.<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的，中间隔着大块的透明玻璃，老远就看见了袁庚，他手里正拿着一大摞文件。 <br />
<br />
The industrial zone office and Yuan Geng's office were connected, separated by a large piece of transparent glass. I saw Yuan Geng far away. He was holding a large pile of papers.<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候，黄振超在旁边向他说明：”只是见见面，不会占你很多时间。” <br />
<br />
When I shook hands with him, Huang Zhenchao explained to him from the side, "Just to see you. It won't take up much of your time."<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng, however, smiled and said casually: <br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的？来搞什么阴谋诡计？” <br />
<br />
"You're from ''Flower City''? What schemes and intrigues do you want to go in for?"<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了，而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。 <br />
<br />
A joke shortened the distance between us, and I felt that there seemed to be some kind of subtext behind this sentence.<br />
<br />
我知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。 <br />
<br />
I knew Yuan Geng was also quite concerned about the problems of literature and arts. <br />
<br />
梁宪说过，前几年在北京开会，有一天袁庚看了张洁的小说《爱，是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章，问他：”你认识这个作家吗？咱们把她请到蛇口去！”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所了解的，“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。 <br />
<br />
Liang Xian said that when he went to Beijing for a meeting a few years ago, one day Yuan Geng read Zhang Jie's novel ''Love must not be forgotten'' and related critiques, and asked him: "Do you know this writer? Let's invite her to Shekou!" I believe he knew something about the ''Flower City'', which had been attracting a lot of attention in the past few years, and the joke of "schemes and intrigues" was said not without reason.<br />
<br />
我也笑着说： <br />
<br />
I also said with a smile:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋，要写你和蛇口。” <br />
<br />
"I want to go in for the overt conspiracy. I want to write about you and Shekou."<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下，舒服地往藤椅上一靠，摆出了准备谈一阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好，这里问题多得很，改革每前进一步都要经过斗争，到处充满着矛盾。” <br />
<br />
He led me to the small parlor between the two offices and sat down, leaning back comfortably in a rattan chair and assuming a posture as if he was ready to talk for a long time." I don't have anything to write about. Don't say everything is good here. There are many problems. Every step forward in reform has to fight for, and everywhere is full of contradictions."<br />
<br />
我说：”正是这一点吸引了我。” <br />
<br />
I said, "That's what attracted me."<br />
<br />
“一个国家没有民主是不行的，而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国，政治家演说，群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿扔他，他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的，但这一套对巩固资产阶级的统治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底，孙中山是想搞民主的，他死得太早，没搞成。中华民族是伟大的，但是历史的包袱太重了。” <br />
<br />
"A country can't be better without democracy, and there is no democracy when the masses don't have the right to supervise and oust cadres. We have reformed the cadre system. In foreign countries, when a politician makes a speech, the masses can throw rotten eggs and tomatoes at him, and he still speaks with an umbrella in the way. You say his democracy is fake, but it's useful for consolidating the rule of the bourgeoisie. We should practice socialist democracy. China's bourgeois democratic revolution was not complete. Sun Yat-sen wanted democracy, but he died too early to achieve it. The Chinese nation is great, but the historic burdens are too heavy."<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说： <br />
<br />
Huang Hongjian, who came in halfway, interjected and said:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿，她在美国学企业管理，谈起来也说：在美国深有感慨，感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重。 <br />
<br />
"I recently received the daughter of a comrade in charge of the central committee. She studied business management in the United States. She also said that in the United States, she had a deep feeling that our great nation's historic burdens are too heavy.<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族，就没有什么框框，我在报告会上也说了，他们的总督牌香烟广告有一句口号是’想做就去做’，这句话香港也接受不了，译成’应做就去做’。当然，想干什么就干什么是不行的，但我们许多应干的事却干不成。” <br />
<br />
"As a nation, the United States hasn't many restrictions. As I said in the report meeting, their Viceroy cigarettes has a slogan in advertising 'If it's right, do it', this phrase can not be accepted in Hong Kong, translated as ‘do what you have to do’. Of course, we shouldn't do what we want, but we can't accomplish many of the things we have to do."<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历，他扼要地做了回答，着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命”中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时，这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来，微笑着站在那里不动，我知道是催他去开会，我们的谈话该结束了。 <br />
<br />
Then I asked him about his experience, and he gave a brief answer, focusing on his joining the Communist Party and his imprisonment during the "Cultural Revolution". We had been talking for almost an hour when Wang Jingui, deputy director of the Management Committee, walked in and stood still with a smile. I knew he was urging him to go to the meeting and it was time to end our conversation. <br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志，我们马上又赶到太子宾馆，和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢，对监狱内外情形都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说： <br />
<br />
Huang Hongjian made an appointment by phone with Comrade Wang Zongqian, the wife of Yuan Geng, who lived in the Prince Hotel, and we immediately rushed to there, talking with Mrs. Wang who was gentle and polite for an hour. What we talked about was mainly that Yuan Geng was in jail and was clear about the situation inside and outside the prison. Mrs. Wang said slowly and fondly: <br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨，出来就蔦儿了，可是他不，他的劲头反而更大了。” <br />
<br />
"Many people were broken and never recovered after that kind of torture. But he didn't. He was even more aggressive."<br />
<br />
我心里说：这オ是袁庚！ <br />
<br />
I said in my heart: this is the real Yuan Geng!<br />
<br />
过了几天，乔胜利对陈宜浩说：“袁董看了我的信，答应下次回来再和我谈。”可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。 <br />
<br />
After a few days, Qiao Shengli said to Chen Yihao: "Chairman Yuan read my letter and promised to talk to me again the next time he came back." But soon he was invited to Fujian by Comrade Xiang Nan.<br />
<br />
8月25日上午，我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息，急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联系。但是太迟了，他过了中午又要回香港，而上午的时间已经排满，就在和我通话的时候，他不得不放下电话去开门。他说： <br />
<br />
On the morning of August 25, I got the news that Yuan Geng had returned to Shekou and hurriedly called the Prince Hotel to contact him. But it was too late. He was going back to Hong Kong afternoon, and the morning was already full. And just as he was talking to me, he had to put down the phone to open the door. He said:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧，不要紧的，我们没有秘密。” <br />
<br />
"If you have any questions, just talk on the phone. It doesn't matter. We have no secrets."<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访，一时想不齐全，只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字，他一一做了回答：”这些也要发表吗？”我说：“不一定发表。”他说：”发表也没关系，那天我讲话外国人也听了。” <br />
<br />
I hadn't prepared for the telephone interview and couldn't think of all questions for a while, so I had to ask him a few details and figures about his visit abroad, and he answered them all and said: "Are these going to be published too?" I said, "Not necessarily." He said, "It doesn't matter if it is published, because foreigners listened to my speech that day too."<br />
<br />
我说：”将来排出校样，送给你看看好吗？免得事实有出入。” <br />
<br />
I said, "When the proof is done in the future, I will send you to see, okay? In case there is something different to the facts."<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查，出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的，难免出点差错。捅点娄子也不要紧。” <br />
<br />
"That is not necessary. Don't censor everything. It doesn't matter if something goes wrong. People are vivid and substantial, and mistakes are inevitable. It doesn't matter if you make some mistakes."<br />
<br />
<br />
“好了，谢谢您。” "Well, thank you."<br />
<br />
“谢谢。” "Thank you."<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。 <br />
<br />
I suddenly thought of two sentences from Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观，来到铝材厂门口时，他向学员们介绍：这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人，23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起来，大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停工，一个工人从高处摔下来受了伤，他的哥哥跑过去看了看，见弟弟没有生命危险，便又回去干活了。 <br />
<br />
Once Yuan Geng personally led the students in the training course for business management cadres to visit. When they came to the entrance of the aluminum factory, he introduced to the students: The construction of the factory building was put out to the Japanese. 23 Japanese built it in only 27 days. Even though the rain was so heavy that they could not open their eyes, they did not stop working. A worker fell from a high place and was injured, his older brother ran over to see that his brother was not in danger, and then he went back to work again.<br />
<br />
袁庚说：“日本不富没有天理！中国改革不富也没有天理！” <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said, "There is no reason for Japan not to be rich! There is no reason for China’s reform not to be rich!"<br />
<br />
现在我想说：蛇口的改革不成功没有天理！ <br />
<br />
Now I would like to say: there is no reason for Shekou's reform not to succeed!<br />
<br />
九、大鹏魂 <br />
<br />
Ⅸ. Dapeng Spirit<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚，魁梧、潇洒，兼有外交家和实业家的风度，具有一种吸引人的魅カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢？ <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was 66 years old, stout and dashing, having the air of both a diplomat and an industrialist and an attractive charm. From where did he come to us?<br />
<br />
拨开历史的迷雾，我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。 <br />
<br />
Clearing up the fog of confusion, we saw the solid footprints of a hot-blooded man.<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园，算是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。 <br />
<br />
He was born in Shuiba Village, Dapeng Town, Bao'an City, Guangdong Province (now Longgang District, Shenzhen City). His family had an orchard and could be considered a well-off family. The wind and waves of Dapeng Bay cultivated his mind.<br />
<br />
1935年，他毕业于广州广雅中学，随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测量员，他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校，陈济棠下台后，这家军校成了国民党中央军校的分校。 <br />
<br />
In 1935, he graduated from Guangzhou Guangya High School and then entered a surveying school. After a short period as a surveyor, he entered the Yantang Military Academy run by Chen Jitang, which became a branch academy of the Nationalist Party Central Military Academy after Chen Jitang stepped down.<br />
<br />
在学校里，袁庚是活跃的足球门将，练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕业，他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官，一个个腐化不堪，对民族危亡无动于衷，便愤然回到故乡大鹏镇，担任第一小学校长，同时兼任地方自卫队教官。 <br />
<br />
In school, Yuan Geng was an active goalkeeper and developed a strong body. After graduating from the military academy, he saw that the instructors, who were full of benevolence and morality, were all corrupt and indifferent to the national peril, so he returned to his hometown Dapeng Town in anger and became the principal of the first elementary school, while also serving as an instructor of the local self-defense troop.<br />
<br />
学校是国民党办的，自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的，但是学校和自卫队中都有中共地下党员。 <br />
<br />
The school was run by Nationalist Party and the self-defense troop was run by Deng Yanda's Third Party, but there were underground members of the Communist Party in both the school and the self-defense troop.<br />
<br />
戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚，在当地是一个重要人物，三种政治力量对他都很重视。 <br />
<br />
When Yuan Geng returned to his hometown, he was an important figure in the area, and all three political forces attached great importance to him.<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文，和他住到一起，亲自考察他。 <br />
<br />
Wang Wen, secretary of the underground County Committee of CPC, lived with him and examined him personally.<br />
<br />
革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
<br />
The hearts of revolutionaries and patriots were always in sympathy. Yuan Geng soon became friends with Wang Wen, Zhong Wen, Lai Zhongyuan and other underground party members, and was also close to Wang Bo, a teacher being trained by the party organization. Yuan Geng actively participated in all the activities to promote anti-Japanese, such as organizing evening schools and acting in plays. One time in the performance of "Put Down Your Whip", Wang Bo played the daughter who made a living by singing, and Yuan Geng played a young man who stopped the father from whipping his daughter. When he shouted "Put down your whip", he completely got into the role, forgetting that he was acting, and many audiences also rushed after him...<br />
<br />
1939年3月27日，袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党，从这一天起，他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。 <br />
<br />
On March 27, 1939, Yuan Geng was recommended to join the Communist Party of China by comrades Wang Wen and Zhong Wen. From that day on, he had lived up to the honorable title of member of the Communist Party of China.<br />
<br />
当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党的漫画，刺痛了国民党区党部，他的处境变得危险了，党组织于1939年冬天把他转移到党领导的抗日游击队，从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子，像大鹏一样展翅高飞了。 <br />
<br />
There was a local progressive publication "Dapeng Spirit". Yuan Geng published a cartoon satirizing the Nationalist Party in it, which stung the District Party headquarters of the Nationalist Party. His situation became dangerous and the Party organization transferred him to the anti-Japanese guerrilla force led by the Party in the winter of 1939, from which he began his fighting career in the East River Column. The son of Dapeng Bay spread his wings and flew high like the roc (named Dapeng in Chinese).<br />
<br />
抗日战争期间，美军作为盟军，在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组，担任东纵联络处处长的袁庚，和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示，东纵和美军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报，对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。 <br />
<br />
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the U.S. Army, as an allied force, sent an observation group in Yan'an and one in the East River Column. Yuan Geng, who was the director of the Liaison Office of East River Column, remained in regular contact with the U.S. military observation group in East River Column. According to the instructions of the Central Committee, the East River Column and the U.S. observation group exchanged information about the Japanese army in South China, which played a positive role in defeating Japanese imperialism.<br />
<br />
日寇投降时，英军远在缅甸，一个海军少将只率领一营人乘航空母舰赶到香港。他的兵力不足以维持治安，要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央，中央复电：为了对付国民党的内战阴谋，坚决撤离港九地区；同时要求在香港设立联络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判，袁庚不辱使命，漂亮地完成了任务，并成为驻香港办事处的第一任主任，这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能想到，历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折，二十多年后，这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。 <br />
<br />
When the Japanese aggressors surrendered, the British army was in Burma. A Rear Admiral led only one battalion to Hong Kong by an aircraft carrier. His forces were not enough to maintain law and order, and he asked our Hong Kong-Kowloon detachment of the East River Column not to retreat. The East River Column asked the Central Committee for advice, and the Central Committee replied with a telegram: In order to deal with the conspiracy of the Nationalist Party's civil war, evacuate the Hong Kong-Kowloon area resolutely; at the same time, set up a liaison agency in Hong Kong. The East River Column sent Yuan Geng to Hong Kong to negotiate. Yuan Geng fulfilled his mission, doing his job well and became the first director of the Liaison Office in Hong Kong, which was the predecessor of the Hong Kong branch of Xinhua News Agency later. Who would have thought that the way forward of history could be so twisted and more than twenty years later, these achievements had become "crimes".<br />
<br />
十、秦城监狱 <br />
<br />
X. Qincheng Prison<br />
<br />
1968年4月6日，袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家，到机关去上班。北京的4月初，春寒料峭，风沙迷眼，加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报，形成一片肃杀气氛，使袁庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作，刚告一段落，还来不及喘口气，就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息，他于愤懑中保持着镇定。 <br />
<br />
On April 6, 1968, Yuan Geng left his home in Xiyuan early in the morning and went to work. In early April in Beijing, the spring air was chill, and the wind and sand got into the eyes, with ferocious big-character posters everywhere, which formed an awful atmosphere, making Yuan Geng extremely depressed. He had just come to the end of his work of receiving and transporting Chinese refugees from Indonesia and he couldn't even catch his breath before he returned to work. Recently, he kept hearing the news that his old comrades in the East River Column had lost their freedom or their whereabouts were unknown. He kept his composure in the midst of his resentment.<br />
<br />
回到办公室不久，有人通知：“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门，看到除部长之外，还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长，面孔板得像一座木雕。 <br />
<br />
Soon after he returned to the office, someone informed him, "The minister wants to see you." He opened the door of the minister's office and saw that in addition to the minister, there were two public security officers. The minister, whose name often appeared in the newspapers, pulled a face like a wooden statue.<br />
<br />
“袁庚，你被捕了！” <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng, you're under arrest!"<br />
<br />
下午，机关召开大会，部长在会上宣布：”袁庚是美国特务，已经依法逮捕。“袁庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和刘丹一，互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周总理安全的情景，记忆犹新，那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间，周旋于华侨社会之中，眼睛熬红了，人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场，天理何在？！ <br />
<br />
In the afternoon, the organ held a general meeting and the minister announced: "Yuan Geng is an American spy and has been arrested in obedience to the law." Yuan Geng's close friends and neighbors, Liu Yamin and Liu Dan Yi, who worked together with him as consuls at the consulate-general in Jakarta, Indonesia, in the 1950s, exchanged looks of grief and indignation. In 1954, Yuan Geng and they worked together to defend the Bandung Conference and the security of Premier Zhou. The memory of the scene was still vivid. At that time, when Yuan Geng traveled between Jakarta and Bandung, circulated among the overseas Chinese community, his eyes were red, and he lost a lot of weight by overwork. Such loyalty ended up like this. Where was the justice?<br />
<br />
与此同时，汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中，勒令交出所有的钥匙，开始抄家。翻箱倒柜，从下午抄到天黑，然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时，オ发现三个孩子被关在门外不准进家，左邻右舍也不敢收留，孩子们在抹眼泪…… <br />
<br />
At the same time, Comrade Wang Zongqian was brought back home from his office, and ordered to hand over all his keys. They began to search her house. They rummaged the whole house, from afternoon to dark, and then brought her back to the office to search her desk. When she went out, she found that three children were shut out of the house and not allowed to enter the house. The neighbors did not dare to take them in, and the children were wiping their tears...<br />
<br />
从此以后，袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里，也不知是死是活，到哪里打听都说不知道。1969年，汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校，孩子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”，但作为“反革命家属”，她只能干最脏最累的活，如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎，痛得胳膊抬不起来，医生建议回北京治疗，干校就是不准。直到1972年初夏，她的大孩子中印就要下乡插队了，她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服，打点行装，オ被批准。 <br />
<br />
From then on, Yuan Geng disappeared from life. Wang Zongqian did not know where he was locked up, nor did she know if he was dead or alive. Everywhere she asked all said he did not know. In 1969, Wang Zongqian went to a cadet school in Zou County, Shandong Province, with the organ, while the children stayed in Beijing to live with their grandmother. Although Wang Zongqian was considered a "student of the cadre school", but as a "family member of a counter-revolutionary", she could only do the dirtiest and most tiring works, such as taking away manure from privies and washing toilets. Her left shoulder was suffering from periarthritis of the shoulder. It was so painful that she couldn't lift her arm. The doctor suggested that she go back to Beijing for treatment, but the cadre school didn't allow it. Until the early summer of 1972, when her eldest child, Zhongyin, was about to go and work in the countryside, she asked for leave to return to Beijing to wash her child's clothes and pack his luggage, which was approved.<br />
<br />
1972年7月，袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后，有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去探监。“他还活着，他还活着！”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。 <br />
<br />
In July 1972, when Yuan Geng was arrested for four years and three months, someone suddenly informed Wang Zongqian to visit him in Qincheng Prison. "He is still alive, he is still alive!" Wang Zongqian's heart was stuffed with this thought.<br />
<br />
汪宗谦心酸地发现，袁庚行走困难，说话声音也变了，而且他不知道当时是何年何月！ <br />
<br />
Wang Zongqian sadly find that Yuan Geng was difficult to walk, his voice had changed, and he even didn't know when it was!<br />
<br />
原来监狱里日夜亮着灯，犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替，失去了时间的概念；睡觉时只准脸朝外，一条腿总是压在下边，时间长了造成萎缩；长期不讲话，声带都沙哑了。 <br />
<br />
It turned out that the prison was lit day and night, so the prisoners could not distinguish and remember the alternation of day and night, losing the notion of time; they only allowed to sleep with their face outward, and one leg was always pressed down, which caused atrophy over time; they didn't speak for a long period, so the vocal cords were hoarse.<br />
<br />
我曾经听说，袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西，只有放风时在天井里看到墙根的小草。 <br />
<br />
I once heard that Yuan Geng could not see anything alive for several years in prison, and only saw the grass at the foot of the wall in the patio when he was allowed to go out.<br />
<br />
问他是不是这样，他说： <br />
<br />
When he was asked if this was the case, he said:<br />
<br />
“不，还有蚂蚁，我对蚂蚁很有研究。” <br />
<br />
"No, there are ants. I studied ants a lot."<br />
<br />
这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量！ <br />
<br />
How much heavy weight this easy sentence contained!<br />
<br />
汪宗谦见过了袁庚，就为救他而奔走了。 <br />
<br />
Having met Yuan Geng, Wang Zongqian ran around to save him.<br />
<br />
“没见他不知道他死活，既然知道他还活着，我就怕他死了！问题还没搞清，死了孩子们都得背黑锅呀！他住在楼上，要到楼下的天井放风，上下都很辛苦，我到中央接待站去上访，请求把他搬到楼下来，这个要求被接受了。” <br />
<br />
"I didn't know if he was dead or alive when I didn't see him, and since I knew he was alive, I'm afraid he will die! The problem is not yet clear, and the children will have to get the blame if he is dead! He lived upstairs and had to go downstairs to the patio to breathe the fresh air. It was hard to get up and down, so I went to the reception center of the central committee to ask for moving him downstairs, and this request was accepted."<br />
<br />
袁庚搬到楼下的一间房，发现席子底下有一团花白的头发，他判断这里关过一个五十多岁的女同志。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng moved to a room downstairs and found a tangle of white hair under the matting. He judged that a female comrade in her fifties had been imprisoned here.<br />
<br />
后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事，王光美说：“没错，正是我住过的那间房。” <br />
<br />
Later he talked about it accidentally with comrade Wang Guangmei at a banquet, who said, "Yes, it was exactly the same room I lived in."<br />
<br />
袁庚出狱，已是1973年9月30日，整整关了5年半。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was released from prison on September 30, 1973, after five and a half years.<br />
<br />
在狱中，睡觉时只要一转身，看守就在外边敲门。夜晚，敲门声常常把人惊醒。袁庚回到家里，刚一入睡就惊醒了，这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年，这种心悸病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能，却用了更长的时间。每天，汪宗谦搀着袁庚，一步，一步，慢慢地走，越走越远，越走越快，走了一年之久，两条腿オ恢复了平衡。 <br />
<br />
In prison, when he was sleeping, as soon as he turned around, the guard was outside knocking on the door. At night, the knocking often woke him up. After Yuan Geng returned home, he woke up just as soon as he fell asleep, which was the real lingering fear. After half a year, this fear gradually disappeared. And it took longer to restore the function of that atrophied leg. Every day, Wang Zongqian helped Yuan Geng, step by step, slowly walking, further and faster. After walking for a year, his two legs restored the balance.<br />
<br />
更可悲的是，有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子，出来不会走直路了，一走就转圈，连马路也不能过。 <br />
<br />
What was more sad was that some people walked in circles for years in their cells, and when they came out, they couldn't walk straight, they walked in circles and even couldn't cross the road.<br />
<br />
人啊，人！ <br />
<br />
Oh, human!<br />
<br />
人的尊严到哪里去了！ <br />
<br />
Where had the dignity of human gone!<br />
<br />
经过一年多的休养治疗，1975年，袁庚被分配到交通部，当了外事局副局长。 <br />
<br />
After more than a year of recuperation and treatment, Yuan Geng was assigned to the Ministry of Communications as the deputy director of the Foreign Affairs Bureau in 1975.<br />
<br />
一恢复工作，袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体一样活跃起来。 <br />
<br />
Once he returned to work, Yuan Geng's mind became as active as his newly recovered body.<br />
<br />
恢复工作之前，袁庚骑自行车上街，总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道，“不能开慢点吗”！恢复工作之后，自己也坐上了小汽车，有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了，“不能靠边骑吗”！他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化，在心里警告自己道：”可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀！” <br />
<br />
Before he resumed work, Yuan Geng rode a bicycle to the street and always felt that the cars passing by were too overbearing, "Can't you drive slower"! After he resumed work, he also drove the car and sometimes felt that the bicycles on the road were in the way, "Can't you ride on the side"? He soon realized this subtle change in his mental state and warned himself, "I can't let my position dictate my thinking!"<br />
<br />
多年来，这成了他的一个信条。 <br />
<br />
Over the years, this became one of his credos.<br />
<br />
十一、香港第一课 <br />
<br />
Ⅺ. The First Lesson in Hong Kong<br />
<br />
1978年，做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚，以花甲之年改行搞经济，被派到香港招商局担任副董事长。 <br />
<br />
In 1978, Yuan Geng, who had spent most of his life in military and diplomatic work, changed his career to economics in his sixties and was sent to the China Merchants Hong Kong to serve as vice chairman.<br />
<br />
招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日，招商局香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱，从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长，所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。从李鸿章算起，袁庚是第29任了。 <br />
<br />
China Merchants Group was founded in 1872 by Li Hongzhang, a northern minister in the Qing Dynasty. On January 15, 1950, the 13 ships of the Hong Kong branch of China Merchants Group rose in revolt and returned to the embrace of the motherland, then becoming the representative agency of the Ministry of Communications in Hong Kong. Previous ministers of the Ministry of Communications also served as chairman of the China Merchants Hong Kong, so the vice chairman was the de facto person in charge. Reckoning from Li Hongzhang, Yuan Geng was the 29th minister.<br />
<br />
香港招商局在极'左’思想影响之下，经营单一，困守一隅，搞了几十年没有什么发展。袁庚到任，根据中央定下的“以航运为中心，立足港澳，背靠内地，面向海外，多种经营，工商结合，买卖结合”的方针，以铁腕大力整顿。 <br />
<br />
Under the influence of the thought of the extreme 'left’, the China Merchants Hong Kong was very conservative with narrow business scope, and didn't develop much for decades. When Yuan Geng took office, he made energetic efforts to rectify with an iron fist, according to the policy of "shipping as the center, based on Hong Kong and Macao, backed by the mainland, facing overseas, a variety of business, combination of industry and commerce, and combination of buying and selling" set by the central committee.<br />
<br />
袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said in his speech at the Economic Seminar of Part Coastal Open Cities:<br />
<br />
“我到香港的第一课，就是买了一座大楼，非常便宜，只花了6180万（港币）。第一次交订金时，支票2000万。那天是星期五，当时讲好下午2点钟，在一个律师楼里，大家一手交钱，一手交货。我们开了2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里，发动机都没有停。一上去之后，大家一手交货，一手交钱，签字。签完字，对方拿着支票，两个人夹住，下去了。剩下一个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度，马上存到银行里去了。因为明天是礼拜六了，人家银行关门，礼拜天也关门，假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前不到银行去交那个支票的话，他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支票交给他。我们的财务去了，他回来向我们报告，他说当时那个场面是很动人的。当然，我们闭着眼睛也能想到，资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重视，当时浮动利息是14厘，三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志，那就无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去，回家。他没有这个观念！这就是香港第一课。我也不怕自惭形秽，一窍不通，我接触经济工作，仅仅是5年多前开始的。但一开始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多！招商局的子公司多的是，一检查，发现支票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了，换了一个华东财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后，我就给他讲这个道理，一个礼拜之内他就能够接受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事，立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后，财源滚滚而来。……这个‘时间就是金钱’，不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我，其实这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’，它说得比我还厉害，时间重于金钱！” <br />
<br />
"My first lesson in Hong Kong was to buy a building, which was very cheap, costing only 61.8 million (Hong Kong dollars). The deposit I paid for the first time was a cheque for 20 million. It was a Friday, and it was agreed that we would cash on delivery at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, in a lawyer building. We signed a cheque for 20 million and went to the lawyer building. There were many people from the seller's side. A few cars were parked downstairs, with their engines running. Once we went up, we cashed on delivery, and signed. After signing, the other party took the cheque, two people clamped it, and went down. One boss was left to talk to us about the aftermath. The cheque was sent to the bank to be deposited immediately by a car as fast as possible. Because tomorrow was Saturday, the bank was closed, and was also closed on Sunday. If he didn't go to the bank to hand over that cheque before 3 o'clock on Friday afternoon, he would lose the interest of 20 million for three days. So he asked for the cheque to be delivered to him on time. Our accountant went there and he came back to report to us, and he said it was a very moving scene. Of course, we could think it blindfolded. Why the capitalist attached so much importance to the interest of 20 million in the bank for three days. At that time, the floating rate was 1.4%, and three days means tens of thousands of dollars of interest. If it was our comrade in the mainland, it didn't matter. This check would be put at home and he would go home. Because he didn't have this concept! This was the first lesson I learned in Hong Kong. I'm not afraid to be ashamed of myself and know nothing about it. I just started working in the economy more than five years ago. But as soon as I started, I realized that we have a lot of problems with economic work in China! There are many subsidiaries of the China Merchants Group. When I checked, I found that they thought putting the cheque at home overnight was not a serious thing. Soon I changed the accountant and replaced him with a graduate from the East China College of Finance and Economics. When he came, I told him it, and within a week he was able to accept it. He said that money management here was totally different from the mainland, and he would immediately rectify it. After the rectification, the money was rolling in... 'Time is money' is not unreasonable. Now many people scold me. Actually, this phrase was not invented by me. China has long spoken 'An inch of time is worth an inch of gold', which is said more strongly than my words. Time is more important than money!"<br />
<br />
招商局走上轨道，袁庚就考虑进一步的发展了。1979年初，他和有关同志带着在蛇口开发工业区的蓝图，到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志很感兴趣，当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给工业区，袁庚还没有这个胆量，只要了2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候，袁庚心里默默地说： <br />
<br />
After China Merchants Group was on the right track, Yuan Geng considered further development. At the beginning of 1979, he and some related comrades went to Beijing to report to Li Xiannian, and Gu Mu with the blueprint for developing the industrial zone in Shekou. Li Xiannian and Gu Mu were very interested, and agreed to give the entire Nanshan Peninsula to the industrial zone. But Yuan Geng did not have the guts, only receiving 2.14 square kilometers. When Comrade Li Xiannian picked up his pen to sign their report, Yuan Geng silently said in his heart:<br />
<br />
“先念同志，签吧，您这一笔下去，将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀！” <br />
<br />
"Comrade Xiannian, sign it. With this stroke written down, future generations of the Chinese nation will be benefited ah!"<br />
<br />
十二、清新 <br />
<br />
Ⅻ. Freshness<br />
<br />
1984年8月，蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅，迎面是一架屏风，正中间挂着一幅草书，苍劲流畅的书法，引人注目，细看那内容，更是气度非凡。这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本，把它抄了下来。 <br />
<br />
In August 1984, the first painting and calligraphy exhibition in Shekou Industrial Zone opened. The audience entered the exhibition hall, facing a screen, with a cursive calligraphy hanging in the middle. The strong and smooth calligraphy was eye-catching. When looking closely at the content, it was more imposing. This was the work of the versatile Yuan Geng. I couldn't resist pulling out my notebook and copying it down.<br />
<br />
登微波楼 <br />
<br />
Climbing the Microwave Telecommunication Building<br />
<br />
微波楼上，雨初晴，水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小，探手银河可摘。鹰掠浮云，鸥翻怒浪，何惧风雷激。掀天揭地，方显男儿胆识。梧桐山挹群峰，若游龙，直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海，洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排，帆樯队列，似神蛇添翼。中华崛起，英雄豪杰辈出。 <br />
<br />
Standing on the Microwave Telecommunication Building, it just clears up after the rain and the sky is clear blue after being immersed in water. I look far away, finding that the universe is so small, as if I can reach for the Milky Way. The eagle glides through the floating clouds, and seagulls flip over the surging waves, who are completely unafraid of the gathering storm. The world is shaken, showing the courage and insight of men. The peaks of the Wutong Mountain, like dragons in flight, sweep across Tuen Mun in the northwest. Rolling Pearl River flows south into the sea, showering Lindingyang Bay with spring scenery. The factory buildings are located like fish scales, and the ships are in a queue, like the divine snake who has grown wings. With the rise of China, numerous heroes have emerged.<br />
<br />
时维甲子，序属清明，雨后登蛇口微波楼，有清新感，兴之所至，填［念奴娇］。格律工否，非所计也，取其义耳。 <br />
<br />
Now is Pure Brightness in 1984. After the rain, I climb the Microwave Telecommunication Building in Shekou and have a feeling of freshness. Then I write a poem to the tune of Nian Nu Jiao while the whim lasts. I don't consider the rules and forms of the poem, but the meaning of it.<br />
<br />
宝安袁庚 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng in Baoan<br />
<br />
我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过，“每登微波楼，均有清新感”。可见“清新感”一词不是随便用的。 <br />
<br />
I paid attention to the words "have a feeling of freshness". In a letter to Liu Da, the president of Tsinghua University, Yuan Geng also said, "Every time I climb the Microwave Telecommunication Building, I have a feeling of freshness. It was clear that the phrase " a feeling of freshness " could not be used casually.<br />
<br />
我有同感。 <br />
<br />
I felt the same way.<br />
<br />
蛇口经过5年多的建设，已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区，当然以工业为主。引进项目98个，有52个已经开业投产。几十座工厂，几百栋宿舍楼，海滨的花园别墅，在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排，帆樯队列”，完全是写实，没有一点夸张。工业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头，许多外国石油公司和财团的代表机构也在这里办公，水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前，蒲公英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上，就是引进的具有20世纪70年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望，整个工业区尽收眼底，难怪这是袁庚心爱的一个去处。 <br />
<br />
After more than five years of construction, Shekou had become a new type of seaport. The industrial zone, of course, focused on industry. 82 projects had been introduced, 52 of which went into production. Dozens of factories, hundreds of dormitory buildings, and garden villas at the seaside went up at the desolate beach. "The factory buildings are located like fish scales, and the ships are in a queue" was written realistically, without any exaggeration. The seven-story office building of the Industrial Zone’s management committee was located close to the Wuwan Pier, where the representative offices of many foreign oil companies and consortia also worked here. The hydrofoils ran between Shekou and Hong Kong. In front of the building, a dandelion-like circular water sculpture splashed water like pearls. On the hill behind the building was the introduced microwave telecommunication building with the advanced level of the 1970s. Climbing the building to look around, the whole industrial area could be seen. No wonder this was Yuan Geng's favorite place to go.<br />
<br />
六湾中央的岸边，停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪华的大型客轮，诞生于1962年的法国，后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间，它在海洋上奔波，到过数十个海港城市，如今它退役了，古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归宿之地。它虽然不再航行，但风姿不减当年，以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜，灯火通明，烟花四起，它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候，一片反对之声，现在事实说明，它为蛇口添了异彩，对的又是袁庚。 <br />
<br />
The Minghua ship, which was dedicated an inscription of "Sea Word" by Deng Xiaoping, docked at the shore of the central area of Liuwan Bay. This luxury large passenger ship was born in France in 1962, and was later bought by Guangzhou Ocean Shipping Company. Over the past 21 years, it had traveled on the ocean and visited dozens of seaports. Now that it was retired, the ancient but young Shekou had become its home. Though it no longer sailed, but its charm was as good as ever, attracting thousands of visitors with its rooms, restaurants, dance hall, shopping mall and amusement park. At night, with its bright lights and fireworks, it seemed to be a palace on the sea. When Yuan Geng decided to spend 3 million yuan to buy it last year, many people disagreed with him. Now the facts showed that it had added a different color to Shekou. Yes, it was Yuan Geng again.<br />
<br />
晚上，我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上，观两岸灯火，听一片涛声，历史和现实在脑海里交叉、叠印，我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远，就是伶仃洋，就是珠江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音，陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音，仿佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮，更是历史的见证。 <br />
<br />
In the evening, I went for a walk at the seaside. I sat on the stone rail, watching the lights on both sides of the sea, listening to the sound of the wave, history and reality crossing and overprinting in my mind, and my heart could not calm down like the sea. Not far to the west, was the Lonely Ocean (Lindingyang Bay), which was the mouth of the Pearl River. The sound of Wen Tianxiang's sighing "On Lonely Ocean now I feel dreary and lonely" and the sound of Lu Xiufu's throwing himself into the sea with the Song Emperor on his back seemed to come from the depths of history. The rusty ancient cannon on the Chiwan Zuo Fort was also a witness of history.<br />
<br />
144年前，面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队，它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼，从而揭开了鸦片战争的序幕。但是，它能打掉海盗船的威风，却打不掉清王朝的腐朽，它和林则徐一道被出卖了。花开花谢，潮涨潮落，一百年过去了，终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚，指挥炮兵健儿，威震敌胆，一举解放了这片土地，解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到，30年的历史弯路，辜负了这大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心，月黑风高之夜，来到这荒凉的海滩，从这儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙，涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候，痛苦的心情真是难以表达。现在好了，オ过去五年，不过是历史的一瞬，蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色，他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喁喁私语的情侣，望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的孩子，心里暗暗地说：祝福你们，幸运的蛇口人！ <br />
<br />
Some young people lost confidence in the motherland. They came to this desolate beach in the dark and windy night, swimming to the lights on the other side from here. Some of them drowned in the halfway, and the tide pushed their bodies back to the place where they started. When Yuan Geng returned to Shekou five years ago and saw the bodies of these unfortunate people, it was hard to express his pain. Now, only five years passed, which was a moment in history, Shekou's lights at night were not inferior to the other side of the sea. It was said that Yuan Geng once drove on the other side of the sea to look at the night of Shekou, and I think it was also hard to express his joyful feelings. I looked at the couples whispering to each other on the benches in the seaside garden, at the children dancing around their young parents, and secretly said: Bless you, lucky Shekou people! 144 years ago, in the face of the unbeatable British Imperial Fleet, it bravely gave its first roar, thus opening the prologue of the Opium War. However, it could knock down the might of the pirate ships, but not the decadence of the Qing Dynasty, and it was betrayed along with Lin Zexu. With flowers blooming and fading, and the tide rising and falling, a hundred years passed, and it finally ushered in the earthshaking changes in 1949. Yuan Geng, the head of the artillery regiment of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, commanded the artillery soldiers to strike terror into the hearts of the enemy, and liberated this land and Dachan Island on Lindingyang Bay at one stroke. But no one expected that 30 years of historical detours failed to live up the beautiful land’s expectations.<br />
<br />
这还是看得见的清新气象，还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、工资制度的改革，由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化，这些属于上层建筑领域的清新之处，比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。 <br />
<br />
These were the visible fresh scenes, but there were also the invisible ones. The reform of the economic system, the personnel system, the wage system, the changes in human relations and values caused by these changes, which were the freshness of the superstructure, was more beautiful and moving than the brilliant lights of the night.<br />
<br />
啊，清新的蛇口！ <br />
<br />
Ah, the fresh Shekou!<br />
<br />
十三、心血 <br />
<br />
XIII. Painstaking Effort<br />
<br />
清新动人的蛇口，是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。 <br />
<br />
The fresh and attractive Shekou was sculpted by thousands of laborers with their painstaking efforts and hands.<br />
<br />
这中间，袁庚倾注了更多的心血。 <br />
<br />
And Yuan Geng devoted more efforts.<br />
<br />
工业区创建初期，香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥，他出色地贯彻了袁庚的意图，艰苦深入，日夜辛劳，给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港后，袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计，又关心具体问题，处理问题总是站在战略的高度，高瞻远瞩。他一天工作十几个小时，中午在藤椅上靠几分钟又工作了，晚上常常熬到深夜。 <br />
<br />
In the early days of the industrial zone, Zhang Zhensheng, the general manager of Ocean Shipping Company affiliated to China Merchants Hong Kong, served as the commander-in-chief. He carried out Yuan Geng's intention brilliantly, going into more depth about it, working hard day and night, which left a deep impression on people. After he was transferred back to Hong Kong, Yuan Geng took on the main leadership position of the industrial zone himself. He not only considered the overall policy, but also cared about the specific problems. He always dealt with problems from a strategic height and looked far ahead. He worked more than ten hours a day, leaning on a rattan chair for a few minutes at noon and then working again. He often stayed up late at night.<br />
<br />
第一批引进的工厂中，有个华美钢厂，是招商局与香港合资的企业。 <br />
<br />
Huamei Steel was one of the first factories which were introduced, which was a joint venture between China Merchants Group and Hong Kong.<br />
<br />
这位姓施的老板，本来是经营地皮股票的，对办工厂并无兴趣。 <br />
<br />
The owner, surnamed Shi, used to trade land stocks, and was not interested in running a factory.<br />
<br />
袁庚在印尼工作时结识的一位华侨朋友，代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术，认为在蛇口办一间轧制钢材的钢厂有利可图，便极カ劝施老板投资。 <br />
<br />
A Chinese friend, who was met by Yuan Geng while he was working in Indonesia, investigated the steel technology in the country in Boss Shi's stead. He thought it was profitable to run a steel mill that rolled steel in Shekou, so he tried to advise Boss Shi to invest.<br />
<br />
双方有利，一拍即合。 <br />
<br />
The two sides were favorable, and they immediately agreed.<br />
<br />
引进的设备在国内是先进的，投资额近一亿港元。 <br />
<br />
The equipment introduced was advanced in China, and the investment was worth nearly HK$100 million.<br />
<br />
1984年春，钢厂股东和工业区管委会举行联席会议，讨论经营方面面临的问题。港务公司提出一个悬案：建厂初期，厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的露天堆场，已经7个多月，港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费，而厂方拒绝付款，一直未能解决。 <br />
<br />
In the spring of 1984, shareholders of the steel mill and the industrial zone management committee held a joint meeting to discuss the problems in management. The ports company put forward an unsolved case: in the early days of the factory, more than 3000 tons of steel were stacked in the open yard of Wuwan Pier. It had been more than seven months, and ports company wanted to collect HK $600000 in stacking fees, but the factory refused to pay, which had not been solved.<br />
<br />
这个问题一提出，气氛紧张起来，施老板很激动，把财务经理和总工程师都叫来，讨价还价。他们说，工厂里没有堆场，所以无法提货，这不能怪他们。袁庚提出到工厂去看看，确实没有堆场，但那是管理不善造成的，只要加以整顿，就完全可以清出堆场来。 <br />
<br />
As soon as this question was raised, the atmosphere became strained. Boss Shi was so excited that he called the financial manager and the chief engineer to haggle. They said there was no yard in the factory, so they could not take delivery of the goods, which could not blame them. Yuan Geng proposed to the factory to see. There was no storage yard indeed, but it was caused by mismanagement. As long as to rectify, they could completely clear a storage yard.<br />
<br />
施老板知道理亏，答应出一半堆放费。 <br />
<br />
Boss Shi knew that he was in the wrong position, promising to pay half of the stacking fee.<br />
<br />
事情没有解决，该吃午饭了，袁庚说下午再议。 <br />
<br />
The matter was not resolved. It was time to eat lunch, and Yuan Geng said to discuss it in the afternoon.<br />
<br />
午饭后的短暂时间，袁庚当机立断，做了我方人员的思想工作，说明吸引施先生投资办工厂不易，应从大处和远处着眼，做出让步。 <br />
<br />
In a short time after lunch, Yuan Geng made an immediate decision to do the ideological work of our staff, explaining that it was not easy to attract Mr. Shi to invest and run the factory, so they should look at the big picture and the long term, to make concessions.<br />
<br />
下午会一开始，施老板就不耐烦地说： <br />
<br />
As soon as the meeting started at noon, Boss Shi said impatiently:<br />
<br />
“袁老板，你拍板吧！工厂你招商局也有份的！” <br />
<br />
"Boss Yuan, you decide! Your Merchants Group take a share of the factory as well!"<br />
<br />
袁庚不紧不慢地说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said unhurriedly:<br />
<br />
“这件事，我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的，工厂怎能长期让它堆放在码头？工厂没有堆场，这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对，你们为什么不催货主提货，任凭这些钢铁长期堆放？难道只要有堆放费可收就行了？你们应当考虑工业区的全局利益，考虑如何促进生产。 <br />
<br />
"In this case, I think there is blame on both sides. Since the steel belongs to the factory, how can the factory let it be stacked at the pier for a long time? The factory does not have a store yard, which is caused by management chaos. The ports company is also wrong. Why didn't you urge the owner of the cargo to take delivery of the goods and let the steel pile up for a long time? Do you just need to have a stacking fee to collect? You should consider the overall interests of the industrial zone and consider how to promote production.<br />
<br />
“出现这样的问题，是第一次，我的意见，这一次堆放费就免了，下不为例，工厂必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。” <br />
<br />
"It is the first time that such a problem has occurred. My opinion is that the stacking fee will be waived this time, and it will not be repeated next time. And the factory must remove these steels as soon as possible."<br />
<br />
这种出乎意料的处理方式，使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说：“谢谢你，袁先生！我口服心服！工厂接受批评，一定限期运走。”之后施老板积极性大增，双方合作一直很好。 <br />
<br />
This unexpected treatment impressed Boss Shi, who was in his thirties. He stood up and said, "Thank you, Mr. Yuan! I was sincerely convinced! The factory accepted the criticism and must take them away within a certain time limit." Since then, Boss Shi had been more active and the cooperation between the two sides had been always very good.<br />
<br />
创造良好的投资环境，使投资方有利可图，才能进一步吸引外资，这一直是袁庚的一个指导思想。 <br />
<br />
Creating a good investment environment made investors profitable, and then further attracted foreign investment, which had been a guiding ideology of Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上，袁庚宣布装卸费减半，博得一阵热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解，后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光，这措施对吸引外资起了很好的作用。 <br />
<br />
In 1982, at the opening ceremony of the Shekou Branch of Nanyang Commercial Bank, Yuan Geng announced that the handling fee had been halved, which won a burst of warm applause. At that time, some comrades did not understand, and later the facts proved Yuan Geng's strategic vision. This measure played a good role in attracting foreign investment.<br />
<br />
在日本三洋（蛇口）公司的开业典礼上，袁庚风趣地对来宾说： <br />
<br />
At the opening ceremony of Japan Sanyo (Shekou) Company, Yuan Geng said humorously to the guests:<br />
<br />
“先生们，我们希望你们赚钱，你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, we hope you can make money, and we win when you make money."<br />
<br />
这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说： <br />
<br />
This certainly didn't mean in any way that we didn't want to make money. Yuan Geng also said to the bosses of Western oil companies:<br />
<br />
“先生们，我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来，那就看我的本事了。” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, I'm going to take money out of your pockets. And whether I can get the money depends on my ability."<br />
<br />
对这些坦率的语言，老板们总是报以掌声。 <br />
<br />
The bosses always applauded such frank words.<br />
<br />
但是，如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益，那就错了。 <br />
<br />
However, it would be wrong to think that Yuan Geng disregarded the principles of socialism and the interests of workers.<br />
<br />
在根本问题上，袁庚是坚定不移的。 <br />
<br />
On the fundamental issue, Yuan Geng was steadfast.<br />
<br />
1983年5月，由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震动整个工业区的事件。 <br />
<br />
In May 1983, an incident that shook the entire industrial zone occurred at the Kaida Toy Factory, which was wholly owned and operated by Hong Kong Kaida Industries Limited.<br />
<br />
一个时期以来，这家工厂为了追求超额利润，强迫工人超时加班，有时干到凌晨4点甚至6点，一个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地，工人发病率急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为工业区人们议论的焦点。 <br />
<br />
For a period of time, in pursuit of super profits, this factory forced workers to work overtime, sometimes as late as 4 a.m. or even 6 a.m., with one worker doing the work of the two. Many workers fainted from exhaustion, and the morbidity rate of workers rose sharply. Those who refused to work overtime would be fired. The Kaida factory became the focus of discussion in the industrial zone.<br />
<br />
5月下旬，工业区召开首届团代会，凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季，接受了大量订单，正在拼命赶工。尽管团代会是晚上举行，并不占用正常的劳动时间，厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳萍平时劳动质量好，效率高，很少出差错，可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停工，罪名是”拒绝加班”。 <br />
<br />
In late May, the industrial zone held the first League Member Congress, and Zheng Yanping, a female worker in the Kaida factory was a representative of league members. However, at this time, the factory accepted a large number of orders to meet the key season for sales of International Children's Day, and was desperately trying to catch up with the work. Although the congress was held in the evening and didn't take up the normal working time, the factory still didn't allow Zheng Yanping to attend. Zheng Yanping usually had good labor quality and high efficiency, and rarely made mistakes, but because she attended the League Member Congress, the factory still unreasonably stopped her work with the charge of "refusing to work overtime".<br />
<br />
工人们愤怒了！蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下，岂能任资本家为所欲为！ <br />
<br />
The workers were angry! After all, Shekou was ruled by socialism. How could they let the capitalists do whatever they want!<br />
<br />
共青团管不了工厂的事，工会来管。 <br />
<br />
Matters beyond the Communist Youth League's control, could be controlled by trade union.<br />
<br />
凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的一个大厂，当时有1200多名工人，占工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候，管委会副主任熊秉权说：“凯达厂工会搞不起来，整个工业区等于没搞！”厂工会建立起来了，由工业区团委副书记端木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘，别看才23岁，已经做了三年团的专职干部，在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿舍，她就向工业区领导写过一个调查报告，当时招商局从全局考虑，没把这件事闹大，平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报工业区领导。 <br />
<br />
The Kaida factory was a large factory with early investment and a large number of workers in the industrial zone, which had more than 1200 workers, accounting for one-third of the total number of workers in the zone. When preparing for the establishment of trade union, Xiong Bingquan, the deputy director of the management committee, said: "If the Kaida factory trade union could not be organized, the entire industrial zone was not built too!" The factory trade union was established, and Duanmu Mo, the deputy secretary of the League Committee of the industrial zone, was also the chairman of the union. This girl with glasses from Lianyungang, Jiangsu, although only 23 years old, had been a full-time cadre of the league for three years, who was unequivocal on matters of principle. Last year, she wrote an investigation report to the leaders of the industrial zone about the illegal search of workers' dormitories in the Kaida factory. At that time, China Merchants Groups considered the big picture, and didn't escalate, resolving it peacefully. Now Duanmu Mo promptly reported the situation to the leaders of the industrial zone step by step.<br />
<br />
报告送到袁庚手里。 <br />
<br />
The report was sent to Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
袁庚没见过郑艳萍，但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道，近来更关心着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng had never met Zheng Yanping, but he had dealt with the female workers in the Kaida factory three years ago. Recently, he was more concerned about their recent situation. He had fatherly feelings for them.<br />
<br />
1981年，袁庚从香港过来，听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡，没有桌子写信，写信要在走廊里写，有些人想家流泪，马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心，安慰工人，答应三天内一定解决她们的困难，临走伸出小手指说： <br />
<br />
In 1981, Yuan Geng came from Hong Kong and heard that the female workers in the Kaida Factory had no hot water for bathing, no table for writing letters, who had written them in the corridor, and some of them were homesick with tears. So he immediately went to the dormitory with Liu Qinglin, the deputy director, and Yu Weiping, the office director, to visit the workers. He had a heart-to-heart talk with the workers, comforted them, promising to solve their problems within three days. Before leaving, he stretched out his little finger and said:<br />
<br />
“你们信不信我的话？要不要勾手指？” <br />
<br />
"Do you believe me or not? Do you want to have a pinkie promise?"<br />
<br />
姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲，脸上的愁云一扫而光，开朗地笑了：“我们相信！” <br />
<br />
The girls did not expect the commander-in-chief to be so amiable, and the sad clouds on their faces were swept away and they smiled broadly: "We believe you!"<br />
<br />
“我们相信！”这不是相信袁庚他个人，而是相信党，相信社会主义啊！如今厂方对待工人无理到这种地步，再让步就丧失原则了。 <br />
<br />
"We believe you!" This was not to believe in Yuan Geng personally, but to believe in the Party, to believe in socialism! Now the factory treated the workers unreasonably to such an extent, and it would be a loss of principle to give in again.<br />
<br />
他激动地在报告上批道： <br />
<br />
He excitedly criticized in the report:<br />
<br />
“加班应是自愿原则，要找资方严肃讲清楚，不准他们胡来。” <br />
<br />
"Overtime work should be voluntary. We should make it clear to the management seriously, and don’t allow them to mess about with it."<br />
<br />
替工人说话，帮郑艳萍复工，维护独资企业工人的合法权益，工会是责无旁贷的。 <br />
<br />
It was the duty of the trade union to speak for the workers, help Zheng Yanping to resume work, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the workers of the sole proprietorship.<br />
<br />
根据他的批示精神，端木默深入女工宿舍，反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加班，找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后，往往谈到一两点钟。有的工人怕老板报复，在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲，常在深夜去敲她的门。经过一个多月的艰苦劳动，终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委，赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强，工作认真负责，积极主动。 <br />
<br />
According to his instructions, Duanmu Mo went deep into the female workers' dormitory and repeatedly made a lot of investigations. As workers had to work overtime, she usually talked to workers after 12 o'clock at night, often talking to one or two o'clock. Some workers were afraid of retaliation from the boss, they didn't dare to talk in front of others in the dormitory, and often knocked on her door late at night. After more than a month of hard work, she finally mastered a large number of first-hand materials. The Shenzhen Federation of Trade Unions Working Group once wrote to the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone for it, praising Comrade Duanmu Mo for her high vigilance, strong organization, conscientious and responsible work, activeness and initiative.<br />
<br />
接着，在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切配合下，把工厂几年来违法的行为，包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍，侵犯人权，以及厂方无限制加班加点，给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来，整理成材料，向厂方提出：如不改正错误，就诉诸法律，寻求法律途径解决。 <br />
<br />
Then, under the specific guidance of the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone, the District Trade Union and the Shenzhen Federation of Trade Unions and with the close cooperation of all relevant departments, all the illegal acts of the factory over the past few years, including the illegal search of the workers' dormitories last year, human rights violations, and the unrestricted overtime required by the factory, which brought serious harm to the health of the workers, were collected and compiled into materials and proposed to the factory: If they didn't correct the mistakes, they would resort to the law, seeking legal solutions.<br />
<br />
厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下，厂主不得不答应给郑艳萍复工，补发停工期间的工资，工人加班自愿，每天加班时间控制在两小时以内。 <br />
<br />
The factory understands the consequences of resorting to the law. The law of value worked. With the efforts of many parties, the factory owner had to promise to allow Zheng Yanping back to work, compensating the wages during the suspension period. And the workers worked overtime voluntarily, with overtime hours limited to less than two hours a day.<br />
<br />
斗争胜利了。 <br />
<br />
The struggle was won.<br />
<br />
原来很普通的女工郑艳萍，在斗争中受到锻炼，成了凯达厂工会副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默，现在已由工业区组干处推荐，考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系，凯达厂工会工作的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了。 <br />
<br />
Zheng Yanping, a very ordinary female worker before, was trained in the struggle and became the vice president of the trade union of the Kaida factory and a women's commissioner of the trade union of the industrial zone. Duanmu Mo, who had majored in English in Lianyungang for two years, was now recommended by the Division of Organizing Cadres of the industrial zone and enrolled in the business management department of Shenzhen University's cadre training course, and the burden of trade union work in the Kaida factory fell on her shoulders.<br />
<br />
工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争，这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯达厂开工以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口“到底姓社还是姓资”的人，也可以从这里得出必要的结论。 <br />
<br />
All the sole proprietorships and joint ventures in the industrial zone had seen this struggle, and the victory of this struggle was our total comeback against a series of bad behaviors of the Kaida factory since it started work. Those who doubted whether Shekou was surnamed "Socialism or Capitalism" could draw the necessary conclusions from here.<br />
<br />
十四、玫瑰之城 <br />
<br />
XIV. The City of Roses<br />
<br />
“袁庚考虑方针大计，包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了10万元专款，还从北京请来了二刘。”工业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。（今年4月，比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任，他改任副主任，这就是能上能下。） <br />
<br />
"The major policies and measures Yuan Geng considered included planting roses to beautify Shekou. He took out a special loan of 100,000 yuan from the bank and invited Double Liu from Beijing." Comrade Yu Weiping, former office director of the industrial zone and now deputy director of the office, introduced to me. (In April this year, Gu Liji, who was younger than him, became the director of the office, and he became the deputy director. That was being able to take a lower as well as a higher post.)<br />
<br />
二刘，就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹一。 <br />
<br />
Double Liu, was Yuan Geng's old friends Liu Yamin and Liu Danyi.<br />
<br />
刘丹一，江苏海门人，祖先以种花和养盆景出名，有“田状元”之称，他自己也从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后，没有了种花的闲情逸致，“十年动乱”中靠边站，这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历史较短，才三年，但由于潜心研究，也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北京月季花协会的理事，各自种着几百棵月季。 <br />
<br />
Liu Dan Yi, from Haimen, Jiangsu Province, whose ancestor was famous for flower planting and Bonsai cultivation and was known as the "Number One Scholar in Farmland", also loved flower planting since he was a child. After he joined the New Fourth Army in 1940, he did not have time and mood to grow flowers. When he stood aside during the "Ten Years of Turmoil", he picked up the hobby again. The flowers he planted were quite famous in Beijing. Liu Yamin had a shorter history of planting flowers, only three years, but due to his dedicated research, he was also an expert in planting flowers. Both of them were directors of the Beijing China Roses Association, and each of them planted hundreds of China roses.<br />
<br />
67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部，工资不低，又都有美满的家庭，本应在首都安享天伦之乐，但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到蛇口来了。 <br />
<br />
67-year-old Liu Yamin and 64-year-old Liu Danyi were both retired. They were quite responsible cadres. Their wages were not low, and they had happy families, so they should have enjoyed their happy lives in the capital, but Yuan Geng "instigated" them to Shekou.<br />
<br />
“不是袁庚请，我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。 <br />
<br />
"If Yuan Geng hadn't invited us, we wouldn't have come." said Liu Yamin, a tall and strong old man.<br />
<br />
刘丹一还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人，北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉，袁庚亲自写信把他聘请了来，充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人，作家沈从文的表侄，画家黄永玉的表弟，他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北京父母身边，因为语言不通，9岁オ开始上小学。读了9年书，初中毕业那年碰上“文化大革命”，进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”，把工厂的花盆全砸了，院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了，这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可怜那些花木和小树，晚上，他偷偷地把一棵小枣树带回家，栽在院子里，同时开始种起花来。他没有更高的境界，只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西；故乡的山花多美呀，为什么在北京就不能种呢？从此他和花结下了不解之缘。 <br />
<br />
Liu Danyi also recommended a young man, Long Quan, 36 years old, a director of the Beijing China Roses Association, to Yuan Geng. Yuan personally wrote a letter to hire him to serve as Double Liu's assistant. Long Quan was a native of the Tujia ethnic group in western Hunan, a cousin of the writer Shen Congwen and a cousin of the painter Huang Yongyu, whose father was a professor at the Central Academy of National Minorities. He grew up in his hometown until he was 7 years old and then came to live with his parents in Beijing. Because of the language difficulties, he didn't go to elementary school until he was 9 years old. After studying for 9 years, he encountered the "Cultural Revolution" when he graduated from middle school and became an apprentice in a Beijing Automobile Factory. The Red Guards entered the factory to Attack on the Four Olds, smashing all the plant pots and uprooting the jujube trees as thick as the thumb in the yard, which the simple Tujia man could not understand in any way. He took pity on the flowers and small trees. At night, he secretly took a small jujube tree home and planted it in the courtyard. At the same time, he began to plant flowers. He didn't have a higher realm, but just instinctively felt that he should love and protect beautiful things; how beautiful the flowers on the hills in his hometown were, and why couldn't he plant flowers in Beijing? From then on, he had an inseparable relationship with flowers.<br />
<br />
他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部，却把全部业余时间花在种花上，到了入迷的程度。经过十几年风雨，院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了；他种的400多株玫瑰，年年换代，驰名京华。别看他没上过大学，北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究生，也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展，展出400多个品种，3000多盆，其中就有他送展的20盆花，每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前来参观，他陪同介绍，园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻轻，貌不惊人，而且颇为土气，就故意考他，指着一株名花问他那是什么品种，他不假思索地答道： <br />
<br />
He later became a cadre of the Nationality Printing Press Factory, but he spent all his spare time on planting flowers to the extent of obsession. After more than a decade of wind and rain, the jujube tree in the courtyard had grown up and fruited; he planted more than 400 roses, blooming every year, which was famous in Beijing. Although he hadn't been to college, but the graduate students of Professor Chen Junyu, the director of Department of the Horticulture in Beijing Forestry College, also asked him to give lectures. In May 1983, Beijing held the third Moonflower Exhibition, displaying more than 400 varieties and 3,000 pots, including 20 pots of flowers he sent to the exhibition with one variety per pot. Marianne, an expert from the Federal France, came to visit and he accompanied her to introduce, with a chief engineer from the Bureau of Parks acting as a translator. Seeing that he was young, homely, and a little bit rustic, the expert deliberately tested him, pointing to a famous flower and asking him what variety it was. He replied without thinking:<br />
<br />
“这是贵国的‘明星’、世界十大名种的第三名，在20世纪70年代是最好的。” <br />
<br />
"This is the 'star' of your country, the third in the world's top ten species, which was the best in the 1970s."<br />
<br />
联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实，龙泉不但能识别数百个品种，而且知道许多品种的来历和传说，谈起来如数家珍。 <br />
<br />
The expert from Federal Germany was greatly surprised. In fact, Long Quan could not only identify hundreds of varieties, but also knew the origin and legends of many of them, and he was very familiar with them when talking about them.<br />
<br />
5月6日，他带着600株花苗，乘飞机到达广州，当天工业区的汽车便把他接到蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话，问他是否适应这里的生活，他说：“要做开拓者，决不当逃兵！”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上，5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京，一个月后，再次带了4000多株苗回来。 <br />
<br />
On May 6, he arrived in Guangzhou by plane with 600 seedlings, and a car from the industrial zone took him to Shekou that day. On the 8th, Yuan Geng talked with him and asked him whether he adapted to life here, and he said, "I want to be a pioneer, and will never be a deserter!" The survival rate of the seedlings he brought was over 90%. On May 17, Yuan Geng asked him to follow Liu Danyi back to Beijing, and a month later, he brought back more than 4,000 seedlings again.<br />
<br />
如今老少三人住着工业区的一套三房一厅，客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电视机，煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准，他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他们自得其乐。每天上午，两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃，顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、施肥；龙泉则早出晚归，整天待在苗圃和工人一起干。 <br />
<br />
Now the three young and old men lived in an apartment with three rooms and one living room in the industrial zone. There were only a few rattan chairs and a black-and-white TV in the living room, and they cooked and washed clothes by themselves. According to the standard of Shekou, their life was humble. But they enjoyed it. Every morning, the two old men walked 20 minutes to the nursery, under the burning sun to guide workers to graft and fertilize; Long Quan went out early in the morning and went back home late at night, staying in the nursery and working all day with workers.<br />
<br />
我对种花是外行，听他们谈花经，得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来的。”刘亚民老人对我说，“任何花果，不嫁接就退化。比如桃树，再好的桃子，把核种下去长出来就是毛桃，不能吃，只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉，就更复杂了。” <br />
<br />
I was a layman in planting flowers, and l benefited a lot when I listened to them talk about their experience of planting flowers. "Good varieties were created by grafting and hybridization." Liu Yamin said to me, "Any flowers and fruits will degenerate without grafting. For example, no matter how good a peach is, it will bear wild peaches when its kernel was planted, which can't eat. The tree can only be used as the rootstock for grafting. Hybridization needs to be hand-pollinated, which is even more complicated."<br />
<br />
我心里却想，蛇口的改革，不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗？多年来我们闭关自守，总以为自己的体制最纯，好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上，结果怎么样呢？大家都知道了。杂交出新，这恐怕是一条普遍规律，包括写文章在内，不能老是墨守成规。 <br />
<br />
But I thought to myself that wasn't the reform of Shekou also a sense of grafting and hybridization? For many years we closed the door on ourselves, always thinking that our own system was the purest, as if Marx only sat on our bed, and what was the result? We all knew. New products were created by hybridization, which was even a universal law, including writing articles that could not always stick to established practice.<br />
<br />
龙泉年轻，想得更多一些。他说，中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载，外国原来只有一般的玫瑰，没有四季开花的月季，月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后约瑟芬的玫瑰园里，就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后，随着国家的衰弱，月季的种植也凋零了，现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会，我们中国还没有，只是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流，我们拿不出什么优良品种。外国人感兴趣的古老品种，像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等，已经很难寻了。 <br />
<br />
Long Quan was young and thought a little more. He said that there were records of moonflowers in China since the Jin Dynasty. There were only ordinary roses in foreign countries, but no China roses blooming all year round. The China rose came from China. In the rose garden of Josephine, the queen of Napoleon, there were China roses introduced from China. After the Opium War, with the weakening of the country, the planting of China roses also faded. Now there were China rose associations in the United States, Japan, Germany, France and other countries, but China didn't have one yet. Only Beijing, Shanghai and other cities just established it. People wanted to exchange with us, but we couldn't take out any good varieties. The old varieties that foreigners were interested in, like green rose, Ardisia faberi, Paul Neyron, Old Blush, etc., were already hard to find.<br />
<br />
“现在世界上最好的品种是什么？”我问。 <br />
<br />
"What is the best variety in the world now?" I asked.<br />
<br />
“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中，一个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。” <br />
<br />
"Yellow Peace is the best. It was cut and sent to the United States by a French in World War II."<br />
<br />
“你有什么打算？” <br />
<br />
"What are your plans?"<br />
<br />
“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说，月季不适应太热的气候，24摄氏度以上就开不好，现在是7月，你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究，使蛇口不但成为玫瑰之城，而且四季都能开好。” <br />
<br />
"I want to let China rose take root in Shekou. Generally speaking, China roses don't adapt to hot climate, and don't bloom well above 24 degrees Celsius. Now it is July, you see, the flowers are very small. I want to do some research to make Shekou not only a city of roses, but they can bloom well in all seasons."<br />
<br />
“你在这里干两年，你爱人没有意见吗？” <br />
<br />
"Doesn't your wife have complains with you working here for two years?"<br />
<br />
“当然有意见。我结婚晚，孩子オ3岁，我来的时候，她和孩子送到飞机场，临上飞机，孩子喊爸爸，我差点掉下眼泪，头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇ロ，个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下，他又说，”有人说我是为了四大件，为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了，住的也宽敞。这里每月给我200元，可是空军后勤部请我去种花，每月给250，还有小车坐，我也没去。来这里一个多月了，什么‘海上世界’、购物中心，我不知道在哪儿，我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。” <br />
<br />
"Of course she has complains. I married late, and the child was only 3 years old. When I was going to come here, she and the child sent me to the airport. Before boarding the plane, when the child shouted father, I almost fell into tears, and I did not dare to look back. But I did not regret it. It was worth making some personal sacrifices to beautify Sheko. The two old comrades were my role models." After a pause, he added, "Some people said I came to Shekou for four major possessions, for high wages. In fact, I have all the major possessions at home, and I live in a spacious house. I was given 200 yuan a month, but the Air Force Logistics Department invited me to plant flowers, 250 yuan per month, and I could sit in a small car. I didn't go. I have been here for more than a month. I don't know where the 'Sea World', and shopping centers are. I only know the road from the dormitory to the nursery."<br />
<br />
在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里，听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心声，我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草，在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同志，你真行，你把这三位种花人请到蛇口，他们不仅能种玫瑰，而且正在种鲜艳的精神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰，我们一定也会有的。 <br />
<br />
In the simple bamboo scaffold of the rose nursery, I heard this dark-faced and thin Tujia man pour out his heart, and was deeply moved. There are plenty of fish in the sea and there were beautiful hearts everywhere in Shekou. Comrade Yuan Geng, you were really good. You invited these three flower growers to Shekou, who could not only grow roses, but were growing bright spiritual flowers. We must have the blooming roses you saw in England in the future.<br />
<br />
十五、激动的工程师 <br />
<br />
XV. The Excited Engineer<br />
<br />
7月10日，《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息，标题是《蛇口观念》。在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下，有一段话说： <br />
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On July 10, the ''Yangcheng Evening News'' published a news from Xinhua News Agency on the front page with the headline "Shekou Concept". Under the subheading of "Cadres must create a new situation", there was a paragraph saying:<br />
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蛇口有一个“海上世界”，它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸边，作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个“海上世界”的前任经理作风正派，工作辛苦，不久前却被解聘了。原因是他在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。 <br />
<br />
Shekou has a "Sea World", which fixed a large decommissioned tourist ship on the shore of Shenzhen Bay as a hotel and entertainment venue. It is said that this unique hotel is also rare in the world. The former manager of this "Sea World" is decent and hard-working, but was dismissed not long ago. The reason was that he did not make a groundbreaking contribution to "Sea World".<br />
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“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献！”“海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程师十分激动地对我说。 <br />
<br />
"I disagree that I did not make a groundbreaking contribution!" "Engineer Wang Chaoliang, the former general manager of "Sea World", said to me with great excitement.<br />
<br />
的确，我听到的议论，大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业，为“海上世界”尽早开业做出了贡献；说他只干了155天，已经开始赢利，把他换下来是没有理由的；说华轮大部分职工怀念他，如果举行投票，他肯定会占压倒优势…… <br />
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Indeed, most of the comments I heard were sympathetic to Wang Chaoliang. They said that he worked hard to start the business and made contributions to the opening of "Sea World" as soon as possible; that he worked for only 155 days and already started making profits, so there was no reason to replace him; that most of the employees of Guanghua Ship missed him, and if there was a vote, he would definitely have an overwhelming advantage...<br />
<br />
“对袁董我是很敬佩的，蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题上，我不理解他为什么这样做！我一直是按照他的指示工作的，如果说我有缺点，那么谁没有缺点？” <br />
<br />
"I have great respect for Chairman Yuan, and the reform and achievements of Shekou are inseparable from him. But on the issue of the Minghua ship, I don't understand why he did it! I have always worked according to his instructions, and if I have shortcomings, and then who doesn’t have?"<br />
<br />
46岁的王潮梁，个儿不高，精力充沛，说话直言不讳，丝毫不掩饰他的激动情绪。我觉得能够理解他，而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了17年飞机设计，5年飞翔船设计，壮志未酬，抱着极大的希望来到蛇口，本想趁壮年干一番事业，不料明华轮的事业刚刚开始，却被换了下来，他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang, 46 years old, not tall, was energetic and outspoken, who didn't hide his excitement. I felt I could understand him and wanted to build a friendship with him. He had been engaged in aircraft design for 17 years and hydrofoil design for 5 years, and his ambition was not fulfilled. He came to Shekou with great hope, hoping to achieve something in his prime, but unexpectedly he was replaced just as his career in Minghua ship had started. His painful feeling was conceivable.<br />
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他平静下来，和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。 <br />
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He calmed down and talked to me about the situation before and after the opening of Minghua ship.<br />
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王潮梁是1983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经理的。11月22日，明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平，道路未修好，上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上，工作量都很大。12月1日晚上，董事会决定1984年1月15日试开张，2月1日正式开张。 <br />
<br />
On November 19, 1983, Wang Chaoliang was appointed as the general manager by the board of directors of Sea World Corporation Limited. On November 22, the Minghua ship was towed to its present location. At that time, the beach had not been filled in and the road had not been built, so it was necessary to take a small boat to board the ship. The workload on the ship and on the shore was huge. On the evening of December 1, the board of directors decided to have a soft opening on January 15, 1984, and officially open it on February 1.<br />
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袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会，每次打长途电话来必问明华轮。12月初，他从北京回来了，看到开张准备工作不太理想，十分焦急。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was extremely concerned about the opening of Minghua ship. He was in Beijing for a meeting, and every time he made a long-distance call, he asked about Minghua ship. In early December, he came back from Beijing and was very anxious after seeing that the preparations for the opening were not good enough.<br />
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管委会组干处的袁复兴，每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上，他跑到明华轮附近时，大约6点钟光景，四下无人，只见袁庚独自站在海滩边，竖起呢子大衣的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风，默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织干部，知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚，继续沿着海边跑去。 <br />
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Yuan Fuxing of the Management Committee's Division of Organizing Cadres started to run at 5 o'clock every morning. On the morning of the 7th, when he ran to the vicinity of the Minghua Ship, at about 6 o'clock, there was no one around, only to see Yuan Geng standing alone by the beach, who turned up the collar of his wool coat to break the icy wind, and silently looked at the Minghua ship. The organization cadre, who understood Yuan Geng's character well, knew that Yuan Dong was dissatisfied with the progress of the work. He didn't disturb Yuan Geng and continued to run along the seashore.<br />
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当天傍晚，袁庚又来到明华轮附近，正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗立和秘书俞奇。 <br />
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In the evening of that day, Yuan Geng came to the vicinity of the Minghua Ship again, meeting General Manager Wang Chaoliang, Vice General Manager Hu Zongli and his secretary Yu Qi.<br />
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“你们准备几时开张？”袁庚单刀直入，问王潮梁。 <br />
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"When are you going to open?" Yuan Geng asked Wang Chaoliang in a straightforward manner.<br />
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“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。 <br />
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"We are going to open on February 1." Wang Chaoliang replied.<br />
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“我和你没有共同语言！”袁庚不留情面地说。 <br />
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"I have no common language with you!" Yuan Geng said bluntly.<br />
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“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。 <br />
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"He's just been in office for more than half a month..." The secretary Yu Qi said carefully.<br />
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“我不管！他是总经理我就找他！”袁庚一甩手，愤然转身走去，几个人紧紧跟在后边。走到海景餐厅门口，袁庚站定，继续说： <br />
<br />
"I don't care! Because he is the general manager, I must talk to him!" Yuan Geng flung his hand, turned around and walked away indignantly, with several people following closely behind. Walking to the door of the sea-view restaurant, Yuan Geng stood still and continued to say:<br />
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“干工作，就要呕心沥血，全力以赴，不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急，你们不急吗？” <br />
<br />
"We have to spare no pains and make all-out effort to work, and can't drag our feet. As an old man, I am very anxious. Aren't you guys not anxious?"<br />
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“袁董，我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。 <br />
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"Chairman Yuan, that was exactly what I did." Wang Chaoliang said this in a way neither servile nor overbearing.<br />
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“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了，同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张，可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号，再过8天，12月15号，必须部分开张。” <br />
<br />
"I know you work hard. But it's too late to open in February, comrade! You can't just open it after everything is done. You can open it partially. Today is December 7, and eight days later, on December 15, it must be partially opened."<br />
<br />
“我们一定做到！”王潮梁立即表态，同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿），双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去，态度已经缓和了，对着女秘书俞奇说：”小俞，吃得消吗？你父亲有没有这样骂过你？” <br />
<br />
"We will do it!" Wang Chaoliang immediately commit himself, took out the "Business plan of Sea World Corporation Limited" (discussion draft) drafted by the deputy general manager Hu Zongli, and presented it to Yuan Geng with both hands. When Yuan Geng took it, he softened, saying to the female secretary Yu Qi, "Yu, can you bear it? Has your father ever scolded you like this?"<br />
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父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
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Yu Qi, whose father was the director of a provincial cultural bureau, had seen leading cadres with all kinds of temperaments and was not nervous: <br />
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“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
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"There is nothing I can't bear. But my father was not too fierce."<br />
<br />
当天晚上，袁庚几乎彻夜不眠，仔细审阅了《经营方案》，就在方案上面大笔挥洒，写了一个长长的批语： <br />
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That night, Yuan Geng almost stayed up all night, carefully reviewing the "business plan" and writing a long remark on it with a stroke of the pen:<br />
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“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全，什么都搞好了再开张，因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为，不要等什么条件都具备才开始营业，早点开业可以逐步改善，逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的才开业，恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的，把企业成败当成个人成败，呕心沥血，全力以赴，搞好经营作风，服务一流，哪怕一时赚不了钱，也是可以允许的，谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的，蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样一个‘海上世界’，这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异彩。对经理人员我是信任的，应给予他们更大自主权，以便于发挥他们的群策群カ的创新和负责精神，让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧，要支持，不要一遇挫折就泼冷水。 <br />
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"This report and analysis are basically scientific. But the Management Department always want to make everything perfect, and open it when everything is done, so they postponed the opening until next February (Spring Festival). I personally think that we should not wait for all conditions to open. If opening early, they can gradually improve it and practice. ... If they think that everything has to be done properly before opening, I am afraid that it will never be perfect and they have to prepare for a loss for six months. People should have a little spirit. Even if they can't earn money for a period, it can be acceptable to take the success or failure of the enterprise as personal success or failure, spare no pains, make all-out effort, do a good job in management style, and provide a first-class service. No one is sure that he must make money. But there is one thing I always believe, Shekou Industrial Zone needs such a 'sea world' like Minghua ship, which can add a different color to Shekou for the whole country. I trust the managers, and they should be given greater autonomy in order to make use of innovations from their collective wisdom and efforts and responsible spirits. Let these young people make their own way. We have to support them, not pour cold water when they meet setbacks.<br />
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“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够，则应加以鼓励、批评。 <br />
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"But sometimes they are helpless in the face of difficulties or lack the determination and courage to overcome difficulties, and they should be encouraged and criticized.<br />
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“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了，一直抓得不紧，没有一种紧迫感，现场冷冷清清，船上、地上工程进度慢，互相埋怨，人事部门在调人方面不够有力，董事会有时处于无人拍板的状态...... <br />
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"It has been half a month since the Minghua ship sat on the beach, they have not held on tightly without a sense of urgency. The site is deserted, and the progress of works on the ship and ground is slow. They complain to each other. The personnel department is not strong enough in transferring people. The board of directors sometimes doesn't have one man who can finally decide...<br />
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“明华轮工程和全面工作，我感到很难过，和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪，可能他们年轻人受不了，但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作，争取早日部分开业……” <br />
<br />
"I feel very sad about the project and the comprehensive work of Minghua Ship, so I was excited when I talked to people in Management Department. As the young people, perhaps they could not stand it, but they all said afterward that they must catch up on preparations on the ship and strive for partial opening as soon as possible..."<br />
<br />
第二天上午，招商局远洋公司总经理江波，根据袁庚批语，组织有关部门开联席会议，落实了12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的一星期。 <br />
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The next morning, the general manager of China Merchants Group Ocean Shipping Company, Jiang Bo, according to Yuan Geng's remark, organized a joint meeting of the relevant departments, confirming the specific measures for the opening on December 15. Then came a week of intense work around the clock.<br />
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12月15日，明华轮准备好了50间客房，袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备情况，表示满意。12月16日，第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日，公司董事长王今贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。 <br />
<br />
On December 15, 50 rooms were ready for Minghua Ship. Yuan Geng, Jiang Bo and Wang Jingui went on board to check the preparations for the opening and expressed their satisfaction. On December 16, the first guests boarded the ship for accommodation. On December 23, Wang Jingui, the chairman of the company, hosted a banquet for foreign guests and Hong Kong businessmen in the industrial zone in the ballroom of Minghua Ship.<br />
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1984年1月26日，邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮，在船上用午餐和休息，听取了袁庚的汇报，邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬四海。 <br />
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On January 26, 1984, Deng Xiaoping and other leading comrades of the Central Committee boarded Minghua Ship, having lunch and resting on board, and listening to Yuan Geng's report. Deng Xiaoping happily wrote an inscription of "Sea World". Then Minghua Ship became famous all over the world.<br />
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王潮梁承认，如果不是袁庚抓得紧，明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来，但他的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托，他总是觉得委屈。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang admitted that if Yuan Geng had not held on tightly, Minghua Ship could not receive Deng Xiaoping and other comrades on January 26. He greatly admired Yuan Geng's strategic vision. Yuan Geng certainly didn't know in advance that Comrade Deng Xiaoping would come, but his sense of urgency was entirely correct. Wang Chaoliang, however, thought he had never failed Yuan Geng's commission, so he always felt wronged.<br />
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“你现在筹备第二民航的工作，不是比明华轮更重要吗？可见袁庚还是信任你的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的，王潮梁作为招商局的代表参加筹备工作。 <br />
<br />
"You are preparing for the Second Civil Aviation. Isn't it more important than Minghua ship? It shows that Yuan Geng trusts you." The Second Civil Aviation was initiated by the China Merchants Hong Kong and Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces and Wang Chaoliang participated in the preparations as a representative of the Merchants Group.<br />
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“当然，第二民航如果搞起来，比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我下来时并没说调我干这个，如果这样说我一点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7日オ交给我的。” <br />
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"Of course, if the Second Civil Aviation is started, it will be many times more important than Minghua Ship. But I was not asked to do this when I was told to come down on April 11. If so, I have no opinion at all. This task was given to me on May 7."<br />
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“说不说都一样，反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的？” <br />
<br />
"It's the same whether he said it or not. Anyway, he told you to do it. What did Yuan Geng say to you at that time?"<br />
<br />
“他说：’你的工作调整以后，我们一直在考虑新的工作，现在叫你去筹备第二民航，如果你愿意干，就先出去跑一趟。’” <br />
<br />
"He said, 'After your job was adjusted, we have been considering a new job for you. Now you are called to prepare the Second Civil Aviation. If you are willing to do it, you can go.'"<br />
<br />
“他用了’调整’这个词，可见不是’解聘’，更不是’撤职’。你要想开点，高姿态，不要老是计较。” <br />
<br />
"He used the word ‘adjust', not ‘dismiss', and not ‘remove'. You should take it easy, have a lofty stance, and don't care too much about it."<br />
<br />
“第二民航现在以民航局为主，恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部培训班学员，抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。” <br />
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"The Second Civil Aviation now focuses on the Civil Aviation Administration. I'm afraid it is not impossible. Recently students of the third training course for business management cadres will be recruited, which draws me to take a key admission team to the northwest and southwest."<br />
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“这更说明对你的信任，高兴地去吧，别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。 <br />
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"This further shows that he trusts you. Go happily. Don't think so much." I advised him like his old friend.<br />
<br />
王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵，我开始怀疑，是不是袁庚用错人了？袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人，用错个把人也不奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang set out. But my ears were filled with criticism on Zheng Yi, the new general manager of Minghua Ship, and I began to wonder if Yuan Geng used the wrong person? Yuan Geng was also a vivid and substantial person, so it was not strange to use the wrong person. But the Minghua Ship mattered greatly... I decided to board on Minghua ship to visit the 24-year-old general manager.<br />
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十六、年轻的总经理 <br />
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ⅩⅥ. The Young General Manager<br />
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一天下午，我走上明华轮最高一层，敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外两间，外间是秘书俞奇的办公室，里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕，他穿一件花格子上衣，戴着近视眼镜，面孔白皙，还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的记者证，他对俞奇说： <br />
<br />
One afternoon, I walked up to the top floor of Minghua Ship and knocked on the door of the general manager's office. This office was divided into two rooms, the outer room and the inner room. The outer one was the office of Secretary Yu Qi, and the inner one was the office of the general manager and deputy general manager. The person who opened the door was exactly Zheng Yi. He wore a plaid jacket, a pair of spectacles with a fair face, and hadn't taken off the look of a university student. After looking at my press card, he said to Yu Qi:<br />
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“我有些事要处理，你先接待一下。” <br />
<br />
"I have some things to deal with. You receive him first."<br />
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说罢走进里间，把门关上了。 <br />
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Then he walked into the inner room and closed the door.<br />
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“好大的架子！”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈，在低头赶写着什么。我只好坐在沙发上等待。<br />
<br />
"How arrogant he was!" I thought to myself. Yu Qi didn't talk to me immediately, and she was writing something with his head down. I had to sit on the sofa and wait.<br />
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约莫过了半小时，俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同志，显得老成持重，也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务，希望从他们这个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。 <br />
<br />
About half an hour before Yu Qi politely talked to me. This was a 30-year-old woman, looking experienced and prudent, who was also a graduate from Tsinghua University. I explained the task of writing Yuan Geng, hoping to understand the problem of Yuan Geng's choice on personnel from their point of view.<br />
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她是非常敏感的，马上对我说： <br />
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She was very sensitive and immediately said to me,<br />
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“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错，也认为他是个很好的同志，他热情、正派，工作积极，群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重，优柔寡断，缺乏魄カ，管理跟不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断，换上郑奕，这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年轻，却很有魄カ，有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了工资制度，取消了基本工资，完全实行职务工资，扩大了差别，更能调动干部和工人的积极性。有人对这个改革有不同看法，但袁董是支持的，他说为什么不可以试一试呢。” <br />
<br />
"I personally have a good relationship with the former general manager Wang Chaoliang, and also think he is a very good comrade. He is enthusiastic, decent, active in work, and has good relations with the masses. But his artistic temperament is too heavy. He is indecisive, lack of courage, and his management can not keep up with the development of the situation. Chairman Yuan made a quick decision to replace him with Zheng Yi, which was right. Though this general manager is young, he is very bold, with a quality of managing talents. His proud work after taking office was the reform of the wage system, which abolished the basic salary and completely implemented the post wage, expanding the difference and better mobilizing the enthusiasm of cadres and workers. Some people had different views on this reform, but Chairman Yuan supported it and said why not have a try."<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来，只听俞奇说： <br />
<br />
At this time Zheng Yi made a phone call from the inner room, only to hear Yu Qi say,<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的，你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释，“郑奕认为明华轮的经验不成熟，不接待记者采访，你要写袁董，等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来。 <br />
<br />
"He is here to write about Yuan Dong. You can talk with him." Then he explained to me, "Zheng Yi thinks that the experience of Minghua Ship is not mature, so he does not accept journalists to interview. But you want to write about Yuan Dong, he will talk with you later." Then we talked about Yuan Geng again.<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题，比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮，并且急于开张呢？他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂，规模都不大，没有太大的发展，如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地，发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点，必须能留住石油公司的人员，而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南海酒家建成之前，明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮，开业了，管理上不去他也着急。” <br />
<br />
"When Chairman Yuan considers problems, he stands higher than us. Why did he insist on buying Minghua Ship, and was eager to open it? He considered it from the perspective of the south sea's oil. The existing factories in the industrial zone are not large in scale and do not have much development. If we can strive to become the logistical base of the south sea's oil, it will have a promising future. To do this, we have to be able to retain the personnel of the oil company, and a few hotels and restaurants before were far from enough. Before the South Sea Restaurant is built, Minghua Ship can play a great role. So Chairman Yuan attaches great importance to the Minghua Ship. After its opening, he is also anxious when the management is not good."<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象，是坦率，不是傲慢。 <br />
<br />
Zheng Yi finally opened the door and invited me in. At this time the impression he gave me was frank, not arrogant.<br />
<br />
“这是一个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说，“但是我不是一个合格的经理，我随时准备下台。我干不好会下台，干好了，也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现在人们能够容忍我，但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。” <br />
<br />
"It's an attractive position." He said with a smile, "But I'm not a qualified manager, and I'm ready to step down at any time. I will step down if I don't do a good job, and if I do a good job, I will also step down by the necessity of some kind of struggle. Maybe people can tolerate me now, but I don't know how far they will tolerate me."<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
I began to have a good impression of him. After all, he was only 24 years old, the same age as my oldest son, so it was not surprising that he had some shortcomings.<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下，但由于我们的体制关系，根本做不到。现在我们就是要真正做到这一点，这就是改革。上和下，有时可能处理得不够恰当，下去的也必然会有痛苦，但是这种改革的方向是对的，必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个从香港请来的房务部总经理，他每月工资6000元港币，工作上没犯任何错误，但是我把他辞退了，唯一的原因是他不会笑！他整天板着面孔，阴阳怪气的，干别的可能无关紧要，在总台这个位子就不行，客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他，他没有任何意见，说走就走，通过他的朋友问他，也说没意见。在他看来，这很简单，我不能使总经理满意，我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志，可不得了，会同你纠缠不清。隔一个罗湖桥，观念就有这么大的差别。” <br />
<br />
"We used to say that cadres are able to take a lower as well as a higher post, but because of our system, we simply couldn't do it. Now we are going to really do that, and that is the reform. Lower and higher, sometimes it may not be handled properly, and those who go down will inevitably be painful. But this reform is in the right direction and must be adhered to. I recently sacked a general manager of the housing department who was hired from Hong Kong. He was paid HK$6,000 a month and didn't make any mistakes in his work. But I sacked him for the sole reason that he couldn't smile! He kept a straight face all day long and looked unfriendly. It probably doesn't matter in other positions, except at the front desk, because the guests will think you're being rude to him. I dismissed him, and he did not have any problem, leaving without delay. When I asked him through his friends, he also had no problem. In his opinion, it was very simple. If he could not make the general manager satisfied, he should go. This was how people in Hong Kong think. If it was our comrade, he would have many opinions. Just a Luohu Bridge away, there is such a big difference in ideas."<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感，简直有点欣赏了。 <br />
<br />
I not only had a good impression of him, but simply a little appreciation.<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理，希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国，既严格又有人情味的管理制度，搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败，失败了会得到教训，这也是一笔财富。当然，我有许多缺点，正如袁庚也有缺点，这可能是造成失败的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败，失败了影响可太大了。” <br />
<br />
"I want to exercise strict management, hoping to establish a set of management systems, which is different from Japan and the United States, and is strict and impersonal. I want to rule them by law instead of man. I am experimenting. The experiment may fail, and we will learn from the failure, which is also a fortune. Of course, I have many shortcomings, just as Yuan Geng also has shortcomings, which may be the cause of the failure. Yuan Geng's shortcomings could have been disastrous for Shekou. We do our best to avoid failure, which would have a great impact."<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏，简直有点佩服了。 <br />
<br />
I didn't just appreciate him, and I simply admired him a bit.<br />
<br />
“对一些事情，我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华苑酒家，是袁庚的主意，我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我，不要害怕资本家赚钱，这当然是对的，但是港商的重点在华苑酒家，我们这里只能是陪衬，华苑吃肉这里啃骨头，是不可能搞好的。” <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng and I also have different views on some things. For example, it was Yuan Geng's idea to contract our Chinese restaurant to Huayuan Restaurant invested by Hong Kong businessmen, and I still have a different view. He called me to tell me not to be afraid of capitalists making money, which is of course right, but the focus of Hong Kong businessmen is Huayuan Restaurant, we can only serve as a foil. It is impossible to do well that Huayuan eats meat while people gnaw bones here."<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人，对这种不同意见不一定会接受，却不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。 <br />
<br />
He was really sharp-minded. Yuan Geng didn't like yesmen. He would not necessarily accept this different opinion, but would not care about it. Zheng Yi was lucky.<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了，我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一个特色，一个服务，抓好这两条，我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地，在上海、广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。” <br />
<br />
"Some people say that once the South Sea Restaurant opens, Minghua Ship will be done for. I do not think so. It can not replace the Minghua Ship. One is characteristic, and the other is service. If we do well in these two, we will have a great future. I also want to take it to the mainland, setting up it in Shanghai, Guangzhou and other cities. Tourism can not be limited to one place."<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说：是一个经理人才！ <br />
<br />
I said to myself: he was an inborn manager!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候，我说找一天去他家里拜访，他表示欢迎。 <br />
<br />
When I left, I said I would visit him at home one day, and he welcomed me.<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法，便访问了工业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。 <br />
<br />
I also wanted to know what the Organization Department thought of him, so I visited Yu Dehai, a member of the Party Committee of the industrial zone, deputy secretary of the Disciplinary Inspection Committee and director of the Division of Organizing Cadres, and Yuan Fuxing, who was in charge of cadre allocation.<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性，我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海，原是个工程师，担任工业区最早开工的中宏制氧厂厂长数年，治厂有方，以致香港资本家撤回了全部港方人员，把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委，管干部。我至今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好，大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法，他认为两人各有所长，郑奕更有魄カ，王潮梁群众关系好，在管理比较混乱的情况下，换上郑奕是对的，组干处是同意的，党委会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀，对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个工人，虞德海颇不以为然：“我对郑奕说，我在制氧厂几年，没开除一个工人，工厂照样管得很好。” <br />
<br />
I had no doubt about the party spirit of these two comrades. The 39-year-old Yu Dehai, a former engineer, had been the director of the Zhonghong Oxygen Factory, the first factory constructed in the industrial zone, for several years, and ruled the factory so well that the Hong Kong capitalists withdrew all the personnel from Hong Kong and gave him enormous power of the factory. "I never dreamed of letting me into the party committee and manage the cadres. I have not even entered the door of Yuan Geng's house so far. If I can't do it well, I can go back to being an engineer at the worst." I believed the sincerity of his confession. Talking about the views on Zheng Yi and Wang Chaoliang, he believed that the two had their own strengths. Zheng Yi had more courage, and Wang Chaoliang had good relations with the masses. Under the conditions of confusion in management, replacing him with Zheng Yi was right, the Division of Organizing Cadres agreed it, and the party committee also unanimously approved. But Wang Chaoliang's contributions could not be wiped out, he was still important. Yu Dehai didn't approve that Zheng Yi dismissed a few workers: "I said to Zheng Yi that when I worked in the oxygen factory for several years, I didn't dismiss a single worker, and the factory was still managed very well."<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了，由于坚持体育锻炼，加上生就一张娃娃脸，看上去像二十几岁的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业，在兰州大学教过几年书。1980年，一些学生竞选人民代表，说过一些过头话，后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生，他在系里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候一些政工干部跃跃欲试，以为五七年又来了，又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生，他们都是平时最用功读书的，有的还是三好学生。他们读书多，接触外国资料多，忧国忧民，为我们国家着急，难免说一些过头话，但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好！难怪他来蛇口以后，一直让他做干部工作。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Fuxing was 36 years old, and because he insisted on physical exercise and had a baby face, he looked like a young man in his twenties. He graduated from Zhejiang University with a degree in computer science and taught at Lanzhou University for a few years. In 1980, some students ran for people's representatives and made some offensive remarks. Later, he was the first to stand up and speak for the students in the department when they suffered injustice in graduation assignment. "At that time, some political cadres primed for action, thinking that 1957 was coming again and they were going to arrest the rightists again. I knew those students best. They were the most diligent students, and some of them were also the three-good students. They read a lot, had more access to foreign materials, worried about the country and the people, and were anxious for our country, so it was inevitable to say some offensive remarks, but I could guarantee that none of them aimed to be anti-party and anti-socialist." Well said! No wonder he had been allowed to do cadre work since he came to Shekou.<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时，首先征求了袁复兴的意见。 <br />
<br />
When Yuan Geng considered replacing Wang Chaoliang with Zheng Yi, he first asked for Yuan Fuxing's opinion.<br />
<br />
“从为人的角度讲，郑不管三七二十一，不讲情面；王讲情面，现在船员还说他好。但是我们要靠法治，不能讲个人感情。王用人不当，班子不团结，有的他重用的人在背后拆他的台，该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部，当过地区的剧团团长和电影公司经理，很有能力，和王的关系也不错，却卖了3个月的电子游戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理，却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志，他同情王潮梁，不愿留在明华轮，调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他才42岁，据说郑奕说他年龄大了，不想用他，没有把他留住，真是可惜。 <br />
<br />
"From the perspective of being a person, Zheng, in spite of anything, hasn't no consideration for others' feelings; Wang cares about them, and now the crew still say he is good. But we have to rely on the rule of law, not personal feelings. Wang appointed inadequate people, and the team was not united. Some people who he valued cut the ground from under his feet behind his back, and he didn't use the people who should be used. For example, a cadres transferred from Huiyang, who had been the head of a regional theater and the manager of a film company, very capable and had a good relationship with Wang, but he sold video game machine's chips for three months. Wang wanted to ask him to be the manager of the entertainment department, but hesitated to make up his mind." I knew this comrade. He sympathized with Wang Chaoliang and did not want to stay in Minghua Ship, so he was transferred to Shenzhen Television as the head of the Personnel Section. He was only 42 years old. But it was said that Zheng Yi said he was old and did not want to use him. It was a pity to let him go.<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派，办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成，还要分配合适的工作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣，副总经理人选我们正在考虑，王也是考虑的对象之一。 <br />
<br />
"But Wang Chaoliang is warm, decent, and has many ideas. If the Second Civil Aviation can't be done, we still have to allocate him a right job. The general manager of South Sea Restaurant is dispatched by the management in Hong Kong, and we are considering the people for the vice general manager. Wang is also one of the objects of consideration.<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗，现在实践证明他工作开展起来了，7月份收支平衡了，能否成长起来，有待他自己总结经验教训。不怕犯错误，老干部也犯过错误。 <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng is far-sighted to train Zheng Yi. We were worried about Zheng too at first, and now the practice has proven. His work is carried out, and income and expenses are in balance in July. Whether he can grow up, he needs to learn from his own experiences. Don't be afraid to make mistakes. The old cadres have also made mistakes.<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上，教练说4号下7号上，他并不是认为4号不行，可能是要试试7号投篮准不准，弹跳カ好不好……” <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng stresses that sometimes we need to use cadres as a team coach. On the court, when the coach said 4 off and 7 on, he does not think 4 is not good, and maybe he wants to try if 7 can shoot well or not and has a good leaping ability or not..."<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在一次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部能上能下，变成正常的。今天你干这个经理，明天你下来让别人上去，是正常的，但是我们许多人把这看作不正常，把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。” <br />
<br />
That was an interesting analogy. I remembered that Yuan Geng also talked about this point in a speech. "We have to make it normal that cadres are able to take a lower as well as a higher post. Today you work as the manager, and tomorrow you come down to let others go up, which is normal. But many of us see this as abnormal. Turning something abnormal into normal is reform."<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想，觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像，两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说，袁庚不也是一个教练吗？这个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事，说明了袁庚对郑奕的严格。 <br />
<br />
I suddenly had a strange association, thinking Yuan Geng and women's volleyball coach Yuan Weimin looked a bit similar. The two faces were superimposed in my brain. In a sense, wasn't Yuan Geng also a coach? This coach was strict with his players. One thing that both Yu Dehai and Yuan Fuxing told me illustrated how strict Yuan Geng was with Zheng Yi.<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计，郑奕和他谈了一次话，认为他是个管理人才，就决定叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意，认为工业区正需要财会人员，便推荐另一个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通，跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。袁庚说：“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问：“你们到底相不相信我？”袁庚严肃地说：“既相信你，又不相信你。相信你，所以叫你当总经理；不相信你，就是不知道你能不能当好，所以要继续考核你，天天看你的报表，看你营业的情况，看你在群众中的威信如何。” <br />
<br />
There was an accountant from Shanghai. Zheng Yi talked with him once and thought he was a management talent, so he decided to ask him to be the manager of the Minghua Ship‘s shopping mall. But the Division of Organizing Cadres did not agree, who thought that the industrial zone was in need of accounting personnel, and then recommended another comrade from the training course for business management cadres. Zheng Yi didn't understand and ran to the management committee to find Yuan Geng and Yu Dehai. Yuan Geng said, "In the cadre issue, you have to listen to the Division of Organizing Cadres." Zheng Yi asked, "Do you believe me or not?" Yuan Geng said seriously, "Believe in you and do not believe in you. We believe you, so ask you to be the general manager; we do not believe you, because we do not know whether you can do it well, so we have to continue to test you, viewing your reports every day, seeing your business conditions, and seeing how about your prestige in the masses."<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=155826Report CN EN 032023-06-13T14:10:42Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：10.热血男儿Hot-blooded Man */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情Obsession==<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with Long Hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies were always covered; whereas in the West, people loved nudity, which seemed to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个ー丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there was a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush and painting a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting was not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, had you ever thought that some of us would cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us would stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, would come like snowflakes. You might even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Were you fearless, or seized by a whim? You were out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he was painting.<br />
<br />
他站在一间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着一支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着ー张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stood in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looked disheveled, and his bosom was stained with different colors. His hair was long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there was a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exactly did you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound Train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it was today. The platforms were clean, the corridors were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the regions south of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North…<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像一块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, and cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man--that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes…"<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me…"<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows — the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"On a business trip? Or visit family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student at Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone…"<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What…"<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break…"<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man!"<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. The resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
"So I don't understand art…"<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多少欢聚与悲离的 故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉一线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小伙子,而是一个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
During the long journey, as the young people of the same generation, it was the fate to meet each other in this running train! In life, many stories of reunion and departure were drawn by the heavy line across the land! The girl was close to the small table by the window, resting her chin in the hand, listening to the young man talk, and watching his expression. It seemed that he was not a young guy, but a strong and confident man. Calculating his age, he was even a few years older than the girl. Why did he give that illusion before? Alas, the age of men was really hard to guess...<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为一个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是一个有抱负、有才华的人!”<br />
<br />
Out of the female’s sensitivity, the girl suddenly felt shy and embarrassed. The condescending arrogance that she had just showed was now reversed and replaced by her hazy admiration. The girl looked at the painter's dress again, and the non-matching colors of black and red were not so conspicuous. Although the painter's cotton jacket was still so black, the collar of the underwear was still so crooked, and the hair was still so disheveled, in the eyes of the girl, they all became the evidence that the young man was a bachelor who was immersed in art and had no time to take care of himself, which touched the girl's heart of compassion: "It seems that he is an ambitious and talented man!"<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
The painter took out his drawing board, spread the paper and said to the girl, "Please allow me to make a sketch of you."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
The girl nodded her head.<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简直像一个拙笨的新手。好半天,才抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
The painter drew very slowly, feeling ill at ease. The more he tried to draw well, the more nervous he became, and the brush was out of control. He was like a clumsy novice. After a long time, he apologized and said, "Sorry, I didn’t draw well…"<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来一看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会”了画家的灵犀。<br />
<br />
When the girl took it and looked, two red clouds rose on her cheeks. This sketch was not as good as the one of the mechanic, and those rigid lines were flaws of the work. To say it bluntly, she looked uglier in the painting than she really was. Is that what I look like? The girl had a reason to make a protest. However, she understood and forgave the painter with a sweet smile. Honestly, she didn't even want to see him too calm, too relaxed, like facing the model in the studio. The girl no longer regarded "resemblance in appearance" as so important, and she “understood tacitly” the painter's spirit.<br />
<br />
画纸的一角是签名和年月——袁运生,画于1964年2月。<br />
<br />
In one corner of the paper were the signature and date--Yuan Yunsheng, painted in February 1964.<br />
<br />
画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "Give it to you."<br />
<br />
姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
<br />
The girl said, "Thank you, I’ll keep it as a memory."<br />
<br />
“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信地址?”<br />
<br />
"You see, I was so careless that I forgot to ask your name." The painter said, "Could you write down your mailing address?"<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
<br />
The girl smiled: "My name is Zhang Lanying." And she wrote down the address on the painter's sketchbook.<br />
<br />
火车抵达浦口,他们已经像一对熟识的老朋友了。从一个艺术型的医学院学生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
<br />
When the train arrived in Pukou, they already looked like two old friends. Many common temperaments could be found between an artistic medical student and a serious artist. The passengers on the same train thought they had known each other for a long time and treated them as a couple, saying goodbye to them with the appellation of “you two”.<br />
<br />
画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空一样清澈,像江水一样深沉……<br />
<br />
The painter sent the girl to the shore of the Yangtze River, a wet wind blowing from the river. It was time to part, and both of them were reluctant to leave. Lanying looked at Yuan Yunsheng with the warm and fond gaze, and that means everything! As clear as the sky, as deep as the river…<br />
<br />
呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江交织起来的一见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
Heh! Pretty girl, you were too sentimental. Did you know him? The story of love at first sight, woven by the main Beijing-Pukou line and the winding Yangtze River, was too indiscreet.<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
<br />
The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River <br />
<br />
在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,一只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认真地涂抹着油彩,画出一个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
<br />
In the days of glorious morning light of the 1950s, a young boy's delicate hand, holding a paintbrush, was earnestly spreading the paint on the linen to draw a little girl with the same earnest expression, who was imitating her sister's movement, tying a bright red scarf around her neck.<br />
<br />
这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐一样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
<br />
This oil painting was sent from Nantong in Jiangsu Province to Beijing as an assignment for applying for the highest academy of arts, presenting the young painter’s sparkling artistic talent and a crystal-clear heart. The title was "Growing up to be like my sister", painted by Yuan Yunsheng.<br />
<br />
看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年除夕送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出一批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的艺术功底。<br />
<br />
When looking at this oil painting, people might think that the painter had a soft and gentle femininity. In fact, he was just the opposite. He was stubborn and unrestrained, like a boisterous colt. His love of painting since childhood was mainly influenced by his father. His father worked in a middle school in Nantong. In his spare time, he enthusiastically collected various fine art works. Every year on the New Year’s Eve, they would bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new, and his father would always hang a number of new paintings on the wall, including Chinese and foreign ones, like a small exhibition, full of the atmosphere of the art salon. The paintings collected at home gave Yuan Yunsheng some enlightenment in art. When he got a little bit older, he went to the Cultural Center in Nantong to participate in activities, attend lectures, learn to sketch, and paint, laying the first foundation of art.<br />
<br />
当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来一副犟脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
<br />
When he applied to the Central Academy of Fine Arts, his father said with worry: "The boy was born with stubbornness, which makes us uneasy."<br />
<br />
哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,一个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人 需要有个性。”<br />
<br />
His brother Yuan Yunfu, who was also involved in fine art, kept cheering him on: "Go ahead. people involved in fine art needs to have a personality."<br />
<br />
1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
<br />
In the summer of 1955, the Central Academy of Fine Arts announced the admission of new students, Yuan Yunsheng ranking the first.<br />
<br />
如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画派。这是19世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画就像一部小说或一出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝圣者像请佛一样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
<br />
If Yuan Yunsheng's work for the entrance examination could be classified as a certain school of art, it would be the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions. It was a progressive school of painting that emerged in Russia in the 19th century. It simulated life, emphasized themes, and focused on plot. A painting was like a novel or a play. It inherited Rembrandt’s tradition of realism and absorbed the Impressionism’s achievements in the use of light and color. After the October Revolution, it enjoyed the supreme position in the Soviet art circle and was invited to China by Chinese pilgrims, like inviting the Buddha. Of course, Yuan Yunsheng, only 17 years old, did not know the essence of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, let alone that the school of art was linked to the school of politics.<br />
<br />
他像奔跑在艺术山野 里的小鹿,一头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
<br />
Like a fawn running in the wilderness of art, he bumped into the arms of Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions.<br />
<br />
袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身 好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件 和艺术才能的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖力气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严格的训练——<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng was highly regarded by the academy. He was born in a good family (it was rare to have such a family background at that time) and excelled in the examination. He sat in the first-year classroom with a nimbus of political condition and artistic talent hanging over his head. He was elected as the commissary of Communist Youth League in charge of organization, who was totally the epitome of a socialist-minded and professionally competent man. He was also a real hard worker, and was very stubborn, taking everything seriously. Under the guidance of Soviet-style teaching methods, he received strict training--<br />
<br />
挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与被画者保持绝对的耐性 。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面 ”,画上一整天,只画了半个头像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履的中年人走过来,这是礼聘 来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供同学们观摩。<br />
<br />
Choosing a HB pencil, and sharpening it, and sketching in front of male and female models. The models were recruited at a very high price, both nude and non-nude. Under certain lights, the painter and the object stayed absolutely patient. He sketched out the outline at first, figured out the “light and plane”, and then drew all day long, only to have half picture of the head; the next day, the same scene was repeated under the same conditions; then, a middle-aged man with a high nose and deep eyes, dressed in a suit, came over, who was an expert invited cordially. Whenever he passed behind Yuan Yunsheng, his face often showed a look of satisfaction. Yuan Yunsheng got five points for all his sketches and oil paintings, which were sometimes hung in the classroom or in the corridor for students to watch.<br />
<br />
这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉柯夫教学体系。-袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀——苏联在中国土地上开办的艺术工厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
<br />
That year, a sketch and oil painting teaching conference of national fine art academies was held in Beijing to promote the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union. A half-length portrait of a Chinese woman painted by Yuan Yunsheng was shown off on the conference--a standard mode produced by the art factory of the Soviet Union in China.<br />
<br />
苏联专家的宠儿 ,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
<br />
He was the favorite of the Soviet experts, and the pride of the Oil Painting Department. He had a lot of success and a bright future. He immersed himself in the painting all day long, with his hand keeping waving, like a devout disciple prostrating himself before his art idol, and praying that his soul would ascend to the temple of art, seating on a throne surrounded by roses with a crown of pearls… It was the highest ideal for college students majoring in oil painting at that time.<br />
<br />
但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
<br />
But the naive faith was not solid, like an edifice built on a thin and narrow foundation, which could easily collapse. Once it was subverted, it could cause endless troubles.<br />
<br />
苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便朝那里走去。他停在一帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来一阵电灼般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
<br />
Distress had come to him, and he brought it upon himself. One morning, he heard that there was an exhibition of paintings being held in the hall, and went there. He stopped in front of a sequence of copies of the oil paintings, casting a calm glance upon it, and his whole body felt an electric sensation. His heart was shaking, and his blood was boiling.<br />
<br />
这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风 的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的感情,像酒一样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
<br />
These were the works of the European Post-Impressionist painter Van Gogh, with ordinary and simple images: fields, haystacks, a clock reflected by the setting sun, and sunflowers in clay pots. In addition, there were some portraits of ordinary people: postmen, miners, movers, and inmates who were released for yard time. In these unpretentious pictures, the author poured out the strongest feelings, as strong as wine, like a flame burning!<br />
<br />
看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格 。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生——向日葵,仿佛摇身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探求……这哪里是绘画呀 ,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每一线条和每一色块都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
<br />
Look, the jagged trees were rebellious. The undulating earth seemed to tell of suffering. <br />
The painter poured deep feelings into those ordinary people. The still-life painting --sunflowers, seemed to turn into a living thing, stretching out its jumble of tentacles to the frozen space, capturing, swaying, and indefatigably seeking… It was not a painting, but a call of the painter's life, a representation of his character! Every line and every color block were flowing, coming through invisible channels to clamp people, annihilate them to a great vortex of emotion…<br />
<br />
袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被一支锐利的艺术之箭射穿了。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng walked out of the hall, with his legs wobbling, as if he was drunk, was hurt. His heart was pierced by a sharp arrow of art.<br />
<br />
他回到宿舍,一头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高才生转瞬间变成西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
<br />
He went back to the dormitory and threw himself onto the bed. It was ironic that a top student of the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union became a captive of the Western European Post-Impressionism in an instant.<br />
<br />
宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地问 :“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
<br />
When the door of the dormitory opened, his roommate came in. Seeing him pale and tired, he asked in surprise, "Yunsheng, what happened to you?"<br />
<br />
“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
<br />
"I went to see an exhibition of Van Gogh's paintings." Yuan Yunsheng sat up in bed and said, "I've never been so excited by the works of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions..."<br />
<br />
他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的基础。有这个就够了。下一步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚 。<br />
<br />
He expressed his thoughts. In his opinion, the merit of Soviet painting theory lied in the emphasis on placing the object under certain light, observing the levels and hues with a subtle look, and tracing it carefully, which was the basis of all paintings. It was enough. The next step was to break free and move forward, not to limit themselves.<br />
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他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧上了天 ,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在干着什么蠢事呀? ……<br />
<br />
He was right. Throughout the history of art, each school had its own process of formation, development, vicissitudes, and ups and downs. The Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions deserved its place in the art circle without dispute. But once it was praised to the skies, and promoted by administrative means, it would be counterproductive and bring suffocating disaster to the art. In fact, in the 1950s, painters all over the world, including Soviet painters, were running, exploring and innovating. And how stupid we were! ...<br />
<br />
袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头 ,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng said excitedly: "We follow behind them and pick up what they have thrown away!"<br />
<br />
好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,一个几亿人的社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎 。<br />
<br />
His good friends were familiar with his character and sympathized with his comments, but they worried about him. At that time, a society of hundreds of millions of people prostrated itself before Soviet idols, and his words were tantamount to a form of blasphemy.<br />
<br />
从那以后,他变得不大安分了, 一头温驯的伏尔加式的 小鹿,现出烈性马驹的本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标。<br />
<br />
From then on, he became rebel. A tame fawn, like the one on the Volga car, showed the true colors of a boisterous colt. In addition to completing the homework as usual, he improvised with mixed painting techniques, as if he was pursuing an ethereal goal.<br />
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目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
<br />
The goal, was finally found, unexpectedly close at hand.<br />
<br />
从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭一张学生证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹…… <br />
<br />
From the Shuaifuyuan where the Central Academy of Fine Arts was located, crossing the big roundabout between Wangfujing and Bamiancao, the Donghua Gate of the National Palace Museum was about a mile away. At that time, students from the Academy of Fine Arts enjoyed a special privilege. They could freely enter the imperial garden of ancient Chinese art with only a student ID card. Here he saw Chen Laolian’s “Bogu Yezi (A kind of card played while drinking in ancient China)” in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan’s “Qingming Shanghe Tu (Along the River During the Qingming Festival)” in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a large number of authentic works of famous painters of the Tang Dynasty…<br />
<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
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His favorite work was the "Luo Shen Fu (The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River)" by Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.<br />
<br />
长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象力!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人,栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱翔……<br />
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Long scroll, romantic conception, how imaginative! The landscape was peaceful and spacious, with quiet and wonderful rivers and mountains; the figures were lifelike, dancing in the air. Was the resemblance in appearance? Was the resemblance in spirit? Between likeness and unlikeness, that was the author's mind soaring…<br />
<br />
他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条表现出高超的魅力。<br />
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He put his eyes close to the scroll. The brush strokes, appearing ageless for thousands of years, like the spring silkworms spinning fine and exquisite silk, drew freely. He thought of the Soviet oil painting theory that denied the existence of lines. But in Chinese painting, the general and terse lines showed the high charm.<br />
<br />
站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他的思绪如抛出的一缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
<br />
Standing in this ancient resplendent hall, a long flowing river of art swept passed by before his eyes, and his thoughts stretched out like a wisp of gossamer. If we compared the fashionable Western art and the ancient Oriental art to two poles, there seemed to be something between the two poles that was closely related. Oh, he understood. When we got into a mut, ignored what was near and seek what was far away, those elves and devils of abstractionism, fauvism, modernism and futurism quietly got essence and extracted nutrients from the Oriental art to strengthen their bodies. That was the secret.<br />
<br />
祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
<br />
Motherland, your art is not water, not wine, not milk, but the magical royal jelly!<br />
<br />
虎丘<br />
<br />
Huqiu<br />
<br />
兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
<br />
After parting with the painter in Pukou, Lanying returned to school in Suzhou. In the blink of an eye, it was March. With spring breeze and newly sprouted willow trees, the town of flowing water under bridges liked a young girl, who was unveiled, affectionate with a lot of charm. <br />
<br />
姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
<br />
The girl's state of mind was also bright like waking spring.<br />
<br />
她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认识一下,如果手头有照片,请寄来一张。<br />
<br />
She received the painter’s letter from Nantong. The style of writing was free and easy. In the girl’s words: "The level is quite high!" The letter recalled the unforgettable scene on the train and expressed his feelings of missing her. He also said that his parents and brothers would like to get to know the girl, and if she had photos, please sent one.<br />
<br />
兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选一张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息一样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
<br />
Lanying opened the photo album without hesitation, selected a small photo, attached a short reply, and sent it to Nantong. This small act contained an unusual meaning, just like the shortest electromagnetic microwave can transmit significant information, it clearly expressed: the girl agreed to be his girlfriend.<br />
<br />
兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
<br />
Lanying's upbringing conditioned her to making her own decisions. She was born in Shandong province and grew up in the regions south of the Yangtze River. After her parents died, she moved with the troops from childhood. Wherever she went, it was her home, and she developed the ability to live independently. Over the years, she always received the warmth from the group and her female companions, but was never constrained. Perhaps she was a bit spoiled and coaxed by others, which made her form a stubborn personality.<br />
<br />
此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,一见钟情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
<br />
At the moment, she had a novel feeling that she was happier than the people around her. Because she had a right man in her heart, who affected her emotions. She silently enjoyed the secret pleasure of the young girl in love for the first time. She even imagined that once the secret was revealed, how surprised and envious her female companions would be! In their minds, her vison was very high. She was great looking and came from a privileged background. No male classmates dared to develop a relationship with her. It was not easy to take her fancy. It was done so artfully, neither by her parents’ choice, nor by the match-maker’s recommendation. She met him on a trip, and fell in love at first sight, bringing everything lime a whirlwind, so that the girl was full of desire for a better life. It was really romantic! So, she wove the future scenarios with sweet silk, anxiously waiting for the response from Nantong. Did he receive her letter? Would the painter's parents comment her when looking at her photo? Was she too pretty, or not enough? Alas! It was really hard to guess… The girl's heart was like the weather in the south of the Yangtze River in March. The temperature and weather changed abruptly.<br />
<br />
学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
<br />
The school was preparing for the Women's Day celebration. Lanying was the commissary in charge of entertainment of the class, a major role that bore a heavy burden of responsibility. The time passed quickly as she arranged the programs, made a blackboard newspaper, and decorated the venue.<br />
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“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄起话筒,一惊一喜——那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
<br />
On Woman’s Day, the curtain was opened, and everyone was watching the stage. Suddenly someone called Lanying to answer the phone. She took up the microphone, and was surprised and delighted--it was the painter calling from the school's reception office.<br />
<br />
兰英极力掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,一阵风似的跑到学校的门口。<br />
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Lanying tried to hide his excitement, turned to the students, vaguely explained a few words, and ran to the school gate like a gust of wind.<br />
<br />
画家站在那里,手中照例拿着一个速写本。<br />
<br />
The painter stood there, holding a sketchbook in his hand as usual.<br />
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“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
<br />
"When did you arrive?" The girl asked.<br />
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“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I just got off the train. I was passing through here after the home leave." The painter said.<br />
<br />
“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
<br />
"Please come in, do you … want to draw some sketches for our celebration?"<br />
<br />
“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……” <br />
<br />
"Not going in. I'd like to invite you out for a walk…"<br />
<br />
兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意味着向人生的一个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
<br />
Lanying hesitated for a moment. She was willing to accept the request, but also felt embarrassed. Since she entered the period of youth and became mature, Lanying spent this day with her female companions every year. Today she was going to leave her group, which meant saying goodbye to a stage of life. She thought about the discipline of the school, the opinion of classmates...<br />
<br />
“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
<br />
"Where are we going?" Lanying asked shyly.<br />
<br />
“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
<br />
"Huqiu." The painter's expression did not change.<br />
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当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
<br />
When they got off the bus and stood at the foot of Huqiu Hill, the girl's uneasy heart was quieted down and relaxed. <br />
<br />
和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深”。沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
<br />
Compared with the small gardens in Suzhou City, Huqiu was a broad and quiet place to visit. The first two lines of Bai Juyi's poem on Huqiu were " The temple doesn't look far away, but it's very deep in the garden.” Walking along the stone path to the garden, there were many pines and cypresses, clear and blue sword pool, thick and tall groves of bamboo hiding the buildings and pavilions on the hillside: Temple of Chloris, Three Smiles pavilion... Walking deeper and there was more quiet, like walking into a sweet dream.<br />
<br />
这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在一起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
<br />
It was the first time Lanying had been alone with a man. There were mysterious waves in the girl’s heart. She felt that she had a lot to say to the painter, but she didn't know where to start.<br />
<br />
“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
<br />
"Have you received the photo?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I received. My family saw it and they all like you." The painter said.<br />
<br />
可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术。他对这一带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而倾倒。<br />
<br />
But the painter soon changed the subject. He commented on the local customs and culture of Suzhou and introduced the plastic art of the regions south of the Yangtze River. He seemed to be familiar with the area and knew a lot of anecdotes. The girl listened to him with great interest and was overwhelmed with admiration by the painter's profound knowledge.<br />
<br />
前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去 ,仿佛在祝福这一对美好的情侣。突然,一股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
<br />
Huqiu Pagoda was just ahead. The towering spire thrust into the blue sky and white clouds, magnificent and magical. Lanying and the painter ran towards the top of the hill with excitement. The painter stretched out his strong arm to support the girl. They were so close to each other, feeling the heat of each other's breath and heart beating. Pines, cypresses, and bamboo forests swayed backwards, as if they were blessing the wonderful couple. Suddenly, with a blazing feeling, they both stopped at the same time.<br />
<br />
这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰一样醉红,双唇像微微绽开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己一样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后一瞬……<br />
<br />
Here was surrounded by hills and trees, empty and silent. The painter stared at the girl with a frank and honest look; Lanying closed her eyes happily, ready to receive a baptism of love that would never be forgotten. The golden sunlight, through the branches of the trees, cast waving shadows on the girl’s face. Her cheeks were as red as roses, and her lips were like slightly blooming petals, more beautiful than usual. What a pure girl. Opening the window of her heart, there wasn’t any trace of dust and impurities. Although it was her second meeting with the painter, she trusted him and life as she trusted herself. Hold her tight, kiss her with fervor. She would be yours forever, from now until the last moment of your life…<br />
<br />
“兰英,我要告诉你一件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是‘右派’！”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I’ll tell you something." What she heard at this moment was the painter’s calm voice, “The first time was too late and the second time is not too late. I was classed as a 'rightist' when I was in college. Really, it was the 'rightist'!”<br />
<br />
霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
<br />
All of a sudden, the hills and trees, the ancient pagoda, were frozen in a deathly silence…<br />
<br />
孤岛上<br />
On a Lonely Island<br />
<br />
到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。1957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
<br />
Have you ever been to an island of the sea? The water and sky seemed to be mixed up together. The clouds came and went, and tide rose and fell. The island was a poem, a fresh and meaningful poem. At the turn of spring and summer in 1957, Yuan Yunsheng was in a poetic environment.<br />
<br />
他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
<br />
He went deep into the life on the island and practice drawing from nature. The Central Academy of Fine Arts required that second-year students had a two-month internship course; before the summer vacation, students went to different parts of the country. He and another student were the only ones who participated in the trip to the island. It was located on the shore of the Yellow Sea. There were only troops on the island, and no residents for miles around. The island provided him with a fortunate environment, getting away from the noise and disputes of the human world, and escaping the violent turmoil that happened in the mainland.<br />
<br />
小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体 ,心情是焦渴的。当蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
<br />
People on the island were closest to nature. Every morning, carrying the paint box on his back, he wandered on the beach covered with light yellow gravel and welcomed the first ray of happy sunshine. At the age of only eighteen, Yuan Yunsheng had already stood out from the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions and became a hazy composite of Chinese Classicism Painting and Western Modernism Painting, who was anxious. The blue sea sprinkled ten thousand golden stars and the sunglow filled his heart with brilliant colors. It was the moment when the young artist's life was burning. He hurriedly opened the paint box, spread the canvas and accepted the generous offer of nature.<br />
<br />
小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左右,才有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
<br />
The island was simple. Politics was proportional to the population, and there were fewer political topics here. Only a barge arrived to deliver newspapers and mail every ten days or so. While he and his companion were eating, they hastily opened the newspapers and skim through them. He was curious about the articles that appeared in the newspaper:<br />
<br />
“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好啦……”<br />
<br />
"Beijing is allowing the people to express their views now. This article is interesting. This opinion should be adopted. Changing it like this will be good…"<br />
<br />
他看完报纸一扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块和线条的运用。<br />
<br />
He threw the newspaper away after reading it and then forgot about it. He did not care about anything else except painting. His road of life was bright, full of sunshine, with no clouds hanging over him and nothing to worry about. All he cared about was the use of light, color blocks and lines.<br />
<br />
年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队的宣传干事带到一间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
<br />
The only political question the young artist faced was raised by the local soldiers. One day, he was taken to a humble shed by a publicity officer of the troops, and a pair of trusting eyes were cast upon him.<br />
<br />
“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, you have asked to go to another island to paint, right?"<br />
<br />
“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
<br />
"Yes, we want to go there."<br />
<br />
“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
<br />
"The troops have studied it. You can go, but your classmate stays."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查 。你们学校填写了两份材料,你的情况单纯 。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
<br />
"A permanent military project is being built on the island. Those who go there have to pass a political vetting. Your college filled out two documents, and your background is simple. Your classmate can't go, mainly because of family problems…"<br />
<br />
袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是一种荣幸,既然生活当中存在这样一些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng frowned. It was an honor to be invited alone. Since there were such rules in life, he went to there alone and no one could blame it. But it brought him more trouble than excitement. He knew his classmates. They were all members of the Communist Youth League and were the backbone of the students. Why should they be distinguished? With his artistic way of thinking, he decided that it was a proposition of conscience and friendship.<br />
<br />
“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
<br />
"Hey, I got it." He went back to the dorm and said to his companion, "The island is building fortifications, drilling and blasting, filled with smoke. There is nothing to paint. We've been out for a long time, let's just go back to the college!"<br />
<br />
不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大 登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活见鬼 !中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
<br />
Soon, he and his classmate crossed the sea and landed at Lvda City. The cool sea breeze blew against the beautiful city, arousing interest in sightseeing. They wandered the streets. The scenery was charming, the buildings were quirky and everywhere was full of Russian atmosphere. When Yuan looked up at the signposts, which wrote the street names like “Makarov”, he complained: "Damn it! Why does the street of a Chinese city have to be named after a Russian general? What a bummer…" A few days later, they stood in the blue harbor, casting a last glance at the ocean waves, and turned around to set foot on the way back.<br />
<br />
不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
<br />
He didn’t expect that it was a farewell to the blue life.<br />
<br />
北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷 ,使海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头 ,有碍“百花齐放”。袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
<br />
Beijing had changed. Returning from the island, he was amazed by the swift counterattack, the overwhelming criticism, and the petals scattered on the ground in the campus. What puzzled him most was the situation of Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the academy. He heard that the secretary of the Party Committee made a mistake because he advocated the revolutionary school of painting too far, which hindered "all flowers blooming together". Yuan Yunsheng really didn’t understand what the “revolutionary school of painting” had to do with the “rightist”.<br />
<br />
袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? 一连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng hid in the dormitory, immersing himself in gathering up his sketches. Perhaps, he was safe. He advocated inheriting ancient Chinese art and drawing on western modern art, which should be conducive to the "blooming of a hundred flowers". How could he not be safe. For several days, he chased the white clouds, waves and seagulls, lost in the memories of his trip to the sea…<br />
<br />
有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像一个漏了税的走私犯接受审讯。<br />
<br />
One day, he was suddenly called to the classroom and stood in front of the people, like a smuggler being tried for tax evasion.<br />
<br />
摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名——“反苏” 。 <br />
<br />
He was faced with a host of problems: deviant views in art, sympathetic remarks to the "rightist", "poisoning" on the island and in Lvda, and a terrible accusation throughout it--"anti-Soviet".<br />
<br />
究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐 ,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
<br />
The answer to who denounced him could be found by using elementary mathematics, but it was meaningless. Since he had thought so, and said, he said bluntly to anyone, with an honest heart.<br />
<br />
他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他一挥手:“请你到外面等一会儿。”<br />
<br />
He racked his brain to repeat what he had said, and the presenter waved to him: "Please wait outside for a moment."<br />
<br />
他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听见屋里在争论。<br />
<br />
He left the classroom and stood in the corridor, feeling relieved and comfortable. The corridor was only one door away from the classroom, and he heard an argument in the room.<br />
<br />
有人说:“够了……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "That's enough…”<br />
<br />
有人说:“还不够……”<br />
<br />
Someone said: "Not enough...”<br />
<br />
有人说:“态度还好……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "The attitude is not bad…"<br />
<br />
他的好友在替他争辩,另一些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
<br />
His best friends were arguing for him, and others were insisting on something, which sounded interesting. Then there was silence… Then, he was called back to the classroom.<br />
<br />
“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, after research, you've been classified as a 'rightist'!"<br />
<br />
政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色——红与黑。点朱泼墨,二者居其一,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不同,观点对立,照样用黑笔一勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
<br />
The oil painting box of the political movement had only two colors--red and black, which was different from the oil painting box of the artist. The only way to choose between cinnabar and ink was to rely on fortune-telling. He and Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, were of different ages, different background colors, and opposing views, but they were both outlined by black brushes with the same destination and the painting procedures were highly simplified.<br />
<br />
晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
<br />
In the evening, he rode the bike to Baijiazhuang, where his brother Yuan Yunfu lived. He rocked back in the sofa: "I am."<br />
<br />
哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
<br />
His brother smiled and asked, "What are you?"<br />
<br />
“我是’右派’了。”<br />
<br />
"I'm a 'rightist' now."<br />
<br />
“呵?”哥哥大吃一惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
<br />
"Huh?" His brother was astonished, "What mistake did you make?"<br />
<br />
“我没犯错误。”<br />
<br />
"I didn't make a mistake."<br />
<br />
“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
<br />
"Then why are you classified as a 'rightist'?"<br />
<br />
“他们说我是,就是啰 。”<br />
<br />
"They said I am. So I am."<br />
<br />
“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
<br />
"No! No!" His brother was trembling.<br />
<br />
“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
<br />
"What’s wrong with that?" He said evenly, "I still paint, still go to school, still engage in arts."<br />
<br />
他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山造湖,兴修水库,一颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地指挥部,请求一边干活一边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人来访。<br />
<br />
He really did not know pain yet. Soon after, hundreds of thousands of people in the capital swarmed to the out to the suburbs to move mountains and create lakes and build reservoirs in the gorge of the Ming Tombs, and a naive heart was touched. He thought how good it would be to see so many people working together to do one thing. He took his oil painting box and rode more than one hundred miles by bike to the construction headquarters, asking to be able to work and spent his spare time painting. They refused, explaining that according to the regulations, they would not accept personal visits.<br />
<br />
又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他一个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
<br />
Shortly afterward, he went into the construction site by bus with a large group of people from the Central Academy of Fine Arts. How excited he was! He did as much work alone as several men together, carrying six baskets for holding earth on one pole, and running fast on the rugged mountain road. At noon, when others took a nap, he held his painting clipboard and went to the mountain to paint under the scorching sun. Until he was exhausted and staggered back to the shed, he still didn’t feel bitter. Because it was her own choice. He was motivated by the boiling life and generously gave his energy, feeling that it was a great pleasure.<br />
<br />
可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成呵斥的嗓门,一张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了——仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
<br />
But the atmosphere in the shed had changed. The students gathered around him, pointing at him, and saying that he was disobedient, did not accept reform, and should not paint anymore… He was stunned. He didn’t know that it was a criticism meeting, and he didn’t understand what they said. He only felt that familiar eyes became harsh eyes, intimate expressions became indifferent expressions, and peaceful voices became scolding voices. Their mouths were moving, and their hands were shaking. Suddenly he understood--just one thing: he was different from others!<br />
<br />
他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
<br />
He opened his bloodshot eyes wide, wriggled his dry lips, and fell down with his hands on his head.<br />
<br />
过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
<br />
Because of overwork and mental stimulation, he contracted serious dysentery. The illness dragged on from summer to winter, and later he was sent to an unheated hut at college.<br />
<br />
小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活 ,学校当局不再放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他才感到了痛苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出一串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
<br />
The hut was cold and damp, where dripping water could freeze. His body was hot with a high fever. College authorities were no longer concerned about his condition. A year ago, he was the pride of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, who became an abandoned orphan now. He felt the pain, the pain of being strangled in art, exceeding the physical pain, like being pushed into a terrible hell. No! In the spiritual realm of art, there was only heaven, not hell. He was forced to learn to be inferior, but he could never learn it. In a coma, cluttered thoughts were flashing, as if he was flying after the seagulls, and dancing with the Goddess of the Luo River. He tossed and turned and struggled, with a series of moans, as if not willing to sink, but to climb out of the dark hell…<br />
<br />
屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
<br />
A faint white light came through the door and he heard the sound of footsteps. Looking there attentively, he found that his friend stood in front of the bed, casting sympathetic and concerned eyes at him.<br />
<br />
他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是一种负担。我需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
<br />
He sat up quickly: "Please don't come to see me again. I understand that it is a burden for others to be close to me. I need friendship, but not pity. What I need now is solitude, solitude, let me be alone!"<br />
<br />
新月<br />
<br />
The Crescent Moon<br />
<br />
夕阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野 闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对青年男女。<br />
<br />
The setting sun cast a golden glow on Huqiu and fell to the other side of the hill. The clear and quiet lights shimmered on the hill, which was connected to the transparent dusk, reflecting the stately profile of the millennium pagoda, like a contemplative old man overlooking a young couple on the hill.<br />
<br />
这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们一页一页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像一阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只残忍的巨手一挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择 。<br />
<br />
This moment was long enough for Lanying. There were tragedies and comedies in love stories that had been passed down through the ages, attracting people to read them page by page. However, the second page of Lanying's story was unbearable. The tender feelings of a girl who was in her first love: happiness, novelty, joy… For an instant they vanished like a gust of wind, as if with the wave of a cruel hand, everything sank, everything disappeared, and a problem was put before the girl, severe, cold, and emotionless, turning the sweet assignment into a cold choice of stakes.<br />
<br />
在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的一群 ,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以“杀气腾腾”“煽风点火 ”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁愿与鬼蜮联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
<br />
In those years, in this land, as long as people mentioned the "rightist", a bunch of greys flashed before their eyes, like shadows, like ghosts, as if they killed a man, committed arson, or poison something. It seemed that they were all charged with “murder”, “fanning the flames”, “drug trafficking” and so on. Their souls were sentenced to death, leaving only soulless shells of bodies. The shell, could breathe but could not speak, and must work but could not harvest. The only tolerance that society gave them was to give them more time than convicts sentenced to death, turning their shells into mud. Who would want to be married to a ghost? Who wanted to be with a zombie? Lanying faced such a choice.<br />
<br />
在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每一个姑娘都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵——询问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,工资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称一称。爱情的内容转变了,转变为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义 。<br />
<br />
In an environment where marriage and politics were tied together, every girl had to make considerations, either to enjoy honor, or to have misfortunes with her husband. Under the same dusk, how many girls in the world were considering it--asking the man’s family background, political affiliation, education background, job, salary, rank… asking his direct value and everything indirectly translated into value, and then weighing them on the balance of love. The content of love had been transformed into the process of exchange of commodities, which gradually became common and natural.<br />
<br />
兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算 。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
<br />
Lanying had more rights to make her own decisions. She was receiving higher education. She would be a nurse in the future, whose had blood of martyrs in her veins. The organization was considering her to join the Communist Party of China. She was as proud as a daughter of an eminent family, as beautiful as Snow White… Every intersection of life would provide the green light for her. with sons from aristocratic families for her to choose and high position and great wealth to enjoy. But life seemed to play ticks on her. It was the black devil who came to her side, not the angel of love. It was not late to break off the relationship with him at once, and there was no obligation on conscience and morality.<br />
<br />
兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越 ,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气 。因此,她还不懂得利害。<br />
<br />
Lanying lost in painful thought. She was in a privileged situation and had pure experiences, remaining unspotted from the world. Therefore, she did not understand the stakes.<br />
<br />
政治运动对姑娘来说,像一场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些“右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她还时常听到这样的告诫:有才华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不断得到强化。<br />
<br />
The political movement was like a vague dream for the girl. In 1957, she was an innocent girl studying in middle school. She took part in the denunciation, with her mouth, with her pen, with her outraged feeling. The war was over before she could see the enemies clearly. She only saw the backs of the prisoners. Later, when the girl was a little older, whenever she heard that someone was a "rightist", she could not help but look at him with curiosity. She saw that most of the "rightists" were scholars, professors, artists, writers, business backbone, celebrities and so on. She also often heard the admonition: talented people often had strong personalities; people with strong personalities often suffered setbacks. The direct and converse theorem of real life had been repeated in various tones, and the girl’s impression of it was constantly reinforced.<br />
<br />
抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的嘲讽。<br />
<br />
The abstract concept of friend or foe formed a concrete conclusion in the girl's mind, which was a sad mockery of the solemn political movement.<br />
<br />
眼前的画家又是一个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离经叛道的歧路 ,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为政治问题?为什么要让一个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的才华……什么是才华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下一颗蓝色的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
<br />
The painter before her was another example. Because the painter opposed the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, he was declared to be on an unorthodox and evil path and was sentenced to death in politics. The girl could not understand why the issue of art had to be turned into a political issue? Why should a Chinese hot-blooded young man be sacrificed to a foreign altar as a lamb to be slaughtered? Wasn't it ludicrous? Such a ludicrous thing actually happened. Perhaps, it further proved that the painter was not a meek lamb, but a fearful calf, attracting jealousy from others. It further proved the painter’s courage and insight, indomitable nature and precious talent… What was talent? For the simplehearted girl, it was the light of life, the garland of youth, the transcendence of ignorance, the sublimation of knowledge. It made money and wealth eclipsed, made gain, loss, fame and bad reputation ruin and loss become a passing cloud, like a bright horizon that divided the clear sky and turbid earth. Foolish girls liked to adorn themselves with jewels, but noble girls were full of spiritual aspirations. She was willing to pick a blue star and set it on the heart of love... Lanying broke the silence and said to the painter in a deep voice: "Don't mention those things of your past to me again. I don't think you've made a mistake…"<br />
<br />
画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子 ,也是有限的宽恕,一切还同过去一样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "But everyone else thinks so. Even if they took the hat off, the forgiveness would be limited, and everything would be the same as before. You can't associate with people like me. You must consider the consequences."<br />
<br />
“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
<br />
"I don't care about the consequences. No matter what other people think, I trust my instincts."<br />
<br />
“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are your instincts?"<br />
<br />
“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
<br />
"My instinct is that you are talented!"<br />
<br />
这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激动的光辉:“世上有才华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
<br />
It was the highest praise for an "enemy of society”. Her tone showed a significant preference, which should bring enough relief to the painter. But the painter stood there with a stoney expression. The radiance of excitement in his gaze was worn away: "There are many talented people in the world, including glorious victors and miserable losers. Why do you prefer me? You’ll regret it in the future…"<br />
<br />
难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把才华糟蹋得像一块抹布的年月里,这句话,他不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子无才便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,才华再也不是令知识分子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
<br />
No wonder the painter reacted indifferently. It was not the first time he had heard the phrase in the years when his talent was ruined like a rag. Anyone could give it to him. Beneath the hypocritical compliment was a deliberate mockery. "A woman without talent is virtuous", now also applied to men. Even if he was trampled underfoot, mercilessly flogged, covering with cuts and bruises, they could pat him on the shoulder and told him to get up and go to work. At that time, talent was no longer a flower that made intellectuals have smug feelings, but a bitter medicine that touched their feelings of sorrow.<br />
<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
<br />
Lanying’s and the painter's eyes met. The painter's eyes, probing and frank, with a deep flame of self-esteem and some expectations, shot all the way to the girl's heart. Lanying could not resist this stare that could penetrate through everything, and her heart was shivering…<br />
<br />
兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费力气地获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被搞得阴阳颠倒！一时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到一颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙一样晶莹闪烁。<br />
<br />
Lanying suddenly remembered that it was her second meeting with the painter, in this quiet mountain forest, a secluded valley far away from the city. Wasn't today Women's Day? Ordinarily, he could easily win the girl’s heart with his gentleness and gallantry. However, he brought frustration, which couldn’t wait to broke the girl's calm. He said the truth, revealed the hidden pain, casting ominous clouds. He knew that it could cause irreversible consequences, but insisted on doing it. What exactly was it for? How upright and poised he was! Why was such a person said to be a terrible devil? The vanished soul? Life was so unfair! Honesty for disaster, cunning for glory, how much right and wrong in the world had been turned upside down! For a moment, Lanying felt that the ravine, valley and river in front of her had been filled in. Through the evening mist, she saw a sincere heart, glittering and shining like agates.<br />
<br />
兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
<br />
Lanying said excitedly, "I decided."<br />
<br />
画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "You love me?"<br />
<br />
“喜欢。”<br />
<br />
"Yes."<br />
<br />
“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
<br />
"What do I have to be loved?"<br />
<br />
“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
<br />
"Because you are honest, and love needs honesty."<br />
<br />
画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝 里滚动。<br />
<br />
The painter's whole body shocked, and he threw himself on the girl and buried his head in her arms. In one moment, the strong man turned into a child that curled up, with tears welling up in his eyes.<br />
<br />
一弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
<br />
A crescent moon rose. The ancient pagoda was solemn, and the bamboo forest whispered. The bright silver light shined on the girl, who was like a silver statue of goddess.<br />
<br />
画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
<br />
The painter was like embracing a treasure that he never wanted to lose. For many years, he lived and behaved with integrity, and infatuated with art. But no one had ever given such an evaluation on him. Today, the girl judged his conscience, filling his lonely heart with light. He was satisfied and relieved, feeling that he got the greatest reward for the hardship he had suffered for years…<br />
<br />
双桥<br />
<br />
Shuangqiao<br />
<br />
当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢——充当囚犯, 颠沛流离 ,饱尝辛酸……<br />
<br />
Contemporary artists have great passions to pursue their own artistic styles, and those who had suffered misfortune had unique styles that could not be replaced by others. Who wants to repeat their experience--to be a prisoner, to wander, to endure all kinds of hardships…<br />
<br />
翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
<br />
Open Repin’s collection, and look at ''Barge Haulers on the Volga''.<br />
<br />
我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石磙,弓着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下一闪一闪。<br />
<br />
There is a picture similar to ''Barge Haulers on the Volga'' before us, a living picture. The sun was hot, and the air was burning. On the golden wheat field, a young man pulled a stone roller with the posture of the barge hauler on the Volga. He bowed, head down, with a rope trip on his shoulder, hands almost down to the ground. Sweat was running down his bare back, glowing and winking in the sun.<br />
<br />
这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是最年轻的一个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石磙,一拉就是一天。<br />
<br />
This was Shuangqiao Farm in Beijing, one of the earliest state farms, which was famous for its mechanized production. But the artists from the Central Academy of Fine Arts did the work like animal labor. Yuan Yunsheng was the youngest among more than twenty people, who volunteered to do the heaviest work. He pulled the stone roller on the wheat field all day.<br />
<br />
二十几个人住在一间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。几年前,在他们头顶上发生的 那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成为一门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向两极。<br />
<br />
More than twenty people lived in a large room, with shabby windows and doors, and flies and mosquitoes flying freely in and out. There were two rows of wide beds for a number of people and tables made of wooden boards in the room. The dean, professors, teaching assistants and students were equally treated here. The explosion that happened above their heads a few years ago caused different reactions in each of them. Some were silent, some were endlessly repentant, some were calm, and some were trembling, just as the mechanics of the explosion developed into a unique craft, capable of both destruction and construction, making their spiritual models distinctly polarized.<br />
<br />
袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头一个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,一头畜力转眼间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng returned to the room from the wheat field, his first action was to fall on the drawing board by the bed. The animal became an artist with glittering eyes at once, just like the miracle of a magic show by a magician. With the drawing board under his arm, he looked for prey everywhere. He was the master of everything in the territory of visual image.<br />
<br />
他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着他。试问 ,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展示了情景交融的空间——略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
<br />
He doggedly innovated, of his own accord and under duress. He had to reform through labor, and made art at the same time, who needed to adapt to the new environment because he could not leisurely portray objects like oil painters. Applying the achievements of line modeling in Chinese painting to Western oil painting, which was a hazy pursuit before, now became a bright flame that attracted him strongly. Who had ever seen the existence of "line" in life? And he saw it. He observed the layers of light, analyzed the light and plane of the object, trying to grasp the moment when a plane met another plane. The changing, transitional, and wonderful division showed clear lines on the retina, which commanded the hand and pen through the processing of the brain, the exaggeration of emphasis and the appropriate deformation, drawing firm or soft lines on the sketch, as simple as Chinese paintings, as precise as Western paintings, like a Peking Opera artist on an empty stage, showing the space that feelings mingled with scenes with his nuanced hand movements, expression of eyes and body motions--a remarkable painting language that was slight but not empty, with real in its emptiness.<br />
<br />
他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
<br />
He figured it out. Since his paintings would never be cared again, let alone exhibited, he could let his pen draw freely. During the days in the farm, he made more than two thousand sketches with pens, brushes and pencils, far more than the number of assignments for students in fine art colleges. With heavy work and strong foundation, he went toward his goal. A large pile of sketches on his bedside was the accumulation of his faith and the ocean of spirit.<br />
<br />
住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
<br />
Among the people living in the same room, there was a stern elder who often watched the young painter's behaviors. He was Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy. Jiang Feng's gaze was astonished. He didn’t know his student before, but now he was touched by Yuan Yunsheng's enthusiasm for hard work and advancement.<br />
<br />
“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去！”<br />
<br />
"I really don't understand why the student like you should be labeled as a 'rightist'?" Jiang Feng said to Yuan Yunsheng, "Draw it. As long as you think it's right, you can draw it according to your will!"<br />
<br />
这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
<br />
It was the direct teaching Yuan Yunsheng heard from the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, not in the grand academy, but in the hard adversity. This teaching impressed him forever.<br />
<br />
一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
<br />
One day, people living in the same room held a review meeting. Some of them confessed as usual, but Jiang Feng declaimed, criticizing the proneness to boasting and exaggeration in publicity, the disconnect between economic policy and economic base, and the hazards of "Left" opportunism, just like a level-headed politician without the slightest self-consciousness of an offender. He was still him, maintaining human dignity, and exercising the rights of the brain and mouth. Yuan Yunsheng listened, filled with admiration.<br />
<br />
散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特儿是清癯的、憔悴的,一副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出一个美的灵魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
<br />
After the meeting, Jiang Feng read a book with his head on the desk. Yuan Yunsheng quietly picked up the drawing board and looked towards him. The model in front of him was skinny and haggard, with a contemplative look. However, in the painter's mind, a beautiful soul was reflected, as hard and transparent as diamonds. The painter used his brush to draw a portrait of him with ease and verve.<br />
<br />
“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
<br />
"Oh, I'm much thinner than before." Jiang Feng took the sketch and said with emotion, "Leave this painting to me. You and I have a memorable friendship…"<br />
<br />
这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
<br />
The sketch was paired with a frame, hanging in Jiang Feng's home for many years.<br />
<br />
一个被撤职的党委书记,一个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
<br />
A dismissed secretary of the Party Committee, and a young man forced to stop school. Neither of their personalities were distorted under the weight. Once the personality had overcome the ordeal, it was like cast iron. It was the same to admit it or not.<br />
<br />
雨纷纷<br />
<br />
The Drizzling Water <br />
<br />
画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业分配。<br />
<br />
The painter parted with Lanying in Suzhou and returned to Changchun. They exchanged letters from time to time. A year later, Lanying was facing job assignment after graduation.<br />
<br />
东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降临头上。<br />
<br />
The Northeast was very unfamiliar to Lanying. In her imagination, it was distant borderlands covered with snow and ice, a terrible place so cold that the nose, ears and chin could be frozen off. None of the students wanted to be assigned to the Northeast. They were used to the affluent conditions and warm climate of lands of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River, and the mere mention of the Northeast made their hair stand on end, as if the doom of exile had fallen on their heads. <br />
<br />
兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
<br />
Lanying was regardless of anything. In the girl's mind, where he was, there was spring, and there was a bonfire! She was willing to suffer cold and hunger just by his side.<br />
<br />
当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying proposed to the organization of his aspiration for assignment, the other side was shocked: “Ah, you already have a boyfriend! How long have you known each other? What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
姑娘一五一十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住 。<br />
<br />
The girl answered one by one. She thought that it could not be hidden sooner or later.<br />
<br />
兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象力,把故事编得像田园牧歌一样美妙——<br />
<br />
Lanying’s story spread through the college. Oral litterateurs were not lack in imagination, and made up the story as beautiful as an idyllic pastoral--<br />
<br />
“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
<br />
"Hey, did you hear? Lanying asked to be assigned to Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
<br />
"So far away! Why do you want to go there?"<br />
<br />
“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子。”<br />
<br />
"She met a boyfriend, one of the most beautiful men in Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那个人干什么的?”<br />
<br />
"What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
<br />
"He's an actor at Changchun Film Studio. He acted many movies."<br />
<br />
“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
<br />
"Of course it is good to have an actor as boyfriend. He can go everywhere in the country. <br />
Studios are in big cities, and Lanying can be transferred to wherever she likes!"<br />
<br />
但是,在学校的一间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
<br />
But in a small room of the college, Lanying's head was under the weight of thousand pounds, and furious and disappointed eyes were cast at him: “You are too naïve in politics. Who is he? A ‘rightist', who is anti-Party and anti-socialist. Who are you? The descendant of revolutionary martyrs, member of the Communist Youth League, and the Party organization's development target. Won’t you feel sorry about your dead parents? And the Party?<br />
<br />
兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了……”<br />
<br />
Lanying argued: "His hat had been taken off…"<br />
<br />
“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样一个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣个黑锅背一辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
<br />
"Whether his hat had been taken off or not, it was all the same. If one has such a family, he could not shake it off. But you want to have the injustice and carry it for the rest of your life. How silly you are!"<br />
<br />
“我乐意……”<br />
<br />
"I don’t care…"<br />
<br />
“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍白,四肢麻木,像是一个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
<br />
"Don’t say any more! You are already his prisoner, standing on a cliff. You have to break off with him, and never meet him again. If he writes to you, you hand it over to the organization to deal with!" Lanying sat in a corner of the room, pale and numb, like a rebel on trial. What did she have to say? A simple-hearted girl confided in others the secret of love for the first time, who should receive happy congratulations. However, she received brutal reprimand and forced interferences, and it was useless to argue with them. She dragged herself back to the dormitory.<br />
<br />
更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她,好像她做了什么亏心事。一颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
<br />
What was harder to bear was the mute weight. Her classmates looked at her with scorn and whispered about her as if she had done something against conscience. A pearl once held in the palm of the hand suddenly became the object of ridicule, so that she tasted the fickleness of the world, the ups and downs of fate, and aroused a strong feeling of rebellion.<br />
<br />
她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨——爸爸生前的战友。<br />
<br />
She wrote a letter and sent it to an aunt in Hangzhou, a former comrade of her father.<br />
<br />
阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
<br />
The aunt soon sent a telegram, asking her to go to Hangzhou and talking with her face to face.<br />
<br />
兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空一样阴郁。<br />
<br />
When she arrived in Hangzhou, it was drizzling. The aunt took her to her residence, and was very hospitable with smile, trying to make her happy. However, Lanying's face looked sad, as gloomy as the sky.<br />
<br />
“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说，“我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
<br />
"What if you worry yourself into illness?” The aunt said, "Let me go out for a walk with you.”<br />
<br />
她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
<br />
They went to Orioles Singing in the Willows of the West Lake with an umbrella.<br />
<br />
西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
<br />
The West Lake was silvery gray in front of Lanying. The sky was silver, and the water was silver. The atmosphere was drifting with silver powder that looked like rain but not rain, which he could not feel, and her clothes seemed to be getting wet but not.<br />
<br />
兰英的眉心舒展 了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
<br />
Lanying felt more comfortable: "The scenery here is so beautiful!"<br />
<br />
“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢，”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍一个男朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证会喜欢他……”<br />
<br />
"It is worth coming here, right. There is another happy thing," said the aunt with a smile, "I’ll introduce to you a boyfriend. He is a member of the party and does confidential work in the army. He is handsome and you are well-matched in age. I’m sure that as long as you are willing to meet him, you are going to like him…"<br />
<br />
兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
<br />
Lanying was on the alert at once: "Did you invite me here just for this?"<br />
<br />
阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养感情嘛……”<br />
<br />
The aunt said: "I’m doing this for your own good. The relationship needs to be cultivated. You don’t have a relationship with him now, but you can cultivate it…"<br />
<br />
姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进一团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲径好像布满陷阱。一种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。给你!”<br />
<br />
The girl only felt that her chest was stuffed with a mess. The beautiful scenery of the West Lake had become nasty, and the winding path under her feet seemed to be fraught with pitfalls. A feeling of being fooled came over her, and she said angrily: "I don't want to see anyone. Here you are!"<br />
<br />
兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
<br />
Lanying shoved the umbrella into the aunt's hand, turned and ran away through the cold rain. Behind her, the lake water lapped at the shore, making a rhythmic sound, like heaving sighs…<br />
<br />
回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
<br />
Back to the residence, the first thing Lanying did was to pack things, ready to return to Suzhou. The aunt came over and said calmly, "Lanying, I know your temper. Once you have decided something, no one can persuade you…"<br />
<br />
“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
<br />
"I appreciate that you know it." The girl said tonelessly.<br />
<br />
“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好好谈谈吧……”<br />
<br />
"I have only one request." said the aunt, "Since you came to Hangzhou, it does not hurt to stay one more day. Let's talk about it in the evening…"<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
<br />
At night, Lanying and the aunt sat face to face by lamplight.<br />
<br />
“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I trust your eyes. The person you like must be good." The aunt said calmly. “Our party implements a policy of uniting and reforming intellectuals, and people like him still have a role to play."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "I thought the same thing…"<br />
<br />
“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们一些好处。打个比喻吧,好比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那些人再好,也不能使用。你多想一想吧……”<br />
<br />
"But let me tell you more detailed information." The aunt said, "At present, we do not have a team of intellectuals of our own. If we don’t rely on them, who can we rely on? If we want to use them, we have to give them some benefits. To use an analogy, it is like a jelly bean to coax children. The little sweetness will soon melt. When our own team grows up, they can’t be used anymore no matter how good they are. Think more about it…”<br />
<br />
姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头一次听说,在政策的背后还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
<br />
After the girl listened to the thorough analysis, she was bewildered. She heard for the first time that there were policies behind a policy. The infinite mysteries of life were enough for her to digest slowly.<br />
<br />
这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。一个势单力孤的女子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越 ,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为一个农家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
<br />
That night, Lanying lost sleep. At the deadest time of the night, she was thinking about the painter who was far away and gradually came to realize that there were more serious obstacles between them than ice, snow, storms, mountains and rivers. A weak woman, powerless to push away the weight of society, tradition and mentality, felt that the future was infinitely uncertain. Did the girl regret having fallen in love with him? She could not find a reason to condemn herself. Their love was witnessed by the green hill and bright moon, without a trace of dust. She could only regret that she came from a privileged background and was fully favored, so that her love was also shackled. The girl would rather be reborn again for him… She fell asleep in a daze and had a sweet dream that she was transformed into a farm girl and met the painter among the white mountain and the black water. The whole world was pure as if it was covered with silver and jade… When she woke up, she found that it was just a delusional dream. The fate had been doomed, and everything was irreversible. The girl was desperate, with hot tears like a broken line of beads, from the cheeks constantly rolling down...<br />
<br />
第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看一看就会明白的。”<br />
<br />
The next day, the aunt put a magazine in front of Lanying: "This is what I found from the library, you will understand if you read it."<br />
<br />
这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到一篇文章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的一小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的题目——<br />
<br />
It was a magazine of ''Fine Arts'' published in that year. With trembling hands, Lanying opened the pages and found an article. The article criticized an oil painting by Yuan Yunsheng and included a photo of it. What was that? The painting was shrunken into a small and pitiful piece that could not be seen clearly. The girl finally found the title of the painting--<br />
<br />
水乡记忆<br />
<br />
Memory of the Water Town<br />
<br />
“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
<br />
"It’s okay. It’s okay. It would burn if you continue frying it."<br />
<br />
“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
<br />
"Be gentle, don't let others hear it."<br />
<br />
“我先尝尝——哈,又香又脆!”<br />
<br />
"Let me taste it first--ha, it’s delicious and crispy!"<br />
<br />
“放开肚皮吧 ,反正不花钱……”<br />
<br />
"Tuck in. It doesn’t cost money anyway…"<br />
<br />
袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng lying in bed, heard the laughter, the sizzle of boiling oil, and the greedy sound of chewing from next door, along with the aroma of fried oil cakes, keeping him awake at night. <br />
<br />
这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择一处乡土气息浓厚的地区深入生活 ,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓库隔壁的一间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传口号消失了,生理本能在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是一出率先占有填充材料的喜剧。<br />
<br />
This was the warehouse of the production team, located in a small town near Suzhou. Not long ago, Yuan Yunsheng returned to the Central Academy of Fine Arts from Shuangqiao Farm, and got back to Professor Dong Xiwen's studio to learn from him. The teacher suggested him to choose an area with a strong local flavor to plunge into the thick of life, collecting materials for his graduation work. He came to a town in the regions south of the Yangtze River and was assigned to a hut next to the production team's warehouse as the accommodation. It was a time of national economic hardship, and the water town, which was praised as “the earthly paradise", was also facing the threat of starvation. The fanatical slogan that was once popular disappeared and physiological instincts took effect in people, which was first shown in the town's cadres. In order to fill a few people’s bellies, they went harm to the group, compressing others’ bellies. The late-night performance was a comedy of being the first to take possession of the filling material.<br />
<br />
袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng rolled over in bed, causing a few rats to crawl out beside the pillow and hop around on him.<br />
<br />
“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
<br />
"There’s a noise!" The man next door said, "Should we ask that painter to come?"<br />
<br />
“别理他!”<br />
<br />
"Don’t mind him!"<br />
<br />
……<br />
<br />
这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预一下也无可厚非 。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
<br />
This was the material of real life! Paint it. Since "art was subordinate to politics", there was nothing wrong with intervening in such life. The painter lay in bed, his heart flowing with the feeling of concerning for the country and the people.<br />
<br />
然而,夜间的梦寐 并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
<br />
However, the dream at night did not leave the painter with a deep impression. He had his own understanding of the function of art. He came here for pursuit of the beauty in life, and the dust of life could not cloud the artist's heart of gold. The place he went to during the day gave satisfaction to his pursuit. A few weeks later, he returned to Beijing with everything that he wanted.<br />
<br />
回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,一股不可遏制的创作冲动驱使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去一个晚上的时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
<br />
One day after returning to Beijing, he leaned on his bed and thought after dinner. An uncontrollable impulse of creation drove him to pick up the brush and readily draw on the draft paper, the tip of the brush as smooth as floating clouds and flowing water. In only one night, he sketched out his graduation work.<br />
<br />
他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
<br />
He took the sketch to visit Teacher Dong Xiwen. The teacher looked at it and said: "I think it is distinctive. The workload is not small. Get on with it!"<br />
<br />
他把行李卷、画布和油彩,一股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上一摊,不分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
<br />
He moved the bedding roll, canvases and oil paints into the large warehouse of the college. This warehouse was used to store large-scale cultural relics, including a tall stone camel, an excavated stone horse and a stone tiger in front of the tomb of the Han Dynasty general Huo Qubing. The floor was covered with thick dust, and the walls were covered with cobwebs, like a gloomy old castle. He spread the bedding roll on the floor, and worked day and night. The stone tiger and horse watched a young painter working like a maniac. Two months later, Yuan Yunsheng asked someone to help him lift out a huge oil painting.<br />
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这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
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The painting was titled ''Memory of the Water Town''.<br />
<br />
《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优 ”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的分数都不肯给。<br />
<br />
''Memory of the Water Town'' became the topic of conversation in the circle of art. The doyens of painting such as Dong Xiwen, Ye Qianyu and Huang Yongyu praised it, who argued that his graduation grade should be “excellent”. Some others shook their heads and frowned, refusing to give him even a passing grade.<br />
<br />
水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
<br />
What was the memory of the water town for the young painter?<br />
<br />
画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
<br />
In the picture is a small bridge common in Suzhou, which is the style of traditional architectural left over from the Ming Dynasty, with exquisite structure, decorated with delicate sculpted reliefs. The two sides of the bridge show the houses, streets and the lively scene of the market trading during the Spring Festival.<br />
<br />
看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。一个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开一张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。一个淳朴的小女孩刚才卖掉一只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着一桩桩美好的故事——人们在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
<br />
Look, there are people setting up the stage for Beijing opera performance, there are people selling New Year's pictures, and there are people selling grain and vegetables, so lively. A beautiful country girl spreads out a newspaper at her feet and sets bunches of flowers on it, expecting people to visit. A simple little girl has just sold a lamb. Perhaps because the cute little animal was fed by her hands when growing up, she sees it being taken away, showing a look of melancholy... With the strong national style and local customs and practices, the painter drew hundreds of lifelike characters, around the stone bridge to tell good stories -- people exchanged their results of hard work a year here, and were pleased and gratified by the rich and colorful folk recreations.<br />
<br />
桥下是一泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
<br />
Under the bridge is clear, rippling and sparkling. The dark-awninged boats, small wooden boats and barges carrying purchases for the Spring Festival are so close to each other, and brush past the others. The boatmen are all humble, avoiding each other, and quickly giving the way for the neighboring boats. A young man lies leisurely on the bow of the boat, the sunlight sprinkling over his face, and thinks with a vision of the future…<br />
<br />
这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举世无双的韧性——走向明天!<br />
<br />
Weren’t the small bridge and the river the reappearance of our national features! Our nation suffered a lot, and was at a very difficult time; however, our indomitable national spirit was not destroyed by the disaster. We were strong, confident and optimistic, emphasized courtesy, and maintained great dignity, with a slow rhythm, calm pace, and resilience that was unparalleled in the world--towards tomorrow!<br />
<br />
谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
<br />
Who could have guessed that the original idea of this painting was conceived in that hut in the water town, that shady with mice hopping around, adjacent to the evil. What a contrast between the hard work of the people, the innocence of the painter, and the greed, selfishness and deceit just a wall away! The painter brushed away the shadows of life, and used painting language to express his deep love for his country and people with good wishes. This was the self-analysis of the painter's mind and character!<br />
<br />
当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩 ,年画的敦厚朴实和壁画的装饰趣味。<br />
<br />
When ''Memory of the Water Town'' was put on public display, hanging in the auditorium of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, the response from the audience was enthusiastic. Some people left comments, some took pictures, and some copied it. Just in terms of its innovation in artistic style, people were amazed by it. The author put aside the "three unities" of plot devices of Western oil painting and the traditional perspective rules, and adopted the ingenious technique of cavalier perspective of Chinese painting, so as to make the independent stories on the picture blend together. When portraying the characters, the author masterly used the tools of Western oil painting, boldly used line modeling, and absorbed the exaggeration of the ancient art of pottery figurines to depict images of the figures with different expressions. The painting had the splendor and magnificence of oil painting, the exact delineation and heavy colors of Chinese painting, the sincerity and simplicity of New Year’s picture and the decorative interest of fresco. <br />
<br />
把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为一炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿了吧！<br />
<br />
It was the author's dream to integrate the ancient and modern, Chinese and Western painting arts into one. His dream should come true!<br />
<br />
但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
<br />
However, the fate of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was suddenly reversed, which was taken off the wall of the exhibition hall and thrown into the garbage dump where scraps were stored. Later, a young man who loved table tennis found its value and dragged it behind the table to use it as a baffle to block the ball. Later, a student from the art history department felt bad for it and secretly cut it down with a scissor, folded it up, and pressed it under the bed in the dormitory. However, the college reported it to the police in panic, bringing in the comrades in the department of public safety to enter the college to reconnoiter, as if searching for an indecent prohibited thing. Finally, the enthusiastic collector had to hand it over, and the campus loudspeaker immediately broadcasted that it was "another victory in paying great attention to class struggle".<br />
<br />
离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着一堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的路口只亮着一盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
<br />
Was it bizarre? Not really. The climate was changing, three years of hardship passed, the fairs trade in the countryside was banned, and the days of hunger were forgotten. Today's politics made new requirements on yesterday's art, and it was time for the painter to be spanked. The author of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was faced with lots of questions that he could never answer: Why didn't you paint a tractor? Why didn't you paint the wheat field with a good harvest? Why didn't paint… Among all the criticisms, no one had ever accused him of not painting the scene next door that night, though such phenomena were a well-known fact. There was only one green light at the intersection of literary criticism: turning left. The artist who stayed true to the art went straight ahead and was denounced as being too "right".<br />
<br />
中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出作者的艺术才能。”<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, once said with emotion: "If this painting had not been damaged, and had been put on display, I can predict that the audience would have rehabilitated him. Even in this tentative work, we can see the artistic talent of the author."<br />
<br />
只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世——其中也包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, the remains of the painting couldn’t be found. The only memorial it had left was a pathetically small picture, accompanied by a critical article that sounded plausible, published in a corner of ''Fine Arts''. The painter should feel honored that it was the first time his work had been made into a zincograph, and printed, spreading around the world--including the one in front of Lanying.<br />
<br />
月台边<br />
<br />
At the Edge of the Platform<br />
<br />
兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
<br />
The second morning Lanying spent in Hangzhou was the most painful time for her.<br />
<br />
阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子 ,还会累及子女。<br />
<br />
The aunt stood beside her as her guardian, and pointed to the magazine as if she had found a powerful proof. The aunt said that a man like Yuan Yunsheng would not correct his mistake, and others would not tolerate him. It would be a lifelong mistake to combine with him, never seeing the light in the future and implicating the children.<br />
<br />
那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘与画家结合 的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
<br />
The magazine did not frighten the girl’s love away, but made her feel the seriousness of the problem. It seemed that it was not only the aunt, the college, but also the whole society that prevented her from being bound with the painter. It seemed that everyone except the girl was cursing him and splashing dirty water on the painter. Did the girl still have the courage to go towards him? Talking about the future children, those innocent babies that would follow the adults and spend their whole life in the mud, Lanying's heart was softened.<br />
<br />
这是一场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
<br />
It was an irresistible spiritual siege. Lanying hunched over the table and burst into tears…<br />
<br />
阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效力,递过一支笔、一张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
<br />
Seeing the effect of her good intention, the aunt handed over a pen and a piece of paper: "Writing him a letter and making it clear, you’ll feel comfortable. If he really loves you, he will not give you trouble again…"<br />
<br />
兰英接过纸笔。<br />
<br />
Lanying took the paper and pen.<br />
<br />
她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家能够得到另一个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后一个字,信纸上满是斑斑泪痕。<br />
<br />
She wrote a very firm statement, cutting off communication with the painter, and didn’t explain anything. She took the responsibility, saying that she was willing to pay the lifelong price for her impulse and would never get married again. In her letter, she wished the painter to get another girl who would love him as much as she did… When she finished the letter, it was blotted with tears.<br />
<br />
阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
<br />
The aunt took it over to have a look and sighed: "Look, the handwriting was wet with tears. It’ll make him suspect that you are not really want to break up with him ......"<br />
<br />
“本来就是被迫的！”兰英没好气地说。<br />
<br />
"It was forced!" Lanying said angrily.<br />
<br />
阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
<br />
The aunt finally got the written pledge and was relieved, sealing the envelope with her own hands, sticking a stamp on it, and taking it to the post office.<br />
<br />
兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将把信撕得粉碎,一赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下 ,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净……<br />
<br />
Lanying returned to Suzhou from Hangzhou, and felt every day like a year, repeatedly imagining the painter's reaction. The painter would be furious, wouldn’t he? Lanying really did not want to add a new scar to the painter's heart, which had been badly wounded, so she did not write irritating words in the letter. But the painter would understand the reason for the change. The letter had already constituted a contempt and insult to him. Would he rip it up and decide not to write back in a fit of anger? Or would he bow to his fate and fall into a depression? Or, the girl's worries were superfluous. Men were men, who were easy come and easy go. He would wipe the girl out of his memory, completely forgetting her.<br />
<br />
兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
<br />
The last thing that Lanying wanted to happen was the latter situation.<br />
<br />
画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
<br />
The painter wrote back with stiff words. He agreed to break up, without a hint of a pleading tone, with only one last condition, asking Lanying to come to Changchun and explain the reason face to face.<br />
<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
<br />
Like hearing an echo from an empty valley, Lanying ran into the college office clasping the letter.<br />
<br />
姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
<br />
The girl placed the letter on the table and said: "Please allow me to go to Changchun."<br />
<br />
对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
<br />
After reading the painter's letter, the other party looked up and asked, "Is this the last meeting?"<br />
<br />
“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
<br />
"Yes." The girl said, "We're very determined."<br />
<br />
学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
<br />
The college could not say the reason for refusing the girl and let her go. On the day of the girl’s departure, the school made a long-distance call to Changchun, asking the painter's unit to cooperate and pay attention to the actions of Lanying and the painter, promoting both sides to break off the relationship.<br />
<br />
火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人头攒动的月台上,她一眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
<br />
The train was flying along, the vast fields passing outside the window. The girl was anxious. She was longing for the scenery of the Northeast in her dream before, but this journey didn’t leave any impression on her. She only remembered the moment the train arrived in Changchun, when she saw the painter with a pale face at a glance on the crowded platform.<br />
<br />
兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
<br />
When Lanying stepped out of the train, the painter was coming up. He still held the sketchbook in his hand, pretending to be calm. However, his tired and dark look, holding back great pain, could not escape the girl's keen eyes. It was exactly what the girl hoped to see, and a thrill of joy rose in her heart. <br />
<br />
画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
<br />
The painter stopped at the edge of the platform, keeping a few steps from the girl.<br />
<br />
“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
<br />
"Please answer now," the painter's voice was like the low roar of a wild animal, "why do you change your mind? Why do you bend to the will of others?"<br />
<br />
姑娘把旅行袋往前一递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听懂是什么意思。<br />
<br />
The girl handed her travel bag forward: "Do you think I come to Changchun to negotiate with you?" The painter was stunned, not understanding what it meant.<br />
<br />
“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑一趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
<br />
"You fool! If I want to break up with you, do I need to come all the way here?" The girl smiled sweetly, "There is a long way to go, and you need to be tested!"<br />
<br />
明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解——那些无尽无休的劝说、挑唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
<br />
The bright sunlight returned to the painter's face. He even forgot to pick up the girl's bag, and was so excited that he didn’t know what to do. The girl dodged back a little, really afraid that the guy who lost his mind in front of him would throw himself into her arms in full view of a large crowd with no regard for the customs of the country… The consensus reached the Changchun negotiation--those endless persuasions, instigation and restraint were really tiresome that decisive actions had to be taken to get rid of it.<br />
<br />
兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同财产,是一条印花双人床单。在一间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
<br />
Lanying and the painter married in the summer vacation after graduation. The wedding was held in Changchun, without relatives officiating, and classmates congratulating. The only gift they received was a blouse given by Yuan Yunfu to his sister-in-law; the new common property was a printed double bed sheet. In a temporary borrowed hut, they performed a solemn ceremony of life. Lanying spent her honeymoon in disassembling and washing the bedding for the former bachelor. The short honeymoon ended as Lanying's reporting date approached.<br />
<br />
人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
<br />
The Queen Mother of the world was not willing to give in after all, and deliberately laid a galaxy between them.<br />
<br />
兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽容——除了东北三省之外,其他任何一个城市都行。实心眼儿的 姑娘把手指放在地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
<br />
Lanying's place of work was chosen from the map. When she was assigned after graduation, the college gave her lenient conditions--any city except the three provinces of the northeast. The honest girl put her finger on the map and found the nearest place to the Northeast along the railway line. Her finger crossed Beijing, Tianjin, and rested on a small circle south of Shanhaiguan: Tangshan. She thought that it was the ideal crossing of the Milky Way on earth.<br />
<br />
她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着一块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生活无法自理。直到这时,她才感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
<br />
Not long after she arrived in Tangshan, she was caught in an "unprecedented" storm. With marches, rebellions, and two factions fighting with each other with machetes and spears, the whole city fell into primitive tribal strife. Lanying was alone and lived in uncertainty in troubled times. The annual visits to her husband comforted her a little in spirit. Later, she was pregnant. The overwork and poor living conditions caused Lanying to suffer from lumbar spine strain. Her back was like carrying a heavy iron plate, and she couldn’t roll over in bed. There was no one to make fires in the house, and the flimsy door and windows could not withstand the cold wind. The lumbar disease made her stiff and unable to take care of herself. By this time, she felt that she needed her husband by her side so much…<br />
<br />
画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到一份工作,又赶到唐山,好不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户口的证件。至此,他们已经两地分居六年了。<br />
<br />
The painter went around and asked, and finally found a job for his wife in a hospital in Changchun, and then rushed to Tangshan. With difficulty, he passed many hurdles and got the documents to switch his wife’s job and transfer her registered permanent residence. So far, they had been living apart for six years.<br />
<br />
兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西——优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。耿耿 银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
<br />
When Lanying sat on the train, the platform in Changchun moving in front of her eyes again, she could not help but have mixed feelings. For six years, she lost a lot of things out of her own volition--a bright future in politics, a beautiful youth and excellent conditions. The corners of her pretty eyes were covered with worry lines, and her beautiful cheeks became sallow with a gaunt appearance. She paid a huge price for the ordinary life of ordinary people, and a charge of "the family member of a rightist whose hat was taken off”. The Milky Way was in front of her, and there were the same strict rituals in heaven and on earth. <br />
<br />
陋室铭<br />
<br />
The Humble Room<br />
<br />
破木桌上摊开一张纸片,一只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
<br />
A piece of paper was spread out on the broken wooden table, and a small hand holding the brush, applied watercolor to the paper. Round, square and irregular blocks of color appeared under the brush, representing different still life: the round one was a washtub, the square one was an old wooden box, and the irregular one was a diaper on a clothesline…<br />
<br />
这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
<br />
It was the artist's son sketching. He was born in Changchun, and no matter how difficult the path of his parents' life was, he grew up according to the laws of nature, until he was old enough to grasp a brush with his little hand. <br />
<br />
小屋只有14平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, 一排大连铺占去三分之二的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
<br />
The house was only 14 square meters. A little sister added to the family, and four of them were crammed into a small space, with a large bed taking up two thirds of the area. The broken wooden table in front of the window was the dad's workbench at ordinary times, and the son's bed at night. The rest of the space was for cooking and washing clothes, and there was no extra space.<br />
<br />
眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
<br />
The artist's son had painted the scene in front of him more than once, which was his first subject of contact with life. This lovely third generation in new China repeatedly painted with the most beautiful colors in his young mind, and had accumulated dozens of sketches. Whenever the neighbors came to visit, he would take out his works and show them off in front of them. However, the comments he heard were very disappointing: "Alas, Lanying, why does your precious son only paint the slums?"<br />
<br />
兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
<br />
Lanying gave a wry smile. What could she say? All her son painted were things in her house.<br />
<br />
兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头一样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
<br />
After Lanying moved to Changchun, she took on heavy housework and lived a hard life. She was used to eating ready-made meals in the canteen before, and never cooked; by this time, she was distressed to find that it was more difficult to steam the corn cake without turning souring than to perform a surgical operation in the hospital. For a long time, the steamed corn cakes, steamed bread of corn and steamed buns that the whole family ate were unbearably sour and hard like stones. The children still gobbled them up as if they natively tasted like that.<br />
<br />
家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱一个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭 。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
<br />
The family's finances were tight. The total income of two college graduates could not keep up with the increase of family members and the rise of commodity prices. The son was lucky enough to eat cake for a few days when he was a child. When it was the daughter's turn, the parents could no longer afford to buy cakes, so they had to buy bread that was a dime per piece to give the children a treat. Later, the parents brought home discounted black bread. Even so, the children were so happy, smiling from ear to ear.<br />
<br />
他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
<br />
They pinched and scraped, but still spent more than their income. At the end of every month, Lanying and the painter would empty out their pockets face to face.<br />
<br />
“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, we haven't bought the meat for this month yet." Lanying said.<br />
<br />
“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
<br />
"Let’s buy it." The painter said, "It's Sunday. It’s time to improve a meal."<br />
<br />
妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服口袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
<br />
The wife had been penniless for a while. The painter turned his pockets inside out to scrap up enough money to buy a catty of meat.<br />
<br />
儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
<br />
The son, who had already prepared a small snow sled and waited there, took the money and ran away with joy.<br />
<br />
过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
<br />
After a while, the son's cheer came from the door: "Come on, the meat is bought back!"<br />
<br />
画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
<br />
The painter and his wife ran out to greet it, but they were stunned: "Where's the meat?"<br />
<br />
儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚才他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤肉颠得没影了……<br />
<br />
My son looked back and saw that the snow sled was empty. He was too happy and run too fast, the catty of meat tossed away…<br />
<br />
“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
<br />
As the "buyer" had never failed in his duty, he became downhearted this time. The painter and Lanying had to comfort their son, holding his embarrassed little face and laughing.<br />
<br />
儿子也笑了。一场精神上的欢笑 代替了假日的会餐。<br />
<br />
The son laughed too. A time of mirth in spirit replaced the holiday meal.<br />
<br />
在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, the so-called "spiritual aristocrats" were finding jobs for themselves. Some decorated the facade of restaurants and hotels, painting some pictures to exchange bottles of wine and whole cases of fish. Some were busy with their household sidelines, producing modern furniture by hand. Others worked as art tutors, and if the students they taught had good backgrounds, their situations would soon be improved. But Yuan Yunsheng did not get any "extra money" and did not look for a way out. He was very busy. He worked during the day, honestly completing the tasks given to him and trying not to be faulted; after he came back home at night, he indulged in painting, steeping himself in his beloved art, and didn’t have time to do the housework.<br />
<br />
在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似的想点办法?”<br />
<br />
At the most difficult time for the family, Lanying said to Yunsheng in a tentative tone, "Could you think of some ways like others?"<br />
<br />
“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
<br />
"Think of what?" The painter asked in amazement.<br />
<br />
“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合过得去……”<br />
<br />
"I don't ask for anything more." The wife said, "I mean, if possible, to make life at home barely get by..."<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head: "There is a way. But that would wreck my art!"<br />
<br />
妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题一搁,永远不再提起。<br />
<br />
The wife knew the weight of the word "art" in her husband's heart. The subject was put aside, and never mentioned again.<br />
<br />
兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥一顿饱一顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣服洗一洗吧。”<br />
<br />
Lanying was sick from exhaustion, tortured by the pain of lumbar spine strain, and sometimes had to stay in bed. Whenever it happened, the sky of the family collapsed and everything was in chaos. The whole family ate erratically; when the children's clothes were dirty, they didn’t have others to change; the sheets were splattered with the painter's oil, like a canvas of an abstract painter... As a medical worker, Lanying had minimum requirements for sanitation. She could not tolerate it anymore, lying in bed and commending the painter: "Wash the sheets and clothes today."<br />
<br />
“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干一场。<br />
<br />
"Okay." The husband obediently put down the brush and rolled up his sleeves as if he was about to get some things done.<br />
<br />
他把床单和衣服泡了满满一盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他一忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;一忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
<br />
He soaked a full tub of sheets and clothes. As he washed, his hands on the washboard slowed down, and his eyes rested on the opposite wall. There hung a new painting, with the oil not yet dry. One minute he tilted his head sideways, looking pleased with himself; the next he frowned, as if he had found something unsatisfactory.<br />
<br />
他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
<br />
He stood up sharply, wiped his soapy hands on his breast, took a brush, and jumped on the bench, making some changes on the painting.<br />
<br />
兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过一丝苦笑。<br />
<br />
Lanying lay on the bed, with a wry smile flitting across the corner of his mouth.<br />
<br />
画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
<br />
The painter jumped off the bench and went back to the washtub. After a while, he couldn't help looking up at the wall again...<br />
<br />
一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,一共跳了多少次?”<br />
<br />
The day passed. He finally finished washing a tub of clothes, taking more than seven hours on it, and did not have time to cook. The whole family was hungry. Lanying, angry and amused, asked humorously, "Hey, how many times did you jump up and down from the bench?"<br />
<br />
画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
<br />
The painter shook his head blankly.<br />
<br />
兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪——整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
<br />
Lanying said: "You do not remember. I counted it for you--twenty times! Oh, what am I gonna do about you? When doing housework, you are lazy than anyone; when picking up the brush, you are more diligent than anyone..."<br />
<br />
天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入睡;儿子一沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另一只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
<br />
It was dark, and snow fell heavily outside the window, like tearing the cotton wool. Lanying, looking at the ceiling, wasn’t able to sleep; as soon as her son touched the pillow, he fell into a sound and sweet sleep. In the other corner of the hut, under the dim light, the painter was rocking his daughter with one hand, while the other hand was holding a brush and painting. He hummed an improvised lullaby, the song echoing softly in the hut...<br />
<br />
漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
<br />
They spent many nights like this in the long winter.<br />
<br />
兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为一个正直的画家的妻子的全部甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
<br />
The husband’s humming rang in Lanying’s ears, and she silently sank in thought. When she first fell in love with him, she admired his integrity and loyalty to art. Now, she had experienced all the joys and sorrows of being the wife of an upright painter. He was content with being poor and lonely. He didn’t have a normal family life, couldn’t see the light at the end of the tunnel, only asking for work, not the harvest... Who but his wife really understood him? He not only was not understood by the society, but he was also identified as a bad man, with sticks always waving above his head. Whenever thinking of these, the pain of the poor couple's disharmony dissipated, and the wife's heart turned into a spring water, full of female tenderness.<br />
<br />
她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
<br />
She thought, if two people shared the housework, they would get nothing done. Even if she had a terrible backache tomorrow, she had to bite the bullet and get up, bearing the heavy load of housework...<br />
<br />
车轮下<br />
<br />
Under the Wheels<br />
<br />
袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng slept late at night and when he rubbed his eyes the next morning, it was already broad daylight outside the window. "Shit!" He dressed frantically, "I'll be late again..."<br />
<br />
兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为一家人做早饭。<br />
<br />
Lanying had already got up, enduring the back pain, and was making breakfast for the family.<br />
<br />
画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
<br />
The painter asked in amazement, "Who told you to get up? You are not well yet!"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺一躺。”画家匆匆吃过早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
<br />
Lanying said, "It's nothing, I'm still on sick leave anyway. I can still lie down after you leave." The painter hurriedly ate the breakfast, pushed the bicycle and rushed out the door.<br />
<br />
在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过一场大雪,北风一刮,马路上结着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, it was the season when dripping water turned into ice and the breath from the mouth immediately turned to frost. After a heavy snowfall, and when the north wind blew, the roads were thick with ice. The trees on the roadside were covered with silver flowers, and the buildings shone with a dazzling silver glow like a richly decorated jade palace.<br />
<br />
画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命 的时刻。<br />
<br />
The painter was very anxious. Early in the morning, for others was the beginning of the day's work, but for him was the continuation of the night's work. The turn of day and night was the moment when he was busy running around and exhausted.<br />
<br />
人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
<br />
How many ordeals there were in life! Social, natural and accidental...<br />
<br />
穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽听一阵隆隆的马达声。一辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
<br />
Through a street, there was a busy intersection ahead, cars running like the tide. He rode forward cautiously, and suddenly heard a rumble of motors. A reckless truck crossed the intersection, refusing to slow down, as if there was no one else there. <br />
With fast speed, slippery ground, and without preparation, the painter had been too late to dodge it. A crush with a sound of bang, the painter flew far away with the car and fell to the ground. Just then, another truck came from the opposite side, and the painter was passed under the wheels of the truck like a ball...<br />
<br />
街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
<br />
When the people in the street saw this scene of tragedy, they screamed and froze there.<br />
<br />
卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
<br />
The truck driver lost his composure, forgetting to brake in the panic, and putting his right foot on the accelerator and drove on. The truck's big wheels ran over the bicycle, the steel frame uttered a short groan, and the bicycle seat was crushed into a ball. The truck kept going towards the painter.<br />
<br />
这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸口一轧,就算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
<br />
It was a moment of pain, a moment of approaching death. It was over. As soon as the car rolled over his chest, his life was over. He had suffered repeatedly on the road of life, and had never been willing to give in to the fate, but this time he was afraid that he would not be able to escape. He left his beloved art, his wife and children, and died meaninglessly...<br />
<br />
按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同情——预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头——抗争！<br />
<br />
According to Goethe, people could only have three feelings about their own sufferings and that of others: fear, terror and sympathy--the anxiety of foreseeing the coming catastrophe, the unexpected discovery of current suffering and the sympathy for the suffering of the time or the past. However, the painter, who fell under the wheel, had none of these three feelings in the hazy consciousness that flashed through his mind. Even at such a moment, he showed his stubborn character, and had only one strong thought--to struggle!<br />
<br />
接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
<br />
What happened next was unbelievable to the startled roadside pedestrians. They saw the body that fell under the truck suddenly straightened up, stretching out a pair of arms, and clinging to the front bumper of the truck. The truck roared and shook, as if to destroy the barrier; the person under the wheels struggled, slid, and refused to give up. People in the streets of Changchun saw a scene of flesh and blood stubbornly fighting with the steel monster.<br />
<br />
“千万不能倒下！”画家想,“一倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
<br />
"I must not fall down!" The painter thought, "If I fall down, I'll never get up again..."<br />
<br />
卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
<br />
The truck dragged the painter along the icy road, for 5 meters, 10 meters... Until the driver regained his normal reflexes, he hit the brake, overcoming the car's inertia.<br />
<br />
画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
<br />
The painter was injured seriously and his clothes were torn into ragged strips. He was taken to the hospital.<br />
<br />
抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天才清醒过来。<br />
<br />
When Lanying, who was sick at home, heard the news, there was a buzz in her head, and she felt that the sky was spinning, and her legs went limp. It took her a long time to wake.<br />
<br />
兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾一切地赶到医院。存车的时候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙怎么也拔不出来。<br />
<br />
Lanying got on her bicycle and, not knowing where she got the strength, she rushed to the hospital regardless. When she stored the car, she lost strength again. She could hardly look at the hospital door, her hands were shaking, and she could not pull the key out.<br />
<br />
存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚才进医院的时候,自己还能走路。”<br />
<br />
The old lady at the parking lots recognized Lanying: "You are Yuan's lover, right? Don't be afraid. He just walked into the hospital by himself."<br />
<br />
兰英这才觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
<br />
Lanying felt relieved now.<br />
<br />
兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫妻双双躺在床上。<br />
<br />
Lanying took her husband home to recover from his injuries. After this mental stimulation, the sick wife’s body was heavier. Both the couple lay in bed.<br />
<br />
孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和女儿一人捧回一包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
<br />
The child was left unattended. Lanying took out a few cents and asked the children to buy food. After a while, the son and daughter each brought back a packet of cookies, standing by the bed with tears in their eyes.<br />
<br />
儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
<br />
The son said, "Dad, eat this."<br />
<br />
女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
<br />
The daughter said, "Daddy, eat mine."<br />
<br />
兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿......<br />
<br />
Lanying took the children into her arms, wiping away the tears on their little faces for both of them. The children understood the family situation and tasted the desolation and fears of life too soon. Lanying only regrated that she couldn’t have more money to give her husband and children a little spiritual and physical compensation...<br />
<br />
画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰问。他们留下一百块钱赔偿经济损失——画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
<br />
While the painter was recovering from his injuries, the driver who caused the accident and the head of his unit came to his house to apologize and express sympathy. They left a hundred yuan to compensate for the economic loss--the painter's clothes, bicycle and medical expenses.<br />
<br />
客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
<br />
After the guests left, the painter sat on the bed, deep in thought.<br />
<br />
兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看一眼也令人伤心。<br />
<br />
Lanying looked at the pile of money and sighed sadly. Because her husband got it by escaping from death, she was sad even by glancing at it.<br />
<br />
画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
<br />
The painter suddenly got out of bed and paced around the house.<br />
<br />
“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, are you crazy?" His wife said with the tone of blame, "Your leg is not yet healed. Back to bed!"<br />
<br />
画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民——我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去！”<br />
<br />
The painter walked up to his wife, his eyes shining with excitement, "Look, I can walk! You know, I haven't gone out to paint for a long time, because I don't have that condition. How I long for the grassland in northern Shaanxi, the rushing Yellow River, and the people there--I'll take this money and go to Yan'an to paint from life!"<br />
<br />
这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是一个贫病交困的人的最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对一些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那样遥远,拼着性命才能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
<br />
This was the voice in the heart of the artist who just got up from under the wheel! This was the highest hope of a poor and sick man! His request was so limited, which didn’t matter to some people, but was so far away for him, who needed to fight for it with his life. Lanying felt like her chest was hit hard, with her heart burning, and ran out of words. She looked at her husband's sincere face, and understood it. Now that it could bring joy and satisfaction to him who longed to paint, then let him go.<br />
<br />
数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
<br />
A few days later, Yuan Yunsheng, dragging his unhealed body, carrying a heavy pack and painting tools, set off on a snowy and windy road with his wife's affectionate gaze...<br />
<br />
袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng went through difficulties on the trip to northern Shaanxi. As months went by, his face was engraved with the marks of the plateau sun and sandstorms, and he returned home with his bag full of sketches.<br />
<br />
袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,一举一动都受到街道居委会的监视。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing, he went to see Jiang Feng. At that time, the air in Beijing was suffocating. Jiang Feng was over 60 years old, whose situation was even worse than before. He lived alone in a messy compound, and his every move was monitored by the street committee.<br />
<br />
袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没有什么值得高兴的——中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路线走一遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng sat in front of the past the secretary of the Party Committee, bringing recent news of the old areas of northern Shaanxi. The news was nothing to cheer about--the People's Republic of China had been founded for more than twenty years, and everywhere he went along the route of the Red Army’s strategic shift, the people were still living in poverty. The young painter declaimed against the country’s failings, but suddenly thought that the walls have ears, and worried about the situation of the old man, so he dropped the subject and quietly looked at Jiang Feng.<br />
<br />
江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上挂着一幅画框,嵌着一张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng listened peacefully, looking calm, and had not intention of stopping him. On the wall behind him hung a framed sketch, which was exactly the one that Yuan Yunsheng painted for Jiang Feng in the Shuangqiao farm ten years ago. The old man maintained his inherent dignity as usual, and was a true tough man. Yuan Yunsheng experienced once again the spiritual power that calmed people down.<br />
<br />
袁运生打开画夹,把一组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng opened the portfolio and placed a group of sketches of people in northern Shaanxi in front of Jiang Feng, including a shepherd with a wrinkled face, a young people with a cold gaze showing disdain for everything, and a rural girl with her head bowed in contemplation... These characters were real and simple, with distinctive characters, and the unprovoked, unintelligible or artificial smiles that often appeared in general paintings could not be found on their faces. He painted the unique temperament of the people in northern Shaanxi.<br />
<br />
“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
<br />
"No one will publish these pictures if you take them out now." Jiang Feng said, "Maybe if you lose sincerity, you will get praise. But I think you are on the right way. The artist can't cater to the mass!"<br />
<br />
袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手一丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out another long scroll of landscape, 68 centimeters wide and more than 400 centimeters long. This painting depicted the lofty Jiaji Pagoda, the flowing water of the Yellow River that broke the ice, and the vast plateau scenery. It took him two whole days to stand in the cold wind and meticulously paint it with his frozen hands, and the strokes were rigorous and majestic.<br />
<br />
画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于1974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
<br />
In one corner of the picture were noted a few lines of small characters: "Written two days after painting at the end of December 1974, when the Yellow River water just broke the ice and flowed on."<br />
<br />
江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他说:“呵,黄河!一泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声音……"<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng extremely liked it after looking at it. The familiar scenery in northern Shaanxi in the picture evoked the strong feelings of the veteran of Yan’an. He said, "Oh, Yellow River! Flowing down vigorously, rushing and surging, and stirring up lofty high raging waves. I seem to hear its voice again..."<br />
<br />
春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了!<br />
<br />
The day finally came like the spring water breaking through the ice and fire erupting from the heart of the earth!<br />
<br />
担担画<br />
<br />
Shoulder Pole Painting<br />
<br />
“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
<br />
When the "Gang of Four" disappeared from political life, the art world burst into life.<br />
<br />
美术界一些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头角,施展才华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是一个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。这个磨砺精深的艺术家，就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
<br />
Some upright men in the art world sympathized with Yuan Yunsheng, whose talent had been buried for many years, and hoped that he could show his talent again. Zhang Ding, the president of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, wrote specially to recommend him to paint. Fei Zheng, who was now the vice chairman of the Hebei Art Association, also made an effort to help him. However, all these efforts were mildly rebuffed and turned back by various excuses. It was clear that Yuan Yunsheng's name was still an ominous thing, subject to indifference and discrimination. This artist with superb painting skills did not even have the opportunity to draw a comic book.<br />
<br />
乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
<br />
Even when it's warmer there is still a chill. It is most difficult to keep well.<br />
<br />
在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,一头不驯服的长发如垂下万根烦恼丝 。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
<br />
In his humble room in Changchun, Yuan Yunsheng was drawing a portrait of himself with a brush in his hand in front of a mirror. A head full of sadness appeared on the sketch, with deep creases, a weed-like beard, and long untamed hair such as hanging down ten thousand trouble silk. His hair was very long and he didn’t have time to care about it, so rarely trimmed it. This appearance, from the personality of the art, matched the painter's difficult state of mind and stubborn temperament... He was nearly forty years old. Since the criticism of ''Memory of the Water Town'', he had not painted a picture according to his own will for more than ten years. How could it not make him have thousands of trouble silk!<br />
<br />
他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
<br />
He threw down his paintbrush irritably and picked up a novel to kill time.<br />
<br />
兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
<br />
Every time Lanying returned home, she always asked with concern, "Yunsheng, have you got any news?"<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head, and the wife sighed.<br />
<br />
兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
<br />
Lanying was already a middle-aged woman. She gave birth to a third child and shouldered the burden of a family of five. On the family agenda, Lanying's main concern was still her husband's art. Art brought joy to her husband, and his joy was her joy. She also waited with the same anxiety.<br />
<br />
1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
<br />
In May 1978, the enthusiastic efforts of a few friends finally paid off, and Yuan Yunsheng got a chance to go out sketching in the beautiful Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province.<br />
<br />
他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了妻子,全家人像过节一样快乐。<br />
<br />
When he received the telegram from Yunnan People's Publishing House, he was ecstatically happy. He immediately told his wife this excellent thing and the whole family was happy just like at a festival.<br />
<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
<br />
His son asked curiously, "Dad, what does Xishuangbanna look like?"<br />
<br />
“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
<br />
"Beautiful!" He said with a smile, "I'll show you the picture I paint when I came back."<br />
<br />
女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
<br />
His daughter tugged at his coat: "Dad, what good things are there in Xishuangbanna?"<br />
<br />
“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
<br />
"There’s a lot of fruit." He stroked his daughter's head, "I'll buy some for you to eat."<br />
<br />
他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
<br />
He was busy packing and organizing his painting tools, making a big mess, and he could not wait to start on his way.<br />
<br />
兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying looked at the things spread all over the floor and asked in amazement: "Why do you bring so many things?"<br />
<br />
丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注一掷了!”<br />
<br />
Her husband said, "It's a rare opportunity, so I need to go for broke!"<br />
<br />
是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使一颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴一样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
<br />
Yes, this painter had been treated coldly for many years. If you think about his action of picking himself up from under the wheel and going to northern Shaanxi that year, you can understand his feelings at this moment. He was eager to go deeply into life and considered it more important than life. Now, a publishing unit sent a formal invitation to him, which made the heart of a man who was loyal to art ablaze like dry firewood.<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,一针针,一线线,直缝到天色薄明。<br />
<br />
In the evening, Lanying found some old cloth and sewed a backpack for her husband under the lamp, needle by needle, thread by thread, until the break of dawn.<br />
<br />
“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
<br />
"How long will you go this time?" Lanying asked.<br />
<br />
“三个月吧。”画家说,“你一个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
<br />
"About three months." The painter said, "Can you take after three children alone?"<br />
<br />
妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
<br />
The wife smiled: "I'm satisfied that you can think of my difficulties..."<br />
<br />
这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府——景洪。他被西双版纳惊人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁着珠光宝气。<br />
<br />
In May of that year, Yuan arrived at Jinghong, the capital of Xishuangbanna, on the banks of the Lancang River. He was deeply shocked by the amazing beauty of Xishuangbanna. When he looked up, everywhere was rich green, and everywhere was picturesque. <br />
The forest was as green as emerald, the valley was like being paved with green velvet, the river was like flowing congealed fat, and the moist air also felt like crystal. No wonder the Dai people compared Xishuangbanna to a shining jewel. The mountains and waters here were glittering with pearls.<br />
<br />
有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
<br />
Who could feel the beauty of life better than a painter? There were so many beautiful sceneries, as if he came to the paradise in hope. The creator of nature seemed to have a special love for this land and poured out the romantic colors of the world everywhere, so that he feasted his eyes on it and he was ecstatic!<br />
<br />
他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地 。招待所的服务人员很有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进一间中等客房。<br />
<br />
He checked in the Jinghong hostel and took a break, preparing to go deeper into the Xishuangbanna. The hostel staff received the painter politely, leading him into a moderate room.<br />
<br />
画家开口就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "How much does this room cost for one day?"<br />
<br />
服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
<br />
The staff said, "Two yuan and a half."<br />
<br />
“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
<br />
"Is there any room cheaper?"<br />
<br />
“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"There is one for seventy dimes a day."<br />
<br />
“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"Good! I’ll check in this room."<br />
<br />
他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下一步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
<br />
He was used to being careful with his money. When he left Changchun, he borrowed a limited amount of money from his unit. He spent a large part of it in the road, and the next economic source was still unknown... The painter plunged into the thick of life and everyone lived well, but he was willing to live in the bottom.<br />
<br />
幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
<br />
Fortunately, Fei Zheng supported him again, sending him 300 yuan from Hebei. This was three-quarters of Fei Zheng's demobilization fee. This timely and generous support gave Yuan Yunsheng the courage to move forward.<br />
<br />
云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
<br />
The Yunnan People's Publishing House assigned a young editor to accompany Yuan Yunsheng to paint. When the Dai boy came to meet him at the hostel, the painter took out everything he had brought from Changchun.<br />
<br />
好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有140多斤重。小伙子看了直抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
<br />
My goodness! The big wooden box contained 18 pieces of plywood, several big bundles of manuscript paper, and a backpack as big as a sack, which was stuffed with pigments, painting tools and daily necessities... They weighed more than 140 pounds altogether. The young man scratched the back of his head after looking at them. He couldn’t imagine how the painter carried them off the train and took them into the dense forests of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out a shoulder pole, smiling at the young man.<br />
<br />
瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
<br />
Look how proud he was, as if he wanted to take the natural scenery of Xishuangbanna into his bag. A few days later, he picked this bent shoulder pole, into the lush subtropical jungle...<br />
<br />
奏鸣曲<br />
<br />
Sonata<br />
<br />
瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
<br />
Look, that was the big banyan tree! Its crown was like clouds that could shelter against the sun, as a solemn and benevolent old grandmother.<br />
<br />
呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
<br />
Ah, that was the areca nut tree, straight and tall, and the local young men and women used it to symbolize everlasting love.<br />
<br />
那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝一样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
<br />
That was the sandalwood tree, whose branches and leaves were as thin as hair. It looked so dashing, like a poet reciting poetry with his hair hanging down.<br />
<br />
就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
<br />
Even the bamboo forest here was different. It was luxuriant and verdant, growing in clusters, like a peacock showing its tail.<br />
<br />
西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在一棵树前,一画就是一整天。<br />
<br />
The plants in Xishuangbanna were the most beautiful! The abundant sunshine and humid climate gave the plant population a particularly rich, dense, and graceful image. The world here was unparalleled, and was looked full of beautiful things. The painter had to suppress his excitement, to gather his feelings and to retain his feelings more precisely in a slower way. He stood in front of a tree and painte all day.<br />
<br />
“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
<br />
"Hey, what kind of tree is that?" The painter asked his fellow editor.<br />
<br />
“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
<br />
"It's called the pattra-leaf tree." The young man enthusiastically introduced, "The Dai people use its leaves instead of paper, and many ancient folklores are recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra."<br />
<br />
袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。每一笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理睬......<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng spread out the paper and painted the unique canopies of the pattra-leaf tree, which were in order, as if the tree wore an armor made of metal chains. Each brush stroke played its role, showing the vitality of green life in layers on the paper. The tropical sun was shooting flames above the painter's head, and it was very hot that beads of sweat oozed from his head. Swarms of insects flew out of the grass and could not be driven away. His legs were red and felt itchy from being bitten. He shook his head helplessly and simply ignored them...<br />
<br />
中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来才深有感受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
<br />
At noon, the young man brought two glutinous rice cakes and thrust them into the painter's hand: "I deeply feel that painting is really a hard job when I come out with you."<br />
<br />
画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在一起的......”<br />
<br />
The painter said with a smile, "Beauty and bitter are always linked together..."<br />
<br />
他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
<br />
They had been staying in a Dai family's bamboo hut. The painter got to know the customs of this warm and kind ethnic group from the perspective of daily life.<br />
<br />
每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
<br />
Every day after dinner, the painter came out of the bamboo hut and went to the forest glade. This was the most charming moment in Xishuangbanna. The sunset glow tinted the village, the treetops, and the water of Lancang River red. A group of Dai girls came slowly, carrying small spinning wheels on their shoulders, small lanterns in their hands, and their tight and floor-length dresses swaying with the wind. They were so slender, so light on their feet, and so graceful, as if a group of beautiful fairies had descended from the sky.<br />
<br />
“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露一截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后一盘,自然地溜向一边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
<br />
"So beautiful!" The painter expressed his feeling to the companion, "Look, those girls' girdles, golden and silver, are like exquisite crafts. But I will never paint their girdles, which will separate the body and destroy the integrity of it. I prefer their natural dressing. See, those girls' dressing is very natural. Their jackets are short, their skirts are long, and a part of the waist is exposed between the jacket and the skirt, which is a high level of aesthetic point of view, making them look slim and tall, pavilion... And look at their hairstyle, tying the hair into a bun, which is naturally slipped to one side. It has got a real Tang style! This ethnic group is amazing. They know best the beauty of details..."<br />
<br />
少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来一阵阵悠扬的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
<br />
The girls dispersed to all corners of the forest glade. Small groups of boys came out of nowhere, and gathered around the girls, talking and laughing. Through the twilight, an orange lantern was lit, and there came the sound of spinning wheels. Dai women had known since childhood not to rely on their parents but to rely on hard-working hands to prepare their own dowry. They were weaving happy love.<br />
<br />
诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就在苦苦思索一个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
<br />
The poetic atmosphere of the southern border was knocking on the window of the artist's inspiration. Whenever such a moment came, Yuan Yunsheng was thinking hard about a question: What was the master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
<br />
Was beauty in your colorful appearance and jewelry with pearls and jades? Painted your face, but could not paint your unique charm; collapsed at your feet, only acting as a servant of the naturalism.<br />
<br />
面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我感受却不尽相同。一百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,一百种不同的表现方法。<br />
<br />
Faced with the same object, the images on different painters’ retinas were the same; however, their own feelings were not the same. A hundred painters could have a hundred different answers, and a hundred different methods of expression.<br />
<br />
艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。 <br />
<br />
Art was valued for having a "self". He was looking for “his” own Xishuangbanna.<br />
<br />
从夏末到中秋,他在一串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勐定的一个偏僻的小村寨。<br />
<br />
From late summer to mid-autumn, he left his footprints in a string of pearl-like place names, and then came to a small remote village in Mengding.<br />
<br />
这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本寨的荣耀。<br />
<br />
The painter's visit caused a sensation in the small cottage, where apparently few guests had visited. During the evening meeting, the whole village cast warm and curious glances at him with laughter and noise, as if his arrival was an honor for the village.<br />
<br />
同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无力同病魔斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是“鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者一商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
<br />
The fellow editor told him that the village was called "Ghost Village". Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Dai people could not fight against illnesses. If someone was ill, it was said that he was possessed by a "ghost". When someone in the same village was pointed out to be the incarnation of the "ghost", several "respected" elders would immediately drive him out after discussion. Over time, those who were driven out formed a village, gathering a group of people who were discriminated against.<br />
<br />
“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的一瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
<br />
The sufferings of the people in the "ghost village" drew the deep sympathy of the painter. The painter cast a friendly glance at them and found that the people here had beautiful looks. If the Dai ethnic group was a beautiful ethnic group, this village was the essence of beauty. The girls like flowers, the charming women, the sturdy young men, all of whom were happy to accept the painter's request to make a sketch of themselves. Later, they simply came to the painter's home and stood in front of him with good grace, hoping to attract his attention. The painter was so busy that he waved his hand without a break. They loved beauty by nature and were proud of it.<br />
<br />
小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在一起进餐,然后由男方挑着担子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像一泓溪水那样清澈。<br />
<br />
Life in the small village was calm and quiet. The painter lived for many days and he didn't hear of any family quarrel. Men and women were financially independent of each other, and earned income, daily necessities, and working tools were clearly divided. When there were rifts in a family, the woman usually proposed to move away. The whole family sat quietly together for a meal before her departure, and then the man carried the pole to see her off. They treated each other with respect. The old and young were in harmony with each other. The young generation respected the elders and served them with courtesy; the elders took care of the younger generation, but never rigidly restrain them... What a simple relationship between them! It was not polluted by the secular society, as clear as a stream.<br />
<br />
一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
<br />
After a day’s work, the young men and women danced the Elach on the green grass. Joyful drumbeats and the crisp sound of gongs created a distinctive rhythm. The girls formed a queue, stepping gracefully and stretching their soft arms. They had reserved and self-respecting looks with a solemn yearning in the haze. What were they yearning for?<br />
<br />
这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在古老的贝叶经里的传说——从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑娘们生出一计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头一沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
<br />
This was a common dance in the Water-Sprinkling Festival. The Dai editor who accompanied the painter told the painter a legend recorded in the ancient the Pattra-leaf Sutra--once upon a time there was an ugly demon Lord who wanted to take the beautiful girls from each village for himself. He plundered six girls and wanted to take the seventh one, which was hated by the Dai people. The girls came up with a plan to get him drunk and asked him, "What are you most afraid of?" The devil said that he was afraid of nothing. He could only be strangled with his hair, but he could be reborn when his head touched the ground... The girls strangled his head while he was drunk. In order to keep his head from touching the ground, the girls took turns to hold his head in their hands. The annual Water-Sprinkling Festival was to celebrate the people's victory over devilry and to wash away the dirty stains left behind by the demon Lord, so that the spring of freedom and happiness was always in the hearts of the Dai people...<br />
<br />
晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
<br />
At night, the painter returned to the bamboo hut. The moonlight was bright and the shadow of trees was dancing, like flowing mercury pouring in front of the door. On this silent night, he could not sleep for a long time.<br />
<br />
广为流传的神话传说,往往是一个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑海里汇集,逐渐熔化为一团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西双版纳。这是一个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条——单纯与丰富高度和谐地统一!<br />
<br />
Widespread myths and legends were often the windows to the mind of an ethnic group. The story about the origin of the Water-Sprinkling Festival deepened the painter's understanding of this ethnic group who loved beauty. Since he set foot on the land of Xishuangbanna, the mountains, rivers, forests, people and landscapes he saw were like countless colorful light spots, whirling and flickering, gathering in his mind, and gradually melting into a bright flame, which rose from the canopy of thinking. Oh! The master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna, wasn’t the spiritual power of the Dai people to worship a better future and great love? Their hearts were so clean that they always kept their ethnic group’s nature of purity. So, the colorful and vibrant plants, and the natural and simple Dai women with their unique beauty constituted the painter’s general image of Xishuangbanna: "my" own Xishuangbanna. This was a world of lines, soft and elastic lines, unrestrained and smooth lines, upright and beautiful lines, and also tangled and slow lines like gossamers--simplicity and richness were highly harmonious!<br />
<br />
他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的一组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
<br />
He waved lines and made hundreds of line-drawing paintings. If the heavy color painting was compared to the symphony, the line drawing was the solo of lines. Yuan Yunsheng's artistic style, which was formed through years of honing, showed a fantastic charm in the solo of lines. It was a set of passionate sonatas that he dedicated to the Dai people with sincere feelings.<br />
<br />
昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
<br />
Kunming held an exhibition for Yuan Yunsheng. His paintings were delivered to the Yunnan People's Publishing House for selection and editing. The foreword written for him by the editor Liu Shaohui began with a few lines from the Dai folk narrative poem ''The Gourd Letter''.<br />
<br />
公主啊!<br />
<br />
O Princess!<br />
<br />
你是一颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
<br />
You are a brilliant jewel,<br />
<br />
但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
<br />
I wish I were a silversmith,<br />
<br />
把宝石镶在我的心上......<br />
<br />
Setting the jewel in my heart...<br />
<br />
他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
<br />
He praised Yuan Yunsheng for setting the "jewel" of Xishuangbanna in his heart.<br />
<br />
二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
<br />
For more than twenty years, it was the first time Yuan Yunsheng heard an affirmation of his art.<br />
<br />
袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
<br />
During his stay in Yunnan, Yuan Yunsheng constantly received letters from his wife, who told him they were safe.<br />
<br />
兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
<br />
What Lanying said in the letter made the painter felt like drinking a glass of sweet spring water, cool and delicious, soothing and cheerful when he read each letter. At the end of his wife's letters, there were always these lines: "Don't worry about the family. Paint your paintings, and if you can't finish them, you don't have to hurry back..."<br />
<br />
画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
<br />
The painter smiled with relief. During his busy days in Xishuangbanna, his main worry was "the fire in the backyard", but his wife's letter lifted his worries.<br />
<br />
其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
<br />
In fact, it was an eventful year. A wind of earthquakes blew in Changchun, and the whole city was in a panic. People were busy building quake-proof shelters, moving things, and transferring to shelters.<br />
<br />
画家在长春的一个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁愕然了。<br />
<br />
A friend of the painter in Changchun, thinking of the painter's wife and children, rushed to their home to visit. He was stunned.<br />
<br />
这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出一个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗震棚挪动着……<br />
<br />
The humble room was as it had been, and the furniture and sundries were not organized. The children were playing with their heads down. Lanying, bending over and sweating, dragged out a heavy wooden box full of the painter's paintings from the house, and moved it to the nearby quake-proof shelter...<br />
<br />
显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
<br />
Obviously, this was the most precious thing in the heart of the painter's wife. She knew the painter's hardship best, understanding the value of art from the hardships of it.<br />
<br />
朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道。<br />
<br />
The friend's heart trembled with excitement. Lanying still did not tell her husband about this. If his friend had not later recounted the scene he saw, he would never have known.<br />
<br />
壁画之梦 <br />
<br />
The Dream of Murals<br />
<br />
不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。 <br />
<br />
At some point, through the glass window covered with ice flowers, a hazy blue light came in, like a fairy stretching out her white arms and lifting the veil as soft as a dream.<br />
<br />
屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀一样扑朔不定。 <br />
<br />
The room seemed bright and dim, with faint yellow glow of the electric light and murky air around, and the glow fluttered in a haze of smoke like wings.<br />
<br />
他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。 <br />
<br />
He wagged his head vigorously, and rubbed his eyes. The paintings on the table turned into a white mist, rising and spreading. Everything was blurred.<br />
<br />
他搞不清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里…… <br />
<br />
He didn’t know whether he was awake at the moment, or vaguely in a dream...<br />
<br />
昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。一抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从梦境回到了现实的世界。 <br />
<br />
Last night he slept too late and smoked too much. Or rather, he didn't sleep, just lying next to the messy paintings and ashtray full of cigarette butts on the table for a while. When he looked up, it was dawn. The first ray of morning sunlight caressed the buildings in the suburbs of Beijing. He pushed the window open, and let the cold morning breeze chase away the fatigue of the night. He went back from the dream to the real world.<br />
<br />
这是1979年1月,在北京白家庄。 <br />
<br />
It was January 1979, in Baijiazhuang, Beijing.<br />
<br />
袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和工艺美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得到了推荐,也在被邀请之列。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing on his way home from a six-month-long trip to Yunnan. A great joy forced him to stay in Beijing. At that time, the new terminal building of Capital Airport was like a magnificent crystal palace going up in the eastern suburbs of Beijing, equipped with the world's most advanced technology. The spacious and comfortable departure lounges and restaurants, automatic doors, baggage carousels, weight scales with electronic digital display, special quartz clocks made by Seikosha, high-efficiency indoor air conditioning devices, precise navigation and communication systems... They constituted the magnificent air gateway of the capital, whose degree of modernization was unparalleled in China. In today's world, modern architectural design was integrated with exquisite art decoration, and the ancient mural art was revived, accommodating with the development of construction industry based on new industrial technology. People in charge of the capital airport were managers of the new enterprise indeed. They invited more than fifty excellent artists as well as arts and crafts workers, led by Zhang Ding, the dean of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, to create a large modern murals for the terminal building. Yuan Yunsheng, who had been silent for more than two decades, was lucky enough to be recommended and was among the invitees.<br />
<br />
随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使一些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单一些,拿他的话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。” <br />
<br />
With the opening of a crack in the window of ideological liberation in early 1979, the close relationship between literature and art and politics, which was very hot, was gradually adjusted over the years, making some artists calm down. They reconsidered the old and difficult proposition of the relationship between literature and art and politics, and denied the claim that literature and art was subordinate to politics. Their intentions were kind and peaceful, unwilling to use the arrow of art to touch sensitive political issues to avoid being blamed for something other than art; at the same time, they hoped to escape from the influence of the wind change and maintain the relative stability of the range of art, without rising or falling like a floating feather. But Yuan Yunsheng thought more simply, in his words, "Art is art, which needs to be sincere."<br />
<br />
袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节——生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻辑和客观条件应运而生的。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng's large mural design ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', was born based on this simple logic and objective conditions.<br />
<br />
候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的一块地方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴的哲理。他决定抦弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。” <br />
<br />
A large wall of the passenger’s dining room in the terminal, together with a corner, was given to him. What a big space! He stood before the white wall, astonished and delighted, wanting to pour out all the words in the heart to this wall. Artistic creation always spared no effort without reservation to present the most beautiful part of the artist's feelings of the mind. For more than twenty years, the language of art and life he had accumulated resounded in his heart like a surging river, and the unforgettable impression he had from his trip to Xishuangbanna was the climax of the good things and the leaping wave of his whole life experience. At that time, the only subject he thought of was the Water-Splashing Festival. The myths and legends he heard, recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra condensed the emotions like flames, the free imagination and the clear and pure philosophy of the tropical ethnic group. He decided to abandon the conception of genre and narrative paintings and used the lines he had practiced over the years to express the people's desire for a future of freedom and happiness. He said, “It is a pleasant surprise for me to paint a mural praising the spirit and sentiment of the Dai people on a huge wall with 27 meters wide and 3.4 meters high."<br />
<br />
主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知命运如何? <br />
<br />
Artists who advocated art for the sake of politics could also attribute this subject to politics. However, this idea, after all, left the specific political context and contained the deeper and more distant time and space as well as timeless themes. If it was in the past, such an artistic conception would have been intervened by politics and would have been accused of rebelling against orthodoxy. What was his fate this time?<br />
<br />
袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng's brother, Yuan Yunfu, gave him a room in his apartment in Baijiazhuang, which was both a bedroom and a studio. However, the small bed was rarely used. He spread out his sketch and entered a dream, a dream of flowing lines and beautiful colors...<br />
<br />
在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统一。那座大门却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门搏斗,一支接一支地吸烟,一张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。 <br />
<br />
In the dream of art, there were also untold troubles. Apart from anything else, the door in the wall of the dining room was annoying. Originally, the artistic language of mural should be harmonized with the artistic language of architecture. The door, however, divided the wall and become an obstacle to the artistic conception. He spent the whole night fighting with the annoying door, smoking one cigarette after another, and drawing one sketch after another. His brother lived in the room opposite to his room, who could see the light coming from the crack of the door all night long, and the smell of smoke wafted up. And his energy, effort and life were consumed in the light blue smoke. The next day when the door was opened, his face was pale.<br />
<br />
“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。 <br />
<br />
"How can your body stand it!" Yuan Yunfu said.<br />
<br />
“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……” <br />
<br />
"It's doesn't matter." He smiled faintly, "I get used to it..."<br />
<br />
在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出一股韧性。为了重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟此时的心情。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of the elder brother, his younger brother was a completely different people than before. On the night more than twenty years ago, when Yuan Yunsheng told his brother that he was classified as a "rightist” in the same room, his round face was full of innocence, as if he was telling a light anecdote. Now, that face had experienced the hardships and troubles of life, stumbling on the rugged road, and had become angular with a stern look, revealing a resilience. In order to regain this opportunity to create in Beijing, what a price he had to pay! Yuan Yunfu understood his brother's feelings at this time.<br />
<br />
整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法——“拱桥的两头很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》） <br />
<br />
All day long, Yuan Yunsheng locked himself in his room and had a dream of mural. He was inspired by the familar principle of the arch bridge in the suburbs of Suzhou, and found a way to cross the gate -- “The two ends of the arch bridge are very heavy, holding the towering and thin top. It is stable in mechanics, and how beautiful the curve like the rainbow is! The idea of constructing a rainbow of people with the activities of the Dai people is fascinating..." (quoted in ''Art Research'', Issue 1, 1980, Yuan Yunsheng: ''The Dream of Murals'')<br />
<br />
实现这个迷人的想法,真是一项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每一个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了…… <br />
<br />
It was a huge project to realize this fascinating idea. The splendid and colorful images of the Water-Splashing Festival came to his eyes: carrying water, sharing water, splashing water, dancing, boat racing, bathing at night, the quiet family life in the bamboo house of the Dai people and the young men and women who didn’t want to leave with each other in the jungle after dusk... Hundreds of characters appeared under his brush, and each of them was vivid and true. At the same time, it was decorative, exaggerated, personalized, and full of lyricism. The sketch was longer and longer, and the crowds like the rainbow were stretching out. The painter, who was immersed in the frenzy of his creation, seemed to be accompanied by music in his ears. He grasped the brush as if grasping the baton of the symphony orchestra, to express the shifts of melody and rhythm through the flowing lines, and the solemn, fervent and tenaciously upward theme song gradually rose up...<br />
<br />
又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还有灯光。 <br />
<br />
It was another early morning that Yuan Yunfu, who lived in the opposite room, woke up from his sleep and saw the light under the door of his brother’s room.<br />
<br />
这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunfu was also very tired these days. He also participated in the creation of murals at the Capital Airport, painting the first draft of ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan''. If he was exploring the path of art with his experience and artistic accomplishment, his brother was sprinting with his life. Half a month passed, in fifteen days and nights, the light in the opposite room did not go out. What an amazing perseverance! Even the golden stone should cry for his sincerity of the art... <br />
<br />
对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀! <br />
<br />
A light blue smoke was coming from the opposite room with a heavy coughing sound, each hoarser than the last. However, he was still painting, and still smoking incessantly. The coughing sound could be heard without end, and it was heart-wrenching to hear it in the silence before dawn. He was destroying the foundation of his health to build a spiritual building, and the lines on the sketch were clearly the blood streak of life!<br />
<br />
天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休息几天,回长春去过年吧。” <br />
<br />
After dawn, Yuan Yunfu said to his brother, "You probably forget that the day after tomorrow is Lunar New Year's Eve. I advise you to take a few days off and go back to Changchun for the New Year."<br />
<br />
袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用。第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制。” <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng shook his head, “I don’t have enough time. Although the second draft was drawn, but I haven’t had time to copy it."<br />
<br />
“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。” <br />
<br />
"You don’t care about your own body, but you have to think about Lanying.” His brother said. "You have been away from Changchun for more than six months. It is unreasonable for you not to go back for the Spring Festival."<br />
<br />
提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能在家待几天?” <br />
<br />
When it came to Lanying, Yuan Yunsheng was no longer obstinate. On New Year's Eve, he rushed back to Changchun. Lanying asked him, "How many days can you stay at home this time?"<br />
<br />
画家说:“春节一过,还得讨论画稿。这一稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "After the New Year, I still have to discuss the drafts. I have not made a copy of this one yet, so I brought it back home."<br />
<br />
兰英叹了一口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……” <br />
<br />
Lanying sighed, "So, even in the Spring Festival, you still can’t have a good rest..."<br />
<br />
画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "It's not difficult to copy, but it takes time."<br />
<br />
兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?” <br />
<br />
Lanying thought about it, "Well, can I help you?"<br />
<br />
画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。 <br />
<br />
The painter looked at his wife with affection and nodded.<br />
<br />
这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下一个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹…… <br />
<br />
This was the first time that Lanying was directly involved in her husband's artistic creation. At night, they turned on the lamp, set up a glass plate, laid out a translucent copy paper, and copied the painting of the Water-Splashing Festival together. This work, which celebrated the Dai people, also left traces of a Han woman's feelings...<br />
<br />
从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
<br />
From the first to the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, they spent their time in this way. Lanying and the painter stayed up late together.<br />
<br />
忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴云笼罩着...... <br />
<br />
The busy painter did not even notice that Lanying's thin face was more withered, covered by the heavy cloud of illness...<br />
<br />
牛皮纸 <br />
<br />
Kraft Paper<br />
<br />
春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。 <br />
<br />
Just after the Spring Festival, Yuan Yunsheng returned to Beijing with the colored design.<br />
<br />
绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
<br />
Preparations for the mural painting were under way intensely. In order to get the best artistic effect, Capital Airport imported a batch of acrylic paints from Hong Kong. This was a new painting material popular in Europe, America and Japan in recent years. It had bright and soft color, strong covering power, and was suitable for multi-layered sfumato and foil, and maintained the stability of the color of the painting for a long time under various conditions of wetting, drying, hot and cold.<br />
<br />
参加《泼水节——生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
<br />
Lian Weiyun and Fei Zheng, two collaborators who participated in the painting of ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', also arrived in succession. They were both accomplished middle-aged artists. After looking Yuan Yunsheng's design, they were impressed by the charm of the combination of traditional techniques of Chinese painting and western modern art, and were interested in it and eager to have a try.<br />
<br />
脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。 <br />
<br />
The scaffolding was set up and the walls were covered with solid backing cloth. Everything was ready and it was early summer. One day in June, Lanying came to Beijing from Changchun.<br />
<br />
兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的一次妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。 <br />
<br />
This time, Lanying made a special trip to Beijing to see a doctor. In fact, her condition had already been discovered. In a gynecological examination before the Spring Festival, the doctor felt an obvious foreign body in the uterus. Because her husband was away and she needed to take care of the children, her illness had not been treated. Recently, due to the rapid aggravation of her condition, she had to go to a large hospital in Beijing for a diagnosis.<br />
<br />
在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻待在一起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮工。 <br />
<br />
While waiting to see a doctor, Lanying and her husband stayed in a newly built hotel for international flight crews at the Capital Airport. The room was small but comfortable with spring beds, a bathroom, and shutters in the ceiling also indicated that there was air-conditioning equipment. Since her marriage, Lanying had never lived in such a high-class accommodation with her husband. However, the time the couple spent together was still limited. Every day, when the first purple rays of the morning sun came in through the curtains, Yuan Yunsheng turned over and got up, hurriedly wipded the face. The sound of rushing away footsteps could be heard in the corridor. After a busy day, it was already late at night when he returned, covered in sweat and paint, like a house repairman who had just climbed down from the scaffolding.<br />
<br />
好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是出乎意料的,几个月以前的一小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到癌——恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢? <br />
<br />
Finally, it was the day of diagnosis. When Lanying got the diagnosis, moving tired steps out of the hospital, she felt her body and mind sinking downward, as if sinking into a bottomless abyss. The rate of the development of the disease was unexpected, a small foreign body a few months ago had grown into a big lump. Lanying herself was a surgeon, with professional knowledge and clinical experience, who understood the seriousness in the rate of deterioration of the disease. She thought about cancer--malignant cells tended to cause malformed expansion, while benign tumors were relatively steady; if it was not cancer, it was just a fluke. She walked slowly, and her mind was empty, the grey mist floating and sparks of consciousness flickering on and off. She felt painfully, intuitively, that the defenses of her health had been destroyed by everyday’s pressure because of excessive worry and fatigue from chores over the years. Did her lover, her children and everything in the future still belong to her?<br />
<br />
她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了候机大楼,站在脚手架旁…… <br />
<br />
She went back to the airport. The painter could not be found at the accommodation during the day. She stepped across the long asphalt road, entered the terminal building, and stood by the scaffolding...<br />
<br />
大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着一场真正的建设——脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。 <br />
<br />
The lobby was spacious and solemn. The new glass windows reflected the blue sky, and the abundant light rushed in and then spread out, softly scattering on the four walls. Here, in the heat of June, there was a real construction going on--the huge structure of scaffolding climbing up to the roof; on the ground, brushes, palettes and paint buckets were piled up haphazardly, showing how busy the art site was.<br />
<br />
兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在…… <br />
<br />
Lanying looked up and found her husband's figure on the scaffolding. He bent over, holding a brush in his hand, sketching on the wall. His long black hair hang down from his forehead, swinging ceaselessly in the air with his body, as if a cellist holding the bowstring was absorbed in the enchanting music he was playing, and the world around him no longer existed...<br />
<br />
兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,一个艺术赤子的オ华、智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。 <br />
<br />
Lanying stood there dumbfounded. Here and now, perhaps only she could deeply understand her husband's state of mind. From the tiny world of that humble room in Changchun to this grand and spacious lobby, the talents, wisdom and suppressed ambition of a man who was loyal to art broke away from all fetters and poured out. He even wanted to put his hot life into the tip of the brush, pouring, splashing and melting into the picture in front of him.<br />
<br />
墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华! <br />
<br />
Various lines on the wall presented the dense jungle in Xishuangbanna, full of vitality. With the movement of the brush, like the process happened in color developer in the darkroom, the images of several Dai women gradually became clear. Their stretched waists, flexible arms, and action of strong inclination added the sense of motion of the scene of water splashing. Lanying seemed to hear the cheerful rhythm of the small gong and the exciting drumbeat of the elephant-foot drum. The hazy expressions in the women's faces had infinite yearnings. Thus, the dead wall became alive. It was the artist's passion for life was shining, the reproduction of a beautiful vision. The limited life of the artist was sublimated in the meaningful art!<br />
<br />
站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。 <br />
<br />
Standing behind the art stage to see the art was the easiest to touch off the aftertaste of life. <br />
<br />
兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得到了精神的补偿。 <br />
<br />
Lanying felt relaxed, and the heavy feeling like being clogged with lead when she left the hospital was alleviated. Art had already intruded into her destiny, turning her from an outsider into an insider. She got spiritual compensation from the breath of artistic creation.<br />
<br />
这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查有结果了吗?” <br />
<br />
At this time, the painter climbed down from the scaffolding, spotted his wife at a glance, and walked quickly towards her, "Did you get the result of the examination at the hospital?"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说......” <br />
<br />
Lanying said. "Go on with your work. I’ll talk to you when we came back..."<br />
<br />
妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。” <br />
<br />
The peaceful face of his wife reassured the painter. He said, "You should stay in your room and have a good rest."<br />
<br />
“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
<br />
"I'm not tired. Lanying smiled faintly and said with studied casualness, "What can I do for you?"<br />
<br />
Chapter Two<br />
<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对一对画稿上的人物动作。” <br />
<br />
The painter seriously considered for a moment: “Oh, I need you here. Please imitate and check the action of the characters on the sketch for our reference.” <br />
<br />
“好吧。”妻子应允了。 <br />
<br />
"All right." The wife agreed.<br />
<br />
兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容…… <br />
<br />
Lanying made various body movements on the painter’s instructions. Fortunately, she was an active member of the literary and artistic activities twenty years ago with a little dance skills, natural movements, and an ideal slender body. It consumed a lot of time, and the painter looked left and right, directing Lanying's posture while examining the characters on the sketch. For Lanying, who was ill, it was an excessive burden. But she maintained a dignified posture with great endurance, and a serene smile appeared on her pale and tired face...<br />
<br />
几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为一个外科医生,如果给自己开一张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的一桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カ一搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏在心底很久很久了。 <br />
<br />
A few days later, Lanying boarded the northbound train and left Beijing. Her husband went to the station to see her off. Until the moment before her departure, the wife did not tell her husband about her illness. Lanying repeatedly considered the gains and losses. As a surgeon, she would not have hesitated to write “hospitalize immediately and surgically remove" if she had given herself a treatment order. The key to the treating a relentless tumor, whether it was benign or malignant, was to treat it in time.But she thought of her husband, and a wonderful career beyond him. Once she was hospitalized for a major surgery, her husband would not hesitate to accompany her and serve her, because she had no other close relatives in this world. In that way, the painter's work would stop, or at least be influence. Her husband was struggling on the difficult road of art and could not be delayed. Lanying had to give up her treatment, even if it meant the hope of life, in exchange for the extension of the artistic life. This idea, from the day she fell in love with the painter, had been buried in her heart for a long, long time.<br />
<br />
一声长笛,列车开走了,载着一颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾霭中...... <br />
<br />
With a whistle, the train drove away, carrying the heart of an ordinary but great woman, and disappearing in the fog...<br />
<br />
袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,一株热带丛林特有的鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像是在为自己的青春而骄傲…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng and his collaborators worked hard and four months passed. The painting work was coming to an end. Turning a corner of the wall, a view of Xishuangbanna at dusk appeared. In the light blue glow, there was a Passionfora edulis unique to the tropical jungle. Its luxuriant branches and leaves were like a cluster of hydrangea, forming a beautiful screen. Dai girls Girls who took a bath at night, holding a clay pot, poured clear spring water on their body. They wore their long and undulating hair down to the ground, which seemed like the ripples of water flowing from high mountains. After the bath, the girls were combing their long hair with a tender smile on their face, as if they were proud of their youth...<br />
<br />
环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。 <br />
<br />
Surrounding the girl's bodies were a few flowing lines, which were the outline of the clothes that was sketched out in the draft. The painter was still uncertain how to handle them. In the process of painting, the onlookers who came and went through the lobby paid special attention to the girls taking baths at night on the wall, wanting to see whether they would be clothed or not.<br />
<br />
洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。“我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的一种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况他画的是神话传说而不是习俗…… <br />
<br />
It is a common knowledge in life that taking a bath (rather than splashing water) needs to take off clothes. In life, Dai women were more innocent. During the days in Xishuangbanna, the painter bathed many times with Dai men and women at the well and in the Lancang River. They were natural and graceful, treating nudity as a as a creation of nature, so they did not feel it was very mysterious. “I admit that I have more conservative thinking.” Yuan Yunsheng said sincerely, “Because of this, I am more respectful of them.” In the history of painting, the language of nudity was an artistic language with rich expressiveness. Represented by Venus in ancient Greece, it developed into an independent aesthetic category. Similarly, using the language of nudity to express the author's worship of women and the praise for life became necessary for this particular scene in the mural. Not to mention that he painted myths and legends rather than customs...<br />
<br />
看来,画家打错了主意? <br />
<br />
It seems that the painter got the wrong idea?<br />
<br />
在一些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和犯罪搅成一池浑水。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of some people, the style of nude was a “evil custom of barbarians” in the west! The richer the material life of the west was, the poorer the spiritual civilization was to the extent that the body was not covered by clothes. On the contrary, the great revolution of spiritual culture and the great retrogression of material production occurred at the same period in our country. In the past ten years, people’s vision had been highly purified. Chinese women did not even want to wear skirts, cheongsams, or tight-fitting shirts, and wrapped themselves up tightly so as not to show their changeable lines. By doing so, they would not stain the eyes of others and desecrate their bodies. However, treating aesthetics as the result of getting rid of evil concepts did not improve the morality of the society, but brought spiritual impoverishment and degradation. As a result, just like the pure springs turned into muddy currents, art and crime were mixed into a pool of muddy water.<br />
<br />
盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。 <br />
<br />
In the height of summer, when the scene of “bathing at night" stood out, although the images of these young girls were decorative, symbolic and simple, it still caused a stir.<br />
<br />
这并不显眼的一角却引来一批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
<br />
This inconspicuous corner attracted numerous viewers, including curious people, anxious people, passers-by and spectators. People were talking about it in different tones, surprised, harsh or vulgar...<br />
<br />
这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不韪了。如要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的一场争论。 <br />
<br />
It was the first time in years that a nude appeared on modern Chinese murals. The author did a wrong thing that was considered as a big one at the time. If he wanted to solve dispute, it was easy, lifting the brush, smearing a few strokes, and dressing the figures in blouses and skirts, which cost nothing. Then he and his whole family would be blessed and away from misfortune. But he was reluctant to do that. He thought of a controversy in history over the issue of nude art.<br />
<br />
六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的一班轻薄少年、无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军阀败北。 <br />
<br />
Sixty years ago, a group of courageous painters in Shanghai were reviled for using nudity in their teachings and creations. At that time, the newspapers published many critical articles, saying that the painter “offended public decency”, “wanted to make the women of the world into a shameless position" and “broke down the boundaries between Chinese men and women”... And at that time, a group of libertines and loafers in Shanghai took nude photos for sale, which provided handles to trolls. Until the warlord Sun Chuanfang was angered, the painter was wanted by telegram. The painter concentrated all his efforts on rising to the challenge without fear, and wrote articles saying that “Scoundrels made nude photos and obscene picture of prostitutes to attract others for profit, I am very sad... Why Private Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts is blamed? Why I am blamed?” "I advocated that ambition of art shouldn’t be takev away... Although I have to defy all difficulties and dangers, I will never refuse.” The struggle ended in victory for the painter and defeat for the warlord.<br />
<br />
历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的一桩旧案犹未了结。 <br />
<br />
History had gone by more than half a century. Times were different, but an old case in the art world was not settled yet.<br />
<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思想解放!” <br />
<br />
"What we encountered is no longer a body issue.” Yuan Yunsheng said to his companions, “It is related to the ideological liberation of the art world!"<br />
<br />
他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。 <br />
<br />
They insisted on making no changes. This detail in the murals was used as a stone of exploring and was thrown on the path of artistic spring presented in front of them after the smashing of the "Gang of Four".<br />
<br />
舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事…… <br />
<br />
After all, the pressure of public opinion was too great. In order to provide a peaceful environment for the painter to paint, the airport and the construction company were kind to cover up the doors and windows of the lobby while the painting work was still incomplete. Thus, the modernized doors were covered with thick kraft papers produced in the traditional way in China, and the murals painted in imported acrylic paints were hidden in a dull yellow glow of classical colors. The painter was at peace for the moment and went on with their unfinished work...<br />
<br />
不是结尾 <br />
<br />
Not the End<br />
<br />
10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动…… <br />
<br />
One day in late October, the autumn wind swirled yellow sand, sweeping above the streets of Beijing. Yuan Yunsheng walked down the street quickly, facing the wind, and his long and thick black hair fluttering in the wind...<br />
<br />
首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。 <br />
<br />
The painting work of murals at the Capital Airport had been completed. The artists and art workers, led by Zhang Ding, achieved great success. The papers and TV stations published and broadcasted murals with distinctive characteristics and modern style: ''Nezha Conquers the Dragon King'', ''Song of the Forest'', ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan'', ''The Spring of Science'' and ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life''... It was like a hot whirlwind in the art world and society, provoking intense reactions. Before the Fourth Congress of Chinese Writers and Artists, a group of celebrities from the circles of literature and art, theory, architecture, foreign trade and press and publication came to the Capital Airport to attend the unveiling ceremony and congratulate the artists.<br />
<br />
国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人一进入中国就有一个强烈的印象,这种艺术是一个国家国力的象征。” <br />
<br />
They acquired great recognition from foreigners. Foreign friends stood in the lobby of the terminal building, looking around the four walls with appreciative eyes and saying, "Beijing Airport will be famous all over the world for its murals.” ”It gives people a strong impression upon entering China that this art is a symbol of a country's national power."<br />
<br />
日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……” <br />
<br />
Hirayama Ikuo, a famous Japanese painter, also came to visit. He said that Chinese culture had two peaks in history: the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, and he believed that the third peak was coming. He said to Yuan Yunsheng with a smile, "After seeing your murals, I think Xishuangbanna is very beautiful. I really want to change the plan of this trip and go there..."<br />
<br />
这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰一样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔…… <br />
<br />
These days, Yunsheng was very busy. Meeting with foreign guests, accepting interviews and giving speeches on stage filled up his daily schedule. The lonely days were gone, followed by honors, applauses, and toasts, like stepping from the rugged mountain road to the peak full of flowers... He walked on the street, the wind and sand rushing toward him, and his lapel swaying in the wind. At this moment, contrary to the joy brought by the brilliant success, his face was strangely sad and sorrowful, frozen like ice, cold as a rock. It seemed to have infinite remorse in his indifference...<br />
<br />
呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化? <br />
<br />
Oh, what were you doing for? Were you still not satisfied? Or were you still worried about the change of political wind?<br />
<br />
不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着一个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作是坚定正确的表现。 <br />
<br />
No. He was not worried about that. He was confident. For more than twenty years, he had been tenacious exploring towards a set goal with the sincerity of art. He had never been discouraged in the face of any setbacks. He loved the art of the country, and was classified as a "rightist" because he disagreed with Soviet painting theory. But now people who took the same position were seen as having a solid and right performance.<br />
<br />
他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。 <br />
<br />
He loved the watery towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and took a hit for painting the beautiful scenes of the rural market. But now markets all over the country were more prosperous than they were then. Oh life, many things would be changed after thirty years! He no longer believed in temporary and hasty conclusions. His personality and the personality of his art had been strengthened by adversity, becoming independent of the conclusions.<br />
<br />
那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧? <br />
<br />
So, why were you sad? Why were you depressed?<br />
<br />
只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无望,只等待手术的判决…… <br />
<br />
Just because his wife, bosom friend, backer of his career and partner in distress, was lying sickly in the hospital. It was not until a few days earlier that he learned of the illness that Lanying had hidden from him. After four months of suffering from the disease, Lanying's health collapsed! When she left Changchun, her sick body wasted away, with weak spirit and pale and yellow face. Her female companions, who saw her off, could not see any color on her face, took it as their last farewell, breaking down in tears. At this moment, she lay quietly in a hospital in Beijing, and she seemed tired. Once the burden was lifted from her shoulders, she didn’t have words, complaints and hope, only waiting for the verdict of surgery...<br />
<br />
一个人站立起来了,另一个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南去的列车上一见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下一笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。 <br />
<br />
One people stood up, another fell down, and she fell down for him. Since they met on the southbound train, she made too many voluntary sacrifices. If the wife really could never stand up again, then what was the meaning of her husband's success today for her? She was a doctor, a good wife and mother, and a person dedicated to art. Her contributions could never be rewarded, and she could not leave a mark on any art classic, but only painful memories engraved in her husband's heart.<br />
<br />
画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼眶里滚动。 <br />
<br />
The painter ran down the street to the hospital, a storm stirring up in his heart. His eyes were wet, white tears rolling in his eyes.<br />
<br />
他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:一种是诚实的艺术家;另一种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。 <br />
<br />
He thought of the two kinds of people who were closest to art in the wide world. One was the honest artist; the other was the person who did not know art but was pure and simple, such as his lovely wife.<br />
<br />
他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少一些吗?<br />
<br />
They didn’t have other intention, just for art. To recognize their hard work was the minimum to tolerate the existence of art. But they suffered too much beyond art. Couldn’t they suffer less?<br />
<br />
他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。 <br />
<br />
He walked on the street in Beijing, his tearful eyes shining with anticipation.<br />
<br />
后记: <br />
<br />
Postscript:<br />
<br />
本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又过了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世事变迁未可尽述。 <br />
<br />
After this article was published, the heroine recovered after treatment. A few years later, the hero went to the U.S. alone. And many things had changed and it was impossible to mention them all.<br />
<br />
——作者 <br />
<br />
--Author<br />
<br />
（原载《十月》1980年6月） <br />
<br />
(Originally published in ''October'', June 1980)<br />
<br />
==卷一：10.热血男儿Hot-blooded Man==<br />
热血男儿 Hot-blooded Man<br />
<br />
李士非 Li Shifei<br />
<br />
满腔的热血已经沸腾。 <br />
<br />
The hot blood all over the body has been boiling.<br />
<br />
——《国际歌》 <br />
<br />
--''The Internationale'' (Chinese Version)<br />
<br />
一、能见到袁庚吗？ <br />
<br />
I. Can I See Yuan Geng?<br />
<br />
在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天，蛇口工业区和它的领导人袁庚，名扬国内外，越来越引人注目。 <br />
<br />
When the wave of reform is surging today, Shekou Industrial Zone and its leader, Yuan Geng, are becoming more and more famous at home and abroad.<br />
<br />
但是，我接受写袁庚的任务，未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他，手头也没有积累多少关于他的资料，而且听说采访他很困难：他是香港招商局常务副董事长（人们因此亲切地称他为袁董），大部分时间在香港，每到蛇口，都忙得不可开交，实在抽不出时间接受采访。 <br />
<br />
However, it was a bit risky for me to accept the task of writing about Yuan Geng. I had never met him and had not accumulated much information about him, and I heard that it was difficult to interview him: He was the executive vice chairman of China Merchants Hong Kong (so people affectionately called him Chairman Yuan). He spent most of the time in Hong Kong. Every time he came to Shekou, he was too busy and didn’t have time for interviews.<br />
<br />
但是，过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观，听过介绍，看过录像，袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣，接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口来，这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。 <br />
<br />
But after the past several times accompanying writers from other provinces to visit Shekou, listening to the introduction, and watching the video, Yuan Geng and Shekou aroused my strong interest. If I accepted the writing task, I could come to Shekou. The temptation was irresistible.<br />
<br />
”能见到袁庚吗？”“即使见不到袁庚也要写！”所谓“冒险”，无非是写不出或写不好，个人面子不好看罢了，比起袁庚和他的朋友们从事改革所冒的风险，简直是微不足道的。 <br />
<br />
"Can I meet Yuan Geng?" "Even if I can't see Yuan Geng, I’ll still write!" The so-called "risk" simply means that I couldn’t write or couldn’t write well, which would make me look bad. But compared to the risk taken by Yuan Geng and his friends in reform, it was simply insignificant.<br />
<br />
仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气，到这里待一些日子也是值得的。 <br />
<br />
It was worth staying here for a few days just to breathe the air of reform in Shekou.<br />
<br />
“如果你只能待很短的时间，我劝你趁早打退堂鼓，不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意，开弓没有回头箭，退堂鼓是不好打的。 <br />
<br />
"If you can only stay for a short time, I’d advise you to pull back sooner rather than later and don’t make the mistake of a screenwriter again." A kind friend advised me in this way. I appreciated his kindness. But there was no turning back of an arrow once it was shot. It was not easy to pull back.<br />
<br />
二、夜访梁宪 <br />
<br />
Ⅱ. Pay a Call on Liang Xian at Night<br />
<br />
在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口，袁庚出国去了，说是7月底或8月初才能回来。最了解他的一个人，东江纵队时期就和他一起工作，现任蛇口工业区顾问的许智明，到澳大利亚探亲去了，归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同，“时间就是金钱，效率就是生命”，白天工作紧张，找人谈话很难，晚上访问也要事先约定，因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰上袁庚的儿子袁中印，《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意，他马上说：“有什么好写的？这么多人写过了，要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受了乃父的影响，不大欢迎采访。”慢慢来吧，我一定要找你的。”我心里说。 <br />
<br />
It was not easy to interview in Shekou. When I arrived in Shekou in mid-July, Yuan Geng went abroad. I learned that he would be back by the end of July or early August. One of the people who knew him best, Xu Zhiming, who worked with him in the East River Column and was now the counselor of Shekou Industrial Zone, went to Australia to visit his family and his return date was still uncertain. The pace of work here was very different from that of the mainland, where "time is money and efficiency is life." There were many works by day, so it was difficult to find people to have a talk with. Visiting at night also had to be arranged in advance because many formal and informal meetings were held at night. One day I met Yuan Geng's son Yuan Zhongyin in the elevator of the office building. A reporter of ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'', Comrade Chen Yihao introduced my intention of coming here to him, he immediately said, "What is there to write? So many people have written about it. If you want to publish a book, you can collect them." I thought that he was influenced by his father, not very welcome interviews. “Take it a step at a time. I must find you." I said in my heart.<br />
<br />
多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙，约定了一天晚上9点钟去访问工业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人，穿过海滨花园，沐着海风，经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边，漫步走向梁宪的住处。早已听说，他1962年毕业于中山大学外语系，是梁宗岱教授的高足，对法国文学很有研究。果然，一见之下，我就感到他是一个充满艺术气质的人。 <br />
<br />
Thanks to the help of Comrade Huang Hongjian, a female writer and screenwriter of the Pearl River Film Studio who was the deputy director of the office here, we made an arrangement to visit Liang Xian, a member of the management committee of the Industrial Zone, at 9 o'clock one night. Huang Hongjian, Chen Yihao, and I walked through the seaside garden with the sea breeze, passed by Minghua ship of "Sea World” with brilliant light, and strolled towards Liang Xian's residence. I had already heard that he graduated from the Department of Foreign Languages of Sun Yat-sen University in 1962, who was a student of Professor Liang Zongdai and knew a lot about French literature. Sure enough, I felt that he was a man full of artistic temperament at first sight.<br />
<br />
他掏出港币，买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客，然后和我们谈笑风生。 <br />
<br />
He pulled out Hong Kong dollars and bought a few cans of iced Coca-Cola to entertain us, and then talked and laughed with us.<br />
<br />
“你们是文人，我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人，她在中央戏剧学院教书。我对她说：你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的，但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。中国像你们这样的文人太多，像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一句英语，“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙，黄虹坚一时也没反应过来，陈宜浩翻译说：”他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑起来。 <br />
<br />
"You are men of letters, and I’m a businessman. I gave up writing and engaged in business. My wife is also a man of letters, who teaches at the Central Academy of Drama. I said to her: Tang and Song poetry you talk about are very beautiful, but they can't solve the problem of the people's hunger. There are too many literati like you in China, and too few businessmen like me." He suddenly spoke an English sentence to Huang Hongjian, "I will change you into a business woman." I was baffled, and Huang Hongjian didn't understand at the moment, and Chen Yihao translated, "He said he would change you into a business woman.” We all laughed happily.<br />
<br />
梁宪大学毕业的时候，老百姓正在饿肚子，大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法国文学的尖子，后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作，比袁庚晚半年多一点。袁庚很器重他，有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。 <br />
<br />
When Liang Xian graduated from university, people were starving, and probably no unit needed a top student who studied French literature. Then he went to the Ministry of Communications. He was sent to work for the China Merchants Hong Kong in July 1979, more than half a year later than Yuan Geng. Yuan Geng thought highly of him, and some people said that he was Yuan Geng's "think-tank man".<br />
<br />
“我去香港的时候，老婆说：最怕你没骨气，没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是有的，外派干部只要有一点热血，就不是追求几大件，而是感到抬不起头来！ <br />
<br />
"When I went to Hong Kong, my wife said: What I fear the most is that you don’t have the backbone. If you don’t have it, let’s get divorced sooner rather than later. Of course I have it. As long as dispatched cadres have a little passion, they would not pursue some popular household items, but feel embarrassed to keep the head up!”<br />
<br />
“刚到香港，每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐，一串串的，海上漂着偷渡者的尸体，我们不能忍受，啪一声把电视关了。 <br />
<br />
“When I just arrived in Hong Kong, I watched TV every day to see young stowaways in chains of handcuffs, and dead bodies of stowaways floating in the sea. We could not bear it and snapped the TV off.”<br />
<br />
“我们国内建设搞不好，连一些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们，心里真难受呀。所以，我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过：‘我之所以这么干，是为了实现我入党时的初衷。’” <br />
<br />
“When we didn’t do well in nation-building, even some children of dispatched cadres who grew up in Hong Kong also looked down on us. It hurted a lot. So I understand Yuan Geng's mood for engaging in reform. He said, 'I did it because I wanted to realize the original intention when I joined the CPC.'"<br />
<br />
一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿，梁宪又概括地说： <br />
<br />
His words made my heart heavy. After a pause, Liang Xian said in a nutshell:<br />
<br />
“我熟悉的人当中，有两个热血男儿，一个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛，一个就是袁庚！” <br />
<br />
“There are two hot-blooded men in people who I am familiar with. One is my wife’s godfather Liu Rentao, and the other is Yuan Geng!"<br />
<br />
好一个“热血男儿”！这个词太恰当了，把这两个人相提并论太好了，我不禁怦然心动，觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。 <br />
<br />
What a "hot-blooded man"! This word was so appropriate. Comparing these two people was too good. I couldn’t help but feel excited that I thought I found the best way to Yuan Geng's inner world.<br />
<br />
也真巧，比我年长20岁的刘任涛，是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第一流的眼科专家，共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长，曾为刘伯承元帅安过义眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》，改行当了电影编剧，“文化大革命”中在珠影被诬为“历史反革命”，打断五根肋骨，投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动期间，他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明，不顾自己的政治处境，不顾没有任何医疗条件，决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他：“万一失败，你就是阶级报复，就会重进监狱。”他不听，他终于成功了。”作为医生，我拯救了我的灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀，立下遗嘱：死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
<br />
And coincidentally, Liu Rentao, who is 20 years older than me, is my admired elder and friend. This first-rate eye specialist in China was the director of the Shanghai Labor Hospital in the early days of the People’s Republic of China, and once installed a prosthetic eye for Marshal Liu Bocheng. Later, he became a movie scriptwriter after he wrote a movie script Dove of Peace. During the "Cultural Revolution", he was considered as a “pre-liberation counter-revolutionary" in the Pearl River Film Studio. His five ribs were broken and he was put into prison. When he labored under supervision at the "May 7 Cadre School" in Yingde, he saw a rural woman who was blind due to cataracts, and in spite of his political situation and the lack of any medical conditions, he decided to operate on the patient with a razor blade. A kind people advised him, “If you fail, it will be the class revenge and you’ll go back to prison." He didn't listen to it, and he finally succeeded." As a doctor, I saved my soul." Now he was over 70 years old, and he made a will: After his death, he would dedicate his eyes to the Eye Bank of Sun Yat-sen Medical College. Then he ran around and appealed for the restoration and establishment of schools for blind children...<br />
<br />
刘任涛和袁庚，经历和事业完全不同，但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身精神，是多么相似呵！我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚，觉得对袁庚也开始熟悉了。<br />
<br />
Liu Rentao and Yuan Geng had completely different experiences and careers, but they were patriotic and full of passion with the spirit of dedication. How similar they were! I imagined unfamiliar Yuan Geng from familiar Liu Rentao, thinking that I began to get familiar with Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
三、“冒险家” <br />
<br />
Ⅲ. “Adventurer"<br />
<br />
刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障，要冒风险。袁庚在蛇口进行改革，要冒更大的风险：两年之前，不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影地攻击经济特区嘛！ <br />
<br />
Liu Rentao, as a target of dictatorship, it was risky to use a razor blade to cut cataracts for a poor rural woman. Yuan Geng had to take an even greater risk when he carried out a reform in Shekou: Two years ago, someone wrote an article in the newspaper to assail the Special Economic Zone by insinuation!<br />
<br />
但是，时代毕竟不同了，今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月9日，胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区，袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆，和总书记有一段精彩的对话。 <br />
<br />
But times were different after all. Today's reform was carried out under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee. On February 9, 1983, General Secretary Hu Yaobang visited Shekou Industrial Zone. Yuan Geng opened his mind to the General Secretary, having a good conversation with him.<br />
<br />
袁庚：关于改革问题，现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看，凡是搞改革的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法，最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪，改良主义，结果六君子被杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革，我想不会落得前人这样的下场，我们是在党的领导下进行的，不会有问题吧，我们值得冒这个险！ <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: For the issue of reform, we need to carry out comprehensive reform now. Historically, all those who engaged in reforms came to a bad end. Two thousand years ago, Shang Yang carried out reform and was finally put to death. Wang Anshi’s Reform did not end well either. Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao just advocated constitutional monarchy and practiced reformism, but they were all decapitated. Sun Yat-sen’s reform also failed. Now, I think our reform will not end up like the predecessors. We are under the leadership of the Party. There will be no problem, so we are worth the risk!<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：过去的改革是下层少数人去改，领导者、统治者是压制的。现在不同，我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改，现在和过去根本不同嘛！ <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: In the past, the reform was carried out by a few people at the lower level, while the leaders and rulers were repressive. Now is different. Our leaders are taking the lead to call and urge the subordinates to reform. The present is fundamentally different from the past!<br />
<br />
袁庚：我们感到，我们的干部是不大怕群众的，只怕顶头上司，怕上司不喜欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说，我每次来蛇口，一上码头，前呼后拥的，下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒，就会忘乎所以，久而久之，就不怕群众，不怕下级，因为群众、下级撤不了我的职，我只怕交通部，怕顶头上司，只有他们才能撤我的职。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: We feel that our cadres are not afraid of the masses, but only afraid of their superiors, afraid that their superiors do not like them and then they can’t be leaders. As a small leader, every time I came to Shekou, I walked on the pier with many subordinates crowding around, who feared that they didn’t attend me well. Sometimes I was not sober, I would get carried away, and over time, I am not afraid of the masses, and not afraid of subordinates, because the masses and subordinates can’t dismiss me from my post. I am only afraid of the Ministry of Communications, afraid of my immediate superior. Only they can dismiss me from my post.<br />
<br />
所以，群众监督干部，群众有权选举和罢免干部，这至关重要。我们这里想搞个改革试点，管委会由群众选举产生，每年投一次信任票，如果不信任票超过半数，管委会就得改选，个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公开的、直接的，由群众投票选举的领导班子，就会想群众之所想，急群众之所急，就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手，就有人自动送礼上门，如果头脑不清醒，不能自律，就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装懂，诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部，我相信可以改变一下干部的结构和干部的作风。我们想做这样一个不太小的改革，准备冒一点风险。 <br />
<br />
Therefore, it is crucial that the masses supervise cadres and have the right to elect and dismiss them. We want to carry out a pilot reform here. The management committee is elected by the masses, and a vote of confidence is held once a year. If more than half of the people cast votes of no confidence, the management committee will have to be re-elected. If a member got more than half of the votes of no confidence, he will have to step down. This open and direct leading group, elected following a ballot by the masses, will think what the masses think, worry what the masses worry, and will actually do something good for the masses. Because once some leaders have the power in hand, someone will automatically send gifts to them. If their minds are not sober, they can not be self-disciplined, and will get carried away. There are also some cadres who pretend to understand what they don’t know. If the masses have the right to elect and supervise cadres, I believe we can change the structure of cadres and the work style of cadres. We want to make such a not-so-small reform and are prepared to take some risks.<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：（点头）好！很好！ <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: (nodding) Good! Very good!<br />
<br />
袁庚：总书记说了好，我们就记录在案，马上打报告这样做。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: Since General Secretary said good, we will record it, and immediately report and carry out it.<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿，在哪一出戏里我忘记了，讽刺官僚主义者，他不敢骂台上的官，只敢骂戏台上堂前的鼓。有一段唱词说：”一棵大树腹中空，两头都是皮儿绷，每天上堂敲三下，卟咚卟咚又卟咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛！（全场大笑） <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: (happily standing up) We have a famous dramatist named Guan Hanqing in history. In which play I forget, satirizing bureaucrats, he did not dare to curse the leaders on the stage, only dare to curse the drums in the hall on the stage. There is a line in the librettos of the drama that says: "A big tree is hollow in the belly, whose both ends have tight leather. Every day knocked it three times in the hall. Pu dong, pu dong and pu dong (the sound of a drum beating)." That is “not understanding” (the pronunciation of it in Chinese is similar to “pu dong”)! (all of them laughing)<br />
<br />
党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印，想到一块去了，这在蛇口的发展史上，是应当大书特书的。 <br />
<br />
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPC and the Secretary of the Party Committee of Shekou Industrial Zone shared the same thought. It deserved to be written about in the history of Shekou's development.<br />
<br />
1983年4月24日，选举产生了蛇口工业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22日，按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票？ <br />
<br />
On April 24, 1983, a new management committee of Shekou Industrial Zone was elected. On April 22, 1984, a vote of confidence in the management committee was held as scheduled. Was it necessary to hold a vote of confidence?<br />
<br />
组干处处长虞德海说：“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的，信任票不足半数就得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决，一定要搞信任投票。”投票结果，管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数，袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上，全部投票公开，任人查阅，尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐，如“某某能力低”“某某不堪信任”之类，也不加掩饰。 <br />
<br />
Yu Dehai, the director of the Division of Organizing Cadres, said, "Even I was a little hesitant. Because the result of a vote of confidence is to be fulfilled. If a member got less than half of the votes of confidence, he will have to step down. I thought we might as well carry out public opinion polls. But Yuan Dong was very determined to hold a vote of confidence." The result was that the members of the management committee all got more than half of the votes of confidence, and Yuan Geng got the most. That night, all the votes were open for inspection. Although some of the criticism was very sharp, such as "so-and-so has the low ability”, "so-and-so is untrustworthy" and so on, they didn’t hide their real thoughts.<br />
<br />
这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。 <br />
<br />
This was the most important reform of all in the Shekou Industrial Zone.<br />
<br />
四、“那里不肯放，就辞职！” <br />
<br />
Ⅳ. "If They Refuse to Let You Go, You Quit!"<br />
<br />
选举产生领导班子，定期举行信任投票，这是袁庚深思熟虑的一项决定。 <br />
<br />
The leading group was elected and a vote of confidence was regularly held. It was decided after Yuan Geng’s careful consideration.<br />
<br />
他深深感到，不改革干部制度，不改变干部结构，任何改革都无从谈起，“四化”也只是一句空话。 <br />
<br />
He deeply felt that without reforming the cadre system and changing the structure of cadre, no reform could be done, and the "Four Modernizations" was just a hollow phrase.<br />
<br />
有的领导干部，居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人：“你们大学建多大的桥？”问来访的美国客人：“英国人讲英语，你们美国人讲什么语？”还有人向中央领导同志汇报他到香港考察的收获：“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯！”如此等等，令人啼笑皆非。这样的干部，怎能担当建设”四化”的重任！ <br />
<br />
Some leading cadres even asked the visitors from the University of Cambridge in England: “What size of the bridge does your university build?" and asked the visitors from America: "British speak English, and what language do you Americans speak?" Someone reported to the leading comrades of the Central Committee what he had learned from his visit to Hong Kong, “There is a sea change in my mind!" And so on. It was ridiculous. How could such cadres take on the heavy responsibility of building the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地），指挥部只有二十多个干部的时候，袁庚就开始考虑如何培育一支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命化的干部队伍。1981年，他排除阻カ，毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班，从全国各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说，“我是个冒险家，为了蛇口的改革，我从全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。 <br />
<br />
When Shekou was still in the process of “five accesses and one leveling” (access to water, electricity, road, and natural gas, ventilation, and leveling the ground), and there were only twenty cadres in the headquarters, Yuan Geng began to consider how to cultivate a young, knowledgeable, professional and revolutionary cadres troop. In 1981, he removed the obstruction and decided to organize a training course for business management cadres, recruiting graduates who majored in science and engineering from all over the country. In his words, "I am an adventurer, and for the reform in Shekou, I gathered a group of small adventurers from all over the country".<br />
<br />
当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员，委托交通部下属的交通科学院情报所代为主持，在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。 <br />
<br />
At that time, Shekou Industrial Zone did not have the ability to send its own admissions officers, so it entrusted the Institute of Information of the Academy of Transportation Science under the Ministry of Communications to be in charge of the first exam in Wuhan. The first person to enter the examination room was Wang Chaoliang, an engineer of the Ship’s Hull Laboratory of the Yangtze River Shipping Scientific Research Institute under the Ministry of Communications.<br />
<br />
王潮梁1938年出生于江苏无锡，1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计专业。早在1958年，他就参考外国的资料，在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫原理，并和同学们一道造出了样品，在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是，在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年代，几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机工厂飞机设计室任产品主管设计员，那时生产要听驻厂军代表的，而军代表只相信苏联专家和苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料，翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂，即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂，也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚子气，却毫无办法。岁月如流，王潮梁搞了17年飞机设计，却看到我们的飞机工业比印度还落后；又研制了四年的飞翔船，却看不到一艘飞翔船下水，那种壮志难酬的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会，唯一的名额给了业务上根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培训班招生的广告时，他兴奋极了，“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方，去！”立刻把广告剪下来，郑重地贴在本子上。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province in 1938, and graduated from the Department of Aircraft of Northwestern Polytechnic University with the major of aircraft design in 1960. As long ago as 1958, he was the first person in China to study the principle of air cushion of hydrofoils by referring to foreign materials, and built a sample together with his classmates, which was performed on the Weiming Lake of Peking University. At that time, the British were only half a year ahead of them in their research on hydrofoils. However, in this age when "steel-making" was more valued than scientific research, the research of these few young boys was doomed to failure. After graduation, he was assigned to the aircraft design office of an aircraft factory as a design supervisor. At that time, production had to follow the resident military representatives in the factory, who only trusted Soviet experts and Soviet drawings. For example, it was required to use Ural wood for a certain propeller, and Ukrainian sand for molding. Even if China had better wood and better sand, it was not allowed to change. Wang Chaoliang, who was the new kid on the block, was very angry, but he could do nothing. As the years passed quickly, Wang Chaoliang engaged in aircraft design for 17 years, but saw that our aircraft industry even lagged behind that of India; and he developed a hydrofoil for four years, but could not see a hydrofoil launched. The pain of being difficult to fulfill his aspirations tormented his ambitions. There was an opportunity for a study tour to the Federal Republic of Germany, and the only place was given to the daughter of a minister who was nothing compared to him in the business. When he saw a recruitment advertisement for a training course for business management cadres in Shekou Industrial Zone in the newspaper, he was excited, "Shekou is a place where you have to build a career by your own ability. Go!" He immediately cut out the advertisement and stuck it solemnly on the notebook.<br />
<br />
他第一个走进考场，第一个走出考场。笔试、面试，成绩优良。主持考试的情报所林鸿慈同志下了结论：这是个人才，录取！ <br />
<br />
He was the first to enter and the first to leave the examination room. He got good grades on written examination and oral examination. Comrade Lin Hongci of the Institute of Information, who was in charge of the examination, concluded: This is a talent. Accept!<br />
<br />
但是，在中国有一个很大的矛盾：生产资料是全民所有制，干部却是单位私有制。一个单位可以把一个或一批人才冷藏一辈子。 <br />
<br />
However, there was a big contradiction in China: The means of production were owned by the whole people, but the cadres were privately owned by units. A talent or a group of talents could be shelved by a unit for life.<br />
<br />
长江航运科研所不肯放人。 <br />
<br />
The Yangtze River Shipping Scientific Research Institute refused to let him go.<br />
<br />
1981年11月，袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他，向他汇报了招生的情况，特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。 <br />
<br />
In November 1981, Yuan Geng was hospitalized in Guangzhou. Lin Hongci visited him in the Eastern District of Guangdong Provincial Hospital and reported to him about the enrollment situation, especially about the problem of Wang Chaoliang.<br />
<br />
袁庚很激动。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was very excited.<br />
<br />
“小王是不是党员？” <br />
<br />
"Is Wang a member of the CPC?"<br />
<br />
“不是。” <br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量，开个头，那里不肯放，就辞职！我这里收。最多就是人家去告状，最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先例。告到国务院，我们就把这个同志的情况报上去，中央领导会支持我们。新华社社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开‘干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人在单位不充分发挥作用，又不让调，这个局面不打开是不成的！” <br />
<br />
“It is less difficult to solve if he is not a member of the party. I don’t know if he has the guts to set a precedent. If they refuse to let you go, you quit! I’ll accept you. The most they can do is to complain to superior authorities, and finally to the State Council. I hope one or two comrades will set the precedent. If they complain to the State Council, we will report the situation of this comrade, and the leaders of the Central Committee will support us. Comrade Zeng Tao, the president of Xinhua News Agency, hoped that we could break the 'private ownership of cadres'. Now the problem of brain waste is too serious. People does not play a full role in the unit, and not allowed to transfer. This situation must be changed!"<br />
<br />
林鸿慈被袁庚打动了，写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁，同时通过各种渠道去做说服、疏通工作。终于，用不着王潮梁辞职，单位同意放人了。1982年，王潮梁来到蛇口工业区。 <br />
<br />
Lin Hongci was impressed by Yuan Geng, wrote a letter to tell Wang Chaoliang the content of this conversation, and persuaded Wang’s unit and reconciled the two sides through various channels. Finally, Wang Chaoliang didn’t need to resign, and the unit agreed to let him go. In 1982, Wang Chaoliang came to Shekou Industrial Zone.<br />
<br />
五、企业管理研究生 <br />
<br />
V. Graduate Student Majoring in Business Management<br />
<br />
1982年12月的一天晚上，一个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
<br />
One night in December 1982, a young man in his thirties arrived at Yuan Geng's home in Xiyuan, Beijing.<br />
<br />
这是一次事先约定的会见。 <br />
<br />
It was a pre-arranged meeting.<br />
<br />
年轻人叫余昌民，刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生，工作了八九年，深感中国企业管理的弊病太多，1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。 <br />
<br />
The young man named Yu Changmin, was one of the first group of graduate students in the Department of Business Management at Tsinghua University and just graduated. He was originally a graduate of the Department of Electrical Engineering at Tsinghua University, majoring in Automation. After working for about nine years, he felt that there were too many drawbacks in Chinese business management. In 1979, he returned to Tsinghua University to study for an MBA degree.<br />
<br />
1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年，专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息，《读卖新闻》为此发了专稿，登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了，干什么好呢？ <br />
<br />
In 1980, Yu Changmin went to Japan to study further for a year, specializing in Japanese business management. The Japanese took it as important information, and the ''Yomiuri Shimbun'' published a special article with his picture. Now that Yu Changmin had graduated, what job should he do?<br />
<br />
学校建议他到国家经委属下的中国企业研究协会去，这当然是个专业对口的美差，但是在武汉工作的爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候，蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。 <br />
<br />
The university suggested him to go to the Chinese Association for Enterprise Research under the Chinese National Economic Council, which was a good job in line with his specialty, but it was difficult for his lover who worked in Wuhan to transfer to Beijing. At this time, the wind of the reform in Shekou came to his ears.<br />
<br />
他每星期上街去买《深圳特区报》，得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝，如饥似渴地加以研究。不难判断，蛇口工业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去！决心下定了，系里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会，经朋友介绍，他就来登门拜访了。 <br />
<br />
He went out to buy the ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'' every week. When he got a copy of the earliest ''A Brief Introduction of Investment'', he regarded it as a treasure, and studied it hungrily. It was not difficult to judge that Shekou Industrial Zone was the ideal place to realize his aspirations. Go to Shekou! He made the decision and was supported by the department. Now Yuan Geng was in Beijing for a meeting, so he came to visit him by recommendation of a friend.<br />
<br />
会面的一瞬间，两个人互相观察了一下。 <br />
<br />
At the moment they met, the two men observed each other.<br />
<br />
“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗？穿件中式棉袄，和一般的老干部没啥差别，不是想象中的那个改革家的模样，而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真的值得？” <br />
<br />
"Is this the famous reformer Yuan Geng? Wearing a Chinese cotton jacket, he is no different from ordinary old cadres, not the reformer’s appearance I imagined. And I heard that he is poorly educated... Is it really worth it to work with him?"<br />
<br />
真正的一闪念，没容余昌民多想，袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
<br />
When this really sudden idea did not allow Yu Changmin to think more, Yuan Geng had already enthusiastically offered his seat and poured tea.<br />
<br />
谈话开门见山。 <br />
<br />
The conversation came straight to the point. <br />
<br />
“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里？” <br />
<br />
"What do you think is the fatal problem in China’s economy?"<br />
<br />
“在于体制。” <br />
<br />
"It lies in the system."<br />
<br />
“对了！”袁庚兴奋起来，侃侃而谈，”上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦，说他们要一千人，劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用，那七百是搭配的闲人，你再要，就再搭配，再多余，反正是大锅饭，大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了，还说这是社会主义的优越性！这样，工厂冗员越来越多，工厂成了小社会，在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的，形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ，败坏着我们的民族素质！这样的体制不改革，我们就没有出路！” <br />
<br />
"That's right!" Yuan Geng got excited, and spoke with fervor and assurance, "A director of a shipyard in Shanghai once complained to me, and said they wanted a thousand people, but they needed only three hundred people among the people the labor department allocated, and the other seven hundred people were ideal workers. If they asked for it again, they would be allocated again, then there were more redundant workers. They had to get equal pay anyway. They only needed to be paid in a muddle and said this was the superiority of socialism! In this way, there were more and more redundant workers in the factory. The factory became a small society, where the lazy workers exploited the hard-working workers, forming a terrible social habits force, which corrupted our national quality! If such a system is not reformed, we have no way out!"<br />
<br />
“我的一篇论文，提出了企业的素质问题。” <br />
<br />
"I have a paper that raises the issue of the quality of business."<br />
<br />
“有何高见？” <br />
<br />
"What’s your opinion?"<br />
<br />
“素质，好比基本作用，像女排，形成了她们的基本作风，就有战斗カ。” <br />
<br />
"Quality is like the basic role. For example, the women's volleyball team has formed their basic style, so they are effective.<br />
"<br />
“就把一个企业比作球队吧，假如你是教练，别人随便塞人给你，你怎么办？” <br />
<br />
"Let's compare an enterprise to a team. If you are the coach, what do you do when someone foists a player on you?"<br />
<br />
“我不要。” <br />
<br />
"I will not take it."<br />
<br />
“不要不行！” <br />
<br />
"No, you must take it!"<br />
<br />
“那我不干。” <br />
<br />
"I will disagree with it."<br />
<br />
“对了，就得这样。” <br />
<br />
"That's right. That's how it should be."<br />
<br />
一老一少，越谈越投机，彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处一闪而过的那点疑虑也完全打消了。 <br />
<br />
An old man and a young man, the more they talked, the happier they were, who both felt close to each other. The doubt that flashed through Yu Changmin’s deep heart was completely dispelled.<br />
<br />
“我们这里可要冒点风险。” <br />
<br />
"We have to take some risks here."<br />
<br />
“正因为这样オ要去，建设好了还去干什么？” <br />
<br />
"That's why I want to go there. If it has been built, why do I go there?"<br />
<br />
“你个人有什么要求？” <br />
<br />
"What are your personal requirements?"<br />
<br />
“只要求家属一起去。” <br />
<br />
"I only ask that my family can go with me."<br />
<br />
“这个我们来办。” <br />
<br />
"We will deal with that."<br />
<br />
两个月后，余昌民父亲去世，回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化，系里要留他。企业管理系刚刚建立，工作需要，理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚飞往蛇口，收不回来了。 <br />
<br />
Two months later, Yu Changmin's father died and he came home to the funeral. At this time the school's attitude changed and the department wanted to keep him. The Department of Business Administration had just been established and the work needed him. The reasons were good. But Yu Changmin's heart had already flown to Shekou with Yuan Geng and could not be retrieved.<br />
<br />
1983年3月，袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客，系里派余昌民随行。系领导的目的，是让校长对余昌民有个印象，说服他留下来，同时出面解决他家属的户ロ问题。 <br />
<br />
In March 1983, Yuan Geng invited Liu Da, the president of Tsinghua University, to Shekou, and the department sent Yu Changmin to accompany him. The purpose of the department leaders was to give the president an impression of Yu Changmin, persuade him to stay, and solve his family member’s problem of household registration.<br />
<br />
谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口，袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有，余昌民暗示要做刘达的工作。 <br />
<br />
But it backfired. Once Liu Da and his party arrived in Shekou, Yuan Geng asked Yu Changmin if the transfer had been finalized, and Yu Changmin hinted that he had to do something to persuade Liu Da.<br />
<br />
余昌民再一次请求：”校长，让我来蛇口吧。” <br />
<br />
Yu Changmin asked him again, “President, let me come to Shekou."<br />
<br />
“系里要我帮忙留你，我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。 <br />
<br />
"The department asked me to help to keep you, and I promised it." President Liu looked confused.<br />
<br />
袁庚一再要求支持：”刘达同志，把小余给我们吧，我们迫切需要企业管理的专门人才。” <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng repeatedly asked for support, "Comrade Liu Da, give us Yu. We urgently need a specialist in business management."<br />
<br />
刘达心动了。这位参加过“一二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
<br />
Liu Da was moved. The old comrade who participated in the “December 9th" Movement, was known for “covering up for intellectuals” as early as 1957 when he was the head of the Department of Forestry. He fully understood the need of Shekou and Yuan Geng and Yu Changmin's feelings. But he had to respect the department leaders and promised to solve the solution with the department when he went back.<br />
<br />
回去后，余昌民给系里写了报告，对系里的教育培养表示感谢，说明清华企业管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设，这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都至关重要。 <br />
<br />
When they went back, Yu Changmin wrote a report to the department, expressing his gratitude for the department's education and training, and explaining that the Department of Business Administration at Tsinghua University needed to agree its own graduates to participate in the construction of Shekou, which was crucial for the school’s research and information sources in the future.<br />
<br />
问题迎刃而解。7月，夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。 <br />
<br />
The problem was solved. In July, the procedures of the couple’s transfers were both completed.<br />
<br />
当余昌民到工业区大楼报到的时候，在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口，边走边说：”你是研究企业管理的，你先熟悉一下情况，有把握了再谈工作……” <br />
<br />
When Yu Changmin reported to the Industrial Zone building, he met Yuan Geng outside the building door. Yuan Geng affectionately took his hand and walked from the door to the elevator, saying, “You study the business management. You can familiarize yourself with the situation at first, and then talk about work when you get familiar with it."<br />
<br />
袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信，其中有一段话： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng also wrote a letter of thanks to Liu Da, which included a paragraph:<br />
<br />
关于小余的事，同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失一小余，无妨大局，蛇口得之，如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下，工业区将受其惠。 <br />
<br />
On the matter about Yu, the comrades admire your selflessness so much. Losing Yu couldn’t affect the general situation for Tsinghua, but Sheko will be better after having him... Tsinghua has students all over the world, and the industrial zone will be benefited from it.<br />
<br />
重感情的刘达，把这封信送给了余昌民，让他留作永久的纪念。 <br />
<br />
Liu Da, who valued the relationship, gave this letter to Yu Changmin, letting him keep it as a permanent memorial.<br />
<br />
六、星期天的早晨 <br />
<br />
Ⅵ. Sunday Morning<br />
<br />
星期天早晨8点钟，顾立基刚起床，洗了脸，正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的，大家都熬了夜，现在让他们多睡一会儿吧。顾立基轻手轻脚，唯恐弄出一点声音来。 <br />
<br />
At 8 o'clock on Sunday morning, Gu Liji just got up, washed his face, and was cooking instant noodles. The other four students in the same room were still sleeping soundly. They could turn off the lights late on Saturday night, and everyone stayed up all night, so let them get more sleep now. Gu Liji was cautious, lest he made a little noise.<br />
<br />
“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗？” <br />
<br />
"Excuse me, does Comrade Gu Liji live here?"<br />
<br />
门外传来一个声音。顾立基一看，走廊上站着一个六十多岁的老人和一个姑娘。 <br />
<br />
A voice came from outside the door. Gu Liji saw an old man in his sixties and a girl standing in the corridor.<br />
<br />
“我就是顾立基，您是？” <br />
<br />
"I am Gu Liji, and may I know who you are?"<br />
<br />
“我是袁庚，蛇口的袁庚。”老人首先伸出手来，“这是我女儿尼亚，她不放心我的身体，一定要陪我来，其实我的身体还可以。你看，骑了半小时车子，轻松愉快。” <br />
<br />
"I'm Yuan Geng, Yuan Geng from Shekou." The old man first extended his hand, "This is my daughter Nia. She is worried about my health, and she must come with me. But I’m okay. You see, it’s easy and pleasant to ride the bike for half an hour.”<br />
<br />
顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 <br />
<br />
Gu Liji never dreamed that the famous Yuan Geng would come to the dormitory of Tsinghua University to see him.<br />
<br />
他深受感动。 <br />
<br />
He was deeply moved.<br />
<br />
“我们到楼下谈吧，同学们还在睡觉。” <br />
<br />
"Let's talk downstairs. The students are still sleeping."<br />
<br />
楼下有一张靠背长椅，三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨，不冷不热，阳光和煦，轻风拂面，校园一片宁静的气氛。 <br />
<br />
There was a bench downstairs, and the three of them sat down side by side. In the morning of May, it was not cold or hot, the sun was warm, with a refreshing breeze blowing, and the campus was in a peaceful atmosphere.<br />
<br />
“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会？” <br />
<br />
"I heard that you organized an association of enthusiasts of business management?"<br />
<br />
“是的，现在会员有一千多人了，成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。” <br />
<br />
"Yes. There are more than a thousand members now, and Liu Da and Yu Guangyuan both came to attend the founding meeting."<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长？” <br />
<br />
"I also heard that you want to be the factory director?"<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊，”顾立基笑了，“我是说过想当厂长，为此还惹过一些麻烦呢。” <br />
<br />
"You're well informed," Gu Liji laughed, "I did say that I wanted to be the factory director, and I got into some trouble for that."<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦？” <br />
<br />
"What kind of trouble?"<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。” <br />
<br />
"Someone said I was ambitious."<br />
<br />
“岂有此理！想当个厂长是什么野心！‘不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’，这是拿破仑说的还是谁说的？一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对！” <br />
<br />
"It is nonsense! What kind of ambition is it to want to be a factory director? 'A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier', was said by Napoleon or others? There's nothing wrong with a college student wanting to be a factory director!"<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的，但是我感到中国更需要管理人才，所以主动旁听了企业管理系研究生的全部课程。” <br />
<br />
"I majored in computer science, but I felt that China needed management talents more, so I actively sit in on all the courses that graduate students of the Department of Business Administration took as an observer".<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧，我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班，要培养大量的管理人才。” <br />
<br />
"Go to Shekou. We have a training course for business management cadres, and we have to train a large number of management talents."<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像，我的心就动了，只是还没下定决心。” <br />
<br />
"When I saw a video about Shekou last November, my heart moved, but I just hadn’t made up my mind yet."<br />
<br />
“现在呢？” <br />
<br />
"And now?"<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了，去蛇口。” <br />
<br />
"Now I've made up my mind to go to Shekou."<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗？” <br />
<br />
"Good! We welcome you! Do you have any difficulties?"<br />
<br />
有什么困难？1982年的初夏，社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的，有人在报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界，影射特区有变成租界的危险，造成一股无形的压力，因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些，可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的人在一起，冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去，下属工厂任他挑选，这些，对他有一定的吸引力。他自从1967年中学毕业，1968年进上海印染机械修配厂，十年中当过锅炉工、车工、錠工、钳工、电工，当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为，1974年顾立基和他们争吵过一次，挨了批斗，却受到工人们的同情，和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要毕业了，朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查，他是材料组的负责人，如果不来上大学，早就走上领导岗位了，现在回去，工作安排是不成问题的。但是，陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大，他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的是，母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房，姐妹们都在外地，母亲希望他留在身边，爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
What were the difficulties? In the early summer of 1982, there was still a lot of criticism in society about the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. Some people wrote articles in the newspapers about foreign settlements in old China, insinuating that the Special Economic Zone was in danger of becoming a foreign settlement, which created an invisible pressure, so some people said "the future of the Special Economic Zone is uncertain”. These could be disregarded. Gu Liji wanted to be with someone like Yuan Geng, and it was worth the risk. The company in Shanghai wanted him to go back, and the subordinate factories could be selected by him, which had a certain appeal to him. He graduated from high school in 1967, and joined the Shanghai Printing and Dyeing Machinery Repair Factory in 1968, and worked as a boilermaker, lathe worker, ladle man, bench worker, electrician, and full-time secretary of the Youth League general branch for ten years. Because he did not like the bad things done by the factory rebel group which was controlled by Wang Hongwen's little brothers, Gu Liji quarreled with them in 1974 and then was criticized, but was sympathized by the workers, who established a deep relationship with them. Now he was about to graduate from college, and his friends wanted him to go back. If he had not come to college, he would have taken a leading position. After the “Gang of Four" was smashed, the factory checked the people involved. He was the person in charge of the material group. If he didn't go to university, he would have been a leader. If he went back now, the working arrangement was not a problem. However, the unfamiliar Shekou was more attractive to him than the familiar Shanghai, so he still wanted to choose Shekou. The trouble was that his mother and lover did not agree with him leaving Shanghai. Shanghai had spacious housing. His sisters were abroad, so his mother wanted him to stay around, not to mention his lover's attachment to Shanghai. This was also human nature.<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。 <br />
<br />
"I have to convince my mother and my lover." Gu Liji was embarrassed to say with a smile.<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口，使他动了感情，他滔滔不绝地发起议论来。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng could understand and believe in young men very much. Gu Liji resolutely chose Shekou, which moved him, and he talked volubly. <br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办一个工业区呢？为了在那块地方搞改革，搞全面的改革，从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度，都要改，不改就没有出路。过去三十年，极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候，海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体，都是青年，他们为什么要跑？因为我们穷！ <br />
<br />
"Your choice is right. Shekou has ample scope for your abilities. Why do we want to run an industrial zone in Shekou? In order to carry out a reform in that area, to carry out a comprehensive reform, from business management, and personnel system to the wage system, all have to be changed. Without change there is no way out. Over the past 30 years, we have suffered from the thought of the extreme 'left’ and the rigid system. When we first arrived in Shekou in early 1979, the bodies of stowaways were found in the bay, which were all young people. Why did they run away? Because we were poor! <br />
<br />
“‘四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’，越搞跑的人越多。一些村子的青壮年几乎跑光了，真叫人欲哭无泪！蛇口对面就是香港的元朗，相隔只有6000米，晴天能看到它的高楼，它就是在我们‘十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了，必须把经济搞上去，这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公里，对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛，我们改革成功了，对全国就有很大的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛，无伤大局。当然，我们一定要尽最大的努力，争取成功，避免失败。我们这一代人是老了，当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时候，时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……” <br />
<br />
"Why did the 'Gang of Four' conduct 'Political frontier defense’. More people ran away. Some of the young and strong people of the village almost ran away. It really made us want to cry! Across the sea from Shekou is Yuen Long in Hong Kong, only 6,000 meters apart. We can see the tall buildings there on a clear day. It was developed during our 'Ten Years of Turmoil'. We can't do meaningless things anymore. We must increase the economy, so we must reform the backward system. Although Shekou Industrial Zone is only 2.14 square kilometers, which is just a drop for the country's 9.6 million square kilometers. If our reform is successful, it will be of great significance to the country. If we fail, it is also a drop in the bucket, which doesn't affect the whole. Of course, we must do our best to strive for success and avoid failure. Our generation is old, and we don't have much time when we realize that we have to do something. So hope is pinned on you..."<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动，身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚，望着自己的父亲，眼睛也有点热了…… <br />
<br />
Gu Liji felt his blood flowing faster and his body was very hot. Nya, who had not made a sound, looked at his father and his eyes also felt a little hot...<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会 <br />
<br />
VII. Press Conference<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来，当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书，1984年4月被聘为办公室主任。 <br />
<br />
After Gu Liji came out of the training course, he worked as the industrial zone office secretary for a period of time and was hired as the office director in April 1984.<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚，因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口，听说顾立基6日一早要去香港，5日晚我去登门拜访。 <br />
<br />
I didn't see Yuan Geng in July and returned to Guangzhou for business. I returned to Shekou on August 5, and heard that Gu Liji was going to Hong Kong early in the morning on the 6th. I came to visit him on the evening of the 5th.<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告，我为了听这个报告，推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的，谁都可以听，欢迎你去。”一见面顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。 <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng is back in Hong Kong and will return to Shekou tomorrow afternoon. He will give a report at 7:30 p.m. in the club auditorium. I postponed my trip to Hong Kong for a day in order to listen to this report. The report was public that anyone can listen to it. Welcome to listen." As soon as we met, Gu Liji told me the good news.<br />
<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗？” <br />
<br />
"Could he have time to talk to me?"<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难，他在蛇口不会待太久，一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告，你最好陪他回宿舍——他儿子的住处，或者宾馆，这样边走边谈，可以谈十来分钟……” <br />
<br />
"I'm afraid it's difficult. He won't stay long in Shekou and has many things to deal with once he returns. After hearing the report tomorrow, you'd better accompany him back to his dormitory--his son's residence, or the hotel, so that you can talk for ten minutes while walking..."<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗？ <br />
<br />
I was a little disappointed. Was Yuan Geng really so hard to see?<br />
<br />
不管怎样，先听听他的报告再说吧。 <br />
<br />
Anyway, listened to his report first.<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半，袁庚的报告准时开始。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng's report began on time at 7:30 p.m. on August 6.<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影，大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。今天这个会也叫新闻发布会，街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂，基本上坐满了，放眼望过去，都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。 <br />
<br />
The club's auditorium was usually used to show movies, and large-scale rallies and press conferences were sometimes held here. Today's meeting was also called a press conference, and there were posters on the street. The auditorium, which could accommodate over a thousand people, was almost full. Looking around, there were all young and happy faces. <br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上，顾立基主持大会。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng and the manager of the China Merchants Hong Kong Development Department Xiong Bingquan, who visited abroad with him, sat on the rostrum while Gu Liji presided over the conference.<br />
<br />
一开始，袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说： <br />
<br />
At the beginning, Yuan Geng laughingly shook two sheets of paper and said:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕，只讲个把钟头。” <br />
<br />
"Don't be afraid, everyone. I only speak for one or two hours."<br />
<br />
人们笑了，其实怕的是他讲得太短。 <br />
<br />
People laughed. They were actually afraid that he spoke too short.<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问，历时23天，访问了4个国家、16个公司、18个城市，从新加坡开始，往西到英国，再到美国、日本，整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处，受到隆重的、破格的接待，我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们四个人，而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化，在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到做蛇口人的光荣。” <br />
<br />
"This trip abroad lasted 23 days, and visited 4 countries, 16 companies, and 18 cities, starting from Singapore, west to the United Kingdom, and then to the United States, Japan, going around the world. Everywhere we went, we received a grand and exceptional reception, which I have never received as a diplomat. This is not because people value the four of us, but because of the changes in China Merchants Group and Shekou Industrial Zone. All of you have contributed. I deeply appreciate the honor of being a Shekou people."<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张，出国访问要花自己的钱，花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、软弱的地位。这次出访，他们带了20万美金的信用卡，足够用了，所到之处都坚持这个原则，唯独在新加坡失灵了。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng always advocated that he needed to spend his own money on overseas visits. Spending other people's money would put him in a passive and weak position in negotiations. On this trip, they brought $200,000 in credit cards, enough to use. He adhered to this principle everywhere he went, except in Singapore.<br />
<br />
那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系，但新加坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检，从飞机场一直送到最高级的香格里拉大酒店，袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前，这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫人；在他之后，住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨），每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观什么项目，全部满足要求。 <br />
<br />
At that time we didn't have diplomatic relations with Singapore, but the relevant party in Singapore was very friendly. They were exempt from customs inspection, and were sent from the airport to the top-class Shangri-La Hotel, where Yuan Geng was put in the most luxurious "presidential suite" (before him, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher stayed here; after him, U.S. Secretary of State Schultz lived), with a daily room rate of HK$5,000. Their all requirements are met, no matter what they wanted to visit.<br />
<br />
临走结账时，酒店经理说：“在你们到来之前，已经有人付了全部费用。” <br />
<br />
When they checked out before leaving, the hotel manager said, "Someone had already paid the full cost before you came."<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁，英国老板们在海员罢工浪潮的冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们，给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说：“我们原打算3年之内种植20万株月季，把蛇口建成玫瑰之城，现在看来太落后了……” <br />
<br />
They visited Aberdeen, the logistical base of the North Sea Oil Field in Britain. They were impressed by the warm and courteous reception that they received from British bosses who were under the impact of the wave of seamen's strikes. They were equally impressed by the boundless blooming roses in the north of England." We originally planned to plant 200,000 China roses in three years to turn Shekou into a city of roses, but now it seems too far behind..." Yuan Geng said.<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国，主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。 <br />
<br />
The visit focused on the United States, and the main task was to sign a contract for the introduction of a float glass factory.<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡，大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。 <br />
<br />
In Pittsburgh, the Greater Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce honored Yuan Geng as an honorary member.<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔，华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民，交给他一把金钥匙。女市长在宴会上说：“我是百分之百的中国人，也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说：“我很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判，就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过，”在经济问题上，兄弟无情，六亲不认！何况是与外国人谈判！” <br />
<br />
In Montreal, the American Chinese mayoress, Lily Lee Chen, declared Yuan Geng an honorary citizen and handed him a golden key. The mayoress said at the banquet, "I am 100 percent Chinese and 100 percent American." Yuan Geng said, "I appreciate her words." The negotiations about the introduction of the float glass factory were not so easy. Yuan Geng said, "In economic matters, I am ruthless to brothers and place righteousness above family loyalty! Not to mention that I am negotiating with foreigners!"<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前，有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过的曲折。 <br />
<br />
Before appreciating Yuan Geng's art of negotiation, it was necessary to review the twists and turns at home to introduce the factory.<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。 <br />
<br />
let's use Yuan Geng's words to illustrate the point.<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日，袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说： <br />
<br />
On March 22, 1984, Yuan Geng said in a speech to the students of the third training course for business management cadres:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件，大家听了很高兴，但我们不要高兴得过早。不要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了，但官僚主义、红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事，还是有的。例如我们正在谈判的浮法玻璃厂，到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃，为什么不准我们用最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ？最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局交涉。她们去的时候，人家一口答应，讲你们回去好了，但等我们企业室派人带合同去盖章的时候，又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干，他们讲：‘你们派了记者、作家来，我敢不答应吗？弄得不好，你们要写报告文学，写内参，我受得了吗’？……” <br />
<br />
"The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a document on March 10. We are very happy to hear it, but we should not be happy too early. Do not think that everything is solved after they said something. The previous open challenges may be gone, but there are still bureaucracy, jealous men, people who guess the mind of a man of high character with a mean thought, and things of giving others a hard time. For example, float glass factory that we are negotiating for has not been approved until now. Our country has to import a large number of glass every year, why are we not allowed to use the most advanced technology to make glass to replace into the imported glass? We recently sent two capable women to the General Administration of Building Materials to negotiate. When they arrived, the people here freely agreed and said they could go back in peace, but when our enterprise office sent someone to Take the contract to be sealed, they overruled it. When we asked why they did it, they said: 'You sent journalists and writers. Did I dare not say yes? If we didn't do well, you would write reportage and internal references, could I stand it'? ..."<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨，交涉了九个月，オ过了国内这一关。 <br />
<br />
Good things never come easy. They negotiated for nine months to overcome this domestic difficulty.<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判，当然不可能用这么长的时间，但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想而知的。 <br />
<br />
Of course, it could not take such a long time to negotiate with the Americans, but the level of intensity of the bargaining could be imagined.<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂，简直是一座玻璃城！它生产各式各样的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃，用25磅大锤从20米外打去，地皮都震动了，玻璃却安然无恙。我们和美国合资，投资一亿美元，引进一座同样的工厂，买他的专利，以后我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点，集中在每年所付专利费占销售总额的百分比上。 <br />
<br />
The American float glass factory was a factory with advanced technology, which was totally a glass city! It produced all kinds of glass. There was a kind of toughened glass that was hit with a 25-pound sledgehammer from 20 meters away and the ground shook, but the glass stayed intact. We had a joint venture with the United States. We invested $100 million to bring in the factory and buy its patents. Then we could build a second and a third. It was a good deal. And the negotiations focused on the percentage of the annual royalties to be paid in total sales.<br />
<br />
美方要6%，我们还价4%。 <br />
<br />
The U.S. side wanted 6%, and we bargained for 4%.<br />
<br />
美方降到5%，我们加到4.5%。 <br />
<br />
The U.S. side dropped to 5%, and we increased to 4.5%.<br />
<br />
寸利必争，形成僵局。 <br />
<br />
They competed for their own profit, and a stalemate was formed.<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng spoke.<br />
<br />
“先生们，我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针，2000年前发明了火药，全人类都在享受这些伟大的成果，可是他们从来没有要过什么专利，我们作为后代从来没有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋，而是觉得光荣。请问各位，那时候你们的祖先在哪里？恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前，是不是毛特别多……” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, our ancestors invented the compass 4,000 years ago, and gunpowder 2,000 years ago. All the human beings enjoy these great achievements, but the ancestors never asked for any patents. We as future generations have never called them bastards because of it, but feel honored. May I ask you, where were your ancestors at that time? I am afraid they were still in the trees. Please look at your chests, are they very hairy..."<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前，一个个咧嘴笑了。 <br />
<br />
The Americans really looked down at their chests, and all grinned.<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕，我的意思不是不付专利费，而是要求公平合理r’ <br />
<br />
"But don't be afraid. I don't mean not to pay the royalties, but to ask you to be fair and reasonable!”<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格，坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们，说不定会抗议呢！”你骂我们的祖先，是可忍，孰不可忍！” <br />
<br />
This was typical Yuan Geng's style, frank, humorous and witty. It worked on Americans. If it were us, might have protested! "You scolded our ancestors. If this can be tolerated, what can not!"<br />
<br />
终于达成协议：4.75%，为期10年。 <br />
<br />
An agreement was finally reached: 4.75 percent for 10 years.<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进一个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂，专利费是5%，时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说： <br />
<br />
This was quite favorable. A major city introduced a British glass factory whose technology was not so advanced, with a royalty rate of 5% for 12 years. Yuan Geng finally said passionately:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处，绝不能走美国的路！ <br />
<br />
"The United States centralized the best and the worst things in the world. We have to learn from its strengths and never go the way of the United States!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退，工业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走，他们还有点生气，现在停滞不前了。 <br />
<br />
"The world economy is in recession and the industrial structure is being reorganized. Five years ago I went around the world and they were a little angry. Now they are stagnant.<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方，转移到太平洋沿岸。 <br />
<br />
"Some say the center of the world economy is going to shift to the East, to the Pacific coast, in the late 1980s.<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了，现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈，今天下午四点半一踏上蛇口码头，就感到无比的清新，感到一草一木都非常亲切。 <br />
<br />
"Our system has made people lazy in the past, and now it's changing. This time I traveled around the world. As soon as I stepped on the Shekou Pier at 4:30 this afternoon, I felt much refreshed and felt that everything was very familiar.<br />
<br />
“10月1日，蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话，那是大家的功劳！ <br />
<br />
"On October 1, the Shekou's float will pass in front of Tian'anmen Square! If it is thrilling, it's the contribution of everyone!<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的，思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上，我们一定要赶上和超过他们！” <br />
<br />
"The capitalist world is rich in material things and poor in mind. We are moving up. We must catch up and surpass them!" <br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时，宣布散会了，大家意犹未尽。 <br />
<br />
After only one and a half hours, the meeting was declared closed. People were still being immersed.<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了，我放弃了跟上去的打算。 <br />
<br />
When Yuan Geng walked out of the meeting place, he was immediately surrounded by people. I gave up the intention of following him.<br />
<br />
八、“搞什么阴谋诡计？” <br />
<br />
Ⅷ. "What Schemes and Intrigues You Want to Go in for?"<br />
<br />
8月7日，袁庚开了一整天会，据说8日也不会有空，而9日一早又要回香港了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上，我给他写了一封信，说明这一次如果不能和他交谈，我将等待，直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨，我把这封信交给了工业区党委副书记乔胜利，请他转交。 <br />
<br />
On August 7th, Yuan Geng spent the day in meetings. It was said that he would not be free on the 8th, while he would go back to Hong Kong early in the morning on the 9th. I had no hope of seeing him in the next two days. In the evening, I wrote him a letter explaining that if I could not talk to him this time, I would wait until his next trip from Hong Kong. Early on the morning of the 8th, I handed the letter to Qiao Shengli, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone, asking him to deliver it.<br />
<br />
8日上午，我到办公大楼访问王潮梁，两人刚坐下来，办公室副主任黄振超匆匆忙忙地叫我：“袁董回来了，快去见他！” <br />
<br />
On the morning of the 8th, I visited Wang Chaoliang at the office building. As soon as they sat down, Huang Zhenchao, deputy director of the office, called me hurriedly, “Mr. Yuan is back. Go and see him!"<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉，说明另改时间，急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。 <br />
<br />
I apologized to Wang Chaoliang, explaining to him to change the time, and hurriedly followed Huang Zhenchao toward Yuan Geng's office.<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的，中间隔着大块的透明玻璃，老远就看见了袁庚，他手里正拿着一大摞文件。 <br />
<br />
The industrial zone office and Yuan Geng's office were connected, separated by a large piece of transparent glass. I saw Yuan Geng far away. He was holding a large pile of papers.<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候，黄振超在旁边向他说明：”只是见见面，不会占你很多时间。” <br />
<br />
When I shook hands with him, Huang Zhenchao explained to him from the side, "Just to see you. It won't take up much of your time."<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng, however, smiled and said casually: <br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的？来搞什么阴谋诡计？” <br />
<br />
"You're from ''Flower City''? What schemes and intrigues do you want to go in for?"<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了，而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。 <br />
<br />
A joke shortened the distance between us, and I felt that there seemed to be some kind of subtext behind this sentence.<br />
<br />
我知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。 <br />
<br />
I knew Yuan Geng was also quite concerned about the problems of literature and arts. <br />
<br />
梁宪说过，前几年在北京开会，有一天袁庚看了张洁的小说《爱，是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章，问他：”你认识这个作家吗？咱们把她请到蛇口去！”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所了解的，“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。 <br />
<br />
Liang Xian said that when he went to Beijing for a meeting a few years ago, one day Yuan Geng read Zhang Jie's novel ''Love must not be forgotten'' and related critiques, and asked him: "Do you know this writer? Let's invite her to Shekou!" I believe he knew something about the ''Flower City'', which had been attracting a lot of attention in the past few years, and the joke of "schemes and intrigues" was said not without reason.<br />
<br />
我也笑着说： <br />
<br />
I also said with a smile:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋，要写你和蛇口。” <br />
<br />
"I want to go in for the overt conspiracy. I want to write about you and Shekou."<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下，舒服地往藤椅上一靠，摆出了准备谈一阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好，这里问题多得很，改革每前进一步都要经过斗争，到处充满着矛盾。” <br />
<br />
He led me to the small parlor between the two offices and sat down, leaning back comfortably in a rattan chair and assuming a posture as if he was ready to talk for a long time." I don't have anything to write about. Don't say everything is good here. There are many problems. Every step forward in reform has to fight for, and everywhere is full of contradictions."<br />
<br />
我说：”正是这一点吸引了我。” <br />
<br />
I said, "That's what attracted me."<br />
<br />
“一个国家没有民主是不行的，而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国，政治家演说，群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿扔他，他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的，但这一套对巩固资产阶级的统治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底，孙中山是想搞民主的，他死得太早，没搞成。中华民族是伟大的，但是历史的包袱太重了。” <br />
<br />
"A country can't be better without democracy, and there is no democracy when the masses don't have the right to supervise and oust cadres. We have reformed the cadre system. In foreign countries, when a politician makes a speech, the masses can throw rotten eggs and tomatoes at him, and he still speaks with an umbrella in the way. You say his democracy is fake, but it's useful for consolidating the rule of the bourgeoisie. We should practice socialist democracy. China's bourgeois democratic revolution was not complete. Sun Yat-sen wanted democracy, but he died too early to achieve it. The Chinese nation is great, but the historic burdens are too heavy."<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说： <br />
<br />
Huang Hongjian, who came in halfway, interjected and said:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿，她在美国学企业管理，谈起来也说：在美国深有感慨，感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重。 <br />
<br />
"I recently received the daughter of a comrade in charge of the central committee. She studied business management in the United States. She also said that in the United States, she had a deep feeling that our great nation's historic burdens are too heavy.<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族，就没有什么框框，我在报告会上也说了，他们的总督牌香烟广告有一句口号是’想做就去做’，这句话香港也接受不了，译成’应做就去做’。当然，想干什么就干什么是不行的，但我们许多应干的事却干不成。” <br />
<br />
"As a nation, the United States hasn't many restrictions. As I said in the report meeting, their Viceroy cigarettes has a slogan in advertising 'If it's right, do it', this phrase can not be accepted in Hong Kong, translated as ‘do what you have to do’. Of course, we shouldn't do what we want, but we can't accomplish many of the things we have to do."<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历，他扼要地做了回答，着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命”中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时，这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来，微笑着站在那里不动，我知道是催他去开会，我们的谈话该结束了。 <br />
<br />
Then I asked him about his experience, and he gave a brief answer, focusing on his joining the Communist Party and his imprisonment during the "Cultural Revolution". We had been talking for almost an hour when Wang Jingui, deputy director of the Management Committee, walked in and stood still with a smile. I knew he was urging him to go to the meeting and it was time to end our conversation. <br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志，我们马上又赶到太子宾馆，和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢，对监狱内外情形都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说： <br />
<br />
Huang Hongjian made an appointment by phone with Comrade Wang Zongqian, the wife of Yuan Geng, who lived in the Prince Hotel, and we immediately rushed to there, talking with Mrs. Wang who was gentle and polite for an hour. What we talked about was mainly that Yuan Geng was in jail and was clear about the situation inside and outside the prison. Mrs. Wang said slowly and fondly: <br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨，出来就蔦儿了，可是他不，他的劲头反而更大了。” <br />
<br />
"Many people were broken and never recovered after that kind of torture. But he didn't. He was even more aggressive."<br />
<br />
我心里说：这オ是袁庚！ <br />
<br />
I said in my heart: this is the real Yuan Geng!<br />
<br />
过了几天，乔胜利对陈宜浩说：“袁董看了我的信，答应下次回来再和我谈。”可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。 <br />
<br />
After a few days, Qiao Shengli said to Chen Yihao: "Chairman Yuan read my letter and promised to talk to me again the next time he came back." But soon he was invited to Fujian by Comrade Xiang Nan.<br />
<br />
8月25日上午，我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息，急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联系。但是太迟了，他过了中午又要回香港，而上午的时间已经排满，就在和我通话的时候，他不得不放下电话去开门。他说： <br />
<br />
On the morning of August 25, I got the news that Yuan Geng had returned to Shekou and hurriedly called the Prince Hotel to contact him. But it was too late. He was going back to Hong Kong afternoon, and the morning was already full. And just as he was talking to me, he had to put down the phone to open the door. He said:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧，不要紧的，我们没有秘密。” <br />
<br />
"If you have any questions, just talk on the phone. It doesn't matter. We have no secrets."<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访，一时想不齐全，只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字，他一一做了回答：”这些也要发表吗？”我说：“不一定发表。”他说：”发表也没关系，那天我讲话外国人也听了。” <br />
<br />
I hadn't prepared for the telephone interview and couldn't think of all questions for a while, so I had to ask him a few details and figures about his visit abroad, and he answered them all and said: "Are these going to be published too?" I said, "Not necessarily." He said, "It doesn't matter if it is published, because foreigners listened to my speech that day too."<br />
<br />
我说：”将来排出校样，送给你看看好吗？免得事实有出入。” <br />
<br />
I said, "When the proof is done in the future, I will send you to see, okay? In case there is something different to the facts."<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查，出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的，难免出点差错。捅点娄子也不要紧。” <br />
<br />
"That is not necessary. Don't censor everything. It doesn't matter if something goes wrong. People are vivid and substantial, and mistakes are inevitable. It doesn't matter if you make some mistakes."<br />
<br />
<br />
“好了，谢谢您。” "Well, thank you."<br />
<br />
“谢谢。” "Thank you."<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。 <br />
<br />
I suddenly thought of two sentences from Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观，来到铝材厂门口时，他向学员们介绍：这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人，23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起来，大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停工，一个工人从高处摔下来受了伤，他的哥哥跑过去看了看，见弟弟没有生命危险，便又回去干活了。 <br />
<br />
Once Yuan Geng personally led the students in the training course for business management cadres to visit. When they came to the entrance of the aluminum factory, he introduced to the students: The construction of the factory building was put out to the Japanese. 23 Japanese built it in only 27 days. Even though the rain was so heavy that they could not open their eyes, they did not stop working. A worker fell from a high place and was injured, his older brother ran over to see that his brother was not in danger, and then he went back to work again.<br />
<br />
袁庚说：“日本不富没有天理！中国改革不富也没有天理！” <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said, "There is no reason for Japan not to be rich! There is no reason for China’s reform not to be rich!"<br />
<br />
现在我想说：蛇口的改革不成功没有天理！ <br />
<br />
Now I would like to say: there is no reason for Shekou's reform not to succeed!<br />
<br />
九、大鹏魂 <br />
<br />
Ⅸ. Dapeng Spirit<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚，魁梧、潇洒，兼有外交家和实业家的风度，具有一种吸引人的魅カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢？ <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was 66 years old, stout and dashing, having the air of both a diplomat and an industrialist and an attractive charm. From where did he come to us?<br />
<br />
拨开历史的迷雾，我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。 <br />
<br />
Clearing up the fog of confusion, we saw the solid footprints of a hot-blooded man.<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园，算是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。 <br />
<br />
He was born in Shuiba Village, Dapeng Town, Bao'an City, Guangdong Province (now Longgang District, Shenzhen City). His family had an orchard and could be considered a well-off family. The wind and waves of Dapeng Bay cultivated his mind.<br />
<br />
1935年，他毕业于广州广雅中学，随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测量员，他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校，陈济棠下台后，这家军校成了国民党中央军校的分校。 <br />
<br />
In 1935, he graduated from Guangzhou Guangya High School and then entered a surveying school. After a short period as a surveyor, he entered the Yantang Military Academy run by Chen Jitang, which became a branch academy of the Nationalist Party Central Military Academy after Chen Jitang stepped down.<br />
<br />
在学校里，袁庚是活跃的足球门将，练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕业，他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官，一个个腐化不堪，对民族危亡无动于衷，便愤然回到故乡大鹏镇，担任第一小学校长，同时兼任地方自卫队教官。 <br />
<br />
In school, Yuan Geng was an active goalkeeper and developed a strong body. After graduating from the military academy, he saw that the instructors, who were full of benevolence and morality, were all corrupt and indifferent to the national peril, so he returned to his hometown Dapeng Town in anger and became the principal of the first elementary school, while also serving as an instructor of the local self-defense troop.<br />
<br />
学校是国民党办的，自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的，但是学校和自卫队中都有中共地下党员。 <br />
<br />
The school was run by Nationalist Party and the self-defense troop was run by Deng Yanda's Third Party, but there were underground members of the Communist Party in both the school and the self-defense troop.<br />
<br />
戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚，在当地是一个重要人物，三种政治力量对他都很重视。 <br />
<br />
When Yuan Geng returned to his hometown, he was an important figure in the area, and all three political forces attached great importance to him.<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文，和他住到一起，亲自考察他。 <br />
<br />
Wang Wen, secretary of the underground County Committee of CPC, lived with him and examined him personally.<br />
<br />
革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
<br />
The hearts of revolutionaries and patriots were always in sympathy. Yuan Geng soon became friends with Wang Wen, Zhong Wen, Lai Zhongyuan and other underground party members, and was also close to Wang Bo, a teacher being trained by the party organization. Yuan Geng actively participated in all the activities to promote anti-Japanese, such as organizing evening schools and acting in plays. One time in the performance of "Put Down Your Whip", Wang Bo played the daughter who made a living by singing, and Yuan Geng played a young man who stopped the father from whipping his daughter. When he shouted "Put down your whip", he completely got into the role, forgetting that he was acting, and many audiences also rushed after him...<br />
<br />
1939年3月27日，袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党，从这一天起，他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。 <br />
<br />
On March 27, 1939, Yuan Geng was recommended to join the Communist Party of China by comrades Wang Wen and Zhong Wen. From that day on, he had lived up to the honorable title of member of the Communist Party of China.<br />
<br />
当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党的漫画，刺痛了国民党区党部，他的处境变得危险了，党组织于1939年冬天把他转移到党领导的抗日游击队，从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子，像大鹏一样展翅高飞了。 <br />
<br />
There was a local progressive publication "Dapeng Spirit". Yuan Geng published a cartoon satirizing the Nationalist Party in it, which stung the District Party headquarters of the Nationalist Party. His situation became dangerous and the Party organization transferred him to the anti-Japanese guerrilla force led by the Party in the winter of 1939, from which he began his fighting career in the East River Column. The son of Dapeng Bay spread his wings and flew high like the roc (named Dapeng in Chinese).<br />
<br />
抗日战争期间，美军作为盟军，在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组，担任东纵联络处处长的袁庚，和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示，东纵和美军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报，对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。 <br />
<br />
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the U.S. Army, as an allied force, sent an observation group in Yan'an and one in the East River Column. Yuan Geng, who was the director of the Liaison Office of East River Column, remained in regular contact with the U.S. military observation group in East River Column. According to the instructions of the Central Committee, the East River Column and the U.S. observation group exchanged information about the Japanese army in South China, which played a positive role in defeating Japanese imperialism.<br />
<br />
日寇投降时，英军远在缅甸，一个海军少将只率领一营人乘航空母舰赶到香港。他的兵力不足以维持治安，要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央，中央复电：为了对付国民党的内战阴谋，坚决撤离港九地区；同时要求在香港设立联络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判，袁庚不辱使命，漂亮地完成了任务，并成为驻香港办事处的第一任主任，这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能想到，历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折，二十多年后，这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。 <br />
<br />
When the Japanese aggressors surrendered, the British army was in Burma. A Rear Admiral led only one battalion to Hong Kong by an aircraft carrier. His forces were not enough to maintain law and order, and he asked our Hong Kong-Kowloon detachment of the East River Column not to retreat. The East River Column asked the Central Committee for advice, and the Central Committee replied with a telegram: In order to deal with the conspiracy of the Nationalist Party's civil war, evacuate the Hong Kong-Kowloon area resolutely; at the same time, set up a liaison agency in Hong Kong. The East River Column sent Yuan Geng to Hong Kong to negotiate. Yuan Geng fulfilled his mission, doing his job well and became the first director of the Liaison Office in Hong Kong, which was the predecessor of the Hong Kong branch of Xinhua News Agency later. Who would have thought that the way forward of history could be so twisted and more than twenty years later, these achievements had become "crimes".<br />
<br />
十、秦城监狱 <br />
<br />
X. Qincheng Prison<br />
<br />
1968年4月6日，袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家，到机关去上班。北京的4月初，春寒料峭，风沙迷眼，加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报，形成一片肃杀气氛，使袁庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作，刚告一段落，还来不及喘口气，就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息，他于愤懑中保持着镇定。 <br />
<br />
On April 6, 1968, Yuan Geng left his home in Xiyuan early in the morning and went to work. In early April in Beijing, the spring air was chill, and the wind and sand got into the eyes, with ferocious big-character posters everywhere, which formed an awful atmosphere, making Yuan Geng extremely depressed. He had just come to the end of his work of receiving and transporting Chinese refugees from Indonesia and he couldn't even catch his breath before he returned to work. Recently, he kept hearing the news that his old comrades in the East River Column had lost their freedom or their whereabouts were unknown. He kept his composure in the midst of his resentment.<br />
<br />
回到办公室不久，有人通知：“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门，看到除部长之外，还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长，面孔板得像一座木雕。 <br />
<br />
Soon after he returned to the office, someone informed him, "The minister wants to see you." He opened the door of the minister's office and saw that in addition to the minister, there were two public security officers. The minister, whose name often appeared in the newspapers, pulled a face like a wooden statue.<br />
<br />
“袁庚，你被捕了！” <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng, you're under arrest!"<br />
<br />
下午，机关召开大会，部长在会上宣布：”袁庚是美国特务，已经依法逮捕。“袁庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和刘丹一，互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周总理安全的情景，记忆犹新，那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间，周旋于华侨社会之中，眼睛熬红了，人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场，天理何在？！ <br />
<br />
In the afternoon, the organ held a general meeting and the minister announced: "Yuan Geng is an American spy and has been arrested in obedience to the law." Yuan Geng's close friends and neighbors, Liu Yamin and Liu Dan Yi, who worked together with him as consuls at the consulate-general in Jakarta, Indonesia, in the 1950s, exchanged looks of grief and indignation. In 1954, Yuan Geng and they worked together to defend the Bandung Conference and the security of Premier Zhou. The memory of the scene was still vivid. At that time, when Yuan Geng traveled between Jakarta and Bandung, circulated among the overseas Chinese community, his eyes were red, and he lost a lot of weight by overwork. Such loyalty ended up like this. Where was the justice?<br />
<br />
与此同时，汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中，勒令交出所有的钥匙，开始抄家。翻箱倒柜，从下午抄到天黑，然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时，オ发现三个孩子被关在门外不准进家，左邻右舍也不敢收留，孩子们在抹眼泪…… <br />
<br />
At the same time, Comrade Wang Zongqian was brought back home from his office, and ordered to hand over all his keys. They began to search her house. They rummaged the whole house, from afternoon to dark, and then brought her back to the office to search her desk. When she went out, she found that three children were shut out of the house and not allowed to enter the house. The neighbors did not dare to take them in, and the children were wiping their tears...<br />
<br />
从此以后，袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里，也不知是死是活，到哪里打听都说不知道。1969年，汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校，孩子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”，但作为“反革命家属”，她只能干最脏最累的活，如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎，痛得胳膊抬不起来，医生建议回北京治疗，干校就是不准。直到1972年初夏，她的大孩子中印就要下乡插队了，她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服，打点行装，オ被批准。 <br />
<br />
From then on, Yuan Geng disappeared from life. Wang Zongqian did not know where he was locked up, nor did she know if he was dead or alive. Everywhere she asked all said he did not know. In 1969, Wang Zongqian went to a cadet school in Zou County, Shandong Province, with the organ, while the children stayed in Beijing to live with their grandmother. Although Wang Zongqian was considered a "student of the cadre school", but as a "family member of a counter-revolutionary", she could only do the dirtiest and most tiring works, such as taking away manure from privies and washing toilets. Her left shoulder was suffering from periarthritis of the shoulder. It was so painful that she couldn't lift her arm. The doctor suggested that she go back to Beijing for treatment, but the cadre school didn't allow it. Until the early summer of 1972, when her eldest child, Zhongyin, was about to go and work in the countryside, she asked for leave to return to Beijing to wash her child's clothes and pack his luggage, which was approved.<br />
<br />
1972年7月，袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后，有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去探监。“他还活着，他还活着！”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。 <br />
<br />
In July 1972, when Yuan Geng was arrested for four years and three months, someone suddenly informed Wang Zongqian to visit him in Qincheng Prison. "He is still alive, he is still alive!" Wang Zongqian's heart was stuffed with this thought.<br />
<br />
汪宗谦心酸地发现，袁庚行走困难，说话声音也变了，而且他不知道当时是何年何月！ <br />
<br />
Wang Zongqian sadly find that Yuan Geng was difficult to walk, his voice had changed, and he even didn't know when it was!<br />
<br />
原来监狱里日夜亮着灯，犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替，失去了时间的概念；睡觉时只准脸朝外，一条腿总是压在下边，时间长了造成萎缩；长期不讲话，声带都沙哑了。 <br />
<br />
It turned out that the prison was lit day and night, so the prisoners could not distinguish and remember the alternation of day and night, losing the notion of time; they only allowed to sleep with their face outward, and one leg was always pressed down, which caused atrophy over time; they didn't speak for a long period, so the vocal cords were hoarse.<br />
<br />
我曾经听说，袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西，只有放风时在天井里看到墙根的小草。 <br />
<br />
I once heard that Yuan Geng could not see anything alive for several years in prison, and only saw the grass at the foot of the wall in the patio when he was allowed to go out.<br />
<br />
问他是不是这样，他说： <br />
<br />
When he was asked if this was the case, he said:<br />
<br />
“不，还有蚂蚁，我对蚂蚁很有研究。” <br />
<br />
"No, there are ants. I studied ants a lot."<br />
<br />
这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量！ <br />
<br />
How much heavy weight this easy sentence contained!<br />
<br />
汪宗谦见过了袁庚，就为救他而奔走了。 <br />
<br />
Having met Yuan Geng, Wang Zongqian ran around to save him.<br />
<br />
“没见他不知道他死活，既然知道他还活着，我就怕他死了！问题还没搞清，死了孩子们都得背黑锅呀！他住在楼上，要到楼下的天井放风，上下都很辛苦，我到中央接待站去上访，请求把他搬到楼下来，这个要求被接受了。” <br />
<br />
"I didn't know if he was dead or alive when I didn't see him, and since I knew he was alive, I'm afraid he will die! The problem is not yet clear, and the children will have to get the blame if he is dead! He lived upstairs and had to go downstairs to the patio to breathe the fresh air. It was hard to get up and down, so I went to the reception center of the central committee to ask for moving him downstairs, and this request was accepted."<br />
<br />
袁庚搬到楼下的一间房，发现席子底下有一团花白的头发，他判断这里关过一个五十多岁的女同志。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng moved to a room downstairs and found a tangle of white hair under the matting. He judged that a female comrade in her fifties had been imprisoned here.<br />
<br />
后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事，王光美说：“没错，正是我住过的那间房。” <br />
<br />
Later he talked about it accidentally with comrade Wang Guangmei at a banquet, who said, "Yes, it was exactly the same room I lived in."<br />
<br />
袁庚出狱，已是1973年9月30日，整整关了5年半。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was released from prison on September 30, 1973, after five and a half years.<br />
<br />
在狱中，睡觉时只要一转身，看守就在外边敲门。夜晚，敲门声常常把人惊醒。袁庚回到家里，刚一入睡就惊醒了，这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年，这种心悸病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能，却用了更长的时间。每天，汪宗谦搀着袁庚，一步，一步，慢慢地走，越走越远，越走越快，走了一年之久，两条腿オ恢复了平衡。 <br />
<br />
In prison, when he was sleeping, as soon as he turned around, the guard was outside knocking on the door. At night, the knocking often woke him up. After Yuan Geng returned home, he woke up just as soon as he fell asleep, which was the real lingering fear. After half a year, this fear gradually disappeared. And it took longer to restore the function of that atrophied leg. Every day, Wang Zongqian helped Yuan Geng, step by step, slowly walking, further and faster. After walking for a year, his two legs restored the balance.<br />
<br />
更可悲的是，有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子，出来不会走直路了，一走就转圈，连马路也不能过。 <br />
<br />
What was more sad was that some people walked in circles for years in their cells, and when they came out, they couldn't walk straight, they walked in circles and even couldn't cross the road.<br />
<br />
人啊，人！ <br />
<br />
Oh, human!<br />
<br />
人的尊严到哪里去了！ <br />
<br />
Where had the dignity of human gone!<br />
<br />
经过一年多的休养治疗，1975年，袁庚被分配到交通部，当了外事局副局长。 <br />
<br />
After more than a year of recuperation and treatment, Yuan Geng was assigned to the Ministry of Communications as the deputy director of the Foreign Affairs Bureau in 1975.<br />
<br />
一恢复工作，袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体一样活跃起来。 <br />
<br />
Once he returned to work, Yuan Geng's mind became as active as his newly recovered body.<br />
<br />
恢复工作之前，袁庚骑自行车上街，总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道，“不能开慢点吗”！恢复工作之后，自己也坐上了小汽车，有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了，“不能靠边骑吗”！他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化，在心里警告自己道：”可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀！” <br />
<br />
Before he resumed work, Yuan Geng rode a bicycle to the street and always felt that the cars passing by were too overbearing, "Can't you drive slower"! After he resumed work, he also drove the car and sometimes felt that the bicycles on the road were in the way, "Can't you ride on the side"? He soon realized this subtle change in his mental state and warned himself, "I can't let my position dictate my thinking!"<br />
<br />
多年来，这成了他的一个信条。 <br />
<br />
Over the years, this became one of his credos.<br />
<br />
十一、香港第一课 <br />
<br />
Ⅺ. The First Lesson in Hong Kong<br />
<br />
1978年，做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚，以花甲之年改行搞经济，被派到香港招商局担任副董事长。 <br />
<br />
In 1978, Yuan Geng, who had spent most of his life in military and diplomatic work, changed his career to economics in his sixties and was sent to the China Merchants Hong Kong to serve as vice chairman.<br />
<br />
招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日，招商局香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱，从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长，所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。从李鸿章算起，袁庚是第29任了。 <br />
<br />
China Merchants Group was founded in 1872 by Li Hongzhang, a northern minister in the Qing Dynasty. On January 15, 1950, the 13 ships of the Hong Kong branch of China Merchants Group rose in revolt and returned to the embrace of the motherland, then becoming the representative agency of the Ministry of Communications in Hong Kong. Previous ministers of the Ministry of Communications also served as chairman of the China Merchants Hong Kong, so the vice chairman was the de facto person in charge. Reckoning from Li Hongzhang, Yuan Geng was the 29th minister.<br />
<br />
香港招商局在极'左’思想影响之下，经营单一，困守一隅，搞了几十年没有什么发展。袁庚到任，根据中央定下的“以航运为中心，立足港澳，背靠内地，面向海外，多种经营，工商结合，买卖结合”的方针，以铁腕大力整顿。 <br />
<br />
Under the influence of the thought of the extreme 'left’, the China Merchants Hong Kong was very conservative with narrow business scope, and didn't develop much for decades. When Yuan Geng took office, he made energetic efforts to rectify with an iron fist, according to the policy of "shipping as the center, based on Hong Kong and Macao, backed by the mainland, facing overseas, a variety of business, combination of industry and commerce, and combination of buying and selling" set by the central committee.<br />
<br />
袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said in his speech at the Economic Seminar of Part Coastal Open Cities:<br />
<br />
“我到香港的第一课，就是买了一座大楼，非常便宜，只花了6180万（港币）。第一次交订金时，支票2000万。那天是星期五，当时讲好下午2点钟，在一个律师楼里，大家一手交钱，一手交货。我们开了2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里，发动机都没有停。一上去之后，大家一手交货，一手交钱，签字。签完字，对方拿着支票，两个人夹住，下去了。剩下一个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度，马上存到银行里去了。因为明天是礼拜六了，人家银行关门，礼拜天也关门，假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前不到银行去交那个支票的话，他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支票交给他。我们的财务去了，他回来向我们报告，他说当时那个场面是很动人的。当然，我们闭着眼睛也能想到，资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重视，当时浮动利息是14厘，三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志，那就无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去，回家。他没有这个观念！这就是香港第一课。我也不怕自惭形秽，一窍不通，我接触经济工作，仅仅是5年多前开始的。但一开始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多！招商局的子公司多的是，一检查，发现支票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了，换了一个华东财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后，我就给他讲这个道理，一个礼拜之内他就能够接受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事，立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后，财源滚滚而来。……这个‘时间就是金钱’，不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我，其实这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’，它说得比我还厉害，时间重于金钱！” <br />
<br />
"My first lesson in Hong Kong was to buy a building, which was very cheap, costing only 61.8 million (Hong Kong dollars). The deposit I paid for the first time was a cheque for 20 million. It was a Friday, and it was agreed that we would cash on delivery at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, in a lawyer building. We signed a cheque for 20 million and went to the lawyer building. There were many people from the seller's side. A few cars were parked downstairs, with their engines running. Once we went up, we cashed on delivery, and signed. After signing, the other party took the cheque, two people clamped it, and went down. One boss was left to talk to us about the aftermath. The cheque was sent to the bank to be deposited immediately by a car as fast as possible. Because tomorrow was Saturday, the bank was closed, and was also closed on Sunday. If he didn't go to the bank to hand over that cheque before 3 o'clock on Friday afternoon, he would lose the interest of 20 million for three days. So he asked for the cheque to be delivered to him on time. Our accountant went there and he came back to report to us, and he said it was a very moving scene. Of course, we could think it blindfolded. Why the capitalist attached so much importance to the interest of 20 million in the bank for three days. At that time, the floating rate was 1.4%, and three days means tens of thousands of dollars of interest. If it was our comrade in the mainland, it didn't matter. This check would be put at home and he would go home. Because he didn't have this concept! This was the first lesson I learned in Hong Kong. I'm not afraid to be ashamed of myself and know nothing about it. I just started working in the economy more than five years ago. But as soon as I started, I realized that we have a lot of problems with economic work in China! There are many subsidiaries of the China Merchants Group. When I checked, I found that they thought putting the cheque at home overnight was not a serious thing. Soon I changed the accountant and replaced him with a graduate from the East China College of Finance and Economics. When he came, I told him it, and within a week he was able to accept it. He said that money management here was totally different from the mainland, and he would immediately rectify it. After the rectification, the money was rolling in... 'Time is money' is not unreasonable. Now many people scold me. Actually, this phrase was not invented by me. China has long spoken 'An inch of time is worth an inch of gold', which is said more strongly than my words. Time is more important than money!"<br />
<br />
招商局走上轨道，袁庚就考虑进一步的发展了。1979年初，他和有关同志带着在蛇口开发工业区的蓝图，到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志很感兴趣，当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给工业区，袁庚还没有这个胆量，只要了2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候，袁庚心里默默地说： <br />
<br />
After China Merchants Group was on the right track, Yuan Geng considered further development. At the beginning of 1979, he and some related comrades went to Beijing to report to Li Xiannian, and Gu Mu with the blueprint for developing the industrial zone in Shekou. Li Xiannian and Gu Mu were very interested, and agreed to give the entire Nanshan Peninsula to the industrial zone. But Yuan Geng did not have the guts, only receiving 2.14 square kilometers. When Comrade Li Xiannian picked up his pen to sign their report, Yuan Geng silently said in his heart:<br />
<br />
“先念同志，签吧，您这一笔下去，将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀！” <br />
<br />
"Comrade Xiannian, sign it. With this stroke written down, future generations of the Chinese nation will be benefited ah!"<br />
<br />
十二、清新 <br />
<br />
Ⅻ. Freshness<br />
<br />
1984年8月，蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅，迎面是一架屏风，正中间挂着一幅草书，苍劲流畅的书法，引人注目，细看那内容，更是气度非凡。这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本，把它抄了下来。 <br />
<br />
In August 1984, the first painting and calligraphy exhibition in Shekou Industrial Zone opened. The audience entered the exhibition hall, facing a screen, with a cursive calligraphy hanging in the middle. The strong and smooth calligraphy was eye-catching. When looking closely at the content, it was more imposing. This was the work of the versatile Yuan Geng. I couldn't resist pulling out my notebook and copying it down.<br />
<br />
登微波楼 <br />
<br />
Climbing the Microwave Telecommunication Building<br />
<br />
微波楼上，雨初晴，水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小，探手银河可摘。鹰掠浮云，鸥翻怒浪，何惧风雷激。掀天揭地，方显男儿胆识。梧桐山挹群峰，若游龙，直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海，洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排，帆樯队列，似神蛇添翼。中华崛起，英雄豪杰辈出。 <br />
<br />
Standing on the Microwave Telecommunication Building, it just clears up after the rain and the sky is clear blue after being immersed in water. I look far away, finding that the universe is so small, as if I can reach for the Milky Way. The eagle glides through the floating clouds, and seagulls flip over the surging waves, who are completely unafraid of the gathering storm. The world is shaken, showing the courage and insight of men. The peaks of the Wutong Mountain, like dragons in flight, sweep across Tuen Mun in the northwest. Rolling Pearl River flows south into the sea, showering Lindingyang Bay with spring scenery. The factory buildings are located like fish scales, and the ships are in a queue, like the divine snake who has grown wings. With the rise of China, numerous heroes have emerged.<br />
<br />
时维甲子，序属清明，雨后登蛇口微波楼，有清新感，兴之所至，填［念奴娇］。格律工否，非所计也，取其义耳。 <br />
<br />
Now is Pure Brightness in 1984. After the rain, I climb the Microwave Telecommunication Building in Shekou and have a feeling of freshness. Then I write a poem to the tune of Nian Nu Jiao while the whim lasts. I don't consider the rules and forms of the poem, but the meaning of it.<br />
<br />
宝安袁庚 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng in Baoan<br />
<br />
我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过，“每登微波楼，均有清新感”。可见“清新感”一词不是随便用的。 <br />
<br />
I paid attention to the words "have a feeling of freshness". In a letter to Liu Da, the president of Tsinghua University, Yuan Geng also said, "Every time I climb the Microwave Telecommunication Building, I have a feeling of freshness. It was clear that the phrase " a feeling of freshness " could not be used casually.<br />
<br />
我有同感。 <br />
<br />
I felt the same way.<br />
<br />
蛇口经过5年多的建设，已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区，当然以工业为主。引进项目98个，有52个已经开业投产。几十座工厂，几百栋宿舍楼，海滨的花园别墅，在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排，帆樯队列”，完全是写实，没有一点夸张。工业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头，许多外国石油公司和财团的代表机构也在这里办公，水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前，蒲公英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上，就是引进的具有20世纪70年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望，整个工业区尽收眼底，难怪这是袁庚心爱的一个去处。 <br />
<br />
After more than five years of construction, Shekou had become a new type of seaport. The industrial zone, of course, focused on industry. 82 projects had been introduced, 52 of which went into production. Dozens of factories, hundreds of dormitory buildings, and garden villas at the seaside went up at the desolate beach. "The factory buildings are located like fish scales, and the ships are in a queue" was written realistically, without any exaggeration. The seven-story office building of the Industrial Zone’s management committee was located close to the Wuwan Pier, where the representative offices of many foreign oil companies and consortia also worked here. The hydrofoils ran between Shekou and Hong Kong. In front of the building, a dandelion-like circular water sculpture splashed water like pearls. On the hill behind the building was the introduced microwave telecommunication building with the advanced level of the 1970s. Climbing the building to look around, the whole industrial area could be seen. No wonder this was Yuan Geng's favorite place to go.<br />
<br />
六湾中央的岸边，停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪华的大型客轮，诞生于1962年的法国，后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间，它在海洋上奔波，到过数十个海港城市，如今它退役了，古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归宿之地。它虽然不再航行，但风姿不减当年，以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜，灯火通明，烟花四起，它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候，一片反对之声，现在事实说明，它为蛇口添了异彩，对的又是袁庚。 <br />
<br />
The Minghua ship, which was dedicated an inscription of "Sea Word" by Deng Xiaoping, docked at the shore of the central area of Liuwan Bay. This luxury large passenger ship was born in France in 1962, and was later bought by Guangzhou Ocean Shipping Company. Over the past 21 years, it had traveled on the ocean and visited dozens of seaports. Now that it was retired, the ancient but young Shekou had become its home. Though it no longer sailed, but its charm was as good as ever, attracting thousands of visitors with its rooms, restaurants, dance hall, shopping mall and amusement park. At night, with its bright lights and fireworks, it seemed to be a palace on the sea. When Yuan Geng decided to spend 3 million yuan to buy it last year, many people disagreed with him. Now the facts showed that it had added a different color to Shekou. Yes, it was Yuan Geng again.<br />
<br />
晚上，我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上，观两岸灯火，听一片涛声，历史和现实在脑海里交叉、叠印，我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远，就是伶仃洋，就是珠江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音，陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音，仿佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮，更是历史的见证。 <br />
<br />
In the evening, I went for a walk at the seaside. I sat on the stone rail, watching the lights on both sides of the sea, listening to the sound of the wave, history and reality crossing and overprinting in my mind, and my heart could not calm down like the sea. Not far to the west, was the Lonely Ocean (Lindingyang Bay), which was the mouth of the Pearl River. The sound of Wen Tianxiang's sighing "On Lonely Ocean now I feel dreary and lonely" and the sound of Lu Xiufu's throwing himself into the sea with the Song Emperor on his back seemed to come from the depths of history. The rusty ancient cannon on the Chiwan Zuo Fort was also a witness of history.<br />
<br />
144年前，面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队，它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼，从而揭开了鸦片战争的序幕。但是，它能打掉海盗船的威风，却打不掉清王朝的腐朽，它和林则徐一道被出卖了。花开花谢，潮涨潮落，一百年过去了，终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚，指挥炮兵健儿，威震敌胆，一举解放了这片土地，解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到，30年的历史弯路，辜负了这大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心，月黑风高之夜，来到这荒凉的海滩，从这儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙，涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候，痛苦的心情真是难以表达。现在好了，オ过去五年，不过是历史的一瞬，蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色，他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喁喁私语的情侣，望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的孩子，心里暗暗地说：祝福你们，幸运的蛇口人！ <br />
<br />
Some young people lost confidence in the motherland. They came to this desolate beach in the dark and windy night, swimming to the lights on the other side from here. Some of them drowned in the halfway, and the tide pushed their bodies back to the place where they started. When Yuan Geng returned to Shekou five years ago and saw the bodies of these unfortunate people, it was hard to express his pain. Now, only five years passed, which was a moment in history, Shekou's lights at night were not inferior to the other side of the sea. It was said that Yuan Geng once drove on the other side of the sea to look at the night of Shekou, and I think it was also hard to express his joyful feelings. I looked at the couples whispering to each other on the benches in the seaside garden, at the children dancing around their young parents, and secretly said: Bless you, lucky Shekou people! 144 years ago, in the face of the unbeatable British Imperial Fleet, it bravely gave its first roar, thus opening the prologue of the Opium War. However, it could knock down the might of the pirate ships, but not the decadence of the Qing Dynasty, and it was betrayed along with Lin Zexu. With flowers blooming and fading, and the tide rising and falling, a hundred years passed, and it finally ushered in the earthshaking changes in 1949. Yuan Geng, the head of the artillery regiment of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, commanded the artillery soldiers to strike terror into the hearts of the enemy, and liberated this land and Dachan Island on Lindingyang Bay at one stroke. But no one expected that 30 years of historical detours failed to live up the beautiful land’s expectations.<br />
<br />
这还是看得见的清新气象，还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、工资制度的改革，由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化，这些属于上层建筑领域的清新之处，比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。 <br />
<br />
These were the visible fresh scenes, but there were also the invisible ones. The reform of the economic system, the personnel system, the wage system, the changes in human relations and values caused by these changes, which were the freshness of the superstructure, was more beautiful and moving than the brilliant lights of the night.<br />
<br />
啊，清新的蛇口！ <br />
<br />
Ah, the fresh Shekou!<br />
<br />
十三、心血 <br />
<br />
XIII. Painstaking Effort<br />
<br />
清新动人的蛇口，是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。 <br />
<br />
The fresh and attractive Shekou was sculpted by thousands of laborers with their painstaking efforts and hands.<br />
<br />
这中间，袁庚倾注了更多的心血。 <br />
<br />
And Yuan Geng devoted more efforts.<br />
<br />
工业区创建初期，香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥，他出色地贯彻了袁庚的意图，艰苦深入，日夜辛劳，给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港后，袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计，又关心具体问题，处理问题总是站在战略的高度，高瞻远瞩。他一天工作十几个小时，中午在藤椅上靠几分钟又工作了，晚上常常熬到深夜。 <br />
<br />
In the early days of the industrial zone, Zhang Zhensheng, the general manager of Ocean Shipping Company affiliated to China Merchants Hong Kong, served as the commander-in-chief. He carried out Yuan Geng's intention brilliantly, going into more depth about it, working hard day and night, which left a deep impression on people. After he was transferred back to Hong Kong, Yuan Geng took on the main leadership position of the industrial zone himself. He not only considered the overall policy, but also cared about the specific problems. He always dealt with problems from a strategic height and looked far ahead. He worked more than ten hours a day, leaning on a rattan chair for a few minutes at noon and then working again. He often stayed up late at night.<br />
<br />
第一批引进的工厂中，有个华美钢厂，是招商局与香港合资的企业。 <br />
<br />
Huamei Steel was one of the first factories which were introduced, which was a joint venture between China Merchants Group and Hong Kong.<br />
<br />
这位姓施的老板，本来是经营地皮股票的，对办工厂并无兴趣。 <br />
<br />
The owner, surnamed Shi, used to trade land stocks, and was not interested in running a factory.<br />
<br />
袁庚在印尼工作时结识的一位华侨朋友，代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术，认为在蛇口办一间轧制钢材的钢厂有利可图，便极カ劝施老板投资。 <br />
<br />
A Chinese friend, who was met by Yuan Geng while he was working in Indonesia, investigated the steel technology in the country in Boss Shi's stead. He thought it was profitable to run a steel mill that rolled steel in Shekou, so he tried to advise Boss Shi to invest.<br />
<br />
双方有利，一拍即合。 <br />
<br />
The two sides were favorable, and they immediately agreed.<br />
<br />
引进的设备在国内是先进的，投资额近一亿港元。 <br />
<br />
The equipment introduced was advanced in China, and the investment was worth nearly HK$100 million.<br />
<br />
1984年春，钢厂股东和工业区管委会举行联席会议，讨论经营方面面临的问题。港务公司提出一个悬案：建厂初期，厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的露天堆场，已经7个多月，港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费，而厂方拒绝付款，一直未能解决。 <br />
<br />
In the spring of 1984, shareholders of the steel mill and the industrial zone management committee held a joint meeting to discuss the problems in management. The ports company put forward an unsolved case: in the early days of the factory, more than 3000 tons of steel were stacked in the open yard of Wuwan Pier. It had been more than seven months, and ports company wanted to collect HK $600000 in stacking fees, but the factory refused to pay, which had not been solved.<br />
<br />
这个问题一提出，气氛紧张起来，施老板很激动，把财务经理和总工程师都叫来，讨价还价。他们说，工厂里没有堆场，所以无法提货，这不能怪他们。袁庚提出到工厂去看看，确实没有堆场，但那是管理不善造成的，只要加以整顿，就完全可以清出堆场来。 <br />
<br />
As soon as this question was raised, the atmosphere became strained. Boss Shi was so excited that he called the financial manager and the chief engineer to haggle. They said there was no yard in the factory, so they could not take delivery of the goods, which could not blame them. Yuan Geng proposed to the factory to see. There was no storage yard indeed, but it was caused by mismanagement. As long as to rectify, they could completely clear a storage yard.<br />
<br />
施老板知道理亏，答应出一半堆放费。 <br />
<br />
Boss Shi knew that he was in the wrong position, promising to pay half of the stacking fee.<br />
<br />
事情没有解决，该吃午饭了，袁庚说下午再议。 <br />
<br />
The matter was not resolved. It was time to eat lunch, and Yuan Geng said to discuss it in the afternoon.<br />
<br />
午饭后的短暂时间，袁庚当机立断，做了我方人员的思想工作，说明吸引施先生投资办工厂不易，应从大处和远处着眼，做出让步。 <br />
<br />
In a short time after lunch, Yuan Geng made an immediate decision to do the ideological work of our staff, explaining that it was not easy to attract Mr. Shi to invest and run the factory, so they should look at the big picture and the long term, to make concessions.<br />
<br />
下午会一开始，施老板就不耐烦地说： <br />
<br />
As soon as the meeting started at noon, Boss Shi said impatiently:<br />
<br />
“袁老板，你拍板吧！工厂你招商局也有份的！” <br />
<br />
"Boss Yuan, you decide! Your Merchants Group take a share of the factory as well!"<br />
<br />
袁庚不紧不慢地说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said unhurriedly:<br />
<br />
“这件事，我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的，工厂怎能长期让它堆放在码头？工厂没有堆场，这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对，你们为什么不催货主提货，任凭这些钢铁长期堆放？难道只要有堆放费可收就行了？你们应当考虑工业区的全局利益，考虑如何促进生产。 <br />
<br />
"In this case, I think there is blame on both sides. Since the steel belongs to the factory, how can the factory let it be stacked at the pier for a long time? The factory does not have a store yard, which is caused by management chaos. The ports company is also wrong. Why didn't you urge the owner of the cargo to take delivery of the goods and let the steel pile up for a long time? Do you just need to have a stacking fee to collect? You should consider the overall interests of the industrial zone and consider how to promote production.<br />
<br />
“出现这样的问题，是第一次，我的意见，这一次堆放费就免了，下不为例，工厂必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。” <br />
<br />
"It is the first time that such a problem has occurred. My opinion is that the stacking fee will be waived this time, and it will not be repeated next time. And the factory must remove these steels as soon as possible."<br />
<br />
这种出乎意料的处理方式，使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说：“谢谢你，袁先生！我口服心服！工厂接受批评，一定限期运走。”之后施老板积极性大增，双方合作一直很好。 <br />
<br />
This unexpected treatment impressed Boss Shi, who was in his thirties. He stood up and said, "Thank you, Mr. Yuan! I was sincerely convinced! The factory accepted the criticism and must take them away within a certain time limit." Since then, Boss Shi had been more active and the cooperation between the two sides had been always very good.<br />
<br />
创造良好的投资环境，使投资方有利可图，才能进一步吸引外资，这一直是袁庚的一个指导思想。 <br />
<br />
Creating a good investment environment made investors profitable, and then further attracted foreign investment, which had been a guiding ideology of Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上，袁庚宣布装卸费减半，博得一阵热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解，后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光，这措施对吸引外资起了很好的作用。 <br />
<br />
In 1982, at the opening ceremony of the Shekou Branch of Nanyang Commercial Bank, Yuan Geng announced that the handling fee had been halved, which won a burst of warm applause. At that time, some comrades did not understand, and later the facts proved Yuan Geng's strategic vision. This measure played a good role in attracting foreign investment.<br />
<br />
在日本三洋（蛇口）公司的开业典礼上，袁庚风趣地对来宾说： <br />
<br />
At the opening ceremony of Japan Sanyo (Shekou) Company, Yuan Geng said humorously to the guests:<br />
<br />
“先生们，我们希望你们赚钱，你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, we hope you can make money, and we win when you make money."<br />
<br />
这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说： <br />
<br />
This certainly didn't mean in any way that we didn't want to make money. Yuan Geng also said to the bosses of Western oil companies:<br />
<br />
“先生们，我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来，那就看我的本事了。” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, I'm going to take money out of your pockets. And whether I can get the money depends on my ability."<br />
<br />
对这些坦率的语言，老板们总是报以掌声。 <br />
<br />
The bosses always applauded such frank words.<br />
<br />
但是，如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益，那就错了。 <br />
<br />
However, it would be wrong to think that Yuan Geng disregarded the principles of socialism and the interests of workers.<br />
<br />
在根本问题上，袁庚是坚定不移的。 <br />
<br />
On the fundamental issue, Yuan Geng was steadfast.<br />
<br />
1983年5月，由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震动整个工业区的事件。 <br />
<br />
In May 1983, an incident that shook the entire industrial zone occurred at the Kaida Toy Factory, which was wholly owned and operated by Hong Kong Kaida Industries Limited.<br />
<br />
一个时期以来，这家工厂为了追求超额利润，强迫工人超时加班，有时干到凌晨4点甚至6点，一个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地，工人发病率急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为工业区人们议论的焦点。 <br />
<br />
For a period of time, in pursuit of super profits, this factory forced workers to work overtime, sometimes as late as 4 a.m. or even 6 a.m., with one worker doing the work of the two. Many workers fainted from exhaustion, and the morbidity rate of workers rose sharply. Those who refused to work overtime would be fired. The Kaida factory became the focus of discussion in the industrial zone.<br />
<br />
5月下旬，工业区召开首届团代会，凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季，接受了大量订单，正在拼命赶工。尽管团代会是晚上举行，并不占用正常的劳动时间，厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳萍平时劳动质量好，效率高，很少出差错，可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停工，罪名是”拒绝加班”。 <br />
<br />
In late May, the industrial zone held the first League Member Congress, and Zheng Yanping, a female worker in the Kaida factory was a representative of league members. However, at this time, the factory accepted a large number of orders to meet the key season for sales of International Children's Day, and was desperately trying to catch up with the work. Although the congress was held in the evening and didn't take up the normal working time, the factory still didn't allow Zheng Yanping to attend. Zheng Yanping usually had good labor quality and high efficiency, and rarely made mistakes, but because she attended the League Member Congress, the factory still unreasonably stopped her work with the charge of "refusing to work overtime".<br />
<br />
工人们愤怒了！蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下，岂能任资本家为所欲为！ <br />
<br />
The workers were angry! After all, Shekou was ruled by socialism. How could they let the capitalists do whatever they want!<br />
<br />
共青团管不了工厂的事，工会来管。 <br />
<br />
Matters beyond the Communist Youth League's control, could be controlled by trade union.<br />
<br />
凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的一个大厂，当时有1200多名工人，占工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候，管委会副主任熊秉权说：“凯达厂工会搞不起来，整个工业区等于没搞！”厂工会建立起来了，由工业区团委副书记端木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘，别看才23岁，已经做了三年团的专职干部，在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿舍，她就向工业区领导写过一个调查报告，当时招商局从全局考虑，没把这件事闹大，平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报工业区领导。 <br />
<br />
The Kaida factory was a large factory with early investment and a large number of workers in the industrial zone, which had more than 1200 workers, accounting for one-third of the total number of workers in the zone. When preparing for the establishment of trade union, Xiong Bingquan, the deputy director of the management committee, said: "If the Kaida factory trade union could not be organized, the entire industrial zone was not built too!" The factory trade union was established, and Duanmu Mo, the deputy secretary of the League Committee of the industrial zone, was also the chairman of the union. This girl with glasses from Lianyungang, Jiangsu, although only 23 years old, had been a full-time cadre of the league for three years, who was unequivocal on matters of principle. Last year, she wrote an investigation report to the leaders of the industrial zone about the illegal search of workers' dormitories in the Kaida factory. At that time, China Merchants Groups considered the big picture, and didn't escalate, resolving it peacefully. Now Duanmu Mo promptly reported the situation to the leaders of the industrial zone step by step.<br />
<br />
报告送到袁庚手里。 <br />
<br />
The report was sent to Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
袁庚没见过郑艳萍，但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道，近来更关心着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng had never met Zheng Yanping, but he had dealt with the female workers in the Kaida factory three years ago. Recently, he was more concerned about their recent situation. He had fatherly feelings for them.<br />
<br />
1981年，袁庚从香港过来，听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡，没有桌子写信，写信要在走廊里写，有些人想家流泪，马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心，安慰工人，答应三天内一定解决她们的困难，临走伸出小手指说： <br />
<br />
In 1981, Yuan Geng came from Hong Kong and heard that the female workers in the Kaida Factory had no hot water for bathing, no table for writing letters, who had written them in the corridor, and some of them were homesick with tears. So he immediately went to the dormitory with Liu Qinglin, the deputy director, and Yu Weiping, the office director, to visit the workers. He had a heart-to-heart talk with the workers, comforted them, promising to solve their problems within three days. Before leaving, he stretched out his little finger and said:<br />
<br />
“你们信不信我的话？要不要勾手指？” <br />
<br />
"Do you believe me or not? Do you want to have a pinkie promise?"<br />
<br />
姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲，脸上的愁云一扫而光，开朗地笑了：“我们相信！” <br />
<br />
The girls did not expect the commander-in-chief to be so amiable, and the sad clouds on their faces were swept away and they smiled broadly: "We believe you!"<br />
<br />
“我们相信！”这不是相信袁庚他个人，而是相信党，相信社会主义啊！如今厂方对待工人无理到这种地步，再让步就丧失原则了。 <br />
<br />
"We believe you!" This was not to believe in Yuan Geng personally, but to believe in the Party, to believe in socialism! Now the factory treated the workers unreasonably to such an extent, and it would be a loss of principle to give in again.<br />
<br />
他激动地在报告上批道： <br />
<br />
He excitedly criticized in the report:<br />
<br />
“加班应是自愿原则，要找资方严肃讲清楚，不准他们胡来。” <br />
<br />
"Overtime work should be voluntary. We should make it clear to the management seriously, and don’t allow them to mess about with it."<br />
<br />
替工人说话，帮郑艳萍复工，维护独资企业工人的合法权益，工会是责无旁贷的。 <br />
<br />
It was the duty of the trade union to speak for the workers, help Zheng Yanping to resume work, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the workers of the sole proprietorship.<br />
<br />
根据他的批示精神，端木默深入女工宿舍，反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加班，找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后，往往谈到一两点钟。有的工人怕老板报复，在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲，常在深夜去敲她的门。经过一个多月的艰苦劳动，终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委，赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强，工作认真负责，积极主动。 <br />
<br />
According to his instructions, Duanmu Mo went deep into the female workers' dormitory and repeatedly made a lot of investigations. As workers had to work overtime, she usually talked to workers after 12 o'clock at night, often talking to one or two o'clock. Some workers were afraid of retaliation from the boss, they didn't dare to talk in front of others in the dormitory, and often knocked on her door late at night. After more than a month of hard work, she finally mastered a large number of first-hand materials. The Shenzhen Federation of Trade Unions Working Group once wrote to the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone for it, praising Comrade Duanmu Mo for her high vigilance, strong organization, conscientious and responsible work, activeness and initiative.<br />
<br />
接着，在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切配合下，把工厂几年来违法的行为，包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍，侵犯人权，以及厂方无限制加班加点，给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来，整理成材料，向厂方提出：如不改正错误，就诉诸法律，寻求法律途径解决。 <br />
<br />
Then, under the specific guidance of the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone, the District Trade Union and the Shenzhen Federation of Trade Unions and with the close cooperation of all relevant departments, all the illegal acts of the factory over the past few years, including the illegal search of the workers' dormitories last year, human rights violations, and the unrestricted overtime required by the factory, which brought serious harm to the health of the workers, were collected and compiled into materials and proposed to the factory: If they didn't correct the mistakes, they would resort to the law, seeking legal solutions.<br />
<br />
厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下，厂主不得不答应给郑艳萍复工，补发停工期间的工资，工人加班自愿，每天加班时间控制在两小时以内。 <br />
<br />
The factory understands the consequences of resorting to the law. The law of value worked. With the efforts of many parties, the factory owner had to promise to allow Zheng Yanping back to work, compensating the wages during the suspension period. And the workers worked overtime voluntarily, with overtime hours limited to less than two hours a day.<br />
<br />
斗争胜利了。 <br />
<br />
The struggle was won.<br />
<br />
原来很普通的女工郑艳萍，在斗争中受到锻炼，成了凯达厂工会副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默，现在已由工业区组干处推荐，考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系，凯达厂工会工作的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了。 <br />
<br />
Zheng Yanping, a very ordinary female worker before, was trained in the struggle and became the vice president of the trade union of the Kaida factory and a women's commissioner of the trade union of the industrial zone. Duanmu Mo, who had majored in English in Lianyungang for two years, was now recommended by the Division of Organizing Cadres of the industrial zone and enrolled in the business management department of Shenzhen University's cadre training course, and the burden of trade union work in the Kaida factory fell on her shoulders.<br />
<br />
工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争，这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯达厂开工以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口“到底姓社还是姓资”的人，也可以从这里得出必要的结论。 <br />
<br />
All the sole proprietorships and joint ventures in the industrial zone had seen this struggle, and the victory of this struggle was our total comeback against a series of bad behaviors of the Kaida factory since it started work. Those who doubted whether Shekou was surnamed "Socialism or Capitalism" could draw the necessary conclusions from here.<br />
<br />
十四、玫瑰之城 <br />
<br />
XIV. The City of Roses<br />
<br />
“袁庚考虑方针大计，包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了10万元专款，还从北京请来了二刘。”工业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。（今年4月，比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任，他改任副主任，这就是能上能下。） <br />
<br />
"The major policies and measures Yuan Geng considered included planting roses to beautify Shekou. He took out a special loan of 100,000 yuan from the bank and invited Double Liu from Beijing." Comrade Yu Weiping, former office director of the industrial zone and now deputy director of the office, introduced to me. (In April this year, Gu Liji, who was younger than him, became the director of the office, and he became the deputy director. That was being able to take a lower as well as a higher post.)<br />
<br />
二刘，就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹一。 <br />
<br />
Double Liu, was Yuan Geng's old friends Liu Yamin and Liu Danyi.<br />
<br />
刘丹一，江苏海门人，祖先以种花和养盆景出名，有“田状元”之称，他自己也从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后，没有了种花的闲情逸致，“十年动乱”中靠边站，这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历史较短，才三年，但由于潜心研究，也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北京月季花协会的理事，各自种着几百棵月季。 <br />
<br />
Liu Dan Yi, from Haimen, Jiangsu Province, whose ancestor was famous for flower planting and Bonsai cultivation and was known as the "Number One Scholar in Farmland", also loved flower planting since he was a child. After he joined the New Fourth Army in 1940, he did not have time and mood to grow flowers. When he stood aside during the "Ten Years of Turmoil", he picked up the hobby again. The flowers he planted were quite famous in Beijing. Liu Yamin had a shorter history of planting flowers, only three years, but due to his dedicated research, he was also an expert in planting flowers. Both of them were directors of the Beijing China Roses Association, and each of them planted hundreds of China roses.<br />
<br />
67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部，工资不低，又都有美满的家庭，本应在首都安享天伦之乐，但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到蛇口来了。 <br />
<br />
67-year-old Liu Yamin and 64-year-old Liu Danyi were both retired. They were quite responsible cadres. Their wages were not low, and they had happy families, so they should have enjoyed their happy lives in the capital, but Yuan Geng "instigated" them to Shekou.<br />
<br />
“不是袁庚请，我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。 <br />
<br />
"If Yuan Geng hadn't invited us, we wouldn't have come." said Liu Yamin, a tall and strong old man.<br />
<br />
刘丹一还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人，北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉，袁庚亲自写信把他聘请了来，充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人，作家沈从文的表侄，画家黄永玉的表弟，他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北京父母身边，因为语言不通，9岁オ开始上小学。读了9年书，初中毕业那年碰上“文化大革命”，进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”，把工厂的花盆全砸了，院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了，这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可怜那些花木和小树，晚上，他偷偷地把一棵小枣树带回家，栽在院子里，同时开始种起花来。他没有更高的境界，只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西；故乡的山花多美呀，为什么在北京就不能种呢？从此他和花结下了不解之缘。 <br />
<br />
Liu Danyi also recommended a young man, Long Quan, 36 years old, a director of the Beijing China Roses Association, to Yuan Geng. Yuan personally wrote a letter to hire him to serve as Double Liu's assistant. Long Quan was a native of the Tujia ethnic group in western Hunan, a cousin of the writer Shen Congwen and a cousin of the painter Huang Yongyu, whose father was a professor at the Central Academy of National Minorities. He grew up in his hometown until he was 7 years old and then came to live with his parents in Beijing. Because of the language difficulties, he didn't go to elementary school until he was 9 years old. After studying for 9 years, he encountered the "Cultural Revolution" when he graduated from middle school and became an apprentice in a Beijing Automobile Factory. The Red Guards entered the factory to Attack on the Four Olds, smashing all the plant pots and uprooting the jujube trees as thick as the thumb in the yard, which the simple Tujia man could not understand in any way. He took pity on the flowers and small trees. At night, he secretly took a small jujube tree home and planted it in the courtyard. At the same time, he began to plant flowers. He didn't have a higher realm, but just instinctively felt that he should love and protect beautiful things; how beautiful the flowers on the hills in his hometown were, and why couldn't he plant flowers in Beijing? From then on, he had an inseparable relationship with flowers.<br />
<br />
他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部，却把全部业余时间花在种花上，到了入迷的程度。经过十几年风雨，院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了；他种的400多株玫瑰，年年换代，驰名京华。别看他没上过大学，北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究生，也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展，展出400多个品种，3000多盆，其中就有他送展的20盆花，每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前来参观，他陪同介绍，园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻轻，貌不惊人，而且颇为土气，就故意考他，指着一株名花问他那是什么品种，他不假思索地答道： <br />
<br />
He later became a cadre of the Nationality Printing Press Factory, but he spent all his spare time on planting flowers to the extent of obsession. After more than a decade of wind and rain, the jujube tree in the courtyard had grown up and fruited; he planted more than 400 roses, blooming every year, which was famous in Beijing. Although he hadn't been to college, but the graduate students of Professor Chen Junyu, the director of Department of the Horticulture in Beijing Forestry College, also asked him to give lectures. In May 1983, Beijing held the third Moonflower Exhibition, displaying more than 400 varieties and 3,000 pots, including 20 pots of flowers he sent to the exhibition with one variety per pot. Marianne, an expert from the Federal France, came to visit and he accompanied her to introduce, with a chief engineer from the Bureau of Parks acting as a translator. Seeing that he was young, homely, and a little bit rustic, the expert deliberately tested him, pointing to a famous flower and asking him what variety it was. He replied without thinking:<br />
<br />
“这是贵国的‘明星’、世界十大名种的第三名，在20世纪70年代是最好的。” <br />
<br />
"This is the 'star' of your country, the third in the world's top ten species, which was the best in the 1970s."<br />
<br />
联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实，龙泉不但能识别数百个品种，而且知道许多品种的来历和传说，谈起来如数家珍。 <br />
<br />
The expert from Federal Germany was greatly surprised. In fact, Long Quan could not only identify hundreds of varieties, but also knew the origin and legends of many of them, and he was very familiar with them when talking about them.<br />
<br />
5月6日，他带着600株花苗，乘飞机到达广州，当天工业区的汽车便把他接到蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话，问他是否适应这里的生活，他说：“要做开拓者，决不当逃兵！”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上，5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京，一个月后，再次带了4000多株苗回来。 <br />
<br />
On May 6, he arrived in Guangzhou by plane with 600 seedlings, and a car from the industrial zone took him to Shekou that day. On the 8th, Yuan Geng talked with him and asked him whether he adapted to life here, and he said, "I want to be a pioneer, and will never be a deserter!" The survival rate of the seedlings he brought was over 90%. On May 17, Yuan Geng asked him to follow Liu Danyi back to Beijing, and a month later, he brought back more than 4,000 seedlings again.<br />
<br />
如今老少三人住着工业区的一套三房一厅，客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电视机，煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准，他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他们自得其乐。每天上午，两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃，顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、施肥；龙泉则早出晚归，整天待在苗圃和工人一起干。 <br />
<br />
Now the three young and old men lived in an apartment with three rooms and one living room in the industrial zone. There were only a few rattan chairs and a black-and-white TV in the living room, and they cooked and washed clothes by themselves. According to the standard of Shekou, their life was humble. But they enjoyed it. Every morning, the two old men walked 20 minutes to the nursery, under the burning sun to guide workers to graft and fertilize; Long Quan went out early in the morning and went back home late at night, staying in the nursery and working all day with workers.<br />
<br />
我对种花是外行，听他们谈花经，得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来的。”刘亚民老人对我说，“任何花果，不嫁接就退化。比如桃树，再好的桃子，把核种下去长出来就是毛桃，不能吃，只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉，就更复杂了。” <br />
<br />
I was a layman in planting flowers, and l benefited a lot when I listened to them talk about their experience of planting flowers. "Good varieties were created by grafting and hybridization." Liu Yamin said to me, "Any flowers and fruits will degenerate without grafting. For example, no matter how good a peach is, it will bear wild peaches when its kernel was planted, which can't eat. The tree can only be used as the rootstock for grafting. Hybridization needs to be hand-pollinated, which is even more complicated."<br />
<br />
我心里却想，蛇口的改革，不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗？多年来我们闭关自守，总以为自己的体制最纯，好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上，结果怎么样呢？大家都知道了。杂交出新，这恐怕是一条普遍规律，包括写文章在内，不能老是墨守成规。 <br />
<br />
But I thought to myself that wasn't the reform of Shekou also a sense of grafting and hybridization? For many years we closed the door on ourselves, always thinking that our own system was the purest, as if Marx only sat on our bed, and what was the result? We all knew. New products were created by hybridization, which was even a universal law, including writing articles that could not always stick to established practice.<br />
<br />
龙泉年轻，想得更多一些。他说，中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载，外国原来只有一般的玫瑰，没有四季开花的月季，月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后约瑟芬的玫瑰园里，就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后，随着国家的衰弱，月季的种植也凋零了，现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会，我们中国还没有，只是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流，我们拿不出什么优良品种。外国人感兴趣的古老品种，像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等，已经很难寻了。 <br />
<br />
Long Quan was young and thought a little more. He said that there were records of moonflowers in China since the Jin Dynasty. There were only ordinary roses in foreign countries, but no China roses blooming all year round. The China rose came from China. In the rose garden of Josephine, the queen of Napoleon, there were China roses introduced from China. After the Opium War, with the weakening of the country, the planting of China roses also faded. Now there were China rose associations in the United States, Japan, Germany, France and other countries, but China didn't have one yet. Only Beijing, Shanghai and other cities just established it. People wanted to exchange with us, but we couldn't take out any good varieties. The old varieties that foreigners were interested in, like green rose, Ardisia faberi, Paul Neyron, Old Blush, etc., were already hard to find.<br />
<br />
“现在世界上最好的品种是什么？”我问。 <br />
<br />
"What is the best variety in the world now?" I asked.<br />
<br />
“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中，一个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。” <br />
<br />
"Yellow Peace is the best. It was cut and sent to the United States by a French in World War II."<br />
<br />
“你有什么打算？” <br />
<br />
"What are your plans?"<br />
<br />
“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说，月季不适应太热的气候，24摄氏度以上就开不好，现在是7月，你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究，使蛇口不但成为玫瑰之城，而且四季都能开好。” <br />
<br />
"I want to let China rose take root in Shekou. Generally speaking, China roses don't adapt to hot climate, and don't bloom well above 24 degrees Celsius. Now it is July, you see, the flowers are very small. I want to do some research to make Shekou not only a city of roses, but they can bloom well in all seasons."<br />
<br />
“你在这里干两年，你爱人没有意见吗？” <br />
<br />
"Doesn't your wife have complains with you working here for two years?"<br />
<br />
“当然有意见。我结婚晚，孩子オ3岁，我来的时候，她和孩子送到飞机场，临上飞机，孩子喊爸爸，我差点掉下眼泪，头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇ロ，个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下，他又说，”有人说我是为了四大件，为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了，住的也宽敞。这里每月给我200元，可是空军后勤部请我去种花，每月给250，还有小车坐，我也没去。来这里一个多月了，什么‘海上世界’、购物中心，我不知道在哪儿，我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。” <br />
<br />
"Of course she has complains. I married late, and the child was only 3 years old. When I was going to come here, she and the child sent me to the airport. Before boarding the plane, when the child shouted father, I almost fell into tears, and I did not dare to look back. But I did not regret it. It was worth making some personal sacrifices to beautify Sheko. The two old comrades were my role models." After a pause, he added, "Some people said I came to Shekou for four major possessions, for high wages. In fact, I have all the major possessions at home, and I live in a spacious house. I was given 200 yuan a month, but the Air Force Logistics Department invited me to plant flowers, 250 yuan per month, and I could sit in a small car. I didn't go. I have been here for more than a month. I don't know where the 'Sea World', and shopping centers are. I only know the road from the dormitory to the nursery."<br />
<br />
在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里，听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心声，我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草，在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同志，你真行，你把这三位种花人请到蛇口，他们不仅能种玫瑰，而且正在种鲜艳的精神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰，我们一定也会有的。 <br />
<br />
In the simple bamboo scaffold of the rose nursery, I heard this dark-faced and thin Tujia man pour out his heart, and was deeply moved. There are plenty of fish in the sea and there were beautiful hearts everywhere in Shekou. Comrade Yuan Geng, you were really good. You invited these three flower growers to Shekou, who could not only grow roses, but were growing bright spiritual flowers. We must have the blooming roses you saw in England in the future.<br />
<br />
十五、激动的工程师 <br />
<br />
XV. The Excited Engineer<br />
<br />
7月10日，《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息，标题是《蛇口观念》。在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下，有一段话说： <br />
<br />
On July 10, the ''Yangcheng Evening News'' published a news from Xinhua News Agency on the front page with the headline "Shekou Concept". Under the subheading of "Cadres must create a new situation", there was a paragraph saying:<br />
<br />
蛇口有一个“海上世界”，它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸边，作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个“海上世界”的前任经理作风正派，工作辛苦，不久前却被解聘了。原因是他在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。 <br />
<br />
Shekou has a "Sea World", which fixed a large decommissioned tourist ship on the shore of Shenzhen Bay as a hotel and entertainment venue. It is said that this unique hotel is also rare in the world. The former manager of this "Sea World" is decent and hard-working, but was dismissed not long ago. The reason was that he did not make a groundbreaking contribution to "Sea World".<br />
<br />
“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献！”“海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程师十分激动地对我说。 <br />
<br />
"I disagree that I did not make a groundbreaking contribution!" "Engineer Wang Chaoliang, the former general manager of "Sea World", said to me with great excitement.<br />
<br />
的确，我听到的议论，大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业，为“海上世界”尽早开业做出了贡献；说他只干了155天，已经开始赢利，把他换下来是没有理由的；说华轮大部分职工怀念他，如果举行投票，他肯定会占压倒优势…… <br />
<br />
Indeed, most of the comments I heard were sympathetic to Wang Chaoliang. They said that he worked hard to start the business and made contributions to the opening of "Sea World" as soon as possible; that he worked for only 155 days and already started making profits, so there was no reason to replace him; that most of the employees of Guanghua Ship missed him, and if there was a vote, he would definitely have an overwhelming advantage...<br />
<br />
“对袁董我是很敬佩的，蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题上，我不理解他为什么这样做！我一直是按照他的指示工作的，如果说我有缺点，那么谁没有缺点？” <br />
<br />
"I have great respect for Chairman Yuan, and the reform and achievements of Shekou are inseparable from him. But on the issue of the Minghua ship, I don't understand why he did it! I have always worked according to his instructions, and if I have shortcomings, and then who doesn’t have?"<br />
<br />
46岁的王潮梁，个儿不高，精力充沛，说话直言不讳，丝毫不掩饰他的激动情绪。我觉得能够理解他，而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了17年飞机设计，5年飞翔船设计，壮志未酬，抱着极大的希望来到蛇口，本想趁壮年干一番事业，不料明华轮的事业刚刚开始，却被换了下来，他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang, 46 years old, not tall, was energetic and outspoken, who didn't hide his excitement. I felt I could understand him and wanted to build a friendship with him. He had been engaged in aircraft design for 17 years and hydrofoil design for 5 years, and his ambition was not fulfilled. He came to Shekou with great hope, hoping to achieve something in his prime, but unexpectedly he was replaced just as his career in Minghua ship had started. His painful feeling was conceivable.<br />
<br />
他平静下来，和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。 <br />
<br />
He calmed down and talked to me about the situation before and after the opening of Minghua ship.<br />
<br />
王潮梁是1983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经理的。11月22日，明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平，道路未修好，上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上，工作量都很大。12月1日晚上，董事会决定1984年1月15日试开张，2月1日正式开张。 <br />
<br />
On November 19, 1983, Wang Chaoliang was appointed as the general manager by the board of directors of Sea World Corporation Limited. On November 22, the Minghua ship was towed to its present location. At that time, the beach had not been filled in and the road had not been built, so it was necessary to take a small boat to board the ship. The workload on the ship and on the shore was huge. On the evening of December 1, the board of directors decided to have a soft opening on January 15, 1984, and officially open it on February 1.<br />
<br />
袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会，每次打长途电话来必问明华轮。12月初，他从北京回来了，看到开张准备工作不太理想，十分焦急。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was extremely concerned about the opening of Minghua ship. He was in Beijing for a meeting, and every time he made a long-distance call, he asked about Minghua ship. In early December, he came back from Beijing and was very anxious after seeing that the preparations for the opening were not good enough.<br />
<br />
管委会组干处的袁复兴，每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上，他跑到明华轮附近时，大约6点钟光景，四下无人，只见袁庚独自站在海滩边，竖起呢子大衣的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风，默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织干部，知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚，继续沿着海边跑去。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Fuxing of the Management Committee's Division of Organizing Cadres started to run at 5 o'clock every morning. On the morning of the 7th, when he ran to the vicinity of the Minghua Ship, at about 6 o'clock, there was no one around, only to see Yuan Geng standing alone by the beach, who turned up the collar of his wool coat to break the icy wind, and silently looked at the Minghua ship. The organization cadre, who understood Yuan Geng's character well, knew that Yuan Dong was dissatisfied with the progress of the work. He didn't disturb Yuan Geng and continued to run along the seashore.<br />
<br />
当天傍晚，袁庚又来到明华轮附近，正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗立和秘书俞奇。 <br />
<br />
In the evening of that day, Yuan Geng came to the vicinity of the Minghua Ship again, meeting General Manager Wang Chaoliang, Vice General Manager Hu Zongli and his secretary Yu Qi.<br />
<br />
“你们准备几时开张？”袁庚单刀直入，问王潮梁。 <br />
<br />
"When are you going to open?" Yuan Geng asked Wang Chaoliang in a straightforward manner.<br />
<br />
“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。 <br />
<br />
"We are going to open on February 1." Wang Chaoliang replied.<br />
<br />
“我和你没有共同语言！”袁庚不留情面地说。 <br />
<br />
"I have no common language with you!" Yuan Geng said bluntly.<br />
<br />
“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。 <br />
<br />
"He's just been in office for more than half a month..." The secretary Yu Qi said carefully.<br />
<br />
“我不管！他是总经理我就找他！”袁庚一甩手，愤然转身走去，几个人紧紧跟在后边。走到海景餐厅门口，袁庚站定，继续说： <br />
<br />
"I don't care! Because he is the general manager, I must talk to him!" Yuan Geng flung his hand, turned around and walked away indignantly, with several people following closely behind. Walking to the door of the sea-view restaurant, Yuan Geng stood still and continued to say:<br />
<br />
“干工作，就要呕心沥血，全力以赴，不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急，你们不急吗？” <br />
<br />
"We have to spare no pains and make all-out effort to work, and can't drag our feet. As an old man, I am very anxious. Aren't you guys not anxious?"<br />
<br />
“袁董，我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。 <br />
<br />
"Chairman Yuan, that was exactly what I did." Wang Chaoliang said this in a way neither servile nor overbearing.<br />
<br />
“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了，同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张，可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号，再过8天，12月15号，必须部分开张。” <br />
<br />
"I know you work hard. But it's too late to open in February, comrade! You can't just open it after everything is done. You can open it partially. Today is December 7, and eight days later, on December 15, it must be partially opened."<br />
<br />
“我们一定做到！”王潮梁立即表态，同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿），双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去，态度已经缓和了，对着女秘书俞奇说：”小俞，吃得消吗？你父亲有没有这样骂过你？” <br />
<br />
"We will do it!" Wang Chaoliang immediately commit himself, took out the "Business plan of Sea World Corporation Limited" (discussion draft) drafted by the deputy general manager Hu Zongli, and presented it to Yuan Geng with both hands. When Yuan Geng took it, he softened, saying to the female secretary Yu Qi, "Yu, can you bear it? Has your father ever scolded you like this?"<br />
<br />
父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
<br />
Yu Qi, whose father was the director of a provincial cultural bureau, had seen leading cadres with all kinds of temperaments and was not nervous: <br />
<br />
“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
<br />
"There is nothing I can't bear. But my father was not too fierce."<br />
<br />
当天晚上，袁庚几乎彻夜不眠，仔细审阅了《经营方案》，就在方案上面大笔挥洒，写了一个长长的批语： <br />
<br />
That night, Yuan Geng almost stayed up all night, carefully reviewing the "business plan" and writing a long remark on it with a stroke of the pen:<br />
<br />
“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全，什么都搞好了再开张，因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为，不要等什么条件都具备才开始营业，早点开业可以逐步改善，逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的才开业，恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的，把企业成败当成个人成败，呕心沥血，全力以赴，搞好经营作风，服务一流，哪怕一时赚不了钱，也是可以允许的，谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的，蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样一个‘海上世界’，这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异彩。对经理人员我是信任的，应给予他们更大自主权，以便于发挥他们的群策群カ的创新和负责精神，让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧，要支持，不要一遇挫折就泼冷水。 <br />
<br />
"This report and analysis are basically scientific. But the Management Department always want to make everything perfect, and open it when everything is done, so they postponed the opening until next February (Spring Festival). I personally think that we should not wait for all conditions to open. If opening early, they can gradually improve it and practice. ... If they think that everything has to be done properly before opening, I am afraid that it will never be perfect and they have to prepare for a loss for six months. People should have a little spirit. Even if they can't earn money for a period, it can be acceptable to take the success or failure of the enterprise as personal success or failure, spare no pains, make all-out effort, do a good job in management style, and provide a first-class service. No one is sure that he must make money. But there is one thing I always believe, Shekou Industrial Zone needs such a 'sea world' like Minghua ship, which can add a different color to Shekou for the whole country. I trust the managers, and they should be given greater autonomy in order to make use of innovations from their collective wisdom and efforts and responsible spirits. Let these young people make their own way. We have to support them, not pour cold water when they meet setbacks.<br />
<br />
“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够，则应加以鼓励、批评。 <br />
<br />
"But sometimes they are helpless in the face of difficulties or lack the determination and courage to overcome difficulties, and they should be encouraged and criticized.<br />
<br />
“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了，一直抓得不紧，没有一种紧迫感，现场冷冷清清，船上、地上工程进度慢，互相埋怨，人事部门在调人方面不够有力，董事会有时处于无人拍板的状态...... <br />
<br />
"It has been half a month since the Minghua ship sat on the beach, they have not held on tightly without a sense of urgency. The site is deserted, and the progress of works on the ship and ground is slow. They complain to each other. The personnel department is not strong enough in transferring people. The board of directors sometimes doesn't have one man who can finally decide...<br />
<br />
“明华轮工程和全面工作，我感到很难过，和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪，可能他们年轻人受不了，但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作，争取早日部分开业……” <br />
<br />
"I feel very sad about the project and the comprehensive work of Minghua Ship, so I was excited when I talked to people in Management Department. As the young people, perhaps they could not stand it, but they all said afterward that they must catch up on preparations on the ship and strive for partial opening as soon as possible..."<br />
<br />
第二天上午，招商局远洋公司总经理江波，根据袁庚批语，组织有关部门开联席会议，落实了12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的一星期。 <br />
<br />
The next morning, the general manager of China Merchants Group Ocean Shipping Company, Jiang Bo, according to Yuan Geng's remark, organized a joint meeting of the relevant departments, confirming the specific measures for the opening on December 15. Then came a week of intense work around the clock.<br />
<br />
12月15日，明华轮准备好了50间客房，袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备情况，表示满意。12月16日，第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日，公司董事长王今贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。 <br />
<br />
On December 15, 50 rooms were ready for Minghua Ship. Yuan Geng, Jiang Bo and Wang Jingui went on board to check the preparations for the opening and expressed their satisfaction. On December 16, the first guests boarded the ship for accommodation. On December 23, Wang Jingui, the chairman of the company, hosted a banquet for foreign guests and Hong Kong businessmen in the industrial zone in the ballroom of Minghua Ship.<br />
<br />
1984年1月26日，邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮，在船上用午餐和休息，听取了袁庚的汇报，邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬四海。 <br />
<br />
On January 26, 1984, Deng Xiaoping and other leading comrades of the Central Committee boarded Minghua Ship, having lunch and resting on board, and listening to Yuan Geng's report. Deng Xiaoping happily wrote an inscription of "Sea World". Then Minghua Ship became famous all over the world.<br />
<br />
王潮梁承认，如果不是袁庚抓得紧，明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来，但他的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托，他总是觉得委屈。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang admitted that if Yuan Geng had not held on tightly, Minghua Ship could not receive Deng Xiaoping and other comrades on January 26. He greatly admired Yuan Geng's strategic vision. Yuan Geng certainly didn't know in advance that Comrade Deng Xiaoping would come, but his sense of urgency was entirely correct. Wang Chaoliang, however, thought he had never failed Yuan Geng's commission, so he always felt wronged.<br />
<br />
“你现在筹备第二民航的工作，不是比明华轮更重要吗？可见袁庚还是信任你的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的，王潮梁作为招商局的代表参加筹备工作。 <br />
<br />
"You are preparing for the Second Civil Aviation. Isn't it more important than Minghua ship? It shows that Yuan Geng trusts you." The Second Civil Aviation was initiated by the China Merchants Hong Kong and Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces and Wang Chaoliang participated in the preparations as a representative of the Merchants Group.<br />
<br />
“当然，第二民航如果搞起来，比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我下来时并没说调我干这个，如果这样说我一点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7日オ交给我的。” <br />
<br />
"Of course, if the Second Civil Aviation is started, it will be many times more important than Minghua Ship. But I was not asked to do this when I was told to come down on April 11. If so, I have no opinion at all. This task was given to me on May 7."<br />
<br />
“说不说都一样，反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的？” <br />
<br />
"It's the same whether he said it or not. Anyway, he told you to do it. What did Yuan Geng say to you at that time?"<br />
<br />
“他说：’你的工作调整以后，我们一直在考虑新的工作，现在叫你去筹备第二民航，如果你愿意干，就先出去跑一趟。’” <br />
<br />
"He said, 'After your job was adjusted, we have been considering a new job for you. Now you are called to prepare the Second Civil Aviation. If you are willing to do it, you can go.'"<br />
<br />
“他用了’调整’这个词，可见不是’解聘’，更不是’撤职’。你要想开点，高姿态，不要老是计较。” <br />
<br />
"He used the word ‘adjust', not ‘dismiss', and not ‘remove'. You should take it easy, have a lofty stance, and don't care too much about it."<br />
<br />
“第二民航现在以民航局为主，恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部培训班学员，抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。” <br />
<br />
"The Second Civil Aviation now focuses on the Civil Aviation Administration. I'm afraid it is not impossible. Recently students of the third training course for business management cadres will be recruited, which draws me to take a key admission team to the northwest and southwest."<br />
<br />
“这更说明对你的信任，高兴地去吧，别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。 <br />
<br />
"This further shows that he trusts you. Go happily. Don't think so much." I advised him like his old friend.<br />
<br />
王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵，我开始怀疑，是不是袁庚用错人了？袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人，用错个把人也不奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang set out. But my ears were filled with criticism on Zheng Yi, the new general manager of Minghua Ship, and I began to wonder if Yuan Geng used the wrong person? Yuan Geng was also a vivid and substantial person, so it was not strange to use the wrong person. But the Minghua Ship mattered greatly... I decided to board on Minghua ship to visit the 24-year-old general manager.<br />
<br />
十六、年轻的总经理 <br />
<br />
ⅩⅥ. The Young General Manager<br />
<br />
一天下午，我走上明华轮最高一层，敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外两间，外间是秘书俞奇的办公室，里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕，他穿一件花格子上衣，戴着近视眼镜，面孔白皙，还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的记者证，他对俞奇说： <br />
<br />
One afternoon, I walked up to the top floor of Minghua Ship and knocked on the door of the general manager's office. This office was divided into two rooms, the outer room and the inner room. The outer one was the office of Secretary Yu Qi, and the inner one was the office of the general manager and deputy general manager. The person who opened the door was exactly Zheng Yi. He wore a plaid jacket, a pair of spectacles with a fair face, and hadn't taken off the look of a university student. After looking at my press card, he said to Yu Qi:<br />
<br />
“我有些事要处理，你先接待一下。” <br />
<br />
"I have some things to deal with. You receive him first."<br />
<br />
说罢走进里间，把门关上了。 <br />
<br />
Then he walked into the inner room and closed the door.<br />
<br />
“好大的架子！”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈，在低头赶写着什么。我只好坐在沙发上等待。<br />
<br />
"How arrogant he was!" I thought to myself. Yu Qi didn't talk to me immediately, and she was writing something with his head down. I had to sit on the sofa and wait.<br />
<br />
约莫过了半小时，俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同志，显得老成持重，也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务，希望从他们这个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。 <br />
<br />
About half an hour before Yu Qi politely talked to me. This was a 30-year-old woman, looking experienced and prudent, who was also a graduate from Tsinghua University. I explained the task of writing Yuan Geng, hoping to understand the problem of Yuan Geng’s choice on personnel from their point of view.<br />
<br />
她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
<br />
“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
<br />
“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
<br />
“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
<br />
“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=155825Report CN EN 032023-06-13T10:27:44Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：10.热血男儿Hot-blooded Man */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情Obsession==<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with Long Hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies were always covered; whereas in the West, people loved nudity, which seemed to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个ー丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there was a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush and painting a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting was not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, had you ever thought that some of us would cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us would stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, would come like snowflakes. You might even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Were you fearless, or seized by a whim? You were out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he was painting.<br />
<br />
他站在一间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着一支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着ー张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stood in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looked disheveled, and his bosom was stained with different colors. His hair was long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there was a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exactly did you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound Train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it was today. The platforms were clean, the corridors were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the regions south of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North…<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像一块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, and cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man--that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes…"<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me…"<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows — the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"On a business trip? Or visit family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student at Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone…"<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What…"<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break…"<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man!"<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. The resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
"So I don't understand art…"<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多少欢聚与悲离的 故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉一线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小伙子,而是一个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
During the long journey, as the young people of the same generation, it was the fate to meet each other in this running train! In life, many stories of reunion and departure were drawn by the heavy line across the land! The girl was close to the small table by the window, resting her chin in the hand, listening to the young man talk, and watching his expression. It seemed that he was not a young guy, but a strong and confident man. Calculating his age, he was even a few years older than the girl. Why did he give that illusion before? Alas, the age of men was really hard to guess...<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为一个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是一个有抱负、有才华的人!”<br />
<br />
Out of the female’s sensitivity, the girl suddenly felt shy and embarrassed. The condescending arrogance that she had just showed was now reversed and replaced by her hazy admiration. The girl looked at the painter's dress again, and the non-matching colors of black and red were not so conspicuous. Although the painter's cotton jacket was still so black, the collar of the underwear was still so crooked, and the hair was still so disheveled, in the eyes of the girl, they all became the evidence that the young man was a bachelor who was immersed in art and had no time to take care of himself, which touched the girl's heart of compassion: "It seems that he is an ambitious and talented man!"<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
The painter took out his drawing board, spread the paper and said to the girl, "Please allow me to make a sketch of you."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
The girl nodded her head.<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简直像一个拙笨的新手。好半天,才抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
The painter drew very slowly, feeling ill at ease. The more he tried to draw well, the more nervous he became, and the brush was out of control. He was like a clumsy novice. After a long time, he apologized and said, "Sorry, I didn’t draw well…"<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来一看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会”了画家的灵犀。<br />
<br />
When the girl took it and looked, two red clouds rose on her cheeks. This sketch was not as good as the one of the mechanic, and those rigid lines were flaws of the work. To say it bluntly, she looked uglier in the painting than she really was. Is that what I look like? The girl had a reason to make a protest. However, she understood and forgave the painter with a sweet smile. Honestly, she didn't even want to see him too calm, too relaxed, like facing the model in the studio. The girl no longer regarded "resemblance in appearance" as so important, and she “understood tacitly” the painter's spirit.<br />
<br />
画纸的一角是签名和年月——袁运生,画于1964年2月。<br />
<br />
In one corner of the paper were the signature and date--Yuan Yunsheng, painted in February 1964.<br />
<br />
画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "Give it to you."<br />
<br />
姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
<br />
The girl said, "Thank you, I’ll keep it as a memory."<br />
<br />
“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信地址?”<br />
<br />
"You see, I was so careless that I forgot to ask your name." The painter said, "Could you write down your mailing address?"<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
<br />
The girl smiled: "My name is Zhang Lanying." And she wrote down the address on the painter's sketchbook.<br />
<br />
火车抵达浦口,他们已经像一对熟识的老朋友了。从一个艺术型的医学院学生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
<br />
When the train arrived in Pukou, they already looked like two old friends. Many common temperaments could be found between an artistic medical student and a serious artist. The passengers on the same train thought they had known each other for a long time and treated them as a couple, saying goodbye to them with the appellation of “you two”.<br />
<br />
画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空一样清澈,像江水一样深沉……<br />
<br />
The painter sent the girl to the shore of the Yangtze River, a wet wind blowing from the river. It was time to part, and both of them were reluctant to leave. Lanying looked at Yuan Yunsheng with the warm and fond gaze, and that means everything! As clear as the sky, as deep as the river…<br />
<br />
呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江交织起来的一见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
Heh! Pretty girl, you were too sentimental. Did you know him? The story of love at first sight, woven by the main Beijing-Pukou line and the winding Yangtze River, was too indiscreet.<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
<br />
The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River <br />
<br />
在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,一只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认真地涂抹着油彩,画出一个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
<br />
In the days of glorious morning light of the 1950s, a young boy's delicate hand, holding a paintbrush, was earnestly spreading the paint on the linen to draw a little girl with the same earnest expression, who was imitating her sister's movement, tying a bright red scarf around her neck.<br />
<br />
这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐一样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
<br />
This oil painting was sent from Nantong in Jiangsu Province to Beijing as an assignment for applying for the highest academy of arts, presenting the young painter’s sparkling artistic talent and a crystal-clear heart. The title was "Growing up to be like my sister", painted by Yuan Yunsheng.<br />
<br />
看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年除夕送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出一批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的艺术功底。<br />
<br />
When looking at this oil painting, people might think that the painter had a soft and gentle femininity. In fact, he was just the opposite. He was stubborn and unrestrained, like a boisterous colt. His love of painting since childhood was mainly influenced by his father. His father worked in a middle school in Nantong. In his spare time, he enthusiastically collected various fine art works. Every year on the New Year’s Eve, they would bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new, and his father would always hang a number of new paintings on the wall, including Chinese and foreign ones, like a small exhibition, full of the atmosphere of the art salon. The paintings collected at home gave Yuan Yunsheng some enlightenment in art. When he got a little bit older, he went to the Cultural Center in Nantong to participate in activities, attend lectures, learn to sketch, and paint, laying the first foundation of art.<br />
<br />
当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来一副犟脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
<br />
When he applied to the Central Academy of Fine Arts, his father said with worry: "The boy was born with stubbornness, which makes us uneasy."<br />
<br />
哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,一个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人 需要有个性。”<br />
<br />
His brother Yuan Yunfu, who was also involved in fine art, kept cheering him on: "Go ahead. people involved in fine art needs to have a personality."<br />
<br />
1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
<br />
In the summer of 1955, the Central Academy of Fine Arts announced the admission of new students, Yuan Yunsheng ranking the first.<br />
<br />
如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画派。这是19世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画就像一部小说或一出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝圣者像请佛一样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
<br />
If Yuan Yunsheng's work for the entrance examination could be classified as a certain school of art, it would be the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions. It was a progressive school of painting that emerged in Russia in the 19th century. It simulated life, emphasized themes, and focused on plot. A painting was like a novel or a play. It inherited Rembrandt’s tradition of realism and absorbed the Impressionism’s achievements in the use of light and color. After the October Revolution, it enjoyed the supreme position in the Soviet art circle and was invited to China by Chinese pilgrims, like inviting the Buddha. Of course, Yuan Yunsheng, only 17 years old, did not know the essence of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, let alone that the school of art was linked to the school of politics.<br />
<br />
他像奔跑在艺术山野 里的小鹿,一头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
<br />
Like a fawn running in the wilderness of art, he bumped into the arms of Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions.<br />
<br />
袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身 好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件 和艺术才能的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖力气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严格的训练——<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng was highly regarded by the academy. He was born in a good family (it was rare to have such a family background at that time) and excelled in the examination. He sat in the first-year classroom with a nimbus of political condition and artistic talent hanging over his head. He was elected as the commissary of Communist Youth League in charge of organization, who was totally the epitome of a socialist-minded and professionally competent man. He was also a real hard worker, and was very stubborn, taking everything seriously. Under the guidance of Soviet-style teaching methods, he received strict training--<br />
<br />
挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与被画者保持绝对的耐性 。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面 ”,画上一整天,只画了半个头像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履的中年人走过来,这是礼聘 来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供同学们观摩。<br />
<br />
Choosing a HB pencil, and sharpening it, and sketching in front of male and female models. The models were recruited at a very high price, both nude and non-nude. Under certain lights, the painter and the object stayed absolutely patient. He sketched out the outline at first, figured out the “light and plane”, and then drew all day long, only to have half picture of the head; the next day, the same scene was repeated under the same conditions; then, a middle-aged man with a high nose and deep eyes, dressed in a suit, came over, who was an expert invited cordially. Whenever he passed behind Yuan Yunsheng, his face often showed a look of satisfaction. Yuan Yunsheng got five points for all his sketches and oil paintings, which were sometimes hung in the classroom or in the corridor for students to watch.<br />
<br />
这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉柯夫教学体系。-袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀——苏联在中国土地上开办的艺术工厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
<br />
That year, a sketch and oil painting teaching conference of national fine art academies was held in Beijing to promote the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union. A half-length portrait of a Chinese woman painted by Yuan Yunsheng was shown off on the conference--a standard mode produced by the art factory of the Soviet Union in China.<br />
<br />
苏联专家的宠儿 ,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
<br />
He was the favorite of the Soviet experts, and the pride of the Oil Painting Department. He had a lot of success and a bright future. He immersed himself in the painting all day long, with his hand keeping waving, like a devout disciple prostrating himself before his art idol, and praying that his soul would ascend to the temple of art, seating on a throne surrounded by roses with a crown of pearls… It was the highest ideal for college students majoring in oil painting at that time.<br />
<br />
但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
<br />
But the naive faith was not solid, like an edifice built on a thin and narrow foundation, which could easily collapse. Once it was subverted, it could cause endless troubles.<br />
<br />
苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便朝那里走去。他停在一帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来一阵电灼般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
<br />
Distress had come to him, and he brought it upon himself. One morning, he heard that there was an exhibition of paintings being held in the hall, and went there. He stopped in front of a sequence of copies of the oil paintings, casting a calm glance upon it, and his whole body felt an electric sensation. His heart was shaking, and his blood was boiling.<br />
<br />
这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风 的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的感情,像酒一样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
<br />
These were the works of the European Post-Impressionist painter Van Gogh, with ordinary and simple images: fields, haystacks, a clock reflected by the setting sun, and sunflowers in clay pots. In addition, there were some portraits of ordinary people: postmen, miners, movers, and inmates who were released for yard time. In these unpretentious pictures, the author poured out the strongest feelings, as strong as wine, like a flame burning!<br />
<br />
看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格 。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生——向日葵,仿佛摇身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探求……这哪里是绘画呀 ,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每一线条和每一色块都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
<br />
Look, the jagged trees were rebellious. The undulating earth seemed to tell of suffering. <br />
The painter poured deep feelings into those ordinary people. The still-life painting --sunflowers, seemed to turn into a living thing, stretching out its jumble of tentacles to the frozen space, capturing, swaying, and indefatigably seeking… It was not a painting, but a call of the painter's life, a representation of his character! Every line and every color block were flowing, coming through invisible channels to clamp people, annihilate them to a great vortex of emotion…<br />
<br />
袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被一支锐利的艺术之箭射穿了。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng walked out of the hall, with his legs wobbling, as if he was drunk, was hurt. His heart was pierced by a sharp arrow of art.<br />
<br />
他回到宿舍,一头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高才生转瞬间变成西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
<br />
He went back to the dormitory and threw himself onto the bed. It was ironic that a top student of the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union became a captive of the Western European Post-Impressionism in an instant.<br />
<br />
宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地问 :“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
<br />
When the door of the dormitory opened, his roommate came in. Seeing him pale and tired, he asked in surprise, "Yunsheng, what happened to you?"<br />
<br />
“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
<br />
"I went to see an exhibition of Van Gogh's paintings." Yuan Yunsheng sat up in bed and said, "I've never been so excited by the works of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions..."<br />
<br />
他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的基础。有这个就够了。下一步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚 。<br />
<br />
He expressed his thoughts. In his opinion, the merit of Soviet painting theory lied in the emphasis on placing the object under certain light, observing the levels and hues with a subtle look, and tracing it carefully, which was the basis of all paintings. It was enough. The next step was to break free and move forward, not to limit themselves.<br />
<br />
他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧上了天 ,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在干着什么蠢事呀? ……<br />
<br />
He was right. Throughout the history of art, each school had its own process of formation, development, vicissitudes, and ups and downs. The Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions deserved its place in the art circle without dispute. But once it was praised to the skies, and promoted by administrative means, it would be counterproductive and bring suffocating disaster to the art. In fact, in the 1950s, painters all over the world, including Soviet painters, were running, exploring and innovating. And how stupid we were! ...<br />
<br />
袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头 ,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng said excitedly: "We follow behind them and pick up what they have thrown away!"<br />
<br />
好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,一个几亿人的社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎 。<br />
<br />
His good friends were familiar with his character and sympathized with his comments, but they worried about him. At that time, a society of hundreds of millions of people prostrated itself before Soviet idols, and his words were tantamount to a form of blasphemy.<br />
<br />
从那以后,他变得不大安分了, 一头温驯的伏尔加式的 小鹿,现出烈性马驹的本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标。<br />
<br />
From then on, he became rebel. A tame fawn, like the one on the Volga car, showed the true colors of a boisterous colt. In addition to completing the homework as usual, he improvised with mixed painting techniques, as if he was pursuing an ethereal goal.<br />
<br />
目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
<br />
The goal, was finally found, unexpectedly close at hand.<br />
<br />
从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭一张学生证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹…… <br />
<br />
From the Shuaifuyuan where the Central Academy of Fine Arts was located, crossing the big roundabout between Wangfujing and Bamiancao, the Donghua Gate of the National Palace Museum was about a mile away. At that time, students from the Academy of Fine Arts enjoyed a special privilege. They could freely enter the imperial garden of ancient Chinese art with only a student ID card. Here he saw Chen Laolian’s “Bogu Yezi (A kind of card played while drinking in ancient China)” in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan’s “Qingming Shanghe Tu (Along the River During the Qingming Festival)” in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a large number of authentic works of famous painters of the Tang Dynasty…<br />
<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
<br />
His favorite work was the "Luo Shen Fu (The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River)" by Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.<br />
<br />
长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象力!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人,栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱翔……<br />
<br />
Long scroll, romantic conception, how imaginative! The landscape was peaceful and spacious, with quiet and wonderful rivers and mountains; the figures were lifelike, dancing in the air. Was the resemblance in appearance? Was the resemblance in spirit? Between likeness and unlikeness, that was the author's mind soaring…<br />
<br />
他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条表现出高超的魅力。<br />
<br />
He put his eyes close to the scroll. The brush strokes, appearing ageless for thousands of years, like the spring silkworms spinning fine and exquisite silk, drew freely. He thought of the Soviet oil painting theory that denied the existence of lines. But in Chinese painting, the general and terse lines showed the high charm.<br />
<br />
站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他的思绪如抛出的一缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
<br />
Standing in this ancient resplendent hall, a long flowing river of art swept passed by before his eyes, and his thoughts stretched out like a wisp of gossamer. If we compared the fashionable Western art and the ancient Oriental art to two poles, there seemed to be something between the two poles that was closely related. Oh, he understood. When we got into a mut, ignored what was near and seek what was far away, those elves and devils of abstractionism, fauvism, modernism and futurism quietly got essence and extracted nutrients from the Oriental art to strengthen their bodies. That was the secret.<br />
<br />
祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
<br />
Motherland, your art is not water, not wine, not milk, but the magical royal jelly!<br />
<br />
虎丘<br />
<br />
Huqiu<br />
<br />
兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
<br />
After parting with the painter in Pukou, Lanying returned to school in Suzhou. In the blink of an eye, it was March. With spring breeze and newly sprouted willow trees, the town of flowing water under bridges liked a young girl, who was unveiled, affectionate with a lot of charm. <br />
<br />
姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
<br />
The girl's state of mind was also bright like waking spring.<br />
<br />
她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认识一下,如果手头有照片,请寄来一张。<br />
<br />
She received the painter’s letter from Nantong. The style of writing was free and easy. In the girl’s words: "The level is quite high!" The letter recalled the unforgettable scene on the train and expressed his feelings of missing her. He also said that his parents and brothers would like to get to know the girl, and if she had photos, please sent one.<br />
<br />
兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选一张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息一样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
<br />
Lanying opened the photo album without hesitation, selected a small photo, attached a short reply, and sent it to Nantong. This small act contained an unusual meaning, just like the shortest electromagnetic microwave can transmit significant information, it clearly expressed: the girl agreed to be his girlfriend.<br />
<br />
兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
<br />
Lanying's upbringing conditioned her to making her own decisions. She was born in Shandong province and grew up in the regions south of the Yangtze River. After her parents died, she moved with the troops from childhood. Wherever she went, it was her home, and she developed the ability to live independently. Over the years, she always received the warmth from the group and her female companions, but was never constrained. Perhaps she was a bit spoiled and coaxed by others, which made her form a stubborn personality.<br />
<br />
此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,一见钟情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
<br />
At the moment, she had a novel feeling that she was happier than the people around her. Because she had a right man in her heart, who affected her emotions. She silently enjoyed the secret pleasure of the young girl in love for the first time. She even imagined that once the secret was revealed, how surprised and envious her female companions would be! In their minds, her vison was very high. She was great looking and came from a privileged background. No male classmates dared to develop a relationship with her. It was not easy to take her fancy. It was done so artfully, neither by her parents’ choice, nor by the match-maker’s recommendation. She met him on a trip, and fell in love at first sight, bringing everything lime a whirlwind, so that the girl was full of desire for a better life. It was really romantic! So, she wove the future scenarios with sweet silk, anxiously waiting for the response from Nantong. Did he receive her letter? Would the painter's parents comment her when looking at her photo? Was she too pretty, or not enough? Alas! It was really hard to guess… The girl's heart was like the weather in the south of the Yangtze River in March. The temperature and weather changed abruptly.<br />
<br />
学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
<br />
The school was preparing for the Women's Day celebration. Lanying was the commissary in charge of entertainment of the class, a major role that bore a heavy burden of responsibility. The time passed quickly as she arranged the programs, made a blackboard newspaper, and decorated the venue.<br />
<br />
“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄起话筒,一惊一喜——那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
<br />
On Woman’s Day, the curtain was opened, and everyone was watching the stage. Suddenly someone called Lanying to answer the phone. She took up the microphone, and was surprised and delighted--it was the painter calling from the school's reception office.<br />
<br />
兰英极力掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,一阵风似的跑到学校的门口。<br />
<br />
Lanying tried to hide his excitement, turned to the students, vaguely explained a few words, and ran to the school gate like a gust of wind.<br />
<br />
画家站在那里,手中照例拿着一个速写本。<br />
<br />
The painter stood there, holding a sketchbook in his hand as usual.<br />
<br />
“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
<br />
"When did you arrive?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I just got off the train. I was passing through here after the home leave." The painter said.<br />
<br />
“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
<br />
"Please come in, do you … want to draw some sketches for our celebration?"<br />
<br />
“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……” <br />
<br />
"Not going in. I'd like to invite you out for a walk…"<br />
<br />
兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意味着向人生的一个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
<br />
Lanying hesitated for a moment. She was willing to accept the request, but also felt embarrassed. Since she entered the period of youth and became mature, Lanying spent this day with her female companions every year. Today she was going to leave her group, which meant saying goodbye to a stage of life. She thought about the discipline of the school, the opinion of classmates...<br />
<br />
“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
<br />
"Where are we going?" Lanying asked shyly.<br />
<br />
“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
<br />
"Huqiu." The painter's expression did not change.<br />
<br />
当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
<br />
When they got off the bus and stood at the foot of Huqiu Hill, the girl's uneasy heart was quieted down and relaxed. <br />
<br />
和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深”。沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
<br />
Compared with the small gardens in Suzhou City, Huqiu was a broad and quiet place to visit. The first two lines of Bai Juyi's poem on Huqiu were " The temple doesn't look far away, but it's very deep in the garden.” Walking along the stone path to the garden, there were many pines and cypresses, clear and blue sword pool, thick and tall groves of bamboo hiding the buildings and pavilions on the hillside: Temple of Chloris, Three Smiles pavilion... Walking deeper and there was more quiet, like walking into a sweet dream.<br />
<br />
这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在一起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
<br />
It was the first time Lanying had been alone with a man. There were mysterious waves in the girl’s heart. She felt that she had a lot to say to the painter, but she didn't know where to start.<br />
<br />
“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
<br />
"Have you received the photo?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I received. My family saw it and they all like you." The painter said.<br />
<br />
可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术。他对这一带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而倾倒。<br />
<br />
But the painter soon changed the subject. He commented on the local customs and culture of Suzhou and introduced the plastic art of the regions south of the Yangtze River. He seemed to be familiar with the area and knew a lot of anecdotes. The girl listened to him with great interest and was overwhelmed with admiration by the painter's profound knowledge.<br />
<br />
前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去 ,仿佛在祝福这一对美好的情侣。突然,一股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
<br />
Huqiu Pagoda was just ahead. The towering spire thrust into the blue sky and white clouds, magnificent and magical. Lanying and the painter ran towards the top of the hill with excitement. The painter stretched out his strong arm to support the girl. They were so close to each other, feeling the heat of each other's breath and heart beating. Pines, cypresses, and bamboo forests swayed backwards, as if they were blessing the wonderful couple. Suddenly, with a blazing feeling, they both stopped at the same time.<br />
<br />
这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰一样醉红,双唇像微微绽开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己一样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后一瞬……<br />
<br />
Here was surrounded by hills and trees, empty and silent. The painter stared at the girl with a frank and honest look; Lanying closed her eyes happily, ready to receive a baptism of love that would never be forgotten. The golden sunlight, through the branches of the trees, cast waving shadows on the girl’s face. Her cheeks were as red as roses, and her lips were like slightly blooming petals, more beautiful than usual. What a pure girl. Opening the window of her heart, there wasn’t any trace of dust and impurities. Although it was her second meeting with the painter, she trusted him and life as she trusted herself. Hold her tight, kiss her with fervor. She would be yours forever, from now until the last moment of your life…<br />
<br />
“兰英,我要告诉你一件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是‘右派’！”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I’ll tell you something." What she heard at this moment was the painter’s calm voice, “The first time was too late and the second time is not too late. I was classed as a 'rightist' when I was in college. Really, it was the 'rightist'!”<br />
<br />
霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
<br />
All of a sudden, the hills and trees, the ancient pagoda, were frozen in a deathly silence…<br />
<br />
孤岛上<br />
On a Lonely Island<br />
<br />
到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。1957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
<br />
Have you ever been to an island of the sea? The water and sky seemed to be mixed up together. The clouds came and went, and tide rose and fell. The island was a poem, a fresh and meaningful poem. At the turn of spring and summer in 1957, Yuan Yunsheng was in a poetic environment.<br />
<br />
他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
<br />
He went deep into the life on the island and practice drawing from nature. The Central Academy of Fine Arts required that second-year students had a two-month internship course; before the summer vacation, students went to different parts of the country. He and another student were the only ones who participated in the trip to the island. It was located on the shore of the Yellow Sea. There were only troops on the island, and no residents for miles around. The island provided him with a fortunate environment, getting away from the noise and disputes of the human world, and escaping the violent turmoil that happened in the mainland.<br />
<br />
小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体 ,心情是焦渴的。当蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
<br />
People on the island were closest to nature. Every morning, carrying the paint box on his back, he wandered on the beach covered with light yellow gravel and welcomed the first ray of happy sunshine. At the age of only eighteen, Yuan Yunsheng had already stood out from the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions and became a hazy composite of Chinese Classicism Painting and Western Modernism Painting, who was anxious. The blue sea sprinkled ten thousand golden stars and the sunglow filled his heart with brilliant colors. It was the moment when the young artist's life was burning. He hurriedly opened the paint box, spread the canvas and accepted the generous offer of nature.<br />
<br />
小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左右,才有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
<br />
The island was simple. Politics was proportional to the population, and there were fewer political topics here. Only a barge arrived to deliver newspapers and mail every ten days or so. While he and his companion were eating, they hastily opened the newspapers and skim through them. He was curious about the articles that appeared in the newspaper:<br />
<br />
“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好啦……”<br />
<br />
"Beijing is allowing the people to express their views now. This article is interesting. This opinion should be adopted. Changing it like this will be good…"<br />
<br />
他看完报纸一扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块和线条的运用。<br />
<br />
He threw the newspaper away after reading it and then forgot about it. He did not care about anything else except painting. His road of life was bright, full of sunshine, with no clouds hanging over him and nothing to worry about. All he cared about was the use of light, color blocks and lines.<br />
<br />
年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队的宣传干事带到一间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
<br />
The only political question the young artist faced was raised by the local soldiers. One day, he was taken to a humble shed by a publicity officer of the troops, and a pair of trusting eyes were cast upon him.<br />
<br />
“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, you have asked to go to another island to paint, right?"<br />
<br />
“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
<br />
"Yes, we want to go there."<br />
<br />
“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
<br />
"The troops have studied it. You can go, but your classmate stays."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查 。你们学校填写了两份材料,你的情况单纯 。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
<br />
"A permanent military project is being built on the island. Those who go there have to pass a political vetting. Your college filled out two documents, and your background is simple. Your classmate can't go, mainly because of family problems…"<br />
<br />
袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是一种荣幸,既然生活当中存在这样一些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng frowned. It was an honor to be invited alone. Since there were such rules in life, he went to there alone and no one could blame it. But it brought him more trouble than excitement. He knew his classmates. They were all members of the Communist Youth League and were the backbone of the students. Why should they be distinguished? With his artistic way of thinking, he decided that it was a proposition of conscience and friendship.<br />
<br />
“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
<br />
"Hey, I got it." He went back to the dorm and said to his companion, "The island is building fortifications, drilling and blasting, filled with smoke. There is nothing to paint. We've been out for a long time, let's just go back to the college!"<br />
<br />
不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大 登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活见鬼 !中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
<br />
Soon, he and his classmate crossed the sea and landed at Lvda City. The cool sea breeze blew against the beautiful city, arousing interest in sightseeing. They wandered the streets. The scenery was charming, the buildings were quirky and everywhere was full of Russian atmosphere. When Yuan looked up at the signposts, which wrote the street names like “Makarov”, he complained: "Damn it! Why does the street of a Chinese city have to be named after a Russian general? What a bummer…" A few days later, they stood in the blue harbor, casting a last glance at the ocean waves, and turned around to set foot on the way back.<br />
<br />
不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
<br />
He didn’t expect that it was a farewell to the blue life.<br />
<br />
北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷 ,使海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头 ,有碍“百花齐放”。袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
<br />
Beijing had changed. Returning from the island, he was amazed by the swift counterattack, the overwhelming criticism, and the petals scattered on the ground in the campus. What puzzled him most was the situation of Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the academy. He heard that the secretary of the Party Committee made a mistake because he advocated the revolutionary school of painting too far, which hindered "all flowers blooming together". Yuan Yunsheng really didn’t understand what the “revolutionary school of painting” had to do with the “rightist”.<br />
<br />
袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? 一连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng hid in the dormitory, immersing himself in gathering up his sketches. Perhaps, he was safe. He advocated inheriting ancient Chinese art and drawing on western modern art, which should be conducive to the "blooming of a hundred flowers". How could he not be safe. For several days, he chased the white clouds, waves and seagulls, lost in the memories of his trip to the sea…<br />
<br />
有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像一个漏了税的走私犯接受审讯。<br />
<br />
One day, he was suddenly called to the classroom and stood in front of the people, like a smuggler being tried for tax evasion.<br />
<br />
摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名——“反苏” 。 <br />
<br />
He was faced with a host of problems: deviant views in art, sympathetic remarks to the "rightist", "poisoning" on the island and in Lvda, and a terrible accusation throughout it--"anti-Soviet".<br />
<br />
究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐 ,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
<br />
The answer to who denounced him could be found by using elementary mathematics, but it was meaningless. Since he had thought so, and said, he said bluntly to anyone, with an honest heart.<br />
<br />
他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他一挥手:“请你到外面等一会儿。”<br />
<br />
He racked his brain to repeat what he had said, and the presenter waved to him: "Please wait outside for a moment."<br />
<br />
他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听见屋里在争论。<br />
<br />
He left the classroom and stood in the corridor, feeling relieved and comfortable. The corridor was only one door away from the classroom, and he heard an argument in the room.<br />
<br />
有人说:“够了……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "That's enough…”<br />
<br />
有人说:“还不够……”<br />
<br />
Someone said: "Not enough...”<br />
<br />
有人说:“态度还好……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "The attitude is not bad…"<br />
<br />
他的好友在替他争辩,另一些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
<br />
His best friends were arguing for him, and others were insisting on something, which sounded interesting. Then there was silence… Then, he was called back to the classroom.<br />
<br />
“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, after research, you've been classified as a 'rightist'!"<br />
<br />
政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色——红与黑。点朱泼墨,二者居其一,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不同,观点对立,照样用黑笔一勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
<br />
The oil painting box of the political movement had only two colors--red and black, which was different from the oil painting box of the artist. The only way to choose between cinnabar and ink was to rely on fortune-telling. He and Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, were of different ages, different background colors, and opposing views, but they were both outlined by black brushes with the same destination and the painting procedures were highly simplified.<br />
<br />
晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
<br />
In the evening, he rode the bike to Baijiazhuang, where his brother Yuan Yunfu lived. He rocked back in the sofa: "I am."<br />
<br />
哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
<br />
His brother smiled and asked, "What are you?"<br />
<br />
“我是’右派’了。”<br />
<br />
"I'm a 'rightist' now."<br />
<br />
“呵?”哥哥大吃一惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
<br />
"Huh?" His brother was astonished, "What mistake did you make?"<br />
<br />
“我没犯错误。”<br />
<br />
"I didn't make a mistake."<br />
<br />
“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
<br />
"Then why are you classified as a 'rightist'?"<br />
<br />
“他们说我是,就是啰 。”<br />
<br />
"They said I am. So I am."<br />
<br />
“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
<br />
"No! No!" His brother was trembling.<br />
<br />
“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
<br />
"What’s wrong with that?" He said evenly, "I still paint, still go to school, still engage in arts."<br />
<br />
他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山造湖,兴修水库,一颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地指挥部,请求一边干活一边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人来访。<br />
<br />
He really did not know pain yet. Soon after, hundreds of thousands of people in the capital swarmed to the out to the suburbs to move mountains and create lakes and build reservoirs in the gorge of the Ming Tombs, and a naive heart was touched. He thought how good it would be to see so many people working together to do one thing. He took his oil painting box and rode more than one hundred miles by bike to the construction headquarters, asking to be able to work and spent his spare time painting. They refused, explaining that according to the regulations, they would not accept personal visits.<br />
<br />
又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他一个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
<br />
Shortly afterward, he went into the construction site by bus with a large group of people from the Central Academy of Fine Arts. How excited he was! He did as much work alone as several men together, carrying six baskets for holding earth on one pole, and running fast on the rugged mountain road. At noon, when others took a nap, he held his painting clipboard and went to the mountain to paint under the scorching sun. Until he was exhausted and staggered back to the shed, he still didn’t feel bitter. Because it was her own choice. He was motivated by the boiling life and generously gave his energy, feeling that it was a great pleasure.<br />
<br />
可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成呵斥的嗓门,一张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了——仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
<br />
But the atmosphere in the shed had changed. The students gathered around him, pointing at him, and saying that he was disobedient, did not accept reform, and should not paint anymore… He was stunned. He didn’t know that it was a criticism meeting, and he didn’t understand what they said. He only felt that familiar eyes became harsh eyes, intimate expressions became indifferent expressions, and peaceful voices became scolding voices. Their mouths were moving, and their hands were shaking. Suddenly he understood--just one thing: he was different from others!<br />
<br />
他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
<br />
He opened his bloodshot eyes wide, wriggled his dry lips, and fell down with his hands on his head.<br />
<br />
过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
<br />
Because of overwork and mental stimulation, he contracted serious dysentery. The illness dragged on from summer to winter, and later he was sent to an unheated hut at college.<br />
<br />
小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活 ,学校当局不再放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他才感到了痛苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出一串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
<br />
The hut was cold and damp, where dripping water could freeze. His body was hot with a high fever. College authorities were no longer concerned about his condition. A year ago, he was the pride of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, who became an abandoned orphan now. He felt the pain, the pain of being strangled in art, exceeding the physical pain, like being pushed into a terrible hell. No! In the spiritual realm of art, there was only heaven, not hell. He was forced to learn to be inferior, but he could never learn it. In a coma, cluttered thoughts were flashing, as if he was flying after the seagulls, and dancing with the Goddess of the Luo River. He tossed and turned and struggled, with a series of moans, as if not willing to sink, but to climb out of the dark hell…<br />
<br />
屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
<br />
A faint white light came through the door and he heard the sound of footsteps. Looking there attentively, he found that his friend stood in front of the bed, casting sympathetic and concerned eyes at him.<br />
<br />
他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是一种负担。我需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
<br />
He sat up quickly: "Please don't come to see me again. I understand that it is a burden for others to be close to me. I need friendship, but not pity. What I need now is solitude, solitude, let me be alone!"<br />
<br />
新月<br />
<br />
The Crescent Moon<br />
<br />
夕阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野 闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对青年男女。<br />
<br />
The setting sun cast a golden glow on Huqiu and fell to the other side of the hill. The clear and quiet lights shimmered on the hill, which was connected to the transparent dusk, reflecting the stately profile of the millennium pagoda, like a contemplative old man overlooking a young couple on the hill.<br />
<br />
这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们一页一页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像一阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只残忍的巨手一挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择 。<br />
<br />
This moment was long enough for Lanying. There were tragedies and comedies in love stories that had been passed down through the ages, attracting people to read them page by page. However, the second page of Lanying's story was unbearable. The tender feelings of a girl who was in her first love: happiness, novelty, joy… For an instant they vanished like a gust of wind, as if with the wave of a cruel hand, everything sank, everything disappeared, and a problem was put before the girl, severe, cold, and emotionless, turning the sweet assignment into a cold choice of stakes.<br />
<br />
在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的一群 ,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以“杀气腾腾”“煽风点火 ”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁愿与鬼蜮联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
<br />
In those years, in this land, as long as people mentioned the "rightist", a bunch of greys flashed before their eyes, like shadows, like ghosts, as if they killed a man, committed arson, or poison something. It seemed that they were all charged with “murder”, “fanning the flames”, “drug trafficking” and so on. Their souls were sentenced to death, leaving only soulless shells of bodies. The shell, could breathe but could not speak, and must work but could not harvest. The only tolerance that society gave them was to give them more time than convicts sentenced to death, turning their shells into mud. Who would want to be married to a ghost? Who wanted to be with a zombie? Lanying faced such a choice.<br />
<br />
在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每一个姑娘都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵——询问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,工资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称一称。爱情的内容转变了,转变为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义 。<br />
<br />
In an environment where marriage and politics were tied together, every girl had to make considerations, either to enjoy honor, or to have misfortunes with her husband. Under the same dusk, how many girls in the world were considering it--asking the man’s family background, political affiliation, education background, job, salary, rank… asking his direct value and everything indirectly translated into value, and then weighing them on the balance of love. The content of love had been transformed into the process of exchange of commodities, which gradually became common and natural.<br />
<br />
兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算 。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
<br />
Lanying had more rights to make her own decisions. She was receiving higher education. She would be a nurse in the future, whose had blood of martyrs in her veins. The organization was considering her to join the Communist Party of China. She was as proud as a daughter of an eminent family, as beautiful as Snow White… Every intersection of life would provide the green light for her. with sons from aristocratic families for her to choose and high position and great wealth to enjoy. But life seemed to play ticks on her. It was the black devil who came to her side, not the angel of love. It was not late to break off the relationship with him at once, and there was no obligation on conscience and morality.<br />
<br />
兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越 ,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气 。因此,她还不懂得利害。<br />
<br />
Lanying lost in painful thought. She was in a privileged situation and had pure experiences, remaining unspotted from the world. Therefore, she did not understand the stakes.<br />
<br />
政治运动对姑娘来说,像一场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些“右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她还时常听到这样的告诫:有才华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不断得到强化。<br />
<br />
The political movement was like a vague dream for the girl. In 1957, she was an innocent girl studying in middle school. She took part in the denunciation, with her mouth, with her pen, with her outraged feeling. The war was over before she could see the enemies clearly. She only saw the backs of the prisoners. Later, when the girl was a little older, whenever she heard that someone was a "rightist", she could not help but look at him with curiosity. She saw that most of the "rightists" were scholars, professors, artists, writers, business backbone, celebrities and so on. She also often heard the admonition: talented people often had strong personalities; people with strong personalities often suffered setbacks. The direct and converse theorem of real life had been repeated in various tones, and the girl’s impression of it was constantly reinforced.<br />
<br />
抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的嘲讽。<br />
<br />
The abstract concept of friend or foe formed a concrete conclusion in the girl's mind, which was a sad mockery of the solemn political movement.<br />
<br />
眼前的画家又是一个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离经叛道的歧路 ,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为政治问题?为什么要让一个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的才华……什么是才华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下一颗蓝色的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
<br />
The painter before her was another example. Because the painter opposed the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, he was declared to be on an unorthodox and evil path and was sentenced to death in politics. The girl could not understand why the issue of art had to be turned into a political issue? Why should a Chinese hot-blooded young man be sacrificed to a foreign altar as a lamb to be slaughtered? Wasn't it ludicrous? Such a ludicrous thing actually happened. Perhaps, it further proved that the painter was not a meek lamb, but a fearful calf, attracting jealousy from others. It further proved the painter’s courage and insight, indomitable nature and precious talent… What was talent? For the simplehearted girl, it was the light of life, the garland of youth, the transcendence of ignorance, the sublimation of knowledge. It made money and wealth eclipsed, made gain, loss, fame and bad reputation ruin and loss become a passing cloud, like a bright horizon that divided the clear sky and turbid earth. Foolish girls liked to adorn themselves with jewels, but noble girls were full of spiritual aspirations. She was willing to pick a blue star and set it on the heart of love... Lanying broke the silence and said to the painter in a deep voice: "Don't mention those things of your past to me again. I don't think you've made a mistake…"<br />
<br />
画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子 ,也是有限的宽恕,一切还同过去一样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "But everyone else thinks so. Even if they took the hat off, the forgiveness would be limited, and everything would be the same as before. You can't associate with people like me. You must consider the consequences."<br />
<br />
“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
<br />
"I don't care about the consequences. No matter what other people think, I trust my instincts."<br />
<br />
“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are your instincts?"<br />
<br />
“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
<br />
"My instinct is that you are talented!"<br />
<br />
这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激动的光辉:“世上有才华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
<br />
It was the highest praise for an "enemy of society”. Her tone showed a significant preference, which should bring enough relief to the painter. But the painter stood there with a stoney expression. The radiance of excitement in his gaze was worn away: "There are many talented people in the world, including glorious victors and miserable losers. Why do you prefer me? You’ll regret it in the future…"<br />
<br />
难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把才华糟蹋得像一块抹布的年月里,这句话,他不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子无才便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,才华再也不是令知识分子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
<br />
No wonder the painter reacted indifferently. It was not the first time he had heard the phrase in the years when his talent was ruined like a rag. Anyone could give it to him. Beneath the hypocritical compliment was a deliberate mockery. "A woman without talent is virtuous", now also applied to men. Even if he was trampled underfoot, mercilessly flogged, covering with cuts and bruises, they could pat him on the shoulder and told him to get up and go to work. At that time, talent was no longer a flower that made intellectuals have smug feelings, but a bitter medicine that touched their feelings of sorrow.<br />
<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
<br />
Lanying’s and the painter's eyes met. The painter's eyes, probing and frank, with a deep flame of self-esteem and some expectations, shot all the way to the girl's heart. Lanying could not resist this stare that could penetrate through everything, and her heart was shivering…<br />
<br />
兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费力气地获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被搞得阴阳颠倒！一时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到一颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙一样晶莹闪烁。<br />
<br />
Lanying suddenly remembered that it was her second meeting with the painter, in this quiet mountain forest, a secluded valley far away from the city. Wasn't today Women's Day? Ordinarily, he could easily win the girl’s heart with his gentleness and gallantry. However, he brought frustration, which couldn’t wait to broke the girl's calm. He said the truth, revealed the hidden pain, casting ominous clouds. He knew that it could cause irreversible consequences, but insisted on doing it. What exactly was it for? How upright and poised he was! Why was such a person said to be a terrible devil? The vanished soul? Life was so unfair! Honesty for disaster, cunning for glory, how much right and wrong in the world had been turned upside down! For a moment, Lanying felt that the ravine, valley and river in front of her had been filled in. Through the evening mist, she saw a sincere heart, glittering and shining like agates.<br />
<br />
兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
<br />
Lanying said excitedly, "I decided."<br />
<br />
画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "You love me?"<br />
<br />
“喜欢。”<br />
<br />
"Yes."<br />
<br />
“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
<br />
"What do I have to be loved?"<br />
<br />
“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
<br />
"Because you are honest, and love needs honesty."<br />
<br />
画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝 里滚动。<br />
<br />
The painter's whole body shocked, and he threw himself on the girl and buried his head in her arms. In one moment, the strong man turned into a child that curled up, with tears welling up in his eyes.<br />
<br />
一弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
<br />
A crescent moon rose. The ancient pagoda was solemn, and the bamboo forest whispered. The bright silver light shined on the girl, who was like a silver statue of goddess.<br />
<br />
画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
<br />
The painter was like embracing a treasure that he never wanted to lose. For many years, he lived and behaved with integrity, and infatuated with art. But no one had ever given such an evaluation on him. Today, the girl judged his conscience, filling his lonely heart with light. He was satisfied and relieved, feeling that he got the greatest reward for the hardship he had suffered for years…<br />
<br />
双桥<br />
<br />
Shuangqiao<br />
<br />
当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢——充当囚犯, 颠沛流离 ,饱尝辛酸……<br />
<br />
Contemporary artists have great passions to pursue their own artistic styles, and those who had suffered misfortune had unique styles that could not be replaced by others. Who wants to repeat their experience--to be a prisoner, to wander, to endure all kinds of hardships…<br />
<br />
翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
<br />
Open Repin’s collection, and look at ''Barge Haulers on the Volga''.<br />
<br />
我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石磙,弓着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下一闪一闪。<br />
<br />
There is a picture similar to ''Barge Haulers on the Volga'' before us, a living picture. The sun was hot, and the air was burning. On the golden wheat field, a young man pulled a stone roller with the posture of the barge hauler on the Volga. He bowed, head down, with a rope trip on his shoulder, hands almost down to the ground. Sweat was running down his bare back, glowing and winking in the sun.<br />
<br />
这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是最年轻的一个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石磙,一拉就是一天。<br />
<br />
This was Shuangqiao Farm in Beijing, one of the earliest state farms, which was famous for its mechanized production. But the artists from the Central Academy of Fine Arts did the work like animal labor. Yuan Yunsheng was the youngest among more than twenty people, who volunteered to do the heaviest work. He pulled the stone roller on the wheat field all day.<br />
<br />
二十几个人住在一间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。几年前,在他们头顶上发生的 那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成为一门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向两极。<br />
<br />
More than twenty people lived in a large room, with shabby windows and doors, and flies and mosquitoes flying freely in and out. There were two rows of wide beds for a number of people and tables made of wooden boards in the room. The dean, professors, teaching assistants and students were equally treated here. The explosion that happened above their heads a few years ago caused different reactions in each of them. Some were silent, some were endlessly repentant, some were calm, and some were trembling, just as the mechanics of the explosion developed into a unique craft, capable of both destruction and construction, making their spiritual models distinctly polarized.<br />
<br />
袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头一个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,一头畜力转眼间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng returned to the room from the wheat field, his first action was to fall on the drawing board by the bed. The animal became an artist with glittering eyes at once, just like the miracle of a magic show by a magician. With the drawing board under his arm, he looked for prey everywhere. He was the master of everything in the territory of visual image.<br />
<br />
他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着他。试问 ,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展示了情景交融的空间——略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
<br />
He doggedly innovated, of his own accord and under duress. He had to reform through labor, and made art at the same time, who needed to adapt to the new environment because he could not leisurely portray objects like oil painters. Applying the achievements of line modeling in Chinese painting to Western oil painting, which was a hazy pursuit before, now became a bright flame that attracted him strongly. Who had ever seen the existence of "line" in life? And he saw it. He observed the layers of light, analyzed the light and plane of the object, trying to grasp the moment when a plane met another plane. The changing, transitional, and wonderful division showed clear lines on the retina, which commanded the hand and pen through the processing of the brain, the exaggeration of emphasis and the appropriate deformation, drawing firm or soft lines on the sketch, as simple as Chinese paintings, as precise as Western paintings, like a Peking Opera artist on an empty stage, showing the space that feelings mingled with scenes with his nuanced hand movements, expression of eyes and body motions--a remarkable painting language that was slight but not empty, with real in its emptiness.<br />
<br />
他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
<br />
He figured it out. Since his paintings would never be cared again, let alone exhibited, he could let his pen draw freely. During the days in the farm, he made more than two thousand sketches with pens, brushes and pencils, far more than the number of assignments for students in fine art colleges. With heavy work and strong foundation, he went toward his goal. A large pile of sketches on his bedside was the accumulation of his faith and the ocean of spirit.<br />
<br />
住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
<br />
Among the people living in the same room, there was a stern elder who often watched the young painter's behaviors. He was Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy. Jiang Feng's gaze was astonished. He didn’t know his student before, but now he was touched by Yuan Yunsheng's enthusiasm for hard work and advancement.<br />
<br />
“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去！”<br />
<br />
"I really don't understand why the student like you should be labeled as a 'rightist'?" Jiang Feng said to Yuan Yunsheng, "Draw it. As long as you think it's right, you can draw it according to your will!"<br />
<br />
这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
<br />
It was the direct teaching Yuan Yunsheng heard from the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, not in the grand academy, but in the hard adversity. This teaching impressed him forever.<br />
<br />
一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
<br />
One day, people living in the same room held a review meeting. Some of them confessed as usual, but Jiang Feng declaimed, criticizing the proneness to boasting and exaggeration in publicity, the disconnect between economic policy and economic base, and the hazards of "Left" opportunism, just like a level-headed politician without the slightest self-consciousness of an offender. He was still him, maintaining human dignity, and exercising the rights of the brain and mouth. Yuan Yunsheng listened, filled with admiration.<br />
<br />
散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特儿是清癯的、憔悴的,一副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出一个美的灵魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
<br />
After the meeting, Jiang Feng read a book with his head on the desk. Yuan Yunsheng quietly picked up the drawing board and looked towards him. The model in front of him was skinny and haggard, with a contemplative look. However, in the painter's mind, a beautiful soul was reflected, as hard and transparent as diamonds. The painter used his brush to draw a portrait of him with ease and verve.<br />
<br />
“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
<br />
"Oh, I'm much thinner than before." Jiang Feng took the sketch and said with emotion, "Leave this painting to me. You and I have a memorable friendship…"<br />
<br />
这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
<br />
The sketch was paired with a frame, hanging in Jiang Feng's home for many years.<br />
<br />
一个被撤职的党委书记,一个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
<br />
A dismissed secretary of the Party Committee, and a young man forced to stop school. Neither of their personalities were distorted under the weight. Once the personality had overcome the ordeal, it was like cast iron. It was the same to admit it or not.<br />
<br />
雨纷纷<br />
<br />
The Drizzling Water <br />
<br />
画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业分配。<br />
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The painter parted with Lanying in Suzhou and returned to Changchun. They exchanged letters from time to time. A year later, Lanying was facing job assignment after graduation.<br />
<br />
东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降临头上。<br />
<br />
The Northeast was very unfamiliar to Lanying. In her imagination, it was distant borderlands covered with snow and ice, a terrible place so cold that the nose, ears and chin could be frozen off. None of the students wanted to be assigned to the Northeast. They were used to the affluent conditions and warm climate of lands of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River, and the mere mention of the Northeast made their hair stand on end, as if the doom of exile had fallen on their heads. <br />
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兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
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Lanying was regardless of anything. In the girl's mind, where he was, there was spring, and there was a bonfire! She was willing to suffer cold and hunger just by his side.<br />
<br />
当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
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When Lanying proposed to the organization of his aspiration for assignment, the other side was shocked: “Ah, you already have a boyfriend! How long have you known each other? What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
姑娘一五一十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住 。<br />
<br />
The girl answered one by one. She thought that it could not be hidden sooner or later.<br />
<br />
兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象力,把故事编得像田园牧歌一样美妙——<br />
<br />
Lanying’s story spread through the college. Oral litterateurs were not lack in imagination, and made up the story as beautiful as an idyllic pastoral--<br />
<br />
“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
<br />
"Hey, did you hear? Lanying asked to be assigned to Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
<br />
"So far away! Why do you want to go there?"<br />
<br />
“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子。”<br />
<br />
"She met a boyfriend, one of the most beautiful men in Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那个人干什么的?”<br />
<br />
"What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
<br />
"He's an actor at Changchun Film Studio. He acted many movies."<br />
<br />
“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
<br />
"Of course it is good to have an actor as boyfriend. He can go everywhere in the country. <br />
Studios are in big cities, and Lanying can be transferred to wherever she likes!"<br />
<br />
但是,在学校的一间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
<br />
But in a small room of the college, Lanying's head was under the weight of thousand pounds, and furious and disappointed eyes were cast at him: “You are too naïve in politics. Who is he? A ‘rightist', who is anti-Party and anti-socialist. Who are you? The descendant of revolutionary martyrs, member of the Communist Youth League, and the Party organization's development target. Won’t you feel sorry about your dead parents? And the Party?<br />
<br />
兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了……”<br />
<br />
Lanying argued: "His hat had been taken off…"<br />
<br />
“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样一个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣个黑锅背一辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
<br />
"Whether his hat had been taken off or not, it was all the same. If one has such a family, he could not shake it off. But you want to have the injustice and carry it for the rest of your life. How silly you are!"<br />
<br />
“我乐意……”<br />
<br />
"I don’t care…"<br />
<br />
“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍白,四肢麻木,像是一个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
<br />
"Don’t say any more! You are already his prisoner, standing on a cliff. You have to break off with him, and never meet him again. If he writes to you, you hand it over to the organization to deal with!" Lanying sat in a corner of the room, pale and numb, like a rebel on trial. What did she have to say? A simple-hearted girl confided in others the secret of love for the first time, who should receive happy congratulations. However, she received brutal reprimand and forced interferences, and it was useless to argue with them. She dragged herself back to the dormitory.<br />
<br />
更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她,好像她做了什么亏心事。一颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
<br />
What was harder to bear was the mute weight. Her classmates looked at her with scorn and whispered about her as if she had done something against conscience. A pearl once held in the palm of the hand suddenly became the object of ridicule, so that she tasted the fickleness of the world, the ups and downs of fate, and aroused a strong feeling of rebellion.<br />
<br />
她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨——爸爸生前的战友。<br />
<br />
She wrote a letter and sent it to an aunt in Hangzhou, a former comrade of her father.<br />
<br />
阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
<br />
The aunt soon sent a telegram, asking her to go to Hangzhou and talking with her face to face.<br />
<br />
兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空一样阴郁。<br />
<br />
When she arrived in Hangzhou, it was drizzling. The aunt took her to her residence, and was very hospitable with smile, trying to make her happy. However, Lanying's face looked sad, as gloomy as the sky.<br />
<br />
“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说，“我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
<br />
"What if you worry yourself into illness?” The aunt said, "Let me go out for a walk with you.”<br />
<br />
她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
<br />
They went to Orioles Singing in the Willows of the West Lake with an umbrella.<br />
<br />
西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
<br />
The West Lake was silvery gray in front of Lanying. The sky was silver, and the water was silver. The atmosphere was drifting with silver powder that looked like rain but not rain, which he could not feel, and her clothes seemed to be getting wet but not.<br />
<br />
兰英的眉心舒展 了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
<br />
Lanying felt more comfortable: "The scenery here is so beautiful!"<br />
<br />
“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢，”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍一个男朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证会喜欢他……”<br />
<br />
"It is worth coming here, right. There is another happy thing," said the aunt with a smile, "I’ll introduce to you a boyfriend. He is a member of the party and does confidential work in the army. He is handsome and you are well-matched in age. I’m sure that as long as you are willing to meet him, you are going to like him…"<br />
<br />
兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
<br />
Lanying was on the alert at once: "Did you invite me here just for this?"<br />
<br />
阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养感情嘛……”<br />
<br />
The aunt said: "I’m doing this for your own good. The relationship needs to be cultivated. You don’t have a relationship with him now, but you can cultivate it…"<br />
<br />
姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进一团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲径好像布满陷阱。一种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。给你!”<br />
<br />
The girl only felt that her chest was stuffed with a mess. The beautiful scenery of the West Lake had become nasty, and the winding path under her feet seemed to be fraught with pitfalls. A feeling of being fooled came over her, and she said angrily: "I don't want to see anyone. Here you are!"<br />
<br />
兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
<br />
Lanying shoved the umbrella into the aunt's hand, turned and ran away through the cold rain. Behind her, the lake water lapped at the shore, making a rhythmic sound, like heaving sighs…<br />
<br />
回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
<br />
Back to the residence, the first thing Lanying did was to pack things, ready to return to Suzhou. The aunt came over and said calmly, "Lanying, I know your temper. Once you have decided something, no one can persuade you…"<br />
<br />
“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
<br />
"I appreciate that you know it." The girl said tonelessly.<br />
<br />
“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好好谈谈吧……”<br />
<br />
"I have only one request." said the aunt, "Since you came to Hangzhou, it does not hurt to stay one more day. Let's talk about it in the evening…"<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
<br />
At night, Lanying and the aunt sat face to face by lamplight.<br />
<br />
“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I trust your eyes. The person you like must be good." The aunt said calmly. “Our party implements a policy of uniting and reforming intellectuals, and people like him still have a role to play."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "I thought the same thing…"<br />
<br />
“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们一些好处。打个比喻吧,好比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那些人再好,也不能使用。你多想一想吧……”<br />
<br />
"But let me tell you more detailed information." The aunt said, "At present, we do not have a team of intellectuals of our own. If we don’t rely on them, who can we rely on? If we want to use them, we have to give them some benefits. To use an analogy, it is like a jelly bean to coax children. The little sweetness will soon melt. When our own team grows up, they can’t be used anymore no matter how good they are. Think more about it…”<br />
<br />
姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头一次听说,在政策的背后还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
<br />
After the girl listened to the thorough analysis, she was bewildered. She heard for the first time that there were policies behind a policy. The infinite mysteries of life were enough for her to digest slowly.<br />
<br />
这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。一个势单力孤的女子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越 ,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为一个农家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
<br />
That night, Lanying lost sleep. At the deadest time of the night, she was thinking about the painter who was far away and gradually came to realize that there were more serious obstacles between them than ice, snow, storms, mountains and rivers. A weak woman, powerless to push away the weight of society, tradition and mentality, felt that the future was infinitely uncertain. Did the girl regret having fallen in love with him? She could not find a reason to condemn herself. Their love was witnessed by the green hill and bright moon, without a trace of dust. She could only regret that she came from a privileged background and was fully favored, so that her love was also shackled. The girl would rather be reborn again for him… She fell asleep in a daze and had a sweet dream that she was transformed into a farm girl and met the painter among the white mountain and the black water. The whole world was pure as if it was covered with silver and jade… When she woke up, she found that it was just a delusional dream. The fate had been doomed, and everything was irreversible. The girl was desperate, with hot tears like a broken line of beads, from the cheeks constantly rolling down...<br />
<br />
第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看一看就会明白的。”<br />
<br />
The next day, the aunt put a magazine in front of Lanying: "This is what I found from the library, you will understand if you read it."<br />
<br />
这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到一篇文章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的一小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的题目——<br />
<br />
It was a magazine of ''Fine Arts'' published in that year. With trembling hands, Lanying opened the pages and found an article. The article criticized an oil painting by Yuan Yunsheng and included a photo of it. What was that? The painting was shrunken into a small and pitiful piece that could not be seen clearly. The girl finally found the title of the painting--<br />
<br />
水乡记忆<br />
<br />
Memory of the Water Town<br />
<br />
“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
<br />
"It’s okay. It’s okay. It would burn if you continue frying it."<br />
<br />
“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
<br />
"Be gentle, don't let others hear it."<br />
<br />
“我先尝尝——哈,又香又脆!”<br />
<br />
"Let me taste it first--ha, it’s delicious and crispy!"<br />
<br />
“放开肚皮吧 ,反正不花钱……”<br />
<br />
"Tuck in. It doesn’t cost money anyway…"<br />
<br />
袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng lying in bed, heard the laughter, the sizzle of boiling oil, and the greedy sound of chewing from next door, along with the aroma of fried oil cakes, keeping him awake at night. <br />
<br />
这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择一处乡土气息浓厚的地区深入生活 ,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓库隔壁的一间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传口号消失了,生理本能在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是一出率先占有填充材料的喜剧。<br />
<br />
This was the warehouse of the production team, located in a small town near Suzhou. Not long ago, Yuan Yunsheng returned to the Central Academy of Fine Arts from Shuangqiao Farm, and got back to Professor Dong Xiwen's studio to learn from him. The teacher suggested him to choose an area with a strong local flavor to plunge into the thick of life, collecting materials for his graduation work. He came to a town in the regions south of the Yangtze River and was assigned to a hut next to the production team's warehouse as the accommodation. It was a time of national economic hardship, and the water town, which was praised as “the earthly paradise", was also facing the threat of starvation. The fanatical slogan that was once popular disappeared and physiological instincts took effect in people, which was first shown in the town's cadres. In order to fill a few people’s bellies, they went harm to the group, compressing others’ bellies. The late-night performance was a comedy of being the first to take possession of the filling material.<br />
<br />
袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng rolled over in bed, causing a few rats to crawl out beside the pillow and hop around on him.<br />
<br />
“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
<br />
"There’s a noise!" The man next door said, "Should we ask that painter to come?"<br />
<br />
“别理他!”<br />
<br />
"Don’t mind him!"<br />
<br />
……<br />
<br />
这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预一下也无可厚非 。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
<br />
This was the material of real life! Paint it. Since "art was subordinate to politics", there was nothing wrong with intervening in such life. The painter lay in bed, his heart flowing with the feeling of concerning for the country and the people.<br />
<br />
然而,夜间的梦寐 并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
<br />
However, the dream at night did not leave the painter with a deep impression. He had his own understanding of the function of art. He came here for pursuit of the beauty in life, and the dust of life could not cloud the artist's heart of gold. The place he went to during the day gave satisfaction to his pursuit. A few weeks later, he returned to Beijing with everything that he wanted.<br />
<br />
回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,一股不可遏制的创作冲动驱使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去一个晚上的时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
<br />
One day after returning to Beijing, he leaned on his bed and thought after dinner. An uncontrollable impulse of creation drove him to pick up the brush and readily draw on the draft paper, the tip of the brush as smooth as floating clouds and flowing water. In only one night, he sketched out his graduation work.<br />
<br />
他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
<br />
He took the sketch to visit Teacher Dong Xiwen. The teacher looked at it and said: "I think it is distinctive. The workload is not small. Get on with it!"<br />
<br />
他把行李卷、画布和油彩,一股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上一摊,不分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
<br />
He moved the bedding roll, canvases and oil paints into the large warehouse of the college. This warehouse was used to store large-scale cultural relics, including a tall stone camel, an excavated stone horse and a stone tiger in front of the tomb of the Han Dynasty general Huo Qubing. The floor was covered with thick dust, and the walls were covered with cobwebs, like a gloomy old castle. He spread the bedding roll on the floor, and worked day and night. The stone tiger and horse watched a young painter working like a maniac. Two months later, Yuan Yunsheng asked someone to help him lift out a huge oil painting.<br />
<br />
这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
<br />
The painting was titled ''Memory of the Water Town''.<br />
<br />
《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优 ”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的分数都不肯给。<br />
<br />
''Memory of the Water Town'' became the topic of conversation in the circle of art. The doyens of painting such as Dong Xiwen, Ye Qianyu and Huang Yongyu praised it, who argued that his graduation grade should be “excellent”. Some others shook their heads and frowned, refusing to give him even a passing grade.<br />
<br />
水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
<br />
What was the memory of the water town for the young painter?<br />
<br />
画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
<br />
In the picture is a small bridge common in Suzhou, which is the style of traditional architectural left over from the Ming Dynasty, with exquisite structure, decorated with delicate sculpted reliefs. The two sides of the bridge show the houses, streets and the lively scene of the market trading during the Spring Festival.<br />
<br />
看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。一个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开一张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。一个淳朴的小女孩刚才卖掉一只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着一桩桩美好的故事——人们在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
<br />
Look, there are people setting up the stage for Beijing opera performance, there are people selling New Year's pictures, and there are people selling grain and vegetables, so lively. A beautiful country girl spreads out a newspaper at her feet and sets bunches of flowers on it, expecting people to visit. A simple little girl has just sold a lamb. Perhaps because the cute little animal was fed by her hands when growing up, she sees it being taken away, showing a look of melancholy... With the strong national style and local customs and practices, the painter drew hundreds of lifelike characters, around the stone bridge to tell good stories -- people exchanged their results of hard work a year here, and were pleased and gratified by the rich and colorful folk recreations.<br />
<br />
桥下是一泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
<br />
Under the bridge is clear, rippling and sparkling. The dark-awninged boats, small wooden boats and barges carrying purchases for the Spring Festival are so close to each other, and brush past the others. The boatmen are all humble, avoiding each other, and quickly giving the way for the neighboring boats. A young man lies leisurely on the bow of the boat, the sunlight sprinkling over his face, and thinks with a vision of the future…<br />
<br />
这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举世无双的韧性——走向明天!<br />
<br />
Weren’t the small bridge and the river the reappearance of our national features! Our nation suffered a lot, and was at a very difficult time; however, our indomitable national spirit was not destroyed by the disaster. We were strong, confident and optimistic, emphasized courtesy, and maintained great dignity, with a slow rhythm, calm pace, and resilience that was unparalleled in the world--towards tomorrow!<br />
<br />
谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
<br />
Who could have guessed that the original idea of this painting was conceived in that hut in the water town, that shady with mice hopping around, adjacent to the evil. What a contrast between the hard work of the people, the innocence of the painter, and the greed, selfishness and deceit just a wall away! The painter brushed away the shadows of life, and used painting language to express his deep love for his country and people with good wishes. This was the self-analysis of the painter's mind and character!<br />
<br />
当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩 ,年画的敦厚朴实和壁画的装饰趣味。<br />
<br />
When ''Memory of the Water Town'' was put on public display, hanging in the auditorium of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, the response from the audience was enthusiastic. Some people left comments, some took pictures, and some copied it. Just in terms of its innovation in artistic style, people were amazed by it. The author put aside the "three unities" of plot devices of Western oil painting and the traditional perspective rules, and adopted the ingenious technique of cavalier perspective of Chinese painting, so as to make the independent stories on the picture blend together. When portraying the characters, the author masterly used the tools of Western oil painting, boldly used line modeling, and absorbed the exaggeration of the ancient art of pottery figurines to depict images of the figures with different expressions. The painting had the splendor and magnificence of oil painting, the exact delineation and heavy colors of Chinese painting, the sincerity and simplicity of New Year’s picture and the decorative interest of fresco. <br />
<br />
把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为一炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿了吧！<br />
<br />
It was the author's dream to integrate the ancient and modern, Chinese and Western painting arts into one. His dream should come true!<br />
<br />
但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
<br />
However, the fate of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was suddenly reversed, which was taken off the wall of the exhibition hall and thrown into the garbage dump where scraps were stored. Later, a young man who loved table tennis found its value and dragged it behind the table to use it as a baffle to block the ball. Later, a student from the art history department felt bad for it and secretly cut it down with a scissor, folded it up, and pressed it under the bed in the dormitory. However, the college reported it to the police in panic, bringing in the comrades in the department of public safety to enter the college to reconnoiter, as if searching for an indecent prohibited thing. Finally, the enthusiastic collector had to hand it over, and the campus loudspeaker immediately broadcasted that it was "another victory in paying great attention to class struggle".<br />
<br />
离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着一堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的路口只亮着一盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
<br />
Was it bizarre? Not really. The climate was changing, three years of hardship passed, the fairs trade in the countryside was banned, and the days of hunger were forgotten. Today's politics made new requirements on yesterday's art, and it was time for the painter to be spanked. The author of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was faced with lots of questions that he could never answer: Why didn't you paint a tractor? Why didn't you paint the wheat field with a good harvest? Why didn't paint… Among all the criticisms, no one had ever accused him of not painting the scene next door that night, though such phenomena were a well-known fact. There was only one green light at the intersection of literary criticism: turning left. The artist who stayed true to the art went straight ahead and was denounced as being too "right".<br />
<br />
中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出作者的艺术才能。”<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, once said with emotion: "If this painting had not been damaged, and had been put on display, I can predict that the audience would have rehabilitated him. Even in this tentative work, we can see the artistic talent of the author."<br />
<br />
只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世——其中也包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, the remains of the painting couldn’t be found. The only memorial it had left was a pathetically small picture, accompanied by a critical article that sounded plausible, published in a corner of ''Fine Arts''. The painter should feel honored that it was the first time his work had been made into a zincograph, and printed, spreading around the world--including the one in front of Lanying.<br />
<br />
月台边<br />
<br />
At the Edge of the Platform<br />
<br />
兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
<br />
The second morning Lanying spent in Hangzhou was the most painful time for her.<br />
<br />
阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子 ,还会累及子女。<br />
<br />
The aunt stood beside her as her guardian, and pointed to the magazine as if she had found a powerful proof. The aunt said that a man like Yuan Yunsheng would not correct his mistake, and others would not tolerate him. It would be a lifelong mistake to combine with him, never seeing the light in the future and implicating the children.<br />
<br />
那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘与画家结合 的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
<br />
The magazine did not frighten the girl’s love away, but made her feel the seriousness of the problem. It seemed that it was not only the aunt, the college, but also the whole society that prevented her from being bound with the painter. It seemed that everyone except the girl was cursing him and splashing dirty water on the painter. Did the girl still have the courage to go towards him? Talking about the future children, those innocent babies that would follow the adults and spend their whole life in the mud, Lanying's heart was softened.<br />
<br />
这是一场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
<br />
It was an irresistible spiritual siege. Lanying hunched over the table and burst into tears…<br />
<br />
阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效力,递过一支笔、一张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
<br />
Seeing the effect of her good intention, the aunt handed over a pen and a piece of paper: "Writing him a letter and making it clear, you’ll feel comfortable. If he really loves you, he will not give you trouble again…"<br />
<br />
兰英接过纸笔。<br />
<br />
Lanying took the paper and pen.<br />
<br />
她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家能够得到另一个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后一个字,信纸上满是斑斑泪痕。<br />
<br />
She wrote a very firm statement, cutting off communication with the painter, and didn’t explain anything. She took the responsibility, saying that she was willing to pay the lifelong price for her impulse and would never get married again. In her letter, she wished the painter to get another girl who would love him as much as she did… When she finished the letter, it was blotted with tears.<br />
<br />
阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
<br />
The aunt took it over to have a look and sighed: "Look, the handwriting was wet with tears. It’ll make him suspect that you are not really want to break up with him ......"<br />
<br />
“本来就是被迫的！”兰英没好气地说。<br />
<br />
"It was forced!" Lanying said angrily.<br />
<br />
阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
<br />
The aunt finally got the written pledge and was relieved, sealing the envelope with her own hands, sticking a stamp on it, and taking it to the post office.<br />
<br />
兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将把信撕得粉碎,一赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下 ,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净……<br />
<br />
Lanying returned to Suzhou from Hangzhou, and felt every day like a year, repeatedly imagining the painter's reaction. The painter would be furious, wouldn’t he? Lanying really did not want to add a new scar to the painter's heart, which had been badly wounded, so she did not write irritating words in the letter. But the painter would understand the reason for the change. The letter had already constituted a contempt and insult to him. Would he rip it up and decide not to write back in a fit of anger? Or would he bow to his fate and fall into a depression? Or, the girl's worries were superfluous. Men were men, who were easy come and easy go. He would wipe the girl out of his memory, completely forgetting her.<br />
<br />
兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
<br />
The last thing that Lanying wanted to happen was the latter situation.<br />
<br />
画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
<br />
The painter wrote back with stiff words. He agreed to break up, without a hint of a pleading tone, with only one last condition, asking Lanying to come to Changchun and explain the reason face to face.<br />
<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
<br />
Like hearing an echo from an empty valley, Lanying ran into the college office clasping the letter.<br />
<br />
姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
<br />
The girl placed the letter on the table and said: "Please allow me to go to Changchun."<br />
<br />
对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
<br />
After reading the painter's letter, the other party looked up and asked, "Is this the last meeting?"<br />
<br />
“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
<br />
"Yes." The girl said, "We're very determined."<br />
<br />
学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
<br />
The college could not say the reason for refusing the girl and let her go. On the day of the girl’s departure, the school made a long-distance call to Changchun, asking the painter's unit to cooperate and pay attention to the actions of Lanying and the painter, promoting both sides to break off the relationship.<br />
<br />
火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人头攒动的月台上,她一眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
<br />
The train was flying along, the vast fields passing outside the window. The girl was anxious. She was longing for the scenery of the Northeast in her dream before, but this journey didn’t leave any impression on her. She only remembered the moment the train arrived in Changchun, when she saw the painter with a pale face at a glance on the crowded platform.<br />
<br />
兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
<br />
When Lanying stepped out of the train, the painter was coming up. He still held the sketchbook in his hand, pretending to be calm. However, his tired and dark look, holding back great pain, could not escape the girl's keen eyes. It was exactly what the girl hoped to see, and a thrill of joy rose in her heart. <br />
<br />
画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
<br />
The painter stopped at the edge of the platform, keeping a few steps from the girl.<br />
<br />
“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
<br />
"Please answer now," the painter's voice was like the low roar of a wild animal, "why do you change your mind? Why do you bend to the will of others?"<br />
<br />
姑娘把旅行袋往前一递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听懂是什么意思。<br />
<br />
The girl handed her travel bag forward: "Do you think I come to Changchun to negotiate with you?" The painter was stunned, not understanding what it meant.<br />
<br />
“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑一趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
<br />
"You fool! If I want to break up with you, do I need to come all the way here?" The girl smiled sweetly, "There is a long way to go, and you need to be tested!"<br />
<br />
明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解——那些无尽无休的劝说、挑唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
<br />
The bright sunlight returned to the painter's face. He even forgot to pick up the girl's bag, and was so excited that he didn’t know what to do. The girl dodged back a little, really afraid that the guy who lost his mind in front of him would throw himself into her arms in full view of a large crowd with no regard for the customs of the country… The consensus reached the Changchun negotiation--those endless persuasions, instigation and restraint were really tiresome that decisive actions had to be taken to get rid of it.<br />
<br />
兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同财产,是一条印花双人床单。在一间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
<br />
Lanying and the painter married in the summer vacation after graduation. The wedding was held in Changchun, without relatives officiating, and classmates congratulating. The only gift they received was a blouse given by Yuan Yunfu to his sister-in-law; the new common property was a printed double bed sheet. In a temporary borrowed hut, they performed a solemn ceremony of life. Lanying spent her honeymoon in disassembling and washing the bedding for the former bachelor. The short honeymoon ended as Lanying's reporting date approached.<br />
<br />
人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
<br />
The Queen Mother of the world was not willing to give in after all, and deliberately laid a galaxy between them.<br />
<br />
兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽容——除了东北三省之外,其他任何一个城市都行。实心眼儿的 姑娘把手指放在地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
<br />
Lanying's place of work was chosen from the map. When she was assigned after graduation, the college gave her lenient conditions--any city except the three provinces of the northeast. The honest girl put her finger on the map and found the nearest place to the Northeast along the railway line. Her finger crossed Beijing, Tianjin, and rested on a small circle south of Shanhaiguan: Tangshan. She thought that it was the ideal crossing of the Milky Way on earth.<br />
<br />
她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着一块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生活无法自理。直到这时,她才感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
<br />
Not long after she arrived in Tangshan, she was caught in an "unprecedented" storm. With marches, rebellions, and two factions fighting with each other with machetes and spears, the whole city fell into primitive tribal strife. Lanying was alone and lived in uncertainty in troubled times. The annual visits to her husband comforted her a little in spirit. Later, she was pregnant. The overwork and poor living conditions caused Lanying to suffer from lumbar spine strain. Her back was like carrying a heavy iron plate, and she couldn’t roll over in bed. There was no one to make fires in the house, and the flimsy door and windows could not withstand the cold wind. The lumbar disease made her stiff and unable to take care of herself. By this time, she felt that she needed her husband by her side so much…<br />
<br />
画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到一份工作,又赶到唐山,好不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户口的证件。至此,他们已经两地分居六年了。<br />
<br />
The painter went around and asked, and finally found a job for his wife in a hospital in Changchun, and then rushed to Tangshan. With difficulty, he passed many hurdles and got the documents to switch his wife’s job and transfer her registered permanent residence. So far, they had been living apart for six years.<br />
<br />
兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西——优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。耿耿 银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
<br />
When Lanying sat on the train, the platform in Changchun moving in front of her eyes again, she could not help but have mixed feelings. For six years, she lost a lot of things out of her own volition--a bright future in politics, a beautiful youth and excellent conditions. The corners of her pretty eyes were covered with worry lines, and her beautiful cheeks became sallow with a gaunt appearance. She paid a huge price for the ordinary life of ordinary people, and a charge of "the family member of a rightist whose hat was taken off”. The Milky Way was in front of her, and there were the same strict rituals in heaven and on earth. <br />
<br />
陋室铭<br />
<br />
The Humble Room<br />
<br />
破木桌上摊开一张纸片,一只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
<br />
A piece of paper was spread out on the broken wooden table, and a small hand holding the brush, applied watercolor to the paper. Round, square and irregular blocks of color appeared under the brush, representing different still life: the round one was a washtub, the square one was an old wooden box, and the irregular one was a diaper on a clothesline…<br />
<br />
这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
<br />
It was the artist's son sketching. He was born in Changchun, and no matter how difficult the path of his parents' life was, he grew up according to the laws of nature, until he was old enough to grasp a brush with his little hand. <br />
<br />
小屋只有14平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, 一排大连铺占去三分之二的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
<br />
The house was only 14 square meters. A little sister added to the family, and four of them were crammed into a small space, with a large bed taking up two thirds of the area. The broken wooden table in front of the window was the dad's workbench at ordinary times, and the son's bed at night. The rest of the space was for cooking and washing clothes, and there was no extra space.<br />
<br />
眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
<br />
The artist's son had painted the scene in front of him more than once, which was his first subject of contact with life. This lovely third generation in new China repeatedly painted with the most beautiful colors in his young mind, and had accumulated dozens of sketches. Whenever the neighbors came to visit, he would take out his works and show them off in front of them. However, the comments he heard were very disappointing: "Alas, Lanying, why does your precious son only paint the slums?"<br />
<br />
兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
<br />
Lanying gave a wry smile. What could she say? All her son painted were things in her house.<br />
<br />
兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头一样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
<br />
After Lanying moved to Changchun, she took on heavy housework and lived a hard life. She was used to eating ready-made meals in the canteen before, and never cooked; by this time, she was distressed to find that it was more difficult to steam the corn cake without turning souring than to perform a surgical operation in the hospital. For a long time, the steamed corn cakes, steamed bread of corn and steamed buns that the whole family ate were unbearably sour and hard like stones. The children still gobbled them up as if they natively tasted like that.<br />
<br />
家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱一个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭 。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
<br />
The family's finances were tight. The total income of two college graduates could not keep up with the increase of family members and the rise of commodity prices. The son was lucky enough to eat cake for a few days when he was a child. When it was the daughter's turn, the parents could no longer afford to buy cakes, so they had to buy bread that was a dime per piece to give the children a treat. Later, the parents brought home discounted black bread. Even so, the children were so happy, smiling from ear to ear.<br />
<br />
他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
<br />
They pinched and scraped, but still spent more than their income. At the end of every month, Lanying and the painter would empty out their pockets face to face.<br />
<br />
“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, we haven't bought the meat for this month yet." Lanying said.<br />
<br />
“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
<br />
"Let’s buy it." The painter said, "It's Sunday. It’s time to improve a meal."<br />
<br />
妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服口袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
<br />
The wife had been penniless for a while. The painter turned his pockets inside out to scrap up enough money to buy a catty of meat.<br />
<br />
儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
<br />
The son, who had already prepared a small snow sled and waited there, took the money and ran away with joy.<br />
<br />
过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
<br />
After a while, the son's cheer came from the door: "Come on, the meat is bought back!"<br />
<br />
画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
<br />
The painter and his wife ran out to greet it, but they were stunned: "Where's the meat?"<br />
<br />
儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚才他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤肉颠得没影了……<br />
<br />
My son looked back and saw that the snow sled was empty. He was too happy and run too fast, the catty of meat tossed away…<br />
<br />
“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
<br />
As the "buyer" had never failed in his duty, he became downhearted this time. The painter and Lanying had to comfort their son, holding his embarrassed little face and laughing.<br />
<br />
儿子也笑了。一场精神上的欢笑 代替了假日的会餐。<br />
<br />
The son laughed too. A time of mirth in spirit replaced the holiday meal.<br />
<br />
在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, the so-called "spiritual aristocrats" were finding jobs for themselves. Some decorated the facade of restaurants and hotels, painting some pictures to exchange bottles of wine and whole cases of fish. Some were busy with their household sidelines, producing modern furniture by hand. Others worked as art tutors, and if the students they taught had good backgrounds, their situations would soon be improved. But Yuan Yunsheng did not get any "extra money" and did not look for a way out. He was very busy. He worked during the day, honestly completing the tasks given to him and trying not to be faulted; after he came back home at night, he indulged in painting, steeping himself in his beloved art, and didn’t have time to do the housework.<br />
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在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似的想点办法?”<br />
<br />
At the most difficult time for the family, Lanying said to Yunsheng in a tentative tone, "Could you think of some ways like others?"<br />
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“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
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"Think of what?" The painter asked in amazement.<br />
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“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合过得去……”<br />
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"I don't ask for anything more." The wife said, "I mean, if possible, to make life at home barely get by..."<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
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The husband shook his head: "There is a way. But that would wreck my art!"<br />
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妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题一搁,永远不再提起。<br />
<br />
The wife knew the weight of the word "art" in her husband's heart. The subject was put aside, and never mentioned again.<br />
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兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥一顿饱一顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣服洗一洗吧。”<br />
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Lanying was sick from exhaustion, tortured by the pain of lumbar spine strain, and sometimes had to stay in bed. Whenever it happened, the sky of the family collapsed and everything was in chaos. The whole family ate erratically; when the children's clothes were dirty, they didn’t have others to change; the sheets were splattered with the painter's oil, like a canvas of an abstract painter... As a medical worker, Lanying had minimum requirements for sanitation. She could not tolerate it anymore, lying in bed and commending the painter: "Wash the sheets and clothes today."<br />
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“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干一场。<br />
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"Okay." The husband obediently put down the brush and rolled up his sleeves as if he was about to get some things done.<br />
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他把床单和衣服泡了满满一盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他一忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;一忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
<br />
He soaked a full tub of sheets and clothes. As he washed, his hands on the washboard slowed down, and his eyes rested on the opposite wall. There hung a new painting, with the oil not yet dry. One minute he tilted his head sideways, looking pleased with himself; the next he frowned, as if he had found something unsatisfactory.<br />
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他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
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He stood up sharply, wiped his soapy hands on his breast, took a brush, and jumped on the bench, making some changes on the painting.<br />
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兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过一丝苦笑。<br />
<br />
Lanying lay on the bed, with a wry smile flitting across the corner of his mouth.<br />
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画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
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The painter jumped off the bench and went back to the washtub. After a while, he couldn't help looking up at the wall again...<br />
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一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,一共跳了多少次?”<br />
<br />
The day passed. He finally finished washing a tub of clothes, taking more than seven hours on it, and did not have time to cook. The whole family was hungry. Lanying, angry and amused, asked humorously, "Hey, how many times did you jump up and down from the bench?"<br />
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画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
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The painter shook his head blankly.<br />
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兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪——整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
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Lanying said: "You do not remember. I counted it for you--twenty times! Oh, what am I gonna do about you? When doing housework, you are lazy than anyone; when picking up the brush, you are more diligent than anyone..."<br />
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天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入睡;儿子一沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另一只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
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It was dark, and snow fell heavily outside the window, like tearing the cotton wool. Lanying, looking at the ceiling, wasn’t able to sleep; as soon as her son touched the pillow, he fell into a sound and sweet sleep. In the other corner of the hut, under the dim light, the painter was rocking his daughter with one hand, while the other hand was holding a brush and painting. He hummed an improvised lullaby, the song echoing softly in the hut...<br />
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漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
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They spent many nights like this in the long winter.<br />
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兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为一个正直的画家的妻子的全部甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
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The husband’s humming rang in Lanying’s ears, and she silently sank in thought. When she first fell in love with him, she admired his integrity and loyalty to art. Now, she had experienced all the joys and sorrows of being the wife of an upright painter. He was content with being poor and lonely. He didn’t have a normal family life, couldn’t see the light at the end of the tunnel, only asking for work, not the harvest... Who but his wife really understood him? He not only was not understood by the society, but he was also identified as a bad man, with sticks always waving above his head. Whenever thinking of these, the pain of the poor couple's disharmony dissipated, and the wife's heart turned into a spring water, full of female tenderness.<br />
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她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
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She thought, if two people shared the housework, they would get nothing done. Even if she had a terrible backache tomorrow, she had to bite the bullet and get up, bearing the heavy load of housework...<br />
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车轮下<br />
<br />
Under the Wheels<br />
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袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
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Yuan Yunsheng slept late at night and when he rubbed his eyes the next morning, it was already broad daylight outside the window. "Shit!" He dressed frantically, "I'll be late again..."<br />
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兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为一家人做早饭。<br />
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Lanying had already got up, enduring the back pain, and was making breakfast for the family.<br />
<br />
画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
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The painter asked in amazement, "Who told you to get up? You are not well yet!"<br />
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兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺一躺。”画家匆匆吃过早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
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Lanying said, "It's nothing, I'm still on sick leave anyway. I can still lie down after you leave." The painter hurriedly ate the breakfast, pushed the bicycle and rushed out the door.<br />
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在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过一场大雪,北风一刮,马路上结着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
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In Changchun, it was the season when dripping water turned into ice and the breath from the mouth immediately turned to frost. After a heavy snowfall, and when the north wind blew, the roads were thick with ice. The trees on the roadside were covered with silver flowers, and the buildings shone with a dazzling silver glow like a richly decorated jade palace.<br />
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画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命 的时刻。<br />
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The painter was very anxious. Early in the morning, for others was the beginning of the day's work, but for him was the continuation of the night's work. The turn of day and night was the moment when he was busy running around and exhausted.<br />
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人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
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How many ordeals there were in life! Social, natural and accidental...<br />
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穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽听一阵隆隆的马达声。一辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
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Through a street, there was a busy intersection ahead, cars running like the tide. He rode forward cautiously, and suddenly heard a rumble of motors. A reckless truck crossed the intersection, refusing to slow down, as if there was no one else there. <br />
With fast speed, slippery ground, and without preparation, the painter had been too late to dodge it. A crush with a sound of bang, the painter flew far away with the car and fell to the ground. Just then, another truck came from the opposite side, and the painter was passed under the wheels of the truck like a ball...<br />
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街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
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When the people in the street saw this scene of tragedy, they screamed and froze there.<br />
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卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
<br />
The truck driver lost his composure, forgetting to brake in the panic, and putting his right foot on the accelerator and drove on. The truck's big wheels ran over the bicycle, the steel frame uttered a short groan, and the bicycle seat was crushed into a ball. The truck kept going towards the painter.<br />
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这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸口一轧,就算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
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It was a moment of pain, a moment of approaching death. It was over. As soon as the car rolled over his chest, his life was over. He had suffered repeatedly on the road of life, and had never been willing to give in to the fate, but this time he was afraid that he would not be able to escape. He left his beloved art, his wife and children, and died meaninglessly...<br />
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按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同情——预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头——抗争！<br />
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According to Goethe, people could only have three feelings about their own sufferings and that of others: fear, terror and sympathy--the anxiety of foreseeing the coming catastrophe, the unexpected discovery of current suffering and the sympathy for the suffering of the time or the past. However, the painter, who fell under the wheel, had none of these three feelings in the hazy consciousness that flashed through his mind. Even at such a moment, he showed his stubborn character, and had only one strong thought--to struggle!<br />
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接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
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What happened next was unbelievable to the startled roadside pedestrians. They saw the body that fell under the truck suddenly straightened up, stretching out a pair of arms, and clinging to the front bumper of the truck. The truck roared and shook, as if to destroy the barrier; the person under the wheels struggled, slid, and refused to give up. People in the streets of Changchun saw a scene of flesh and blood stubbornly fighting with the steel monster.<br />
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“千万不能倒下！”画家想,“一倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
<br />
"I must not fall down!" The painter thought, "If I fall down, I'll never get up again..."<br />
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卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
<br />
The truck dragged the painter along the icy road, for 5 meters, 10 meters... Until the driver regained his normal reflexes, he hit the brake, overcoming the car's inertia.<br />
<br />
画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
<br />
The painter was injured seriously and his clothes were torn into ragged strips. He was taken to the hospital.<br />
<br />
抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天才清醒过来。<br />
<br />
When Lanying, who was sick at home, heard the news, there was a buzz in her head, and she felt that the sky was spinning, and her legs went limp. It took her a long time to wake.<br />
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兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾一切地赶到医院。存车的时候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙怎么也拔不出来。<br />
<br />
Lanying got on her bicycle and, not knowing where she got the strength, she rushed to the hospital regardless. When she stored the car, she lost strength again. She could hardly look at the hospital door, her hands were shaking, and she could not pull the key out.<br />
<br />
存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚才进医院的时候,自己还能走路。”<br />
<br />
The old lady at the parking lots recognized Lanying: "You are Yuan's lover, right? Don't be afraid. He just walked into the hospital by himself."<br />
<br />
兰英这才觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
<br />
Lanying felt relieved now.<br />
<br />
兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫妻双双躺在床上。<br />
<br />
Lanying took her husband home to recover from his injuries. After this mental stimulation, the sick wife’s body was heavier. Both the couple lay in bed.<br />
<br />
孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和女儿一人捧回一包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
<br />
The child was left unattended. Lanying took out a few cents and asked the children to buy food. After a while, the son and daughter each brought back a packet of cookies, standing by the bed with tears in their eyes.<br />
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儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
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The son said, "Dad, eat this."<br />
<br />
女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
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The daughter said, "Daddy, eat mine."<br />
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兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿......<br />
<br />
Lanying took the children into her arms, wiping away the tears on their little faces for both of them. The children understood the family situation and tasted the desolation and fears of life too soon. Lanying only regrated that she couldn’t have more money to give her husband and children a little spiritual and physical compensation...<br />
<br />
画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰问。他们留下一百块钱赔偿经济损失——画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
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While the painter was recovering from his injuries, the driver who caused the accident and the head of his unit came to his house to apologize and express sympathy. They left a hundred yuan to compensate for the economic loss--the painter's clothes, bicycle and medical expenses.<br />
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客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
<br />
After the guests left, the painter sat on the bed, deep in thought.<br />
<br />
兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看一眼也令人伤心。<br />
<br />
Lanying looked at the pile of money and sighed sadly. Because her husband got it by escaping from death, she was sad even by glancing at it.<br />
<br />
画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
<br />
The painter suddenly got out of bed and paced around the house.<br />
<br />
“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, are you crazy?" His wife said with the tone of blame, "Your leg is not yet healed. Back to bed!"<br />
<br />
画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民——我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去！”<br />
<br />
The painter walked up to his wife, his eyes shining with excitement, "Look, I can walk! You know, I haven't gone out to paint for a long time, because I don't have that condition. How I long for the grassland in northern Shaanxi, the rushing Yellow River, and the people there--I'll take this money and go to Yan'an to paint from life!"<br />
<br />
这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是一个贫病交困的人的最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对一些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那样遥远,拼着性命才能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
<br />
This was the voice in the heart of the artist who just got up from under the wheel! This was the highest hope of a poor and sick man! His request was so limited, which didn’t matter to some people, but was so far away for him, who needed to fight for it with his life. Lanying felt like her chest was hit hard, with her heart burning, and ran out of words. She looked at her husband's sincere face, and understood it. Now that it could bring joy and satisfaction to him who longed to paint, then let him go.<br />
<br />
数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
<br />
A few days later, Yuan Yunsheng, dragging his unhealed body, carrying a heavy pack and painting tools, set off on a snowy and windy road with his wife's affectionate gaze...<br />
<br />
袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng went through difficulties on the trip to northern Shaanxi. As months went by, his face was engraved with the marks of the plateau sun and sandstorms, and he returned home with his bag full of sketches.<br />
<br />
袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,一举一动都受到街道居委会的监视。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing, he went to see Jiang Feng. At that time, the air in Beijing was suffocating. Jiang Feng was over 60 years old, whose situation was even worse than before. He lived alone in a messy compound, and his every move was monitored by the street committee.<br />
<br />
袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没有什么值得高兴的——中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路线走一遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng sat in front of the past the secretary of the Party Committee, bringing recent news of the old areas of northern Shaanxi. The news was nothing to cheer about--the People's Republic of China had been founded for more than twenty years, and everywhere he went along the route of the Red Army’s strategic shift, the people were still living in poverty. The young painter declaimed against the country’s failings, but suddenly thought that the walls have ears, and worried about the situation of the old man, so he dropped the subject and quietly looked at Jiang Feng.<br />
<br />
江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上挂着一幅画框,嵌着一张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng listened peacefully, looking calm, and had not intention of stopping him. On the wall behind him hung a framed sketch, which was exactly the one that Yuan Yunsheng painted for Jiang Feng in the Shuangqiao farm ten years ago. The old man maintained his inherent dignity as usual, and was a true tough man. Yuan Yunsheng experienced once again the spiritual power that calmed people down.<br />
<br />
袁运生打开画夹,把一组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng opened the portfolio and placed a group of sketches of people in northern Shaanxi in front of Jiang Feng, including a shepherd with a wrinkled face, a young people with a cold gaze showing disdain for everything, and a rural girl with her head bowed in contemplation... These characters were real and simple, with distinctive characters, and the unprovoked, unintelligible or artificial smiles that often appeared in general paintings could not be found on their faces. He painted the unique temperament of the people in northern Shaanxi.<br />
<br />
“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
<br />
"No one will publish these pictures if you take them out now." Jiang Feng said, "Maybe if you lose sincerity, you will get praise. But I think you are on the right way. The artist can't cater to the mass!"<br />
<br />
袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手一丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out another long scroll of landscape, 68 centimeters wide and more than 400 centimeters long. This painting depicted the lofty Jiaji Pagoda, the flowing water of the Yellow River that broke the ice, and the vast plateau scenery. It took him two whole days to stand in the cold wind and meticulously paint it with his frozen hands, and the strokes were rigorous and majestic.<br />
<br />
画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于1974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
<br />
In one corner of the picture were noted a few lines of small characters: "Written two days after painting at the end of December 1974, when the Yellow River water just broke the ice and flowed on."<br />
<br />
江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他说:“呵,黄河!一泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声音……"<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng extremely liked it after looking at it. The familiar scenery in northern Shaanxi in the picture evoked the strong feelings of the veteran of Yan’an. He said, "Oh, Yellow River! Flowing down vigorously, rushing and surging, and stirring up lofty high raging waves. I seem to hear its voice again..."<br />
<br />
春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了!<br />
<br />
The day finally came like the spring water breaking through the ice and fire erupting from the heart of the earth!<br />
<br />
担担画<br />
<br />
Shoulder Pole Painting<br />
<br />
“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
<br />
When the "Gang of Four" disappeared from political life, the art world burst into life.<br />
<br />
美术界一些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头角,施展才华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是一个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。这个磨砺精深的艺术家，就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
<br />
Some upright men in the art world sympathized with Yuan Yunsheng, whose talent had been buried for many years, and hoped that he could show his talent again. Zhang Ding, the president of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, wrote specially to recommend him to paint. Fei Zheng, who was now the vice chairman of the Hebei Art Association, also made an effort to help him. However, all these efforts were mildly rebuffed and turned back by various excuses. It was clear that Yuan Yunsheng's name was still an ominous thing, subject to indifference and discrimination. This artist with superb painting skills did not even have the opportunity to draw a comic book.<br />
<br />
乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
<br />
Even when it's warmer there is still a chill. It is most difficult to keep well.<br />
<br />
在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,一头不驯服的长发如垂下万根烦恼丝 。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
<br />
In his humble room in Changchun, Yuan Yunsheng was drawing a portrait of himself with a brush in his hand in front of a mirror. A head full of sadness appeared on the sketch, with deep creases, a weed-like beard, and long untamed hair such as hanging down ten thousand trouble silk. His hair was very long and he didn’t have time to care about it, so rarely trimmed it. This appearance, from the personality of the art, matched the painter's difficult state of mind and stubborn temperament... He was nearly forty years old. Since the criticism of ''Memory of the Water Town'', he had not painted a picture according to his own will for more than ten years. How could it not make him have thousands of trouble silk!<br />
<br />
他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
<br />
He threw down his paintbrush irritably and picked up a novel to kill time.<br />
<br />
兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
<br />
Every time Lanying returned home, she always asked with concern, "Yunsheng, have you got any news?"<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head, and the wife sighed.<br />
<br />
兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
<br />
Lanying was already a middle-aged woman. She gave birth to a third child and shouldered the burden of a family of five. On the family agenda, Lanying's main concern was still her husband's art. Art brought joy to her husband, and his joy was her joy. She also waited with the same anxiety.<br />
<br />
1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
<br />
In May 1978, the enthusiastic efforts of a few friends finally paid off, and Yuan Yunsheng got a chance to go out sketching in the beautiful Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province.<br />
<br />
他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了妻子,全家人像过节一样快乐。<br />
<br />
When he received the telegram from Yunnan People's Publishing House, he was ecstatically happy. He immediately told his wife this excellent thing and the whole family was happy just like at a festival.<br />
<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
<br />
His son asked curiously, "Dad, what does Xishuangbanna look like?"<br />
<br />
“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
<br />
"Beautiful!" He said with a smile, "I'll show you the picture I paint when I came back."<br />
<br />
女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
<br />
His daughter tugged at his coat: "Dad, what good things are there in Xishuangbanna?"<br />
<br />
“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
<br />
"There’s a lot of fruit." He stroked his daughter's head, "I'll buy some for you to eat."<br />
<br />
他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
<br />
He was busy packing and organizing his painting tools, making a big mess, and he could not wait to start on his way.<br />
<br />
兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying looked at the things spread all over the floor and asked in amazement: "Why do you bring so many things?"<br />
<br />
丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注一掷了!”<br />
<br />
Her husband said, "It's a rare opportunity, so I need to go for broke!"<br />
<br />
是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使一颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴一样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
<br />
Yes, this painter had been treated coldly for many years. If you think about his action of picking himself up from under the wheel and going to northern Shaanxi that year, you can understand his feelings at this moment. He was eager to go deeply into life and considered it more important than life. Now, a publishing unit sent a formal invitation to him, which made the heart of a man who was loyal to art ablaze like dry firewood.<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,一针针,一线线,直缝到天色薄明。<br />
<br />
In the evening, Lanying found some old cloth and sewed a backpack for her husband under the lamp, needle by needle, thread by thread, until the break of dawn.<br />
<br />
“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
<br />
"How long will you go this time?" Lanying asked.<br />
<br />
“三个月吧。”画家说,“你一个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
<br />
"About three months." The painter said, "Can you take after three children alone?"<br />
<br />
妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
<br />
The wife smiled: "I'm satisfied that you can think of my difficulties..."<br />
<br />
这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府——景洪。他被西双版纳惊人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁着珠光宝气。<br />
<br />
In May of that year, Yuan arrived at Jinghong, the capital of Xishuangbanna, on the banks of the Lancang River. He was deeply shocked by the amazing beauty of Xishuangbanna. When he looked up, everywhere was rich green, and everywhere was picturesque. <br />
The forest was as green as emerald, the valley was like being paved with green velvet, the river was like flowing congealed fat, and the moist air also felt like crystal. No wonder the Dai people compared Xishuangbanna to a shining jewel. The mountains and waters here were glittering with pearls.<br />
<br />
有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
<br />
Who could feel the beauty of life better than a painter? There were so many beautiful sceneries, as if he came to the paradise in hope. The creator of nature seemed to have a special love for this land and poured out the romantic colors of the world everywhere, so that he feasted his eyes on it and he was ecstatic!<br />
<br />
他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地 。招待所的服务人员很有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进一间中等客房。<br />
<br />
He checked in the Jinghong hostel and took a break, preparing to go deeper into the Xishuangbanna. The hostel staff received the painter politely, leading him into a moderate room.<br />
<br />
画家开口就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "How much does this room cost for one day?"<br />
<br />
服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
<br />
The staff said, "Two yuan and a half."<br />
<br />
“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
<br />
"Is there any room cheaper?"<br />
<br />
“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"There is one for seventy dimes a day."<br />
<br />
“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"Good! I’ll check in this room."<br />
<br />
他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下一步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
<br />
He was used to being careful with his money. When he left Changchun, he borrowed a limited amount of money from his unit. He spent a large part of it in the road, and the next economic source was still unknown... The painter plunged into the thick of life and everyone lived well, but he was willing to live in the bottom.<br />
<br />
幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
<br />
Fortunately, Fei Zheng supported him again, sending him 300 yuan from Hebei. This was three-quarters of Fei Zheng's demobilization fee. This timely and generous support gave Yuan Yunsheng the courage to move forward.<br />
<br />
云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
<br />
The Yunnan People's Publishing House assigned a young editor to accompany Yuan Yunsheng to paint. When the Dai boy came to meet him at the hostel, the painter took out everything he had brought from Changchun.<br />
<br />
好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有140多斤重。小伙子看了直抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
<br />
My goodness! The big wooden box contained 18 pieces of plywood, several big bundles of manuscript paper, and a backpack as big as a sack, which was stuffed with pigments, painting tools and daily necessities... They weighed more than 140 pounds altogether. The young man scratched the back of his head after looking at them. He couldn’t imagine how the painter carried them off the train and took them into the dense forests of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out a shoulder pole, smiling at the young man.<br />
<br />
瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
<br />
Look how proud he was, as if he wanted to take the natural scenery of Xishuangbanna into his bag. A few days later, he picked this bent shoulder pole, into the lush subtropical jungle...<br />
<br />
奏鸣曲<br />
<br />
Sonata<br />
<br />
瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
<br />
Look, that was the big banyan tree! Its crown was like clouds that could shelter against the sun, as a solemn and benevolent old grandmother.<br />
<br />
呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
<br />
Ah, that was the areca nut tree, straight and tall, and the local young men and women used it to symbolize everlasting love.<br />
<br />
那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝一样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
<br />
That was the sandalwood tree, whose branches and leaves were as thin as hair. It looked so dashing, like a poet reciting poetry with his hair hanging down.<br />
<br />
就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
<br />
Even the bamboo forest here was different. It was luxuriant and verdant, growing in clusters, like a peacock showing its tail.<br />
<br />
西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在一棵树前,一画就是一整天。<br />
<br />
The plants in Xishuangbanna were the most beautiful! The abundant sunshine and humid climate gave the plant population a particularly rich, dense, and graceful image. The world here was unparalleled, and was looked full of beautiful things. The painter had to suppress his excitement, to gather his feelings and to retain his feelings more precisely in a slower way. He stood in front of a tree and painte all day.<br />
<br />
“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
<br />
"Hey, what kind of tree is that?" The painter asked his fellow editor.<br />
<br />
“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
<br />
"It's called the pattra-leaf tree." The young man enthusiastically introduced, "The Dai people use its leaves instead of paper, and many ancient folklores are recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra."<br />
<br />
袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。每一笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理睬......<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng spread out the paper and painted the unique canopies of the pattra-leaf tree, which were in order, as if the tree wore an armor made of metal chains. Each brush stroke played its role, showing the vitality of green life in layers on the paper. The tropical sun was shooting flames above the painter's head, and it was very hot that beads of sweat oozed from his head. Swarms of insects flew out of the grass and could not be driven away. His legs were red and felt itchy from being bitten. He shook his head helplessly and simply ignored them...<br />
<br />
中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来才深有感受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
<br />
At noon, the young man brought two glutinous rice cakes and thrust them into the painter's hand: "I deeply feel that painting is really a hard job when I come out with you."<br />
<br />
画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在一起的......”<br />
<br />
The painter said with a smile, "Beauty and bitter are always linked together..."<br />
<br />
他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
<br />
They had been staying in a Dai family's bamboo hut. The painter got to know the customs of this warm and kind ethnic group from the perspective of daily life.<br />
<br />
每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
<br />
Every day after dinner, the painter came out of the bamboo hut and went to the forest glade. This was the most charming moment in Xishuangbanna. The sunset glow tinted the village, the treetops, and the water of Lancang River red. A group of Dai girls came slowly, carrying small spinning wheels on their shoulders, small lanterns in their hands, and their tight and floor-length dresses swaying with the wind. They were so slender, so light on their feet, and so graceful, as if a group of beautiful fairies had descended from the sky.<br />
<br />
“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露一截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后一盘,自然地溜向一边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
<br />
"So beautiful!" The painter expressed his feeling to the companion, "Look, those girls' girdles, golden and silver, are like exquisite crafts. But I will never paint their girdles, which will separate the body and destroy the integrity of it. I prefer their natural dressing. See, those girls' dressing is very natural. Their jackets are short, their skirts are long, and a part of the waist is exposed between the jacket and the skirt, which is a high level of aesthetic point of view, making them look slim and tall, pavilion... And look at their hairstyle, tying the hair into a bun, which is naturally slipped to one side. It has got a real Tang style! This ethnic group is amazing. They know best the beauty of details..."<br />
<br />
少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来一阵阵悠扬的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
<br />
The girls dispersed to all corners of the forest glade. Small groups of boys came out of nowhere, and gathered around the girls, talking and laughing. Through the twilight, an orange lantern was lit, and there came the sound of spinning wheels. Dai women had known since childhood not to rely on their parents but to rely on hard-working hands to prepare their own dowry. They were weaving happy love.<br />
<br />
诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就在苦苦思索一个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
<br />
The poetic atmosphere of the southern border was knocking on the window of the artist's inspiration. Whenever such a moment came, Yuan Yunsheng was thinking hard about a question: What was the master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
<br />
Was beauty in your colorful appearance and jewelry with pearls and jades? Painted your face, but could not paint your unique charm; collapsed at your feet, only acting as a servant of the naturalism.<br />
<br />
面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我感受却不尽相同。一百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,一百种不同的表现方法。<br />
<br />
Faced with the same object, the images on different painters’ retinas were the same; however, their own feelings were not the same. A hundred painters could have a hundred different answers, and a hundred different methods of expression.<br />
<br />
艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。 <br />
<br />
Art was valued for having a "self". He was looking for “his” own Xishuangbanna.<br />
<br />
从夏末到中秋,他在一串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勐定的一个偏僻的小村寨。<br />
<br />
From late summer to mid-autumn, he left his footprints in a string of pearl-like place names, and then came to a small remote village in Mengding.<br />
<br />
这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本寨的荣耀。<br />
<br />
The painter's visit caused a sensation in the small cottage, where apparently few guests had visited. During the evening meeting, the whole village cast warm and curious glances at him with laughter and noise, as if his arrival was an honor for the village.<br />
<br />
同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无力同病魔斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是“鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者一商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
<br />
The fellow editor told him that the village was called "Ghost Village". Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Dai people could not fight against illnesses. If someone was ill, it was said that he was possessed by a "ghost". When someone in the same village was pointed out to be the incarnation of the "ghost", several "respected" elders would immediately drive him out after discussion. Over time, those who were driven out formed a village, gathering a group of people who were discriminated against.<br />
<br />
“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的一瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
<br />
The sufferings of the people in the "ghost village" drew the deep sympathy of the painter. The painter cast a friendly glance at them and found that the people here had beautiful looks. If the Dai ethnic group was a beautiful ethnic group, this village was the essence of beauty. The girls like flowers, the charming women, the sturdy young men, all of whom were happy to accept the painter's request to make a sketch of themselves. Later, they simply came to the painter's home and stood in front of him with good grace, hoping to attract his attention. The painter was so busy that he waved his hand without a break. They loved beauty by nature and were proud of it.<br />
<br />
小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在一起进餐,然后由男方挑着担子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像一泓溪水那样清澈。<br />
<br />
Life in the small village was calm and quiet. The painter lived for many days and he didn't hear of any family quarrel. Men and women were financially independent of each other, and earned income, daily necessities, and working tools were clearly divided. When there were rifts in a family, the woman usually proposed to move away. The whole family sat quietly together for a meal before her departure, and then the man carried the pole to see her off. They treated each other with respect. The old and young were in harmony with each other. The young generation respected the elders and served them with courtesy; the elders took care of the younger generation, but never rigidly restrain them... What a simple relationship between them! It was not polluted by the secular society, as clear as a stream.<br />
<br />
一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
<br />
After a day’s work, the young men and women danced the Elach on the green grass. Joyful drumbeats and the crisp sound of gongs created a distinctive rhythm. The girls formed a queue, stepping gracefully and stretching their soft arms. They had reserved and self-respecting looks with a solemn yearning in the haze. What were they yearning for?<br />
<br />
这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在古老的贝叶经里的传说——从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑娘们生出一计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头一沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
<br />
This was a common dance in the Water-Sprinkling Festival. The Dai editor who accompanied the painter told the painter a legend recorded in the ancient the Pattra-leaf Sutra--once upon a time there was an ugly demon Lord who wanted to take the beautiful girls from each village for himself. He plundered six girls and wanted to take the seventh one, which was hated by the Dai people. The girls came up with a plan to get him drunk and asked him, "What are you most afraid of?" The devil said that he was afraid of nothing. He could only be strangled with his hair, but he could be reborn when his head touched the ground... The girls strangled his head while he was drunk. In order to keep his head from touching the ground, the girls took turns to hold his head in their hands. The annual Water-Sprinkling Festival was to celebrate the people's victory over devilry and to wash away the dirty stains left behind by the demon Lord, so that the spring of freedom and happiness was always in the hearts of the Dai people...<br />
<br />
晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
<br />
At night, the painter returned to the bamboo hut. The moonlight was bright and the shadow of trees was dancing, like flowing mercury pouring in front of the door. On this silent night, he could not sleep for a long time.<br />
<br />
广为流传的神话传说,往往是一个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑海里汇集,逐渐熔化为一团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西双版纳。这是一个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条——单纯与丰富高度和谐地统一!<br />
<br />
Widespread myths and legends were often the windows to the mind of an ethnic group. The story about the origin of the Water-Sprinkling Festival deepened the painter's understanding of this ethnic group who loved beauty. Since he set foot on the land of Xishuangbanna, the mountains, rivers, forests, people and landscapes he saw were like countless colorful light spots, whirling and flickering, gathering in his mind, and gradually melting into a bright flame, which rose from the canopy of thinking. Oh! The master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna, wasn’t the spiritual power of the Dai people to worship a better future and great love? Their hearts were so clean that they always kept their ethnic group’s nature of purity. So, the colorful and vibrant plants, and the natural and simple Dai women with their unique beauty constituted the painter’s general image of Xishuangbanna: "my" own Xishuangbanna. This was a world of lines, soft and elastic lines, unrestrained and smooth lines, upright and beautiful lines, and also tangled and slow lines like gossamers--simplicity and richness were highly harmonious!<br />
<br />
他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的一组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
<br />
He waved lines and made hundreds of line-drawing paintings. If the heavy color painting was compared to the symphony, the line drawing was the solo of lines. Yuan Yunsheng's artistic style, which was formed through years of honing, showed a fantastic charm in the solo of lines. It was a set of passionate sonatas that he dedicated to the Dai people with sincere feelings.<br />
<br />
昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
<br />
Kunming held an exhibition for Yuan Yunsheng. His paintings were delivered to the Yunnan People's Publishing House for selection and editing. The foreword written for him by the editor Liu Shaohui began with a few lines from the Dai folk narrative poem ''The Gourd Letter''.<br />
<br />
公主啊!<br />
<br />
O Princess!<br />
<br />
你是一颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
<br />
You are a brilliant jewel,<br />
<br />
但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
<br />
I wish I were a silversmith,<br />
<br />
把宝石镶在我的心上......<br />
<br />
Setting the jewel in my heart...<br />
<br />
他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
<br />
He praised Yuan Yunsheng for setting the "jewel" of Xishuangbanna in his heart.<br />
<br />
二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
<br />
For more than twenty years, it was the first time Yuan Yunsheng heard an affirmation of his art.<br />
<br />
袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
<br />
During his stay in Yunnan, Yuan Yunsheng constantly received letters from his wife, who told him they were safe.<br />
<br />
兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
<br />
What Lanying said in the letter made the painter felt like drinking a glass of sweet spring water, cool and delicious, soothing and cheerful when he read each letter. At the end of his wife's letters, there were always these lines: "Don't worry about the family. Paint your paintings, and if you can't finish them, you don't have to hurry back..."<br />
<br />
画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
<br />
The painter smiled with relief. During his busy days in Xishuangbanna, his main worry was "the fire in the backyard", but his wife's letter lifted his worries.<br />
<br />
其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
<br />
In fact, it was an eventful year. A wind of earthquakes blew in Changchun, and the whole city was in a panic. People were busy building quake-proof shelters, moving things, and transferring to shelters.<br />
<br />
画家在长春的一个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁愕然了。<br />
<br />
A friend of the painter in Changchun, thinking of the painter's wife and children, rushed to their home to visit. He was stunned.<br />
<br />
这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出一个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗震棚挪动着……<br />
<br />
The humble room was as it had been, and the furniture and sundries were not organized. The children were playing with their heads down. Lanying, bending over and sweating, dragged out a heavy wooden box full of the painter's paintings from the house, and moved it to the nearby quake-proof shelter...<br />
<br />
显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
<br />
Obviously, this was the most precious thing in the heart of the painter's wife. She knew the painter's hardship best, understanding the value of art from the hardships of it.<br />
<br />
朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道。<br />
<br />
The friend's heart trembled with excitement. Lanying still did not tell her husband about this. If his friend had not later recounted the scene he saw, he would never have known.<br />
<br />
壁画之梦 <br />
<br />
The Dream of Murals<br />
<br />
不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。 <br />
<br />
At some point, through the glass window covered with ice flowers, a hazy blue light came in, like a fairy stretching out her white arms and lifting the veil as soft as a dream.<br />
<br />
屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀一样扑朔不定。 <br />
<br />
The room seemed bright and dim, with faint yellow glow of the electric light and murky air around, and the glow fluttered in a haze of smoke like wings.<br />
<br />
他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。 <br />
<br />
He wagged his head vigorously, and rubbed his eyes. The paintings on the table turned into a white mist, rising and spreading. Everything was blurred.<br />
<br />
他搞不清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里…… <br />
<br />
He didn’t know whether he was awake at the moment, or vaguely in a dream...<br />
<br />
昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。一抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从梦境回到了现实的世界。 <br />
<br />
Last night he slept too late and smoked too much. Or rather, he didn't sleep, just lying next to the messy paintings and ashtray full of cigarette butts on the table for a while. When he looked up, it was dawn. The first ray of morning sunlight caressed the buildings in the suburbs of Beijing. He pushed the window open, and let the cold morning breeze chase away the fatigue of the night. He went back from the dream to the real world.<br />
<br />
这是1979年1月,在北京白家庄。 <br />
<br />
It was January 1979, in Baijiazhuang, Beijing.<br />
<br />
袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和工艺美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得到了推荐,也在被邀请之列。 <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing on his way home from a six-month-long trip to Yunnan. A great joy forced him to stay in Beijing. At that time, the new terminal building of Capital Airport was like a magnificent crystal palace going up in the eastern suburbs of Beijing, equipped with the world's most advanced technology. The spacious and comfortable departure lounges and restaurants, automatic doors, baggage carousels, weight scales with electronic digital display, special quartz clocks made by Seikosha, high-efficiency indoor air conditioning devices, precise navigation and communication systems... They constituted the magnificent air gateway of the capital, whose degree of modernization was unparalleled in China. In today's world, modern architectural design was integrated with exquisite art decoration, and the ancient mural art was revived, accommodating with the development of construction industry based on new industrial technology. People in charge of the capital airport were managers of the new enterprise indeed. They invited more than fifty excellent artists as well as arts and crafts workers, led by Zhang Ding, the dean of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, to create a large modern murals for the terminal building. Yuan Yunsheng, who had been silent for more than two decades, was lucky enough to be recommended and was among the invitees.<br />
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随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使一些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单一些,拿他的话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。” <br />
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With the opening of a crack in the window of ideological liberation in early 1979, the close relationship between literature and art and politics, which was very hot, was gradually adjusted over the years, making some artists calm down. They reconsidered the old and difficult proposition of the relationship between literature and art and politics, and denied the claim that literature and art was subordinate to politics. Their intentions were kind and peaceful, unwilling to use the arrow of art to touch sensitive political issues to avoid being blamed for something other than art; at the same time, they hoped to escape from the influence of the wind change and maintain the relative stability of the range of art, without rising or falling like a floating feather. But Yuan Yunsheng thought more simply, in his words, "Art is art, which needs to be sincere."<br />
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袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节——生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻辑和客观条件应运而生的。 <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng's large mural design ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', was born based on this simple logic and objective conditions.<br />
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候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的一块地方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴的哲理。他决定抦弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。” <br />
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A large wall of the passenger’s dining room in the terminal, together with a corner, was given to him. What a big space! He stood before the white wall, astonished and delighted, wanting to pour out all the words in the heart to this wall. Artistic creation always spared no effort without reservation to present the most beautiful part of the artist's feelings of the mind. For more than twenty years, the language of art and life he had accumulated resounded in his heart like a surging river, and the unforgettable impression he had from his trip to Xishuangbanna was the climax of the good things and the leaping wave of his whole life experience. At that time, the only subject he thought of was the Water-Splashing Festival. The myths and legends he heard, recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra condensed the emotions like flames, the free imagination and the clear and pure philosophy of the tropical ethnic group. He decided to abandon the conception of genre and narrative paintings and used the lines he had practiced over the years to express the people's desire for a future of freedom and happiness. He said, “It is a pleasant surprise for me to paint a mural praising the spirit and sentiment of the Dai people on a huge wall with 27 meters wide and 3.4 meters high."<br />
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主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知命运如何? <br />
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Artists who advocated art for the sake of politics could also attribute this subject to politics. However, this idea, after all, left the specific political context and contained the deeper and more distant time and space as well as timeless themes. If it was in the past, such an artistic conception would have been intervened by politics and would have been accused of rebelling against orthodoxy. What was his fate this time?<br />
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袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境…… <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng's brother, Yuan Yunfu, gave him a room in his apartment in Baijiazhuang, which was both a bedroom and a studio. However, the small bed was rarely used. He spread out his sketch and entered a dream, a dream of flowing lines and beautiful colors...<br />
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在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统一。那座大门却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门搏斗,一支接一支地吸烟,一张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。 <br />
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In the dream of art, there were also untold troubles. Apart from anything else, the door in the wall of the dining room was annoying. Originally, the artistic language of mural should be harmonized with the artistic language of architecture. The door, however, divided the wall and become an obstacle to the artistic conception. He spent the whole night fighting with the annoying door, smoking one cigarette after another, and drawing one sketch after another. His brother lived in the room opposite to his room, who could see the light coming from the crack of the door all night long, and the smell of smoke wafted up. And his energy, effort and life were consumed in the light blue smoke. The next day when the door was opened, his face was pale.<br />
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“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。 <br />
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"How can your body stand it!" Yuan Yunfu said.<br />
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“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……” <br />
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"It's doesn't matter." He smiled faintly, "I get used to it..."<br />
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在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出一股韧性。为了重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟此时的心情。 <br />
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In the eyes of the elder brother, his younger brother was a completely different people than before. On the night more than twenty years ago, when Yuan Yunsheng told his brother that he was classified as a "rightist” in the same room, his round face was full of innocence, as if he was telling a light anecdote. Now, that face had experienced the hardships and troubles of life, stumbling on the rugged road, and had become angular with a stern look, revealing a resilience. In order to regain this opportunity to create in Beijing, what a price he had to pay! Yuan Yunfu understood his brother's feelings at this time.<br />
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整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法——“拱桥的两头很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》） <br />
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All day long, Yuan Yunsheng locked himself in his room and had a dream of mural. He was inspired by the familar principle of the arch bridge in the suburbs of Suzhou, and found a way to cross the gate -- “The two ends of the arch bridge are very heavy, holding the towering and thin top. It is stable in mechanics, and how beautiful the curve like the rainbow is! The idea of constructing a rainbow of people with the activities of the Dai people is fascinating..." (quoted in ''Art Research'', Issue 1, 1980, Yuan Yunsheng: ''The Dream of Murals'')<br />
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实现这个迷人的想法,真是一项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每一个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了…… <br />
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It was a huge project to realize this fascinating idea. The splendid and colorful images of the Water-Splashing Festival came to his eyes: carrying water, sharing water, splashing water, dancing, boat racing, bathing at night, the quiet family life in the bamboo house of the Dai people and the young men and women who didn’t want to leave with each other in the jungle after dusk... Hundreds of characters appeared under his brush, and each of them was vivid and true. At the same time, it was decorative, exaggerated, personalized, and full of lyricism. The sketch was longer and longer, and the crowds like the rainbow were stretching out. The painter, who was immersed in the frenzy of his creation, seemed to be accompanied by music in his ears. He grasped the brush as if grasping the baton of the symphony orchestra, to express the shifts of melody and rhythm through the flowing lines, and the solemn, fervent and tenaciously upward theme song gradually rose up...<br />
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又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还有灯光。 <br />
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It was another early morning that Yuan Yunfu, who lived in the opposite room, woke up from his sleep and saw the light under the door of his brother’s room.<br />
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这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧…… <br />
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Yuan Yunfu was also very tired these days. He also participated in the creation of murals at the Capital Airport, painting the first draft of ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan''. If he was exploring the path of art with his experience and artistic accomplishment, his brother was sprinting with his life. Half a month passed, in fifteen days and nights, the light in the opposite room did not go out. What an amazing perseverance! Even the golden stone should cry for his sincerity of the art... <br />
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对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀! <br />
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A light blue smoke was coming from the opposite room with a heavy coughing sound, each hoarser than the last. However, he was still painting, and still smoking incessantly. The coughing sound could be heard without end, and it was heart-wrenching to hear it in the silence before dawn. He was destroying the foundation of his health to build a spiritual building, and the lines on the sketch were clearly the blood streak of life!<br />
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天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休息几天,回长春去过年吧。” <br />
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After dawn, Yuan Yunfu said to his brother, "You probably forget that the day after tomorrow is Lunar New Year's Eve. I advise you to take a few days off and go back to Changchun for the New Year."<br />
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袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用。第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制。” <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng shook his head, “I don’t have enough time. Although the second draft was drawn, but I haven’t had time to copy it."<br />
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“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。” <br />
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"You don’t care about your own body, but you have to think about Lanying.” His brother said. "You have been away from Changchun for more than six months. It is unreasonable for you not to go back for the Spring Festival."<br />
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提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能在家待几天?” <br />
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When it came to Lanying, Yuan Yunsheng was no longer obstinate. On New Year's Eve, he rushed back to Changchun. Lanying asked him, "How many days can you stay at home this time?"<br />
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画家说:“春节一过,还得讨论画稿。这一稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了。” <br />
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The painter said, "After the New Year, I still have to discuss the drafts. I have not made a copy of this one yet, so I brought it back home."<br />
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兰英叹了一口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……” <br />
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Lanying sighed, "So, even in the Spring Festival, you still can’t have a good rest..."<br />
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画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。” <br />
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The painter said, "It's not difficult to copy, but it takes time."<br />
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兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?” <br />
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Lanying thought about it, "Well, can I help you?"<br />
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画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。 <br />
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The painter looked at his wife with affection and nodded.<br />
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这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下一个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹…… <br />
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This was the first time that Lanying was directly involved in her husband's artistic creation. At night, they turned on the lamp, set up a glass plate, laid out a translucent copy paper, and copied the painting of the Water-Splashing Festival together. This work, which celebrated the Dai people, also left traces of a Han woman's feelings...<br />
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从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
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From the first to the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, they spent their time in this way. Lanying and the painter stayed up late together.<br />
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忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴云笼罩着...... <br />
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The busy painter did not even notice that Lanying's thin face was more withered, covered by the heavy cloud of illness...<br />
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牛皮纸 <br />
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Kraft Paper<br />
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春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。 <br />
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Just after the Spring Festival, Yuan Yunsheng returned to Beijing with the colored design.<br />
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绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
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Preparations for the mural painting were under way intensely. In order to get the best artistic effect, Capital Airport imported a batch of acrylic paints from Hong Kong. This was a new painting material popular in Europe, America and Japan in recent years. It had bright and soft color, strong covering power, and was suitable for multi-layered sfumato and foil, and maintained the stability of the color of the painting for a long time under various conditions of wetting, drying, hot and cold.<br />
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参加《泼水节——生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
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Lian Weiyun and Fei Zheng, two collaborators who participated in the painting of ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', also arrived in succession. They were both accomplished middle-aged artists. After looking Yuan Yunsheng's design, they were impressed by the charm of the combination of traditional techniques of Chinese painting and western modern art, and were interested in it and eager to have a try.<br />
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脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。 <br />
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The scaffolding was set up and the walls were covered with solid backing cloth. Everything was ready and it was early summer. One day in June, Lanying came to Beijing from Changchun.<br />
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兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的一次妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。 <br />
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This time, Lanying made a special trip to Beijing to see a doctor. In fact, her condition had already been discovered. In a gynecological examination before the Spring Festival, the doctor felt an obvious foreign body in the uterus. Because her husband was away and she needed to take care of the children, her illness had not been treated. Recently, due to the rapid aggravation of her condition, she had to go to a large hospital in Beijing for a diagnosis.<br />
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在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻待在一起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮工。 <br />
<br />
While waiting to see a doctor, Lanying and her husband stayed in a newly built hotel for international flight crews at the Capital Airport. The room was small but comfortable with spring beds, a bathroom, and shutters in the ceiling also indicated that there was air-conditioning equipment. Since her marriage, Lanying had never lived in such a high-class accommodation with her husband. However, the time the couple spent together was still limited. Every day, when the first purple rays of the morning sun came in through the curtains, Yuan Yunsheng turned over and got up, hurriedly wipded the face. The sound of rushing away footsteps could be heard in the corridor. After a busy day, it was already late at night when he returned, covered in sweat and paint, like a house repairman who had just climbed down from the scaffolding.<br />
<br />
好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是出乎意料的,几个月以前的一小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到癌——恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢? <br />
<br />
Finally, it was the day of diagnosis. When Lanying got the diagnosis, moving tired steps out of the hospital, she felt her body and mind sinking downward, as if sinking into a bottomless abyss. The rate of the development of the disease was unexpected, a small foreign body a few months ago had grown into a big lump. Lanying herself was a surgeon, with professional knowledge and clinical experience, who understood the seriousness in the rate of deterioration of the disease. She thought about cancer--malignant cells tended to cause malformed expansion, while benign tumors were relatively steady; if it was not cancer, it was just a fluke. She walked slowly, and her mind was empty, the grey mist floating and sparks of consciousness flickering on and off. She felt painfully, intuitively, that the defenses of her health had been destroyed by everyday’s pressure because of excessive worry and fatigue from chores over the years. Did her lover, her children and everything in the future still belong to her?<br />
<br />
她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了候机大楼,站在脚手架旁…… <br />
<br />
She went back to the airport. The painter could not be found at the accommodation during the day. She stepped across the long asphalt road, entered the terminal building, and stood by the scaffolding...<br />
<br />
大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着一场真正的建设——脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。 <br />
<br />
The lobby was spacious and solemn. The new glass windows reflected the blue sky, and the abundant light rushed in and then spread out, softly scattering on the four walls. Here, in the heat of June, there was a real construction going on--the huge structure of scaffolding climbing up to the roof; on the ground, brushes, palettes and paint buckets were piled up haphazardly, showing how busy the art site was.<br />
<br />
兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在…… <br />
<br />
Lanying looked up and found her husband's figure on the scaffolding. He bent over, holding a brush in his hand, sketching on the wall. His long black hair hang down from his forehead, swinging ceaselessly in the air with his body, as if a cellist holding the bowstring was absorbed in the enchanting music he was playing, and the world around him no longer existed...<br />
<br />
兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,一个艺术赤子的オ华、智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。 <br />
<br />
Lanying stood there dumbfounded. Here and now, perhaps only she could deeply understand her husband's state of mind. From the tiny world of that humble room in Changchun to this grand and spacious lobby, the talents, wisdom and suppressed ambition of a man who was loyal to art broke away from all fetters and poured out. He even wanted to put his hot life into the tip of the brush, pouring, splashing and melting into the picture in front of him.<br />
<br />
墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华! <br />
<br />
Various lines on the wall presented the dense jungle in Xishuangbanna, full of vitality. With the movement of the brush, like the process happened in color developer in the darkroom, the images of several Dai women gradually became clear. Their stretched waists, flexible arms, and action of strong inclination added the sense of motion of the scene of water splashing. Lanying seemed to hear the cheerful rhythm of the small gong and the exciting drumbeat of the elephant-foot drum. The hazy expressions in the women's faces had infinite yearnings. Thus, the dead wall became alive. It was the artist's passion for life was shining, the reproduction of a beautiful vision. The limited life of the artist was sublimated in the meaningful art!<br />
<br />
站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。 <br />
<br />
Standing behind the art stage to see the art was the easiest to touch off the aftertaste of life. <br />
<br />
兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得到了精神的补偿。 <br />
<br />
Lanying felt relaxed, and the heavy feeling like being clogged with lead when she left the hospital was alleviated. Art had already intruded into her destiny, turning her from an outsider into an insider. She got spiritual compensation from the breath of artistic creation.<br />
<br />
这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查有结果了吗?” <br />
<br />
At this time, the painter climbed down from the scaffolding, spotted his wife at a glance, and walked quickly towards her, "Did you get the result of the examination at the hospital?"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说......” <br />
<br />
Lanying said. "Go on with your work. I’ll talk to you when we came back..."<br />
<br />
妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。” <br />
<br />
The peaceful face of his wife reassured the painter. He said, "You should stay in your room and have a good rest."<br />
<br />
“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
<br />
"I'm not tired. Lanying smiled faintly and said with studied casualness, "What can I do for you?"<br />
<br />
Chapter Two<br />
<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对一对画稿上的人物动作。” <br />
<br />
The painter seriously considered for a moment: “Oh, I need you here. Please imitate and check the action of the characters on the sketch for our reference.” <br />
<br />
“好吧。”妻子应允了。 <br />
<br />
"All right." The wife agreed.<br />
<br />
兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容…… <br />
<br />
Lanying made various body movements on the painter’s instructions. Fortunately, she was an active member of the literary and artistic activities twenty years ago with a little dance skills, natural movements, and an ideal slender body. It consumed a lot of time, and the painter looked left and right, directing Lanying's posture while examining the characters on the sketch. For Lanying, who was ill, it was an excessive burden. But she maintained a dignified posture with great endurance, and a serene smile appeared on her pale and tired face...<br />
<br />
几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为一个外科医生,如果给自己开一张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的一桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カ一搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏在心底很久很久了。 <br />
<br />
A few days later, Lanying boarded the northbound train and left Beijing. Her husband went to the station to see her off. Until the moment before her departure, the wife did not tell her husband about her illness. Lanying repeatedly considered the gains and losses. As a surgeon, she would not have hesitated to write “hospitalize immediately and surgically remove" if she had given herself a treatment order. The key to the treating a relentless tumor, whether it was benign or malignant, was to treat it in time.But she thought of her husband, and a wonderful career beyond him. Once she was hospitalized for a major surgery, her husband would not hesitate to accompany her and serve her, because she had no other close relatives in this world. In that way, the painter's work would stop, or at least be influence. Her husband was struggling on the difficult road of art and could not be delayed. Lanying had to give up her treatment, even if it meant the hope of life, in exchange for the extension of the artistic life. This idea, from the day she fell in love with the painter, had been buried in her heart for a long, long time.<br />
<br />
一声长笛,列车开走了,载着一颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾霭中...... <br />
<br />
With a whistle, the train drove away, carrying the heart of an ordinary but great woman, and disappearing in the fog...<br />
<br />
袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,一株热带丛林特有的鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像是在为自己的青春而骄傲…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng and his collaborators worked hard and four months passed. The painting work was coming to an end. Turning a corner of the wall, a view of Xishuangbanna at dusk appeared. In the light blue glow, there was a Passionfora edulis unique to the tropical jungle. Its luxuriant branches and leaves were like a cluster of hydrangea, forming a beautiful screen. Dai girls Girls who took a bath at night, holding a clay pot, poured clear spring water on their body. They wore their long and undulating hair down to the ground, which seemed like the ripples of water flowing from high mountains. After the bath, the girls were combing their long hair with a tender smile on their face, as if they were proud of their youth...<br />
<br />
环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。 <br />
<br />
Surrounding the girl's bodies were a few flowing lines, which were the outline of the clothes that was sketched out in the draft. The painter was still uncertain how to handle them. In the process of painting, the onlookers who came and went through the lobby paid special attention to the girls taking baths at night on the wall, wanting to see whether they would be clothed or not.<br />
<br />
洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。“我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的一种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况他画的是神话传说而不是习俗…… <br />
<br />
It is a common knowledge in life that taking a bath (rather than splashing water) needs to take off clothes. In life, Dai women were more innocent. During the days in Xishuangbanna, the painter bathed many times with Dai men and women at the well and in the Lancang River. They were natural and graceful, treating nudity as a as a creation of nature, so they did not feel it was very mysterious. “I admit that I have more conservative thinking.” Yuan Yunsheng said sincerely, “Because of this, I am more respectful of them.” In the history of painting, the language of nudity was an artistic language with rich expressiveness. Represented by Venus in ancient Greece, it developed into an independent aesthetic category. Similarly, using the language of nudity to express the author's worship of women and the praise for life became necessary for this particular scene in the mural. Not to mention that he painted myths and legends rather than customs...<br />
<br />
看来,画家打错了主意? <br />
<br />
It seems that the painter got the wrong idea?<br />
<br />
在一些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和犯罪搅成一池浑水。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of some people, the style of nude was a “evil custom of barbarians” in the west! The richer the material life of the west was, the poorer the spiritual civilization was to the extent that the body was not covered by clothes. On the contrary, the great revolution of spiritual culture and the great retrogression of material production occurred at the same period in our country. In the past ten years, people’s vision had been highly purified. Chinese women did not even want to wear skirts, cheongsams, or tight-fitting shirts, and wrapped themselves up tightly so as not to show their changeable lines. By doing so, they would not stain the eyes of others and desecrate their bodies. However, treating aesthetics as the result of getting rid of evil concepts did not improve the morality of the society, but brought spiritual impoverishment and degradation. As a result, just like the pure springs turned into muddy currents, art and crime were mixed into a pool of muddy water.<br />
<br />
盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。 <br />
<br />
In the height of summer, when the scene of “bathing at night" stood out, although the images of these young girls were decorative, symbolic and simple, it still caused a stir.<br />
<br />
这并不显眼的一角却引来一批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
<br />
This inconspicuous corner attracted numerous viewers, including curious people, anxious people, passers-by and spectators. People were talking about it in different tones, surprised, harsh or vulgar...<br />
<br />
这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不韪了。如要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的一场争论。 <br />
<br />
It was the first time in years that a nude appeared on modern Chinese murals. The author did a wrong thing that was considered as a big one at the time. If he wanted to solve dispute, it was easy, lifting the brush, smearing a few strokes, and dressing the figures in blouses and skirts, which cost nothing. Then he and his whole family would be blessed and away from misfortune. But he was reluctant to do that. He thought of a controversy in history over the issue of nude art.<br />
<br />
六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的一班轻薄少年、无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军阀败北。 <br />
<br />
Sixty years ago, a group of courageous painters in Shanghai were reviled for using nudity in their teachings and creations. At that time, the newspapers published many critical articles, saying that the painter “offended public decency”, “wanted to make the women of the world into a shameless position" and “broke down the boundaries between Chinese men and women”... And at that time, a group of libertines and loafers in Shanghai took nude photos for sale, which provided handles to trolls. Until the warlord Sun Chuanfang was angered, the painter was wanted by telegram. The painter concentrated all his efforts on rising to the challenge without fear, and wrote articles saying that “Scoundrels made nude photos and obscene picture of prostitutes to attract others for profit, I am very sad... Why Private Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts is blamed? Why I am blamed?” "I advocated that ambition of art shouldn’t be takev away... Although I have to defy all difficulties and dangers, I will never refuse.” The struggle ended in victory for the painter and defeat for the warlord.<br />
<br />
历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的一桩旧案犹未了结。 <br />
<br />
History had gone by more than half a century. Times were different, but an old case in the art world was not settled yet.<br />
<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思想解放!” <br />
<br />
"What we encountered is no longer a body issue.” Yuan Yunsheng said to his companions, “It is related to the ideological liberation of the art world!"<br />
<br />
他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。 <br />
<br />
They insisted on making no changes. This detail in the murals was used as a stone of exploring and was thrown on the path of artistic spring presented in front of them after the smashing of the "Gang of Four".<br />
<br />
舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事…… <br />
<br />
After all, the pressure of public opinion was too great. In order to provide a peaceful environment for the painter to paint, the airport and the construction company were kind to cover up the doors and windows of the lobby while the painting work was still incomplete. Thus, the modernized doors were covered with thick kraft papers produced in the traditional way in China, and the murals painted in imported acrylic paints were hidden in a dull yellow glow of classical colors. The painter was at peace for the moment and went on with their unfinished work...<br />
<br />
不是结尾 <br />
<br />
Not the End<br />
<br />
10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动…… <br />
<br />
One day in late October, the autumn wind swirled yellow sand, sweeping above the streets of Beijing. Yuan Yunsheng walked down the street quickly, facing the wind, and his long and thick black hair fluttering in the wind...<br />
<br />
首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。 <br />
<br />
The painting work of murals at the Capital Airport had been completed. The artists and art workers, led by Zhang Ding, achieved great success. The papers and TV stations published and broadcasted murals with distinctive characteristics and modern style: ''Nezha Conquers the Dragon King'', ''Song of the Forest'', ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan'', ''The Spring of Science'' and ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life''... It was like a hot whirlwind in the art world and society, provoking intense reactions. Before the Fourth Congress of Chinese Writers and Artists, a group of celebrities from the circles of literature and art, theory, architecture, foreign trade and press and publication came to the Capital Airport to attend the unveiling ceremony and congratulate the artists.<br />
<br />
国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人一进入中国就有一个强烈的印象,这种艺术是一个国家国力的象征。” <br />
<br />
They acquired great recognition from foreigners. Foreign friends stood in the lobby of the terminal building, looking around the four walls with appreciative eyes and saying, "Beijing Airport will be famous all over the world for its murals.” ”It gives people a strong impression upon entering China that this art is a symbol of a country's national power."<br />
<br />
日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……” <br />
<br />
Hirayama Ikuo, a famous Japanese painter, also came to visit. He said that Chinese culture had two peaks in history: the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, and he believed that the third peak was coming. He said to Yuan Yunsheng with a smile, "After seeing your murals, I think Xishuangbanna is very beautiful. I really want to change the plan of this trip and go there..."<br />
<br />
这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰一样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔…… <br />
<br />
These days, Yunsheng was very busy. Meeting with foreign guests, accepting interviews and giving speeches on stage filled up his daily schedule. The lonely days were gone, followed by honors, applauses, and toasts, like stepping from the rugged mountain road to the peak full of flowers... He walked on the street, the wind and sand rushing toward him, and his lapel swaying in the wind. At this moment, contrary to the joy brought by the brilliant success, his face was strangely sad and sorrowful, frozen like ice, cold as a rock. It seemed to have infinite remorse in his indifference...<br />
<br />
呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化? <br />
<br />
Oh, what were you doing for? Were you still not satisfied? Or were you still worried about the change of political wind?<br />
<br />
不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着一个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作是坚定正确的表现。 <br />
<br />
No. He was not worried about that. He was confident. For more than twenty years, he had been tenacious exploring towards a set goal with the sincerity of art. He had never been discouraged in the face of any setbacks. He loved the art of the country, and was classified as a "rightist" because he disagreed with Soviet painting theory. But now people who took the same position were seen as having a solid and right performance.<br />
<br />
他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。 <br />
<br />
He loved the watery towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and took a hit for painting the beautiful scenes of the rural market. But now markets all over the country were more prosperous than they were then. Oh life, many things would be changed after thirty years! He no longer believed in temporary and hasty conclusions. His personality and the personality of his art had been strengthened by adversity, becoming independent of the conclusions.<br />
<br />
那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧? <br />
<br />
So, why were you sad? Why were you depressed?<br />
<br />
只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无望,只等待手术的判决…… <br />
<br />
Just because his wife, bosom friend, backer of his career and partner in distress, was lying sickly in the hospital. It was not until a few days earlier that he learned of the illness that Lanying had hidden from him. After four months of suffering from the disease, Lanying's health collapsed! When she left Changchun, her sick body wasted away, with weak spirit and pale and yellow face. Her female companions, who saw her off, could not see any color on her face, took it as their last farewell, breaking down in tears. At this moment, she lay quietly in a hospital in Beijing, and she seemed tired. Once the burden was lifted from her shoulders, she didn’t have words, complaints and hope, only waiting for the verdict of surgery...<br />
<br />
一个人站立起来了,另一个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南去的列车上一见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下一笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。 <br />
<br />
One people stood up, another fell down, and she fell down for him. Since they met on the southbound train, she made too many voluntary sacrifices. If the wife really could never stand up again, then what was the meaning of her husband's success today for her? She was a doctor, a good wife and mother, and a person dedicated to art. Her contributions could never be rewarded, and she could not leave a mark on any art classic, but only painful memories engraved in her husband's heart.<br />
<br />
画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼眶里滚动。 <br />
<br />
The painter ran down the street to the hospital, a storm stirring up in his heart. His eyes were wet, white tears rolling in his eyes.<br />
<br />
他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:一种是诚实的艺术家;另一种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。 <br />
<br />
He thought of the two kinds of people who were closest to art in the wide world. One was the honest artist; the other was the person who did not know art but was pure and simple, such as his lovely wife.<br />
<br />
他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少一些吗?<br />
<br />
They didn’t have other intention, just for art. To recognize their hard work was the minimum to tolerate the existence of art. But they suffered too much beyond art. Couldn’t they suffer less?<br />
<br />
他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。 <br />
<br />
He walked on the street in Beijing, his tearful eyes shining with anticipation.<br />
<br />
后记: <br />
<br />
Postscript:<br />
<br />
本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又过了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世事变迁未可尽述。 <br />
<br />
After this article was published, the heroine recovered after treatment. A few years later, the hero went to the U.S. alone. And many things had changed and it was impossible to mention them all.<br />
<br />
——作者 <br />
<br />
--Author<br />
<br />
（原载《十月》1980年6月） <br />
<br />
(Originally published in ''October'', June 1980)<br />
<br />
==卷一：10.热血男儿Hot-blooded Man==<br />
热血男儿 Hot-blooded Man<br />
<br />
李士非 Li Shifei<br />
<br />
满腔的热血已经沸腾。 <br />
<br />
The hot blood all over the body has been boiling.<br />
<br />
——《国际歌》 <br />
<br />
--''The Internationale'' (Chinese Version)<br />
<br />
一、能见到袁庚吗？ <br />
<br />
I. Can I See Yuan Geng?<br />
<br />
在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天，蛇口工业区和它的领导人袁庚，名扬国内外，越来越引人注目。 <br />
<br />
When the wave of reform is surging today, Shekou Industrial Zone and its leader, Yuan Geng, are becoming more and more famous at home and abroad.<br />
<br />
但是，我接受写袁庚的任务，未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他，手头也没有积累多少关于他的资料，而且听说采访他很困难：他是香港招商局常务副董事长（人们因此亲切地称他为袁董），大部分时间在香港，每到蛇口，都忙得不可开交，实在抽不出时间接受采访。 <br />
<br />
However, it was a bit risky for me to accept the task of writing about Yuan Geng. I had never met him and had not accumulated much information about him, and I heard that it was difficult to interview him: He was the executive vice chairman of China Merchants Hong Kong (so people affectionately called him Chairman Yuan). He spent most of the time in Hong Kong. Every time he came to Shekou, he was too busy and didn’t have time for interviews.<br />
<br />
但是，过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观，听过介绍，看过录像，袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣，接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口来，这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。 <br />
<br />
But after the past several times accompanying writers from other provinces to visit Shekou, listening to the introduction, and watching the video, Yuan Geng and Shekou aroused my strong interest. If I accepted the writing task, I could come to Shekou. The temptation was irresistible.<br />
<br />
”能见到袁庚吗？”“即使见不到袁庚也要写！”所谓“冒险”，无非是写不出或写不好，个人面子不好看罢了，比起袁庚和他的朋友们从事改革所冒的风险，简直是微不足道的。 <br />
<br />
"Can I meet Yuan Geng?" "Even if I can't see Yuan Geng, I’ll still write!" The so-called "risk" simply means that I couldn’t write or couldn’t write well, which would make me look bad. But compared to the risk taken by Yuan Geng and his friends in reform, it was simply insignificant.<br />
<br />
仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气，到这里待一些日子也是值得的。 <br />
<br />
It was worth staying here for a few days just to breathe the air of reform in Shekou.<br />
<br />
“如果你只能待很短的时间，我劝你趁早打退堂鼓，不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意，开弓没有回头箭，退堂鼓是不好打的。 <br />
<br />
"If you can only stay for a short time, I’d advise you to pull back sooner rather than later and don’t make the mistake of a screenwriter again." A kind friend advised me in this way. I appreciated his kindness. But there was no turning back of an arrow once it was shot. It was not easy to pull back.<br />
<br />
二、夜访梁宪 <br />
<br />
Ⅱ. Pay a Call on Liang Xian at Night<br />
<br />
在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口，袁庚出国去了，说是7月底或8月初才能回来。最了解他的一个人，东江纵队时期就和他一起工作，现任蛇口工业区顾问的许智明，到澳大利亚探亲去了，归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同，“时间就是金钱，效率就是生命”，白天工作紧张，找人谈话很难，晚上访问也要事先约定，因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰上袁庚的儿子袁中印，《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意，他马上说：“有什么好写的？这么多人写过了，要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受了乃父的影响，不大欢迎采访。”慢慢来吧，我一定要找你的。”我心里说。 <br />
<br />
It was not easy to interview in Shekou. When I arrived in Shekou in mid-July, Yuan Geng went abroad. I learned that he would be back by the end of July or early August. One of the people who knew him best, Xu Zhiming, who worked with him in the East River Column and was now the counselor of Shekou Industrial Zone, went to Australia to visit his family and his return date was still uncertain. The pace of work here was very different from that of the mainland, where "time is money and efficiency is life." There were many works by day, so it was difficult to find people to have a talk with. Visiting at night also had to be arranged in advance because many formal and informal meetings were held at night. One day I met Yuan Geng's son Yuan Zhongyin in the elevator of the office building. A reporter of ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'', Comrade Chen Yihao introduced my intention of coming here to him, he immediately said, "What is there to write? So many people have written about it. If you want to publish a book, you can collect them." I thought that he was influenced by his father, not very welcome interviews. “Take it a step at a time. I must find you." I said in my heart.<br />
<br />
多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙，约定了一天晚上9点钟去访问工业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人，穿过海滨花园，沐着海风，经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边，漫步走向梁宪的住处。早已听说，他1962年毕业于中山大学外语系，是梁宗岱教授的高足，对法国文学很有研究。果然，一见之下，我就感到他是一个充满艺术气质的人。 <br />
<br />
Thanks to the help of Comrade Huang Hongjian, a female writer and screenwriter of the Pearl River Film Studio who was the deputy director of the office here, we made an arrangement to visit Liang Xian, a member of the management committee of the Industrial Zone, at 9 o'clock one night. Huang Hongjian, Chen Yihao, and I walked through the seaside garden with the sea breeze, passed by Minghua ship of "Sea World” with brilliant light, and strolled towards Liang Xian's residence. I had already heard that he graduated from the Department of Foreign Languages of Sun Yat-sen University in 1962, who was a student of Professor Liang Zongdai and knew a lot about French literature. Sure enough, I felt that he was a man full of artistic temperament at first sight.<br />
<br />
他掏出港币，买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客，然后和我们谈笑风生。 <br />
<br />
He pulled out Hong Kong dollars and bought a few cans of iced Coca-Cola to entertain us, and then talked and laughed with us.<br />
<br />
“你们是文人，我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人，她在中央戏剧学院教书。我对她说：你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的，但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。中国像你们这样的文人太多，像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一句英语，“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙，黄虹坚一时也没反应过来，陈宜浩翻译说：”他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑起来。 <br />
<br />
"You are men of letters, and I’m a businessman. I gave up writing and engaged in business. My wife is also a man of letters, who teaches at the Central Academy of Drama. I said to her: Tang and Song poetry you talk about are very beautiful, but they can't solve the problem of the people's hunger. There are too many literati like you in China, and too few businessmen like me." He suddenly spoke an English sentence to Huang Hongjian, "I will change you into a business woman." I was baffled, and Huang Hongjian didn't understand at the moment, and Chen Yihao translated, "He said he would change you into a business woman.” We all laughed happily.<br />
<br />
梁宪大学毕业的时候，老百姓正在饿肚子，大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法国文学的尖子，后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作，比袁庚晚半年多一点。袁庚很器重他，有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。 <br />
<br />
When Liang Xian graduated from university, people were starving, and probably no unit needed a top student who studied French literature. Then he went to the Ministry of Communications. He was sent to work for the China Merchants Hong Kong in July 1979, more than half a year later than Yuan Geng. Yuan Geng thought highly of him, and some people said that he was Yuan Geng's "think-tank man".<br />
<br />
“我去香港的时候，老婆说：最怕你没骨气，没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是有的，外派干部只要有一点热血，就不是追求几大件，而是感到抬不起头来！ <br />
<br />
"When I went to Hong Kong, my wife said: What I fear the most is that you don’t have the backbone. If you don’t have it, let’s get divorced sooner rather than later. Of course I have it. As long as dispatched cadres have a little passion, they would not pursue some popular household items, but feel embarrassed to keep the head up!”<br />
<br />
“刚到香港，每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐，一串串的，海上漂着偷渡者的尸体，我们不能忍受，啪一声把电视关了。 <br />
<br />
“When I just arrived in Hong Kong, I watched TV every day to see young stowaways in chains of handcuffs, and dead bodies of stowaways floating in the sea. We could not bear it and snapped the TV off.”<br />
<br />
“我们国内建设搞不好，连一些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们，心里真难受呀。所以，我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过：‘我之所以这么干，是为了实现我入党时的初衷。’” <br />
<br />
“When we didn’t do well in nation-building, even some children of dispatched cadres who grew up in Hong Kong also looked down on us. It hurted a lot. So I understand Yuan Geng's mood for engaging in reform. He said, 'I did it because I wanted to realize the original intention when I joined the CPC.'"<br />
<br />
一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿，梁宪又概括地说： <br />
<br />
His words made my heart heavy. After a pause, Liang Xian said in a nutshell:<br />
<br />
“我熟悉的人当中，有两个热血男儿，一个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛，一个就是袁庚！” <br />
<br />
“There are two hot-blooded men in people who I am familiar with. One is my wife’s godfather Liu Rentao, and the other is Yuan Geng!"<br />
<br />
好一个“热血男儿”！这个词太恰当了，把这两个人相提并论太好了，我不禁怦然心动，觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。 <br />
<br />
What a "hot-blooded man"! This word was so appropriate. Comparing these two people was too good. I couldn’t help but feel excited that I thought I found the best way to Yuan Geng's inner world.<br />
<br />
也真巧，比我年长20岁的刘任涛，是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第一流的眼科专家，共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长，曾为刘伯承元帅安过义眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》，改行当了电影编剧，“文化大革命”中在珠影被诬为“历史反革命”，打断五根肋骨，投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动期间，他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明，不顾自己的政治处境，不顾没有任何医疗条件，决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他：“万一失败，你就是阶级报复，就会重进监狱。”他不听，他终于成功了。”作为医生，我拯救了我的灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀，立下遗嘱：死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
<br />
And coincidentally, Liu Rentao, who is 20 years older than me, is my admired elder and friend. This first-rate eye specialist in China was the director of the Shanghai Labor Hospital in the early days of the People’s Republic of China, and once installed a prosthetic eye for Marshal Liu Bocheng. Later, he became a movie scriptwriter after he wrote a movie script Dove of Peace. During the "Cultural Revolution", he was considered as a “pre-liberation counter-revolutionary" in the Pearl River Film Studio. His five ribs were broken and he was put into prison. When he labored under supervision at the "May 7 Cadre School" in Yingde, he saw a rural woman who was blind due to cataracts, and in spite of his political situation and the lack of any medical conditions, he decided to operate on the patient with a razor blade. A kind people advised him, “If you fail, it will be the class revenge and you’ll go back to prison." He didn't listen to it, and he finally succeeded." As a doctor, I saved my soul." Now he was over 70 years old, and he made a will: After his death, he would dedicate his eyes to the Eye Bank of Sun Yat-sen Medical College. Then he ran around and appealed for the restoration and establishment of schools for blind children...<br />
<br />
刘任涛和袁庚，经历和事业完全不同，但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身精神，是多么相似呵！我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚，觉得对袁庚也开始熟悉了。<br />
<br />
Liu Rentao and Yuan Geng had completely different experiences and careers, but they were patriotic and full of passion with the spirit of dedication. How similar they were! I imagined unfamiliar Yuan Geng from familiar Liu Rentao, thinking that I began to get familiar with Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
三、“冒险家” <br />
<br />
Ⅲ. “Adventurer"<br />
<br />
刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障，要冒风险。袁庚在蛇口进行改革，要冒更大的风险：两年之前，不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影地攻击经济特区嘛！ <br />
<br />
Liu Rentao, as a target of dictatorship, it was risky to use a razor blade to cut cataracts for a poor rural woman. Yuan Geng had to take an even greater risk when he carried out a reform in Shekou: Two years ago, someone wrote an article in the newspaper to assail the Special Economic Zone by insinuation!<br />
<br />
但是，时代毕竟不同了，今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月9日，胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区，袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆，和总书记有一段精彩的对话。 <br />
<br />
But times were different after all. Today's reform was carried out under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee. On February 9, 1983, General Secretary Hu Yaobang visited Shekou Industrial Zone. Yuan Geng opened his mind to the General Secretary, having a good conversation with him.<br />
<br />
袁庚：关于改革问题，现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看，凡是搞改革的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法，最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪，改良主义，结果六君子被杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革，我想不会落得前人这样的下场，我们是在党的领导下进行的，不会有问题吧，我们值得冒这个险！ <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: For the issue of reform, we need to carry out comprehensive reform now. Historically, all those who engaged in reforms came to a bad end. Two thousand years ago, Shang Yang carried out reform and was finally put to death. Wang Anshi’s Reform did not end well either. Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao just advocated constitutional monarchy and practiced reformism, but they were all decapitated. Sun Yat-sen’s reform also failed. Now, I think our reform will not end up like the predecessors. We are under the leadership of the Party. There will be no problem, so we are worth the risk!<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：过去的改革是下层少数人去改，领导者、统治者是压制的。现在不同，我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改，现在和过去根本不同嘛！ <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: In the past, the reform was carried out by a few people at the lower level, while the leaders and rulers were repressive. Now is different. Our leaders are taking the lead to call and urge the subordinates to reform. The present is fundamentally different from the past!<br />
<br />
袁庚：我们感到，我们的干部是不大怕群众的，只怕顶头上司，怕上司不喜欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说，我每次来蛇口，一上码头，前呼后拥的，下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒，就会忘乎所以，久而久之，就不怕群众，不怕下级，因为群众、下级撤不了我的职，我只怕交通部，怕顶头上司，只有他们才能撤我的职。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: We feel that our cadres are not afraid of the masses, but only afraid of their superiors, afraid that their superiors do not like them and then they can’t be leaders. As a small leader, every time I came to Shekou, I walked on the pier with many subordinates crowding around, who feared that they didn’t attend me well. Sometimes I was not sober, I would get carried away, and over time, I am not afraid of the masses, and not afraid of subordinates, because the masses and subordinates can’t dismiss me from my post. I am only afraid of the Ministry of Communications, afraid of my immediate superior. Only they can dismiss me from my post.<br />
<br />
所以，群众监督干部，群众有权选举和罢免干部，这至关重要。我们这里想搞个改革试点，管委会由群众选举产生，每年投一次信任票，如果不信任票超过半数，管委会就得改选，个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公开的、直接的，由群众投票选举的领导班子，就会想群众之所想，急群众之所急，就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手，就有人自动送礼上门，如果头脑不清醒，不能自律，就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装懂，诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部，我相信可以改变一下干部的结构和干部的作风。我们想做这样一个不太小的改革，准备冒一点风险。 <br />
<br />
Therefore, it is crucial that the masses supervise cadres and have the right to elect and dismiss them. We want to carry out a pilot reform here. The management committee is elected by the masses, and a vote of confidence is held once a year. If more than half of the people cast votes of no confidence, the management committee will have to be re-elected. If a member got more than half of the votes of no confidence, he will have to step down. This open and direct leading group, elected following a ballot by the masses, will think what the masses think, worry what the masses worry, and will actually do something good for the masses. Because once some leaders have the power in hand, someone will automatically send gifts to them. If their minds are not sober, they can not be self-disciplined, and will get carried away. There are also some cadres who pretend to understand what they don’t know. If the masses have the right to elect and supervise cadres, I believe we can change the structure of cadres and the work style of cadres. We want to make such a not-so-small reform and are prepared to take some risks.<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：（点头）好！很好！ <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: (nodding) Good! Very good!<br />
<br />
袁庚：总书记说了好，我们就记录在案，马上打报告这样做。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: Since General Secretary said good, we will record it, and immediately report and carry out it.<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿，在哪一出戏里我忘记了，讽刺官僚主义者，他不敢骂台上的官，只敢骂戏台上堂前的鼓。有一段唱词说：”一棵大树腹中空，两头都是皮儿绷，每天上堂敲三下，卟咚卟咚又卟咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛！（全场大笑） <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: (happily standing up) We have a famous dramatist named Guan Hanqing in history. In which play I forget, satirizing bureaucrats, he did not dare to curse the leaders on the stage, only dare to curse the drums in the hall on the stage. There is a line in the librettos of the drama that says: "A big tree is hollow in the belly, whose both ends have tight leather. Every day knocked it three times in the hall. Pu dong, pu dong and pu dong (the sound of a drum beating)." That is “not understanding” (the pronunciation of it in Chinese is similar to “pu dong”)! (all of them laughing)<br />
<br />
党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印，想到一块去了，这在蛇口的发展史上，是应当大书特书的。 <br />
<br />
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPC and the Secretary of the Party Committee of Shekou Industrial Zone shared the same thought. It deserved to be written about in the history of Shekou's development.<br />
<br />
1983年4月24日，选举产生了蛇口工业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22日，按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票？ <br />
<br />
On April 24, 1983, a new management committee of Shekou Industrial Zone was elected. On April 22, 1984, a vote of confidence in the management committee was held as scheduled. Was it necessary to hold a vote of confidence?<br />
<br />
组干处处长虞德海说：“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的，信任票不足半数就得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决，一定要搞信任投票。”投票结果，管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数，袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上，全部投票公开，任人查阅，尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐，如“某某能力低”“某某不堪信任”之类，也不加掩饰。 <br />
<br />
Yu Dehai, the director of the Division of Organizing Cadres, said, "Even I was a little hesitant. Because the result of a vote of confidence is to be fulfilled. If a member got less than half of the votes of confidence, he will have to step down. I thought we might as well carry out public opinion polls. But Yuan Dong was very determined to hold a vote of confidence." The result was that the members of the management committee all got more than half of the votes of confidence, and Yuan Geng got the most. That night, all the votes were open for inspection. Although some of the criticism was very sharp, such as "so-and-so has the low ability”, "so-and-so is untrustworthy" and so on, they didn’t hide their real thoughts.<br />
<br />
这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。 <br />
<br />
This was the most important reform of all in the Shekou Industrial Zone.<br />
<br />
四、“那里不肯放，就辞职！” <br />
<br />
Ⅳ. "If They Refuse to Let You Go, You Quit!"<br />
<br />
选举产生领导班子，定期举行信任投票，这是袁庚深思熟虑的一项决定。 <br />
<br />
The leading group was elected and a vote of confidence was regularly held. It was decided after Yuan Geng’s careful consideration.<br />
<br />
他深深感到，不改革干部制度，不改变干部结构，任何改革都无从谈起，“四化”也只是一句空话。 <br />
<br />
He deeply felt that without reforming the cadre system and changing the structure of cadre, no reform could be done, and the "Four Modernizations" was just a hollow phrase.<br />
<br />
有的领导干部，居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人：“你们大学建多大的桥？”问来访的美国客人：“英国人讲英语，你们美国人讲什么语？”还有人向中央领导同志汇报他到香港考察的收获：“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯！”如此等等，令人啼笑皆非。这样的干部，怎能担当建设”四化”的重任！ <br />
<br />
Some leading cadres even asked the visitors from the University of Cambridge in England: “What size of the bridge does your university build?" and asked the visitors from America: "British speak English, and what language do you Americans speak?" Someone reported to the leading comrades of the Central Committee what he had learned from his visit to Hong Kong, “There is a sea change in my mind!" And so on. It was ridiculous. How could such cadres take on the heavy responsibility of building the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地），指挥部只有二十多个干部的时候，袁庚就开始考虑如何培育一支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命化的干部队伍。1981年，他排除阻カ，毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班，从全国各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说，“我是个冒险家，为了蛇口的改革，我从全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。 <br />
<br />
When Shekou was still in the process of “five accesses and one leveling” (access to water, electricity, road, and natural gas, ventilation, and leveling the ground), and there were only twenty cadres in the headquarters, Yuan Geng began to consider how to cultivate a young, knowledgeable, professional and revolutionary cadres troop. In 1981, he removed the obstruction and decided to organize a training course for business management cadres, recruiting graduates who majored in science and engineering from all over the country. In his words, "I am an adventurer, and for the reform in Shekou, I gathered a group of small adventurers from all over the country".<br />
<br />
当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员，委托交通部下属的交通科学院情报所代为主持，在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。 <br />
<br />
At that time, Shekou Industrial Zone did not have the ability to send its own admissions officers, so it entrusted the Institute of Information of the Academy of Transportation Science under the Ministry of Communications to be in charge of the first exam in Wuhan. The first person to enter the examination room was Wang Chaoliang, an engineer of the Ship’s Hull Laboratory of the Yangtze River Shipping Scientific Research Institute under the Ministry of Communications.<br />
<br />
王潮梁1938年出生于江苏无锡，1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计专业。早在1958年，他就参考外国的资料，在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫原理，并和同学们一道造出了样品，在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是，在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年代，几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机工厂飞机设计室任产品主管设计员，那时生产要听驻厂军代表的，而军代表只相信苏联专家和苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料，翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂，即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂，也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚子气，却毫无办法。岁月如流，王潮梁搞了17年飞机设计，却看到我们的飞机工业比印度还落后；又研制了四年的飞翔船，却看不到一艘飞翔船下水，那种壮志难酬的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会，唯一的名额给了业务上根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培训班招生的广告时，他兴奋极了，“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方，去！”立刻把广告剪下来，郑重地贴在本子上。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province in 1938, and graduated from the Department of Aircraft of Northwestern Polytechnic University with the major of aircraft design in 1960. As long ago as 1958, he was the first person in China to study the principle of air cushion of hydrofoils by referring to foreign materials, and built a sample together with his classmates, which was performed on the Weiming Lake of Peking University. At that time, the British were only half a year ahead of them in their research on hydrofoils. However, in this age when "steel-making" was more valued than scientific research, the research of these few young boys was doomed to failure. After graduation, he was assigned to the aircraft design office of an aircraft factory as a design supervisor. At that time, production had to follow the resident military representatives in the factory, who only trusted Soviet experts and Soviet drawings. For example, it was required to use Ural wood for a certain propeller, and Ukrainian sand for molding. Even if China had better wood and better sand, it was not allowed to change. Wang Chaoliang, who was the new kid on the block, was very angry, but he could do nothing. As the years passed quickly, Wang Chaoliang engaged in aircraft design for 17 years, but saw that our aircraft industry even lagged behind that of India; and he developed a hydrofoil for four years, but could not see a hydrofoil launched. The pain of being difficult to fulfill his aspirations tormented his ambitions. There was an opportunity for a study tour to the Federal Republic of Germany, and the only place was given to the daughter of a minister who was nothing compared to him in the business. When he saw a recruitment advertisement for a training course for business management cadres in Shekou Industrial Zone in the newspaper, he was excited, "Shekou is a place where you have to build a career by your own ability. Go!" He immediately cut out the advertisement and stuck it solemnly on the notebook.<br />
<br />
他第一个走进考场，第一个走出考场。笔试、面试，成绩优良。主持考试的情报所林鸿慈同志下了结论：这是个人才，录取！ <br />
<br />
He was the first to enter and the first to leave the examination room. He got good grades on written examination and oral examination. Comrade Lin Hongci of the Institute of Information, who was in charge of the examination, concluded: This is a talent. Accept!<br />
<br />
但是，在中国有一个很大的矛盾：生产资料是全民所有制，干部却是单位私有制。一个单位可以把一个或一批人才冷藏一辈子。 <br />
<br />
However, there was a big contradiction in China: The means of production were owned by the whole people, but the cadres were privately owned by units. A talent or a group of talents could be shelved by a unit for life.<br />
<br />
长江航运科研所不肯放人。 <br />
<br />
The Yangtze River Shipping Scientific Research Institute refused to let him go.<br />
<br />
1981年11月，袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他，向他汇报了招生的情况，特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。 <br />
<br />
In November 1981, Yuan Geng was hospitalized in Guangzhou. Lin Hongci visited him in the Eastern District of Guangdong Provincial Hospital and reported to him about the enrollment situation, especially about the problem of Wang Chaoliang.<br />
<br />
袁庚很激动。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was very excited.<br />
<br />
“小王是不是党员？” <br />
<br />
"Is Wang a member of the CPC?"<br />
<br />
“不是。” <br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量，开个头，那里不肯放，就辞职！我这里收。最多就是人家去告状，最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先例。告到国务院，我们就把这个同志的情况报上去，中央领导会支持我们。新华社社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开‘干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人在单位不充分发挥作用，又不让调，这个局面不打开是不成的！” <br />
<br />
“It is less difficult to solve if he is not a member of the party. I don’t know if he has the guts to set a precedent. If they refuse to let you go, you quit! I’ll accept you. The most they can do is to complain to superior authorities, and finally to the State Council. I hope one or two comrades will set the precedent. If they complain to the State Council, we will report the situation of this comrade, and the leaders of the Central Committee will support us. Comrade Zeng Tao, the president of Xinhua News Agency, hoped that we could break the 'private ownership of cadres'. Now the problem of brain waste is too serious. People does not play a full role in the unit, and not allowed to transfer. This situation must be changed!"<br />
<br />
林鸿慈被袁庚打动了，写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁，同时通过各种渠道去做说服、疏通工作。终于，用不着王潮梁辞职，单位同意放人了。1982年，王潮梁来到蛇口工业区。 <br />
<br />
Lin Hongci was impressed by Yuan Geng, wrote a letter to tell Wang Chaoliang the content of this conversation, and persuaded Wang’s unit and reconciled the two sides through various channels. Finally, Wang Chaoliang didn’t need to resign, and the unit agreed to let him go. In 1982, Wang Chaoliang came to Shekou Industrial Zone.<br />
<br />
五、企业管理研究生 <br />
<br />
V. Graduate Student Majoring in Business Management<br />
<br />
1982年12月的一天晚上，一个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
<br />
One night in December 1982, a young man in his thirties arrived at Yuan Geng's home in Xiyuan, Beijing.<br />
<br />
这是一次事先约定的会见。 <br />
<br />
It was a pre-arranged meeting.<br />
<br />
年轻人叫余昌民，刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生，工作了八九年，深感中国企业管理的弊病太多，1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。 <br />
<br />
The young man named Yu Changmin, was one of the first group of graduate students in the Department of Business Management at Tsinghua University and just graduated. He was originally a graduate of the Department of Electrical Engineering at Tsinghua University, majoring in Automation. After working for about nine years, he felt that there were too many drawbacks in Chinese business management. In 1979, he returned to Tsinghua University to study for an MBA degree.<br />
<br />
1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年，专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息，《读卖新闻》为此发了专稿，登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了，干什么好呢？ <br />
<br />
In 1980, Yu Changmin went to Japan to study further for a year, specializing in Japanese business management. The Japanese took it as important information, and the ''Yomiuri Shimbun'' published a special article with his picture. Now that Yu Changmin had graduated, what job should he do?<br />
<br />
学校建议他到国家经委属下的中国企业研究协会去，这当然是个专业对口的美差，但是在武汉工作的爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候，蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。 <br />
<br />
The university suggested him to go to the Chinese Association for Enterprise Research under the Chinese National Economic Council, which was a good job in line with his specialty, but it was difficult for his lover who worked in Wuhan to transfer to Beijing. At this time, the wind of the reform in Shekou came to his ears.<br />
<br />
他每星期上街去买《深圳特区报》，得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝，如饥似渴地加以研究。不难判断，蛇口工业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去！决心下定了，系里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会，经朋友介绍，他就来登门拜访了。 <br />
<br />
He went out to buy the ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'' every week. When he got a copy of the earliest ''A Brief Introduction of Investment'', he regarded it as a treasure, and studied it hungrily. It was not difficult to judge that Shekou Industrial Zone was the ideal place to realize his aspirations. Go to Shekou! He made the decision and was supported by the department. Now Yuan Geng was in Beijing for a meeting, so he came to visit him by recommendation of a friend.<br />
<br />
会面的一瞬间，两个人互相观察了一下。 <br />
<br />
At the moment they met, the two men observed each other.<br />
<br />
“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗？穿件中式棉袄，和一般的老干部没啥差别，不是想象中的那个改革家的模样，而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真的值得？” <br />
<br />
"Is this the famous reformer Yuan Geng? Wearing a Chinese cotton jacket, he is no different from ordinary old cadres, not the reformer’s appearance I imagined. And I heard that he is poorly educated... Is it really worth it to work with him?"<br />
<br />
真正的一闪念，没容余昌民多想，袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
<br />
When this really sudden idea did not allow Yu Changmin to think more, Yuan Geng had already enthusiastically offered his seat and poured tea.<br />
<br />
谈话开门见山。 <br />
<br />
The conversation came straight to the point. <br />
<br />
“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里？” <br />
<br />
"What do you think is the fatal problem in China’s economy?"<br />
<br />
“在于体制。” <br />
<br />
"It lies in the system."<br />
<br />
“对了！”袁庚兴奋起来，侃侃而谈，”上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦，说他们要一千人，劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用，那七百是搭配的闲人，你再要，就再搭配，再多余，反正是大锅饭，大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了，还说这是社会主义的优越性！这样，工厂冗员越来越多，工厂成了小社会，在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的，形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ，败坏着我们的民族素质！这样的体制不改革，我们就没有出路！” <br />
<br />
"That's right!" Yuan Geng got excited, and spoke with fervor and assurance, "A director of a shipyard in Shanghai once complained to me, and said they wanted a thousand people, but they needed only three hundred people among the people the labor department allocated, and the other seven hundred people were ideal workers. If they asked for it again, they would be allocated again, then there were more redundant workers. They had to get equal pay anyway. They only needed to be paid in a muddle and said this was the superiority of socialism! In this way, there were more and more redundant workers in the factory. The factory became a small society, where the lazy workers exploited the hard-working workers, forming a terrible social habits force, which corrupted our national quality! If such a system is not reformed, we have no way out!"<br />
<br />
“我的一篇论文，提出了企业的素质问题。” <br />
<br />
"I have a paper that raises the issue of the quality of business."<br />
<br />
“有何高见？” <br />
<br />
"What’s your opinion?"<br />
<br />
“素质，好比基本作用，像女排，形成了她们的基本作风，就有战斗カ。” <br />
<br />
"Quality is like the basic role. For example, the women's volleyball team has formed their basic style, so they are effective.<br />
"<br />
“就把一个企业比作球队吧，假如你是教练，别人随便塞人给你，你怎么办？” <br />
<br />
"Let's compare an enterprise to a team. If you are the coach, what do you do when someone foists a player on you?"<br />
<br />
“我不要。” <br />
<br />
"I will not take it."<br />
<br />
“不要不行！” <br />
<br />
"No, you must take it!"<br />
<br />
“那我不干。” <br />
<br />
"I will disagree with it."<br />
<br />
“对了，就得这样。” <br />
<br />
"That's right. That's how it should be."<br />
<br />
一老一少，越谈越投机，彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处一闪而过的那点疑虑也完全打消了。 <br />
<br />
An old man and a young man, the more they talked, the happier they were, who both felt close to each other. The doubt that flashed through Yu Changmin’s deep heart was completely dispelled.<br />
<br />
“我们这里可要冒点风险。” <br />
<br />
"We have to take some risks here."<br />
<br />
“正因为这样オ要去，建设好了还去干什么？” <br />
<br />
"That's why I want to go there. If it has been built, why do I go there?"<br />
<br />
“你个人有什么要求？” <br />
<br />
"What are your personal requirements?"<br />
<br />
“只要求家属一起去。” <br />
<br />
"I only ask that my family can go with me."<br />
<br />
“这个我们来办。” <br />
<br />
"We will deal with that."<br />
<br />
两个月后，余昌民父亲去世，回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化，系里要留他。企业管理系刚刚建立，工作需要，理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚飞往蛇口，收不回来了。 <br />
<br />
Two months later, Yu Changmin's father died and he came home to the funeral. At this time the school's attitude changed and the department wanted to keep him. The Department of Business Administration had just been established and the work needed him. The reasons were good. But Yu Changmin's heart had already flown to Shekou with Yuan Geng and could not be retrieved.<br />
<br />
1983年3月，袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客，系里派余昌民随行。系领导的目的，是让校长对余昌民有个印象，说服他留下来，同时出面解决他家属的户ロ问题。 <br />
<br />
In March 1983, Yuan Geng invited Liu Da, the president of Tsinghua University, to Shekou, and the department sent Yu Changmin to accompany him. The purpose of the department leaders was to give the president an impression of Yu Changmin, persuade him to stay, and solve his family member’s problem of household registration.<br />
<br />
谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口，袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有，余昌民暗示要做刘达的工作。 <br />
<br />
But it backfired. Once Liu Da and his party arrived in Shekou, Yuan Geng asked Yu Changmin if the transfer had been finalized, and Yu Changmin hinted that he had to do something to persuade Liu Da.<br />
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余昌民再一次请求：”校长，让我来蛇口吧。” <br />
<br />
Yu Changmin asked him again, “President, let me come to Shekou."<br />
<br />
“系里要我帮忙留你，我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。 <br />
<br />
"The department asked me to help to keep you, and I promised it." President Liu looked confused.<br />
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袁庚一再要求支持：”刘达同志，把小余给我们吧，我们迫切需要企业管理的专门人才。” <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng repeatedly asked for support, "Comrade Liu Da, give us Yu. We urgently need a specialist in business management."<br />
<br />
刘达心动了。这位参加过“一二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
<br />
Liu Da was moved. The old comrade who participated in the “December 9th" Movement, was known for “covering up for intellectuals” as early as 1957 when he was the head of the Department of Forestry. He fully understood the need of Shekou and Yuan Geng and Yu Changmin's feelings. But he had to respect the department leaders and promised to solve the solution with the department when he went back.<br />
<br />
回去后，余昌民给系里写了报告，对系里的教育培养表示感谢，说明清华企业管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设，这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都至关重要。 <br />
<br />
When they went back, Yu Changmin wrote a report to the department, expressing his gratitude for the department's education and training, and explaining that the Department of Business Administration at Tsinghua University needed to agree its own graduates to participate in the construction of Shekou, which was crucial for the school’s research and information sources in the future.<br />
<br />
问题迎刃而解。7月，夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。 <br />
<br />
The problem was solved. In July, the procedures of the couple’s transfers were both completed.<br />
<br />
当余昌民到工业区大楼报到的时候，在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口，边走边说：”你是研究企业管理的，你先熟悉一下情况，有把握了再谈工作……” <br />
<br />
When Yu Changmin reported to the Industrial Zone building, he met Yuan Geng outside the building door. Yuan Geng affectionately took his hand and walked from the door to the elevator, saying, “You study the business management. You can familiarize yourself with the situation at first, and then talk about work when you get familiar with it."<br />
<br />
袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信，其中有一段话： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng also wrote a letter of thanks to Liu Da, which included a paragraph:<br />
<br />
关于小余的事，同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失一小余，无妨大局，蛇口得之，如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下，工业区将受其惠。 <br />
<br />
On the matter about Yu, the comrades admire your selflessness so much. Losing Yu couldn’t affect the general situation for Tsinghua, but Sheko will be better after having him... Tsinghua has students all over the world, and the industrial zone will be benefited from it.<br />
<br />
重感情的刘达，把这封信送给了余昌民，让他留作永久的纪念。 <br />
<br />
Liu Da, who valued the relationship, gave this letter to Yu Changmin, letting him keep it as a permanent memorial.<br />
<br />
六、星期天的早晨 <br />
<br />
Ⅵ. Sunday Morning<br />
<br />
星期天早晨8点钟，顾立基刚起床，洗了脸，正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的，大家都熬了夜，现在让他们多睡一会儿吧。顾立基轻手轻脚，唯恐弄出一点声音来。 <br />
<br />
At 8 o'clock on Sunday morning, Gu Liji just got up, washed his face, and was cooking instant noodles. The other four students in the same room were still sleeping soundly. They could turn off the lights late on Saturday night, and everyone stayed up all night, so let them get more sleep now. Gu Liji was cautious, lest he made a little noise.<br />
<br />
“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗？” <br />
<br />
"Excuse me, does Comrade Gu Liji live here?"<br />
<br />
门外传来一个声音。顾立基一看，走廊上站着一个六十多岁的老人和一个姑娘。 <br />
<br />
A voice came from outside the door. Gu Liji saw an old man in his sixties and a girl standing in the corridor.<br />
<br />
“我就是顾立基，您是？” <br />
<br />
"I am Gu Liji, and may I know who you are?"<br />
<br />
“我是袁庚，蛇口的袁庚。”老人首先伸出手来，“这是我女儿尼亚，她不放心我的身体，一定要陪我来，其实我的身体还可以。你看，骑了半小时车子，轻松愉快。” <br />
<br />
"I'm Yuan Geng, Yuan Geng from Shekou." The old man first extended his hand, "This is my daughter Nia. She is worried about my health, and she must come with me. But I’m okay. You see, it’s easy and pleasant to ride the bike for half an hour.”<br />
<br />
顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 <br />
<br />
Gu Liji never dreamed that the famous Yuan Geng would come to the dormitory of Tsinghua University to see him.<br />
<br />
他深受感动。 <br />
<br />
He was deeply moved.<br />
<br />
“我们到楼下谈吧，同学们还在睡觉。” <br />
<br />
"Let's talk downstairs. The students are still sleeping."<br />
<br />
楼下有一张靠背长椅，三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨，不冷不热，阳光和煦，轻风拂面，校园一片宁静的气氛。 <br />
<br />
There was a bench downstairs, and the three of them sat down side by side. In the morning of May, it was not cold or hot, the sun was warm, with a refreshing breeze blowing, and the campus was in a peaceful atmosphere.<br />
<br />
“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会？” <br />
<br />
"I heard that you organized an association of enthusiasts of business management?"<br />
<br />
“是的，现在会员有一千多人了，成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。” <br />
<br />
"Yes. There are more than a thousand members now, and Liu Da and Yu Guangyuan both came to attend the founding meeting."<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长？” <br />
<br />
"I also heard that you want to be the factory director?"<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊，”顾立基笑了，“我是说过想当厂长，为此还惹过一些麻烦呢。” <br />
<br />
"You're well informed," Gu Liji laughed, "I did say that I wanted to be the factory director, and I got into some trouble for that."<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦？” <br />
<br />
"What kind of trouble?"<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。” <br />
<br />
"Someone said I was ambitious."<br />
<br />
“岂有此理！想当个厂长是什么野心！‘不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’，这是拿破仑说的还是谁说的？一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对！” <br />
<br />
"It is nonsense! What kind of ambition is it to want to be a factory director? 'A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier', was said by Napoleon or others? There's nothing wrong with a college student wanting to be a factory director!"<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的，但是我感到中国更需要管理人才，所以主动旁听了企业管理系研究生的全部课程。” <br />
<br />
"I majored in computer science, but I felt that China needed management talents more, so I actively sit in on all the courses that graduate students of the Department of Business Administration took as an observer".<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧，我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班，要培养大量的管理人才。” <br />
<br />
"Go to Shekou. We have a training course for business management cadres, and we have to train a large number of management talents."<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像，我的心就动了，只是还没下定决心。” <br />
<br />
"When I saw a video about Shekou last November, my heart moved, but I just hadn’t made up my mind yet."<br />
<br />
“现在呢？” <br />
<br />
"And now?"<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了，去蛇口。” <br />
<br />
"Now I've made up my mind to go to Shekou."<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗？” <br />
<br />
"Good! We welcome you! Do you have any difficulties?"<br />
<br />
有什么困难？1982年的初夏，社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的，有人在报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界，影射特区有变成租界的危险，造成一股无形的压力，因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些，可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的人在一起，冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去，下属工厂任他挑选，这些，对他有一定的吸引力。他自从1967年中学毕业，1968年进上海印染机械修配厂，十年中当过锅炉工、车工、錠工、钳工、电工，当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为，1974年顾立基和他们争吵过一次，挨了批斗，却受到工人们的同情，和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要毕业了，朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查，他是材料组的负责人，如果不来上大学，早就走上领导岗位了，现在回去，工作安排是不成问题的。但是，陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大，他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的是，母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房，姐妹们都在外地，母亲希望他留在身边，爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
What were the difficulties? In the early summer of 1982, there was still a lot of criticism in society about the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. Some people wrote articles in the newspapers about foreign settlements in old China, insinuating that the Special Economic Zone was in danger of becoming a foreign settlement, which created an invisible pressure, so some people said "the future of the Special Economic Zone is uncertain”. These could be disregarded. Gu Liji wanted to be with someone like Yuan Geng, and it was worth the risk. The company in Shanghai wanted him to go back, and the subordinate factories could be selected by him, which had a certain appeal to him. He graduated from high school in 1967, and joined the Shanghai Printing and Dyeing Machinery Repair Factory in 1968, and worked as a boilermaker, lathe worker, ladle man, bench worker, electrician, and full-time secretary of the Youth League general branch for ten years. Because he did not like the bad things done by the factory rebel group which was controlled by Wang Hongwen's little brothers, Gu Liji quarreled with them in 1974 and then was criticized, but was sympathized by the workers, who established a deep relationship with them. Now he was about to graduate from college, and his friends wanted him to go back. If he had not come to college, he would have taken a leading position. After the “Gang of Four" was smashed, the factory checked the people involved. He was the person in charge of the material group. If he didn't go to university, he would have been a leader. If he went back now, the working arrangement was not a problem. However, the unfamiliar Shekou was more attractive to him than the familiar Shanghai, so he still wanted to choose Shekou. The trouble was that his mother and lover did not agree with him leaving Shanghai. Shanghai had spacious housing. His sisters were abroad, so his mother wanted him to stay around, not to mention his lover's attachment to Shanghai. This was also human nature.<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。 <br />
<br />
"I have to convince my mother and my lover." Gu Liji was embarrassed to say with a smile.<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口，使他动了感情，他滔滔不绝地发起议论来。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng could understand and believe in young men very much. Gu Liji resolutely chose Shekou, which moved him, and he talked volubly. <br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办一个工业区呢？为了在那块地方搞改革，搞全面的改革，从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度，都要改，不改就没有出路。过去三十年，极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候，海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体，都是青年，他们为什么要跑？因为我们穷！ <br />
<br />
"Your choice is right. Shekou has ample scope for your abilities. Why do we want to run an industrial zone in Shekou? In order to carry out a reform in that area, to carry out a comprehensive reform, from business management, and personnel system to the wage system, all have to be changed. Without change there is no way out. Over the past 30 years, we have suffered from the thought of the extreme 'left’ and the rigid system. When we first arrived in Shekou in early 1979, the bodies of stowaways were found in the bay, which were all young people. Why did they run away? Because we were poor! <br />
<br />
“‘四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’，越搞跑的人越多。一些村子的青壮年几乎跑光了，真叫人欲哭无泪！蛇口对面就是香港的元朗，相隔只有6000米，晴天能看到它的高楼，它就是在我们‘十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了，必须把经济搞上去，这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公里，对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛，我们改革成功了，对全国就有很大的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛，无伤大局。当然，我们一定要尽最大的努力，争取成功，避免失败。我们这一代人是老了，当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时候，时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……” <br />
<br />
"Why did the 'Gang of Four' conduct 'Political frontier defense’. More people ran away. Some of the young and strong people of the village almost ran away. It really made us want to cry! Across the sea from Shekou is Yuen Long in Hong Kong, only 6,000 meters apart. We can see the tall buildings there on a clear day. It was developed during our 'Ten Years of Turmoil'. We can't do meaningless things anymore. We must increase the economy, so we must reform the backward system. Although Shekou Industrial Zone is only 2.14 square kilometers, which is just a drop for the country's 9.6 million square kilometers. If our reform is successful, it will be of great significance to the country. If we fail, it is also a drop in the bucket, which doesn't affect the whole. Of course, we must do our best to strive for success and avoid failure. Our generation is old, and we don't have much time when we realize that we have to do something. So hope is pinned on you..."<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动，身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚，望着自己的父亲，眼睛也有点热了…… <br />
<br />
Gu Liji felt his blood flowing faster and his body was very hot. Nya, who had not made a sound, looked at his father and his eyes also felt a little hot...<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会 <br />
<br />
VII. Press Conference<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来，当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书，1984年4月被聘为办公室主任。 <br />
<br />
After Gu Liji came out of the training course, he worked as the industrial zone office secretary for a period of time and was hired as the office director in April 1984.<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚，因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口，听说顾立基6日一早要去香港，5日晚我去登门拜访。 <br />
<br />
I didn't see Yuan Geng in July and returned to Guangzhou for business. I returned to Shekou on August 5, and heard that Gu Liji was going to Hong Kong early in the morning on the 6th. I came to visit him on the evening of the 5th.<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告，我为了听这个报告，推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的，谁都可以听，欢迎你去。”一见面顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。 <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng is back in Hong Kong and will return to Shekou tomorrow afternoon. He will give a report at 7:30 p.m. in the club auditorium. I postponed my trip to Hong Kong for a day in order to listen to this report. The report was public that anyone can listen to it. Welcome to listen." As soon as we met, Gu Liji told me the good news.<br />
<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗？” <br />
<br />
"Could he have time to talk to me?"<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难，他在蛇口不会待太久，一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告，你最好陪他回宿舍——他儿子的住处，或者宾馆，这样边走边谈，可以谈十来分钟……” <br />
<br />
"I'm afraid it's difficult. He won't stay long in Shekou and has many things to deal with once he returns. After hearing the report tomorrow, you'd better accompany him back to his dormitory--his son's residence, or the hotel, so that you can talk for ten minutes while walking..."<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗？ <br />
<br />
I was a little disappointed. Was Yuan Geng really so hard to see?<br />
<br />
不管怎样，先听听他的报告再说吧。 <br />
<br />
Anyway, listened to his report first.<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半，袁庚的报告准时开始。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng's report began on time at 7:30 p.m. on August 6.<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影，大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。今天这个会也叫新闻发布会，街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂，基本上坐满了，放眼望过去，都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。 <br />
<br />
The club's auditorium was usually used to show movies, and large-scale rallies and press conferences were sometimes held here. Today's meeting was also called a press conference, and there were posters on the street. The auditorium, which could accommodate over a thousand people, was almost full. Looking around, there were all young and happy faces. <br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上，顾立基主持大会。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng and the manager of the China Merchants Hong Kong Development Department Xiong Bingquan, who visited abroad with him, sat on the rostrum while Gu Liji presided over the conference.<br />
<br />
一开始，袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说： <br />
<br />
At the beginning, Yuan Geng laughingly shook two sheets of paper and said:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕，只讲个把钟头。” <br />
<br />
"Don't be afraid, everyone. I only speak for one or two hours."<br />
<br />
人们笑了，其实怕的是他讲得太短。 <br />
<br />
People laughed. They were actually afraid that he spoke too short.<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问，历时23天，访问了4个国家、16个公司、18个城市，从新加坡开始，往西到英国，再到美国、日本，整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处，受到隆重的、破格的接待，我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们四个人，而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化，在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到做蛇口人的光荣。” <br />
<br />
"This trip abroad lasted 23 days, and visited 4 countries, 16 companies, and 18 cities, starting from Singapore, west to the United Kingdom, and then to the United States, Japan, going around the world. Everywhere we went, we received a grand and exceptional reception, which I have never received as a diplomat. This is not because people value the four of us, but because of the changes in China Merchants Group and Shekou Industrial Zone. All of you have contributed. I deeply appreciate the honor of being a Shekou people."<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张，出国访问要花自己的钱，花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、软弱的地位。这次出访，他们带了20万美金的信用卡，足够用了，所到之处都坚持这个原则，唯独在新加坡失灵了。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng always advocated that he needed to spend his own money on overseas visits. Spending other people's money would put him in a passive and weak position in negotiations. On this trip, they brought $200,000 in credit cards, enough to use. He adhered to this principle everywhere he went, except in Singapore.<br />
<br />
那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系，但新加坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检，从飞机场一直送到最高级的香格里拉大酒店，袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前，这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫人；在他之后，住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨），每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观什么项目，全部满足要求。 <br />
<br />
At that time we didn't have diplomatic relations with Singapore, but the relevant party in Singapore was very friendly. They were exempt from customs inspection, and were sent from the airport to the top-class Shangri-La Hotel, where Yuan Geng was put in the most luxurious "presidential suite" (before him, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher stayed here; after him, U.S. Secretary of State Schultz lived), with a daily room rate of HK$5,000. Their all requirements are met, no matter what they wanted to visit.<br />
<br />
临走结账时，酒店经理说：“在你们到来之前，已经有人付了全部费用。” <br />
<br />
When they checked out before leaving, the hotel manager said, "Someone had already paid the full cost before you came."<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁，英国老板们在海员罢工浪潮的冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们，给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说：“我们原打算3年之内种植20万株月季，把蛇口建成玫瑰之城，现在看来太落后了……” <br />
<br />
They visited Aberdeen, the logistical base of the North Sea Oil Field in Britain. They were impressed by the warm and courteous reception that they received from British bosses who were under the impact of the wave of seamen's strikes. They were equally impressed by the boundless blooming roses in the north of England." We originally planned to plant 200,000 China roses in three years to turn Shekou into a city of roses, but now it seems too far behind..." Yuan Geng said.<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国，主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。 <br />
<br />
The visit focused on the United States, and the main task was to sign a contract for the introduction of a float glass factory.<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡，大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。 <br />
<br />
In Pittsburgh, the Greater Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce honored Yuan Geng as an honorary member.<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔，华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民，交给他一把金钥匙。女市长在宴会上说：“我是百分之百的中国人，也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说：“我很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判，就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过，”在经济问题上，兄弟无情，六亲不认！何况是与外国人谈判！” <br />
<br />
In Montreal, the American Chinese mayoress, Lily Lee Chen, declared Yuan Geng an honorary citizen and handed him a golden key. The mayoress said at the banquet, "I am 100 percent Chinese and 100 percent American." Yuan Geng said, "I appreciate her words." The negotiations about the introduction of the float glass factory were not so easy. Yuan Geng said, "In economic matters, I am ruthless to brothers and place righteousness above family loyalty! Not to mention that I am negotiating with foreigners!"<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前，有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过的曲折。 <br />
<br />
Before appreciating Yuan Geng's art of negotiation, it was necessary to review the twists and turns at home to introduce the factory.<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。 <br />
<br />
let's use Yuan Geng's words to illustrate the point.<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日，袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说： <br />
<br />
On March 22, 1984, Yuan Geng said in a speech to the students of the third training course for business management cadres:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件，大家听了很高兴，但我们不要高兴得过早。不要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了，但官僚主义、红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事，还是有的。例如我们正在谈判的浮法玻璃厂，到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃，为什么不准我们用最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ？最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局交涉。她们去的时候，人家一口答应，讲你们回去好了，但等我们企业室派人带合同去盖章的时候，又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干，他们讲：‘你们派了记者、作家来，我敢不答应吗？弄得不好，你们要写报告文学，写内参，我受得了吗’？……” <br />
<br />
"The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a document on March 10. We are very happy to hear it, but we should not be happy too early. Do not think that everything is solved after they said something. The previous open challenges may be gone, but there are still bureaucracy, jealous men, people who guess the mind of a man of high character with a mean thought, and things of giving others a hard time. For example, float glass factory that we are negotiating for has not been approved until now. Our country has to import a large number of glass every year, why are we not allowed to use the most advanced technology to make glass to replace into the imported glass? We recently sent two capable women to the General Administration of Building Materials to negotiate. When they arrived, the people here freely agreed and said they could go back in peace, but when our enterprise office sent someone to Take the contract to be sealed, they overruled it. When we asked why they did it, they said: 'You sent journalists and writers. Did I dare not say yes? If we didn't do well, you would write reportage and internal references, could I stand it'? ..."<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨，交涉了九个月，オ过了国内这一关。 <br />
<br />
Good things never come easy. They negotiated for nine months to overcome this domestic difficulty.<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判，当然不可能用这么长的时间，但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想而知的。 <br />
<br />
Of course, it could not take such a long time to negotiate with the Americans, but the level of intensity of the bargaining could be imagined.<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂，简直是一座玻璃城！它生产各式各样的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃，用25磅大锤从20米外打去，地皮都震动了，玻璃却安然无恙。我们和美国合资，投资一亿美元，引进一座同样的工厂，买他的专利，以后我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点，集中在每年所付专利费占销售总额的百分比上。 <br />
<br />
The American float glass factory was a factory with advanced technology, which was totally a glass city! It produced all kinds of glass. There was a kind of toughened glass that was hit with a 25-pound sledgehammer from 20 meters away and the ground shook, but the glass stayed intact. We had a joint venture with the United States. We invested $100 million to bring in the factory and buy its patents. Then we could build a second and a third. It was a good deal. And the negotiations focused on the percentage of the annual royalties to be paid in total sales.<br />
<br />
美方要6%，我们还价4%。 <br />
<br />
The U.S. side wanted 6%, and we bargained for 4%.<br />
<br />
美方降到5%，我们加到4.5%。 <br />
<br />
The U.S. side dropped to 5%, and we increased to 4.5%.<br />
<br />
寸利必争，形成僵局。 <br />
<br />
They competed for their own profit, and a stalemate was formed.<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng spoke.<br />
<br />
“先生们，我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针，2000年前发明了火药，全人类都在享受这些伟大的成果，可是他们从来没有要过什么专利，我们作为后代从来没有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋，而是觉得光荣。请问各位，那时候你们的祖先在哪里？恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前，是不是毛特别多……” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, our ancestors invented the compass 4,000 years ago, and gunpowder 2,000 years ago. All the human beings enjoy these great achievements, but the ancestors never asked for any patents. We as future generations have never called them bastards because of it, but feel honored. May I ask you, where were your ancestors at that time? I am afraid they were still in the trees. Please look at your chests, are they very hairy..."<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前，一个个咧嘴笑了。 <br />
<br />
The Americans really looked down at their chests, and all grinned.<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕，我的意思不是不付专利费，而是要求公平合理r’ <br />
<br />
"But don't be afraid. I don't mean not to pay the royalties, but to ask you to be fair and reasonable!”<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格，坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们，说不定会抗议呢！”你骂我们的祖先，是可忍，孰不可忍！” <br />
<br />
This was typical Yuan Geng's style, frank, humorous and witty. It worked on Americans. If it were us, might have protested! "You scolded our ancestors. If this can be tolerated, what can not!"<br />
<br />
终于达成协议：4.75%，为期10年。 <br />
<br />
An agreement was finally reached: 4.75 percent for 10 years.<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进一个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂，专利费是5%，时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说： <br />
<br />
This was quite favorable. A major city introduced a British glass factory whose technology was not so advanced, with a royalty rate of 5% for 12 years. Yuan Geng finally said passionately:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处，绝不能走美国的路！ <br />
<br />
"The United States centralized the best and the worst things in the world. We have to learn from its strengths and never go the way of the United States!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退，工业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走，他们还有点生气，现在停滞不前了。 <br />
<br />
"The world economy is in recession and the industrial structure is being reorganized. Five years ago I went around the world and they were a little angry. Now they are stagnant.<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方，转移到太平洋沿岸。 <br />
<br />
"Some say the center of the world economy is going to shift to the East, to the Pacific coast, in the late 1980s.<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了，现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈，今天下午四点半一踏上蛇口码头，就感到无比的清新，感到一草一木都非常亲切。 <br />
<br />
"Our system has made people lazy in the past, and now it's changing. This time I traveled around the world. As soon as I stepped on the Shekou Pier at 4:30 this afternoon, I felt much refreshed and felt that everything was very familiar.<br />
<br />
“10月1日，蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话，那是大家的功劳！ <br />
<br />
"On October 1, the Shekou's float will pass in front of Tian'anmen Square! If it is thrilling, it's the contribution of everyone!<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的，思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上，我们一定要赶上和超过他们！” <br />
<br />
"The capitalist world is rich in material things and poor in mind. We are moving up. We must catch up and surpass them!" <br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时，宣布散会了，大家意犹未尽。 <br />
<br />
After only one and a half hours, the meeting was declared closed. People were still being immersed.<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了，我放弃了跟上去的打算。 <br />
<br />
When Yuan Geng walked out of the meeting place, he was immediately surrounded by people. I gave up the intention of following him.<br />
<br />
八、“搞什么阴谋诡计？” <br />
<br />
Ⅷ. "What Schemes and Intrigues You Want to Go in for?"<br />
<br />
8月7日，袁庚开了一整天会，据说8日也不会有空，而9日一早又要回香港了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上，我给他写了一封信，说明这一次如果不能和他交谈，我将等待，直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨，我把这封信交给了工业区党委副书记乔胜利，请他转交。 <br />
<br />
On August 7th, Yuan Geng spent the day in meetings. It was said that he would not be free on the 8th, while he would go back to Hong Kong early in the morning on the 9th. I had no hope of seeing him in the next two days. In the evening, I wrote him a letter explaining that if I could not talk to him this time, I would wait until his next trip from Hong Kong. Early on the morning of the 8th, I handed the letter to Qiao Shengli, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone, asking him to deliver it.<br />
<br />
8日上午，我到办公大楼访问王潮梁，两人刚坐下来，办公室副主任黄振超匆匆忙忙地叫我：“袁董回来了，快去见他！” <br />
<br />
On the morning of the 8th, I visited Wang Chaoliang at the office building. As soon as they sat down, Huang Zhenchao, deputy director of the office, called me hurriedly, “Mr. Yuan is back. Go and see him!"<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉，说明另改时间，急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。 <br />
<br />
I apologized to Wang Chaoliang, explaining to him to change the time, and hurriedly followed Huang Zhenchao toward Yuan Geng's office.<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的，中间隔着大块的透明玻璃，老远就看见了袁庚，他手里正拿着一大摞文件。 <br />
<br />
The industrial zone office and Yuan Geng's office were connected, separated by a large piece of transparent glass. I saw Yuan Geng far away. He was holding a large pile of papers.<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候，黄振超在旁边向他说明：”只是见见面，不会占你很多时间。” <br />
<br />
When I shook hands with him, Huang Zhenchao explained to him from the side, "Just to see you. It won't take up much of your time."<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng, however, smiled and said casually: <br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的？来搞什么阴谋诡计？” <br />
<br />
"You're from ''Flower City''? What schemes and intrigues do you want to go in for?"<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了，而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。 <br />
<br />
A joke shortened the distance between us, and I felt that there seemed to be some kind of subtext behind this sentence.<br />
<br />
我知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。 <br />
<br />
I knew Yuan Geng was also quite concerned about the problems of literature and arts. <br />
<br />
梁宪说过，前几年在北京开会，有一天袁庚看了张洁的小说《爱，是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章，问他：”你认识这个作家吗？咱们把她请到蛇口去！”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所了解的，“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。 <br />
<br />
Liang Xian said that when he went to Beijing for a meeting a few years ago, one day Yuan Geng read Zhang Jie's novel ''Love must not be forgotten'' and related critiques, and asked him: "Do you know this writer? Let's invite her to Shekou!" I believe he knew something about the ''Flower City'', which had been attracting a lot of attention in the past few years, and the joke of "schemes and intrigues" was said not without reason.<br />
<br />
我也笑着说： <br />
<br />
I also said with a smile:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋，要写你和蛇口。” <br />
<br />
"I want to go in for the overt conspiracy. I want to write about you and Shekou."<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下，舒服地往藤椅上一靠，摆出了准备谈一阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好，这里问题多得很，改革每前进一步都要经过斗争，到处充满着矛盾。” <br />
<br />
He led me to the small parlor between the two offices and sat down, leaning back comfortably in a rattan chair and assuming a posture as if he was ready to talk for a long time." I don't have anything to write about. Don't say everything is good here. There are many problems. Every step forward in reform has to fight for, and everywhere is full of contradictions."<br />
<br />
我说：”正是这一点吸引了我。” <br />
<br />
I said, "That's what attracted me."<br />
<br />
“一个国家没有民主是不行的，而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国，政治家演说，群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿扔他，他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的，但这一套对巩固资产阶级的统治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底，孙中山是想搞民主的，他死得太早，没搞成。中华民族是伟大的，但是历史的包袱太重了。” <br />
<br />
"A country can't be better without democracy, and there is no democracy when the masses don't have the right to supervise and oust cadres. We have reformed the cadre system. In foreign countries, when a politician makes a speech, the masses can throw rotten eggs and tomatoes at him, and he still speaks with an umbrella in the way. You say his democracy is fake, but it's useful for consolidating the rule of the bourgeoisie. We should practice socialist democracy. China's bourgeois democratic revolution was not complete. Sun Yat-sen wanted democracy, but he died too early to achieve it. The Chinese nation is great, but the historic burdens are too heavy."<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说： <br />
<br />
Huang Hongjian, who came in halfway, interjected and said:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿，她在美国学企业管理，谈起来也说：在美国深有感慨，感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重。 <br />
<br />
"I recently received the daughter of a comrade in charge of the central committee. She studied business management in the United States. She also said that in the United States, she had a deep feeling that our great nation's historic burdens are too heavy.<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族，就没有什么框框，我在报告会上也说了，他们的总督牌香烟广告有一句口号是’想做就去做’，这句话香港也接受不了，译成’应做就去做’。当然，想干什么就干什么是不行的，但我们许多应干的事却干不成。” <br />
<br />
"As a nation, the United States hasn't many restrictions. As I said in the report meeting, their Viceroy cigarettes has a slogan in advertising 'If it's right, do it', this phrase can not be accepted in Hong Kong, translated as ‘do what you have to do’. Of course, we shouldn't do what we want, but we can't accomplish many of the things we have to do."<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历，他扼要地做了回答，着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命”中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时，这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来，微笑着站在那里不动，我知道是催他去开会，我们的谈话该结束了。 <br />
<br />
Then I asked him about his experience, and he gave a brief answer, focusing on his joining the Communist Party and his imprisonment during the "Cultural Revolution". We had been talking for almost an hour when Wang Jingui, deputy director of the Management Committee, walked in and stood still with a smile. I knew he was urging him to go to the meeting and it was time to end our conversation. <br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志，我们马上又赶到太子宾馆，和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢，对监狱内外情形都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说： <br />
<br />
Huang Hongjian made an appointment by phone with Comrade Wang Zongqian, the wife of Yuan Geng, who lived in the Prince Hotel, and we immediately rushed to there, talking with Mrs. Wang who was gentle and polite for an hour. What we talked about was mainly that Yuan Geng was in jail and was clear about the situation inside and outside the prison. Mrs. Wang said slowly and fondly: <br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨，出来就蔦儿了，可是他不，他的劲头反而更大了。” <br />
<br />
"Many people were broken and never recovered after that kind of torture. But he didn't. He was even more aggressive."<br />
<br />
我心里说：这オ是袁庚！ <br />
<br />
I said in my heart: this is the real Yuan Geng!<br />
<br />
过了几天，乔胜利对陈宜浩说：“袁董看了我的信，答应下次回来再和我谈。”可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。 <br />
<br />
After a few days, Qiao Shengli said to Chen Yihao: "Chairman Yuan read my letter and promised to talk to me again the next time he came back." But soon he was invited to Fujian by Comrade Xiang Nan.<br />
<br />
8月25日上午，我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息，急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联系。但是太迟了，他过了中午又要回香港，而上午的时间已经排满，就在和我通话的时候，他不得不放下电话去开门。他说： <br />
<br />
On the morning of August 25, I got the news that Yuan Geng had returned to Shekou and hurriedly called the Prince Hotel to contact him. But it was too late. He was going back to Hong Kong afternoon, and the morning was already full. And just as he was talking to me, he had to put down the phone to open the door. He said:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧，不要紧的，我们没有秘密。” <br />
<br />
"If you have any questions, just talk on the phone. It doesn't matter. We have no secrets."<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访，一时想不齐全，只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字，他一一做了回答：”这些也要发表吗？”我说：“不一定发表。”他说：”发表也没关系，那天我讲话外国人也听了。” <br />
<br />
I hadn't prepared for the telephone interview and couldn't think of all questions for a while, so I had to ask him a few details and figures about his visit abroad, and he answered them all and said: "Are these going to be published too?" I said, "Not necessarily." He said, "It doesn't matter if it is published, because foreigners listened to my speech that day too."<br />
<br />
我说：”将来排出校样，送给你看看好吗？免得事实有出入。” <br />
<br />
I said, "When the proof is done in the future, I will send you to see, okay? In case there is something different to the facts."<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查，出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的，难免出点差错。捅点娄子也不要紧。” <br />
<br />
"That is not necessary. Don't censor everything. It doesn't matter if something goes wrong. People are vivid and substantial, and mistakes are inevitable. It doesn't matter if you make some mistakes."<br />
<br />
<br />
“好了，谢谢您。” "Well, thank you."<br />
<br />
“谢谢。” "Thank you."<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。 <br />
<br />
I suddenly thought of two sentences from Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观，来到铝材厂门口时，他向学员们介绍：这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人，23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起来，大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停工，一个工人从高处摔下来受了伤，他的哥哥跑过去看了看，见弟弟没有生命危险，便又回去干活了。 <br />
<br />
Once Yuan Geng personally led the students in the training course for business management cadres to visit. When they came to the entrance of the aluminum factory, he introduced to the students: The construction of the factory building was put out to the Japanese. 23 Japanese built it in only 27 days. Even though the rain was so heavy that they could not open their eyes, they did not stop working. A worker fell from a high place and was injured, his older brother ran over to see that his brother was not in danger, and then he went back to work again.<br />
<br />
袁庚说：“日本不富没有天理！中国改革不富也没有天理！” <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said, "There is no reason for Japan not to be rich! There is no reason for China’s reform not to be rich!"<br />
<br />
现在我想说：蛇口的改革不成功没有天理！ <br />
<br />
Now I would like to say: there is no reason for Shekou's reform not to succeed!<br />
<br />
九、大鹏魂 <br />
<br />
Ⅸ. Dapeng Spirit<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚，魁梧、潇洒，兼有外交家和实业家的风度，具有一种吸引人的魅カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢？ <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was 66 years old, stout and dashing, having the air of both a diplomat and an industrialist and an attractive charm. From where did he come to us?<br />
<br />
拨开历史的迷雾，我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。 <br />
<br />
Clearing up the fog of confusion, we saw the solid footprints of a hot-blooded man.<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园，算是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。 <br />
<br />
He was born in Shuiba Village, Dapeng Town, Bao'an City, Guangdong Province (now Longgang District, Shenzhen City). His family had an orchard and could be considered a well-off family. The wind and waves of Dapeng Bay cultivated his mind.<br />
<br />
1935年，他毕业于广州广雅中学，随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测量员，他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校，陈济棠下台后，这家军校成了国民党中央军校的分校。 <br />
<br />
In 1935, he graduated from Guangzhou Guangya High School and then entered a surveying school. After a short period as a surveyor, he entered the Yantang Military Academy run by Chen Jitang, which became a branch academy of the Nationalist Party Central Military Academy after Chen Jitang stepped down.<br />
<br />
在学校里，袁庚是活跃的足球门将，练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕业，他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官，一个个腐化不堪，对民族危亡无动于衷，便愤然回到故乡大鹏镇，担任第一小学校长，同时兼任地方自卫队教官。 <br />
<br />
In school, Yuan Geng was an active goalkeeper and developed a strong body. After graduating from the military academy, he saw that the instructors, who were full of benevolence and morality, were all corrupt and indifferent to the national peril, so he returned to his hometown Dapeng Town in anger and became the principal of the first elementary school, while also serving as an instructor of the local self-defense troop.<br />
<br />
学校是国民党办的，自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的，但是学校和自卫队中都有中共地下党员。 <br />
<br />
The school was run by Nationalist Party and the self-defense troop was run by Deng Yanda's Third Party, but there were underground members of the Communist Party in both the school and the self-defense troop.<br />
<br />
戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚，在当地是一个重要人物，三种政治力量对他都很重视。 <br />
<br />
When Yuan Geng returned to his hometown, he was an important figure in the area, and all three political forces attached great importance to him.<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文，和他住到一起，亲自考察他。 <br />
<br />
Wang Wen, secretary of the underground County Committee of CPC, lived with him and examined him personally.<br />
<br />
革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
<br />
The hearts of revolutionaries and patriots were always in sympathy. Yuan Geng soon became friends with Wang Wen, Zhong Wen, Lai Zhongyuan and other underground party members, and was also close to Wang Bo, a teacher being trained by the party organization. Yuan Geng actively participated in all the activities to promote anti-Japanese, such as organizing evening schools and acting in plays. One time in the performance of "Put Down Your Whip", Wang Bo played the daughter who made a living by singing, and Yuan Geng played a young man who stopped the father from whipping his daughter. When he shouted "Put down your whip", he completely got into the role, forgetting that he was acting, and many audiences also rushed after him...<br />
<br />
1939年3月27日，袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党，从这一天起，他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。 <br />
<br />
On March 27, 1939, Yuan Geng was recommended to join the Communist Party of China by comrades Wang Wen and Zhong Wen. From that day on, he had lived up to the honorable title of member of the Communist Party of China.<br />
<br />
当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党的漫画，刺痛了国民党区党部，他的处境变得危险了，党组织于1939年冬天把他转移到党领导的抗日游击队，从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子，像大鹏一样展翅高飞了。 <br />
<br />
There was a local progressive publication "Dapeng Spirit". Yuan Geng published a cartoon satirizing the Nationalist Party in it, which stung the District Party headquarters of the Nationalist Party. His situation became dangerous and the Party organization transferred him to the anti-Japanese guerrilla force led by the Party in the winter of 1939, from which he began his fighting career in the East River Column. The son of Dapeng Bay spread his wings and flew high like the roc (named Dapeng in Chinese).<br />
<br />
抗日战争期间，美军作为盟军，在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组，担任东纵联络处处长的袁庚，和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示，东纵和美军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报，对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。 <br />
<br />
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the U.S. Army, as an allied force, sent an observation group in Yan'an and one in the East River Column. Yuan Geng, who was the director of the Liaison Office of East River Column, remained in regular contact with the U.S. military observation group in East River Column. According to the instructions of the Central Committee, the East River Column and the U.S. observation group exchanged information about the Japanese army in South China, which played a positive role in defeating Japanese imperialism.<br />
<br />
日寇投降时，英军远在缅甸，一个海军少将只率领一营人乘航空母舰赶到香港。他的兵力不足以维持治安，要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央，中央复电：为了对付国民党的内战阴谋，坚决撤离港九地区；同时要求在香港设立联络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判，袁庚不辱使命，漂亮地完成了任务，并成为驻香港办事处的第一任主任，这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能想到，历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折，二十多年后，这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。 <br />
<br />
When the Japanese aggressors surrendered, the British army was in Burma. A Rear Admiral led only one battalion to Hong Kong by an aircraft carrier. His forces were not enough to maintain law and order, and he asked our Hong Kong-Kowloon detachment of the East River Column not to retreat. The East River Column asked the Central Committee for advice, and the Central Committee replied with a telegram: In order to deal with the conspiracy of the Nationalist Party's civil war, evacuate the Hong Kong-Kowloon area resolutely; at the same time, set up a liaison agency in Hong Kong. The East River Column sent Yuan Geng to Hong Kong to negotiate. Yuan Geng fulfilled his mission, doing his job well and became the first director of the Liaison Office in Hong Kong, which was the predecessor of the Hong Kong branch of Xinhua News Agency later. Who would have thought that the way forward of history could be so twisted and more than twenty years later, these achievements had become "crimes".<br />
<br />
十、秦城监狱 <br />
<br />
X. Qincheng Prison<br />
<br />
1968年4月6日，袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家，到机关去上班。北京的4月初，春寒料峭，风沙迷眼，加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报，形成一片肃杀气氛，使袁庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作，刚告一段落，还来不及喘口气，就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息，他于愤懑中保持着镇定。 <br />
<br />
On April 6, 1968, Yuan Geng left his home in Xiyuan early in the morning and went to work. In early April in Beijing, the spring air was chill, and the wind and sand got into the eyes, with ferocious big-character posters everywhere, which formed an awful atmosphere, making Yuan Geng extremely depressed. He had just come to the end of his work of receiving and transporting Chinese refugees from Indonesia and he couldn't even catch his breath before he returned to work. Recently, he kept hearing the news that his old comrades in the East River Column had lost their freedom or their whereabouts were unknown. He kept his composure in the midst of his resentment.<br />
<br />
回到办公室不久，有人通知：“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门，看到除部长之外，还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长，面孔板得像一座木雕。 <br />
<br />
Soon after he returned to the office, someone informed him, "The minister wants to see you." He opened the door of the minister's office and saw that in addition to the minister, there were two public security officers. The minister, whose name often appeared in the newspapers, pulled a face like a wooden statue.<br />
<br />
“袁庚，你被捕了！” <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng, you're under arrest!"<br />
<br />
下午，机关召开大会，部长在会上宣布：”袁庚是美国特务，已经依法逮捕。“袁庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和刘丹一，互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周总理安全的情景，记忆犹新，那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间，周旋于华侨社会之中，眼睛熬红了，人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场，天理何在？！ <br />
<br />
In the afternoon, the organ held a general meeting and the minister announced: "Yuan Geng is an American spy and has been arrested in obedience to the law." Yuan Geng's close friends and neighbors, Liu Yamin and Liu Dan Yi, who worked together with him as consuls at the consulate-general in Jakarta, Indonesia, in the 1950s, exchanged looks of grief and indignation. In 1954, Yuan Geng and they worked together to defend the Bandung Conference and the security of Premier Zhou. The memory of the scene was still vivid. At that time, when Yuan Geng traveled between Jakarta and Bandung, circulated among the overseas Chinese community, his eyes were red, and he lost a lot of weight by overwork. Such loyalty ended up like this. Where was the justice?<br />
<br />
与此同时，汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中，勒令交出所有的钥匙，开始抄家。翻箱倒柜，从下午抄到天黑，然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时，オ发现三个孩子被关在门外不准进家，左邻右舍也不敢收留，孩子们在抹眼泪…… <br />
<br />
At the same time, Comrade Wang Zongqian was brought back home from his office, and ordered to hand over all his keys. They began to search her house. They rummaged the whole house, from afternoon to dark, and then brought her back to the office to search her desk. When she went out, she found that three children were shut out of the house and not allowed to enter the house. The neighbors did not dare to take them in, and the children were wiping their tears...<br />
<br />
从此以后，袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里，也不知是死是活，到哪里打听都说不知道。1969年，汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校，孩子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”，但作为“反革命家属”，她只能干最脏最累的活，如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎，痛得胳膊抬不起来，医生建议回北京治疗，干校就是不准。直到1972年初夏，她的大孩子中印就要下乡插队了，她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服，打点行装，オ被批准。 <br />
<br />
From then on, Yuan Geng disappeared from life. Wang Zongqian did not know where he was locked up, nor did she know if he was dead or alive. Everywhere she asked all said he did not know. In 1969, Wang Zongqian went to a cadet school in Zou County, Shandong Province, with the organ, while the children stayed in Beijing to live with their grandmother. Although Wang Zongqian was considered a "student of the cadre school", but as a "family member of a counter-revolutionary", she could only do the dirtiest and most tiring works, such as taking away manure from privies and washing toilets. Her left shoulder was suffering from periarthritis of the shoulder. It was so painful that she couldn't lift her arm. The doctor suggested that she go back to Beijing for treatment, but the cadre school didn't allow it. Until the early summer of 1972, when her eldest child, Zhongyin, was about to go and work in the countryside, she asked for leave to return to Beijing to wash her child's clothes and pack his luggage, which was approved.<br />
<br />
1972年7月，袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后，有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去探监。“他还活着，他还活着！”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。 <br />
<br />
In July 1972, when Yuan Geng was arrested for four years and three months, someone suddenly informed Wang Zongqian to visit him in Qincheng Prison. "He is still alive, he is still alive!" Wang Zongqian's heart was stuffed with this thought.<br />
<br />
汪宗谦心酸地发现，袁庚行走困难，说话声音也变了，而且他不知道当时是何年何月！ <br />
<br />
Wang Zongqian sadly find that Yuan Geng was difficult to walk, his voice had changed, and he even didn't know when it was!<br />
<br />
原来监狱里日夜亮着灯，犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替，失去了时间的概念；睡觉时只准脸朝外，一条腿总是压在下边，时间长了造成萎缩；长期不讲话，声带都沙哑了。 <br />
<br />
It turned out that the prison was lit day and night, so the prisoners could not distinguish and remember the alternation of day and night, losing the notion of time; they only allowed to sleep with their face outward, and one leg was always pressed down, which caused atrophy over time; they didn't speak for a long period, so the vocal cords were hoarse.<br />
<br />
我曾经听说，袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西，只有放风时在天井里看到墙根的小草。 <br />
<br />
I once heard that Yuan Geng could not see anything alive for several years in prison, and only saw the grass at the foot of the wall in the patio when he was allowed to go out.<br />
<br />
问他是不是这样，他说： <br />
<br />
When he was asked if this was the case, he said:<br />
<br />
“不，还有蚂蚁，我对蚂蚁很有研究。” <br />
<br />
"No, there are ants. I studied ants a lot."<br />
<br />
这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量！ <br />
<br />
How much heavy weight this easy sentence contained!<br />
<br />
汪宗谦见过了袁庚，就为救他而奔走了。 <br />
<br />
Having met Yuan Geng, Wang Zongqian ran around to save him.<br />
<br />
“没见他不知道他死活，既然知道他还活着，我就怕他死了！问题还没搞清，死了孩子们都得背黑锅呀！他住在楼上，要到楼下的天井放风，上下都很辛苦，我到中央接待站去上访，请求把他搬到楼下来，这个要求被接受了。” <br />
<br />
"I didn't know if he was dead or alive when I didn't see him, and since I knew he was alive, I'm afraid he will die! The problem is not yet clear, and the children will have to get the blame if he is dead! He lived upstairs and had to go downstairs to the patio to breathe the fresh air. It was hard to get up and down, so I went to the reception center of the central committee to ask for moving him downstairs, and this request was accepted."<br />
<br />
袁庚搬到楼下的一间房，发现席子底下有一团花白的头发，他判断这里关过一个五十多岁的女同志。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng moved to a room downstairs and found a tangle of white hair under the matting. He judged that a female comrade in her fifties had been imprisoned here.<br />
<br />
后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事，王光美说：“没错，正是我住过的那间房。” <br />
<br />
Later he talked about it accidentally with comrade Wang Guangmei at a banquet, who said, "Yes, it was exactly the same room I lived in."<br />
<br />
袁庚出狱，已是1973年9月30日，整整关了5年半。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was released from prison on September 30, 1973, after five and a half years.<br />
<br />
在狱中，睡觉时只要一转身，看守就在外边敲门。夜晚，敲门声常常把人惊醒。袁庚回到家里，刚一入睡就惊醒了，这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年，这种心悸病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能，却用了更长的时间。每天，汪宗谦搀着袁庚，一步，一步，慢慢地走，越走越远，越走越快，走了一年之久，两条腿オ恢复了平衡。 <br />
<br />
In prison, when he was sleeping, as soon as he turned around, the guard was outside knocking on the door. At night, the knocking often woke him up. After Yuan Geng returned home, he woke up just as soon as he fell asleep, which was the real lingering fear. After half a year, this fear gradually disappeared. And it took longer to restore the function of that atrophied leg. Every day, Wang Zongqian helped Yuan Geng, step by step, slowly walking, further and faster. After walking for a year, his two legs restored the balance.<br />
<br />
更可悲的是，有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子，出来不会走直路了，一走就转圈，连马路也不能过。 <br />
<br />
What was more sad was that some people walked in circles for years in their cells, and when they came out, they couldn't walk straight, they walked in circles and even couldn't cross the road.<br />
<br />
人啊，人！ <br />
<br />
Oh, human!<br />
<br />
人的尊严到哪里去了！ <br />
<br />
Where had the dignity of human gone!<br />
<br />
经过一年多的休养治疗，1975年，袁庚被分配到交通部，当了外事局副局长。 <br />
<br />
After more than a year of recuperation and treatment, Yuan Geng was assigned to the Ministry of Communications as the deputy director of the Foreign Affairs Bureau in 1975.<br />
<br />
一恢复工作，袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体一样活跃起来。 <br />
<br />
Once he returned to work, Yuan Geng's mind became as active as his newly recovered body.<br />
<br />
恢复工作之前，袁庚骑自行车上街，总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道，“不能开慢点吗”！恢复工作之后，自己也坐上了小汽车，有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了，“不能靠边骑吗”！他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化，在心里警告自己道：”可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀！” <br />
<br />
Before he resumed work, Yuan Geng rode a bicycle to the street and always felt that the cars passing by were too overbearing, "Can't you drive slower"! After he resumed work, he also drove the car and sometimes felt that the bicycles on the road were in the way, "Can't you ride on the side"? He soon realized this subtle change in his mental state and warned himself, "I can't let my position dictate my thinking!"<br />
<br />
多年来，这成了他的一个信条。 <br />
<br />
Over the years, this became one of his credos.<br />
<br />
十一、香港第一课 <br />
<br />
Ⅺ. The First Lesson in Hong Kong<br />
<br />
1978年，做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚，以花甲之年改行搞经济，被派到香港招商局担任副董事长。 <br />
<br />
In 1978, Yuan Geng, who had spent most of his life in military and diplomatic work, changed his career to economics in his sixties and was sent to the China Merchants Hong Kong to serve as vice chairman.<br />
<br />
招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日，招商局香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱，从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长，所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。从李鸿章算起，袁庚是第29任了。 <br />
<br />
China Merchants Group was founded in 1872 by Li Hongzhang, a northern minister in the Qing Dynasty. On January 15, 1950, the 13 ships of the Hong Kong branch of China Merchants Group rose in revolt and returned to the embrace of the motherland, then becoming the representative agency of the Ministry of Communications in Hong Kong. Previous ministers of the Ministry of Communications also served as chairman of the China Merchants Hong Kong, so the vice chairman was the de facto person in charge. Reckoning from Li Hongzhang, Yuan Geng was the 29th minister.<br />
<br />
香港招商局在极'左’思想影响之下，经营单一，困守一隅，搞了几十年没有什么发展。袁庚到任，根据中央定下的“以航运为中心，立足港澳，背靠内地，面向海外，多种经营，工商结合，买卖结合”的方针，以铁腕大力整顿。 <br />
<br />
Under the influence of the thought of the extreme 'left’, the China Merchants Hong Kong was very conservative with narrow business scope, and didn't develop much for decades. When Yuan Geng took office, he made energetic efforts to rectify with an iron fist, according to the policy of "shipping as the center, based on Hong Kong and Macao, backed by the mainland, facing overseas, a variety of business, combination of industry and commerce, and combination of buying and selling" set by the central committee.<br />
<br />
袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said in his speech at the Economic Seminar of Part Coastal Open Cities:<br />
<br />
“我到香港的第一课，就是买了一座大楼，非常便宜，只花了6180万（港币）。第一次交订金时，支票2000万。那天是星期五，当时讲好下午2点钟，在一个律师楼里，大家一手交钱，一手交货。我们开了2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里，发动机都没有停。一上去之后，大家一手交货，一手交钱，签字。签完字，对方拿着支票，两个人夹住，下去了。剩下一个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度，马上存到银行里去了。因为明天是礼拜六了，人家银行关门，礼拜天也关门，假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前不到银行去交那个支票的话，他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支票交给他。我们的财务去了，他回来向我们报告，他说当时那个场面是很动人的。当然，我们闭着眼睛也能想到，资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重视，当时浮动利息是14厘，三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志，那就无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去，回家。他没有这个观念！这就是香港第一课。我也不怕自惭形秽，一窍不通，我接触经济工作，仅仅是5年多前开始的。但一开始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多！招商局的子公司多的是，一检查，发现支票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了，换了一个华东财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后，我就给他讲这个道理，一个礼拜之内他就能够接受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事，立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后，财源滚滚而来。……这个‘时间就是金钱’，不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我，其实这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’，它说得比我还厉害，时间重于金钱！” <br />
<br />
"My first lesson in Hong Kong was to buy a building, which was very cheap, costing only 61.8 million (Hong Kong dollars). The deposit I paid for the first time was a cheque for 20 million. It was a Friday, and it was agreed that we would cash on delivery at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, in a lawyer building. We signed a cheque for 20 million and went to the lawyer building. There were many people from the seller's side. A few cars were parked downstairs, with their engines running. Once we went up, we cashed on delivery, and signed. After signing, the other party took the cheque, two people clamped it, and went down. One boss was left to talk to us about the aftermath. The cheque was sent to the bank to be deposited immediately by a car as fast as possible. Because tomorrow was Saturday, the bank was closed, and was also closed on Sunday. If he didn't go to the bank to hand over that cheque before 3 o'clock on Friday afternoon, he would lose the interest of 20 million for three days. So he asked for the cheque to be delivered to him on time. Our accountant went there and he came back to report to us, and he said it was a very moving scene. Of course, we could think it blindfolded. Why the capitalist attached so much importance to the interest of 20 million in the bank for three days. At that time, the floating rate was 1.4%, and three days means tens of thousands of dollars of interest. If it was our comrade in the mainland, it didn't matter. This check would be put at home and he would go home. Because he didn't have this concept! This was the first lesson I learned in Hong Kong. I'm not afraid to be ashamed of myself and know nothing about it. I just started working in the economy more than five years ago. But as soon as I started, I realized that we have a lot of problems with economic work in China! There are many subsidiaries of the China Merchants Group. When I checked, I found that they thought putting the cheque at home overnight was not a serious thing. Soon I changed the accountant and replaced him with a graduate from the East China College of Finance and Economics. When he came, I told him it, and within a week he was able to accept it. He said that money management here was totally different from the mainland, and he would immediately rectify it. After the rectification, the money was rolling in... 'Time is money' is not unreasonable. Now many people scold me. Actually, this phrase was not invented by me. China has long spoken 'An inch of time is worth an inch of gold', which is said more strongly than my words. Time is more important than money!"<br />
<br />
招商局走上轨道，袁庚就考虑进一步的发展了。1979年初，他和有关同志带着在蛇口开发工业区的蓝图，到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志很感兴趣，当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给工业区，袁庚还没有这个胆量，只要了2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候，袁庚心里默默地说： <br />
<br />
After China Merchants Group was on the right track, Yuan Geng considered further development. At the beginning of 1979, he and some related comrades went to Beijing to report to Li Xiannian, and Gu Mu with the blueprint for developing the industrial zone in Shekou. Li Xiannian and Gu Mu were very interested, and agreed to give the entire Nanshan Peninsula to the industrial zone. But Yuan Geng did not have the guts, only receiving 2.14 square kilometers. When Comrade Li Xiannian picked up his pen to sign their report, Yuan Geng silently said in his heart:<br />
<br />
“先念同志，签吧，您这一笔下去，将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀！” <br />
<br />
"Comrade Xiannian, sign it. With this stroke written down, future generations of the Chinese nation will be benefited ah!"<br />
<br />
十二、清新 <br />
<br />
Ⅻ. Freshness<br />
<br />
1984年8月，蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅，迎面是一架屏风，正中间挂着一幅草书，苍劲流畅的书法，引人注目，细看那内容，更是气度非凡。这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本，把它抄了下来。 <br />
<br />
In August 1984, the first painting and calligraphy exhibition in Shekou Industrial Zone opened. The audience entered the exhibition hall, facing a screen, with a cursive calligraphy hanging in the middle. The strong and smooth calligraphy was eye-catching. When looking closely at the content, it was more imposing. This was the work of the versatile Yuan Geng. I couldn't resist pulling out my notebook and copying it down.<br />
<br />
登微波楼 <br />
<br />
Climbing the Microwave Telecommunication Building<br />
<br />
微波楼上，雨初晴，水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小，探手银河可摘。鹰掠浮云，鸥翻怒浪，何惧风雷激。掀天揭地，方显男儿胆识。梧桐山挹群峰，若游龙，直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海，洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排，帆樯队列，似神蛇添翼。中华崛起，英雄豪杰辈出。 <br />
<br />
Standing on the Microwave Telecommunication Building, it just clears up after the rain and the sky is clear blue after being immersed in water. I look far away, finding that the universe is so small, as if I can reach for the Milky Way. The eagle glides through the floating clouds, and seagulls flip over the surging waves, who are completely unafraid of the gathering storm. The world is shaken, showing the courage and insight of men. The peaks of the Wutong Mountain, like dragons in flight, sweep across Tuen Mun in the northwest. Rolling Pearl River flows south into the sea, showering Lindingyang Bay with spring scenery. The factory buildings are located like fish scales, and the ships are in a queue, like the divine snake who has grown wings. With the rise of China, numerous heroes have emerged.<br />
<br />
时维甲子，序属清明，雨后登蛇口微波楼，有清新感，兴之所至，填［念奴娇］。格律工否，非所计也，取其义耳。 <br />
<br />
Now is Pure Brightness in 1984. After the rain, I climb the Microwave Telecommunication Building in Shekou and have a feeling of freshness. Then I write a poem to the tune of Nian Nu Jiao while the whim lasts. I don't consider the rules and forms of the poem, but the meaning of it.<br />
<br />
宝安袁庚 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng in Baoan<br />
<br />
我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过，“每登微波楼，均有清新感”。可见“清新感”一词不是随便用的。 <br />
<br />
I paid attention to the words "have a feeling of freshness". In a letter to Liu Da, the president of Tsinghua University, Yuan Geng also said, "Every time I climb the Microwave Telecommunication Building, I have a feeling of freshness. It was clear that the phrase " a feeling of freshness " could not be used casually.<br />
<br />
我有同感。 <br />
<br />
I felt the same way.<br />
<br />
蛇口经过5年多的建设，已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区，当然以工业为主。引进项目98个，有52个已经开业投产。几十座工厂，几百栋宿舍楼，海滨的花园别墅，在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排，帆樯队列”，完全是写实，没有一点夸张。工业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头，许多外国石油公司和财团的代表机构也在这里办公，水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前，蒲公英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上，就是引进的具有20世纪70年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望，整个工业区尽收眼底，难怪这是袁庚心爱的一个去处。 <br />
<br />
After more than five years of construction, Shekou had become a new type of seaport. The industrial zone, of course, focused on industry. 82 projects had been introduced, 52 of which went into production. Dozens of factories, hundreds of dormitory buildings, and garden villas at the seaside went up at the desolate beach. "The factory buildings are located like fish scales, and the ships are in a queue" was written realistically, without any exaggeration. The seven-story office building of the Industrial Zone’s management committee was located close to the Wuwan Pier, where the representative offices of many foreign oil companies and consortia also worked here. The hydrofoils ran between Shekou and Hong Kong. In front of the building, a dandelion-like circular water sculpture splashed water like pearls. On the hill behind the building was the introduced microwave telecommunication building with the advanced level of the 1970s. Climbing the building to look around, the whole industrial area could be seen. No wonder this was Yuan Geng's favorite place to go.<br />
<br />
六湾中央的岸边，停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪华的大型客轮，诞生于1962年的法国，后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间，它在海洋上奔波，到过数十个海港城市，如今它退役了，古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归宿之地。它虽然不再航行，但风姿不减当年，以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜，灯火通明，烟花四起，它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候，一片反对之声，现在事实说明，它为蛇口添了异彩，对的又是袁庚。 <br />
<br />
The Minghua ship, which was dedicated an inscription of "Sea Word" by Deng Xiaoping, docked at the shore of the central area of Liuwan Bay. This luxury large passenger ship was born in France in 1962, and was later bought by Guangzhou Ocean Shipping Company. Over the past 21 years, it had traveled on the ocean and visited dozens of seaports. Now that it was retired, the ancient but young Shekou had become its home. Though it no longer sailed, but its charm was as good as ever, attracting thousands of visitors with its rooms, restaurants, dance hall, shopping mall and amusement park. At night, with its bright lights and fireworks, it seemed to be a palace on the sea. When Yuan Geng decided to spend 3 million yuan to buy it last year, many people disagreed with him. Now the facts showed that it had added a different color to Shekou. Yes, it was Yuan Geng again.<br />
<br />
晚上，我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上，观两岸灯火，听一片涛声，历史和现实在脑海里交叉、叠印，我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远，就是伶仃洋，就是珠江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音，陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音，仿佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮，更是历史的见证。 <br />
<br />
In the evening, I went for a walk at the seaside. I sat on the stone rail, watching the lights on both sides of the sea, listening to the sound of the wave, history and reality crossing and overprinting in my mind, and my heart could not calm down like the sea. Not far to the west, was the Lonely Ocean (Lindingyang Bay), which was the mouth of the Pearl River. The sound of Wen Tianxiang's sighing "On Lonely Ocean now I feel dreary and lonely" and the sound of Lu Xiufu's throwing himself into the sea with the Song Emperor on his back seemed to come from the depths of history. The rusty ancient cannon on the Chiwan Zuo Fort was also a witness of history.<br />
<br />
144年前，面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队，它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼，从而揭开了鸦片战争的序幕。但是，它能打掉海盗船的威风，却打不掉清王朝的腐朽，它和林则徐一道被出卖了。花开花谢，潮涨潮落，一百年过去了，终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚，指挥炮兵健儿，威震敌胆，一举解放了这片土地，解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到，30年的历史弯路，辜负了这大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心，月黑风高之夜，来到这荒凉的海滩，从这儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙，涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候，痛苦的心情真是难以表达。现在好了，オ过去五年，不过是历史的一瞬，蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色，他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喁喁私语的情侣，望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的孩子，心里暗暗地说：祝福你们，幸运的蛇口人！ <br />
<br />
Some young people lost confidence in the motherland. They came to this desolate beach in the dark and windy night, swimming to the lights on the other side from here. Some of them drowned in the halfway, and the tide pushed their bodies back to the place where they started. When Yuan Geng returned to Shekou five years ago and saw the bodies of these unfortunate people, it was hard to express his pain. Now, only five years passed, which was a moment in history, Shekou's lights at night were not inferior to the other side of the sea. It was said that Yuan Geng once drove on the other side of the sea to look at the night of Shekou, and I think it was also hard to express his joyful feelings. I looked at the couples whispering to each other on the benches in the seaside garden, at the children dancing around their young parents, and secretly said: Bless you, lucky Shekou people! 144 years ago, in the face of the unbeatable British Imperial Fleet, it bravely gave its first roar, thus opening the prologue of the Opium War. However, it could knock down the might of the pirate ships, but not the decadence of the Qing Dynasty, and it was betrayed along with Lin Zexu. With flowers blooming and fading, and the tide rising and falling, a hundred years passed, and it finally ushered in the earthshaking changes in 1949. Yuan Geng, the head of the artillery regiment of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, commanded the artillery soldiers to strike terror into the hearts of the enemy, and liberated this land and Dachan Island on Lindingyang Bay at one stroke. But no one expected that 30 years of historical detours failed to live up the beautiful land’s expectations.<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象，还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、工资制度的改革，由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化，这些属于上层建筑领域的清新之处，比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。 <br />
<br />
These were the visible fresh scenes, but there were also the invisible ones. The reform of the economic system, the personnel system, the wage system, the changes in human relations and values caused by these changes, which were the freshness of the superstructure, was more beautiful and moving than the brilliant lights of the night.<br />
<br />
啊，清新的蛇口！ <br />
<br />
Ah, the fresh Shekou!<br />
<br />
十三、心血 <br />
<br />
XIII. Painstaking Effort<br />
<br />
清新动人的蛇口，是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。 <br />
<br />
The fresh and attractive Shekou was sculpted by thousands of laborers with their painstaking efforts and hands.<br />
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这中间，袁庚倾注了更多的心血。 <br />
<br />
And Yuan Geng devoted more efforts.<br />
<br />
工业区创建初期，香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥，他出色地贯彻了袁庚的意图，艰苦深入，日夜辛劳，给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港后，袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计，又关心具体问题，处理问题总是站在战略的高度，高瞻远瞩。他一天工作十几个小时，中午在藤椅上靠几分钟又工作了，晚上常常熬到深夜。 <br />
<br />
In the early days of the industrial zone, Zhang Zhensheng, the general manager of Ocean Shipping Company affiliated to China Merchants Hong Kong, served as the commander-in-chief. He carried out Yuan Geng's intention brilliantly, going into more depth about it, working hard day and night, which left a deep impression on people. After he was transferred back to Hong Kong, Yuan Geng took on the main leadership position of the industrial zone himself. He not only considered the overall policy, but also cared about the specific problems. He always dealt with problems from a strategic height and looked far ahead. He worked more than ten hours a day, leaning on a rattan chair for a few minutes at noon and then working again. He often stayed up late at night.<br />
<br />
第一批引进的工厂中，有个华美钢厂，是招商局与香港合资的企业。 <br />
<br />
Huamei Steel was one of the first factories which were introduced, which was a joint venture between China Merchants Group and Hong Kong.<br />
<br />
这位姓施的老板，本来是经营地皮股票的，对办工厂并无兴趣。 <br />
<br />
The owner, surnamed Shi, used to trade land stocks, and was not interested in running a factory.<br />
<br />
袁庚在印尼工作时结识的一位华侨朋友，代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术，认为在蛇口办一间轧制钢材的钢厂有利可图，便极カ劝施老板投资。 <br />
<br />
A Chinese friend, who was met by Yuan Geng while he was working in Indonesia, investigated the steel technology in the country in Boss Shi's stead. He thought it was profitable to run a steel mill that rolled steel in Shekou, so he tried to advise Boss Shi to invest.<br />
<br />
双方有利，一拍即合。 <br />
<br />
The two sides were favorable, and they immediately agreed.<br />
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引进的设备在国内是先进的，投资额近一亿港元。 <br />
<br />
The equipment introduced was advanced in China, and the investment was worth nearly HK$100 million.<br />
<br />
1984年春，钢厂股东和工业区管委会举行联席会议，讨论经营方面面临的问题。港务公司提出一个悬案：建厂初期，厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的露天堆场，已经7个多月，港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费，而厂方拒绝付款，一直未能解决。 <br />
<br />
In the spring of 1984, shareholders of the steel mill and the industrial zone management committee held a joint meeting to discuss the problems in management. The ports company put forward an unsolved case: in the early days of the factory, more than 3000 tons of steel were stacked in the open yard of Wuwan Pier. It had been more than seven months, and ports company wanted to collect HK $600000 in stacking fees, but the factory refused to pay, which had not been solved.<br />
<br />
这个问题一提出，气氛紧张起来，施老板很激动，把财务经理和总工程师都叫来，讨价还价。他们说，工厂里没有堆场，所以无法提货，这不能怪他们。袁庚提出到工厂去看看，确实没有堆场，但那是管理不善造成的，只要加以整顿，就完全可以清出堆场来。 <br />
<br />
As soon as this question was raised, the atmosphere became strained. Boss Shi was so excited that he called the financial manager and the chief engineer to haggle. They said there was no yard in the factory, so they could not take delivery of the goods, which could not blame them. Yuan Geng proposed to the factory to see. There was no storage yard indeed, but it was caused by mismanagement. As long as to rectify, they could completely clear a storage yard.<br />
<br />
施老板知道理亏，答应出一半堆放费。 <br />
<br />
Boss Shi knew that he was in the wrong position, promising to pay half of the stacking fee.<br />
<br />
事情没有解决，该吃午饭了，袁庚说下午再议。 <br />
<br />
The matter was not resolved. It was time to eat lunch, and Yuan Geng said to discuss it in the afternoon.<br />
<br />
午饭后的短暂时间，袁庚当机立断，做了我方人员的思想工作，说明吸引施先生投资办工厂不易，应从大处和远处着眼，做出让步。 <br />
<br />
In a short time after lunch, Yuan Geng made an immediate decision to do the ideological work of our staff, explaining that it was not easy to attract Mr. Shi to invest and run the factory, so they should look at the big picture and the long term, to make concessions.<br />
<br />
下午会一开始，施老板就不耐烦地说： <br />
<br />
As soon as the meeting started at noon, Boss Shi said impatiently:<br />
<br />
“袁老板，你拍板吧！工厂你招商局也有份的！” <br />
<br />
"Boss Yuan, you decide! Your Merchants Group take a share of the factory as well!"<br />
<br />
袁庚不紧不慢地说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said unhurriedly:<br />
<br />
“这件事，我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的，工厂怎能长期让它堆放在码头？工厂没有堆场，这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对，你们为什么不催货主提货，任凭这些钢铁长期堆放？难道只要有堆放费可收就行了？你们应当考虑工业区的全局利益，考虑如何促进生产。 <br />
<br />
"In this case, I think there is blame on both sides. Since the steel belongs to the factory, how can the factory let it be stacked at the pier for a long time? The factory does not have a store yard, which is caused by management chaos. The ports company is also wrong. Why didn't you urge the owner of the cargo to take delivery of the goods and let the steel pile up for a long time? Do you just need to have a stacking fee to collect? You should consider the overall interests of the industrial zone and consider how to promote production.<br />
<br />
“出现这样的问题，是第一次，我的意见，这一次堆放费就免了，下不为例，工厂必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。” <br />
<br />
"It is the first time that such a problem has occurred. My opinion is that the stacking fee will be waived this time, and it will not be repeated next time. And the factory must remove these steels as soon as possible."<br />
<br />
这种出乎意料的处理方式，使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说：“谢谢你，袁先生！我口服心服！工厂接受批评，一定限期运走。”之后施老板积极性大增，双方合作一直很好。 <br />
<br />
This unexpected treatment impressed Boss Shi, who was in his thirties. He stood up and said, "Thank you, Mr. Yuan! I was sincerely convinced! The factory accepted the criticism and must take them away within a certain time limit." Since then, Boss Shi had been more active and the cooperation between the two sides had been always very good.<br />
<br />
创造良好的投资环境，使投资方有利可图，才能进一步吸引外资，这一直是袁庚的一个指导思想。 <br />
<br />
Creating a good investment environment made investors profitable, and then further attracted foreign investment, which had been a guiding ideology of Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上，袁庚宣布装卸费减半，博得一阵热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解，后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光，这措施对吸引外资起了很好的作用。 <br />
<br />
In 1982, at the opening ceremony of the Shekou Branch of Nanyang Commercial Bank, Yuan Geng announced that the handling fee had been halved, which won a burst of warm applause. At that time, some comrades did not understand, and later the facts proved Yuan Geng's strategic vision. This measure played a good role in attracting foreign investment.<br />
<br />
在日本三洋（蛇口）公司的开业典礼上，袁庚风趣地对来宾说： <br />
<br />
At the opening ceremony of Japan Sanyo (Shekou) Company, Yuan Geng said humorously to the guests:<br />
<br />
“先生们，我们希望你们赚钱，你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, we hope you can make money, and we win when you make money."<br />
<br />
这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说： <br />
<br />
This certainly didn't mean in any way that we didn't want to make money. Yuan Geng also said to the bosses of Western oil companies:<br />
<br />
“先生们，我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来，那就看我的本事了。” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, I'm going to take money out of your pockets. And whether I can get the money depends on my ability."<br />
<br />
对这些坦率的语言，老板们总是报以掌声。 <br />
<br />
The bosses always applauded such frank words.<br />
<br />
但是，如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益，那就错了。 <br />
<br />
However, it would be wrong to think that Yuan Geng disregarded the principles of socialism and the interests of workers.<br />
<br />
在根本问题上，袁庚是坚定不移的。 <br />
<br />
On the fundamental issue, Yuan Geng was steadfast.<br />
<br />
1983年5月，由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震动整个工业区的事件。 <br />
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In May 1983, an incident that shook the entire industrial zone occurred at the Kaida Toy Factory, which was wholly owned and operated by Hong Kong Kaida Industries Limited.<br />
<br />
一个时期以来，这家工厂为了追求超额利润，强迫工人超时加班，有时干到凌晨4点甚至6点，一个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地，工人发病率急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为工业区人们议论的焦点。 <br />
<br />
For a period of time, in pursuit of super profits, this factory forced workers to work overtime, sometimes as late as 4 a.m. or even 6 a.m., with one worker doing the work of the two. Many workers fainted from exhaustion, and the morbidity rate of workers rose sharply. Those who refused to work overtime would be fired. The Kaida factory became the focus of discussion in the industrial zone.<br />
<br />
5月下旬，工业区召开首届团代会，凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季，接受了大量订单，正在拼命赶工。尽管团代会是晚上举行，并不占用正常的劳动时间，厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳萍平时劳动质量好，效率高，很少出差错，可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停工，罪名是”拒绝加班”。 <br />
<br />
In late May, the industrial zone held the first League Member Congress, and Zheng Yanping, a female worker in the Kaida factory was a representative of league members. However, at this time, the factory accepted a large number of orders to meet the key season for sales of International Children's Day, and was desperately trying to catch up with the work. Although the congress was held in the evening and didn't take up the normal working time, the factory still didn't allow Zheng Yanping to attend. Zheng Yanping usually had good labor quality and high efficiency, and rarely made mistakes, but because she attended the League Member Congress, the factory still unreasonably stopped her work with the charge of "refusing to work overtime".<br />
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工人们愤怒了！蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下，岂能任资本家为所欲为！ <br />
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The workers were angry! After all, Shekou was ruled by socialism. How could they let the capitalists do whatever they want!<br />
<br />
共青团管不了工厂的事，工会来管。 <br />
<br />
Matters beyond the Communist Youth League's control, could be controlled by trade union.<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的一个大厂，当时有1200多名工人，占工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候，管委会副主任熊秉权说：“凯达厂工会搞不起来，整个工业区等于没搞！”厂工会建立起来了，由工业区团委副书记端木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘，别看才23岁，已经做了三年团的专职干部，在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿舍，她就向工业区领导写过一个调查报告，当时招商局从全局考虑，没把这件事闹大，平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报工业区领导。 <br />
<br />
The Kaida factory was a large factory with early investment and a large number of workers in the industrial zone, which had more than 1200 workers, accounting for one-third of the total number of workers in the zone. When preparing for the establishment of trade union, Xiong Bingquan, the deputy director of the management committee, said: "If the Kaida factory trade union could not be organized, the entire industrial zone was not built too!" The factory trade union was established, and Duanmu Mo, the deputy secretary of the League Committee of the industrial zone, was also the chairman of the union. This girl with glasses from Lianyungang, Jiangsu, although only 23 years old, had been a full-time cadre of the league for three years, who was unequivocal on matters of principle. Last year, she wrote an investigation report to the leaders of the industrial zone about the illegal search of workers' dormitories in the Kaida factory. At that time, China Merchants Groups considered the big picture, and didn't escalate, resolving it peacefully. Now Duanmu Mo promptly reported the situation to the leaders of the industrial zone step by step.<br />
<br />
报告送到袁庚手里。 <br />
<br />
The report was sent to Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
袁庚没见过郑艳萍，但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道，近来更关心着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng had never met Zheng Yanping, but he had dealt with the female workers in the Kaida factory three years ago. Recently, he was more concerned about their recent situation. He had fatherly feelings for them.<br />
<br />
1981年，袁庚从香港过来，听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡，没有桌子写信，写信要在走廊里写，有些人想家流泪，马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心，安慰工人，答应三天内一定解决她们的困难，临走伸出小手指说： <br />
<br />
In 1981, Yuan Geng came from Hong Kong and heard that the female workers in the Kaida Factory had no hot water for bathing, no table for writing letters, who had written them in the corridor, and some of them were homesick with tears. So he immediately went to the dormitory with Liu Qinglin, the deputy director, and Yu Weiping, the office director, to visit the workers. He had a heart-to-heart talk with the workers, comforted them, promising to solve their problems within three days. Before leaving, he stretched out his little finger and said:<br />
<br />
“你们信不信我的话？要不要勾手指？” <br />
<br />
"Do you believe me or not? Do you want to have a pinkie promise?"<br />
<br />
姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲，脸上的愁云一扫而光，开朗地笑了：“我们相信！” <br />
<br />
The girls did not expect the commander-in-chief to be so amiable, and the sad clouds on their faces were swept away and they smiled broadly: "We believe you!"<br />
<br />
“我们相信！”这不是相信袁庚他个人，而是相信党，相信社会主义啊！如今厂方对待工人无理到这种地步，再让步就丧失原则了。 <br />
<br />
"We believe you!" This was not to believe in Yuan Geng personally, but to believe in the Party, to believe in socialism! Now the factory treated the workers unreasonably to such an extent, and it would be a loss of principle to give in again.<br />
<br />
他激动地在报告上批道： <br />
<br />
He excitedly criticized in the report:<br />
<br />
“加班应是自愿原则，要找资方严肃讲清楚，不准他们胡来。” <br />
<br />
"Overtime work should be voluntary. We should make it clear to the management seriously, and don’t allow them to mess about with it."<br />
<br />
替工人说话，帮郑艳萍复工，维护独资企业工人的合法权益，工会是责无旁贷的。 <br />
<br />
It was the duty of the trade union to speak for the workers, help Zheng Yanping to resume work, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the workers of the sole proprietorship.<br />
<br />
根据他的批示精神，端木默深入女工宿舍，反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加班，找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后，往往谈到一两点钟。有的工人怕老板报复，在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲，常在深夜去敲她的门。经过一个多月的艰苦劳动，终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委，赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强，工作认真负责，积极主动。 <br />
<br />
According to his instructions, Duanmu Mo went deep into the female workers' dormitory and repeatedly made a lot of investigations. As workers had to work overtime, she usually talked to workers after 12 o'clock at night, often talking to one or two o'clock. Some workers were afraid of retaliation from the boss, they didn't dare to talk in front of others in the dormitory, and often knocked on her door late at night. After more than a month of hard work, she finally mastered a large number of first-hand materials. The Shenzhen Federation of Trade Unions Working Group once wrote to the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone for it, praising Comrade Duanmu Mo for her high vigilance, strong organization, conscientious and responsible work, activeness and initiative.<br />
<br />
接着，在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切配合下，把工厂几年来违法的行为，包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍，侵犯人权，以及厂方无限制加班加点，给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来，整理成材料，向厂方提出：如不改正错误，就诉诸法律，寻求法律途径解决。 <br />
<br />
Then, under the specific guidance of the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone, the District Trade Union and the Shenzhen Federation of Trade Unions and with the close cooperation of all relevant departments, all the illegal acts of the factory over the past few years, including the illegal search of the workers' dormitories last year, human rights violations, and the unrestricted overtime required by the factory, which brought serious harm to the health of the workers, were collected and compiled into materials and proposed to the factory: If they didn't correct the mistakes, they would resort to the law, seeking legal solutions.<br />
<br />
厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下，厂主不得不答应给郑艳萍复工，补发停工期间的工资，工人加班自愿，每天加班时间控制在两小时以内。 <br />
<br />
The factory understands the consequences of resorting to the law. The law of value worked. With the efforts of many parties, the factory owner had to promise to allow Zheng Yanping back to work, compensating the wages during the suspension period. And the workers worked overtime voluntarily, with overtime hours limited to less than two hours a day.<br />
<br />
斗争胜利了。 <br />
<br />
The struggle was won.<br />
<br />
原来很普通的女工郑艳萍，在斗争中受到锻炼，成了凯达厂工会副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默，现在已由工业区组干处推荐，考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系，凯达厂工会工作的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了。 <br />
<br />
Zheng Yanping, a very ordinary female worker before, was trained in the struggle and became the vice president of the trade union of the Kaida factory and a women's commissioner of the trade union of the industrial zone. Duanmu Mo, who had majored in English in Lianyungang for two years, was now recommended by the Division of Organizing Cadres of the industrial zone and enrolled in the business management department of Shenzhen University's cadre training course, and the burden of trade union work in the Kaida factory fell on her shoulders.<br />
<br />
工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争，这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯达厂开工以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口“到底姓社还是姓资”的人，也可以从这里得出必要的结论。 <br />
<br />
All the sole proprietorships and joint ventures in the industrial zone had seen this struggle, and the victory of this struggle was our total comeback against a series of bad behaviors of the Kaida factory since it started work. Those who doubted whether Shekou was surnamed "Socialism or Capitalism" could draw the necessary conclusions from here.<br />
<br />
十四、玫瑰之城 <br />
<br />
XIV. The City of Roses<br />
<br />
“袁庚考虑方针大计，包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了10万元专款，还从北京请来了二刘。”工业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。（今年4月，比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任，他改任副主任，这就是能上能下。） <br />
<br />
"The major policies and measures Yuan Geng considered included planting roses to beautify Shekou. He took out a special loan of 100,000 yuan from the bank and invited Double Liu from Beijing." Comrade Yu Weiping, former office director of the industrial zone and now deputy director of the office, introduced to me. (In April this year, Gu Liji, who was younger than him, became the director of the office, and he became the deputy director. That was being able to take a lower as well as a higher post.)<br />
<br />
二刘，就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹一。 <br />
<br />
Double Liu, was Yuan Geng's old friends Liu Yamin and Liu Danyi.<br />
<br />
刘丹一，江苏海门人，祖先以种花和养盆景出名，有“田状元”之称，他自己也从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后，没有了种花的闲情逸致，“十年动乱”中靠边站，这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历史较短，才三年，但由于潜心研究，也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北京月季花协会的理事，各自种着几百棵月季。 <br />
<br />
Liu Dan Yi, from Haimen, Jiangsu Province, whose ancestor was famous for flower planting and Bonsai cultivation and was known as the "Number One Scholar in Farmland", also loved flower planting since he was a child. After he joined the New Fourth Army in 1940, he did not have time and mood to grow flowers. When he stood aside during the "Ten Years of Turmoil", he picked up the hobby again. The flowers he planted were quite famous in Beijing. Liu Yamin had a shorter history of planting flowers, only three years, but due to his dedicated research, he was also an expert in planting flowers. Both of them were directors of the Beijing China Roses Association, and each of them planted hundreds of China roses.<br />
<br />
67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部，工资不低，又都有美满的家庭，本应在首都安享天伦之乐，但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到蛇口来了。 <br />
<br />
67-year-old Liu Yamin and 64-year-old Liu Danyi were both retired. They were quite responsible cadres. Their wages were not low, and they had happy families, so they should have enjoyed their happy lives in the capital, but Yuan Geng "instigated" them to Shekou.<br />
<br />
“不是袁庚请，我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。 <br />
<br />
"If Yuan Geng hadn't invited us, we wouldn't have come." said Liu Yamin, a tall and strong old man.<br />
<br />
刘丹一还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人，北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉，袁庚亲自写信把他聘请了来，充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人，作家沈从文的表侄，画家黄永玉的表弟，他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北京父母身边，因为语言不通，9岁オ开始上小学。读了9年书，初中毕业那年碰上“文化大革命”，进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”，把工厂的花盆全砸了，院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了，这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可怜那些花木和小树，晚上，他偷偷地把一棵小枣树带回家，栽在院子里，同时开始种起花来。他没有更高的境界，只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西；故乡的山花多美呀，为什么在北京就不能种呢？从此他和花结下了不解之缘。 <br />
<br />
Liu Danyi also recommended a young man, Long Quan, 36 years old, a director of the Beijing China Roses Association, to Yuan Geng. Yuan personally wrote a letter to hire him to serve as Double Liu's assistant. Long Quan was a native of the Tujia ethnic group in western Hunan, a cousin of the writer Shen Congwen and a cousin of the painter Huang Yongyu, whose father was a professor at the Central Academy of National Minorities. He grew up in his hometown until he was 7 years old and then came to live with his parents in Beijing. Because of the language difficulties, he didn't go to elementary school until he was 9 years old. After studying for 9 years, he encountered the "Cultural Revolution" when he graduated from middle school and became an apprentice in a Beijing Automobile Factory. The Red Guards entered the factory to Attack on the Four Olds, smashing all the plant pots and uprooting the jujube trees as thick as the thumb in the yard, which the simple Tujia man could not understand in any way. He took pity on the flowers and small trees. At night, he secretly took a small jujube tree home and planted it in the courtyard. At the same time, he began to plant flowers. He didn't have a higher realm, but just instinctively felt that he should love and protect beautiful things; how beautiful the flowers on the hills in his hometown were, and why couldn't he plant flowers in Beijing? From then on, he had an inseparable relationship with flowers.<br />
<br />
他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部，却把全部业余时间花在种花上，到了入迷的程度。经过十几年风雨，院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了；他种的400多株玫瑰，年年换代，驰名京华。别看他没上过大学，北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究生，也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展，展出400多个品种，3000多盆，其中就有他送展的20盆花，每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前来参观，他陪同介绍，园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻轻，貌不惊人，而且颇为土气，就故意考他，指着一株名花问他那是什么品种，他不假思索地答道： <br />
<br />
He later became a cadre of the Nationality Printing Press Factory, but he spent all his spare time on planting flowers to the extent of obsession. After more than a decade of wind and rain, the jujube tree in the courtyard had grown up and fruited; he planted more than 400 roses, blooming every year, which was famous in Beijing. Although he hadn't been to college, but the graduate students of Professor Chen Junyu, the director of Department of the Horticulture in Beijing Forestry College, also asked him to give lectures. In May 1983, Beijing held the third Moonflower Exhibition, displaying more than 400 varieties and 3,000 pots, including 20 pots of flowers he sent to the exhibition with one variety per pot. Marianne, an expert from the Federal France, came to visit and he accompanied her to introduce, with a chief engineer from the Bureau of Parks acting as a translator. Seeing that he was young, homely, and a little bit rustic, the expert deliberately tested him, pointing to a famous flower and asking him what variety it was. He replied without thinking:<br />
<br />
“这是贵国的‘明星’、世界十大名种的第三名，在20世纪70年代是最好的。” <br />
<br />
"This is the 'star' of your country, the third in the world's top ten species, which was the best in the 1970s."<br />
<br />
联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实，龙泉不但能识别数百个品种，而且知道许多品种的来历和传说，谈起来如数家珍。 <br />
<br />
The expert from Federal Germany was greatly surprised. In fact, Long Quan could not only identify hundreds of varieties, but also knew the origin and legends of many of them, and he was very familiar with them when talking about them.<br />
<br />
5月6日，他带着600株花苗，乘飞机到达广州，当天工业区的汽车便把他接到蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话，问他是否适应这里的生活，他说：“要做开拓者，决不当逃兵！”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上，5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京，一个月后，再次带了4000多株苗回来。 <br />
<br />
On May 6, he arrived in Guangzhou by plane with 600 seedlings, and a car from the industrial zone took him to Shekou that day. On the 8th, Yuan Geng talked with him and asked him whether he adapted to life here, and he said, "I want to be a pioneer, and will never be a deserter!" The survival rate of the seedlings he brought was over 90%. On May 17, Yuan Geng asked him to follow Liu Danyi back to Beijing, and a month later, he brought back more than 4,000 seedlings again.<br />
<br />
如今老少三人住着工业区的一套三房一厅，客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电视机，煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准，他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他们自得其乐。每天上午，两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃，顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、施肥；龙泉则早出晚归，整天待在苗圃和工人一起干。 <br />
<br />
Now the three young and old men lived in an apartment with three rooms and one living room in the industrial zone. There were only a few rattan chairs and a black-and-white TV in the living room, and they cooked and washed clothes by themselves. According to the standard of Shekou, their life was humble. But they enjoyed it. Every morning, the two old men walked 20 minutes to the nursery, under the burning sun to guide workers to graft and fertilize; Long Quan went out early in the morning and went back home late at night, staying in the nursery and working all day with workers.<br />
<br />
我对种花是外行，听他们谈花经，得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来的。”刘亚民老人对我说，“任何花果，不嫁接就退化。比如桃树，再好的桃子，把核种下去长出来就是毛桃，不能吃，只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉，就更复杂了。” <br />
<br />
I was a layman in planting flowers, and l benefited a lot when I listened to them talk about their experience of planting flowers. "Good varieties were created by grafting and hybridization." Liu Yamin said to me, "Any flowers and fruits will degenerate without grafting. For example, no matter how good a peach is, it will bear wild peaches when its kernel was planted, which can't eat. The tree can only be used as the rootstock for grafting. Hybridization needs to be hand-pollinated, which is even more complicated."<br />
<br />
我心里却想，蛇口的改革，不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗？多年来我们闭关自守，总以为自己的体制最纯，好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上，结果怎么样呢？大家都知道了。杂交出新，这恐怕是一条普遍规律，包括写文章在内，不能老是墨守成规。 <br />
<br />
But I thought to myself that wasn't the reform of Shekou also a sense of grafting and hybridization? For many years we closed the door on ourselves, always thinking that our own system was the purest, as if Marx only sat on our bed, and what was the result? We all knew. New products were created by hybridization, which was even a universal law, including writing articles that could not always stick to established practice.<br />
<br />
龙泉年轻，想得更多一些。他说，中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载，外国原来只有一般的玫瑰，没有四季开花的月季，月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后约瑟芬的玫瑰园里，就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后，随着国家的衰弱，月季的种植也凋零了，现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会，我们中国还没有，只是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流，我们拿不出什么优良品种。外国人感兴趣的古老品种，像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等，已经很难寻了。 <br />
<br />
Long Quan was young and thought a little more. He said that there were records of moonflowers in China since the Jin Dynasty. There were only ordinary roses in foreign countries, but no China roses blooming all year round. The China rose came from China. In the rose garden of Josephine, the queen of Napoleon, there were China roses introduced from China. After the Opium War, with the weakening of the country, the planting of China roses also faded. Now there were China rose associations in the United States, Japan, Germany, France and other countries, but China didn't have one yet. Only Beijing, Shanghai and other cities just established it. People wanted to exchange with us, but we couldn't take out any good varieties. The old varieties that foreigners were interested in, like green rose, Ardisia faberi, Paul Neyron, Old Blush, etc., were already hard to find.<br />
<br />
“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
<br />
“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
<br />
“你有什么打算?”<br />
<br />
“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
<br />
“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
<br />
“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
<br />
在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
<br />
十五、激动的工程师<br />
<br />
7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
<br />
蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
<br />
边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
<br />
“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
<br />
的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
<br />
“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
<br />
46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
<br />
他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
<br />
王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
<br />
袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
<br />
管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
<br />
当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
<br />
“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
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“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
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“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
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“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
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“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
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“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
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“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
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“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
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“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
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了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
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父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
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“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
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当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
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“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
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“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
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“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
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“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
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第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
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12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
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1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
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王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
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“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
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“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
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“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
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“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
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“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
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“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
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“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
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王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
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十六、年轻的总经理<br />
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一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
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“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
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说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
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“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
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只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
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她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
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“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
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这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
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“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
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“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
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郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
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“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
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我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
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“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
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我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
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“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
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我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
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“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
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真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
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“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
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我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
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告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
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我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
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对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
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袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
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袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
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“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
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“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
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“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
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“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
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这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
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我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
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有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
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后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
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在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=155824Report CN EN 032023-06-13T10:21:31Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：10.热血男儿Hot-blooded Man */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情Obsession==<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with Long Hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies were always covered; whereas in the West, people loved nudity, which seemed to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个ー丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there was a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush and painting a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting was not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, had you ever thought that some of us would cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us would stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, would come like snowflakes. You might even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Were you fearless, or seized by a whim? You were out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he was painting.<br />
<br />
他站在一间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着一支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着ー张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stood in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looked disheveled, and his bosom was stained with different colors. His hair was long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there was a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exactly did you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound Train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it was today. The platforms were clean, the corridors were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the regions south of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North…<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像一块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, and cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man--that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes…"<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me…"<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows — the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"On a business trip? Or visit family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student at Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone…"<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What…"<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break…"<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man!"<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. The resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
"So I don't understand art…"<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多少欢聚与悲离的 故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉一线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小伙子,而是一个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
During the long journey, as the young people of the same generation, it was the fate to meet each other in this running train! In life, many stories of reunion and departure were drawn by the heavy line across the land! The girl was close to the small table by the window, resting her chin in the hand, listening to the young man talk, and watching his expression. It seemed that he was not a young guy, but a strong and confident man. Calculating his age, he was even a few years older than the girl. Why did he give that illusion before? Alas, the age of men was really hard to guess...<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为一个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是一个有抱负、有才华的人!”<br />
<br />
Out of the female’s sensitivity, the girl suddenly felt shy and embarrassed. The condescending arrogance that she had just showed was now reversed and replaced by her hazy admiration. The girl looked at the painter's dress again, and the non-matching colors of black and red were not so conspicuous. Although the painter's cotton jacket was still so black, the collar of the underwear was still so crooked, and the hair was still so disheveled, in the eyes of the girl, they all became the evidence that the young man was a bachelor who was immersed in art and had no time to take care of himself, which touched the girl's heart of compassion: "It seems that he is an ambitious and talented man!"<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
The painter took out his drawing board, spread the paper and said to the girl, "Please allow me to make a sketch of you."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
The girl nodded her head.<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简直像一个拙笨的新手。好半天,才抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
The painter drew very slowly, feeling ill at ease. The more he tried to draw well, the more nervous he became, and the brush was out of control. He was like a clumsy novice. After a long time, he apologized and said, "Sorry, I didn’t draw well…"<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来一看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会”了画家的灵犀。<br />
<br />
When the girl took it and looked, two red clouds rose on her cheeks. This sketch was not as good as the one of the mechanic, and those rigid lines were flaws of the work. To say it bluntly, she looked uglier in the painting than she really was. Is that what I look like? The girl had a reason to make a protest. However, she understood and forgave the painter with a sweet smile. Honestly, she didn't even want to see him too calm, too relaxed, like facing the model in the studio. The girl no longer regarded "resemblance in appearance" as so important, and she “understood tacitly” the painter's spirit.<br />
<br />
画纸的一角是签名和年月——袁运生,画于1964年2月。<br />
<br />
In one corner of the paper were the signature and date--Yuan Yunsheng, painted in February 1964.<br />
<br />
画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "Give it to you."<br />
<br />
姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
<br />
The girl said, "Thank you, I’ll keep it as a memory."<br />
<br />
“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信地址?”<br />
<br />
"You see, I was so careless that I forgot to ask your name." The painter said, "Could you write down your mailing address?"<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
<br />
The girl smiled: "My name is Zhang Lanying." And she wrote down the address on the painter's sketchbook.<br />
<br />
火车抵达浦口,他们已经像一对熟识的老朋友了。从一个艺术型的医学院学生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
<br />
When the train arrived in Pukou, they already looked like two old friends. Many common temperaments could be found between an artistic medical student and a serious artist. The passengers on the same train thought they had known each other for a long time and treated them as a couple, saying goodbye to them with the appellation of “you two”.<br />
<br />
画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空一样清澈,像江水一样深沉……<br />
<br />
The painter sent the girl to the shore of the Yangtze River, a wet wind blowing from the river. It was time to part, and both of them were reluctant to leave. Lanying looked at Yuan Yunsheng with the warm and fond gaze, and that means everything! As clear as the sky, as deep as the river…<br />
<br />
呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江交织起来的一见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
Heh! Pretty girl, you were too sentimental. Did you know him? The story of love at first sight, woven by the main Beijing-Pukou line and the winding Yangtze River, was too indiscreet.<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
<br />
The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River <br />
<br />
在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,一只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认真地涂抹着油彩,画出一个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
<br />
In the days of glorious morning light of the 1950s, a young boy's delicate hand, holding a paintbrush, was earnestly spreading the paint on the linen to draw a little girl with the same earnest expression, who was imitating her sister's movement, tying a bright red scarf around her neck.<br />
<br />
这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐一样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
<br />
This oil painting was sent from Nantong in Jiangsu Province to Beijing as an assignment for applying for the highest academy of arts, presenting the young painter’s sparkling artistic talent and a crystal-clear heart. The title was "Growing up to be like my sister", painted by Yuan Yunsheng.<br />
<br />
看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年除夕送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出一批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的艺术功底。<br />
<br />
When looking at this oil painting, people might think that the painter had a soft and gentle femininity. In fact, he was just the opposite. He was stubborn and unrestrained, like a boisterous colt. His love of painting since childhood was mainly influenced by his father. His father worked in a middle school in Nantong. In his spare time, he enthusiastically collected various fine art works. Every year on the New Year’s Eve, they would bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new, and his father would always hang a number of new paintings on the wall, including Chinese and foreign ones, like a small exhibition, full of the atmosphere of the art salon. The paintings collected at home gave Yuan Yunsheng some enlightenment in art. When he got a little bit older, he went to the Cultural Center in Nantong to participate in activities, attend lectures, learn to sketch, and paint, laying the first foundation of art.<br />
<br />
当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来一副犟脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
<br />
When he applied to the Central Academy of Fine Arts, his father said with worry: "The boy was born with stubbornness, which makes us uneasy."<br />
<br />
哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,一个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人 需要有个性。”<br />
<br />
His brother Yuan Yunfu, who was also involved in fine art, kept cheering him on: "Go ahead. people involved in fine art needs to have a personality."<br />
<br />
1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
<br />
In the summer of 1955, the Central Academy of Fine Arts announced the admission of new students, Yuan Yunsheng ranking the first.<br />
<br />
如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画派。这是19世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画就像一部小说或一出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝圣者像请佛一样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
<br />
If Yuan Yunsheng's work for the entrance examination could be classified as a certain school of art, it would be the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions. It was a progressive school of painting that emerged in Russia in the 19th century. It simulated life, emphasized themes, and focused on plot. A painting was like a novel or a play. It inherited Rembrandt’s tradition of realism and absorbed the Impressionism’s achievements in the use of light and color. After the October Revolution, it enjoyed the supreme position in the Soviet art circle and was invited to China by Chinese pilgrims, like inviting the Buddha. Of course, Yuan Yunsheng, only 17 years old, did not know the essence of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, let alone that the school of art was linked to the school of politics.<br />
<br />
他像奔跑在艺术山野 里的小鹿,一头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
<br />
Like a fawn running in the wilderness of art, he bumped into the arms of Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions.<br />
<br />
袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身 好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件 和艺术才能的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖力气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严格的训练——<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng was highly regarded by the academy. He was born in a good family (it was rare to have such a family background at that time) and excelled in the examination. He sat in the first-year classroom with a nimbus of political condition and artistic talent hanging over his head. He was elected as the commissary of Communist Youth League in charge of organization, who was totally the epitome of a socialist-minded and professionally competent man. He was also a real hard worker, and was very stubborn, taking everything seriously. Under the guidance of Soviet-style teaching methods, he received strict training--<br />
<br />
挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与被画者保持绝对的耐性 。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面 ”,画上一整天,只画了半个头像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履的中年人走过来,这是礼聘 来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供同学们观摩。<br />
<br />
Choosing a HB pencil, and sharpening it, and sketching in front of male and female models. The models were recruited at a very high price, both nude and non-nude. Under certain lights, the painter and the object stayed absolutely patient. He sketched out the outline at first, figured out the “light and plane”, and then drew all day long, only to have half picture of the head; the next day, the same scene was repeated under the same conditions; then, a middle-aged man with a high nose and deep eyes, dressed in a suit, came over, who was an expert invited cordially. Whenever he passed behind Yuan Yunsheng, his face often showed a look of satisfaction. Yuan Yunsheng got five points for all his sketches and oil paintings, which were sometimes hung in the classroom or in the corridor for students to watch.<br />
<br />
这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉柯夫教学体系。-袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀——苏联在中国土地上开办的艺术工厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
<br />
That year, a sketch and oil painting teaching conference of national fine art academies was held in Beijing to promote the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union. A half-length portrait of a Chinese woman painted by Yuan Yunsheng was shown off on the conference--a standard mode produced by the art factory of the Soviet Union in China.<br />
<br />
苏联专家的宠儿 ,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
<br />
He was the favorite of the Soviet experts, and the pride of the Oil Painting Department. He had a lot of success and a bright future. He immersed himself in the painting all day long, with his hand keeping waving, like a devout disciple prostrating himself before his art idol, and praying that his soul would ascend to the temple of art, seating on a throne surrounded by roses with a crown of pearls… It was the highest ideal for college students majoring in oil painting at that time.<br />
<br />
但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
<br />
But the naive faith was not solid, like an edifice built on a thin and narrow foundation, which could easily collapse. Once it was subverted, it could cause endless troubles.<br />
<br />
苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便朝那里走去。他停在一帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来一阵电灼般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
<br />
Distress had come to him, and he brought it upon himself. One morning, he heard that there was an exhibition of paintings being held in the hall, and went there. He stopped in front of a sequence of copies of the oil paintings, casting a calm glance upon it, and his whole body felt an electric sensation. His heart was shaking, and his blood was boiling.<br />
<br />
这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风 的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的感情,像酒一样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
<br />
These were the works of the European Post-Impressionist painter Van Gogh, with ordinary and simple images: fields, haystacks, a clock reflected by the setting sun, and sunflowers in clay pots. In addition, there were some portraits of ordinary people: postmen, miners, movers, and inmates who were released for yard time. In these unpretentious pictures, the author poured out the strongest feelings, as strong as wine, like a flame burning!<br />
<br />
看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格 。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生——向日葵,仿佛摇身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探求……这哪里是绘画呀 ,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每一线条和每一色块都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
<br />
Look, the jagged trees were rebellious. The undulating earth seemed to tell of suffering. <br />
The painter poured deep feelings into those ordinary people. The still-life painting --sunflowers, seemed to turn into a living thing, stretching out its jumble of tentacles to the frozen space, capturing, swaying, and indefatigably seeking… It was not a painting, but a call of the painter's life, a representation of his character! Every line and every color block were flowing, coming through invisible channels to clamp people, annihilate them to a great vortex of emotion…<br />
<br />
袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被一支锐利的艺术之箭射穿了。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng walked out of the hall, with his legs wobbling, as if he was drunk, was hurt. His heart was pierced by a sharp arrow of art.<br />
<br />
他回到宿舍,一头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高才生转瞬间变成西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
<br />
He went back to the dormitory and threw himself onto the bed. It was ironic that a top student of the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union became a captive of the Western European Post-Impressionism in an instant.<br />
<br />
宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地问 :“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
<br />
When the door of the dormitory opened, his roommate came in. Seeing him pale and tired, he asked in surprise, "Yunsheng, what happened to you?"<br />
<br />
“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
<br />
"I went to see an exhibition of Van Gogh's paintings." Yuan Yunsheng sat up in bed and said, "I've never been so excited by the works of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions..."<br />
<br />
他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的基础。有这个就够了。下一步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚 。<br />
<br />
He expressed his thoughts. In his opinion, the merit of Soviet painting theory lied in the emphasis on placing the object under certain light, observing the levels and hues with a subtle look, and tracing it carefully, which was the basis of all paintings. It was enough. The next step was to break free and move forward, not to limit themselves.<br />
<br />
他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧上了天 ,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在干着什么蠢事呀? ……<br />
<br />
He was right. Throughout the history of art, each school had its own process of formation, development, vicissitudes, and ups and downs. The Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions deserved its place in the art circle without dispute. But once it was praised to the skies, and promoted by administrative means, it would be counterproductive and bring suffocating disaster to the art. In fact, in the 1950s, painters all over the world, including Soviet painters, were running, exploring and innovating. And how stupid we were! ...<br />
<br />
袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头 ,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng said excitedly: "We follow behind them and pick up what they have thrown away!"<br />
<br />
好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,一个几亿人的社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎 。<br />
<br />
His good friends were familiar with his character and sympathized with his comments, but they worried about him. At that time, a society of hundreds of millions of people prostrated itself before Soviet idols, and his words were tantamount to a form of blasphemy.<br />
<br />
从那以后,他变得不大安分了, 一头温驯的伏尔加式的 小鹿,现出烈性马驹的本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标。<br />
<br />
From then on, he became rebel. A tame fawn, like the one on the Volga car, showed the true colors of a boisterous colt. In addition to completing the homework as usual, he improvised with mixed painting techniques, as if he was pursuing an ethereal goal.<br />
<br />
目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
<br />
The goal, was finally found, unexpectedly close at hand.<br />
<br />
从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭一张学生证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹…… <br />
<br />
From the Shuaifuyuan where the Central Academy of Fine Arts was located, crossing the big roundabout between Wangfujing and Bamiancao, the Donghua Gate of the National Palace Museum was about a mile away. At that time, students from the Academy of Fine Arts enjoyed a special privilege. They could freely enter the imperial garden of ancient Chinese art with only a student ID card. Here he saw Chen Laolian’s “Bogu Yezi (A kind of card played while drinking in ancient China)” in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan’s “Qingming Shanghe Tu (Along the River During the Qingming Festival)” in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a large number of authentic works of famous painters of the Tang Dynasty…<br />
<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
<br />
His favorite work was the "Luo Shen Fu (The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River)" by Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.<br />
<br />
长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象力!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人,栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱翔……<br />
<br />
Long scroll, romantic conception, how imaginative! The landscape was peaceful and spacious, with quiet and wonderful rivers and mountains; the figures were lifelike, dancing in the air. Was the resemblance in appearance? Was the resemblance in spirit? Between likeness and unlikeness, that was the author's mind soaring…<br />
<br />
他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条表现出高超的魅力。<br />
<br />
He put his eyes close to the scroll. The brush strokes, appearing ageless for thousands of years, like the spring silkworms spinning fine and exquisite silk, drew freely. He thought of the Soviet oil painting theory that denied the existence of lines. But in Chinese painting, the general and terse lines showed the high charm.<br />
<br />
站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他的思绪如抛出的一缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
<br />
Standing in this ancient resplendent hall, a long flowing river of art swept passed by before his eyes, and his thoughts stretched out like a wisp of gossamer. If we compared the fashionable Western art and the ancient Oriental art to two poles, there seemed to be something between the two poles that was closely related. Oh, he understood. When we got into a mut, ignored what was near and seek what was far away, those elves and devils of abstractionism, fauvism, modernism and futurism quietly got essence and extracted nutrients from the Oriental art to strengthen their bodies. That was the secret.<br />
<br />
祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
<br />
Motherland, your art is not water, not wine, not milk, but the magical royal jelly!<br />
<br />
虎丘<br />
<br />
Huqiu<br />
<br />
兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
<br />
After parting with the painter in Pukou, Lanying returned to school in Suzhou. In the blink of an eye, it was March. With spring breeze and newly sprouted willow trees, the town of flowing water under bridges liked a young girl, who was unveiled, affectionate with a lot of charm. <br />
<br />
姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
<br />
The girl's state of mind was also bright like waking spring.<br />
<br />
她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认识一下,如果手头有照片,请寄来一张。<br />
<br />
She received the painter’s letter from Nantong. The style of writing was free and easy. In the girl’s words: "The level is quite high!" The letter recalled the unforgettable scene on the train and expressed his feelings of missing her. He also said that his parents and brothers would like to get to know the girl, and if she had photos, please sent one.<br />
<br />
兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选一张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息一样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
<br />
Lanying opened the photo album without hesitation, selected a small photo, attached a short reply, and sent it to Nantong. This small act contained an unusual meaning, just like the shortest electromagnetic microwave can transmit significant information, it clearly expressed: the girl agreed to be his girlfriend.<br />
<br />
兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
<br />
Lanying's upbringing conditioned her to making her own decisions. She was born in Shandong province and grew up in the regions south of the Yangtze River. After her parents died, she moved with the troops from childhood. Wherever she went, it was her home, and she developed the ability to live independently. Over the years, she always received the warmth from the group and her female companions, but was never constrained. Perhaps she was a bit spoiled and coaxed by others, which made her form a stubborn personality.<br />
<br />
此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,一见钟情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
<br />
At the moment, she had a novel feeling that she was happier than the people around her. Because she had a right man in her heart, who affected her emotions. She silently enjoyed the secret pleasure of the young girl in love for the first time. She even imagined that once the secret was revealed, how surprised and envious her female companions would be! In their minds, her vison was very high. She was great looking and came from a privileged background. No male classmates dared to develop a relationship with her. It was not easy to take her fancy. It was done so artfully, neither by her parents’ choice, nor by the match-maker’s recommendation. She met him on a trip, and fell in love at first sight, bringing everything lime a whirlwind, so that the girl was full of desire for a better life. It was really romantic! So, she wove the future scenarios with sweet silk, anxiously waiting for the response from Nantong. Did he receive her letter? Would the painter's parents comment her when looking at her photo? Was she too pretty, or not enough? Alas! It was really hard to guess… The girl's heart was like the weather in the south of the Yangtze River in March. The temperature and weather changed abruptly.<br />
<br />
学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
<br />
The school was preparing for the Women's Day celebration. Lanying was the commissary in charge of entertainment of the class, a major role that bore a heavy burden of responsibility. The time passed quickly as she arranged the programs, made a blackboard newspaper, and decorated the venue.<br />
<br />
“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄起话筒,一惊一喜——那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
<br />
On Woman’s Day, the curtain was opened, and everyone was watching the stage. Suddenly someone called Lanying to answer the phone. She took up the microphone, and was surprised and delighted--it was the painter calling from the school's reception office.<br />
<br />
兰英极力掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,一阵风似的跑到学校的门口。<br />
<br />
Lanying tried to hide his excitement, turned to the students, vaguely explained a few words, and ran to the school gate like a gust of wind.<br />
<br />
画家站在那里,手中照例拿着一个速写本。<br />
<br />
The painter stood there, holding a sketchbook in his hand as usual.<br />
<br />
“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
<br />
"When did you arrive?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I just got off the train. I was passing through here after the home leave." The painter said.<br />
<br />
“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
<br />
"Please come in, do you … want to draw some sketches for our celebration?"<br />
<br />
“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……” <br />
<br />
"Not going in. I'd like to invite you out for a walk…"<br />
<br />
兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意味着向人生的一个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
<br />
Lanying hesitated for a moment. She was willing to accept the request, but also felt embarrassed. Since she entered the period of youth and became mature, Lanying spent this day with her female companions every year. Today she was going to leave her group, which meant saying goodbye to a stage of life. She thought about the discipline of the school, the opinion of classmates...<br />
<br />
“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
<br />
"Where are we going?" Lanying asked shyly.<br />
<br />
“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
<br />
"Huqiu." The painter's expression did not change.<br />
<br />
当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
<br />
When they got off the bus and stood at the foot of Huqiu Hill, the girl's uneasy heart was quieted down and relaxed. <br />
<br />
和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深”。沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
<br />
Compared with the small gardens in Suzhou City, Huqiu was a broad and quiet place to visit. The first two lines of Bai Juyi's poem on Huqiu were " The temple doesn't look far away, but it's very deep in the garden.” Walking along the stone path to the garden, there were many pines and cypresses, clear and blue sword pool, thick and tall groves of bamboo hiding the buildings and pavilions on the hillside: Temple of Chloris, Three Smiles pavilion... Walking deeper and there was more quiet, like walking into a sweet dream.<br />
<br />
这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在一起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
<br />
It was the first time Lanying had been alone with a man. There were mysterious waves in the girl’s heart. She felt that she had a lot to say to the painter, but she didn't know where to start.<br />
<br />
“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
<br />
"Have you received the photo?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I received. My family saw it and they all like you." The painter said.<br />
<br />
可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术。他对这一带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而倾倒。<br />
<br />
But the painter soon changed the subject. He commented on the local customs and culture of Suzhou and introduced the plastic art of the regions south of the Yangtze River. He seemed to be familiar with the area and knew a lot of anecdotes. The girl listened to him with great interest and was overwhelmed with admiration by the painter's profound knowledge.<br />
<br />
前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去 ,仿佛在祝福这一对美好的情侣。突然,一股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
<br />
Huqiu Pagoda was just ahead. The towering spire thrust into the blue sky and white clouds, magnificent and magical. Lanying and the painter ran towards the top of the hill with excitement. The painter stretched out his strong arm to support the girl. They were so close to each other, feeling the heat of each other's breath and heart beating. Pines, cypresses, and bamboo forests swayed backwards, as if they were blessing the wonderful couple. Suddenly, with a blazing feeling, they both stopped at the same time.<br />
<br />
这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰一样醉红,双唇像微微绽开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己一样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后一瞬……<br />
<br />
Here was surrounded by hills and trees, empty and silent. The painter stared at the girl with a frank and honest look; Lanying closed her eyes happily, ready to receive a baptism of love that would never be forgotten. The golden sunlight, through the branches of the trees, cast waving shadows on the girl’s face. Her cheeks were as red as roses, and her lips were like slightly blooming petals, more beautiful than usual. What a pure girl. Opening the window of her heart, there wasn’t any trace of dust and impurities. Although it was her second meeting with the painter, she trusted him and life as she trusted herself. Hold her tight, kiss her with fervor. She would be yours forever, from now until the last moment of your life…<br />
<br />
“兰英,我要告诉你一件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是‘右派’！”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I’ll tell you something." What she heard at this moment was the painter’s calm voice, “The first time was too late and the second time is not too late. I was classed as a 'rightist' when I was in college. Really, it was the 'rightist'!”<br />
<br />
霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
<br />
All of a sudden, the hills and trees, the ancient pagoda, were frozen in a deathly silence…<br />
<br />
孤岛上<br />
On a Lonely Island<br />
<br />
到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。1957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
<br />
Have you ever been to an island of the sea? The water and sky seemed to be mixed up together. The clouds came and went, and tide rose and fell. The island was a poem, a fresh and meaningful poem. At the turn of spring and summer in 1957, Yuan Yunsheng was in a poetic environment.<br />
<br />
他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
<br />
He went deep into the life on the island and practice drawing from nature. The Central Academy of Fine Arts required that second-year students had a two-month internship course; before the summer vacation, students went to different parts of the country. He and another student were the only ones who participated in the trip to the island. It was located on the shore of the Yellow Sea. There were only troops on the island, and no residents for miles around. The island provided him with a fortunate environment, getting away from the noise and disputes of the human world, and escaping the violent turmoil that happened in the mainland.<br />
<br />
小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体 ,心情是焦渴的。当蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
<br />
People on the island were closest to nature. Every morning, carrying the paint box on his back, he wandered on the beach covered with light yellow gravel and welcomed the first ray of happy sunshine. At the age of only eighteen, Yuan Yunsheng had already stood out from the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions and became a hazy composite of Chinese Classicism Painting and Western Modernism Painting, who was anxious. The blue sea sprinkled ten thousand golden stars and the sunglow filled his heart with brilliant colors. It was the moment when the young artist's life was burning. He hurriedly opened the paint box, spread the canvas and accepted the generous offer of nature.<br />
<br />
小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左右,才有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
<br />
The island was simple. Politics was proportional to the population, and there were fewer political topics here. Only a barge arrived to deliver newspapers and mail every ten days or so. While he and his companion were eating, they hastily opened the newspapers and skim through them. He was curious about the articles that appeared in the newspaper:<br />
<br />
“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好啦……”<br />
<br />
"Beijing is allowing the people to express their views now. This article is interesting. This opinion should be adopted. Changing it like this will be good…"<br />
<br />
他看完报纸一扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块和线条的运用。<br />
<br />
He threw the newspaper away after reading it and then forgot about it. He did not care about anything else except painting. His road of life was bright, full of sunshine, with no clouds hanging over him and nothing to worry about. All he cared about was the use of light, color blocks and lines.<br />
<br />
年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队的宣传干事带到一间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
<br />
The only political question the young artist faced was raised by the local soldiers. One day, he was taken to a humble shed by a publicity officer of the troops, and a pair of trusting eyes were cast upon him.<br />
<br />
“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, you have asked to go to another island to paint, right?"<br />
<br />
“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
<br />
"Yes, we want to go there."<br />
<br />
“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
<br />
"The troops have studied it. You can go, but your classmate stays."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查 。你们学校填写了两份材料,你的情况单纯 。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
<br />
"A permanent military project is being built on the island. Those who go there have to pass a political vetting. Your college filled out two documents, and your background is simple. Your classmate can't go, mainly because of family problems…"<br />
<br />
袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是一种荣幸,既然生活当中存在这样一些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng frowned. It was an honor to be invited alone. Since there were such rules in life, he went to there alone and no one could blame it. But it brought him more trouble than excitement. He knew his classmates. They were all members of the Communist Youth League and were the backbone of the students. Why should they be distinguished? With his artistic way of thinking, he decided that it was a proposition of conscience and friendship.<br />
<br />
“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
<br />
"Hey, I got it." He went back to the dorm and said to his companion, "The island is building fortifications, drilling and blasting, filled with smoke. There is nothing to paint. We've been out for a long time, let's just go back to the college!"<br />
<br />
不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大 登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活见鬼 !中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
<br />
Soon, he and his classmate crossed the sea and landed at Lvda City. The cool sea breeze blew against the beautiful city, arousing interest in sightseeing. They wandered the streets. The scenery was charming, the buildings were quirky and everywhere was full of Russian atmosphere. When Yuan looked up at the signposts, which wrote the street names like “Makarov”, he complained: "Damn it! Why does the street of a Chinese city have to be named after a Russian general? What a bummer…" A few days later, they stood in the blue harbor, casting a last glance at the ocean waves, and turned around to set foot on the way back.<br />
<br />
不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
<br />
He didn’t expect that it was a farewell to the blue life.<br />
<br />
北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷 ,使海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头 ,有碍“百花齐放”。袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
<br />
Beijing had changed. Returning from the island, he was amazed by the swift counterattack, the overwhelming criticism, and the petals scattered on the ground in the campus. What puzzled him most was the situation of Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the academy. He heard that the secretary of the Party Committee made a mistake because he advocated the revolutionary school of painting too far, which hindered "all flowers blooming together". Yuan Yunsheng really didn’t understand what the “revolutionary school of painting” had to do with the “rightist”.<br />
<br />
袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? 一连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng hid in the dormitory, immersing himself in gathering up his sketches. Perhaps, he was safe. He advocated inheriting ancient Chinese art and drawing on western modern art, which should be conducive to the "blooming of a hundred flowers". How could he not be safe. For several days, he chased the white clouds, waves and seagulls, lost in the memories of his trip to the sea…<br />
<br />
有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像一个漏了税的走私犯接受审讯。<br />
<br />
One day, he was suddenly called to the classroom and stood in front of the people, like a smuggler being tried for tax evasion.<br />
<br />
摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名——“反苏” 。 <br />
<br />
He was faced with a host of problems: deviant views in art, sympathetic remarks to the "rightist", "poisoning" on the island and in Lvda, and a terrible accusation throughout it--"anti-Soviet".<br />
<br />
究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐 ,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
<br />
The answer to who denounced him could be found by using elementary mathematics, but it was meaningless. Since he had thought so, and said, he said bluntly to anyone, with an honest heart.<br />
<br />
他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他一挥手:“请你到外面等一会儿。”<br />
<br />
He racked his brain to repeat what he had said, and the presenter waved to him: "Please wait outside for a moment."<br />
<br />
他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听见屋里在争论。<br />
<br />
He left the classroom and stood in the corridor, feeling relieved and comfortable. The corridor was only one door away from the classroom, and he heard an argument in the room.<br />
<br />
有人说:“够了……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "That's enough…”<br />
<br />
有人说:“还不够……”<br />
<br />
Someone said: "Not enough...”<br />
<br />
有人说:“态度还好……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "The attitude is not bad…"<br />
<br />
他的好友在替他争辩,另一些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
<br />
His best friends were arguing for him, and others were insisting on something, which sounded interesting. Then there was silence… Then, he was called back to the classroom.<br />
<br />
“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, after research, you've been classified as a 'rightist'!"<br />
<br />
政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色——红与黑。点朱泼墨,二者居其一,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不同,观点对立,照样用黑笔一勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
<br />
The oil painting box of the political movement had only two colors--red and black, which was different from the oil painting box of the artist. The only way to choose between cinnabar and ink was to rely on fortune-telling. He and Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, were of different ages, different background colors, and opposing views, but they were both outlined by black brushes with the same destination and the painting procedures were highly simplified.<br />
<br />
晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
<br />
In the evening, he rode the bike to Baijiazhuang, where his brother Yuan Yunfu lived. He rocked back in the sofa: "I am."<br />
<br />
哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
<br />
His brother smiled and asked, "What are you?"<br />
<br />
“我是’右派’了。”<br />
<br />
"I'm a 'rightist' now."<br />
<br />
“呵?”哥哥大吃一惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
<br />
"Huh?" His brother was astonished, "What mistake did you make?"<br />
<br />
“我没犯错误。”<br />
<br />
"I didn't make a mistake."<br />
<br />
“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
<br />
"Then why are you classified as a 'rightist'?"<br />
<br />
“他们说我是,就是啰 。”<br />
<br />
"They said I am. So I am."<br />
<br />
“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
<br />
"No! No!" His brother was trembling.<br />
<br />
“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
<br />
"What’s wrong with that?" He said evenly, "I still paint, still go to school, still engage in arts."<br />
<br />
他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山造湖,兴修水库,一颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地指挥部,请求一边干活一边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人来访。<br />
<br />
He really did not know pain yet. Soon after, hundreds of thousands of people in the capital swarmed to the out to the suburbs to move mountains and create lakes and build reservoirs in the gorge of the Ming Tombs, and a naive heart was touched. He thought how good it would be to see so many people working together to do one thing. He took his oil painting box and rode more than one hundred miles by bike to the construction headquarters, asking to be able to work and spent his spare time painting. They refused, explaining that according to the regulations, they would not accept personal visits.<br />
<br />
又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他一个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
<br />
Shortly afterward, he went into the construction site by bus with a large group of people from the Central Academy of Fine Arts. How excited he was! He did as much work alone as several men together, carrying six baskets for holding earth on one pole, and running fast on the rugged mountain road. At noon, when others took a nap, he held his painting clipboard and went to the mountain to paint under the scorching sun. Until he was exhausted and staggered back to the shed, he still didn’t feel bitter. Because it was her own choice. He was motivated by the boiling life and generously gave his energy, feeling that it was a great pleasure.<br />
<br />
可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成呵斥的嗓门,一张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了——仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
<br />
But the atmosphere in the shed had changed. The students gathered around him, pointing at him, and saying that he was disobedient, did not accept reform, and should not paint anymore… He was stunned. He didn’t know that it was a criticism meeting, and he didn’t understand what they said. He only felt that familiar eyes became harsh eyes, intimate expressions became indifferent expressions, and peaceful voices became scolding voices. Their mouths were moving, and their hands were shaking. Suddenly he understood--just one thing: he was different from others!<br />
<br />
他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
<br />
He opened his bloodshot eyes wide, wriggled his dry lips, and fell down with his hands on his head.<br />
<br />
过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
<br />
Because of overwork and mental stimulation, he contracted serious dysentery. The illness dragged on from summer to winter, and later he was sent to an unheated hut at college.<br />
<br />
小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活 ,学校当局不再放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他才感到了痛苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出一串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
<br />
The hut was cold and damp, where dripping water could freeze. His body was hot with a high fever. College authorities were no longer concerned about his condition. A year ago, he was the pride of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, who became an abandoned orphan now. He felt the pain, the pain of being strangled in art, exceeding the physical pain, like being pushed into a terrible hell. No! In the spiritual realm of art, there was only heaven, not hell. He was forced to learn to be inferior, but he could never learn it. In a coma, cluttered thoughts were flashing, as if he was flying after the seagulls, and dancing with the Goddess of the Luo River. He tossed and turned and struggled, with a series of moans, as if not willing to sink, but to climb out of the dark hell…<br />
<br />
屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
<br />
A faint white light came through the door and he heard the sound of footsteps. Looking there attentively, he found that his friend stood in front of the bed, casting sympathetic and concerned eyes at him.<br />
<br />
他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是一种负担。我需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
<br />
He sat up quickly: "Please don't come to see me again. I understand that it is a burden for others to be close to me. I need friendship, but not pity. What I need now is solitude, solitude, let me be alone!"<br />
<br />
新月<br />
<br />
The Crescent Moon<br />
<br />
夕阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野 闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对青年男女。<br />
<br />
The setting sun cast a golden glow on Huqiu and fell to the other side of the hill. The clear and quiet lights shimmered on the hill, which was connected to the transparent dusk, reflecting the stately profile of the millennium pagoda, like a contemplative old man overlooking a young couple on the hill.<br />
<br />
这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们一页一页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像一阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只残忍的巨手一挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择 。<br />
<br />
This moment was long enough for Lanying. There were tragedies and comedies in love stories that had been passed down through the ages, attracting people to read them page by page. However, the second page of Lanying's story was unbearable. The tender feelings of a girl who was in her first love: happiness, novelty, joy… For an instant they vanished like a gust of wind, as if with the wave of a cruel hand, everything sank, everything disappeared, and a problem was put before the girl, severe, cold, and emotionless, turning the sweet assignment into a cold choice of stakes.<br />
<br />
在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的一群 ,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以“杀气腾腾”“煽风点火 ”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁愿与鬼蜮联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
<br />
In those years, in this land, as long as people mentioned the "rightist", a bunch of greys flashed before their eyes, like shadows, like ghosts, as if they killed a man, committed arson, or poison something. It seemed that they were all charged with “murder”, “fanning the flames”, “drug trafficking” and so on. Their souls were sentenced to death, leaving only soulless shells of bodies. The shell, could breathe but could not speak, and must work but could not harvest. The only tolerance that society gave them was to give them more time than convicts sentenced to death, turning their shells into mud. Who would want to be married to a ghost? Who wanted to be with a zombie? Lanying faced such a choice.<br />
<br />
在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每一个姑娘都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵——询问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,工资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称一称。爱情的内容转变了,转变为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义 。<br />
<br />
In an environment where marriage and politics were tied together, every girl had to make considerations, either to enjoy honor, or to have misfortunes with her husband. Under the same dusk, how many girls in the world were considering it--asking the man’s family background, political affiliation, education background, job, salary, rank… asking his direct value and everything indirectly translated into value, and then weighing them on the balance of love. The content of love had been transformed into the process of exchange of commodities, which gradually became common and natural.<br />
<br />
兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算 。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
<br />
Lanying had more rights to make her own decisions. She was receiving higher education. She would be a nurse in the future, whose had blood of martyrs in her veins. The organization was considering her to join the Communist Party of China. She was as proud as a daughter of an eminent family, as beautiful as Snow White… Every intersection of life would provide the green light for her. with sons from aristocratic families for her to choose and high position and great wealth to enjoy. But life seemed to play ticks on her. It was the black devil who came to her side, not the angel of love. It was not late to break off the relationship with him at once, and there was no obligation on conscience and morality.<br />
<br />
兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越 ,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气 。因此,她还不懂得利害。<br />
<br />
Lanying lost in painful thought. She was in a privileged situation and had pure experiences, remaining unspotted from the world. Therefore, she did not understand the stakes.<br />
<br />
政治运动对姑娘来说,像一场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些“右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她还时常听到这样的告诫:有才华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不断得到强化。<br />
<br />
The political movement was like a vague dream for the girl. In 1957, she was an innocent girl studying in middle school. She took part in the denunciation, with her mouth, with her pen, with her outraged feeling. The war was over before she could see the enemies clearly. She only saw the backs of the prisoners. Later, when the girl was a little older, whenever she heard that someone was a "rightist", she could not help but look at him with curiosity. She saw that most of the "rightists" were scholars, professors, artists, writers, business backbone, celebrities and so on. She also often heard the admonition: talented people often had strong personalities; people with strong personalities often suffered setbacks. The direct and converse theorem of real life had been repeated in various tones, and the girl’s impression of it was constantly reinforced.<br />
<br />
抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的嘲讽。<br />
<br />
The abstract concept of friend or foe formed a concrete conclusion in the girl's mind, which was a sad mockery of the solemn political movement.<br />
<br />
眼前的画家又是一个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离经叛道的歧路 ,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为政治问题?为什么要让一个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的才华……什么是才华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下一颗蓝色的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
<br />
The painter before her was another example. Because the painter opposed the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, he was declared to be on an unorthodox and evil path and was sentenced to death in politics. The girl could not understand why the issue of art had to be turned into a political issue? Why should a Chinese hot-blooded young man be sacrificed to a foreign altar as a lamb to be slaughtered? Wasn't it ludicrous? Such a ludicrous thing actually happened. Perhaps, it further proved that the painter was not a meek lamb, but a fearful calf, attracting jealousy from others. It further proved the painter’s courage and insight, indomitable nature and precious talent… What was talent? For the simplehearted girl, it was the light of life, the garland of youth, the transcendence of ignorance, the sublimation of knowledge. It made money and wealth eclipsed, made gain, loss, fame and bad reputation ruin and loss become a passing cloud, like a bright horizon that divided the clear sky and turbid earth. Foolish girls liked to adorn themselves with jewels, but noble girls were full of spiritual aspirations. She was willing to pick a blue star and set it on the heart of love... Lanying broke the silence and said to the painter in a deep voice: "Don't mention those things of your past to me again. I don't think you've made a mistake…"<br />
<br />
画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子 ,也是有限的宽恕,一切还同过去一样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "But everyone else thinks so. Even if they took the hat off, the forgiveness would be limited, and everything would be the same as before. You can't associate with people like me. You must consider the consequences."<br />
<br />
“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
<br />
"I don't care about the consequences. No matter what other people think, I trust my instincts."<br />
<br />
“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are your instincts?"<br />
<br />
“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
<br />
"My instinct is that you are talented!"<br />
<br />
这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激动的光辉:“世上有才华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
<br />
It was the highest praise for an "enemy of society”. Her tone showed a significant preference, which should bring enough relief to the painter. But the painter stood there with a stoney expression. The radiance of excitement in his gaze was worn away: "There are many talented people in the world, including glorious victors and miserable losers. Why do you prefer me? You’ll regret it in the future…"<br />
<br />
难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把才华糟蹋得像一块抹布的年月里,这句话,他不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子无才便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,才华再也不是令知识分子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
<br />
No wonder the painter reacted indifferently. It was not the first time he had heard the phrase in the years when his talent was ruined like a rag. Anyone could give it to him. Beneath the hypocritical compliment was a deliberate mockery. "A woman without talent is virtuous", now also applied to men. Even if he was trampled underfoot, mercilessly flogged, covering with cuts and bruises, they could pat him on the shoulder and told him to get up and go to work. At that time, talent was no longer a flower that made intellectuals have smug feelings, but a bitter medicine that touched their feelings of sorrow.<br />
<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
<br />
Lanying’s and the painter's eyes met. The painter's eyes, probing and frank, with a deep flame of self-esteem and some expectations, shot all the way to the girl's heart. Lanying could not resist this stare that could penetrate through everything, and her heart was shivering…<br />
<br />
兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费力气地获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被搞得阴阳颠倒！一时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到一颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙一样晶莹闪烁。<br />
<br />
Lanying suddenly remembered that it was her second meeting with the painter, in this quiet mountain forest, a secluded valley far away from the city. Wasn't today Women's Day? Ordinarily, he could easily win the girl’s heart with his gentleness and gallantry. However, he brought frustration, which couldn’t wait to broke the girl's calm. He said the truth, revealed the hidden pain, casting ominous clouds. He knew that it could cause irreversible consequences, but insisted on doing it. What exactly was it for? How upright and poised he was! Why was such a person said to be a terrible devil? The vanished soul? Life was so unfair! Honesty for disaster, cunning for glory, how much right and wrong in the world had been turned upside down! For a moment, Lanying felt that the ravine, valley and river in front of her had been filled in. Through the evening mist, she saw a sincere heart, glittering and shining like agates.<br />
<br />
兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
<br />
Lanying said excitedly, "I decided."<br />
<br />
画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "You love me?"<br />
<br />
“喜欢。”<br />
<br />
"Yes."<br />
<br />
“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
<br />
"What do I have to be loved?"<br />
<br />
“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
<br />
"Because you are honest, and love needs honesty."<br />
<br />
画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝 里滚动。<br />
<br />
The painter's whole body shocked, and he threw himself on the girl and buried his head in her arms. In one moment, the strong man turned into a child that curled up, with tears welling up in his eyes.<br />
<br />
一弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
<br />
A crescent moon rose. The ancient pagoda was solemn, and the bamboo forest whispered. The bright silver light shined on the girl, who was like a silver statue of goddess.<br />
<br />
画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
<br />
The painter was like embracing a treasure that he never wanted to lose. For many years, he lived and behaved with integrity, and infatuated with art. But no one had ever given such an evaluation on him. Today, the girl judged his conscience, filling his lonely heart with light. He was satisfied and relieved, feeling that he got the greatest reward for the hardship he had suffered for years…<br />
<br />
双桥<br />
<br />
Shuangqiao<br />
<br />
当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢——充当囚犯, 颠沛流离 ,饱尝辛酸……<br />
<br />
Contemporary artists have great passions to pursue their own artistic styles, and those who had suffered misfortune had unique styles that could not be replaced by others. Who wants to repeat their experience--to be a prisoner, to wander, to endure all kinds of hardships…<br />
<br />
翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
<br />
Open Repin’s collection, and look at ''Barge Haulers on the Volga''.<br />
<br />
我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石磙,弓着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下一闪一闪。<br />
<br />
There is a picture similar to ''Barge Haulers on the Volga'' before us, a living picture. The sun was hot, and the air was burning. On the golden wheat field, a young man pulled a stone roller with the posture of the barge hauler on the Volga. He bowed, head down, with a rope trip on his shoulder, hands almost down to the ground. Sweat was running down his bare back, glowing and winking in the sun.<br />
<br />
这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是最年轻的一个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石磙,一拉就是一天。<br />
<br />
This was Shuangqiao Farm in Beijing, one of the earliest state farms, which was famous for its mechanized production. But the artists from the Central Academy of Fine Arts did the work like animal labor. Yuan Yunsheng was the youngest among more than twenty people, who volunteered to do the heaviest work. He pulled the stone roller on the wheat field all day.<br />
<br />
二十几个人住在一间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。几年前,在他们头顶上发生的 那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成为一门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向两极。<br />
<br />
More than twenty people lived in a large room, with shabby windows and doors, and flies and mosquitoes flying freely in and out. There were two rows of wide beds for a number of people and tables made of wooden boards in the room. The dean, professors, teaching assistants and students were equally treated here. The explosion that happened above their heads a few years ago caused different reactions in each of them. Some were silent, some were endlessly repentant, some were calm, and some were trembling, just as the mechanics of the explosion developed into a unique craft, capable of both destruction and construction, making their spiritual models distinctly polarized.<br />
<br />
袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头一个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,一头畜力转眼间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng returned to the room from the wheat field, his first action was to fall on the drawing board by the bed. The animal became an artist with glittering eyes at once, just like the miracle of a magic show by a magician. With the drawing board under his arm, he looked for prey everywhere. He was the master of everything in the territory of visual image.<br />
<br />
他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着他。试问 ,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展示了情景交融的空间——略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
<br />
He doggedly innovated, of his own accord and under duress. He had to reform through labor, and made art at the same time, who needed to adapt to the new environment because he could not leisurely portray objects like oil painters. Applying the achievements of line modeling in Chinese painting to Western oil painting, which was a hazy pursuit before, now became a bright flame that attracted him strongly. Who had ever seen the existence of "line" in life? And he saw it. He observed the layers of light, analyzed the light and plane of the object, trying to grasp the moment when a plane met another plane. The changing, transitional, and wonderful division showed clear lines on the retina, which commanded the hand and pen through the processing of the brain, the exaggeration of emphasis and the appropriate deformation, drawing firm or soft lines on the sketch, as simple as Chinese paintings, as precise as Western paintings, like a Peking Opera artist on an empty stage, showing the space that feelings mingled with scenes with his nuanced hand movements, expression of eyes and body motions--a remarkable painting language that was slight but not empty, with real in its emptiness.<br />
<br />
他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
<br />
He figured it out. Since his paintings would never be cared again, let alone exhibited, he could let his pen draw freely. During the days in the farm, he made more than two thousand sketches with pens, brushes and pencils, far more than the number of assignments for students in fine art colleges. With heavy work and strong foundation, he went toward his goal. A large pile of sketches on his bedside was the accumulation of his faith and the ocean of spirit.<br />
<br />
住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
<br />
Among the people living in the same room, there was a stern elder who often watched the young painter's behaviors. He was Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy. Jiang Feng's gaze was astonished. He didn’t know his student before, but now he was touched by Yuan Yunsheng's enthusiasm for hard work and advancement.<br />
<br />
“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去！”<br />
<br />
"I really don't understand why the student like you should be labeled as a 'rightist'?" Jiang Feng said to Yuan Yunsheng, "Draw it. As long as you think it's right, you can draw it according to your will!"<br />
<br />
这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
<br />
It was the direct teaching Yuan Yunsheng heard from the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, not in the grand academy, but in the hard adversity. This teaching impressed him forever.<br />
<br />
一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
<br />
One day, people living in the same room held a review meeting. Some of them confessed as usual, but Jiang Feng declaimed, criticizing the proneness to boasting and exaggeration in publicity, the disconnect between economic policy and economic base, and the hazards of "Left" opportunism, just like a level-headed politician without the slightest self-consciousness of an offender. He was still him, maintaining human dignity, and exercising the rights of the brain and mouth. Yuan Yunsheng listened, filled with admiration.<br />
<br />
散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特儿是清癯的、憔悴的,一副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出一个美的灵魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
<br />
After the meeting, Jiang Feng read a book with his head on the desk. Yuan Yunsheng quietly picked up the drawing board and looked towards him. The model in front of him was skinny and haggard, with a contemplative look. However, in the painter's mind, a beautiful soul was reflected, as hard and transparent as diamonds. The painter used his brush to draw a portrait of him with ease and verve.<br />
<br />
“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
<br />
"Oh, I'm much thinner than before." Jiang Feng took the sketch and said with emotion, "Leave this painting to me. You and I have a memorable friendship…"<br />
<br />
这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
<br />
The sketch was paired with a frame, hanging in Jiang Feng's home for many years.<br />
<br />
一个被撤职的党委书记,一个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
<br />
A dismissed secretary of the Party Committee, and a young man forced to stop school. Neither of their personalities were distorted under the weight. Once the personality had overcome the ordeal, it was like cast iron. It was the same to admit it or not.<br />
<br />
雨纷纷<br />
<br />
The Drizzling Water <br />
<br />
画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业分配。<br />
<br />
The painter parted with Lanying in Suzhou and returned to Changchun. They exchanged letters from time to time. A year later, Lanying was facing job assignment after graduation.<br />
<br />
东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降临头上。<br />
<br />
The Northeast was very unfamiliar to Lanying. In her imagination, it was distant borderlands covered with snow and ice, a terrible place so cold that the nose, ears and chin could be frozen off. None of the students wanted to be assigned to the Northeast. They were used to the affluent conditions and warm climate of lands of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River, and the mere mention of the Northeast made their hair stand on end, as if the doom of exile had fallen on their heads. <br />
<br />
兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
<br />
Lanying was regardless of anything. In the girl's mind, where he was, there was spring, and there was a bonfire! She was willing to suffer cold and hunger just by his side.<br />
<br />
当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying proposed to the organization of his aspiration for assignment, the other side was shocked: “Ah, you already have a boyfriend! How long have you known each other? What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
姑娘一五一十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住 。<br />
<br />
The girl answered one by one. She thought that it could not be hidden sooner or later.<br />
<br />
兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象力,把故事编得像田园牧歌一样美妙——<br />
<br />
Lanying’s story spread through the college. Oral litterateurs were not lack in imagination, and made up the story as beautiful as an idyllic pastoral--<br />
<br />
“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
<br />
"Hey, did you hear? Lanying asked to be assigned to Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
<br />
"So far away! Why do you want to go there?"<br />
<br />
“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子。”<br />
<br />
"She met a boyfriend, one of the most beautiful men in Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那个人干什么的?”<br />
<br />
"What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
<br />
"He's an actor at Changchun Film Studio. He acted many movies."<br />
<br />
“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
<br />
"Of course it is good to have an actor as boyfriend. He can go everywhere in the country. <br />
Studios are in big cities, and Lanying can be transferred to wherever she likes!"<br />
<br />
但是,在学校的一间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
<br />
But in a small room of the college, Lanying's head was under the weight of thousand pounds, and furious and disappointed eyes were cast at him: “You are too naïve in politics. Who is he? A ‘rightist', who is anti-Party and anti-socialist. Who are you? The descendant of revolutionary martyrs, member of the Communist Youth League, and the Party organization's development target. Won’t you feel sorry about your dead parents? And the Party?<br />
<br />
兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了……”<br />
<br />
Lanying argued: "His hat had been taken off…"<br />
<br />
“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样一个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣个黑锅背一辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
<br />
"Whether his hat had been taken off or not, it was all the same. If one has such a family, he could not shake it off. But you want to have the injustice and carry it for the rest of your life. How silly you are!"<br />
<br />
“我乐意……”<br />
<br />
"I don’t care…"<br />
<br />
“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍白,四肢麻木,像是一个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
<br />
"Don’t say any more! You are already his prisoner, standing on a cliff. You have to break off with him, and never meet him again. If he writes to you, you hand it over to the organization to deal with!" Lanying sat in a corner of the room, pale and numb, like a rebel on trial. What did she have to say? A simple-hearted girl confided in others the secret of love for the first time, who should receive happy congratulations. However, she received brutal reprimand and forced interferences, and it was useless to argue with them. She dragged herself back to the dormitory.<br />
<br />
更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她,好像她做了什么亏心事。一颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
<br />
What was harder to bear was the mute weight. Her classmates looked at her with scorn and whispered about her as if she had done something against conscience. A pearl once held in the palm of the hand suddenly became the object of ridicule, so that she tasted the fickleness of the world, the ups and downs of fate, and aroused a strong feeling of rebellion.<br />
<br />
她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨——爸爸生前的战友。<br />
<br />
She wrote a letter and sent it to an aunt in Hangzhou, a former comrade of her father.<br />
<br />
阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
<br />
The aunt soon sent a telegram, asking her to go to Hangzhou and talking with her face to face.<br />
<br />
兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空一样阴郁。<br />
<br />
When she arrived in Hangzhou, it was drizzling. The aunt took her to her residence, and was very hospitable with smile, trying to make her happy. However, Lanying's face looked sad, as gloomy as the sky.<br />
<br />
“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说，“我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
<br />
"What if you worry yourself into illness?” The aunt said, "Let me go out for a walk with you.”<br />
<br />
她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
<br />
They went to Orioles Singing in the Willows of the West Lake with an umbrella.<br />
<br />
西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
<br />
The West Lake was silvery gray in front of Lanying. The sky was silver, and the water was silver. The atmosphere was drifting with silver powder that looked like rain but not rain, which he could not feel, and her clothes seemed to be getting wet but not.<br />
<br />
兰英的眉心舒展 了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
<br />
Lanying felt more comfortable: "The scenery here is so beautiful!"<br />
<br />
“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢，”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍一个男朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证会喜欢他……”<br />
<br />
"It is worth coming here, right. There is another happy thing," said the aunt with a smile, "I’ll introduce to you a boyfriend. He is a member of the party and does confidential work in the army. He is handsome and you are well-matched in age. I’m sure that as long as you are willing to meet him, you are going to like him…"<br />
<br />
兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
<br />
Lanying was on the alert at once: "Did you invite me here just for this?"<br />
<br />
阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养感情嘛……”<br />
<br />
The aunt said: "I’m doing this for your own good. The relationship needs to be cultivated. You don’t have a relationship with him now, but you can cultivate it…"<br />
<br />
姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进一团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲径好像布满陷阱。一种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。给你!”<br />
<br />
The girl only felt that her chest was stuffed with a mess. The beautiful scenery of the West Lake had become nasty, and the winding path under her feet seemed to be fraught with pitfalls. A feeling of being fooled came over her, and she said angrily: "I don't want to see anyone. Here you are!"<br />
<br />
兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
<br />
Lanying shoved the umbrella into the aunt's hand, turned and ran away through the cold rain. Behind her, the lake water lapped at the shore, making a rhythmic sound, like heaving sighs…<br />
<br />
回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
<br />
Back to the residence, the first thing Lanying did was to pack things, ready to return to Suzhou. The aunt came over and said calmly, "Lanying, I know your temper. Once you have decided something, no one can persuade you…"<br />
<br />
“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
<br />
"I appreciate that you know it." The girl said tonelessly.<br />
<br />
“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好好谈谈吧……”<br />
<br />
"I have only one request." said the aunt, "Since you came to Hangzhou, it does not hurt to stay one more day. Let's talk about it in the evening…"<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
<br />
At night, Lanying and the aunt sat face to face by lamplight.<br />
<br />
“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I trust your eyes. The person you like must be good." The aunt said calmly. “Our party implements a policy of uniting and reforming intellectuals, and people like him still have a role to play."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "I thought the same thing…"<br />
<br />
“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们一些好处。打个比喻吧,好比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那些人再好,也不能使用。你多想一想吧……”<br />
<br />
"But let me tell you more detailed information." The aunt said, "At present, we do not have a team of intellectuals of our own. If we don’t rely on them, who can we rely on? If we want to use them, we have to give them some benefits. To use an analogy, it is like a jelly bean to coax children. The little sweetness will soon melt. When our own team grows up, they can’t be used anymore no matter how good they are. Think more about it…”<br />
<br />
姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头一次听说,在政策的背后还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
<br />
After the girl listened to the thorough analysis, she was bewildered. She heard for the first time that there were policies behind a policy. The infinite mysteries of life were enough for her to digest slowly.<br />
<br />
这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。一个势单力孤的女子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越 ,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为一个农家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
<br />
That night, Lanying lost sleep. At the deadest time of the night, she was thinking about the painter who was far away and gradually came to realize that there were more serious obstacles between them than ice, snow, storms, mountains and rivers. A weak woman, powerless to push away the weight of society, tradition and mentality, felt that the future was infinitely uncertain. Did the girl regret having fallen in love with him? She could not find a reason to condemn herself. Their love was witnessed by the green hill and bright moon, without a trace of dust. She could only regret that she came from a privileged background and was fully favored, so that her love was also shackled. The girl would rather be reborn again for him… She fell asleep in a daze and had a sweet dream that she was transformed into a farm girl and met the painter among the white mountain and the black water. The whole world was pure as if it was covered with silver and jade… When she woke up, she found that it was just a delusional dream. The fate had been doomed, and everything was irreversible. The girl was desperate, with hot tears like a broken line of beads, from the cheeks constantly rolling down...<br />
<br />
第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看一看就会明白的。”<br />
<br />
The next day, the aunt put a magazine in front of Lanying: "This is what I found from the library, you will understand if you read it."<br />
<br />
这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到一篇文章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的一小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的题目——<br />
<br />
It was a magazine of ''Fine Arts'' published in that year. With trembling hands, Lanying opened the pages and found an article. The article criticized an oil painting by Yuan Yunsheng and included a photo of it. What was that? The painting was shrunken into a small and pitiful piece that could not be seen clearly. The girl finally found the title of the painting--<br />
<br />
水乡记忆<br />
<br />
Memory of the Water Town<br />
<br />
“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
<br />
"It’s okay. It’s okay. It would burn if you continue frying it."<br />
<br />
“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
<br />
"Be gentle, don't let others hear it."<br />
<br />
“我先尝尝——哈,又香又脆!”<br />
<br />
"Let me taste it first--ha, it’s delicious and crispy!"<br />
<br />
“放开肚皮吧 ,反正不花钱……”<br />
<br />
"Tuck in. It doesn’t cost money anyway…"<br />
<br />
袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng lying in bed, heard the laughter, the sizzle of boiling oil, and the greedy sound of chewing from next door, along with the aroma of fried oil cakes, keeping him awake at night. <br />
<br />
这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择一处乡土气息浓厚的地区深入生活 ,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓库隔壁的一间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传口号消失了,生理本能在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是一出率先占有填充材料的喜剧。<br />
<br />
This was the warehouse of the production team, located in a small town near Suzhou. Not long ago, Yuan Yunsheng returned to the Central Academy of Fine Arts from Shuangqiao Farm, and got back to Professor Dong Xiwen's studio to learn from him. The teacher suggested him to choose an area with a strong local flavor to plunge into the thick of life, collecting materials for his graduation work. He came to a town in the regions south of the Yangtze River and was assigned to a hut next to the production team's warehouse as the accommodation. It was a time of national economic hardship, and the water town, which was praised as “the earthly paradise", was also facing the threat of starvation. The fanatical slogan that was once popular disappeared and physiological instincts took effect in people, which was first shown in the town's cadres. In order to fill a few people’s bellies, they went harm to the group, compressing others’ bellies. The late-night performance was a comedy of being the first to take possession of the filling material.<br />
<br />
袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng rolled over in bed, causing a few rats to crawl out beside the pillow and hop around on him.<br />
<br />
“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
<br />
"There’s a noise!" The man next door said, "Should we ask that painter to come?"<br />
<br />
“别理他!”<br />
<br />
"Don’t mind him!"<br />
<br />
……<br />
<br />
这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预一下也无可厚非 。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
<br />
This was the material of real life! Paint it. Since "art was subordinate to politics", there was nothing wrong with intervening in such life. The painter lay in bed, his heart flowing with the feeling of concerning for the country and the people.<br />
<br />
然而,夜间的梦寐 并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
<br />
However, the dream at night did not leave the painter with a deep impression. He had his own understanding of the function of art. He came here for pursuit of the beauty in life, and the dust of life could not cloud the artist's heart of gold. The place he went to during the day gave satisfaction to his pursuit. A few weeks later, he returned to Beijing with everything that he wanted.<br />
<br />
回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,一股不可遏制的创作冲动驱使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去一个晚上的时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
<br />
One day after returning to Beijing, he leaned on his bed and thought after dinner. An uncontrollable impulse of creation drove him to pick up the brush and readily draw on the draft paper, the tip of the brush as smooth as floating clouds and flowing water. In only one night, he sketched out his graduation work.<br />
<br />
他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
<br />
He took the sketch to visit Teacher Dong Xiwen. The teacher looked at it and said: "I think it is distinctive. The workload is not small. Get on with it!"<br />
<br />
他把行李卷、画布和油彩,一股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上一摊,不分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
<br />
He moved the bedding roll, canvases and oil paints into the large warehouse of the college. This warehouse was used to store large-scale cultural relics, including a tall stone camel, an excavated stone horse and a stone tiger in front of the tomb of the Han Dynasty general Huo Qubing. The floor was covered with thick dust, and the walls were covered with cobwebs, like a gloomy old castle. He spread the bedding roll on the floor, and worked day and night. The stone tiger and horse watched a young painter working like a maniac. Two months later, Yuan Yunsheng asked someone to help him lift out a huge oil painting.<br />
<br />
这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
<br />
The painting was titled ''Memory of the Water Town''.<br />
<br />
《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优 ”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的分数都不肯给。<br />
<br />
''Memory of the Water Town'' became the topic of conversation in the circle of art. The doyens of painting such as Dong Xiwen, Ye Qianyu and Huang Yongyu praised it, who argued that his graduation grade should be “excellent”. Some others shook their heads and frowned, refusing to give him even a passing grade.<br />
<br />
水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
<br />
What was the memory of the water town for the young painter?<br />
<br />
画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
<br />
In the picture is a small bridge common in Suzhou, which is the style of traditional architectural left over from the Ming Dynasty, with exquisite structure, decorated with delicate sculpted reliefs. The two sides of the bridge show the houses, streets and the lively scene of the market trading during the Spring Festival.<br />
<br />
看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。一个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开一张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。一个淳朴的小女孩刚才卖掉一只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着一桩桩美好的故事——人们在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
<br />
Look, there are people setting up the stage for Beijing opera performance, there are people selling New Year's pictures, and there are people selling grain and vegetables, so lively. A beautiful country girl spreads out a newspaper at her feet and sets bunches of flowers on it, expecting people to visit. A simple little girl has just sold a lamb. Perhaps because the cute little animal was fed by her hands when growing up, she sees it being taken away, showing a look of melancholy... With the strong national style and local customs and practices, the painter drew hundreds of lifelike characters, around the stone bridge to tell good stories -- people exchanged their results of hard work a year here, and were pleased and gratified by the rich and colorful folk recreations.<br />
<br />
桥下是一泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
<br />
Under the bridge is clear, rippling and sparkling. The dark-awninged boats, small wooden boats and barges carrying purchases for the Spring Festival are so close to each other, and brush past the others. The boatmen are all humble, avoiding each other, and quickly giving the way for the neighboring boats. A young man lies leisurely on the bow of the boat, the sunlight sprinkling over his face, and thinks with a vision of the future…<br />
<br />
这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举世无双的韧性——走向明天!<br />
<br />
Weren’t the small bridge and the river the reappearance of our national features! Our nation suffered a lot, and was at a very difficult time; however, our indomitable national spirit was not destroyed by the disaster. We were strong, confident and optimistic, emphasized courtesy, and maintained great dignity, with a slow rhythm, calm pace, and resilience that was unparalleled in the world--towards tomorrow!<br />
<br />
谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
<br />
Who could have guessed that the original idea of this painting was conceived in that hut in the water town, that shady with mice hopping around, adjacent to the evil. What a contrast between the hard work of the people, the innocence of the painter, and the greed, selfishness and deceit just a wall away! The painter brushed away the shadows of life, and used painting language to express his deep love for his country and people with good wishes. This was the self-analysis of the painter's mind and character!<br />
<br />
当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩 ,年画的敦厚朴实和壁画的装饰趣味。<br />
<br />
When ''Memory of the Water Town'' was put on public display, hanging in the auditorium of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, the response from the audience was enthusiastic. Some people left comments, some took pictures, and some copied it. Just in terms of its innovation in artistic style, people were amazed by it. The author put aside the "three unities" of plot devices of Western oil painting and the traditional perspective rules, and adopted the ingenious technique of cavalier perspective of Chinese painting, so as to make the independent stories on the picture blend together. When portraying the characters, the author masterly used the tools of Western oil painting, boldly used line modeling, and absorbed the exaggeration of the ancient art of pottery figurines to depict images of the figures with different expressions. The painting had the splendor and magnificence of oil painting, the exact delineation and heavy colors of Chinese painting, the sincerity and simplicity of New Year’s picture and the decorative interest of fresco. <br />
<br />
把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为一炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿了吧！<br />
<br />
It was the author's dream to integrate the ancient and modern, Chinese and Western painting arts into one. His dream should come true!<br />
<br />
但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
<br />
However, the fate of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was suddenly reversed, which was taken off the wall of the exhibition hall and thrown into the garbage dump where scraps were stored. Later, a young man who loved table tennis found its value and dragged it behind the table to use it as a baffle to block the ball. Later, a student from the art history department felt bad for it and secretly cut it down with a scissor, folded it up, and pressed it under the bed in the dormitory. However, the college reported it to the police in panic, bringing in the comrades in the department of public safety to enter the college to reconnoiter, as if searching for an indecent prohibited thing. Finally, the enthusiastic collector had to hand it over, and the campus loudspeaker immediately broadcasted that it was "another victory in paying great attention to class struggle".<br />
<br />
离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着一堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的路口只亮着一盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
<br />
Was it bizarre? Not really. The climate was changing, three years of hardship passed, the fairs trade in the countryside was banned, and the days of hunger were forgotten. Today's politics made new requirements on yesterday's art, and it was time for the painter to be spanked. The author of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was faced with lots of questions that he could never answer: Why didn't you paint a tractor? Why didn't you paint the wheat field with a good harvest? Why didn't paint… Among all the criticisms, no one had ever accused him of not painting the scene next door that night, though such phenomena were a well-known fact. There was only one green light at the intersection of literary criticism: turning left. The artist who stayed true to the art went straight ahead and was denounced as being too "right".<br />
<br />
中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出作者的艺术才能。”<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, once said with emotion: "If this painting had not been damaged, and had been put on display, I can predict that the audience would have rehabilitated him. Even in this tentative work, we can see the artistic talent of the author."<br />
<br />
只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世——其中也包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, the remains of the painting couldn’t be found. The only memorial it had left was a pathetically small picture, accompanied by a critical article that sounded plausible, published in a corner of ''Fine Arts''. The painter should feel honored that it was the first time his work had been made into a zincograph, and printed, spreading around the world--including the one in front of Lanying.<br />
<br />
月台边<br />
<br />
At the Edge of the Platform<br />
<br />
兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
<br />
The second morning Lanying spent in Hangzhou was the most painful time for her.<br />
<br />
阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子 ,还会累及子女。<br />
<br />
The aunt stood beside her as her guardian, and pointed to the magazine as if she had found a powerful proof. The aunt said that a man like Yuan Yunsheng would not correct his mistake, and others would not tolerate him. It would be a lifelong mistake to combine with him, never seeing the light in the future and implicating the children.<br />
<br />
那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘与画家结合 的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
<br />
The magazine did not frighten the girl’s love away, but made her feel the seriousness of the problem. It seemed that it was not only the aunt, the college, but also the whole society that prevented her from being bound with the painter. It seemed that everyone except the girl was cursing him and splashing dirty water on the painter. Did the girl still have the courage to go towards him? Talking about the future children, those innocent babies that would follow the adults and spend their whole life in the mud, Lanying's heart was softened.<br />
<br />
这是一场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
<br />
It was an irresistible spiritual siege. Lanying hunched over the table and burst into tears…<br />
<br />
阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效力,递过一支笔、一张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
<br />
Seeing the effect of her good intention, the aunt handed over a pen and a piece of paper: "Writing him a letter and making it clear, you’ll feel comfortable. If he really loves you, he will not give you trouble again…"<br />
<br />
兰英接过纸笔。<br />
<br />
Lanying took the paper and pen.<br />
<br />
她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家能够得到另一个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后一个字,信纸上满是斑斑泪痕。<br />
<br />
She wrote a very firm statement, cutting off communication with the painter, and didn’t explain anything. She took the responsibility, saying that she was willing to pay the lifelong price for her impulse and would never get married again. In her letter, she wished the painter to get another girl who would love him as much as she did… When she finished the letter, it was blotted with tears.<br />
<br />
阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
<br />
The aunt took it over to have a look and sighed: "Look, the handwriting was wet with tears. It’ll make him suspect that you are not really want to break up with him ......"<br />
<br />
“本来就是被迫的！”兰英没好气地说。<br />
<br />
"It was forced!" Lanying said angrily.<br />
<br />
阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
<br />
The aunt finally got the written pledge and was relieved, sealing the envelope with her own hands, sticking a stamp on it, and taking it to the post office.<br />
<br />
兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将把信撕得粉碎,一赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下 ,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净……<br />
<br />
Lanying returned to Suzhou from Hangzhou, and felt every day like a year, repeatedly imagining the painter's reaction. The painter would be furious, wouldn’t he? Lanying really did not want to add a new scar to the painter's heart, which had been badly wounded, so she did not write irritating words in the letter. But the painter would understand the reason for the change. The letter had already constituted a contempt and insult to him. Would he rip it up and decide not to write back in a fit of anger? Or would he bow to his fate and fall into a depression? Or, the girl's worries were superfluous. Men were men, who were easy come and easy go. He would wipe the girl out of his memory, completely forgetting her.<br />
<br />
兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
<br />
The last thing that Lanying wanted to happen was the latter situation.<br />
<br />
画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
<br />
The painter wrote back with stiff words. He agreed to break up, without a hint of a pleading tone, with only one last condition, asking Lanying to come to Changchun and explain the reason face to face.<br />
<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
<br />
Like hearing an echo from an empty valley, Lanying ran into the college office clasping the letter.<br />
<br />
姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
<br />
The girl placed the letter on the table and said: "Please allow me to go to Changchun."<br />
<br />
对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
<br />
After reading the painter's letter, the other party looked up and asked, "Is this the last meeting?"<br />
<br />
“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
<br />
"Yes." The girl said, "We're very determined."<br />
<br />
学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
<br />
The college could not say the reason for refusing the girl and let her go. On the day of the girl’s departure, the school made a long-distance call to Changchun, asking the painter's unit to cooperate and pay attention to the actions of Lanying and the painter, promoting both sides to break off the relationship.<br />
<br />
火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人头攒动的月台上,她一眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
<br />
The train was flying along, the vast fields passing outside the window. The girl was anxious. She was longing for the scenery of the Northeast in her dream before, but this journey didn’t leave any impression on her. She only remembered the moment the train arrived in Changchun, when she saw the painter with a pale face at a glance on the crowded platform.<br />
<br />
兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
<br />
When Lanying stepped out of the train, the painter was coming up. He still held the sketchbook in his hand, pretending to be calm. However, his tired and dark look, holding back great pain, could not escape the girl's keen eyes. It was exactly what the girl hoped to see, and a thrill of joy rose in her heart. <br />
<br />
画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
<br />
The painter stopped at the edge of the platform, keeping a few steps from the girl.<br />
<br />
“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
<br />
"Please answer now," the painter's voice was like the low roar of a wild animal, "why do you change your mind? Why do you bend to the will of others?"<br />
<br />
姑娘把旅行袋往前一递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听懂是什么意思。<br />
<br />
The girl handed her travel bag forward: "Do you think I come to Changchun to negotiate with you?" The painter was stunned, not understanding what it meant.<br />
<br />
“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑一趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
<br />
"You fool! If I want to break up with you, do I need to come all the way here?" The girl smiled sweetly, "There is a long way to go, and you need to be tested!"<br />
<br />
明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解——那些无尽无休的劝说、挑唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
<br />
The bright sunlight returned to the painter's face. He even forgot to pick up the girl's bag, and was so excited that he didn’t know what to do. The girl dodged back a little, really afraid that the guy who lost his mind in front of him would throw himself into her arms in full view of a large crowd with no regard for the customs of the country… The consensus reached the Changchun negotiation--those endless persuasions, instigation and restraint were really tiresome that decisive actions had to be taken to get rid of it.<br />
<br />
兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同财产,是一条印花双人床单。在一间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
<br />
Lanying and the painter married in the summer vacation after graduation. The wedding was held in Changchun, without relatives officiating, and classmates congratulating. The only gift they received was a blouse given by Yuan Yunfu to his sister-in-law; the new common property was a printed double bed sheet. In a temporary borrowed hut, they performed a solemn ceremony of life. Lanying spent her honeymoon in disassembling and washing the bedding for the former bachelor. The short honeymoon ended as Lanying's reporting date approached.<br />
<br />
人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
<br />
The Queen Mother of the world was not willing to give in after all, and deliberately laid a galaxy between them.<br />
<br />
兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽容——除了东北三省之外,其他任何一个城市都行。实心眼儿的 姑娘把手指放在地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
<br />
Lanying's place of work was chosen from the map. When she was assigned after graduation, the college gave her lenient conditions--any city except the three provinces of the northeast. The honest girl put her finger on the map and found the nearest place to the Northeast along the railway line. Her finger crossed Beijing, Tianjin, and rested on a small circle south of Shanhaiguan: Tangshan. She thought that it was the ideal crossing of the Milky Way on earth.<br />
<br />
她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着一块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生活无法自理。直到这时,她才感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
<br />
Not long after she arrived in Tangshan, she was caught in an "unprecedented" storm. With marches, rebellions, and two factions fighting with each other with machetes and spears, the whole city fell into primitive tribal strife. Lanying was alone and lived in uncertainty in troubled times. The annual visits to her husband comforted her a little in spirit. Later, she was pregnant. The overwork and poor living conditions caused Lanying to suffer from lumbar spine strain. Her back was like carrying a heavy iron plate, and she couldn’t roll over in bed. There was no one to make fires in the house, and the flimsy door and windows could not withstand the cold wind. The lumbar disease made her stiff and unable to take care of herself. By this time, she felt that she needed her husband by her side so much…<br />
<br />
画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到一份工作,又赶到唐山,好不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户口的证件。至此,他们已经两地分居六年了。<br />
<br />
The painter went around and asked, and finally found a job for his wife in a hospital in Changchun, and then rushed to Tangshan. With difficulty, he passed many hurdles and got the documents to switch his wife’s job and transfer her registered permanent residence. So far, they had been living apart for six years.<br />
<br />
兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西——优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。耿耿 银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
<br />
When Lanying sat on the train, the platform in Changchun moving in front of her eyes again, she could not help but have mixed feelings. For six years, she lost a lot of things out of her own volition--a bright future in politics, a beautiful youth and excellent conditions. The corners of her pretty eyes were covered with worry lines, and her beautiful cheeks became sallow with a gaunt appearance. She paid a huge price for the ordinary life of ordinary people, and a charge of "the family member of a rightist whose hat was taken off”. The Milky Way was in front of her, and there were the same strict rituals in heaven and on earth. <br />
<br />
陋室铭<br />
<br />
The Humble Room<br />
<br />
破木桌上摊开一张纸片,一只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
<br />
A piece of paper was spread out on the broken wooden table, and a small hand holding the brush, applied watercolor to the paper. Round, square and irregular blocks of color appeared under the brush, representing different still life: the round one was a washtub, the square one was an old wooden box, and the irregular one was a diaper on a clothesline…<br />
<br />
这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
<br />
It was the artist's son sketching. He was born in Changchun, and no matter how difficult the path of his parents' life was, he grew up according to the laws of nature, until he was old enough to grasp a brush with his little hand. <br />
<br />
小屋只有14平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, 一排大连铺占去三分之二的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
<br />
The house was only 14 square meters. A little sister added to the family, and four of them were crammed into a small space, with a large bed taking up two thirds of the area. The broken wooden table in front of the window was the dad's workbench at ordinary times, and the son's bed at night. The rest of the space was for cooking and washing clothes, and there was no extra space.<br />
<br />
眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
<br />
The artist's son had painted the scene in front of him more than once, which was his first subject of contact with life. This lovely third generation in new China repeatedly painted with the most beautiful colors in his young mind, and had accumulated dozens of sketches. Whenever the neighbors came to visit, he would take out his works and show them off in front of them. However, the comments he heard were very disappointing: "Alas, Lanying, why does your precious son only paint the slums?"<br />
<br />
兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
<br />
Lanying gave a wry smile. What could she say? All her son painted were things in her house.<br />
<br />
兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头一样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
<br />
After Lanying moved to Changchun, she took on heavy housework and lived a hard life. She was used to eating ready-made meals in the canteen before, and never cooked; by this time, she was distressed to find that it was more difficult to steam the corn cake without turning souring than to perform a surgical operation in the hospital. For a long time, the steamed corn cakes, steamed bread of corn and steamed buns that the whole family ate were unbearably sour and hard like stones. The children still gobbled them up as if they natively tasted like that.<br />
<br />
家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱一个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭 。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
<br />
The family's finances were tight. The total income of two college graduates could not keep up with the increase of family members and the rise of commodity prices. The son was lucky enough to eat cake for a few days when he was a child. When it was the daughter's turn, the parents could no longer afford to buy cakes, so they had to buy bread that was a dime per piece to give the children a treat. Later, the parents brought home discounted black bread. Even so, the children were so happy, smiling from ear to ear.<br />
<br />
他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
<br />
They pinched and scraped, but still spent more than their income. At the end of every month, Lanying and the painter would empty out their pockets face to face.<br />
<br />
“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, we haven't bought the meat for this month yet." Lanying said.<br />
<br />
“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
<br />
"Let’s buy it." The painter said, "It's Sunday. It’s time to improve a meal."<br />
<br />
妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服口袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
<br />
The wife had been penniless for a while. The painter turned his pockets inside out to scrap up enough money to buy a catty of meat.<br />
<br />
儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
<br />
The son, who had already prepared a small snow sled and waited there, took the money and ran away with joy.<br />
<br />
过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
<br />
After a while, the son's cheer came from the door: "Come on, the meat is bought back!"<br />
<br />
画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
<br />
The painter and his wife ran out to greet it, but they were stunned: "Where's the meat?"<br />
<br />
儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚才他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤肉颠得没影了……<br />
<br />
My son looked back and saw that the snow sled was empty. He was too happy and run too fast, the catty of meat tossed away…<br />
<br />
“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
<br />
As the "buyer" had never failed in his duty, he became downhearted this time. The painter and Lanying had to comfort their son, holding his embarrassed little face and laughing.<br />
<br />
儿子也笑了。一场精神上的欢笑 代替了假日的会餐。<br />
<br />
The son laughed too. A time of mirth in spirit replaced the holiday meal.<br />
<br />
在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, the so-called "spiritual aristocrats" were finding jobs for themselves. Some decorated the facade of restaurants and hotels, painting some pictures to exchange bottles of wine and whole cases of fish. Some were busy with their household sidelines, producing modern furniture by hand. Others worked as art tutors, and if the students they taught had good backgrounds, their situations would soon be improved. But Yuan Yunsheng did not get any "extra money" and did not look for a way out. He was very busy. He worked during the day, honestly completing the tasks given to him and trying not to be faulted; after he came back home at night, he indulged in painting, steeping himself in his beloved art, and didn’t have time to do the housework.<br />
<br />
在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似的想点办法?”<br />
<br />
At the most difficult time for the family, Lanying said to Yunsheng in a tentative tone, "Could you think of some ways like others?"<br />
<br />
“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
<br />
"Think of what?" The painter asked in amazement.<br />
<br />
“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合过得去……”<br />
<br />
"I don't ask for anything more." The wife said, "I mean, if possible, to make life at home barely get by..."<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head: "There is a way. But that would wreck my art!"<br />
<br />
妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题一搁,永远不再提起。<br />
<br />
The wife knew the weight of the word "art" in her husband's heart. The subject was put aside, and never mentioned again.<br />
<br />
兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥一顿饱一顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣服洗一洗吧。”<br />
<br />
Lanying was sick from exhaustion, tortured by the pain of lumbar spine strain, and sometimes had to stay in bed. Whenever it happened, the sky of the family collapsed and everything was in chaos. The whole family ate erratically; when the children's clothes were dirty, they didn’t have others to change; the sheets were splattered with the painter's oil, like a canvas of an abstract painter... As a medical worker, Lanying had minimum requirements for sanitation. She could not tolerate it anymore, lying in bed and commending the painter: "Wash the sheets and clothes today."<br />
<br />
“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干一场。<br />
<br />
"Okay." The husband obediently put down the brush and rolled up his sleeves as if he was about to get some things done.<br />
<br />
他把床单和衣服泡了满满一盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他一忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;一忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
<br />
He soaked a full tub of sheets and clothes. As he washed, his hands on the washboard slowed down, and his eyes rested on the opposite wall. There hung a new painting, with the oil not yet dry. One minute he tilted his head sideways, looking pleased with himself; the next he frowned, as if he had found something unsatisfactory.<br />
<br />
他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
<br />
He stood up sharply, wiped his soapy hands on his breast, took a brush, and jumped on the bench, making some changes on the painting.<br />
<br />
兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过一丝苦笑。<br />
<br />
Lanying lay on the bed, with a wry smile flitting across the corner of his mouth.<br />
<br />
画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
<br />
The painter jumped off the bench and went back to the washtub. After a while, he couldn't help looking up at the wall again...<br />
<br />
一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,一共跳了多少次?”<br />
<br />
The day passed. He finally finished washing a tub of clothes, taking more than seven hours on it, and did not have time to cook. The whole family was hungry. Lanying, angry and amused, asked humorously, "Hey, how many times did you jump up and down from the bench?"<br />
<br />
画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
<br />
The painter shook his head blankly.<br />
<br />
兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪——整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
<br />
Lanying said: "You do not remember. I counted it for you--twenty times! Oh, what am I gonna do about you? When doing housework, you are lazy than anyone; when picking up the brush, you are more diligent than anyone..."<br />
<br />
天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入睡;儿子一沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另一只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
<br />
It was dark, and snow fell heavily outside the window, like tearing the cotton wool. Lanying, looking at the ceiling, wasn’t able to sleep; as soon as her son touched the pillow, he fell into a sound and sweet sleep. In the other corner of the hut, under the dim light, the painter was rocking his daughter with one hand, while the other hand was holding a brush and painting. He hummed an improvised lullaby, the song echoing softly in the hut...<br />
<br />
漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
<br />
They spent many nights like this in the long winter.<br />
<br />
兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为一个正直的画家的妻子的全部甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
<br />
The husband’s humming rang in Lanying’s ears, and she silently sank in thought. When she first fell in love with him, she admired his integrity and loyalty to art. Now, she had experienced all the joys and sorrows of being the wife of an upright painter. He was content with being poor and lonely. He didn’t have a normal family life, couldn’t see the light at the end of the tunnel, only asking for work, not the harvest... Who but his wife really understood him? He not only was not understood by the society, but he was also identified as a bad man, with sticks always waving above his head. Whenever thinking of these, the pain of the poor couple's disharmony dissipated, and the wife's heart turned into a spring water, full of female tenderness.<br />
<br />
她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
<br />
She thought, if two people shared the housework, they would get nothing done. Even if she had a terrible backache tomorrow, she had to bite the bullet and get up, bearing the heavy load of housework...<br />
<br />
车轮下<br />
<br />
Under the Wheels<br />
<br />
袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng slept late at night and when he rubbed his eyes the next morning, it was already broad daylight outside the window. "Shit!" He dressed frantically, "I'll be late again..."<br />
<br />
兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为一家人做早饭。<br />
<br />
Lanying had already got up, enduring the back pain, and was making breakfast for the family.<br />
<br />
画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
<br />
The painter asked in amazement, "Who told you to get up? You are not well yet!"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺一躺。”画家匆匆吃过早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
<br />
Lanying said, "It's nothing, I'm still on sick leave anyway. I can still lie down after you leave." The painter hurriedly ate the breakfast, pushed the bicycle and rushed out the door.<br />
<br />
在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过一场大雪,北风一刮,马路上结着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, it was the season when dripping water turned into ice and the breath from the mouth immediately turned to frost. After a heavy snowfall, and when the north wind blew, the roads were thick with ice. The trees on the roadside were covered with silver flowers, and the buildings shone with a dazzling silver glow like a richly decorated jade palace.<br />
<br />
画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命 的时刻。<br />
<br />
The painter was very anxious. Early in the morning, for others was the beginning of the day's work, but for him was the continuation of the night's work. The turn of day and night was the moment when he was busy running around and exhausted.<br />
<br />
人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
<br />
How many ordeals there were in life! Social, natural and accidental...<br />
<br />
穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽听一阵隆隆的马达声。一辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
<br />
Through a street, there was a busy intersection ahead, cars running like the tide. He rode forward cautiously, and suddenly heard a rumble of motors. A reckless truck crossed the intersection, refusing to slow down, as if there was no one else there. <br />
With fast speed, slippery ground, and without preparation, the painter had been too late to dodge it. A crush with a sound of bang, the painter flew far away with the car and fell to the ground. Just then, another truck came from the opposite side, and the painter was passed under the wheels of the truck like a ball...<br />
<br />
街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
<br />
When the people in the street saw this scene of tragedy, they screamed and froze there.<br />
<br />
卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
<br />
The truck driver lost his composure, forgetting to brake in the panic, and putting his right foot on the accelerator and drove on. The truck's big wheels ran over the bicycle, the steel frame uttered a short groan, and the bicycle seat was crushed into a ball. The truck kept going towards the painter.<br />
<br />
这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸口一轧,就算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
<br />
It was a moment of pain, a moment of approaching death. It was over. As soon as the car rolled over his chest, his life was over. He had suffered repeatedly on the road of life, and had never been willing to give in to the fate, but this time he was afraid that he would not be able to escape. He left his beloved art, his wife and children, and died meaninglessly...<br />
<br />
按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同情——预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头——抗争！<br />
<br />
According to Goethe, people could only have three feelings about their own sufferings and that of others: fear, terror and sympathy--the anxiety of foreseeing the coming catastrophe, the unexpected discovery of current suffering and the sympathy for the suffering of the time or the past. However, the painter, who fell under the wheel, had none of these three feelings in the hazy consciousness that flashed through his mind. Even at such a moment, he showed his stubborn character, and had only one strong thought--to struggle!<br />
<br />
接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
<br />
What happened next was unbelievable to the startled roadside pedestrians. They saw the body that fell under the truck suddenly straightened up, stretching out a pair of arms, and clinging to the front bumper of the truck. The truck roared and shook, as if to destroy the barrier; the person under the wheels struggled, slid, and refused to give up. People in the streets of Changchun saw a scene of flesh and blood stubbornly fighting with the steel monster.<br />
<br />
“千万不能倒下！”画家想,“一倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
<br />
"I must not fall down!" The painter thought, "If I fall down, I'll never get up again..."<br />
<br />
卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
<br />
The truck dragged the painter along the icy road, for 5 meters, 10 meters... Until the driver regained his normal reflexes, he hit the brake, overcoming the car's inertia.<br />
<br />
画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
<br />
The painter was injured seriously and his clothes were torn into ragged strips. He was taken to the hospital.<br />
<br />
抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天才清醒过来。<br />
<br />
When Lanying, who was sick at home, heard the news, there was a buzz in her head, and she felt that the sky was spinning, and her legs went limp. It took her a long time to wake.<br />
<br />
兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾一切地赶到医院。存车的时候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙怎么也拔不出来。<br />
<br />
Lanying got on her bicycle and, not knowing where she got the strength, she rushed to the hospital regardless. When she stored the car, she lost strength again. She could hardly look at the hospital door, her hands were shaking, and she could not pull the key out.<br />
<br />
存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚才进医院的时候,自己还能走路。”<br />
<br />
The old lady at the parking lots recognized Lanying: "You are Yuan's lover, right? Don't be afraid. He just walked into the hospital by himself."<br />
<br />
兰英这才觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
<br />
Lanying felt relieved now.<br />
<br />
兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫妻双双躺在床上。<br />
<br />
Lanying took her husband home to recover from his injuries. After this mental stimulation, the sick wife’s body was heavier. Both the couple lay in bed.<br />
<br />
孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和女儿一人捧回一包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
<br />
The child was left unattended. Lanying took out a few cents and asked the children to buy food. After a while, the son and daughter each brought back a packet of cookies, standing by the bed with tears in their eyes.<br />
<br />
儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
<br />
The son said, "Dad, eat this."<br />
<br />
女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
<br />
The daughter said, "Daddy, eat mine."<br />
<br />
兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿......<br />
<br />
Lanying took the children into her arms, wiping away the tears on their little faces for both of them. The children understood the family situation and tasted the desolation and fears of life too soon. Lanying only regrated that she couldn’t have more money to give her husband and children a little spiritual and physical compensation...<br />
<br />
画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰问。他们留下一百块钱赔偿经济损失——画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
<br />
While the painter was recovering from his injuries, the driver who caused the accident and the head of his unit came to his house to apologize and express sympathy. They left a hundred yuan to compensate for the economic loss--the painter's clothes, bicycle and medical expenses.<br />
<br />
客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
<br />
After the guests left, the painter sat on the bed, deep in thought.<br />
<br />
兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看一眼也令人伤心。<br />
<br />
Lanying looked at the pile of money and sighed sadly. Because her husband got it by escaping from death, she was sad even by glancing at it.<br />
<br />
画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
<br />
The painter suddenly got out of bed and paced around the house.<br />
<br />
“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, are you crazy?" His wife said with the tone of blame, "Your leg is not yet healed. Back to bed!"<br />
<br />
画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民——我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去！”<br />
<br />
The painter walked up to his wife, his eyes shining with excitement, "Look, I can walk! You know, I haven't gone out to paint for a long time, because I don't have that condition. How I long for the grassland in northern Shaanxi, the rushing Yellow River, and the people there--I'll take this money and go to Yan'an to paint from life!"<br />
<br />
这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是一个贫病交困的人的最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对一些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那样遥远,拼着性命才能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
<br />
This was the voice in the heart of the artist who just got up from under the wheel! This was the highest hope of a poor and sick man! His request was so limited, which didn’t matter to some people, but was so far away for him, who needed to fight for it with his life. Lanying felt like her chest was hit hard, with her heart burning, and ran out of words. She looked at her husband's sincere face, and understood it. Now that it could bring joy and satisfaction to him who longed to paint, then let him go.<br />
<br />
数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
<br />
A few days later, Yuan Yunsheng, dragging his unhealed body, carrying a heavy pack and painting tools, set off on a snowy and windy road with his wife's affectionate gaze...<br />
<br />
袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng went through difficulties on the trip to northern Shaanxi. As months went by, his face was engraved with the marks of the plateau sun and sandstorms, and he returned home with his bag full of sketches.<br />
<br />
袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,一举一动都受到街道居委会的监视。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing, he went to see Jiang Feng. At that time, the air in Beijing was suffocating. Jiang Feng was over 60 years old, whose situation was even worse than before. He lived alone in a messy compound, and his every move was monitored by the street committee.<br />
<br />
袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没有什么值得高兴的——中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路线走一遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng sat in front of the past the secretary of the Party Committee, bringing recent news of the old areas of northern Shaanxi. The news was nothing to cheer about--the People's Republic of China had been founded for more than twenty years, and everywhere he went along the route of the Red Army’s strategic shift, the people were still living in poverty. The young painter declaimed against the country’s failings, but suddenly thought that the walls have ears, and worried about the situation of the old man, so he dropped the subject and quietly looked at Jiang Feng.<br />
<br />
江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上挂着一幅画框,嵌着一张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng listened peacefully, looking calm, and had not intention of stopping him. On the wall behind him hung a framed sketch, which was exactly the one that Yuan Yunsheng painted for Jiang Feng in the Shuangqiao farm ten years ago. The old man maintained his inherent dignity as usual, and was a true tough man. Yuan Yunsheng experienced once again the spiritual power that calmed people down.<br />
<br />
袁运生打开画夹,把一组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng opened the portfolio and placed a group of sketches of people in northern Shaanxi in front of Jiang Feng, including a shepherd with a wrinkled face, a young people with a cold gaze showing disdain for everything, and a rural girl with her head bowed in contemplation... These characters were real and simple, with distinctive characters, and the unprovoked, unintelligible or artificial smiles that often appeared in general paintings could not be found on their faces. He painted the unique temperament of the people in northern Shaanxi.<br />
<br />
“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
<br />
"No one will publish these pictures if you take them out now." Jiang Feng said, "Maybe if you lose sincerity, you will get praise. But I think you are on the right way. The artist can't cater to the mass!"<br />
<br />
袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手一丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out another long scroll of landscape, 68 centimeters wide and more than 400 centimeters long. This painting depicted the lofty Jiaji Pagoda, the flowing water of the Yellow River that broke the ice, and the vast plateau scenery. It took him two whole days to stand in the cold wind and meticulously paint it with his frozen hands, and the strokes were rigorous and majestic.<br />
<br />
画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于1974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
<br />
In one corner of the picture were noted a few lines of small characters: "Written two days after painting at the end of December 1974, when the Yellow River water just broke the ice and flowed on."<br />
<br />
江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他说:“呵,黄河!一泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声音……"<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng extremely liked it after looking at it. The familiar scenery in northern Shaanxi in the picture evoked the strong feelings of the veteran of Yan’an. He said, "Oh, Yellow River! Flowing down vigorously, rushing and surging, and stirring up lofty high raging waves. I seem to hear its voice again..."<br />
<br />
春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了!<br />
<br />
The day finally came like the spring water breaking through the ice and fire erupting from the heart of the earth!<br />
<br />
担担画<br />
<br />
Shoulder Pole Painting<br />
<br />
“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
<br />
When the "Gang of Four" disappeared from political life, the art world burst into life.<br />
<br />
美术界一些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头角,施展才华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是一个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。这个磨砺精深的艺术家，就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
<br />
Some upright men in the art world sympathized with Yuan Yunsheng, whose talent had been buried for many years, and hoped that he could show his talent again. Zhang Ding, the president of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, wrote specially to recommend him to paint. Fei Zheng, who was now the vice chairman of the Hebei Art Association, also made an effort to help him. However, all these efforts were mildly rebuffed and turned back by various excuses. It was clear that Yuan Yunsheng's name was still an ominous thing, subject to indifference and discrimination. This artist with superb painting skills did not even have the opportunity to draw a comic book.<br />
<br />
乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
<br />
Even when it's warmer there is still a chill. It is most difficult to keep well.<br />
<br />
在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,一头不驯服的长发如垂下万根烦恼丝 。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
<br />
In his humble room in Changchun, Yuan Yunsheng was drawing a portrait of himself with a brush in his hand in front of a mirror. A head full of sadness appeared on the sketch, with deep creases, a weed-like beard, and long untamed hair such as hanging down ten thousand trouble silk. His hair was very long and he didn’t have time to care about it, so rarely trimmed it. This appearance, from the personality of the art, matched the painter's difficult state of mind and stubborn temperament... He was nearly forty years old. Since the criticism of ''Memory of the Water Town'', he had not painted a picture according to his own will for more than ten years. How could it not make him have thousands of trouble silk!<br />
<br />
他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
<br />
He threw down his paintbrush irritably and picked up a novel to kill time.<br />
<br />
兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
<br />
Every time Lanying returned home, she always asked with concern, "Yunsheng, have you got any news?"<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head, and the wife sighed.<br />
<br />
兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
<br />
Lanying was already a middle-aged woman. She gave birth to a third child and shouldered the burden of a family of five. On the family agenda, Lanying's main concern was still her husband's art. Art brought joy to her husband, and his joy was her joy. She also waited with the same anxiety.<br />
<br />
1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
<br />
In May 1978, the enthusiastic efforts of a few friends finally paid off, and Yuan Yunsheng got a chance to go out sketching in the beautiful Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province.<br />
<br />
他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了妻子,全家人像过节一样快乐。<br />
<br />
When he received the telegram from Yunnan People's Publishing House, he was ecstatically happy. He immediately told his wife this excellent thing and the whole family was happy just like at a festival.<br />
<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
<br />
His son asked curiously, "Dad, what does Xishuangbanna look like?"<br />
<br />
“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
<br />
"Beautiful!" He said with a smile, "I'll show you the picture I paint when I came back."<br />
<br />
女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
<br />
His daughter tugged at his coat: "Dad, what good things are there in Xishuangbanna?"<br />
<br />
“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
<br />
"There’s a lot of fruit." He stroked his daughter's head, "I'll buy some for you to eat."<br />
<br />
他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
<br />
He was busy packing and organizing his painting tools, making a big mess, and he could not wait to start on his way.<br />
<br />
兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying looked at the things spread all over the floor and asked in amazement: "Why do you bring so many things?"<br />
<br />
丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注一掷了!”<br />
<br />
Her husband said, "It's a rare opportunity, so I need to go for broke!"<br />
<br />
是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使一颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴一样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
<br />
Yes, this painter had been treated coldly for many years. If you think about his action of picking himself up from under the wheel and going to northern Shaanxi that year, you can understand his feelings at this moment. He was eager to go deeply into life and considered it more important than life. Now, a publishing unit sent a formal invitation to him, which made the heart of a man who was loyal to art ablaze like dry firewood.<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,一针针,一线线,直缝到天色薄明。<br />
<br />
In the evening, Lanying found some old cloth and sewed a backpack for her husband under the lamp, needle by needle, thread by thread, until the break of dawn.<br />
<br />
“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
<br />
"How long will you go this time?" Lanying asked.<br />
<br />
“三个月吧。”画家说,“你一个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
<br />
"About three months." The painter said, "Can you take after three children alone?"<br />
<br />
妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
<br />
The wife smiled: "I'm satisfied that you can think of my difficulties..."<br />
<br />
这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府——景洪。他被西双版纳惊人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁着珠光宝气。<br />
<br />
In May of that year, Yuan arrived at Jinghong, the capital of Xishuangbanna, on the banks of the Lancang River. He was deeply shocked by the amazing beauty of Xishuangbanna. When he looked up, everywhere was rich green, and everywhere was picturesque. <br />
The forest was as green as emerald, the valley was like being paved with green velvet, the river was like flowing congealed fat, and the moist air also felt like crystal. No wonder the Dai people compared Xishuangbanna to a shining jewel. The mountains and waters here were glittering with pearls.<br />
<br />
有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
<br />
Who could feel the beauty of life better than a painter? There were so many beautiful sceneries, as if he came to the paradise in hope. The creator of nature seemed to have a special love for this land and poured out the romantic colors of the world everywhere, so that he feasted his eyes on it and he was ecstatic!<br />
<br />
他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地 。招待所的服务人员很有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进一间中等客房。<br />
<br />
He checked in the Jinghong hostel and took a break, preparing to go deeper into the Xishuangbanna. The hostel staff received the painter politely, leading him into a moderate room.<br />
<br />
画家开口就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "How much does this room cost for one day?"<br />
<br />
服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
<br />
The staff said, "Two yuan and a half."<br />
<br />
“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
<br />
"Is there any room cheaper?"<br />
<br />
“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"There is one for seventy dimes a day."<br />
<br />
“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"Good! I’ll check in this room."<br />
<br />
他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下一步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
<br />
He was used to being careful with his money. When he left Changchun, he borrowed a limited amount of money from his unit. He spent a large part of it in the road, and the next economic source was still unknown... The painter plunged into the thick of life and everyone lived well, but he was willing to live in the bottom.<br />
<br />
幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
<br />
Fortunately, Fei Zheng supported him again, sending him 300 yuan from Hebei. This was three-quarters of Fei Zheng's demobilization fee. This timely and generous support gave Yuan Yunsheng the courage to move forward.<br />
<br />
云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
<br />
The Yunnan People's Publishing House assigned a young editor to accompany Yuan Yunsheng to paint. When the Dai boy came to meet him at the hostel, the painter took out everything he had brought from Changchun.<br />
<br />
好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有140多斤重。小伙子看了直抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
<br />
My goodness! The big wooden box contained 18 pieces of plywood, several big bundles of manuscript paper, and a backpack as big as a sack, which was stuffed with pigments, painting tools and daily necessities... They weighed more than 140 pounds altogether. The young man scratched the back of his head after looking at them. He couldn’t imagine how the painter carried them off the train and took them into the dense forests of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out a shoulder pole, smiling at the young man.<br />
<br />
瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
<br />
Look how proud he was, as if he wanted to take the natural scenery of Xishuangbanna into his bag. A few days later, he picked this bent shoulder pole, into the lush subtropical jungle...<br />
<br />
奏鸣曲<br />
<br />
Sonata<br />
<br />
瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
<br />
Look, that was the big banyan tree! Its crown was like clouds that could shelter against the sun, as a solemn and benevolent old grandmother.<br />
<br />
呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
<br />
Ah, that was the areca nut tree, straight and tall, and the local young men and women used it to symbolize everlasting love.<br />
<br />
那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝一样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
<br />
That was the sandalwood tree, whose branches and leaves were as thin as hair. It looked so dashing, like a poet reciting poetry with his hair hanging down.<br />
<br />
就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
<br />
Even the bamboo forest here was different. It was luxuriant and verdant, growing in clusters, like a peacock showing its tail.<br />
<br />
西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在一棵树前,一画就是一整天。<br />
<br />
The plants in Xishuangbanna were the most beautiful! The abundant sunshine and humid climate gave the plant population a particularly rich, dense, and graceful image. The world here was unparalleled, and was looked full of beautiful things. The painter had to suppress his excitement, to gather his feelings and to retain his feelings more precisely in a slower way. He stood in front of a tree and painte all day.<br />
<br />
“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
<br />
"Hey, what kind of tree is that?" The painter asked his fellow editor.<br />
<br />
“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
<br />
"It's called the pattra-leaf tree." The young man enthusiastically introduced, "The Dai people use its leaves instead of paper, and many ancient folklores are recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra."<br />
<br />
袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。每一笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理睬......<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng spread out the paper and painted the unique canopies of the pattra-leaf tree, which were in order, as if the tree wore an armor made of metal chains. Each brush stroke played its role, showing the vitality of green life in layers on the paper. The tropical sun was shooting flames above the painter's head, and it was very hot that beads of sweat oozed from his head. Swarms of insects flew out of the grass and could not be driven away. His legs were red and felt itchy from being bitten. He shook his head helplessly and simply ignored them...<br />
<br />
中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来才深有感受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
<br />
At noon, the young man brought two glutinous rice cakes and thrust them into the painter's hand: "I deeply feel that painting is really a hard job when I come out with you."<br />
<br />
画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在一起的......”<br />
<br />
The painter said with a smile, "Beauty and bitter are always linked together..."<br />
<br />
他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
<br />
They had been staying in a Dai family's bamboo hut. The painter got to know the customs of this warm and kind ethnic group from the perspective of daily life.<br />
<br />
每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
<br />
Every day after dinner, the painter came out of the bamboo hut and went to the forest glade. This was the most charming moment in Xishuangbanna. The sunset glow tinted the village, the treetops, and the water of Lancang River red. A group of Dai girls came slowly, carrying small spinning wheels on their shoulders, small lanterns in their hands, and their tight and floor-length dresses swaying with the wind. They were so slender, so light on their feet, and so graceful, as if a group of beautiful fairies had descended from the sky.<br />
<br />
“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露一截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后一盘,自然地溜向一边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
<br />
"So beautiful!" The painter expressed his feeling to the companion, "Look, those girls' girdles, golden and silver, are like exquisite crafts. But I will never paint their girdles, which will separate the body and destroy the integrity of it. I prefer their natural dressing. See, those girls' dressing is very natural. Their jackets are short, their skirts are long, and a part of the waist is exposed between the jacket and the skirt, which is a high level of aesthetic point of view, making them look slim and tall, pavilion... And look at their hairstyle, tying the hair into a bun, which is naturally slipped to one side. It has got a real Tang style! This ethnic group is amazing. They know best the beauty of details..."<br />
<br />
少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来一阵阵悠扬的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
<br />
The girls dispersed to all corners of the forest glade. Small groups of boys came out of nowhere, and gathered around the girls, talking and laughing. Through the twilight, an orange lantern was lit, and there came the sound of spinning wheels. Dai women had known since childhood not to rely on their parents but to rely on hard-working hands to prepare their own dowry. They were weaving happy love.<br />
<br />
诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就在苦苦思索一个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
<br />
The poetic atmosphere of the southern border was knocking on the window of the artist's inspiration. Whenever such a moment came, Yuan Yunsheng was thinking hard about a question: What was the master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
<br />
Was beauty in your colorful appearance and jewelry with pearls and jades? Painted your face, but could not paint your unique charm; collapsed at your feet, only acting as a servant of the naturalism.<br />
<br />
面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我感受却不尽相同。一百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,一百种不同的表现方法。<br />
<br />
Faced with the same object, the images on different painters’ retinas were the same; however, their own feelings were not the same. A hundred painters could have a hundred different answers, and a hundred different methods of expression.<br />
<br />
艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。 <br />
<br />
Art was valued for having a "self". He was looking for “his” own Xishuangbanna.<br />
<br />
从夏末到中秋,他在一串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勐定的一个偏僻的小村寨。<br />
<br />
From late summer to mid-autumn, he left his footprints in a string of pearl-like place names, and then came to a small remote village in Mengding.<br />
<br />
这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本寨的荣耀。<br />
<br />
The painter's visit caused a sensation in the small cottage, where apparently few guests had visited. During the evening meeting, the whole village cast warm and curious glances at him with laughter and noise, as if his arrival was an honor for the village.<br />
<br />
同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无力同病魔斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是“鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者一商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
<br />
The fellow editor told him that the village was called "Ghost Village". Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Dai people could not fight against illnesses. If someone was ill, it was said that he was possessed by a "ghost". When someone in the same village was pointed out to be the incarnation of the "ghost", several "respected" elders would immediately drive him out after discussion. Over time, those who were driven out formed a village, gathering a group of people who were discriminated against.<br />
<br />
“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的一瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
<br />
The sufferings of the people in the "ghost village" drew the deep sympathy of the painter. The painter cast a friendly glance at them and found that the people here had beautiful looks. If the Dai ethnic group was a beautiful ethnic group, this village was the essence of beauty. The girls like flowers, the charming women, the sturdy young men, all of whom were happy to accept the painter's request to make a sketch of themselves. Later, they simply came to the painter's home and stood in front of him with good grace, hoping to attract his attention. The painter was so busy that he waved his hand without a break. They loved beauty by nature and were proud of it.<br />
<br />
小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在一起进餐,然后由男方挑着担子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像一泓溪水那样清澈。<br />
<br />
Life in the small village was calm and quiet. The painter lived for many days and he didn't hear of any family quarrel. Men and women were financially independent of each other, and earned income, daily necessities, and working tools were clearly divided. When there were rifts in a family, the woman usually proposed to move away. The whole family sat quietly together for a meal before her departure, and then the man carried the pole to see her off. They treated each other with respect. The old and young were in harmony with each other. The young generation respected the elders and served them with courtesy; the elders took care of the younger generation, but never rigidly restrain them... What a simple relationship between them! It was not polluted by the secular society, as clear as a stream.<br />
<br />
一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
<br />
After a day’s work, the young men and women danced the Elach on the green grass. Joyful drumbeats and the crisp sound of gongs created a distinctive rhythm. The girls formed a queue, stepping gracefully and stretching their soft arms. They had reserved and self-respecting looks with a solemn yearning in the haze. What were they yearning for?<br />
<br />
这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在古老的贝叶经里的传说——从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑娘们生出一计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头一沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
<br />
This was a common dance in the Water-Sprinkling Festival. The Dai editor who accompanied the painter told the painter a legend recorded in the ancient the Pattra-leaf Sutra--once upon a time there was an ugly demon Lord who wanted to take the beautiful girls from each village for himself. He plundered six girls and wanted to take the seventh one, which was hated by the Dai people. The girls came up with a plan to get him drunk and asked him, "What are you most afraid of?" The devil said that he was afraid of nothing. He could only be strangled with his hair, but he could be reborn when his head touched the ground... The girls strangled his head while he was drunk. In order to keep his head from touching the ground, the girls took turns to hold his head in their hands. The annual Water-Sprinkling Festival was to celebrate the people's victory over devilry and to wash away the dirty stains left behind by the demon Lord, so that the spring of freedom and happiness was always in the hearts of the Dai people...<br />
<br />
晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
<br />
At night, the painter returned to the bamboo hut. The moonlight was bright and the shadow of trees was dancing, like flowing mercury pouring in front of the door. On this silent night, he could not sleep for a long time.<br />
<br />
广为流传的神话传说,往往是一个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑海里汇集,逐渐熔化为一团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西双版纳。这是一个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条——单纯与丰富高度和谐地统一!<br />
<br />
Widespread myths and legends were often the windows to the mind of an ethnic group. The story about the origin of the Water-Sprinkling Festival deepened the painter's understanding of this ethnic group who loved beauty. Since he set foot on the land of Xishuangbanna, the mountains, rivers, forests, people and landscapes he saw were like countless colorful light spots, whirling and flickering, gathering in his mind, and gradually melting into a bright flame, which rose from the canopy of thinking. Oh! The master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna, wasn’t the spiritual power of the Dai people to worship a better future and great love? Their hearts were so clean that they always kept their ethnic group’s nature of purity. So, the colorful and vibrant plants, and the natural and simple Dai women with their unique beauty constituted the painter’s general image of Xishuangbanna: "my" own Xishuangbanna. This was a world of lines, soft and elastic lines, unrestrained and smooth lines, upright and beautiful lines, and also tangled and slow lines like gossamers--simplicity and richness were highly harmonious!<br />
<br />
他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的一组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
<br />
He waved lines and made hundreds of line-drawing paintings. If the heavy color painting was compared to the symphony, the line drawing was the solo of lines. Yuan Yunsheng's artistic style, which was formed through years of honing, showed a fantastic charm in the solo of lines. It was a set of passionate sonatas that he dedicated to the Dai people with sincere feelings.<br />
<br />
昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
<br />
Kunming held an exhibition for Yuan Yunsheng. His paintings were delivered to the Yunnan People's Publishing House for selection and editing. The foreword written for him by the editor Liu Shaohui began with a few lines from the Dai folk narrative poem ''The Gourd Letter''.<br />
<br />
公主啊!<br />
<br />
O Princess!<br />
<br />
你是一颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
<br />
You are a brilliant jewel,<br />
<br />
但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
<br />
I wish I were a silversmith,<br />
<br />
把宝石镶在我的心上......<br />
<br />
Setting the jewel in my heart...<br />
<br />
他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
<br />
He praised Yuan Yunsheng for setting the "jewel" of Xishuangbanna in his heart.<br />
<br />
二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
<br />
For more than twenty years, it was the first time Yuan Yunsheng heard an affirmation of his art.<br />
<br />
袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
<br />
During his stay in Yunnan, Yuan Yunsheng constantly received letters from his wife, who told him they were safe.<br />
<br />
兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
<br />
What Lanying said in the letter made the painter felt like drinking a glass of sweet spring water, cool and delicious, soothing and cheerful when he read each letter. At the end of his wife's letters, there were always these lines: "Don't worry about the family. Paint your paintings, and if you can't finish them, you don't have to hurry back..."<br />
<br />
画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
<br />
The painter smiled with relief. During his busy days in Xishuangbanna, his main worry was "the fire in the backyard", but his wife's letter lifted his worries.<br />
<br />
其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
<br />
In fact, it was an eventful year. A wind of earthquakes blew in Changchun, and the whole city was in a panic. People were busy building quake-proof shelters, moving things, and transferring to shelters.<br />
<br />
画家在长春的一个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁愕然了。<br />
<br />
A friend of the painter in Changchun, thinking of the painter's wife and children, rushed to their home to visit. He was stunned.<br />
<br />
这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出一个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗震棚挪动着……<br />
<br />
The humble room was as it had been, and the furniture and sundries were not organized. The children were playing with their heads down. Lanying, bending over and sweating, dragged out a heavy wooden box full of the painter's paintings from the house, and moved it to the nearby quake-proof shelter...<br />
<br />
显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
<br />
Obviously, this was the most precious thing in the heart of the painter's wife. She knew the painter's hardship best, understanding the value of art from the hardships of it.<br />
<br />
朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道。<br />
<br />
The friend's heart trembled with excitement. Lanying still did not tell her husband about this. If his friend had not later recounted the scene he saw, he would never have known.<br />
<br />
壁画之梦 <br />
<br />
The Dream of Murals<br />
<br />
不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。 <br />
<br />
At some point, through the glass window covered with ice flowers, a hazy blue light came in, like a fairy stretching out her white arms and lifting the veil as soft as a dream.<br />
<br />
屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀一样扑朔不定。 <br />
<br />
The room seemed bright and dim, with faint yellow glow of the electric light and murky air around, and the glow fluttered in a haze of smoke like wings.<br />
<br />
他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。 <br />
<br />
He wagged his head vigorously, and rubbed his eyes. The paintings on the table turned into a white mist, rising and spreading. Everything was blurred.<br />
<br />
他搞不清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里…… <br />
<br />
He didn’t know whether he was awake at the moment, or vaguely in a dream...<br />
<br />
昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。一抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从梦境回到了现实的世界。 <br />
<br />
Last night he slept too late and smoked too much. Or rather, he didn't sleep, just lying next to the messy paintings and ashtray full of cigarette butts on the table for a while. When he looked up, it was dawn. The first ray of morning sunlight caressed the buildings in the suburbs of Beijing. He pushed the window open, and let the cold morning breeze chase away the fatigue of the night. He went back from the dream to the real world.<br />
<br />
这是1979年1月,在北京白家庄。 <br />
<br />
It was January 1979, in Baijiazhuang, Beijing.<br />
<br />
袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和工艺美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得到了推荐,也在被邀请之列。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing on his way home from a six-month-long trip to Yunnan. A great joy forced him to stay in Beijing. At that time, the new terminal building of Capital Airport was like a magnificent crystal palace going up in the eastern suburbs of Beijing, equipped with the world's most advanced technology. The spacious and comfortable departure lounges and restaurants, automatic doors, baggage carousels, weight scales with electronic digital display, special quartz clocks made by Seikosha, high-efficiency indoor air conditioning devices, precise navigation and communication systems... They constituted the magnificent air gateway of the capital, whose degree of modernization was unparalleled in China. In today's world, modern architectural design was integrated with exquisite art decoration, and the ancient mural art was revived, accommodating with the development of construction industry based on new industrial technology. People in charge of the capital airport were managers of the new enterprise indeed. They invited more than fifty excellent artists as well as arts and crafts workers, led by Zhang Ding, the dean of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, to create a large modern murals for the terminal building. Yuan Yunsheng, who had been silent for more than two decades, was lucky enough to be recommended and was among the invitees.<br />
<br />
随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使一些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单一些,拿他的话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。” <br />
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With the opening of a crack in the window of ideological liberation in early 1979, the close relationship between literature and art and politics, which was very hot, was gradually adjusted over the years, making some artists calm down. They reconsidered the old and difficult proposition of the relationship between literature and art and politics, and denied the claim that literature and art was subordinate to politics. Their intentions were kind and peaceful, unwilling to use the arrow of art to touch sensitive political issues to avoid being blamed for something other than art; at the same time, they hoped to escape from the influence of the wind change and maintain the relative stability of the range of art, without rising or falling like a floating feather. But Yuan Yunsheng thought more simply, in his words, "Art is art, which needs to be sincere."<br />
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袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节——生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻辑和客观条件应运而生的。 <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng's large mural design ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', was born based on this simple logic and objective conditions.<br />
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候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的一块地方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴的哲理。他决定抦弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。” <br />
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A large wall of the passenger’s dining room in the terminal, together with a corner, was given to him. What a big space! He stood before the white wall, astonished and delighted, wanting to pour out all the words in the heart to this wall. Artistic creation always spared no effort without reservation to present the most beautiful part of the artist's feelings of the mind. For more than twenty years, the language of art and life he had accumulated resounded in his heart like a surging river, and the unforgettable impression he had from his trip to Xishuangbanna was the climax of the good things and the leaping wave of his whole life experience. At that time, the only subject he thought of was the Water-Splashing Festival. The myths and legends he heard, recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra condensed the emotions like flames, the free imagination and the clear and pure philosophy of the tropical ethnic group. He decided to abandon the conception of genre and narrative paintings and used the lines he had practiced over the years to express the people's desire for a future of freedom and happiness. He said, “It is a pleasant surprise for me to paint a mural praising the spirit and sentiment of the Dai people on a huge wall with 27 meters wide and 3.4 meters high."<br />
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主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知命运如何? <br />
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Artists who advocated art for the sake of politics could also attribute this subject to politics. However, this idea, after all, left the specific political context and contained the deeper and more distant time and space as well as timeless themes. If it was in the past, such an artistic conception would have been intervened by politics and would have been accused of rebelling against orthodoxy. What was his fate this time?<br />
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袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境…… <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng's brother, Yuan Yunfu, gave him a room in his apartment in Baijiazhuang, which was both a bedroom and a studio. However, the small bed was rarely used. He spread out his sketch and entered a dream, a dream of flowing lines and beautiful colors...<br />
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在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统一。那座大门却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门搏斗,一支接一支地吸烟,一张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。 <br />
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In the dream of art, there were also untold troubles. Apart from anything else, the door in the wall of the dining room was annoying. Originally, the artistic language of mural should be harmonized with the artistic language of architecture. The door, however, divided the wall and become an obstacle to the artistic conception. He spent the whole night fighting with the annoying door, smoking one cigarette after another, and drawing one sketch after another. His brother lived in the room opposite to his room, who could see the light coming from the crack of the door all night long, and the smell of smoke wafted up. And his energy, effort and life were consumed in the light blue smoke. The next day when the door was opened, his face was pale.<br />
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“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。 <br />
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"How can your body stand it!" Yuan Yunfu said.<br />
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“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……” <br />
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"It's doesn't matter." He smiled faintly, "I get used to it..."<br />
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在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出一股韧性。为了重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟此时的心情。 <br />
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In the eyes of the elder brother, his younger brother was a completely different people than before. On the night more than twenty years ago, when Yuan Yunsheng told his brother that he was classified as a "rightist” in the same room, his round face was full of innocence, as if he was telling a light anecdote. Now, that face had experienced the hardships and troubles of life, stumbling on the rugged road, and had become angular with a stern look, revealing a resilience. In order to regain this opportunity to create in Beijing, what a price he had to pay! Yuan Yunfu understood his brother's feelings at this time.<br />
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整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法——“拱桥的两头很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》） <br />
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All day long, Yuan Yunsheng locked himself in his room and had a dream of mural. He was inspired by the familar principle of the arch bridge in the suburbs of Suzhou, and found a way to cross the gate -- “The two ends of the arch bridge are very heavy, holding the towering and thin top. It is stable in mechanics, and how beautiful the curve like the rainbow is! The idea of constructing a rainbow of people with the activities of the Dai people is fascinating..." (quoted in ''Art Research'', Issue 1, 1980, Yuan Yunsheng: ''The Dream of Murals'')<br />
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实现这个迷人的想法,真是一项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每一个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了…… <br />
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It was a huge project to realize this fascinating idea. The splendid and colorful images of the Water-Splashing Festival came to his eyes: carrying water, sharing water, splashing water, dancing, boat racing, bathing at night, the quiet family life in the bamboo house of the Dai people and the young men and women who didn’t want to leave with each other in the jungle after dusk... Hundreds of characters appeared under his brush, and each of them was vivid and true. At the same time, it was decorative, exaggerated, personalized, and full of lyricism. The sketch was longer and longer, and the crowds like the rainbow were stretching out. The painter, who was immersed in the frenzy of his creation, seemed to be accompanied by music in his ears. He grasped the brush as if grasping the baton of the symphony orchestra, to express the shifts of melody and rhythm through the flowing lines, and the solemn, fervent and tenaciously upward theme song gradually rose up...<br />
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又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还有灯光。 <br />
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It was another early morning that Yuan Yunfu, who lived in the opposite room, woke up from his sleep and saw the light under the door of his brother’s room.<br />
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这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧…… <br />
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Yuan Yunfu was also very tired these days. He also participated in the creation of murals at the Capital Airport, painting the first draft of ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan''. If he was exploring the path of art with his experience and artistic accomplishment, his brother was sprinting with his life. Half a month passed, in fifteen days and nights, the light in the opposite room did not go out. What an amazing perseverance! Even the golden stone should cry for his sincerity of the art... <br />
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对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀! <br />
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A light blue smoke was coming from the opposite room with a heavy coughing sound, each hoarser than the last. However, he was still painting, and still smoking incessantly. The coughing sound could be heard without end, and it was heart-wrenching to hear it in the silence before dawn. He was destroying the foundation of his health to build a spiritual building, and the lines on the sketch were clearly the blood streak of life!<br />
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天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休息几天,回长春去过年吧。” <br />
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After dawn, Yuan Yunfu said to his brother, "You probably forget that the day after tomorrow is Lunar New Year's Eve. I advise you to take a few days off and go back to Changchun for the New Year."<br />
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袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用。第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制。” <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng shook his head, “I don’t have enough time. Although the second draft was drawn, but I haven’t had time to copy it."<br />
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“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。” <br />
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"You don’t care about your own body, but you have to think about Lanying.” His brother said. "You have been away from Changchun for more than six months. It is unreasonable for you not to go back for the Spring Festival."<br />
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提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能在家待几天?” <br />
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When it came to Lanying, Yuan Yunsheng was no longer obstinate. On New Year's Eve, he rushed back to Changchun. Lanying asked him, "How many days can you stay at home this time?"<br />
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画家说:“春节一过,还得讨论画稿。这一稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了。” <br />
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The painter said, "After the New Year, I still have to discuss the drafts. I have not made a copy of this one yet, so I brought it back home."<br />
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兰英叹了一口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……” <br />
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Lanying sighed, "So, even in the Spring Festival, you still can’t have a good rest..."<br />
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画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。” <br />
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The painter said, "It's not difficult to copy, but it takes time."<br />
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兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?” <br />
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Lanying thought about it, "Well, can I help you?"<br />
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画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。 <br />
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The painter looked at his wife with affection and nodded.<br />
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这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下一个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹…… <br />
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This was the first time that Lanying was directly involved in her husband's artistic creation. At night, they turned on the lamp, set up a glass plate, laid out a translucent copy paper, and copied the painting of the Water-Splashing Festival together. This work, which celebrated the Dai people, also left traces of a Han woman's feelings...<br />
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从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
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From the first to the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, they spent their time in this way. Lanying and the painter stayed up late together.<br />
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忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴云笼罩着...... <br />
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The busy painter did not even notice that Lanying's thin face was more withered, covered by the heavy cloud of illness...<br />
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牛皮纸 <br />
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Kraft Paper<br />
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春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。 <br />
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Just after the Spring Festival, Yuan Yunsheng returned to Beijing with the colored design.<br />
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绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
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Preparations for the mural painting were under way intensely. In order to get the best artistic effect, Capital Airport imported a batch of acrylic paints from Hong Kong. This was a new painting material popular in Europe, America and Japan in recent years. It had bright and soft color, strong covering power, and was suitable for multi-layered sfumato and foil, and maintained the stability of the color of the painting for a long time under various conditions of wetting, drying, hot and cold.<br />
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参加《泼水节——生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
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Lian Weiyun and Fei Zheng, two collaborators who participated in the painting of ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', also arrived in succession. They were both accomplished middle-aged artists. After looking Yuan Yunsheng's design, they were impressed by the charm of the combination of traditional techniques of Chinese painting and western modern art, and were interested in it and eager to have a try.<br />
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脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。 <br />
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The scaffolding was set up and the walls were covered with solid backing cloth. Everything was ready and it was early summer. One day in June, Lanying came to Beijing from Changchun.<br />
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兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的一次妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。 <br />
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This time, Lanying made a special trip to Beijing to see a doctor. In fact, her condition had already been discovered. In a gynecological examination before the Spring Festival, the doctor felt an obvious foreign body in the uterus. Because her husband was away and she needed to take care of the children, her illness had not been treated. Recently, due to the rapid aggravation of her condition, she had to go to a large hospital in Beijing for a diagnosis.<br />
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在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻待在一起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮工。 <br />
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While waiting to see a doctor, Lanying and her husband stayed in a newly built hotel for international flight crews at the Capital Airport. The room was small but comfortable with spring beds, a bathroom, and shutters in the ceiling also indicated that there was air-conditioning equipment. Since her marriage, Lanying had never lived in such a high-class accommodation with her husband. However, the time the couple spent together was still limited. Every day, when the first purple rays of the morning sun came in through the curtains, Yuan Yunsheng turned over and got up, hurriedly wipded the face. The sound of rushing away footsteps could be heard in the corridor. After a busy day, it was already late at night when he returned, covered in sweat and paint, like a house repairman who had just climbed down from the scaffolding.<br />
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好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是出乎意料的,几个月以前的一小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到癌——恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢? <br />
<br />
Finally, it was the day of diagnosis. When Lanying got the diagnosis, moving tired steps out of the hospital, she felt her body and mind sinking downward, as if sinking into a bottomless abyss. The rate of the development of the disease was unexpected, a small foreign body a few months ago had grown into a big lump. Lanying herself was a surgeon, with professional knowledge and clinical experience, who understood the seriousness in the rate of deterioration of the disease. She thought about cancer--malignant cells tended to cause malformed expansion, while benign tumors were relatively steady; if it was not cancer, it was just a fluke. She walked slowly, and her mind was empty, the grey mist floating and sparks of consciousness flickering on and off. She felt painfully, intuitively, that the defenses of her health had been destroyed by everyday’s pressure because of excessive worry and fatigue from chores over the years. Did her lover, her children and everything in the future still belong to her?<br />
<br />
她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了候机大楼,站在脚手架旁…… <br />
<br />
She went back to the airport. The painter could not be found at the accommodation during the day. She stepped across the long asphalt road, entered the terminal building, and stood by the scaffolding...<br />
<br />
大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着一场真正的建设——脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。 <br />
<br />
The lobby was spacious and solemn. The new glass windows reflected the blue sky, and the abundant light rushed in and then spread out, softly scattering on the four walls. Here, in the heat of June, there was a real construction going on--the huge structure of scaffolding climbing up to the roof; on the ground, brushes, palettes and paint buckets were piled up haphazardly, showing how busy the art site was.<br />
<br />
兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在…… <br />
<br />
Lanying looked up and found her husband's figure on the scaffolding. He bent over, holding a brush in his hand, sketching on the wall. His long black hair hang down from his forehead, swinging ceaselessly in the air with his body, as if a cellist holding the bowstring was absorbed in the enchanting music he was playing, and the world around him no longer existed...<br />
<br />
兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,一个艺术赤子的オ华、智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。 <br />
<br />
Lanying stood there dumbfounded. Here and now, perhaps only she could deeply understand her husband's state of mind. From the tiny world of that humble room in Changchun to this grand and spacious lobby, the talents, wisdom and suppressed ambition of a man who was loyal to art broke away from all fetters and poured out. He even wanted to put his hot life into the tip of the brush, pouring, splashing and melting into the picture in front of him.<br />
<br />
墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华! <br />
<br />
Various lines on the wall presented the dense jungle in Xishuangbanna, full of vitality. With the movement of the brush, like the process happened in color developer in the darkroom, the images of several Dai women gradually became clear. Their stretched waists, flexible arms, and action of strong inclination added the sense of motion of the scene of water splashing. Lanying seemed to hear the cheerful rhythm of the small gong and the exciting drumbeat of the elephant-foot drum. The hazy expressions in the women's faces had infinite yearnings. Thus, the dead wall became alive. It was the artist's passion for life was shining, the reproduction of a beautiful vision. The limited life of the artist was sublimated in the meaningful art!<br />
<br />
站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。 <br />
<br />
Standing behind the art stage to see the art was the easiest to touch off the aftertaste of life. <br />
<br />
兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得到了精神的补偿。 <br />
<br />
Lanying felt relaxed, and the heavy feeling like being clogged with lead when she left the hospital was alleviated. Art had already intruded into her destiny, turning her from an outsider into an insider. She got spiritual compensation from the breath of artistic creation.<br />
<br />
这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查有结果了吗?” <br />
<br />
At this time, the painter climbed down from the scaffolding, spotted his wife at a glance, and walked quickly towards her, "Did you get the result of the examination at the hospital?"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说......” <br />
<br />
Lanying said. "Go on with your work. I’ll talk to you when we came back..."<br />
<br />
妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。” <br />
<br />
The peaceful face of his wife reassured the painter. He said, "You should stay in your room and have a good rest."<br />
<br />
“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
<br />
"I'm not tired. Lanying smiled faintly and said with studied casualness, "What can I do for you?"<br />
<br />
Chapter Two<br />
<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对一对画稿上的人物动作。” <br />
<br />
The painter seriously considered for a moment: “Oh, I need you here. Please imitate and check the action of the characters on the sketch for our reference.” <br />
<br />
“好吧。”妻子应允了。 <br />
<br />
"All right." The wife agreed.<br />
<br />
兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容…… <br />
<br />
Lanying made various body movements on the painter’s instructions. Fortunately, she was an active member of the literary and artistic activities twenty years ago with a little dance skills, natural movements, and an ideal slender body. It consumed a lot of time, and the painter looked left and right, directing Lanying's posture while examining the characters on the sketch. For Lanying, who was ill, it was an excessive burden. But she maintained a dignified posture with great endurance, and a serene smile appeared on her pale and tired face...<br />
<br />
几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为一个外科医生,如果给自己开一张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的一桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カ一搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏在心底很久很久了。 <br />
<br />
A few days later, Lanying boarded the northbound train and left Beijing. Her husband went to the station to see her off. Until the moment before her departure, the wife did not tell her husband about her illness. Lanying repeatedly considered the gains and losses. As a surgeon, she would not have hesitated to write “hospitalize immediately and surgically remove" if she had given herself a treatment order. The key to the treating a relentless tumor, whether it was benign or malignant, was to treat it in time.But she thought of her husband, and a wonderful career beyond him. Once she was hospitalized for a major surgery, her husband would not hesitate to accompany her and serve her, because she had no other close relatives in this world. In that way, the painter's work would stop, or at least be influence. Her husband was struggling on the difficult road of art and could not be delayed. Lanying had to give up her treatment, even if it meant the hope of life, in exchange for the extension of the artistic life. This idea, from the day she fell in love with the painter, had been buried in her heart for a long, long time.<br />
<br />
一声长笛,列车开走了,载着一颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾霭中...... <br />
<br />
With a whistle, the train drove away, carrying the heart of an ordinary but great woman, and disappearing in the fog...<br />
<br />
袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,一株热带丛林特有的鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像是在为自己的青春而骄傲…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng and his collaborators worked hard and four months passed. The painting work was coming to an end. Turning a corner of the wall, a view of Xishuangbanna at dusk appeared. In the light blue glow, there was a Passionfora edulis unique to the tropical jungle. Its luxuriant branches and leaves were like a cluster of hydrangea, forming a beautiful screen. Dai girls Girls who took a bath at night, holding a clay pot, poured clear spring water on their body. They wore their long and undulating hair down to the ground, which seemed like the ripples of water flowing from high mountains. After the bath, the girls were combing their long hair with a tender smile on their face, as if they were proud of their youth...<br />
<br />
环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。 <br />
<br />
Surrounding the girl's bodies were a few flowing lines, which were the outline of the clothes that was sketched out in the draft. The painter was still uncertain how to handle them. In the process of painting, the onlookers who came and went through the lobby paid special attention to the girls taking baths at night on the wall, wanting to see whether they would be clothed or not.<br />
<br />
洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。“我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的一种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况他画的是神话传说而不是习俗…… <br />
<br />
It is a common knowledge in life that taking a bath (rather than splashing water) needs to take off clothes. In life, Dai women were more innocent. During the days in Xishuangbanna, the painter bathed many times with Dai men and women at the well and in the Lancang River. They were natural and graceful, treating nudity as a as a creation of nature, so they did not feel it was very mysterious. “I admit that I have more conservative thinking.” Yuan Yunsheng said sincerely, “Because of this, I am more respectful of them.” In the history of painting, the language of nudity was an artistic language with rich expressiveness. Represented by Venus in ancient Greece, it developed into an independent aesthetic category. Similarly, using the language of nudity to express the author's worship of women and the praise for life became necessary for this particular scene in the mural. Not to mention that he painted myths and legends rather than customs...<br />
<br />
看来,画家打错了主意? <br />
<br />
It seems that the painter got the wrong idea?<br />
<br />
在一些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和犯罪搅成一池浑水。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of some people, the style of nude was a “evil custom of barbarians” in the west! The richer the material life of the west was, the poorer the spiritual civilization was to the extent that the body was not covered by clothes. On the contrary, the great revolution of spiritual culture and the great retrogression of material production occurred at the same period in our country. In the past ten years, people’s vision had been highly purified. Chinese women did not even want to wear skirts, cheongsams, or tight-fitting shirts, and wrapped themselves up tightly so as not to show their changeable lines. By doing so, they would not stain the eyes of others and desecrate their bodies. However, treating aesthetics as the result of getting rid of evil concepts did not improve the morality of the society, but brought spiritual impoverishment and degradation. As a result, just like the pure springs turned into muddy currents, art and crime were mixed into a pool of muddy water.<br />
<br />
盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。 <br />
<br />
In the height of summer, when the scene of “bathing at night" stood out, although the images of these young girls were decorative, symbolic and simple, it still caused a stir.<br />
<br />
这并不显眼的一角却引来一批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
<br />
This inconspicuous corner attracted numerous viewers, including curious people, anxious people, passers-by and spectators. People were talking about it in different tones, surprised, harsh or vulgar...<br />
<br />
这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不韪了。如要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的一场争论。 <br />
<br />
It was the first time in years that a nude appeared on modern Chinese murals. The author did a wrong thing that was considered as a big one at the time. If he wanted to solve dispute, it was easy, lifting the brush, smearing a few strokes, and dressing the figures in blouses and skirts, which cost nothing. Then he and his whole family would be blessed and away from misfortune. But he was reluctant to do that. He thought of a controversy in history over the issue of nude art.<br />
<br />
六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的一班轻薄少年、无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军阀败北。 <br />
<br />
Sixty years ago, a group of courageous painters in Shanghai were reviled for using nudity in their teachings and creations. At that time, the newspapers published many critical articles, saying that the painter “offended public decency”, “wanted to make the women of the world into a shameless position" and “broke down the boundaries between Chinese men and women”... And at that time, a group of libertines and loafers in Shanghai took nude photos for sale, which provided handles to trolls. Until the warlord Sun Chuanfang was angered, the painter was wanted by telegram. The painter concentrated all his efforts on rising to the challenge without fear, and wrote articles saying that “Scoundrels made nude photos and obscene picture of prostitutes to attract others for profit, I am very sad... Why Private Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts is blamed? Why I am blamed?” "I advocated that ambition of art shouldn’t be takev away... Although I have to defy all difficulties and dangers, I will never refuse.” The struggle ended in victory for the painter and defeat for the warlord.<br />
<br />
历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的一桩旧案犹未了结。 <br />
<br />
History had gone by more than half a century. Times were different, but an old case in the art world was not settled yet.<br />
<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思想解放!” <br />
<br />
"What we encountered is no longer a body issue.” Yuan Yunsheng said to his companions, “It is related to the ideological liberation of the art world!"<br />
<br />
他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。 <br />
<br />
They insisted on making no changes. This detail in the murals was used as a stone of exploring and was thrown on the path of artistic spring presented in front of them after the smashing of the "Gang of Four".<br />
<br />
舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事…… <br />
<br />
After all, the pressure of public opinion was too great. In order to provide a peaceful environment for the painter to paint, the airport and the construction company were kind to cover up the doors and windows of the lobby while the painting work was still incomplete. Thus, the modernized doors were covered with thick kraft papers produced in the traditional way in China, and the murals painted in imported acrylic paints were hidden in a dull yellow glow of classical colors. The painter was at peace for the moment and went on with their unfinished work...<br />
<br />
不是结尾 <br />
<br />
Not the End<br />
<br />
10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动…… <br />
<br />
One day in late October, the autumn wind swirled yellow sand, sweeping above the streets of Beijing. Yuan Yunsheng walked down the street quickly, facing the wind, and his long and thick black hair fluttering in the wind...<br />
<br />
首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。 <br />
<br />
The painting work of murals at the Capital Airport had been completed. The artists and art workers, led by Zhang Ding, achieved great success. The papers and TV stations published and broadcasted murals with distinctive characteristics and modern style: ''Nezha Conquers the Dragon King'', ''Song of the Forest'', ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan'', ''The Spring of Science'' and ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life''... It was like a hot whirlwind in the art world and society, provoking intense reactions. Before the Fourth Congress of Chinese Writers and Artists, a group of celebrities from the circles of literature and art, theory, architecture, foreign trade and press and publication came to the Capital Airport to attend the unveiling ceremony and congratulate the artists.<br />
<br />
国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人一进入中国就有一个强烈的印象,这种艺术是一个国家国力的象征。” <br />
<br />
They acquired great recognition from foreigners. Foreign friends stood in the lobby of the terminal building, looking around the four walls with appreciative eyes and saying, "Beijing Airport will be famous all over the world for its murals.” ”It gives people a strong impression upon entering China that this art is a symbol of a country's national power."<br />
<br />
日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……” <br />
<br />
Hirayama Ikuo, a famous Japanese painter, also came to visit. He said that Chinese culture had two peaks in history: the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, and he believed that the third peak was coming. He said to Yuan Yunsheng with a smile, "After seeing your murals, I think Xishuangbanna is very beautiful. I really want to change the plan of this trip and go there..."<br />
<br />
这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰一样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔…… <br />
<br />
These days, Yunsheng was very busy. Meeting with foreign guests, accepting interviews and giving speeches on stage filled up his daily schedule. The lonely days were gone, followed by honors, applauses, and toasts, like stepping from the rugged mountain road to the peak full of flowers... He walked on the street, the wind and sand rushing toward him, and his lapel swaying in the wind. At this moment, contrary to the joy brought by the brilliant success, his face was strangely sad and sorrowful, frozen like ice, cold as a rock. It seemed to have infinite remorse in his indifference...<br />
<br />
呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化? <br />
<br />
Oh, what were you doing for? Were you still not satisfied? Or were you still worried about the change of political wind?<br />
<br />
不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着一个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作是坚定正确的表现。 <br />
<br />
No. He was not worried about that. He was confident. For more than twenty years, he had been tenacious exploring towards a set goal with the sincerity of art. He had never been discouraged in the face of any setbacks. He loved the art of the country, and was classified as a "rightist" because he disagreed with Soviet painting theory. But now people who took the same position were seen as having a solid and right performance.<br />
<br />
他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。 <br />
<br />
He loved the watery towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and took a hit for painting the beautiful scenes of the rural market. But now markets all over the country were more prosperous than they were then. Oh life, many things would be changed after thirty years! He no longer believed in temporary and hasty conclusions. His personality and the personality of his art had been strengthened by adversity, becoming independent of the conclusions.<br />
<br />
那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧? <br />
<br />
So, why were you sad? Why were you depressed?<br />
<br />
只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无望,只等待手术的判决…… <br />
<br />
Just because his wife, bosom friend, backer of his career and partner in distress, was lying sickly in the hospital. It was not until a few days earlier that he learned of the illness that Lanying had hidden from him. After four months of suffering from the disease, Lanying's health collapsed! When she left Changchun, her sick body wasted away, with weak spirit and pale and yellow face. Her female companions, who saw her off, could not see any color on her face, took it as their last farewell, breaking down in tears. At this moment, she lay quietly in a hospital in Beijing, and she seemed tired. Once the burden was lifted from her shoulders, she didn’t have words, complaints and hope, only waiting for the verdict of surgery...<br />
<br />
一个人站立起来了,另一个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南去的列车上一见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下一笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。 <br />
<br />
One people stood up, another fell down, and she fell down for him. Since they met on the southbound train, she made too many voluntary sacrifices. If the wife really could never stand up again, then what was the meaning of her husband's success today for her? She was a doctor, a good wife and mother, and a person dedicated to art. Her contributions could never be rewarded, and she could not leave a mark on any art classic, but only painful memories engraved in her husband's heart.<br />
<br />
画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼眶里滚动。 <br />
<br />
The painter ran down the street to the hospital, a storm stirring up in his heart. His eyes were wet, white tears rolling in his eyes.<br />
<br />
他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:一种是诚实的艺术家;另一种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。 <br />
<br />
He thought of the two kinds of people who were closest to art in the wide world. One was the honest artist; the other was the person who did not know art but was pure and simple, such as his lovely wife.<br />
<br />
他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少一些吗?<br />
<br />
They didn’t have other intention, just for art. To recognize their hard work was the minimum to tolerate the existence of art. But they suffered too much beyond art. Couldn’t they suffer less?<br />
<br />
他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。 <br />
<br />
He walked on the street in Beijing, his tearful eyes shining with anticipation.<br />
<br />
后记: <br />
<br />
Postscript:<br />
<br />
本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又过了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世事变迁未可尽述。 <br />
<br />
After this article was published, the heroine recovered after treatment. A few years later, the hero went to the U.S. alone. And many things had changed and it was impossible to mention them all.<br />
<br />
——作者 <br />
<br />
--Author<br />
<br />
（原载《十月》1980年6月） <br />
<br />
(Originally published in ''October'', June 1980)<br />
<br />
==卷一：10.热血男儿Hot-blooded Man==<br />
热血男儿 Hot-blooded Man<br />
<br />
李士非 Li Shifei<br />
<br />
满腔的热血已经沸腾。 <br />
<br />
The hot blood all over the body has been boiling.<br />
<br />
——《国际歌》 <br />
<br />
--''The Internationale'' (Chinese Version)<br />
<br />
一、能见到袁庚吗？ <br />
<br />
I. Can I See Yuan Geng?<br />
<br />
在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天，蛇口工业区和它的领导人袁庚，名扬国内外，越来越引人注目。 <br />
<br />
When the wave of reform is surging today, Shekou Industrial Zone and its leader, Yuan Geng, are becoming more and more famous at home and abroad.<br />
<br />
但是，我接受写袁庚的任务，未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他，手头也没有积累多少关于他的资料，而且听说采访他很困难：他是香港招商局常务副董事长（人们因此亲切地称他为袁董），大部分时间在香港，每到蛇口，都忙得不可开交，实在抽不出时间接受采访。 <br />
<br />
However, it was a bit risky for me to accept the task of writing about Yuan Geng. I had never met him and had not accumulated much information about him, and I heard that it was difficult to interview him: He was the executive vice chairman of China Merchants Hong Kong (so people affectionately called him Chairman Yuan). He spent most of the time in Hong Kong. Every time he came to Shekou, he was too busy and didn’t have time for interviews.<br />
<br />
但是，过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观，听过介绍，看过录像，袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣，接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口来，这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。 <br />
<br />
But after the past several times accompanying writers from other provinces to visit Shekou, listening to the introduction, and watching the video, Yuan Geng and Shekou aroused my strong interest. If I accepted the writing task, I could come to Shekou. The temptation was irresistible.<br />
<br />
”能见到袁庚吗？”“即使见不到袁庚也要写！”所谓“冒险”，无非是写不出或写不好，个人面子不好看罢了，比起袁庚和他的朋友们从事改革所冒的风险，简直是微不足道的。 <br />
<br />
"Can I meet Yuan Geng?" "Even if I can't see Yuan Geng, I’ll still write!" The so-called "risk" simply means that I couldn’t write or couldn’t write well, which would make me look bad. But compared to the risk taken by Yuan Geng and his friends in reform, it was simply insignificant.<br />
<br />
仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气，到这里待一些日子也是值得的。 <br />
<br />
It was worth staying here for a few days just to breathe the air of reform in Shekou.<br />
<br />
“如果你只能待很短的时间，我劝你趁早打退堂鼓，不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意，开弓没有回头箭，退堂鼓是不好打的。 <br />
<br />
"If you can only stay for a short time, I’d advise you to pull back sooner rather than later and don’t make the mistake of a screenwriter again." A kind friend advised me in this way. I appreciated his kindness. But there was no turning back of an arrow once it was shot. It was not easy to pull back.<br />
<br />
二、夜访梁宪 <br />
<br />
Ⅱ. Pay a Call on Liang Xian at Night<br />
<br />
在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口，袁庚出国去了，说是7月底或8月初才能回来。最了解他的一个人，东江纵队时期就和他一起工作，现任蛇口工业区顾问的许智明，到澳大利亚探亲去了，归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同，“时间就是金钱，效率就是生命”，白天工作紧张，找人谈话很难，晚上访问也要事先约定，因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰上袁庚的儿子袁中印，《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意，他马上说：“有什么好写的？这么多人写过了，要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受了乃父的影响，不大欢迎采访。”慢慢来吧，我一定要找你的。”我心里说。 <br />
<br />
It was not easy to interview in Shekou. When I arrived in Shekou in mid-July, Yuan Geng went abroad. I learned that he would be back by the end of July or early August. One of the people who knew him best, Xu Zhiming, who worked with him in the East River Column and was now the counselor of Shekou Industrial Zone, went to Australia to visit his family and his return date was still uncertain. The pace of work here was very different from that of the mainland, where "time is money and efficiency is life." There were many works by day, so it was difficult to find people to have a talk with. Visiting at night also had to be arranged in advance because many formal and informal meetings were held at night. One day I met Yuan Geng's son Yuan Zhongyin in the elevator of the office building. A reporter of ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'', Comrade Chen Yihao introduced my intention of coming here to him, he immediately said, "What is there to write? So many people have written about it. If you want to publish a book, you can collect them." I thought that he was influenced by his father, not very welcome interviews. “Take it a step at a time. I must find you." I said in my heart.<br />
<br />
多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙，约定了一天晚上9点钟去访问工业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人，穿过海滨花园，沐着海风，经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边，漫步走向梁宪的住处。早已听说，他1962年毕业于中山大学外语系，是梁宗岱教授的高足，对法国文学很有研究。果然，一见之下，我就感到他是一个充满艺术气质的人。 <br />
<br />
Thanks to the help of Comrade Huang Hongjian, a female writer and screenwriter of the Pearl River Film Studio who was the deputy director of the office here, we made an arrangement to visit Liang Xian, a member of the management committee of the Industrial Zone, at 9 o'clock one night. Huang Hongjian, Chen Yihao, and I walked through the seaside garden with the sea breeze, passed by Minghua ship of "Sea World” with brilliant light, and strolled towards Liang Xian's residence. I had already heard that he graduated from the Department of Foreign Languages of Sun Yat-sen University in 1962, who was a student of Professor Liang Zongdai and knew a lot about French literature. Sure enough, I felt that he was a man full of artistic temperament at first sight.<br />
<br />
他掏出港币，买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客，然后和我们谈笑风生。 <br />
<br />
He pulled out Hong Kong dollars and bought a few cans of iced Coca-Cola to entertain us, and then talked and laughed with us.<br />
<br />
“你们是文人，我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人，她在中央戏剧学院教书。我对她说：你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的，但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。中国像你们这样的文人太多，像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一句英语，“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙，黄虹坚一时也没反应过来，陈宜浩翻译说：”他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑起来。 <br />
<br />
"You are men of letters, and I’m a businessman. I gave up writing and engaged in business. My wife is also a man of letters, who teaches at the Central Academy of Drama. I said to her: Tang and Song poetry you talk about are very beautiful, but they can't solve the problem of the people's hunger. There are too many literati like you in China, and too few businessmen like me." He suddenly spoke an English sentence to Huang Hongjian, "I will change you into a business woman." I was baffled, and Huang Hongjian didn't understand at the moment, and Chen Yihao translated, "He said he would change you into a business woman.” We all laughed happily.<br />
<br />
梁宪大学毕业的时候，老百姓正在饿肚子，大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法国文学的尖子，后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作，比袁庚晚半年多一点。袁庚很器重他，有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。 <br />
<br />
When Liang Xian graduated from university, people were starving, and probably no unit needed a top student who studied French literature. Then he went to the Ministry of Communications. He was sent to work for the China Merchants Hong Kong in July 1979, more than half a year later than Yuan Geng. Yuan Geng thought highly of him, and some people said that he was Yuan Geng's "think-tank man".<br />
<br />
“我去香港的时候，老婆说：最怕你没骨气，没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是有的，外派干部只要有一点热血，就不是追求几大件，而是感到抬不起头来！ <br />
<br />
"When I went to Hong Kong, my wife said: What I fear the most is that you don’t have the backbone. If you don’t have it, let’s get divorced sooner rather than later. Of course I have it. As long as dispatched cadres have a little passion, they would not pursue some popular household items, but feel embarrassed to keep the head up!”<br />
<br />
“刚到香港，每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐，一串串的，海上漂着偷渡者的尸体，我们不能忍受，啪一声把电视关了。 <br />
<br />
“When I just arrived in Hong Kong, I watched TV every day to see young stowaways in chains of handcuffs, and dead bodies of stowaways floating in the sea. We could not bear it and snapped the TV off.”<br />
<br />
“我们国内建设搞不好，连一些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们，心里真难受呀。所以，我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过：‘我之所以这么干，是为了实现我入党时的初衷。’” <br />
<br />
“When we didn’t do well in nation-building, even some children of dispatched cadres who grew up in Hong Kong also looked down on us. It hurted a lot. So I understand Yuan Geng's mood for engaging in reform. He said, 'I did it because I wanted to realize the original intention when I joined the CPC.'"<br />
<br />
一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿，梁宪又概括地说： <br />
<br />
His words made my heart heavy. After a pause, Liang Xian said in a nutshell:<br />
<br />
“我熟悉的人当中，有两个热血男儿，一个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛，一个就是袁庚！” <br />
<br />
“There are two hot-blooded men in people who I am familiar with. One is my wife’s godfather Liu Rentao, and the other is Yuan Geng!"<br />
<br />
好一个“热血男儿”！这个词太恰当了，把这两个人相提并论太好了，我不禁怦然心动，觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。 <br />
<br />
What a "hot-blooded man"! This word was so appropriate. Comparing these two people was too good. I couldn’t help but feel excited that I thought I found the best way to Yuan Geng's inner world.<br />
<br />
也真巧，比我年长20岁的刘任涛，是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第一流的眼科专家，共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长，曾为刘伯承元帅安过义眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》，改行当了电影编剧，“文化大革命”中在珠影被诬为“历史反革命”，打断五根肋骨，投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动期间，他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明，不顾自己的政治处境，不顾没有任何医疗条件，决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他：“万一失败，你就是阶级报复，就会重进监狱。”他不听，他终于成功了。”作为医生，我拯救了我的灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀，立下遗嘱：死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
<br />
And coincidentally, Liu Rentao, who is 20 years older than me, is my admired elder and friend. This first-rate eye specialist in China was the director of the Shanghai Labor Hospital in the early days of the People’s Republic of China, and once installed a prosthetic eye for Marshal Liu Bocheng. Later, he became a movie scriptwriter after he wrote a movie script Dove of Peace. During the "Cultural Revolution", he was considered as a “pre-liberation counter-revolutionary" in the Pearl River Film Studio. His five ribs were broken and he was put into prison. When he labored under supervision at the "May 7 Cadre School" in Yingde, he saw a rural woman who was blind due to cataracts, and in spite of his political situation and the lack of any medical conditions, he decided to operate on the patient with a razor blade. A kind people advised him, “If you fail, it will be the class revenge and you’ll go back to prison." He didn't listen to it, and he finally succeeded." As a doctor, I saved my soul." Now he was over 70 years old, and he made a will: After his death, he would dedicate his eyes to the Eye Bank of Sun Yat-sen Medical College. Then he ran around and appealed for the restoration and establishment of schools for blind children...<br />
<br />
刘任涛和袁庚，经历和事业完全不同，但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身精神，是多么相似呵！我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚，觉得对袁庚也开始熟悉了。<br />
<br />
Liu Rentao and Yuan Geng had completely different experiences and careers, but they were patriotic and full of passion with the spirit of dedication. How similar they were! I imagined unfamiliar Yuan Geng from familiar Liu Rentao, thinking that I began to get familiar with Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
三、“冒险家” <br />
<br />
Ⅲ. “Adventurer"<br />
<br />
刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障，要冒风险。袁庚在蛇口进行改革，要冒更大的风险：两年之前，不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影地攻击经济特区嘛！ <br />
<br />
Liu Rentao, as a target of dictatorship, it was risky to use a razor blade to cut cataracts for a poor rural woman. Yuan Geng had to take an even greater risk when he carried out a reform in Shekou: Two years ago, someone wrote an article in the newspaper to assail the Special Economic Zone by insinuation!<br />
<br />
但是，时代毕竟不同了，今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月9日，胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区，袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆，和总书记有一段精彩的对话。 <br />
<br />
But times were different after all. Today's reform was carried out under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee. On February 9, 1983, General Secretary Hu Yaobang visited Shekou Industrial Zone. Yuan Geng opened his mind to the General Secretary, having a good conversation with him.<br />
<br />
袁庚：关于改革问题，现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看，凡是搞改革的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法，最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪，改良主义，结果六君子被杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革，我想不会落得前人这样的下场，我们是在党的领导下进行的，不会有问题吧，我们值得冒这个险！ <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: For the issue of reform, we need to carry out comprehensive reform now. Historically, all those who engaged in reforms came to a bad end. Two thousand years ago, Shang Yang carried out reform and was finally put to death. Wang Anshi’s Reform did not end well either. Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao just advocated constitutional monarchy and practiced reformism, but they were all decapitated. Sun Yat-sen’s reform also failed. Now, I think our reform will not end up like the predecessors. We are under the leadership of the Party. There will be no problem, so we are worth the risk!<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：过去的改革是下层少数人去改，领导者、统治者是压制的。现在不同，我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改，现在和过去根本不同嘛！ <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: In the past, the reform was carried out by a few people at the lower level, while the leaders and rulers were repressive. Now is different. Our leaders are taking the lead to call and urge the subordinates to reform. The present is fundamentally different from the past!<br />
<br />
袁庚：我们感到，我们的干部是不大怕群众的，只怕顶头上司，怕上司不喜欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说，我每次来蛇口，一上码头，前呼后拥的，下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒，就会忘乎所以，久而久之，就不怕群众，不怕下级，因为群众、下级撤不了我的职，我只怕交通部，怕顶头上司，只有他们才能撤我的职。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: We feel that our cadres are not afraid of the masses, but only afraid of their superiors, afraid that their superiors do not like them and then they can’t be leaders. As a small leader, every time I came to Shekou, I walked on the pier with many subordinates crowding around, who feared that they didn’t attend me well. Sometimes I was not sober, I would get carried away, and over time, I am not afraid of the masses, and not afraid of subordinates, because the masses and subordinates can’t dismiss me from my post. I am only afraid of the Ministry of Communications, afraid of my immediate superior. Only they can dismiss me from my post.<br />
<br />
所以，群众监督干部，群众有权选举和罢免干部，这至关重要。我们这里想搞个改革试点，管委会由群众选举产生，每年投一次信任票，如果不信任票超过半数，管委会就得改选，个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公开的、直接的，由群众投票选举的领导班子，就会想群众之所想，急群众之所急，就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手，就有人自动送礼上门，如果头脑不清醒，不能自律，就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装懂，诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部，我相信可以改变一下干部的结构和干部的作风。我们想做这样一个不太小的改革，准备冒一点风险。 <br />
<br />
Therefore, it is crucial that the masses supervise cadres and have the right to elect and dismiss them. We want to carry out a pilot reform here. The management committee is elected by the masses, and a vote of confidence is held once a year. If more than half of the people cast votes of no confidence, the management committee will have to be re-elected. If a member got more than half of the votes of no confidence, he will have to step down. This open and direct leading group, elected following a ballot by the masses, will think what the masses think, worry what the masses worry, and will actually do something good for the masses. Because once some leaders have the power in hand, someone will automatically send gifts to them. If their minds are not sober, they can not be self-disciplined, and will get carried away. There are also some cadres who pretend to understand what they don’t know. If the masses have the right to elect and supervise cadres, I believe we can change the structure of cadres and the work style of cadres. We want to make such a not-so-small reform and are prepared to take some risks.<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：（点头）好！很好！ <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: (nodding) Good! Very good!<br />
<br />
袁庚：总书记说了好，我们就记录在案，马上打报告这样做。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: Since General Secretary said good, we will record it, and immediately report and carry out it.<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿，在哪一出戏里我忘记了，讽刺官僚主义者，他不敢骂台上的官，只敢骂戏台上堂前的鼓。有一段唱词说：”一棵大树腹中空，两头都是皮儿绷，每天上堂敲三下，卟咚卟咚又卟咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛！（全场大笑） <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: (happily standing up) We have a famous dramatist named Guan Hanqing in history. In which play I forget, satirizing bureaucrats, he did not dare to curse the leaders on the stage, only dare to curse the drums in the hall on the stage. There is a line in the librettos of the drama that says: "A big tree is hollow in the belly, whose both ends have tight leather. Every day knocked it three times in the hall. Pu dong, pu dong and pu dong (the sound of a drum beating)." That is “not understanding” (the pronunciation of it in Chinese is similar to “pu dong”)! (all of them laughing)<br />
<br />
党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印，想到一块去了，这在蛇口的发展史上，是应当大书特书的。 <br />
<br />
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPC and the Secretary of the Party Committee of Shekou Industrial Zone shared the same thought. It deserved to be written about in the history of Shekou's development.<br />
<br />
1983年4月24日，选举产生了蛇口工业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22日，按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票？ <br />
<br />
On April 24, 1983, a new management committee of Shekou Industrial Zone was elected. On April 22, 1984, a vote of confidence in the management committee was held as scheduled. Was it necessary to hold a vote of confidence?<br />
<br />
组干处处长虞德海说：“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的，信任票不足半数就得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决，一定要搞信任投票。”投票结果，管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数，袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上，全部投票公开，任人查阅，尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐，如“某某能力低”“某某不堪信任”之类，也不加掩饰。 <br />
<br />
Yu Dehai, the director of the Division of Organizing Cadres, said, "Even I was a little hesitant. Because the result of a vote of confidence is to be fulfilled. If a member got less than half of the votes of confidence, he will have to step down. I thought we might as well carry out public opinion polls. But Yuan Dong was very determined to hold a vote of confidence." The result was that the members of the management committee all got more than half of the votes of confidence, and Yuan Geng got the most. That night, all the votes were open for inspection. Although some of the criticism was very sharp, such as "so-and-so has the low ability”, "so-and-so is untrustworthy" and so on, they didn’t hide their real thoughts.<br />
<br />
这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。 <br />
<br />
This was the most important reform of all in the Shekou Industrial Zone.<br />
<br />
四、“那里不肯放，就辞职！” <br />
<br />
Ⅳ. "If They Refuse to Let You Go, You Quit!"<br />
<br />
选举产生领导班子，定期举行信任投票，这是袁庚深思熟虑的一项决定。 <br />
<br />
The leading group was elected and a vote of confidence was regularly held. It was decided after Yuan Geng’s careful consideration.<br />
<br />
他深深感到，不改革干部制度，不改变干部结构，任何改革都无从谈起，“四化”也只是一句空话。 <br />
<br />
He deeply felt that without reforming the cadre system and changing the structure of cadre, no reform could be done, and the "Four Modernizations" was just a hollow phrase.<br />
<br />
有的领导干部，居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人：“你们大学建多大的桥？”问来访的美国客人：“英国人讲英语，你们美国人讲什么语？”还有人向中央领导同志汇报他到香港考察的收获：“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯！”如此等等，令人啼笑皆非。这样的干部，怎能担当建设”四化”的重任！ <br />
<br />
Some leading cadres even asked the visitors from the University of Cambridge in England: “What size of the bridge does your university build?" and asked the visitors from America: "British speak English, and what language do you Americans speak?" Someone reported to the leading comrades of the Central Committee what he had learned from his visit to Hong Kong, “There is a sea change in my mind!" And so on. It was ridiculous. How could such cadres take on the heavy responsibility of building the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地），指挥部只有二十多个干部的时候，袁庚就开始考虑如何培育一支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命化的干部队伍。1981年，他排除阻カ，毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班，从全国各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说，“我是个冒险家，为了蛇口的改革，我从全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。 <br />
<br />
When Shekou was still in the process of “five accesses and one leveling” (access to water, electricity, road, and natural gas, ventilation, and leveling the ground), and there were only twenty cadres in the headquarters, Yuan Geng began to consider how to cultivate a young, knowledgeable, professional and revolutionary cadres troop. In 1981, he removed the obstruction and decided to organize a training course for business management cadres, recruiting graduates who majored in science and engineering from all over the country. In his words, "I am an adventurer, and for the reform in Shekou, I gathered a group of small adventurers from all over the country".<br />
<br />
当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员，委托交通部下属的交通科学院情报所代为主持，在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。 <br />
<br />
At that time, Shekou Industrial Zone did not have the ability to send its own admissions officers, so it entrusted the Institute of Information of the Academy of Transportation Science under the Ministry of Communications to be in charge of the first exam in Wuhan. The first person to enter the examination room was Wang Chaoliang, an engineer of the Ship’s Hull Laboratory of the Yangtze River Shipping Scientific Research Institute under the Ministry of Communications.<br />
<br />
王潮梁1938年出生于江苏无锡，1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计专业。早在1958年，他就参考外国的资料，在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫原理，并和同学们一道造出了样品，在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是，在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年代，几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机工厂飞机设计室任产品主管设计员，那时生产要听驻厂军代表的，而军代表只相信苏联专家和苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料，翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂，即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂，也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚子气，却毫无办法。岁月如流，王潮梁搞了17年飞机设计，却看到我们的飞机工业比印度还落后；又研制了四年的飞翔船，却看不到一艘飞翔船下水，那种壮志难酬的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会，唯一的名额给了业务上根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培训班招生的广告时，他兴奋极了，“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方，去！”立刻把广告剪下来，郑重地贴在本子上。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province in 1938, and graduated from the Department of Aircraft of Northwestern Polytechnic University with the major of aircraft design in 1960. As long ago as 1958, he was the first person in China to study the principle of air cushion of hydrofoils by referring to foreign materials, and built a sample together with his classmates, which was performed on the Weiming Lake of Peking University. At that time, the British were only half a year ahead of them in their research on hydrofoils. However, in this age when "steel-making" was more valued than scientific research, the research of these few young boys was doomed to failure. After graduation, he was assigned to the aircraft design office of an aircraft factory as a design supervisor. At that time, production had to follow the resident military representatives in the factory, who only trusted Soviet experts and Soviet drawings. For example, it was required to use Ural wood for a certain propeller, and Ukrainian sand for molding. Even if China had better wood and better sand, it was not allowed to change. Wang Chaoliang, who was the new kid on the block, was very angry, but he could do nothing. As the years passed quickly, Wang Chaoliang engaged in aircraft design for 17 years, but saw that our aircraft industry even lagged behind that of India; and he developed a hydrofoil for four years, but could not see a hydrofoil launched. The pain of being difficult to fulfill his aspirations tormented his ambitions. There was an opportunity for a study tour to the Federal Republic of Germany, and the only place was given to the daughter of a minister who was nothing compared to him in the business. When he saw a recruitment advertisement for a training course for business management cadres in Shekou Industrial Zone in the newspaper, he was excited, "Shekou is a place where you have to build a career by your own ability. Go!" He immediately cut out the advertisement and stuck it solemnly on the notebook.<br />
<br />
他第一个走进考场，第一个走出考场。笔试、面试，成绩优良。主持考试的情报所林鸿慈同志下了结论：这是个人才，录取！ <br />
<br />
He was the first to enter and the first to leave the examination room. He got good grades on written examination and oral examination. Comrade Lin Hongci of the Institute of Information, who was in charge of the examination, concluded: This is a talent. Accept!<br />
<br />
但是，在中国有一个很大的矛盾：生产资料是全民所有制，干部却是单位私有制。一个单位可以把一个或一批人才冷藏一辈子。 <br />
<br />
However, there was a big contradiction in China: The means of production were owned by the whole people, but the cadres were privately owned by units. A talent or a group of talents could be shelved by a unit for life.<br />
<br />
长江航运科研所不肯放人。 <br />
<br />
The Yangtze River Shipping Scientific Research Institute refused to let him go.<br />
<br />
1981年11月，袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他，向他汇报了招生的情况，特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。 <br />
<br />
In November 1981, Yuan Geng was hospitalized in Guangzhou. Lin Hongci visited him in the Eastern District of Guangdong Provincial Hospital and reported to him about the enrollment situation, especially about the problem of Wang Chaoliang.<br />
<br />
袁庚很激动。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was very excited.<br />
<br />
“小王是不是党员？” <br />
<br />
"Is Wang a member of the CPC?"<br />
<br />
“不是。” <br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量，开个头，那里不肯放，就辞职！我这里收。最多就是人家去告状，最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先例。告到国务院，我们就把这个同志的情况报上去，中央领导会支持我们。新华社社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开‘干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人在单位不充分发挥作用，又不让调，这个局面不打开是不成的！” <br />
<br />
“It is less difficult to solve if he is not a member of the party. I don’t know if he has the guts to set a precedent. If they refuse to let you go, you quit! I’ll accept you. The most they can do is to complain to superior authorities, and finally to the State Council. I hope one or two comrades will set the precedent. If they complain to the State Council, we will report the situation of this comrade, and the leaders of the Central Committee will support us. Comrade Zeng Tao, the president of Xinhua News Agency, hoped that we could break the 'private ownership of cadres'. Now the problem of brain waste is too serious. People does not play a full role in the unit, and not allowed to transfer. This situation must be changed!"<br />
<br />
林鸿慈被袁庚打动了，写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁，同时通过各种渠道去做说服、疏通工作。终于，用不着王潮梁辞职，单位同意放人了。1982年，王潮梁来到蛇口工业区。 <br />
<br />
Lin Hongci was impressed by Yuan Geng, wrote a letter to tell Wang Chaoliang the content of this conversation, and persuaded Wang’s unit and reconciled the two sides through various channels. Finally, Wang Chaoliang didn’t need to resign, and the unit agreed to let him go. In 1982, Wang Chaoliang came to Shekou Industrial Zone.<br />
<br />
五、企业管理研究生 <br />
<br />
V. Graduate Student Majoring in Business Management<br />
<br />
1982年12月的一天晚上，一个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
<br />
One night in December 1982, a young man in his thirties arrived at Yuan Geng's home in Xiyuan, Beijing.<br />
<br />
这是一次事先约定的会见。 <br />
<br />
It was a pre-arranged meeting.<br />
<br />
年轻人叫余昌民，刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生，工作了八九年，深感中国企业管理的弊病太多，1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。 <br />
<br />
The young man named Yu Changmin, was one of the first group of graduate students in the Department of Business Management at Tsinghua University and just graduated. He was originally a graduate of the Department of Electrical Engineering at Tsinghua University, majoring in Automation. After working for about nine years, he felt that there were too many drawbacks in Chinese business management. In 1979, he returned to Tsinghua University to study for an MBA degree.<br />
<br />
1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年，专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息，《读卖新闻》为此发了专稿，登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了，干什么好呢？ <br />
<br />
In 1980, Yu Changmin went to Japan to study further for a year, specializing in Japanese business management. The Japanese took it as important information, and the ''Yomiuri Shimbun'' published a special article with his picture. Now that Yu Changmin had graduated, what job should he do?<br />
<br />
学校建议他到国家经委属下的中国企业研究协会去，这当然是个专业对口的美差，但是在武汉工作的爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候，蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。 <br />
<br />
The university suggested him to go to the Chinese Association for Enterprise Research under the Chinese National Economic Council, which was a good job in line with his specialty, but it was difficult for his lover who worked in Wuhan to transfer to Beijing. At this time, the wind of the reform in Shekou came to his ears.<br />
<br />
他每星期上街去买《深圳特区报》，得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝，如饥似渴地加以研究。不难判断，蛇口工业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去！决心下定了，系里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会，经朋友介绍，他就来登门拜访了。 <br />
<br />
He went out to buy the ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'' every week. When he got a copy of the earliest ''A Brief Introduction of Investment'', he regarded it as a treasure, and studied it hungrily. It was not difficult to judge that Shekou Industrial Zone was the ideal place to realize his aspirations. Go to Shekou! He made the decision and was supported by the department. Now Yuan Geng was in Beijing for a meeting, so he came to visit him by recommendation of a friend.<br />
<br />
会面的一瞬间，两个人互相观察了一下。 <br />
<br />
At the moment they met, the two men observed each other.<br />
<br />
“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗？穿件中式棉袄，和一般的老干部没啥差别，不是想象中的那个改革家的模样，而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真的值得？” <br />
<br />
"Is this the famous reformer Yuan Geng? Wearing a Chinese cotton jacket, he is no different from ordinary old cadres, not the reformer’s appearance I imagined. And I heard that he is poorly educated... Is it really worth it to work with him?"<br />
<br />
真正的一闪念，没容余昌民多想，袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
<br />
When this really sudden idea did not allow Yu Changmin to think more, Yuan Geng had already enthusiastically offered his seat and poured tea.<br />
<br />
谈话开门见山。 <br />
<br />
The conversation came straight to the point. <br />
<br />
“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里？” <br />
<br />
"What do you think is the fatal problem in China’s economy?"<br />
<br />
“在于体制。” <br />
<br />
"It lies in the system."<br />
<br />
“对了！”袁庚兴奋起来，侃侃而谈，”上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦，说他们要一千人，劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用，那七百是搭配的闲人，你再要，就再搭配，再多余，反正是大锅饭，大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了，还说这是社会主义的优越性！这样，工厂冗员越来越多，工厂成了小社会，在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的，形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ，败坏着我们的民族素质！这样的体制不改革，我们就没有出路！” <br />
<br />
"That's right!" Yuan Geng got excited, and spoke with fervor and assurance, "A director of a shipyard in Shanghai once complained to me, and said they wanted a thousand people, but they needed only three hundred people among the people the labor department allocated, and the other seven hundred people were ideal workers. If they asked for it again, they would be allocated again, then there were more redundant workers. They had to get equal pay anyway. They only needed to be paid in a muddle and said this was the superiority of socialism! In this way, there were more and more redundant workers in the factory. The factory became a small society, where the lazy workers exploited the hard-working workers, forming a terrible social habits force, which corrupted our national quality! If such a system is not reformed, we have no way out!"<br />
<br />
“我的一篇论文，提出了企业的素质问题。” <br />
<br />
"I have a paper that raises the issue of the quality of business."<br />
<br />
“有何高见？” <br />
<br />
"What’s your opinion?"<br />
<br />
“素质，好比基本作用，像女排，形成了她们的基本作风，就有战斗カ。” <br />
<br />
"Quality is like the basic role. For example, the women's volleyball team has formed their basic style, so they are effective.<br />
"<br />
“就把一个企业比作球队吧，假如你是教练，别人随便塞人给你，你怎么办？” <br />
<br />
"Let's compare an enterprise to a team. If you are the coach, what do you do when someone foists a player on you?"<br />
<br />
“我不要。” <br />
<br />
"I will not take it."<br />
<br />
“不要不行！” <br />
<br />
"No, you must take it!"<br />
<br />
“那我不干。” <br />
<br />
"I will disagree with it."<br />
<br />
“对了，就得这样。” <br />
<br />
"That's right. That's how it should be."<br />
<br />
一老一少，越谈越投机，彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处一闪而过的那点疑虑也完全打消了。 <br />
<br />
An old man and a young man, the more they talked, the happier they were, who both felt close to each other. The doubt that flashed through Yu Changmin’s deep heart was completely dispelled.<br />
<br />
“我们这里可要冒点风险。” <br />
<br />
"We have to take some risks here."<br />
<br />
“正因为这样オ要去，建设好了还去干什么？” <br />
<br />
"That's why I want to go there. If it has been built, why do I go there?"<br />
<br />
“你个人有什么要求？” <br />
<br />
"What are your personal requirements?"<br />
<br />
“只要求家属一起去。” <br />
<br />
"I only ask that my family can go with me."<br />
<br />
“这个我们来办。” <br />
<br />
"We will deal with that."<br />
<br />
两个月后，余昌民父亲去世，回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化，系里要留他。企业管理系刚刚建立，工作需要，理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚飞往蛇口，收不回来了。 <br />
<br />
Two months later, Yu Changmin's father died and he came home to the funeral. At this time the school's attitude changed and the department wanted to keep him. The Department of Business Administration had just been established and the work needed him. The reasons were good. But Yu Changmin's heart had already flown to Shekou with Yuan Geng and could not be retrieved.<br />
<br />
1983年3月，袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客，系里派余昌民随行。系领导的目的，是让校长对余昌民有个印象，说服他留下来，同时出面解决他家属的户ロ问题。 <br />
<br />
In March 1983, Yuan Geng invited Liu Da, the president of Tsinghua University, to Shekou, and the department sent Yu Changmin to accompany him. The purpose of the department leaders was to give the president an impression of Yu Changmin, persuade him to stay, and solve his family member’s problem of household registration.<br />
<br />
谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口，袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有，余昌民暗示要做刘达的工作。 <br />
<br />
But it backfired. Once Liu Da and his party arrived in Shekou, Yuan Geng asked Yu Changmin if the transfer had been finalized, and Yu Changmin hinted that he had to do something to persuade Liu Da.<br />
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余昌民再一次请求：”校长，让我来蛇口吧。” <br />
<br />
Yu Changmin asked him again, “President, let me come to Shekou."<br />
<br />
“系里要我帮忙留你，我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。 <br />
<br />
"The department asked me to help to keep you, and I promised it." President Liu looked confused.<br />
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袁庚一再要求支持：”刘达同志，把小余给我们吧，我们迫切需要企业管理的专门人才。” <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng repeatedly asked for support, "Comrade Liu Da, give us Yu. We urgently need a specialist in business management."<br />
<br />
刘达心动了。这位参加过“一二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
<br />
Liu Da was moved. The old comrade who participated in the “December 9th" Movement, was known for “covering up for intellectuals” as early as 1957 when he was the head of the Department of Forestry. He fully understood the need of Shekou and Yuan Geng and Yu Changmin's feelings. But he had to respect the department leaders and promised to solve the solution with the department when he went back.<br />
<br />
回去后，余昌民给系里写了报告，对系里的教育培养表示感谢，说明清华企业管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设，这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都至关重要。 <br />
<br />
When they went back, Yu Changmin wrote a report to the department, expressing his gratitude for the department's education and training, and explaining that the Department of Business Administration at Tsinghua University needed to agree its own graduates to participate in the construction of Shekou, which was crucial for the school’s research and information sources in the future.<br />
<br />
问题迎刃而解。7月，夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。 <br />
<br />
The problem was solved. In July, the procedures of the couple’s transfers were both completed.<br />
<br />
当余昌民到工业区大楼报到的时候，在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口，边走边说：”你是研究企业管理的，你先熟悉一下情况，有把握了再谈工作……” <br />
<br />
When Yu Changmin reported to the Industrial Zone building, he met Yuan Geng outside the building door. Yuan Geng affectionately took his hand and walked from the door to the elevator, saying, “You study the business management. You can familiarize yourself with the situation at first, and then talk about work when you get familiar with it."<br />
<br />
袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信，其中有一段话： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng also wrote a letter of thanks to Liu Da, which included a paragraph:<br />
<br />
关于小余的事，同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失一小余，无妨大局，蛇口得之，如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下，工业区将受其惠。 <br />
<br />
On the matter about Yu, the comrades admire your selflessness so much. Losing Yu couldn’t affect the general situation for Tsinghua, but Sheko will be better after having him... Tsinghua has students all over the world, and the industrial zone will be benefited from it.<br />
<br />
重感情的刘达，把这封信送给了余昌民，让他留作永久的纪念。 <br />
<br />
Liu Da, who valued the relationship, gave this letter to Yu Changmin, letting him keep it as a permanent memorial.<br />
<br />
六、星期天的早晨 <br />
<br />
Ⅵ. Sunday Morning<br />
<br />
星期天早晨8点钟，顾立基刚起床，洗了脸，正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的，大家都熬了夜，现在让他们多睡一会儿吧。顾立基轻手轻脚，唯恐弄出一点声音来。 <br />
<br />
At 8 o'clock on Sunday morning, Gu Liji just got up, washed his face, and was cooking instant noodles. The other four students in the same room were still sleeping soundly. They could turn off the lights late on Saturday night, and everyone stayed up all night, so let them get more sleep now. Gu Liji was cautious, lest he made a little noise.<br />
<br />
“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗？” <br />
<br />
"Excuse me, does Comrade Gu Liji live here?"<br />
<br />
门外传来一个声音。顾立基一看，走廊上站着一个六十多岁的老人和一个姑娘。 <br />
<br />
A voice came from outside the door. Gu Liji saw an old man in his sixties and a girl standing in the corridor.<br />
<br />
“我就是顾立基，您是？” <br />
<br />
"I am Gu Liji, and may I know who you are?"<br />
<br />
“我是袁庚，蛇口的袁庚。”老人首先伸出手来，“这是我女儿尼亚，她不放心我的身体，一定要陪我来，其实我的身体还可以。你看，骑了半小时车子，轻松愉快。” <br />
<br />
"I'm Yuan Geng, Yuan Geng from Shekou." The old man first extended his hand, "This is my daughter Nia. She is worried about my health, and she must come with me. But I’m okay. You see, it’s easy and pleasant to ride the bike for half an hour.”<br />
<br />
顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 <br />
<br />
Gu Liji never dreamed that the famous Yuan Geng would come to the dormitory of Tsinghua University to see him.<br />
<br />
他深受感动。 <br />
<br />
He was deeply moved.<br />
<br />
“我们到楼下谈吧，同学们还在睡觉。” <br />
<br />
"Let's talk downstairs. The students are still sleeping."<br />
<br />
楼下有一张靠背长椅，三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨，不冷不热，阳光和煦，轻风拂面，校园一片宁静的气氛。 <br />
<br />
There was a bench downstairs, and the three of them sat down side by side. In the morning of May, it was not cold or hot, the sun was warm, with a refreshing breeze blowing, and the campus was in a peaceful atmosphere.<br />
<br />
“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会？” <br />
<br />
"I heard that you organized an association of enthusiasts of business management?"<br />
<br />
“是的，现在会员有一千多人了，成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。” <br />
<br />
"Yes. There are more than a thousand members now, and Liu Da and Yu Guangyuan both came to attend the founding meeting."<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长？” <br />
<br />
"I also heard that you want to be the factory director?"<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊，”顾立基笑了，“我是说过想当厂长，为此还惹过一些麻烦呢。” <br />
<br />
"You're well informed," Gu Liji laughed, "I did say that I wanted to be the factory director, and I got into some trouble for that."<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦？” <br />
<br />
"What kind of trouble?"<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。” <br />
<br />
"Someone said I was ambitious."<br />
<br />
“岂有此理！想当个厂长是什么野心！‘不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’，这是拿破仑说的还是谁说的？一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对！” <br />
<br />
"It is nonsense! What kind of ambition is it to want to be a factory director? 'A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier', was said by Napoleon or others? There's nothing wrong with a college student wanting to be a factory director!"<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的，但是我感到中国更需要管理人才，所以主动旁听了企业管理系研究生的全部课程。” <br />
<br />
"I majored in computer science, but I felt that China needed management talents more, so I actively sit in on all the courses that graduate students of the Department of Business Administration took as an observer".<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧，我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班，要培养大量的管理人才。” <br />
<br />
"Go to Shekou. We have a training course for business management cadres, and we have to train a large number of management talents."<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像，我的心就动了，只是还没下定决心。” <br />
<br />
"When I saw a video about Shekou last November, my heart moved, but I just hadn’t made up my mind yet."<br />
<br />
“现在呢？” <br />
<br />
"And now?"<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了，去蛇口。” <br />
<br />
"Now I've made up my mind to go to Shekou."<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗？” <br />
<br />
"Good! We welcome you! Do you have any difficulties?"<br />
<br />
有什么困难？1982年的初夏，社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的，有人在报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界，影射特区有变成租界的危险，造成一股无形的压力，因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些，可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的人在一起，冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去，下属工厂任他挑选，这些，对他有一定的吸引力。他自从1967年中学毕业，1968年进上海印染机械修配厂，十年中当过锅炉工、车工、錠工、钳工、电工，当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为，1974年顾立基和他们争吵过一次，挨了批斗，却受到工人们的同情，和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要毕业了，朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查，他是材料组的负责人，如果不来上大学，早就走上领导岗位了，现在回去，工作安排是不成问题的。但是，陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大，他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的是，母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房，姐妹们都在外地，母亲希望他留在身边，爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
What were the difficulties? In the early summer of 1982, there was still a lot of criticism in society about the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. Some people wrote articles in the newspapers about foreign settlements in old China, insinuating that the Special Economic Zone was in danger of becoming a foreign settlement, which created an invisible pressure, so some people said "the future of the Special Economic Zone is uncertain”. These could be disregarded. Gu Liji wanted to be with someone like Yuan Geng, and it was worth the risk. The company in Shanghai wanted him to go back, and the subordinate factories could be selected by him, which had a certain appeal to him. He graduated from high school in 1967, and joined the Shanghai Printing and Dyeing Machinery Repair Factory in 1968, and worked as a boilermaker, lathe worker, ladle man, bench worker, electrician, and full-time secretary of the Youth League general branch for ten years. Because he did not like the bad things done by the factory rebel group which was controlled by Wang Hongwen's little brothers, Gu Liji quarreled with them in 1974 and then was criticized, but was sympathized by the workers, who established a deep relationship with them. Now he was about to graduate from college, and his friends wanted him to go back. If he had not come to college, he would have taken a leading position. After the “Gang of Four" was smashed, the factory checked the people involved. He was the person in charge of the material group. If he didn't go to university, he would have been a leader. If he went back now, the working arrangement was not a problem. However, the unfamiliar Shekou was more attractive to him than the familiar Shanghai, so he still wanted to choose Shekou. The trouble was that his mother and lover did not agree with him leaving Shanghai. Shanghai had spacious housing. His sisters were abroad, so his mother wanted him to stay around, not to mention his lover's attachment to Shanghai. This was also human nature.<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。 <br />
<br />
"I have to convince my mother and my lover." Gu Liji was embarrassed to say with a smile.<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口，使他动了感情，他滔滔不绝地发起议论来。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng could understand and believe in young men very much. Gu Liji resolutely chose Shekou, which moved him, and he talked volubly. <br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办一个工业区呢？为了在那块地方搞改革，搞全面的改革，从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度，都要改，不改就没有出路。过去三十年，极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候，海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体，都是青年，他们为什么要跑？因为我们穷！ <br />
<br />
"Your choice is right. Shekou has ample scope for your abilities. Why do we want to run an industrial zone in Shekou? In order to carry out a reform in that area, to carry out a comprehensive reform, from business management, and personnel system to the wage system, all have to be changed. Without change there is no way out. Over the past 30 years, we have suffered from the thought of the extreme 'left’ and the rigid system. When we first arrived in Shekou in early 1979, the bodies of stowaways were found in the bay, which were all young people. Why did they run away? Because we were poor! <br />
<br />
“‘四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’，越搞跑的人越多。一些村子的青壮年几乎跑光了，真叫人欲哭无泪！蛇口对面就是香港的元朗，相隔只有6000米，晴天能看到它的高楼，它就是在我们‘十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了，必须把经济搞上去，这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公里，对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛，我们改革成功了，对全国就有很大的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛，无伤大局。当然，我们一定要尽最大的努力，争取成功，避免失败。我们这一代人是老了，当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时候，时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……” <br />
<br />
"Why did the 'Gang of Four' conduct 'Political frontier defense’. More people ran away. Some of the young and strong people of the village almost ran away. It really made us want to cry! Across the sea from Shekou is Yuen Long in Hong Kong, only 6,000 meters apart. We can see the tall buildings there on a clear day. It was developed during our 'Ten Years of Turmoil'. We can't do meaningless things anymore. We must increase the economy, so we must reform the backward system. Although Shekou Industrial Zone is only 2.14 square kilometers, which is just a drop for the country's 9.6 million square kilometers. If our reform is successful, it will be of great significance to the country. If we fail, it is also a drop in the bucket, which doesn't affect the whole. Of course, we must do our best to strive for success and avoid failure. Our generation is old, and we don't have much time when we realize that we have to do something. So hope is pinned on you..."<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动，身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚，望着自己的父亲，眼睛也有点热了…… <br />
<br />
Gu Liji felt his blood flowing faster and his body was very hot. Nya, who had not made a sound, looked at his father and his eyes also felt a little hot...<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会 <br />
<br />
VII. Press Conference<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来，当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书，1984年4月被聘为办公室主任。 <br />
<br />
After Gu Liji came out of the training course, he worked as the industrial zone office secretary for a period of time and was hired as the office director in April 1984.<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚，因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口，听说顾立基6日一早要去香港，5日晚我去登门拜访。 <br />
<br />
I didn't see Yuan Geng in July and returned to Guangzhou for business. I returned to Shekou on August 5, and heard that Gu Liji was going to Hong Kong early in the morning on the 6th. I came to visit him on the evening of the 5th.<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告，我为了听这个报告，推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的，谁都可以听，欢迎你去。”一见面顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。 <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng is back in Hong Kong and will return to Shekou tomorrow afternoon. He will give a report at 7:30 p.m. in the club auditorium. I postponed my trip to Hong Kong for a day in order to listen to this report. The report was public that anyone can listen to it. Welcome to listen." As soon as we met, Gu Liji told me the good news.<br />
<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗？” <br />
<br />
"Could he have time to talk to me?"<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难，他在蛇口不会待太久，一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告，你最好陪他回宿舍——他儿子的住处，或者宾馆，这样边走边谈，可以谈十来分钟……” <br />
<br />
"I'm afraid it's difficult. He won't stay long in Shekou and has many things to deal with once he returns. After hearing the report tomorrow, you'd better accompany him back to his dormitory--his son's residence, or the hotel, so that you can talk for ten minutes while walking..."<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗？ <br />
<br />
I was a little disappointed. Was Yuan Geng really so hard to see?<br />
<br />
不管怎样，先听听他的报告再说吧。 <br />
<br />
Anyway, listened to his report first.<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半，袁庚的报告准时开始。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng's report began on time at 7:30 p.m. on August 6.<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影，大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。今天这个会也叫新闻发布会，街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂，基本上坐满了，放眼望过去，都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。 <br />
<br />
The club's auditorium was usually used to show movies, and large-scale rallies and press conferences were sometimes held here. Today's meeting was also called a press conference, and there were posters on the street. The auditorium, which could accommodate over a thousand people, was almost full. Looking around, there were all young and happy faces. <br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上，顾立基主持大会。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng and the manager of the China Merchants Hong Kong Development Department Xiong Bingquan, who visited abroad with him, sat on the rostrum while Gu Liji presided over the conference.<br />
<br />
一开始，袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说： <br />
<br />
At the beginning, Yuan Geng laughingly shook two sheets of paper and said:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕，只讲个把钟头。” <br />
<br />
"Don't be afraid, everyone. I only speak for one or two hours."<br />
<br />
人们笑了，其实怕的是他讲得太短。 <br />
<br />
People laughed. They were actually afraid that he spoke too short.<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问，历时23天，访问了4个国家、16个公司、18个城市，从新加坡开始，往西到英国，再到美国、日本，整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处，受到隆重的、破格的接待，我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们四个人，而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化，在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到做蛇口人的光荣。” <br />
<br />
"This trip abroad lasted 23 days, and visited 4 countries, 16 companies, and 18 cities, starting from Singapore, west to the United Kingdom, and then to the United States, Japan, going around the world. Everywhere we went, we received a grand and exceptional reception, which I have never received as a diplomat. This is not because people value the four of us, but because of the changes in China Merchants Group and Shekou Industrial Zone. All of you have contributed. I deeply appreciate the honor of being a Shekou people."<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张，出国访问要花自己的钱，花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、软弱的地位。这次出访，他们带了20万美金的信用卡，足够用了，所到之处都坚持这个原则，唯独在新加坡失灵了。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng always advocated that he needed to spend his own money on overseas visits. Spending other people's money would put him in a passive and weak position in negotiations. On this trip, they brought $200,000 in credit cards, enough to use. He adhered to this principle everywhere he went, except in Singapore.<br />
<br />
那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系，但新加坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检，从飞机场一直送到最高级的香格里拉大酒店，袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前，这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫人；在他之后，住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨），每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观什么项目，全部满足要求。 <br />
<br />
At that time we didn't have diplomatic relations with Singapore, but the relevant party in Singapore was very friendly. They were exempt from customs inspection, and were sent from the airport to the top-class Shangri-La Hotel, where Yuan Geng was put in the most luxurious "presidential suite" (before him, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher stayed here; after him, U.S. Secretary of State Schultz lived), with a daily room rate of HK$5,000. Their all requirements are met, no matter what they wanted to visit.<br />
<br />
临走结账时，酒店经理说：“在你们到来之前，已经有人付了全部费用。” <br />
<br />
When they checked out before leaving, the hotel manager said, "Someone had already paid the full cost before you came."<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁，英国老板们在海员罢工浪潮的冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们，给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说：“我们原打算3年之内种植20万株月季，把蛇口建成玫瑰之城，现在看来太落后了……” <br />
<br />
They visited Aberdeen, the logistical base of the North Sea Oil Field in Britain. They were impressed by the warm and courteous reception that they received from British bosses who were under the impact of the wave of seamen's strikes. They were equally impressed by the boundless blooming roses in the north of England." We originally planned to plant 200,000 China roses in three years to turn Shekou into a city of roses, but now it seems too far behind..." Yuan Geng said.<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国，主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。 <br />
<br />
The visit focused on the United States, and the main task was to sign a contract for the introduction of a float glass factory.<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡，大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。 <br />
<br />
In Pittsburgh, the Greater Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce honored Yuan Geng as an honorary member.<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔，华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民，交给他一把金钥匙。女市长在宴会上说：“我是百分之百的中国人，也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说：“我很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判，就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过，”在经济问题上，兄弟无情，六亲不认！何况是与外国人谈判！” <br />
<br />
In Montreal, the American Chinese mayoress, Lily Lee Chen, declared Yuan Geng an honorary citizen and handed him a golden key. The mayoress said at the banquet, "I am 100 percent Chinese and 100 percent American." Yuan Geng said, "I appreciate her words." The negotiations about the introduction of the float glass factory were not so easy. Yuan Geng said, "In economic matters, I am ruthless to brothers and place righteousness above family loyalty! Not to mention that I am negotiating with foreigners!"<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前，有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过的曲折。 <br />
<br />
Before appreciating Yuan Geng's art of negotiation, it was necessary to review the twists and turns at home to introduce the factory.<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。 <br />
<br />
let's use Yuan Geng's words to illustrate the point.<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日，袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说： <br />
<br />
On March 22, 1984, Yuan Geng said in a speech to the students of the third training course for business management cadres:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件，大家听了很高兴，但我们不要高兴得过早。不要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了，但官僚主义、红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事，还是有的。例如我们正在谈判的浮法玻璃厂，到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃，为什么不准我们用最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ？最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局交涉。她们去的时候，人家一口答应，讲你们回去好了，但等我们企业室派人带合同去盖章的时候，又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干，他们讲：‘你们派了记者、作家来，我敢不答应吗？弄得不好，你们要写报告文学，写内参，我受得了吗’？……” <br />
<br />
"The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a document on March 10. We are very happy to hear it, but we should not be happy too early. Do not think that everything is solved after they said something. The previous open challenges may be gone, but there are still bureaucracy, jealous men, people who guess the mind of a man of high character with a mean thought, and things of giving others a hard time. For example, float glass factory that we are negotiating for has not been approved until now. Our country has to import a large number of glass every year, why are we not allowed to use the most advanced technology to make glass to replace into the imported glass? We recently sent two capable women to the General Administration of Building Materials to negotiate. When they arrived, the people here freely agreed and said they could go back in peace, but when our enterprise office sent someone to Take the contract to be sealed, they overruled it. When we asked why they did it, they said: 'You sent journalists and writers. Did I dare not say yes? If we didn't do well, you would write reportage and internal references, could I stand it'? ..."<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨，交涉了九个月，オ过了国内这一关。 <br />
<br />
Good things never come easy. They negotiated for nine months to overcome this domestic difficulty.<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判，当然不可能用这么长的时间，但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想而知的。 <br />
<br />
Of course, it could not take such a long time to negotiate with the Americans, but the level of intensity of the bargaining could be imagined.<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂，简直是一座玻璃城！它生产各式各样的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃，用25磅大锤从20米外打去，地皮都震动了，玻璃却安然无恙。我们和美国合资，投资一亿美元，引进一座同样的工厂，买他的专利，以后我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点，集中在每年所付专利费占销售总额的百分比上。 <br />
<br />
The American float glass factory was a factory with advanced technology, which was totally a glass city! It produced all kinds of glass. There was a kind of toughened glass that was hit with a 25-pound sledgehammer from 20 meters away and the ground shook, but the glass stayed intact. We had a joint venture with the United States. We invested $100 million to bring in the factory and buy its patents. Then we could build a second and a third. It was a good deal. And the negotiations focused on the percentage of the annual royalties to be paid in total sales.<br />
<br />
美方要6%，我们还价4%。 <br />
<br />
The U.S. side wanted 6%, and we bargained for 4%.<br />
<br />
美方降到5%，我们加到4.5%。 <br />
<br />
The U.S. side dropped to 5%, and we increased to 4.5%.<br />
<br />
寸利必争，形成僵局。 <br />
<br />
They competed for their own profit, and a stalemate was formed.<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng spoke.<br />
<br />
“先生们，我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针，2000年前发明了火药，全人类都在享受这些伟大的成果，可是他们从来没有要过什么专利，我们作为后代从来没有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋，而是觉得光荣。请问各位，那时候你们的祖先在哪里？恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前，是不是毛特别多……” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, our ancestors invented the compass 4,000 years ago, and gunpowder 2,000 years ago. All the human beings enjoy these great achievements, but the ancestors never asked for any patents. We as future generations have never called them bastards because of it, but feel honored. May I ask you, where were your ancestors at that time? I am afraid they were still in the trees. Please look at your chests, are they very hairy..."<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前，一个个咧嘴笑了。 <br />
<br />
The Americans really looked down at their chests, and all grinned.<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕，我的意思不是不付专利费，而是要求公平合理r’ <br />
<br />
"But don't be afraid. I don't mean not to pay the royalties, but to ask you to be fair and reasonable!”<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格，坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们，说不定会抗议呢！”你骂我们的祖先，是可忍，孰不可忍！” <br />
<br />
This was typical Yuan Geng's style, frank, humorous and witty. It worked on Americans. If it were us, might have protested! "You scolded our ancestors. If this can be tolerated, what can not!"<br />
<br />
终于达成协议：4.75%，为期10年。 <br />
<br />
An agreement was finally reached: 4.75 percent for 10 years.<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进一个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂，专利费是5%，时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说： <br />
<br />
This was quite favorable. A major city introduced a British glass factory whose technology was not so advanced, with a royalty rate of 5% for 12 years. Yuan Geng finally said passionately:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处，绝不能走美国的路！ <br />
<br />
"The United States centralized the best and the worst things in the world. We have to learn from its strengths and never go the way of the United States!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退，工业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走，他们还有点生气，现在停滞不前了。 <br />
<br />
"The world economy is in recession and the industrial structure is being reorganized. Five years ago I went around the world and they were a little angry. Now they are stagnant.<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方，转移到太平洋沿岸。 <br />
<br />
"Some say the center of the world economy is going to shift to the East, to the Pacific coast, in the late 1980s.<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了，现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈，今天下午四点半一踏上蛇口码头，就感到无比的清新，感到一草一木都非常亲切。 <br />
<br />
"Our system has made people lazy in the past, and now it's changing. This time I traveled around the world. As soon as I stepped on the Shekou Pier at 4:30 this afternoon, I felt much refreshed and felt that everything was very familiar.<br />
<br />
“10月1日，蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话，那是大家的功劳！ <br />
<br />
"On October 1, the Shekou's float will pass in front of Tian'anmen Square! If it is thrilling, it's the contribution of everyone!<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的，思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上，我们一定要赶上和超过他们！” <br />
<br />
"The capitalist world is rich in material things and poor in mind. We are moving up. We must catch up and surpass them!" <br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时，宣布散会了，大家意犹未尽。 <br />
<br />
After only one and a half hours, the meeting was declared closed. People were still being immersed.<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了，我放弃了跟上去的打算。 <br />
<br />
When Yuan Geng walked out of the meeting place, he was immediately surrounded by people. I gave up the intention of following him.<br />
<br />
八、“搞什么阴谋诡计？” <br />
<br />
Ⅷ. "What Schemes and Intrigues You Want to Go in for?"<br />
<br />
8月7日，袁庚开了一整天会，据说8日也不会有空，而9日一早又要回香港了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上，我给他写了一封信，说明这一次如果不能和他交谈，我将等待，直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨，我把这封信交给了工业区党委副书记乔胜利，请他转交。 <br />
<br />
On August 7th, Yuan Geng spent the day in meetings. It was said that he would not be free on the 8th, while he would go back to Hong Kong early in the morning on the 9th. I had no hope of seeing him in the next two days. In the evening, I wrote him a letter explaining that if I could not talk to him this time, I would wait until his next trip from Hong Kong. Early on the morning of the 8th, I handed the letter to Qiao Shengli, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone, asking him to deliver it.<br />
<br />
8日上午，我到办公大楼访问王潮梁，两人刚坐下来，办公室副主任黄振超匆匆忙忙地叫我：“袁董回来了，快去见他！” <br />
<br />
On the morning of the 8th, I visited Wang Chaoliang at the office building. As soon as they sat down, Huang Zhenchao, deputy director of the office, called me hurriedly, “Mr. Yuan is back. Go and see him!"<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉，说明另改时间，急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。 <br />
<br />
I apologized to Wang Chaoliang, explaining to him to change the time, and hurriedly followed Huang Zhenchao toward Yuan Geng's office.<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的，中间隔着大块的透明玻璃，老远就看见了袁庚，他手里正拿着一大摞文件。 <br />
<br />
The industrial zone office and Yuan Geng's office were connected, separated by a large piece of transparent glass. I saw Yuan Geng far away. He was holding a large pile of papers.<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候，黄振超在旁边向他说明：”只是见见面，不会占你很多时间。” <br />
<br />
When I shook hands with him, Huang Zhenchao explained to him from the side, "Just to see you. It won't take up much of your time."<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng, however, smiled and said casually: <br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的？来搞什么阴谋诡计？” <br />
<br />
"You're from ''Flower City''? What schemes and intrigues do you want to go in for?"<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了，而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。 <br />
<br />
A joke shortened the distance between us, and I felt that there seemed to be some kind of subtext behind this sentence.<br />
<br />
我知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。 <br />
<br />
I knew Yuan Geng was also quite concerned about the problems of literature and arts. <br />
<br />
梁宪说过，前几年在北京开会，有一天袁庚看了张洁的小说《爱，是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章，问他：”你认识这个作家吗？咱们把她请到蛇口去！”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所了解的，“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。 <br />
<br />
Liang Xian said that when he went to Beijing for a meeting a few years ago, one day Yuan Geng read Zhang Jie's novel ''Love must not be forgotten'' and related critiques, and asked him: "Do you know this writer? Let's invite her to Shekou!" I believe he knew something about the ''Flower City'', which had been attracting a lot of attention in the past few years, and the joke of "schemes and intrigues" was said not without reason.<br />
<br />
我也笑着说： <br />
<br />
I also said with a smile:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋，要写你和蛇口。” <br />
<br />
"I want to go in for the overt conspiracy. I want to write about you and Shekou."<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下，舒服地往藤椅上一靠，摆出了准备谈一阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好，这里问题多得很，改革每前进一步都要经过斗争，到处充满着矛盾。” <br />
<br />
He led me to the small parlor between the two offices and sat down, leaning back comfortably in a rattan chair and assuming a posture as if he was ready to talk for a long time." I don't have anything to write about. Don't say everything is good here. There are many problems. Every step forward in reform has to fight for, and everywhere is full of contradictions."<br />
<br />
我说：”正是这一点吸引了我。” <br />
<br />
I said, "That's what attracted me."<br />
<br />
“一个国家没有民主是不行的，而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国，政治家演说，群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿扔他，他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的，但这一套对巩固资产阶级的统治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底，孙中山是想搞民主的，他死得太早，没搞成。中华民族是伟大的，但是历史的包袱太重了。” <br />
<br />
"A country can't be better without democracy, and there is no democracy when the masses don't have the right to supervise and oust cadres. We have reformed the cadre system. In foreign countries, when a politician makes a speech, the masses can throw rotten eggs and tomatoes at him, and he still speaks with an umbrella in the way. You say his democracy is fake, but it's useful for consolidating the rule of the bourgeoisie. We should practice socialist democracy. China's bourgeois democratic revolution was not complete. Sun Yat-sen wanted democracy, but he died too early to achieve it. The Chinese nation is great, but the historic burdens are too heavy."<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说： <br />
<br />
Huang Hongjian, who came in halfway, interjected and said:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿，她在美国学企业管理，谈起来也说：在美国深有感慨，感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重。 <br />
<br />
"I recently received the daughter of a comrade in charge of the central committee. She studied business management in the United States. She also said that in the United States, she had a deep feeling that our great nation's historic burdens are too heavy.<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族，就没有什么框框，我在报告会上也说了，他们的总督牌香烟广告有一句口号是’想做就去做’，这句话香港也接受不了，译成’应做就去做’。当然，想干什么就干什么是不行的，但我们许多应干的事却干不成。” <br />
<br />
"As a nation, the United States hasn't many restrictions. As I said in the report meeting, their Viceroy cigarettes has a slogan in advertising 'If it's right, do it', this phrase can not be accepted in Hong Kong, translated as ‘do what you have to do’. Of course, we shouldn't do what we want, but we can't accomplish many of the things we have to do."<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历，他扼要地做了回答，着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命”中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时，这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来，微笑着站在那里不动，我知道是催他去开会，我们的谈话该结束了。 <br />
<br />
Then I asked him about his experience, and he gave a brief answer, focusing on his joining the Communist Party and his imprisonment during the "Cultural Revolution". We had been talking for almost an hour when Wang Jingui, deputy director of the Management Committee, walked in and stood still with a smile. I knew he was urging him to go to the meeting and it was time to end our conversation. <br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志，我们马上又赶到太子宾馆，和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢，对监狱内外情形都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说： <br />
<br />
Huang Hongjian made an appointment by phone with Comrade Wang Zongqian, the wife of Yuan Geng, who lived in the Prince Hotel, and we immediately rushed to there, talking with Mrs. Wang who was gentle and polite for an hour. What we talked about was mainly that Yuan Geng was in jail and was clear about the situation inside and outside the prison. Mrs. Wang said slowly and fondly: <br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨，出来就蔦儿了，可是他不，他的劲头反而更大了。” <br />
<br />
"Many people were broken and never recovered after that kind of torture. But he didn't. He was even more aggressive."<br />
<br />
我心里说：这オ是袁庚！ <br />
<br />
I said in my heart: this is the real Yuan Geng!<br />
<br />
过了几天，乔胜利对陈宜浩说：“袁董看了我的信，答应下次回来再和我谈。”可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。 <br />
<br />
After a few days, Qiao Shengli said to Chen Yihao: "Chairman Yuan read my letter and promised to talk to me again the next time he came back." But soon he was invited to Fujian by Comrade Xiang Nan.<br />
<br />
8月25日上午，我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息，急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联系。但是太迟了，他过了中午又要回香港，而上午的时间已经排满，就在和我通话的时候，他不得不放下电话去开门。他说： <br />
<br />
On the morning of August 25, I got the news that Yuan Geng had returned to Shekou and hurriedly called the Prince Hotel to contact him. But it was too late. He was going back to Hong Kong afternoon, and the morning was already full. And just as he was talking to me, he had to put down the phone to open the door. He said:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧，不要紧的，我们没有秘密。” <br />
<br />
"If you have any questions, just talk on the phone. It doesn't matter. We have no secrets."<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访，一时想不齐全，只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字，他一一做了回答：”这些也要发表吗？”我说：“不一定发表。”他说：”发表也没关系，那天我讲话外国人也听了。” <br />
<br />
I hadn't prepared for the telephone interview and couldn't think of all questions for a while, so I had to ask him a few details and figures about his visit abroad, and he answered them all and said: "Are these going to be published too?" I said, "Not necessarily." He said, "It doesn't matter if it is published, because foreigners listened to my speech that day too."<br />
<br />
我说：”将来排出校样，送给你看看好吗？免得事实有出入。” <br />
<br />
I said, "When the proof is done in the future, I will send you to see, okay? In case there is something different to the facts."<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查，出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的，难免出点差错。捅点娄子也不要紧。” <br />
<br />
"That is not necessary. Don't censor everything. It doesn't matter if something goes wrong. People are vivid and substantial, and mistakes are inevitable. It doesn't matter if you make some mistakes."<br />
<br />
<br />
“好了，谢谢您。” "Well, thank you."<br />
<br />
“谢谢。” "Thank you."<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。 <br />
<br />
I suddenly thought of two sentences from Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观，来到铝材厂门口时，他向学员们介绍：这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人，23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起来，大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停工，一个工人从高处摔下来受了伤，他的哥哥跑过去看了看，见弟弟没有生命危险，便又回去干活了。 <br />
<br />
Once Yuan Geng personally led the students in the training course for business management cadres to visit. When they came to the entrance of the aluminum factory, he introduced to the students: The construction of the factory building was put out to the Japanese. 23 Japanese built it in only 27 days. Even though the rain was so heavy that they could not open their eyes, they did not stop working. A worker fell from a high place and was injured, his older brother ran over to see that his brother was not in danger, and then he went back to work again.<br />
<br />
袁庚说：“日本不富没有天理！中国改革不富也没有天理！” <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said, "There is no reason for Japan not to be rich! There is no reason for China’s reform not to be rich!"<br />
<br />
现在我想说：蛇口的改革不成功没有天理！ <br />
<br />
Now I would like to say: there is no reason for Shekou's reform not to succeed!<br />
<br />
九、大鹏魂 <br />
<br />
Ⅸ. Dapeng Spirit<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚，魁梧、潇洒，兼有外交家和实业家的风度，具有一种吸引人的魅カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢？ <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was 66 years old, stout and dashing, having the air of both a diplomat and an industrialist and an attractive charm. From where did he come to us?<br />
<br />
拨开历史的迷雾，我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。 <br />
<br />
Clearing up the fog of confusion, we saw the solid footprints of a hot-blooded man.<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园，算是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。 <br />
<br />
He was born in Shuiba Village, Dapeng Town, Bao'an City, Guangdong Province (now Longgang District, Shenzhen City). His family had an orchard and could be considered a well-off family. The wind and waves of Dapeng Bay cultivated his mind.<br />
<br />
1935年，他毕业于广州广雅中学，随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测量员，他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校，陈济棠下台后，这家军校成了国民党中央军校的分校。 <br />
<br />
In 1935, he graduated from Guangzhou Guangya High School and then entered a surveying school. After a short period as a surveyor, he entered the Yantang Military Academy run by Chen Jitang, which became a branch academy of the Nationalist Party Central Military Academy after Chen Jitang stepped down.<br />
<br />
在学校里，袁庚是活跃的足球门将，练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕业，他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官，一个个腐化不堪，对民族危亡无动于衷，便愤然回到故乡大鹏镇，担任第一小学校长，同时兼任地方自卫队教官。 <br />
<br />
In school, Yuan Geng was an active goalkeeper and developed a strong body. After graduating from the military academy, he saw that the instructors, who were full of benevolence and morality, were all corrupt and indifferent to the national peril, so he returned to his hometown Dapeng Town in anger and became the principal of the first elementary school, while also serving as an instructor of the local self-defense troop.<br />
<br />
学校是国民党办的，自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的，但是学校和自卫队中都有中共地下党员。 <br />
<br />
The school was run by Nationalist Party and the self-defense troop was run by Deng Yanda's Third Party, but there were underground members of the Communist Party in both the school and the self-defense troop.<br />
<br />
戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚，在当地是一个重要人物，三种政治力量对他都很重视。 <br />
<br />
When Yuan Geng returned to his hometown, he was an important figure in the area, and all three political forces attached great importance to him.<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文，和他住到一起，亲自考察他。 <br />
<br />
Wang Wen, secretary of the underground County Committee of CPC, lived with him and examined him personally.<br />
<br />
革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
<br />
The hearts of revolutionaries and patriots were always in sympathy. Yuan Geng soon became friends with Wang Wen, Zhong Wen, Lai Zhongyuan and other underground party members, and was also close to Wang Bo, a teacher being trained by the party organization. Yuan Geng actively participated in all the activities to promote anti-Japanese, such as organizing evening schools and acting in plays. One time in the performance of "Put Down Your Whip", Wang Bo played the daughter who made a living by singing, and Yuan Geng played a young man who stopped the father from whipping his daughter. When he shouted "Put down your whip", he completely got into the role, forgetting that he was acting, and many audiences also rushed after him...<br />
<br />
1939年3月27日，袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党，从这一天起，他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。 <br />
<br />
On March 27, 1939, Yuan Geng was recommended to join the Communist Party of China by comrades Wang Wen and Zhong Wen. From that day on, he had lived up to the honorable title of member of the Communist Party of China.<br />
<br />
当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党的漫画，刺痛了国民党区党部，他的处境变得危险了，党组织于1939年冬天把他转移到党领导的抗日游击队，从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子，像大鹏一样展翅高飞了。 <br />
<br />
There was a local progressive publication "Dapeng Spirit". Yuan Geng published a cartoon satirizing the Nationalist Party in it, which stung the District Party headquarters of the Nationalist Party. His situation became dangerous and the Party organization transferred him to the anti-Japanese guerrilla force led by the Party in the winter of 1939, from which he began his fighting career in the East River Column. The son of Dapeng Bay spread his wings and flew high like the roc (named Dapeng in Chinese).<br />
<br />
抗日战争期间，美军作为盟军，在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组，担任东纵联络处处长的袁庚，和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示，东纵和美军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报，对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。 <br />
<br />
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the U.S. Army, as an allied force, sent an observation group in Yan'an and one in the East River Column. Yuan Geng, who was the director of the Liaison Office of East River Column, remained in regular contact with the U.S. military observation group in East River Column. According to the instructions of the Central Committee, the East River Column and the U.S. observation group exchanged information about the Japanese army in South China, which played a positive role in defeating Japanese imperialism.<br />
<br />
日寇投降时，英军远在缅甸，一个海军少将只率领一营人乘航空母舰赶到香港。他的兵力不足以维持治安，要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央，中央复电：为了对付国民党的内战阴谋，坚决撤离港九地区；同时要求在香港设立联络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判，袁庚不辱使命，漂亮地完成了任务，并成为驻香港办事处的第一任主任，这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能想到，历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折，二十多年后，这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。 <br />
<br />
When the Japanese aggressors surrendered, the British army was in Burma. A Rear Admiral led only one battalion to Hong Kong by an aircraft carrier. His forces were not enough to maintain law and order, and he asked our Hong Kong-Kowloon detachment of the East River Column not to retreat. The East River Column asked the Central Committee for advice, and the Central Committee replied with a telegram: In order to deal with the conspiracy of the Nationalist Party's civil war, evacuate the Hong Kong-Kowloon area resolutely; at the same time, set up a liaison agency in Hong Kong. The East River Column sent Yuan Geng to Hong Kong to negotiate. Yuan Geng fulfilled his mission, doing his job well and became the first director of the Liaison Office in Hong Kong, which was the predecessor of the Hong Kong branch of Xinhua News Agency later. Who would have thought that the way forward of history could be so twisted and more than twenty years later, these achievements had become "crimes".<br />
<br />
十、秦城监狱 <br />
<br />
X. Qincheng Prison<br />
<br />
1968年4月6日，袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家，到机关去上班。北京的4月初，春寒料峭，风沙迷眼，加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报，形成一片肃杀气氛，使袁庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作，刚告一段落，还来不及喘口气，就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息，他于愤懑中保持着镇定。 <br />
<br />
On April 6, 1968, Yuan Geng left his home in Xiyuan early in the morning and went to work. In early April in Beijing, the spring air was chill, and the wind and sand got into the eyes, with ferocious big-character posters everywhere, which formed an awful atmosphere, making Yuan Geng extremely depressed. He had just come to the end of his work of receiving and transporting Chinese refugees from Indonesia and he couldn't even catch his breath before he returned to work. Recently, he kept hearing the news that his old comrades in the East River Column had lost their freedom or their whereabouts were unknown. He kept his composure in the midst of his resentment.<br />
<br />
回到办公室不久，有人通知：“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门，看到除部长之外，还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长，面孔板得像一座木雕。 <br />
<br />
Soon after he returned to the office, someone informed him, "The minister wants to see you." He opened the door of the minister's office and saw that in addition to the minister, there were two public security officers. The minister, whose name often appeared in the newspapers, pulled a face like a wooden statue.<br />
<br />
“袁庚，你被捕了！” <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng, you're under arrest!"<br />
<br />
下午，机关召开大会，部长在会上宣布：”袁庚是美国特务，已经依法逮捕。“袁庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和刘丹一，互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周总理安全的情景，记忆犹新，那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间，周旋于华侨社会之中，眼睛熬红了，人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场，天理何在？！ <br />
<br />
In the afternoon, the organ held a general meeting and the minister announced: "Yuan Geng is an American spy and has been arrested in obedience to the law." Yuan Geng's close friends and neighbors, Liu Yamin and Liu Dan Yi, who worked together with him as consuls at the consulate-general in Jakarta, Indonesia, in the 1950s, exchanged looks of grief and indignation. In 1954, Yuan Geng and they worked together to defend the Bandung Conference and the security of Premier Zhou. The memory of the scene was still vivid. At that time, when Yuan Geng traveled between Jakarta and Bandung, circulated among the overseas Chinese community, his eyes were red, and he lost a lot of weight by overwork. Such loyalty ended up like this. Where was the justice?<br />
<br />
与此同时，汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中，勒令交出所有的钥匙，开始抄家。翻箱倒柜，从下午抄到天黑，然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时，オ发现三个孩子被关在门外不准进家，左邻右舍也不敢收留，孩子们在抹眼泪…… <br />
<br />
At the same time, Comrade Wang Zongqian was brought back home from his office, and ordered to hand over all his keys. They began to search her house. They rummaged the whole house, from afternoon to dark, and then brought her back to the office to search her desk. When she went out, she found that three children were shut out of the house and not allowed to enter the house. The neighbors did not dare to take them in, and the children were wiping their tears...<br />
<br />
从此以后，袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里，也不知是死是活，到哪里打听都说不知道。1969年，汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校，孩子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”，但作为“反革命家属”，她只能干最脏最累的活，如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎，痛得胳膊抬不起来，医生建议回北京治疗，干校就是不准。直到1972年初夏，她的大孩子中印就要下乡插队了，她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服，打点行装，オ被批准。 <br />
<br />
From then on, Yuan Geng disappeared from life. Wang Zongqian did not know where he was locked up, nor did she know if he was dead or alive. Everywhere she asked all said he did not know. In 1969, Wang Zongqian went to a cadet school in Zou County, Shandong Province, with the organ, while the children stayed in Beijing to live with their grandmother. Although Wang Zongqian was considered a "student of the cadre school", but as a "family member of a counter-revolutionary", she could only do the dirtiest and most tiring works, such as taking away manure from privies and washing toilets. Her left shoulder was suffering from periarthritis of the shoulder. It was so painful that she couldn't lift her arm. The doctor suggested that she go back to Beijing for treatment, but the cadre school didn't allow it. Until the early summer of 1972, when her eldest child, Zhongyin, was about to go and work in the countryside, she asked for leave to return to Beijing to wash her child's clothes and pack his luggage, which was approved.<br />
<br />
1972年7月，袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后，有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去探监。“他还活着，他还活着！”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。 <br />
<br />
In July 1972, when Yuan Geng was arrested for four years and three months, someone suddenly informed Wang Zongqian to visit him in Qincheng Prison. "He is still alive, he is still alive!" Wang Zongqian's heart was stuffed with this thought.<br />
<br />
汪宗谦心酸地发现，袁庚行走困难，说话声音也变了，而且他不知道当时是何年何月！ <br />
<br />
Wang Zongqian sadly find that Yuan Geng was difficult to walk, his voice had changed, and he even didn't know when it was!<br />
<br />
原来监狱里日夜亮着灯，犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替，失去了时间的概念；睡觉时只准脸朝外，一条腿总是压在下边，时间长了造成萎缩；长期不讲话，声带都沙哑了。 <br />
<br />
It turned out that the prison was lit day and night, so the prisoners could not distinguish and remember the alternation of day and night, losing the notion of time; they only allowed to sleep with their face outward, and one leg was always pressed down, which caused atrophy over time; they didn't speak for a long period, so the vocal cords were hoarse.<br />
<br />
我曾经听说，袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西，只有放风时在天井里看到墙根的小草。 <br />
<br />
I once heard that Yuan Geng could not see anything alive for several years in prison, and only saw the grass at the foot of the wall in the patio when he was allowed to go out.<br />
<br />
问他是不是这样，他说： <br />
<br />
When he was asked if this was the case, he said:<br />
<br />
“不，还有蚂蚁，我对蚂蚁很有研究。” <br />
<br />
"No, there are ants. I studied ants a lot."<br />
<br />
这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量！ <br />
<br />
How much heavy weight this easy sentence contained!<br />
<br />
汪宗谦见过了袁庚，就为救他而奔走了。 <br />
<br />
Having met Yuan Geng, Wang Zongqian ran around to save him.<br />
<br />
“没见他不知道他死活，既然知道他还活着，我就怕他死了！问题还没搞清，死了孩子们都得背黑锅呀！他住在楼上，要到楼下的天井放风，上下都很辛苦，我到中央接待站去上访，请求把他搬到楼下来，这个要求被接受了。” <br />
<br />
"I didn't know if he was dead or alive when I didn't see him, and since I knew he was alive, I'm afraid he will die! The problem is not yet clear, and the children will have to get the blame if he is dead! He lived upstairs and had to go downstairs to the patio to breathe the fresh air. It was hard to get up and down, so I went to the reception center of the central committee to ask for moving him downstairs, and this request was accepted."<br />
<br />
袁庚搬到楼下的一间房，发现席子底下有一团花白的头发，他判断这里关过一个五十多岁的女同志。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng moved to a room downstairs and found a tangle of white hair under the matting. He judged that a female comrade in her fifties had been imprisoned here.<br />
<br />
后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事，王光美说：“没错，正是我住过的那间房。” <br />
<br />
Later he talked about it accidentally with comrade Wang Guangmei at a banquet, who said, "Yes, it was exactly the same room I lived in."<br />
<br />
袁庚出狱，已是1973年9月30日，整整关了5年半。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was released from prison on September 30, 1973, after five and a half years.<br />
<br />
在狱中，睡觉时只要一转身，看守就在外边敲门。夜晚，敲门声常常把人惊醒。袁庚回到家里，刚一入睡就惊醒了，这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年，这种心悸病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能，却用了更长的时间。每天，汪宗谦搀着袁庚，一步，一步，慢慢地走，越走越远，越走越快，走了一年之久，两条腿オ恢复了平衡。 <br />
<br />
In prison, when he was sleeping, as soon as he turned around, the guard was outside knocking on the door. At night, the knocking often woke him up. After Yuan Geng returned home, he woke up just as soon as he fell asleep, which was the real lingering fear. After half a year, this fear gradually disappeared. And it took longer to restore the function of that atrophied leg. Every day, Wang Zongqian helped Yuan Geng, step by step, slowly walking, further and faster. After walking for a year, his two legs restored the balance.<br />
<br />
更可悲的是，有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子，出来不会走直路了，一走就转圈，连马路也不能过。 <br />
<br />
What was more sad was that some people walked in circles for years in their cells, and when they came out, they couldn't walk straight, they walked in circles and even couldn't cross the road.<br />
<br />
人啊，人！ <br />
<br />
Oh, human!<br />
<br />
人的尊严到哪里去了！ <br />
<br />
Where had the dignity of human gone!<br />
<br />
经过一年多的休养治疗，1975年，袁庚被分配到交通部，当了外事局副局长。 <br />
<br />
After more than a year of recuperation and treatment, Yuan Geng was assigned to the Ministry of Communications as the deputy director of the Foreign Affairs Bureau in 1975.<br />
<br />
一恢复工作，袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体一样活跃起来。 <br />
<br />
Once he returned to work, Yuan Geng's mind became as active as his newly recovered body.<br />
<br />
恢复工作之前，袁庚骑自行车上街，总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道，“不能开慢点吗”！恢复工作之后，自己也坐上了小汽车，有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了，“不能靠边骑吗”！他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化，在心里警告自己道：”可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀！” <br />
<br />
Before he resumed work, Yuan Geng rode a bicycle to the street and always felt that the cars passing by were too overbearing, "Can't you drive slower"! After he resumed work, he also drove the car and sometimes felt that the bicycles on the road were in the way, "Can't you ride on the side"? He soon realized this subtle change in his mental state and warned himself, "I can't let my position dictate my thinking!"<br />
<br />
多年来，这成了他的一个信条。 <br />
<br />
Over the years, this became one of his credos.<br />
<br />
十一、香港第一课 <br />
<br />
Ⅺ. The First Lesson in Hong Kong<br />
<br />
1978年，做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚，以花甲之年改行搞经济，被派到香港招商局担任副董事长。 <br />
<br />
In 1978, Yuan Geng, who had spent most of his life in military and diplomatic work, changed his career to economics in his sixties and was sent to the China Merchants Hong Kong to serve as vice chairman.<br />
<br />
招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日，招商局香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱，从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长，所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。从李鸿章算起，袁庚是第29任了。 <br />
<br />
China Merchants Group was founded in 1872 by Li Hongzhang, a northern minister in the Qing Dynasty. On January 15, 1950, the 13 ships of the Hong Kong branch of China Merchants Group rose in revolt and returned to the embrace of the motherland, then becoming the representative agency of the Ministry of Communications in Hong Kong. Previous ministers of the Ministry of Communications also served as chairman of the China Merchants Hong Kong, so the vice chairman was the de facto person in charge. Reckoning from Li Hongzhang, Yuan Geng was the 29th minister.<br />
<br />
香港招商局在极'左’思想影响之下，经营单一，困守一隅，搞了几十年没有什么发展。袁庚到任，根据中央定下的“以航运为中心，立足港澳，背靠内地，面向海外，多种经营，工商结合，买卖结合”的方针，以铁腕大力整顿。 <br />
<br />
Under the influence of the thought of the extreme 'left’, the China Merchants Hong Kong was very conservative with narrow business scope, and didn't develop much for decades. When Yuan Geng took office, he made energetic efforts to rectify with an iron fist, according to the policy of "shipping as the center, based on Hong Kong and Macao, backed by the mainland, facing overseas, a variety of business, combination of industry and commerce, and combination of buying and selling" set by the central committee.<br />
<br />
袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said in his speech at the Economic Seminar of Part Coastal Open Cities:<br />
<br />
“我到香港的第一课，就是买了一座大楼，非常便宜，只花了6180万（港币）。第一次交订金时，支票2000万。那天是星期五，当时讲好下午2点钟，在一个律师楼里，大家一手交钱，一手交货。我们开了2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里，发动机都没有停。一上去之后，大家一手交货，一手交钱，签字。签完字，对方拿着支票，两个人夹住，下去了。剩下一个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度，马上存到银行里去了。因为明天是礼拜六了，人家银行关门，礼拜天也关门，假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前不到银行去交那个支票的话，他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支票交给他。我们的财务去了，他回来向我们报告，他说当时那个场面是很动人的。当然，我们闭着眼睛也能想到，资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重视，当时浮动利息是14厘，三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志，那就无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去，回家。他没有这个观念！这就是香港第一课。我也不怕自惭形秽，一窍不通，我接触经济工作，仅仅是5年多前开始的。但一开始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多！招商局的子公司多的是，一检查，发现支票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了，换了一个华东财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后，我就给他讲这个道理，一个礼拜之内他就能够接受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事，立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后，财源滚滚而来。……这个‘时间就是金钱’，不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我，其实这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’，它说得比我还厉害，时间重于金钱！” <br />
<br />
"My first lesson in Hong Kong was to buy a building, which was very cheap, costing only 61.8 million (Hong Kong dollars). The deposit I paid for the first time was a cheque for 20 million. It was a Friday, and it was agreed that we would cash on delivery at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, in a lawyer building. We signed a cheque for 20 million and went to the lawyer building. There were many people from the seller's side. A few cars were parked downstairs, with their engines running. Once we went up, we cashed on delivery, and signed. After signing, the other party took the cheque, two people clamped it, and went down. One boss was left to talk to us about the aftermath. The cheque was sent to the bank to be deposited immediately by a car as fast as possible. Because tomorrow was Saturday, the bank was closed, and was also closed on Sunday. If he didn't go to the bank to hand over that cheque before 3 o'clock on Friday afternoon, he would lose the interest of 20 million for three days. So he asked for the cheque to be delivered to him on time. Our accountant went there and he came back to report to us, and he said it was a very moving scene. Of course, we could think it blindfolded. Why the capitalist attached so much importance to the interest of 20 million in the bank for three days. At that time, the floating rate was 1.4%, and three days means tens of thousands of dollars of interest. If it was our comrade in the mainland, it didn't matter. This check would be put at home and he would go home. Because he didn't have this concept! This was the first lesson I learned in Hong Kong. I'm not afraid to be ashamed of myself and know nothing about it. I just started working in the economy more than five years ago. But as soon as I started, I realized that we have a lot of problems with economic work in China! There are many subsidiaries of the China Merchants Group. When I checked, I found that they thought putting the cheque at home overnight was not a serious thing. Soon I changed the accountant and replaced him with a graduate from the East China College of Finance and Economics. When he came, I told him it, and within a week he was able to accept it. He said that money management here was totally different from the mainland, and he would immediately rectify it. After the rectification, the money was rolling in... 'Time is money' is not unreasonable. Now many people scold me. Actually, this phrase was not invented by me. China has long spoken 'An inch of time is worth an inch of gold', which is said more strongly than my words. Time is more important than money!"<br />
<br />
招商局走上轨道，袁庚就考虑进一步的发展了。1979年初，他和有关同志带着在蛇口开发工业区的蓝图，到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志很感兴趣，当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给工业区，袁庚还没有这个胆量，只要了2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候，袁庚心里默默地说： <br />
<br />
After China Merchants Group was on the right track, Yuan Geng considered further development. At the beginning of 1979, he and some related comrades went to Beijing to report to Li Xiannian, and Gu Mu with the blueprint for developing the industrial zone in Shekou. Li Xiannian and Gu Mu were very interested, and agreed to give the entire Nanshan Peninsula to the industrial zone. But Yuan Geng did not have the guts, only receiving 2.14 square kilometers. When Comrade Li Xiannian picked up his pen to sign their report, Yuan Geng silently said in his heart:<br />
<br />
“先念同志，签吧，您这一笔下去，将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀！” <br />
<br />
"Comrade Xiannian, sign it. With this stroke written down, future generations of the Chinese nation will be benefited ah!"<br />
<br />
十二、清新 <br />
<br />
Ⅻ. Freshness<br />
<br />
1984年8月，蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅，迎面是一架屏风，正中间挂着一幅草书，苍劲流畅的书法，引人注目，细看那内容，更是气度非凡。这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本，把它抄了下来。 <br />
<br />
In August 1984, the first painting and calligraphy exhibition in Shekou Industrial Zone opened. The audience entered the exhibition hall, facing a screen, with a cursive calligraphy hanging in the middle. The strong and smooth calligraphy was eye-catching. When looking closely at the content, it was more imposing. This was the work of the versatile Yuan Geng. I couldn't resist pulling out my notebook and copying it down.<br />
<br />
登微波楼 <br />
<br />
Climbing the Microwave Telecommunication Building<br />
<br />
微波楼上，雨初晴，水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小，探手银河可摘。鹰掠浮云，鸥翻怒浪，何惧风雷激。掀天揭地，方显男儿胆识。梧桐山挹群峰，若游龙，直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海，洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排，帆樯队列，似神蛇添翼。中华崛起，英雄豪杰辈出。 <br />
<br />
Standing on the Microwave Telecommunication Building, it just clears up after the rain and the sky is clear blue after being immersed in water. I look far away, finding that the universe is so small, as if I can reach for the Milky Way. The eagle glides through the floating clouds, and seagulls flip over the surging waves, who are completely unafraid of the gathering storm. The world is shaken, showing the courage and insight of men. The peaks of the Wutong Mountain, like dragons in flight, sweep across Tuen Mun in the northwest. Rolling Pearl River flows south into the sea, showering Lindingyang Bay with spring scenery. The factory buildings are located like fish scales, and the ships are in a queue, like the divine snake who has grown wings. With the rise of China, numerous heroes have emerged.<br />
<br />
时维甲子，序属清明，雨后登蛇口微波楼，有清新感，兴之所至，填［念奴娇］。格律工否，非所计也，取其义耳。 <br />
<br />
Now is Pure Brightness in 1984. After the rain, I climb the Microwave Telecommunication Building in Shekou and have a feeling of freshness. Then I write a poem to the tune of Nian Nu Jiao while the whim lasts. I don't consider the rules and forms of the poem, but the meaning of it.<br />
<br />
宝安袁庚 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng in Baoan<br />
<br />
我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过，“每登微波楼，均有清新感”。可见“清新感”一词不是随便用的。 <br />
<br />
I paid attention to the words "have a feeling of freshness". In a letter to Liu Da, the president of Tsinghua University, Yuan Geng also said, "Every time I climb the Microwave Telecommunication Building, I have a feeling of freshness. It was clear that the phrase " a feeling of freshness " could not be used casually.<br />
<br />
我有同感。 <br />
<br />
I felt the same way.<br />
<br />
蛇口经过5年多的建设，已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区，当然以工业为主。引进项目98个，有52个已经开业投产。几十座工厂，几百栋宿舍楼，海滨的花园别墅，在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排，帆樯队列”，完全是写实，没有一点夸张。工业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头，许多外国石油公司和财团的代表机构也在这里办公，水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前，蒲公英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上，就是引进的具有20世纪70年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望，整个工业区尽收眼底，难怪这是袁庚心爱的一个去处。 <br />
<br />
After more than five years of construction, Shekou had become a new type of seaport. The industrial zone, of course, focused on industry. 82 projects had been introduced, 52 of which went into production. Dozens of factories, hundreds of dormitory buildings, and garden villas at the seaside went up at the desolate beach. "The factory buildings are located like fish scales, and the ships are in a queue" was written realistically, without any exaggeration. The seven-story office building of the Industrial Zone’s management committee was located close to the Wuwan Pier, where the representative offices of many foreign oil companies and consortia also worked here. The hydrofoils ran between Shekou and Hong Kong. In front of the building, a dandelion-like circular water sculpture splashed water like pearls. On the hill behind the building was the introduced microwave telecommunication building with the advanced level of the 1970s. Climbing the building to look around, the whole industrial area could be seen. No wonder this was Yuan Geng's favorite place to go.<br />
<br />
六湾中央的岸边，停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪华的大型客轮，诞生于1962年的法国，后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间，它在海洋上奔波，到过数十个海港城市，如今它退役了，古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归宿之地。它虽然不再航行，但风姿不减当年，以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜，灯火通明，烟花四起，它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候，一片反对之声，现在事实说明，它为蛇口添了异彩，对的又是袁庚。 <br />
<br />
The Minghua ship, which was dedicated an inscription of "Sea Word" by Deng Xiaoping, docked at the shore of the central area of Liuwan Bay. This luxury large passenger ship was born in France in 1962, and was later bought by Guangzhou Ocean Shipping Company. Over the past 21 years, it had traveled on the ocean and visited dozens of seaports. Now that it was retired, the ancient but young Shekou had become its home. Though it no longer sailed, but its charm was as good as ever, attracting thousands of visitors with its rooms, restaurants, dance hall, shopping mall and amusement park. At night, with its bright lights and fireworks, it seemed to be a palace on the sea. When Yuan Geng decided to spend 3 million yuan to buy it last year, many people disagreed with him. Now the facts showed that it had added a different color to Shekou. Yes, it was Yuan Geng again.<br />
<br />
晚上，我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上，观两岸灯火，听一片涛声，历史和现实在脑海里交叉、叠印，我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远，就是伶仃洋，就是珠江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音，陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音，仿佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮，更是历史的见证。 <br />
<br />
In the evening, I went for a walk at the seaside. I sat on the stone rail, watching the lights on both sides of the sea, listening to the sound of the wave, history and reality crossing and overprinting in my mind, and my heart could not calm down like the sea. Not far to the west, was the Lonely Ocean (Lindingyang Bay), which was the mouth of the Pearl River. The sound of Wen Tianxiang's sighing "On Lonely Ocean now I feel dreary and lonely" and the sound of Lu Xiufu's throwing himself into the sea with the Song Emperor on his back seemed to come from the depths of history. The rusty ancient cannon on the Chiwan Zuo Fort was also a witness of history.<br />
<br />
144年前，面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队，它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼，从而揭开了鸦片战争的序幕。但是，它能打掉海盗船的威风，却打不掉清王朝的腐朽，它和林则徐一道被出卖了。花开花谢，潮涨潮落，一百年过去了，终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚，指挥炮兵健儿，威震敌胆，一举解放了这片土地，解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到，30年的历史弯路，辜负了这大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心，月黑风高之夜，来到这荒凉的海滩，从这儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙，涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候，痛苦的心情真是难以表达。现在好了，オ过去五年，不过是历史的一瞬，蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色，他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喁喁私语的情侣，望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的孩子，心里暗暗地说：祝福你们，幸运的蛇口人！ <br />
<br />
Some young people lost confidence in the motherland. They came to this desolate beach in the dark and windy night, swimming to the lights on the other side from here. Some of them drowned in the halfway, and the tide pushed their bodies back to the place where they started. When Yuan Geng returned to Shekou five years ago and saw the bodies of these unfortunate people, it was hard to express his pain. Now, only five years passed, which was a moment in history, Shekou's lights at night were not inferior to the other side of the sea. It was said that Yuan Geng once drove on the other side of the sea to look at the night of Shekou, and I think it was also hard to express his joyful feelings. I looked at the couples whispering to each other on the benches in the seaside garden, at the children dancing around their young parents, and secretly said: Bless you, lucky Shekou people! 144 years ago, in the face of the unbeatable British Imperial Fleet, it bravely gave its first roar, thus opening the prologue of the Opium War. However, it could knock down the might of the pirate ships, but not the decadence of the Qing Dynasty, and it was betrayed along with Lin Zexu. With flowers blooming and fading, and the tide rising and falling, a hundred years passed, and it finally ushered in the earthshaking changes in 1949. Yuan Geng, the head of the artillery regiment of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, commanded the artillery soldiers to strike terror into the hearts of the enemy, and liberated this land and Dachan Island on Lindingyang Bay at one stroke. But no one expected that 30 years of historical detours failed to live up the beautiful land’s expectations.<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象，还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、工资制度的改革，由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化，这些属于上层建筑领域的清新之处，比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。 <br />
<br />
These were the visible fresh scenes, but there were also the invisible ones. The reform of the economic system, the personnel system, the wage system, the changes in human relations and values caused by these changes, which were the freshness of the superstructure, was more beautiful and moving than the brilliant lights of the night.<br />
<br />
啊，清新的蛇口！ <br />
<br />
Ah, the fresh Shekou!<br />
<br />
十三、心血 <br />
<br />
XIII. Painstaking Effort<br />
<br />
清新动人的蛇口，是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。 <br />
<br />
The fresh and attractive Shekou was sculpted by thousands of laborers with their painstaking efforts and hands.<br />
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这中间，袁庚倾注了更多的心血。 <br />
<br />
And Yuan Geng devoted more efforts.<br />
<br />
工业区创建初期，香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥，他出色地贯彻了袁庚的意图，艰苦深入，日夜辛劳，给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港后，袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计，又关心具体问题，处理问题总是站在战略的高度，高瞻远瞩。他一天工作十几个小时，中午在藤椅上靠几分钟又工作了，晚上常常熬到深夜。 <br />
<br />
In the early days of the industrial zone, Zhang Zhensheng, the general manager of Ocean Shipping Company affiliated to China Merchants Hong Kong, served as the commander-in-chief. He carried out Yuan Geng's intention brilliantly, going into more depth about it, working hard day and night, which left a deep impression on people. After he was transferred back to Hong Kong, Yuan Geng took on the main leadership position of the industrial zone himself. He not only considered the overall policy, but also cared about the specific problems. He always dealt with problems from a strategic height and looked far ahead. He worked more than ten hours a day, leaning on a rattan chair for a few minutes at noon and then working again. He often stayed up late at night.<br />
<br />
第一批引进的工厂中，有个华美钢厂，是招商局与香港合资的企业。 <br />
<br />
Huamei Steel was one of the first factories which were introduced, which was a joint venture between China Merchants Group and Hong Kong.<br />
<br />
这位姓施的老板，本来是经营地皮股票的，对办工厂并无兴趣。 <br />
<br />
The owner, surnamed Shi, used to trade land stocks, and was not interested in running a factory.<br />
<br />
袁庚在印尼工作时结识的一位华侨朋友，代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术，认为在蛇口办一间轧制钢材的钢厂有利可图，便极カ劝施老板投资。 <br />
<br />
A Chinese friend, who was met by Yuan Geng while he was working in Indonesia, investigated the steel technology in the country in Boss Shi's stead. He thought it was profitable to run a steel mill that rolled steel in Shekou, so he tried to advise Boss Shi to invest.<br />
<br />
双方有利，一拍即合。 <br />
<br />
The two sides were favorable, and they immediately agreed.<br />
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引进的设备在国内是先进的，投资额近一亿港元。 <br />
<br />
The equipment introduced was advanced in China, and the investment was worth nearly HK$100 million.<br />
<br />
1984年春，钢厂股东和工业区管委会举行联席会议，讨论经营方面面临的问题。港务公司提出一个悬案：建厂初期，厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的露天堆场，已经7个多月，港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费，而厂方拒绝付款，一直未能解决。 <br />
<br />
In the spring of 1984, shareholders of the steel mill and the industrial zone management committee held a joint meeting to discuss the problems in management. The ports company put forward an unsolved case: in the early days of the factory, more than 3000 tons of steel were stacked in the open yard of Wuwan Pier. It had been more than seven months, and ports company wanted to collect HK $600000 in stacking fees, but the factory refused to pay, which had not been solved.<br />
<br />
这个问题一提出，气氛紧张起来，施老板很激动，把财务经理和总工程师都叫来，讨价还价。他们说，工厂里没有堆场，所以无法提货，这不能怪他们。袁庚提出到工厂去看看，确实没有堆场，但那是管理不善造成的，只要加以整顿，就完全可以清出堆场来。 <br />
<br />
As soon as this question was raised, the atmosphere became strained. Boss Shi was so excited that he called the financial manager and the chief engineer to haggle. They said there was no yard in the factory, so they could not take delivery of the goods, which could not blame them. Yuan Geng proposed to the factory to see. There was no storage yard indeed, but it was caused by mismanagement. As long as to rectify, they could completely clear a storage yard.<br />
<br />
施老板知道理亏，答应出一半堆放费。 <br />
<br />
Boss Shi knew that he was in the wrong position, promising to pay half of the stacking fee.<br />
<br />
事情没有解决，该吃午饭了，袁庚说下午再议。 <br />
<br />
The matter was not resolved. It was time to eat lunch, and Yuan Geng said to discuss it in the afternoon.<br />
<br />
午饭后的短暂时间，袁庚当机立断，做了我方人员的思想工作，说明吸引施先生投资办工厂不易，应从大处和远处着眼，做出让步。 <br />
<br />
In a short time after lunch, Yuan Geng made an immediate decision to do the ideological work of our staff, explaining that it was not easy to attract Mr. Shi to invest and run the factory, so they should look at the big picture and the long term, to make concessions.<br />
<br />
下午会一开始，施老板就不耐烦地说： <br />
<br />
As soon as the meeting started at noon, Boss Shi said impatiently:<br />
<br />
“袁老板，你拍板吧！工厂你招商局也有份的！” <br />
<br />
"Boss Yuan, you decide! Your Merchants Group take a share of the factory as well!"<br />
<br />
袁庚不紧不慢地说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said unhurriedly:<br />
<br />
“这件事，我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的，工厂怎能长期让它堆放在码头？工厂没有堆场，这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对，你们为什么不催货主提货，任凭这些钢铁长期堆放？难道只要有堆放费可收就行了？你们应当考虑工业区的全局利益，考虑如何促进生产。 <br />
<br />
"In this case, I think there is blame on both sides. Since the steel belongs to the factory, how can the factory let it be stacked at the pier for a long time? The factory does not have a store yard, which is caused by management chaos. The ports company is also wrong. Why didn't you urge the owner of the cargo to take delivery of the goods and let the steel pile up for a long time? Do you just need to have a stacking fee to collect? You should consider the overall interests of the industrial zone and consider how to promote production.<br />
<br />
“出现这样的问题，是第一次，我的意见，这一次堆放费就免了，下不为例，工厂必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。” <br />
<br />
"It is the first time that such a problem has occurred. My opinion is that the stacking fee will be waived this time, and it will not be repeated next time. And the factory must remove these steels as soon as possible."<br />
<br />
这种出乎意料的处理方式，使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说：“谢谢你，袁先生！我口服心服！工厂接受批评，一定限期运走。”之后施老板积极性大增，双方合作一直很好。 <br />
<br />
This unexpected treatment impressed Boss Shi, who was in his thirties. He stood up and said, "Thank you, Mr. Yuan! I was sincerely convinced! The factory accepted the criticism and must take them away within a certain time limit." Since then, Boss Shi had been more active and the cooperation between the two sides had been always very good.<br />
<br />
创造良好的投资环境，使投资方有利可图，才能进一步吸引外资，这一直是袁庚的一个指导思想。 <br />
<br />
Creating a good investment environment made investors profitable, and then further attracted foreign investment, which had been a guiding ideology of Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上，袁庚宣布装卸费减半，博得一阵热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解，后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光，这措施对吸引外资起了很好的作用。 <br />
<br />
In 1982, at the opening ceremony of the Shekou Branch of Nanyang Commercial Bank, Yuan Geng announced that the handling fee had been halved, which won a burst of warm applause. At that time, some comrades did not understand, and later the facts proved Yuan Geng's strategic vision. This measure played a good role in attracting foreign investment.<br />
<br />
在日本三洋（蛇口）公司的开业典礼上，袁庚风趣地对来宾说： <br />
<br />
At the opening ceremony of Japan Sanyo (Shekou) Company, Yuan Geng said humorously to the guests:<br />
<br />
“先生们，我们希望你们赚钱，你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, we hope you can make money, and we win when you make money."<br />
<br />
这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说： <br />
<br />
This certainly didn't mean in any way that we didn't want to make money. Yuan Geng also said to the bosses of Western oil companies:<br />
<br />
“先生们，我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来，那就看我的本事了。” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, I'm going to take money out of your pockets. And whether I can get the money depends on my ability."<br />
<br />
对这些坦率的语言，老板们总是报以掌声。 <br />
<br />
The bosses always applauded such frank words.<br />
<br />
但是，如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益，那就错了。 <br />
<br />
However, it would be wrong to think that Yuan Geng disregarded the principles of socialism and the interests of workers.<br />
<br />
在根本问题上，袁庚是坚定不移的。 <br />
<br />
On the fundamental issue, Yuan Geng was steadfast.<br />
<br />
1983年5月，由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震动整个工业区的事件。 <br />
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In May 1983, an incident that shook the entire industrial zone occurred at the Kaida Toy Factory, which was wholly owned and operated by Hong Kong Kaida Industries Limited.<br />
<br />
一个时期以来，这家工厂为了追求超额利润，强迫工人超时加班，有时干到凌晨4点甚至6点，一个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地，工人发病率急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为工业区人们议论的焦点。 <br />
<br />
For a period of time, in pursuit of super profits, this factory forced workers to work overtime, sometimes as late as 4 a.m. or even 6 a.m., with one worker doing the work of the two. Many workers fainted from exhaustion, and the morbidity rate of workers rose sharply. Those who refused to work overtime would be fired. The Kaida factory became the focus of discussion in the industrial zone.<br />
<br />
5月下旬，工业区召开首届团代会，凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季，接受了大量订单，正在拼命赶工。尽管团代会是晚上举行，并不占用正常的劳动时间，厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳萍平时劳动质量好，效率高，很少出差错，可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停工，罪名是”拒绝加班”。 <br />
<br />
In late May, the industrial zone held the first League Member Congress, and Zheng Yanping, a female worker in the Kaida factory was a representative of league members. However, at this time, the factory accepted a large number of orders to meet the key season for sales of International Children's Day, and was desperately trying to catch up with the work. Although the congress was held in the evening and didn't take up the normal working time, the factory still didn't allow Zheng Yanping to attend. Zheng Yanping usually had good labor quality and high efficiency, and rarely made mistakes, but because she attended the League Member Congress, the factory still unreasonably stopped her work with the charge of "refusing to work overtime".<br />
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工人们愤怒了！蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下，岂能任资本家为所欲为！ <br />
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The workers were angry! After all, Shekou was ruled by socialism. How could they let the capitalists do whatever they want!<br />
<br />
共青团管不了工厂的事，工会来管。 <br />
<br />
Matters beyond the Communist Youth League's control, could be controlled by trade union.<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的一个大厂，当时有1200多名工人，占工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候，管委会副主任熊秉权说：“凯达厂工会搞不起来，整个工业区等于没搞！”厂工会建立起来了，由工业区团委副书记端木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘，别看才23岁，已经做了三年团的专职干部，在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿舍，她就向工业区领导写过一个调查报告，当时招商局从全局考虑，没把这件事闹大，平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报工业区领导。 <br />
<br />
The Kaida factory was a large factory with early investment and a large number of workers in the industrial zone, which had more than 1200 workers, accounting for one-third of the total number of workers in the zone. When preparing for the establishment of trade union, Xiong Bingquan, the deputy director of the management committee, said: "If the Kaida factory trade union could not be organized, the entire industrial zone was not built too!" The factory trade union was established, and Duanmu Mo, the deputy secretary of the League Committee of the industrial zone, was also the chairman of the union. This girl with glasses from Lianyungang, Jiangsu, although only 23 years old, had been a full-time cadre of the league for three years, who was unequivocal on matters of principle. Last year, she wrote an investigation report to the leaders of the industrial zone about the illegal search of workers' dormitories in the Kaida factory. At that time, China Merchants Groups considered the big picture, and didn't escalate, resolving it peacefully. Now Duanmu Mo promptly reported the situation to the leaders of the industrial zone step by step.<br />
<br />
报告送到袁庚手里。 <br />
<br />
The report was sent to Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
袁庚没见过郑艳萍，但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道，近来更关心着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng had never met Zheng Yanping, but he had dealt with the female workers in the Kaida factory three years ago. Recently, he was more concerned about their recent situation. He had fatherly feelings for them.<br />
<br />
1981年，袁庚从香港过来，听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡，没有桌子写信，写信要在走廊里写，有些人想家流泪，马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心，安慰工人，答应三天内一定解决她们的困难，临走伸出小手指说： <br />
<br />
In 1981, Yuan Geng came from Hong Kong and heard that the female workers in the Kaida Factory had no hot water for bathing, no table for writing letters, who had written them in the corridor, and some of them were homesick with tears. So he immediately went to the dormitory with Liu Qinglin, the deputy director, and Yu Weiping, the office director, to visit the workers. He had a heart-to-heart talk with the workers, comforted them, promising to solve their problems within three days. Before leaving, he stretched out his little finger and said:<br />
<br />
“你们信不信我的话？要不要勾手指？” <br />
<br />
"Do you believe me or not? Do you want to have a pinkie promise?"<br />
<br />
姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲，脸上的愁云一扫而光，开朗地笑了：“我们相信！” <br />
<br />
The girls did not expect the commander-in-chief to be so amiable, and the sad clouds on their faces were swept away and they smiled broadly: "We believe you!"<br />
<br />
“我们相信！”这不是相信袁庚他个人，而是相信党，相信社会主义啊！如今厂方对待工人无理到这种地步，再让步就丧失原则了。 <br />
<br />
"We believe you!" This was not to believe in Yuan Geng personally, but to believe in the Party, to believe in socialism! Now the factory treated the workers unreasonably to such an extent, and it would be a loss of principle to give in again.<br />
<br />
他激动地在报告上批道： <br />
<br />
He excitedly criticized in the report:<br />
<br />
“加班应是自愿原则，要找资方严肃讲清楚，不准他们胡来。” <br />
<br />
"Overtime work should be voluntary. We should make it clear to the management seriously, and don’t allow them to mess about with it."<br />
<br />
替工人说话，帮郑艳萍复工，维护独资企业工人的合法权益，工会是责无旁贷的。 <br />
<br />
It was the duty of the trade union to speak for the workers, help Zheng Yanping to resume work, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the workers of the sole proprietorship.<br />
<br />
根据他的批示精神，端木默深入女工宿舍，反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加班，找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后，往往谈到一两点钟。有的工人怕老板报复，在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲，常在深夜去敲她的门。经过一个多月的艰苦劳动，终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委，赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强，工作认真负责，积极主动。 <br />
<br />
According to his instructions, Duanmu Mo went deep into the female workers' dormitory and repeatedly made a lot of investigations. As workers had to work overtime, she usually talked to workers after 12 o'clock at night, often talking to one or two o'clock. Some workers were afraid of retaliation from the boss, they didn't dare to talk in front of others in the dormitory, and often knocked on her door late at night. After more than a month of hard work, she finally mastered a large number of first-hand materials. The Shenzhen Federation of Trade Unions Working Group once wrote to the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone for it, praising Comrade Duanmu Mo for her high vigilance, strong organization, conscientious and responsible work, activeness and initiative.<br />
<br />
接着，在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切配合下，把工厂几年来违法的行为，包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍，侵犯人权，以及厂方无限制加班加点，给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来，整理成材料，向厂方提出：如不改正错误，就诉诸法律，寻求法律途径解决。 <br />
<br />
Then, under the specific guidance of the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone, the District Trade Union and the Shenzhen Federation of Trade Unions and with the close cooperation of all relevant departments, all the illegal acts of the factory over the past few years, including the illegal search of the workers' dormitories last year, human rights violations, and the unrestricted overtime required by the factory, which brought serious harm to the health of the workers, were collected and compiled into materials and proposed to the factory: If they didn't correct the mistakes, they would resort to the law, seeking legal solutions.<br />
<br />
厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下，厂主不得不答应给郑艳萍复工，补发停工期间的工资，工人加班自愿，每天加班时间控制在两小时以内。 <br />
<br />
The factory understands the consequences of resorting to the law. The law of value worked. With the efforts of many parties, the factory owner had to promise to allow Zheng Yanping back to work, compensating the wages during the suspension period. And the workers worked overtime voluntarily, with overtime hours limited to less than two hours a day.<br />
<br />
斗争胜利了。 <br />
<br />
The struggle was won.<br />
<br />
原来很普通的女工郑艳萍，在斗争中受到锻炼，成了凯达厂工会副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默，现在已由工业区组干处推荐，考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系，凯达厂工会工作的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了。 <br />
<br />
Zheng Yanping, a very ordinary female worker before, was trained in the struggle and became the vice president of the trade union of the Kaida factory and a women's commissioner of the trade union of the industrial zone. Duanmu Mo, who had majored in English in Lianyungang for two years, was now recommended by the Division of Organizing Cadres of the industrial zone and enrolled in the business management department of Shenzhen University's cadre training course, and the burden of trade union work in the Kaida factory fell on her shoulders.<br />
<br />
工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争，这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯达厂开工以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口“到底姓社还是姓资”的人，也可以从这里得出必要的结论。 <br />
<br />
All the sole proprietorships and joint ventures in the industrial zone had seen this struggle, and the victory of this struggle was our total comeback against a series of bad behaviors of the Kaida factory since it started work. Those who doubted whether Shekou was surnamed "Socialism or Capitalism" could draw the necessary conclusions from here.<br />
<br />
十四、玫瑰之城 <br />
<br />
XIV. The City of Roses<br />
<br />
“袁庚考虑方针大计，包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了10万元专款，还从北京请来了二刘。”工业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。（今年4月，比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任，他改任副主任，这就是能上能下。） <br />
<br />
"The major policies and measures Yuan Geng considered included planting roses to beautify Shekou. He took out a special loan of 100,000 yuan from the bank and invited Double Liu from Beijing." Comrade Yu Weiping, former office director of the industrial zone and now deputy director of the office, introduced to me. (In April this year, Gu Liji, who was younger than him, became the director of the office, and he became the deputy director. That was being able to take a lower as well as a higher post.)<br />
<br />
二刘，就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹一。 <br />
<br />
Double Liu, was Yuan Geng's old friends Liu Yamin and Liu Danyi.<br />
<br />
刘丹一，江苏海门人，祖先以种花和养盆景出名，有“田状元”之称，他自己也从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后，没有了种花的闲情逸致，“十年动乱”中靠边站，这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历史较短，才三年，但由于潜心研究，也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北京月季花协会的理事，各自种着几百棵月季。 <br />
<br />
Liu Dan Yi, from Haimen, Jiangsu Province, whose ancestor was famous for flower planting and Bonsai cultivation and was known as the "Number One Scholar in Farmland", also loved flower planting since he was a child. After he joined the New Fourth Army in 1940, he did not have time and mood to grow flowers. When he stood aside during the "Ten Years of Turmoil", he picked up the hobby again. The flowers he planted were quite famous in Beijing. Liu Yamin had a shorter history of planting flowers, only three years, but due to his dedicated research, he was also an expert in planting flowers. Both of them were directors of the Beijing China Roses Association, and each of them planted hundreds of China roses.<br />
<br />
67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部，工资不低，又都有美满的家庭，本应在首都安享天伦之乐，但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到蛇口来了。 <br />
<br />
67-year-old Liu Yamin and 64-year-old Liu Danyi were both retired. They were quite responsible cadres. Their wages were not low, and they had happy families, so they should have enjoyed their happy lives in the capital, but Yuan Geng "instigated" them to Shekou.<br />
<br />
“不是袁庚请，我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。 <br />
<br />
"If Yuan Geng hadn't invited us, we wouldn't have come." said Liu Yamin, a tall and strong old man.<br />
<br />
刘丹一还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人，北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉，袁庚亲自写信把他聘请了来，充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人，作家沈从文的表侄，画家黄永玉的表弟，他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北京父母身边，因为语言不通，9岁オ开始上小学。读了9年书，初中毕业那年碰上“文化大革命”，进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”，把工厂的花盆全砸了，院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了，这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可怜那些花木和小树，晚上，他偷偷地把一棵小枣树带回家，栽在院子里，同时开始种起花来。他没有更高的境界，只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西；故乡的山花多美呀，为什么在北京就不能种呢？从此他和花结下了不解之缘。 <br />
<br />
Liu Danyi also recommended a young man, Long Quan, 36 years old, a director of the Beijing China Roses Association, to Yuan Geng. Yuan personally wrote a letter to hire him to serve as Double Liu's assistant. Long Quan was a native of the Tujia ethnic group in western Hunan, a cousin of the writer Shen Congwen and a cousin of the painter Huang Yongyu, whose father was a professor at the Central Academy of National Minorities. He grew up in his hometown until he was 7 years old and then came to live with his parents in Beijing. Because of the language difficulties, he didn't go to elementary school until he was 9 years old. After studying for 9 years, he encountered the "Cultural Revolution" when he graduated from middle school and became an apprentice in a Beijing Automobile Factory. The Red Guards entered the factory to Attack on the Four Olds, smashing all the plant pots and uprooting the jujube trees as thick as the thumb in the yard, which the simple Tujia man could not understand in any way. He took pity on the flowers and small trees. At night, he secretly took a small jujube tree home and planted it in the courtyard. At the same time, he began to plant flowers. He didn't have a higher realm, but just instinctively felt that he should love and protect beautiful things; how beautiful the flowers on the hills in his hometown were, and why couldn't he plant flowers in Beijing? From then on, he had an inseparable relationship with flowers.<br />
<br />
他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部，却把全部业余时间花在种花上，到了入迷的程度。经过十几年风雨，院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了；他种的400多株玫瑰，年年换代，驰名京华。别看他没上过大学，北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究生，也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展，展出400多个品种，3000多盆，其中就有他送展的20盆花，每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前来参观，他陪同介绍，园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻轻，貌不惊人，而且颇为土气，就故意考他，指着一株名花问他那是什么品种，他不假思索地答道： <br />
<br />
He later became a cadre of the Nationality Printing Press Factory, but he spent all his spare time on planting flowers to the extent of obsession. After more than a decade of wind and rain, the jujube tree in the courtyard had grown up and fruited; he planted more than 400 roses, blooming every year, which was famous in Beijing. Although he hadn't been to college, but the graduate students of Professor Chen Junyu, the director of Department of the Horticulture in Beijing Forestry College, also asked him to give lectures. In May 1983, Beijing held the third Moonflower Exhibition, displaying more than 400 varieties and 3,000 pots, including 20 pots of flowers he sent to the exhibition with one variety per pot. Marianne, an expert from the Federal France, came to visit and he accompanied her to introduce, with a chief engineer from the Bureau of Parks acting as a translator. Seeing that he was young, homely, and a little bit rustic, the expert deliberately tested him, pointing to a famous flower and asking him what variety it was. He replied without thinking:<br />
<br />
“这是贵国的‘明星’、世界十大名种的第三名，在20世纪70年代是最好的。” <br />
<br />
"This is the 'star' of your country, the third in the world's top ten species, which was the best in the 1970s."<br />
<br />
联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实，龙泉不但能识别数百个品种，而且知道许多品种的来历和传说，谈起来如数家珍。 <br />
<br />
The expert from Federal Germany was greatly surprised. In fact, Long Quan could not only identify hundreds of varieties, but also knew the origin and legends of many of them, and he was very familiar with them when talking about.<br />
<br />
5月6日，他带着600株花苗，乘飞机到达广州，当天工业区的汽车便把他接到蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话，问他是否适应这里的生活，他说：“要做开拓者，决不当逃兵！”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上，5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京，一个月后，再次带了4000多株苗回来。 <br />
<br />
On May 6, he arrived in Guangzhou by plane with 600 seedlings, and a car of the industrial zone took him to Shekou that day. On the 8th, Yuan Geng talked with him and asked him whether he adapted to the life here, and he said, "I want to be a pioneer, and will never be a deserter!" The survival rate of the seedlings he brought was over 90%. On May 17, Yuan Geng asked him to follow Liu Danyi back to Beijing, and a month later, he brought back more than 4,000 seedlings again.<br />
<br />
如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
<br />
我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
<br />
我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
<br />
龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
<br />
“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
<br />
“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
<br />
“你有什么打算?”<br />
<br />
“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
<br />
“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
<br />
“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
<br />
在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
<br />
十五、激动的工程师<br />
<br />
7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
<br />
蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
<br />
边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
<br />
“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
<br />
的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
<br />
“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
<br />
46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
<br />
他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
<br />
王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
<br />
袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
<br />
管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
<br />
当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
<br />
“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
<br />
“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
<br />
“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
<br />
“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
<br />
“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
<br />
“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
<br />
“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
<br />
“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
<br />
“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
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了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
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父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
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“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
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当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
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“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
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“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
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“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
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“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
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第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
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12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
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1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
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王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
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“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
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“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
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“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
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“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
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“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
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“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
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“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
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王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
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十六、年轻的总经理<br />
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一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
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“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
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说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
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“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
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只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
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她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
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“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
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这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
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“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
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“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
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郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
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“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
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我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
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“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
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我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
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“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
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我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
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“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
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真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
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“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
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我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
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告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
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我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
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对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
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袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
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袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
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“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
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“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
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“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
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“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
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这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
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我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
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有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
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后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
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在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
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ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
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他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
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星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
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第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=155823Report CN EN 032023-06-13T10:14:08Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：10.热血男儿Hot-blooded Man */</p>
<hr />
<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情Obsession==<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with Long Hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies were always covered; whereas in the West, people loved nudity, which seemed to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个ー丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there was a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush and painting a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting was not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, had you ever thought that some of us would cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us would stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, would come like snowflakes. You might even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Were you fearless, or seized by a whim? You were out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he was painting.<br />
<br />
他站在一间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着一支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着ー张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stood in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looked disheveled, and his bosom was stained with different colors. His hair was long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there was a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exactly did you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound Train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it was today. The platforms were clean, the corridors were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the regions south of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North…<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像一块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, and cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man--that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes…"<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me…"<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows — the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"On a business trip? Or visit family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student at Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone…"<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What…"<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break…"<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man!"<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. The resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
"So I don't understand art…"<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多少欢聚与悲离的 故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉一线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小伙子,而是一个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
During the long journey, as the young people of the same generation, it was the fate to meet each other in this running train! In life, many stories of reunion and departure were drawn by the heavy line across the land! The girl was close to the small table by the window, resting her chin in the hand, listening to the young man talk, and watching his expression. It seemed that he was not a young guy, but a strong and confident man. Calculating his age, he was even a few years older than the girl. Why did he give that illusion before? Alas, the age of men was really hard to guess...<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为一个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是一个有抱负、有才华的人!”<br />
<br />
Out of the female’s sensitivity, the girl suddenly felt shy and embarrassed. The condescending arrogance that she had just showed was now reversed and replaced by her hazy admiration. The girl looked at the painter's dress again, and the non-matching colors of black and red were not so conspicuous. Although the painter's cotton jacket was still so black, the collar of the underwear was still so crooked, and the hair was still so disheveled, in the eyes of the girl, they all became the evidence that the young man was a bachelor who was immersed in art and had no time to take care of himself, which touched the girl's heart of compassion: "It seems that he is an ambitious and talented man!"<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
The painter took out his drawing board, spread the paper and said to the girl, "Please allow me to make a sketch of you."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
The girl nodded her head.<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简直像一个拙笨的新手。好半天,才抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
The painter drew very slowly, feeling ill at ease. The more he tried to draw well, the more nervous he became, and the brush was out of control. He was like a clumsy novice. After a long time, he apologized and said, "Sorry, I didn’t draw well…"<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来一看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会”了画家的灵犀。<br />
<br />
When the girl took it and looked, two red clouds rose on her cheeks. This sketch was not as good as the one of the mechanic, and those rigid lines were flaws of the work. To say it bluntly, she looked uglier in the painting than she really was. Is that what I look like? The girl had a reason to make a protest. However, she understood and forgave the painter with a sweet smile. Honestly, she didn't even want to see him too calm, too relaxed, like facing the model in the studio. The girl no longer regarded "resemblance in appearance" as so important, and she “understood tacitly” the painter's spirit.<br />
<br />
画纸的一角是签名和年月——袁运生,画于1964年2月。<br />
<br />
In one corner of the paper were the signature and date--Yuan Yunsheng, painted in February 1964.<br />
<br />
画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "Give it to you."<br />
<br />
姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
<br />
The girl said, "Thank you, I’ll keep it as a memory."<br />
<br />
“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信地址?”<br />
<br />
"You see, I was so careless that I forgot to ask your name." The painter said, "Could you write down your mailing address?"<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
<br />
The girl smiled: "My name is Zhang Lanying." And she wrote down the address on the painter's sketchbook.<br />
<br />
火车抵达浦口,他们已经像一对熟识的老朋友了。从一个艺术型的医学院学生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
<br />
When the train arrived in Pukou, they already looked like two old friends. Many common temperaments could be found between an artistic medical student and a serious artist. The passengers on the same train thought they had known each other for a long time and treated them as a couple, saying goodbye to them with the appellation of “you two”.<br />
<br />
画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空一样清澈,像江水一样深沉……<br />
<br />
The painter sent the girl to the shore of the Yangtze River, a wet wind blowing from the river. It was time to part, and both of them were reluctant to leave. Lanying looked at Yuan Yunsheng with the warm and fond gaze, and that means everything! As clear as the sky, as deep as the river…<br />
<br />
呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江交织起来的一见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
Heh! Pretty girl, you were too sentimental. Did you know him? The story of love at first sight, woven by the main Beijing-Pukou line and the winding Yangtze River, was too indiscreet.<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
<br />
The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River <br />
<br />
在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,一只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认真地涂抹着油彩,画出一个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
<br />
In the days of glorious morning light of the 1950s, a young boy's delicate hand, holding a paintbrush, was earnestly spreading the paint on the linen to draw a little girl with the same earnest expression, who was imitating her sister's movement, tying a bright red scarf around her neck.<br />
<br />
这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐一样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
<br />
This oil painting was sent from Nantong in Jiangsu Province to Beijing as an assignment for applying for the highest academy of arts, presenting the young painter’s sparkling artistic talent and a crystal-clear heart. The title was "Growing up to be like my sister", painted by Yuan Yunsheng.<br />
<br />
看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年除夕送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出一批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的艺术功底。<br />
<br />
When looking at this oil painting, people might think that the painter had a soft and gentle femininity. In fact, he was just the opposite. He was stubborn and unrestrained, like a boisterous colt. His love of painting since childhood was mainly influenced by his father. His father worked in a middle school in Nantong. In his spare time, he enthusiastically collected various fine art works. Every year on the New Year’s Eve, they would bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new, and his father would always hang a number of new paintings on the wall, including Chinese and foreign ones, like a small exhibition, full of the atmosphere of the art salon. The paintings collected at home gave Yuan Yunsheng some enlightenment in art. When he got a little bit older, he went to the Cultural Center in Nantong to participate in activities, attend lectures, learn to sketch, and paint, laying the first foundation of art.<br />
<br />
当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来一副犟脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
<br />
When he applied to the Central Academy of Fine Arts, his father said with worry: "The boy was born with stubbornness, which makes us uneasy."<br />
<br />
哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,一个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人 需要有个性。”<br />
<br />
His brother Yuan Yunfu, who was also involved in fine art, kept cheering him on: "Go ahead. people involved in fine art needs to have a personality."<br />
<br />
1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
<br />
In the summer of 1955, the Central Academy of Fine Arts announced the admission of new students, Yuan Yunsheng ranking the first.<br />
<br />
如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画派。这是19世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画就像一部小说或一出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝圣者像请佛一样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
<br />
If Yuan Yunsheng's work for the entrance examination could be classified as a certain school of art, it would be the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions. It was a progressive school of painting that emerged in Russia in the 19th century. It simulated life, emphasized themes, and focused on plot. A painting was like a novel or a play. It inherited Rembrandt’s tradition of realism and absorbed the Impressionism’s achievements in the use of light and color. After the October Revolution, it enjoyed the supreme position in the Soviet art circle and was invited to China by Chinese pilgrims, like inviting the Buddha. Of course, Yuan Yunsheng, only 17 years old, did not know the essence of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, let alone that the school of art was linked to the school of politics.<br />
<br />
他像奔跑在艺术山野 里的小鹿,一头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
<br />
Like a fawn running in the wilderness of art, he bumped into the arms of Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions.<br />
<br />
袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身 好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件 和艺术才能的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖力气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严格的训练——<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng was highly regarded by the academy. He was born in a good family (it was rare to have such a family background at that time) and excelled in the examination. He sat in the first-year classroom with a nimbus of political condition and artistic talent hanging over his head. He was elected as the commissary of Communist Youth League in charge of organization, who was totally the epitome of a socialist-minded and professionally competent man. He was also a real hard worker, and was very stubborn, taking everything seriously. Under the guidance of Soviet-style teaching methods, he received strict training--<br />
<br />
挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与被画者保持绝对的耐性 。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面 ”,画上一整天,只画了半个头像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履的中年人走过来,这是礼聘 来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供同学们观摩。<br />
<br />
Choosing a HB pencil, and sharpening it, and sketching in front of male and female models. The models were recruited at a very high price, both nude and non-nude. Under certain lights, the painter and the object stayed absolutely patient. He sketched out the outline at first, figured out the “light and plane”, and then drew all day long, only to have half picture of the head; the next day, the same scene was repeated under the same conditions; then, a middle-aged man with a high nose and deep eyes, dressed in a suit, came over, who was an expert invited cordially. Whenever he passed behind Yuan Yunsheng, his face often showed a look of satisfaction. Yuan Yunsheng got five points for all his sketches and oil paintings, which were sometimes hung in the classroom or in the corridor for students to watch.<br />
<br />
这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉柯夫教学体系。-袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀——苏联在中国土地上开办的艺术工厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
<br />
That year, a sketch and oil painting teaching conference of national fine art academies was held in Beijing to promote the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union. A half-length portrait of a Chinese woman painted by Yuan Yunsheng was shown off on the conference--a standard mode produced by the art factory of the Soviet Union in China.<br />
<br />
苏联专家的宠儿 ,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
<br />
He was the favorite of the Soviet experts, and the pride of the Oil Painting Department. He had a lot of success and a bright future. He immersed himself in the painting all day long, with his hand keeping waving, like a devout disciple prostrating himself before his art idol, and praying that his soul would ascend to the temple of art, seating on a throne surrounded by roses with a crown of pearls… It was the highest ideal for college students majoring in oil painting at that time.<br />
<br />
但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
<br />
But the naive faith was not solid, like an edifice built on a thin and narrow foundation, which could easily collapse. Once it was subverted, it could cause endless troubles.<br />
<br />
苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便朝那里走去。他停在一帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来一阵电灼般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
<br />
Distress had come to him, and he brought it upon himself. One morning, he heard that there was an exhibition of paintings being held in the hall, and went there. He stopped in front of a sequence of copies of the oil paintings, casting a calm glance upon it, and his whole body felt an electric sensation. His heart was shaking, and his blood was boiling.<br />
<br />
这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风 的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的感情,像酒一样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
<br />
These were the works of the European Post-Impressionist painter Van Gogh, with ordinary and simple images: fields, haystacks, a clock reflected by the setting sun, and sunflowers in clay pots. In addition, there were some portraits of ordinary people: postmen, miners, movers, and inmates who were released for yard time. In these unpretentious pictures, the author poured out the strongest feelings, as strong as wine, like a flame burning!<br />
<br />
看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格 。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生——向日葵,仿佛摇身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探求……这哪里是绘画呀 ,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每一线条和每一色块都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
<br />
Look, the jagged trees were rebellious. The undulating earth seemed to tell of suffering. <br />
The painter poured deep feelings into those ordinary people. The still-life painting --sunflowers, seemed to turn into a living thing, stretching out its jumble of tentacles to the frozen space, capturing, swaying, and indefatigably seeking… It was not a painting, but a call of the painter's life, a representation of his character! Every line and every color block were flowing, coming through invisible channels to clamp people, annihilate them to a great vortex of emotion…<br />
<br />
袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被一支锐利的艺术之箭射穿了。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng walked out of the hall, with his legs wobbling, as if he was drunk, was hurt. His heart was pierced by a sharp arrow of art.<br />
<br />
他回到宿舍,一头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高才生转瞬间变成西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
<br />
He went back to the dormitory and threw himself onto the bed. It was ironic that a top student of the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union became a captive of the Western European Post-Impressionism in an instant.<br />
<br />
宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地问 :“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
<br />
When the door of the dormitory opened, his roommate came in. Seeing him pale and tired, he asked in surprise, "Yunsheng, what happened to you?"<br />
<br />
“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
<br />
"I went to see an exhibition of Van Gogh's paintings." Yuan Yunsheng sat up in bed and said, "I've never been so excited by the works of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions..."<br />
<br />
他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的基础。有这个就够了。下一步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚 。<br />
<br />
He expressed his thoughts. In his opinion, the merit of Soviet painting theory lied in the emphasis on placing the object under certain light, observing the levels and hues with a subtle look, and tracing it carefully, which was the basis of all paintings. It was enough. The next step was to break free and move forward, not to limit themselves.<br />
<br />
他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧上了天 ,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在干着什么蠢事呀? ……<br />
<br />
He was right. Throughout the history of art, each school had its own process of formation, development, vicissitudes, and ups and downs. The Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions deserved its place in the art circle without dispute. But once it was praised to the skies, and promoted by administrative means, it would be counterproductive and bring suffocating disaster to the art. In fact, in the 1950s, painters all over the world, including Soviet painters, were running, exploring and innovating. And how stupid we were! ...<br />
<br />
袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头 ,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng said excitedly: "We follow behind them and pick up what they have thrown away!"<br />
<br />
好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,一个几亿人的社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎 。<br />
<br />
His good friends were familiar with his character and sympathized with his comments, but they worried about him. At that time, a society of hundreds of millions of people prostrated itself before Soviet idols, and his words were tantamount to a form of blasphemy.<br />
<br />
从那以后,他变得不大安分了, 一头温驯的伏尔加式的 小鹿,现出烈性马驹的本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标。<br />
<br />
From then on, he became rebel. A tame fawn, like the one on the Volga car, showed the true colors of a boisterous colt. In addition to completing the homework as usual, he improvised with mixed painting techniques, as if he was pursuing an ethereal goal.<br />
<br />
目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
<br />
The goal, was finally found, unexpectedly close at hand.<br />
<br />
从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭一张学生证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹…… <br />
<br />
From the Shuaifuyuan where the Central Academy of Fine Arts was located, crossing the big roundabout between Wangfujing and Bamiancao, the Donghua Gate of the National Palace Museum was about a mile away. At that time, students from the Academy of Fine Arts enjoyed a special privilege. They could freely enter the imperial garden of ancient Chinese art with only a student ID card. Here he saw Chen Laolian’s “Bogu Yezi (A kind of card played while drinking in ancient China)” in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan’s “Qingming Shanghe Tu (Along the River During the Qingming Festival)” in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a large number of authentic works of famous painters of the Tang Dynasty…<br />
<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
<br />
His favorite work was the "Luo Shen Fu (The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River)" by Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.<br />
<br />
长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象力!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人,栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱翔……<br />
<br />
Long scroll, romantic conception, how imaginative! The landscape was peaceful and spacious, with quiet and wonderful rivers and mountains; the figures were lifelike, dancing in the air. Was the resemblance in appearance? Was the resemblance in spirit? Between likeness and unlikeness, that was the author's mind soaring…<br />
<br />
他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条表现出高超的魅力。<br />
<br />
He put his eyes close to the scroll. The brush strokes, appearing ageless for thousands of years, like the spring silkworms spinning fine and exquisite silk, drew freely. He thought of the Soviet oil painting theory that denied the existence of lines. But in Chinese painting, the general and terse lines showed the high charm.<br />
<br />
站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他的思绪如抛出的一缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
<br />
Standing in this ancient resplendent hall, a long flowing river of art swept passed by before his eyes, and his thoughts stretched out like a wisp of gossamer. If we compared the fashionable Western art and the ancient Oriental art to two poles, there seemed to be something between the two poles that was closely related. Oh, he understood. When we got into a mut, ignored what was near and seek what was far away, those elves and devils of abstractionism, fauvism, modernism and futurism quietly got essence and extracted nutrients from the Oriental art to strengthen their bodies. That was the secret.<br />
<br />
祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
<br />
Motherland, your art is not water, not wine, not milk, but the magical royal jelly!<br />
<br />
虎丘<br />
<br />
Huqiu<br />
<br />
兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
<br />
After parting with the painter in Pukou, Lanying returned to school in Suzhou. In the blink of an eye, it was March. With spring breeze and newly sprouted willow trees, the town of flowing water under bridges liked a young girl, who was unveiled, affectionate with a lot of charm. <br />
<br />
姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
<br />
The girl's state of mind was also bright like waking spring.<br />
<br />
她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认识一下,如果手头有照片,请寄来一张。<br />
<br />
She received the painter’s letter from Nantong. The style of writing was free and easy. In the girl’s words: "The level is quite high!" The letter recalled the unforgettable scene on the train and expressed his feelings of missing her. He also said that his parents and brothers would like to get to know the girl, and if she had photos, please sent one.<br />
<br />
兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选一张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息一样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
<br />
Lanying opened the photo album without hesitation, selected a small photo, attached a short reply, and sent it to Nantong. This small act contained an unusual meaning, just like the shortest electromagnetic microwave can transmit significant information, it clearly expressed: the girl agreed to be his girlfriend.<br />
<br />
兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
<br />
Lanying's upbringing conditioned her to making her own decisions. She was born in Shandong province and grew up in the regions south of the Yangtze River. After her parents died, she moved with the troops from childhood. Wherever she went, it was her home, and she developed the ability to live independently. Over the years, she always received the warmth from the group and her female companions, but was never constrained. Perhaps she was a bit spoiled and coaxed by others, which made her form a stubborn personality.<br />
<br />
此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,一见钟情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
<br />
At the moment, she had a novel feeling that she was happier than the people around her. Because she had a right man in her heart, who affected her emotions. She silently enjoyed the secret pleasure of the young girl in love for the first time. She even imagined that once the secret was revealed, how surprised and envious her female companions would be! In their minds, her vison was very high. She was great looking and came from a privileged background. No male classmates dared to develop a relationship with her. It was not easy to take her fancy. It was done so artfully, neither by her parents’ choice, nor by the match-maker’s recommendation. She met him on a trip, and fell in love at first sight, bringing everything lime a whirlwind, so that the girl was full of desire for a better life. It was really romantic! So, she wove the future scenarios with sweet silk, anxiously waiting for the response from Nantong. Did he receive her letter? Would the painter's parents comment her when looking at her photo? Was she too pretty, or not enough? Alas! It was really hard to guess… The girl's heart was like the weather in the south of the Yangtze River in March. The temperature and weather changed abruptly.<br />
<br />
学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
<br />
The school was preparing for the Women's Day celebration. Lanying was the commissary in charge of entertainment of the class, a major role that bore a heavy burden of responsibility. The time passed quickly as she arranged the programs, made a blackboard newspaper, and decorated the venue.<br />
<br />
“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄起话筒,一惊一喜——那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
<br />
On Woman’s Day, the curtain was opened, and everyone was watching the stage. Suddenly someone called Lanying to answer the phone. She took up the microphone, and was surprised and delighted--it was the painter calling from the school's reception office.<br />
<br />
兰英极力掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,一阵风似的跑到学校的门口。<br />
<br />
Lanying tried to hide his excitement, turned to the students, vaguely explained a few words, and ran to the school gate like a gust of wind.<br />
<br />
画家站在那里,手中照例拿着一个速写本。<br />
<br />
The painter stood there, holding a sketchbook in his hand as usual.<br />
<br />
“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
<br />
"When did you arrive?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I just got off the train. I was passing through here after the home leave." The painter said.<br />
<br />
“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
<br />
"Please come in, do you … want to draw some sketches for our celebration?"<br />
<br />
“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……” <br />
<br />
"Not going in. I'd like to invite you out for a walk…"<br />
<br />
兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意味着向人生的一个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
<br />
Lanying hesitated for a moment. She was willing to accept the request, but also felt embarrassed. Since she entered the period of youth and became mature, Lanying spent this day with her female companions every year. Today she was going to leave her group, which meant saying goodbye to a stage of life. She thought about the discipline of the school, the opinion of classmates...<br />
<br />
“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
<br />
"Where are we going?" Lanying asked shyly.<br />
<br />
“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
<br />
"Huqiu." The painter's expression did not change.<br />
<br />
当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
<br />
When they got off the bus and stood at the foot of Huqiu Hill, the girl's uneasy heart was quieted down and relaxed. <br />
<br />
和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深”。沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
<br />
Compared with the small gardens in Suzhou City, Huqiu was a broad and quiet place to visit. The first two lines of Bai Juyi's poem on Huqiu were " The temple doesn't look far away, but it's very deep in the garden.” Walking along the stone path to the garden, there were many pines and cypresses, clear and blue sword pool, thick and tall groves of bamboo hiding the buildings and pavilions on the hillside: Temple of Chloris, Three Smiles pavilion... Walking deeper and there was more quiet, like walking into a sweet dream.<br />
<br />
这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在一起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
<br />
It was the first time Lanying had been alone with a man. There were mysterious waves in the girl’s heart. She felt that she had a lot to say to the painter, but she didn't know where to start.<br />
<br />
“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
<br />
"Have you received the photo?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I received. My family saw it and they all like you." The painter said.<br />
<br />
可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术。他对这一带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而倾倒。<br />
<br />
But the painter soon changed the subject. He commented on the local customs and culture of Suzhou and introduced the plastic art of the regions south of the Yangtze River. He seemed to be familiar with the area and knew a lot of anecdotes. The girl listened to him with great interest and was overwhelmed with admiration by the painter's profound knowledge.<br />
<br />
前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去 ,仿佛在祝福这一对美好的情侣。突然,一股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
<br />
Huqiu Pagoda was just ahead. The towering spire thrust into the blue sky and white clouds, magnificent and magical. Lanying and the painter ran towards the top of the hill with excitement. The painter stretched out his strong arm to support the girl. They were so close to each other, feeling the heat of each other's breath and heart beating. Pines, cypresses, and bamboo forests swayed backwards, as if they were blessing the wonderful couple. Suddenly, with a blazing feeling, they both stopped at the same time.<br />
<br />
这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰一样醉红,双唇像微微绽开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己一样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后一瞬……<br />
<br />
Here was surrounded by hills and trees, empty and silent. The painter stared at the girl with a frank and honest look; Lanying closed her eyes happily, ready to receive a baptism of love that would never be forgotten. The golden sunlight, through the branches of the trees, cast waving shadows on the girl’s face. Her cheeks were as red as roses, and her lips were like slightly blooming petals, more beautiful than usual. What a pure girl. Opening the window of her heart, there wasn’t any trace of dust and impurities. Although it was her second meeting with the painter, she trusted him and life as she trusted herself. Hold her tight, kiss her with fervor. She would be yours forever, from now until the last moment of your life…<br />
<br />
“兰英,我要告诉你一件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是‘右派’！”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I’ll tell you something." What she heard at this moment was the painter’s calm voice, “The first time was too late and the second time is not too late. I was classed as a 'rightist' when I was in college. Really, it was the 'rightist'!”<br />
<br />
霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
<br />
All of a sudden, the hills and trees, the ancient pagoda, were frozen in a deathly silence…<br />
<br />
孤岛上<br />
On a Lonely Island<br />
<br />
到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。1957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
<br />
Have you ever been to an island of the sea? The water and sky seemed to be mixed up together. The clouds came and went, and tide rose and fell. The island was a poem, a fresh and meaningful poem. At the turn of spring and summer in 1957, Yuan Yunsheng was in a poetic environment.<br />
<br />
他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
<br />
He went deep into the life on the island and practice drawing from nature. The Central Academy of Fine Arts required that second-year students had a two-month internship course; before the summer vacation, students went to different parts of the country. He and another student were the only ones who participated in the trip to the island. It was located on the shore of the Yellow Sea. There were only troops on the island, and no residents for miles around. The island provided him with a fortunate environment, getting away from the noise and disputes of the human world, and escaping the violent turmoil that happened in the mainland.<br />
<br />
小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体 ,心情是焦渴的。当蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
<br />
People on the island were closest to nature. Every morning, carrying the paint box on his back, he wandered on the beach covered with light yellow gravel and welcomed the first ray of happy sunshine. At the age of only eighteen, Yuan Yunsheng had already stood out from the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions and became a hazy composite of Chinese Classicism Painting and Western Modernism Painting, who was anxious. The blue sea sprinkled ten thousand golden stars and the sunglow filled his heart with brilliant colors. It was the moment when the young artist's life was burning. He hurriedly opened the paint box, spread the canvas and accepted the generous offer of nature.<br />
<br />
小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左右,才有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
<br />
The island was simple. Politics was proportional to the population, and there were fewer political topics here. Only a barge arrived to deliver newspapers and mail every ten days or so. While he and his companion were eating, they hastily opened the newspapers and skim through them. He was curious about the articles that appeared in the newspaper:<br />
<br />
“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好啦……”<br />
<br />
"Beijing is allowing the people to express their views now. This article is interesting. This opinion should be adopted. Changing it like this will be good…"<br />
<br />
他看完报纸一扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块和线条的运用。<br />
<br />
He threw the newspaper away after reading it and then forgot about it. He did not care about anything else except painting. His road of life was bright, full of sunshine, with no clouds hanging over him and nothing to worry about. All he cared about was the use of light, color blocks and lines.<br />
<br />
年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队的宣传干事带到一间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
<br />
The only political question the young artist faced was raised by the local soldiers. One day, he was taken to a humble shed by a publicity officer of the troops, and a pair of trusting eyes were cast upon him.<br />
<br />
“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, you have asked to go to another island to paint, right?"<br />
<br />
“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
<br />
"Yes, we want to go there."<br />
<br />
“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
<br />
"The troops have studied it. You can go, but your classmate stays."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查 。你们学校填写了两份材料,你的情况单纯 。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
<br />
"A permanent military project is being built on the island. Those who go there have to pass a political vetting. Your college filled out two documents, and your background is simple. Your classmate can't go, mainly because of family problems…"<br />
<br />
袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是一种荣幸,既然生活当中存在这样一些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng frowned. It was an honor to be invited alone. Since there were such rules in life, he went to there alone and no one could blame it. But it brought him more trouble than excitement. He knew his classmates. They were all members of the Communist Youth League and were the backbone of the students. Why should they be distinguished? With his artistic way of thinking, he decided that it was a proposition of conscience and friendship.<br />
<br />
“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
<br />
"Hey, I got it." He went back to the dorm and said to his companion, "The island is building fortifications, drilling and blasting, filled with smoke. There is nothing to paint. We've been out for a long time, let's just go back to the college!"<br />
<br />
不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大 登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活见鬼 !中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
<br />
Soon, he and his classmate crossed the sea and landed at Lvda City. The cool sea breeze blew against the beautiful city, arousing interest in sightseeing. They wandered the streets. The scenery was charming, the buildings were quirky and everywhere was full of Russian atmosphere. When Yuan looked up at the signposts, which wrote the street names like “Makarov”, he complained: "Damn it! Why does the street of a Chinese city have to be named after a Russian general? What a bummer…" A few days later, they stood in the blue harbor, casting a last glance at the ocean waves, and turned around to set foot on the way back.<br />
<br />
不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
<br />
He didn’t expect that it was a farewell to the blue life.<br />
<br />
北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷 ,使海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头 ,有碍“百花齐放”。袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
<br />
Beijing had changed. Returning from the island, he was amazed by the swift counterattack, the overwhelming criticism, and the petals scattered on the ground in the campus. What puzzled him most was the situation of Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the academy. He heard that the secretary of the Party Committee made a mistake because he advocated the revolutionary school of painting too far, which hindered "all flowers blooming together". Yuan Yunsheng really didn’t understand what the “revolutionary school of painting” had to do with the “rightist”.<br />
<br />
袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? 一连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng hid in the dormitory, immersing himself in gathering up his sketches. Perhaps, he was safe. He advocated inheriting ancient Chinese art and drawing on western modern art, which should be conducive to the "blooming of a hundred flowers". How could he not be safe. For several days, he chased the white clouds, waves and seagulls, lost in the memories of his trip to the sea…<br />
<br />
有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像一个漏了税的走私犯接受审讯。<br />
<br />
One day, he was suddenly called to the classroom and stood in front of the people, like a smuggler being tried for tax evasion.<br />
<br />
摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名——“反苏” 。 <br />
<br />
He was faced with a host of problems: deviant views in art, sympathetic remarks to the "rightist", "poisoning" on the island and in Lvda, and a terrible accusation throughout it--"anti-Soviet".<br />
<br />
究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐 ,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
<br />
The answer to who denounced him could be found by using elementary mathematics, but it was meaningless. Since he had thought so, and said, he said bluntly to anyone, with an honest heart.<br />
<br />
他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他一挥手:“请你到外面等一会儿。”<br />
<br />
He racked his brain to repeat what he had said, and the presenter waved to him: "Please wait outside for a moment."<br />
<br />
他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听见屋里在争论。<br />
<br />
He left the classroom and stood in the corridor, feeling relieved and comfortable. The corridor was only one door away from the classroom, and he heard an argument in the room.<br />
<br />
有人说:“够了……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "That's enough…”<br />
<br />
有人说:“还不够……”<br />
<br />
Someone said: "Not enough...”<br />
<br />
有人说:“态度还好……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "The attitude is not bad…"<br />
<br />
他的好友在替他争辩,另一些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
<br />
His best friends were arguing for him, and others were insisting on something, which sounded interesting. Then there was silence… Then, he was called back to the classroom.<br />
<br />
“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, after research, you've been classified as a 'rightist'!"<br />
<br />
政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色——红与黑。点朱泼墨,二者居其一,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不同,观点对立,照样用黑笔一勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
<br />
The oil painting box of the political movement had only two colors--red and black, which was different from the oil painting box of the artist. The only way to choose between cinnabar and ink was to rely on fortune-telling. He and Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, were of different ages, different background colors, and opposing views, but they were both outlined by black brushes with the same destination and the painting procedures were highly simplified.<br />
<br />
晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
<br />
In the evening, he rode the bike to Baijiazhuang, where his brother Yuan Yunfu lived. He rocked back in the sofa: "I am."<br />
<br />
哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
<br />
His brother smiled and asked, "What are you?"<br />
<br />
“我是’右派’了。”<br />
<br />
"I'm a 'rightist' now."<br />
<br />
“呵?”哥哥大吃一惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
<br />
"Huh?" His brother was astonished, "What mistake did you make?"<br />
<br />
“我没犯错误。”<br />
<br />
"I didn't make a mistake."<br />
<br />
“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
<br />
"Then why are you classified as a 'rightist'?"<br />
<br />
“他们说我是,就是啰 。”<br />
<br />
"They said I am. So I am."<br />
<br />
“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
<br />
"No! No!" His brother was trembling.<br />
<br />
“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
<br />
"What’s wrong with that?" He said evenly, "I still paint, still go to school, still engage in arts."<br />
<br />
他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山造湖,兴修水库,一颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地指挥部,请求一边干活一边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人来访。<br />
<br />
He really did not know pain yet. Soon after, hundreds of thousands of people in the capital swarmed to the out to the suburbs to move mountains and create lakes and build reservoirs in the gorge of the Ming Tombs, and a naive heart was touched. He thought how good it would be to see so many people working together to do one thing. He took his oil painting box and rode more than one hundred miles by bike to the construction headquarters, asking to be able to work and spent his spare time painting. They refused, explaining that according to the regulations, they would not accept personal visits.<br />
<br />
又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他一个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
<br />
Shortly afterward, he went into the construction site by bus with a large group of people from the Central Academy of Fine Arts. How excited he was! He did as much work alone as several men together, carrying six baskets for holding earth on one pole, and running fast on the rugged mountain road. At noon, when others took a nap, he held his painting clipboard and went to the mountain to paint under the scorching sun. Until he was exhausted and staggered back to the shed, he still didn’t feel bitter. Because it was her own choice. He was motivated by the boiling life and generously gave his energy, feeling that it was a great pleasure.<br />
<br />
可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成呵斥的嗓门,一张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了——仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
<br />
But the atmosphere in the shed had changed. The students gathered around him, pointing at him, and saying that he was disobedient, did not accept reform, and should not paint anymore… He was stunned. He didn’t know that it was a criticism meeting, and he didn’t understand what they said. He only felt that familiar eyes became harsh eyes, intimate expressions became indifferent expressions, and peaceful voices became scolding voices. Their mouths were moving, and their hands were shaking. Suddenly he understood--just one thing: he was different from others!<br />
<br />
他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
<br />
He opened his bloodshot eyes wide, wriggled his dry lips, and fell down with his hands on his head.<br />
<br />
过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
<br />
Because of overwork and mental stimulation, he contracted serious dysentery. The illness dragged on from summer to winter, and later he was sent to an unheated hut at college.<br />
<br />
小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活 ,学校当局不再放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他才感到了痛苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出一串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
<br />
The hut was cold and damp, where dripping water could freeze. His body was hot with a high fever. College authorities were no longer concerned about his condition. A year ago, he was the pride of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, who became an abandoned orphan now. He felt the pain, the pain of being strangled in art, exceeding the physical pain, like being pushed into a terrible hell. No! In the spiritual realm of art, there was only heaven, not hell. He was forced to learn to be inferior, but he could never learn it. In a coma, cluttered thoughts were flashing, as if he was flying after the seagulls, and dancing with the Goddess of the Luo River. He tossed and turned and struggled, with a series of moans, as if not willing to sink, but to climb out of the dark hell…<br />
<br />
屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
<br />
A faint white light came through the door and he heard the sound of footsteps. Looking there attentively, he found that his friend stood in front of the bed, casting sympathetic and concerned eyes at him.<br />
<br />
他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是一种负担。我需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
<br />
He sat up quickly: "Please don't come to see me again. I understand that it is a burden for others to be close to me. I need friendship, but not pity. What I need now is solitude, solitude, let me be alone!"<br />
<br />
新月<br />
<br />
The Crescent Moon<br />
<br />
夕阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野 闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对青年男女。<br />
<br />
The setting sun cast a golden glow on Huqiu and fell to the other side of the hill. The clear and quiet lights shimmered on the hill, which was connected to the transparent dusk, reflecting the stately profile of the millennium pagoda, like a contemplative old man overlooking a young couple on the hill.<br />
<br />
这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们一页一页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像一阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只残忍的巨手一挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择 。<br />
<br />
This moment was long enough for Lanying. There were tragedies and comedies in love stories that had been passed down through the ages, attracting people to read them page by page. However, the second page of Lanying's story was unbearable. The tender feelings of a girl who was in her first love: happiness, novelty, joy… For an instant they vanished like a gust of wind, as if with the wave of a cruel hand, everything sank, everything disappeared, and a problem was put before the girl, severe, cold, and emotionless, turning the sweet assignment into a cold choice of stakes.<br />
<br />
在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的一群 ,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以“杀气腾腾”“煽风点火 ”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁愿与鬼蜮联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
<br />
In those years, in this land, as long as people mentioned the "rightist", a bunch of greys flashed before their eyes, like shadows, like ghosts, as if they killed a man, committed arson, or poison something. It seemed that they were all charged with “murder”, “fanning the flames”, “drug trafficking” and so on. Their souls were sentenced to death, leaving only soulless shells of bodies. The shell, could breathe but could not speak, and must work but could not harvest. The only tolerance that society gave them was to give them more time than convicts sentenced to death, turning their shells into mud. Who would want to be married to a ghost? Who wanted to be with a zombie? Lanying faced such a choice.<br />
<br />
在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每一个姑娘都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵——询问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,工资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称一称。爱情的内容转变了,转变为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义 。<br />
<br />
In an environment where marriage and politics were tied together, every girl had to make considerations, either to enjoy honor, or to have misfortunes with her husband. Under the same dusk, how many girls in the world were considering it--asking the man’s family background, political affiliation, education background, job, salary, rank… asking his direct value and everything indirectly translated into value, and then weighing them on the balance of love. The content of love had been transformed into the process of exchange of commodities, which gradually became common and natural.<br />
<br />
兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算 。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
<br />
Lanying had more rights to make her own decisions. She was receiving higher education. She would be a nurse in the future, whose had blood of martyrs in her veins. The organization was considering her to join the Communist Party of China. She was as proud as a daughter of an eminent family, as beautiful as Snow White… Every intersection of life would provide the green light for her. with sons from aristocratic families for her to choose and high position and great wealth to enjoy. But life seemed to play ticks on her. It was the black devil who came to her side, not the angel of love. It was not late to break off the relationship with him at once, and there was no obligation on conscience and morality.<br />
<br />
兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越 ,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气 。因此,她还不懂得利害。<br />
<br />
Lanying lost in painful thought. She was in a privileged situation and had pure experiences, remaining unspotted from the world. Therefore, she did not understand the stakes.<br />
<br />
政治运动对姑娘来说,像一场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些“右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她还时常听到这样的告诫:有才华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不断得到强化。<br />
<br />
The political movement was like a vague dream for the girl. In 1957, she was an innocent girl studying in middle school. She took part in the denunciation, with her mouth, with her pen, with her outraged feeling. The war was over before she could see the enemies clearly. She only saw the backs of the prisoners. Later, when the girl was a little older, whenever she heard that someone was a "rightist", she could not help but look at him with curiosity. She saw that most of the "rightists" were scholars, professors, artists, writers, business backbone, celebrities and so on. She also often heard the admonition: talented people often had strong personalities; people with strong personalities often suffered setbacks. The direct and converse theorem of real life had been repeated in various tones, and the girl’s impression of it was constantly reinforced.<br />
<br />
抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的嘲讽。<br />
<br />
The abstract concept of friend or foe formed a concrete conclusion in the girl's mind, which was a sad mockery of the solemn political movement.<br />
<br />
眼前的画家又是一个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离经叛道的歧路 ,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为政治问题?为什么要让一个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的才华……什么是才华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下一颗蓝色的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
<br />
The painter before her was another example. Because the painter opposed the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, he was declared to be on an unorthodox and evil path and was sentenced to death in politics. The girl could not understand why the issue of art had to be turned into a political issue? Why should a Chinese hot-blooded young man be sacrificed to a foreign altar as a lamb to be slaughtered? Wasn't it ludicrous? Such a ludicrous thing actually happened. Perhaps, it further proved that the painter was not a meek lamb, but a fearful calf, attracting jealousy from others. It further proved the painter’s courage and insight, indomitable nature and precious talent… What was talent? For the simplehearted girl, it was the light of life, the garland of youth, the transcendence of ignorance, the sublimation of knowledge. It made money and wealth eclipsed, made gain, loss, fame and bad reputation ruin and loss become a passing cloud, like a bright horizon that divided the clear sky and turbid earth. Foolish girls liked to adorn themselves with jewels, but noble girls were full of spiritual aspirations. She was willing to pick a blue star and set it on the heart of love... Lanying broke the silence and said to the painter in a deep voice: "Don't mention those things of your past to me again. I don't think you've made a mistake…"<br />
<br />
画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子 ,也是有限的宽恕,一切还同过去一样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "But everyone else thinks so. Even if they took the hat off, the forgiveness would be limited, and everything would be the same as before. You can't associate with people like me. You must consider the consequences."<br />
<br />
“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
<br />
"I don't care about the consequences. No matter what other people think, I trust my instincts."<br />
<br />
“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are your instincts?"<br />
<br />
“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
<br />
"My instinct is that you are talented!"<br />
<br />
这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激动的光辉:“世上有才华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
<br />
It was the highest praise for an "enemy of society”. Her tone showed a significant preference, which should bring enough relief to the painter. But the painter stood there with a stoney expression. The radiance of excitement in his gaze was worn away: "There are many talented people in the world, including glorious victors and miserable losers. Why do you prefer me? You’ll regret it in the future…"<br />
<br />
难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把才华糟蹋得像一块抹布的年月里,这句话,他不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子无才便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,才华再也不是令知识分子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
<br />
No wonder the painter reacted indifferently. It was not the first time he had heard the phrase in the years when his talent was ruined like a rag. Anyone could give it to him. Beneath the hypocritical compliment was a deliberate mockery. "A woman without talent is virtuous", now also applied to men. Even if he was trampled underfoot, mercilessly flogged, covering with cuts and bruises, they could pat him on the shoulder and told him to get up and go to work. At that time, talent was no longer a flower that made intellectuals have smug feelings, but a bitter medicine that touched their feelings of sorrow.<br />
<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
<br />
Lanying’s and the painter's eyes met. The painter's eyes, probing and frank, with a deep flame of self-esteem and some expectations, shot all the way to the girl's heart. Lanying could not resist this stare that could penetrate through everything, and her heart was shivering…<br />
<br />
兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费力气地获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被搞得阴阳颠倒！一时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到一颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙一样晶莹闪烁。<br />
<br />
Lanying suddenly remembered that it was her second meeting with the painter, in this quiet mountain forest, a secluded valley far away from the city. Wasn't today Women's Day? Ordinarily, he could easily win the girl’s heart with his gentleness and gallantry. However, he brought frustration, which couldn’t wait to broke the girl's calm. He said the truth, revealed the hidden pain, casting ominous clouds. He knew that it could cause irreversible consequences, but insisted on doing it. What exactly was it for? How upright and poised he was! Why was such a person said to be a terrible devil? The vanished soul? Life was so unfair! Honesty for disaster, cunning for glory, how much right and wrong in the world had been turned upside down! For a moment, Lanying felt that the ravine, valley and river in front of her had been filled in. Through the evening mist, she saw a sincere heart, glittering and shining like agates.<br />
<br />
兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
<br />
Lanying said excitedly, "I decided."<br />
<br />
画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "You love me?"<br />
<br />
“喜欢。”<br />
<br />
"Yes."<br />
<br />
“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
<br />
"What do I have to be loved?"<br />
<br />
“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
<br />
"Because you are honest, and love needs honesty."<br />
<br />
画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝 里滚动。<br />
<br />
The painter's whole body shocked, and he threw himself on the girl and buried his head in her arms. In one moment, the strong man turned into a child that curled up, with tears welling up in his eyes.<br />
<br />
一弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
<br />
A crescent moon rose. The ancient pagoda was solemn, and the bamboo forest whispered. The bright silver light shined on the girl, who was like a silver statue of goddess.<br />
<br />
画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
<br />
The painter was like embracing a treasure that he never wanted to lose. For many years, he lived and behaved with integrity, and infatuated with art. But no one had ever given such an evaluation on him. Today, the girl judged his conscience, filling his lonely heart with light. He was satisfied and relieved, feeling that he got the greatest reward for the hardship he had suffered for years…<br />
<br />
双桥<br />
<br />
Shuangqiao<br />
<br />
当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢——充当囚犯, 颠沛流离 ,饱尝辛酸……<br />
<br />
Contemporary artists have great passions to pursue their own artistic styles, and those who had suffered misfortune had unique styles that could not be replaced by others. Who wants to repeat their experience--to be a prisoner, to wander, to endure all kinds of hardships…<br />
<br />
翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
<br />
Open Repin’s collection, and look at ''Barge Haulers on the Volga''.<br />
<br />
我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石磙,弓着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下一闪一闪。<br />
<br />
There is a picture similar to ''Barge Haulers on the Volga'' before us, a living picture. The sun was hot, and the air was burning. On the golden wheat field, a young man pulled a stone roller with the posture of the barge hauler on the Volga. He bowed, head down, with a rope trip on his shoulder, hands almost down to the ground. Sweat was running down his bare back, glowing and winking in the sun.<br />
<br />
这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是最年轻的一个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石磙,一拉就是一天。<br />
<br />
This was Shuangqiao Farm in Beijing, one of the earliest state farms, which was famous for its mechanized production. But the artists from the Central Academy of Fine Arts did the work like animal labor. Yuan Yunsheng was the youngest among more than twenty people, who volunteered to do the heaviest work. He pulled the stone roller on the wheat field all day.<br />
<br />
二十几个人住在一间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。几年前,在他们头顶上发生的 那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成为一门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向两极。<br />
<br />
More than twenty people lived in a large room, with shabby windows and doors, and flies and mosquitoes flying freely in and out. There were two rows of wide beds for a number of people and tables made of wooden boards in the room. The dean, professors, teaching assistants and students were equally treated here. The explosion that happened above their heads a few years ago caused different reactions in each of them. Some were silent, some were endlessly repentant, some were calm, and some were trembling, just as the mechanics of the explosion developed into a unique craft, capable of both destruction and construction, making their spiritual models distinctly polarized.<br />
<br />
袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头一个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,一头畜力转眼间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng returned to the room from the wheat field, his first action was to fall on the drawing board by the bed. The animal became an artist with glittering eyes at once, just like the miracle of a magic show by a magician. With the drawing board under his arm, he looked for prey everywhere. He was the master of everything in the territory of visual image.<br />
<br />
他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着他。试问 ,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展示了情景交融的空间——略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
<br />
He doggedly innovated, of his own accord and under duress. He had to reform through labor, and made art at the same time, who needed to adapt to the new environment because he could not leisurely portray objects like oil painters. Applying the achievements of line modeling in Chinese painting to Western oil painting, which was a hazy pursuit before, now became a bright flame that attracted him strongly. Who had ever seen the existence of "line" in life? And he saw it. He observed the layers of light, analyzed the light and plane of the object, trying to grasp the moment when a plane met another plane. The changing, transitional, and wonderful division showed clear lines on the retina, which commanded the hand and pen through the processing of the brain, the exaggeration of emphasis and the appropriate deformation, drawing firm or soft lines on the sketch, as simple as Chinese paintings, as precise as Western paintings, like a Peking Opera artist on an empty stage, showing the space that feelings mingled with scenes with his nuanced hand movements, expression of eyes and body motions--a remarkable painting language that was slight but not empty, with real in its emptiness.<br />
<br />
他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
<br />
He figured it out. Since his paintings would never be cared again, let alone exhibited, he could let his pen draw freely. During the days in the farm, he made more than two thousand sketches with pens, brushes and pencils, far more than the number of assignments for students in fine art colleges. With heavy work and strong foundation, he went toward his goal. A large pile of sketches on his bedside was the accumulation of his faith and the ocean of spirit.<br />
<br />
住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
<br />
Among the people living in the same room, there was a stern elder who often watched the young painter's behaviors. He was Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy. Jiang Feng's gaze was astonished. He didn’t know his student before, but now he was touched by Yuan Yunsheng's enthusiasm for hard work and advancement.<br />
<br />
“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去！”<br />
<br />
"I really don't understand why the student like you should be labeled as a 'rightist'?" Jiang Feng said to Yuan Yunsheng, "Draw it. As long as you think it's right, you can draw it according to your will!"<br />
<br />
这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
<br />
It was the direct teaching Yuan Yunsheng heard from the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, not in the grand academy, but in the hard adversity. This teaching impressed him forever.<br />
<br />
一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
<br />
One day, people living in the same room held a review meeting. Some of them confessed as usual, but Jiang Feng declaimed, criticizing the proneness to boasting and exaggeration in publicity, the disconnect between economic policy and economic base, and the hazards of "Left" opportunism, just like a level-headed politician without the slightest self-consciousness of an offender. He was still him, maintaining human dignity, and exercising the rights of the brain and mouth. Yuan Yunsheng listened, filled with admiration.<br />
<br />
散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特儿是清癯的、憔悴的,一副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出一个美的灵魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
<br />
After the meeting, Jiang Feng read a book with his head on the desk. Yuan Yunsheng quietly picked up the drawing board and looked towards him. The model in front of him was skinny and haggard, with a contemplative look. However, in the painter's mind, a beautiful soul was reflected, as hard and transparent as diamonds. The painter used his brush to draw a portrait of him with ease and verve.<br />
<br />
“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
<br />
"Oh, I'm much thinner than before." Jiang Feng took the sketch and said with emotion, "Leave this painting to me. You and I have a memorable friendship…"<br />
<br />
这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
<br />
The sketch was paired with a frame, hanging in Jiang Feng's home for many years.<br />
<br />
一个被撤职的党委书记,一个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
<br />
A dismissed secretary of the Party Committee, and a young man forced to stop school. Neither of their personalities were distorted under the weight. Once the personality had overcome the ordeal, it was like cast iron. It was the same to admit it or not.<br />
<br />
雨纷纷<br />
<br />
The Drizzling Water <br />
<br />
画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业分配。<br />
<br />
The painter parted with Lanying in Suzhou and returned to Changchun. They exchanged letters from time to time. A year later, Lanying was facing job assignment after graduation.<br />
<br />
东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降临头上。<br />
<br />
The Northeast was very unfamiliar to Lanying. In her imagination, it was distant borderlands covered with snow and ice, a terrible place so cold that the nose, ears and chin could be frozen off. None of the students wanted to be assigned to the Northeast. They were used to the affluent conditions and warm climate of lands of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River, and the mere mention of the Northeast made their hair stand on end, as if the doom of exile had fallen on their heads. <br />
<br />
兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
<br />
Lanying was regardless of anything. In the girl's mind, where he was, there was spring, and there was a bonfire! She was willing to suffer cold and hunger just by his side.<br />
<br />
当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying proposed to the organization of his aspiration for assignment, the other side was shocked: “Ah, you already have a boyfriend! How long have you known each other? What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
姑娘一五一十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住 。<br />
<br />
The girl answered one by one. She thought that it could not be hidden sooner or later.<br />
<br />
兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象力,把故事编得像田园牧歌一样美妙——<br />
<br />
Lanying’s story spread through the college. Oral litterateurs were not lack in imagination, and made up the story as beautiful as an idyllic pastoral--<br />
<br />
“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
<br />
"Hey, did you hear? Lanying asked to be assigned to Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
<br />
"So far away! Why do you want to go there?"<br />
<br />
“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子。”<br />
<br />
"She met a boyfriend, one of the most beautiful men in Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那个人干什么的?”<br />
<br />
"What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
<br />
"He's an actor at Changchun Film Studio. He acted many movies."<br />
<br />
“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
<br />
"Of course it is good to have an actor as boyfriend. He can go everywhere in the country. <br />
Studios are in big cities, and Lanying can be transferred to wherever she likes!"<br />
<br />
但是,在学校的一间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
<br />
But in a small room of the college, Lanying's head was under the weight of thousand pounds, and furious and disappointed eyes were cast at him: “You are too naïve in politics. Who is he? A ‘rightist', who is anti-Party and anti-socialist. Who are you? The descendant of revolutionary martyrs, member of the Communist Youth League, and the Party organization's development target. Won’t you feel sorry about your dead parents? And the Party?<br />
<br />
兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了……”<br />
<br />
Lanying argued: "His hat had been taken off…"<br />
<br />
“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样一个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣个黑锅背一辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
<br />
"Whether his hat had been taken off or not, it was all the same. If one has such a family, he could not shake it off. But you want to have the injustice and carry it for the rest of your life. How silly you are!"<br />
<br />
“我乐意……”<br />
<br />
"I don’t care…"<br />
<br />
“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍白,四肢麻木,像是一个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
<br />
"Don’t say any more! You are already his prisoner, standing on a cliff. You have to break off with him, and never meet him again. If he writes to you, you hand it over to the organization to deal with!" Lanying sat in a corner of the room, pale and numb, like a rebel on trial. What did she have to say? A simple-hearted girl confided in others the secret of love for the first time, who should receive happy congratulations. However, she received brutal reprimand and forced interferences, and it was useless to argue with them. She dragged herself back to the dormitory.<br />
<br />
更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她,好像她做了什么亏心事。一颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
<br />
What was harder to bear was the mute weight. Her classmates looked at her with scorn and whispered about her as if she had done something against conscience. A pearl once held in the palm of the hand suddenly became the object of ridicule, so that she tasted the fickleness of the world, the ups and downs of fate, and aroused a strong feeling of rebellion.<br />
<br />
她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨——爸爸生前的战友。<br />
<br />
She wrote a letter and sent it to an aunt in Hangzhou, a former comrade of her father.<br />
<br />
阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
<br />
The aunt soon sent a telegram, asking her to go to Hangzhou and talking with her face to face.<br />
<br />
兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空一样阴郁。<br />
<br />
When she arrived in Hangzhou, it was drizzling. The aunt took her to her residence, and was very hospitable with smile, trying to make her happy. However, Lanying's face looked sad, as gloomy as the sky.<br />
<br />
“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说，“我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
<br />
"What if you worry yourself into illness?” The aunt said, "Let me go out for a walk with you.”<br />
<br />
她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
<br />
They went to Orioles Singing in the Willows of the West Lake with an umbrella.<br />
<br />
西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
<br />
The West Lake was silvery gray in front of Lanying. The sky was silver, and the water was silver. The atmosphere was drifting with silver powder that looked like rain but not rain, which he could not feel, and her clothes seemed to be getting wet but not.<br />
<br />
兰英的眉心舒展 了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
<br />
Lanying felt more comfortable: "The scenery here is so beautiful!"<br />
<br />
“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢，”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍一个男朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证会喜欢他……”<br />
<br />
"It is worth coming here, right. There is another happy thing," said the aunt with a smile, "I’ll introduce to you a boyfriend. He is a member of the party and does confidential work in the army. He is handsome and you are well-matched in age. I’m sure that as long as you are willing to meet him, you are going to like him…"<br />
<br />
兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
<br />
Lanying was on the alert at once: "Did you invite me here just for this?"<br />
<br />
阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养感情嘛……”<br />
<br />
The aunt said: "I’m doing this for your own good. The relationship needs to be cultivated. You don’t have a relationship with him now, but you can cultivate it…"<br />
<br />
姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进一团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲径好像布满陷阱。一种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。给你!”<br />
<br />
The girl only felt that her chest was stuffed with a mess. The beautiful scenery of the West Lake had become nasty, and the winding path under her feet seemed to be fraught with pitfalls. A feeling of being fooled came over her, and she said angrily: "I don't want to see anyone. Here you are!"<br />
<br />
兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
<br />
Lanying shoved the umbrella into the aunt's hand, turned and ran away through the cold rain. Behind her, the lake water lapped at the shore, making a rhythmic sound, like heaving sighs…<br />
<br />
回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
<br />
Back to the residence, the first thing Lanying did was to pack things, ready to return to Suzhou. The aunt came over and said calmly, "Lanying, I know your temper. Once you have decided something, no one can persuade you…"<br />
<br />
“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
<br />
"I appreciate that you know it." The girl said tonelessly.<br />
<br />
“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好好谈谈吧……”<br />
<br />
"I have only one request." said the aunt, "Since you came to Hangzhou, it does not hurt to stay one more day. Let's talk about it in the evening…"<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
<br />
At night, Lanying and the aunt sat face to face by lamplight.<br />
<br />
“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I trust your eyes. The person you like must be good." The aunt said calmly. “Our party implements a policy of uniting and reforming intellectuals, and people like him still have a role to play."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "I thought the same thing…"<br />
<br />
“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们一些好处。打个比喻吧,好比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那些人再好,也不能使用。你多想一想吧……”<br />
<br />
"But let me tell you more detailed information." The aunt said, "At present, we do not have a team of intellectuals of our own. If we don’t rely on them, who can we rely on? If we want to use them, we have to give them some benefits. To use an analogy, it is like a jelly bean to coax children. The little sweetness will soon melt. When our own team grows up, they can’t be used anymore no matter how good they are. Think more about it…”<br />
<br />
姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头一次听说,在政策的背后还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
<br />
After the girl listened to the thorough analysis, she was bewildered. She heard for the first time that there were policies behind a policy. The infinite mysteries of life were enough for her to digest slowly.<br />
<br />
这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。一个势单力孤的女子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越 ,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为一个农家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
<br />
That night, Lanying lost sleep. At the deadest time of the night, she was thinking about the painter who was far away and gradually came to realize that there were more serious obstacles between them than ice, snow, storms, mountains and rivers. A weak woman, powerless to push away the weight of society, tradition and mentality, felt that the future was infinitely uncertain. Did the girl regret having fallen in love with him? She could not find a reason to condemn herself. Their love was witnessed by the green hill and bright moon, without a trace of dust. She could only regret that she came from a privileged background and was fully favored, so that her love was also shackled. The girl would rather be reborn again for him… She fell asleep in a daze and had a sweet dream that she was transformed into a farm girl and met the painter among the white mountain and the black water. The whole world was pure as if it was covered with silver and jade… When she woke up, she found that it was just a delusional dream. The fate had been doomed, and everything was irreversible. The girl was desperate, with hot tears like a broken line of beads, from the cheeks constantly rolling down...<br />
<br />
第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看一看就会明白的。”<br />
<br />
The next day, the aunt put a magazine in front of Lanying: "This is what I found from the library, you will understand if you read it."<br />
<br />
这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到一篇文章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的一小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的题目——<br />
<br />
It was a magazine of ''Fine Arts'' published in that year. With trembling hands, Lanying opened the pages and found an article. The article criticized an oil painting by Yuan Yunsheng and included a photo of it. What was that? The painting was shrunken into a small and pitiful piece that could not be seen clearly. The girl finally found the title of the painting--<br />
<br />
水乡记忆<br />
<br />
Memory of the Water Town<br />
<br />
“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
<br />
"It’s okay. It’s okay. It would burn if you continue frying it."<br />
<br />
“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
<br />
"Be gentle, don't let others hear it."<br />
<br />
“我先尝尝——哈,又香又脆!”<br />
<br />
"Let me taste it first--ha, it’s delicious and crispy!"<br />
<br />
“放开肚皮吧 ,反正不花钱……”<br />
<br />
"Tuck in. It doesn’t cost money anyway…"<br />
<br />
袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng lying in bed, heard the laughter, the sizzle of boiling oil, and the greedy sound of chewing from next door, along with the aroma of fried oil cakes, keeping him awake at night. <br />
<br />
这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择一处乡土气息浓厚的地区深入生活 ,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓库隔壁的一间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传口号消失了,生理本能在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是一出率先占有填充材料的喜剧。<br />
<br />
This was the warehouse of the production team, located in a small town near Suzhou. Not long ago, Yuan Yunsheng returned to the Central Academy of Fine Arts from Shuangqiao Farm, and got back to Professor Dong Xiwen's studio to learn from him. The teacher suggested him to choose an area with a strong local flavor to plunge into the thick of life, collecting materials for his graduation work. He came to a town in the regions south of the Yangtze River and was assigned to a hut next to the production team's warehouse as the accommodation. It was a time of national economic hardship, and the water town, which was praised as “the earthly paradise", was also facing the threat of starvation. The fanatical slogan that was once popular disappeared and physiological instincts took effect in people, which was first shown in the town's cadres. In order to fill a few people’s bellies, they went harm to the group, compressing others’ bellies. The late-night performance was a comedy of being the first to take possession of the filling material.<br />
<br />
袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng rolled over in bed, causing a few rats to crawl out beside the pillow and hop around on him.<br />
<br />
“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
<br />
"There’s a noise!" The man next door said, "Should we ask that painter to come?"<br />
<br />
“别理他!”<br />
<br />
"Don’t mind him!"<br />
<br />
……<br />
<br />
这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预一下也无可厚非 。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
<br />
This was the material of real life! Paint it. Since "art was subordinate to politics", there was nothing wrong with intervening in such life. The painter lay in bed, his heart flowing with the feeling of concerning for the country and the people.<br />
<br />
然而,夜间的梦寐 并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
<br />
However, the dream at night did not leave the painter with a deep impression. He had his own understanding of the function of art. He came here for pursuit of the beauty in life, and the dust of life could not cloud the artist's heart of gold. The place he went to during the day gave satisfaction to his pursuit. A few weeks later, he returned to Beijing with everything that he wanted.<br />
<br />
回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,一股不可遏制的创作冲动驱使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去一个晚上的时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
<br />
One day after returning to Beijing, he leaned on his bed and thought after dinner. An uncontrollable impulse of creation drove him to pick up the brush and readily draw on the draft paper, the tip of the brush as smooth as floating clouds and flowing water. In only one night, he sketched out his graduation work.<br />
<br />
他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
<br />
He took the sketch to visit Teacher Dong Xiwen. The teacher looked at it and said: "I think it is distinctive. The workload is not small. Get on with it!"<br />
<br />
他把行李卷、画布和油彩,一股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上一摊,不分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
<br />
He moved the bedding roll, canvases and oil paints into the large warehouse of the college. This warehouse was used to store large-scale cultural relics, including a tall stone camel, an excavated stone horse and a stone tiger in front of the tomb of the Han Dynasty general Huo Qubing. The floor was covered with thick dust, and the walls were covered with cobwebs, like a gloomy old castle. He spread the bedding roll on the floor, and worked day and night. The stone tiger and horse watched a young painter working like a maniac. Two months later, Yuan Yunsheng asked someone to help him lift out a huge oil painting.<br />
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这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
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The painting was titled ''Memory of the Water Town''.<br />
<br />
《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优 ”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的分数都不肯给。<br />
<br />
''Memory of the Water Town'' became the topic of conversation in the circle of art. The doyens of painting such as Dong Xiwen, Ye Qianyu and Huang Yongyu praised it, who argued that his graduation grade should be “excellent”. Some others shook their heads and frowned, refusing to give him even a passing grade.<br />
<br />
水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
<br />
What was the memory of the water town for the young painter?<br />
<br />
画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
<br />
In the picture is a small bridge common in Suzhou, which is the style of traditional architectural left over from the Ming Dynasty, with exquisite structure, decorated with delicate sculpted reliefs. The two sides of the bridge show the houses, streets and the lively scene of the market trading during the Spring Festival.<br />
<br />
看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。一个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开一张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。一个淳朴的小女孩刚才卖掉一只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着一桩桩美好的故事——人们在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
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Look, there are people setting up the stage for Beijing opera performance, there are people selling New Year's pictures, and there are people selling grain and vegetables, so lively. A beautiful country girl spreads out a newspaper at her feet and sets bunches of flowers on it, expecting people to visit. A simple little girl has just sold a lamb. Perhaps because the cute little animal was fed by her hands when growing up, she sees it being taken away, showing a look of melancholy... With the strong national style and local customs and practices, the painter drew hundreds of lifelike characters, around the stone bridge to tell good stories -- people exchanged their results of hard work a year here, and were pleased and gratified by the rich and colorful folk recreations.<br />
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桥下是一泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
<br />
Under the bridge is clear, rippling and sparkling. The dark-awninged boats, small wooden boats and barges carrying purchases for the Spring Festival are so close to each other, and brush past the others. The boatmen are all humble, avoiding each other, and quickly giving the way for the neighboring boats. A young man lies leisurely on the bow of the boat, the sunlight sprinkling over his face, and thinks with a vision of the future…<br />
<br />
这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举世无双的韧性——走向明天!<br />
<br />
Weren’t the small bridge and the river the reappearance of our national features! Our nation suffered a lot, and was at a very difficult time; however, our indomitable national spirit was not destroyed by the disaster. We were strong, confident and optimistic, emphasized courtesy, and maintained great dignity, with a slow rhythm, calm pace, and resilience that was unparalleled in the world--towards tomorrow!<br />
<br />
谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
<br />
Who could have guessed that the original idea of this painting was conceived in that hut in the water town, that shady with mice hopping around, adjacent to the evil. What a contrast between the hard work of the people, the innocence of the painter, and the greed, selfishness and deceit just a wall away! The painter brushed away the shadows of life, and used painting language to express his deep love for his country and people with good wishes. This was the self-analysis of the painter's mind and character!<br />
<br />
当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩 ,年画的敦厚朴实和壁画的装饰趣味。<br />
<br />
When ''Memory of the Water Town'' was put on public display, hanging in the auditorium of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, the response from the audience was enthusiastic. Some people left comments, some took pictures, and some copied it. Just in terms of its innovation in artistic style, people were amazed by it. The author put aside the "three unities" of plot devices of Western oil painting and the traditional perspective rules, and adopted the ingenious technique of cavalier perspective of Chinese painting, so as to make the independent stories on the picture blend together. When portraying the characters, the author masterly used the tools of Western oil painting, boldly used line modeling, and absorbed the exaggeration of the ancient art of pottery figurines to depict images of the figures with different expressions. The painting had the splendor and magnificence of oil painting, the exact delineation and heavy colors of Chinese painting, the sincerity and simplicity of New Year’s picture and the decorative interest of fresco. <br />
<br />
把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为一炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿了吧！<br />
<br />
It was the author's dream to integrate the ancient and modern, Chinese and Western painting arts into one. His dream should come true!<br />
<br />
但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
<br />
However, the fate of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was suddenly reversed, which was taken off the wall of the exhibition hall and thrown into the garbage dump where scraps were stored. Later, a young man who loved table tennis found its value and dragged it behind the table to use it as a baffle to block the ball. Later, a student from the art history department felt bad for it and secretly cut it down with a scissor, folded it up, and pressed it under the bed in the dormitory. However, the college reported it to the police in panic, bringing in the comrades in the department of public safety to enter the college to reconnoiter, as if searching for an indecent prohibited thing. Finally, the enthusiastic collector had to hand it over, and the campus loudspeaker immediately broadcasted that it was "another victory in paying great attention to class struggle".<br />
<br />
离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着一堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的路口只亮着一盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
<br />
Was it bizarre? Not really. The climate was changing, three years of hardship passed, the fairs trade in the countryside was banned, and the days of hunger were forgotten. Today's politics made new requirements on yesterday's art, and it was time for the painter to be spanked. The author of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was faced with lots of questions that he could never answer: Why didn't you paint a tractor? Why didn't you paint the wheat field with a good harvest? Why didn't paint… Among all the criticisms, no one had ever accused him of not painting the scene next door that night, though such phenomena were a well-known fact. There was only one green light at the intersection of literary criticism: turning left. The artist who stayed true to the art went straight ahead and was denounced as being too "right".<br />
<br />
中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出作者的艺术才能。”<br />
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Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, once said with emotion: "If this painting had not been damaged, and had been put on display, I can predict that the audience would have rehabilitated him. Even in this tentative work, we can see the artistic talent of the author."<br />
<br />
只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世——其中也包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
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Unfortunately, the remains of the painting couldn’t be found. The only memorial it had left was a pathetically small picture, accompanied by a critical article that sounded plausible, published in a corner of ''Fine Arts''. The painter should feel honored that it was the first time his work had been made into a zincograph, and printed, spreading around the world--including the one in front of Lanying.<br />
<br />
月台边<br />
<br />
At the Edge of the Platform<br />
<br />
兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
<br />
The second morning Lanying spent in Hangzhou was the most painful time for her.<br />
<br />
阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子 ,还会累及子女。<br />
<br />
The aunt stood beside her as her guardian, and pointed to the magazine as if she had found a powerful proof. The aunt said that a man like Yuan Yunsheng would not correct his mistake, and others would not tolerate him. It would be a lifelong mistake to combine with him, never seeing the light in the future and implicating the children.<br />
<br />
那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘与画家结合 的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
<br />
The magazine did not frighten the girl’s love away, but made her feel the seriousness of the problem. It seemed that it was not only the aunt, the college, but also the whole society that prevented her from being bound with the painter. It seemed that everyone except the girl was cursing him and splashing dirty water on the painter. Did the girl still have the courage to go towards him? Talking about the future children, those innocent babies that would follow the adults and spend their whole life in the mud, Lanying's heart was softened.<br />
<br />
这是一场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
<br />
It was an irresistible spiritual siege. Lanying hunched over the table and burst into tears…<br />
<br />
阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效力,递过一支笔、一张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
<br />
Seeing the effect of her good intention, the aunt handed over a pen and a piece of paper: "Writing him a letter and making it clear, you’ll feel comfortable. If he really loves you, he will not give you trouble again…"<br />
<br />
兰英接过纸笔。<br />
<br />
Lanying took the paper and pen.<br />
<br />
她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家能够得到另一个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后一个字,信纸上满是斑斑泪痕。<br />
<br />
She wrote a very firm statement, cutting off communication with the painter, and didn’t explain anything. She took the responsibility, saying that she was willing to pay the lifelong price for her impulse and would never get married again. In her letter, she wished the painter to get another girl who would love him as much as she did… When she finished the letter, it was blotted with tears.<br />
<br />
阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
<br />
The aunt took it over to have a look and sighed: "Look, the handwriting was wet with tears. It’ll make him suspect that you are not really want to break up with him ......"<br />
<br />
“本来就是被迫的！”兰英没好气地说。<br />
<br />
"It was forced!" Lanying said angrily.<br />
<br />
阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
<br />
The aunt finally got the written pledge and was relieved, sealing the envelope with her own hands, sticking a stamp on it, and taking it to the post office.<br />
<br />
兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将把信撕得粉碎,一赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下 ,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净……<br />
<br />
Lanying returned to Suzhou from Hangzhou, and felt every day like a year, repeatedly imagining the painter's reaction. The painter would be furious, wouldn’t he? Lanying really did not want to add a new scar to the painter's heart, which had been badly wounded, so she did not write irritating words in the letter. But the painter would understand the reason for the change. The letter had already constituted a contempt and insult to him. Would he rip it up and decide not to write back in a fit of anger? Or would he bow to his fate and fall into a depression? Or, the girl's worries were superfluous. Men were men, who were easy come and easy go. He would wipe the girl out of his memory, completely forgetting her.<br />
<br />
兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
<br />
The last thing that Lanying wanted to happen was the latter situation.<br />
<br />
画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
<br />
The painter wrote back with stiff words. He agreed to break up, without a hint of a pleading tone, with only one last condition, asking Lanying to come to Changchun and explain the reason face to face.<br />
<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
<br />
Like hearing an echo from an empty valley, Lanying ran into the college office clasping the letter.<br />
<br />
姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
<br />
The girl placed the letter on the table and said: "Please allow me to go to Changchun."<br />
<br />
对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
<br />
After reading the painter's letter, the other party looked up and asked, "Is this the last meeting?"<br />
<br />
“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
<br />
"Yes." The girl said, "We're very determined."<br />
<br />
学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
<br />
The college could not say the reason for refusing the girl and let her go. On the day of the girl’s departure, the school made a long-distance call to Changchun, asking the painter's unit to cooperate and pay attention to the actions of Lanying and the painter, promoting both sides to break off the relationship.<br />
<br />
火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人头攒动的月台上,她一眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
<br />
The train was flying along, the vast fields passing outside the window. The girl was anxious. She was longing for the scenery of the Northeast in her dream before, but this journey didn’t leave any impression on her. She only remembered the moment the train arrived in Changchun, when she saw the painter with a pale face at a glance on the crowded platform.<br />
<br />
兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
<br />
When Lanying stepped out of the train, the painter was coming up. He still held the sketchbook in his hand, pretending to be calm. However, his tired and dark look, holding back great pain, could not escape the girl's keen eyes. It was exactly what the girl hoped to see, and a thrill of joy rose in her heart. <br />
<br />
画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
<br />
The painter stopped at the edge of the platform, keeping a few steps from the girl.<br />
<br />
“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
<br />
"Please answer now," the painter's voice was like the low roar of a wild animal, "why do you change your mind? Why do you bend to the will of others?"<br />
<br />
姑娘把旅行袋往前一递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听懂是什么意思。<br />
<br />
The girl handed her travel bag forward: "Do you think I come to Changchun to negotiate with you?" The painter was stunned, not understanding what it meant.<br />
<br />
“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑一趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
<br />
"You fool! If I want to break up with you, do I need to come all the way here?" The girl smiled sweetly, "There is a long way to go, and you need to be tested!"<br />
<br />
明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解——那些无尽无休的劝说、挑唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
<br />
The bright sunlight returned to the painter's face. He even forgot to pick up the girl's bag, and was so excited that he didn’t know what to do. The girl dodged back a little, really afraid that the guy who lost his mind in front of him would throw himself into her arms in full view of a large crowd with no regard for the customs of the country… The consensus reached the Changchun negotiation--those endless persuasions, instigation and restraint were really tiresome that decisive actions had to be taken to get rid of it.<br />
<br />
兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同财产,是一条印花双人床单。在一间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
<br />
Lanying and the painter married in the summer vacation after graduation. The wedding was held in Changchun, without relatives officiating, and classmates congratulating. The only gift they received was a blouse given by Yuan Yunfu to his sister-in-law; the new common property was a printed double bed sheet. In a temporary borrowed hut, they performed a solemn ceremony of life. Lanying spent her honeymoon in disassembling and washing the bedding for the former bachelor. The short honeymoon ended as Lanying's reporting date approached.<br />
<br />
人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
<br />
The Queen Mother of the world was not willing to give in after all, and deliberately laid a galaxy between them.<br />
<br />
兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽容——除了东北三省之外,其他任何一个城市都行。实心眼儿的 姑娘把手指放在地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
<br />
Lanying's place of work was chosen from the map. When she was assigned after graduation, the college gave her lenient conditions--any city except the three provinces of the northeast. The honest girl put her finger on the map and found the nearest place to the Northeast along the railway line. Her finger crossed Beijing, Tianjin, and rested on a small circle south of Shanhaiguan: Tangshan. She thought that it was the ideal crossing of the Milky Way on earth.<br />
<br />
她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着一块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生活无法自理。直到这时,她才感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
<br />
Not long after she arrived in Tangshan, she was caught in an "unprecedented" storm. With marches, rebellions, and two factions fighting with each other with machetes and spears, the whole city fell into primitive tribal strife. Lanying was alone and lived in uncertainty in troubled times. The annual visits to her husband comforted her a little in spirit. Later, she was pregnant. The overwork and poor living conditions caused Lanying to suffer from lumbar spine strain. Her back was like carrying a heavy iron plate, and she couldn’t roll over in bed. There was no one to make fires in the house, and the flimsy door and windows could not withstand the cold wind. The lumbar disease made her stiff and unable to take care of herself. By this time, she felt that she needed her husband by her side so much…<br />
<br />
画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到一份工作,又赶到唐山,好不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户口的证件。至此,他们已经两地分居六年了。<br />
<br />
The painter went around and asked, and finally found a job for his wife in a hospital in Changchun, and then rushed to Tangshan. With difficulty, he passed many hurdles and got the documents to switch his wife’s job and transfer her registered permanent residence. So far, they had been living apart for six years.<br />
<br />
兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西——优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。耿耿 银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
<br />
When Lanying sat on the train, the platform in Changchun moving in front of her eyes again, she could not help but have mixed feelings. For six years, she lost a lot of things out of her own volition--a bright future in politics, a beautiful youth and excellent conditions. The corners of her pretty eyes were covered with worry lines, and her beautiful cheeks became sallow with a gaunt appearance. She paid a huge price for the ordinary life of ordinary people, and a charge of "the family member of a rightist whose hat was taken off”. The Milky Way was in front of her, and there were the same strict rituals in heaven and on earth. <br />
<br />
陋室铭<br />
<br />
The Humble Room<br />
<br />
破木桌上摊开一张纸片,一只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
<br />
A piece of paper was spread out on the broken wooden table, and a small hand holding the brush, applied watercolor to the paper. Round, square and irregular blocks of color appeared under the brush, representing different still life: the round one was a washtub, the square one was an old wooden box, and the irregular one was a diaper on a clothesline…<br />
<br />
这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
<br />
It was the artist's son sketching. He was born in Changchun, and no matter how difficult the path of his parents' life was, he grew up according to the laws of nature, until he was old enough to grasp a brush with his little hand. <br />
<br />
小屋只有14平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, 一排大连铺占去三分之二的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
<br />
The house was only 14 square meters. A little sister added to the family, and four of them were crammed into a small space, with a large bed taking up two thirds of the area. The broken wooden table in front of the window was the dad's workbench at ordinary times, and the son's bed at night. The rest of the space was for cooking and washing clothes, and there was no extra space.<br />
<br />
眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
<br />
The artist's son had painted the scene in front of him more than once, which was his first subject of contact with life. This lovely third generation in new China repeatedly painted with the most beautiful colors in his young mind, and had accumulated dozens of sketches. Whenever the neighbors came to visit, he would take out his works and show them off in front of them. However, the comments he heard were very disappointing: "Alas, Lanying, why does your precious son only paint the slums?"<br />
<br />
兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
<br />
Lanying gave a wry smile. What could she say? All her son painted were things in her house.<br />
<br />
兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头一样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
<br />
After Lanying moved to Changchun, she took on heavy housework and lived a hard life. She was used to eating ready-made meals in the canteen before, and never cooked; by this time, she was distressed to find that it was more difficult to steam the corn cake without turning souring than to perform a surgical operation in the hospital. For a long time, the steamed corn cakes, steamed bread of corn and steamed buns that the whole family ate were unbearably sour and hard like stones. The children still gobbled them up as if they natively tasted like that.<br />
<br />
家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱一个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭 。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
<br />
The family's finances were tight. The total income of two college graduates could not keep up with the increase of family members and the rise of commodity prices. The son was lucky enough to eat cake for a few days when he was a child. When it was the daughter's turn, the parents could no longer afford to buy cakes, so they had to buy bread that was a dime per piece to give the children a treat. Later, the parents brought home discounted black bread. Even so, the children were so happy, smiling from ear to ear.<br />
<br />
他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
<br />
They pinched and scraped, but still spent more than their income. At the end of every month, Lanying and the painter would empty out their pockets face to face.<br />
<br />
“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, we haven't bought the meat for this month yet." Lanying said.<br />
<br />
“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
<br />
"Let’s buy it." The painter said, "It's Sunday. It’s time to improve a meal."<br />
<br />
妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服口袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
<br />
The wife had been penniless for a while. The painter turned his pockets inside out to scrap up enough money to buy a catty of meat.<br />
<br />
儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
<br />
The son, who had already prepared a small snow sled and waited there, took the money and ran away with joy.<br />
<br />
过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
<br />
After a while, the son's cheer came from the door: "Come on, the meat is bought back!"<br />
<br />
画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
<br />
The painter and his wife ran out to greet it, but they were stunned: "Where's the meat?"<br />
<br />
儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚才他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤肉颠得没影了……<br />
<br />
My son looked back and saw that the snow sled was empty. He was too happy and run too fast, the catty of meat tossed away…<br />
<br />
“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
<br />
As the "buyer" had never failed in his duty, he became downhearted this time. The painter and Lanying had to comfort their son, holding his embarrassed little face and laughing.<br />
<br />
儿子也笑了。一场精神上的欢笑 代替了假日的会餐。<br />
<br />
The son laughed too. A time of mirth in spirit replaced the holiday meal.<br />
<br />
在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, the so-called "spiritual aristocrats" were finding jobs for themselves. Some decorated the facade of restaurants and hotels, painting some pictures to exchange bottles of wine and whole cases of fish. Some were busy with their household sidelines, producing modern furniture by hand. Others worked as art tutors, and if the students they taught had good backgrounds, their situations would soon be improved. But Yuan Yunsheng did not get any "extra money" and did not look for a way out. He was very busy. He worked during the day, honestly completing the tasks given to him and trying not to be faulted; after he came back home at night, he indulged in painting, steeping himself in his beloved art, and didn’t have time to do the housework.<br />
<br />
在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似的想点办法?”<br />
<br />
At the most difficult time for the family, Lanying said to Yunsheng in a tentative tone, "Could you think of some ways like others?"<br />
<br />
“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
<br />
"Think of what?" The painter asked in amazement.<br />
<br />
“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合过得去……”<br />
<br />
"I don't ask for anything more." The wife said, "I mean, if possible, to make life at home barely get by..."<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head: "There is a way. But that would wreck my art!"<br />
<br />
妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题一搁,永远不再提起。<br />
<br />
The wife knew the weight of the word "art" in her husband's heart. The subject was put aside, and never mentioned again.<br />
<br />
兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥一顿饱一顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣服洗一洗吧。”<br />
<br />
Lanying was sick from exhaustion, tortured by the pain of lumbar spine strain, and sometimes had to stay in bed. Whenever it happened, the sky of the family collapsed and everything was in chaos. The whole family ate erratically; when the children's clothes were dirty, they didn’t have others to change; the sheets were splattered with the painter's oil, like a canvas of an abstract painter... As a medical worker, Lanying had minimum requirements for sanitation. She could not tolerate it anymore, lying in bed and commending the painter: "Wash the sheets and clothes today."<br />
<br />
“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干一场。<br />
<br />
"Okay." The husband obediently put down the brush and rolled up his sleeves as if he was about to get some things done.<br />
<br />
他把床单和衣服泡了满满一盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他一忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;一忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
<br />
He soaked a full tub of sheets and clothes. As he washed, his hands on the washboard slowed down, and his eyes rested on the opposite wall. There hung a new painting, with the oil not yet dry. One minute he tilted his head sideways, looking pleased with himself; the next he frowned, as if he had found something unsatisfactory.<br />
<br />
他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
<br />
He stood up sharply, wiped his soapy hands on his breast, took a brush, and jumped on the bench, making some changes on the painting.<br />
<br />
兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过一丝苦笑。<br />
<br />
Lanying lay on the bed, with a wry smile flitting across the corner of his mouth.<br />
<br />
画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
<br />
The painter jumped off the bench and went back to the washtub. After a while, he couldn't help looking up at the wall again...<br />
<br />
一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,一共跳了多少次?”<br />
<br />
The day passed. He finally finished washing a tub of clothes, taking more than seven hours on it, and did not have time to cook. The whole family was hungry. Lanying, angry and amused, asked humorously, "Hey, how many times did you jump up and down from the bench?"<br />
<br />
画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
<br />
The painter shook his head blankly.<br />
<br />
兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪——整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
<br />
Lanying said: "You do not remember. I counted it for you--twenty times! Oh, what am I gonna do about you? When doing housework, you are lazy than anyone; when picking up the brush, you are more diligent than anyone..."<br />
<br />
天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入睡;儿子一沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另一只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
<br />
It was dark, and snow fell heavily outside the window, like tearing the cotton wool. Lanying, looking at the ceiling, wasn’t able to sleep; as soon as her son touched the pillow, he fell into a sound and sweet sleep. In the other corner of the hut, under the dim light, the painter was rocking his daughter with one hand, while the other hand was holding a brush and painting. He hummed an improvised lullaby, the song echoing softly in the hut...<br />
<br />
漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
<br />
They spent many nights like this in the long winter.<br />
<br />
兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为一个正直的画家的妻子的全部甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
<br />
The husband’s humming rang in Lanying’s ears, and she silently sank in thought. When she first fell in love with him, she admired his integrity and loyalty to art. Now, she had experienced all the joys and sorrows of being the wife of an upright painter. He was content with being poor and lonely. He didn’t have a normal family life, couldn’t see the light at the end of the tunnel, only asking for work, not the harvest... Who but his wife really understood him? He not only was not understood by the society, but he was also identified as a bad man, with sticks always waving above his head. Whenever thinking of these, the pain of the poor couple's disharmony dissipated, and the wife's heart turned into a spring water, full of female tenderness.<br />
<br />
她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
<br />
She thought, if two people shared the housework, they would get nothing done. Even if she had a terrible backache tomorrow, she had to bite the bullet and get up, bearing the heavy load of housework...<br />
<br />
车轮下<br />
<br />
Under the Wheels<br />
<br />
袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng slept late at night and when he rubbed his eyes the next morning, it was already broad daylight outside the window. "Shit!" He dressed frantically, "I'll be late again..."<br />
<br />
兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为一家人做早饭。<br />
<br />
Lanying had already got up, enduring the back pain, and was making breakfast for the family.<br />
<br />
画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
<br />
The painter asked in amazement, "Who told you to get up? You are not well yet!"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺一躺。”画家匆匆吃过早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
<br />
Lanying said, "It's nothing, I'm still on sick leave anyway. I can still lie down after you leave." The painter hurriedly ate the breakfast, pushed the bicycle and rushed out the door.<br />
<br />
在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过一场大雪,北风一刮,马路上结着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, it was the season when dripping water turned into ice and the breath from the mouth immediately turned to frost. After a heavy snowfall, and when the north wind blew, the roads were thick with ice. The trees on the roadside were covered with silver flowers, and the buildings shone with a dazzling silver glow like a richly decorated jade palace.<br />
<br />
画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命 的时刻。<br />
<br />
The painter was very anxious. Early in the morning, for others was the beginning of the day's work, but for him was the continuation of the night's work. The turn of day and night was the moment when he was busy running around and exhausted.<br />
<br />
人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
<br />
How many ordeals there were in life! Social, natural and accidental...<br />
<br />
穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽听一阵隆隆的马达声。一辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
<br />
Through a street, there was a busy intersection ahead, cars running like the tide. He rode forward cautiously, and suddenly heard a rumble of motors. A reckless truck crossed the intersection, refusing to slow down, as if there was no one else there. <br />
With fast speed, slippery ground, and without preparation, the painter had been too late to dodge it. A crush with a sound of bang, the painter flew far away with the car and fell to the ground. Just then, another truck came from the opposite side, and the painter was passed under the wheels of the truck like a ball...<br />
<br />
街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
<br />
When the people in the street saw this scene of tragedy, they screamed and froze there.<br />
<br />
卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
<br />
The truck driver lost his composure, forgetting to brake in the panic, and putting his right foot on the accelerator and drove on. The truck's big wheels ran over the bicycle, the steel frame uttered a short groan, and the bicycle seat was crushed into a ball. The truck kept going towards the painter.<br />
<br />
这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸口一轧,就算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
<br />
It was a moment of pain, a moment of approaching death. It was over. As soon as the car rolled over his chest, his life was over. He had suffered repeatedly on the road of life, and had never been willing to give in to the fate, but this time he was afraid that he would not be able to escape. He left his beloved art, his wife and children, and died meaninglessly...<br />
<br />
按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同情——预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头——抗争！<br />
<br />
According to Goethe, people could only have three feelings about their own sufferings and that of others: fear, terror and sympathy--the anxiety of foreseeing the coming catastrophe, the unexpected discovery of current suffering and the sympathy for the suffering of the time or the past. However, the painter, who fell under the wheel, had none of these three feelings in the hazy consciousness that flashed through his mind. Even at such a moment, he showed his stubborn character, and had only one strong thought--to struggle!<br />
<br />
接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
<br />
What happened next was unbelievable to the startled roadside pedestrians. They saw the body that fell under the truck suddenly straightened up, stretching out a pair of arms, and clinging to the front bumper of the truck. The truck roared and shook, as if to destroy the barrier; the person under the wheels struggled, slid, and refused to give up. People in the streets of Changchun saw a scene of flesh and blood stubbornly fighting with the steel monster.<br />
<br />
“千万不能倒下！”画家想,“一倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
<br />
"I must not fall down!" The painter thought, "If I fall down, I'll never get up again..."<br />
<br />
卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
<br />
The truck dragged the painter along the icy road, for 5 meters, 10 meters... Until the driver regained his normal reflexes, he hit the brake, overcoming the car's inertia.<br />
<br />
画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
<br />
The painter was injured seriously and his clothes were torn into ragged strips. He was taken to the hospital.<br />
<br />
抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天才清醒过来。<br />
<br />
When Lanying, who was sick at home, heard the news, there was a buzz in her head, and she felt that the sky was spinning, and her legs went limp. It took her a long time to wake.<br />
<br />
兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾一切地赶到医院。存车的时候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙怎么也拔不出来。<br />
<br />
Lanying got on her bicycle and, not knowing where she got the strength, she rushed to the hospital regardless. When she stored the car, she lost strength again. She could hardly look at the hospital door, her hands were shaking, and she could not pull the key out.<br />
<br />
存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚才进医院的时候,自己还能走路。”<br />
<br />
The old lady at the parking lots recognized Lanying: "You are Yuan's lover, right? Don't be afraid. He just walked into the hospital by himself."<br />
<br />
兰英这才觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
<br />
Lanying felt relieved now.<br />
<br />
兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫妻双双躺在床上。<br />
<br />
Lanying took her husband home to recover from his injuries. After this mental stimulation, the sick wife’s body was heavier. Both the couple lay in bed.<br />
<br />
孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和女儿一人捧回一包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
<br />
The child was left unattended. Lanying took out a few cents and asked the children to buy food. After a while, the son and daughter each brought back a packet of cookies, standing by the bed with tears in their eyes.<br />
<br />
儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
<br />
The son said, "Dad, eat this."<br />
<br />
女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
<br />
The daughter said, "Daddy, eat mine."<br />
<br />
兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿......<br />
<br />
Lanying took the children into her arms, wiping away the tears on their little faces for both of them. The children understood the family situation and tasted the desolation and fears of life too soon. Lanying only regrated that she couldn’t have more money to give her husband and children a little spiritual and physical compensation...<br />
<br />
画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰问。他们留下一百块钱赔偿经济损失——画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
<br />
While the painter was recovering from his injuries, the driver who caused the accident and the head of his unit came to his house to apologize and express sympathy. They left a hundred yuan to compensate for the economic loss--the painter's clothes, bicycle and medical expenses.<br />
<br />
客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
<br />
After the guests left, the painter sat on the bed, deep in thought.<br />
<br />
兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看一眼也令人伤心。<br />
<br />
Lanying looked at the pile of money and sighed sadly. Because her husband got it by escaping from death, she was sad even by glancing at it.<br />
<br />
画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
<br />
The painter suddenly got out of bed and paced around the house.<br />
<br />
“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, are you crazy?" His wife said with the tone of blame, "Your leg is not yet healed. Back to bed!"<br />
<br />
画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民——我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去！”<br />
<br />
The painter walked up to his wife, his eyes shining with excitement, "Look, I can walk! You know, I haven't gone out to paint for a long time, because I don't have that condition. How I long for the grassland in northern Shaanxi, the rushing Yellow River, and the people there--I'll take this money and go to Yan'an to paint from life!"<br />
<br />
这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是一个贫病交困的人的最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对一些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那样遥远,拼着性命才能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
<br />
This was the voice in the heart of the artist who just got up from under the wheel! This was the highest hope of a poor and sick man! His request was so limited, which didn’t matter to some people, but was so far away for him, who needed to fight for it with his life. Lanying felt like her chest was hit hard, with her heart burning, and ran out of words. She looked at her husband's sincere face, and understood it. Now that it could bring joy and satisfaction to him who longed to paint, then let him go.<br />
<br />
数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
<br />
A few days later, Yuan Yunsheng, dragging his unhealed body, carrying a heavy pack and painting tools, set off on a snowy and windy road with his wife's affectionate gaze...<br />
<br />
袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng went through difficulties on the trip to northern Shaanxi. As months went by, his face was engraved with the marks of the plateau sun and sandstorms, and he returned home with his bag full of sketches.<br />
<br />
袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,一举一动都受到街道居委会的监视。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing, he went to see Jiang Feng. At that time, the air in Beijing was suffocating. Jiang Feng was over 60 years old, whose situation was even worse than before. He lived alone in a messy compound, and his every move was monitored by the street committee.<br />
<br />
袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没有什么值得高兴的——中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路线走一遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng sat in front of the past the secretary of the Party Committee, bringing recent news of the old areas of northern Shaanxi. The news was nothing to cheer about--the People's Republic of China had been founded for more than twenty years, and everywhere he went along the route of the Red Army’s strategic shift, the people were still living in poverty. The young painter declaimed against the country’s failings, but suddenly thought that the walls have ears, and worried about the situation of the old man, so he dropped the subject and quietly looked at Jiang Feng.<br />
<br />
江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上挂着一幅画框,嵌着一张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng listened peacefully, looking calm, and had not intention of stopping him. On the wall behind him hung a framed sketch, which was exactly the one that Yuan Yunsheng painted for Jiang Feng in the Shuangqiao farm ten years ago. The old man maintained his inherent dignity as usual, and was a true tough man. Yuan Yunsheng experienced once again the spiritual power that calmed people down.<br />
<br />
袁运生打开画夹,把一组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng opened the portfolio and placed a group of sketches of people in northern Shaanxi in front of Jiang Feng, including a shepherd with a wrinkled face, a young people with a cold gaze showing disdain for everything, and a rural girl with her head bowed in contemplation... These characters were real and simple, with distinctive characters, and the unprovoked, unintelligible or artificial smiles that often appeared in general paintings could not be found on their faces. He painted the unique temperament of the people in northern Shaanxi.<br />
<br />
“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
<br />
"No one will publish these pictures if you take them out now." Jiang Feng said, "Maybe if you lose sincerity, you will get praise. But I think you are on the right way. The artist can't cater to the mass!"<br />
<br />
袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手一丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out another long scroll of landscape, 68 centimeters wide and more than 400 centimeters long. This painting depicted the lofty Jiaji Pagoda, the flowing water of the Yellow River that broke the ice, and the vast plateau scenery. It took him two whole days to stand in the cold wind and meticulously paint it with his frozen hands, and the strokes were rigorous and majestic.<br />
<br />
画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于1974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
<br />
In one corner of the picture were noted a few lines of small characters: "Written two days after painting at the end of December 1974, when the Yellow River water just broke the ice and flowed on."<br />
<br />
江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他说:“呵,黄河!一泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声音……"<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng extremely liked it after looking at it. The familiar scenery in northern Shaanxi in the picture evoked the strong feelings of the veteran of Yan’an. He said, "Oh, Yellow River! Flowing down vigorously, rushing and surging, and stirring up lofty high raging waves. I seem to hear its voice again..."<br />
<br />
春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了!<br />
<br />
The day finally came like the spring water breaking through the ice and fire erupting from the heart of the earth!<br />
<br />
担担画<br />
<br />
Shoulder Pole Painting<br />
<br />
“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
<br />
When the "Gang of Four" disappeared from political life, the art world burst into life.<br />
<br />
美术界一些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头角,施展才华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是一个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。这个磨砺精深的艺术家，就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
<br />
Some upright men in the art world sympathized with Yuan Yunsheng, whose talent had been buried for many years, and hoped that he could show his talent again. Zhang Ding, the president of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, wrote specially to recommend him to paint. Fei Zheng, who was now the vice chairman of the Hebei Art Association, also made an effort to help him. However, all these efforts were mildly rebuffed and turned back by various excuses. It was clear that Yuan Yunsheng's name was still an ominous thing, subject to indifference and discrimination. This artist with superb painting skills did not even have the opportunity to draw a comic book.<br />
<br />
乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
<br />
Even when it's warmer there is still a chill. It is most difficult to keep well.<br />
<br />
在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,一头不驯服的长发如垂下万根烦恼丝 。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
<br />
In his humble room in Changchun, Yuan Yunsheng was drawing a portrait of himself with a brush in his hand in front of a mirror. A head full of sadness appeared on the sketch, with deep creases, a weed-like beard, and long untamed hair such as hanging down ten thousand trouble silk. His hair was very long and he didn’t have time to care about it, so rarely trimmed it. This appearance, from the personality of the art, matched the painter's difficult state of mind and stubborn temperament... He was nearly forty years old. Since the criticism of ''Memory of the Water Town'', he had not painted a picture according to his own will for more than ten years. How could it not make him have thousands of trouble silk!<br />
<br />
他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
<br />
He threw down his paintbrush irritably and picked up a novel to kill time.<br />
<br />
兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
<br />
Every time Lanying returned home, she always asked with concern, "Yunsheng, have you got any news?"<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head, and the wife sighed.<br />
<br />
兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
<br />
Lanying was already a middle-aged woman. She gave birth to a third child and shouldered the burden of a family of five. On the family agenda, Lanying's main concern was still her husband's art. Art brought joy to her husband, and his joy was her joy. She also waited with the same anxiety.<br />
<br />
1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
<br />
In May 1978, the enthusiastic efforts of a few friends finally paid off, and Yuan Yunsheng got a chance to go out sketching in the beautiful Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province.<br />
<br />
他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了妻子,全家人像过节一样快乐。<br />
<br />
When he received the telegram from Yunnan People's Publishing House, he was ecstatically happy. He immediately told his wife this excellent thing and the whole family was happy just like at a festival.<br />
<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
<br />
His son asked curiously, "Dad, what does Xishuangbanna look like?"<br />
<br />
“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
<br />
"Beautiful!" He said with a smile, "I'll show you the picture I paint when I came back."<br />
<br />
女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
<br />
His daughter tugged at his coat: "Dad, what good things are there in Xishuangbanna?"<br />
<br />
“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
<br />
"There’s a lot of fruit." He stroked his daughter's head, "I'll buy some for you to eat."<br />
<br />
他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
<br />
He was busy packing and organizing his painting tools, making a big mess, and he could not wait to start on his way.<br />
<br />
兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying looked at the things spread all over the floor and asked in amazement: "Why do you bring so many things?"<br />
<br />
丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注一掷了!”<br />
<br />
Her husband said, "It's a rare opportunity, so I need to go for broke!"<br />
<br />
是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使一颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴一样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
<br />
Yes, this painter had been treated coldly for many years. If you think about his action of picking himself up from under the wheel and going to northern Shaanxi that year, you can understand his feelings at this moment. He was eager to go deeply into life and considered it more important than life. Now, a publishing unit sent a formal invitation to him, which made the heart of a man who was loyal to art ablaze like dry firewood.<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,一针针,一线线,直缝到天色薄明。<br />
<br />
In the evening, Lanying found some old cloth and sewed a backpack for her husband under the lamp, needle by needle, thread by thread, until the break of dawn.<br />
<br />
“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
<br />
"How long will you go this time?" Lanying asked.<br />
<br />
“三个月吧。”画家说,“你一个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
<br />
"About three months." The painter said, "Can you take after three children alone?"<br />
<br />
妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
<br />
The wife smiled: "I'm satisfied that you can think of my difficulties..."<br />
<br />
这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府——景洪。他被西双版纳惊人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁着珠光宝气。<br />
<br />
In May of that year, Yuan arrived at Jinghong, the capital of Xishuangbanna, on the banks of the Lancang River. He was deeply shocked by the amazing beauty of Xishuangbanna. When he looked up, everywhere was rich green, and everywhere was picturesque. <br />
The forest was as green as emerald, the valley was like being paved with green velvet, the river was like flowing congealed fat, and the moist air also felt like crystal. No wonder the Dai people compared Xishuangbanna to a shining jewel. The mountains and waters here were glittering with pearls.<br />
<br />
有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
<br />
Who could feel the beauty of life better than a painter? There were so many beautiful sceneries, as if he came to the paradise in hope. The creator of nature seemed to have a special love for this land and poured out the romantic colors of the world everywhere, so that he feasted his eyes on it and he was ecstatic!<br />
<br />
他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地 。招待所的服务人员很有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进一间中等客房。<br />
<br />
He checked in the Jinghong hostel and took a break, preparing to go deeper into the Xishuangbanna. The hostel staff received the painter politely, leading him into a moderate room.<br />
<br />
画家开口就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "How much does this room cost for one day?"<br />
<br />
服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
<br />
The staff said, "Two yuan and a half."<br />
<br />
“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
<br />
"Is there any room cheaper?"<br />
<br />
“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"There is one for seventy dimes a day."<br />
<br />
“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"Good! I’ll check in this room."<br />
<br />
他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下一步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
<br />
He was used to being careful with his money. When he left Changchun, he borrowed a limited amount of money from his unit. He spent a large part of it in the road, and the next economic source was still unknown... The painter plunged into the thick of life and everyone lived well, but he was willing to live in the bottom.<br />
<br />
幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
<br />
Fortunately, Fei Zheng supported him again, sending him 300 yuan from Hebei. This was three-quarters of Fei Zheng's demobilization fee. This timely and generous support gave Yuan Yunsheng the courage to move forward.<br />
<br />
云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
<br />
The Yunnan People's Publishing House assigned a young editor to accompany Yuan Yunsheng to paint. When the Dai boy came to meet him at the hostel, the painter took out everything he had brought from Changchun.<br />
<br />
好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有140多斤重。小伙子看了直抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
<br />
My goodness! The big wooden box contained 18 pieces of plywood, several big bundles of manuscript paper, and a backpack as big as a sack, which was stuffed with pigments, painting tools and daily necessities... They weighed more than 140 pounds altogether. The young man scratched the back of his head after looking at them. He couldn’t imagine how the painter carried them off the train and took them into the dense forests of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out a shoulder pole, smiling at the young man.<br />
<br />
瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
<br />
Look how proud he was, as if he wanted to take the natural scenery of Xishuangbanna into his bag. A few days later, he picked this bent shoulder pole, into the lush subtropical jungle...<br />
<br />
奏鸣曲<br />
<br />
Sonata<br />
<br />
瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
<br />
Look, that was the big banyan tree! Its crown was like clouds that could shelter against the sun, as a solemn and benevolent old grandmother.<br />
<br />
呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
<br />
Ah, that was the areca nut tree, straight and tall, and the local young men and women used it to symbolize everlasting love.<br />
<br />
那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝一样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
<br />
That was the sandalwood tree, whose branches and leaves were as thin as hair. It looked so dashing, like a poet reciting poetry with his hair hanging down.<br />
<br />
就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
<br />
Even the bamboo forest here was different. It was luxuriant and verdant, growing in clusters, like a peacock showing its tail.<br />
<br />
西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在一棵树前,一画就是一整天。<br />
<br />
The plants in Xishuangbanna were the most beautiful! The abundant sunshine and humid climate gave the plant population a particularly rich, dense, and graceful image. The world here was unparalleled, and was looked full of beautiful things. The painter had to suppress his excitement, to gather his feelings and to retain his feelings more precisely in a slower way. He stood in front of a tree and painte all day.<br />
<br />
“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
<br />
"Hey, what kind of tree is that?" The painter asked his fellow editor.<br />
<br />
“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
<br />
"It's called the pattra-leaf tree." The young man enthusiastically introduced, "The Dai people use its leaves instead of paper, and many ancient folklores are recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra."<br />
<br />
袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。每一笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理睬......<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng spread out the paper and painted the unique canopies of the pattra-leaf tree, which were in order, as if the tree wore an armor made of metal chains. Each brush stroke played its role, showing the vitality of green life in layers on the paper. The tropical sun was shooting flames above the painter's head, and it was very hot that beads of sweat oozed from his head. Swarms of insects flew out of the grass and could not be driven away. His legs were red and felt itchy from being bitten. He shook his head helplessly and simply ignored them...<br />
<br />
中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来才深有感受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
<br />
At noon, the young man brought two glutinous rice cakes and thrust them into the painter's hand: "I deeply feel that painting is really a hard job when I come out with you."<br />
<br />
画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在一起的......”<br />
<br />
The painter said with a smile, "Beauty and bitter are always linked together..."<br />
<br />
他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
<br />
They had been staying in a Dai family's bamboo hut. The painter got to know the customs of this warm and kind ethnic group from the perspective of daily life.<br />
<br />
每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
<br />
Every day after dinner, the painter came out of the bamboo hut and went to the forest glade. This was the most charming moment in Xishuangbanna. The sunset glow tinted the village, the treetops, and the water of Lancang River red. A group of Dai girls came slowly, carrying small spinning wheels on their shoulders, small lanterns in their hands, and their tight and floor-length dresses swaying with the wind. They were so slender, so light on their feet, and so graceful, as if a group of beautiful fairies had descended from the sky.<br />
<br />
“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露一截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后一盘,自然地溜向一边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
<br />
"So beautiful!" The painter expressed his feeling to the companion, "Look, those girls' girdles, golden and silver, are like exquisite crafts. But I will never paint their girdles, which will separate the body and destroy the integrity of it. I prefer their natural dressing. See, those girls' dressing is very natural. Their jackets are short, their skirts are long, and a part of the waist is exposed between the jacket and the skirt, which is a high level of aesthetic point of view, making them look slim and tall, pavilion... And look at their hairstyle, tying the hair into a bun, which is naturally slipped to one side. It has got a real Tang style! This ethnic group is amazing. They know best the beauty of details..."<br />
<br />
少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来一阵阵悠扬的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
<br />
The girls dispersed to all corners of the forest glade. Small groups of boys came out of nowhere, and gathered around the girls, talking and laughing. Through the twilight, an orange lantern was lit, and there came the sound of spinning wheels. Dai women had known since childhood not to rely on their parents but to rely on hard-working hands to prepare their own dowry. They were weaving happy love.<br />
<br />
诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就在苦苦思索一个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
<br />
The poetic atmosphere of the southern border was knocking on the window of the artist's inspiration. Whenever such a moment came, Yuan Yunsheng was thinking hard about a question: What was the master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
<br />
Was beauty in your colorful appearance and jewelry with pearls and jades? Painted your face, but could not paint your unique charm; collapsed at your feet, only acting as a servant of the naturalism.<br />
<br />
面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我感受却不尽相同。一百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,一百种不同的表现方法。<br />
<br />
Faced with the same object, the images on different painters’ retinas were the same; however, their own feelings were not the same. A hundred painters could have a hundred different answers, and a hundred different methods of expression.<br />
<br />
艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。 <br />
<br />
Art was valued for having a "self". He was looking for “his” own Xishuangbanna.<br />
<br />
从夏末到中秋,他在一串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勐定的一个偏僻的小村寨。<br />
<br />
From late summer to mid-autumn, he left his footprints in a string of pearl-like place names, and then came to a small remote village in Mengding.<br />
<br />
这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本寨的荣耀。<br />
<br />
The painter's visit caused a sensation in the small cottage, where apparently few guests had visited. During the evening meeting, the whole village cast warm and curious glances at him with laughter and noise, as if his arrival was an honor for the village.<br />
<br />
同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无力同病魔斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是“鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者一商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
<br />
The fellow editor told him that the village was called "Ghost Village". Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Dai people could not fight against illnesses. If someone was ill, it was said that he was possessed by a "ghost". When someone in the same village was pointed out to be the incarnation of the "ghost", several "respected" elders would immediately drive him out after discussion. Over time, those who were driven out formed a village, gathering a group of people who were discriminated against.<br />
<br />
“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的一瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
<br />
The sufferings of the people in the "ghost village" drew the deep sympathy of the painter. The painter cast a friendly glance at them and found that the people here had beautiful looks. If the Dai ethnic group was a beautiful ethnic group, this village was the essence of beauty. The girls like flowers, the charming women, the sturdy young men, all of whom were happy to accept the painter's request to make a sketch of themselves. Later, they simply came to the painter's home and stood in front of him with good grace, hoping to attract his attention. The painter was so busy that he waved his hand without a break. They loved beauty by nature and were proud of it.<br />
<br />
小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在一起进餐,然后由男方挑着担子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像一泓溪水那样清澈。<br />
<br />
Life in the small village was calm and quiet. The painter lived for many days and he didn't hear of any family quarrel. Men and women were financially independent of each other, and earned income, daily necessities, and working tools were clearly divided. When there were rifts in a family, the woman usually proposed to move away. The whole family sat quietly together for a meal before her departure, and then the man carried the pole to see her off. They treated each other with respect. The old and young were in harmony with each other. The young generation respected the elders and served them with courtesy; the elders took care of the younger generation, but never rigidly restrain them... What a simple relationship between them! It was not polluted by the secular society, as clear as a stream.<br />
<br />
一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
<br />
After a day’s work, the young men and women danced the Elach on the green grass. Joyful drumbeats and the crisp sound of gongs created a distinctive rhythm. The girls formed a queue, stepping gracefully and stretching their soft arms. They had reserved and self-respecting looks with a solemn yearning in the haze. What were they yearning for?<br />
<br />
这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在古老的贝叶经里的传说——从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑娘们生出一计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头一沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
<br />
This was a common dance in the Water-Sprinkling Festival. The Dai editor who accompanied the painter told the painter a legend recorded in the ancient the Pattra-leaf Sutra--once upon a time there was an ugly demon Lord who wanted to take the beautiful girls from each village for himself. He plundered six girls and wanted to take the seventh one, which was hated by the Dai people. The girls came up with a plan to get him drunk and asked him, "What are you most afraid of?" The devil said that he was afraid of nothing. He could only be strangled with his hair, but he could be reborn when his head touched the ground... The girls strangled his head while he was drunk. In order to keep his head from touching the ground, the girls took turns to hold his head in their hands. The annual Water-Sprinkling Festival was to celebrate the people's victory over devilry and to wash away the dirty stains left behind by the demon Lord, so that the spring of freedom and happiness was always in the hearts of the Dai people...<br />
<br />
晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
<br />
At night, the painter returned to the bamboo hut. The moonlight was bright and the shadow of trees was dancing, like flowing mercury pouring in front of the door. On this silent night, he could not sleep for a long time.<br />
<br />
广为流传的神话传说,往往是一个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑海里汇集,逐渐熔化为一团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西双版纳。这是一个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条——单纯与丰富高度和谐地统一!<br />
<br />
Widespread myths and legends were often the windows to the mind of an ethnic group. The story about the origin of the Water-Sprinkling Festival deepened the painter's understanding of this ethnic group who loved beauty. Since he set foot on the land of Xishuangbanna, the mountains, rivers, forests, people and landscapes he saw were like countless colorful light spots, whirling and flickering, gathering in his mind, and gradually melting into a bright flame, which rose from the canopy of thinking. Oh! The master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna, wasn’t the spiritual power of the Dai people to worship a better future and great love? Their hearts were so clean that they always kept their ethnic group’s nature of purity. So, the colorful and vibrant plants, and the natural and simple Dai women with their unique beauty constituted the painter’s general image of Xishuangbanna: "my" own Xishuangbanna. This was a world of lines, soft and elastic lines, unrestrained and smooth lines, upright and beautiful lines, and also tangled and slow lines like gossamers--simplicity and richness were highly harmonious!<br />
<br />
他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的一组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
<br />
He waved lines and made hundreds of line-drawing paintings. If the heavy color painting was compared to the symphony, the line drawing was the solo of lines. Yuan Yunsheng's artistic style, which was formed through years of honing, showed a fantastic charm in the solo of lines. It was a set of passionate sonatas that he dedicated to the Dai people with sincere feelings.<br />
<br />
昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
<br />
Kunming held an exhibition for Yuan Yunsheng. His paintings were delivered to the Yunnan People's Publishing House for selection and editing. The foreword written for him by the editor Liu Shaohui began with a few lines from the Dai folk narrative poem ''The Gourd Letter''.<br />
<br />
公主啊!<br />
<br />
O Princess!<br />
<br />
你是一颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
<br />
You are a brilliant jewel,<br />
<br />
但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
<br />
I wish I were a silversmith,<br />
<br />
把宝石镶在我的心上......<br />
<br />
Setting the jewel in my heart...<br />
<br />
他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
<br />
He praised Yuan Yunsheng for setting the "jewel" of Xishuangbanna in his heart.<br />
<br />
二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
<br />
For more than twenty years, it was the first time Yuan Yunsheng heard an affirmation of his art.<br />
<br />
袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
<br />
During his stay in Yunnan, Yuan Yunsheng constantly received letters from his wife, who told him they were safe.<br />
<br />
兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
<br />
What Lanying said in the letter made the painter felt like drinking a glass of sweet spring water, cool and delicious, soothing and cheerful when he read each letter. At the end of his wife's letters, there were always these lines: "Don't worry about the family. Paint your paintings, and if you can't finish them, you don't have to hurry back..."<br />
<br />
画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
<br />
The painter smiled with relief. During his busy days in Xishuangbanna, his main worry was "the fire in the backyard", but his wife's letter lifted his worries.<br />
<br />
其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
<br />
In fact, it was an eventful year. A wind of earthquakes blew in Changchun, and the whole city was in a panic. People were busy building quake-proof shelters, moving things, and transferring to shelters.<br />
<br />
画家在长春的一个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁愕然了。<br />
<br />
A friend of the painter in Changchun, thinking of the painter's wife and children, rushed to their home to visit. He was stunned.<br />
<br />
这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出一个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗震棚挪动着……<br />
<br />
The humble room was as it had been, and the furniture and sundries were not organized. The children were playing with their heads down. Lanying, bending over and sweating, dragged out a heavy wooden box full of the painter's paintings from the house, and moved it to the nearby quake-proof shelter...<br />
<br />
显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
<br />
Obviously, this was the most precious thing in the heart of the painter's wife. She knew the painter's hardship best, understanding the value of art from the hardships of it.<br />
<br />
朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道。<br />
<br />
The friend's heart trembled with excitement. Lanying still did not tell her husband about this. If his friend had not later recounted the scene he saw, he would never have known.<br />
<br />
壁画之梦 <br />
<br />
The Dream of Murals<br />
<br />
不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。 <br />
<br />
At some point, through the glass window covered with ice flowers, a hazy blue light came in, like a fairy stretching out her white arms and lifting the veil as soft as a dream.<br />
<br />
屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀一样扑朔不定。 <br />
<br />
The room seemed bright and dim, with faint yellow glow of the electric light and murky air around, and the glow fluttered in a haze of smoke like wings.<br />
<br />
他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。 <br />
<br />
He wagged his head vigorously, and rubbed his eyes. The paintings on the table turned into a white mist, rising and spreading. Everything was blurred.<br />
<br />
他搞不清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里…… <br />
<br />
He didn’t know whether he was awake at the moment, or vaguely in a dream...<br />
<br />
昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。一抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从梦境回到了现实的世界。 <br />
<br />
Last night he slept too late and smoked too much. Or rather, he didn't sleep, just lying next to the messy paintings and ashtray full of cigarette butts on the table for a while. When he looked up, it was dawn. The first ray of morning sunlight caressed the buildings in the suburbs of Beijing. He pushed the window open, and let the cold morning breeze chase away the fatigue of the night. He went back from the dream to the real world.<br />
<br />
这是1979年1月,在北京白家庄。 <br />
<br />
It was January 1979, in Baijiazhuang, Beijing.<br />
<br />
袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和工艺美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得到了推荐,也在被邀请之列。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing on his way home from a six-month-long trip to Yunnan. A great joy forced him to stay in Beijing. At that time, the new terminal building of Capital Airport was like a magnificent crystal palace going up in the eastern suburbs of Beijing, equipped with the world's most advanced technology. The spacious and comfortable departure lounges and restaurants, automatic doors, baggage carousels, weight scales with electronic digital display, special quartz clocks made by Seikosha, high-efficiency indoor air conditioning devices, precise navigation and communication systems... They constituted the magnificent air gateway of the capital, whose degree of modernization was unparalleled in China. In today's world, modern architectural design was integrated with exquisite art decoration, and the ancient mural art was revived, accommodating with the development of construction industry based on new industrial technology. People in charge of the capital airport were managers of the new enterprise indeed. They invited more than fifty excellent artists as well as arts and crafts workers, led by Zhang Ding, the dean of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, to create a large modern murals for the terminal building. Yuan Yunsheng, who had been silent for more than two decades, was lucky enough to be recommended and was among the invitees.<br />
<br />
随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使一些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单一些,拿他的话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。” <br />
<br />
With the opening of a crack in the window of ideological liberation in early 1979, the close relationship between literature and art and politics, which was very hot, was gradually adjusted over the years, making some artists calm down. They reconsidered the old and difficult proposition of the relationship between literature and art and politics, and denied the claim that literature and art was subordinate to politics. Their intentions were kind and peaceful, unwilling to use the arrow of art to touch sensitive political issues to avoid being blamed for something other than art; at the same time, they hoped to escape from the influence of the wind change and maintain the relative stability of the range of art, without rising or falling like a floating feather. But Yuan Yunsheng thought more simply, in his words, "Art is art, which needs to be sincere."<br />
<br />
袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节——生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻辑和客观条件应运而生的。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng's large mural design ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', was born based on this simple logic and objective conditions.<br />
<br />
候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的一块地方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴的哲理。他决定抦弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。” <br />
<br />
A large wall of the passenger’s dining room in the terminal, together with a corner, was given to him. What a big space! He stood before the white wall, astonished and delighted, wanting to pour out all the words in the heart to this wall. Artistic creation always spared no effort without reservation to present the most beautiful part of the artist's feelings of the mind. For more than twenty years, the language of art and life he had accumulated resounded in his heart like a surging river, and the unforgettable impression he had from his trip to Xishuangbanna was the climax of the good things and the leaping wave of his whole life experience. At that time, the only subject he thought of was the Water-Splashing Festival. The myths and legends he heard, recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra condensed the emotions like flames, the free imagination and the clear and pure philosophy of the tropical ethnic group. He decided to abandon the conception of genre and narrative paintings and used the lines he had practiced over the years to express the people's desire for a future of freedom and happiness. He said, “It is a pleasant surprise for me to paint a mural praising the spirit and sentiment of the Dai people on a huge wall with 27 meters wide and 3.4 meters high."<br />
<br />
主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知命运如何? <br />
<br />
Artists who advocated art for the sake of politics could also attribute this subject to politics. However, this idea, after all, left the specific political context and contained the deeper and more distant time and space as well as timeless themes. If it was in the past, such an artistic conception would have been intervened by politics and would have been accused of rebelling against orthodoxy. What was his fate this time?<br />
<br />
袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng's brother, Yuan Yunfu, gave him a room in his apartment in Baijiazhuang, which was both a bedroom and a studio. However, the small bed was rarely used. He spread out his sketch and entered a dream, a dream of flowing lines and beautiful colors...<br />
<br />
在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统一。那座大门却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门搏斗,一支接一支地吸烟,一张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。 <br />
<br />
In the dream of art, there were also untold troubles. Apart from anything else, the door in the wall of the dining room was annoying. Originally, the artistic language of mural should be harmonized with the artistic language of architecture. The door, however, divided the wall and become an obstacle to the artistic conception. He spent the whole night fighting with the annoying door, smoking one cigarette after another, and drawing one sketch after another. His brother lived in the room opposite to his room, who could see the light coming from the crack of the door all night long, and the smell of smoke wafted up. And his energy, effort and life were consumed in the light blue smoke. The next day when the door was opened, his face was pale.<br />
<br />
“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。 <br />
<br />
"How can your body stand it!" Yuan Yunfu said.<br />
<br />
“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……” <br />
<br />
"It's doesn't matter." He smiled faintly, "I get used to it..."<br />
<br />
在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出一股韧性。为了重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟此时的心情。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of the elder brother, his younger brother was a completely different people than before. On the night more than twenty years ago, when Yuan Yunsheng told his brother that he was classified as a "rightist” in the same room, his round face was full of innocence, as if he was telling a light anecdote. Now, that face had experienced the hardships and troubles of life, stumbling on the rugged road, and had become angular with a stern look, revealing a resilience. In order to regain this opportunity to create in Beijing, what a price he had to pay! Yuan Yunfu understood his brother's feelings at this time.<br />
<br />
整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法——“拱桥的两头很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》） <br />
<br />
All day long, Yuan Yunsheng locked himself in his room and had a dream of mural. He was inspired by the familar principle of the arch bridge in the suburbs of Suzhou, and found a way to cross the gate -- “The two ends of the arch bridge are very heavy, holding the towering and thin top. It is stable in mechanics, and how beautiful the curve like the rainbow is! The idea of constructing a rainbow of people with the activities of the Dai people is fascinating..." (quoted in ''Art Research'', Issue 1, 1980, Yuan Yunsheng: ''The Dream of Murals'')<br />
<br />
实现这个迷人的想法,真是一项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每一个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了…… <br />
<br />
It was a huge project to realize this fascinating idea. The splendid and colorful images of the Water-Splashing Festival came to his eyes: carrying water, sharing water, splashing water, dancing, boat racing, bathing at night, the quiet family life in the bamboo house of the Dai people and the young men and women who didn’t want to leave with each other in the jungle after dusk... Hundreds of characters appeared under his brush, and each of them was vivid and true. At the same time, it was decorative, exaggerated, personalized, and full of lyricism. The sketch was longer and longer, and the crowds like the rainbow were stretching out. The painter, who was immersed in the frenzy of his creation, seemed to be accompanied by music in his ears. He grasped the brush as if grasping the baton of the symphony orchestra, to express the shifts of melody and rhythm through the flowing lines, and the solemn, fervent and tenaciously upward theme song gradually rose up...<br />
<br />
又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还有灯光。 <br />
<br />
It was another early morning that Yuan Yunfu, who lived in the opposite room, woke up from his sleep and saw the light under the door of his brother’s room.<br />
<br />
这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunfu was also very tired these days. He also participated in the creation of murals at the Capital Airport, painting the first draft of ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan''. If he was exploring the path of art with his experience and artistic accomplishment, his brother was sprinting with his life. Half a month passed, in fifteen days and nights, the light in the opposite room did not go out. What an amazing perseverance! Even the golden stone should cry for his sincerity of the art... <br />
<br />
对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀! <br />
<br />
A light blue smoke was coming from the opposite room with a heavy coughing sound, each hoarser than the last. However, he was still painting, and still smoking incessantly. The coughing sound could be heard without end, and it was heart-wrenching to hear it in the silence before dawn. He was destroying the foundation of his health to build a spiritual building, and the lines on the sketch were clearly the blood streak of life!<br />
<br />
天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休息几天,回长春去过年吧。” <br />
<br />
After dawn, Yuan Yunfu said to his brother, "You probably forget that the day after tomorrow is Lunar New Year's Eve. I advise you to take a few days off and go back to Changchun for the New Year."<br />
<br />
袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用。第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制。” <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng shook his head, “I don’t have enough time. Although the second draft was drawn, but I haven’t had time to copy it."<br />
<br />
“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。” <br />
<br />
"You don’t care about your own body, but you have to think about Lanying.” His brother said. "You have been away from Changchun for more than six months. It is unreasonable for you not to go back for the Spring Festival."<br />
<br />
提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能在家待几天?” <br />
<br />
When it came to Lanying, Yuan Yunsheng was no longer obstinate. On New Year's Eve, he rushed back to Changchun. Lanying asked him, "How many days can you stay at home this time?"<br />
<br />
画家说:“春节一过,还得讨论画稿。这一稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "After the New Year, I still have to discuss the drafts. I have not made a copy of this one yet, so I brought it back home."<br />
<br />
兰英叹了一口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……” <br />
<br />
Lanying sighed, "So, even in the Spring Festival, you still can’t have a good rest..."<br />
<br />
画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "It's not difficult to copy, but it takes time."<br />
<br />
兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?” <br />
<br />
Lanying thought about it, "Well, can I help you?"<br />
<br />
画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。 <br />
<br />
The painter looked at his wife with affection and nodded.<br />
<br />
这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下一个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹…… <br />
<br />
This was the first time that Lanying was directly involved in her husband's artistic creation. At night, they turned on the lamp, set up a glass plate, laid out a translucent copy paper, and copied the painting of the Water-Splashing Festival together. This work, which celebrated the Dai people, also left traces of a Han woman's feelings...<br />
<br />
从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
<br />
From the first to the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, they spent their time in this way. Lanying and the painter stayed up late together.<br />
<br />
忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴云笼罩着...... <br />
<br />
The busy painter did not even notice that Lanying's thin face was more withered, covered by the heavy cloud of illness...<br />
<br />
牛皮纸 <br />
<br />
Kraft Paper<br />
<br />
春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。 <br />
<br />
Just after the Spring Festival, Yuan Yunsheng returned to Beijing with the colored design.<br />
<br />
绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
<br />
Preparations for the mural painting were under way intensely. In order to get the best artistic effect, Capital Airport imported a batch of acrylic paints from Hong Kong. This was a new painting material popular in Europe, America and Japan in recent years. It had bright and soft color, strong covering power, and was suitable for multi-layered sfumato and foil, and maintained the stability of the color of the painting for a long time under various conditions of wetting, drying, hot and cold.<br />
<br />
参加《泼水节——生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
<br />
Lian Weiyun and Fei Zheng, two collaborators who participated in the painting of ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', also arrived in succession. They were both accomplished middle-aged artists. After looking Yuan Yunsheng's design, they were impressed by the charm of the combination of traditional techniques of Chinese painting and western modern art, and were interested in it and eager to have a try.<br />
<br />
脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。 <br />
<br />
The scaffolding was set up and the walls were covered with solid backing cloth. Everything was ready and it was early summer. One day in June, Lanying came to Beijing from Changchun.<br />
<br />
兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的一次妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。 <br />
<br />
This time, Lanying made a special trip to Beijing to see a doctor. In fact, her condition had already been discovered. In a gynecological examination before the Spring Festival, the doctor felt an obvious foreign body in the uterus. Because her husband was away and she needed to take care of the children, her illness had not been treated. Recently, due to the rapid aggravation of her condition, she had to go to a large hospital in Beijing for a diagnosis.<br />
<br />
在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻待在一起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮工。 <br />
<br />
While waiting to see a doctor, Lanying and her husband stayed in a newly built hotel for international flight crews at the Capital Airport. The room was small but comfortable with spring beds, a bathroom, and shutters in the ceiling also indicated that there was air-conditioning equipment. Since her marriage, Lanying had never lived in such a high-class accommodation with her husband. However, the time the couple spent together was still limited. Every day, when the first purple rays of the morning sun came in through the curtains, Yuan Yunsheng turned over and got up, hurriedly wipded the face. The sound of rushing away footsteps could be heard in the corridor. After a busy day, it was already late at night when he returned, covered in sweat and paint, like a house repairman who had just climbed down from the scaffolding.<br />
<br />
好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是出乎意料的,几个月以前的一小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到癌——恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢? <br />
<br />
Finally, it was the day of diagnosis. When Lanying got the diagnosis, moving tired steps out of the hospital, she felt her body and mind sinking downward, as if sinking into a bottomless abyss. The rate of the development of the disease was unexpected, a small foreign body a few months ago had grown into a big lump. Lanying herself was a surgeon, with professional knowledge and clinical experience, who understood the seriousness in the rate of deterioration of the disease. She thought about cancer--malignant cells tended to cause malformed expansion, while benign tumors were relatively steady; if it was not cancer, it was just a fluke. She walked slowly, and her mind was empty, the grey mist floating and sparks of consciousness flickering on and off. She felt painfully, intuitively, that the defenses of her health had been destroyed by everyday’s pressure because of excessive worry and fatigue from chores over the years. Did her lover, her children and everything in the future still belong to her?<br />
<br />
她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了候机大楼,站在脚手架旁…… <br />
<br />
She went back to the airport. The painter could not be found at the accommodation during the day. She stepped across the long asphalt road, entered the terminal building, and stood by the scaffolding...<br />
<br />
大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着一场真正的建设——脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。 <br />
<br />
The lobby was spacious and solemn. The new glass windows reflected the blue sky, and the abundant light rushed in and then spread out, softly scattering on the four walls. Here, in the heat of June, there was a real construction going on--the huge structure of scaffolding climbing up to the roof; on the ground, brushes, palettes and paint buckets were piled up haphazardly, showing how busy the art site was.<br />
<br />
兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在…… <br />
<br />
Lanying looked up and found her husband's figure on the scaffolding. He bent over, holding a brush in his hand, sketching on the wall. His long black hair hang down from his forehead, swinging ceaselessly in the air with his body, as if a cellist holding the bowstring was absorbed in the enchanting music he was playing, and the world around him no longer existed...<br />
<br />
兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,一个艺术赤子的オ华、智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。 <br />
<br />
Lanying stood there dumbfounded. Here and now, perhaps only she could deeply understand her husband's state of mind. From the tiny world of that humble room in Changchun to this grand and spacious lobby, the talents, wisdom and suppressed ambition of a man who was loyal to art broke away from all fetters and poured out. He even wanted to put his hot life into the tip of the brush, pouring, splashing and melting into the picture in front of him.<br />
<br />
墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华! <br />
<br />
Various lines on the wall presented the dense jungle in Xishuangbanna, full of vitality. With the movement of the brush, like the process happened in color developer in the darkroom, the images of several Dai women gradually became clear. Their stretched waists, flexible arms, and action of strong inclination added the sense of motion of the scene of water splashing. Lanying seemed to hear the cheerful rhythm of the small gong and the exciting drumbeat of the elephant-foot drum. The hazy expressions in the women's faces had infinite yearnings. Thus, the dead wall became alive. It was the artist's passion for life was shining, the reproduction of a beautiful vision. The limited life of the artist was sublimated in the meaningful art!<br />
<br />
站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。 <br />
<br />
Standing behind the art stage to see the art was the easiest to touch off the aftertaste of life. <br />
<br />
兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得到了精神的补偿。 <br />
<br />
Lanying felt relaxed, and the heavy feeling like being clogged with lead when she left the hospital was alleviated. Art had already intruded into her destiny, turning her from an outsider into an insider. She got spiritual compensation from the breath of artistic creation.<br />
<br />
这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查有结果了吗?” <br />
<br />
At this time, the painter climbed down from the scaffolding, spotted his wife at a glance, and walked quickly towards her, "Did you get the result of the examination at the hospital?"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说......” <br />
<br />
Lanying said. "Go on with your work. I’ll talk to you when we came back..."<br />
<br />
妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。” <br />
<br />
The peaceful face of his wife reassured the painter. He said, "You should stay in your room and have a good rest."<br />
<br />
“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
<br />
"I'm not tired. Lanying smiled faintly and said with studied casualness, "What can I do for you?"<br />
<br />
Chapter Two<br />
<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对一对画稿上的人物动作。” <br />
<br />
The painter seriously considered for a moment: “Oh, I need you here. Please imitate and check the action of the characters on the sketch for our reference.” <br />
<br />
“好吧。”妻子应允了。 <br />
<br />
"All right." The wife agreed.<br />
<br />
兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容…… <br />
<br />
Lanying made various body movements on the painter’s instructions. Fortunately, she was an active member of the literary and artistic activities twenty years ago with a little dance skills, natural movements, and an ideal slender body. It consumed a lot of time, and the painter looked left and right, directing Lanying's posture while examining the characters on the sketch. For Lanying, who was ill, it was an excessive burden. But she maintained a dignified posture with great endurance, and a serene smile appeared on her pale and tired face...<br />
<br />
几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为一个外科医生,如果给自己开一张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的一桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カ一搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏在心底很久很久了。 <br />
<br />
A few days later, Lanying boarded the northbound train and left Beijing. Her husband went to the station to see her off. Until the moment before her departure, the wife did not tell her husband about her illness. Lanying repeatedly considered the gains and losses. As a surgeon, she would not have hesitated to write “hospitalize immediately and surgically remove" if she had given herself a treatment order. The key to the treating a relentless tumor, whether it was benign or malignant, was to treat it in time.But she thought of her husband, and a wonderful career beyond him. Once she was hospitalized for a major surgery, her husband would not hesitate to accompany her and serve her, because she had no other close relatives in this world. In that way, the painter's work would stop, or at least be influence. Her husband was struggling on the difficult road of art and could not be delayed. Lanying had to give up her treatment, even if it meant the hope of life, in exchange for the extension of the artistic life. This idea, from the day she fell in love with the painter, had been buried in her heart for a long, long time.<br />
<br />
一声长笛,列车开走了,载着一颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾霭中...... <br />
<br />
With a whistle, the train drove away, carrying the heart of an ordinary but great woman, and disappearing in the fog...<br />
<br />
袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,一株热带丛林特有的鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像是在为自己的青春而骄傲…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng and his collaborators worked hard and four months passed. The painting work was coming to an end. Turning a corner of the wall, a view of Xishuangbanna at dusk appeared. In the light blue glow, there was a Passionfora edulis unique to the tropical jungle. Its luxuriant branches and leaves were like a cluster of hydrangea, forming a beautiful screen. Dai girls Girls who took a bath at night, holding a clay pot, poured clear spring water on their body. They wore their long and undulating hair down to the ground, which seemed like the ripples of water flowing from high mountains. After the bath, the girls were combing their long hair with a tender smile on their face, as if they were proud of their youth...<br />
<br />
环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。 <br />
<br />
Surrounding the girl's bodies were a few flowing lines, which were the outline of the clothes that was sketched out in the draft. The painter was still uncertain how to handle them. In the process of painting, the onlookers who came and went through the lobby paid special attention to the girls taking baths at night on the wall, wanting to see whether they would be clothed or not.<br />
<br />
洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。“我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的一种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况他画的是神话传说而不是习俗…… <br />
<br />
It is a common knowledge in life that taking a bath (rather than splashing water) needs to take off clothes. In life, Dai women were more innocent. During the days in Xishuangbanna, the painter bathed many times with Dai men and women at the well and in the Lancang River. They were natural and graceful, treating nudity as a as a creation of nature, so they did not feel it was very mysterious. “I admit that I have more conservative thinking.” Yuan Yunsheng said sincerely, “Because of this, I am more respectful of them.” In the history of painting, the language of nudity was an artistic language with rich expressiveness. Represented by Venus in ancient Greece, it developed into an independent aesthetic category. Similarly, using the language of nudity to express the author's worship of women and the praise for life became necessary for this particular scene in the mural. Not to mention that he painted myths and legends rather than customs...<br />
<br />
看来,画家打错了主意? <br />
<br />
It seems that the painter got the wrong idea?<br />
<br />
在一些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和犯罪搅成一池浑水。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of some people, the style of nude was a “evil custom of barbarians” in the west! The richer the material life of the west was, the poorer the spiritual civilization was to the extent that the body was not covered by clothes. On the contrary, the great revolution of spiritual culture and the great retrogression of material production occurred at the same period in our country. In the past ten years, people’s vision had been highly purified. Chinese women did not even want to wear skirts, cheongsams, or tight-fitting shirts, and wrapped themselves up tightly so as not to show their changeable lines. By doing so, they would not stain the eyes of others and desecrate their bodies. However, treating aesthetics as the result of getting rid of evil concepts did not improve the morality of the society, but brought spiritual impoverishment and degradation. As a result, just like the pure springs turned into muddy currents, art and crime were mixed into a pool of muddy water.<br />
<br />
盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。 <br />
<br />
In the height of summer, when the scene of “bathing at night" stood out, although the images of these young girls were decorative, symbolic and simple, it still caused a stir.<br />
<br />
这并不显眼的一角却引来一批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
<br />
This inconspicuous corner attracted numerous viewers, including curious people, anxious people, passers-by and spectators. People were talking about it in different tones, surprised, harsh or vulgar...<br />
<br />
这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不韪了。如要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的一场争论。 <br />
<br />
It was the first time in years that a nude appeared on modern Chinese murals. The author did a wrong thing that was considered as a big one at the time. If he wanted to solve dispute, it was easy, lifting the brush, smearing a few strokes, and dressing the figures in blouses and skirts, which cost nothing. Then he and his whole family would be blessed and away from misfortune. But he was reluctant to do that. He thought of a controversy in history over the issue of nude art.<br />
<br />
六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的一班轻薄少年、无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军阀败北。 <br />
<br />
Sixty years ago, a group of courageous painters in Shanghai were reviled for using nudity in their teachings and creations. At that time, the newspapers published many critical articles, saying that the painter “offended public decency”, “wanted to make the women of the world into a shameless position" and “broke down the boundaries between Chinese men and women”... And at that time, a group of libertines and loafers in Shanghai took nude photos for sale, which provided handles to trolls. Until the warlord Sun Chuanfang was angered, the painter was wanted by telegram. The painter concentrated all his efforts on rising to the challenge without fear, and wrote articles saying that “Scoundrels made nude photos and obscene picture of prostitutes to attract others for profit, I am very sad... Why Private Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts is blamed? Why I am blamed?” "I advocated that ambition of art shouldn’t be takev away... Although I have to defy all difficulties and dangers, I will never refuse.” The struggle ended in victory for the painter and defeat for the warlord.<br />
<br />
历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的一桩旧案犹未了结。 <br />
<br />
History had gone by more than half a century. Times were different, but an old case in the art world was not settled yet.<br />
<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思想解放!” <br />
<br />
"What we encountered is no longer a body issue.” Yuan Yunsheng said to his companions, “It is related to the ideological liberation of the art world!"<br />
<br />
他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。 <br />
<br />
They insisted on making no changes. This detail in the murals was used as a stone of exploring and was thrown on the path of artistic spring presented in front of them after the smashing of the "Gang of Four".<br />
<br />
舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事…… <br />
<br />
After all, the pressure of public opinion was too great. In order to provide a peaceful environment for the painter to paint, the airport and the construction company were kind to cover up the doors and windows of the lobby while the painting work was still incomplete. Thus, the modernized doors were covered with thick kraft papers produced in the traditional way in China, and the murals painted in imported acrylic paints were hidden in a dull yellow glow of classical colors. The painter was at peace for the moment and went on with their unfinished work...<br />
<br />
不是结尾 <br />
<br />
Not the End<br />
<br />
10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动…… <br />
<br />
One day in late October, the autumn wind swirled yellow sand, sweeping above the streets of Beijing. Yuan Yunsheng walked down the street quickly, facing the wind, and his long and thick black hair fluttering in the wind...<br />
<br />
首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。 <br />
<br />
The painting work of murals at the Capital Airport had been completed. The artists and art workers, led by Zhang Ding, achieved great success. The papers and TV stations published and broadcasted murals with distinctive characteristics and modern style: ''Nezha Conquers the Dragon King'', ''Song of the Forest'', ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan'', ''The Spring of Science'' and ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life''... It was like a hot whirlwind in the art world and society, provoking intense reactions. Before the Fourth Congress of Chinese Writers and Artists, a group of celebrities from the circles of literature and art, theory, architecture, foreign trade and press and publication came to the Capital Airport to attend the unveiling ceremony and congratulate the artists.<br />
<br />
国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人一进入中国就有一个强烈的印象,这种艺术是一个国家国力的象征。” <br />
<br />
They acquired great recognition from foreigners. Foreign friends stood in the lobby of the terminal building, looking around the four walls with appreciative eyes and saying, "Beijing Airport will be famous all over the world for its murals.” ”It gives people a strong impression upon entering China that this art is a symbol of a country's national power."<br />
<br />
日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……” <br />
<br />
Hirayama Ikuo, a famous Japanese painter, also came to visit. He said that Chinese culture had two peaks in history: the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, and he believed that the third peak was coming. He said to Yuan Yunsheng with a smile, "After seeing your murals, I think Xishuangbanna is very beautiful. I really want to change the plan of this trip and go there..."<br />
<br />
这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰一样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔…… <br />
<br />
These days, Yunsheng was very busy. Meeting with foreign guests, accepting interviews and giving speeches on stage filled up his daily schedule. The lonely days were gone, followed by honors, applauses, and toasts, like stepping from the rugged mountain road to the peak full of flowers... He walked on the street, the wind and sand rushing toward him, and his lapel swaying in the wind. At this moment, contrary to the joy brought by the brilliant success, his face was strangely sad and sorrowful, frozen like ice, cold as a rock. It seemed to have infinite remorse in his indifference...<br />
<br />
呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化? <br />
<br />
Oh, what were you doing for? Were you still not satisfied? Or were you still worried about the change of political wind?<br />
<br />
不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着一个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作是坚定正确的表现。 <br />
<br />
No. He was not worried about that. He was confident. For more than twenty years, he had been tenacious exploring towards a set goal with the sincerity of art. He had never been discouraged in the face of any setbacks. He loved the art of the country, and was classified as a "rightist" because he disagreed with Soviet painting theory. But now people who took the same position were seen as having a solid and right performance.<br />
<br />
他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。 <br />
<br />
He loved the watery towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and took a hit for painting the beautiful scenes of the rural market. But now markets all over the country were more prosperous than they were then. Oh life, many things would be changed after thirty years! He no longer believed in temporary and hasty conclusions. His personality and the personality of his art had been strengthened by adversity, becoming independent of the conclusions.<br />
<br />
那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧? <br />
<br />
So, why were you sad? Why were you depressed?<br />
<br />
只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无望,只等待手术的判决…… <br />
<br />
Just because his wife, bosom friend, backer of his career and partner in distress, was lying sickly in the hospital. It was not until a few days earlier that he learned of the illness that Lanying had hidden from him. After four months of suffering from the disease, Lanying's health collapsed! When she left Changchun, her sick body wasted away, with weak spirit and pale and yellow face. Her female companions, who saw her off, could not see any color on her face, took it as their last farewell, breaking down in tears. At this moment, she lay quietly in a hospital in Beijing, and she seemed tired. Once the burden was lifted from her shoulders, she didn’t have words, complaints and hope, only waiting for the verdict of surgery...<br />
<br />
一个人站立起来了,另一个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南去的列车上一见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下一笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。 <br />
<br />
One people stood up, another fell down, and she fell down for him. Since they met on the southbound train, she made too many voluntary sacrifices. If the wife really could never stand up again, then what was the meaning of her husband's success today for her? She was a doctor, a good wife and mother, and a person dedicated to art. Her contributions could never be rewarded, and she could not leave a mark on any art classic, but only painful memories engraved in her husband's heart.<br />
<br />
画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼眶里滚动。 <br />
<br />
The painter ran down the street to the hospital, a storm stirring up in his heart. His eyes were wet, white tears rolling in his eyes.<br />
<br />
他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:一种是诚实的艺术家;另一种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。 <br />
<br />
He thought of the two kinds of people who were closest to art in the wide world. One was the honest artist; the other was the person who did not know art but was pure and simple, such as his lovely wife.<br />
<br />
他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少一些吗?<br />
<br />
They didn’t have other intention, just for art. To recognize their hard work was the minimum to tolerate the existence of art. But they suffered too much beyond art. Couldn’t they suffer less?<br />
<br />
他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。 <br />
<br />
He walked on the street in Beijing, his tearful eyes shining with anticipation.<br />
<br />
后记: <br />
<br />
Postscript:<br />
<br />
本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又过了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世事变迁未可尽述。 <br />
<br />
After this article was published, the heroine recovered after treatment. A few years later, the hero went to the U.S. alone. And many things had changed and it was impossible to mention them all.<br />
<br />
——作者 <br />
<br />
--Author<br />
<br />
（原载《十月》1980年6月） <br />
<br />
(Originally published in ''October'', June 1980)<br />
<br />
==卷一：10.热血男儿Hot-blooded Man==<br />
热血男儿 Hot-blooded Man<br />
<br />
李士非 Li Shifei<br />
<br />
满腔的热血已经沸腾。 <br />
<br />
The hot blood all over the body has been boiling.<br />
<br />
——《国际歌》 <br />
<br />
--''The Internationale'' (Chinese Version)<br />
<br />
一、能见到袁庚吗？ <br />
<br />
I. Can I See Yuan Geng?<br />
<br />
在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天，蛇口工业区和它的领导人袁庚，名扬国内外，越来越引人注目。 <br />
<br />
When the wave of reform is surging today, Shekou Industrial Zone and its leader, Yuan Geng, are becoming more and more famous at home and abroad.<br />
<br />
但是，我接受写袁庚的任务，未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他，手头也没有积累多少关于他的资料，而且听说采访他很困难：他是香港招商局常务副董事长（人们因此亲切地称他为袁董），大部分时间在香港，每到蛇口，都忙得不可开交，实在抽不出时间接受采访。 <br />
<br />
However, it was a bit risky for me to accept the task of writing about Yuan Geng. I had never met him and had not accumulated much information about him, and I heard that it was difficult to interview him: He was the executive vice chairman of China Merchants Hong Kong (so people affectionately called him Chairman Yuan). He spent most of the time in Hong Kong. Every time he came to Shekou, he was too busy and didn’t have time for interviews.<br />
<br />
但是，过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观，听过介绍，看过录像，袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣，接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口来，这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。 <br />
<br />
But after the past several times accompanying writers from other provinces to visit Shekou, listening to the introduction, and watching the video, Yuan Geng and Shekou aroused my strong interest. If I accepted the writing task, I could come to Shekou. The temptation was irresistible.<br />
<br />
”能见到袁庚吗？”“即使见不到袁庚也要写！”所谓“冒险”，无非是写不出或写不好，个人面子不好看罢了，比起袁庚和他的朋友们从事改革所冒的风险，简直是微不足道的。 <br />
<br />
"Can I meet Yuan Geng?" "Even if I can't see Yuan Geng, I’ll still write!" The so-called "risk" simply means that I couldn’t write or couldn’t write well, which would make me look bad. But compared to the risk taken by Yuan Geng and his friends in reform, it was simply insignificant.<br />
<br />
仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气，到这里待一些日子也是值得的。 <br />
<br />
It was worth staying here for a few days just to breathe the air of reform in Shekou.<br />
<br />
“如果你只能待很短的时间，我劝你趁早打退堂鼓，不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意，开弓没有回头箭，退堂鼓是不好打的。 <br />
<br />
"If you can only stay for a short time, I’d advise you to pull back sooner rather than later and don’t make the mistake of a screenwriter again." A kind friend advised me in this way. I appreciated his kindness. But there was no turning back of an arrow once it was shot. It was not easy to pull back.<br />
<br />
二、夜访梁宪 <br />
<br />
Ⅱ. Pay a Call on Liang Xian at Night<br />
<br />
在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口，袁庚出国去了，说是7月底或8月初才能回来。最了解他的一个人，东江纵队时期就和他一起工作，现任蛇口工业区顾问的许智明，到澳大利亚探亲去了，归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同，“时间就是金钱，效率就是生命”，白天工作紧张，找人谈话很难，晚上访问也要事先约定，因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰上袁庚的儿子袁中印，《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意，他马上说：“有什么好写的？这么多人写过了，要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受了乃父的影响，不大欢迎采访。”慢慢来吧，我一定要找你的。”我心里说。 <br />
<br />
It was not easy to interview in Shekou. When I arrived in Shekou in mid-July, Yuan Geng went abroad. I learned that he would be back by the end of July or early August. One of the people who knew him best, Xu Zhiming, who worked with him in the East River Column and was now the counselor of Shekou Industrial Zone, went to Australia to visit his family and his return date was still uncertain. The pace of work here was very different from that of the mainland, where "time is money and efficiency is life." There were many works by day, so it was difficult to find people to have a talk with. Visiting at night also had to be arranged in advance because many formal and informal meetings were held at night. One day I met Yuan Geng's son Yuan Zhongyin in the elevator of the office building. A reporter of ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'', Comrade Chen Yihao introduced my intention of coming here to him, he immediately said, "What is there to write? So many people have written about it. If you want to publish a book, you can collect them." I thought that he was influenced by his father, not very welcome interviews. “Take it a step at a time. I must find you." I said in my heart.<br />
<br />
多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙，约定了一天晚上9点钟去访问工业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人，穿过海滨花园，沐着海风，经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边，漫步走向梁宪的住处。早已听说，他1962年毕业于中山大学外语系，是梁宗岱教授的高足，对法国文学很有研究。果然，一见之下，我就感到他是一个充满艺术气质的人。 <br />
<br />
Thanks to the help of Comrade Huang Hongjian, a female writer and screenwriter of the Pearl River Film Studio who was the deputy director of the office here, we made an arrangement to visit Liang Xian, a member of the management committee of the Industrial Zone, at 9 o'clock one night. Huang Hongjian, Chen Yihao, and I walked through the seaside garden with the sea breeze, passed by Minghua ship of "Sea World” with brilliant light, and strolled towards Liang Xian's residence. I had already heard that he graduated from the Department of Foreign Languages of Sun Yat-sen University in 1962, who was a student of Professor Liang Zongdai and knew a lot about French literature. Sure enough, I felt that he was a man full of artistic temperament at first sight.<br />
<br />
他掏出港币，买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客，然后和我们谈笑风生。 <br />
<br />
He pulled out Hong Kong dollars and bought a few cans of iced Coca-Cola to entertain us, and then talked and laughed with us.<br />
<br />
“你们是文人，我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人，她在中央戏剧学院教书。我对她说：你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的，但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。中国像你们这样的文人太多，像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一句英语，“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙，黄虹坚一时也没反应过来，陈宜浩翻译说：”他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑起来。 <br />
<br />
"You are men of letters, and I’m a businessman. I gave up writing and engaged in business. My wife is also a man of letters, who teaches at the Central Academy of Drama. I said to her: Tang and Song poetry you talk about are very beautiful, but they can't solve the problem of the people's hunger. There are too many literati like you in China, and too few businessmen like me." He suddenly spoke an English sentence to Huang Hongjian, "I will change you into a business woman." I was baffled, and Huang Hongjian didn't understand at the moment, and Chen Yihao translated, "He said he would change you into a business woman.” We all laughed happily.<br />
<br />
梁宪大学毕业的时候，老百姓正在饿肚子，大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法国文学的尖子，后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作，比袁庚晚半年多一点。袁庚很器重他，有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。 <br />
<br />
When Liang Xian graduated from university, people were starving, and probably no unit needed a top student who studied French literature. Then he went to the Ministry of Communications. He was sent to work for the China Merchants Hong Kong in July 1979, more than half a year later than Yuan Geng. Yuan Geng thought highly of him, and some people said that he was Yuan Geng's "think-tank man".<br />
<br />
“我去香港的时候，老婆说：最怕你没骨气，没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是有的，外派干部只要有一点热血，就不是追求几大件，而是感到抬不起头来！ <br />
<br />
"When I went to Hong Kong, my wife said: What I fear the most is that you don’t have the backbone. If you don’t have it, let’s get divorced sooner rather than later. Of course I have it. As long as dispatched cadres have a little passion, they would not pursue some popular household items, but feel embarrassed to keep the head up!”<br />
<br />
“刚到香港，每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐，一串串的，海上漂着偷渡者的尸体，我们不能忍受，啪一声把电视关了。 <br />
<br />
“When I just arrived in Hong Kong, I watched TV every day to see young stowaways in chains of handcuffs, and dead bodies of stowaways floating in the sea. We could not bear it and snapped the TV off.”<br />
<br />
“我们国内建设搞不好，连一些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们，心里真难受呀。所以，我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过：‘我之所以这么干，是为了实现我入党时的初衷。’” <br />
<br />
“When we didn’t do well in nation-building, even some children of dispatched cadres who grew up in Hong Kong also looked down on us. It hurted a lot. So I understand Yuan Geng's mood for engaging in reform. He said, 'I did it because I wanted to realize the original intention when I joined the CPC.'"<br />
<br />
一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿，梁宪又概括地说： <br />
<br />
His words made my heart heavy. After a pause, Liang Xian said in a nutshell:<br />
<br />
“我熟悉的人当中，有两个热血男儿，一个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛，一个就是袁庚！” <br />
<br />
“There are two hot-blooded men in people who I am familiar with. One is my wife’s godfather Liu Rentao, and the other is Yuan Geng!"<br />
<br />
好一个“热血男儿”！这个词太恰当了，把这两个人相提并论太好了，我不禁怦然心动，觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。 <br />
<br />
What a "hot-blooded man"! This word was so appropriate. Comparing these two people was too good. I couldn’t help but feel excited that I thought I found the best way to Yuan Geng's inner world.<br />
<br />
也真巧，比我年长20岁的刘任涛，是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第一流的眼科专家，共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长，曾为刘伯承元帅安过义眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》，改行当了电影编剧，“文化大革命”中在珠影被诬为“历史反革命”，打断五根肋骨，投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动期间，他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明，不顾自己的政治处境，不顾没有任何医疗条件，决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他：“万一失败，你就是阶级报复，就会重进监狱。”他不听，他终于成功了。”作为医生，我拯救了我的灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀，立下遗嘱：死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
<br />
And coincidentally, Liu Rentao, who is 20 years older than me, is my admired elder and friend. This first-rate eye specialist in China was the director of the Shanghai Labor Hospital in the early days of the People’s Republic of China, and once installed a prosthetic eye for Marshal Liu Bocheng. Later, he became a movie scriptwriter after he wrote a movie script Dove of Peace. During the "Cultural Revolution", he was considered as a “pre-liberation counter-revolutionary" in the Pearl River Film Studio. His five ribs were broken and he was put into prison. When he labored under supervision at the "May 7 Cadre School" in Yingde, he saw a rural woman who was blind due to cataracts, and in spite of his political situation and the lack of any medical conditions, he decided to operate on the patient with a razor blade. A kind people advised him, “If you fail, it will be the class revenge and you’ll go back to prison." He didn't listen to it, and he finally succeeded." As a doctor, I saved my soul." Now he was over 70 years old, and he made a will: After his death, he would dedicate his eyes to the Eye Bank of Sun Yat-sen Medical College. Then he ran around and appealed for the restoration and establishment of schools for blind children...<br />
<br />
刘任涛和袁庚，经历和事业完全不同，但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身精神，是多么相似呵！我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚，觉得对袁庚也开始熟悉了。<br />
<br />
Liu Rentao and Yuan Geng had completely different experiences and careers, but they were patriotic and full of passion with the spirit of dedication. How similar they were! I imagined unfamiliar Yuan Geng from familiar Liu Rentao, thinking that I began to get familiar with Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
三、“冒险家” <br />
<br />
Ⅲ. “Adventurer"<br />
<br />
刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障，要冒风险。袁庚在蛇口进行改革，要冒更大的风险：两年之前，不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影地攻击经济特区嘛！ <br />
<br />
Liu Rentao, as a target of dictatorship, it was risky to use a razor blade to cut cataracts for a poor rural woman. Yuan Geng had to take an even greater risk when he carried out a reform in Shekou: Two years ago, someone wrote an article in the newspaper to assail the Special Economic Zone by insinuation!<br />
<br />
但是，时代毕竟不同了，今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月9日，胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区，袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆，和总书记有一段精彩的对话。 <br />
<br />
But times were different after all. Today's reform was carried out under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee. On February 9, 1983, General Secretary Hu Yaobang visited Shekou Industrial Zone. Yuan Geng opened his mind to the General Secretary, having a good conversation with him.<br />
<br />
袁庚：关于改革问题，现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看，凡是搞改革的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法，最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪，改良主义，结果六君子被杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革，我想不会落得前人这样的下场，我们是在党的领导下进行的，不会有问题吧，我们值得冒这个险！ <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: For the issue of reform, we need to carry out comprehensive reform now. Historically, all those who engaged in reforms came to a bad end. Two thousand years ago, Shang Yang carried out reform and was finally put to death. Wang Anshi’s Reform did not end well either. Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao just advocated constitutional monarchy and practiced reformism, but they were all decapitated. Sun Yat-sen’s reform also failed. Now, I think our reform will not end up like the predecessors. We are under the leadership of the Party. There will be no problem, so we are worth the risk!<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：过去的改革是下层少数人去改，领导者、统治者是压制的。现在不同，我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改，现在和过去根本不同嘛！ <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: In the past, the reform was carried out by a few people at the lower level, while the leaders and rulers were repressive. Now is different. Our leaders are taking the lead to call and urge the subordinates to reform. The present is fundamentally different from the past!<br />
<br />
袁庚：我们感到，我们的干部是不大怕群众的，只怕顶头上司，怕上司不喜欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说，我每次来蛇口，一上码头，前呼后拥的，下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒，就会忘乎所以，久而久之，就不怕群众，不怕下级，因为群众、下级撤不了我的职，我只怕交通部，怕顶头上司，只有他们才能撤我的职。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: We feel that our cadres are not afraid of the masses, but only afraid of their superiors, afraid that their superiors do not like them and then they can’t be leaders. As a small leader, every time I came to Shekou, I walked on the pier with many subordinates crowding around, who feared that they didn’t attend me well. Sometimes I was not sober, I would get carried away, and over time, I am not afraid of the masses, and not afraid of subordinates, because the masses and subordinates can’t dismiss me from my post. I am only afraid of the Ministry of Communications, afraid of my immediate superior. Only they can dismiss me from my post.<br />
<br />
所以，群众监督干部，群众有权选举和罢免干部，这至关重要。我们这里想搞个改革试点，管委会由群众选举产生，每年投一次信任票，如果不信任票超过半数，管委会就得改选，个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公开的、直接的，由群众投票选举的领导班子，就会想群众之所想，急群众之所急，就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手，就有人自动送礼上门，如果头脑不清醒，不能自律，就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装懂，诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部，我相信可以改变一下干部的结构和干部的作风。我们想做这样一个不太小的改革，准备冒一点风险。 <br />
<br />
Therefore, it is crucial that the masses supervise cadres and have the right to elect and dismiss them. We want to carry out a pilot reform here. The management committee is elected by the masses, and a vote of confidence is held once a year. If more than half of the people cast votes of no confidence, the management committee will have to be re-elected. If a member got more than half of the votes of no confidence, he will have to step down. This open and direct leading group, elected following a ballot by the masses, will think what the masses think, worry what the masses worry, and will actually do something good for the masses. Because once some leaders have the power in hand, someone will automatically send gifts to them. If their minds are not sober, they can not be self-disciplined, and will get carried away. There are also some cadres who pretend to understand what they don’t know. If the masses have the right to elect and supervise cadres, I believe we can change the structure of cadres and the work style of cadres. We want to make such a not-so-small reform and are prepared to take some risks.<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：（点头）好！很好！ <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: (nodding) Good! Very good!<br />
<br />
袁庚：总书记说了好，我们就记录在案，马上打报告这样做。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: Since General Secretary said good, we will record it, and immediately report and carry out it.<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿，在哪一出戏里我忘记了，讽刺官僚主义者，他不敢骂台上的官，只敢骂戏台上堂前的鼓。有一段唱词说：”一棵大树腹中空，两头都是皮儿绷，每天上堂敲三下，卟咚卟咚又卟咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛！（全场大笑） <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: (happily standing up) We have a famous dramatist named Guan Hanqing in history. In which play I forget, satirizing bureaucrats, he did not dare to curse the leaders on the stage, only dare to curse the drums in the hall on the stage. There is a line in the librettos of the drama that says: "A big tree is hollow in the belly, whose both ends have tight leather. Every day knocked it three times in the hall. Pu dong, pu dong and pu dong (the sound of a drum beating)." That is “not understanding” (the pronunciation of it in Chinese is similar to “pu dong”)! (all of them laughing)<br />
<br />
党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印，想到一块去了，这在蛇口的发展史上，是应当大书特书的。 <br />
<br />
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPC and the Secretary of the Party Committee of Shekou Industrial Zone shared the same thought. It deserved to be written about in the history of Shekou's development.<br />
<br />
1983年4月24日，选举产生了蛇口工业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22日，按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票？ <br />
<br />
On April 24, 1983, a new management committee of Shekou Industrial Zone was elected. On April 22, 1984, a vote of confidence in the management committee was held as scheduled. Was it necessary to hold a vote of confidence?<br />
<br />
组干处处长虞德海说：“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的，信任票不足半数就得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决，一定要搞信任投票。”投票结果，管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数，袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上，全部投票公开，任人查阅，尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐，如“某某能力低”“某某不堪信任”之类，也不加掩饰。 <br />
<br />
Yu Dehai, the director of the Division of Organizing Cadres, said, "Even I was a little hesitant. Because the result of a vote of confidence is to be fulfilled. If a member got less than half of the votes of confidence, he will have to step down. I thought we might as well carry out public opinion polls. But Yuan Dong was very determined to hold a vote of confidence." The result was that the members of the management committee all got more than half of the votes of confidence, and Yuan Geng got the most. That night, all the votes were open for inspection. Although some of the criticism was very sharp, such as "so-and-so has the low ability”, "so-and-so is untrustworthy" and so on, they didn’t hide their real thoughts.<br />
<br />
这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。 <br />
<br />
This was the most important reform of all in the Shekou Industrial Zone.<br />
<br />
四、“那里不肯放，就辞职！” <br />
<br />
Ⅳ. "If They Refuse to Let You Go, You Quit!"<br />
<br />
选举产生领导班子，定期举行信任投票，这是袁庚深思熟虑的一项决定。 <br />
<br />
The leading group was elected and a vote of confidence was regularly held. It was decided after Yuan Geng’s careful consideration.<br />
<br />
他深深感到，不改革干部制度，不改变干部结构，任何改革都无从谈起，“四化”也只是一句空话。 <br />
<br />
He deeply felt that without reforming the cadre system and changing the structure of cadre, no reform could be done, and the "Four Modernizations" was just a hollow phrase.<br />
<br />
有的领导干部，居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人：“你们大学建多大的桥？”问来访的美国客人：“英国人讲英语，你们美国人讲什么语？”还有人向中央领导同志汇报他到香港考察的收获：“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯！”如此等等，令人啼笑皆非。这样的干部，怎能担当建设”四化”的重任！ <br />
<br />
Some leading cadres even asked the visitors from the University of Cambridge in England: “What size of the bridge does your university build?" and asked the visitors from America: "British speak English, and what language do you Americans speak?" Someone reported to the leading comrades of the Central Committee what he had learned from his visit to Hong Kong, “There is a sea change in my mind!" And so on. It was ridiculous. How could such cadres take on the heavy responsibility of building the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地），指挥部只有二十多个干部的时候，袁庚就开始考虑如何培育一支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命化的干部队伍。1981年，他排除阻カ，毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班，从全国各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说，“我是个冒险家，为了蛇口的改革，我从全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。 <br />
<br />
When Shekou was still in the process of “five accesses and one leveling” (access to water, electricity, road, and natural gas, ventilation, and leveling the ground), and there were only twenty cadres in the headquarters, Yuan Geng began to consider how to cultivate a young, knowledgeable, professional and revolutionary cadres troop. In 1981, he removed the obstruction and decided to organize a training course for business management cadres, recruiting graduates who majored in science and engineering from all over the country. In his words, "I am an adventurer, and for the reform in Shekou, I gathered a group of small adventurers from all over the country".<br />
<br />
当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员，委托交通部下属的交通科学院情报所代为主持，在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。 <br />
<br />
At that time, Shekou Industrial Zone did not have the ability to send its own admissions officers, so it entrusted the Institute of Information of the Academy of Transportation Science under the Ministry of Communications to be in charge of the first exam in Wuhan. The first person to enter the examination room was Wang Chaoliang, an engineer of the Ship’s Hull Laboratory of the Yangtze River Shipping Scientific Research Institute under the Ministry of Communications.<br />
<br />
王潮梁1938年出生于江苏无锡，1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计专业。早在1958年，他就参考外国的资料，在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫原理，并和同学们一道造出了样品，在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是，在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年代，几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机工厂飞机设计室任产品主管设计员，那时生产要听驻厂军代表的，而军代表只相信苏联专家和苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料，翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂，即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂，也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚子气，却毫无办法。岁月如流，王潮梁搞了17年飞机设计，却看到我们的飞机工业比印度还落后；又研制了四年的飞翔船，却看不到一艘飞翔船下水，那种壮志难酬的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会，唯一的名额给了业务上根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培训班招生的广告时，他兴奋极了，“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方，去！”立刻把广告剪下来，郑重地贴在本子上。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province in 1938, and graduated from the Department of Aircraft of Northwestern Polytechnic University with the major of aircraft design in 1960. As long ago as 1958, he was the first person in China to study the principle of air cushion of hydrofoils by referring to foreign materials, and built a sample together with his classmates, which was performed on the Weiming Lake of Peking University. At that time, the British were only half a year ahead of them in their research on hydrofoils. However, in this age when "steel-making" was more valued than scientific research, the research of these few young boys was doomed to failure. After graduation, he was assigned to the aircraft design office of an aircraft factory as a design supervisor. At that time, production had to follow the resident military representatives in the factory, who only trusted Soviet experts and Soviet drawings. For example, it was required to use Ural wood for a certain propeller, and Ukrainian sand for molding. Even if China had better wood and better sand, it was not allowed to change. Wang Chaoliang, who was the new kid on the block, was very angry, but he could do nothing. As the years passed quickly, Wang Chaoliang engaged in aircraft design for 17 years, but saw that our aircraft industry even lagged behind that of India; and he developed a hydrofoil for four years, but could not see a hydrofoil launched. The pain of being difficult to fulfill his aspirations tormented his ambitions. There was an opportunity for a study tour to the Federal Republic of Germany, and the only place was given to the daughter of a minister who was nothing compared to him in the business. When he saw a recruitment advertisement for a training course for business management cadres in Shekou Industrial Zone in the newspaper, he was excited, "Shekou is a place where you have to build a career by your own ability. Go!" He immediately cut out the advertisement and stuck it solemnly on the notebook.<br />
<br />
他第一个走进考场，第一个走出考场。笔试、面试，成绩优良。主持考试的情报所林鸿慈同志下了结论：这是个人才，录取！ <br />
<br />
He was the first to enter and the first to leave the examination room. He got good grades on written examination and oral examination. Comrade Lin Hongci of the Institute of Information, who was in charge of the examination, concluded: This is a talent. Accept!<br />
<br />
但是，在中国有一个很大的矛盾：生产资料是全民所有制，干部却是单位私有制。一个单位可以把一个或一批人才冷藏一辈子。 <br />
<br />
However, there was a big contradiction in China: The means of production were owned by the whole people, but the cadres were privately owned by units. A talent or a group of talents could be shelved by a unit for life.<br />
<br />
长江航运科研所不肯放人。 <br />
<br />
The Yangtze River Shipping Scientific Research Institute refused to let him go.<br />
<br />
1981年11月，袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他，向他汇报了招生的情况，特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。 <br />
<br />
In November 1981, Yuan Geng was hospitalized in Guangzhou. Lin Hongci visited him in the Eastern District of Guangdong Provincial Hospital and reported to him about the enrollment situation, especially about the problem of Wang Chaoliang.<br />
<br />
袁庚很激动。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was very excited.<br />
<br />
“小王是不是党员？” <br />
<br />
"Is Wang a member of the CPC?"<br />
<br />
“不是。” <br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量，开个头，那里不肯放，就辞职！我这里收。最多就是人家去告状，最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先例。告到国务院，我们就把这个同志的情况报上去，中央领导会支持我们。新华社社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开‘干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人在单位不充分发挥作用，又不让调，这个局面不打开是不成的！” <br />
<br />
“It is less difficult to solve if he is not a member of the party. I don’t know if he has the guts to set a precedent. If they refuse to let you go, you quit! I’ll accept you. The most they can do is to complain to superior authorities, and finally to the State Council. I hope one or two comrades will set the precedent. If they complain to the State Council, we will report the situation of this comrade, and the leaders of the Central Committee will support us. Comrade Zeng Tao, the president of Xinhua News Agency, hoped that we could break the 'private ownership of cadres'. Now the problem of brain waste is too serious. People does not play a full role in the unit, and not allowed to transfer. This situation must be changed!"<br />
<br />
林鸿慈被袁庚打动了，写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁，同时通过各种渠道去做说服、疏通工作。终于，用不着王潮梁辞职，单位同意放人了。1982年，王潮梁来到蛇口工业区。 <br />
<br />
Lin Hongci was impressed by Yuan Geng, wrote a letter to tell Wang Chaoliang the content of this conversation, and persuaded Wang’s unit and reconciled the two sides through various channels. Finally, Wang Chaoliang didn’t need to resign, and the unit agreed to let him go. In 1982, Wang Chaoliang came to Shekou Industrial Zone.<br />
<br />
五、企业管理研究生 <br />
<br />
V. Graduate Student Majoring in Business Management<br />
<br />
1982年12月的一天晚上，一个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
<br />
One night in December 1982, a young man in his thirties arrived at Yuan Geng's home in Xiyuan, Beijing.<br />
<br />
这是一次事先约定的会见。 <br />
<br />
It was a pre-arranged meeting.<br />
<br />
年轻人叫余昌民，刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生，工作了八九年，深感中国企业管理的弊病太多，1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。 <br />
<br />
The young man named Yu Changmin, was one of the first group of graduate students in the Department of Business Management at Tsinghua University and just graduated. He was originally a graduate of the Department of Electrical Engineering at Tsinghua University, majoring in Automation. After working for about nine years, he felt that there were too many drawbacks in Chinese business management. In 1979, he returned to Tsinghua University to study for an MBA degree.<br />
<br />
1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年，专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息，《读卖新闻》为此发了专稿，登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了，干什么好呢？ <br />
<br />
In 1980, Yu Changmin went to Japan to study further for a year, specializing in Japanese business management. The Japanese took it as important information, and the ''Yomiuri Shimbun'' published a special article with his picture. Now that Yu Changmin had graduated, what job should he do?<br />
<br />
学校建议他到国家经委属下的中国企业研究协会去，这当然是个专业对口的美差，但是在武汉工作的爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候，蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。 <br />
<br />
The university suggested him to go to the Chinese Association for Enterprise Research under the Chinese National Economic Council, which was a good job in line with his specialty, but it was difficult for his lover who worked in Wuhan to transfer to Beijing. At this time, the wind of the reform in Shekou came to his ears.<br />
<br />
他每星期上街去买《深圳特区报》，得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝，如饥似渴地加以研究。不难判断，蛇口工业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去！决心下定了，系里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会，经朋友介绍，他就来登门拜访了。 <br />
<br />
He went out to buy the ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'' every week. When he got a copy of the earliest ''A Brief Introduction of Investment'', he regarded it as a treasure, and studied it hungrily. It was not difficult to judge that Shekou Industrial Zone was the ideal place to realize his aspirations. Go to Shekou! He made the decision and was supported by the department. Now Yuan Geng was in Beijing for a meeting, so he came to visit him by recommendation of a friend.<br />
<br />
会面的一瞬间，两个人互相观察了一下。 <br />
<br />
At the moment they met, the two men observed each other.<br />
<br />
“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗？穿件中式棉袄，和一般的老干部没啥差别，不是想象中的那个改革家的模样，而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真的值得？” <br />
<br />
"Is this the famous reformer Yuan Geng? Wearing a Chinese cotton jacket, he is no different from ordinary old cadres, not the reformer’s appearance I imagined. And I heard that he is poorly educated... Is it really worth it to work with him?"<br />
<br />
真正的一闪念，没容余昌民多想，袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
<br />
When this really sudden idea did not allow Yu Changmin to think more, Yuan Geng had already enthusiastically offered his seat and poured tea.<br />
<br />
谈话开门见山。 <br />
<br />
The conversation came straight to the point. <br />
<br />
“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里？” <br />
<br />
"What do you think is the fatal problem in China’s economy?"<br />
<br />
“在于体制。” <br />
<br />
"It lies in the system."<br />
<br />
“对了！”袁庚兴奋起来，侃侃而谈，”上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦，说他们要一千人，劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用，那七百是搭配的闲人，你再要，就再搭配，再多余，反正是大锅饭，大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了，还说这是社会主义的优越性！这样，工厂冗员越来越多，工厂成了小社会，在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的，形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ，败坏着我们的民族素质！这样的体制不改革，我们就没有出路！” <br />
<br />
"That's right!" Yuan Geng got excited, and spoke with fervor and assurance, "A director of a shipyard in Shanghai once complained to me, and said they wanted a thousand people, but they needed only three hundred people among the people the labor department allocated, and the other seven hundred people were ideal workers. If they asked for it again, they would be allocated again, then there were more redundant workers. They had to get equal pay anyway. They only needed to be paid in a muddle and said this was the superiority of socialism! In this way, there were more and more redundant workers in the factory. The factory became a small society, where the lazy workers exploited the hard-working workers, forming a terrible social habits force, which corrupted our national quality! If such a system is not reformed, we have no way out!"<br />
<br />
“我的一篇论文，提出了企业的素质问题。” <br />
<br />
"I have a paper that raises the issue of the quality of business."<br />
<br />
“有何高见？” <br />
<br />
"What’s your opinion?"<br />
<br />
“素质，好比基本作用，像女排，形成了她们的基本作风，就有战斗カ。” <br />
<br />
"Quality is like the basic role. For example, the women's volleyball team has formed their basic style, so they are effective.<br />
"<br />
“就把一个企业比作球队吧，假如你是教练，别人随便塞人给你，你怎么办？” <br />
<br />
"Let's compare an enterprise to a team. If you are the coach, what do you do when someone foists a player on you?"<br />
<br />
“我不要。” <br />
<br />
"I will not take it."<br />
<br />
“不要不行！” <br />
<br />
"No, you must take it!"<br />
<br />
“那我不干。” <br />
<br />
"I will disagree with it."<br />
<br />
“对了，就得这样。” <br />
<br />
"That's right. That's how it should be."<br />
<br />
一老一少，越谈越投机，彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处一闪而过的那点疑虑也完全打消了。 <br />
<br />
An old man and a young man, the more they talked, the happier they were, who both felt close to each other. The doubt that flashed through Yu Changmin’s deep heart was completely dispelled.<br />
<br />
“我们这里可要冒点风险。” <br />
<br />
"We have to take some risks here."<br />
<br />
“正因为这样オ要去，建设好了还去干什么？” <br />
<br />
"That's why I want to go there. If it has been built, why do I go there?"<br />
<br />
“你个人有什么要求？” <br />
<br />
"What are your personal requirements?"<br />
<br />
“只要求家属一起去。” <br />
<br />
"I only ask that my family can go with me."<br />
<br />
“这个我们来办。” <br />
<br />
"We will deal with that."<br />
<br />
两个月后，余昌民父亲去世，回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化，系里要留他。企业管理系刚刚建立，工作需要，理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚飞往蛇口，收不回来了。 <br />
<br />
Two months later, Yu Changmin's father died and he came home to the funeral. At this time the school's attitude changed and the department wanted to keep him. The Department of Business Administration had just been established and the work needed him. The reasons were good. But Yu Changmin's heart had already flown to Shekou with Yuan Geng and could not be retrieved.<br />
<br />
1983年3月，袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客，系里派余昌民随行。系领导的目的，是让校长对余昌民有个印象，说服他留下来，同时出面解决他家属的户ロ问题。 <br />
<br />
In March 1983, Yuan Geng invited Liu Da, the president of Tsinghua University, to Shekou, and the department sent Yu Changmin to accompany him. The purpose of the department leaders was to give the president an impression of Yu Changmin, persuade him to stay, and solve his family member’s problem of household registration.<br />
<br />
谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口，袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有，余昌民暗示要做刘达的工作。 <br />
<br />
But it backfired. Once Liu Da and his party arrived in Shekou, Yuan Geng asked Yu Changmin if the transfer had been finalized, and Yu Changmin hinted that he had to do something to persuade Liu Da.<br />
<br />
余昌民再一次请求：”校长，让我来蛇口吧。” <br />
<br />
Yu Changmin asked him again, “President, let me come to Shekou."<br />
<br />
“系里要我帮忙留你，我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。 <br />
<br />
"The department asked me to help to keep you, and I promised it." President Liu looked confused.<br />
<br />
袁庚一再要求支持：”刘达同志，把小余给我们吧，我们迫切需要企业管理的专门人才。” <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng repeatedly asked for support, "Comrade Liu Da, give us Yu. We urgently need a specialist in business management."<br />
<br />
刘达心动了。这位参加过“一二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
<br />
Liu Da was moved. The old comrade who participated in the “December 9th" Movement, was known for “covering up for intellectuals” as early as 1957 when he was the head of the Department of Forestry. He fully understood the need of Shekou and Yuan Geng and Yu Changmin's feelings. But he had to respect the department leaders and promised to solve the solution with the department when he went back.<br />
<br />
回去后，余昌民给系里写了报告，对系里的教育培养表示感谢，说明清华企业管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设，这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都至关重要。 <br />
<br />
When they went back, Yu Changmin wrote a report to the department, expressing his gratitude for the department's education and training, and explaining that the Department of Business Administration at Tsinghua University needed to agree its own graduates to participate in the construction of Shekou, which was crucial for the school’s research and information sources in the future.<br />
<br />
问题迎刃而解。7月，夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。 <br />
<br />
The problem was solved. In July, the procedures of the couple’s transfers were both completed.<br />
<br />
当余昌民到工业区大楼报到的时候，在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口，边走边说：”你是研究企业管理的，你先熟悉一下情况，有把握了再谈工作……” <br />
<br />
When Yu Changmin reported to the Industrial Zone building, he met Yuan Geng outside the building door. Yuan Geng affectionately took his hand and walked from the door to the elevator, saying, “You study the business management. You can familiarize yourself with the situation at first, and then talk about work when you get familiar with it."<br />
<br />
袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信，其中有一段话： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng also wrote a letter of thanks to Liu Da, which included a paragraph:<br />
<br />
关于小余的事，同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失一小余，无妨大局，蛇口得之，如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下，工业区将受其惠。 <br />
<br />
On the matter about Yu, the comrades admire your selflessness so much. Losing Yu couldn’t affect the general situation for Tsinghua, but Sheko will be better after having him... Tsinghua has students all over the world, and the industrial zone will be benefited from it.<br />
<br />
重感情的刘达，把这封信送给了余昌民，让他留作永久的纪念。 <br />
<br />
Liu Da, who valued the relationship, gave this letter to Yu Changmin, letting him keep it as a permanent memorial.<br />
<br />
六、星期天的早晨 <br />
<br />
Ⅵ. Sunday Morning<br />
<br />
星期天早晨8点钟，顾立基刚起床，洗了脸，正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的，大家都熬了夜，现在让他们多睡一会儿吧。顾立基轻手轻脚，唯恐弄出一点声音来。 <br />
<br />
At 8 o'clock on Sunday morning, Gu Liji just got up, washed his face, and was cooking instant noodles. The other four students in the same room were still sleeping soundly. They could turn off the lights late on Saturday night, and everyone stayed up all night, so let them get more sleep now. Gu Liji was cautious, lest he made a little noise.<br />
<br />
“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗？” <br />
<br />
"Excuse me, does Comrade Gu Liji live here?"<br />
<br />
门外传来一个声音。顾立基一看，走廊上站着一个六十多岁的老人和一个姑娘。 <br />
<br />
A voice came from outside the door. Gu Liji saw an old man in his sixties and a girl standing in the corridor.<br />
<br />
“我就是顾立基，您是？” <br />
<br />
"I am Gu Liji, and may I know who you are?"<br />
<br />
“我是袁庚，蛇口的袁庚。”老人首先伸出手来，“这是我女儿尼亚，她不放心我的身体，一定要陪我来，其实我的身体还可以。你看，骑了半小时车子，轻松愉快。” <br />
<br />
"I'm Yuan Geng, Yuan Geng from Shekou." The old man first extended his hand, "This is my daughter Nia. She is worried about my health, and she must come with me. But I’m okay. You see, it’s easy and pleasant to ride the bike for half an hour.”<br />
<br />
顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 <br />
<br />
Gu Liji never dreamed that the famous Yuan Geng would come to the dormitory of Tsinghua University to see him.<br />
<br />
他深受感动。 <br />
<br />
He was deeply moved.<br />
<br />
“我们到楼下谈吧，同学们还在睡觉。” <br />
<br />
"Let's talk downstairs. The students are still sleeping."<br />
<br />
楼下有一张靠背长椅，三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨，不冷不热，阳光和煦，轻风拂面，校园一片宁静的气氛。 <br />
<br />
There was a bench downstairs, and the three of them sat down side by side. In the morning of May, it was not cold or hot, the sun was warm, with a refreshing breeze blowing, and the campus was in a peaceful atmosphere.<br />
<br />
“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会？” <br />
<br />
"I heard that you organized an association of enthusiasts of business management?"<br />
<br />
“是的，现在会员有一千多人了，成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。” <br />
<br />
"Yes. There are more than a thousand members now, and Liu Da and Yu Guangyuan both came to attend the founding meeting."<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长？” <br />
<br />
"I also heard that you want to be the factory director?"<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊，”顾立基笑了，“我是说过想当厂长，为此还惹过一些麻烦呢。” <br />
<br />
"You're well informed," Gu Liji laughed, "I did say that I wanted to be the factory director, and I got into some trouble for that."<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦？” <br />
<br />
"What kind of trouble?"<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。” <br />
<br />
"Someone said I was ambitious."<br />
<br />
“岂有此理！想当个厂长是什么野心！‘不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’，这是拿破仑说的还是谁说的？一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对！” <br />
<br />
"It is nonsense! What kind of ambition is it to want to be a factory director? 'A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier', was said by Napoleon or others? There's nothing wrong with a college student wanting to be a factory director!"<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的，但是我感到中国更需要管理人才，所以主动旁听了企业管理系研究生的全部课程。” <br />
<br />
"I majored in computer science, but I felt that China needed management talents more, so I actively sit in on all the courses that graduate students of the Department of Business Administration took as an observer".<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧，我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班，要培养大量的管理人才。” <br />
<br />
"Go to Shekou. We have a training course for business management cadres, and we have to train a large number of management talents."<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像，我的心就动了，只是还没下定决心。” <br />
<br />
"When I saw a video about Shekou last November, my heart moved, but I just hadn’t made up my mind yet."<br />
<br />
“现在呢？” <br />
<br />
"And now?"<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了，去蛇口。” <br />
<br />
"Now I've made up my mind to go to Shekou."<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗？” <br />
<br />
"Good! We welcome you! Do you have any difficulties?"<br />
<br />
有什么困难？1982年的初夏，社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的，有人在报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界，影射特区有变成租界的危险，造成一股无形的压力，因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些，可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的人在一起，冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去，下属工厂任他挑选，这些，对他有一定的吸引力。他自从1967年中学毕业，1968年进上海印染机械修配厂，十年中当过锅炉工、车工、錠工、钳工、电工，当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为，1974年顾立基和他们争吵过一次，挨了批斗，却受到工人们的同情，和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要毕业了，朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查，他是材料组的负责人，如果不来上大学，早就走上领导岗位了，现在回去，工作安排是不成问题的。但是，陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大，他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的是，母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房，姐妹们都在外地，母亲希望他留在身边，爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
What were the difficulties? In the early summer of 1982, there was still a lot of criticism in society about the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. Some people wrote articles in the newspapers about foreign settlements in old China, insinuating that the Special Economic Zone was in danger of becoming a foreign settlement, which created an invisible pressure, so some people said "the future of the Special Economic Zone is uncertain”. These could be disregarded. Gu Liji wanted to be with someone like Yuan Geng, and it was worth the risk. The company in Shanghai wanted him to go back, and the subordinate factories could be selected by him, which had a certain appeal to him. He graduated from high school in 1967, and joined the Shanghai Printing and Dyeing Machinery Repair Factory in 1968, and worked as a boilermaker, lathe worker, ladle man, bench worker, electrician, and full-time secretary of the Youth League general branch for ten years. Because he did not like the bad things done by the factory rebel group which was controlled by Wang Hongwen's little brothers, Gu Liji quarreled with them in 1974 and then was criticized, but was sympathized by the workers, who established a deep relationship with them. Now he was about to graduate from college, and his friends wanted him to go back. If he had not come to college, he would have taken a leading position. After the “Gang of Four" was smashed, the factory checked the people involved. He was the person in charge of the material group. If he didn't go to university, he would have been a leader. If he went back now, the working arrangement was not a problem. However, the unfamiliar Shekou was more attractive to him than the familiar Shanghai, so he still wanted to choose Shekou. The trouble was that his mother and lover did not agree with him leaving Shanghai. Shanghai had spacious housing. His sisters were abroad, so his mother wanted him to stay around, not to mention his lover's attachment to Shanghai. This was also human nature.<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。 <br />
<br />
"I have to convince my mother and my lover." Gu Liji was embarrassed to say with a smile.<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口，使他动了感情，他滔滔不绝地发起议论来。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng could understand and believe in young men very much. Gu Liji resolutely chose Shekou, which moved him, and he talked volubly. <br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办一个工业区呢？为了在那块地方搞改革，搞全面的改革，从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度，都要改，不改就没有出路。过去三十年，极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候，海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体，都是青年，他们为什么要跑？因为我们穷！ <br />
<br />
"Your choice is right. Shekou has ample scope for your abilities. Why do we want to run an industrial zone in Shekou? In order to carry out a reform in that area, to carry out a comprehensive reform, from business management, and personnel system to the wage system, all have to be changed. Without change there is no way out. Over the past 30 years, we have suffered from the thought of the extreme 'left’ and the rigid system. When we first arrived in Shekou in early 1979, the bodies of stowaways were found in the bay, which were all young people. Why did they run away? Because we were poor! <br />
<br />
“‘四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’，越搞跑的人越多。一些村子的青壮年几乎跑光了，真叫人欲哭无泪！蛇口对面就是香港的元朗，相隔只有6000米，晴天能看到它的高楼，它就是在我们‘十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了，必须把经济搞上去，这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公里，对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛，我们改革成功了，对全国就有很大的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛，无伤大局。当然，我们一定要尽最大的努力，争取成功，避免失败。我们这一代人是老了，当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时候，时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……” <br />
<br />
"Why did the 'Gang of Four' conduct 'Political frontier defense’. More people ran away. Some of the young and strong people of the village almost ran away. It really made us want to cry! Across the sea from Shekou is Yuen Long in Hong Kong, only 6,000 meters apart. We can see the tall buildings there on a clear day. It was developed during our 'Ten Years of Turmoil'. We can't do meaningless things anymore. We must increase the economy, so we must reform the backward system. Although Shekou Industrial Zone is only 2.14 square kilometers, which is just a drop for the country's 9.6 million square kilometers. If our reform is successful, it will be of great significance to the country. If we fail, it is also a drop in the bucket, which doesn't affect the whole. Of course, we must do our best to strive for success and avoid failure. Our generation is old, and we don't have much time when we realize that we have to do something. So hope is pinned on you..."<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动，身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚，望着自己的父亲，眼睛也有点热了…… <br />
<br />
Gu Liji felt his blood flowing faster and his body was very hot. Nya, who had not made a sound, looked at his father and his eyes also felt a little hot...<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会 <br />
<br />
VII. Press Conference<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来，当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书，1984年4月被聘为办公室主任。 <br />
<br />
After Gu Liji came out of the training course, he worked as the industrial zone office secretary for a period of time and was hired as the office director in April 1984.<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚，因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口，听说顾立基6日一早要去香港，5日晚我去登门拜访。 <br />
<br />
I didn't see Yuan Geng in July and returned to Guangzhou for business. I returned to Shekou on August 5, and heard that Gu Liji was going to Hong Kong early in the morning on the 6th. I came to visit him on the evening of the 5th.<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告，我为了听这个报告，推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的，谁都可以听，欢迎你去。”一见面顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。 <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng is back in Hong Kong and will return to Shekou tomorrow afternoon. He will give a report at 7:30 p.m. in the club auditorium. I postponed my trip to Hong Kong for a day in order to listen to this report. The report was public that anyone can listen to it. Welcome to listen." As soon as we met, Gu Liji told me the good news.<br />
<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗？” <br />
<br />
"Could he have time to talk to me?"<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难，他在蛇口不会待太久，一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告，你最好陪他回宿舍——他儿子的住处，或者宾馆，这样边走边谈，可以谈十来分钟……” <br />
<br />
"I'm afraid it's difficult. He won't stay long in Shekou and has many things to deal with once he returns. After hearing the report tomorrow, you'd better accompany him back to his dormitory--his son's residence, or the hotel, so that you can talk for ten minutes while walking..."<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗？ <br />
<br />
I was a little disappointed. Was Yuan Geng really so hard to see?<br />
<br />
不管怎样，先听听他的报告再说吧。 <br />
<br />
Anyway, listened to his report first.<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半，袁庚的报告准时开始。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng's report began on time at 7:30 p.m. on August 6.<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影，大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。今天这个会也叫新闻发布会，街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂，基本上坐满了，放眼望过去，都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。 <br />
<br />
The club's auditorium was usually used to show movies, and large-scale rallies and press conferences were sometimes held here. Today's meeting was also called a press conference, and there were posters on the street. The auditorium, which could accommodate over a thousand people, was almost full. Looking around, there were all young and happy faces. <br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上，顾立基主持大会。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng and the manager of the China Merchants Hong Kong Development Department Xiong Bingquan, who visited abroad with him, sat on the rostrum while Gu Liji presided over the conference.<br />
<br />
一开始，袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说： <br />
<br />
At the beginning, Yuan Geng laughingly shook two sheets of paper and said:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕，只讲个把钟头。” <br />
<br />
"Don't be afraid, everyone. I only speak for one or two hours."<br />
<br />
人们笑了，其实怕的是他讲得太短。 <br />
<br />
People laughed. They were actually afraid that he spoke too short.<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问，历时23天，访问了4个国家、16个公司、18个城市，从新加坡开始，往西到英国，再到美国、日本，整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处，受到隆重的、破格的接待，我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们四个人，而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化，在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到做蛇口人的光荣。” <br />
<br />
"This trip abroad lasted 23 days, and visited 4 countries, 16 companies, and 18 cities, starting from Singapore, west to the United Kingdom, and then to the United States, Japan, going around the world. Everywhere we went, we received a grand and exceptional reception, which I have never received as a diplomat. This is not because people value the four of us, but because of the changes in China Merchants Group and Shekou Industrial Zone. All of you have contributed. I deeply appreciate the honor of being a Shekou people."<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张，出国访问要花自己的钱，花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、软弱的地位。这次出访，他们带了20万美金的信用卡，足够用了，所到之处都坚持这个原则，唯独在新加坡失灵了。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng always advocated that he needed to spend his own money on overseas visits. Spending other people's money would put him in a passive and weak position in negotiations. On this trip, they brought $200,000 in credit cards, enough to use. He adhered to this principle everywhere he went, except in Singapore.<br />
<br />
那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系，但新加坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检，从飞机场一直送到最高级的香格里拉大酒店，袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前，这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫人；在他之后，住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨），每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观什么项目，全部满足要求。 <br />
<br />
At that time we didn't have diplomatic relations with Singapore, but the relevant party in Singapore was very friendly. They were exempt from customs inspection, and were sent from the airport to the top-class Shangri-La Hotel, where Yuan Geng was put in the most luxurious "presidential suite" (before him, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher stayed here; after him, U.S. Secretary of State Schultz lived), with a daily room rate of HK$5,000. Their all requirements are met, no matter what they wanted to visit.<br />
<br />
临走结账时，酒店经理说：“在你们到来之前，已经有人付了全部费用。” <br />
<br />
When they checked out before leaving, the hotel manager said, "Someone had already paid the full cost before you came."<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁，英国老板们在海员罢工浪潮的冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们，给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说：“我们原打算3年之内种植20万株月季，把蛇口建成玫瑰之城，现在看来太落后了……” <br />
<br />
They visited Aberdeen, the logistical base of the North Sea Oil Field in Britain. They were impressed by the warm and courteous reception that they received from British bosses who were under the impact of the wave of seamen's strikes. They were equally impressed by the boundless blooming roses in the north of England." We originally planned to plant 200,000 China roses in three years to turn Shekou into a city of roses, but now it seems too far behind..." Yuan Geng said.<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国，主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。 <br />
<br />
The visit focused on the United States, and the main task was to sign a contract for the introduction of a float glass factory.<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡，大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。 <br />
<br />
In Pittsburgh, the Greater Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce honored Yuan Geng as an honorary member.<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔，华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民，交给他一把金钥匙。女市长在宴会上说：“我是百分之百的中国人，也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说：“我很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判，就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过，”在经济问题上，兄弟无情，六亲不认！何况是与外国人谈判！” <br />
<br />
In Montreal, the American Chinese mayoress, Lily Lee Chen, declared Yuan Geng an honorary citizen and handed him a golden key. The mayoress said at the banquet, "I am 100 percent Chinese and 100 percent American." Yuan Geng said, "I appreciate her words." The negotiations about the introduction of the float glass factory were not so easy. Yuan Geng said, "In economic matters, I am ruthless to brothers and place righteousness above family loyalty! Not to mention that I am negotiating with foreigners!"<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前，有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过的曲折。 <br />
<br />
Before appreciating Yuan Geng's art of negotiation, it was necessary to review the twists and turns at home to introduce the factory.<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。 <br />
<br />
let's use Yuan Geng's words to illustrate the point.<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日，袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说： <br />
<br />
On March 22, 1984, Yuan Geng said in a speech to the students of the third training course for business management cadres:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件，大家听了很高兴，但我们不要高兴得过早。不要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了，但官僚主义、红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事，还是有的。例如我们正在谈判的浮法玻璃厂，到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃，为什么不准我们用最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ？最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局交涉。她们去的时候，人家一口答应，讲你们回去好了，但等我们企业室派人带合同去盖章的时候，又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干，他们讲：‘你们派了记者、作家来，我敢不答应吗？弄得不好，你们要写报告文学，写内参，我受得了吗’？……” <br />
<br />
"The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a document on March 10. We are very happy to hear it, but we should not be happy too early. Do not think that everything is solved after they said something. The previous open challenges may be gone, but there are still bureaucracy, jealous men, people who guess the mind of a man of high character with a mean thought, and things of giving others a hard time. For example, float glass factory that we are negotiating for has not been approved until now. Our country has to import a large number of glass every year, why are we not allowed to use the most advanced technology to make glass to replace into the imported glass? We recently sent two capable women to the General Administration of Building Materials to negotiate. When they arrived, the people here freely agreed and said they could go back in peace, but when our enterprise office sent someone to Take the contract to be sealed, they overruled it. When we asked why they did it, they said: 'You sent journalists and writers. Did I dare not say yes? If we didn't do well, you would write reportage and internal references, could I stand it'? ..."<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨，交涉了九个月，オ过了国内这一关。 <br />
<br />
Good things never come easy. They negotiated for nine months to overcome this domestic difficulty.<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判，当然不可能用这么长的时间，但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想而知的。 <br />
<br />
Of course, it could not take such a long time to negotiate with the Americans, but the level of intensity of the bargaining could be imagined.<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂，简直是一座玻璃城！它生产各式各样的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃，用25磅大锤从20米外打去，地皮都震动了，玻璃却安然无恙。我们和美国合资，投资一亿美元，引进一座同样的工厂，买他的专利，以后我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点，集中在每年所付专利费占销售总额的百分比上。 <br />
<br />
The American float glass factory was a factory with advanced technology, which was totally a glass city! It produced all kinds of glass. There was a kind of toughened glass that was hit with a 25-pound sledgehammer from 20 meters away and the ground shook, but the glass stayed intact. We had a joint venture with the United States. We invested $100 million to bring in the factory and buy its patents. Then we could build a second and a third. It was a good deal. And the negotiations focused on the percentage of the annual royalties to be paid in total sales.<br />
<br />
美方要6%，我们还价4%。 <br />
<br />
The U.S. side wanted 6%, and we bargained for 4%.<br />
<br />
美方降到5%，我们加到4.5%。 <br />
<br />
The U.S. side dropped to 5%, and we increased to 4.5%.<br />
<br />
寸利必争，形成僵局。 <br />
<br />
They competed for their own profit, and a stalemate was formed.<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng spoke.<br />
<br />
“先生们，我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针，2000年前发明了火药，全人类都在享受这些伟大的成果，可是他们从来没有要过什么专利，我们作为后代从来没有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋，而是觉得光荣。请问各位，那时候你们的祖先在哪里？恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前，是不是毛特别多……” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, our ancestors invented the compass 4,000 years ago, and gunpowder 2,000 years ago. All the human beings enjoy these great achievements, but the ancestors never asked for any patents. We as future generations have never called them bastards because of it, but feel honored. May I ask you, where were your ancestors at that time? I am afraid they were still in the trees. Please look at your chests, are they very hairy..."<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前，一个个咧嘴笑了。 <br />
<br />
The Americans really looked down at their chests, and all grinned.<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕，我的意思不是不付专利费，而是要求公平合理r’ <br />
<br />
"But don't be afraid. I don't mean not to pay the royalties, but to ask you to be fair and reasonable!”<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格，坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们，说不定会抗议呢！”你骂我们的祖先，是可忍，孰不可忍！” <br />
<br />
This was typical Yuan Geng's style, frank, humorous and witty. It worked on Americans. If it were us, might have protested! "You scolded our ancestors. If this can be tolerated, what can not!"<br />
<br />
终于达成协议：4.75%，为期10年。 <br />
<br />
An agreement was finally reached: 4.75 percent for 10 years.<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进一个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂，专利费是5%，时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说： <br />
<br />
This was quite favorable. A major city introduced a British glass factory whose technology was not so advanced, with a royalty rate of 5% for 12 years. Yuan Geng finally said passionately:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处，绝不能走美国的路！ <br />
<br />
"The United States centralized the best and the worst things in the world. We have to learn from its strengths and never go the way of the United States!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退，工业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走，他们还有点生气，现在停滞不前了。 <br />
<br />
"The world economy is in recession and the industrial structure is being reorganized. Five years ago I went around the world and they were a little angry. Now they are stagnant.<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方，转移到太平洋沿岸。 <br />
<br />
"Some say the center of the world economy is going to shift to the East, to the Pacific coast, in the late 1980s.<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了，现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈，今天下午四点半一踏上蛇口码头，就感到无比的清新，感到一草一木都非常亲切。 <br />
<br />
"Our system has made people lazy in the past, and now it's changing. This time I traveled around the world. As soon as I stepped on the Shekou Pier at 4:30 this afternoon, I felt much refreshed and felt that everything was very familiar.<br />
<br />
“10月1日，蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话，那是大家的功劳！ <br />
<br />
"On October 1, the Shekou's float will pass in front of Tian'anmen Square! If it is thrilling, it's the contribution of everyone!<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的，思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上，我们一定要赶上和超过他们！” <br />
<br />
"The capitalist world is rich in material things and poor in mind. We are moving up. We must catch up and surpass them!" <br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时，宣布散会了，大家意犹未尽。 <br />
<br />
After only one and a half hours, the meeting was declared closed. People were still being immersed.<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了，我放弃了跟上去的打算。 <br />
<br />
When Yuan Geng walked out of the meeting place, he was immediately surrounded by people. I gave up the intention of following him.<br />
<br />
八、“搞什么阴谋诡计？” <br />
<br />
Ⅷ. "What Schemes and Intrigues You Want to Go in for?"<br />
<br />
8月7日，袁庚开了一整天会，据说8日也不会有空，而9日一早又要回香港了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上，我给他写了一封信，说明这一次如果不能和他交谈，我将等待，直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨，我把这封信交给了工业区党委副书记乔胜利，请他转交。 <br />
<br />
On August 7th, Yuan Geng spent the day in meetings. It was said that he would not be free on the 8th, while he would go back to Hong Kong early in the morning on the 9th. I had no hope of seeing him in the next two days. In the evening, I wrote him a letter explaining that if I could not talk to him this time, I would wait until his next trip from Hong Kong. Early on the morning of the 8th, I handed the letter to Qiao Shengli, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone, asking him to deliver it.<br />
<br />
8日上午，我到办公大楼访问王潮梁，两人刚坐下来，办公室副主任黄振超匆匆忙忙地叫我：“袁董回来了，快去见他！” <br />
<br />
On the morning of the 8th, I visited Wang Chaoliang at the office building. As soon as they sat down, Huang Zhenchao, deputy director of the office, called me hurriedly, “Mr. Yuan is back. Go and see him!"<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉，说明另改时间，急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。 <br />
<br />
I apologized to Wang Chaoliang, explaining to him to change the time, and hurriedly followed Huang Zhenchao toward Yuan Geng's office.<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的，中间隔着大块的透明玻璃，老远就看见了袁庚，他手里正拿着一大摞文件。 <br />
<br />
The industrial zone office and Yuan Geng's office were connected, separated by a large piece of transparent glass. I saw Yuan Geng far away. He was holding a large pile of papers.<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候，黄振超在旁边向他说明：”只是见见面，不会占你很多时间。” <br />
<br />
When I shook hands with him, Huang Zhenchao explained to him from the side, "Just to see you. It won't take up much of your time."<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng, however, smiled and said casually: <br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的？来搞什么阴谋诡计？” <br />
<br />
"You're from ''Flower City''? What schemes and intrigues do you want to go in for?"<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了，而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。 <br />
<br />
A joke shortened the distance between us, and I felt that there seemed to be some kind of subtext behind this sentence.<br />
<br />
我知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。 <br />
<br />
I knew Yuan Geng was also quite concerned about the problems of literature and arts. <br />
<br />
梁宪说过，前几年在北京开会，有一天袁庚看了张洁的小说《爱，是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章，问他：”你认识这个作家吗？咱们把她请到蛇口去！”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所了解的，“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。 <br />
<br />
Liang Xian said that when he went to Beijing for a meeting a few years ago, one day Yuan Geng read Zhang Jie's novel ''Love must not be forgotten'' and related critiques, and asked him: "Do you know this writer? Let's invite her to Shekou!" I believe he knew something about the ''Flower City'', which had been attracting a lot of attention in the past few years, and the joke of "schemes and intrigues" was said not without reason.<br />
<br />
我也笑着说： <br />
<br />
I also said with a smile:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋，要写你和蛇口。” <br />
<br />
"I want to go in for the overt conspiracy. I want to write about you and Shekou."<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下，舒服地往藤椅上一靠，摆出了准备谈一阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好，这里问题多得很，改革每前进一步都要经过斗争，到处充满着矛盾。” <br />
<br />
He led me to the small parlor between the two offices and sat down, leaning back comfortably in a rattan chair and assuming a posture as if he was ready to talk for a long time." I don't have anything to write about. Don't say everything is good here. There are many problems. Every step forward in reform has to fight for, and everywhere is full of contradictions."<br />
<br />
我说：”正是这一点吸引了我。” <br />
<br />
I said, "That's what attracted me."<br />
<br />
“一个国家没有民主是不行的，而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国，政治家演说，群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿扔他，他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的，但这一套对巩固资产阶级的统治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底，孙中山是想搞民主的，他死得太早，没搞成。中华民族是伟大的，但是历史的包袱太重了。” <br />
<br />
"A country can't be better without democracy, and there is no democracy when the masses don't have the right to supervise and oust cadres. We have reformed the cadre system. In foreign countries, when a politician makes a speech, the masses can throw rotten eggs and tomatoes at him, and he still speaks with an umbrella in the way. You say his democracy is fake, but it's useful for consolidating the rule of the bourgeoisie. We should practice socialist democracy. China's bourgeois democratic revolution was not complete. Sun Yat-sen wanted democracy, but he died too early to achieve it. The Chinese nation is great, but the historic burdens are too heavy."<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说： <br />
<br />
Huang Hongjian, who came in halfway, interjected and said:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿，她在美国学企业管理，谈起来也说：在美国深有感慨，感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重。 <br />
<br />
"I recently received the daughter of a comrade in charge of the central committee. She studied business management in the United States. She also said that in the United States, she had a deep feeling that our great nation's historic burdens are too heavy.<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族，就没有什么框框，我在报告会上也说了，他们的总督牌香烟广告有一句口号是’想做就去做’，这句话香港也接受不了，译成’应做就去做’。当然，想干什么就干什么是不行的，但我们许多应干的事却干不成。” <br />
<br />
"As a nation, the United States hasn't many restrictions. As I said in the report meeting, their Viceroy cigarettes has a slogan in advertising 'If it's right, do it', this phrase can not be accepted in Hong Kong, translated as ‘do what you have to do’. Of course, we shouldn't do what we want, but we can't accomplish many of the things we have to do."<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历，他扼要地做了回答，着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命”中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时，这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来，微笑着站在那里不动，我知道是催他去开会，我们的谈话该结束了。 <br />
<br />
Then I asked him about his experience, and he gave a brief answer, focusing on his joining the Communist Party and his imprisonment during the "Cultural Revolution". We had been talking for almost an hour when Wang Jingui, deputy director of the Management Committee, walked in and stood still with a smile. I knew he was urging him to go to the meeting and it was time to end our conversation. <br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志，我们马上又赶到太子宾馆，和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢，对监狱内外情形都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说： <br />
<br />
Huang Hongjian made an appointment by phone with Comrade Wang Zongqian, the wife of Yuan Geng, who lived in the Prince Hotel, and we immediately rushed to there, talking with Mrs. Wang who was gentle and polite for an hour. What we talked about was mainly that Yuan Geng was in jail and was clear about the situation inside and outside the prison. Mrs. Wang said slowly and fondly: <br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨，出来就蔦儿了，可是他不，他的劲头反而更大了。” <br />
<br />
"Many people were broken and never recovered after that kind of torture. But he didn't. He was even more aggressive."<br />
<br />
我心里说：这オ是袁庚！ <br />
<br />
I said in my heart: this is the real Yuan Geng!<br />
<br />
过了几天，乔胜利对陈宜浩说：“袁董看了我的信，答应下次回来再和我谈。”可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。 <br />
<br />
After a few days, Qiao Shengli said to Chen Yihao: "Chairman Yuan read my letter and promised to talk to me again the next time he came back." But soon he was invited to Fujian by Comrade Xiang Nan.<br />
<br />
8月25日上午，我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息，急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联系。但是太迟了，他过了中午又要回香港，而上午的时间已经排满，就在和我通话的时候，他不得不放下电话去开门。他说： <br />
<br />
On the morning of August 25, I got the news that Yuan Geng had returned to Shekou and hurriedly called the Prince Hotel to contact him. But it was too late. He was going back to Hong Kong afternoon, and the morning was already full. And just as he was talking to me, he had to put down the phone to open the door. He said:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧，不要紧的，我们没有秘密。” <br />
<br />
"If you have any questions, just talk on the phone. It doesn't matter. We have no secrets."<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访，一时想不齐全，只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字，他一一做了回答：”这些也要发表吗？”我说：“不一定发表。”他说：”发表也没关系，那天我讲话外国人也听了。” <br />
<br />
I hadn't prepared for the telephone interview and couldn't think of all questions for a while, so I had to ask him a few details and figures about his visit abroad, and he answered them all and said: "Are these going to be published too?" I said, "Not necessarily." He said, "It doesn't matter if it is published, because foreigners listened to my speech that day too."<br />
<br />
我说：”将来排出校样，送给你看看好吗？免得事实有出入。” <br />
<br />
I said, "When the proof is done in the future, I will send you to see, okay? In case there is something different to the facts."<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查，出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的，难免出点差错。捅点娄子也不要紧。” <br />
<br />
"That is not necessary. Don't censor everything. It doesn't matter if something goes wrong. People are vivid and substantial, and mistakes are inevitable. It doesn't matter if you make some mistakes."<br />
<br />
<br />
“好了，谢谢您。” "Well, thank you."<br />
<br />
“谢谢。” "Thank you."<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。 <br />
<br />
I suddenly thought of two sentences from Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观，来到铝材厂门口时，他向学员们介绍：这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人，23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起来，大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停工，一个工人从高处摔下来受了伤，他的哥哥跑过去看了看，见弟弟没有生命危险，便又回去干活了。 <br />
<br />
Once Yuan Geng personally led the students in the training course for business management cadres to visit. When they came to the entrance of the aluminum factory, he introduced to the students: The construction of the factory building was put out to the Japanese. 23 Japanese built it in only 27 days. Even though the rain was so heavy that they could not open their eyes, they did not stop working. A worker fell from a high place and was injured, his older brother ran over to see that his brother was not in danger, and then he went back to work again.<br />
<br />
袁庚说：“日本不富没有天理！中国改革不富也没有天理！” <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said, "There is no reason for Japan not to be rich! There is no reason for China’s reform not to be rich!"<br />
<br />
现在我想说：蛇口的改革不成功没有天理！ <br />
<br />
Now I would like to say: there is no reason for Shekou's reform not to succeed!<br />
<br />
九、大鹏魂 <br />
<br />
Ⅸ. Dapeng Spirit<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚，魁梧、潇洒，兼有外交家和实业家的风度，具有一种吸引人的魅カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢？ <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was 66 years old, stout and dashing, having the air of both a diplomat and an industrialist and an attractive charm. From where did he come to us?<br />
<br />
拨开历史的迷雾，我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。 <br />
<br />
Clearing up the fog of confusion, we saw the solid footprints of a hot-blooded man.<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园，算是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。 <br />
<br />
He was born in Shuiba Village, Dapeng Town, Bao'an City, Guangdong Province (now Longgang District, Shenzhen City). His family had an orchard and could be considered a well-off family. The wind and waves of Dapeng Bay cultivated his mind.<br />
<br />
1935年，他毕业于广州广雅中学，随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测量员，他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校，陈济棠下台后，这家军校成了国民党中央军校的分校。 <br />
<br />
In 1935, he graduated from Guangzhou Guangya High School and then entered a surveying school. After a short period as a surveyor, he entered the Yantang Military Academy run by Chen Jitang, which became a branch academy of the Nationalist Party Central Military Academy after Chen Jitang stepped down.<br />
<br />
在学校里，袁庚是活跃的足球门将，练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕业，他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官，一个个腐化不堪，对民族危亡无动于衷，便愤然回到故乡大鹏镇，担任第一小学校长，同时兼任地方自卫队教官。 <br />
<br />
In school, Yuan Geng was an active goalkeeper and developed a strong body. After graduating from the military academy, he saw that the instructors, who were full of benevolence and morality, were all corrupt and indifferent to the national peril, so he returned to his hometown Dapeng Town in anger and became the principal of the first elementary school, while also serving as an instructor of the local self-defense troop.<br />
<br />
学校是国民党办的，自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的，但是学校和自卫队中都有中共地下党员。 <br />
<br />
The school was run by Nationalist Party and the self-defense troop was run by Deng Yanda's Third Party, but there were underground members of the Communist Party in both the school and the self-defense troop.<br />
<br />
戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚，在当地是一个重要人物，三种政治力量对他都很重视。 <br />
<br />
When Yuan Geng returned to his hometown, he was an important figure in the area, and all three political forces attached great importance to him.<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文，和他住到一起，亲自考察他。 <br />
<br />
Wang Wen, secretary of the underground County Committee of CPC, lived with him and examined him personally.<br />
<br />
革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
<br />
The hearts of revolutionaries and patriots were always in sympathy. Yuan Geng soon became friends with Wang Wen, Zhong Wen, Lai Zhongyuan and other underground party members, and was also close to Wang Bo, a teacher being trained by the party organization. Yuan Geng actively participated in all the activities to promote anti-Japanese, such as organizing evening schools and acting in plays. One time in the performance of "Put Down Your Whip", Wang Bo played the daughter who made a living by singing, and Yuan Geng played a young man who stopped the father from whipping his daughter. When he shouted "Put down your whip", he completely got into the role, forgetting that he was acting, and many audiences also rushed after him...<br />
<br />
1939年3月27日，袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党，从这一天起，他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。 <br />
<br />
On March 27, 1939, Yuan Geng was recommended to join the Communist Party of China by comrades Wang Wen and Zhong Wen. From that day on, he had lived up to the honorable title of member of the Communist Party of China.<br />
<br />
当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党的漫画，刺痛了国民党区党部，他的处境变得危险了，党组织于1939年冬天把他转移到党领导的抗日游击队，从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子，像大鹏一样展翅高飞了。 <br />
<br />
There was a local progressive publication "Dapeng Spirit". Yuan Geng published a cartoon satirizing the Nationalist Party in it, which stung the District Party headquarters of the Nationalist Party. His situation became dangerous and the Party organization transferred him to the anti-Japanese guerrilla force led by the Party in the winter of 1939, from which he began his fighting career in the East River Column. The son of Dapeng Bay spread his wings and flew high like the roc (named Dapeng in Chinese).<br />
<br />
抗日战争期间，美军作为盟军，在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组，担任东纵联络处处长的袁庚，和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示，东纵和美军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报，对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。 <br />
<br />
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the U.S. Army, as an allied force, sent an observation group in Yan'an and one in the East River Column. Yuan Geng, who was the director of the Liaison Office of East River Column, remained in regular contact with the U.S. military observation group in East River Column. According to the instructions of the Central Committee, the East River Column and the U.S. observation group exchanged information about the Japanese army in South China, which played a positive role in defeating Japanese imperialism.<br />
<br />
日寇投降时，英军远在缅甸，一个海军少将只率领一营人乘航空母舰赶到香港。他的兵力不足以维持治安，要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央，中央复电：为了对付国民党的内战阴谋，坚决撤离港九地区；同时要求在香港设立联络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判，袁庚不辱使命，漂亮地完成了任务，并成为驻香港办事处的第一任主任，这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能想到，历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折，二十多年后，这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。 <br />
<br />
When the Japanese aggressors surrendered, the British army was in Burma. A Rear Admiral led only one battalion to Hong Kong by an aircraft carrier. His forces were not enough to maintain law and order, and he asked our Hong Kong-Kowloon detachment of the East River Column not to retreat. The East River Column asked the Central Committee for advice, and the Central Committee replied with a telegram: In order to deal with the conspiracy of the Nationalist Party's civil war, evacuate the Hong Kong-Kowloon area resolutely; at the same time, set up a liaison agency in Hong Kong. The East River Column sent Yuan Geng to Hong Kong to negotiate. Yuan Geng fulfilled his mission, doing his job well and became the first director of the Liaison Office in Hong Kong, which was the predecessor of the Hong Kong branch of Xinhua News Agency later. Who would have thought that the way forward of history could be so twisted and more than twenty years later, these achievements had become "crimes".<br />
<br />
十、秦城监狱 <br />
<br />
X. Qincheng Prison<br />
<br />
1968年4月6日，袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家，到机关去上班。北京的4月初，春寒料峭，风沙迷眼，加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报，形成一片肃杀气氛，使袁庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作，刚告一段落，还来不及喘口气，就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息，他于愤懑中保持着镇定。 <br />
<br />
On April 6, 1968, Yuan Geng left his home in Xiyuan early in the morning and went to work. In early April in Beijing, the spring air was chill, and the wind and sand got into the eyes, with ferocious big-character posters everywhere, which formed an awful atmosphere, making Yuan Geng extremely depressed. He had just come to the end of his work of receiving and transporting Chinese refugees from Indonesia and he couldn't even catch his breath before he returned to work. Recently, he kept hearing the news that his old comrades in the East River Column had lost their freedom or their whereabouts were unknown. He kept his composure in the midst of his resentment.<br />
<br />
回到办公室不久，有人通知：“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门，看到除部长之外，还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长，面孔板得像一座木雕。 <br />
<br />
Soon after he returned to the office, someone informed him, "The minister wants to see you." He opened the door of the minister's office and saw that in addition to the minister, there were two public security officers. The minister, whose name often appeared in the newspapers, pulled a face like a wooden statue.<br />
<br />
“袁庚，你被捕了！” <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng, you're under arrest!"<br />
<br />
下午，机关召开大会，部长在会上宣布：”袁庚是美国特务，已经依法逮捕。“袁庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和刘丹一，互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周总理安全的情景，记忆犹新，那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间，周旋于华侨社会之中，眼睛熬红了，人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场，天理何在？！ <br />
<br />
In the afternoon, the organ held a general meeting and the minister announced: "Yuan Geng is an American spy and has been arrested in obedience to the law." Yuan Geng's close friends and neighbors, Liu Yamin and Liu Dan Yi, who worked together with him as consuls at the consulate-general in Jakarta, Indonesia, in the 1950s, exchanged looks of grief and indignation. In 1954, Yuan Geng and they worked together to defend the Bandung Conference and the security of Premier Zhou. The memory of the scene was still vivid. At that time, when Yuan Geng traveled between Jakarta and Bandung, circulated among the overseas Chinese community, his eyes were red, and he lost a lot of weight by overwork. Such loyalty ended up like this. Where was the justice?<br />
<br />
与此同时，汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中，勒令交出所有的钥匙，开始抄家。翻箱倒柜，从下午抄到天黑，然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时，オ发现三个孩子被关在门外不准进家，左邻右舍也不敢收留，孩子们在抹眼泪…… <br />
<br />
At the same time, Comrade Wang Zongqian was brought back home from his office, and ordered to hand over all his keys. They began to search her house. They rummaged the whole house, from afternoon to dark, and then brought her back to the office to search her desk. When she went out, she found that three children were shut out of the house and not allowed to enter the house. The neighbors did not dare to take them in, and the children were wiping their tears...<br />
<br />
从此以后，袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里，也不知是死是活，到哪里打听都说不知道。1969年，汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校，孩子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”，但作为“反革命家属”，她只能干最脏最累的活，如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎，痛得胳膊抬不起来，医生建议回北京治疗，干校就是不准。直到1972年初夏，她的大孩子中印就要下乡插队了，她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服，打点行装，オ被批准。 <br />
<br />
From then on, Yuan Geng disappeared from life. Wang Zongqian did not know where he was locked up, nor did she know if he was dead or alive. Everywhere she asked all said he did not know. In 1969, Wang Zongqian went to a cadet school in Zou County, Shandong Province, with the organ, while the children stayed in Beijing to live with their grandmother. Although Wang Zongqian was considered a "student of the cadre school", but as a "family member of a counter-revolutionary", she could only do the dirtiest and most tiring works, such as taking away manure from privies and washing toilets. Her left shoulder was suffering from periarthritis of the shoulder. It was so painful that she couldn't lift her arm. The doctor suggested that she go back to Beijing for treatment, but the cadre school didn't allow it. Until the early summer of 1972, when her eldest child, Zhongyin, was about to go and work in the countryside, she asked for leave to return to Beijing to wash her child's clothes and pack his luggage, which was approved.<br />
<br />
1972年7月，袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后，有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去探监。“他还活着，他还活着！”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。 <br />
<br />
In July 1972, when Yuan Geng was arrested for four years and three months, someone suddenly informed Wang Zongqian to visit him in Qincheng Prison. "He is still alive, he is still alive!" Wang Zongqian's heart was stuffed with this thought.<br />
<br />
汪宗谦心酸地发现，袁庚行走困难，说话声音也变了，而且他不知道当时是何年何月！ <br />
<br />
Wang Zongqian sadly find that Yuan Geng was difficult to walk, his voice had changed, and he even didn't know when it was!<br />
<br />
原来监狱里日夜亮着灯，犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替，失去了时间的概念；睡觉时只准脸朝外，一条腿总是压在下边，时间长了造成萎缩；长期不讲话，声带都沙哑了。 <br />
<br />
It turned out that the prison was lit day and night, so the prisoners could not distinguish and remember the alternation of day and night, losing the notion of time; they only allowed to sleep with their face outward, and one leg was always pressed down, which caused atrophy over time; they didn't speak for a long period, so the vocal cords were hoarse.<br />
<br />
我曾经听说，袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西，只有放风时在天井里看到墙根的小草。 <br />
<br />
I once heard that Yuan Geng could not see anything alive for several years in prison, and only saw the grass at the foot of the wall in the patio when he was allowed to go out.<br />
<br />
问他是不是这样，他说： <br />
<br />
When he was asked if this was the case, he said:<br />
<br />
“不，还有蚂蚁，我对蚂蚁很有研究。” <br />
<br />
"No, there are ants. I studied ants a lot."<br />
<br />
这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量！ <br />
<br />
How much heavy weight this easy sentence contained!<br />
<br />
汪宗谦见过了袁庚，就为救他而奔走了。 <br />
<br />
Having met Yuan Geng, Wang Zongqian ran around to save him.<br />
<br />
“没见他不知道他死活，既然知道他还活着，我就怕他死了！问题还没搞清，死了孩子们都得背黑锅呀！他住在楼上，要到楼下的天井放风，上下都很辛苦，我到中央接待站去上访，请求把他搬到楼下来，这个要求被接受了。” <br />
<br />
"I didn't know if he was dead or alive when I didn't see him, and since I knew he was alive, I'm afraid he will die! The problem is not yet clear, and the children will have to get the blame if he is dead! He lived upstairs and had to go downstairs to the patio to breathe the fresh air. It was hard to get up and down, so I went to the reception center of the central committee to ask for moving him downstairs, and this request was accepted."<br />
<br />
袁庚搬到楼下的一间房，发现席子底下有一团花白的头发，他判断这里关过一个五十多岁的女同志。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng moved to a room downstairs and found a tangle of white hair under the matting. He judged that a female comrade in her fifties had been imprisoned here.<br />
<br />
后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事，王光美说：“没错，正是我住过的那间房。” <br />
<br />
Later he talked about it accidentally with comrade Wang Guangmei at a banquet, who said, "Yes, it was exactly the same room I lived in."<br />
<br />
袁庚出狱，已是1973年9月30日，整整关了5年半。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was released from prison on September 30, 1973, after five and a half years.<br />
<br />
在狱中，睡觉时只要一转身，看守就在外边敲门。夜晚，敲门声常常把人惊醒。袁庚回到家里，刚一入睡就惊醒了，这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年，这种心悸病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能，却用了更长的时间。每天，汪宗谦搀着袁庚，一步，一步，慢慢地走，越走越远，越走越快，走了一年之久，两条腿オ恢复了平衡。 <br />
<br />
In prison, when he was sleeping, as soon as he turned around, the guard was outside knocking on the door. At night, the knocking often woke him up. After Yuan Geng returned home, he woke up just as soon as he fell asleep, which was the real lingering fear. After half a year, this fear gradually disappeared. And it took longer to restore the function of that atrophied leg. Every day, Wang Zongqian helped Yuan Geng, step by step, slowly walking, further and faster. After walking for a year, his two legs restored the balance.<br />
<br />
更可悲的是，有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子，出来不会走直路了，一走就转圈，连马路也不能过。 <br />
<br />
What was more sad was that some people walked in circles for years in their cells, and when they came out, they couldn't walk straight, they walked in circles and even couldn't cross the road.<br />
<br />
人啊，人！ <br />
<br />
Oh, human!<br />
<br />
人的尊严到哪里去了！ <br />
<br />
Where had the dignity of human gone!<br />
<br />
经过一年多的休养治疗，1975年，袁庚被分配到交通部，当了外事局副局长。 <br />
<br />
After more than a year of recuperation and treatment, Yuan Geng was assigned to the Ministry of Communications as the deputy director of the Foreign Affairs Bureau in 1975.<br />
<br />
一恢复工作，袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体一样活跃起来。 <br />
<br />
Once he returned to work, Yuan Geng's mind became as active as his newly recovered body.<br />
<br />
恢复工作之前，袁庚骑自行车上街，总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道，“不能开慢点吗”！恢复工作之后，自己也坐上了小汽车，有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了，“不能靠边骑吗”！他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化，在心里警告自己道：”可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀！” <br />
<br />
Before he resumed work, Yuan Geng rode a bicycle to the street and always felt that the cars passing by were too overbearing, "Can't you drive slower"! After he resumed work, he also drove the car and sometimes felt that the bicycles on the road were in the way, "Can't you ride on the side"? He soon realized this subtle change in his mental state and warned himself, "I can't let my position dictate my thinking!"<br />
<br />
多年来，这成了他的一个信条。 <br />
<br />
Over the years, this became one of his credos.<br />
<br />
十一、香港第一课 <br />
<br />
Ⅺ. The First Lesson in Hong Kong<br />
<br />
1978年，做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚，以花甲之年改行搞经济，被派到香港招商局担任副董事长。 <br />
<br />
In 1978, Yuan Geng, who had spent most of his life in military and diplomatic work, changed his career to economics in his sixties and was sent to the China Merchants Hong Kong to serve as vice chairman.<br />
<br />
招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日，招商局香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱，从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长，所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。从李鸿章算起，袁庚是第29任了。 <br />
<br />
China Merchants Group was founded in 1872 by Li Hongzhang, a northern minister in the Qing Dynasty. On January 15, 1950, the 13 ships of the Hong Kong branch of China Merchants Group rose in revolt and returned to the embrace of the motherland, then becoming the representative agency of the Ministry of Communications in Hong Kong. Previous ministers of the Ministry of Communications also served as chairman of the China Merchants Hong Kong, so the vice chairman was the de facto person in charge. Reckoning from Li Hongzhang, Yuan Geng was the 29th minister.<br />
<br />
香港招商局在极'左’思想影响之下，经营单一，困守一隅，搞了几十年没有什么发展。袁庚到任，根据中央定下的“以航运为中心，立足港澳，背靠内地，面向海外，多种经营，工商结合，买卖结合”的方针，以铁腕大力整顿。 <br />
<br />
Under the influence of the thought of the extreme 'left’, the China Merchants Hong Kong was very conservative with narrow business scope, and didn't develop much for decades. When Yuan Geng took office, he made energetic efforts to rectify with an iron fist, according to the policy of "shipping as the center, based on Hong Kong and Macao, backed by the mainland, facing overseas, a variety of business, combination of industry and commerce, and combination of buying and selling" set by the central committee.<br />
<br />
袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said in his speech at the Economic Seminar of Part Coastal Open Cities:<br />
<br />
“我到香港的第一课，就是买了一座大楼，非常便宜，只花了6180万（港币）。第一次交订金时，支票2000万。那天是星期五，当时讲好下午2点钟，在一个律师楼里，大家一手交钱，一手交货。我们开了2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里，发动机都没有停。一上去之后，大家一手交货，一手交钱，签字。签完字，对方拿着支票，两个人夹住，下去了。剩下一个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度，马上存到银行里去了。因为明天是礼拜六了，人家银行关门，礼拜天也关门，假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前不到银行去交那个支票的话，他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支票交给他。我们的财务去了，他回来向我们报告，他说当时那个场面是很动人的。当然，我们闭着眼睛也能想到，资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重视，当时浮动利息是14厘，三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志，那就无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去，回家。他没有这个观念！这就是香港第一课。我也不怕自惭形秽，一窍不通，我接触经济工作，仅仅是5年多前开始的。但一开始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多！招商局的子公司多的是，一检查，发现支票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了，换了一个华东财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后，我就给他讲这个道理，一个礼拜之内他就能够接受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事，立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后，财源滚滚而来。……这个‘时间就是金钱’，不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我，其实这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’，它说得比我还厉害，时间重于金钱！” <br />
<br />
"My first lesson in Hong Kong was to buy a building, which was very cheap, costing only 61.8 million (Hong Kong dollars). The deposit I paid for the first time was a cheque for 20 million. It was a Friday, and it was agreed that we would cash on delivery at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, in a lawyer building. We signed a cheque for 20 million and went to the lawyer building. There were many people from the seller's side. A few cars were parked downstairs, with their engines running. Once we went up, we cashed on delivery, and signed. After signing, the other party took the cheque, two people clamped it, and went down. One boss was left to talk to us about the aftermath. The cheque was sent to the bank to be deposited immediately by a car as fast as possible. Because tomorrow was Saturday, the bank was closed, and was also closed on Sunday. If he didn't go to the bank to hand over that cheque before 3 o'clock on Friday afternoon, he would lose the interest of 20 million for three days. So he asked for the cheque to be delivered to him on time. Our accountant went there and he came back to report to us, and he said it was a very moving scene. Of course, we could think it blindfolded. Why the capitalist attached so much importance to the interest of 20 million in the bank for three days. At that time, the floating rate was 1.4%, and three days means tens of thousands of dollars of interest. If it was our comrade in the mainland, it didn't matter. This check would be put at home and he would go home. Because he didn't have this concept! This was the first lesson I learned in Hong Kong. I'm not afraid to be ashamed of myself and know nothing about it. I just started working in the economy more than five years ago. But as soon as I started, I realized that we have a lot of problems with economic work in China! There are many subsidiaries of the China Merchants Group. When I checked, I found that they thought putting the cheque at home overnight was not a serious thing. Soon I changed the accountant and replaced him with a graduate from the East China College of Finance and Economics. When he came, I told him it, and within a week he was able to accept it. He said that money management here was totally different from the mainland, and he would immediately rectify it. After the rectification, the money was rolling in... 'Time is money' is not unreasonable. Now many people scold me. Actually, this phrase was not invented by me. China has long spoken 'An inch of time is worth an inch of gold', which is said more strongly than my words. Time is more important than money!"<br />
<br />
招商局走上轨道，袁庚就考虑进一步的发展了。1979年初，他和有关同志带着在蛇口开发工业区的蓝图，到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志很感兴趣，当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给工业区，袁庚还没有这个胆量，只要了2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候，袁庚心里默默地说： <br />
<br />
After China Merchants Group was on the right track, Yuan Geng considered further development. At the beginning of 1979, he and some related comrades went to Beijing to report to Li Xiannian, and Gu Mu with the blueprint for developing the industrial zone in Shekou. Li Xiannian and Gu Mu were very interested, and agreed to give the entire Nanshan Peninsula to the industrial zone. But Yuan Geng did not have the guts, only receiving 2.14 square kilometers. When Comrade Li Xiannian picked up his pen to sign their report, Yuan Geng silently said in his heart:<br />
<br />
“先念同志，签吧，您这一笔下去，将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀！” <br />
<br />
"Comrade Xiannian, sign it. With this stroke written down, future generations of the Chinese nation will be benefited ah!"<br />
<br />
十二、清新 <br />
<br />
Ⅻ. Freshness<br />
<br />
1984年8月，蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅，迎面是一架屏风，正中间挂着一幅草书，苍劲流畅的书法，引人注目，细看那内容，更是气度非凡。这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本，把它抄了下来。 <br />
<br />
In August 1984, the first painting and calligraphy exhibition in Shekou Industrial Zone opened. The audience entered the exhibition hall, facing a screen, with a cursive calligraphy hanging in the middle. The strong and smooth calligraphy was eye-catching. When looking closely at the content, it was more imposing. This was the work of the versatile Yuan Geng. I couldn't resist pulling out my notebook and copying it down.<br />
<br />
登微波楼 <br />
<br />
Climbing the Microwave Telecommunication Building<br />
<br />
微波楼上，雨初晴，水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小，探手银河可摘。鹰掠浮云，鸥翻怒浪，何惧风雷激。掀天揭地，方显男儿胆识。梧桐山挹群峰，若游龙，直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海，洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排，帆樯队列，似神蛇添翼。中华崛起，英雄豪杰辈出。 <br />
<br />
Standing on the Microwave Telecommunication Building, it just clears up after the rain and the sky is clear blue after being immersed in water. I look far away, finding that the universe is so small, as if I can reach for the Milky Way. The eagle glides through the floating clouds, and seagulls flip over the surging waves, who are completely unafraid of the gathering storm. The world is shaken, showing the courage and insight of men. The peaks of the Wutong Mountain, like dragons in flight, sweep across Tuen Mun in the northwest. Rolling Pearl River flows south into the sea, showering Lindingyang Bay with spring scenery. The factory buildings are located like fish scales, and the ships are in a queue, like the divine snake who has grown wings. With the rise of China, numerous heroes have emerged.<br />
<br />
时维甲子，序属清明，雨后登蛇口微波楼，有清新感，兴之所至，填［念奴娇］。格律工否，非所计也，取其义耳。 <br />
<br />
Now is Pure Brightness in 1984. After the rain, I climb the Microwave Telecommunication Building in Shekou and have a feeling of freshness. Then I write a poem to the tune of Nian Nu Jiao while the whim lasts. I don't consider the rules and forms of the poem, but the meaning of it.<br />
<br />
宝安袁庚 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng in Baoan<br />
<br />
我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过，“每登微波楼，均有清新感”。可见“清新感”一词不是随便用的。 <br />
<br />
I paid attention to the words "have a feeling of freshness". In a letter to Liu Da, the president of Tsinghua University, Yuan Geng also said, "Every time I climb the Microwave Telecommunication Building, I have a feeling of freshness. It was clear that the phrase " a feeling of freshness " could not be used casually.<br />
<br />
我有同感。 <br />
<br />
I felt the same way.<br />
<br />
蛇口经过5年多的建设，已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区，当然以工业为主。引进项目98个，有52个已经开业投产。几十座工厂，几百栋宿舍楼，海滨的花园别墅，在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排，帆樯队列”，完全是写实，没有一点夸张。工业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头，许多外国石油公司和财团的代表机构也在这里办公，水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前，蒲公英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上，就是引进的具有20世纪70年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望，整个工业区尽收眼底，难怪这是袁庚心爱的一个去处。 <br />
<br />
After more than five years of construction, Shekou had become a new type of seaport. The industrial zone, of course, focused on industry. 82 projects had been introduced, 52 of which went into production. Dozens of factories, hundreds of dormitory buildings, and garden villas at the seaside went up at the desolate beach. "The factory buildings are located like fish scales, and the ships are in a queue" was written realistically, without any exaggeration. The seven-story office building of the Industrial Zone’s management committee was located close to the Wuwan Pier, where the representative offices of many foreign oil companies and consortia also worked here. The hydrofoils ran between Shekou and Hong Kong. In front of the building, a dandelion-like circular water sculpture splashed water like pearls. On the hill behind the building was the introduced microwave telecommunication building with the advanced level of the 1970s. Climbing the building to look around, the whole industrial area could be seen. No wonder this was Yuan Geng's favorite place to go.<br />
<br />
六湾中央的岸边，停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪华的大型客轮，诞生于1962年的法国，后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间，它在海洋上奔波，到过数十个海港城市，如今它退役了，古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归宿之地。它虽然不再航行，但风姿不减当年，以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜，灯火通明，烟花四起，它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候，一片反对之声，现在事实说明，它为蛇口添了异彩，对的又是袁庚。 <br />
<br />
The Minghua ship, which was dedicated an inscription of "Sea Word" by Deng Xiaoping, docked at the shore of the central area of Liuwan Bay. This luxury large passenger ship was born in France in 1962, and was later bought by Guangzhou Ocean Shipping Company. Over the past 21 years, it had traveled on the ocean and visited dozens of seaports. Now that it was retired, the ancient but young Shekou had become its home. Though it no longer sailed, but its charm was as good as ever, attracting thousands of visitors with its rooms, restaurants, dance hall, shopping mall and amusement park. At night, with its bright lights and fireworks, it seemed to be a palace on the sea. When Yuan Geng decided to spend 3 million yuan to buy it last year, many people disagreed with him. Now the facts showed that it had added a different color to Shekou. Yes, it was Yuan Geng again.<br />
<br />
晚上，我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上，观两岸灯火，听一片涛声，历史和现实在脑海里交叉、叠印，我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远，就是伶仃洋，就是珠江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音，陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音，仿佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮，更是历史的见证。 <br />
<br />
In the evening, I went for a walk at the seaside. I sat on the stone rail, watching the lights on both sides of the sea, listening to the sound of the wave, history and reality crossing and overprinting in my mind, and my heart could not calm down like the sea. Not far to the west, was the Lonely Ocean (Lindingyang Bay), which was the mouth of the Pearl River. The sound of Wen Tianxiang's sighing "On Lonely Ocean now I feel dreary and lonely" and the sound of Lu Xiufu's throwing himself into the sea with the Song Emperor on his back seemed to come from the depths of history. The rusty ancient cannon on the Chiwan Zuo Fort was also a witness of history.<br />
<br />
144年前，面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队，它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼，从而揭开了鸦片战争的序幕。但是，它能打掉海盗船的威风，却打不掉清王朝的腐朽，它和林则徐一道被出卖了。花开花谢，潮涨潮落，一百年过去了，终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚，指挥炮兵健儿，威震敌胆，一举解放了这片土地，解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到，30年的历史弯路，辜负了这大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心，月黑风高之夜，来到这荒凉的海滩，从这儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙，涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候，痛苦的心情真是难以表达。现在好了，オ过去五年，不过是历史的一瞬，蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色，他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喁喁私语的情侣，望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的孩子，心里暗暗地说：祝福你们，幸运的蛇口人！ <br />
<br />
Some young people lost confidence in the motherland. They came to this desolate beach in the dark and windy night, swimming to the lights on the other side from here. Some of them drowned in the halfway, and the tide pushed their bodies back to the place where they started. When Yuan Geng returned to Shekou five years ago and saw the bodies of these unfortunate people, it was hard to express his pain. Now, only five years passed, which was a moment in history, Shekou's lights at night were not inferior to the other side of the sea. It was said that Yuan Geng once drove on the other side of the sea to look at the night of Shekou, and I think it was also hard to express his joyful feelings. I looked at the couples whispering to each other on the benches in the seaside garden, at the children dancing around their young parents, and secretly said: Bless you, lucky Shekou people! 144 years ago, in the face of the unbeatable British Imperial Fleet, it bravely gave its first roar, thus opening the prologue of the Opium War. However, it could knock down the might of the pirate ships, but not the decadence of the Qing Dynasty, and it was betrayed along with Lin Zexu. With flowers blooming and fading, and the tide rising and falling, a hundred years passed, and it finally ushered in the earthshaking changes in 1949. Yuan Geng, the head of the artillery regiment of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, commanded the artillery soldiers to strike terror into the hearts of the enemy, and liberated this land and Dachan Island on Lindingyang Bay at one stroke. But no one expected that 30 years of historical detours failed to live up the beautiful land’s expectations.<br />
<br />
这还是看得见的清新气象，还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、工资制度的改革，由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化，这些属于上层建筑领域的清新之处，比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。 <br />
<br />
These were the visible fresh scenes, but there were also the invisible ones. The reform of the economic system, the personnel system, the wage system, the changes in human relations and values caused by these changes, which were the freshness of the superstructure, was more beautiful and moving than the brilliant lights of the night.<br />
<br />
啊，清新的蛇口！ <br />
<br />
Ah, the fresh Shekou!<br />
<br />
十三、心血 <br />
<br />
XIII. Painstaking Effort<br />
<br />
清新动人的蛇口，是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。 <br />
<br />
The fresh and attractive Shekou was sculpted by thousands of laborers with their painstaking efforts and hands.<br />
<br />
这中间，袁庚倾注了更多的心血。 <br />
<br />
And Yuan Geng devoted more efforts.<br />
<br />
工业区创建初期，香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥，他出色地贯彻了袁庚的意图，艰苦深入，日夜辛劳，给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港后，袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计，又关心具体问题，处理问题总是站在战略的高度，高瞻远瞩。他一天工作十几个小时，中午在藤椅上靠几分钟又工作了，晚上常常熬到深夜。 <br />
<br />
In the early days of the industrial zone, Zhang Zhensheng, the general manager of Ocean Shipping Company affiliated to China Merchants Hong Kong, served as the commander-in-chief. He carried out Yuan Geng's intention brilliantly, going into more depth about it, working hard day and night, which left a deep impression on people. After he was transferred back to Hong Kong, Yuan Geng took on the main leadership position of the industrial zone himself. He not only considered the overall policy, but also cared about the specific problems. He always dealt with problems from a strategic height and looked far ahead. He worked more than ten hours a day, leaning on a rattan chair for a few minutes at noon and then working again. He often stayed up late at night.<br />
<br />
第一批引进的工厂中，有个华美钢厂，是招商局与香港合资的企业。 <br />
<br />
Huamei Steel was one of the first factories which were introduced, which was a joint venture between China Merchants Group and Hong Kong.<br />
<br />
这位姓施的老板，本来是经营地皮股票的，对办工厂并无兴趣。 <br />
<br />
The owner, surnamed Shi, used to trade land stocks, and was not interested in running a factory.<br />
<br />
袁庚在印尼工作时结识的一位华侨朋友，代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术，认为在蛇口办一间轧制钢材的钢厂有利可图，便极カ劝施老板投资。 <br />
<br />
A Chinese friend, who was met by Yuan Geng while he was working in Indonesia, investigated the steel technology in the country in Boss Shi's stead. He thought it was profitable to run a steel mill that rolled steel in Shekou, so he tried to advise Boss Shi to invest.<br />
<br />
双方有利，一拍即合。 <br />
<br />
The two sides were favorable, and they immediately agreed.<br />
<br />
引进的设备在国内是先进的，投资额近一亿港元。 <br />
<br />
The equipment introduced was advanced in China, and the investment was worth nearly HK$100 million.<br />
<br />
1984年春，钢厂股东和工业区管委会举行联席会议，讨论经营方面面临的问题。港务公司提出一个悬案：建厂初期，厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的露天堆场，已经7个多月，港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费，而厂方拒绝付款，一直未能解决。 <br />
<br />
In the spring of 1984, shareholders of the steel mill and the industrial zone management committee held a joint meeting to discuss the problems in management. The ports company put forward an unsolved case: in the early days of the factory, more than 3000 tons of steel were stacked in the open yard of Wuwan Pier. It had been more than seven months, and ports company wanted to collect HK $600000 in stacking fees, but the factory refused to pay, which had not been solved.<br />
<br />
这个问题一提出，气氛紧张起来，施老板很激动，把财务经理和总工程师都叫来，讨价还价。他们说，工厂里没有堆场，所以无法提货，这不能怪他们。袁庚提出到工厂去看看，确实没有堆场，但那是管理不善造成的，只要加以整顿，就完全可以清出堆场来。 <br />
<br />
As soon as this question was raised, the atmosphere became strained. Boss Shi was so excited that he called the financial manager and the chief engineer to haggle. They said there was no yard in the factory, so they could not take delivery of the goods, which could not blame them. Yuan Geng proposed to the factory to see. There was no storage yard indeed, but it was caused by mismanagement. As long as to rectify, they could completely clear a storage yard.<br />
<br />
施老板知道理亏，答应出一半堆放费。 <br />
<br />
Boss Shi knew that he was in the wrong position, promising to pay half of the stacking fee.<br />
<br />
事情没有解决，该吃午饭了，袁庚说下午再议。 <br />
<br />
The matter was not resolved. It was time to eat lunch, and Yuan Geng said to discuss it in the afternoon.<br />
<br />
午饭后的短暂时间，袁庚当机立断，做了我方人员的思想工作，说明吸引施先生投资办工厂不易，应从大处和远处着眼，做出让步。 <br />
<br />
In a short time after lunch, Yuan Geng made an immediate decision to do the ideological work of our staff, explaining that it was not easy to attract Mr. Shi to invest and run the factory, so they should look at the big picture and the long term, to make concessions.<br />
<br />
下午会一开始，施老板就不耐烦地说： <br />
<br />
As soon as the meeting started at noon, Boss Shi said impatiently:<br />
<br />
“袁老板，你拍板吧！工厂你招商局也有份的！” <br />
<br />
"Boss Yuan, you decide! Your Merchants Group take a share of the factory as well!"<br />
<br />
袁庚不紧不慢地说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said unhurriedly:<br />
<br />
“这件事，我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的，工厂怎能长期让它堆放在码头？工厂没有堆场，这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对，你们为什么不催货主提货，任凭这些钢铁长期堆放？难道只要有堆放费可收就行了？你们应当考虑工业区的全局利益，考虑如何促进生产。 <br />
<br />
"In this case, I think there is blame on both sides. Since the steel belongs to the factory, how can the factory let it be stacked at the pier for a long time? The factory does not have a store yard, which is caused by management chaos. The ports company is also wrong. Why didn't you urge the owner of the cargo to take delivery of the goods and let the steel pile up for a long time? Do you just need to have a stacking fee to collect? You should consider the overall interests of the industrial zone and consider how to promote production.<br />
<br />
“出现这样的问题，是第一次，我的意见，这一次堆放费就免了，下不为例，工厂必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。” <br />
<br />
"It is the first time that such a problem has occurred. My opinion is that the stacking fee will be waived this time, and it will not be repeated next time. And the factory must remove these steels as soon as possible."<br />
<br />
这种出乎意料的处理方式，使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说：“谢谢你，袁先生！我口服心服！工厂接受批评，一定限期运走。”之后施老板积极性大增，双方合作一直很好。 <br />
<br />
This unexpected treatment impressed Boss Shi, who was in his thirties. He stood up and said, "Thank you, Mr. Yuan! I was sincerely convinced! The factory accepted the criticism and must take them away within a certain time limit." Since then, Boss Shi had been more active and the cooperation between the two sides had been always very good.<br />
<br />
创造良好的投资环境，使投资方有利可图，才能进一步吸引外资，这一直是袁庚的一个指导思想。 <br />
<br />
Creating a good investment environment made investors profitable, and then further attracted foreign investment, which had been a guiding ideology of Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上，袁庚宣布装卸费减半，博得一阵热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解，后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光，这措施对吸引外资起了很好的作用。 <br />
<br />
In 1982, at the opening ceremony of the Shekou Branch of Nanyang Commercial Bank, Yuan Geng announced that the handling fee had been halved, which won a burst of warm applause. At that time, some comrades did not understand, and later the facts proved Yuan Geng's strategic vision. This measure played a good role in attracting foreign investment.<br />
<br />
在日本三洋（蛇口）公司的开业典礼上，袁庚风趣地对来宾说： <br />
<br />
At the opening ceremony of Japan Sanyo (Shekou) Company, Yuan Geng said humorously to the guests:<br />
<br />
“先生们，我们希望你们赚钱，你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, we hope you can make money, and we win when you make money."<br />
<br />
这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说： <br />
<br />
This certainly didn't mean in any way that we didn't want to make money. Yuan Geng also said to the bosses of Western oil companies:<br />
<br />
“先生们，我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来，那就看我的本事了。” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, I'm going to take money out of your pockets. And whether I can get the money depends on my ability."<br />
<br />
对这些坦率的语言，老板们总是报以掌声。 <br />
<br />
The bosses always applauded such frank words.<br />
<br />
但是，如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益，那就错了。 <br />
<br />
However, it would be wrong to think that Yuan Geng disregarded the principles of socialism and the interests of workers.<br />
<br />
在根本问题上，袁庚是坚定不移的。 <br />
<br />
On the fundamental issue, Yuan Geng was steadfast.<br />
<br />
1983年5月，由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震动整个工业区的事件。 <br />
<br />
In May 1983, an incident that shook the entire industrial zone occurred at the Kaida Toy Factory, which was wholly owned and operated by Hong Kong Kaida Industries Limited.<br />
<br />
一个时期以来，这家工厂为了追求超额利润，强迫工人超时加班，有时干到凌晨4点甚至6点，一个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地，工人发病率急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为工业区人们议论的焦点。 <br />
<br />
For a period of time, in pursuit of super profits, this factory forced workers to work overtime, sometimes as late as 4 a.m. or even 6 a.m., with one worker doing the work of the two. Many workers fainted from exhaustion, and the morbidity rate of workers rose sharply. Those who refused to work overtime would be fired. The Kaida factory became the focus of discussion in the industrial zone.<br />
<br />
5月下旬，工业区召开首届团代会，凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季，接受了大量订单，正在拼命赶工。尽管团代会是晚上举行，并不占用正常的劳动时间，厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳萍平时劳动质量好，效率高，很少出差错，可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停工，罪名是”拒绝加班”。 <br />
<br />
In late May, the industrial zone held the first League Member Congress, and Zheng Yanping, a female worker in the Kaida factory was a representative of league members. However, at this time, the factory accepted a large number of orders to meet the key season for sales of International Children's Day, and was desperately trying to catch up with the work. Although the congress was held in the evening and didn't take up the normal working time, the factory still didn't allow Zheng Yanping to attend. Zheng Yanping usually had good labor quality and high efficiency, and rarely made mistakes, but because she attended the League Member Congress, the factory still unreasonably stopped her work with the charge of "refusing to work overtime".<br />
<br />
工人们愤怒了！蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下，岂能任资本家为所欲为！ <br />
<br />
The workers were angry! After all, Shekou was ruled by socialism. How could they let the capitalists do whatever they want!<br />
<br />
共青团管不了工厂的事，工会来管。 <br />
<br />
Matters beyond the Communist Youth League's control, could be controlled by trade union.<br />
<br />
凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的一个大厂，当时有1200多名工人，占工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候，管委会副主任熊秉权说：“凯达厂工会搞不起来，整个工业区等于没搞！”厂工会建立起来了，由工业区团委副书记端木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘，别看才23岁，已经做了三年团的专职干部，在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿舍，她就向工业区领导写过一个调查报告，当时招商局从全局考虑，没把这件事闹大，平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报工业区领导。 <br />
<br />
The Kaida factory was a large factory with early investment and a large number of workers in the industrial zone, which had more than 1200 workers, accounting for one-third of the total number of workers in the zone. When preparing for the establishment of trade union, Xiong Bingquan, the deputy director of the management committee, said: "If the Kaida factory trade union could not be organized, the entire industrial zone was not built too!" The factory trade union was established, and Duanmu Mo, the deputy secretary of the League Committee of the industrial zone, was also the chairman of the union. This girl with glasses from Lianyungang, Jiangsu, although only 23 years old, had been a full-time cadre of the league for three years, who was unequivocal on matters of principle. Last year, she wrote an investigation report to the leaders of the industrial zone about the illegal search of workers' dormitories in the Kaida factory. At that time, China Merchants Groups considered the big picture, and didn't escalate, resolving it peacefully. Now Duanmu Mo promptly reported the situation to the leaders of the industrial zone step by step.<br />
<br />
报告送到袁庚手里。 <br />
<br />
The report was sent to Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
袁庚没见过郑艳萍，但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道，近来更关心着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng had never met Zheng Yanping, but he had dealt with the female workers in the Kaida factory three years ago. Recently, he was more concerned about their recent situation. He had fatherly feelings for them.<br />
<br />
1981年，袁庚从香港过来，听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡，没有桌子写信，写信要在走廊里写，有些人想家流泪，马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心，安慰工人，答应三天内一定解决她们的困难，临走伸出小手指说： <br />
<br />
In 1981, Yuan Geng came from Hong Kong and heard that the female workers in the Kaida Factory had no hot water for bathing, no table for writing letters, who had written them in the corridor, and some of them were homesick with tears. So he immediately went to the dormitory with Liu Qinglin, the deputy director, and Yu Weiping, the office director, to visit the workers. He had a heart-to-heart talk with the workers, comforted them, promising to solve their problems within three days. Before leaving, he stretched out his little finger and said:<br />
<br />
“你们信不信我的话？要不要勾手指？” <br />
<br />
"Do you believe me or not? Do you want to have a pinkie promise?"<br />
<br />
姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲，脸上的愁云一扫而光，开朗地笑了：“我们相信！” <br />
<br />
The girls did not expect the commander-in-chief to be so amiable, and the sad clouds on their faces were swept away and they smiled broadly: "We believe you!"<br />
<br />
“我们相信！”这不是相信袁庚他个人，而是相信党，相信社会主义啊！如今厂方对待工人无理到这种地步，再让步就丧失原则了。 <br />
<br />
"We believe you!" This was not to believe in Yuan Geng personally, but to believe in the Party, to believe in socialism! Now the factory treated the workers unreasonably to such an extent, and it would be a loss of principle to give in again.<br />
<br />
他激动地在报告上批道： <br />
<br />
He excitedly criticized in the report:<br />
<br />
“加班应是自愿原则，要找资方严肃讲清楚，不准他们胡来。” <br />
<br />
"Overtime work should be voluntary. We should make it clear to the management seriously, and don’t allow them to mess about with it."<br />
<br />
替工人说话，帮郑艳萍复工，维护独资企业工人的合法权益，工会是责无旁贷的。 <br />
<br />
It was the duty of the trade union to speak for the workers, help Zheng Yanping to resume work, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the workers of the sole proprietorship.<br />
<br />
根据他的批示精神，端木默深入女工宿舍，反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加班，找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后，往往谈到一两点钟。有的工人怕老板报复，在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲，常在深夜去敲她的门。经过一个多月的艰苦劳动，终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委，赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强，工作认真负责，积极主动。 <br />
<br />
According to his instructions, Duanmu Mo went deep into the female workers' dormitory and repeatedly made a lot of investigations. As workers had to work overtime, she usually talked to workers after 12 o'clock at night, often talking to one or two o'clock. Some workers were afraid of retaliation from the boss, they didn't dare to talk in front of others in the dormitory, and often knocked on her door late at night. After more than a month of hard work, she finally mastered a large number of first-hand materials. The Shenzhen Federation of Trade Unions Working Group once wrote to the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone for it, praising Comrade Duanmu Mo for her high vigilance, strong organization, conscientious and responsible work, activeness and initiative.<br />
<br />
接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
<br />
厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
<br />
斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
<br />
的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
<br />
工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
<br />
十四、玫瑰之城<br />
<br />
“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
<br />
二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
<br />
刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
<br />
67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
<br />
“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
<br />
刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
<br />
他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
<br />
“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
<br />
联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
<br />
5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
<br />
如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
<br />
我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
<br />
我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
<br />
龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
<br />
“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
<br />
“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
<br />
“你有什么打算?”<br />
<br />
“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
<br />
“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
<br />
“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
<br />
在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
<br />
十五、激动的工程师<br />
<br />
7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
<br />
蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
<br />
边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
<br />
“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
<br />
的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
<br />
“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
<br />
46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
<br />
他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
<br />
王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
<br />
袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
<br />
管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
<br />
当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
<br />
“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
<br />
“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
<br />
“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
<br />
“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
<br />
“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
<br />
“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
<br />
“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
<br />
“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
<br />
“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
<br />
了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
<br />
父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
<br />
“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
<br />
当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
<br />
“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
<br />
“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
<br />
“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
<br />
“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
<br />
第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
<br />
12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
<br />
1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
<br />
王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
<br />
“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
<br />
“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
<br />
“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
<br />
“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
<br />
“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
<br />
“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
<br />
“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
<br />
王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
<br />
十六、年轻的总经理<br />
<br />
一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
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说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
<br />
“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
<br />
只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
<br />
她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
<br />
“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
<br />
“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
<br />
“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
<br />
“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=155822Report CN EN 032023-06-13T05:09:32Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：10.热血男儿Hot-blooded Man */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情Obsession==<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with Long Hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies were always covered; whereas in the West, people loved nudity, which seemed to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个ー丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there was a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush and painting a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting was not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, had you ever thought that some of us would cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us would stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, would come like snowflakes. You might even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Were you fearless, or seized by a whim? You were out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he was painting.<br />
<br />
他站在一间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着一支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着ー张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stood in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looked disheveled, and his bosom was stained with different colors. His hair was long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there was a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exactly did you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound Train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it was today. The platforms were clean, the corridors were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the regions south of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North…<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像一块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, and cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man--that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes…"<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me…"<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows — the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"On a business trip? Or visit family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student at Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone…"<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What…"<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break…"<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man!"<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. The resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
"So I don't understand art…"<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多少欢聚与悲离的 故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉一线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小伙子,而是一个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
During the long journey, as the young people of the same generation, it was the fate to meet each other in this running train! In life, many stories of reunion and departure were drawn by the heavy line across the land! The girl was close to the small table by the window, resting her chin in the hand, listening to the young man talk, and watching his expression. It seemed that he was not a young guy, but a strong and confident man. Calculating his age, he was even a few years older than the girl. Why did he give that illusion before? Alas, the age of men was really hard to guess...<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为一个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是一个有抱负、有才华的人!”<br />
<br />
Out of the female’s sensitivity, the girl suddenly felt shy and embarrassed. The condescending arrogance that she had just showed was now reversed and replaced by her hazy admiration. The girl looked at the painter's dress again, and the non-matching colors of black and red were not so conspicuous. Although the painter's cotton jacket was still so black, the collar of the underwear was still so crooked, and the hair was still so disheveled, in the eyes of the girl, they all became the evidence that the young man was a bachelor who was immersed in art and had no time to take care of himself, which touched the girl's heart of compassion: "It seems that he is an ambitious and talented man!"<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
The painter took out his drawing board, spread the paper and said to the girl, "Please allow me to make a sketch of you."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
The girl nodded her head.<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简直像一个拙笨的新手。好半天,才抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
The painter drew very slowly, feeling ill at ease. The more he tried to draw well, the more nervous he became, and the brush was out of control. He was like a clumsy novice. After a long time, he apologized and said, "Sorry, I didn’t draw well…"<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来一看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会”了画家的灵犀。<br />
<br />
When the girl took it and looked, two red clouds rose on her cheeks. This sketch was not as good as the one of the mechanic, and those rigid lines were flaws of the work. To say it bluntly, she looked uglier in the painting than she really was. Is that what I look like? The girl had a reason to make a protest. However, she understood and forgave the painter with a sweet smile. Honestly, she didn't even want to see him too calm, too relaxed, like facing the model in the studio. The girl no longer regarded "resemblance in appearance" as so important, and she “understood tacitly” the painter's spirit.<br />
<br />
画纸的一角是签名和年月——袁运生,画于1964年2月。<br />
<br />
In one corner of the paper were the signature and date--Yuan Yunsheng, painted in February 1964.<br />
<br />
画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "Give it to you."<br />
<br />
姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
<br />
The girl said, "Thank you, I’ll keep it as a memory."<br />
<br />
“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信地址?”<br />
<br />
"You see, I was so careless that I forgot to ask your name." The painter said, "Could you write down your mailing address?"<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
<br />
The girl smiled: "My name is Zhang Lanying." And she wrote down the address on the painter's sketchbook.<br />
<br />
火车抵达浦口,他们已经像一对熟识的老朋友了。从一个艺术型的医学院学生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
<br />
When the train arrived in Pukou, they already looked like two old friends. Many common temperaments could be found between an artistic medical student and a serious artist. The passengers on the same train thought they had known each other for a long time and treated them as a couple, saying goodbye to them with the appellation of “you two”.<br />
<br />
画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空一样清澈,像江水一样深沉……<br />
<br />
The painter sent the girl to the shore of the Yangtze River, a wet wind blowing from the river. It was time to part, and both of them were reluctant to leave. Lanying looked at Yuan Yunsheng with the warm and fond gaze, and that means everything! As clear as the sky, as deep as the river…<br />
<br />
呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江交织起来的一见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
Heh! Pretty girl, you were too sentimental. Did you know him? The story of love at first sight, woven by the main Beijing-Pukou line and the winding Yangtze River, was too indiscreet.<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
<br />
The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River <br />
<br />
在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,一只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认真地涂抹着油彩,画出一个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
<br />
In the days of glorious morning light of the 1950s, a young boy's delicate hand, holding a paintbrush, was earnestly spreading the paint on the linen to draw a little girl with the same earnest expression, who was imitating her sister's movement, tying a bright red scarf around her neck.<br />
<br />
这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐一样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
<br />
This oil painting was sent from Nantong in Jiangsu Province to Beijing as an assignment for applying for the highest academy of arts, presenting the young painter’s sparkling artistic talent and a crystal-clear heart. The title was "Growing up to be like my sister", painted by Yuan Yunsheng.<br />
<br />
看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年除夕送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出一批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的艺术功底。<br />
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When looking at this oil painting, people might think that the painter had a soft and gentle femininity. In fact, he was just the opposite. He was stubborn and unrestrained, like a boisterous colt. His love of painting since childhood was mainly influenced by his father. His father worked in a middle school in Nantong. In his spare time, he enthusiastically collected various fine art works. Every year on the New Year’s Eve, they would bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new, and his father would always hang a number of new paintings on the wall, including Chinese and foreign ones, like a small exhibition, full of the atmosphere of the art salon. The paintings collected at home gave Yuan Yunsheng some enlightenment in art. When he got a little bit older, he went to the Cultural Center in Nantong to participate in activities, attend lectures, learn to sketch, and paint, laying the first foundation of art.<br />
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当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来一副犟脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
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When he applied to the Central Academy of Fine Arts, his father said with worry: "The boy was born with stubbornness, which makes us uneasy."<br />
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哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,一个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人 需要有个性。”<br />
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His brother Yuan Yunfu, who was also involved in fine art, kept cheering him on: "Go ahead. people involved in fine art needs to have a personality."<br />
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1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
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In the summer of 1955, the Central Academy of Fine Arts announced the admission of new students, Yuan Yunsheng ranking the first.<br />
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如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画派。这是19世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画就像一部小说或一出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝圣者像请佛一样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
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If Yuan Yunsheng's work for the entrance examination could be classified as a certain school of art, it would be the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions. It was a progressive school of painting that emerged in Russia in the 19th century. It simulated life, emphasized themes, and focused on plot. A painting was like a novel or a play. It inherited Rembrandt’s tradition of realism and absorbed the Impressionism’s achievements in the use of light and color. After the October Revolution, it enjoyed the supreme position in the Soviet art circle and was invited to China by Chinese pilgrims, like inviting the Buddha. Of course, Yuan Yunsheng, only 17 years old, did not know the essence of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, let alone that the school of art was linked to the school of politics.<br />
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他像奔跑在艺术山野 里的小鹿,一头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
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Like a fawn running in the wilderness of art, he bumped into the arms of Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions.<br />
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袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身 好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件 和艺术才能的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖力气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严格的训练——<br />
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Yuan Yunsheng was highly regarded by the academy. He was born in a good family (it was rare to have such a family background at that time) and excelled in the examination. He sat in the first-year classroom with a nimbus of political condition and artistic talent hanging over his head. He was elected as the commissary of Communist Youth League in charge of organization, who was totally the epitome of a socialist-minded and professionally competent man. He was also a real hard worker, and was very stubborn, taking everything seriously. Under the guidance of Soviet-style teaching methods, he received strict training--<br />
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挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与被画者保持绝对的耐性 。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面 ”,画上一整天,只画了半个头像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履的中年人走过来,这是礼聘 来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供同学们观摩。<br />
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Choosing a HB pencil, and sharpening it, and sketching in front of male and female models. The models were recruited at a very high price, both nude and non-nude. Under certain lights, the painter and the object stayed absolutely patient. He sketched out the outline at first, figured out the “light and plane”, and then drew all day long, only to have half picture of the head; the next day, the same scene was repeated under the same conditions; then, a middle-aged man with a high nose and deep eyes, dressed in a suit, came over, who was an expert invited cordially. Whenever he passed behind Yuan Yunsheng, his face often showed a look of satisfaction. Yuan Yunsheng got five points for all his sketches and oil paintings, which were sometimes hung in the classroom or in the corridor for students to watch.<br />
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这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉柯夫教学体系。-袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀——苏联在中国土地上开办的艺术工厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
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That year, a sketch and oil painting teaching conference of national fine art academies was held in Beijing to promote the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union. A half-length portrait of a Chinese woman painted by Yuan Yunsheng was shown off on the conference--a standard mode produced by the art factory of the Soviet Union in China.<br />
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苏联专家的宠儿 ,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
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He was the favorite of the Soviet experts, and the pride of the Oil Painting Department. He had a lot of success and a bright future. He immersed himself in the painting all day long, with his hand keeping waving, like a devout disciple prostrating himself before his art idol, and praying that his soul would ascend to the temple of art, seating on a throne surrounded by roses with a crown of pearls… It was the highest ideal for college students majoring in oil painting at that time.<br />
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但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
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But the naive faith was not solid, like an edifice built on a thin and narrow foundation, which could easily collapse. Once it was subverted, it could cause endless troubles.<br />
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苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便朝那里走去。他停在一帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来一阵电灼般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
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Distress had come to him, and he brought it upon himself. One morning, he heard that there was an exhibition of paintings being held in the hall, and went there. He stopped in front of a sequence of copies of the oil paintings, casting a calm glance upon it, and his whole body felt an electric sensation. His heart was shaking, and his blood was boiling.<br />
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这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风 的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的感情,像酒一样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
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These were the works of the European Post-Impressionist painter Van Gogh, with ordinary and simple images: fields, haystacks, a clock reflected by the setting sun, and sunflowers in clay pots. In addition, there were some portraits of ordinary people: postmen, miners, movers, and inmates who were released for yard time. In these unpretentious pictures, the author poured out the strongest feelings, as strong as wine, like a flame burning!<br />
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看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格 。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生——向日葵,仿佛摇身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探求……这哪里是绘画呀 ,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每一线条和每一色块都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
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Look, the jagged trees were rebellious. The undulating earth seemed to tell of suffering. <br />
The painter poured deep feelings into those ordinary people. The still-life painting --sunflowers, seemed to turn into a living thing, stretching out its jumble of tentacles to the frozen space, capturing, swaying, and indefatigably seeking… It was not a painting, but a call of the painter's life, a representation of his character! Every line and every color block were flowing, coming through invisible channels to clamp people, annihilate them to a great vortex of emotion…<br />
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袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被一支锐利的艺术之箭射穿了。<br />
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Yuan Yunsheng walked out of the hall, with his legs wobbling, as if he was drunk, was hurt. His heart was pierced by a sharp arrow of art.<br />
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他回到宿舍,一头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高才生转瞬间变成西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
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He went back to the dormitory and threw himself onto the bed. It was ironic that a top student of the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union became a captive of the Western European Post-Impressionism in an instant.<br />
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宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地问 :“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
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When the door of the dormitory opened, his roommate came in. Seeing him pale and tired, he asked in surprise, "Yunsheng, what happened to you?"<br />
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“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
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"I went to see an exhibition of Van Gogh's paintings." Yuan Yunsheng sat up in bed and said, "I've never been so excited by the works of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions..."<br />
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他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的基础。有这个就够了。下一步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚 。<br />
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He expressed his thoughts. In his opinion, the merit of Soviet painting theory lied in the emphasis on placing the object under certain light, observing the levels and hues with a subtle look, and tracing it carefully, which was the basis of all paintings. It was enough. The next step was to break free and move forward, not to limit themselves.<br />
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他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧上了天 ,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在干着什么蠢事呀? ……<br />
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He was right. Throughout the history of art, each school had its own process of formation, development, vicissitudes, and ups and downs. The Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions deserved its place in the art circle without dispute. But once it was praised to the skies, and promoted by administrative means, it would be counterproductive and bring suffocating disaster to the art. In fact, in the 1950s, painters all over the world, including Soviet painters, were running, exploring and innovating. And how stupid we were! ...<br />
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袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头 ,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
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Yuan Yunsheng said excitedly: "We follow behind them and pick up what they have thrown away!"<br />
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好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,一个几亿人的社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎 。<br />
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His good friends were familiar with his character and sympathized with his comments, but they worried about him. At that time, a society of hundreds of millions of people prostrated itself before Soviet idols, and his words were tantamount to a form of blasphemy.<br />
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从那以后,他变得不大安分了, 一头温驯的伏尔加式的 小鹿,现出烈性马驹的本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标。<br />
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From then on, he became rebel. A tame fawn, like the one on the Volga car, showed the true colors of a boisterous colt. In addition to completing the homework as usual, he improvised with mixed painting techniques, as if he was pursuing an ethereal goal.<br />
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目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
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The goal, was finally found, unexpectedly close at hand.<br />
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从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭一张学生证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹…… <br />
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From the Shuaifuyuan where the Central Academy of Fine Arts was located, crossing the big roundabout between Wangfujing and Bamiancao, the Donghua Gate of the National Palace Museum was about a mile away. At that time, students from the Academy of Fine Arts enjoyed a special privilege. They could freely enter the imperial garden of ancient Chinese art with only a student ID card. Here he saw Chen Laolian’s “Bogu Yezi (A kind of card played while drinking in ancient China)” in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan’s “Qingming Shanghe Tu (Along the River During the Qingming Festival)” in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a large number of authentic works of famous painters of the Tang Dynasty…<br />
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他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
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His favorite work was the "Luo Shen Fu (The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River)" by Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.<br />
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长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象力!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人,栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱翔……<br />
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Long scroll, romantic conception, how imaginative! The landscape was peaceful and spacious, with quiet and wonderful rivers and mountains; the figures were lifelike, dancing in the air. Was the resemblance in appearance? Was the resemblance in spirit? Between likeness and unlikeness, that was the author's mind soaring…<br />
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他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条表现出高超的魅力。<br />
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He put his eyes close to the scroll. The brush strokes, appearing ageless for thousands of years, like the spring silkworms spinning fine and exquisite silk, drew freely. He thought of the Soviet oil painting theory that denied the existence of lines. But in Chinese painting, the general and terse lines showed the high charm.<br />
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站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他的思绪如抛出的一缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
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Standing in this ancient resplendent hall, a long flowing river of art swept passed by before his eyes, and his thoughts stretched out like a wisp of gossamer. If we compared the fashionable Western art and the ancient Oriental art to two poles, there seemed to be something between the two poles that was closely related. Oh, he understood. When we got into a mut, ignored what was near and seek what was far away, those elves and devils of abstractionism, fauvism, modernism and futurism quietly got essence and extracted nutrients from the Oriental art to strengthen their bodies. That was the secret.<br />
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祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
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Motherland, your art is not water, not wine, not milk, but the magical royal jelly!<br />
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虎丘<br />
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Huqiu<br />
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兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
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After parting with the painter in Pukou, Lanying returned to school in Suzhou. In the blink of an eye, it was March. With spring breeze and newly sprouted willow trees, the town of flowing water under bridges liked a young girl, who was unveiled, affectionate with a lot of charm. <br />
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姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
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The girl's state of mind was also bright like waking spring.<br />
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她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认识一下,如果手头有照片,请寄来一张。<br />
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She received the painter’s letter from Nantong. The style of writing was free and easy. In the girl’s words: "The level is quite high!" The letter recalled the unforgettable scene on the train and expressed his feelings of missing her. He also said that his parents and brothers would like to get to know the girl, and if she had photos, please sent one.<br />
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兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选一张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息一样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
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Lanying opened the photo album without hesitation, selected a small photo, attached a short reply, and sent it to Nantong. This small act contained an unusual meaning, just like the shortest electromagnetic microwave can transmit significant information, it clearly expressed: the girl agreed to be his girlfriend.<br />
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兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
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Lanying's upbringing conditioned her to making her own decisions. She was born in Shandong province and grew up in the regions south of the Yangtze River. After her parents died, she moved with the troops from childhood. Wherever she went, it was her home, and she developed the ability to live independently. Over the years, she always received the warmth from the group and her female companions, but was never constrained. Perhaps she was a bit spoiled and coaxed by others, which made her form a stubborn personality.<br />
<br />
此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,一见钟情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
<br />
At the moment, she had a novel feeling that she was happier than the people around her. Because she had a right man in her heart, who affected her emotions. She silently enjoyed the secret pleasure of the young girl in love for the first time. She even imagined that once the secret was revealed, how surprised and envious her female companions would be! In their minds, her vison was very high. She was great looking and came from a privileged background. No male classmates dared to develop a relationship with her. It was not easy to take her fancy. It was done so artfully, neither by her parents’ choice, nor by the match-maker’s recommendation. She met him on a trip, and fell in love at first sight, bringing everything lime a whirlwind, so that the girl was full of desire for a better life. It was really romantic! So, she wove the future scenarios with sweet silk, anxiously waiting for the response from Nantong. Did he receive her letter? Would the painter's parents comment her when looking at her photo? Was she too pretty, or not enough? Alas! It was really hard to guess… The girl's heart was like the weather in the south of the Yangtze River in March. The temperature and weather changed abruptly.<br />
<br />
学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
<br />
The school was preparing for the Women's Day celebration. Lanying was the commissary in charge of entertainment of the class, a major role that bore a heavy burden of responsibility. The time passed quickly as she arranged the programs, made a blackboard newspaper, and decorated the venue.<br />
<br />
“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄起话筒,一惊一喜——那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
<br />
On Woman’s Day, the curtain was opened, and everyone was watching the stage. Suddenly someone called Lanying to answer the phone. She took up the microphone, and was surprised and delighted--it was the painter calling from the school's reception office.<br />
<br />
兰英极力掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,一阵风似的跑到学校的门口。<br />
<br />
Lanying tried to hide his excitement, turned to the students, vaguely explained a few words, and ran to the school gate like a gust of wind.<br />
<br />
画家站在那里,手中照例拿着一个速写本。<br />
<br />
The painter stood there, holding a sketchbook in his hand as usual.<br />
<br />
“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
<br />
"When did you arrive?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I just got off the train. I was passing through here after the home leave." The painter said.<br />
<br />
“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
<br />
"Please come in, do you … want to draw some sketches for our celebration?"<br />
<br />
“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……” <br />
<br />
"Not going in. I'd like to invite you out for a walk…"<br />
<br />
兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意味着向人生的一个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
<br />
Lanying hesitated for a moment. She was willing to accept the request, but also felt embarrassed. Since she entered the period of youth and became mature, Lanying spent this day with her female companions every year. Today she was going to leave her group, which meant saying goodbye to a stage of life. She thought about the discipline of the school, the opinion of classmates...<br />
<br />
“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
<br />
"Where are we going?" Lanying asked shyly.<br />
<br />
“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
<br />
"Huqiu." The painter's expression did not change.<br />
<br />
当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
<br />
When they got off the bus and stood at the foot of Huqiu Hill, the girl's uneasy heart was quieted down and relaxed. <br />
<br />
和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深”。沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
<br />
Compared with the small gardens in Suzhou City, Huqiu was a broad and quiet place to visit. The first two lines of Bai Juyi's poem on Huqiu were " The temple doesn't look far away, but it's very deep in the garden.” Walking along the stone path to the garden, there were many pines and cypresses, clear and blue sword pool, thick and tall groves of bamboo hiding the buildings and pavilions on the hillside: Temple of Chloris, Three Smiles pavilion... Walking deeper and there was more quiet, like walking into a sweet dream.<br />
<br />
这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在一起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
<br />
It was the first time Lanying had been alone with a man. There were mysterious waves in the girl’s heart. She felt that she had a lot to say to the painter, but she didn't know where to start.<br />
<br />
“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
<br />
"Have you received the photo?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I received. My family saw it and they all like you." The painter said.<br />
<br />
可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术。他对这一带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而倾倒。<br />
<br />
But the painter soon changed the subject. He commented on the local customs and culture of Suzhou and introduced the plastic art of the regions south of the Yangtze River. He seemed to be familiar with the area and knew a lot of anecdotes. The girl listened to him with great interest and was overwhelmed with admiration by the painter's profound knowledge.<br />
<br />
前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去 ,仿佛在祝福这一对美好的情侣。突然,一股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
<br />
Huqiu Pagoda was just ahead. The towering spire thrust into the blue sky and white clouds, magnificent and magical. Lanying and the painter ran towards the top of the hill with excitement. The painter stretched out his strong arm to support the girl. They were so close to each other, feeling the heat of each other's breath and heart beating. Pines, cypresses, and bamboo forests swayed backwards, as if they were blessing the wonderful couple. Suddenly, with a blazing feeling, they both stopped at the same time.<br />
<br />
这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰一样醉红,双唇像微微绽开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己一样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后一瞬……<br />
<br />
Here was surrounded by hills and trees, empty and silent. The painter stared at the girl with a frank and honest look; Lanying closed her eyes happily, ready to receive a baptism of love that would never be forgotten. The golden sunlight, through the branches of the trees, cast waving shadows on the girl’s face. Her cheeks were as red as roses, and her lips were like slightly blooming petals, more beautiful than usual. What a pure girl. Opening the window of her heart, there wasn’t any trace of dust and impurities. Although it was her second meeting with the painter, she trusted him and life as she trusted herself. Hold her tight, kiss her with fervor. She would be yours forever, from now until the last moment of your life…<br />
<br />
“兰英,我要告诉你一件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是‘右派’！”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I’ll tell you something." What she heard at this moment was the painter’s calm voice, “The first time was too late and the second time is not too late. I was classed as a 'rightist' when I was in college. Really, it was the 'rightist'!”<br />
<br />
霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
<br />
All of a sudden, the hills and trees, the ancient pagoda, were frozen in a deathly silence…<br />
<br />
孤岛上<br />
On a Lonely Island<br />
<br />
到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。1957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
<br />
Have you ever been to an island of the sea? The water and sky seemed to be mixed up together. The clouds came and went, and tide rose and fell. The island was a poem, a fresh and meaningful poem. At the turn of spring and summer in 1957, Yuan Yunsheng was in a poetic environment.<br />
<br />
他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
<br />
He went deep into the life on the island and practice drawing from nature. The Central Academy of Fine Arts required that second-year students had a two-month internship course; before the summer vacation, students went to different parts of the country. He and another student were the only ones who participated in the trip to the island. It was located on the shore of the Yellow Sea. There were only troops on the island, and no residents for miles around. The island provided him with a fortunate environment, getting away from the noise and disputes of the human world, and escaping the violent turmoil that happened in the mainland.<br />
<br />
小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体 ,心情是焦渴的。当蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
<br />
People on the island were closest to nature. Every morning, carrying the paint box on his back, he wandered on the beach covered with light yellow gravel and welcomed the first ray of happy sunshine. At the age of only eighteen, Yuan Yunsheng had already stood out from the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions and became a hazy composite of Chinese Classicism Painting and Western Modernism Painting, who was anxious. The blue sea sprinkled ten thousand golden stars and the sunglow filled his heart with brilliant colors. It was the moment when the young artist's life was burning. He hurriedly opened the paint box, spread the canvas and accepted the generous offer of nature.<br />
<br />
小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左右,才有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
<br />
The island was simple. Politics was proportional to the population, and there were fewer political topics here. Only a barge arrived to deliver newspapers and mail every ten days or so. While he and his companion were eating, they hastily opened the newspapers and skim through them. He was curious about the articles that appeared in the newspaper:<br />
<br />
“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好啦……”<br />
<br />
"Beijing is allowing the people to express their views now. This article is interesting. This opinion should be adopted. Changing it like this will be good…"<br />
<br />
他看完报纸一扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块和线条的运用。<br />
<br />
He threw the newspaper away after reading it and then forgot about it. He did not care about anything else except painting. His road of life was bright, full of sunshine, with no clouds hanging over him and nothing to worry about. All he cared about was the use of light, color blocks and lines.<br />
<br />
年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队的宣传干事带到一间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
<br />
The only political question the young artist faced was raised by the local soldiers. One day, he was taken to a humble shed by a publicity officer of the troops, and a pair of trusting eyes were cast upon him.<br />
<br />
“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, you have asked to go to another island to paint, right?"<br />
<br />
“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
<br />
"Yes, we want to go there."<br />
<br />
“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
<br />
"The troops have studied it. You can go, but your classmate stays."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查 。你们学校填写了两份材料,你的情况单纯 。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
<br />
"A permanent military project is being built on the island. Those who go there have to pass a political vetting. Your college filled out two documents, and your background is simple. Your classmate can't go, mainly because of family problems…"<br />
<br />
袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是一种荣幸,既然生活当中存在这样一些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng frowned. It was an honor to be invited alone. Since there were such rules in life, he went to there alone and no one could blame it. But it brought him more trouble than excitement. He knew his classmates. They were all members of the Communist Youth League and were the backbone of the students. Why should they be distinguished? With his artistic way of thinking, he decided that it was a proposition of conscience and friendship.<br />
<br />
“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
<br />
"Hey, I got it." He went back to the dorm and said to his companion, "The island is building fortifications, drilling and blasting, filled with smoke. There is nothing to paint. We've been out for a long time, let's just go back to the college!"<br />
<br />
不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大 登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活见鬼 !中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
<br />
Soon, he and his classmate crossed the sea and landed at Lvda City. The cool sea breeze blew against the beautiful city, arousing interest in sightseeing. They wandered the streets. The scenery was charming, the buildings were quirky and everywhere was full of Russian atmosphere. When Yuan looked up at the signposts, which wrote the street names like “Makarov”, he complained: "Damn it! Why does the street of a Chinese city have to be named after a Russian general? What a bummer…" A few days later, they stood in the blue harbor, casting a last glance at the ocean waves, and turned around to set foot on the way back.<br />
<br />
不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
<br />
He didn’t expect that it was a farewell to the blue life.<br />
<br />
北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷 ,使海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头 ,有碍“百花齐放”。袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
<br />
Beijing had changed. Returning from the island, he was amazed by the swift counterattack, the overwhelming criticism, and the petals scattered on the ground in the campus. What puzzled him most was the situation of Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the academy. He heard that the secretary of the Party Committee made a mistake because he advocated the revolutionary school of painting too far, which hindered "all flowers blooming together". Yuan Yunsheng really didn’t understand what the “revolutionary school of painting” had to do with the “rightist”.<br />
<br />
袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? 一连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng hid in the dormitory, immersing himself in gathering up his sketches. Perhaps, he was safe. He advocated inheriting ancient Chinese art and drawing on western modern art, which should be conducive to the "blooming of a hundred flowers". How could he not be safe. For several days, he chased the white clouds, waves and seagulls, lost in the memories of his trip to the sea…<br />
<br />
有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像一个漏了税的走私犯接受审讯。<br />
<br />
One day, he was suddenly called to the classroom and stood in front of the people, like a smuggler being tried for tax evasion.<br />
<br />
摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名——“反苏” 。 <br />
<br />
He was faced with a host of problems: deviant views in art, sympathetic remarks to the "rightist", "poisoning" on the island and in Lvda, and a terrible accusation throughout it--"anti-Soviet".<br />
<br />
究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐 ,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
<br />
The answer to who denounced him could be found by using elementary mathematics, but it was meaningless. Since he had thought so, and said, he said bluntly to anyone, with an honest heart.<br />
<br />
他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他一挥手:“请你到外面等一会儿。”<br />
<br />
He racked his brain to repeat what he had said, and the presenter waved to him: "Please wait outside for a moment."<br />
<br />
他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听见屋里在争论。<br />
<br />
He left the classroom and stood in the corridor, feeling relieved and comfortable. The corridor was only one door away from the classroom, and he heard an argument in the room.<br />
<br />
有人说:“够了……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "That's enough…”<br />
<br />
有人说:“还不够……”<br />
<br />
Someone said: "Not enough...”<br />
<br />
有人说:“态度还好……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "The attitude is not bad…"<br />
<br />
他的好友在替他争辩,另一些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
<br />
His best friends were arguing for him, and others were insisting on something, which sounded interesting. Then there was silence… Then, he was called back to the classroom.<br />
<br />
“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, after research, you've been classified as a 'rightist'!"<br />
<br />
政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色——红与黑。点朱泼墨,二者居其一,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不同,观点对立,照样用黑笔一勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
<br />
The oil painting box of the political movement had only two colors--red and black, which was different from the oil painting box of the artist. The only way to choose between cinnabar and ink was to rely on fortune-telling. He and Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, were of different ages, different background colors, and opposing views, but they were both outlined by black brushes with the same destination and the painting procedures were highly simplified.<br />
<br />
晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
<br />
In the evening, he rode the bike to Baijiazhuang, where his brother Yuan Yunfu lived. He rocked back in the sofa: "I am."<br />
<br />
哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
<br />
His brother smiled and asked, "What are you?"<br />
<br />
“我是’右派’了。”<br />
<br />
"I'm a 'rightist' now."<br />
<br />
“呵?”哥哥大吃一惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
<br />
"Huh?" His brother was astonished, "What mistake did you make?"<br />
<br />
“我没犯错误。”<br />
<br />
"I didn't make a mistake."<br />
<br />
“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
<br />
"Then why are you classified as a 'rightist'?"<br />
<br />
“他们说我是,就是啰 。”<br />
<br />
"They said I am. So I am."<br />
<br />
“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
<br />
"No! No!" His brother was trembling.<br />
<br />
“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
<br />
"What’s wrong with that?" He said evenly, "I still paint, still go to school, still engage in arts."<br />
<br />
他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山造湖,兴修水库,一颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地指挥部,请求一边干活一边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人来访。<br />
<br />
He really did not know pain yet. Soon after, hundreds of thousands of people in the capital swarmed to the out to the suburbs to move mountains and create lakes and build reservoirs in the gorge of the Ming Tombs, and a naive heart was touched. He thought how good it would be to see so many people working together to do one thing. He took his oil painting box and rode more than one hundred miles by bike to the construction headquarters, asking to be able to work and spent his spare time painting. They refused, explaining that according to the regulations, they would not accept personal visits.<br />
<br />
又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他一个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
<br />
Shortly afterward, he went into the construction site by bus with a large group of people from the Central Academy of Fine Arts. How excited he was! He did as much work alone as several men together, carrying six baskets for holding earth on one pole, and running fast on the rugged mountain road. At noon, when others took a nap, he held his painting clipboard and went to the mountain to paint under the scorching sun. Until he was exhausted and staggered back to the shed, he still didn’t feel bitter. Because it was her own choice. He was motivated by the boiling life and generously gave his energy, feeling that it was a great pleasure.<br />
<br />
可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成呵斥的嗓门,一张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了——仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
<br />
But the atmosphere in the shed had changed. The students gathered around him, pointing at him, and saying that he was disobedient, did not accept reform, and should not paint anymore… He was stunned. He didn’t know that it was a criticism meeting, and he didn’t understand what they said. He only felt that familiar eyes became harsh eyes, intimate expressions became indifferent expressions, and peaceful voices became scolding voices. Their mouths were moving, and their hands were shaking. Suddenly he understood--just one thing: he was different from others!<br />
<br />
他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
<br />
He opened his bloodshot eyes wide, wriggled his dry lips, and fell down with his hands on his head.<br />
<br />
过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
<br />
Because of overwork and mental stimulation, he contracted serious dysentery. The illness dragged on from summer to winter, and later he was sent to an unheated hut at college.<br />
<br />
小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活 ,学校当局不再放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他才感到了痛苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出一串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
<br />
The hut was cold and damp, where dripping water could freeze. His body was hot with a high fever. College authorities were no longer concerned about his condition. A year ago, he was the pride of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, who became an abandoned orphan now. He felt the pain, the pain of being strangled in art, exceeding the physical pain, like being pushed into a terrible hell. No! In the spiritual realm of art, there was only heaven, not hell. He was forced to learn to be inferior, but he could never learn it. In a coma, cluttered thoughts were flashing, as if he was flying after the seagulls, and dancing with the Goddess of the Luo River. He tossed and turned and struggled, with a series of moans, as if not willing to sink, but to climb out of the dark hell…<br />
<br />
屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
<br />
A faint white light came through the door and he heard the sound of footsteps. Looking there attentively, he found that his friend stood in front of the bed, casting sympathetic and concerned eyes at him.<br />
<br />
他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是一种负担。我需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
<br />
He sat up quickly: "Please don't come to see me again. I understand that it is a burden for others to be close to me. I need friendship, but not pity. What I need now is solitude, solitude, let me be alone!"<br />
<br />
新月<br />
<br />
The Crescent Moon<br />
<br />
夕阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野 闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对青年男女。<br />
<br />
The setting sun cast a golden glow on Huqiu and fell to the other side of the hill. The clear and quiet lights shimmered on the hill, which was connected to the transparent dusk, reflecting the stately profile of the millennium pagoda, like a contemplative old man overlooking a young couple on the hill.<br />
<br />
这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们一页一页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像一阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只残忍的巨手一挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择 。<br />
<br />
This moment was long enough for Lanying. There were tragedies and comedies in love stories that had been passed down through the ages, attracting people to read them page by page. However, the second page of Lanying's story was unbearable. The tender feelings of a girl who was in her first love: happiness, novelty, joy… For an instant they vanished like a gust of wind, as if with the wave of a cruel hand, everything sank, everything disappeared, and a problem was put before the girl, severe, cold, and emotionless, turning the sweet assignment into a cold choice of stakes.<br />
<br />
在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的一群 ,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以“杀气腾腾”“煽风点火 ”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁愿与鬼蜮联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
<br />
In those years, in this land, as long as people mentioned the "rightist", a bunch of greys flashed before their eyes, like shadows, like ghosts, as if they killed a man, committed arson, or poison something. It seemed that they were all charged with “murder”, “fanning the flames”, “drug trafficking” and so on. Their souls were sentenced to death, leaving only soulless shells of bodies. The shell, could breathe but could not speak, and must work but could not harvest. The only tolerance that society gave them was to give them more time than convicts sentenced to death, turning their shells into mud. Who would want to be married to a ghost? Who wanted to be with a zombie? Lanying faced such a choice.<br />
<br />
在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每一个姑娘都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵——询问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,工资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称一称。爱情的内容转变了,转变为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义 。<br />
<br />
In an environment where marriage and politics were tied together, every girl had to make considerations, either to enjoy honor, or to have misfortunes with her husband. Under the same dusk, how many girls in the world were considering it--asking the man’s family background, political affiliation, education background, job, salary, rank… asking his direct value and everything indirectly translated into value, and then weighing them on the balance of love. The content of love had been transformed into the process of exchange of commodities, which gradually became common and natural.<br />
<br />
兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算 。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
<br />
Lanying had more rights to make her own decisions. She was receiving higher education. She would be a nurse in the future, whose had blood of martyrs in her veins. The organization was considering her to join the Communist Party of China. She was as proud as a daughter of an eminent family, as beautiful as Snow White… Every intersection of life would provide the green light for her. with sons from aristocratic families for her to choose and high position and great wealth to enjoy. But life seemed to play ticks on her. It was the black devil who came to her side, not the angel of love. It was not late to break off the relationship with him at once, and there was no obligation on conscience and morality.<br />
<br />
兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越 ,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气 。因此,她还不懂得利害。<br />
<br />
Lanying lost in painful thought. She was in a privileged situation and had pure experiences, remaining unspotted from the world. Therefore, she did not understand the stakes.<br />
<br />
政治运动对姑娘来说,像一场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些“右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她还时常听到这样的告诫:有才华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不断得到强化。<br />
<br />
The political movement was like a vague dream for the girl. In 1957, she was an innocent girl studying in middle school. She took part in the denunciation, with her mouth, with her pen, with her outraged feeling. The war was over before she could see the enemies clearly. She only saw the backs of the prisoners. Later, when the girl was a little older, whenever she heard that someone was a "rightist", she could not help but look at him with curiosity. She saw that most of the "rightists" were scholars, professors, artists, writers, business backbone, celebrities and so on. She also often heard the admonition: talented people often had strong personalities; people with strong personalities often suffered setbacks. The direct and converse theorem of real life had been repeated in various tones, and the girl’s impression of it was constantly reinforced.<br />
<br />
抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的嘲讽。<br />
<br />
The abstract concept of friend or foe formed a concrete conclusion in the girl's mind, which was a sad mockery of the solemn political movement.<br />
<br />
眼前的画家又是一个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离经叛道的歧路 ,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为政治问题?为什么要让一个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的才华……什么是才华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下一颗蓝色的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
<br />
The painter before her was another example. Because the painter opposed the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, he was declared to be on an unorthodox and evil path and was sentenced to death in politics. The girl could not understand why the issue of art had to be turned into a political issue? Why should a Chinese hot-blooded young man be sacrificed to a foreign altar as a lamb to be slaughtered? Wasn't it ludicrous? Such a ludicrous thing actually happened. Perhaps, it further proved that the painter was not a meek lamb, but a fearful calf, attracting jealousy from others. It further proved the painter’s courage and insight, indomitable nature and precious talent… What was talent? For the simplehearted girl, it was the light of life, the garland of youth, the transcendence of ignorance, the sublimation of knowledge. It made money and wealth eclipsed, made gain, loss, fame and bad reputation ruin and loss become a passing cloud, like a bright horizon that divided the clear sky and turbid earth. Foolish girls liked to adorn themselves with jewels, but noble girls were full of spiritual aspirations. She was willing to pick a blue star and set it on the heart of love... Lanying broke the silence and said to the painter in a deep voice: "Don't mention those things of your past to me again. I don't think you've made a mistake…"<br />
<br />
画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子 ,也是有限的宽恕,一切还同过去一样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "But everyone else thinks so. Even if they took the hat off, the forgiveness would be limited, and everything would be the same as before. You can't associate with people like me. You must consider the consequences."<br />
<br />
“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
<br />
"I don't care about the consequences. No matter what other people think, I trust my instincts."<br />
<br />
“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are your instincts?"<br />
<br />
“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
<br />
"My instinct is that you are talented!"<br />
<br />
这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激动的光辉:“世上有才华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
<br />
It was the highest praise for an "enemy of society”. Her tone showed a significant preference, which should bring enough relief to the painter. But the painter stood there with a stoney expression. The radiance of excitement in his gaze was worn away: "There are many talented people in the world, including glorious victors and miserable losers. Why do you prefer me? You’ll regret it in the future…"<br />
<br />
难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把才华糟蹋得像一块抹布的年月里,这句话,他不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子无才便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,才华再也不是令知识分子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
<br />
No wonder the painter reacted indifferently. It was not the first time he had heard the phrase in the years when his talent was ruined like a rag. Anyone could give it to him. Beneath the hypocritical compliment was a deliberate mockery. "A woman without talent is virtuous", now also applied to men. Even if he was trampled underfoot, mercilessly flogged, covering with cuts and bruises, they could pat him on the shoulder and told him to get up and go to work. At that time, talent was no longer a flower that made intellectuals have smug feelings, but a bitter medicine that touched their feelings of sorrow.<br />
<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
<br />
Lanying’s and the painter's eyes met. The painter's eyes, probing and frank, with a deep flame of self-esteem and some expectations, shot all the way to the girl's heart. Lanying could not resist this stare that could penetrate through everything, and her heart was shivering…<br />
<br />
兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费力气地获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被搞得阴阳颠倒！一时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到一颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙一样晶莹闪烁。<br />
<br />
Lanying suddenly remembered that it was her second meeting with the painter, in this quiet mountain forest, a secluded valley far away from the city. Wasn't today Women's Day? Ordinarily, he could easily win the girl’s heart with his gentleness and gallantry. However, he brought frustration, which couldn’t wait to broke the girl's calm. He said the truth, revealed the hidden pain, casting ominous clouds. He knew that it could cause irreversible consequences, but insisted on doing it. What exactly was it for? How upright and poised he was! Why was such a person said to be a terrible devil? The vanished soul? Life was so unfair! Honesty for disaster, cunning for glory, how much right and wrong in the world had been turned upside down! For a moment, Lanying felt that the ravine, valley and river in front of her had been filled in. Through the evening mist, she saw a sincere heart, glittering and shining like agates.<br />
<br />
兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
<br />
Lanying said excitedly, "I decided."<br />
<br />
画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "You love me?"<br />
<br />
“喜欢。”<br />
<br />
"Yes."<br />
<br />
“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
<br />
"What do I have to be loved?"<br />
<br />
“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
<br />
"Because you are honest, and love needs honesty."<br />
<br />
画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝 里滚动。<br />
<br />
The painter's whole body shocked, and he threw himself on the girl and buried his head in her arms. In one moment, the strong man turned into a child that curled up, with tears welling up in his eyes.<br />
<br />
一弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
<br />
A crescent moon rose. The ancient pagoda was solemn, and the bamboo forest whispered. The bright silver light shined on the girl, who was like a silver statue of goddess.<br />
<br />
画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
<br />
The painter was like embracing a treasure that he never wanted to lose. For many years, he lived and behaved with integrity, and infatuated with art. But no one had ever given such an evaluation on him. Today, the girl judged his conscience, filling his lonely heart with light. He was satisfied and relieved, feeling that he got the greatest reward for the hardship he had suffered for years…<br />
<br />
双桥<br />
<br />
Shuangqiao<br />
<br />
当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢——充当囚犯, 颠沛流离 ,饱尝辛酸……<br />
<br />
Contemporary artists have great passions to pursue their own artistic styles, and those who had suffered misfortune had unique styles that could not be replaced by others. Who wants to repeat their experience--to be a prisoner, to wander, to endure all kinds of hardships…<br />
<br />
翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
<br />
Open Repin’s collection, and look at ''Barge Haulers on the Volga''.<br />
<br />
我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石磙,弓着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下一闪一闪。<br />
<br />
There is a picture similar to ''Barge Haulers on the Volga'' before us, a living picture. The sun was hot, and the air was burning. On the golden wheat field, a young man pulled a stone roller with the posture of the barge hauler on the Volga. He bowed, head down, with a rope trip on his shoulder, hands almost down to the ground. Sweat was running down his bare back, glowing and winking in the sun.<br />
<br />
这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是最年轻的一个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石磙,一拉就是一天。<br />
<br />
This was Shuangqiao Farm in Beijing, one of the earliest state farms, which was famous for its mechanized production. But the artists from the Central Academy of Fine Arts did the work like animal labor. Yuan Yunsheng was the youngest among more than twenty people, who volunteered to do the heaviest work. He pulled the stone roller on the wheat field all day.<br />
<br />
二十几个人住在一间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。几年前,在他们头顶上发生的 那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成为一门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向两极。<br />
<br />
More than twenty people lived in a large room, with shabby windows and doors, and flies and mosquitoes flying freely in and out. There were two rows of wide beds for a number of people and tables made of wooden boards in the room. The dean, professors, teaching assistants and students were equally treated here. The explosion that happened above their heads a few years ago caused different reactions in each of them. Some were silent, some were endlessly repentant, some were calm, and some were trembling, just as the mechanics of the explosion developed into a unique craft, capable of both destruction and construction, making their spiritual models distinctly polarized.<br />
<br />
袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头一个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,一头畜力转眼间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng returned to the room from the wheat field, his first action was to fall on the drawing board by the bed. The animal became an artist with glittering eyes at once, just like the miracle of a magic show by a magician. With the drawing board under his arm, he looked for prey everywhere. He was the master of everything in the territory of visual image.<br />
<br />
他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着他。试问 ,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展示了情景交融的空间——略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
<br />
He doggedly innovated, of his own accord and under duress. He had to reform through labor, and made art at the same time, who needed to adapt to the new environment because he could not leisurely portray objects like oil painters. Applying the achievements of line modeling in Chinese painting to Western oil painting, which was a hazy pursuit before, now became a bright flame that attracted him strongly. Who had ever seen the existence of "line" in life? And he saw it. He observed the layers of light, analyzed the light and plane of the object, trying to grasp the moment when a plane met another plane. The changing, transitional, and wonderful division showed clear lines on the retina, which commanded the hand and pen through the processing of the brain, the exaggeration of emphasis and the appropriate deformation, drawing firm or soft lines on the sketch, as simple as Chinese paintings, as precise as Western paintings, like a Peking Opera artist on an empty stage, showing the space that feelings mingled with scenes with his nuanced hand movements, expression of eyes and body motions--a remarkable painting language that was slight but not empty, with real in its emptiness.<br />
<br />
他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
<br />
He figured it out. Since his paintings would never be cared again, let alone exhibited, he could let his pen draw freely. During the days in the farm, he made more than two thousand sketches with pens, brushes and pencils, far more than the number of assignments for students in fine art colleges. With heavy work and strong foundation, he went toward his goal. A large pile of sketches on his bedside was the accumulation of his faith and the ocean of spirit.<br />
<br />
住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
<br />
Among the people living in the same room, there was a stern elder who often watched the young painter's behaviors. He was Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy. Jiang Feng's gaze was astonished. He didn’t know his student before, but now he was touched by Yuan Yunsheng's enthusiasm for hard work and advancement.<br />
<br />
“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去！”<br />
<br />
"I really don't understand why the student like you should be labeled as a 'rightist'?" Jiang Feng said to Yuan Yunsheng, "Draw it. As long as you think it's right, you can draw it according to your will!"<br />
<br />
这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
<br />
It was the direct teaching Yuan Yunsheng heard from the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, not in the grand academy, but in the hard adversity. This teaching impressed him forever.<br />
<br />
一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
<br />
One day, people living in the same room held a review meeting. Some of them confessed as usual, but Jiang Feng declaimed, criticizing the proneness to boasting and exaggeration in publicity, the disconnect between economic policy and economic base, and the hazards of "Left" opportunism, just like a level-headed politician without the slightest self-consciousness of an offender. He was still him, maintaining human dignity, and exercising the rights of the brain and mouth. Yuan Yunsheng listened, filled with admiration.<br />
<br />
散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特儿是清癯的、憔悴的,一副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出一个美的灵魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
<br />
After the meeting, Jiang Feng read a book with his head on the desk. Yuan Yunsheng quietly picked up the drawing board and looked towards him. The model in front of him was skinny and haggard, with a contemplative look. However, in the painter's mind, a beautiful soul was reflected, as hard and transparent as diamonds. The painter used his brush to draw a portrait of him with ease and verve.<br />
<br />
“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
<br />
"Oh, I'm much thinner than before." Jiang Feng took the sketch and said with emotion, "Leave this painting to me. You and I have a memorable friendship…"<br />
<br />
这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
<br />
The sketch was paired with a frame, hanging in Jiang Feng's home for many years.<br />
<br />
一个被撤职的党委书记,一个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
<br />
A dismissed secretary of the Party Committee, and a young man forced to stop school. Neither of their personalities were distorted under the weight. Once the personality had overcome the ordeal, it was like cast iron. It was the same to admit it or not.<br />
<br />
雨纷纷<br />
<br />
The Drizzling Water <br />
<br />
画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业分配。<br />
<br />
The painter parted with Lanying in Suzhou and returned to Changchun. They exchanged letters from time to time. A year later, Lanying was facing job assignment after graduation.<br />
<br />
东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降临头上。<br />
<br />
The Northeast was very unfamiliar to Lanying. In her imagination, it was distant borderlands covered with snow and ice, a terrible place so cold that the nose, ears and chin could be frozen off. None of the students wanted to be assigned to the Northeast. They were used to the affluent conditions and warm climate of lands of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River, and the mere mention of the Northeast made their hair stand on end, as if the doom of exile had fallen on their heads. <br />
<br />
兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
<br />
Lanying was regardless of anything. In the girl's mind, where he was, there was spring, and there was a bonfire! She was willing to suffer cold and hunger just by his side.<br />
<br />
当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying proposed to the organization of his aspiration for assignment, the other side was shocked: “Ah, you already have a boyfriend! How long have you known each other? What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
姑娘一五一十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住 。<br />
<br />
The girl answered one by one. She thought that it could not be hidden sooner or later.<br />
<br />
兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象力,把故事编得像田园牧歌一样美妙——<br />
<br />
Lanying’s story spread through the college. Oral litterateurs were not lack in imagination, and made up the story as beautiful as an idyllic pastoral--<br />
<br />
“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
<br />
"Hey, did you hear? Lanying asked to be assigned to Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
<br />
"So far away! Why do you want to go there?"<br />
<br />
“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子。”<br />
<br />
"She met a boyfriend, one of the most beautiful men in Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那个人干什么的?”<br />
<br />
"What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
<br />
"He's an actor at Changchun Film Studio. He acted many movies."<br />
<br />
“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
<br />
"Of course it is good to have an actor as boyfriend. He can go everywhere in the country. <br />
Studios are in big cities, and Lanying can be transferred to wherever she likes!"<br />
<br />
但是,在学校的一间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
<br />
But in a small room of the college, Lanying's head was under the weight of thousand pounds, and furious and disappointed eyes were cast at him: “You are too naïve in politics. Who is he? A ‘rightist', who is anti-Party and anti-socialist. Who are you? The descendant of revolutionary martyrs, member of the Communist Youth League, and the Party organization's development target. Won’t you feel sorry about your dead parents? And the Party?<br />
<br />
兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了……”<br />
<br />
Lanying argued: "His hat had been taken off…"<br />
<br />
“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样一个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣个黑锅背一辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
<br />
"Whether his hat had been taken off or not, it was all the same. If one has such a family, he could not shake it off. But you want to have the injustice and carry it for the rest of your life. How silly you are!"<br />
<br />
“我乐意……”<br />
<br />
"I don’t care…"<br />
<br />
“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍白,四肢麻木,像是一个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
<br />
"Don’t say any more! You are already his prisoner, standing on a cliff. You have to break off with him, and never meet him again. If he writes to you, you hand it over to the organization to deal with!" Lanying sat in a corner of the room, pale and numb, like a rebel on trial. What did she have to say? A simple-hearted girl confided in others the secret of love for the first time, who should receive happy congratulations. However, she received brutal reprimand and forced interferences, and it was useless to argue with them. She dragged herself back to the dormitory.<br />
<br />
更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她,好像她做了什么亏心事。一颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
<br />
What was harder to bear was the mute weight. Her classmates looked at her with scorn and whispered about her as if she had done something against conscience. A pearl once held in the palm of the hand suddenly became the object of ridicule, so that she tasted the fickleness of the world, the ups and downs of fate, and aroused a strong feeling of rebellion.<br />
<br />
她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨——爸爸生前的战友。<br />
<br />
She wrote a letter and sent it to an aunt in Hangzhou, a former comrade of her father.<br />
<br />
阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
<br />
The aunt soon sent a telegram, asking her to go to Hangzhou and talking with her face to face.<br />
<br />
兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空一样阴郁。<br />
<br />
When she arrived in Hangzhou, it was drizzling. The aunt took her to her residence, and was very hospitable with smile, trying to make her happy. However, Lanying's face looked sad, as gloomy as the sky.<br />
<br />
“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说，“我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
<br />
"What if you worry yourself into illness?” The aunt said, "Let me go out for a walk with you.”<br />
<br />
她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
<br />
They went to Orioles Singing in the Willows of the West Lake with an umbrella.<br />
<br />
西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
<br />
The West Lake was silvery gray in front of Lanying. The sky was silver, and the water was silver. The atmosphere was drifting with silver powder that looked like rain but not rain, which he could not feel, and her clothes seemed to be getting wet but not.<br />
<br />
兰英的眉心舒展 了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
<br />
Lanying felt more comfortable: "The scenery here is so beautiful!"<br />
<br />
“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢，”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍一个男朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证会喜欢他……”<br />
<br />
"It is worth coming here, right. There is another happy thing," said the aunt with a smile, "I’ll introduce to you a boyfriend. He is a member of the party and does confidential work in the army. He is handsome and you are well-matched in age. I’m sure that as long as you are willing to meet him, you are going to like him…"<br />
<br />
兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
<br />
Lanying was on the alert at once: "Did you invite me here just for this?"<br />
<br />
阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养感情嘛……”<br />
<br />
The aunt said: "I’m doing this for your own good. The relationship needs to be cultivated. You don’t have a relationship with him now, but you can cultivate it…"<br />
<br />
姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进一团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲径好像布满陷阱。一种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。给你!”<br />
<br />
The girl only felt that her chest was stuffed with a mess. The beautiful scenery of the West Lake had become nasty, and the winding path under her feet seemed to be fraught with pitfalls. A feeling of being fooled came over her, and she said angrily: "I don't want to see anyone. Here you are!"<br />
<br />
兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
<br />
Lanying shoved the umbrella into the aunt's hand, turned and ran away through the cold rain. Behind her, the lake water lapped at the shore, making a rhythmic sound, like heaving sighs…<br />
<br />
回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
<br />
Back to the residence, the first thing Lanying did was to pack things, ready to return to Suzhou. The aunt came over and said calmly, "Lanying, I know your temper. Once you have decided something, no one can persuade you…"<br />
<br />
“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
<br />
"I appreciate that you know it." The girl said tonelessly.<br />
<br />
“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好好谈谈吧……”<br />
<br />
"I have only one request." said the aunt, "Since you came to Hangzhou, it does not hurt to stay one more day. Let's talk about it in the evening…"<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
<br />
At night, Lanying and the aunt sat face to face by lamplight.<br />
<br />
“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I trust your eyes. The person you like must be good." The aunt said calmly. “Our party implements a policy of uniting and reforming intellectuals, and people like him still have a role to play."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "I thought the same thing…"<br />
<br />
“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们一些好处。打个比喻吧,好比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那些人再好,也不能使用。你多想一想吧……”<br />
<br />
"But let me tell you more detailed information." The aunt said, "At present, we do not have a team of intellectuals of our own. If we don’t rely on them, who can we rely on? If we want to use them, we have to give them some benefits. To use an analogy, it is like a jelly bean to coax children. The little sweetness will soon melt. When our own team grows up, they can’t be used anymore no matter how good they are. Think more about it…”<br />
<br />
姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头一次听说,在政策的背后还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
<br />
After the girl listened to the thorough analysis, she was bewildered. She heard for the first time that there were policies behind a policy. The infinite mysteries of life were enough for her to digest slowly.<br />
<br />
这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。一个势单力孤的女子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越 ,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为一个农家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
<br />
That night, Lanying lost sleep. At the deadest time of the night, she was thinking about the painter who was far away and gradually came to realize that there were more serious obstacles between them than ice, snow, storms, mountains and rivers. A weak woman, powerless to push away the weight of society, tradition and mentality, felt that the future was infinitely uncertain. Did the girl regret having fallen in love with him? She could not find a reason to condemn herself. Their love was witnessed by the green hill and bright moon, without a trace of dust. She could only regret that she came from a privileged background and was fully favored, so that her love was also shackled. The girl would rather be reborn again for him… She fell asleep in a daze and had a sweet dream that she was transformed into a farm girl and met the painter among the white mountain and the black water. The whole world was pure as if it was covered with silver and jade… When she woke up, she found that it was just a delusional dream. The fate had been doomed, and everything was irreversible. The girl was desperate, with hot tears like a broken line of beads, from the cheeks constantly rolling down...<br />
<br />
第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看一看就会明白的。”<br />
<br />
The next day, the aunt put a magazine in front of Lanying: "This is what I found from the library, you will understand if you read it."<br />
<br />
这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到一篇文章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的一小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的题目——<br />
<br />
It was a magazine of ''Fine Arts'' published in that year. With trembling hands, Lanying opened the pages and found an article. The article criticized an oil painting by Yuan Yunsheng and included a photo of it. What was that? The painting was shrunken into a small and pitiful piece that could not be seen clearly. The girl finally found the title of the painting--<br />
<br />
水乡记忆<br />
<br />
Memory of the Water Town<br />
<br />
“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
<br />
"It’s okay. It’s okay. It would burn if you continue frying it."<br />
<br />
“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
<br />
"Be gentle, don't let others hear it."<br />
<br />
“我先尝尝——哈,又香又脆!”<br />
<br />
"Let me taste it first--ha, it’s delicious and crispy!"<br />
<br />
“放开肚皮吧 ,反正不花钱……”<br />
<br />
"Tuck in. It doesn’t cost money anyway…"<br />
<br />
袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng lying in bed, heard the laughter, the sizzle of boiling oil, and the greedy sound of chewing from next door, along with the aroma of fried oil cakes, keeping him awake at night. <br />
<br />
这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择一处乡土气息浓厚的地区深入生活 ,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓库隔壁的一间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传口号消失了,生理本能在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是一出率先占有填充材料的喜剧。<br />
<br />
This was the warehouse of the production team, located in a small town near Suzhou. Not long ago, Yuan Yunsheng returned to the Central Academy of Fine Arts from Shuangqiao Farm, and got back to Professor Dong Xiwen's studio to learn from him. The teacher suggested him to choose an area with a strong local flavor to plunge into the thick of life, collecting materials for his graduation work. He came to a town in the regions south of the Yangtze River and was assigned to a hut next to the production team's warehouse as the accommodation. It was a time of national economic hardship, and the water town, which was praised as “the earthly paradise", was also facing the threat of starvation. The fanatical slogan that was once popular disappeared and physiological instincts took effect in people, which was first shown in the town's cadres. In order to fill a few people’s bellies, they went harm to the group, compressing others’ bellies. The late-night performance was a comedy of being the first to take possession of the filling material.<br />
<br />
袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng rolled over in bed, causing a few rats to crawl out beside the pillow and hop around on him.<br />
<br />
“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
<br />
"There’s a noise!" The man next door said, "Should we ask that painter to come?"<br />
<br />
“别理他!”<br />
<br />
"Don’t mind him!"<br />
<br />
……<br />
<br />
这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预一下也无可厚非 。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
<br />
This was the material of real life! Paint it. Since "art was subordinate to politics", there was nothing wrong with intervening in such life. The painter lay in bed, his heart flowing with the feeling of concerning for the country and the people.<br />
<br />
然而,夜间的梦寐 并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
<br />
However, the dream at night did not leave the painter with a deep impression. He had his own understanding of the function of art. He came here for pursuit of the beauty in life, and the dust of life could not cloud the artist's heart of gold. The place he went to during the day gave satisfaction to his pursuit. A few weeks later, he returned to Beijing with everything that he wanted.<br />
<br />
回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,一股不可遏制的创作冲动驱使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去一个晚上的时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
<br />
One day after returning to Beijing, he leaned on his bed and thought after dinner. An uncontrollable impulse of creation drove him to pick up the brush and readily draw on the draft paper, the tip of the brush as smooth as floating clouds and flowing water. In only one night, he sketched out his graduation work.<br />
<br />
他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
<br />
He took the sketch to visit Teacher Dong Xiwen. The teacher looked at it and said: "I think it is distinctive. The workload is not small. Get on with it!"<br />
<br />
他把行李卷、画布和油彩,一股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上一摊,不分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
<br />
He moved the bedding roll, canvases and oil paints into the large warehouse of the college. This warehouse was used to store large-scale cultural relics, including a tall stone camel, an excavated stone horse and a stone tiger in front of the tomb of the Han Dynasty general Huo Qubing. The floor was covered with thick dust, and the walls were covered with cobwebs, like a gloomy old castle. He spread the bedding roll on the floor, and worked day and night. The stone tiger and horse watched a young painter working like a maniac. Two months later, Yuan Yunsheng asked someone to help him lift out a huge oil painting.<br />
<br />
这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
<br />
The painting was titled ''Memory of the Water Town''.<br />
<br />
《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优 ”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的分数都不肯给。<br />
<br />
''Memory of the Water Town'' became the topic of conversation in the circle of art. The doyens of painting such as Dong Xiwen, Ye Qianyu and Huang Yongyu praised it, who argued that his graduation grade should be “excellent”. Some others shook their heads and frowned, refusing to give him even a passing grade.<br />
<br />
水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
<br />
What was the memory of the water town for the young painter?<br />
<br />
画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
<br />
In the picture is a small bridge common in Suzhou, which is the style of traditional architectural left over from the Ming Dynasty, with exquisite structure, decorated with delicate sculpted reliefs. The two sides of the bridge show the houses, streets and the lively scene of the market trading during the Spring Festival.<br />
<br />
看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。一个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开一张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。一个淳朴的小女孩刚才卖掉一只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着一桩桩美好的故事——人们在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
<br />
Look, there are people setting up the stage for Beijing opera performance, there are people selling New Year's pictures, and there are people selling grain and vegetables, so lively. A beautiful country girl spreads out a newspaper at her feet and sets bunches of flowers on it, expecting people to visit. A simple little girl has just sold a lamb. Perhaps because the cute little animal was fed by her hands when growing up, she sees it being taken away, showing a look of melancholy... With the strong national style and local customs and practices, the painter drew hundreds of lifelike characters, around the stone bridge to tell good stories -- people exchanged their results of hard work a year here, and were pleased and gratified by the rich and colorful folk recreations.<br />
<br />
桥下是一泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
<br />
Under the bridge is clear, rippling and sparkling. The dark-awninged boats, small wooden boats and barges carrying purchases for the Spring Festival are so close to each other, and brush past the others. The boatmen are all humble, avoiding each other, and quickly giving the way for the neighboring boats. A young man lies leisurely on the bow of the boat, the sunlight sprinkling over his face, and thinks with a vision of the future…<br />
<br />
这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举世无双的韧性——走向明天!<br />
<br />
Weren’t the small bridge and the river the reappearance of our national features! Our nation suffered a lot, and was at a very difficult time; however, our indomitable national spirit was not destroyed by the disaster. We were strong, confident and optimistic, emphasized courtesy, and maintained great dignity, with a slow rhythm, calm pace, and resilience that was unparalleled in the world--towards tomorrow!<br />
<br />
谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
<br />
Who could have guessed that the original idea of this painting was conceived in that hut in the water town, that shady with mice hopping around, adjacent to the evil. What a contrast between the hard work of the people, the innocence of the painter, and the greed, selfishness and deceit just a wall away! The painter brushed away the shadows of life, and used painting language to express his deep love for his country and people with good wishes. This was the self-analysis of the painter's mind and character!<br />
<br />
当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩 ,年画的敦厚朴实和壁画的装饰趣味。<br />
<br />
When ''Memory of the Water Town'' was put on public display, hanging in the auditorium of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, the response from the audience was enthusiastic. Some people left comments, some took pictures, and some copied it. Just in terms of its innovation in artistic style, people were amazed by it. The author put aside the "three unities" of plot devices of Western oil painting and the traditional perspective rules, and adopted the ingenious technique of cavalier perspective of Chinese painting, so as to make the independent stories on the picture blend together. When portraying the characters, the author masterly used the tools of Western oil painting, boldly used line modeling, and absorbed the exaggeration of the ancient art of pottery figurines to depict images of the figures with different expressions. The painting had the splendor and magnificence of oil painting, the exact delineation and heavy colors of Chinese painting, the sincerity and simplicity of New Year’s picture and the decorative interest of fresco. <br />
<br />
把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为一炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿了吧！<br />
<br />
It was the author's dream to integrate the ancient and modern, Chinese and Western painting arts into one. His dream should come true!<br />
<br />
但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
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However, the fate of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was suddenly reversed, which was taken off the wall of the exhibition hall and thrown into the garbage dump where scraps were stored. Later, a young man who loved table tennis found its value and dragged it behind the table to use it as a baffle to block the ball. Later, a student from the art history department felt bad for it and secretly cut it down with a scissor, folded it up, and pressed it under the bed in the dormitory. However, the college reported it to the police in panic, bringing in the comrades in the department of public safety to enter the college to reconnoiter, as if searching for an indecent prohibited thing. Finally, the enthusiastic collector had to hand it over, and the campus loudspeaker immediately broadcasted that it was "another victory in paying great attention to class struggle".<br />
<br />
离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着一堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的路口只亮着一盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
<br />
Was it bizarre? Not really. The climate was changing, three years of hardship passed, the fairs trade in the countryside was banned, and the days of hunger were forgotten. Today's politics made new requirements on yesterday's art, and it was time for the painter to be spanked. The author of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was faced with lots of questions that he could never answer: Why didn't you paint a tractor? Why didn't you paint the wheat field with a good harvest? Why didn't paint… Among all the criticisms, no one had ever accused him of not painting the scene next door that night, though such phenomena were a well-known fact. There was only one green light at the intersection of literary criticism: turning left. The artist who stayed true to the art went straight ahead and was denounced as being too "right".<br />
<br />
中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出作者的艺术才能。”<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, once said with emotion: "If this painting had not been damaged, and had been put on display, I can predict that the audience would have rehabilitated him. Even in this tentative work, we can see the artistic talent of the author."<br />
<br />
只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世——其中也包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, the remains of the painting couldn’t be found. The only memorial it had left was a pathetically small picture, accompanied by a critical article that sounded plausible, published in a corner of ''Fine Arts''. The painter should feel honored that it was the first time his work had been made into a zincograph, and printed, spreading around the world--including the one in front of Lanying.<br />
<br />
月台边<br />
<br />
At the Edge of the Platform<br />
<br />
兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
<br />
The second morning Lanying spent in Hangzhou was the most painful time for her.<br />
<br />
阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子 ,还会累及子女。<br />
<br />
The aunt stood beside her as her guardian, and pointed to the magazine as if she had found a powerful proof. The aunt said that a man like Yuan Yunsheng would not correct his mistake, and others would not tolerate him. It would be a lifelong mistake to combine with him, never seeing the light in the future and implicating the children.<br />
<br />
那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘与画家结合 的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
<br />
The magazine did not frighten the girl’s love away, but made her feel the seriousness of the problem. It seemed that it was not only the aunt, the college, but also the whole society that prevented her from being bound with the painter. It seemed that everyone except the girl was cursing him and splashing dirty water on the painter. Did the girl still have the courage to go towards him? Talking about the future children, those innocent babies that would follow the adults and spend their whole life in the mud, Lanying's heart was softened.<br />
<br />
这是一场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
<br />
It was an irresistible spiritual siege. Lanying hunched over the table and burst into tears…<br />
<br />
阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效力,递过一支笔、一张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
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Seeing the effect of her good intention, the aunt handed over a pen and a piece of paper: "Writing him a letter and making it clear, you’ll feel comfortable. If he really loves you, he will not give you trouble again…"<br />
<br />
兰英接过纸笔。<br />
<br />
Lanying took the paper and pen.<br />
<br />
她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家能够得到另一个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后一个字,信纸上满是斑斑泪痕。<br />
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She wrote a very firm statement, cutting off communication with the painter, and didn’t explain anything. She took the responsibility, saying that she was willing to pay the lifelong price for her impulse and would never get married again. In her letter, she wished the painter to get another girl who would love him as much as she did… When she finished the letter, it was blotted with tears.<br />
<br />
阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
<br />
The aunt took it over to have a look and sighed: "Look, the handwriting was wet with tears. It’ll make him suspect that you are not really want to break up with him ......"<br />
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“本来就是被迫的！”兰英没好气地说。<br />
<br />
"It was forced!" Lanying said angrily.<br />
<br />
阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
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The aunt finally got the written pledge and was relieved, sealing the envelope with her own hands, sticking a stamp on it, and taking it to the post office.<br />
<br />
兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将把信撕得粉碎,一赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下 ,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净……<br />
<br />
Lanying returned to Suzhou from Hangzhou, and felt every day like a year, repeatedly imagining the painter's reaction. The painter would be furious, wouldn’t he? Lanying really did not want to add a new scar to the painter's heart, which had been badly wounded, so she did not write irritating words in the letter. But the painter would understand the reason for the change. The letter had already constituted a contempt and insult to him. Would he rip it up and decide not to write back in a fit of anger? Or would he bow to his fate and fall into a depression? Or, the girl's worries were superfluous. Men were men, who were easy come and easy go. He would wipe the girl out of his memory, completely forgetting her.<br />
<br />
兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
<br />
The last thing that Lanying wanted to happen was the latter situation.<br />
<br />
画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
<br />
The painter wrote back with stiff words. He agreed to break up, without a hint of a pleading tone, with only one last condition, asking Lanying to come to Changchun and explain the reason face to face.<br />
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像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
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Like hearing an echo from an empty valley, Lanying ran into the college office clasping the letter.<br />
<br />
姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
<br />
The girl placed the letter on the table and said: "Please allow me to go to Changchun."<br />
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对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
<br />
After reading the painter's letter, the other party looked up and asked, "Is this the last meeting?"<br />
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“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
<br />
"Yes." The girl said, "We're very determined."<br />
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学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
<br />
The college could not say the reason for refusing the girl and let her go. On the day of the girl’s departure, the school made a long-distance call to Changchun, asking the painter's unit to cooperate and pay attention to the actions of Lanying and the painter, promoting both sides to break off the relationship.<br />
<br />
火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人头攒动的月台上,她一眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
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The train was flying along, the vast fields passing outside the window. The girl was anxious. She was longing for the scenery of the Northeast in her dream before, but this journey didn’t leave any impression on her. She only remembered the moment the train arrived in Changchun, when she saw the painter with a pale face at a glance on the crowded platform.<br />
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兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
<br />
When Lanying stepped out of the train, the painter was coming up. He still held the sketchbook in his hand, pretending to be calm. However, his tired and dark look, holding back great pain, could not escape the girl's keen eyes. It was exactly what the girl hoped to see, and a thrill of joy rose in her heart. <br />
<br />
画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
<br />
The painter stopped at the edge of the platform, keeping a few steps from the girl.<br />
<br />
“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
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"Please answer now," the painter's voice was like the low roar of a wild animal, "why do you change your mind? Why do you bend to the will of others?"<br />
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姑娘把旅行袋往前一递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听懂是什么意思。<br />
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The girl handed her travel bag forward: "Do you think I come to Changchun to negotiate with you?" The painter was stunned, not understanding what it meant.<br />
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“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑一趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
<br />
"You fool! If I want to break up with you, do I need to come all the way here?" The girl smiled sweetly, "There is a long way to go, and you need to be tested!"<br />
<br />
明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解——那些无尽无休的劝说、挑唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
<br />
The bright sunlight returned to the painter's face. He even forgot to pick up the girl's bag, and was so excited that he didn’t know what to do. The girl dodged back a little, really afraid that the guy who lost his mind in front of him would throw himself into her arms in full view of a large crowd with no regard for the customs of the country… The consensus reached the Changchun negotiation--those endless persuasions, instigation and restraint were really tiresome that decisive actions had to be taken to get rid of it.<br />
<br />
兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同财产,是一条印花双人床单。在一间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
<br />
Lanying and the painter married in the summer vacation after graduation. The wedding was held in Changchun, without relatives officiating, and classmates congratulating. The only gift they received was a blouse given by Yuan Yunfu to his sister-in-law; the new common property was a printed double bed sheet. In a temporary borrowed hut, they performed a solemn ceremony of life. Lanying spent her honeymoon in disassembling and washing the bedding for the former bachelor. The short honeymoon ended as Lanying's reporting date approached.<br />
<br />
人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
<br />
The Queen Mother of the world was not willing to give in after all, and deliberately laid a galaxy between them.<br />
<br />
兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽容——除了东北三省之外,其他任何一个城市都行。实心眼儿的 姑娘把手指放在地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
<br />
Lanying's place of work was chosen from the map. When she was assigned after graduation, the college gave her lenient conditions--any city except the three provinces of the northeast. The honest girl put her finger on the map and found the nearest place to the Northeast along the railway line. Her finger crossed Beijing, Tianjin, and rested on a small circle south of Shanhaiguan: Tangshan. She thought that it was the ideal crossing of the Milky Way on earth.<br />
<br />
她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着一块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生活无法自理。直到这时,她才感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
<br />
Not long after she arrived in Tangshan, she was caught in an "unprecedented" storm. With marches, rebellions, and two factions fighting with each other with machetes and spears, the whole city fell into primitive tribal strife. Lanying was alone and lived in uncertainty in troubled times. The annual visits to her husband comforted her a little in spirit. Later, she was pregnant. The overwork and poor living conditions caused Lanying to suffer from lumbar spine strain. Her back was like carrying a heavy iron plate, and she couldn’t roll over in bed. There was no one to make fires in the house, and the flimsy door and windows could not withstand the cold wind. The lumbar disease made her stiff and unable to take care of herself. By this time, she felt that she needed her husband by her side so much…<br />
<br />
画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到一份工作,又赶到唐山,好不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户口的证件。至此,他们已经两地分居六年了。<br />
<br />
The painter went around and asked, and finally found a job for his wife in a hospital in Changchun, and then rushed to Tangshan. With difficulty, he passed many hurdles and got the documents to switch his wife’s job and transfer her registered permanent residence. So far, they had been living apart for six years.<br />
<br />
兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西——优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。耿耿 银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
<br />
When Lanying sat on the train, the platform in Changchun moving in front of her eyes again, she could not help but have mixed feelings. For six years, she lost a lot of things out of her own volition--a bright future in politics, a beautiful youth and excellent conditions. The corners of her pretty eyes were covered with worry lines, and her beautiful cheeks became sallow with a gaunt appearance. She paid a huge price for the ordinary life of ordinary people, and a charge of "the family member of a rightist whose hat was taken off”. The Milky Way was in front of her, and there were the same strict rituals in heaven and on earth. <br />
<br />
陋室铭<br />
<br />
The Humble Room<br />
<br />
破木桌上摊开一张纸片,一只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
<br />
A piece of paper was spread out on the broken wooden table, and a small hand holding the brush, applied watercolor to the paper. Round, square and irregular blocks of color appeared under the brush, representing different still life: the round one was a washtub, the square one was an old wooden box, and the irregular one was a diaper on a clothesline…<br />
<br />
这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
<br />
It was the artist's son sketching. He was born in Changchun, and no matter how difficult the path of his parents' life was, he grew up according to the laws of nature, until he was old enough to grasp a brush with his little hand. <br />
<br />
小屋只有14平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, 一排大连铺占去三分之二的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
<br />
The house was only 14 square meters. A little sister added to the family, and four of them were crammed into a small space, with a large bed taking up two thirds of the area. The broken wooden table in front of the window was the dad's workbench at ordinary times, and the son's bed at night. The rest of the space was for cooking and washing clothes, and there was no extra space.<br />
<br />
眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
<br />
The artist's son had painted the scene in front of him more than once, which was his first subject of contact with life. This lovely third generation in new China repeatedly painted with the most beautiful colors in his young mind, and had accumulated dozens of sketches. Whenever the neighbors came to visit, he would take out his works and show them off in front of them. However, the comments he heard were very disappointing: "Alas, Lanying, why does your precious son only paint the slums?"<br />
<br />
兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
<br />
Lanying gave a wry smile. What could she say? All her son painted were things in her house.<br />
<br />
兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头一样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
<br />
After Lanying moved to Changchun, she took on heavy housework and lived a hard life. She was used to eating ready-made meals in the canteen before, and never cooked; by this time, she was distressed to find that it was more difficult to steam the corn cake without turning souring than to perform a surgical operation in the hospital. For a long time, the steamed corn cakes, steamed bread of corn and steamed buns that the whole family ate were unbearably sour and hard like stones. The children still gobbled them up as if they natively tasted like that.<br />
<br />
家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱一个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭 。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
<br />
The family's finances were tight. The total income of two college graduates could not keep up with the increase of family members and the rise of commodity prices. The son was lucky enough to eat cake for a few days when he was a child. When it was the daughter's turn, the parents could no longer afford to buy cakes, so they had to buy bread that was a dime per piece to give the children a treat. Later, the parents brought home discounted black bread. Even so, the children were so happy, smiling from ear to ear.<br />
<br />
他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
<br />
They pinched and scraped, but still spent more than their income. At the end of every month, Lanying and the painter would empty out their pockets face to face.<br />
<br />
“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, we haven't bought the meat for this month yet." Lanying said.<br />
<br />
“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
<br />
"Let’s buy it." The painter said, "It's Sunday. It’s time to improve a meal."<br />
<br />
妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服口袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
<br />
The wife had been penniless for a while. The painter turned his pockets inside out to scrap up enough money to buy a catty of meat.<br />
<br />
儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
<br />
The son, who had already prepared a small snow sled and waited there, took the money and ran away with joy.<br />
<br />
过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
<br />
After a while, the son's cheer came from the door: "Come on, the meat is bought back!"<br />
<br />
画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
<br />
The painter and his wife ran out to greet it, but they were stunned: "Where's the meat?"<br />
<br />
儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚才他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤肉颠得没影了……<br />
<br />
My son looked back and saw that the snow sled was empty. He was too happy and run too fast, the catty of meat tossed away…<br />
<br />
“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
<br />
As the "buyer" had never failed in his duty, he became downhearted this time. The painter and Lanying had to comfort their son, holding his embarrassed little face and laughing.<br />
<br />
儿子也笑了。一场精神上的欢笑 代替了假日的会餐。<br />
<br />
The son laughed too. A time of mirth in spirit replaced the holiday meal.<br />
<br />
在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, the so-called "spiritual aristocrats" were finding jobs for themselves. Some decorated the facade of restaurants and hotels, painting some pictures to exchange bottles of wine and whole cases of fish. Some were busy with their household sidelines, producing modern furniture by hand. Others worked as art tutors, and if the students they taught had good backgrounds, their situations would soon be improved. But Yuan Yunsheng did not get any "extra money" and did not look for a way out. He was very busy. He worked during the day, honestly completing the tasks given to him and trying not to be faulted; after he came back home at night, he indulged in painting, steeping himself in his beloved art, and didn’t have time to do the housework.<br />
<br />
在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似的想点办法?”<br />
<br />
At the most difficult time for the family, Lanying said to Yunsheng in a tentative tone, "Could you think of some ways like others?"<br />
<br />
“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
<br />
"Think of what?" The painter asked in amazement.<br />
<br />
“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合过得去……”<br />
<br />
"I don't ask for anything more." The wife said, "I mean, if possible, to make life at home barely get by..."<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head: "There is a way. But that would wreck my art!"<br />
<br />
妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题一搁,永远不再提起。<br />
<br />
The wife knew the weight of the word "art" in her husband's heart. The subject was put aside, and never mentioned again.<br />
<br />
兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥一顿饱一顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣服洗一洗吧。”<br />
<br />
Lanying was sick from exhaustion, tortured by the pain of lumbar spine strain, and sometimes had to stay in bed. Whenever it happened, the sky of the family collapsed and everything was in chaos. The whole family ate erratically; when the children's clothes were dirty, they didn’t have others to change; the sheets were splattered with the painter's oil, like a canvas of an abstract painter... As a medical worker, Lanying had minimum requirements for sanitation. She could not tolerate it anymore, lying in bed and commending the painter: "Wash the sheets and clothes today."<br />
<br />
“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干一场。<br />
<br />
"Okay." The husband obediently put down the brush and rolled up his sleeves as if he was about to get some things done.<br />
<br />
他把床单和衣服泡了满满一盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他一忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;一忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
<br />
He soaked a full tub of sheets and clothes. As he washed, his hands on the washboard slowed down, and his eyes rested on the opposite wall. There hung a new painting, with the oil not yet dry. One minute he tilted his head sideways, looking pleased with himself; the next he frowned, as if he had found something unsatisfactory.<br />
<br />
他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
<br />
He stood up sharply, wiped his soapy hands on his breast, took a brush, and jumped on the bench, making some changes on the painting.<br />
<br />
兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过一丝苦笑。<br />
<br />
Lanying lay on the bed, with a wry smile flitting across the corner of his mouth.<br />
<br />
画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
<br />
The painter jumped off the bench and went back to the washtub. After a while, he couldn't help looking up at the wall again...<br />
<br />
一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,一共跳了多少次?”<br />
<br />
The day passed. He finally finished washing a tub of clothes, taking more than seven hours on it, and did not have time to cook. The whole family was hungry. Lanying, angry and amused, asked humorously, "Hey, how many times did you jump up and down from the bench?"<br />
<br />
画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
<br />
The painter shook his head blankly.<br />
<br />
兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪——整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
<br />
Lanying said: "You do not remember. I counted it for you--twenty times! Oh, what am I gonna do about you? When doing housework, you are lazy than anyone; when picking up the brush, you are more diligent than anyone..."<br />
<br />
天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入睡;儿子一沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另一只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
<br />
It was dark, and snow fell heavily outside the window, like tearing the cotton wool. Lanying, looking at the ceiling, wasn’t able to sleep; as soon as her son touched the pillow, he fell into a sound and sweet sleep. In the other corner of the hut, under the dim light, the painter was rocking his daughter with one hand, while the other hand was holding a brush and painting. He hummed an improvised lullaby, the song echoing softly in the hut...<br />
<br />
漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
<br />
They spent many nights like this in the long winter.<br />
<br />
兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为一个正直的画家的妻子的全部甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
<br />
The husband’s humming rang in Lanying’s ears, and she silently sank in thought. When she first fell in love with him, she admired his integrity and loyalty to art. Now, she had experienced all the joys and sorrows of being the wife of an upright painter. He was content with being poor and lonely. He didn’t have a normal family life, couldn’t see the light at the end of the tunnel, only asking for work, not the harvest... Who but his wife really understood him? He not only was not understood by the society, but he was also identified as a bad man, with sticks always waving above his head. Whenever thinking of these, the pain of the poor couple's disharmony dissipated, and the wife's heart turned into a spring water, full of female tenderness.<br />
<br />
她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
<br />
She thought, if two people shared the housework, they would get nothing done. Even if she had a terrible backache tomorrow, she had to bite the bullet and get up, bearing the heavy load of housework...<br />
<br />
车轮下<br />
<br />
Under the Wheels<br />
<br />
袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng slept late at night and when he rubbed his eyes the next morning, it was already broad daylight outside the window. "Shit!" He dressed frantically, "I'll be late again..."<br />
<br />
兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为一家人做早饭。<br />
<br />
Lanying had already got up, enduring the back pain, and was making breakfast for the family.<br />
<br />
画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
<br />
The painter asked in amazement, "Who told you to get up? You are not well yet!"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺一躺。”画家匆匆吃过早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
<br />
Lanying said, "It's nothing, I'm still on sick leave anyway. I can still lie down after you leave." The painter hurriedly ate the breakfast, pushed the bicycle and rushed out the door.<br />
<br />
在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过一场大雪,北风一刮,马路上结着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, it was the season when dripping water turned into ice and the breath from the mouth immediately turned to frost. After a heavy snowfall, and when the north wind blew, the roads were thick with ice. The trees on the roadside were covered with silver flowers, and the buildings shone with a dazzling silver glow like a richly decorated jade palace.<br />
<br />
画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命 的时刻。<br />
<br />
The painter was very anxious. Early in the morning, for others was the beginning of the day's work, but for him was the continuation of the night's work. The turn of day and night was the moment when he was busy running around and exhausted.<br />
<br />
人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
<br />
How many ordeals there were in life! Social, natural and accidental...<br />
<br />
穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽听一阵隆隆的马达声。一辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
<br />
Through a street, there was a busy intersection ahead, cars running like the tide. He rode forward cautiously, and suddenly heard a rumble of motors. A reckless truck crossed the intersection, refusing to slow down, as if there was no one else there. <br />
With fast speed, slippery ground, and without preparation, the painter had been too late to dodge it. A crush with a sound of bang, the painter flew far away with the car and fell to the ground. Just then, another truck came from the opposite side, and the painter was passed under the wheels of the truck like a ball...<br />
<br />
街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
<br />
When the people in the street saw this scene of tragedy, they screamed and froze there.<br />
<br />
卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
<br />
The truck driver lost his composure, forgetting to brake in the panic, and putting his right foot on the accelerator and drove on. The truck's big wheels ran over the bicycle, the steel frame uttered a short groan, and the bicycle seat was crushed into a ball. The truck kept going towards the painter.<br />
<br />
这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸口一轧,就算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
<br />
It was a moment of pain, a moment of approaching death. It was over. As soon as the car rolled over his chest, his life was over. He had suffered repeatedly on the road of life, and had never been willing to give in to the fate, but this time he was afraid that he would not be able to escape. He left his beloved art, his wife and children, and died meaninglessly...<br />
<br />
按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同情——预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头——抗争！<br />
<br />
According to Goethe, people could only have three feelings about their own sufferings and that of others: fear, terror and sympathy--the anxiety of foreseeing the coming catastrophe, the unexpected discovery of current suffering and the sympathy for the suffering of the time or the past. However, the painter, who fell under the wheel, had none of these three feelings in the hazy consciousness that flashed through his mind. Even at such a moment, he showed his stubborn character, and had only one strong thought--to struggle!<br />
<br />
接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
<br />
What happened next was unbelievable to the startled roadside pedestrians. They saw the body that fell under the truck suddenly straightened up, stretching out a pair of arms, and clinging to the front bumper of the truck. The truck roared and shook, as if to destroy the barrier; the person under the wheels struggled, slid, and refused to give up. People in the streets of Changchun saw a scene of flesh and blood stubbornly fighting with the steel monster.<br />
<br />
“千万不能倒下！”画家想,“一倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
<br />
"I must not fall down!" The painter thought, "If I fall down, I'll never get up again..."<br />
<br />
卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
<br />
The truck dragged the painter along the icy road, for 5 meters, 10 meters... Until the driver regained his normal reflexes, he hit the brake, overcoming the car's inertia.<br />
<br />
画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
<br />
The painter was injured seriously and his clothes were torn into ragged strips. He was taken to the hospital.<br />
<br />
抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天才清醒过来。<br />
<br />
When Lanying, who was sick at home, heard the news, there was a buzz in her head, and she felt that the sky was spinning, and her legs went limp. It took her a long time to wake.<br />
<br />
兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾一切地赶到医院。存车的时候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙怎么也拔不出来。<br />
<br />
Lanying got on her bicycle and, not knowing where she got the strength, she rushed to the hospital regardless. When she stored the car, she lost strength again. She could hardly look at the hospital door, her hands were shaking, and she could not pull the key out.<br />
<br />
存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚才进医院的时候,自己还能走路。”<br />
<br />
The old lady at the parking lots recognized Lanying: "You are Yuan's lover, right? Don't be afraid. He just walked into the hospital by himself."<br />
<br />
兰英这才觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
<br />
Lanying felt relieved now.<br />
<br />
兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫妻双双躺在床上。<br />
<br />
Lanying took her husband home to recover from his injuries. After this mental stimulation, the sick wife’s body was heavier. Both the couple lay in bed.<br />
<br />
孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和女儿一人捧回一包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
<br />
The child was left unattended. Lanying took out a few cents and asked the children to buy food. After a while, the son and daughter each brought back a packet of cookies, standing by the bed with tears in their eyes.<br />
<br />
儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
<br />
The son said, "Dad, eat this."<br />
<br />
女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
<br />
The daughter said, "Daddy, eat mine."<br />
<br />
兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿......<br />
<br />
Lanying took the children into her arms, wiping away the tears on their little faces for both of them. The children understood the family situation and tasted the desolation and fears of life too soon. Lanying only regrated that she couldn’t have more money to give her husband and children a little spiritual and physical compensation...<br />
<br />
画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰问。他们留下一百块钱赔偿经济损失——画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
<br />
While the painter was recovering from his injuries, the driver who caused the accident and the head of his unit came to his house to apologize and express sympathy. They left a hundred yuan to compensate for the economic loss--the painter's clothes, bicycle and medical expenses.<br />
<br />
客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
<br />
After the guests left, the painter sat on the bed, deep in thought.<br />
<br />
兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看一眼也令人伤心。<br />
<br />
Lanying looked at the pile of money and sighed sadly. Because her husband got it by escaping from death, she was sad even by glancing at it.<br />
<br />
画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
<br />
The painter suddenly got out of bed and paced around the house.<br />
<br />
“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, are you crazy?" His wife said with the tone of blame, "Your leg is not yet healed. Back to bed!"<br />
<br />
画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民——我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去！”<br />
<br />
The painter walked up to his wife, his eyes shining with excitement, "Look, I can walk! You know, I haven't gone out to paint for a long time, because I don't have that condition. How I long for the grassland in northern Shaanxi, the rushing Yellow River, and the people there--I'll take this money and go to Yan'an to paint from life!"<br />
<br />
这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是一个贫病交困的人的最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对一些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那样遥远,拼着性命才能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
<br />
This was the voice in the heart of the artist who just got up from under the wheel! This was the highest hope of a poor and sick man! His request was so limited, which didn’t matter to some people, but was so far away for him, who needed to fight for it with his life. Lanying felt like her chest was hit hard, with her heart burning, and ran out of words. She looked at her husband's sincere face, and understood it. Now that it could bring joy and satisfaction to him who longed to paint, then let him go.<br />
<br />
数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
<br />
A few days later, Yuan Yunsheng, dragging his unhealed body, carrying a heavy pack and painting tools, set off on a snowy and windy road with his wife's affectionate gaze...<br />
<br />
袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng went through difficulties on the trip to northern Shaanxi. As months went by, his face was engraved with the marks of the plateau sun and sandstorms, and he returned home with his bag full of sketches.<br />
<br />
袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,一举一动都受到街道居委会的监视。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing, he went to see Jiang Feng. At that time, the air in Beijing was suffocating. Jiang Feng was over 60 years old, whose situation was even worse than before. He lived alone in a messy compound, and his every move was monitored by the street committee.<br />
<br />
袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没有什么值得高兴的——中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路线走一遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng sat in front of the past the secretary of the Party Committee, bringing recent news of the old areas of northern Shaanxi. The news was nothing to cheer about--the People's Republic of China had been founded for more than twenty years, and everywhere he went along the route of the Red Army’s strategic shift, the people were still living in poverty. The young painter declaimed against the country’s failings, but suddenly thought that the walls have ears, and worried about the situation of the old man, so he dropped the subject and quietly looked at Jiang Feng.<br />
<br />
江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上挂着一幅画框,嵌着一张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng listened peacefully, looking calm, and had not intention of stopping him. On the wall behind him hung a framed sketch, which was exactly the one that Yuan Yunsheng painted for Jiang Feng in the Shuangqiao farm ten years ago. The old man maintained his inherent dignity as usual, and was a true tough man. Yuan Yunsheng experienced once again the spiritual power that calmed people down.<br />
<br />
袁运生打开画夹,把一组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng opened the portfolio and placed a group of sketches of people in northern Shaanxi in front of Jiang Feng, including a shepherd with a wrinkled face, a young people with a cold gaze showing disdain for everything, and a rural girl with her head bowed in contemplation... These characters were real and simple, with distinctive characters, and the unprovoked, unintelligible or artificial smiles that often appeared in general paintings could not be found on their faces. He painted the unique temperament of the people in northern Shaanxi.<br />
<br />
“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
<br />
"No one will publish these pictures if you take them out now." Jiang Feng said, "Maybe if you lose sincerity, you will get praise. But I think you are on the right way. The artist can't cater to the mass!"<br />
<br />
袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手一丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out another long scroll of landscape, 68 centimeters wide and more than 400 centimeters long. This painting depicted the lofty Jiaji Pagoda, the flowing water of the Yellow River that broke the ice, and the vast plateau scenery. It took him two whole days to stand in the cold wind and meticulously paint it with his frozen hands, and the strokes were rigorous and majestic.<br />
<br />
画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于1974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
<br />
In one corner of the picture were noted a few lines of small characters: "Written two days after painting at the end of December 1974, when the Yellow River water just broke the ice and flowed on."<br />
<br />
江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他说:“呵,黄河!一泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声音……"<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng extremely liked it after looking at it. The familiar scenery in northern Shaanxi in the picture evoked the strong feelings of the veteran of Yan’an. He said, "Oh, Yellow River! Flowing down vigorously, rushing and surging, and stirring up lofty high raging waves. I seem to hear its voice again..."<br />
<br />
春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了!<br />
<br />
The day finally came like the spring water breaking through the ice and fire erupting from the heart of the earth!<br />
<br />
担担画<br />
<br />
Shoulder Pole Painting<br />
<br />
“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
<br />
When the "Gang of Four" disappeared from political life, the art world burst into life.<br />
<br />
美术界一些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头角,施展才华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是一个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。这个磨砺精深的艺术家，就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
<br />
Some upright men in the art world sympathized with Yuan Yunsheng, whose talent had been buried for many years, and hoped that he could show his talent again. Zhang Ding, the president of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, wrote specially to recommend him to paint. Fei Zheng, who was now the vice chairman of the Hebei Art Association, also made an effort to help him. However, all these efforts were mildly rebuffed and turned back by various excuses. It was clear that Yuan Yunsheng's name was still an ominous thing, subject to indifference and discrimination. This artist with superb painting skills did not even have the opportunity to draw a comic book.<br />
<br />
乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
<br />
Even when it's warmer there is still a chill. It is most difficult to keep well.<br />
<br />
在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,一头不驯服的长发如垂下万根烦恼丝 。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
<br />
In his humble room in Changchun, Yuan Yunsheng was drawing a portrait of himself with a brush in his hand in front of a mirror. A head full of sadness appeared on the sketch, with deep creases, a weed-like beard, and long untamed hair such as hanging down ten thousand trouble silk. His hair was very long and he didn’t have time to care about it, so rarely trimmed it. This appearance, from the personality of the art, matched the painter's difficult state of mind and stubborn temperament... He was nearly forty years old. Since the criticism of ''Memory of the Water Town'', he had not painted a picture according to his own will for more than ten years. How could it not make him have thousands of trouble silk!<br />
<br />
他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
<br />
He threw down his paintbrush irritably and picked up a novel to kill time.<br />
<br />
兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
<br />
Every time Lanying returned home, she always asked with concern, "Yunsheng, have you got any news?"<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head, and the wife sighed.<br />
<br />
兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
<br />
Lanying was already a middle-aged woman. She gave birth to a third child and shouldered the burden of a family of five. On the family agenda, Lanying's main concern was still her husband's art. Art brought joy to her husband, and his joy was her joy. She also waited with the same anxiety.<br />
<br />
1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
<br />
In May 1978, the enthusiastic efforts of a few friends finally paid off, and Yuan Yunsheng got a chance to go out sketching in the beautiful Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province.<br />
<br />
他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了妻子,全家人像过节一样快乐。<br />
<br />
When he received the telegram from Yunnan People's Publishing House, he was ecstatically happy. He immediately told his wife this excellent thing and the whole family was happy just like at a festival.<br />
<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
<br />
His son asked curiously, "Dad, what does Xishuangbanna look like?"<br />
<br />
“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
<br />
"Beautiful!" He said with a smile, "I'll show you the picture I paint when I came back."<br />
<br />
女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
<br />
His daughter tugged at his coat: "Dad, what good things are there in Xishuangbanna?"<br />
<br />
“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
<br />
"There’s a lot of fruit." He stroked his daughter's head, "I'll buy some for you to eat."<br />
<br />
他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
<br />
He was busy packing and organizing his painting tools, making a big mess, and he could not wait to start on his way.<br />
<br />
兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying looked at the things spread all over the floor and asked in amazement: "Why do you bring so many things?"<br />
<br />
丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注一掷了!”<br />
<br />
Her husband said, "It's a rare opportunity, so I need to go for broke!"<br />
<br />
是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使一颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴一样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
<br />
Yes, this painter had been treated coldly for many years. If you think about his action of picking himself up from under the wheel and going to northern Shaanxi that year, you can understand his feelings at this moment. He was eager to go deeply into life and considered it more important than life. Now, a publishing unit sent a formal invitation to him, which made the heart of a man who was loyal to art ablaze like dry firewood.<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,一针针,一线线,直缝到天色薄明。<br />
<br />
In the evening, Lanying found some old cloth and sewed a backpack for her husband under the lamp, needle by needle, thread by thread, until the break of dawn.<br />
<br />
“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
<br />
"How long will you go this time?" Lanying asked.<br />
<br />
“三个月吧。”画家说,“你一个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
<br />
"About three months." The painter said, "Can you take after three children alone?"<br />
<br />
妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
<br />
The wife smiled: "I'm satisfied that you can think of my difficulties..."<br />
<br />
这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府——景洪。他被西双版纳惊人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁着珠光宝气。<br />
<br />
In May of that year, Yuan arrived at Jinghong, the capital of Xishuangbanna, on the banks of the Lancang River. He was deeply shocked by the amazing beauty of Xishuangbanna. When he looked up, everywhere was rich green, and everywhere was picturesque. <br />
The forest was as green as emerald, the valley was like being paved with green velvet, the river was like flowing congealed fat, and the moist air also felt like crystal. No wonder the Dai people compared Xishuangbanna to a shining jewel. The mountains and waters here were glittering with pearls.<br />
<br />
有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
<br />
Who could feel the beauty of life better than a painter? There were so many beautiful sceneries, as if he came to the paradise in hope. The creator of nature seemed to have a special love for this land and poured out the romantic colors of the world everywhere, so that he feasted his eyes on it and he was ecstatic!<br />
<br />
他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地 。招待所的服务人员很有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进一间中等客房。<br />
<br />
He checked in the Jinghong hostel and took a break, preparing to go deeper into the Xishuangbanna. The hostel staff received the painter politely, leading him into a moderate room.<br />
<br />
画家开口就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "How much does this room cost for one day?"<br />
<br />
服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
<br />
The staff said, "Two yuan and a half."<br />
<br />
“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
<br />
"Is there any room cheaper?"<br />
<br />
“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"There is one for seventy dimes a day."<br />
<br />
“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"Good! I’ll check in this room."<br />
<br />
他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下一步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
<br />
He was used to being careful with his money. When he left Changchun, he borrowed a limited amount of money from his unit. He spent a large part of it in the road, and the next economic source was still unknown... The painter plunged into the thick of life and everyone lived well, but he was willing to live in the bottom.<br />
<br />
幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
<br />
Fortunately, Fei Zheng supported him again, sending him 300 yuan from Hebei. This was three-quarters of Fei Zheng's demobilization fee. This timely and generous support gave Yuan Yunsheng the courage to move forward.<br />
<br />
云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
<br />
The Yunnan People's Publishing House assigned a young editor to accompany Yuan Yunsheng to paint. When the Dai boy came to meet him at the hostel, the painter took out everything he had brought from Changchun.<br />
<br />
好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有140多斤重。小伙子看了直抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
<br />
My goodness! The big wooden box contained 18 pieces of plywood, several big bundles of manuscript paper, and a backpack as big as a sack, which was stuffed with pigments, painting tools and daily necessities... They weighed more than 140 pounds altogether. The young man scratched the back of his head after looking at them. He couldn’t imagine how the painter carried them off the train and took them into the dense forests of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out a shoulder pole, smiling at the young man.<br />
<br />
瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
<br />
Look how proud he was, as if he wanted to take the natural scenery of Xishuangbanna into his bag. A few days later, he picked this bent shoulder pole, into the lush subtropical jungle...<br />
<br />
奏鸣曲<br />
<br />
Sonata<br />
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瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
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Look, that was the big banyan tree! Its crown was like clouds that could shelter against the sun, as a solemn and benevolent old grandmother.<br />
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呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
<br />
Ah, that was the areca nut tree, straight and tall, and the local young men and women used it to symbolize everlasting love.<br />
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那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝一样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
<br />
That was the sandalwood tree, whose branches and leaves were as thin as hair. It looked so dashing, like a poet reciting poetry with his hair hanging down.<br />
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就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
<br />
Even the bamboo forest here was different. It was luxuriant and verdant, growing in clusters, like a peacock showing its tail.<br />
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西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在一棵树前,一画就是一整天。<br />
<br />
The plants in Xishuangbanna were the most beautiful! The abundant sunshine and humid climate gave the plant population a particularly rich, dense, and graceful image. The world here was unparalleled, and was looked full of beautiful things. The painter had to suppress his excitement, to gather his feelings and to retain his feelings more precisely in a slower way. He stood in front of a tree and painte all day.<br />
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“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
<br />
"Hey, what kind of tree is that?" The painter asked his fellow editor.<br />
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“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
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"It's called the pattra-leaf tree." The young man enthusiastically introduced, "The Dai people use its leaves instead of paper, and many ancient folklores are recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra."<br />
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袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。每一笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理睬......<br />
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Yuan Yunsheng spread out the paper and painted the unique canopies of the pattra-leaf tree, which were in order, as if the tree wore an armor made of metal chains. Each brush stroke played its role, showing the vitality of green life in layers on the paper. The tropical sun was shooting flames above the painter's head, and it was very hot that beads of sweat oozed from his head. Swarms of insects flew out of the grass and could not be driven away. His legs were red and felt itchy from being bitten. He shook his head helplessly and simply ignored them...<br />
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中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来才深有感受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
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At noon, the young man brought two glutinous rice cakes and thrust them into the painter's hand: "I deeply feel that painting is really a hard job when I come out with you."<br />
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画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在一起的......”<br />
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The painter said with a smile, "Beauty and bitter are always linked together..."<br />
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他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
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They had been staying in a Dai family's bamboo hut. The painter got to know the customs of this warm and kind ethnic group from the perspective of daily life.<br />
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每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
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Every day after dinner, the painter came out of the bamboo hut and went to the forest glade. This was the most charming moment in Xishuangbanna. The sunset glow tinted the village, the treetops, and the water of Lancang River red. A group of Dai girls came slowly, carrying small spinning wheels on their shoulders, small lanterns in their hands, and their tight and floor-length dresses swaying with the wind. They were so slender, so light on their feet, and so graceful, as if a group of beautiful fairies had descended from the sky.<br />
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“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露一截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后一盘,自然地溜向一边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
<br />
"So beautiful!" The painter expressed his feeling to the companion, "Look, those girls' girdles, golden and silver, are like exquisite crafts. But I will never paint their girdles, which will separate the body and destroy the integrity of it. I prefer their natural dressing. See, those girls' dressing is very natural. Their jackets are short, their skirts are long, and a part of the waist is exposed between the jacket and the skirt, which is a high level of aesthetic point of view, making them look slim and tall, pavilion... And look at their hairstyle, tying the hair into a bun, which is naturally slipped to one side. It has got a real Tang style! This ethnic group is amazing. They know best the beauty of details..."<br />
<br />
少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来一阵阵悠扬的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
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The girls dispersed to all corners of the forest glade. Small groups of boys came out of nowhere, and gathered around the girls, talking and laughing. Through the twilight, an orange lantern was lit, and there came the sound of spinning wheels. Dai women had known since childhood not to rely on their parents but to rely on hard-working hands to prepare their own dowry. They were weaving happy love.<br />
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诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就在苦苦思索一个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
<br />
The poetic atmosphere of the southern border was knocking on the window of the artist's inspiration. Whenever such a moment came, Yuan Yunsheng was thinking hard about a question: What was the master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna?<br />
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美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
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Was beauty in your colorful appearance and jewelry with pearls and jades? Painted your face, but could not paint your unique charm; collapsed at your feet, only acting as a servant of the naturalism.<br />
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面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我感受却不尽相同。一百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,一百种不同的表现方法。<br />
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Faced with the same object, the images on different painters’ retinas were the same; however, their own feelings were not the same. A hundred painters could have a hundred different answers, and a hundred different methods of expression.<br />
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艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。 <br />
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Art was valued for having a "self". He was looking for “his” own Xishuangbanna.<br />
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从夏末到中秋,他在一串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勐定的一个偏僻的小村寨。<br />
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From late summer to mid-autumn, he left his footprints in a string of pearl-like place names, and then came to a small remote village in Mengding.<br />
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这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本寨的荣耀。<br />
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The painter's visit caused a sensation in the small cottage, where apparently few guests had visited. During the evening meeting, the whole village cast warm and curious glances at him with laughter and noise, as if his arrival was an honor for the village.<br />
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同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无力同病魔斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是“鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者一商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
<br />
The fellow editor told him that the village was called "Ghost Village". Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Dai people could not fight against illnesses. If someone was ill, it was said that he was possessed by a "ghost". When someone in the same village was pointed out to be the incarnation of the "ghost", several "respected" elders would immediately drive him out after discussion. Over time, those who were driven out formed a village, gathering a group of people who were discriminated against.<br />
<br />
“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的一瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
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The sufferings of the people in the "ghost village" drew the deep sympathy of the painter. The painter cast a friendly glance at them and found that the people here had beautiful looks. If the Dai ethnic group was a beautiful ethnic group, this village was the essence of beauty. The girls like flowers, the charming women, the sturdy young men, all of whom were happy to accept the painter's request to make a sketch of themselves. Later, they simply came to the painter's home and stood in front of him with good grace, hoping to attract his attention. The painter was so busy that he waved his hand without a break. They loved beauty by nature and were proud of it.<br />
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小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在一起进餐,然后由男方挑着担子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像一泓溪水那样清澈。<br />
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Life in the small village was calm and quiet. The painter lived for many days and he didn't hear of any family quarrel. Men and women were financially independent of each other, and earned income, daily necessities, and working tools were clearly divided. When there were rifts in a family, the woman usually proposed to move away. The whole family sat quietly together for a meal before her departure, and then the man carried the pole to see her off. They treated each other with respect. The old and young were in harmony with each other. The young generation respected the elders and served them with courtesy; the elders took care of the younger generation, but never rigidly restrain them... What a simple relationship between them! It was not polluted by the secular society, as clear as a stream.<br />
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一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
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After a day’s work, the young men and women danced the Elach on the green grass. Joyful drumbeats and the crisp sound of gongs created a distinctive rhythm. The girls formed a queue, stepping gracefully and stretching their soft arms. They had reserved and self-respecting looks with a solemn yearning in the haze. What were they yearning for?<br />
<br />
这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在古老的贝叶经里的传说——从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑娘们生出一计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头一沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
<br />
This was a common dance in the Water-Sprinkling Festival. The Dai editor who accompanied the painter told the painter a legend recorded in the ancient the Pattra-leaf Sutra--once upon a time there was an ugly demon Lord who wanted to take the beautiful girls from each village for himself. He plundered six girls and wanted to take the seventh one, which was hated by the Dai people. The girls came up with a plan to get him drunk and asked him, "What are you most afraid of?" The devil said that he was afraid of nothing. He could only be strangled with his hair, but he could be reborn when his head touched the ground... The girls strangled his head while he was drunk. In order to keep his head from touching the ground, the girls took turns to hold his head in their hands. The annual Water-Sprinkling Festival was to celebrate the people's victory over devilry and to wash away the dirty stains left behind by the demon Lord, so that the spring of freedom and happiness was always in the hearts of the Dai people...<br />
<br />
晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
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At night, the painter returned to the bamboo hut. The moonlight was bright and the shadow of trees was dancing, like flowing mercury pouring in front of the door. On this silent night, he could not sleep for a long time.<br />
<br />
广为流传的神话传说,往往是一个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑海里汇集,逐渐熔化为一团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西双版纳。这是一个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条——单纯与丰富高度和谐地统一!<br />
<br />
Widespread myths and legends were often the windows to the mind of an ethnic group. The story about the origin of the Water-Sprinkling Festival deepened the painter's understanding of this ethnic group who loved beauty. Since he set foot on the land of Xishuangbanna, the mountains, rivers, forests, people and landscapes he saw were like countless colorful light spots, whirling and flickering, gathering in his mind, and gradually melting into a bright flame, which rose from the canopy of thinking. Oh! The master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna, wasn’t the spiritual power of the Dai people to worship a better future and great love? Their hearts were so clean that they always kept their ethnic group’s nature of purity. So, the colorful and vibrant plants, and the natural and simple Dai women with their unique beauty constituted the painter’s general image of Xishuangbanna: "my" own Xishuangbanna. This was a world of lines, soft and elastic lines, unrestrained and smooth lines, upright and beautiful lines, and also tangled and slow lines like gossamers--simplicity and richness were highly harmonious!<br />
<br />
他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的一组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
<br />
He waved lines and made hundreds of line-drawing paintings. If the heavy color painting was compared to the symphony, the line drawing was the solo of lines. Yuan Yunsheng's artistic style, which was formed through years of honing, showed a fantastic charm in the solo of lines. It was a set of passionate sonatas that he dedicated to the Dai people with sincere feelings.<br />
<br />
昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
<br />
Kunming held an exhibition for Yuan Yunsheng. His paintings were delivered to the Yunnan People's Publishing House for selection and editing. The foreword written for him by the editor Liu Shaohui began with a few lines from the Dai folk narrative poem ''The Gourd Letter''.<br />
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公主啊!<br />
<br />
O Princess!<br />
<br />
你是一颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
<br />
You are a brilliant jewel,<br />
<br />
但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
<br />
I wish I were a silversmith,<br />
<br />
把宝石镶在我的心上......<br />
<br />
Setting the jewel in my heart...<br />
<br />
他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
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He praised Yuan Yunsheng for setting the "jewel" of Xishuangbanna in his heart.<br />
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二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
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For more than twenty years, it was the first time Yuan Yunsheng heard an affirmation of his art.<br />
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袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
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During his stay in Yunnan, Yuan Yunsheng constantly received letters from his wife, who told him they were safe.<br />
<br />
兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
<br />
What Lanying said in the letter made the painter felt like drinking a glass of sweet spring water, cool and delicious, soothing and cheerful when he read each letter. At the end of his wife's letters, there were always these lines: "Don't worry about the family. Paint your paintings, and if you can't finish them, you don't have to hurry back..."<br />
<br />
画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
<br />
The painter smiled with relief. During his busy days in Xishuangbanna, his main worry was "the fire in the backyard", but his wife's letter lifted his worries.<br />
<br />
其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
<br />
In fact, it was an eventful year. A wind of earthquakes blew in Changchun, and the whole city was in a panic. People were busy building quake-proof shelters, moving things, and transferring to shelters.<br />
<br />
画家在长春的一个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁愕然了。<br />
<br />
A friend of the painter in Changchun, thinking of the painter's wife and children, rushed to their home to visit. He was stunned.<br />
<br />
这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出一个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗震棚挪动着……<br />
<br />
The humble room was as it had been, and the furniture and sundries were not organized. The children were playing with their heads down. Lanying, bending over and sweating, dragged out a heavy wooden box full of the painter's paintings from the house, and moved it to the nearby quake-proof shelter...<br />
<br />
显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
<br />
Obviously, this was the most precious thing in the heart of the painter's wife. She knew the painter's hardship best, understanding the value of art from the hardships of it.<br />
<br />
朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道。<br />
<br />
The friend's heart trembled with excitement. Lanying still did not tell her husband about this. If his friend had not later recounted the scene he saw, he would never have known.<br />
<br />
壁画之梦 <br />
<br />
The Dream of Murals<br />
<br />
不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。 <br />
<br />
At some point, through the glass window covered with ice flowers, a hazy blue light came in, like a fairy stretching out her white arms and lifting the veil as soft as a dream.<br />
<br />
屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀一样扑朔不定。 <br />
<br />
The room seemed bright and dim, with faint yellow glow of the electric light and murky air around, and the glow fluttered in a haze of smoke like wings.<br />
<br />
他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。 <br />
<br />
He wagged his head vigorously, and rubbed his eyes. The paintings on the table turned into a white mist, rising and spreading. Everything was blurred.<br />
<br />
他搞不清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里…… <br />
<br />
He didn’t know whether he was awake at the moment, or vaguely in a dream...<br />
<br />
昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。一抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从梦境回到了现实的世界。 <br />
<br />
Last night he slept too late and smoked too much. Or rather, he didn't sleep, just lying next to the messy paintings and ashtray full of cigarette butts on the table for a while. When he looked up, it was dawn. The first ray of morning sunlight caressed the buildings in the suburbs of Beijing. He pushed the window open, and let the cold morning breeze chase away the fatigue of the night. He went back from the dream to the real world.<br />
<br />
这是1979年1月,在北京白家庄。 <br />
<br />
It was January 1979, in Baijiazhuang, Beijing.<br />
<br />
袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和工艺美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得到了推荐,也在被邀请之列。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing on his way home from a six-month-long trip to Yunnan. A great joy forced him to stay in Beijing. At that time, the new terminal building of Capital Airport was like a magnificent crystal palace going up in the eastern suburbs of Beijing, equipped with the world's most advanced technology. The spacious and comfortable departure lounges and restaurants, automatic doors, baggage carousels, weight scales with electronic digital display, special quartz clocks made by Seikosha, high-efficiency indoor air conditioning devices, precise navigation and communication systems... They constituted the magnificent air gateway of the capital, whose degree of modernization was unparalleled in China. In today's world, modern architectural design was integrated with exquisite art decoration, and the ancient mural art was revived, accommodating with the development of construction industry based on new industrial technology. People in charge of the capital airport were managers of the new enterprise indeed. They invited more than fifty excellent artists as well as arts and crafts workers, led by Zhang Ding, the dean of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, to create a large modern murals for the terminal building. Yuan Yunsheng, who had been silent for more than two decades, was lucky enough to be recommended and was among the invitees.<br />
<br />
随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使一些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单一些,拿他的话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。” <br />
<br />
With the opening of a crack in the window of ideological liberation in early 1979, the close relationship between literature and art and politics, which was very hot, was gradually adjusted over the years, making some artists calm down. They reconsidered the old and difficult proposition of the relationship between literature and art and politics, and denied the claim that literature and art was subordinate to politics. Their intentions were kind and peaceful, unwilling to use the arrow of art to touch sensitive political issues to avoid being blamed for something other than art; at the same time, they hoped to escape from the influence of the wind change and maintain the relative stability of the range of art, without rising or falling like a floating feather. But Yuan Yunsheng thought more simply, in his words, "Art is art, which needs to be sincere."<br />
<br />
袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节——生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻辑和客观条件应运而生的。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng's large mural design ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', was born based on this simple logic and objective conditions.<br />
<br />
候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的一块地方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴的哲理。他决定抦弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。” <br />
<br />
A large wall of the passenger’s dining room in the terminal, together with a corner, was given to him. What a big space! He stood before the white wall, astonished and delighted, wanting to pour out all the words in the heart to this wall. Artistic creation always spared no effort without reservation to present the most beautiful part of the artist's feelings of the mind. For more than twenty years, the language of art and life he had accumulated resounded in his heart like a surging river, and the unforgettable impression he had from his trip to Xishuangbanna was the climax of the good things and the leaping wave of his whole life experience. At that time, the only subject he thought of was the Water-Splashing Festival. The myths and legends he heard, recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra condensed the emotions like flames, the free imagination and the clear and pure philosophy of the tropical ethnic group. He decided to abandon the conception of genre and narrative paintings and used the lines he had practiced over the years to express the people's desire for a future of freedom and happiness. He said, “It is a pleasant surprise for me to paint a mural praising the spirit and sentiment of the Dai people on a huge wall with 27 meters wide and 3.4 meters high."<br />
<br />
主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知命运如何? <br />
<br />
Artists who advocated art for the sake of politics could also attribute this subject to politics. However, this idea, after all, left the specific political context and contained the deeper and more distant time and space as well as timeless themes. If it was in the past, such an artistic conception would have been intervened by politics and would have been accused of rebelling against orthodoxy. What was his fate this time?<br />
<br />
袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng's brother, Yuan Yunfu, gave him a room in his apartment in Baijiazhuang, which was both a bedroom and a studio. However, the small bed was rarely used. He spread out his sketch and entered a dream, a dream of flowing lines and beautiful colors...<br />
<br />
在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统一。那座大门却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门搏斗,一支接一支地吸烟,一张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。 <br />
<br />
In the dream of art, there were also untold troubles. Apart from anything else, the door in the wall of the dining room was annoying. Originally, the artistic language of mural should be harmonized with the artistic language of architecture. The door, however, divided the wall and become an obstacle to the artistic conception. He spent the whole night fighting with the annoying door, smoking one cigarette after another, and drawing one sketch after another. His brother lived in the room opposite to his room, who could see the light coming from the crack of the door all night long, and the smell of smoke wafted up. And his energy, effort and life were consumed in the light blue smoke. The next day when the door was opened, his face was pale.<br />
<br />
“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。 <br />
<br />
"How can your body stand it!" Yuan Yunfu said.<br />
<br />
“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……” <br />
<br />
"It's doesn't matter." He smiled faintly, "I get used to it..."<br />
<br />
在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出一股韧性。为了重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟此时的心情。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of the elder brother, his younger brother was a completely different people than before. On the night more than twenty years ago, when Yuan Yunsheng told his brother that he was classified as a "rightist” in the same room, his round face was full of innocence, as if he was telling a light anecdote. Now, that face had experienced the hardships and troubles of life, stumbling on the rugged road, and had become angular with a stern look, revealing a resilience. In order to regain this opportunity to create in Beijing, what a price he had to pay! Yuan Yunfu understood his brother's feelings at this time.<br />
<br />
整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法——“拱桥的两头很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》） <br />
<br />
All day long, Yuan Yunsheng locked himself in his room and had a dream of mural. He was inspired by the familar principle of the arch bridge in the suburbs of Suzhou, and found a way to cross the gate -- “The two ends of the arch bridge are very heavy, holding the towering and thin top. It is stable in mechanics, and how beautiful the curve like the rainbow is! The idea of constructing a rainbow of people with the activities of the Dai people is fascinating..." (quoted in ''Art Research'', Issue 1, 1980, Yuan Yunsheng: ''The Dream of Murals'')<br />
<br />
实现这个迷人的想法,真是一项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每一个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了…… <br />
<br />
It was a huge project to realize this fascinating idea. The splendid and colorful images of the Water-Splashing Festival came to his eyes: carrying water, sharing water, splashing water, dancing, boat racing, bathing at night, the quiet family life in the bamboo house of the Dai people and the young men and women who didn’t want to leave with each other in the jungle after dusk... Hundreds of characters appeared under his brush, and each of them was vivid and true. At the same time, it was decorative, exaggerated, personalized, and full of lyricism. The sketch was longer and longer, and the crowds like the rainbow were stretching out. The painter, who was immersed in the frenzy of his creation, seemed to be accompanied by music in his ears. He grasped the brush as if grasping the baton of the symphony orchestra, to express the shifts of melody and rhythm through the flowing lines, and the solemn, fervent and tenaciously upward theme song gradually rose up...<br />
<br />
又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还有灯光。 <br />
<br />
It was another early morning that Yuan Yunfu, who lived in the opposite room, woke up from his sleep and saw the light under the door of his brother’s room.<br />
<br />
这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunfu was also very tired these days. He also participated in the creation of murals at the Capital Airport, painting the first draft of ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan''. If he was exploring the path of art with his experience and artistic accomplishment, his brother was sprinting with his life. Half a month passed, in fifteen days and nights, the light in the opposite room did not go out. What an amazing perseverance! Even the golden stone should cry for his sincerity of the art... <br />
<br />
对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀! <br />
<br />
A light blue smoke was coming from the opposite room with a heavy coughing sound, each hoarser than the last. However, he was still painting, and still smoking incessantly. The coughing sound could be heard without end, and it was heart-wrenching to hear it in the silence before dawn. He was destroying the foundation of his health to build a spiritual building, and the lines on the sketch were clearly the blood streak of life!<br />
<br />
天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休息几天,回长春去过年吧。” <br />
<br />
After dawn, Yuan Yunfu said to his brother, "You probably forget that the day after tomorrow is Lunar New Year's Eve. I advise you to take a few days off and go back to Changchun for the New Year."<br />
<br />
袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用。第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制。” <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng shook his head, “I don’t have enough time. Although the second draft was drawn, but I haven’t had time to copy it."<br />
<br />
“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。” <br />
<br />
"You don’t care about your own body, but you have to think about Lanying.” His brother said. "You have been away from Changchun for more than six months. It is unreasonable for you not to go back for the Spring Festival."<br />
<br />
提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能在家待几天?” <br />
<br />
When it came to Lanying, Yuan Yunsheng was no longer obstinate. On New Year's Eve, he rushed back to Changchun. Lanying asked him, "How many days can you stay at home this time?"<br />
<br />
画家说:“春节一过,还得讨论画稿。这一稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "After the New Year, I still have to discuss the drafts. I have not made a copy of this one yet, so I brought it back home."<br />
<br />
兰英叹了一口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……” <br />
<br />
Lanying sighed, "So, even in the Spring Festival, you still can’t have a good rest..."<br />
<br />
画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "It's not difficult to copy, but it takes time."<br />
<br />
兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?” <br />
<br />
Lanying thought about it, "Well, can I help you?"<br />
<br />
画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。 <br />
<br />
The painter looked at his wife with affection and nodded.<br />
<br />
这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下一个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹…… <br />
<br />
This was the first time that Lanying was directly involved in her husband's artistic creation. At night, they turned on the lamp, set up a glass plate, laid out a translucent copy paper, and copied the painting of the Water-Splashing Festival together. This work, which celebrated the Dai people, also left traces of a Han woman's feelings...<br />
<br />
从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
<br />
From the first to the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, they spent their time in this way. Lanying and the painter stayed up late together.<br />
<br />
忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴云笼罩着...... <br />
<br />
The busy painter did not even notice that Lanying's thin face was more withered, covered by the heavy cloud of illness...<br />
<br />
牛皮纸 <br />
<br />
Kraft Paper<br />
<br />
春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。 <br />
<br />
Just after the Spring Festival, Yuan Yunsheng returned to Beijing with the colored design.<br />
<br />
绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
<br />
Preparations for the mural painting were under way intensely. In order to get the best artistic effect, Capital Airport imported a batch of acrylic paints from Hong Kong. This was a new painting material popular in Europe, America and Japan in recent years. It had bright and soft color, strong covering power, and was suitable for multi-layered sfumato and foil, and maintained the stability of the color of the painting for a long time under various conditions of wetting, drying, hot and cold.<br />
<br />
参加《泼水节——生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
<br />
Lian Weiyun and Fei Zheng, two collaborators who participated in the painting of ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', also arrived in succession. They were both accomplished middle-aged artists. After looking Yuan Yunsheng's design, they were impressed by the charm of the combination of traditional techniques of Chinese painting and western modern art, and were interested in it and eager to have a try.<br />
<br />
脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。 <br />
<br />
The scaffolding was set up and the walls were covered with solid backing cloth. Everything was ready and it was early summer. One day in June, Lanying came to Beijing from Changchun.<br />
<br />
兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的一次妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。 <br />
<br />
This time, Lanying made a special trip to Beijing to see a doctor. In fact, her condition had already been discovered. In a gynecological examination before the Spring Festival, the doctor felt an obvious foreign body in the uterus. Because her husband was away and she needed to take care of the children, her illness had not been treated. Recently, due to the rapid aggravation of her condition, she had to go to a large hospital in Beijing for a diagnosis.<br />
<br />
在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻待在一起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮工。 <br />
<br />
While waiting to see a doctor, Lanying and her husband stayed in a newly built hotel for international flight crews at the Capital Airport. The room was small but comfortable with spring beds, a bathroom, and shutters in the ceiling also indicated that there was air-conditioning equipment. Since her marriage, Lanying had never lived in such a high-class accommodation with her husband. However, the time the couple spent together was still limited. Every day, when the first purple rays of the morning sun came in through the curtains, Yuan Yunsheng turned over and got up, hurriedly wipded the face. The sound of rushing away footsteps could be heard in the corridor. After a busy day, it was already late at night when he returned, covered in sweat and paint, like a house repairman who had just climbed down from the scaffolding.<br />
<br />
好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是出乎意料的,几个月以前的一小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到癌——恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢? <br />
<br />
Finally, it was the day of diagnosis. When Lanying got the diagnosis, moving tired steps out of the hospital, she felt her body and mind sinking downward, as if sinking into a bottomless abyss. The rate of the development of the disease was unexpected, a small foreign body a few months ago had grown into a big lump. Lanying herself was a surgeon, with professional knowledge and clinical experience, who understood the seriousness in the rate of deterioration of the disease. She thought about cancer--malignant cells tended to cause malformed expansion, while benign tumors were relatively steady; if it was not cancer, it was just a fluke. She walked slowly, and her mind was empty, the grey mist floating and sparks of consciousness flickering on and off. She felt painfully, intuitively, that the defenses of her health had been destroyed by everyday’s pressure because of excessive worry and fatigue from chores over the years. Did her lover, her children and everything in the future still belong to her?<br />
<br />
她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了候机大楼,站在脚手架旁…… <br />
<br />
She went back to the airport. The painter could not be found at the accommodation during the day. She stepped across the long asphalt road, entered the terminal building, and stood by the scaffolding...<br />
<br />
大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着一场真正的建设——脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。 <br />
<br />
The lobby was spacious and solemn. The new glass windows reflected the blue sky, and the abundant light rushed in and then spread out, softly scattering on the four walls. Here, in the heat of June, there was a real construction going on--the huge structure of scaffolding climbing up to the roof; on the ground, brushes, palettes and paint buckets were piled up haphazardly, showing how busy the art site was.<br />
<br />
兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在…… <br />
<br />
Lanying looked up and found her husband's figure on the scaffolding. He bent over, holding a brush in his hand, sketching on the wall. His long black hair hang down from his forehead, swinging ceaselessly in the air with his body, as if a cellist holding the bowstring was absorbed in the enchanting music he was playing, and the world around him no longer existed...<br />
<br />
兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,一个艺术赤子的オ华、智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。 <br />
<br />
Lanying stood there dumbfounded. Here and now, perhaps only she could deeply understand her husband's state of mind. From the tiny world of that humble room in Changchun to this grand and spacious lobby, the talents, wisdom and suppressed ambition of a man who was loyal to art broke away from all fetters and poured out. He even wanted to put his hot life into the tip of the brush, pouring, splashing and melting into the picture in front of him.<br />
<br />
墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华! <br />
<br />
Various lines on the wall presented the dense jungle in Xishuangbanna, full of vitality. With the movement of the brush, like the process happened in color developer in the darkroom, the images of several Dai women gradually became clear. Their stretched waists, flexible arms, and action of strong inclination added the sense of motion of the scene of water splashing. Lanying seemed to hear the cheerful rhythm of the small gong and the exciting drumbeat of the elephant-foot drum. The hazy expressions in the women's faces had infinite yearnings. Thus, the dead wall became alive. It was the artist's passion for life was shining, the reproduction of a beautiful vision. The limited life of the artist was sublimated in the meaningful art!<br />
<br />
站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。 <br />
<br />
Standing behind the art stage to see the art was the easiest to touch off the aftertaste of life. <br />
<br />
兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得到了精神的补偿。 <br />
<br />
Lanying felt relaxed, and the heavy feeling like being clogged with lead when she left the hospital was alleviated. Art had already intruded into her destiny, turning her from an outsider into an insider. She got spiritual compensation from the breath of artistic creation.<br />
<br />
这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查有结果了吗?” <br />
<br />
At this time, the painter climbed down from the scaffolding, spotted his wife at a glance, and walked quickly towards her, "Did you get the result of the examination at the hospital?"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说......” <br />
<br />
Lanying said. "Go on with your work. I’ll talk to you when we came back..."<br />
<br />
妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。” <br />
<br />
The peaceful face of his wife reassured the painter. He said, "You should stay in your room and have a good rest."<br />
<br />
“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
<br />
"I'm not tired. Lanying smiled faintly and said with studied casualness, "What can I do for you?"<br />
<br />
Chapter Two<br />
<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对一对画稿上的人物动作。” <br />
<br />
The painter seriously considered for a moment: “Oh, I need you here. Please imitate and check the action of the characters on the sketch for our reference.” <br />
<br />
“好吧。”妻子应允了。 <br />
<br />
"All right." The wife agreed.<br />
<br />
兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容…… <br />
<br />
Lanying made various body movements on the painter’s instructions. Fortunately, she was an active member of the literary and artistic activities twenty years ago with a little dance skills, natural movements, and an ideal slender body. It consumed a lot of time, and the painter looked left and right, directing Lanying's posture while examining the characters on the sketch. For Lanying, who was ill, it was an excessive burden. But she maintained a dignified posture with great endurance, and a serene smile appeared on her pale and tired face...<br />
<br />
几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为一个外科医生,如果给自己开一张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的一桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カ一搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏在心底很久很久了。 <br />
<br />
A few days later, Lanying boarded the northbound train and left Beijing. Her husband went to the station to see her off. Until the moment before her departure, the wife did not tell her husband about her illness. Lanying repeatedly considered the gains and losses. As a surgeon, she would not have hesitated to write “hospitalize immediately and surgically remove" if she had given herself a treatment order. The key to the treating a relentless tumor, whether it was benign or malignant, was to treat it in time.But she thought of her husband, and a wonderful career beyond him. Once she was hospitalized for a major surgery, her husband would not hesitate to accompany her and serve her, because she had no other close relatives in this world. In that way, the painter's work would stop, or at least be influence. Her husband was struggling on the difficult road of art and could not be delayed. Lanying had to give up her treatment, even if it meant the hope of life, in exchange for the extension of the artistic life. This idea, from the day she fell in love with the painter, had been buried in her heart for a long, long time.<br />
<br />
一声长笛,列车开走了,载着一颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾霭中...... <br />
<br />
With a whistle, the train drove away, carrying the heart of an ordinary but great woman, and disappearing in the fog...<br />
<br />
袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,一株热带丛林特有的鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像是在为自己的青春而骄傲…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng and his collaborators worked hard and four months passed. The painting work was coming to an end. Turning a corner of the wall, a view of Xishuangbanna at dusk appeared. In the light blue glow, there was a Passionfora edulis unique to the tropical jungle. Its luxuriant branches and leaves were like a cluster of hydrangea, forming a beautiful screen. Dai girls Girls who took a bath at night, holding a clay pot, poured clear spring water on their body. They wore their long and undulating hair down to the ground, which seemed like the ripples of water flowing from high mountains. After the bath, the girls were combing their long hair with a tender smile on their face, as if they were proud of their youth...<br />
<br />
环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。 <br />
<br />
Surrounding the girl's bodies were a few flowing lines, which were the outline of the clothes that was sketched out in the draft. The painter was still uncertain how to handle them. In the process of painting, the onlookers who came and went through the lobby paid special attention to the girls taking baths at night on the wall, wanting to see whether they would be clothed or not.<br />
<br />
洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。“我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的一种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况他画的是神话传说而不是习俗…… <br />
<br />
It is a common knowledge in life that taking a bath (rather than splashing water) needs to take off clothes. In life, Dai women were more innocent. During the days in Xishuangbanna, the painter bathed many times with Dai men and women at the well and in the Lancang River. They were natural and graceful, treating nudity as a as a creation of nature, so they did not feel it was very mysterious. “I admit that I have more conservative thinking.” Yuan Yunsheng said sincerely, “Because of this, I am more respectful of them.” In the history of painting, the language of nudity was an artistic language with rich expressiveness. Represented by Venus in ancient Greece, it developed into an independent aesthetic category. Similarly, using the language of nudity to express the author's worship of women and the praise for life became necessary for this particular scene in the mural. Not to mention that he painted myths and legends rather than customs...<br />
<br />
看来,画家打错了主意? <br />
<br />
It seems that the painter got the wrong idea?<br />
<br />
在一些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和犯罪搅成一池浑水。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of some people, the style of nude was a “evil custom of barbarians” in the west! The richer the material life of the west was, the poorer the spiritual civilization was to the extent that the body was not covered by clothes. On the contrary, the great revolution of spiritual culture and the great retrogression of material production occurred at the same period in our country. In the past ten years, people’s vision had been highly purified. Chinese women did not even want to wear skirts, cheongsams, or tight-fitting shirts, and wrapped themselves up tightly so as not to show their changeable lines. By doing so, they would not stain the eyes of others and desecrate their bodies. However, treating aesthetics as the result of getting rid of evil concepts did not improve the morality of the society, but brought spiritual impoverishment and degradation. As a result, just like the pure springs turned into muddy currents, art and crime were mixed into a pool of muddy water.<br />
<br />
盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。 <br />
<br />
In the height of summer, when the scene of “bathing at night" stood out, although the images of these young girls were decorative, symbolic and simple, it still caused a stir.<br />
<br />
这并不显眼的一角却引来一批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
<br />
This inconspicuous corner attracted numerous viewers, including curious people, anxious people, passers-by and spectators. People were talking about it in different tones, surprised, harsh or vulgar...<br />
<br />
这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不韪了。如要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的一场争论。 <br />
<br />
It was the first time in years that a nude appeared on modern Chinese murals. The author did a wrong thing that was considered as a big one at the time. If he wanted to solve dispute, it was easy, lifting the brush, smearing a few strokes, and dressing the figures in blouses and skirts, which cost nothing. Then he and his whole family would be blessed and away from misfortune. But he was reluctant to do that. He thought of a controversy in history over the issue of nude art.<br />
<br />
六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的一班轻薄少年、无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军阀败北。 <br />
<br />
Sixty years ago, a group of courageous painters in Shanghai were reviled for using nudity in their teachings and creations. At that time, the newspapers published many critical articles, saying that the painter “offended public decency”, “wanted to make the women of the world into a shameless position" and “broke down the boundaries between Chinese men and women”... And at that time, a group of libertines and loafers in Shanghai took nude photos for sale, which provided handles to trolls. Until the warlord Sun Chuanfang was angered, the painter was wanted by telegram. The painter concentrated all his efforts on rising to the challenge without fear, and wrote articles saying that “Scoundrels made nude photos and obscene picture of prostitutes to attract others for profit, I am very sad... Why Private Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts is blamed? Why I am blamed?” "I advocated that ambition of art shouldn’t be takev away... Although I have to defy all difficulties and dangers, I will never refuse.” The struggle ended in victory for the painter and defeat for the warlord.<br />
<br />
历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的一桩旧案犹未了结。 <br />
<br />
History had gone by more than half a century. Times were different, but an old case in the art world was not settled yet.<br />
<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思想解放!” <br />
<br />
"What we encountered is no longer a body issue.” Yuan Yunsheng said to his companions, “It is related to the ideological liberation of the art world!"<br />
<br />
他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。 <br />
<br />
They insisted on making no changes. This detail in the murals was used as a stone of exploring and was thrown on the path of artistic spring presented in front of them after the smashing of the "Gang of Four".<br />
<br />
舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事…… <br />
<br />
After all, the pressure of public opinion was too great. In order to provide a peaceful environment for the painter to paint, the airport and the construction company were kind to cover up the doors and windows of the lobby while the painting work was still incomplete. Thus, the modernized doors were covered with thick kraft papers produced in the traditional way in China, and the murals painted in imported acrylic paints were hidden in a dull yellow glow of classical colors. The painter was at peace for the moment and went on with their unfinished work...<br />
<br />
不是结尾 <br />
<br />
Not the End<br />
<br />
10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动…… <br />
<br />
One day in late October, the autumn wind swirled yellow sand, sweeping above the streets of Beijing. Yuan Yunsheng walked down the street quickly, facing the wind, and his long and thick black hair fluttering in the wind...<br />
<br />
首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。 <br />
<br />
The painting work of murals at the Capital Airport had been completed. The artists and art workers, led by Zhang Ding, achieved great success. The papers and TV stations published and broadcasted murals with distinctive characteristics and modern style: ''Nezha Conquers the Dragon King'', ''Song of the Forest'', ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan'', ''The Spring of Science'' and ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life''... It was like a hot whirlwind in the art world and society, provoking intense reactions. Before the Fourth Congress of Chinese Writers and Artists, a group of celebrities from the circles of literature and art, theory, architecture, foreign trade and press and publication came to the Capital Airport to attend the unveiling ceremony and congratulate the artists.<br />
<br />
国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人一进入中国就有一个强烈的印象,这种艺术是一个国家国力的象征。” <br />
<br />
They acquired great recognition from foreigners. Foreign friends stood in the lobby of the terminal building, looking around the four walls with appreciative eyes and saying, "Beijing Airport will be famous all over the world for its murals.” ”It gives people a strong impression upon entering China that this art is a symbol of a country's national power."<br />
<br />
日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……” <br />
<br />
Hirayama Ikuo, a famous Japanese painter, also came to visit. He said that Chinese culture had two peaks in history: the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, and he believed that the third peak was coming. He said to Yuan Yunsheng with a smile, "After seeing your murals, I think Xishuangbanna is very beautiful. I really want to change the plan of this trip and go there..."<br />
<br />
这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰一样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔…… <br />
<br />
These days, Yunsheng was very busy. Meeting with foreign guests, accepting interviews and giving speeches on stage filled up his daily schedule. The lonely days were gone, followed by honors, applauses, and toasts, like stepping from the rugged mountain road to the peak full of flowers... He walked on the street, the wind and sand rushing toward him, and his lapel swaying in the wind. At this moment, contrary to the joy brought by the brilliant success, his face was strangely sad and sorrowful, frozen like ice, cold as a rock. It seemed to have infinite remorse in his indifference...<br />
<br />
呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化? <br />
<br />
Oh, what were you doing for? Were you still not satisfied? Or were you still worried about the change of political wind?<br />
<br />
不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着一个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作是坚定正确的表现。 <br />
<br />
No. He was not worried about that. He was confident. For more than twenty years, he had been tenacious exploring towards a set goal with the sincerity of art. He had never been discouraged in the face of any setbacks. He loved the art of the country, and was classified as a "rightist" because he disagreed with Soviet painting theory. But now people who took the same position were seen as having a solid and right performance.<br />
<br />
他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。 <br />
<br />
He loved the watery towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and took a hit for painting the beautiful scenes of the rural market. But now markets all over the country were more prosperous than they were then. Oh life, many things would be changed after thirty years! He no longer believed in temporary and hasty conclusions. His personality and the personality of his art had been strengthened by adversity, becoming independent of the conclusions.<br />
<br />
那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧? <br />
<br />
So, why were you sad? Why were you depressed?<br />
<br />
只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无望,只等待手术的判决…… <br />
<br />
Just because his wife, bosom friend, backer of his career and partner in distress, was lying sickly in the hospital. It was not until a few days earlier that he learned of the illness that Lanying had hidden from him. After four months of suffering from the disease, Lanying's health collapsed! When she left Changchun, her sick body wasted away, with weak spirit and pale and yellow face. Her female companions, who saw her off, could not see any color on her face, took it as their last farewell, breaking down in tears. At this moment, she lay quietly in a hospital in Beijing, and she seemed tired. Once the burden was lifted from her shoulders, she didn’t have words, complaints and hope, only waiting for the verdict of surgery...<br />
<br />
一个人站立起来了,另一个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南去的列车上一见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下一笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。 <br />
<br />
One people stood up, another fell down, and she fell down for him. Since they met on the southbound train, she made too many voluntary sacrifices. If the wife really could never stand up again, then what was the meaning of her husband's success today for her? She was a doctor, a good wife and mother, and a person dedicated to art. Her contributions could never be rewarded, and she could not leave a mark on any art classic, but only painful memories engraved in her husband's heart.<br />
<br />
画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼眶里滚动。 <br />
<br />
The painter ran down the street to the hospital, a storm stirring up in his heart. His eyes were wet, white tears rolling in his eyes.<br />
<br />
他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:一种是诚实的艺术家;另一种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。 <br />
<br />
He thought of the two kinds of people who were closest to art in the wide world. One was the honest artist; the other was the person who did not know art but was pure and simple, such as his lovely wife.<br />
<br />
他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少一些吗?<br />
<br />
They didn’t have other intention, just for art. To recognize their hard work was the minimum to tolerate the existence of art. But they suffered too much beyond art. Couldn’t they suffer less?<br />
<br />
他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。 <br />
<br />
He walked on the street in Beijing, his tearful eyes shining with anticipation.<br />
<br />
后记: <br />
<br />
Postscript:<br />
<br />
本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又过了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世事变迁未可尽述。 <br />
<br />
After this article was published, the heroine recovered after treatment. A few years later, the hero went to the U.S. alone. And many things had changed and it was impossible to mention them all.<br />
<br />
——作者 <br />
<br />
--Author<br />
<br />
（原载《十月》1980年6月） <br />
<br />
(Originally published in ''October'', June 1980)<br />
<br />
==卷一：10.热血男儿Hot-blooded Man==<br />
热血男儿 Hot-blooded Man<br />
<br />
李士非 Li Shifei<br />
<br />
满腔的热血已经沸腾。 <br />
<br />
The hot blood all over the body has been boiling.<br />
<br />
——《国际歌》 <br />
<br />
--''The Internationale'' (Chinese Version)<br />
<br />
一、能见到袁庚吗？ <br />
<br />
I. Can I See Yuan Geng?<br />
<br />
在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天，蛇口工业区和它的领导人袁庚，名扬国内外，越来越引人注目。 <br />
<br />
When the wave of reform is surging today, Shekou Industrial Zone and its leader, Yuan Geng, are becoming more and more famous at home and abroad.<br />
<br />
但是，我接受写袁庚的任务，未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他，手头也没有积累多少关于他的资料，而且听说采访他很困难：他是香港招商局常务副董事长（人们因此亲切地称他为袁董），大部分时间在香港，每到蛇口，都忙得不可开交，实在抽不出时间接受采访。 <br />
<br />
However, it was a bit risky for me to accept the task of writing about Yuan Geng. I had never met him and had not accumulated much information about him, and I heard that it was difficult to interview him: He was the executive vice chairman of China Merchants Hong Kong (so people affectionately called him Chairman Yuan). He spent most of the time in Hong Kong. Every time he came to Shekou, he was too busy and didn’t have time for interviews.<br />
<br />
但是，过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观，听过介绍，看过录像，袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣，接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口来，这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。 <br />
<br />
But after the past several times accompanying writers from other provinces to visit Shekou, listening to the introduction, and watching the video, Yuan Geng and Shekou aroused my strong interest. If I accepted the writing task, I could come to Shekou. The temptation was irresistible.<br />
<br />
”能见到袁庚吗？”“即使见不到袁庚也要写！”所谓“冒险”，无非是写不出或写不好，个人面子不好看罢了，比起袁庚和他的朋友们从事改革所冒的风险，简直是微不足道的。 <br />
<br />
"Can I meet Yuan Geng?" "Even if I can't see Yuan Geng, I’ll still write!" The so-called "risk" simply means that I couldn’t write or couldn’t write well, which would make me look bad. But compared to the risk taken by Yuan Geng and his friends in reform, it was simply insignificant.<br />
<br />
仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气，到这里待一些日子也是值得的。 <br />
<br />
It was worth staying here for a few days just to breathe the air of reform in Shekou.<br />
<br />
“如果你只能待很短的时间，我劝你趁早打退堂鼓，不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意，开弓没有回头箭，退堂鼓是不好打的。 <br />
<br />
"If you can only stay for a short time, I’d advise you to pull back sooner rather than later and don’t make the mistake of a screenwriter again." A kind friend advised me in this way. I appreciated his kindness. But there was no turning back of an arrow once it was shot. It was not easy to pull back.<br />
<br />
二、夜访梁宪 <br />
<br />
Ⅱ. Pay a Call on Liang Xian at Night<br />
<br />
在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口，袁庚出国去了，说是7月底或8月初才能回来。最了解他的一个人，东江纵队时期就和他一起工作，现任蛇口工业区顾问的许智明，到澳大利亚探亲去了，归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同，“时间就是金钱，效率就是生命”，白天工作紧张，找人谈话很难，晚上访问也要事先约定，因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰上袁庚的儿子袁中印，《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意，他马上说：“有什么好写的？这么多人写过了，要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受了乃父的影响，不大欢迎采访。”慢慢来吧，我一定要找你的。”我心里说。 <br />
<br />
It was not easy to interview in Shekou. When I arrived in Shekou in mid-July, Yuan Geng went abroad. I learned that he would be back by the end of July or early August. One of the people who knew him best, Xu Zhiming, who worked with him in the East River Column and was now the counselor of Shekou Industrial Zone, went to Australia to visit his family and his return date was still uncertain. The pace of work here was very different from that of the mainland, where "time is money and efficiency is life." There were many works by day, so it was difficult to find people to have a talk with. Visiting at night also had to be arranged in advance because many formal and informal meetings were held at night. One day I met Yuan Geng's son Yuan Zhongyin in the elevator of the office building. A reporter of ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'', Comrade Chen Yihao introduced my intention of coming here to him, he immediately said, "What is there to write? So many people have written about it. If you want to publish a book, you can collect them." I thought that he was influenced by his father, not very welcome interviews. “Take it a step at a time. I must find you." I said in my heart.<br />
<br />
多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙，约定了一天晚上9点钟去访问工业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人，穿过海滨花园，沐着海风，经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边，漫步走向梁宪的住处。早已听说，他1962年毕业于中山大学外语系，是梁宗岱教授的高足，对法国文学很有研究。果然，一见之下，我就感到他是一个充满艺术气质的人。 <br />
<br />
Thanks to the help of Comrade Huang Hongjian, a female writer and screenwriter of the Pearl River Film Studio who was the deputy director of the office here, we made an arrangement to visit Liang Xian, a member of the management committee of the Industrial Zone, at 9 o'clock one night. Huang Hongjian, Chen Yihao, and I walked through the seaside garden with the sea breeze, passed by Minghua ship of "Sea World” with brilliant light, and strolled towards Liang Xian's residence. I had already heard that he graduated from the Department of Foreign Languages of Sun Yat-sen University in 1962, who was a student of Professor Liang Zongdai and knew a lot about French literature. Sure enough, I felt that he was a man full of artistic temperament at first sight.<br />
<br />
他掏出港币，买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客，然后和我们谈笑风生。 <br />
<br />
He pulled out Hong Kong dollars and bought a few cans of iced Coca-Cola to entertain us, and then talked and laughed with us.<br />
<br />
“你们是文人，我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人，她在中央戏剧学院教书。我对她说：你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的，但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。中国像你们这样的文人太多，像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一句英语，“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙，黄虹坚一时也没反应过来，陈宜浩翻译说：”他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑起来。 <br />
<br />
"You are men of letters, and I’m a businessman. I gave up writing and engaged in business. My wife is also a man of letters, who teaches at the Central Academy of Drama. I said to her: Tang and Song poetry you talk about are very beautiful, but they can't solve the problem of the people's hunger. There are too many literati like you in China, and too few businessmen like me." He suddenly spoke an English sentence to Huang Hongjian, "I will change you into a business woman." I was baffled, and Huang Hongjian didn't understand at the moment, and Chen Yihao translated, "He said he would change you into a business woman.” We all laughed happily.<br />
<br />
梁宪大学毕业的时候，老百姓正在饿肚子，大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法国文学的尖子，后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作，比袁庚晚半年多一点。袁庚很器重他，有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。 <br />
<br />
When Liang Xian graduated from university, people were starving, and probably no unit needed a top student who studied French literature. Then he went to the Ministry of Communications. He was sent to work for the China Merchants Hong Kong in July 1979, more than half a year later than Yuan Geng. Yuan Geng thought highly of him, and some people said that he was Yuan Geng's "think-tank man".<br />
<br />
“我去香港的时候，老婆说：最怕你没骨气，没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是有的，外派干部只要有一点热血，就不是追求几大件，而是感到抬不起头来！ <br />
<br />
"When I went to Hong Kong, my wife said: What I fear the most is that you don’t have the backbone. If you don’t have it, let’s get divorced sooner rather than later. Of course I have it. As long as dispatched cadres have a little passion, they would not pursue some popular household items, but feel embarrassed to keep the head up!”<br />
<br />
“刚到香港，每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐，一串串的，海上漂着偷渡者的尸体，我们不能忍受，啪一声把电视关了。 <br />
<br />
“When I just arrived in Hong Kong, I watched TV every day to see young stowaways in chains of handcuffs, and dead bodies of stowaways floating in the sea. We could not bear it and snapped the TV off.”<br />
<br />
“我们国内建设搞不好，连一些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们，心里真难受呀。所以，我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过：‘我之所以这么干，是为了实现我入党时的初衷。’” <br />
<br />
“When we didn’t do well in nation-building, even some children of dispatched cadres who grew up in Hong Kong also looked down on us. It hurted a lot. So I understand Yuan Geng's mood for engaging in reform. He said, 'I did it because I wanted to realize the original intention when I joined the CPC.'"<br />
<br />
一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿，梁宪又概括地说： <br />
<br />
His words made my heart heavy. After a pause, Liang Xian said in a nutshell:<br />
<br />
“我熟悉的人当中，有两个热血男儿，一个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛，一个就是袁庚！” <br />
<br />
“There are two hot-blooded men in people who I am familiar with. One is my wife’s godfather Liu Rentao, and the other is Yuan Geng!"<br />
<br />
好一个“热血男儿”！这个词太恰当了，把这两个人相提并论太好了，我不禁怦然心动，觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。 <br />
<br />
What a "hot-blooded man"! This word was so appropriate. Comparing these two people was too good. I couldn’t help but feel excited that I thought I found the best way to Yuan Geng's inner world.<br />
<br />
也真巧，比我年长20岁的刘任涛，是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第一流的眼科专家，共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长，曾为刘伯承元帅安过义眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》，改行当了电影编剧，“文化大革命”中在珠影被诬为“历史反革命”，打断五根肋骨，投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动期间，他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明，不顾自己的政治处境，不顾没有任何医疗条件，决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他：“万一失败，你就是阶级报复，就会重进监狱。”他不听，他终于成功了。”作为医生，我拯救了我的灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀，立下遗嘱：死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
<br />
And coincidentally, Liu Rentao, who is 20 years older than me, is my admired elder and friend. This first-rate eye specialist in China was the director of the Shanghai Labor Hospital in the early days of the People’s Republic of China, and once installed a prosthetic eye for Marshal Liu Bocheng. Later, he became a movie scriptwriter after he wrote a movie script Dove of Peace. During the "Cultural Revolution", he was considered as a “pre-liberation counter-revolutionary" in the Pearl River Film Studio. His five ribs were broken and he was put into prison. When he labored under supervision at the "May 7 Cadre School" in Yingde, he saw a rural woman who was blind due to cataracts, and in spite of his political situation and the lack of any medical conditions, he decided to operate on the patient with a razor blade. A kind people advised him, “If you fail, it will be the class revenge and you’ll go back to prison." He didn't listen to it, and he finally succeeded." As a doctor, I saved my soul." Now he was over 70 years old, and he made a will: After his death, he would dedicate his eyes to the Eye Bank of Sun Yat-sen Medical College. Then he ran around and appealed for the restoration and establishment of schools for blind children...<br />
<br />
刘任涛和袁庚，经历和事业完全不同，但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身精神，是多么相似呵！我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚，觉得对袁庚也开始熟悉了。<br />
<br />
Liu Rentao and Yuan Geng had completely different experiences and careers, but they were patriotic and full of passion with the spirit of dedication. How similar they were! I imagined unfamiliar Yuan Geng from familiar Liu Rentao, thinking that I began to get familiar with Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
三、“冒险家” <br />
<br />
Ⅲ. “Adventurer"<br />
<br />
刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障，要冒风险。袁庚在蛇口进行改革，要冒更大的风险：两年之前，不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影地攻击经济特区嘛！ <br />
<br />
Liu Rentao, as a target of dictatorship, it was risky to use a razor blade to cut cataracts for a poor rural woman. Yuan Geng had to take an even greater risk when he carried out a reform in Shekou: Two years ago, someone wrote an article in the newspaper to assail the Special Economic Zone by insinuation!<br />
<br />
但是，时代毕竟不同了，今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月9日，胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区，袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆，和总书记有一段精彩的对话。 <br />
<br />
But times were different after all. Today's reform was carried out under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee. On February 9, 1983, General Secretary Hu Yaobang visited Shekou Industrial Zone. Yuan Geng opened his mind to the General Secretary, having a good conversation with him.<br />
<br />
袁庚：关于改革问题，现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看，凡是搞改革的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法，最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪，改良主义，结果六君子被杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革，我想不会落得前人这样的下场，我们是在党的领导下进行的，不会有问题吧，我们值得冒这个险！ <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: For the issue of reform, we need to carry out comprehensive reform now. Historically, all those who engaged in reforms came to a bad end. Two thousand years ago, Shang Yang carried out reform and was finally put to death. Wang Anshi’s Reform did not end well either. Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao just advocated constitutional monarchy and practiced reformism, but they were all decapitated. Sun Yat-sen’s reform also failed. Now, I think our reform will not end up like the predecessors. We are under the leadership of the Party. There will be no problem, so we are worth the risk!<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：过去的改革是下层少数人去改，领导者、统治者是压制的。现在不同，我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改，现在和过去根本不同嘛！ <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: In the past, the reform was carried out by a few people at the lower level, while the leaders and rulers were repressive. Now is different. Our leaders are taking the lead to call and urge the subordinates to reform. The present is fundamentally different from the past!<br />
<br />
袁庚：我们感到，我们的干部是不大怕群众的，只怕顶头上司，怕上司不喜欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说，我每次来蛇口，一上码头，前呼后拥的，下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒，就会忘乎所以，久而久之，就不怕群众，不怕下级，因为群众、下级撤不了我的职，我只怕交通部，怕顶头上司，只有他们才能撤我的职。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: We feel that our cadres are not afraid of the masses, but only afraid of their superiors, afraid that their superiors do not like them and then they can’t be leaders. As a small leader, every time I came to Shekou, I walked on the pier with many subordinates crowding around, who feared that they didn’t attend me well. Sometimes I was not sober, I would get carried away, and over time, I am not afraid of the masses, and not afraid of subordinates, because the masses and subordinates can’t dismiss me from my post. I am only afraid of the Ministry of Communications, afraid of my immediate superior. Only they can dismiss me from my post.<br />
<br />
所以，群众监督干部，群众有权选举和罢免干部，这至关重要。我们这里想搞个改革试点，管委会由群众选举产生，每年投一次信任票，如果不信任票超过半数，管委会就得改选，个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公开的、直接的，由群众投票选举的领导班子，就会想群众之所想，急群众之所急，就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手，就有人自动送礼上门，如果头脑不清醒，不能自律，就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装懂，诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部，我相信可以改变一下干部的结构和干部的作风。我们想做这样一个不太小的改革，准备冒一点风险。 <br />
<br />
Therefore, it is crucial that the masses supervise cadres and have the right to elect and dismiss them. We want to carry out a pilot reform here. The management committee is elected by the masses, and a vote of confidence is held once a year. If more than half of the people cast votes of no confidence, the management committee will have to be re-elected. If a member got more than half of the votes of no confidence, he will have to step down. This open and direct leading group, elected following a ballot by the masses, will think what the masses think, worry what the masses worry, and will actually do something good for the masses. Because once some leaders have the power in hand, someone will automatically send gifts to them. If their minds are not sober, they can not be self-disciplined, and will get carried away. There are also some cadres who pretend to understand what they don’t know. If the masses have the right to elect and supervise cadres, I believe we can change the structure of cadres and the work style of cadres. We want to make such a not-so-small reform and are prepared to take some risks.<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：（点头）好！很好！ <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: (nodding) Good! Very good!<br />
<br />
袁庚：总书记说了好，我们就记录在案，马上打报告这样做。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: Since General Secretary said good, we will record it, and immediately report and carry out it.<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿，在哪一出戏里我忘记了，讽刺官僚主义者，他不敢骂台上的官，只敢骂戏台上堂前的鼓。有一段唱词说：”一棵大树腹中空，两头都是皮儿绷，每天上堂敲三下，卟咚卟咚又卟咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛！（全场大笑） <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: (happily standing up) We have a famous dramatist named Guan Hanqing in history. In which play I forget, satirizing bureaucrats, he did not dare to curse the leaders on the stage, only dare to curse the drums in the hall on the stage. There is a line in the librettos of the drama that says: "A big tree is hollow in the belly, whose both ends have tight leather. Every day knocked it three times in the hall. Pu dong, pu dong and pu dong (the sound of a drum beating)." That is “not understanding” (the pronunciation of it in Chinese is similar to “pu dong”)! (all of them laughing)<br />
<br />
党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印，想到一块去了，这在蛇口的发展史上，是应当大书特书的。 <br />
<br />
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPC and the Secretary of the Party Committee of Shekou Industrial Zone shared the same thought. It deserved to be written about in the history of Shekou's development.<br />
<br />
1983年4月24日，选举产生了蛇口工业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22日，按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票？ <br />
<br />
On April 24, 1983, a new management committee of Shekou Industrial Zone was elected. On April 22, 1984, a vote of confidence in the management committee was held as scheduled. Was it necessary to hold a vote of confidence?<br />
<br />
组干处处长虞德海说：“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的，信任票不足半数就得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决，一定要搞信任投票。”投票结果，管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数，袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上，全部投票公开，任人查阅，尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐，如“某某能力低”“某某不堪信任”之类，也不加掩饰。 <br />
<br />
Yu Dehai, the director of the Division of Organizing Cadres, said, "Even I was a little hesitant. Because the result of a vote of confidence is to be fulfilled. If a member got less than half of the votes of confidence, he will have to step down. I thought we might as well carry out public opinion polls. But Yuan Dong was very determined to hold a vote of confidence." The result was that the members of the management committee all got more than half of the votes of confidence, and Yuan Geng got the most. That night, all the votes were open for inspection. Although some of the criticism was very sharp, such as "so-and-so has the low ability”, "so-and-so is untrustworthy" and so on, they didn’t hide their real thoughts.<br />
<br />
这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。 <br />
<br />
This was the most important reform of all in the Shekou Industrial Zone.<br />
<br />
四、“那里不肯放，就辞职！” <br />
<br />
Ⅳ. "If They Refuse to Let You Go, You Quit!"<br />
<br />
选举产生领导班子，定期举行信任投票，这是袁庚深思熟虑的一项决定。 <br />
<br />
The leading group was elected and a vote of confidence was regularly held. It was decided after Yuan Geng’s careful consideration.<br />
<br />
他深深感到，不改革干部制度，不改变干部结构，任何改革都无从谈起，“四化”也只是一句空话。 <br />
<br />
He deeply felt that without reforming the cadre system and changing the structure of cadre, no reform could be done, and the "Four Modernizations" was just a hollow phrase.<br />
<br />
有的领导干部，居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人：“你们大学建多大的桥？”问来访的美国客人：“英国人讲英语，你们美国人讲什么语？”还有人向中央领导同志汇报他到香港考察的收获：“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯！”如此等等，令人啼笑皆非。这样的干部，怎能担当建设”四化”的重任！ <br />
<br />
Some leading cadres even asked the visitors from the University of Cambridge in England: “What size of the bridge does your university build?" and asked the visitors from America: "British speak English, and what language do you Americans speak?" Someone reported to the leading comrades of the Central Committee what he had learned from his visit to Hong Kong, “There is a sea change in my mind!" And so on. It was ridiculous. How could such cadres take on the heavy responsibility of building the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地），指挥部只有二十多个干部的时候，袁庚就开始考虑如何培育一支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命化的干部队伍。1981年，他排除阻カ，毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班，从全国各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说，“我是个冒险家，为了蛇口的改革，我从全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。 <br />
<br />
When Shekou was still in the process of “five accesses and one leveling” (access to water, electricity, road, and natural gas, ventilation, and leveling the ground), and there were only twenty cadres in the headquarters, Yuan Geng began to consider how to cultivate a young, knowledgeable, professional and revolutionary cadres troop. In 1981, he removed the obstruction and decided to organize a training course for business management cadres, recruiting graduates who majored in science and engineering from all over the country. In his words, "I am an adventurer, and for the reform in Shekou, I gathered a group of small adventurers from all over the country".<br />
<br />
当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员，委托交通部下属的交通科学院情报所代为主持，在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。 <br />
<br />
At that time, Shekou Industrial Zone did not have the ability to send its own admissions officers, so it entrusted the Institute of Information of the Academy of Transportation Science under the Ministry of Communications to be in charge of the first exam in Wuhan. The first person to enter the examination room was Wang Chaoliang, an engineer of the Ship’s Hull Laboratory of the Yangtze River Shipping Scientific Research Institute under the Ministry of Communications.<br />
<br />
王潮梁1938年出生于江苏无锡，1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计专业。早在1958年，他就参考外国的资料，在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫原理，并和同学们一道造出了样品，在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是，在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年代，几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机工厂飞机设计室任产品主管设计员，那时生产要听驻厂军代表的，而军代表只相信苏联专家和苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料，翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂，即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂，也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚子气，却毫无办法。岁月如流，王潮梁搞了17年飞机设计，却看到我们的飞机工业比印度还落后；又研制了四年的飞翔船，却看不到一艘飞翔船下水，那种壮志难酬的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会，唯一的名额给了业务上根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培训班招生的广告时，他兴奋极了，“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方，去！”立刻把广告剪下来，郑重地贴在本子上。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province in 1938, and graduated from the Department of Aircraft of Northwestern Polytechnic University with the major of aircraft design in 1960. As long ago as 1958, he was the first person in China to study the principle of air cushion of hydrofoils by referring to foreign materials, and built a sample together with his classmates, which was performed on the Weiming Lake of Peking University. At that time, the British were only half a year ahead of them in their research on hydrofoils. However, in this age when "steel-making" was more valued than scientific research, the research of these few young boys was doomed to failure. After graduation, he was assigned to the aircraft design office of an aircraft factory as a design supervisor. At that time, production had to follow the resident military representatives in the factory, who only trusted Soviet experts and Soviet drawings. For example, it was required to use Ural wood for a certain propeller, and Ukrainian sand for molding. Even if China had better wood and better sand, it was not allowed to change. Wang Chaoliang, who was the new kid on the block, was very angry, but he could do nothing. As the years passed quickly, Wang Chaoliang engaged in aircraft design for 17 years, but saw that our aircraft industry even lagged behind that of India; and he developed a hydrofoil for four years, but could not see a hydrofoil launched. The pain of being difficult to fulfill his aspirations tormented his ambitions. There was an opportunity for a study tour to the Federal Republic of Germany, and the only place was given to the daughter of a minister who was nothing compared to him in the business. When he saw a recruitment advertisement for a training course for business management cadres in Shekou Industrial Zone in the newspaper, he was excited, "Shekou is a place where you have to build a career by your own ability. Go!" He immediately cut out the advertisement and stuck it solemnly on the notebook.<br />
<br />
他第一个走进考场，第一个走出考场。笔试、面试，成绩优良。主持考试的情报所林鸿慈同志下了结论：这是个人才，录取！ <br />
<br />
He was the first to enter and the first to leave the examination room. He got good grades on written examination and oral examination. Comrade Lin Hongci of the Institute of Information, who was in charge of the examination, concluded: This is a talent. Accept!<br />
<br />
但是，在中国有一个很大的矛盾：生产资料是全民所有制，干部却是单位私有制。一个单位可以把一个或一批人才冷藏一辈子。 <br />
<br />
However, there was a big contradiction in China: The means of production were owned by the whole people, but the cadres were privately owned by units. A talent or a group of talents could be shelved by a unit for life.<br />
<br />
长江航运科研所不肯放人。 <br />
<br />
The Yangtze River Shipping Scientific Research Institute refused to let him go.<br />
<br />
1981年11月，袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他，向他汇报了招生的情况，特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。 <br />
<br />
In November 1981, Yuan Geng was hospitalized in Guangzhou. Lin Hongci visited him in the Eastern District of Guangdong Provincial Hospital and reported to him about the enrollment situation, especially about the problem of Wang Chaoliang.<br />
<br />
袁庚很激动。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was very excited.<br />
<br />
“小王是不是党员？” <br />
<br />
"Is Wang a member of the CPC?"<br />
<br />
“不是。” <br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量，开个头，那里不肯放，就辞职！我这里收。最多就是人家去告状，最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先例。告到国务院，我们就把这个同志的情况报上去，中央领导会支持我们。新华社社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开‘干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人在单位不充分发挥作用，又不让调，这个局面不打开是不成的！” <br />
<br />
“It is less difficult to solve if he is not a member of the party. I don’t know if he has the guts to set a precedent. If they refuse to let you go, you quit! I’ll accept you. The most they can do is to complain to superior authorities, and finally to the State Council. I hope one or two comrades will set the precedent. If they complain to the State Council, we will report the situation of this comrade, and the leaders of the Central Committee will support us. Comrade Zeng Tao, the president of Xinhua News Agency, hoped that we could break the 'private ownership of cadres'. Now the problem of brain waste is too serious. People does not play a full role in the unit, and not allowed to transfer. This situation must be changed!"<br />
<br />
林鸿慈被袁庚打动了，写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁，同时通过各种渠道去做说服、疏通工作。终于，用不着王潮梁辞职，单位同意放人了。1982年，王潮梁来到蛇口工业区。 <br />
<br />
Lin Hongci was impressed by Yuan Geng, wrote a letter to tell Wang Chaoliang the content of this conversation, and persuaded Wang’s unit and reconciled the two sides through various channels. Finally, Wang Chaoliang didn’t need to resign, and the unit agreed to let him go. In 1982, Wang Chaoliang came to Shekou Industrial Zone.<br />
<br />
五、企业管理研究生 <br />
<br />
V. Graduate Student Majoring in Business Management<br />
<br />
1982年12月的一天晚上，一个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
<br />
One night in December 1982, a young man in his thirties arrived at Yuan Geng's home in Xiyuan, Beijing.<br />
<br />
这是一次事先约定的会见。 <br />
<br />
It was a pre-arranged meeting.<br />
<br />
年轻人叫余昌民，刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生，工作了八九年，深感中国企业管理的弊病太多，1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。 <br />
<br />
The young man named Yu Changmin, was one of the first group of graduate students in the Department of Business Management at Tsinghua University and just graduated. He was originally a graduate of the Department of Electrical Engineering at Tsinghua University, majoring in Automation. After working for about nine years, he felt that there were too many drawbacks in Chinese business management. In 1979, he returned to Tsinghua University to study for an MBA degree.<br />
<br />
1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年，专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息，《读卖新闻》为此发了专稿，登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了，干什么好呢？ <br />
<br />
In 1980, Yu Changmin went to Japan to study further for a year, specializing in Japanese business management. The Japanese took it as important information, and the ''Yomiuri Shimbun'' published a special article with his picture. Now that Yu Changmin had graduated, what job should he do?<br />
<br />
学校建议他到国家经委属下的中国企业研究协会去，这当然是个专业对口的美差，但是在武汉工作的爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候，蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。 <br />
<br />
The university suggested him to go to the Chinese Association for Enterprise Research under the Chinese National Economic Council, which was a good job in line with his specialty, but it was difficult for his lover who worked in Wuhan to transfer to Beijing. At this time, the wind of the reform in Shekou came to his ears.<br />
<br />
他每星期上街去买《深圳特区报》，得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝，如饥似渴地加以研究。不难判断，蛇口工业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去！决心下定了，系里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会，经朋友介绍，他就来登门拜访了。 <br />
<br />
He went out to buy the ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'' every week. When he got a copy of the earliest ''A Brief Introduction of Investment'', he regarded it as a treasure, and studied it hungrily. It was not difficult to judge that Shekou Industrial Zone was the ideal place to realize his aspirations. Go to Shekou! He made the decision and was supported by the department. Now Yuan Geng was in Beijing for a meeting, so he came to visit him by recommendation of a friend.<br />
<br />
会面的一瞬间，两个人互相观察了一下。 <br />
<br />
At the moment they met, the two men observed each other.<br />
<br />
“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗？穿件中式棉袄，和一般的老干部没啥差别，不是想象中的那个改革家的模样，而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真的值得？” <br />
<br />
"Is this the famous reformer Yuan Geng? Wearing a Chinese cotton jacket, he is no different from ordinary old cadres, not the reformer’s appearance I imagined. And I heard that he is poorly educated... Is it really worth it to work with him?"<br />
<br />
真正的一闪念，没容余昌民多想，袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
<br />
When this really sudden idea did not allow Yu Changmin to think more, Yuan Geng had already enthusiastically offered his seat and poured tea.<br />
<br />
谈话开门见山。 <br />
<br />
The conversation came straight to the point. <br />
<br />
“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里？” <br />
<br />
"What do you think is the fatal problem in China’s economy?"<br />
<br />
“在于体制。” <br />
<br />
"It lies in the system."<br />
<br />
“对了！”袁庚兴奋起来，侃侃而谈，”上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦，说他们要一千人，劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用，那七百是搭配的闲人，你再要，就再搭配，再多余，反正是大锅饭，大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了，还说这是社会主义的优越性！这样，工厂冗员越来越多，工厂成了小社会，在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的，形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ，败坏着我们的民族素质！这样的体制不改革，我们就没有出路！” <br />
<br />
"That's right!" Yuan Geng got excited, and spoke with fervor and assurance, "A director of a shipyard in Shanghai once complained to me, and said they wanted a thousand people, but they needed only three hundred people among the people the labor department allocated, and the other seven hundred people were ideal workers. If they asked for it again, they would be allocated again, then there were more redundant workers. They had to get equal pay anyway. They only needed to be paid in a muddle and said this was the superiority of socialism! In this way, there were more and more redundant workers in the factory. The factory became a small society, where the lazy workers exploited the hard-working workers, forming a terrible social habits force, which corrupted our national quality! If such a system is not reformed, we have no way out!"<br />
<br />
“我的一篇论文，提出了企业的素质问题。” <br />
<br />
"I have a paper that raises the issue of the quality of business."<br />
<br />
“有何高见？” <br />
<br />
"What’s your opinion?"<br />
<br />
“素质，好比基本作用，像女排，形成了她们的基本作风，就有战斗カ。” <br />
<br />
"Quality is like the basic role. For example, the women's volleyball team has formed their basic style, so they are effective.<br />
"<br />
“就把一个企业比作球队吧，假如你是教练，别人随便塞人给你，你怎么办？” <br />
<br />
"Let's compare an enterprise to a team. If you are the coach, what do you do when someone foists a player on you?"<br />
<br />
“我不要。” <br />
<br />
"I will not take it."<br />
<br />
“不要不行！” <br />
<br />
"No, you must take it!"<br />
<br />
“那我不干。” <br />
<br />
"I will disagree with it."<br />
<br />
“对了，就得这样。” <br />
<br />
"That's right. That's how it should be."<br />
<br />
一老一少，越谈越投机，彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处一闪而过的那点疑虑也完全打消了。 <br />
<br />
An old man and a young man, the more they talked, the happier they were, who both felt close to each other. The doubt that flashed through Yu Changmin’s deep heart was completely dispelled.<br />
<br />
“我们这里可要冒点风险。” <br />
<br />
"We have to take some risks here."<br />
<br />
“正因为这样オ要去，建设好了还去干什么？” <br />
<br />
"That's why I want to go there. If it has been built, why do I go there?"<br />
<br />
“你个人有什么要求？” <br />
<br />
"What are your personal requirements?"<br />
<br />
“只要求家属一起去。” <br />
<br />
"I only ask that my family can go with me."<br />
<br />
“这个我们来办。” <br />
<br />
"We will deal with that."<br />
<br />
两个月后，余昌民父亲去世，回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化，系里要留他。企业管理系刚刚建立，工作需要，理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚飞往蛇口，收不回来了。 <br />
<br />
Two months later, Yu Changmin's father died and he came home to the funeral. At this time the school's attitude changed and the department wanted to keep him. The Department of Business Administration had just been established and the work needed him. The reasons were good. But Yu Changmin's heart had already flown to Shekou with Yuan Geng and could not be retrieved.<br />
<br />
1983年3月，袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客，系里派余昌民随行。系领导的目的，是让校长对余昌民有个印象，说服他留下来，同时出面解决他家属的户ロ问题。 <br />
<br />
In March 1983, Yuan Geng invited Liu Da, the president of Tsinghua University, to Shekou, and the department sent Yu Changmin to accompany him. The purpose of the department leaders was to give the president an impression of Yu Changmin, persuade him to stay, and solve his family member’s problem of household registration.<br />
<br />
谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口，袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有，余昌民暗示要做刘达的工作。 <br />
<br />
But it backfired. Once Liu Da and his party arrived in Shekou, Yuan Geng asked Yu Changmin if the transfer had been finalized, and Yu Changmin hinted that he had to do something to persuade Liu Da.<br />
<br />
余昌民再一次请求：”校长，让我来蛇口吧。” <br />
<br />
Yu Changmin asked him again, “President, let me come to Shekou."<br />
<br />
“系里要我帮忙留你，我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。 <br />
<br />
"The department asked me to help to keep you, and I promised it." President Liu looked confused.<br />
<br />
袁庚一再要求支持：”刘达同志，把小余给我们吧，我们迫切需要企业管理的专门人才。” <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng repeatedly asked for support, "Comrade Liu Da, give us Yu. We urgently need a specialist in business management."<br />
<br />
刘达心动了。这位参加过“一二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
<br />
Liu Da was moved. The old comrade who participated in the “December 9th" Movement, was known for “covering up for intellectuals” as early as 1957 when he was the head of the Department of Forestry. He fully understood the need of Shekou and Yuan Geng and Yu Changmin's feelings. But he had to respect the department leaders and promised to solve the solution with the department when he went back.<br />
<br />
回去后，余昌民给系里写了报告，对系里的教育培养表示感谢，说明清华企业管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设，这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都至关重要。 <br />
<br />
When they went back, Yu Changmin wrote a report to the department, expressing his gratitude for the department's education and training, and explaining that the Department of Business Administration at Tsinghua University needed to agree its own graduates to participate in the construction of Shekou, which was crucial for the school’s research and information sources in the future.<br />
<br />
问题迎刃而解。7月，夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。 <br />
<br />
The problem was solved. In July, the procedures of the couple’s transfers were both completed.<br />
<br />
当余昌民到工业区大楼报到的时候，在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口，边走边说：”你是研究企业管理的，你先熟悉一下情况，有把握了再谈工作……” <br />
<br />
When Yu Changmin reported to the Industrial Zone building, he met Yuan Geng outside the building door. Yuan Geng affectionately took his hand and walked from the door to the elevator, saying, “You study the business management. You can familiarize yourself with the situation at first, and then talk about work when you get familiar with it."<br />
<br />
袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信，其中有一段话： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng also wrote a letter of thanks to Liu Da, which included a paragraph:<br />
<br />
关于小余的事，同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失一小余，无妨大局，蛇口得之，如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下，工业区将受其惠。 <br />
<br />
On the matter about Yu, the comrades admire your selflessness so much. Losing Yu couldn’t affect the general situation for Tsinghua, but Sheko will be better after having him... Tsinghua has students all over the world, and the industrial zone will be benefited from it.<br />
<br />
重感情的刘达，把这封信送给了余昌民，让他留作永久的纪念。 <br />
<br />
Liu Da, who valued the relationship, gave this letter to Yu Changmin, letting him keep it as a permanent memorial.<br />
<br />
六、星期天的早晨 <br />
<br />
Ⅵ. Sunday Morning<br />
<br />
星期天早晨8点钟，顾立基刚起床，洗了脸，正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的，大家都熬了夜，现在让他们多睡一会儿吧。顾立基轻手轻脚，唯恐弄出一点声音来。 <br />
<br />
At 8 o'clock on Sunday morning, Gu Liji just got up, washed his face, and was cooking instant noodles. The other four students in the same room were still sleeping soundly. They could turn off the lights late on Saturday night, and everyone stayed up all night, so let them get more sleep now. Gu Liji was cautious, lest he made a little noise.<br />
<br />
“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗？” <br />
<br />
"Excuse me, does Comrade Gu Liji live here?"<br />
<br />
门外传来一个声音。顾立基一看，走廊上站着一个六十多岁的老人和一个姑娘。 <br />
<br />
A voice came from outside the door. Gu Liji saw an old man in his sixties and a girl standing in the corridor.<br />
<br />
“我就是顾立基，您是？” <br />
<br />
"I am Gu Liji, and may I know who you are?"<br />
<br />
“我是袁庚，蛇口的袁庚。”老人首先伸出手来，“这是我女儿尼亚，她不放心我的身体，一定要陪我来，其实我的身体还可以。你看，骑了半小时车子，轻松愉快。” <br />
<br />
"I'm Yuan Geng, Yuan Geng from Shekou." The old man first extended his hand, "This is my daughter Nia. She is worried about my health, and she must come with me. But I’m okay. You see, it’s easy and pleasant to ride the bike for half an hour.”<br />
<br />
顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 <br />
<br />
Gu Liji never dreamed that the famous Yuan Geng would come to the dormitory of Tsinghua University to see him.<br />
<br />
他深受感动。 <br />
<br />
He was deeply moved.<br />
<br />
“我们到楼下谈吧，同学们还在睡觉。” <br />
<br />
"Let's talk downstairs. The students are still sleeping."<br />
<br />
楼下有一张靠背长椅，三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨，不冷不热，阳光和煦，轻风拂面，校园一片宁静的气氛。 <br />
<br />
There was a bench downstairs, and the three of them sat down side by side. In the morning of May, it was not cold or hot, the sun was warm, with a refreshing breeze blowing, and the campus was in a peaceful atmosphere.<br />
<br />
“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会？” <br />
<br />
"I heard that you organized an association of enthusiasts of business management?"<br />
<br />
“是的，现在会员有一千多人了，成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。” <br />
<br />
"Yes. There are more than a thousand members now, and Liu Da and Yu Guangyuan both came to attend the founding meeting."<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长？” <br />
<br />
"I also heard that you want to be the factory director?"<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊，”顾立基笑了，“我是说过想当厂长，为此还惹过一些麻烦呢。” <br />
<br />
"You're well informed," Gu Liji laughed, "I did say that I wanted to be the factory director, and I got into some trouble for that."<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦？” <br />
<br />
"What kind of trouble?"<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。” <br />
<br />
"Someone said I was ambitious."<br />
<br />
“岂有此理！想当个厂长是什么野心！‘不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’，这是拿破仑说的还是谁说的？一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对！” <br />
<br />
"It is nonsense! What kind of ambition is it to want to be a factory director? 'A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier', was said by Napoleon or others? There's nothing wrong with a college student wanting to be a factory director!"<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的，但是我感到中国更需要管理人才，所以主动旁听了企业管理系研究生的全部课程。” <br />
<br />
"I majored in computer science, but I felt that China needed management talents more, so I actively sit in on all the courses that graduate students of the Department of Business Administration took as an observer".<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧，我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班，要培养大量的管理人才。” <br />
<br />
"Go to Shekou. We have a training course for business management cadres, and we have to train a large number of management talents."<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像，我的心就动了，只是还没下定决心。” <br />
<br />
"When I saw a video about Shekou last November, my heart moved, but I just hadn’t made up my mind yet."<br />
<br />
“现在呢？” <br />
<br />
"And now?"<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了，去蛇口。” <br />
<br />
"Now I've made up my mind to go to Shekou."<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗？” <br />
<br />
"Good! We welcome you! Do you have any difficulties?"<br />
<br />
有什么困难？1982年的初夏，社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的，有人在报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界，影射特区有变成租界的危险，造成一股无形的压力，因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些，可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的人在一起，冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去，下属工厂任他挑选，这些，对他有一定的吸引力。他自从1967年中学毕业，1968年进上海印染机械修配厂，十年中当过锅炉工、车工、錠工、钳工、电工，当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为，1974年顾立基和他们争吵过一次，挨了批斗，却受到工人们的同情，和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要毕业了，朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查，他是材料组的负责人，如果不来上大学，早就走上领导岗位了，现在回去，工作安排是不成问题的。但是，陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大，他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的是，母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房，姐妹们都在外地，母亲希望他留在身边，爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
What were the difficulties? In the early summer of 1982, there was still a lot of criticism in society about the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. Some people wrote articles in the newspapers about foreign settlements in old China, insinuating that the Special Economic Zone was in danger of becoming a foreign settlement, which created an invisible pressure, so some people said "the future of the Special Economic Zone is uncertain”. These could be disregarded. Gu Liji wanted to be with someone like Yuan Geng, and it was worth the risk. The company in Shanghai wanted him to go back, and the subordinate factories could be selected by him, which had a certain appeal to him. He graduated from high school in 1967, and joined the Shanghai Printing and Dyeing Machinery Repair Factory in 1968, and worked as a boilermaker, lathe worker, ladle man, bench worker, electrician, and full-time secretary of the Youth League general branch for ten years. Because he did not like the bad things done by the factory rebel group which was controlled by Wang Hongwen's little brothers, Gu Liji quarreled with them in 1974 and then was criticized, but was sympathized by the workers, who established a deep relationship with them. Now he was about to graduate from college, and his friends wanted him to go back. If he had not come to college, he would have taken a leading position. After the “Gang of Four" was smashed, the factory checked the people involved. He was the person in charge of the material group. If he didn't go to university, he would have been a leader. If he went back now, the working arrangement was not a problem. However, the unfamiliar Shekou was more attractive to him than the familiar Shanghai, so he still wanted to choose Shekou. The trouble was that his mother and lover did not agree with him leaving Shanghai. Shanghai had spacious housing. His sisters were abroad, so his mother wanted him to stay around, not to mention his lover's attachment to Shanghai. This was also human nature.<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。 <br />
<br />
"I have to convince my mother and my lover." Gu Liji was embarrassed to say with a smile.<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口，使他动了感情，他滔滔不绝地发起议论来。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng could understand and believe in young men very much. Gu Liji resolutely chose Shekou, which moved him, and he talked volubly. <br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办一个工业区呢？为了在那块地方搞改革，搞全面的改革，从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度，都要改，不改就没有出路。过去三十年，极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候，海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体，都是青年，他们为什么要跑？因为我们穷！ <br />
<br />
"Your choice is right. Shekou has ample scope for your abilities. Why do we want to run an industrial zone in Shekou? In order to carry out a reform in that area, to carry out a comprehensive reform, from business management, and personnel system to the wage system, all have to be changed. Without change there is no way out. Over the past 30 years, we have suffered from the thought of the extreme 'left’ and the rigid system. When we first arrived in Shekou in early 1979, the bodies of stowaways were found in the bay, which were all young people. Why did they run away? Because we were poor! <br />
<br />
“‘四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’，越搞跑的人越多。一些村子的青壮年几乎跑光了，真叫人欲哭无泪！蛇口对面就是香港的元朗，相隔只有6000米，晴天能看到它的高楼，它就是在我们‘十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了，必须把经济搞上去，这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公里，对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛，我们改革成功了，对全国就有很大的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛，无伤大局。当然，我们一定要尽最大的努力，争取成功，避免失败。我们这一代人是老了，当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时候，时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……” <br />
<br />
"Why did the 'Gang of Four' conduct 'Political frontier defense’. More people ran away. Some of the young and strong people of the village almost ran away. It really made us want to cry! Across the sea from Shekou is Yuen Long in Hong Kong, only 6,000 meters apart. We can see the tall buildings there on a clear day. It was developed during our 'Ten Years of Turmoil'. We can't do meaningless things anymore. We must increase the economy, so we must reform the backward system. Although Shekou Industrial Zone is only 2.14 square kilometers, which is just a drop for the country's 9.6 million square kilometers. If our reform is successful, it will be of great significance to the country. If we fail, it is also a drop in the bucket, which doesn't affect the whole. Of course, we must do our best to strive for success and avoid failure. Our generation is old, and we don't have much time when we realize that we have to do something. So hope is pinned on you..."<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动，身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚，望着自己的父亲，眼睛也有点热了…… <br />
<br />
Gu Liji felt his blood flowing faster and his body was very hot. Nya, who had not made a sound, looked at his father and his eyes also felt a little hot...<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会 <br />
<br />
VII. Press Conference<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来，当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书，1984年4月被聘为办公室主任。 <br />
<br />
After Gu Liji came out of the training course, he worked as the industrial zone office secretary for a period of time and was hired as the office director in April 1984.<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚，因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口，听说顾立基6日一早要去香港，5日晚我去登门拜访。 <br />
<br />
I didn't see Yuan Geng in July and returned to Guangzhou for business. I returned to Shekou on August 5, and heard that Gu Liji was going to Hong Kong early in the morning on the 6th. I came to visit him on the evening of the 5th.<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告，我为了听这个报告，推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的，谁都可以听，欢迎你去。”一见面顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。 <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng is back in Hong Kong and will return to Shekou tomorrow afternoon. He will give a report at 7:30 p.m. in the club auditorium. I postponed my trip to Hong Kong for a day in order to listen to this report. The report was public that anyone can listen to it. Welcome to listen." As soon as we met, Gu Liji told me the good news.<br />
<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗？” <br />
<br />
"Could he have time to talk to me?"<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难，他在蛇口不会待太久，一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告，你最好陪他回宿舍——他儿子的住处，或者宾馆，这样边走边谈，可以谈十来分钟……” <br />
<br />
"I'm afraid it's difficult. He won't stay long in Shekou and has many things to deal with once he returns. After hearing the report tomorrow, you'd better accompany him back to his dormitory--his son's residence, or the hotel, so that you can talk for ten minutes while walking..."<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗？ <br />
<br />
I was a little disappointed. Was Yuan Geng really so hard to see?<br />
<br />
不管怎样，先听听他的报告再说吧。 <br />
<br />
Anyway, listened to his report first.<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半，袁庚的报告准时开始。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng's report began on time at 7:30 p.m. on August 6.<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影，大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。今天这个会也叫新闻发布会，街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂，基本上坐满了，放眼望过去，都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。 <br />
<br />
The club's auditorium was usually used to show movies, and large-scale rallies and press conferences were sometimes held here. Today's meeting was also called a press conference, and there were posters on the street. The auditorium, which could accommodate over a thousand people, was almost full. Looking around, there were all young and happy faces. <br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上，顾立基主持大会。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng and the manager of the China Merchants Hong Kong Development Department Xiong Bingquan, who visited abroad with him, sat on the rostrum while Gu Liji presided over the conference.<br />
<br />
一开始，袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说： <br />
<br />
At the beginning, Yuan Geng laughingly shook two sheets of paper and said:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕，只讲个把钟头。” <br />
<br />
"Don't be afraid, everyone. I only speak for one or two hours."<br />
<br />
人们笑了，其实怕的是他讲得太短。 <br />
<br />
People laughed. They were actually afraid that he spoke too short.<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问，历时23天，访问了4个国家、16个公司、18个城市，从新加坡开始，往西到英国，再到美国、日本，整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处，受到隆重的、破格的接待，我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们四个人，而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化，在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到做蛇口人的光荣。” <br />
<br />
"This trip abroad lasted 23 days, and visited 4 countries, 16 companies, and 18 cities, starting from Singapore, west to the United Kingdom, and then to the United States, Japan, going around the world. Everywhere we went, we received a grand and exceptional reception, which I have never received as a diplomat. This is not because people value the four of us, but because of the changes in China Merchants Group and Shekou Industrial Zone. All of you have contributed. I deeply appreciate the honor of being a Shekou people."<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张，出国访问要花自己的钱，花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、软弱的地位。这次出访，他们带了20万美金的信用卡，足够用了，所到之处都坚持这个原则，唯独在新加坡失灵了。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng always advocated that he needed to spend his own money on overseas visits. Spending other people's money would put him in a passive and weak position in negotiations. On this trip, they brought $200,000 in credit cards, enough to use. He adhered to this principle everywhere he went, except in Singapore.<br />
<br />
那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系，但新加坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检，从飞机场一直送到最高级的香格里拉大酒店，袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前，这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫人；在他之后，住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨），每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观什么项目，全部满足要求。 <br />
<br />
At that time we didn't have diplomatic relations with Singapore, but the relevant party in Singapore was very friendly. They were exempt from customs inspection, and were sent from the airport to the top-class Shangri-La Hotel, where Yuan Geng was put in the most luxurious "presidential suite" (before him, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher stayed here; after him, U.S. Secretary of State Schultz lived), with a daily room rate of HK$5,000. Their all requirements are met, no matter what they wanted to visit.<br />
<br />
临走结账时，酒店经理说：“在你们到来之前，已经有人付了全部费用。” <br />
<br />
When they checked out before leaving, the hotel manager said, "Someone had already paid the full cost before you came."<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁，英国老板们在海员罢工浪潮的冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们，给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说：“我们原打算3年之内种植20万株月季，把蛇口建成玫瑰之城，现在看来太落后了……” <br />
<br />
They visited Aberdeen, the logistical base of the North Sea Oil Field in Britain. They were impressed by the warm and courteous reception that they received from British bosses who were under the impact of the wave of seamen's strikes. They were equally impressed by the boundless blooming roses in the north of England." We originally planned to plant 200,000 China roses in three years to turn Shekou into a city of roses, but now it seems too far behind..." Yuan Geng said.<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国，主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。 <br />
<br />
The visit focused on the United States, and the main task was to sign a contract for the introduction of a float glass factory.<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡，大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。 <br />
<br />
In Pittsburgh, the Greater Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce honored Yuan Geng as an honorary member.<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔，华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民，交给他一把金钥匙。女市长在宴会上说：“我是百分之百的中国人，也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说：“我很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判，就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过，”在经济问题上，兄弟无情，六亲不认！何况是与外国人谈判！” <br />
<br />
In Montreal, the American Chinese mayoress, Lily Lee Chen, declared Yuan Geng an honorary citizen and handed him a golden key. The mayoress said at the banquet, "I am 100 percent Chinese and 100 percent American." Yuan Geng said, "I appreciate her words." The negotiations about the introduction of the float glass factory were not so easy. Yuan Geng said, "In economic matters, I am ruthless to brothers and place righteousness above family loyalty! Not to mention that I am negotiating with foreigners!"<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前，有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过的曲折。 <br />
<br />
Before appreciating Yuan Geng's art of negotiation, it was necessary to review the twists and turns at home to introduce the factory.<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。 <br />
<br />
let's use Yuan Geng's words to illustrate the point.<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日，袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说： <br />
<br />
On March 22, 1984, Yuan Geng said in a speech to the students of the third training course for business management cadres:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件，大家听了很高兴，但我们不要高兴得过早。不要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了，但官僚主义、红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事，还是有的。例如我们正在谈判的浮法玻璃厂，到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃，为什么不准我们用最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ？最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局交涉。她们去的时候，人家一口答应，讲你们回去好了，但等我们企业室派人带合同去盖章的时候，又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干，他们讲：‘你们派了记者、作家来，我敢不答应吗？弄得不好，你们要写报告文学，写内参，我受得了吗’？……” <br />
<br />
"The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a document on March 10. We are very happy to hear it, but we should not be happy too early. Do not think that everything is solved after they said something. The previous open challenges may be gone, but there are still bureaucracy, jealous men, people who guess the mind of a man of high character with a mean thought, and things of giving others a hard time. For example, float glass factory that we are negotiating for has not been approved until now. Our country has to import a large number of glass every year, why are we not allowed to use the most advanced technology to make glass to replace into the imported glass? We recently sent two capable women to the General Administration of Building Materials to negotiate. When they arrived, the people here freely agreed and said they could go back in peace, but when our enterprise office sent someone to Take the contract to be sealed, they overruled it. When we asked why they did it, they said: 'You sent journalists and writers. Did I dare not say yes? If we didn't do well, you would write reportage and internal references, could I stand it'? ..."<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨，交涉了九个月，オ过了国内这一关。 <br />
<br />
Good things never come easy. They negotiated for nine months to overcome this domestic difficulty.<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判，当然不可能用这么长的时间，但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想而知的。 <br />
<br />
Of course, it could not take such a long time to negotiate with the Americans, but the level of intensity of the bargaining could be imagined.<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂，简直是一座玻璃城！它生产各式各样的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃，用25磅大锤从20米外打去，地皮都震动了，玻璃却安然无恙。我们和美国合资，投资一亿美元，引进一座同样的工厂，买他的专利，以后我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点，集中在每年所付专利费占销售总额的百分比上。 <br />
<br />
The American float glass factory was a factory with advanced technology, which was totally a glass city! It produced all kinds of glass. There was a kind of toughened glass that was hit with a 25-pound sledgehammer from 20 meters away and the ground shook, but the glass stayed intact. We had a joint venture with the United States. We invested $100 million to bring in the factory and buy its patents. Then we could build a second and a third. It was a good deal. And the negotiations focused on the percentage of the annual royalties to be paid in total sales.<br />
<br />
美方要6%，我们还价4%。 <br />
<br />
The U.S. side wanted 6%, and we bargained for 4%.<br />
<br />
美方降到5%，我们加到4.5%。 <br />
<br />
The U.S. side dropped to 5%, and we increased to 4.5%.<br />
<br />
寸利必争，形成僵局。 <br />
<br />
They competed for their own profit, and a stalemate was formed.<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng spoke.<br />
<br />
“先生们，我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针，2000年前发明了火药，全人类都在享受这些伟大的成果，可是他们从来没有要过什么专利，我们作为后代从来没有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋，而是觉得光荣。请问各位，那时候你们的祖先在哪里？恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前，是不是毛特别多……” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, our ancestors invented the compass 4,000 years ago, and gunpowder 2,000 years ago. All the human beings enjoy these great achievements, but the ancestors never asked for any patents. We as future generations have never called them bastards because of it, but feel honored. May I ask you, where were your ancestors at that time? I am afraid they were still in the trees. Please look at your chests, are they very hairy..."<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前，一个个咧嘴笑了。 <br />
<br />
The Americans really looked down at their chests, and all grinned.<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕，我的意思不是不付专利费，而是要求公平合理r’ <br />
<br />
"But don't be afraid. I don't mean not to pay the royalties, but to ask you to be fair and reasonable!”<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格，坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们，说不定会抗议呢！”你骂我们的祖先，是可忍，孰不可忍！” <br />
<br />
This was typical Yuan Geng's style, frank, humorous and witty. It worked on Americans. If it were us, might have protested! "You scolded our ancestors. If this can be tolerated, what can not!"<br />
<br />
终于达成协议：4.75%，为期10年。 <br />
<br />
An agreement was finally reached: 4.75 percent for 10 years.<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进一个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂，专利费是5%，时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说： <br />
<br />
This was quite favorable. A major city introduced a British glass factory whose technology was not so advanced, with a royalty rate of 5% for 12 years. Yuan Geng finally said passionately:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处，绝不能走美国的路！ <br />
<br />
"The United States centralized the best and the worst things in the world. We have to learn from its strengths and never go the way of the United States!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退，工业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走，他们还有点生气，现在停滞不前了。 <br />
<br />
"The world economy is in recession and the industrial structure is being reorganized. Five years ago I went around the world and they were a little angry. Now they are stagnant.<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方，转移到太平洋沿岸。 <br />
<br />
"Some say the center of the world economy is going to shift to the East, to the Pacific coast, in the late 1980s.<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了，现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈，今天下午四点半一踏上蛇口码头，就感到无比的清新，感到一草一木都非常亲切。 <br />
<br />
"Our system has made people lazy in the past, and now it's changing. This time I traveled around the world. As soon as I stepped on the Shekou Pier at 4:30 this afternoon, I felt much refreshed and felt that everything was very familiar.<br />
<br />
“10月1日，蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话，那是大家的功劳！ <br />
<br />
"On October 1, the Shekou's float will pass in front of Tian'anmen Square! If it is thrilling, it's the contribution of everyone!<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的，思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上，我们一定要赶上和超过他们！” <br />
<br />
"The capitalist world is rich in material things and poor in mind. We are moving up. We must catch up and surpass them!" <br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时，宣布散会了，大家意犹未尽。 <br />
<br />
After only one and a half hours, the meeting was declared closed. People were still being immersed.<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了，我放弃了跟上去的打算。 <br />
<br />
When Yuan Geng walked out of the meeting place, he was immediately surrounded by people. I gave up the intention of following him.<br />
<br />
八、“搞什么阴谋诡计？” <br />
<br />
Ⅷ. "What Schemes and Intrigues You Want to Go in for?"<br />
<br />
8月7日，袁庚开了一整天会，据说8日也不会有空，而9日一早又要回香港了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上，我给他写了一封信，说明这一次如果不能和他交谈，我将等待，直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨，我把这封信交给了工业区党委副书记乔胜利，请他转交。 <br />
<br />
On August 7th, Yuan Geng spent the day in meetings. It was said that he would not be free on the 8th, while he would go back to Hong Kong early in the morning on the 9th. I had no hope of seeing him in the next two days. In the evening, I wrote him a letter explaining that if I could not talk to him this time, I would wait until his next trip from Hong Kong. Early on the morning of the 8th, I handed the letter to Qiao Shengli, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone, asking him to deliver it.<br />
<br />
8日上午，我到办公大楼访问王潮梁，两人刚坐下来，办公室副主任黄振超匆匆忙忙地叫我：“袁董回来了，快去见他！” <br />
<br />
On the morning of the 8th, I visited Wang Chaoliang at the office building. As soon as they sat down, Huang Zhenchao, deputy director of the office, called me hurriedly, “Mr. Yuan is back. Go and see him!"<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉，说明另改时间，急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。 <br />
<br />
I apologized to Wang Chaoliang, explaining to him to change the time, and hurriedly followed Huang Zhenchao toward Yuan Geng's office.<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的，中间隔着大块的透明玻璃，老远就看见了袁庚，他手里正拿着一大摞文件。 <br />
<br />
The industrial zone office and Yuan Geng's office were connected, separated by a large piece of transparent glass. I saw Yuan Geng far away. He was holding a large pile of papers.<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候，黄振超在旁边向他说明：”只是见见面，不会占你很多时间。” <br />
<br />
When I shook hands with him, Huang Zhenchao explained to him from the side, "Just to see you. It won't take up much of your time."<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng, however, smiled and said casually: <br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的？来搞什么阴谋诡计？” <br />
<br />
"You're from ''Flower City''? What schemes and intrigues do you want to go in for?"<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了，而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。 <br />
<br />
A joke shortened the distance between us, and I felt that there seemed to be some kind of subtext behind this sentence.<br />
<br />
我知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。 <br />
<br />
I knew Yuan Geng was also quite concerned about the problems of literature and arts. <br />
<br />
梁宪说过，前几年在北京开会，有一天袁庚看了张洁的小说《爱，是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章，问他：”你认识这个作家吗？咱们把她请到蛇口去！”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所了解的，“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。 <br />
<br />
Liang Xian said that when he went to Beijing for a meeting a few years ago, one day Yuan Geng read Zhang Jie's novel ''Love must not be forgotten'' and related critiques, and asked him: "Do you know this writer? Let's invite her to Shekou!" I believe he knew something about the ''Flower City'', which had been attracting a lot of attention in the past few years, and the joke of "schemes and intrigues" was said not without reason.<br />
<br />
我也笑着说： <br />
<br />
I also said with a smile:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋，要写你和蛇口。” <br />
<br />
"I want to go in for the overt conspiracy. I want to write about you and Shekou."<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下，舒服地往藤椅上一靠，摆出了准备谈一阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好，这里问题多得很，改革每前进一步都要经过斗争，到处充满着矛盾。” <br />
<br />
He led me to the small parlor between the two offices and sat down, leaning back comfortably in a rattan chair and assuming a posture as if he was ready to talk for a long time." I don't have anything to write about. Don't say everything is good here. There are many problems. Every step forward in reform has to fight for, and everywhere is full of contradictions."<br />
<br />
我说：”正是这一点吸引了我。” <br />
<br />
I said, "That's what attracted me."<br />
<br />
“一个国家没有民主是不行的，而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国，政治家演说，群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿扔他，他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的，但这一套对巩固资产阶级的统治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底，孙中山是想搞民主的，他死得太早，没搞成。中华民族是伟大的，但是历史的包袱太重了。” <br />
<br />
"A country can't be better without democracy, and there is no democracy when the masses don't have the right to supervise and oust cadres. We have reformed the cadre system. In foreign countries, when a politician makes a speech, the masses can throw rotten eggs and tomatoes at him, and he still speaks with an umbrella in the way. You say his democracy is fake, but it's useful for consolidating the rule of the bourgeoisie. We should practice socialist democracy. China's bourgeois democratic revolution was not complete. Sun Yat-sen wanted democracy, but he died too early to achieve it. The Chinese nation is great, but the historic burdens are too heavy."<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说： <br />
<br />
Huang Hongjian, who came in halfway, interjected and said:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿，她在美国学企业管理，谈起来也说：在美国深有感慨，感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重。 <br />
<br />
"I recently received the daughter of a comrade in charge of the central committee. She studied business management in the United States. She also said that in the United States, she had a deep feeling that our great nation's historic burdens are too heavy.<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族，就没有什么框框，我在报告会上也说了，他们的总督牌香烟广告有一句口号是’想做就去做’，这句话香港也接受不了，译成’应做就去做’。当然，想干什么就干什么是不行的，但我们许多应干的事却干不成。” <br />
<br />
"As a nation, the United States hasn't many restrictions. As I said in the report meeting, their Viceroy cigarettes has a slogan in advertising 'If it's right, do it', this phrase can not be accepted in Hong Kong, translated as ‘do what you have to do’. Of course, we shouldn't do what we want, but we can't accomplish many of the things we have to do."<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历，他扼要地做了回答，着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命”中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时，这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来，微笑着站在那里不动，我知道是催他去开会，我们的谈话该结束了。 <br />
<br />
Then I asked him about his experience, and he gave a brief answer, focusing on his joining the Communist Party and his imprisonment during the "Cultural Revolution". We had been talking for almost an hour when Wang Jingui, deputy director of the Management Committee, walked in and stood still with a smile. I knew he was urging him to go to the meeting and it was time to end our conversation. <br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志，我们马上又赶到太子宾馆，和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢，对监狱内外情形都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说： <br />
<br />
Huang Hongjian made an appointment by phone with Comrade Wang Zongqian, the wife of Yuan Geng, who lived in the Prince Hotel, and we immediately rushed to there, talking with Mrs. Wang who was gentle and polite for an hour. What we talked about was mainly that Yuan Geng was in jail and was clear about the situation inside and outside the prison. Mrs. Wang said slowly and fondly: <br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨，出来就蔦儿了，可是他不，他的劲头反而更大了。” <br />
<br />
"Many people were broken and never recovered after that kind of torture. But he didn't. He was even more aggressive."<br />
<br />
我心里说：这オ是袁庚！ <br />
<br />
I said in my heart: this is the real Yuan Geng!<br />
<br />
过了几天，乔胜利对陈宜浩说：“袁董看了我的信，答应下次回来再和我谈。”可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。 <br />
<br />
After a few days, Qiao Shengli said to Chen Yihao: "Chairman Yuan read my letter and promised to talk to me again the next time he came back." But soon he was invited to Fujian by Comrade Xiang Nan.<br />
<br />
8月25日上午，我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息，急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联系。但是太迟了，他过了中午又要回香港，而上午的时间已经排满，就在和我通话的时候，他不得不放下电话去开门。他说： <br />
<br />
On the morning of August 25, I got the news that Yuan Geng had returned to Shekou and hurriedly called the Prince Hotel to contact him. But it was too late. He was going back to Hong Kong afternoon, and the morning was already full. And just as he was talking to me, he had to put down the phone to open the door. He said:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧，不要紧的，我们没有秘密。” <br />
<br />
"If you have any questions, just talk on the phone. It doesn't matter. We have no secrets."<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访，一时想不齐全，只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字，他一一做了回答：”这些也要发表吗？”我说：“不一定发表。”他说：”发表也没关系，那天我讲话外国人也听了。” <br />
<br />
I hadn't prepared for the telephone interview and couldn't think of all questions for a while, so I had to ask him a few details and figures about his visit abroad, and he answered them all and said: "Are these going to be published too?" I said, "Not necessarily." He said, "It doesn't matter if it is published, because foreigners listened to my speech that day too."<br />
<br />
我说：”将来排出校样，送给你看看好吗？免得事实有出入。” <br />
<br />
I said, "When the proof is done in the future, I will send you to see, okay? In case there is something different to the facts."<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查，出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的，难免出点差错。捅点娄子也不要紧。” <br />
<br />
"That is not necessary. Don't censor everything. It doesn't matter if something goes wrong. People are vivid and substantial, and mistakes are inevitable. It doesn't matter if you make some mistakes."<br />
<br />
<br />
“好了，谢谢您。” "Well, thank you."<br />
<br />
“谢谢。” "Thank you."<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。 <br />
<br />
I suddenly thought of two sentences from Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观，来到铝材厂门口时，他向学员们介绍：这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人，23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起来，大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停工，一个工人从高处摔下来受了伤，他的哥哥跑过去看了看，见弟弟没有生命危险，便又回去干活了。 <br />
<br />
Once Yuan Geng personally led the students in the training course for business management cadres to visit. When they came to the entrance of the aluminum factory, he introduced to the students: The construction of the factory building was put out to the Japanese. 23 Japanese built it in only 27 days. Even though the rain was so heavy that they could not open their eyes, they did not stop working. A worker fell from a high place and was injured, his older brother ran over to see that his brother was not in danger, and then he went back to work again.<br />
<br />
袁庚说：“日本不富没有天理！中国改革不富也没有天理！” <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said, "There is no reason for Japan not to be rich! There is no reason for China’s reform not to be rich!"<br />
<br />
现在我想说：蛇口的改革不成功没有天理！ <br />
<br />
Now I would like to say: there is no reason for Shekou's reform not to succeed!<br />
<br />
九、大鹏魂 <br />
<br />
Ⅸ. Dapeng Spirit<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚，魁梧、潇洒，兼有外交家和实业家的风度，具有一种吸引人的魅カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢？ <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was 66 years old, stout and dashing, having the air of both a diplomat and an industrialist and an attractive charm. From where did he come to us?<br />
<br />
拨开历史的迷雾，我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。 <br />
<br />
Clearing up the fog of confusion, we saw the solid footprints of a hot-blooded man.<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园，算是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。 <br />
<br />
He was born in Shuiba Village, Dapeng Town, Bao'an City, Guangdong Province (now Longgang District, Shenzhen City). His family had an orchard and could be considered a well-off family. The wind and waves of Dapeng Bay cultivated his mind.<br />
<br />
1935年，他毕业于广州广雅中学，随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测量员，他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校，陈济棠下台后，这家军校成了国民党中央军校的分校。 <br />
<br />
In 1935, he graduated from Guangzhou Guangya High School and then entered a surveying school. After a short period as a surveyor, he entered the Yantang Military Academy run by Chen Jitang, which became a branch academy of the Nationalist Party Central Military Academy after Chen Jitang stepped down.<br />
<br />
在学校里，袁庚是活跃的足球门将，练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕业，他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官，一个个腐化不堪，对民族危亡无动于衷，便愤然回到故乡大鹏镇，担任第一小学校长，同时兼任地方自卫队教官。 <br />
<br />
In school, Yuan Geng was an active goalkeeper and developed a strong body. After graduating from the military academy, he saw that the instructors, who were full of benevolence and morality, were all corrupt and indifferent to the national peril, so he returned to his hometown Dapeng Town in anger and became the principal of the first elementary school, while also serving as an instructor of the local self-defense troop.<br />
<br />
学校是国民党办的，自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的，但是学校和自卫队中都有中共地下党员。 <br />
<br />
The school was run by Nationalist Party and the self-defense troop was run by Deng Yanda's Third Party, but there were underground members of the Communist Party in both the school and the self-defense troop.<br />
<br />
戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚，在当地是一个重要人物，三种政治力量对他都很重视。 <br />
<br />
When Yuan Geng returned to his hometown, he was an important figure in the area, and all three political forces attached great importance to him.<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文，和他住到一起，亲自考察他。 <br />
<br />
Wang Wen, secretary of the underground County Committee of CPC, lived with him and examined him personally.<br />
<br />
革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
<br />
The hearts of revolutionaries and patriots were always in sympathy. Yuan Geng soon became friends with Wang Wen, Zhong Wen, Lai Zhongyuan and other underground party members, and was also close to Wang Bo, a teacher being trained by the party organization. Yuan Geng actively participated in all the activities to promote anti-Japanese, such as organizing evening schools and acting in plays. One time in the performance of "Put Down Your Whip", Wang Bo played the daughter who made a living by singing, and Yuan Geng played a young man who stopped the father from whipping his daughter. When he shouted "Put down your whip", he completely got into the role, forgetting that he was acting, and many audiences also rushed after him...<br />
<br />
1939年3月27日，袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党，从这一天起，他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。 <br />
<br />
On March 27, 1939, Yuan Geng was recommended to join the Communist Party of China by comrades Wang Wen and Zhong Wen. From that day on, he had lived up to the honorable title of member of the Communist Party of China.<br />
<br />
当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党的漫画，刺痛了国民党区党部，他的处境变得危险了，党组织于1939年冬天把他转移到党领导的抗日游击队，从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子，像大鹏一样展翅高飞了。 <br />
<br />
There was a local progressive publication "Dapeng Spirit". Yuan Geng published a cartoon satirizing the Nationalist Party in it, which stung the District Party headquarters of the Nationalist Party. His situation became dangerous and the Party organization transferred him to the anti-Japanese guerrilla force led by the Party in the winter of 1939, from which he began his fighting career in the East River Column. The son of Dapeng Bay spread his wings and flew high like the roc (named Dapeng in Chinese).<br />
<br />
抗日战争期间，美军作为盟军，在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组，担任东纵联络处处长的袁庚，和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示，东纵和美军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报，对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。 <br />
<br />
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the U.S. Army, as an allied force, sent an observation group in Yan'an and one in the East River Column. Yuan Geng, who was the director of the Liaison Office of East River Column, remained in regular contact with the U.S. military observation group in East River Column. According to the instructions of the Central Committee, the East River Column and the U.S. observation group exchanged information about the Japanese army in South China, which played a positive role in defeating Japanese imperialism.<br />
<br />
日寇投降时，英军远在缅甸，一个海军少将只率领一营人乘航空母舰赶到香港。他的兵力不足以维持治安，要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央，中央复电：为了对付国民党的内战阴谋，坚决撤离港九地区；同时要求在香港设立联络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判，袁庚不辱使命，漂亮地完成了任务，并成为驻香港办事处的第一任主任，这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能想到，历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折，二十多年后，这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。 <br />
<br />
When the Japanese aggressors surrendered, the British army was in Burma. A Rear Admiral led only one battalion to Hong Kong by an aircraft carrier. His forces were not enough to maintain law and order, and he asked our Hong Kong-Kowloon detachment of the East River Column not to retreat. The East River Column asked the Central Committee for advice, and the Central Committee replied with a telegram: In order to deal with the conspiracy of the Nationalist Party's civil war, evacuate the Hong Kong-Kowloon area resolutely; at the same time, set up a liaison agency in Hong Kong. The East River Column sent Yuan Geng to Hong Kong to negotiate. Yuan Geng fulfilled his mission, doing his job well and became the first director of the Liaison Office in Hong Kong, which was the predecessor of the Hong Kong branch of Xinhua News Agency later. Who would have thought that the way forward of history could be so twisted and more than twenty years later, these achievements had become "crimes".<br />
<br />
十、秦城监狱 <br />
<br />
X. Qincheng Prison<br />
<br />
1968年4月6日，袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家，到机关去上班。北京的4月初，春寒料峭，风沙迷眼，加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报，形成一片肃杀气氛，使袁庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作，刚告一段落，还来不及喘口气，就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息，他于愤懑中保持着镇定。 <br />
<br />
On April 6, 1968, Yuan Geng left his home in Xiyuan early in the morning and went to work. In early April in Beijing, the spring air was chill, and the wind and sand got into the eyes, with ferocious big-character posters everywhere, which formed an awful atmosphere, making Yuan Geng extremely depressed. He had just come to the end of his work of receiving and transporting Chinese refugees from Indonesia and he couldn't even catch his breath before he returned to work. Recently, he kept hearing the news that his old comrades in the East River Column had lost their freedom or their whereabouts were unknown. He kept his composure in the midst of his resentment.<br />
<br />
回到办公室不久，有人通知：“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门，看到除部长之外，还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长，面孔板得像一座木雕。 <br />
<br />
Soon after he returned to the office, someone informed him, "The minister wants to see you." He opened the door of the minister's office and saw that in addition to the minister, there were two public security officers. The minister, whose name often appeared in the newspapers, pulled a face like a wooden statue.<br />
<br />
“袁庚，你被捕了！” <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng, you're under arrest!"<br />
<br />
下午，机关召开大会，部长在会上宣布：”袁庚是美国特务，已经依法逮捕。“袁庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和刘丹一，互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周总理安全的情景，记忆犹新，那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间，周旋于华侨社会之中，眼睛熬红了，人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场，天理何在？！ <br />
<br />
In the afternoon, the organ held a general meeting and the minister announced: "Yuan Geng is an American spy and has been arrested in obedience to the law." Yuan Geng's close friends and neighbors, Liu Yamin and Liu Dan Yi, who worked together with him as consuls at the consulate-general in Jakarta, Indonesia, in the 1950s, exchanged looks of grief and indignation. In 1954, Yuan Geng and they worked together to defend the Bandung Conference and the security of Premier Zhou. The memory of the scene was still vivid. At that time, when Yuan Geng traveled between Jakarta and Bandung, circulated among the overseas Chinese community, his eyes were red, and he lost a lot of weight by overwork. Such loyalty ended up like this. Where was the justice?<br />
<br />
与此同时，汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中，勒令交出所有的钥匙，开始抄家。翻箱倒柜，从下午抄到天黑，然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时，オ发现三个孩子被关在门外不准进家，左邻右舍也不敢收留，孩子们在抹眼泪…… <br />
<br />
At the same time, Comrade Wang Zongqian was brought back home from his office, and ordered to hand over all his keys. They began to search her house. They rummaged the whole house, from afternoon to dark, and then brought her back to the office to search her desk. When she went out, she found that three children were shut out of the house and not allowed to enter the house. The neighbors did not dare to take them in, and the children were wiping their tears...<br />
<br />
从此以后，袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里，也不知是死是活，到哪里打听都说不知道。1969年，汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校，孩子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”，但作为“反革命家属”，她只能干最脏最累的活，如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎，痛得胳膊抬不起来，医生建议回北京治疗，干校就是不准。直到1972年初夏，她的大孩子中印就要下乡插队了，她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服，打点行装，オ被批准。 <br />
<br />
From then on, Yuan Geng disappeared from life. Wang Zongqian did not know where he was locked up, nor did she know if he was dead or alive. Everywhere she asked all said he did not know. In 1969, Wang Zongqian went to a cadet school in Zou County, Shandong Province, with the organ, while the children stayed in Beijing to live with their grandmother. Although Wang Zongqian was considered a "student of the cadre school", but as a "family member of a counter-revolutionary", she could only do the dirtiest and most tiring works, such as taking away manure from privies and washing toilets. Her left shoulder was suffering from periarthritis of the shoulder. It was so painful that she couldn't lift her arm. The doctor suggested that she go back to Beijing for treatment, but the cadre school didn't allow it. Until the early summer of 1972, when her eldest child, Zhongyin, was about to go and work in the countryside, she asked for leave to return to Beijing to wash her child's clothes and pack his luggage, which was approved.<br />
<br />
1972年7月，袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后，有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去探监。“他还活着，他还活着！”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。 <br />
<br />
In July 1972, when Yuan Geng was arrested for four years and three months, someone suddenly informed Wang Zongqian to visit him in Qincheng Prison. "He is still alive, he is still alive!" Wang Zongqian's heart was stuffed with this thought.<br />
<br />
汪宗谦心酸地发现，袁庚行走困难，说话声音也变了，而且他不知道当时是何年何月！ <br />
<br />
Wang Zongqian sadly find that Yuan Geng was difficult to walk, his voice had changed, and he even didn't know when it was!<br />
<br />
原来监狱里日夜亮着灯，犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替，失去了时间的概念；睡觉时只准脸朝外，一条腿总是压在下边，时间长了造成萎缩；长期不讲话，声带都沙哑了。 <br />
<br />
It turned out that the prison was lit day and night, so the prisoners could not distinguish and remember the alternation of day and night, losing the notion of time; they only allowed to sleep with their face outward, and one leg was always pressed down, which caused atrophy over time; they didn't speak for a long period, so the vocal cords were hoarse.<br />
<br />
我曾经听说，袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西，只有放风时在天井里看到墙根的小草。 <br />
<br />
I once heard that Yuan Geng could not see anything alive for several years in prison, and only saw the grass at the foot of the wall in the patio when he was allowed to go out.<br />
<br />
问他是不是这样，他说： <br />
<br />
When he was asked if this was the case, he said:<br />
<br />
“不，还有蚂蚁，我对蚂蚁很有研究。” <br />
<br />
"No, there are ants. I studied ants a lot."<br />
<br />
这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量！ <br />
<br />
How much heavy weight this easy sentence contained!<br />
<br />
汪宗谦见过了袁庚，就为救他而奔走了。 <br />
<br />
Having met Yuan Geng, Wang Zongqian ran around to save him.<br />
<br />
“没见他不知道他死活，既然知道他还活着，我就怕他死了！问题还没搞清，死了孩子们都得背黑锅呀！他住在楼上，要到楼下的天井放风，上下都很辛苦，我到中央接待站去上访，请求把他搬到楼下来，这个要求被接受了。” <br />
<br />
"I didn't know if he was dead or alive when I didn't see him, and since I knew he was alive, I'm afraid he will die! The problem is not yet clear, and the children will have to get the blame if he is dead! He lived upstairs and had to go downstairs to the patio to breathe the fresh air. It was hard to get up and down, so I went to the reception center of the central committee to ask for moving him downstairs, and this request was accepted."<br />
<br />
袁庚搬到楼下的一间房，发现席子底下有一团花白的头发，他判断这里关过一个五十多岁的女同志。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng moved to a room downstairs and found a tangle of white hair under the matting. He judged that a female comrade in her fifties had been imprisoned here.<br />
<br />
后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事，王光美说：“没错，正是我住过的那间房。” <br />
<br />
Later he talked about it accidentally with comrade Wang Guangmei at a banquet, who said, "Yes, it was exactly the same room I lived in."<br />
<br />
袁庚出狱，已是1973年9月30日，整整关了5年半。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was released from prison on September 30, 1973, after five and a half years.<br />
<br />
在狱中，睡觉时只要一转身，看守就在外边敲门。夜晚，敲门声常常把人惊醒。袁庚回到家里，刚一入睡就惊醒了，这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年，这种心悸病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能，却用了更长的时间。每天，汪宗谦搀着袁庚，一步，一步，慢慢地走，越走越远，越走越快，走了一年之久，两条腿オ恢复了平衡。 <br />
<br />
In prison, when he was sleeping, as soon as he turned around, the guard was outside knocking on the door. At night, the knocking often woke him up. After Yuan Geng returned home, he woke up just as soon as he fell asleep, which was the real lingering fear. After half a year, this fear gradually disappeared. And it took longer to restore the function of that atrophied leg. Every day, Wang Zongqian helped Yuan Geng, step by step, slowly walking, further and faster. After walking for a year, his two legs restored the balance.<br />
<br />
更可悲的是，有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子，出来不会走直路了，一走就转圈，连马路也不能过。 <br />
<br />
What was more sad was that some people walked in circles for years in their cells, and when they came out, they couldn't walk straight, they walked in circles and even couldn't cross the road.<br />
<br />
人啊，人！ <br />
<br />
Oh, human!<br />
<br />
人的尊严到哪里去了！ <br />
<br />
Where had the dignity of human gone!<br />
<br />
经过一年多的休养治疗，1975年，袁庚被分配到交通部，当了外事局副局长。 <br />
<br />
After more than a year of recuperation and treatment, Yuan Geng was assigned to the Ministry of Communications as the deputy director of the Foreign Affairs Bureau in 1975.<br />
<br />
一恢复工作，袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体一样活跃起来。 <br />
<br />
Once he returned to work, Yuan Geng's mind became as active as his newly recovered body.<br />
<br />
恢复工作之前，袁庚骑自行车上街，总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道，“不能开慢点吗”！恢复工作之后，自己也坐上了小汽车，有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了，“不能靠边骑吗”！他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化，在心里警告自己道：”可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀！” <br />
<br />
Before he resumed work, Yuan Geng rode a bicycle to the street and always felt that the cars passing by were too overbearing, "Can't you drive slower"! After he resumed work, he also drove the car and sometimes felt that the bicycles on the road were in the way, "Can't you ride on the side"? He soon realized this subtle change in his mental state and warned himself, "I can't let my position dictate my thinking!"<br />
<br />
多年来，这成了他的一个信条。 <br />
<br />
Over the years, this became one of his credos.<br />
<br />
十一、香港第一课 <br />
<br />
Ⅺ. The First Lesson in Hong Kong<br />
<br />
1978年，做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚，以花甲之年改行搞经济，被派到香港招商局担任副董事长。 <br />
<br />
In 1978, Yuan Geng, who had spent most of his life in military and diplomatic work, changed his career to economics in his sixties and was sent to the China Merchants Hong Kong to serve as vice chairman.<br />
<br />
招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日，招商局香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱，从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长，所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。从李鸿章算起，袁庚是第29任了。 <br />
<br />
China Merchants Group was founded in 1872 by Li Hongzhang, a northern minister in the Qing Dynasty. On January 15, 1950, the 13 ships of the Hong Kong branch of China Merchants Group rose in revolt and returned to the embrace of the motherland, then becoming the representative agency of the Ministry of Communications in Hong Kong. Previous ministers of the Ministry of Communications also served as chairman of the China Merchants Hong Kong, so the vice chairman was the de facto person in charge. Reckoning from Li Hongzhang, Yuan Geng was the 29th minister.<br />
<br />
香港招商局在极'左’思想影响之下，经营单一，困守一隅，搞了几十年没有什么发展。袁庚到任，根据中央定下的“以航运为中心，立足港澳，背靠内地，面向海外，多种经营，工商结合，买卖结合”的方针，以铁腕大力整顿。 <br />
<br />
Under the influence of the thought of the extreme 'left’, the China Merchants Hong Kong was very conservative with narrow business scope, and didn't develop much for decades. When Yuan Geng took office, he made energetic efforts to rectify with an iron fist, according to the policy of "shipping as the center, based on Hong Kong and Macao, backed by the mainland, facing overseas, a variety of business, combination of industry and commerce, and combination of buying and selling" set by the central committee.<br />
<br />
袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said in his speech at the Economic Seminar of Part Coastal Open Cities:<br />
<br />
“我到香港的第一课，就是买了一座大楼，非常便宜，只花了6180万（港币）。第一次交订金时，支票2000万。那天是星期五，当时讲好下午2点钟，在一个律师楼里，大家一手交钱，一手交货。我们开了2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里，发动机都没有停。一上去之后，大家一手交货，一手交钱，签字。签完字，对方拿着支票，两个人夹住，下去了。剩下一个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度，马上存到银行里去了。因为明天是礼拜六了，人家银行关门，礼拜天也关门，假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前不到银行去交那个支票的话，他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支票交给他。我们的财务去了，他回来向我们报告，他说当时那个场面是很动人的。当然，我们闭着眼睛也能想到，资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重视，当时浮动利息是14厘，三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志，那就无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去，回家。他没有这个观念！这就是香港第一课。我也不怕自惭形秽，一窍不通，我接触经济工作，仅仅是5年多前开始的。但一开始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多！招商局的子公司多的是，一检查，发现支票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了，换了一个华东财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后，我就给他讲这个道理，一个礼拜之内他就能够接受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事，立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后，财源滚滚而来。……这个‘时间就是金钱’，不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我，其实这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’，它说得比我还厉害，时间重于金钱！” <br />
<br />
"My first lesson in Hong Kong was to buy a building, which was very cheap, costing only 61.8 million (Hong Kong dollars). The deposit I paid for the first time was a cheque for 20 million. It was a Friday, and it was agreed that we would cash on delivery at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, in a lawyer building. We signed a cheque for 20 million and went to the lawyer building. There were many people from the seller's side. A few cars were parked downstairs, with their engines running. Once we went up, we cashed on delivery, and signed. After signing, the other party took the cheque, two people clamped it, and went down. One boss was left to talk to us about the aftermath. The cheque was sent to the bank to be deposited immediately by a car as fast as possible. Because tomorrow was Saturday, the bank was closed, and was also closed on Sunday. If he didn't go to the bank to hand over that cheque before 3 o'clock on Friday afternoon, he would lose the interest of 20 million for three days. So he asked for the cheque to be delivered to him on time. Our accountant went there and he came back to report to us, and he said it was a very moving scene. Of course, we could think it blindfolded. Why the capitalist attached so much importance to the interest of 20 million in the bank for three days. At that time, the floating rate was 1.4%, and three days means tens of thousands of dollars of interest. If it was our comrade in the mainland, it didn't matter. This check would be put at home and he would go home. Because he didn't have this concept! This was the first lesson I learned in Hong Kong. I'm not afraid to be ashamed of myself and know nothing about it. I just started working in the economy more than five years ago. But as soon as I started, I realized that we have a lot of problems with economic work in China! There are many subsidiaries of the China Merchants Group. When I checked, I found that they thought putting the cheque at home overnight was not a serious thing. Soon I changed the accountant and replaced him with a graduate from the East China College of Finance and Economics. When he came, I told him it, and within a week he was able to accept it. He said that money management here was totally different from the mainland, and he would immediately rectify it. After the rectification, the money was rolling in... 'Time is money' is not unreasonable. Now many people scold me. Actually, this phrase was not invented by me. China has long spoken 'An inch of time is worth an inch of gold', which is said more strongly than my words. Time is more important than money!"<br />
<br />
招商局走上轨道，袁庚就考虑进一步的发展了。1979年初，他和有关同志带着在蛇口开发工业区的蓝图，到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志很感兴趣，当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给工业区，袁庚还没有这个胆量，只要了2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候，袁庚心里默默地说： <br />
<br />
After China Merchants Group was on the right track, Yuan Geng considered further development. At the beginning of 1979, he and some related comrades went to Beijing to report to Li Xiannian, and Gu Mu with the blueprint for developing the industrial zone in Shekou. Li Xiannian and Gu Mu were very interested, and agreed to give the entire Nanshan Peninsula to the industrial zone. But Yuan Geng did not have the guts, only receiving 2.14 square kilometers. When Comrade Li Xiannian picked up his pen to sign their report, Yuan Geng silently said in his heart:<br />
<br />
“先念同志，签吧，您这一笔下去，将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀！” <br />
<br />
"Comrade Xiannian, sign it. With this stroke written down, future generations of the Chinese nation will be benefited ah!"<br />
<br />
十二、清新 <br />
<br />
Ⅻ. Freshness<br />
<br />
1984年8月，蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅，迎面是一架屏风，正中间挂着一幅草书，苍劲流畅的书法，引人注目，细看那内容，更是气度非凡。这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本，把它抄了下来。 <br />
<br />
In August 1984, the first painting and calligraphy exhibition in Shekou Industrial Zone opened. The audience entered the exhibition hall, facing a screen, with a cursive calligraphy hanging in the middle. The strong and smooth calligraphy was eye-catching. When looking closely at the content, it was more imposing. This was the work of the versatile Yuan Geng. I couldn't resist pulling out my notebook and copying it down.<br />
<br />
登微波楼<br />
<br />
微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
<br />
时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
<br />
宝安袁庚<br />
<br />
我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
<br />
我有同感。<br />
<br />
蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
<br />
六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
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晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
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啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
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十三、心血<br />
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清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
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ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
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1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
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这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
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施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
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午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
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下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
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厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
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的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
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我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
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我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
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龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
<br />
“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
<br />
“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
<br />
“你有什么打算?”<br />
<br />
“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
<br />
“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
<br />
“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
<br />
在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
<br />
十五、激动的工程师<br />
<br />
7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
<br />
蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
<br />
边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
<br />
“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
<br />
的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
<br />
“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
<br />
46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
<br />
他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
<br />
王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
<br />
袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
<br />
管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
<br />
当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
<br />
“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
<br />
“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
<br />
“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
<br />
“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
<br />
“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
<br />
“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
<br />
“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
<br />
“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
<br />
“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
<br />
了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
<br />
父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
<br />
“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
<br />
当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
<br />
“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
<br />
“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
<br />
“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
<br />
“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
<br />
第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
<br />
12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
<br />
1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
<br />
王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
<br />
“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
<br />
“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
<br />
“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
<br />
“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
<br />
“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
<br />
“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
<br />
“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
<br />
王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
<br />
十六、年轻的总经理<br />
<br />
一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
<br />
说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
<br />
“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
<br />
只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
<br />
她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
<br />
“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
<br />
“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
<br />
“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
<br />
“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=155821Report CN EN 032023-06-13T03:04:21Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：10.热血男儿Hot-blooded Man */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情Obsession==<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with Long Hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies were always covered; whereas in the West, people loved nudity, which seemed to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个ー丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there was a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush and painting a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting was not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, had you ever thought that some of us would cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us would stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, would come like snowflakes. You might even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Were you fearless, or seized by a whim? You were out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he was painting.<br />
<br />
他站在一间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着一支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着ー张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stood in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looked disheveled, and his bosom was stained with different colors. His hair was long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there was a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exactly did you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound Train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it was today. The platforms were clean, the corridors were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the regions south of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North…<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像一块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, and cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man--that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes…"<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me…"<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows — the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"On a business trip? Or visit family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student at Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone…"<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What…"<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break…"<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man!"<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. The resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
"So I don't understand art…"<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多少欢聚与悲离的 故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉一线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小伙子,而是一个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
During the long journey, as the young people of the same generation, it was the fate to meet each other in this running train! In life, many stories of reunion and departure were drawn by the heavy line across the land! The girl was close to the small table by the window, resting her chin in the hand, listening to the young man talk, and watching his expression. It seemed that he was not a young guy, but a strong and confident man. Calculating his age, he was even a few years older than the girl. Why did he give that illusion before? Alas, the age of men was really hard to guess...<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为一个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是一个有抱负、有才华的人!”<br />
<br />
Out of the female’s sensitivity, the girl suddenly felt shy and embarrassed. The condescending arrogance that she had just showed was now reversed and replaced by her hazy admiration. The girl looked at the painter's dress again, and the non-matching colors of black and red were not so conspicuous. Although the painter's cotton jacket was still so black, the collar of the underwear was still so crooked, and the hair was still so disheveled, in the eyes of the girl, they all became the evidence that the young man was a bachelor who was immersed in art and had no time to take care of himself, which touched the girl's heart of compassion: "It seems that he is an ambitious and talented man!"<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
The painter took out his drawing board, spread the paper and said to the girl, "Please allow me to make a sketch of you."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
The girl nodded her head.<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简直像一个拙笨的新手。好半天,才抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
The painter drew very slowly, feeling ill at ease. The more he tried to draw well, the more nervous he became, and the brush was out of control. He was like a clumsy novice. After a long time, he apologized and said, "Sorry, I didn’t draw well…"<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来一看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会”了画家的灵犀。<br />
<br />
When the girl took it and looked, two red clouds rose on her cheeks. This sketch was not as good as the one of the mechanic, and those rigid lines were flaws of the work. To say it bluntly, she looked uglier in the painting than she really was. Is that what I look like? The girl had a reason to make a protest. However, she understood and forgave the painter with a sweet smile. Honestly, she didn't even want to see him too calm, too relaxed, like facing the model in the studio. The girl no longer regarded "resemblance in appearance" as so important, and she “understood tacitly” the painter's spirit.<br />
<br />
画纸的一角是签名和年月——袁运生,画于1964年2月。<br />
<br />
In one corner of the paper were the signature and date--Yuan Yunsheng, painted in February 1964.<br />
<br />
画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "Give it to you."<br />
<br />
姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
<br />
The girl said, "Thank you, I’ll keep it as a memory."<br />
<br />
“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信地址?”<br />
<br />
"You see, I was so careless that I forgot to ask your name." The painter said, "Could you write down your mailing address?"<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
<br />
The girl smiled: "My name is Zhang Lanying." And she wrote down the address on the painter's sketchbook.<br />
<br />
火车抵达浦口,他们已经像一对熟识的老朋友了。从一个艺术型的医学院学生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
<br />
When the train arrived in Pukou, they already looked like two old friends. Many common temperaments could be found between an artistic medical student and a serious artist. The passengers on the same train thought they had known each other for a long time and treated them as a couple, saying goodbye to them with the appellation of “you two”.<br />
<br />
画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空一样清澈,像江水一样深沉……<br />
<br />
The painter sent the girl to the shore of the Yangtze River, a wet wind blowing from the river. It was time to part, and both of them were reluctant to leave. Lanying looked at Yuan Yunsheng with the warm and fond gaze, and that means everything! As clear as the sky, as deep as the river…<br />
<br />
呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江交织起来的一见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
Heh! Pretty girl, you were too sentimental. Did you know him? The story of love at first sight, woven by the main Beijing-Pukou line and the winding Yangtze River, was too indiscreet.<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
<br />
The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River <br />
<br />
在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,一只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认真地涂抹着油彩,画出一个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
<br />
In the days of glorious morning light of the 1950s, a young boy's delicate hand, holding a paintbrush, was earnestly spreading the paint on the linen to draw a little girl with the same earnest expression, who was imitating her sister's movement, tying a bright red scarf around her neck.<br />
<br />
这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐一样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
<br />
This oil painting was sent from Nantong in Jiangsu Province to Beijing as an assignment for applying for the highest academy of arts, presenting the young painter’s sparkling artistic talent and a crystal-clear heart. The title was "Growing up to be like my sister", painted by Yuan Yunsheng.<br />
<br />
看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年除夕送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出一批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的艺术功底。<br />
<br />
When looking at this oil painting, people might think that the painter had a soft and gentle femininity. In fact, he was just the opposite. He was stubborn and unrestrained, like a boisterous colt. His love of painting since childhood was mainly influenced by his father. His father worked in a middle school in Nantong. In his spare time, he enthusiastically collected various fine art works. Every year on the New Year’s Eve, they would bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new, and his father would always hang a number of new paintings on the wall, including Chinese and foreign ones, like a small exhibition, full of the atmosphere of the art salon. The paintings collected at home gave Yuan Yunsheng some enlightenment in art. When he got a little bit older, he went to the Cultural Center in Nantong to participate in activities, attend lectures, learn to sketch, and paint, laying the first foundation of art.<br />
<br />
当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来一副犟脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
<br />
When he applied to the Central Academy of Fine Arts, his father said with worry: "The boy was born with stubbornness, which makes us uneasy."<br />
<br />
哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,一个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人 需要有个性。”<br />
<br />
His brother Yuan Yunfu, who was also involved in fine art, kept cheering him on: "Go ahead. people involved in fine art needs to have a personality."<br />
<br />
1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
<br />
In the summer of 1955, the Central Academy of Fine Arts announced the admission of new students, Yuan Yunsheng ranking the first.<br />
<br />
如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画派。这是19世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画就像一部小说或一出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝圣者像请佛一样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
<br />
If Yuan Yunsheng's work for the entrance examination could be classified as a certain school of art, it would be the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions. It was a progressive school of painting that emerged in Russia in the 19th century. It simulated life, emphasized themes, and focused on plot. A painting was like a novel or a play. It inherited Rembrandt’s tradition of realism and absorbed the Impressionism’s achievements in the use of light and color. After the October Revolution, it enjoyed the supreme position in the Soviet art circle and was invited to China by Chinese pilgrims, like inviting the Buddha. Of course, Yuan Yunsheng, only 17 years old, did not know the essence of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, let alone that the school of art was linked to the school of politics.<br />
<br />
他像奔跑在艺术山野 里的小鹿,一头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
<br />
Like a fawn running in the wilderness of art, he bumped into the arms of Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions.<br />
<br />
袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身 好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件 和艺术才能的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖力气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严格的训练——<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng was highly regarded by the academy. He was born in a good family (it was rare to have such a family background at that time) and excelled in the examination. He sat in the first-year classroom with a nimbus of political condition and artistic talent hanging over his head. He was elected as the commissary of Communist Youth League in charge of organization, who was totally the epitome of a socialist-minded and professionally competent man. He was also a real hard worker, and was very stubborn, taking everything seriously. Under the guidance of Soviet-style teaching methods, he received strict training--<br />
<br />
挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与被画者保持绝对的耐性 。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面 ”,画上一整天,只画了半个头像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履的中年人走过来,这是礼聘 来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供同学们观摩。<br />
<br />
Choosing a HB pencil, and sharpening it, and sketching in front of male and female models. The models were recruited at a very high price, both nude and non-nude. Under certain lights, the painter and the object stayed absolutely patient. He sketched out the outline at first, figured out the “light and plane”, and then drew all day long, only to have half picture of the head; the next day, the same scene was repeated under the same conditions; then, a middle-aged man with a high nose and deep eyes, dressed in a suit, came over, who was an expert invited cordially. Whenever he passed behind Yuan Yunsheng, his face often showed a look of satisfaction. Yuan Yunsheng got five points for all his sketches and oil paintings, which were sometimes hung in the classroom or in the corridor for students to watch.<br />
<br />
这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉柯夫教学体系。-袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀——苏联在中国土地上开办的艺术工厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
<br />
That year, a sketch and oil painting teaching conference of national fine art academies was held in Beijing to promote the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union. A half-length portrait of a Chinese woman painted by Yuan Yunsheng was shown off on the conference--a standard mode produced by the art factory of the Soviet Union in China.<br />
<br />
苏联专家的宠儿 ,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
<br />
He was the favorite of the Soviet experts, and the pride of the Oil Painting Department. He had a lot of success and a bright future. He immersed himself in the painting all day long, with his hand keeping waving, like a devout disciple prostrating himself before his art idol, and praying that his soul would ascend to the temple of art, seating on a throne surrounded by roses with a crown of pearls… It was the highest ideal for college students majoring in oil painting at that time.<br />
<br />
但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
<br />
But the naive faith was not solid, like an edifice built on a thin and narrow foundation, which could easily collapse. Once it was subverted, it could cause endless troubles.<br />
<br />
苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便朝那里走去。他停在一帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来一阵电灼般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
<br />
Distress had come to him, and he brought it upon himself. One morning, he heard that there was an exhibition of paintings being held in the hall, and went there. He stopped in front of a sequence of copies of the oil paintings, casting a calm glance upon it, and his whole body felt an electric sensation. His heart was shaking, and his blood was boiling.<br />
<br />
这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风 的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的感情,像酒一样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
<br />
These were the works of the European Post-Impressionist painter Van Gogh, with ordinary and simple images: fields, haystacks, a clock reflected by the setting sun, and sunflowers in clay pots. In addition, there were some portraits of ordinary people: postmen, miners, movers, and inmates who were released for yard time. In these unpretentious pictures, the author poured out the strongest feelings, as strong as wine, like a flame burning!<br />
<br />
看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格 。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生——向日葵,仿佛摇身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探求……这哪里是绘画呀 ,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每一线条和每一色块都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
<br />
Look, the jagged trees were rebellious. The undulating earth seemed to tell of suffering. <br />
The painter poured deep feelings into those ordinary people. The still-life painting --sunflowers, seemed to turn into a living thing, stretching out its jumble of tentacles to the frozen space, capturing, swaying, and indefatigably seeking… It was not a painting, but a call of the painter's life, a representation of his character! Every line and every color block were flowing, coming through invisible channels to clamp people, annihilate them to a great vortex of emotion…<br />
<br />
袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被一支锐利的艺术之箭射穿了。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng walked out of the hall, with his legs wobbling, as if he was drunk, was hurt. His heart was pierced by a sharp arrow of art.<br />
<br />
他回到宿舍,一头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高才生转瞬间变成西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
<br />
He went back to the dormitory and threw himself onto the bed. It was ironic that a top student of the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union became a captive of the Western European Post-Impressionism in an instant.<br />
<br />
宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地问 :“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
<br />
When the door of the dormitory opened, his roommate came in. Seeing him pale and tired, he asked in surprise, "Yunsheng, what happened to you?"<br />
<br />
“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
<br />
"I went to see an exhibition of Van Gogh's paintings." Yuan Yunsheng sat up in bed and said, "I've never been so excited by the works of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions..."<br />
<br />
他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的基础。有这个就够了。下一步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚 。<br />
<br />
He expressed his thoughts. In his opinion, the merit of Soviet painting theory lied in the emphasis on placing the object under certain light, observing the levels and hues with a subtle look, and tracing it carefully, which was the basis of all paintings. It was enough. The next step was to break free and move forward, not to limit themselves.<br />
<br />
他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧上了天 ,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在干着什么蠢事呀? ……<br />
<br />
He was right. Throughout the history of art, each school had its own process of formation, development, vicissitudes, and ups and downs. The Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions deserved its place in the art circle without dispute. But once it was praised to the skies, and promoted by administrative means, it would be counterproductive and bring suffocating disaster to the art. In fact, in the 1950s, painters all over the world, including Soviet painters, were running, exploring and innovating. And how stupid we were! ...<br />
<br />
袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头 ,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng said excitedly: "We follow behind them and pick up what they have thrown away!"<br />
<br />
好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,一个几亿人的社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎 。<br />
<br />
His good friends were familiar with his character and sympathized with his comments, but they worried about him. At that time, a society of hundreds of millions of people prostrated itself before Soviet idols, and his words were tantamount to a form of blasphemy.<br />
<br />
从那以后,他变得不大安分了, 一头温驯的伏尔加式的 小鹿,现出烈性马驹的本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标。<br />
<br />
From then on, he became rebel. A tame fawn, like the one on the Volga car, showed the true colors of a boisterous colt. In addition to completing the homework as usual, he improvised with mixed painting techniques, as if he was pursuing an ethereal goal.<br />
<br />
目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
<br />
The goal, was finally found, unexpectedly close at hand.<br />
<br />
从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭一张学生证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹…… <br />
<br />
From the Shuaifuyuan where the Central Academy of Fine Arts was located, crossing the big roundabout between Wangfujing and Bamiancao, the Donghua Gate of the National Palace Museum was about a mile away. At that time, students from the Academy of Fine Arts enjoyed a special privilege. They could freely enter the imperial garden of ancient Chinese art with only a student ID card. Here he saw Chen Laolian’s “Bogu Yezi (A kind of card played while drinking in ancient China)” in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan’s “Qingming Shanghe Tu (Along the River During the Qingming Festival)” in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a large number of authentic works of famous painters of the Tang Dynasty…<br />
<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
<br />
His favorite work was the "Luo Shen Fu (The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River)" by Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.<br />
<br />
长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象力!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人,栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱翔……<br />
<br />
Long scroll, romantic conception, how imaginative! The landscape was peaceful and spacious, with quiet and wonderful rivers and mountains; the figures were lifelike, dancing in the air. Was the resemblance in appearance? Was the resemblance in spirit? Between likeness and unlikeness, that was the author's mind soaring…<br />
<br />
他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条表现出高超的魅力。<br />
<br />
He put his eyes close to the scroll. The brush strokes, appearing ageless for thousands of years, like the spring silkworms spinning fine and exquisite silk, drew freely. He thought of the Soviet oil painting theory that denied the existence of lines. But in Chinese painting, the general and terse lines showed the high charm.<br />
<br />
站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他的思绪如抛出的一缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
<br />
Standing in this ancient resplendent hall, a long flowing river of art swept passed by before his eyes, and his thoughts stretched out like a wisp of gossamer. If we compared the fashionable Western art and the ancient Oriental art to two poles, there seemed to be something between the two poles that was closely related. Oh, he understood. When we got into a mut, ignored what was near and seek what was far away, those elves and devils of abstractionism, fauvism, modernism and futurism quietly got essence and extracted nutrients from the Oriental art to strengthen their bodies. That was the secret.<br />
<br />
祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
<br />
Motherland, your art is not water, not wine, not milk, but the magical royal jelly!<br />
<br />
虎丘<br />
<br />
Huqiu<br />
<br />
兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
<br />
After parting with the painter in Pukou, Lanying returned to school in Suzhou. In the blink of an eye, it was March. With spring breeze and newly sprouted willow trees, the town of flowing water under bridges liked a young girl, who was unveiled, affectionate with a lot of charm. <br />
<br />
姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
<br />
The girl's state of mind was also bright like waking spring.<br />
<br />
她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认识一下,如果手头有照片,请寄来一张。<br />
<br />
She received the painter’s letter from Nantong. The style of writing was free and easy. In the girl’s words: "The level is quite high!" The letter recalled the unforgettable scene on the train and expressed his feelings of missing her. He also said that his parents and brothers would like to get to know the girl, and if she had photos, please sent one.<br />
<br />
兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选一张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息一样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
<br />
Lanying opened the photo album without hesitation, selected a small photo, attached a short reply, and sent it to Nantong. This small act contained an unusual meaning, just like the shortest electromagnetic microwave can transmit significant information, it clearly expressed: the girl agreed to be his girlfriend.<br />
<br />
兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
<br />
Lanying's upbringing conditioned her to making her own decisions. She was born in Shandong province and grew up in the regions south of the Yangtze River. After her parents died, she moved with the troops from childhood. Wherever she went, it was her home, and she developed the ability to live independently. Over the years, she always received the warmth from the group and her female companions, but was never constrained. Perhaps she was a bit spoiled and coaxed by others, which made her form a stubborn personality.<br />
<br />
此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,一见钟情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
<br />
At the moment, she had a novel feeling that she was happier than the people around her. Because she had a right man in her heart, who affected her emotions. She silently enjoyed the secret pleasure of the young girl in love for the first time. She even imagined that once the secret was revealed, how surprised and envious her female companions would be! In their minds, her vison was very high. She was great looking and came from a privileged background. No male classmates dared to develop a relationship with her. It was not easy to take her fancy. It was done so artfully, neither by her parents’ choice, nor by the match-maker’s recommendation. She met him on a trip, and fell in love at first sight, bringing everything lime a whirlwind, so that the girl was full of desire for a better life. It was really romantic! So, she wove the future scenarios with sweet silk, anxiously waiting for the response from Nantong. Did he receive her letter? Would the painter's parents comment her when looking at her photo? Was she too pretty, or not enough? Alas! It was really hard to guess… The girl's heart was like the weather in the south of the Yangtze River in March. The temperature and weather changed abruptly.<br />
<br />
学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
<br />
The school was preparing for the Women's Day celebration. Lanying was the commissary in charge of entertainment of the class, a major role that bore a heavy burden of responsibility. The time passed quickly as she arranged the programs, made a blackboard newspaper, and decorated the venue.<br />
<br />
“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄起话筒,一惊一喜——那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
<br />
On Woman’s Day, the curtain was opened, and everyone was watching the stage. Suddenly someone called Lanying to answer the phone. She took up the microphone, and was surprised and delighted--it was the painter calling from the school's reception office.<br />
<br />
兰英极力掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,一阵风似的跑到学校的门口。<br />
<br />
Lanying tried to hide his excitement, turned to the students, vaguely explained a few words, and ran to the school gate like a gust of wind.<br />
<br />
画家站在那里,手中照例拿着一个速写本。<br />
<br />
The painter stood there, holding a sketchbook in his hand as usual.<br />
<br />
“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
<br />
"When did you arrive?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I just got off the train. I was passing through here after the home leave." The painter said.<br />
<br />
“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
<br />
"Please come in, do you … want to draw some sketches for our celebration?"<br />
<br />
“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……” <br />
<br />
"Not going in. I'd like to invite you out for a walk…"<br />
<br />
兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意味着向人生的一个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
<br />
Lanying hesitated for a moment. She was willing to accept the request, but also felt embarrassed. Since she entered the period of youth and became mature, Lanying spent this day with her female companions every year. Today she was going to leave her group, which meant saying goodbye to a stage of life. She thought about the discipline of the school, the opinion of classmates...<br />
<br />
“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
<br />
"Where are we going?" Lanying asked shyly.<br />
<br />
“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
<br />
"Huqiu." The painter's expression did not change.<br />
<br />
当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
<br />
When they got off the bus and stood at the foot of Huqiu Hill, the girl's uneasy heart was quieted down and relaxed. <br />
<br />
和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深”。沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
<br />
Compared with the small gardens in Suzhou City, Huqiu was a broad and quiet place to visit. The first two lines of Bai Juyi's poem on Huqiu were " The temple doesn't look far away, but it's very deep in the garden.” Walking along the stone path to the garden, there were many pines and cypresses, clear and blue sword pool, thick and tall groves of bamboo hiding the buildings and pavilions on the hillside: Temple of Chloris, Three Smiles pavilion... Walking deeper and there was more quiet, like walking into a sweet dream.<br />
<br />
这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在一起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
<br />
It was the first time Lanying had been alone with a man. There were mysterious waves in the girl’s heart. She felt that she had a lot to say to the painter, but she didn't know where to start.<br />
<br />
“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
<br />
"Have you received the photo?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I received. My family saw it and they all like you." The painter said.<br />
<br />
可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术。他对这一带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而倾倒。<br />
<br />
But the painter soon changed the subject. He commented on the local customs and culture of Suzhou and introduced the plastic art of the regions south of the Yangtze River. He seemed to be familiar with the area and knew a lot of anecdotes. The girl listened to him with great interest and was overwhelmed with admiration by the painter's profound knowledge.<br />
<br />
前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去 ,仿佛在祝福这一对美好的情侣。突然,一股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
<br />
Huqiu Pagoda was just ahead. The towering spire thrust into the blue sky and white clouds, magnificent and magical. Lanying and the painter ran towards the top of the hill with excitement. The painter stretched out his strong arm to support the girl. They were so close to each other, feeling the heat of each other's breath and heart beating. Pines, cypresses, and bamboo forests swayed backwards, as if they were blessing the wonderful couple. Suddenly, with a blazing feeling, they both stopped at the same time.<br />
<br />
这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰一样醉红,双唇像微微绽开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己一样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后一瞬……<br />
<br />
Here was surrounded by hills and trees, empty and silent. The painter stared at the girl with a frank and honest look; Lanying closed her eyes happily, ready to receive a baptism of love that would never be forgotten. The golden sunlight, through the branches of the trees, cast waving shadows on the girl’s face. Her cheeks were as red as roses, and her lips were like slightly blooming petals, more beautiful than usual. What a pure girl. Opening the window of her heart, there wasn’t any trace of dust and impurities. Although it was her second meeting with the painter, she trusted him and life as she trusted herself. Hold her tight, kiss her with fervor. She would be yours forever, from now until the last moment of your life…<br />
<br />
“兰英,我要告诉你一件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是‘右派’！”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I’ll tell you something." What she heard at this moment was the painter’s calm voice, “The first time was too late and the second time is not too late. I was classed as a 'rightist' when I was in college. Really, it was the 'rightist'!”<br />
<br />
霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
<br />
All of a sudden, the hills and trees, the ancient pagoda, were frozen in a deathly silence…<br />
<br />
孤岛上<br />
On a Lonely Island<br />
<br />
到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。1957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
<br />
Have you ever been to an island of the sea? The water and sky seemed to be mixed up together. The clouds came and went, and tide rose and fell. The island was a poem, a fresh and meaningful poem. At the turn of spring and summer in 1957, Yuan Yunsheng was in a poetic environment.<br />
<br />
他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
<br />
He went deep into the life on the island and practice drawing from nature. The Central Academy of Fine Arts required that second-year students had a two-month internship course; before the summer vacation, students went to different parts of the country. He and another student were the only ones who participated in the trip to the island. It was located on the shore of the Yellow Sea. There were only troops on the island, and no residents for miles around. The island provided him with a fortunate environment, getting away from the noise and disputes of the human world, and escaping the violent turmoil that happened in the mainland.<br />
<br />
小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体 ,心情是焦渴的。当蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
<br />
People on the island were closest to nature. Every morning, carrying the paint box on his back, he wandered on the beach covered with light yellow gravel and welcomed the first ray of happy sunshine. At the age of only eighteen, Yuan Yunsheng had already stood out from the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions and became a hazy composite of Chinese Classicism Painting and Western Modernism Painting, who was anxious. The blue sea sprinkled ten thousand golden stars and the sunglow filled his heart with brilliant colors. It was the moment when the young artist's life was burning. He hurriedly opened the paint box, spread the canvas and accepted the generous offer of nature.<br />
<br />
小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左右,才有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
<br />
The island was simple. Politics was proportional to the population, and there were fewer political topics here. Only a barge arrived to deliver newspapers and mail every ten days or so. While he and his companion were eating, they hastily opened the newspapers and skim through them. He was curious about the articles that appeared in the newspaper:<br />
<br />
“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好啦……”<br />
<br />
"Beijing is allowing the people to express their views now. This article is interesting. This opinion should be adopted. Changing it like this will be good…"<br />
<br />
他看完报纸一扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块和线条的运用。<br />
<br />
He threw the newspaper away after reading it and then forgot about it. He did not care about anything else except painting. His road of life was bright, full of sunshine, with no clouds hanging over him and nothing to worry about. All he cared about was the use of light, color blocks and lines.<br />
<br />
年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队的宣传干事带到一间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
<br />
The only political question the young artist faced was raised by the local soldiers. One day, he was taken to a humble shed by a publicity officer of the troops, and a pair of trusting eyes were cast upon him.<br />
<br />
“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, you have asked to go to another island to paint, right?"<br />
<br />
“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
<br />
"Yes, we want to go there."<br />
<br />
“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
<br />
"The troops have studied it. You can go, but your classmate stays."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查 。你们学校填写了两份材料,你的情况单纯 。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
<br />
"A permanent military project is being built on the island. Those who go there have to pass a political vetting. Your college filled out two documents, and your background is simple. Your classmate can't go, mainly because of family problems…"<br />
<br />
袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是一种荣幸,既然生活当中存在这样一些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng frowned. It was an honor to be invited alone. Since there were such rules in life, he went to there alone and no one could blame it. But it brought him more trouble than excitement. He knew his classmates. They were all members of the Communist Youth League and were the backbone of the students. Why should they be distinguished? With his artistic way of thinking, he decided that it was a proposition of conscience and friendship.<br />
<br />
“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
<br />
"Hey, I got it." He went back to the dorm and said to his companion, "The island is building fortifications, drilling and blasting, filled with smoke. There is nothing to paint. We've been out for a long time, let's just go back to the college!"<br />
<br />
不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大 登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活见鬼 !中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
<br />
Soon, he and his classmate crossed the sea and landed at Lvda City. The cool sea breeze blew against the beautiful city, arousing interest in sightseeing. They wandered the streets. The scenery was charming, the buildings were quirky and everywhere was full of Russian atmosphere. When Yuan looked up at the signposts, which wrote the street names like “Makarov”, he complained: "Damn it! Why does the street of a Chinese city have to be named after a Russian general? What a bummer…" A few days later, they stood in the blue harbor, casting a last glance at the ocean waves, and turned around to set foot on the way back.<br />
<br />
不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
<br />
He didn’t expect that it was a farewell to the blue life.<br />
<br />
北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷 ,使海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头 ,有碍“百花齐放”。袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
<br />
Beijing had changed. Returning from the island, he was amazed by the swift counterattack, the overwhelming criticism, and the petals scattered on the ground in the campus. What puzzled him most was the situation of Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the academy. He heard that the secretary of the Party Committee made a mistake because he advocated the revolutionary school of painting too far, which hindered "all flowers blooming together". Yuan Yunsheng really didn’t understand what the “revolutionary school of painting” had to do with the “rightist”.<br />
<br />
袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? 一连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng hid in the dormitory, immersing himself in gathering up his sketches. Perhaps, he was safe. He advocated inheriting ancient Chinese art and drawing on western modern art, which should be conducive to the "blooming of a hundred flowers". How could he not be safe. For several days, he chased the white clouds, waves and seagulls, lost in the memories of his trip to the sea…<br />
<br />
有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像一个漏了税的走私犯接受审讯。<br />
<br />
One day, he was suddenly called to the classroom and stood in front of the people, like a smuggler being tried for tax evasion.<br />
<br />
摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名——“反苏” 。 <br />
<br />
He was faced with a host of problems: deviant views in art, sympathetic remarks to the "rightist", "poisoning" on the island and in Lvda, and a terrible accusation throughout it--"anti-Soviet".<br />
<br />
究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐 ,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
<br />
The answer to who denounced him could be found by using elementary mathematics, but it was meaningless. Since he had thought so, and said, he said bluntly to anyone, with an honest heart.<br />
<br />
他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他一挥手:“请你到外面等一会儿。”<br />
<br />
He racked his brain to repeat what he had said, and the presenter waved to him: "Please wait outside for a moment."<br />
<br />
他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听见屋里在争论。<br />
<br />
He left the classroom and stood in the corridor, feeling relieved and comfortable. The corridor was only one door away from the classroom, and he heard an argument in the room.<br />
<br />
有人说:“够了……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "That's enough…”<br />
<br />
有人说:“还不够……”<br />
<br />
Someone said: "Not enough...”<br />
<br />
有人说:“态度还好……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "The attitude is not bad…"<br />
<br />
他的好友在替他争辩,另一些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
<br />
His best friends were arguing for him, and others were insisting on something, which sounded interesting. Then there was silence… Then, he was called back to the classroom.<br />
<br />
“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, after research, you've been classified as a 'rightist'!"<br />
<br />
政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色——红与黑。点朱泼墨,二者居其一,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不同,观点对立,照样用黑笔一勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
<br />
The oil painting box of the political movement had only two colors--red and black, which was different from the oil painting box of the artist. The only way to choose between cinnabar and ink was to rely on fortune-telling. He and Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, were of different ages, different background colors, and opposing views, but they were both outlined by black brushes with the same destination and the painting procedures were highly simplified.<br />
<br />
晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
<br />
In the evening, he rode the bike to Baijiazhuang, where his brother Yuan Yunfu lived. He rocked back in the sofa: "I am."<br />
<br />
哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
<br />
His brother smiled and asked, "What are you?"<br />
<br />
“我是’右派’了。”<br />
<br />
"I'm a 'rightist' now."<br />
<br />
“呵?”哥哥大吃一惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
<br />
"Huh?" His brother was astonished, "What mistake did you make?"<br />
<br />
“我没犯错误。”<br />
<br />
"I didn't make a mistake."<br />
<br />
“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
<br />
"Then why are you classified as a 'rightist'?"<br />
<br />
“他们说我是,就是啰 。”<br />
<br />
"They said I am. So I am."<br />
<br />
“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
<br />
"No! No!" His brother was trembling.<br />
<br />
“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
<br />
"What’s wrong with that?" He said evenly, "I still paint, still go to school, still engage in arts."<br />
<br />
他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山造湖,兴修水库,一颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地指挥部,请求一边干活一边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人来访。<br />
<br />
He really did not know pain yet. Soon after, hundreds of thousands of people in the capital swarmed to the out to the suburbs to move mountains and create lakes and build reservoirs in the gorge of the Ming Tombs, and a naive heart was touched. He thought how good it would be to see so many people working together to do one thing. He took his oil painting box and rode more than one hundred miles by bike to the construction headquarters, asking to be able to work and spent his spare time painting. They refused, explaining that according to the regulations, they would not accept personal visits.<br />
<br />
又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他一个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
<br />
Shortly afterward, he went into the construction site by bus with a large group of people from the Central Academy of Fine Arts. How excited he was! He did as much work alone as several men together, carrying six baskets for holding earth on one pole, and running fast on the rugged mountain road. At noon, when others took a nap, he held his painting clipboard and went to the mountain to paint under the scorching sun. Until he was exhausted and staggered back to the shed, he still didn’t feel bitter. Because it was her own choice. He was motivated by the boiling life and generously gave his energy, feeling that it was a great pleasure.<br />
<br />
可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成呵斥的嗓门,一张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了——仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
<br />
But the atmosphere in the shed had changed. The students gathered around him, pointing at him, and saying that he was disobedient, did not accept reform, and should not paint anymore… He was stunned. He didn’t know that it was a criticism meeting, and he didn’t understand what they said. He only felt that familiar eyes became harsh eyes, intimate expressions became indifferent expressions, and peaceful voices became scolding voices. Their mouths were moving, and their hands were shaking. Suddenly he understood--just one thing: he was different from others!<br />
<br />
他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
<br />
He opened his bloodshot eyes wide, wriggled his dry lips, and fell down with his hands on his head.<br />
<br />
过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
<br />
Because of overwork and mental stimulation, he contracted serious dysentery. The illness dragged on from summer to winter, and later he was sent to an unheated hut at college.<br />
<br />
小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活 ,学校当局不再放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他才感到了痛苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出一串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
<br />
The hut was cold and damp, where dripping water could freeze. His body was hot with a high fever. College authorities were no longer concerned about his condition. A year ago, he was the pride of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, who became an abandoned orphan now. He felt the pain, the pain of being strangled in art, exceeding the physical pain, like being pushed into a terrible hell. No! In the spiritual realm of art, there was only heaven, not hell. He was forced to learn to be inferior, but he could never learn it. In a coma, cluttered thoughts were flashing, as if he was flying after the seagulls, and dancing with the Goddess of the Luo River. He tossed and turned and struggled, with a series of moans, as if not willing to sink, but to climb out of the dark hell…<br />
<br />
屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
<br />
A faint white light came through the door and he heard the sound of footsteps. Looking there attentively, he found that his friend stood in front of the bed, casting sympathetic and concerned eyes at him.<br />
<br />
他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是一种负担。我需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
<br />
He sat up quickly: "Please don't come to see me again. I understand that it is a burden for others to be close to me. I need friendship, but not pity. What I need now is solitude, solitude, let me be alone!"<br />
<br />
新月<br />
<br />
The Crescent Moon<br />
<br />
夕阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野 闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对青年男女。<br />
<br />
The setting sun cast a golden glow on Huqiu and fell to the other side of the hill. The clear and quiet lights shimmered on the hill, which was connected to the transparent dusk, reflecting the stately profile of the millennium pagoda, like a contemplative old man overlooking a young couple on the hill.<br />
<br />
这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们一页一页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像一阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只残忍的巨手一挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择 。<br />
<br />
This moment was long enough for Lanying. There were tragedies and comedies in love stories that had been passed down through the ages, attracting people to read them page by page. However, the second page of Lanying's story was unbearable. The tender feelings of a girl who was in her first love: happiness, novelty, joy… For an instant they vanished like a gust of wind, as if with the wave of a cruel hand, everything sank, everything disappeared, and a problem was put before the girl, severe, cold, and emotionless, turning the sweet assignment into a cold choice of stakes.<br />
<br />
在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的一群 ,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以“杀气腾腾”“煽风点火 ”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁愿与鬼蜮联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
<br />
In those years, in this land, as long as people mentioned the "rightist", a bunch of greys flashed before their eyes, like shadows, like ghosts, as if they killed a man, committed arson, or poison something. It seemed that they were all charged with “murder”, “fanning the flames”, “drug trafficking” and so on. Their souls were sentenced to death, leaving only soulless shells of bodies. The shell, could breathe but could not speak, and must work but could not harvest. The only tolerance that society gave them was to give them more time than convicts sentenced to death, turning their shells into mud. Who would want to be married to a ghost? Who wanted to be with a zombie? Lanying faced such a choice.<br />
<br />
在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每一个姑娘都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵——询问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,工资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称一称。爱情的内容转变了,转变为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义 。<br />
<br />
In an environment where marriage and politics were tied together, every girl had to make considerations, either to enjoy honor, or to have misfortunes with her husband. Under the same dusk, how many girls in the world were considering it--asking the man’s family background, political affiliation, education background, job, salary, rank… asking his direct value and everything indirectly translated into value, and then weighing them on the balance of love. The content of love had been transformed into the process of exchange of commodities, which gradually became common and natural.<br />
<br />
兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算 。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
<br />
Lanying had more rights to make her own decisions. She was receiving higher education. She would be a nurse in the future, whose had blood of martyrs in her veins. The organization was considering her to join the Communist Party of China. She was as proud as a daughter of an eminent family, as beautiful as Snow White… Every intersection of life would provide the green light for her. with sons from aristocratic families for her to choose and high position and great wealth to enjoy. But life seemed to play ticks on her. It was the black devil who came to her side, not the angel of love. It was not late to break off the relationship with him at once, and there was no obligation on conscience and morality.<br />
<br />
兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越 ,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气 。因此,她还不懂得利害。<br />
<br />
Lanying lost in painful thought. She was in a privileged situation and had pure experiences, remaining unspotted from the world. Therefore, she did not understand the stakes.<br />
<br />
政治运动对姑娘来说,像一场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些“右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她还时常听到这样的告诫:有才华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不断得到强化。<br />
<br />
The political movement was like a vague dream for the girl. In 1957, she was an innocent girl studying in middle school. She took part in the denunciation, with her mouth, with her pen, with her outraged feeling. The war was over before she could see the enemies clearly. She only saw the backs of the prisoners. Later, when the girl was a little older, whenever she heard that someone was a "rightist", she could not help but look at him with curiosity. She saw that most of the "rightists" were scholars, professors, artists, writers, business backbone, celebrities and so on. She also often heard the admonition: talented people often had strong personalities; people with strong personalities often suffered setbacks. The direct and converse theorem of real life had been repeated in various tones, and the girl’s impression of it was constantly reinforced.<br />
<br />
抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的嘲讽。<br />
<br />
The abstract concept of friend or foe formed a concrete conclusion in the girl's mind, which was a sad mockery of the solemn political movement.<br />
<br />
眼前的画家又是一个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离经叛道的歧路 ,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为政治问题?为什么要让一个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的才华……什么是才华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下一颗蓝色的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
<br />
The painter before her was another example. Because the painter opposed the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, he was declared to be on an unorthodox and evil path and was sentenced to death in politics. The girl could not understand why the issue of art had to be turned into a political issue? Why should a Chinese hot-blooded young man be sacrificed to a foreign altar as a lamb to be slaughtered? Wasn't it ludicrous? Such a ludicrous thing actually happened. Perhaps, it further proved that the painter was not a meek lamb, but a fearful calf, attracting jealousy from others. It further proved the painter’s courage and insight, indomitable nature and precious talent… What was talent? For the simplehearted girl, it was the light of life, the garland of youth, the transcendence of ignorance, the sublimation of knowledge. It made money and wealth eclipsed, made gain, loss, fame and bad reputation ruin and loss become a passing cloud, like a bright horizon that divided the clear sky and turbid earth. Foolish girls liked to adorn themselves with jewels, but noble girls were full of spiritual aspirations. She was willing to pick a blue star and set it on the heart of love... Lanying broke the silence and said to the painter in a deep voice: "Don't mention those things of your past to me again. I don't think you've made a mistake…"<br />
<br />
画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子 ,也是有限的宽恕,一切还同过去一样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "But everyone else thinks so. Even if they took the hat off, the forgiveness would be limited, and everything would be the same as before. You can't associate with people like me. You must consider the consequences."<br />
<br />
“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
<br />
"I don't care about the consequences. No matter what other people think, I trust my instincts."<br />
<br />
“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are your instincts?"<br />
<br />
“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
<br />
"My instinct is that you are talented!"<br />
<br />
这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激动的光辉:“世上有才华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
<br />
It was the highest praise for an "enemy of society”. Her tone showed a significant preference, which should bring enough relief to the painter. But the painter stood there with a stoney expression. The radiance of excitement in his gaze was worn away: "There are many talented people in the world, including glorious victors and miserable losers. Why do you prefer me? You’ll regret it in the future…"<br />
<br />
难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把才华糟蹋得像一块抹布的年月里,这句话,他不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子无才便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,才华再也不是令知识分子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
<br />
No wonder the painter reacted indifferently. It was not the first time he had heard the phrase in the years when his talent was ruined like a rag. Anyone could give it to him. Beneath the hypocritical compliment was a deliberate mockery. "A woman without talent is virtuous", now also applied to men. Even if he was trampled underfoot, mercilessly flogged, covering with cuts and bruises, they could pat him on the shoulder and told him to get up and go to work. At that time, talent was no longer a flower that made intellectuals have smug feelings, but a bitter medicine that touched their feelings of sorrow.<br />
<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
<br />
Lanying’s and the painter's eyes met. The painter's eyes, probing and frank, with a deep flame of self-esteem and some expectations, shot all the way to the girl's heart. Lanying could not resist this stare that could penetrate through everything, and her heart was shivering…<br />
<br />
兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费力气地获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被搞得阴阳颠倒！一时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到一颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙一样晶莹闪烁。<br />
<br />
Lanying suddenly remembered that it was her second meeting with the painter, in this quiet mountain forest, a secluded valley far away from the city. Wasn't today Women's Day? Ordinarily, he could easily win the girl’s heart with his gentleness and gallantry. However, he brought frustration, which couldn’t wait to broke the girl's calm. He said the truth, revealed the hidden pain, casting ominous clouds. He knew that it could cause irreversible consequences, but insisted on doing it. What exactly was it for? How upright and poised he was! Why was such a person said to be a terrible devil? The vanished soul? Life was so unfair! Honesty for disaster, cunning for glory, how much right and wrong in the world had been turned upside down! For a moment, Lanying felt that the ravine, valley and river in front of her had been filled in. Through the evening mist, she saw a sincere heart, glittering and shining like agates.<br />
<br />
兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
<br />
Lanying said excitedly, "I decided."<br />
<br />
画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "You love me?"<br />
<br />
“喜欢。”<br />
<br />
"Yes."<br />
<br />
“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
<br />
"What do I have to be loved?"<br />
<br />
“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
<br />
"Because you are honest, and love needs honesty."<br />
<br />
画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝 里滚动。<br />
<br />
The painter's whole body shocked, and he threw himself on the girl and buried his head in her arms. In one moment, the strong man turned into a child that curled up, with tears welling up in his eyes.<br />
<br />
一弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
<br />
A crescent moon rose. The ancient pagoda was solemn, and the bamboo forest whispered. The bright silver light shined on the girl, who was like a silver statue of goddess.<br />
<br />
画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
<br />
The painter was like embracing a treasure that he never wanted to lose. For many years, he lived and behaved with integrity, and infatuated with art. But no one had ever given such an evaluation on him. Today, the girl judged his conscience, filling his lonely heart with light. He was satisfied and relieved, feeling that he got the greatest reward for the hardship he had suffered for years…<br />
<br />
双桥<br />
<br />
Shuangqiao<br />
<br />
当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢——充当囚犯, 颠沛流离 ,饱尝辛酸……<br />
<br />
Contemporary artists have great passions to pursue their own artistic styles, and those who had suffered misfortune had unique styles that could not be replaced by others. Who wants to repeat their experience--to be a prisoner, to wander, to endure all kinds of hardships…<br />
<br />
翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
<br />
Open Repin’s collection, and look at ''Barge Haulers on the Volga''.<br />
<br />
我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石磙,弓着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下一闪一闪。<br />
<br />
There is a picture similar to ''Barge Haulers on the Volga'' before us, a living picture. The sun was hot, and the air was burning. On the golden wheat field, a young man pulled a stone roller with the posture of the barge hauler on the Volga. He bowed, head down, with a rope trip on his shoulder, hands almost down to the ground. Sweat was running down his bare back, glowing and winking in the sun.<br />
<br />
这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是最年轻的一个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石磙,一拉就是一天。<br />
<br />
This was Shuangqiao Farm in Beijing, one of the earliest state farms, which was famous for its mechanized production. But the artists from the Central Academy of Fine Arts did the work like animal labor. Yuan Yunsheng was the youngest among more than twenty people, who volunteered to do the heaviest work. He pulled the stone roller on the wheat field all day.<br />
<br />
二十几个人住在一间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。几年前,在他们头顶上发生的 那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成为一门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向两极。<br />
<br />
More than twenty people lived in a large room, with shabby windows and doors, and flies and mosquitoes flying freely in and out. There were two rows of wide beds for a number of people and tables made of wooden boards in the room. The dean, professors, teaching assistants and students were equally treated here. The explosion that happened above their heads a few years ago caused different reactions in each of them. Some were silent, some were endlessly repentant, some were calm, and some were trembling, just as the mechanics of the explosion developed into a unique craft, capable of both destruction and construction, making their spiritual models distinctly polarized.<br />
<br />
袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头一个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,一头畜力转眼间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng returned to the room from the wheat field, his first action was to fall on the drawing board by the bed. The animal became an artist with glittering eyes at once, just like the miracle of a magic show by a magician. With the drawing board under his arm, he looked for prey everywhere. He was the master of everything in the territory of visual image.<br />
<br />
他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着他。试问 ,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展示了情景交融的空间——略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
<br />
He doggedly innovated, of his own accord and under duress. He had to reform through labor, and made art at the same time, who needed to adapt to the new environment because he could not leisurely portray objects like oil painters. Applying the achievements of line modeling in Chinese painting to Western oil painting, which was a hazy pursuit before, now became a bright flame that attracted him strongly. Who had ever seen the existence of "line" in life? And he saw it. He observed the layers of light, analyzed the light and plane of the object, trying to grasp the moment when a plane met another plane. The changing, transitional, and wonderful division showed clear lines on the retina, which commanded the hand and pen through the processing of the brain, the exaggeration of emphasis and the appropriate deformation, drawing firm or soft lines on the sketch, as simple as Chinese paintings, as precise as Western paintings, like a Peking Opera artist on an empty stage, showing the space that feelings mingled with scenes with his nuanced hand movements, expression of eyes and body motions--a remarkable painting language that was slight but not empty, with real in its emptiness.<br />
<br />
他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
<br />
He figured it out. Since his paintings would never be cared again, let alone exhibited, he could let his pen draw freely. During the days in the farm, he made more than two thousand sketches with pens, brushes and pencils, far more than the number of assignments for students in fine art colleges. With heavy work and strong foundation, he went toward his goal. A large pile of sketches on his bedside was the accumulation of his faith and the ocean of spirit.<br />
<br />
住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
<br />
Among the people living in the same room, there was a stern elder who often watched the young painter's behaviors. He was Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy. Jiang Feng's gaze was astonished. He didn’t know his student before, but now he was touched by Yuan Yunsheng's enthusiasm for hard work and advancement.<br />
<br />
“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去！”<br />
<br />
"I really don't understand why the student like you should be labeled as a 'rightist'?" Jiang Feng said to Yuan Yunsheng, "Draw it. As long as you think it's right, you can draw it according to your will!"<br />
<br />
这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
<br />
It was the direct teaching Yuan Yunsheng heard from the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, not in the grand academy, but in the hard adversity. This teaching impressed him forever.<br />
<br />
一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
<br />
One day, people living in the same room held a review meeting. Some of them confessed as usual, but Jiang Feng declaimed, criticizing the proneness to boasting and exaggeration in publicity, the disconnect between economic policy and economic base, and the hazards of "Left" opportunism, just like a level-headed politician without the slightest self-consciousness of an offender. He was still him, maintaining human dignity, and exercising the rights of the brain and mouth. Yuan Yunsheng listened, filled with admiration.<br />
<br />
散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特儿是清癯的、憔悴的,一副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出一个美的灵魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
<br />
After the meeting, Jiang Feng read a book with his head on the desk. Yuan Yunsheng quietly picked up the drawing board and looked towards him. The model in front of him was skinny and haggard, with a contemplative look. However, in the painter's mind, a beautiful soul was reflected, as hard and transparent as diamonds. The painter used his brush to draw a portrait of him with ease and verve.<br />
<br />
“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
<br />
"Oh, I'm much thinner than before." Jiang Feng took the sketch and said with emotion, "Leave this painting to me. You and I have a memorable friendship…"<br />
<br />
这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
<br />
The sketch was paired with a frame, hanging in Jiang Feng's home for many years.<br />
<br />
一个被撤职的党委书记,一个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
<br />
A dismissed secretary of the Party Committee, and a young man forced to stop school. Neither of their personalities were distorted under the weight. Once the personality had overcome the ordeal, it was like cast iron. It was the same to admit it or not.<br />
<br />
雨纷纷<br />
<br />
The Drizzling Water <br />
<br />
画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业分配。<br />
<br />
The painter parted with Lanying in Suzhou and returned to Changchun. They exchanged letters from time to time. A year later, Lanying was facing job assignment after graduation.<br />
<br />
东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降临头上。<br />
<br />
The Northeast was very unfamiliar to Lanying. In her imagination, it was distant borderlands covered with snow and ice, a terrible place so cold that the nose, ears and chin could be frozen off. None of the students wanted to be assigned to the Northeast. They were used to the affluent conditions and warm climate of lands of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River, and the mere mention of the Northeast made their hair stand on end, as if the doom of exile had fallen on their heads. <br />
<br />
兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
<br />
Lanying was regardless of anything. In the girl's mind, where he was, there was spring, and there was a bonfire! She was willing to suffer cold and hunger just by his side.<br />
<br />
当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying proposed to the organization of his aspiration for assignment, the other side was shocked: “Ah, you already have a boyfriend! How long have you known each other? What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
姑娘一五一十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住 。<br />
<br />
The girl answered one by one. She thought that it could not be hidden sooner or later.<br />
<br />
兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象力,把故事编得像田园牧歌一样美妙——<br />
<br />
Lanying’s story spread through the college. Oral litterateurs were not lack in imagination, and made up the story as beautiful as an idyllic pastoral--<br />
<br />
“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
<br />
"Hey, did you hear? Lanying asked to be assigned to Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
<br />
"So far away! Why do you want to go there?"<br />
<br />
“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子。”<br />
<br />
"She met a boyfriend, one of the most beautiful men in Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那个人干什么的?”<br />
<br />
"What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
<br />
"He's an actor at Changchun Film Studio. He acted many movies."<br />
<br />
“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
<br />
"Of course it is good to have an actor as boyfriend. He can go everywhere in the country. <br />
Studios are in big cities, and Lanying can be transferred to wherever she likes!"<br />
<br />
但是,在学校的一间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
<br />
But in a small room of the college, Lanying's head was under the weight of thousand pounds, and furious and disappointed eyes were cast at him: “You are too naïve in politics. Who is he? A ‘rightist', who is anti-Party and anti-socialist. Who are you? The descendant of revolutionary martyrs, member of the Communist Youth League, and the Party organization's development target. Won’t you feel sorry about your dead parents? And the Party?<br />
<br />
兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了……”<br />
<br />
Lanying argued: "His hat had been taken off…"<br />
<br />
“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样一个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣个黑锅背一辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
<br />
"Whether his hat had been taken off or not, it was all the same. If one has such a family, he could not shake it off. But you want to have the injustice and carry it for the rest of your life. How silly you are!"<br />
<br />
“我乐意……”<br />
<br />
"I don’t care…"<br />
<br />
“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍白,四肢麻木,像是一个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
<br />
"Don’t say any more! You are already his prisoner, standing on a cliff. You have to break off with him, and never meet him again. If he writes to you, you hand it over to the organization to deal with!" Lanying sat in a corner of the room, pale and numb, like a rebel on trial. What did she have to say? A simple-hearted girl confided in others the secret of love for the first time, who should receive happy congratulations. However, she received brutal reprimand and forced interferences, and it was useless to argue with them. She dragged herself back to the dormitory.<br />
<br />
更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她,好像她做了什么亏心事。一颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
<br />
What was harder to bear was the mute weight. Her classmates looked at her with scorn and whispered about her as if she had done something against conscience. A pearl once held in the palm of the hand suddenly became the object of ridicule, so that she tasted the fickleness of the world, the ups and downs of fate, and aroused a strong feeling of rebellion.<br />
<br />
她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨——爸爸生前的战友。<br />
<br />
She wrote a letter and sent it to an aunt in Hangzhou, a former comrade of her father.<br />
<br />
阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
<br />
The aunt soon sent a telegram, asking her to go to Hangzhou and talking with her face to face.<br />
<br />
兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空一样阴郁。<br />
<br />
When she arrived in Hangzhou, it was drizzling. The aunt took her to her residence, and was very hospitable with smile, trying to make her happy. However, Lanying's face looked sad, as gloomy as the sky.<br />
<br />
“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说，“我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
<br />
"What if you worry yourself into illness?” The aunt said, "Let me go out for a walk with you.”<br />
<br />
她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
<br />
They went to Orioles Singing in the Willows of the West Lake with an umbrella.<br />
<br />
西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
<br />
The West Lake was silvery gray in front of Lanying. The sky was silver, and the water was silver. The atmosphere was drifting with silver powder that looked like rain but not rain, which he could not feel, and her clothes seemed to be getting wet but not.<br />
<br />
兰英的眉心舒展 了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
<br />
Lanying felt more comfortable: "The scenery here is so beautiful!"<br />
<br />
“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢，”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍一个男朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证会喜欢他……”<br />
<br />
"It is worth coming here, right. There is another happy thing," said the aunt with a smile, "I’ll introduce to you a boyfriend. He is a member of the party and does confidential work in the army. He is handsome and you are well-matched in age. I’m sure that as long as you are willing to meet him, you are going to like him…"<br />
<br />
兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
<br />
Lanying was on the alert at once: "Did you invite me here just for this?"<br />
<br />
阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养感情嘛……”<br />
<br />
The aunt said: "I’m doing this for your own good. The relationship needs to be cultivated. You don’t have a relationship with him now, but you can cultivate it…"<br />
<br />
姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进一团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲径好像布满陷阱。一种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。给你!”<br />
<br />
The girl only felt that her chest was stuffed with a mess. The beautiful scenery of the West Lake had become nasty, and the winding path under her feet seemed to be fraught with pitfalls. A feeling of being fooled came over her, and she said angrily: "I don't want to see anyone. Here you are!"<br />
<br />
兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
<br />
Lanying shoved the umbrella into the aunt's hand, turned and ran away through the cold rain. Behind her, the lake water lapped at the shore, making a rhythmic sound, like heaving sighs…<br />
<br />
回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
<br />
Back to the residence, the first thing Lanying did was to pack things, ready to return to Suzhou. The aunt came over and said calmly, "Lanying, I know your temper. Once you have decided something, no one can persuade you…"<br />
<br />
“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
<br />
"I appreciate that you know it." The girl said tonelessly.<br />
<br />
“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好好谈谈吧……”<br />
<br />
"I have only one request." said the aunt, "Since you came to Hangzhou, it does not hurt to stay one more day. Let's talk about it in the evening…"<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
<br />
At night, Lanying and the aunt sat face to face by lamplight.<br />
<br />
“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I trust your eyes. The person you like must be good." The aunt said calmly. “Our party implements a policy of uniting and reforming intellectuals, and people like him still have a role to play."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "I thought the same thing…"<br />
<br />
“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们一些好处。打个比喻吧,好比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那些人再好,也不能使用。你多想一想吧……”<br />
<br />
"But let me tell you more detailed information." The aunt said, "At present, we do not have a team of intellectuals of our own. If we don’t rely on them, who can we rely on? If we want to use them, we have to give them some benefits. To use an analogy, it is like a jelly bean to coax children. The little sweetness will soon melt. When our own team grows up, they can’t be used anymore no matter how good they are. Think more about it…”<br />
<br />
姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头一次听说,在政策的背后还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
<br />
After the girl listened to the thorough analysis, she was bewildered. She heard for the first time that there were policies behind a policy. The infinite mysteries of life were enough for her to digest slowly.<br />
<br />
这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。一个势单力孤的女子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越 ,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为一个农家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
<br />
That night, Lanying lost sleep. At the deadest time of the night, she was thinking about the painter who was far away and gradually came to realize that there were more serious obstacles between them than ice, snow, storms, mountains and rivers. A weak woman, powerless to push away the weight of society, tradition and mentality, felt that the future was infinitely uncertain. Did the girl regret having fallen in love with him? She could not find a reason to condemn herself. Their love was witnessed by the green hill and bright moon, without a trace of dust. She could only regret that she came from a privileged background and was fully favored, so that her love was also shackled. The girl would rather be reborn again for him… She fell asleep in a daze and had a sweet dream that she was transformed into a farm girl and met the painter among the white mountain and the black water. The whole world was pure as if it was covered with silver and jade… When she woke up, she found that it was just a delusional dream. The fate had been doomed, and everything was irreversible. The girl was desperate, with hot tears like a broken line of beads, from the cheeks constantly rolling down...<br />
<br />
第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看一看就会明白的。”<br />
<br />
The next day, the aunt put a magazine in front of Lanying: "This is what I found from the library, you will understand if you read it."<br />
<br />
这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到一篇文章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的一小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的题目——<br />
<br />
It was a magazine of ''Fine Arts'' published in that year. With trembling hands, Lanying opened the pages and found an article. The article criticized an oil painting by Yuan Yunsheng and included a photo of it. What was that? The painting was shrunken into a small and pitiful piece that could not be seen clearly. The girl finally found the title of the painting--<br />
<br />
水乡记忆<br />
<br />
Memory of the Water Town<br />
<br />
“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
<br />
"It’s okay. It’s okay. It would burn if you continue frying it."<br />
<br />
“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
<br />
"Be gentle, don't let others hear it."<br />
<br />
“我先尝尝——哈,又香又脆!”<br />
<br />
"Let me taste it first--ha, it’s delicious and crispy!"<br />
<br />
“放开肚皮吧 ,反正不花钱……”<br />
<br />
"Tuck in. It doesn’t cost money anyway…"<br />
<br />
袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng lying in bed, heard the laughter, the sizzle of boiling oil, and the greedy sound of chewing from next door, along with the aroma of fried oil cakes, keeping him awake at night. <br />
<br />
这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择一处乡土气息浓厚的地区深入生活 ,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓库隔壁的一间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传口号消失了,生理本能在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是一出率先占有填充材料的喜剧。<br />
<br />
This was the warehouse of the production team, located in a small town near Suzhou. Not long ago, Yuan Yunsheng returned to the Central Academy of Fine Arts from Shuangqiao Farm, and got back to Professor Dong Xiwen's studio to learn from him. The teacher suggested him to choose an area with a strong local flavor to plunge into the thick of life, collecting materials for his graduation work. He came to a town in the regions south of the Yangtze River and was assigned to a hut next to the production team's warehouse as the accommodation. It was a time of national economic hardship, and the water town, which was praised as “the earthly paradise", was also facing the threat of starvation. The fanatical slogan that was once popular disappeared and physiological instincts took effect in people, which was first shown in the town's cadres. In order to fill a few people’s bellies, they went harm to the group, compressing others’ bellies. The late-night performance was a comedy of being the first to take possession of the filling material.<br />
<br />
袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng rolled over in bed, causing a few rats to crawl out beside the pillow and hop around on him.<br />
<br />
“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
<br />
"There’s a noise!" The man next door said, "Should we ask that painter to come?"<br />
<br />
“别理他!”<br />
<br />
"Don’t mind him!"<br />
<br />
……<br />
<br />
这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预一下也无可厚非 。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
<br />
This was the material of real life! Paint it. Since "art was subordinate to politics", there was nothing wrong with intervening in such life. The painter lay in bed, his heart flowing with the feeling of concerning for the country and the people.<br />
<br />
然而,夜间的梦寐 并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
<br />
However, the dream at night did not leave the painter with a deep impression. He had his own understanding of the function of art. He came here for pursuit of the beauty in life, and the dust of life could not cloud the artist's heart of gold. The place he went to during the day gave satisfaction to his pursuit. A few weeks later, he returned to Beijing with everything that he wanted.<br />
<br />
回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,一股不可遏制的创作冲动驱使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去一个晚上的时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
<br />
One day after returning to Beijing, he leaned on his bed and thought after dinner. An uncontrollable impulse of creation drove him to pick up the brush and readily draw on the draft paper, the tip of the brush as smooth as floating clouds and flowing water. In only one night, he sketched out his graduation work.<br />
<br />
他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
<br />
He took the sketch to visit Teacher Dong Xiwen. The teacher looked at it and said: "I think it is distinctive. The workload is not small. Get on with it!"<br />
<br />
他把行李卷、画布和油彩,一股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上一摊,不分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
<br />
He moved the bedding roll, canvases and oil paints into the large warehouse of the college. This warehouse was used to store large-scale cultural relics, including a tall stone camel, an excavated stone horse and a stone tiger in front of the tomb of the Han Dynasty general Huo Qubing. The floor was covered with thick dust, and the walls were covered with cobwebs, like a gloomy old castle. He spread the bedding roll on the floor, and worked day and night. The stone tiger and horse watched a young painter working like a maniac. Two months later, Yuan Yunsheng asked someone to help him lift out a huge oil painting.<br />
<br />
这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
<br />
The painting was titled ''Memory of the Water Town''.<br />
<br />
《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优 ”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的分数都不肯给。<br />
<br />
''Memory of the Water Town'' became the topic of conversation in the circle of art. The doyens of painting such as Dong Xiwen, Ye Qianyu and Huang Yongyu praised it, who argued that his graduation grade should be “excellent”. Some others shook their heads and frowned, refusing to give him even a passing grade.<br />
<br />
水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
<br />
What was the memory of the water town for the young painter?<br />
<br />
画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
<br />
In the picture is a small bridge common in Suzhou, which is the style of traditional architectural left over from the Ming Dynasty, with exquisite structure, decorated with delicate sculpted reliefs. The two sides of the bridge show the houses, streets and the lively scene of the market trading during the Spring Festival.<br />
<br />
看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。一个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开一张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。一个淳朴的小女孩刚才卖掉一只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着一桩桩美好的故事——人们在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
<br />
Look, there are people setting up the stage for Beijing opera performance, there are people selling New Year's pictures, and there are people selling grain and vegetables, so lively. A beautiful country girl spreads out a newspaper at her feet and sets bunches of flowers on it, expecting people to visit. A simple little girl has just sold a lamb. Perhaps because the cute little animal was fed by her hands when growing up, she sees it being taken away, showing a look of melancholy... With the strong national style and local customs and practices, the painter drew hundreds of lifelike characters, around the stone bridge to tell good stories -- people exchanged their results of hard work a year here, and were pleased and gratified by the rich and colorful folk recreations.<br />
<br />
桥下是一泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
<br />
Under the bridge is clear, rippling and sparkling. The dark-awninged boats, small wooden boats and barges carrying purchases for the Spring Festival are so close to each other, and brush past the others. The boatmen are all humble, avoiding each other, and quickly giving the way for the neighboring boats. A young man lies leisurely on the bow of the boat, the sunlight sprinkling over his face, and thinks with a vision of the future…<br />
<br />
这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举世无双的韧性——走向明天!<br />
<br />
Weren’t the small bridge and the river the reappearance of our national features! Our nation suffered a lot, and was at a very difficult time; however, our indomitable national spirit was not destroyed by the disaster. We were strong, confident and optimistic, emphasized courtesy, and maintained great dignity, with a slow rhythm, calm pace, and resilience that was unparalleled in the world--towards tomorrow!<br />
<br />
谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
<br />
Who could have guessed that the original idea of this painting was conceived in that hut in the water town, that shady with mice hopping around, adjacent to the evil. What a contrast between the hard work of the people, the innocence of the painter, and the greed, selfishness and deceit just a wall away! The painter brushed away the shadows of life, and used painting language to express his deep love for his country and people with good wishes. This was the self-analysis of the painter's mind and character!<br />
<br />
当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩 ,年画的敦厚朴实和壁画的装饰趣味。<br />
<br />
When ''Memory of the Water Town'' was put on public display, hanging in the auditorium of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, the response from the audience was enthusiastic. Some people left comments, some took pictures, and some copied it. Just in terms of its innovation in artistic style, people were amazed by it. The author put aside the "three unities" of plot devices of Western oil painting and the traditional perspective rules, and adopted the ingenious technique of cavalier perspective of Chinese painting, so as to make the independent stories on the picture blend together. When portraying the characters, the author masterly used the tools of Western oil painting, boldly used line modeling, and absorbed the exaggeration of the ancient art of pottery figurines to depict images of the figures with different expressions. The painting had the splendor and magnificence of oil painting, the exact delineation and heavy colors of Chinese painting, the sincerity and simplicity of New Year’s picture and the decorative interest of fresco. <br />
<br />
把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为一炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿了吧！<br />
<br />
It was the author's dream to integrate the ancient and modern, Chinese and Western painting arts into one. His dream should come true!<br />
<br />
但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
<br />
However, the fate of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was suddenly reversed, which was taken off the wall of the exhibition hall and thrown into the garbage dump where scraps were stored. Later, a young man who loved table tennis found its value and dragged it behind the table to use it as a baffle to block the ball. Later, a student from the art history department felt bad for it and secretly cut it down with a scissor, folded it up, and pressed it under the bed in the dormitory. However, the college reported it to the police in panic, bringing in the comrades in the department of public safety to enter the college to reconnoiter, as if searching for an indecent prohibited thing. Finally, the enthusiastic collector had to hand it over, and the campus loudspeaker immediately broadcasted that it was "another victory in paying great attention to class struggle".<br />
<br />
离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着一堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的路口只亮着一盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
<br />
Was it bizarre? Not really. The climate was changing, three years of hardship passed, the fairs trade in the countryside was banned, and the days of hunger were forgotten. Today's politics made new requirements on yesterday's art, and it was time for the painter to be spanked. The author of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was faced with lots of questions that he could never answer: Why didn't you paint a tractor? Why didn't you paint the wheat field with a good harvest? Why didn't paint… Among all the criticisms, no one had ever accused him of not painting the scene next door that night, though such phenomena were a well-known fact. There was only one green light at the intersection of literary criticism: turning left. The artist who stayed true to the art went straight ahead and was denounced as being too "right".<br />
<br />
中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出作者的艺术才能。”<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, once said with emotion: "If this painting had not been damaged, and had been put on display, I can predict that the audience would have rehabilitated him. Even in this tentative work, we can see the artistic talent of the author."<br />
<br />
只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世——其中也包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, the remains of the painting couldn’t be found. The only memorial it had left was a pathetically small picture, accompanied by a critical article that sounded plausible, published in a corner of ''Fine Arts''. The painter should feel honored that it was the first time his work had been made into a zincograph, and printed, spreading around the world--including the one in front of Lanying.<br />
<br />
月台边<br />
<br />
At the Edge of the Platform<br />
<br />
兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
<br />
The second morning Lanying spent in Hangzhou was the most painful time for her.<br />
<br />
阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子 ,还会累及子女。<br />
<br />
The aunt stood beside her as her guardian, and pointed to the magazine as if she had found a powerful proof. The aunt said that a man like Yuan Yunsheng would not correct his mistake, and others would not tolerate him. It would be a lifelong mistake to combine with him, never seeing the light in the future and implicating the children.<br />
<br />
那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘与画家结合 的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
<br />
The magazine did not frighten the girl’s love away, but made her feel the seriousness of the problem. It seemed that it was not only the aunt, the college, but also the whole society that prevented her from being bound with the painter. It seemed that everyone except the girl was cursing him and splashing dirty water on the painter. Did the girl still have the courage to go towards him? Talking about the future children, those innocent babies that would follow the adults and spend their whole life in the mud, Lanying's heart was softened.<br />
<br />
这是一场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
<br />
It was an irresistible spiritual siege. Lanying hunched over the table and burst into tears…<br />
<br />
阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效力,递过一支笔、一张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
<br />
Seeing the effect of her good intention, the aunt handed over a pen and a piece of paper: "Writing him a letter and making it clear, you’ll feel comfortable. If he really loves you, he will not give you trouble again…"<br />
<br />
兰英接过纸笔。<br />
<br />
Lanying took the paper and pen.<br />
<br />
她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家能够得到另一个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后一个字,信纸上满是斑斑泪痕。<br />
<br />
She wrote a very firm statement, cutting off communication with the painter, and didn’t explain anything. She took the responsibility, saying that she was willing to pay the lifelong price for her impulse and would never get married again. In her letter, she wished the painter to get another girl who would love him as much as she did… When she finished the letter, it was blotted with tears.<br />
<br />
阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
<br />
The aunt took it over to have a look and sighed: "Look, the handwriting was wet with tears. It’ll make him suspect that you are not really want to break up with him ......"<br />
<br />
“本来就是被迫的！”兰英没好气地说。<br />
<br />
"It was forced!" Lanying said angrily.<br />
<br />
阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
<br />
The aunt finally got the written pledge and was relieved, sealing the envelope with her own hands, sticking a stamp on it, and taking it to the post office.<br />
<br />
兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将把信撕得粉碎,一赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下 ,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净……<br />
<br />
Lanying returned to Suzhou from Hangzhou, and felt every day like a year, repeatedly imagining the painter's reaction. The painter would be furious, wouldn’t he? Lanying really did not want to add a new scar to the painter's heart, which had been badly wounded, so she did not write irritating words in the letter. But the painter would understand the reason for the change. The letter had already constituted a contempt and insult to him. Would he rip it up and decide not to write back in a fit of anger? Or would he bow to his fate and fall into a depression? Or, the girl's worries were superfluous. Men were men, who were easy come and easy go. He would wipe the girl out of his memory, completely forgetting her.<br />
<br />
兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
<br />
The last thing that Lanying wanted to happen was the latter situation.<br />
<br />
画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
<br />
The painter wrote back with stiff words. He agreed to break up, without a hint of a pleading tone, with only one last condition, asking Lanying to come to Changchun and explain the reason face to face.<br />
<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
<br />
Like hearing an echo from an empty valley, Lanying ran into the college office clasping the letter.<br />
<br />
姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
<br />
The girl placed the letter on the table and said: "Please allow me to go to Changchun."<br />
<br />
对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
<br />
After reading the painter's letter, the other party looked up and asked, "Is this the last meeting?"<br />
<br />
“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
<br />
"Yes." The girl said, "We're very determined."<br />
<br />
学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
<br />
The college could not say the reason for refusing the girl and let her go. On the day of the girl’s departure, the school made a long-distance call to Changchun, asking the painter's unit to cooperate and pay attention to the actions of Lanying and the painter, promoting both sides to break off the relationship.<br />
<br />
火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人头攒动的月台上,她一眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
<br />
The train was flying along, the vast fields passing outside the window. The girl was anxious. She was longing for the scenery of the Northeast in her dream before, but this journey didn’t leave any impression on her. She only remembered the moment the train arrived in Changchun, when she saw the painter with a pale face at a glance on the crowded platform.<br />
<br />
兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
<br />
When Lanying stepped out of the train, the painter was coming up. He still held the sketchbook in his hand, pretending to be calm. However, his tired and dark look, holding back great pain, could not escape the girl's keen eyes. It was exactly what the girl hoped to see, and a thrill of joy rose in her heart. <br />
<br />
画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
<br />
The painter stopped at the edge of the platform, keeping a few steps from the girl.<br />
<br />
“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
<br />
"Please answer now," the painter's voice was like the low roar of a wild animal, "why do you change your mind? Why do you bend to the will of others?"<br />
<br />
姑娘把旅行袋往前一递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听懂是什么意思。<br />
<br />
The girl handed her travel bag forward: "Do you think I come to Changchun to negotiate with you?" The painter was stunned, not understanding what it meant.<br />
<br />
“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑一趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
<br />
"You fool! If I want to break up with you, do I need to come all the way here?" The girl smiled sweetly, "There is a long way to go, and you need to be tested!"<br />
<br />
明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解——那些无尽无休的劝说、挑唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
<br />
The bright sunlight returned to the painter's face. He even forgot to pick up the girl's bag, and was so excited that he didn’t know what to do. The girl dodged back a little, really afraid that the guy who lost his mind in front of him would throw himself into her arms in full view of a large crowd with no regard for the customs of the country… The consensus reached the Changchun negotiation--those endless persuasions, instigation and restraint were really tiresome that decisive actions had to be taken to get rid of it.<br />
<br />
兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同财产,是一条印花双人床单。在一间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
<br />
Lanying and the painter married in the summer vacation after graduation. The wedding was held in Changchun, without relatives officiating, and classmates congratulating. The only gift they received was a blouse given by Yuan Yunfu to his sister-in-law; the new common property was a printed double bed sheet. In a temporary borrowed hut, they performed a solemn ceremony of life. Lanying spent her honeymoon in disassembling and washing the bedding for the former bachelor. The short honeymoon ended as Lanying's reporting date approached.<br />
<br />
人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
<br />
The Queen Mother of the world was not willing to give in after all, and deliberately laid a galaxy between them.<br />
<br />
兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽容——除了东北三省之外,其他任何一个城市都行。实心眼儿的 姑娘把手指放在地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
<br />
Lanying's place of work was chosen from the map. When she was assigned after graduation, the college gave her lenient conditions--any city except the three provinces of the northeast. The honest girl put her finger on the map and found the nearest place to the Northeast along the railway line. Her finger crossed Beijing, Tianjin, and rested on a small circle south of Shanhaiguan: Tangshan. She thought that it was the ideal crossing of the Milky Way on earth.<br />
<br />
她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着一块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生活无法自理。直到这时,她才感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
<br />
Not long after she arrived in Tangshan, she was caught in an "unprecedented" storm. With marches, rebellions, and two factions fighting with each other with machetes and spears, the whole city fell into primitive tribal strife. Lanying was alone and lived in uncertainty in troubled times. The annual visits to her husband comforted her a little in spirit. Later, she was pregnant. The overwork and poor living conditions caused Lanying to suffer from lumbar spine strain. Her back was like carrying a heavy iron plate, and she couldn’t roll over in bed. There was no one to make fires in the house, and the flimsy door and windows could not withstand the cold wind. The lumbar disease made her stiff and unable to take care of herself. By this time, she felt that she needed her husband by her side so much…<br />
<br />
画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到一份工作,又赶到唐山,好不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户口的证件。至此,他们已经两地分居六年了。<br />
<br />
The painter went around and asked, and finally found a job for his wife in a hospital in Changchun, and then rushed to Tangshan. With difficulty, he passed many hurdles and got the documents to switch his wife’s job and transfer her registered permanent residence. So far, they had been living apart for six years.<br />
<br />
兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西——优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。耿耿 银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
<br />
When Lanying sat on the train, the platform in Changchun moving in front of her eyes again, she could not help but have mixed feelings. For six years, she lost a lot of things out of her own volition--a bright future in politics, a beautiful youth and excellent conditions. The corners of her pretty eyes were covered with worry lines, and her beautiful cheeks became sallow with a gaunt appearance. She paid a huge price for the ordinary life of ordinary people, and a charge of "the family member of a rightist whose hat was taken off”. The Milky Way was in front of her, and there were the same strict rituals in heaven and on earth. <br />
<br />
陋室铭<br />
<br />
The Humble Room<br />
<br />
破木桌上摊开一张纸片,一只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
<br />
A piece of paper was spread out on the broken wooden table, and a small hand holding the brush, applied watercolor to the paper. Round, square and irregular blocks of color appeared under the brush, representing different still life: the round one was a washtub, the square one was an old wooden box, and the irregular one was a diaper on a clothesline…<br />
<br />
这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
<br />
It was the artist's son sketching. He was born in Changchun, and no matter how difficult the path of his parents' life was, he grew up according to the laws of nature, until he was old enough to grasp a brush with his little hand. <br />
<br />
小屋只有14平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, 一排大连铺占去三分之二的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
<br />
The house was only 14 square meters. A little sister added to the family, and four of them were crammed into a small space, with a large bed taking up two thirds of the area. The broken wooden table in front of the window was the dad's workbench at ordinary times, and the son's bed at night. The rest of the space was for cooking and washing clothes, and there was no extra space.<br />
<br />
眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
<br />
The artist's son had painted the scene in front of him more than once, which was his first subject of contact with life. This lovely third generation in new China repeatedly painted with the most beautiful colors in his young mind, and had accumulated dozens of sketches. Whenever the neighbors came to visit, he would take out his works and show them off in front of them. However, the comments he heard were very disappointing: "Alas, Lanying, why does your precious son only paint the slums?"<br />
<br />
兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
<br />
Lanying gave a wry smile. What could she say? All her son painted were things in her house.<br />
<br />
兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头一样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
<br />
After Lanying moved to Changchun, she took on heavy housework and lived a hard life. She was used to eating ready-made meals in the canteen before, and never cooked; by this time, she was distressed to find that it was more difficult to steam the corn cake without turning souring than to perform a surgical operation in the hospital. For a long time, the steamed corn cakes, steamed bread of corn and steamed buns that the whole family ate were unbearably sour and hard like stones. The children still gobbled them up as if they natively tasted like that.<br />
<br />
家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱一个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭 。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
<br />
The family's finances were tight. The total income of two college graduates could not keep up with the increase of family members and the rise of commodity prices. The son was lucky enough to eat cake for a few days when he was a child. When it was the daughter's turn, the parents could no longer afford to buy cakes, so they had to buy bread that was a dime per piece to give the children a treat. Later, the parents brought home discounted black bread. Even so, the children were so happy, smiling from ear to ear.<br />
<br />
他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
<br />
They pinched and scraped, but still spent more than their income. At the end of every month, Lanying and the painter would empty out their pockets face to face.<br />
<br />
“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, we haven't bought the meat for this month yet." Lanying said.<br />
<br />
“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
<br />
"Let’s buy it." The painter said, "It's Sunday. It’s time to improve a meal."<br />
<br />
妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服口袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
<br />
The wife had been penniless for a while. The painter turned his pockets inside out to scrap up enough money to buy a catty of meat.<br />
<br />
儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
<br />
The son, who had already prepared a small snow sled and waited there, took the money and ran away with joy.<br />
<br />
过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
<br />
After a while, the son's cheer came from the door: "Come on, the meat is bought back!"<br />
<br />
画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
<br />
The painter and his wife ran out to greet it, but they were stunned: "Where's the meat?"<br />
<br />
儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚才他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤肉颠得没影了……<br />
<br />
My son looked back and saw that the snow sled was empty. He was too happy and run too fast, the catty of meat tossed away…<br />
<br />
“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
<br />
As the "buyer" had never failed in his duty, he became downhearted this time. The painter and Lanying had to comfort their son, holding his embarrassed little face and laughing.<br />
<br />
儿子也笑了。一场精神上的欢笑 代替了假日的会餐。<br />
<br />
The son laughed too. A time of mirth in spirit replaced the holiday meal.<br />
<br />
在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, the so-called "spiritual aristocrats" were finding jobs for themselves. Some decorated the facade of restaurants and hotels, painting some pictures to exchange bottles of wine and whole cases of fish. Some were busy with their household sidelines, producing modern furniture by hand. Others worked as art tutors, and if the students they taught had good backgrounds, their situations would soon be improved. But Yuan Yunsheng did not get any "extra money" and did not look for a way out. He was very busy. He worked during the day, honestly completing the tasks given to him and trying not to be faulted; after he came back home at night, he indulged in painting, steeping himself in his beloved art, and didn’t have time to do the housework.<br />
<br />
在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似的想点办法?”<br />
<br />
At the most difficult time for the family, Lanying said to Yunsheng in a tentative tone, "Could you think of some ways like others?"<br />
<br />
“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
<br />
"Think of what?" The painter asked in amazement.<br />
<br />
“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合过得去……”<br />
<br />
"I don't ask for anything more." The wife said, "I mean, if possible, to make life at home barely get by..."<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head: "There is a way. But that would wreck my art!"<br />
<br />
妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题一搁,永远不再提起。<br />
<br />
The wife knew the weight of the word "art" in her husband's heart. The subject was put aside, and never mentioned again.<br />
<br />
兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥一顿饱一顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣服洗一洗吧。”<br />
<br />
Lanying was sick from exhaustion, tortured by the pain of lumbar spine strain, and sometimes had to stay in bed. Whenever it happened, the sky of the family collapsed and everything was in chaos. The whole family ate erratically; when the children's clothes were dirty, they didn’t have others to change; the sheets were splattered with the painter's oil, like a canvas of an abstract painter... As a medical worker, Lanying had minimum requirements for sanitation. She could not tolerate it anymore, lying in bed and commending the painter: "Wash the sheets and clothes today."<br />
<br />
“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干一场。<br />
<br />
"Okay." The husband obediently put down the brush and rolled up his sleeves as if he was about to get some things done.<br />
<br />
他把床单和衣服泡了满满一盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他一忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;一忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
<br />
He soaked a full tub of sheets and clothes. As he washed, his hands on the washboard slowed down, and his eyes rested on the opposite wall. There hung a new painting, with the oil not yet dry. One minute he tilted his head sideways, looking pleased with himself; the next he frowned, as if he had found something unsatisfactory.<br />
<br />
他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
<br />
He stood up sharply, wiped his soapy hands on his breast, took a brush, and jumped on the bench, making some changes on the painting.<br />
<br />
兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过一丝苦笑。<br />
<br />
Lanying lay on the bed, with a wry smile flitting across the corner of his mouth.<br />
<br />
画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
<br />
The painter jumped off the bench and went back to the washtub. After a while, he couldn't help looking up at the wall again...<br />
<br />
一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,一共跳了多少次?”<br />
<br />
The day passed. He finally finished washing a tub of clothes, taking more than seven hours on it, and did not have time to cook. The whole family was hungry. Lanying, angry and amused, asked humorously, "Hey, how many times did you jump up and down from the bench?"<br />
<br />
画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
<br />
The painter shook his head blankly.<br />
<br />
兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪——整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
<br />
Lanying said: "You do not remember. I counted it for you--twenty times! Oh, what am I gonna do about you? When doing housework, you are lazy than anyone; when picking up the brush, you are more diligent than anyone..."<br />
<br />
天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入睡;儿子一沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另一只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
<br />
It was dark, and snow fell heavily outside the window, like tearing the cotton wool. Lanying, looking at the ceiling, wasn’t able to sleep; as soon as her son touched the pillow, he fell into a sound and sweet sleep. In the other corner of the hut, under the dim light, the painter was rocking his daughter with one hand, while the other hand was holding a brush and painting. He hummed an improvised lullaby, the song echoing softly in the hut...<br />
<br />
漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
<br />
They spent many nights like this in the long winter.<br />
<br />
兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为一个正直的画家的妻子的全部甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
<br />
The husband’s humming rang in Lanying’s ears, and she silently sank in thought. When she first fell in love with him, she admired his integrity and loyalty to art. Now, she had experienced all the joys and sorrows of being the wife of an upright painter. He was content with being poor and lonely. He didn’t have a normal family life, couldn’t see the light at the end of the tunnel, only asking for work, not the harvest... Who but his wife really understood him? He not only was not understood by the society, but he was also identified as a bad man, with sticks always waving above his head. Whenever thinking of these, the pain of the poor couple's disharmony dissipated, and the wife's heart turned into a spring water, full of female tenderness.<br />
<br />
她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
<br />
She thought, if two people shared the housework, they would get nothing done. Even if she had a terrible backache tomorrow, she had to bite the bullet and get up, bearing the heavy load of housework...<br />
<br />
车轮下<br />
<br />
Under the Wheels<br />
<br />
袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng slept late at night and when he rubbed his eyes the next morning, it was already broad daylight outside the window. "Shit!" He dressed frantically, "I'll be late again..."<br />
<br />
兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为一家人做早饭。<br />
<br />
Lanying had already got up, enduring the back pain, and was making breakfast for the family.<br />
<br />
画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
<br />
The painter asked in amazement, "Who told you to get up? You are not well yet!"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺一躺。”画家匆匆吃过早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
<br />
Lanying said, "It's nothing, I'm still on sick leave anyway. I can still lie down after you leave." The painter hurriedly ate the breakfast, pushed the bicycle and rushed out the door.<br />
<br />
在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过一场大雪,北风一刮,马路上结着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, it was the season when dripping water turned into ice and the breath from the mouth immediately turned to frost. After a heavy snowfall, and when the north wind blew, the roads were thick with ice. The trees on the roadside were covered with silver flowers, and the buildings shone with a dazzling silver glow like a richly decorated jade palace.<br />
<br />
画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命 的时刻。<br />
<br />
The painter was very anxious. Early in the morning, for others was the beginning of the day's work, but for him was the continuation of the night's work. The turn of day and night was the moment when he was busy running around and exhausted.<br />
<br />
人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
<br />
How many ordeals there were in life! Social, natural and accidental...<br />
<br />
穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽听一阵隆隆的马达声。一辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
<br />
Through a street, there was a busy intersection ahead, cars running like the tide. He rode forward cautiously, and suddenly heard a rumble of motors. A reckless truck crossed the intersection, refusing to slow down, as if there was no one else there. <br />
With fast speed, slippery ground, and without preparation, the painter had been too late to dodge it. A crush with a sound of bang, the painter flew far away with the car and fell to the ground. Just then, another truck came from the opposite side, and the painter was passed under the wheels of the truck like a ball...<br />
<br />
街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
<br />
When the people in the street saw this scene of tragedy, they screamed and froze there.<br />
<br />
卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
<br />
The truck driver lost his composure, forgetting to brake in the panic, and putting his right foot on the accelerator and drove on. The truck's big wheels ran over the bicycle, the steel frame uttered a short groan, and the bicycle seat was crushed into a ball. The truck kept going towards the painter.<br />
<br />
这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸口一轧,就算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
<br />
It was a moment of pain, a moment of approaching death. It was over. As soon as the car rolled over his chest, his life was over. He had suffered repeatedly on the road of life, and had never been willing to give in to the fate, but this time he was afraid that he would not be able to escape. He left his beloved art, his wife and children, and died meaninglessly...<br />
<br />
按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同情——预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头——抗争！<br />
<br />
According to Goethe, people could only have three feelings about their own sufferings and that of others: fear, terror and sympathy--the anxiety of foreseeing the coming catastrophe, the unexpected discovery of current suffering and the sympathy for the suffering of the time or the past. However, the painter, who fell under the wheel, had none of these three feelings in the hazy consciousness that flashed through his mind. Even at such a moment, he showed his stubborn character, and had only one strong thought--to struggle!<br />
<br />
接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
<br />
What happened next was unbelievable to the startled roadside pedestrians. They saw the body that fell under the truck suddenly straightened up, stretching out a pair of arms, and clinging to the front bumper of the truck. The truck roared and shook, as if to destroy the barrier; the person under the wheels struggled, slid, and refused to give up. People in the streets of Changchun saw a scene of flesh and blood stubbornly fighting with the steel monster.<br />
<br />
“千万不能倒下！”画家想,“一倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
<br />
"I must not fall down!" The painter thought, "If I fall down, I'll never get up again..."<br />
<br />
卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
<br />
The truck dragged the painter along the icy road, for 5 meters, 10 meters... Until the driver regained his normal reflexes, he hit the brake, overcoming the car's inertia.<br />
<br />
画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
<br />
The painter was injured seriously and his clothes were torn into ragged strips. He was taken to the hospital.<br />
<br />
抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天才清醒过来。<br />
<br />
When Lanying, who was sick at home, heard the news, there was a buzz in her head, and she felt that the sky was spinning, and her legs went limp. It took her a long time to wake.<br />
<br />
兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾一切地赶到医院。存车的时候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙怎么也拔不出来。<br />
<br />
Lanying got on her bicycle and, not knowing where she got the strength, she rushed to the hospital regardless. When she stored the car, she lost strength again. She could hardly look at the hospital door, her hands were shaking, and she could not pull the key out.<br />
<br />
存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚才进医院的时候,自己还能走路。”<br />
<br />
The old lady at the parking lots recognized Lanying: "You are Yuan's lover, right? Don't be afraid. He just walked into the hospital by himself."<br />
<br />
兰英这才觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
<br />
Lanying felt relieved now.<br />
<br />
兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫妻双双躺在床上。<br />
<br />
Lanying took her husband home to recover from his injuries. After this mental stimulation, the sick wife’s body was heavier. Both the couple lay in bed.<br />
<br />
孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和女儿一人捧回一包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
<br />
The child was left unattended. Lanying took out a few cents and asked the children to buy food. After a while, the son and daughter each brought back a packet of cookies, standing by the bed with tears in their eyes.<br />
<br />
儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
<br />
The son said, "Dad, eat this."<br />
<br />
女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
<br />
The daughter said, "Daddy, eat mine."<br />
<br />
兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿......<br />
<br />
Lanying took the children into her arms, wiping away the tears on their little faces for both of them. The children understood the family situation and tasted the desolation and fears of life too soon. Lanying only regrated that she couldn’t have more money to give her husband and children a little spiritual and physical compensation...<br />
<br />
画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰问。他们留下一百块钱赔偿经济损失——画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
<br />
While the painter was recovering from his injuries, the driver who caused the accident and the head of his unit came to his house to apologize and express sympathy. They left a hundred yuan to compensate for the economic loss--the painter's clothes, bicycle and medical expenses.<br />
<br />
客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
<br />
After the guests left, the painter sat on the bed, deep in thought.<br />
<br />
兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看一眼也令人伤心。<br />
<br />
Lanying looked at the pile of money and sighed sadly. Because her husband got it by escaping from death, she was sad even by glancing at it.<br />
<br />
画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
<br />
The painter suddenly got out of bed and paced around the house.<br />
<br />
“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, are you crazy?" His wife said with the tone of blame, "Your leg is not yet healed. Back to bed!"<br />
<br />
画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民——我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去！”<br />
<br />
The painter walked up to his wife, his eyes shining with excitement, "Look, I can walk! You know, I haven't gone out to paint for a long time, because I don't have that condition. How I long for the grassland in northern Shaanxi, the rushing Yellow River, and the people there--I'll take this money and go to Yan'an to paint from life!"<br />
<br />
这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是一个贫病交困的人的最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对一些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那样遥远,拼着性命才能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
<br />
This was the voice in the heart of the artist who just got up from under the wheel! This was the highest hope of a poor and sick man! His request was so limited, which didn’t matter to some people, but was so far away for him, who needed to fight for it with his life. Lanying felt like her chest was hit hard, with her heart burning, and ran out of words. She looked at her husband's sincere face, and understood it. Now that it could bring joy and satisfaction to him who longed to paint, then let him go.<br />
<br />
数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
<br />
A few days later, Yuan Yunsheng, dragging his unhealed body, carrying a heavy pack and painting tools, set off on a snowy and windy road with his wife's affectionate gaze...<br />
<br />
袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng went through difficulties on the trip to northern Shaanxi. As months went by, his face was engraved with the marks of the plateau sun and sandstorms, and he returned home with his bag full of sketches.<br />
<br />
袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,一举一动都受到街道居委会的监视。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing, he went to see Jiang Feng. At that time, the air in Beijing was suffocating. Jiang Feng was over 60 years old, whose situation was even worse than before. He lived alone in a messy compound, and his every move was monitored by the street committee.<br />
<br />
袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没有什么值得高兴的——中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路线走一遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng sat in front of the past the secretary of the Party Committee, bringing recent news of the old areas of northern Shaanxi. The news was nothing to cheer about--the People's Republic of China had been founded for more than twenty years, and everywhere he went along the route of the Red Army’s strategic shift, the people were still living in poverty. The young painter declaimed against the country’s failings, but suddenly thought that the walls have ears, and worried about the situation of the old man, so he dropped the subject and quietly looked at Jiang Feng.<br />
<br />
江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上挂着一幅画框,嵌着一张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng listened peacefully, looking calm, and had not intention of stopping him. On the wall behind him hung a framed sketch, which was exactly the one that Yuan Yunsheng painted for Jiang Feng in the Shuangqiao farm ten years ago. The old man maintained his inherent dignity as usual, and was a true tough man. Yuan Yunsheng experienced once again the spiritual power that calmed people down.<br />
<br />
袁运生打开画夹,把一组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng opened the portfolio and placed a group of sketches of people in northern Shaanxi in front of Jiang Feng, including a shepherd with a wrinkled face, a young people with a cold gaze showing disdain for everything, and a rural girl with her head bowed in contemplation... These characters were real and simple, with distinctive characters, and the unprovoked, unintelligible or artificial smiles that often appeared in general paintings could not be found on their faces. He painted the unique temperament of the people in northern Shaanxi.<br />
<br />
“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
<br />
"No one will publish these pictures if you take them out now." Jiang Feng said, "Maybe if you lose sincerity, you will get praise. But I think you are on the right way. The artist can't cater to the mass!"<br />
<br />
袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手一丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out another long scroll of landscape, 68 centimeters wide and more than 400 centimeters long. This painting depicted the lofty Jiaji Pagoda, the flowing water of the Yellow River that broke the ice, and the vast plateau scenery. It took him two whole days to stand in the cold wind and meticulously paint it with his frozen hands, and the strokes were rigorous and majestic.<br />
<br />
画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于1974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
<br />
In one corner of the picture were noted a few lines of small characters: "Written two days after painting at the end of December 1974, when the Yellow River water just broke the ice and flowed on."<br />
<br />
江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他说:“呵,黄河!一泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声音……"<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng extremely liked it after looking at it. The familiar scenery in northern Shaanxi in the picture evoked the strong feelings of the veteran of Yan’an. He said, "Oh, Yellow River! Flowing down vigorously, rushing and surging, and stirring up lofty high raging waves. I seem to hear its voice again..."<br />
<br />
春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了!<br />
<br />
The day finally came like the spring water breaking through the ice and fire erupting from the heart of the earth!<br />
<br />
担担画<br />
<br />
Shoulder Pole Painting<br />
<br />
“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
<br />
When the "Gang of Four" disappeared from political life, the art world burst into life.<br />
<br />
美术界一些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头角,施展才华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是一个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。这个磨砺精深的艺术家，就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
<br />
Some upright men in the art world sympathized with Yuan Yunsheng, whose talent had been buried for many years, and hoped that he could show his talent again. Zhang Ding, the president of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, wrote specially to recommend him to paint. Fei Zheng, who was now the vice chairman of the Hebei Art Association, also made an effort to help him. However, all these efforts were mildly rebuffed and turned back by various excuses. It was clear that Yuan Yunsheng's name was still an ominous thing, subject to indifference and discrimination. This artist with superb painting skills did not even have the opportunity to draw a comic book.<br />
<br />
乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
<br />
Even when it's warmer there is still a chill. It is most difficult to keep well.<br />
<br />
在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,一头不驯服的长发如垂下万根烦恼丝 。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
<br />
In his humble room in Changchun, Yuan Yunsheng was drawing a portrait of himself with a brush in his hand in front of a mirror. A head full of sadness appeared on the sketch, with deep creases, a weed-like beard, and long untamed hair such as hanging down ten thousand trouble silk. His hair was very long and he didn’t have time to care about it, so rarely trimmed it. This appearance, from the personality of the art, matched the painter's difficult state of mind and stubborn temperament... He was nearly forty years old. Since the criticism of ''Memory of the Water Town'', he had not painted a picture according to his own will for more than ten years. How could it not make him have thousands of trouble silk!<br />
<br />
他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
<br />
He threw down his paintbrush irritably and picked up a novel to kill time.<br />
<br />
兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
<br />
Every time Lanying returned home, she always asked with concern, "Yunsheng, have you got any news?"<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head, and the wife sighed.<br />
<br />
兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
<br />
Lanying was already a middle-aged woman. She gave birth to a third child and shouldered the burden of a family of five. On the family agenda, Lanying's main concern was still her husband's art. Art brought joy to her husband, and his joy was her joy. She also waited with the same anxiety.<br />
<br />
1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
<br />
In May 1978, the enthusiastic efforts of a few friends finally paid off, and Yuan Yunsheng got a chance to go out sketching in the beautiful Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province.<br />
<br />
他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了妻子,全家人像过节一样快乐。<br />
<br />
When he received the telegram from Yunnan People's Publishing House, he was ecstatically happy. He immediately told his wife this excellent thing and the whole family was happy just like at a festival.<br />
<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
<br />
His son asked curiously, "Dad, what does Xishuangbanna look like?"<br />
<br />
“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
<br />
"Beautiful!" He said with a smile, "I'll show you the picture I paint when I came back."<br />
<br />
女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
<br />
His daughter tugged at his coat: "Dad, what good things are there in Xishuangbanna?"<br />
<br />
“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
<br />
"There’s a lot of fruit." He stroked his daughter's head, "I'll buy some for you to eat."<br />
<br />
他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
<br />
He was busy packing and organizing his painting tools, making a big mess, and he could not wait to start on his way.<br />
<br />
兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying looked at the things spread all over the floor and asked in amazement: "Why do you bring so many things?"<br />
<br />
丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注一掷了!”<br />
<br />
Her husband said, "It's a rare opportunity, so I need to go for broke!"<br />
<br />
是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使一颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴一样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
<br />
Yes, this painter had been treated coldly for many years. If you think about his action of picking himself up from under the wheel and going to northern Shaanxi that year, you can understand his feelings at this moment. He was eager to go deeply into life and considered it more important than life. Now, a publishing unit sent a formal invitation to him, which made the heart of a man who was loyal to art ablaze like dry firewood.<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,一针针,一线线,直缝到天色薄明。<br />
<br />
In the evening, Lanying found some old cloth and sewed a backpack for her husband under the lamp, needle by needle, thread by thread, until the break of dawn.<br />
<br />
“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
<br />
"How long will you go this time?" Lanying asked.<br />
<br />
“三个月吧。”画家说,“你一个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
<br />
"About three months." The painter said, "Can you take after three children alone?"<br />
<br />
妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
<br />
The wife smiled: "I'm satisfied that you can think of my difficulties..."<br />
<br />
这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府——景洪。他被西双版纳惊人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁着珠光宝气。<br />
<br />
In May of that year, Yuan arrived at Jinghong, the capital of Xishuangbanna, on the banks of the Lancang River. He was deeply shocked by the amazing beauty of Xishuangbanna. When he looked up, everywhere was rich green, and everywhere was picturesque. <br />
The forest was as green as emerald, the valley was like being paved with green velvet, the river was like flowing congealed fat, and the moist air also felt like crystal. No wonder the Dai people compared Xishuangbanna to a shining jewel. The mountains and waters here were glittering with pearls.<br />
<br />
有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
<br />
Who could feel the beauty of life better than a painter? There were so many beautiful sceneries, as if he came to the paradise in hope. The creator of nature seemed to have a special love for this land and poured out the romantic colors of the world everywhere, so that he feasted his eyes on it and he was ecstatic!<br />
<br />
他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地 。招待所的服务人员很有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进一间中等客房。<br />
<br />
He checked in the Jinghong hostel and took a break, preparing to go deeper into the Xishuangbanna. The hostel staff received the painter politely, leading him into a moderate room.<br />
<br />
画家开口就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "How much does this room cost for one day?"<br />
<br />
服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
<br />
The staff said, "Two yuan and a half."<br />
<br />
“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
<br />
"Is there any room cheaper?"<br />
<br />
“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"There is one for seventy dimes a day."<br />
<br />
“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"Good! I’ll check in this room."<br />
<br />
他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下一步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
<br />
He was used to being careful with his money. When he left Changchun, he borrowed a limited amount of money from his unit. He spent a large part of it in the road, and the next economic source was still unknown... The painter plunged into the thick of life and everyone lived well, but he was willing to live in the bottom.<br />
<br />
幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
<br />
Fortunately, Fei Zheng supported him again, sending him 300 yuan from Hebei. This was three-quarters of Fei Zheng's demobilization fee. This timely and generous support gave Yuan Yunsheng the courage to move forward.<br />
<br />
云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
<br />
The Yunnan People's Publishing House assigned a young editor to accompany Yuan Yunsheng to paint. When the Dai boy came to meet him at the hostel, the painter took out everything he had brought from Changchun.<br />
<br />
好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有140多斤重。小伙子看了直抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
<br />
My goodness! The big wooden box contained 18 pieces of plywood, several big bundles of manuscript paper, and a backpack as big as a sack, which was stuffed with pigments, painting tools and daily necessities... They weighed more than 140 pounds altogether. The young man scratched the back of his head after looking at them. He couldn’t imagine how the painter carried them off the train and took them into the dense forests of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out a shoulder pole, smiling at the young man.<br />
<br />
瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
<br />
Look how proud he was, as if he wanted to take the natural scenery of Xishuangbanna into his bag. A few days later, he picked this bent shoulder pole, into the lush subtropical jungle...<br />
<br />
奏鸣曲<br />
<br />
Sonata<br />
<br />
瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
<br />
Look, that was the big banyan tree! Its crown was like clouds that could shelter against the sun, as a solemn and benevolent old grandmother.<br />
<br />
呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
<br />
Ah, that was the areca nut tree, straight and tall, and the local young men and women used it to symbolize everlasting love.<br />
<br />
那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝一样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
<br />
That was the sandalwood tree, whose branches and leaves were as thin as hair. It looked so dashing, like a poet reciting poetry with his hair hanging down.<br />
<br />
就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
<br />
Even the bamboo forest here was different. It was luxuriant and verdant, growing in clusters, like a peacock showing its tail.<br />
<br />
西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在一棵树前,一画就是一整天。<br />
<br />
The plants in Xishuangbanna were the most beautiful! The abundant sunshine and humid climate gave the plant population a particularly rich, dense, and graceful image. The world here was unparalleled, and was looked full of beautiful things. The painter had to suppress his excitement, to gather his feelings and to retain his feelings more precisely in a slower way. He stood in front of a tree and painte all day.<br />
<br />
“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
<br />
"Hey, what kind of tree is that?" The painter asked his fellow editor.<br />
<br />
“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
<br />
"It's called the pattra-leaf tree." The young man enthusiastically introduced, "The Dai people use its leaves instead of paper, and many ancient folklores are recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra."<br />
<br />
袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。每一笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理睬......<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng spread out the paper and painted the unique canopies of the pattra-leaf tree, which were in order, as if the tree wore an armor made of metal chains. Each brush stroke played its role, showing the vitality of green life in layers on the paper. The tropical sun was shooting flames above the painter's head, and it was very hot that beads of sweat oozed from his head. Swarms of insects flew out of the grass and could not be driven away. His legs were red and felt itchy from being bitten. He shook his head helplessly and simply ignored them...<br />
<br />
中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来才深有感受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
<br />
At noon, the young man brought two glutinous rice cakes and thrust them into the painter's hand: "I deeply feel that painting is really a hard job when I come out with you."<br />
<br />
画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在一起的......”<br />
<br />
The painter said with a smile, "Beauty and bitter are always linked together..."<br />
<br />
他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
<br />
They had been staying in a Dai family's bamboo hut. The painter got to know the customs of this warm and kind ethnic group from the perspective of daily life.<br />
<br />
每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
<br />
Every day after dinner, the painter came out of the bamboo hut and went to the forest glade. This was the most charming moment in Xishuangbanna. The sunset glow tinted the village, the treetops, and the water of Lancang River red. A group of Dai girls came slowly, carrying small spinning wheels on their shoulders, small lanterns in their hands, and their tight and floor-length dresses swaying with the wind. They were so slender, so light on their feet, and so graceful, as if a group of beautiful fairies had descended from the sky.<br />
<br />
“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露一截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后一盘,自然地溜向一边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
<br />
"So beautiful!" The painter expressed his feeling to the companion, "Look, those girls' girdles, golden and silver, are like exquisite crafts. But I will never paint their girdles, which will separate the body and destroy the integrity of it. I prefer their natural dressing. See, those girls' dressing is very natural. Their jackets are short, their skirts are long, and a part of the waist is exposed between the jacket and the skirt, which is a high level of aesthetic point of view, making them look slim and tall, pavilion... And look at their hairstyle, tying the hair into a bun, which is naturally slipped to one side. It has got a real Tang style! This ethnic group is amazing. They know best the beauty of details..."<br />
<br />
少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来一阵阵悠扬的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
<br />
The girls dispersed to all corners of the forest glade. Small groups of boys came out of nowhere, and gathered around the girls, talking and laughing. Through the twilight, an orange lantern was lit, and there came the sound of spinning wheels. Dai women had known since childhood not to rely on their parents but to rely on hard-working hands to prepare their own dowry. They were weaving happy love.<br />
<br />
诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就在苦苦思索一个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
<br />
The poetic atmosphere of the southern border was knocking on the window of the artist's inspiration. Whenever such a moment came, Yuan Yunsheng was thinking hard about a question: What was the master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
<br />
Was beauty in your colorful appearance and jewelry with pearls and jades? Painted your face, but could not paint your unique charm; collapsed at your feet, only acting as a servant of the naturalism.<br />
<br />
面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我感受却不尽相同。一百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,一百种不同的表现方法。<br />
<br />
Faced with the same object, the images on different painters’ retinas were the same; however, their own feelings were not the same. A hundred painters could have a hundred different answers, and a hundred different methods of expression.<br />
<br />
艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。 <br />
<br />
Art was valued for having a "self". He was looking for “his” own Xishuangbanna.<br />
<br />
从夏末到中秋,他在一串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勐定的一个偏僻的小村寨。<br />
<br />
From late summer to mid-autumn, he left his footprints in a string of pearl-like place names, and then came to a small remote village in Mengding.<br />
<br />
这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本寨的荣耀。<br />
<br />
The painter's visit caused a sensation in the small cottage, where apparently few guests had visited. During the evening meeting, the whole village cast warm and curious glances at him with laughter and noise, as if his arrival was an honor for the village.<br />
<br />
同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无力同病魔斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是“鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者一商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
<br />
The fellow editor told him that the village was called "Ghost Village". Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Dai people could not fight against illnesses. If someone was ill, it was said that he was possessed by a "ghost". When someone in the same village was pointed out to be the incarnation of the "ghost", several "respected" elders would immediately drive him out after discussion. Over time, those who were driven out formed a village, gathering a group of people who were discriminated against.<br />
<br />
“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的一瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
<br />
The sufferings of the people in the "ghost village" drew the deep sympathy of the painter. The painter cast a friendly glance at them and found that the people here had beautiful looks. If the Dai ethnic group was a beautiful ethnic group, this village was the essence of beauty. The girls like flowers, the charming women, the sturdy young men, all of whom were happy to accept the painter's request to make a sketch of themselves. Later, they simply came to the painter's home and stood in front of him with good grace, hoping to attract his attention. The painter was so busy that he waved his hand without a break. They loved beauty by nature and were proud of it.<br />
<br />
小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在一起进餐,然后由男方挑着担子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像一泓溪水那样清澈。<br />
<br />
Life in the small village was calm and quiet. The painter lived for many days and he didn't hear of any family quarrel. Men and women were financially independent of each other, and earned income, daily necessities, and working tools were clearly divided. When there were rifts in a family, the woman usually proposed to move away. The whole family sat quietly together for a meal before her departure, and then the man carried the pole to see her off. They treated each other with respect. The old and young were in harmony with each other. The young generation respected the elders and served them with courtesy; the elders took care of the younger generation, but never rigidly restrain them... What a simple relationship between them! It was not polluted by the secular society, as clear as a stream.<br />
<br />
一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
<br />
After a day’s work, the young men and women danced the Elach on the green grass. Joyful drumbeats and the crisp sound of gongs created a distinctive rhythm. The girls formed a queue, stepping gracefully and stretching their soft arms. They had reserved and self-respecting looks with a solemn yearning in the haze. What were they yearning for?<br />
<br />
这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在古老的贝叶经里的传说——从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑娘们生出一计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头一沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
<br />
This was a common dance in the Water-Sprinkling Festival. The Dai editor who accompanied the painter told the painter a legend recorded in the ancient the Pattra-leaf Sutra--once upon a time there was an ugly demon Lord who wanted to take the beautiful girls from each village for himself. He plundered six girls and wanted to take the seventh one, which was hated by the Dai people. The girls came up with a plan to get him drunk and asked him, "What are you most afraid of?" The devil said that he was afraid of nothing. He could only be strangled with his hair, but he could be reborn when his head touched the ground... The girls strangled his head while he was drunk. In order to keep his head from touching the ground, the girls took turns to hold his head in their hands. The annual Water-Sprinkling Festival was to celebrate the people's victory over devilry and to wash away the dirty stains left behind by the demon Lord, so that the spring of freedom and happiness was always in the hearts of the Dai people...<br />
<br />
晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
<br />
At night, the painter returned to the bamboo hut. The moonlight was bright and the shadow of trees was dancing, like flowing mercury pouring in front of the door. On this silent night, he could not sleep for a long time.<br />
<br />
广为流传的神话传说,往往是一个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑海里汇集,逐渐熔化为一团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西双版纳。这是一个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条——单纯与丰富高度和谐地统一!<br />
<br />
Widespread myths and legends were often the windows to the mind of an ethnic group. The story about the origin of the Water-Sprinkling Festival deepened the painter's understanding of this ethnic group who loved beauty. Since he set foot on the land of Xishuangbanna, the mountains, rivers, forests, people and landscapes he saw were like countless colorful light spots, whirling and flickering, gathering in his mind, and gradually melting into a bright flame, which rose from the canopy of thinking. Oh! The master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna, wasn’t the spiritual power of the Dai people to worship a better future and great love? Their hearts were so clean that they always kept their ethnic group’s nature of purity. So, the colorful and vibrant plants, and the natural and simple Dai women with their unique beauty constituted the painter’s general image of Xishuangbanna: "my" own Xishuangbanna. This was a world of lines, soft and elastic lines, unrestrained and smooth lines, upright and beautiful lines, and also tangled and slow lines like gossamers--simplicity and richness were highly harmonious!<br />
<br />
他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的一组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
<br />
He waved lines and made hundreds of line-drawing paintings. If the heavy color painting was compared to the symphony, the line drawing was the solo of lines. Yuan Yunsheng's artistic style, which was formed through years of honing, showed a fantastic charm in the solo of lines. It was a set of passionate sonatas that he dedicated to the Dai people with sincere feelings.<br />
<br />
昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
<br />
Kunming held an exhibition for Yuan Yunsheng. His paintings were delivered to the Yunnan People's Publishing House for selection and editing. The foreword written for him by the editor Liu Shaohui began with a few lines from the Dai folk narrative poem ''The Gourd Letter''.<br />
<br />
公主啊!<br />
<br />
O Princess!<br />
<br />
你是一颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
<br />
You are a brilliant jewel,<br />
<br />
但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
<br />
I wish I were a silversmith,<br />
<br />
把宝石镶在我的心上......<br />
<br />
Setting the jewel in my heart...<br />
<br />
他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
<br />
He praised Yuan Yunsheng for setting the "jewel" of Xishuangbanna in his heart.<br />
<br />
二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
<br />
For more than twenty years, it was the first time Yuan Yunsheng heard an affirmation of his art.<br />
<br />
袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
<br />
During his stay in Yunnan, Yuan Yunsheng constantly received letters from his wife, who told him they were safe.<br />
<br />
兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
<br />
What Lanying said in the letter made the painter felt like drinking a glass of sweet spring water, cool and delicious, soothing and cheerful when he read each letter. At the end of his wife's letters, there were always these lines: "Don't worry about the family. Paint your paintings, and if you can't finish them, you don't have to hurry back..."<br />
<br />
画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
<br />
The painter smiled with relief. During his busy days in Xishuangbanna, his main worry was "the fire in the backyard", but his wife's letter lifted his worries.<br />
<br />
其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
<br />
In fact, it was an eventful year. A wind of earthquakes blew in Changchun, and the whole city was in a panic. People were busy building quake-proof shelters, moving things, and transferring to shelters.<br />
<br />
画家在长春的一个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁愕然了。<br />
<br />
A friend of the painter in Changchun, thinking of the painter's wife and children, rushed to their home to visit. He was stunned.<br />
<br />
这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出一个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗震棚挪动着……<br />
<br />
The humble room was as it had been, and the furniture and sundries were not organized. The children were playing with their heads down. Lanying, bending over and sweating, dragged out a heavy wooden box full of the painter's paintings from the house, and moved it to the nearby quake-proof shelter...<br />
<br />
显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
<br />
Obviously, this was the most precious thing in the heart of the painter's wife. She knew the painter's hardship best, understanding the value of art from the hardships of it.<br />
<br />
朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道。<br />
<br />
The friend's heart trembled with excitement. Lanying still did not tell her husband about this. If his friend had not later recounted the scene he saw, he would never have known.<br />
<br />
壁画之梦 <br />
<br />
The Dream of Murals<br />
<br />
不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。 <br />
<br />
At some point, through the glass window covered with ice flowers, a hazy blue light came in, like a fairy stretching out her white arms and lifting the veil as soft as a dream.<br />
<br />
屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀一样扑朔不定。 <br />
<br />
The room seemed bright and dim, with faint yellow glow of the electric light and murky air around, and the glow fluttered in a haze of smoke like wings.<br />
<br />
他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。 <br />
<br />
He wagged his head vigorously, and rubbed his eyes. The paintings on the table turned into a white mist, rising and spreading. Everything was blurred.<br />
<br />
他搞不清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里…… <br />
<br />
He didn’t know whether he was awake at the moment, or vaguely in a dream...<br />
<br />
昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。一抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从梦境回到了现实的世界。 <br />
<br />
Last night he slept too late and smoked too much. Or rather, he didn't sleep, just lying next to the messy paintings and ashtray full of cigarette butts on the table for a while. When he looked up, it was dawn. The first ray of morning sunlight caressed the buildings in the suburbs of Beijing. He pushed the window open, and let the cold morning breeze chase away the fatigue of the night. He went back from the dream to the real world.<br />
<br />
这是1979年1月,在北京白家庄。 <br />
<br />
It was January 1979, in Baijiazhuang, Beijing.<br />
<br />
袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和工艺美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得到了推荐,也在被邀请之列。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing on his way home from a six-month-long trip to Yunnan. A great joy forced him to stay in Beijing. At that time, the new terminal building of Capital Airport was like a magnificent crystal palace going up in the eastern suburbs of Beijing, equipped with the world's most advanced technology. The spacious and comfortable departure lounges and restaurants, automatic doors, baggage carousels, weight scales with electronic digital display, special quartz clocks made by Seikosha, high-efficiency indoor air conditioning devices, precise navigation and communication systems... They constituted the magnificent air gateway of the capital, whose degree of modernization was unparalleled in China. In today's world, modern architectural design was integrated with exquisite art decoration, and the ancient mural art was revived, accommodating with the development of construction industry based on new industrial technology. People in charge of the capital airport were managers of the new enterprise indeed. They invited more than fifty excellent artists as well as arts and crafts workers, led by Zhang Ding, the dean of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, to create a large modern murals for the terminal building. Yuan Yunsheng, who had been silent for more than two decades, was lucky enough to be recommended and was among the invitees.<br />
<br />
随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使一些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单一些,拿他的话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。” <br />
<br />
With the opening of a crack in the window of ideological liberation in early 1979, the close relationship between literature and art and politics, which was very hot, was gradually adjusted over the years, making some artists calm down. They reconsidered the old and difficult proposition of the relationship between literature and art and politics, and denied the claim that literature and art was subordinate to politics. Their intentions were kind and peaceful, unwilling to use the arrow of art to touch sensitive political issues to avoid being blamed for something other than art; at the same time, they hoped to escape from the influence of the wind change and maintain the relative stability of the range of art, without rising or falling like a floating feather. But Yuan Yunsheng thought more simply, in his words, "Art is art, which needs to be sincere."<br />
<br />
袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节——生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻辑和客观条件应运而生的。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng's large mural design ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', was born based on this simple logic and objective conditions.<br />
<br />
候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的一块地方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴的哲理。他决定抦弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。” <br />
<br />
A large wall of the passenger’s dining room in the terminal, together with a corner, was given to him. What a big space! He stood before the white wall, astonished and delighted, wanting to pour out all the words in the heart to this wall. Artistic creation always spared no effort without reservation to present the most beautiful part of the artist's feelings of the mind. For more than twenty years, the language of art and life he had accumulated resounded in his heart like a surging river, and the unforgettable impression he had from his trip to Xishuangbanna was the climax of the good things and the leaping wave of his whole life experience. At that time, the only subject he thought of was the Water-Splashing Festival. The myths and legends he heard, recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra condensed the emotions like flames, the free imagination and the clear and pure philosophy of the tropical ethnic group. He decided to abandon the conception of genre and narrative paintings and used the lines he had practiced over the years to express the people's desire for a future of freedom and happiness. He said, “It is a pleasant surprise for me to paint a mural praising the spirit and sentiment of the Dai people on a huge wall with 27 meters wide and 3.4 meters high."<br />
<br />
主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知命运如何? <br />
<br />
Artists who advocated art for the sake of politics could also attribute this subject to politics. However, this idea, after all, left the specific political context and contained the deeper and more distant time and space as well as timeless themes. If it was in the past, such an artistic conception would have been intervened by politics and would have been accused of rebelling against orthodoxy. What was his fate this time?<br />
<br />
袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng's brother, Yuan Yunfu, gave him a room in his apartment in Baijiazhuang, which was both a bedroom and a studio. However, the small bed was rarely used. He spread out his sketch and entered a dream, a dream of flowing lines and beautiful colors...<br />
<br />
在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统一。那座大门却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门搏斗,一支接一支地吸烟,一张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。 <br />
<br />
In the dream of art, there were also untold troubles. Apart from anything else, the door in the wall of the dining room was annoying. Originally, the artistic language of mural should be harmonized with the artistic language of architecture. The door, however, divided the wall and become an obstacle to the artistic conception. He spent the whole night fighting with the annoying door, smoking one cigarette after another, and drawing one sketch after another. His brother lived in the room opposite to his room, who could see the light coming from the crack of the door all night long, and the smell of smoke wafted up. And his energy, effort and life were consumed in the light blue smoke. The next day when the door was opened, his face was pale.<br />
<br />
“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。 <br />
<br />
"How can your body stand it!" Yuan Yunfu said.<br />
<br />
“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……” <br />
<br />
"It's doesn't matter." He smiled faintly, "I get used to it..."<br />
<br />
在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出一股韧性。为了重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟此时的心情。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of the elder brother, his younger brother was a completely different people than before. On the night more than twenty years ago, when Yuan Yunsheng told his brother that he was classified as a "rightist” in the same room, his round face was full of innocence, as if he was telling a light anecdote. Now, that face had experienced the hardships and troubles of life, stumbling on the rugged road, and had become angular with a stern look, revealing a resilience. In order to regain this opportunity to create in Beijing, what a price he had to pay! Yuan Yunfu understood his brother's feelings at this time.<br />
<br />
整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法——“拱桥的两头很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》） <br />
<br />
All day long, Yuan Yunsheng locked himself in his room and had a dream of mural. He was inspired by the familar principle of the arch bridge in the suburbs of Suzhou, and found a way to cross the gate -- “The two ends of the arch bridge are very heavy, holding the towering and thin top. It is stable in mechanics, and how beautiful the curve like the rainbow is! The idea of constructing a rainbow of people with the activities of the Dai people is fascinating..." (quoted in ''Art Research'', Issue 1, 1980, Yuan Yunsheng: ''The Dream of Murals'')<br />
<br />
实现这个迷人的想法,真是一项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每一个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了…… <br />
<br />
It was a huge project to realize this fascinating idea. The splendid and colorful images of the Water-Splashing Festival came to his eyes: carrying water, sharing water, splashing water, dancing, boat racing, bathing at night, the quiet family life in the bamboo house of the Dai people and the young men and women who didn’t want to leave with each other in the jungle after dusk... Hundreds of characters appeared under his brush, and each of them was vivid and true. At the same time, it was decorative, exaggerated, personalized, and full of lyricism. The sketch was longer and longer, and the crowds like the rainbow were stretching out. The painter, who was immersed in the frenzy of his creation, seemed to be accompanied by music in his ears. He grasped the brush as if grasping the baton of the symphony orchestra, to express the shifts of melody and rhythm through the flowing lines, and the solemn, fervent and tenaciously upward theme song gradually rose up...<br />
<br />
又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还有灯光。 <br />
<br />
It was another early morning that Yuan Yunfu, who lived in the opposite room, woke up from his sleep and saw the light under the door of his brother’s room.<br />
<br />
这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunfu was also very tired these days. He also participated in the creation of murals at the Capital Airport, painting the first draft of ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan''. If he was exploring the path of art with his experience and artistic accomplishment, his brother was sprinting with his life. Half a month passed, in fifteen days and nights, the light in the opposite room did not go out. What an amazing perseverance! Even the golden stone should cry for his sincerity of the art... <br />
<br />
对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀! <br />
<br />
A light blue smoke was coming from the opposite room with a heavy coughing sound, each hoarser than the last. However, he was still painting, and still smoking incessantly. The coughing sound could be heard without end, and it was heart-wrenching to hear it in the silence before dawn. He was destroying the foundation of his health to build a spiritual building, and the lines on the sketch were clearly the blood streak of life!<br />
<br />
天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休息几天,回长春去过年吧。” <br />
<br />
After dawn, Yuan Yunfu said to his brother, "You probably forget that the day after tomorrow is Lunar New Year's Eve. I advise you to take a few days off and go back to Changchun for the New Year."<br />
<br />
袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用。第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制。” <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng shook his head, “I don’t have enough time. Although the second draft was drawn, but I haven’t had time to copy it."<br />
<br />
“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。” <br />
<br />
"You don’t care about your own body, but you have to think about Lanying.” His brother said. "You have been away from Changchun for more than six months. It is unreasonable for you not to go back for the Spring Festival."<br />
<br />
提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能在家待几天?” <br />
<br />
When it came to Lanying, Yuan Yunsheng was no longer obstinate. On New Year's Eve, he rushed back to Changchun. Lanying asked him, "How many days can you stay at home this time?"<br />
<br />
画家说:“春节一过,还得讨论画稿。这一稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "After the New Year, I still have to discuss the drafts. I have not made a copy of this one yet, so I brought it back home."<br />
<br />
兰英叹了一口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……” <br />
<br />
Lanying sighed, "So, even in the Spring Festival, you still can’t have a good rest..."<br />
<br />
画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "It's not difficult to copy, but it takes time."<br />
<br />
兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?” <br />
<br />
Lanying thought about it, "Well, can I help you?"<br />
<br />
画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。 <br />
<br />
The painter looked at his wife with affection and nodded.<br />
<br />
这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下一个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹…… <br />
<br />
This was the first time that Lanying was directly involved in her husband's artistic creation. At night, they turned on the lamp, set up a glass plate, laid out a translucent copy paper, and copied the painting of the Water-Splashing Festival together. This work, which celebrated the Dai people, also left traces of a Han woman's feelings...<br />
<br />
从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
<br />
From the first to the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, they spent their time in this way. Lanying and the painter stayed up late together.<br />
<br />
忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴云笼罩着...... <br />
<br />
The busy painter did not even notice that Lanying's thin face was more withered, covered by the heavy cloud of illness...<br />
<br />
牛皮纸 <br />
<br />
Kraft Paper<br />
<br />
春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。 <br />
<br />
Just after the Spring Festival, Yuan Yunsheng returned to Beijing with the colored design.<br />
<br />
绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
<br />
Preparations for the mural painting were under way intensely. In order to get the best artistic effect, Capital Airport imported a batch of acrylic paints from Hong Kong. This was a new painting material popular in Europe, America and Japan in recent years. It had bright and soft color, strong covering power, and was suitable for multi-layered sfumato and foil, and maintained the stability of the color of the painting for a long time under various conditions of wetting, drying, hot and cold.<br />
<br />
参加《泼水节——生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
<br />
Lian Weiyun and Fei Zheng, two collaborators who participated in the painting of ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', also arrived in succession. They were both accomplished middle-aged artists. After looking Yuan Yunsheng's design, they were impressed by the charm of the combination of traditional techniques of Chinese painting and western modern art, and were interested in it and eager to have a try.<br />
<br />
脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。 <br />
<br />
The scaffolding was set up and the walls were covered with solid backing cloth. Everything was ready and it was early summer. One day in June, Lanying came to Beijing from Changchun.<br />
<br />
兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的一次妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。 <br />
<br />
This time, Lanying made a special trip to Beijing to see a doctor. In fact, her condition had already been discovered. In a gynecological examination before the Spring Festival, the doctor felt an obvious foreign body in the uterus. Because her husband was away and she needed to take care of the children, her illness had not been treated. Recently, due to the rapid aggravation of her condition, she had to go to a large hospital in Beijing for a diagnosis.<br />
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在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻待在一起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮工。 <br />
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While waiting to see a doctor, Lanying and her husband stayed in a newly built hotel for international flight crews at the Capital Airport. The room was small but comfortable with spring beds, a bathroom, and shutters in the ceiling also indicated that there was air-conditioning equipment. Since her marriage, Lanying had never lived in such a high-class accommodation with her husband. However, the time the couple spent together was still limited. Every day, when the first purple rays of the morning sun came in through the curtains, Yuan Yunsheng turned over and got up, hurriedly wipded the face. The sound of rushing away footsteps could be heard in the corridor. After a busy day, it was already late at night when he returned, covered in sweat and paint, like a house repairman who had just climbed down from the scaffolding.<br />
<br />
好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是出乎意料的,几个月以前的一小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到癌——恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢? <br />
<br />
Finally, it was the day of diagnosis. When Lanying got the diagnosis, moving tired steps out of the hospital, she felt her body and mind sinking downward, as if sinking into a bottomless abyss. The rate of the development of the disease was unexpected, a small foreign body a few months ago had grown into a big lump. Lanying herself was a surgeon, with professional knowledge and clinical experience, who understood the seriousness in the rate of deterioration of the disease. She thought about cancer--malignant cells tended to cause malformed expansion, while benign tumors were relatively steady; if it was not cancer, it was just a fluke. She walked slowly, and her mind was empty, the grey mist floating and sparks of consciousness flickering on and off. She felt painfully, intuitively, that the defenses of her health had been destroyed by everyday’s pressure because of excessive worry and fatigue from chores over the years. Did her lover, her children and everything in the future still belong to her?<br />
<br />
她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了候机大楼,站在脚手架旁…… <br />
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She went back to the airport. The painter could not be found at the accommodation during the day. She stepped across the long asphalt road, entered the terminal building, and stood by the scaffolding...<br />
<br />
大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着一场真正的建设——脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。 <br />
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The lobby was spacious and solemn. The new glass windows reflected the blue sky, and the abundant light rushed in and then spread out, softly scattering on the four walls. Here, in the heat of June, there was a real construction going on--the huge structure of scaffolding climbing up to the roof; on the ground, brushes, palettes and paint buckets were piled up haphazardly, showing how busy the art site was.<br />
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兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在…… <br />
<br />
Lanying looked up and found her husband's figure on the scaffolding. He bent over, holding a brush in his hand, sketching on the wall. His long black hair hang down from his forehead, swinging ceaselessly in the air with his body, as if a cellist holding the bowstring was absorbed in the enchanting music he was playing, and the world around him no longer existed...<br />
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兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,一个艺术赤子的オ华、智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。 <br />
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Lanying stood there dumbfounded. Here and now, perhaps only she could deeply understand her husband's state of mind. From the tiny world of that humble room in Changchun to this grand and spacious lobby, the talents, wisdom and suppressed ambition of a man who was loyal to art broke away from all fetters and poured out. He even wanted to put his hot life into the tip of the brush, pouring, splashing and melting into the picture in front of him.<br />
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墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华! <br />
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Various lines on the wall presented the dense jungle in Xishuangbanna, full of vitality. With the movement of the brush, like the process happened in color developer in the darkroom, the images of several Dai women gradually became clear. Their stretched waists, flexible arms, and action of strong inclination added the sense of motion of the scene of water splashing. Lanying seemed to hear the cheerful rhythm of the small gong and the exciting drumbeat of the elephant-foot drum. The hazy expressions in the women's faces had infinite yearnings. Thus, the dead wall became alive. It was the artist's passion for life was shining, the reproduction of a beautiful vision. The limited life of the artist was sublimated in the meaningful art!<br />
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站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。 <br />
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Standing behind the art stage to see the art was the easiest to touch off the aftertaste of life. <br />
<br />
兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得到了精神的补偿。 <br />
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Lanying felt relaxed, and the heavy feeling like being clogged with lead when she left the hospital was alleviated. Art had already intruded into her destiny, turning her from an outsider into an insider. She got spiritual compensation from the breath of artistic creation.<br />
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这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查有结果了吗?” <br />
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At this time, the painter climbed down from the scaffolding, spotted his wife at a glance, and walked quickly towards her, "Did you get the result of the examination at the hospital?"<br />
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兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说......” <br />
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Lanying said. "Go on with your work. I’ll talk to you when we came back..."<br />
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妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。” <br />
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The peaceful face of his wife reassured the painter. He said, "You should stay in your room and have a good rest."<br />
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“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
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"I'm not tired. Lanying smiled faintly and said with studied casualness, "What can I do for you?"<br />
<br />
Chapter Two<br />
<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对一对画稿上的人物动作。” <br />
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The painter seriously considered for a moment: “Oh, I need you here. Please imitate and check the action of the characters on the sketch for our reference.” <br />
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“好吧。”妻子应允了。 <br />
<br />
"All right." The wife agreed.<br />
<br />
兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容…… <br />
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Lanying made various body movements on the painter’s instructions. Fortunately, she was an active member of the literary and artistic activities twenty years ago with a little dance skills, natural movements, and an ideal slender body. It consumed a lot of time, and the painter looked left and right, directing Lanying's posture while examining the characters on the sketch. For Lanying, who was ill, it was an excessive burden. But she maintained a dignified posture with great endurance, and a serene smile appeared on her pale and tired face...<br />
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几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为一个外科医生,如果给自己开一张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的一桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カ一搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏在心底很久很久了。 <br />
<br />
A few days later, Lanying boarded the northbound train and left Beijing. Her husband went to the station to see her off. Until the moment before her departure, the wife did not tell her husband about her illness. Lanying repeatedly considered the gains and losses. As a surgeon, she would not have hesitated to write “hospitalize immediately and surgically remove" if she had given herself a treatment order. The key to the treating a relentless tumor, whether it was benign or malignant, was to treat it in time.But she thought of her husband, and a wonderful career beyond him. Once she was hospitalized for a major surgery, her husband would not hesitate to accompany her and serve her, because she had no other close relatives in this world. In that way, the painter's work would stop, or at least be influence. Her husband was struggling on the difficult road of art and could not be delayed. Lanying had to give up her treatment, even if it meant the hope of life, in exchange for the extension of the artistic life. This idea, from the day she fell in love with the painter, had been buried in her heart for a long, long time.<br />
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一声长笛,列车开走了,载着一颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾霭中...... <br />
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With a whistle, the train drove away, carrying the heart of an ordinary but great woman, and disappearing in the fog...<br />
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袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,一株热带丛林特有的鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像是在为自己的青春而骄傲…… <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng and his collaborators worked hard and four months passed. The painting work was coming to an end. Turning a corner of the wall, a view of Xishuangbanna at dusk appeared. In the light blue glow, there was a Passionfora edulis unique to the tropical jungle. Its luxuriant branches and leaves were like a cluster of hydrangea, forming a beautiful screen. Dai girls Girls who took a bath at night, holding a clay pot, poured clear spring water on their body. They wore their long and undulating hair down to the ground, which seemed like the ripples of water flowing from high mountains. After the bath, the girls were combing their long hair with a tender smile on their face, as if they were proud of their youth...<br />
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环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。 <br />
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Surrounding the girl's bodies were a few flowing lines, which were the outline of the clothes that was sketched out in the draft. The painter was still uncertain how to handle them. In the process of painting, the onlookers who came and went through the lobby paid special attention to the girls taking baths at night on the wall, wanting to see whether they would be clothed or not.<br />
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洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。“我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的一种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况他画的是神话传说而不是习俗…… <br />
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It is a common knowledge in life that taking a bath (rather than splashing water) needs to take off clothes. In life, Dai women were more innocent. During the days in Xishuangbanna, the painter bathed many times with Dai men and women at the well and in the Lancang River. They were natural and graceful, treating nudity as a as a creation of nature, so they did not feel it was very mysterious. “I admit that I have more conservative thinking.” Yuan Yunsheng said sincerely, “Because of this, I am more respectful of them.” In the history of painting, the language of nudity was an artistic language with rich expressiveness. Represented by Venus in ancient Greece, it developed into an independent aesthetic category. Similarly, using the language of nudity to express the author's worship of women and the praise for life became necessary for this particular scene in the mural. Not to mention that he painted myths and legends rather than customs...<br />
<br />
看来,画家打错了主意? <br />
<br />
It seems that the painter got the wrong idea?<br />
<br />
在一些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和犯罪搅成一池浑水。 <br />
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In the eyes of some people, the style of nude was a “evil custom of barbarians” in the west! The richer the material life of the west was, the poorer the spiritual civilization was to the extent that the body was not covered by clothes. On the contrary, the great revolution of spiritual culture and the great retrogression of material production occurred at the same period in our country. In the past ten years, people’s vision had been highly purified. Chinese women did not even want to wear skirts, cheongsams, or tight-fitting shirts, and wrapped themselves up tightly so as not to show their changeable lines. By doing so, they would not stain the eyes of others and desecrate their bodies. However, treating aesthetics as the result of getting rid of evil concepts did not improve the morality of the society, but brought spiritual impoverishment and degradation. As a result, just like the pure springs turned into muddy currents, art and crime were mixed into a pool of muddy water.<br />
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盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。 <br />
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In the height of summer, when the scene of “bathing at night" stood out, although the images of these young girls were decorative, symbolic and simple, it still caused a stir.<br />
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这并不显眼的一角却引来一批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
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This inconspicuous corner attracted numerous viewers, including curious people, anxious people, passers-by and spectators. People were talking about it in different tones, surprised, harsh or vulgar...<br />
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这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不韪了。如要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的一场争论。 <br />
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It was the first time in years that a nude appeared on modern Chinese murals. The author did a wrong thing that was considered as a big one at the time. If he wanted to solve dispute, it was easy, lifting the brush, smearing a few strokes, and dressing the figures in blouses and skirts, which cost nothing. Then he and his whole family would be blessed and away from misfortune. But he was reluctant to do that. He thought of a controversy in history over the issue of nude art.<br />
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六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的一班轻薄少年、无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军阀败北。 <br />
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Sixty years ago, a group of courageous painters in Shanghai were reviled for using nudity in their teachings and creations. At that time, the newspapers published many critical articles, saying that the painter “offended public decency”, “wanted to make the women of the world into a shameless position" and “broke down the boundaries between Chinese men and women”... And at that time, a group of libertines and loafers in Shanghai took nude photos for sale, which provided handles to trolls. Until the warlord Sun Chuanfang was angered, the painter was wanted by telegram. The painter concentrated all his efforts on rising to the challenge without fear, and wrote articles saying that “Scoundrels made nude photos and obscene picture of prostitutes to attract others for profit, I am very sad... Why Private Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts is blamed? Why I am blamed?” "I advocated that ambition of art shouldn’t be takev away... Although I have to defy all difficulties and dangers, I will never refuse.” The struggle ended in victory for the painter and defeat for the warlord.<br />
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历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的一桩旧案犹未了结。 <br />
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History had gone by more than half a century. Times were different, but an old case in the art world was not settled yet.<br />
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“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思想解放!” <br />
<br />
"What we encountered is no longer a body issue.” Yuan Yunsheng said to his companions, “It is related to the ideological liberation of the art world!"<br />
<br />
他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。 <br />
<br />
They insisted on making no changes. This detail in the murals was used as a stone of exploring and was thrown on the path of artistic spring presented in front of them after the smashing of the "Gang of Four".<br />
<br />
舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事…… <br />
<br />
After all, the pressure of public opinion was too great. In order to provide a peaceful environment for the painter to paint, the airport and the construction company were kind to cover up the doors and windows of the lobby while the painting work was still incomplete. Thus, the modernized doors were covered with thick kraft papers produced in the traditional way in China, and the murals painted in imported acrylic paints were hidden in a dull yellow glow of classical colors. The painter was at peace for the moment and went on with their unfinished work...<br />
<br />
不是结尾 <br />
<br />
Not the End<br />
<br />
10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动…… <br />
<br />
One day in late October, the autumn wind swirled yellow sand, sweeping above the streets of Beijing. Yuan Yunsheng walked down the street quickly, facing the wind, and his long and thick black hair fluttering in the wind...<br />
<br />
首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。 <br />
<br />
The painting work of murals at the Capital Airport had been completed. The artists and art workers, led by Zhang Ding, achieved great success. The papers and TV stations published and broadcasted murals with distinctive characteristics and modern style: ''Nezha Conquers the Dragon King'', ''Song of the Forest'', ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan'', ''The Spring of Science'' and ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life''... It was like a hot whirlwind in the art world and society, provoking intense reactions. Before the Fourth Congress of Chinese Writers and Artists, a group of celebrities from the circles of literature and art, theory, architecture, foreign trade and press and publication came to the Capital Airport to attend the unveiling ceremony and congratulate the artists.<br />
<br />
国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人一进入中国就有一个强烈的印象,这种艺术是一个国家国力的象征。” <br />
<br />
They acquired great recognition from foreigners. Foreign friends stood in the lobby of the terminal building, looking around the four walls with appreciative eyes and saying, "Beijing Airport will be famous all over the world for its murals.” ”It gives people a strong impression upon entering China that this art is a symbol of a country's national power."<br />
<br />
日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……” <br />
<br />
Hirayama Ikuo, a famous Japanese painter, also came to visit. He said that Chinese culture had two peaks in history: the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, and he believed that the third peak was coming. He said to Yuan Yunsheng with a smile, "After seeing your murals, I think Xishuangbanna is very beautiful. I really want to change the plan of this trip and go there..."<br />
<br />
这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰一样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔…… <br />
<br />
These days, Yunsheng was very busy. Meeting with foreign guests, accepting interviews and giving speeches on stage filled up his daily schedule. The lonely days were gone, followed by honors, applauses, and toasts, like stepping from the rugged mountain road to the peak full of flowers... He walked on the street, the wind and sand rushing toward him, and his lapel swaying in the wind. At this moment, contrary to the joy brought by the brilliant success, his face was strangely sad and sorrowful, frozen like ice, cold as a rock. It seemed to have infinite remorse in his indifference...<br />
<br />
呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化? <br />
<br />
Oh, what were you doing for? Were you still not satisfied? Or were you still worried about the change of political wind?<br />
<br />
不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着一个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作是坚定正确的表现。 <br />
<br />
No. He was not worried about that. He was confident. For more than twenty years, he had been tenacious exploring towards a set goal with the sincerity of art. He had never been discouraged in the face of any setbacks. He loved the art of the country, and was classified as a "rightist" because he disagreed with Soviet painting theory. But now people who took the same position were seen as having a solid and right performance.<br />
<br />
他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。 <br />
<br />
He loved the watery towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and took a hit for painting the beautiful scenes of the rural market. But now markets all over the country were more prosperous than they were then. Oh life, many things would be changed after thirty years! He no longer believed in temporary and hasty conclusions. His personality and the personality of his art had been strengthened by adversity, becoming independent of the conclusions.<br />
<br />
那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧? <br />
<br />
So, why were you sad? Why were you depressed?<br />
<br />
只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无望,只等待手术的判决…… <br />
<br />
Just because his wife, bosom friend, backer of his career and partner in distress, was lying sickly in the hospital. It was not until a few days earlier that he learned of the illness that Lanying had hidden from him. After four months of suffering from the disease, Lanying's health collapsed! When she left Changchun, her sick body wasted away, with weak spirit and pale and yellow face. Her female companions, who saw her off, could not see any color on her face, took it as their last farewell, breaking down in tears. At this moment, she lay quietly in a hospital in Beijing, and she seemed tired. Once the burden was lifted from her shoulders, she didn’t have words, complaints and hope, only waiting for the verdict of surgery...<br />
<br />
一个人站立起来了,另一个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南去的列车上一见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下一笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。 <br />
<br />
One people stood up, another fell down, and she fell down for him. Since they met on the southbound train, she made too many voluntary sacrifices. If the wife really could never stand up again, then what was the meaning of her husband's success today for her? She was a doctor, a good wife and mother, and a person dedicated to art. Her contributions could never be rewarded, and she could not leave a mark on any art classic, but only painful memories engraved in her husband's heart.<br />
<br />
画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼眶里滚动。 <br />
<br />
The painter ran down the street to the hospital, a storm stirring up in his heart. His eyes were wet, white tears rolling in his eyes.<br />
<br />
他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:一种是诚实的艺术家;另一种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。 <br />
<br />
He thought of the two kinds of people who were closest to art in the wide world. One was the honest artist; the other was the person who did not know art but was pure and simple, such as his lovely wife.<br />
<br />
他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少一些吗?<br />
<br />
They didn’t have other intention, just for art. To recognize their hard work was the minimum to tolerate the existence of art. But they suffered too much beyond art. Couldn’t they suffer less?<br />
<br />
他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。 <br />
<br />
He walked on the street in Beijing, his tearful eyes shining with anticipation.<br />
<br />
后记: <br />
<br />
Postscript:<br />
<br />
本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又过了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世事变迁未可尽述。 <br />
<br />
After this article was published, the heroine recovered after treatment. A few years later, the hero went to the U.S. alone. And many things had changed and it was impossible to mention them all.<br />
<br />
——作者 <br />
<br />
--Author<br />
<br />
（原载《十月》1980年6月） <br />
<br />
(Originally published in ''October'', June 1980)<br />
<br />
==卷一：10.热血男儿Hot-blooded Man==<br />
热血男儿 Hot-blooded Man<br />
<br />
李士非 Li Shifei<br />
<br />
满腔的热血已经沸腾。 <br />
<br />
The hot blood all over the body has been boiling.<br />
<br />
——《国际歌》 <br />
<br />
--''The Internationale'' (Chinese Version)<br />
<br />
一、能见到袁庚吗？ <br />
<br />
I. Can I See Yuan Geng?<br />
<br />
在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天，蛇口工业区和它的领导人袁庚，名扬国内外，越来越引人注目。 <br />
<br />
When the wave of reform is surging today, Shekou Industrial Zone and its leader, Yuan Geng, are becoming more and more famous at home and abroad.<br />
<br />
但是，我接受写袁庚的任务，未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他，手头也没有积累多少关于他的资料，而且听说采访他很困难：他是香港招商局常务副董事长（人们因此亲切地称他为袁董），大部分时间在香港，每到蛇口，都忙得不可开交，实在抽不出时间接受采访。 <br />
<br />
However, it was a bit risky for me to accept the task of writing about Yuan Geng. I had never met him and had not accumulated much information about him, and I heard that it was difficult to interview him: He was the executive vice chairman of China Merchants Hong Kong (so people affectionately called him Chairman Yuan). He spent most of the time in Hong Kong. Every time he came to Shekou, he was too busy and didn’t have time for interviews.<br />
<br />
但是，过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观，听过介绍，看过录像，袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣，接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口来，这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。 <br />
<br />
But after the past several times accompanying writers from other provinces to visit Shekou, listening to the introduction, and watching the video, Yuan Geng and Shekou aroused my strong interest. If I accepted the writing task, I could come to Shekou. The temptation was irresistible.<br />
<br />
”能见到袁庚吗？”“即使见不到袁庚也要写！”所谓“冒险”，无非是写不出或写不好，个人面子不好看罢了，比起袁庚和他的朋友们从事改革所冒的风险，简直是微不足道的。 <br />
<br />
"Can I meet Yuan Geng?" "Even if I can't see Yuan Geng, I’ll still write!" The so-called "risk" simply means that I couldn’t write or couldn’t write well, which would make me look bad. But compared to the risk taken by Yuan Geng and his friends in reform, it was simply insignificant.<br />
<br />
仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气，到这里待一些日子也是值得的。 <br />
<br />
It was worth staying here for a few days just to breathe the air of reform in Shekou.<br />
<br />
“如果你只能待很短的时间，我劝你趁早打退堂鼓，不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意，开弓没有回头箭，退堂鼓是不好打的。 <br />
<br />
"If you can only stay for a short time, I’d advise you to pull back sooner rather than later and don’t make the mistake of a screenwriter again." A kind friend advised me in this way. I appreciated his kindness. But there was no turning back of an arrow once it was shot. It was not easy to pull back.<br />
<br />
二、夜访梁宪 <br />
<br />
Ⅱ. Pay a Call on Liang Xian at Night<br />
<br />
在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口，袁庚出国去了，说是7月底或8月初才能回来。最了解他的一个人，东江纵队时期就和他一起工作，现任蛇口工业区顾问的许智明，到澳大利亚探亲去了，归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同，“时间就是金钱，效率就是生命”，白天工作紧张，找人谈话很难，晚上访问也要事先约定，因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰上袁庚的儿子袁中印，《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意，他马上说：“有什么好写的？这么多人写过了，要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受了乃父的影响，不大欢迎采访。”慢慢来吧，我一定要找你的。”我心里说。 <br />
<br />
It was not easy to interview in Shekou. When I arrived in Shekou in mid-July, Yuan Geng went abroad. I learned that he would be back by the end of July or early August. One of the people who knew him best, Xu Zhiming, who worked with him in the East River Column and was now the counselor of Shekou Industrial Zone, went to Australia to visit his family and his return date was still uncertain. The pace of work here was very different from that of the mainland, where "time is money and efficiency is life." There were many works by day, so it was difficult to find people to have a talk with. Visiting at night also had to be arranged in advance because many formal and informal meetings were held at night. One day I met Yuan Geng's son Yuan Zhongyin in the elevator of the office building. A reporter of ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'', Comrade Chen Yihao introduced my intention of coming here to him, he immediately said, "What is there to write? So many people have written about it. If you want to publish a book, you can collect them." I thought that he was influenced by his father, not very welcome interviews. “Take it a step at a time. I must find you." I said in my heart.<br />
<br />
多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙，约定了一天晚上9点钟去访问工业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人，穿过海滨花园，沐着海风，经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边，漫步走向梁宪的住处。早已听说，他1962年毕业于中山大学外语系，是梁宗岱教授的高足，对法国文学很有研究。果然，一见之下，我就感到他是一个充满艺术气质的人。 <br />
<br />
Thanks to the help of Comrade Huang Hongjian, a female writer and screenwriter of the Pearl River Film Studio who was the deputy director of the office here, we made an arrangement to visit Liang Xian, a member of the management committee of the Industrial Zone, at 9 o'clock one night. Huang Hongjian, Chen Yihao, and I walked through the seaside garden with the sea breeze, passed by Minghua ship of "Sea World” with brilliant light, and strolled towards Liang Xian's residence. I had already heard that he graduated from the Department of Foreign Languages of Sun Yat-sen University in 1962, who was a student of Professor Liang Zongdai and knew a lot about French literature. Sure enough, I felt that he was a man full of artistic temperament at first sight.<br />
<br />
他掏出港币，买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客，然后和我们谈笑风生。 <br />
<br />
He pulled out Hong Kong dollars and bought a few cans of iced Coca-Cola to entertain us, and then talked and laughed with us.<br />
<br />
“你们是文人，我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人，她在中央戏剧学院教书。我对她说：你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的，但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。中国像你们这样的文人太多，像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一句英语，“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙，黄虹坚一时也没反应过来，陈宜浩翻译说：”他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑起来。 <br />
<br />
"You are men of letters, and I’m a businessman. I gave up writing and engaged in business. My wife is also a man of letters, who teaches at the Central Academy of Drama. I said to her: Tang and Song poetry you talk about are very beautiful, but they can't solve the problem of the people's hunger. There are too many literati like you in China, and too few businessmen like me." He suddenly spoke an English sentence to Huang Hongjian, "I will change you into a business woman." I was baffled, and Huang Hongjian didn't understand at the moment, and Chen Yihao translated, "He said he would change you into a business woman.” We all laughed happily.<br />
<br />
梁宪大学毕业的时候，老百姓正在饿肚子，大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法国文学的尖子，后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作，比袁庚晚半年多一点。袁庚很器重他，有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。 <br />
<br />
When Liang Xian graduated from university, people were starving, and probably no unit needed a top student who studied French literature. Then he went to the Ministry of Communications. He was sent to work for the China Merchants Hong Kong in July 1979, more than half a year later than Yuan Geng. Yuan Geng thought highly of him, and some people said that he was Yuan Geng's "think-tank man".<br />
<br />
“我去香港的时候，老婆说：最怕你没骨气，没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是有的，外派干部只要有一点热血，就不是追求几大件，而是感到抬不起头来！ <br />
<br />
"When I went to Hong Kong, my wife said: What I fear the most is that you don’t have the backbone. If you don’t have it, let’s get divorced sooner rather than later. Of course I have it. As long as dispatched cadres have a little passion, they would not pursue some popular household items, but feel embarrassed to keep the head up!”<br />
<br />
“刚到香港，每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐，一串串的，海上漂着偷渡者的尸体，我们不能忍受，啪一声把电视关了。 <br />
<br />
“When I just arrived in Hong Kong, I watched TV every day to see young stowaways in chains of handcuffs, and dead bodies of stowaways floating in the sea. We could not bear it and snapped the TV off.”<br />
<br />
“我们国内建设搞不好，连一些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们，心里真难受呀。所以，我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过：‘我之所以这么干，是为了实现我入党时的初衷。’” <br />
<br />
“When we didn’t do well in nation-building, even some children of dispatched cadres who grew up in Hong Kong also looked down on us. It hurted a lot. So I understand Yuan Geng's mood for engaging in reform. He said, 'I did it because I wanted to realize the original intention when I joined the CPC.'"<br />
<br />
一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿，梁宪又概括地说： <br />
<br />
His words made my heart heavy. After a pause, Liang Xian said in a nutshell:<br />
<br />
“我熟悉的人当中，有两个热血男儿，一个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛，一个就是袁庚！” <br />
<br />
“There are two hot-blooded men in people who I am familiar with. One is my wife’s godfather Liu Rentao, and the other is Yuan Geng!"<br />
<br />
好一个“热血男儿”！这个词太恰当了，把这两个人相提并论太好了，我不禁怦然心动，觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。 <br />
<br />
What a "hot-blooded man"! This word was so appropriate. Comparing these two people was too good. I couldn’t help but feel excited that I thought I found the best way to Yuan Geng's inner world.<br />
<br />
也真巧，比我年长20岁的刘任涛，是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第一流的眼科专家，共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长，曾为刘伯承元帅安过义眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》，改行当了电影编剧，“文化大革命”中在珠影被诬为“历史反革命”，打断五根肋骨，投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动期间，他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明，不顾自己的政治处境，不顾没有任何医疗条件，决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他：“万一失败，你就是阶级报复，就会重进监狱。”他不听，他终于成功了。”作为医生，我拯救了我的灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀，立下遗嘱：死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
<br />
And coincidentally, Liu Rentao, who is 20 years older than me, is my admired elder and friend. This first-rate eye specialist in China was the director of the Shanghai Labor Hospital in the early days of the People’s Republic of China, and once installed a prosthetic eye for Marshal Liu Bocheng. Later, he became a movie scriptwriter after he wrote a movie script Dove of Peace. During the "Cultural Revolution", he was considered as a “pre-liberation counter-revolutionary" in the Pearl River Film Studio. His five ribs were broken and he was put into prison. When he labored under supervision at the "May 7 Cadre School" in Yingde, he saw a rural woman who was blind due to cataracts, and in spite of his political situation and the lack of any medical conditions, he decided to operate on the patient with a razor blade. A kind people advised him, “If you fail, it will be the class revenge and you’ll go back to prison." He didn't listen to it, and he finally succeeded." As a doctor, I saved my soul." Now he was over 70 years old, and he made a will: After his death, he would dedicate his eyes to the Eye Bank of Sun Yat-sen Medical College. Then he ran around and appealed for the restoration and establishment of schools for blind children...<br />
<br />
刘任涛和袁庚，经历和事业完全不同，但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身精神，是多么相似呵！我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚，觉得对袁庚也开始熟悉了。<br />
<br />
Liu Rentao and Yuan Geng had completely different experiences and careers, but they were patriotic and full of passion with the spirit of dedication. How similar they were! I imagined unfamiliar Yuan Geng from familiar Liu Rentao, thinking that I began to get familiar with Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
三、“冒险家” <br />
<br />
Ⅲ. “Adventurer"<br />
<br />
刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障，要冒风险。袁庚在蛇口进行改革，要冒更大的风险：两年之前，不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影地攻击经济特区嘛！ <br />
<br />
Liu Rentao, as a target of dictatorship, it was risky to use a razor blade to cut cataracts for a poor rural woman. Yuan Geng had to take an even greater risk when he carried out a reform in Shekou: Two years ago, someone wrote an article in the newspaper to assail the Special Economic Zone by insinuation!<br />
<br />
但是，时代毕竟不同了，今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月9日，胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区，袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆，和总书记有一段精彩的对话。 <br />
<br />
But times were different after all. Today's reform was carried out under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee. On February 9, 1983, General Secretary Hu Yaobang visited Shekou Industrial Zone. Yuan Geng opened his mind to the General Secretary, having a good conversation with him.<br />
<br />
袁庚：关于改革问题，现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看，凡是搞改革的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法，最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪，改良主义，结果六君子被杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革，我想不会落得前人这样的下场，我们是在党的领导下进行的，不会有问题吧，我们值得冒这个险！ <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: For the issue of reform, we need to carry out comprehensive reform now. Historically, all those who engaged in reforms came to a bad end. Two thousand years ago, Shang Yang carried out reform and was finally put to death. Wang Anshi’s Reform did not end well either. Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao just advocated constitutional monarchy and practiced reformism, but they were all decapitated. Sun Yat-sen’s reform also failed. Now, I think our reform will not end up like the predecessors. We are under the leadership of the Party. There will be no problem, so we are worth the risk!<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：过去的改革是下层少数人去改，领导者、统治者是压制的。现在不同，我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改，现在和过去根本不同嘛！ <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: In the past, the reform was carried out by a few people at the lower level, while the leaders and rulers were repressive. Now is different. Our leaders are taking the lead to call and urge the subordinates to reform. The present is fundamentally different from the past!<br />
<br />
袁庚：我们感到，我们的干部是不大怕群众的，只怕顶头上司，怕上司不喜欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说，我每次来蛇口，一上码头，前呼后拥的，下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒，就会忘乎所以，久而久之，就不怕群众，不怕下级，因为群众、下级撤不了我的职，我只怕交通部，怕顶头上司，只有他们才能撤我的职。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: We feel that our cadres are not afraid of the masses, but only afraid of their superiors, afraid that their superiors do not like them and then they can’t be leaders. As a small leader, every time I came to Shekou, I walked on the pier with many subordinates crowding around, who feared that they didn’t attend me well. Sometimes I was not sober, I would get carried away, and over time, I am not afraid of the masses, and not afraid of subordinates, because the masses and subordinates can’t dismiss me from my post. I am only afraid of the Ministry of Communications, afraid of my immediate superior. Only they can dismiss me from my post.<br />
<br />
所以，群众监督干部，群众有权选举和罢免干部，这至关重要。我们这里想搞个改革试点，管委会由群众选举产生，每年投一次信任票，如果不信任票超过半数，管委会就得改选，个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公开的、直接的，由群众投票选举的领导班子，就会想群众之所想，急群众之所急，就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手，就有人自动送礼上门，如果头脑不清醒，不能自律，就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装懂，诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部，我相信可以改变一下干部的结构和干部的作风。我们想做这样一个不太小的改革，准备冒一点风险。 <br />
<br />
Therefore, it is crucial that the masses supervise cadres and have the right to elect and dismiss them. We want to carry out a pilot reform here. The management committee is elected by the masses, and a vote of confidence is held once a year. If more than half of the people cast votes of no confidence, the management committee will have to be re-elected. If a member got more than half of the votes of no confidence, he will have to step down. This open and direct leading group, elected following a ballot by the masses, will think what the masses think, worry what the masses worry, and will actually do something good for the masses. Because once some leaders have the power in hand, someone will automatically send gifts to them. If their minds are not sober, they can not be self-disciplined, and will get carried away. There are also some cadres who pretend to understand what they don’t know. If the masses have the right to elect and supervise cadres, I believe we can change the structure of cadres and the work style of cadres. We want to make such a not-so-small reform and are prepared to take some risks.<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：（点头）好！很好！ <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: (nodding) Good! Very good!<br />
<br />
袁庚：总书记说了好，我们就记录在案，马上打报告这样做。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: Since General Secretary said good, we will record it, and immediately report and carry out it.<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿，在哪一出戏里我忘记了，讽刺官僚主义者，他不敢骂台上的官，只敢骂戏台上堂前的鼓。有一段唱词说：”一棵大树腹中空，两头都是皮儿绷，每天上堂敲三下，卟咚卟咚又卟咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛！（全场大笑） <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: (happily standing up) We have a famous dramatist named Guan Hanqing in history. In which play I forget, satirizing bureaucrats, he did not dare to curse the leaders on the stage, only dare to curse the drums in the hall on the stage. There is a line in the librettos of the drama that says: "A big tree is hollow in the belly, whose both ends have tight leather. Every day knocked it three times in the hall. Pu dong, pu dong and pu dong (the sound of a drum beating)." That is “not understanding” (the pronunciation of it in Chinese is similar to “pu dong”)! (all of them laughing)<br />
<br />
党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印，想到一块去了，这在蛇口的发展史上，是应当大书特书的。 <br />
<br />
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPC and the Secretary of the Party Committee of Shekou Industrial Zone shared the same thought. It deserved to be written about in the history of Shekou's development.<br />
<br />
1983年4月24日，选举产生了蛇口工业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22日，按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票？ <br />
<br />
On April 24, 1983, a new management committee of Shekou Industrial Zone was elected. On April 22, 1984, a vote of confidence in the management committee was held as scheduled. Was it necessary to hold a vote of confidence?<br />
<br />
组干处处长虞德海说：“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的，信任票不足半数就得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决，一定要搞信任投票。”投票结果，管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数，袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上，全部投票公开，任人查阅，尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐，如“某某能力低”“某某不堪信任”之类，也不加掩饰。 <br />
<br />
Yu Dehai, the director of the Division of Organizing Cadres, said, "Even I was a little hesitant. Because the result of a vote of confidence is to be fulfilled. If a member got less than half of the votes of confidence, he will have to step down. I thought we might as well carry out public opinion polls. But Yuan Dong was very determined to hold a vote of confidence." The result was that the members of the management committee all got more than half of the votes of confidence, and Yuan Geng got the most. That night, all the votes were open for inspection. Although some of the criticism was very sharp, such as "so-and-so has the low ability”, "so-and-so is untrustworthy" and so on, they didn’t hide their real thoughts.<br />
<br />
这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。 <br />
<br />
This was the most important reform of all in the Shekou Industrial Zone.<br />
<br />
四、“那里不肯放，就辞职！” <br />
<br />
Ⅳ. "If They Refuse to Let You Go, You Quit!"<br />
<br />
选举产生领导班子，定期举行信任投票，这是袁庚深思熟虑的一项决定。 <br />
<br />
The leading group was elected and a vote of confidence was regularly held. It was decided after Yuan Geng’s careful consideration.<br />
<br />
他深深感到，不改革干部制度，不改变干部结构，任何改革都无从谈起，“四化”也只是一句空话。 <br />
<br />
He deeply felt that without reforming the cadre system and changing the structure of cadre, no reform could be done, and the "Four Modernizations" was just a hollow phrase.<br />
<br />
有的领导干部，居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人：“你们大学建多大的桥？”问来访的美国客人：“英国人讲英语，你们美国人讲什么语？”还有人向中央领导同志汇报他到香港考察的收获：“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯！”如此等等，令人啼笑皆非。这样的干部，怎能担当建设”四化”的重任！ <br />
<br />
Some leading cadres even asked the visitors from the University of Cambridge in England: “What size of the bridge does your university build?" and asked the visitors from America: "British speak English, and what language do you Americans speak?" Someone reported to the leading comrades of the Central Committee what he had learned from his visit to Hong Kong, “There is a sea change in my mind!" And so on. It was ridiculous. How could such cadres take on the heavy responsibility of building the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地），指挥部只有二十多个干部的时候，袁庚就开始考虑如何培育一支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命化的干部队伍。1981年，他排除阻カ，毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班，从全国各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说，“我是个冒险家，为了蛇口的改革，我从全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。 <br />
<br />
When Shekou was still in the process of “five accesses and one leveling” (access to water, electricity, road, and natural gas, ventilation, and leveling the ground), and there were only twenty cadres in the headquarters, Yuan Geng began to consider how to cultivate a young, knowledgeable, professional and revolutionary cadres troop. In 1981, he removed the obstruction and decided to organize a training course for business management cadres, recruiting graduates who majored in science and engineering from all over the country. In his words, "I am an adventurer, and for the reform in Shekou, I gathered a group of small adventurers from all over the country".<br />
<br />
当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员，委托交通部下属的交通科学院情报所代为主持，在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。 <br />
<br />
At that time, Shekou Industrial Zone did not have the ability to send its own admissions officers, so it entrusted the Institute of Information of the Academy of Transportation Science under the Ministry of Communications to be in charge of the first exam in Wuhan. The first person to enter the examination room was Wang Chaoliang, an engineer of the Ship’s Hull Laboratory of the Yangtze River Shipping Scientific Research Institute under the Ministry of Communications.<br />
<br />
王潮梁1938年出生于江苏无锡，1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计专业。早在1958年，他就参考外国的资料，在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫原理，并和同学们一道造出了样品，在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是，在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年代，几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机工厂飞机设计室任产品主管设计员，那时生产要听驻厂军代表的，而军代表只相信苏联专家和苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料，翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂，即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂，也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚子气，却毫无办法。岁月如流，王潮梁搞了17年飞机设计，却看到我们的飞机工业比印度还落后；又研制了四年的飞翔船，却看不到一艘飞翔船下水，那种壮志难酬的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会，唯一的名额给了业务上根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培训班招生的广告时，他兴奋极了，“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方，去！”立刻把广告剪下来，郑重地贴在本子上。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province in 1938, and graduated from the Department of Aircraft of Northwestern Polytechnic University with the major of aircraft design in 1960. As long ago as 1958, he was the first person in China to study the principle of air cushion of hydrofoils by referring to foreign materials, and built a sample together with his classmates, which was performed on the Weiming Lake of Peking University. At that time, the British were only half a year ahead of them in their research on hydrofoils. However, in this age when "steel-making" was more valued than scientific research, the research of these few young boys was doomed to failure. After graduation, he was assigned to the aircraft design office of an aircraft factory as a design supervisor. At that time, production had to follow the resident military representatives in the factory, who only trusted Soviet experts and Soviet drawings. For example, it was required to use Ural wood for a certain propeller, and Ukrainian sand for molding. Even if China had better wood and better sand, it was not allowed to change. Wang Chaoliang, who was the new kid on the block, was very angry, but he could do nothing. As the years passed quickly, Wang Chaoliang engaged in aircraft design for 17 years, but saw that our aircraft industry even lagged behind that of India; and he developed a hydrofoil for four years, but could not see a hydrofoil launched. The pain of being difficult to fulfill his aspirations tormented his ambitions. There was an opportunity for a study tour to the Federal Republic of Germany, and the only place was given to the daughter of a minister who was nothing compared to him in the business. When he saw a recruitment advertisement for a training course for business management cadres in Shekou Industrial Zone in the newspaper, he was excited, "Shekou is a place where you have to build a career by your own ability. Go!" He immediately cut out the advertisement and stuck it solemnly on the notebook.<br />
<br />
他第一个走进考场，第一个走出考场。笔试、面试，成绩优良。主持考试的情报所林鸿慈同志下了结论：这是个人才，录取！ <br />
<br />
He was the first to enter and the first to leave the examination room. He got good grades on written examination and oral examination. Comrade Lin Hongci of the Institute of Information, who was in charge of the examination, concluded: This is a talent. Accept!<br />
<br />
但是，在中国有一个很大的矛盾：生产资料是全民所有制，干部却是单位私有制。一个单位可以把一个或一批人才冷藏一辈子。 <br />
<br />
However, there was a big contradiction in China: The means of production were owned by the whole people, but the cadres were privately owned by units. A talent or a group of talents could be shelved by a unit for life.<br />
<br />
长江航运科研所不肯放人。 <br />
<br />
The Yangtze River Shipping Scientific Research Institute refused to let him go.<br />
<br />
1981年11月，袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他，向他汇报了招生的情况，特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。 <br />
<br />
In November 1981, Yuan Geng was hospitalized in Guangzhou. Lin Hongci visited him in the Eastern District of Guangdong Provincial Hospital and reported to him about the enrollment situation, especially about the problem of Wang Chaoliang.<br />
<br />
袁庚很激动。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was very excited.<br />
<br />
“小王是不是党员？” <br />
<br />
"Is Wang a member of the CPC?"<br />
<br />
“不是。” <br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量，开个头，那里不肯放，就辞职！我这里收。最多就是人家去告状，最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先例。告到国务院，我们就把这个同志的情况报上去，中央领导会支持我们。新华社社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开‘干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人在单位不充分发挥作用，又不让调，这个局面不打开是不成的！” <br />
<br />
“It is less difficult to solve if he is not a member of the party. I don’t know if he has the guts to set a precedent. If they refuse to let you go, you quit! I’ll accept you. The most they can do is to complain to superior authorities, and finally to the State Council. I hope one or two comrades will set the precedent. If they complain to the State Council, we will report the situation of this comrade, and the leaders of the Central Committee will support us. Comrade Zeng Tao, the president of Xinhua News Agency, hoped that we could break the 'private ownership of cadres'. Now the problem of brain waste is too serious. People does not play a full role in the unit, and not allowed to transfer. This situation must be changed!"<br />
<br />
林鸿慈被袁庚打动了，写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁，同时通过各种渠道去做说服、疏通工作。终于，用不着王潮梁辞职，单位同意放人了。1982年，王潮梁来到蛇口工业区。 <br />
<br />
Lin Hongci was impressed by Yuan Geng, wrote a letter to tell Wang Chaoliang the content of this conversation, and persuaded Wang’s unit and reconciled the two sides through various channels. Finally, Wang Chaoliang didn’t need to resign, and the unit agreed to let him go. In 1982, Wang Chaoliang came to Shekou Industrial Zone.<br />
<br />
五、企业管理研究生 <br />
<br />
V. Graduate Student Majoring in Business Management<br />
<br />
1982年12月的一天晚上，一个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
<br />
One night in December 1982, a young man in his thirties arrived at Yuan Geng's home in Xiyuan, Beijing.<br />
<br />
这是一次事先约定的会见。 <br />
<br />
It was a pre-arranged meeting.<br />
<br />
年轻人叫余昌民，刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生，工作了八九年，深感中国企业管理的弊病太多，1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。 <br />
<br />
The young man named Yu Changmin, was one of the first group of graduate students in the Department of Business Management at Tsinghua University and just graduated. He was originally a graduate of the Department of Electrical Engineering at Tsinghua University, majoring in Automation. After working for about nine years, he felt that there were too many drawbacks in Chinese business management. In 1979, he returned to Tsinghua University to study for an MBA degree.<br />
<br />
1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年，专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息，《读卖新闻》为此发了专稿，登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了，干什么好呢？ <br />
<br />
In 1980, Yu Changmin went to Japan to study further for a year, specializing in Japanese business management. The Japanese took it as important information, and the ''Yomiuri Shimbun'' published a special article with his picture. Now that Yu Changmin had graduated, what job should he do?<br />
<br />
学校建议他到国家经委属下的中国企业研究协会去，这当然是个专业对口的美差，但是在武汉工作的爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候，蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。 <br />
<br />
The university suggested him to go to the Chinese Association for Enterprise Research under the Chinese National Economic Council, which was a good job in line with his specialty, but it was difficult for his lover who worked in Wuhan to transfer to Beijing. At this time, the wind of the reform in Shekou came to his ears.<br />
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他每星期上街去买《深圳特区报》，得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝，如饥似渴地加以研究。不难判断，蛇口工业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去！决心下定了，系里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会，经朋友介绍，他就来登门拜访了。 <br />
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He went out to buy the ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'' every week. When he got a copy of the earliest ''A Brief Introduction of Investment'', he regarded it as a treasure, and studied it hungrily. It was not difficult to judge that Shekou Industrial Zone was the ideal place to realize his aspirations. Go to Shekou! He made the decision and was supported by the department. Now Yuan Geng was in Beijing for a meeting, so he came to visit him by recommendation of a friend.<br />
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会面的一瞬间，两个人互相观察了一下。 <br />
<br />
At the moment they met, the two men observed each other.<br />
<br />
“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗？穿件中式棉袄，和一般的老干部没啥差别，不是想象中的那个改革家的模样，而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真的值得？” <br />
<br />
"Is this the famous reformer Yuan Geng? Wearing a Chinese cotton jacket, he is no different from ordinary old cadres, not the reformer’s appearance I imagined. And I heard that he is poorly educated... Is it really worth it to work with him?"<br />
<br />
真正的一闪念，没容余昌民多想，袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
<br />
When this really sudden idea did not allow Yu Changmin to think more, Yuan Geng had already enthusiastically offered his seat and poured tea.<br />
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谈话开门见山。 <br />
<br />
The conversation came straight to the point. <br />
<br />
“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里？” <br />
<br />
"What do you think is the fatal problem in China’s economy?"<br />
<br />
“在于体制。” <br />
<br />
"It lies in the system."<br />
<br />
“对了！”袁庚兴奋起来，侃侃而谈，”上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦，说他们要一千人，劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用，那七百是搭配的闲人，你再要，就再搭配，再多余，反正是大锅饭，大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了，还说这是社会主义的优越性！这样，工厂冗员越来越多，工厂成了小社会，在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的，形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ，败坏着我们的民族素质！这样的体制不改革，我们就没有出路！” <br />
<br />
"That's right!" Yuan Geng got excited, and spoke with fervor and assurance, "A director of a shipyard in Shanghai once complained to me, and said they wanted a thousand people, but they needed only three hundred people among the people the labor department allocated, and the other seven hundred people were ideal workers. If they asked for it again, they would be allocated again, then there were more redundant workers. They had to get equal pay anyway. They only needed to be paid in a muddle and said this was the superiority of socialism! In this way, there were more and more redundant workers in the factory. The factory became a small society, where the lazy workers exploited the hard-working workers, forming a terrible social habits force, which corrupted our national quality! If such a system is not reformed, we have no way out!"<br />
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“我的一篇论文，提出了企业的素质问题。” <br />
<br />
"I have a paper that raises the issue of the quality of business."<br />
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“有何高见？” <br />
<br />
"What’s your opinion?"<br />
<br />
“素质，好比基本作用，像女排，形成了她们的基本作风，就有战斗カ。” <br />
<br />
"Quality is like the basic role. For example, the women's volleyball team has formed their basic style, so they are effective.<br />
"<br />
“就把一个企业比作球队吧，假如你是教练，别人随便塞人给你，你怎么办？” <br />
<br />
"Let's compare an enterprise to a team. If you are the coach, what do you do when someone foists a player on you?"<br />
<br />
“我不要。” <br />
<br />
"I will not take it."<br />
<br />
“不要不行！” <br />
<br />
"No, you must take it!"<br />
<br />
“那我不干。” <br />
<br />
"I will disagree with it."<br />
<br />
“对了，就得这样。” <br />
<br />
"That's right. That's how it should be."<br />
<br />
一老一少，越谈越投机，彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处一闪而过的那点疑虑也完全打消了。 <br />
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An old man and a young man, the more they talked, the happier they were, who both felt close to each other. The doubt that flashed through Yu Changmin’s deep heart was completely dispelled.<br />
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“我们这里可要冒点风险。” <br />
<br />
"We have to take some risks here."<br />
<br />
“正因为这样オ要去，建设好了还去干什么？” <br />
<br />
"That's why I want to go there. If it has been built, why do I go there?"<br />
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“你个人有什么要求？” <br />
<br />
"What are your personal requirements?"<br />
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“只要求家属一起去。” <br />
<br />
"I only ask that my family can go with me."<br />
<br />
“这个我们来办。” <br />
<br />
"We will deal with that."<br />
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两个月后，余昌民父亲去世，回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化，系里要留他。企业管理系刚刚建立，工作需要，理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚飞往蛇口，收不回来了。 <br />
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Two months later, Yu Changmin's father died and he came home to the funeral. At this time the school's attitude changed and the department wanted to keep him. The Department of Business Administration had just been established and the work needed him. The reasons were good. But Yu Changmin's heart had already flown to Shekou with Yuan Geng and could not be retrieved.<br />
<br />
1983年3月，袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客，系里派余昌民随行。系领导的目的，是让校长对余昌民有个印象，说服他留下来，同时出面解决他家属的户ロ问题。 <br />
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In March 1983, Yuan Geng invited Liu Da, the president of Tsinghua University, to Shekou, and the department sent Yu Changmin to accompany him. The purpose of the department leaders was to give the president an impression of Yu Changmin, persuade him to stay, and solve his family member’s problem of household registration.<br />
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谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口，袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有，余昌民暗示要做刘达的工作。 <br />
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But it backfired. Once Liu Da and his party arrived in Shekou, Yuan Geng asked Yu Changmin if the transfer had been finalized, and Yu Changmin hinted that he had to do something to persuade Liu Da.<br />
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余昌民再一次请求：”校长，让我来蛇口吧。” <br />
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Yu Changmin asked him again, “President, let me come to Shekou."<br />
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“系里要我帮忙留你，我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。 <br />
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"The department asked me to help to keep you, and I promised it." President Liu looked confused.<br />
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袁庚一再要求支持：”刘达同志，把小余给我们吧，我们迫切需要企业管理的专门人才。” <br />
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Yuan Geng repeatedly asked for support, "Comrade Liu Da, give us Yu. We urgently need a specialist in business management."<br />
<br />
刘达心动了。这位参加过“一二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
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Liu Da was moved. The old comrade who participated in the “December 9th" Movement, was known for “covering up for intellectuals” as early as 1957 when he was the head of the Department of Forestry. He fully understood the need of Shekou and Yuan Geng and Yu Changmin's feelings. But he had to respect the department leaders and promised to solve the solution with the department when he went back.<br />
<br />
回去后，余昌民给系里写了报告，对系里的教育培养表示感谢，说明清华企业管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设，这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都至关重要。 <br />
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When they went back, Yu Changmin wrote a report to the department, expressing his gratitude for the department's education and training, and explaining that the Department of Business Administration at Tsinghua University needed to agree its own graduates to participate in the construction of Shekou, which was crucial for the school’s research and information sources in the future.<br />
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问题迎刃而解。7月，夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。 <br />
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The problem was solved. In July, the procedures of the couple’s transfers were both completed.<br />
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当余昌民到工业区大楼报到的时候，在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口，边走边说：”你是研究企业管理的，你先熟悉一下情况，有把握了再谈工作……” <br />
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When Yu Changmin reported to the Industrial Zone building, he met Yuan Geng outside the building door. Yuan Geng affectionately took his hand and walked from the door to the elevator, saying, “You study the business management. You can familiarize yourself with the situation at first, and then talk about work when you get familiar with it."<br />
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袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信，其中有一段话： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng also wrote a letter of thanks to Liu Da, which included a paragraph:<br />
<br />
关于小余的事，同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失一小余，无妨大局，蛇口得之，如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下，工业区将受其惠。 <br />
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On the matter about Yu, the comrades admire your selflessness so much. Losing Yu couldn’t affect the general situation for Tsinghua, but Sheko will be better after having him... Tsinghua has students all over the world, and the industrial zone will be benefited from it.<br />
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重感情的刘达，把这封信送给了余昌民，让他留作永久的纪念。 <br />
<br />
Liu Da, who valued the relationship, gave this letter to Yu Changmin, letting him keep it as a permanent memorial.<br />
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六、星期天的早晨 <br />
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Ⅵ. Sunday Morning<br />
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星期天早晨8点钟，顾立基刚起床，洗了脸，正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的，大家都熬了夜，现在让他们多睡一会儿吧。顾立基轻手轻脚，唯恐弄出一点声音来。 <br />
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At 8 o'clock on Sunday morning, Gu Liji just got up, washed his face, and was cooking instant noodles. The other four students in the same room were still sleeping soundly. They could turn off the lights late on Saturday night, and everyone stayed up all night, so let them get more sleep now. Gu Liji was cautious, lest he made a little noise.<br />
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“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗？” <br />
<br />
"Excuse me, does Comrade Gu Liji live here?"<br />
<br />
门外传来一个声音。顾立基一看，走廊上站着一个六十多岁的老人和一个姑娘。 <br />
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A voice came from outside the door. Gu Liji saw an old man in his sixties and a girl standing in the corridor.<br />
<br />
“我就是顾立基，您是？” <br />
<br />
"I am Gu Liji, and may I know who you are?"<br />
<br />
“我是袁庚，蛇口的袁庚。”老人首先伸出手来，“这是我女儿尼亚，她不放心我的身体，一定要陪我来，其实我的身体还可以。你看，骑了半小时车子，轻松愉快。” <br />
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"I'm Yuan Geng, Yuan Geng from Shekou." The old man first extended his hand, "This is my daughter Nia. She is worried about my health, and she must come with me. But I’m okay. You see, it’s easy and pleasant to ride the bike for half an hour.”<br />
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顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 <br />
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Gu Liji never dreamed that the famous Yuan Geng would come to the dormitory of Tsinghua University to see him.<br />
<br />
他深受感动。 <br />
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He was deeply moved.<br />
<br />
“我们到楼下谈吧，同学们还在睡觉。” <br />
<br />
"Let's talk downstairs. The students are still sleeping."<br />
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楼下有一张靠背长椅，三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨，不冷不热，阳光和煦，轻风拂面，校园一片宁静的气氛。 <br />
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There was a bench downstairs, and the three of them sat down side by side. In the morning of May, it was not cold or hot, the sun was warm, with a refreshing breeze blowing, and the campus was in a peaceful atmosphere.<br />
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“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会？” <br />
<br />
"I heard that you organized an association of enthusiasts of business management?"<br />
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“是的，现在会员有一千多人了，成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。” <br />
<br />
"Yes. There are more than a thousand members now, and Liu Da and Yu Guangyuan both came to attend the founding meeting."<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长？” <br />
<br />
"I also heard that you want to be the factory director?"<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊，”顾立基笑了，“我是说过想当厂长，为此还惹过一些麻烦呢。” <br />
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"You're well informed," Gu Liji laughed, "I did say that I wanted to be the factory director, and I got into some trouble for that."<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦？” <br />
<br />
"What kind of trouble?"<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。” <br />
<br />
"Someone said I was ambitious."<br />
<br />
“岂有此理！想当个厂长是什么野心！‘不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’，这是拿破仑说的还是谁说的？一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对！” <br />
<br />
"It is nonsense! What kind of ambition is it to want to be a factory director? 'A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier', was said by Napoleon or others? There's nothing wrong with a college student wanting to be a factory director!"<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的，但是我感到中国更需要管理人才，所以主动旁听了企业管理系研究生的全部课程。” <br />
<br />
"I majored in computer science, but I felt that China needed management talents more, so I actively sit in on all the courses that graduate students of the Department of Business Administration took as an observer".<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧，我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班，要培养大量的管理人才。” <br />
<br />
"Go to Shekou. We have a training course for business management cadres, and we have to train a large number of management talents."<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像，我的心就动了，只是还没下定决心。” <br />
<br />
"When I saw a video about Shekou last November, my heart moved, but I just hadn’t made up my mind yet."<br />
<br />
“现在呢？” <br />
<br />
"And now?"<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了，去蛇口。” <br />
<br />
"Now I've made up my mind to go to Shekou."<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗？” <br />
<br />
"Good! We welcome you! Do you have any difficulties?"<br />
<br />
有什么困难？1982年的初夏，社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的，有人在报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界，影射特区有变成租界的危险，造成一股无形的压力，因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些，可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的人在一起，冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去，下属工厂任他挑选，这些，对他有一定的吸引力。他自从1967年中学毕业，1968年进上海印染机械修配厂，十年中当过锅炉工、车工、錠工、钳工、电工，当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为，1974年顾立基和他们争吵过一次，挨了批斗，却受到工人们的同情，和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要毕业了，朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查，他是材料组的负责人，如果不来上大学，早就走上领导岗位了，现在回去，工作安排是不成问题的。但是，陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大，他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的是，母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房，姐妹们都在外地，母亲希望他留在身边，爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
What were the difficulties? In the early summer of 1982, there was still a lot of criticism in society about the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. Some people wrote articles in the newspapers about foreign settlements in old China, insinuating that the Special Economic Zone was in danger of becoming a foreign settlement, which created an invisible pressure, so some people said "the future of the Special Economic Zone is uncertain”. These could be disregarded. Gu Liji wanted to be with someone like Yuan Geng, and it was worth the risk. The company in Shanghai wanted him to go back, and the subordinate factories could be selected by him, which had a certain appeal to him. He graduated from high school in 1967, and joined the Shanghai Printing and Dyeing Machinery Repair Factory in 1968, and worked as a boilermaker, lathe worker, ladle man, bench worker, electrician, and full-time secretary of the Youth League general branch for ten years. Because he did not like the bad things done by the factory rebel group which was controlled by Wang Hongwen's little brothers, Gu Liji quarreled with them in 1974 and then was criticized, but was sympathized by the workers, who established a deep relationship with them. Now he was about to graduate from college, and his friends wanted him to go back. If he had not come to college, he would have taken a leading position. After the “Gang of Four" was smashed, the factory checked the people involved. He was the person in charge of the material group. If he didn't go to university, he would have been a leader. If he went back now, the working arrangement was not a problem. However, the unfamiliar Shekou was more attractive to him than the familiar Shanghai, so he still wanted to choose Shekou. The trouble was that his mother and lover did not agree with him leaving Shanghai. Shanghai had spacious housing. His sisters were abroad, so his mother wanted him to stay around, not to mention his lover's attachment to Shanghai. This was also human nature.<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。 <br />
<br />
"I have to convince my mother and my lover." Gu Liji was embarrassed to say with a smile.<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口，使他动了感情，他滔滔不绝地发起议论来。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng could understand and believe in young men very much. Gu Liji resolutely chose Shekou, which moved him, and he talked volubly. <br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办一个工业区呢？为了在那块地方搞改革，搞全面的改革，从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度，都要改，不改就没有出路。过去三十年，极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候，海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体，都是青年，他们为什么要跑？因为我们穷！ <br />
<br />
"Your choice is right. Shekou has ample scope for your abilities. Why do we want to run an industrial zone in Shekou? In order to carry out a reform in that area, to carry out a comprehensive reform, from business management, and personnel system to the wage system, all have to be changed. Without change there is no way out. Over the past 30 years, we have suffered from the thought of the extreme 'left’ and the rigid system. When we first arrived in Shekou in early 1979, the bodies of stowaways were found in the bay, which were all young people. Why did they run away? Because we were poor! <br />
<br />
“‘四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’，越搞跑的人越多。一些村子的青壮年几乎跑光了，真叫人欲哭无泪！蛇口对面就是香港的元朗，相隔只有6000米，晴天能看到它的高楼，它就是在我们‘十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了，必须把经济搞上去，这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公里，对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛，我们改革成功了，对全国就有很大的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛，无伤大局。当然，我们一定要尽最大的努力，争取成功，避免失败。我们这一代人是老了，当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时候，时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……” <br />
<br />
"Why did the 'Gang of Four' conduct 'Political frontier defense’. More people ran away. Some of the young and strong people of the village almost ran away. It really made us want to cry! Across the sea from Shekou is Yuen Long in Hong Kong, only 6,000 meters apart. We can see the tall buildings there on a clear day. It was developed during our 'Ten Years of Turmoil'. We can't do meaningless things anymore. We must increase the economy, so we must reform the backward system. Although Shekou Industrial Zone is only 2.14 square kilometers, which is just a drop for the country's 9.6 million square kilometers. If our reform is successful, it will be of great significance to the country. If we fail, it is also a drop in the bucket, which doesn't affect the whole. Of course, we must do our best to strive for success and avoid failure. Our generation is old, and we don't have much time when we realize that we have to do something. So hope is pinned on you..."<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动，身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚，望着自己的父亲，眼睛也有点热了…… <br />
<br />
Gu Liji felt his blood flowing faster and his body was very hot. Nya, who had not made a sound, looked at his father and his eyes also felt a little hot...<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会 <br />
<br />
VII. Press Conference<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来，当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书，1984年4月被聘为办公室主任。 <br />
<br />
After Gu Liji came out of the training course, he worked as the industrial zone office secretary for a period of time and was hired as the office director in April 1984.<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚，因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口，听说顾立基6日一早要去香港，5日晚我去登门拜访。 <br />
<br />
I didn't see Yuan Geng in July and returned to Guangzhou for business. I returned to Shekou on August 5, and heard that Gu Liji was going to Hong Kong early in the morning on the 6th. I came to visit him on the evening of the 5th.<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告，我为了听这个报告，推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的，谁都可以听，欢迎你去。”一见面顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。 <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng is back in Hong Kong and will return to Shekou tomorrow afternoon. He will give a report at 7:30 p.m. in the club auditorium. I postponed my trip to Hong Kong for a day in order to listen to this report. The report was public that anyone can listen to it. Welcome to listen." As soon as we met, Gu Liji told me the good news.<br />
<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗？” <br />
<br />
"Could he have time to talk to me?"<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难，他在蛇口不会待太久，一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告，你最好陪他回宿舍——他儿子的住处，或者宾馆，这样边走边谈，可以谈十来分钟……” <br />
<br />
"I'm afraid it's difficult. He won't stay long in Shekou and has many things to deal with once he returns. After hearing the report tomorrow, you'd better accompany him back to his dormitory--his son's residence, or the hotel, so that you can talk for ten minutes while walking..."<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗？ <br />
<br />
I was a little disappointed. Was Yuan Geng really so hard to see?<br />
<br />
不管怎样，先听听他的报告再说吧。 <br />
<br />
Anyway, listened to his report first.<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半，袁庚的报告准时开始。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng's report began on time at 7:30 p.m. on August 6.<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影，大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。今天这个会也叫新闻发布会，街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂，基本上坐满了，放眼望过去，都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。 <br />
<br />
The club's auditorium was usually used to show movies, and large-scale rallies and press conferences were sometimes held here. Today's meeting was also called a press conference, and there were posters on the street. The auditorium, which could accommodate over a thousand people, was almost full. Looking around, there were all young and happy faces. <br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上，顾立基主持大会。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng and the manager of the China Merchants Hong Kong Development Department Xiong Bingquan, who visited abroad with him, sat on the rostrum while Gu Liji presided over the conference.<br />
<br />
一开始，袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说： <br />
<br />
At the beginning, Yuan Geng laughingly shook two sheets of paper and said:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕，只讲个把钟头。” <br />
<br />
"Don't be afraid, everyone. I only speak for one or two hours."<br />
<br />
人们笑了，其实怕的是他讲得太短。 <br />
<br />
People laughed. They were actually afraid that he spoke too short.<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问，历时23天，访问了4个国家、16个公司、18个城市，从新加坡开始，往西到英国，再到美国、日本，整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处，受到隆重的、破格的接待，我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们四个人，而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化，在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到做蛇口人的光荣。” <br />
<br />
"This trip abroad lasted 23 days, and visited 4 countries, 16 companies, and 18 cities, starting from Singapore, west to the United Kingdom, and then to the United States, Japan, going around the world. Everywhere we went, we received a grand and exceptional reception, which I have never received as a diplomat. This is not because people value the four of us, but because of the changes in China Merchants Group and Shekou Industrial Zone. All of you have contributed. I deeply appreciate the honor of being a Shekou people."<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张，出国访问要花自己的钱，花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、软弱的地位。这次出访，他们带了20万美金的信用卡，足够用了，所到之处都坚持这个原则，唯独在新加坡失灵了。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng always advocated that he needed to spend his own money on overseas visits. Spending other people's money would put him in a passive and weak position in negotiations. On this trip, they brought $200,000 in credit cards, enough to use. He adhered to this principle everywhere he went, except in Singapore.<br />
<br />
那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系，但新加坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检，从飞机场一直送到最高级的香格里拉大酒店，袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前，这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫人；在他之后，住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨），每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观什么项目，全部满足要求。 <br />
<br />
At that time we didn't have diplomatic relations with Singapore, but the relevant party in Singapore was very friendly. They were exempt from customs inspection, and were sent from the airport to the top-class Shangri-La Hotel, where Yuan Geng was put in the most luxurious "presidential suite" (before him, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher stayed here; after him, U.S. Secretary of State Schultz lived), with a daily room rate of HK$5,000. Their all requirements are met, no matter what they wanted to visit.<br />
<br />
临走结账时，酒店经理说：“在你们到来之前，已经有人付了全部费用。” <br />
<br />
When they checked out before leaving, the hotel manager said, "Someone had already paid the full cost before you came."<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁，英国老板们在海员罢工浪潮的冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们，给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说：“我们原打算3年之内种植20万株月季，把蛇口建成玫瑰之城，现在看来太落后了……” <br />
<br />
They visited Aberdeen, the logistical base of the North Sea Oil Field in Britain. They were impressed by the warm and courteous reception that they received from British bosses who were under the impact of the wave of seamen's strikes. They were equally impressed by the boundless blooming roses in the north of England." We originally planned to plant 200,000 China roses in three years to turn Shekou into a city of roses, but now it seems too far behind..." Yuan Geng said.<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国，主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。 <br />
<br />
The visit focused on the United States, and the main task was to sign a contract for the introduction of a float glass factory.<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡，大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。 <br />
<br />
In Pittsburgh, the Greater Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce honored Yuan Geng as an honorary member.<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔，华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民，交给他一把金钥匙。女市长在宴会上说：“我是百分之百的中国人，也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说：“我很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判，就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过，”在经济问题上，兄弟无情，六亲不认！何况是与外国人谈判！” <br />
<br />
In Montreal, the American Chinese mayoress, Lily Lee Chen, declared Yuan Geng an honorary citizen and handed him a golden key. The mayoress said at the banquet, "I am 100 percent Chinese and 100 percent American." Yuan Geng said, "I appreciate her words." The negotiations about the introduction of the float glass factory were not so easy. Yuan Geng said, "In economic matters, I am ruthless to brothers and place righteousness above family loyalty! Not to mention that I am negotiating with foreigners!"<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前，有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过的曲折。 <br />
<br />
Before appreciating Yuan Geng's art of negotiation, it was necessary to review the twists and turns at home to introduce the factory.<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。 <br />
<br />
let's use Yuan Geng's words to illustrate the point.<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日，袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说： <br />
<br />
On March 22, 1984, Yuan Geng said in a speech to the students of the third training course for business management cadres:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件，大家听了很高兴，但我们不要高兴得过早。不要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了，但官僚主义、红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事，还是有的。例如我们正在谈判的浮法玻璃厂，到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃，为什么不准我们用最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ？最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局交涉。她们去的时候，人家一口答应，讲你们回去好了，但等我们企业室派人带合同去盖章的时候，又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干，他们讲：‘你们派了记者、作家来，我敢不答应吗？弄得不好，你们要写报告文学，写内参，我受得了吗’？……” <br />
<br />
"The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a document on March 10. We are very happy to hear it, but we should not be happy too early. Do not think that everything is solved after they said something. The previous open challenges may be gone, but there are still bureaucracy, jealous men, people who guess the mind of a man of high character with a mean thought, and things of giving others a hard time. For example, float glass factory that we are negotiating for has not been approved until now. Our country has to import a large number of glass every year, why are we not allowed to use the most advanced technology to make glass to replace into the imported glass? We recently sent two capable women to the General Administration of Building Materials to negotiate. When they arrived, the people here freely agreed and said they could go back in peace, but when our enterprise office sent someone to Take the contract to be sealed, they overruled it. When we asked why they did it, they said: 'You sent journalists and writers. Did I dare not say yes? If we didn't do well, you would write reportage and internal references, could I stand it'? ..."<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨，交涉了九个月，オ过了国内这一关。 <br />
<br />
Good things never come easy. They negotiated for nine months to overcome this domestic difficulty.<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判，当然不可能用这么长的时间，但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想而知的。 <br />
<br />
Of course, it could not take such a long time to negotiate with the Americans, but the level of intensity of the bargaining could be imagined.<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂，简直是一座玻璃城！它生产各式各样的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃，用25磅大锤从20米外打去，地皮都震动了，玻璃却安然无恙。我们和美国合资，投资一亿美元，引进一座同样的工厂，买他的专利，以后我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点，集中在每年所付专利费占销售总额的百分比上。 <br />
<br />
The American float glass factory was a factory with advanced technology, which was totally a glass city! It produced all kinds of glass. There was a kind of toughened glass that was hit with a 25-pound sledgehammer from 20 meters away and the ground shook, but the glass stayed intact. We had a joint venture with the United States. We invested $100 million to bring in the factory and buy its patents. Then we could build a second and a third. It was a good deal. And the negotiations focused on the percentage of the annual royalties to be paid in total sales.<br />
<br />
美方要6%，我们还价4%。 <br />
<br />
The U.S. side wanted 6%, and we bargained for 4%.<br />
<br />
美方降到5%，我们加到4.5%。 <br />
<br />
The U.S. side dropped to 5%, and we increased to 4.5%.<br />
<br />
寸利必争，形成僵局。 <br />
<br />
They competed for their own profit, and a stalemate was formed.<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng spoke.<br />
<br />
“先生们，我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针，2000年前发明了火药，全人类都在享受这些伟大的成果，可是他们从来没有要过什么专利，我们作为后代从来没有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋，而是觉得光荣。请问各位，那时候你们的祖先在哪里？恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前，是不是毛特别多……” <br />
<br />
"Gentlemen, our ancestors invented the compass 4,000 years ago, and gunpowder 2,000 years ago. All the human beings enjoy these great achievements, but the ancestors never asked for any patents. We as future generations have never called them bastards because of it, but feel honored. May I ask you, where were your ancestors at that time? I am afraid they were still in the trees. Please look at your chests, are they very hairy..."<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前，一个个咧嘴笑了。 <br />
<br />
The Americans really looked down at their chests, and all grinned.<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕，我的意思不是不付专利费，而是要求公平合理r’ <br />
<br />
"But don't be afraid. I don't mean not to pay the royalties, but to ask you to be fair and reasonable!”<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格，坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们，说不定会抗议呢！”你骂我们的祖先，是可忍，孰不可忍！” <br />
<br />
This was typical Yuan Geng's style, frank, humorous and witty. It worked on Americans. If it were us, might have protested! "You scolded our ancestors. If this can be tolerated, what can not!"<br />
<br />
终于达成协议：4.75%，为期10年。 <br />
<br />
An agreement was finally reached: 4.75 percent for 10 years.<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进一个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂，专利费是5%，时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说： <br />
<br />
This was quite favorable. A major city introduced a British glass factory whose technology was not so advanced, with a royalty rate of 5% for 12 years. Yuan Geng finally said passionately:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处，绝不能走美国的路！ <br />
<br />
"The United States centralized the best and the worst things in the world. We have to learn from its strengths and never go the way of the United States!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退，工业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走，他们还有点生气，现在停滞不前了。 <br />
<br />
"The world economy is in recession and the industrial structure is being reorganized. Five years ago I went around the world and they were a little angry. Now they are stagnant.<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方，转移到太平洋沿岸。 <br />
<br />
"Some say the center of the world economy is going to shift to the East, to the Pacific coast, in the late 1980s.<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了，现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈，今天下午四点半一踏上蛇口码头，就感到无比的清新，感到一草一木都非常亲切。 <br />
<br />
"Our system has made people lazy in the past, and now it's changing. This time I traveled around the world. As soon as I stepped on the Shekou Pier at 4:30 this afternoon, I felt much refreshed and felt that everything was very familiar.<br />
<br />
“10月1日，蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话，那是大家的功劳！ <br />
<br />
"On October 1, the Shekou's float will pass in front of Tian'anmen Square! If it is thrilling, it's the contribution of everyone!<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的，思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上，我们一定要赶上和超过他们！” <br />
<br />
"The capitalist world is rich in material things and poor in mind. We are moving up. We must catch up and surpass them!" <br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时，宣布散会了，大家意犹未尽。 <br />
<br />
After only one and a half hours, the meeting was declared closed. People were still being immersed.<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了，我放弃了跟上去的打算。 <br />
<br />
When Yuan Geng walked out of the meeting place, he was immediately surrounded by people. I gave up the intention of following him.<br />
<br />
八、“搞什么阴谋诡计？” <br />
<br />
Ⅷ. "What Schemes and Intrigues You Want to Go in for?"<br />
<br />
8月7日，袁庚开了一整天会，据说8日也不会有空，而9日一早又要回香港了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上，我给他写了一封信，说明这一次如果不能和他交谈，我将等待，直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨，我把这封信交给了工业区党委副书记乔胜利，请他转交。 <br />
<br />
On August 7th, Yuan Geng spent the day in meetings. It was said that he would not be free on the 8th, while he would go back to Hong Kong early in the morning on the 9th. I had no hope of seeing him in the next two days. In the evening, I wrote him a letter explaining that if I could not talk to him this time, I would wait until his next trip from Hong Kong. Early on the morning of the 8th, I handed the letter to Qiao Shengli, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of the Industrial Zone, asking him to deliver it.<br />
<br />
8日上午，我到办公大楼访问王潮梁，两人刚坐下来，办公室副主任黄振超匆匆忙忙地叫我：“袁董回来了，快去见他！” <br />
<br />
On the morning of the 8th, I visited Wang Chaoliang at the office building. As soon as they sat down, Huang Zhenchao, deputy director of the office, called me hurriedly, “Mr. Yuan is back. Go and see him!"<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉，说明另改时间，急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。 <br />
<br />
I apologized to Wang Chaoliang, explaining to him to change the time, and hurriedly followed Huang Zhenchao toward Yuan Geng's office.<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的，中间隔着大块的透明玻璃，老远就看见了袁庚，他手里正拿着一大摞文件。 <br />
<br />
The industrial zone office and Yuan Geng's office were connected, separated by a large piece of transparent glass. I saw Yuan Geng far away. He was holding a large pile of papers.<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候，黄振超在旁边向他说明：”只是见见面，不会占你很多时间。” <br />
<br />
When I shook hands with him, Huang Zhenchao explained to him from the side, "Just to see you. It won't take up much of your time."<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng, however, smiled and said casually: <br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的？来搞什么阴谋诡计？” <br />
<br />
"You're from ''Flower City''? What schemes and intrigues do you want to go in for?"<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了，而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。 <br />
<br />
A joke shortened the distance between us, and I felt that there seemed to be some kind of subtext behind this sentence.<br />
<br />
我知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。 <br />
<br />
I knew Yuan Geng was also quite concerned about the problems of literature and arts. <br />
<br />
梁宪说过，前几年在北京开会，有一天袁庚看了张洁的小说《爱，是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章，问他：”你认识这个作家吗？咱们把她请到蛇口去！”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所了解的，“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。 <br />
<br />
Liang Xian said that when he went to Beijing for a meeting a few years ago, one day Yuan Geng read Zhang Jie's novel ''Love must not be forgotten'' and related critiques, and asked him: "Do you know this writer? Let's invite her to Shekou!" I believe he knew something about the ''Flower City'', which had been attracting a lot of attention in the past few years, and the joke of "schemes and intrigues" was said not without reason.<br />
<br />
我也笑着说： <br />
<br />
I also said with a smile:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋，要写你和蛇口。” <br />
<br />
"I want to go in for the overt conspiracy. I want to write about you and Shekou."<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下，舒服地往藤椅上一靠，摆出了准备谈一阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好，这里问题多得很，改革每前进一步都要经过斗争，到处充满着矛盾。” <br />
<br />
He led me to the small parlor between the two offices and sat down, leaning back comfortably in a rattan chair and assuming a posture as if he was ready to talk for a long time." I don't have anything to write about. Don't say everything is good here. There are many problems. Every step forward in reform has to fight for, and everywhere is full of contradictions."<br />
<br />
我说：”正是这一点吸引了我。” <br />
<br />
I said, "That's what attracted me."<br />
<br />
“一个国家没有民主是不行的，而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国，政治家演说，群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿扔他，他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的，但这一套对巩固资产阶级的统治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底，孙中山是想搞民主的，他死得太早，没搞成。中华民族是伟大的，但是历史的包袱太重了。” <br />
<br />
"A country can't be better without democracy, and there is no democracy when the masses don't have the right to supervise and oust cadres. We have reformed the cadre system. In foreign countries, when a politician makes a speech, the masses can throw rotten eggs and tomatoes at him, and he still speaks with an umbrella in the way. You say his democracy is fake, but it's useful for consolidating the rule of the bourgeoisie. We should practice socialist democracy. China's bourgeois democratic revolution was not complete. Sun Yat-sen wanted democracy, but he died too early to achieve it. The Chinese nation is great, but the historic burdens are too heavy."<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说： <br />
<br />
Huang Hongjian, who came in halfway, interjected and said:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿，她在美国学企业管理，谈起来也说：在美国深有感慨，感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重。 <br />
<br />
"I recently received the daughter of a comrade in charge of the central committee. She studied business management in the United States. She also said that in the United States, she had a deep feeling that our great nation's historic burdens are too heavy.<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族，就没有什么框框，我在报告会上也说了，他们的总督牌香烟广告有一句口号是’想做就去做’，这句话香港也接受不了，译成’应做就去做’。当然，想干什么就干什么是不行的，但我们许多应干的事却干不成。” <br />
<br />
"As a nation, the United States hasn't many restrictions. As I said in the report meeting, their Viceroy cigarettes has a slogan in advertising 'If it's right, do it', this phrase can not be accepted in Hong Kong, translated as ‘do what you have to do’. Of course, we shouldn't do what we want, but we can't accomplish many of the things we have to do."<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历，他扼要地做了回答，着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命”中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时，这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来，微笑着站在那里不动，我知道是催他去开会，我们的谈话该结束了。 <br />
<br />
Then I asked him about his experience, and he gave a brief answer, focusing on his joining the Communist Party and his imprisonment during the "Cultural Revolution". We had been talking for almost an hour when Wang Jingui, deputy director of the Management Committee, walked in and stood still with a smile. I knew he was urging him to go to the meeting and it was time to end our conversation. <br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志，我们马上又赶到太子宾馆，和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢，对监狱内外情形都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说： <br />
<br />
Huang Hongjian made an appointment by phone with Comrade Wang Zongqian, the wife of Yuan Geng, who lived in the Prince Hotel, and we immediately rushed to there, talking with Mrs. Wang who was gentle and polite for an hour. What we talked about was mainly that Yuan Geng was in jail and was clear about the situation inside and outside the prison. Mrs. Wang said slowly and fondly: <br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨，出来就蔦儿了，可是他不，他的劲头反而更大了。” <br />
<br />
"Many people were broken and never recovered after that kind of torture. But he didn't. He was even more aggressive."<br />
<br />
我心里说：这オ是袁庚！ <br />
<br />
I said in my heart: this is the real Yuan Geng!<br />
<br />
过了几天，乔胜利对陈宜浩说：“袁董看了我的信，答应下次回来再和我谈。”可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。 <br />
<br />
After a few days, Qiao Shengli said to Chen Yihao: "Chairman Yuan read my letter and promised to talk to me again the next time he came back." But soon he was invited to Fujian by Comrade Xiang Nan.<br />
<br />
8月25日上午，我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息，急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联系。但是太迟了，他过了中午又要回香港，而上午的时间已经排满，就在和我通话的时候，他不得不放下电话去开门。他说： <br />
<br />
On the morning of August 25, I got the news that Yuan Geng had returned to Shekou and hurriedly called the Prince Hotel to contact him. But it was too late. He was going back to Hong Kong afternoon, and the morning was already full. And just as he was talking to me, he had to put down the phone to open the door. He said:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧，不要紧的，我们没有秘密。” <br />
<br />
"If you have any questions, just talk on the phone. It doesn't matter. We have no secrets."<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访，一时想不齐全，只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字，他一一做了回答：”这些也要发表吗？”我说：“不一定发表。”他说：”发表也没关系，那天我讲话外国人也听了。” <br />
<br />
I hadn't prepared for the telephone interview and couldn't think of all questions for a while, so I had to ask him a few details and figures about his visit abroad, and he answered them all and said: "Are these going to be published too?" I said, "Not necessarily." He said, "It doesn't matter if it is published, because foreigners listened to my speech that day too."<br />
<br />
我说：”将来排出校样，送给你看看好吗？免得事实有出入。” <br />
<br />
I said, "When the proof is done in the future, I will send you to see, okay? In case there is something different to the facts."<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查，出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的，难免出点差错。捅点娄子也不要紧。” <br />
<br />
"That is not necessary. Don't censor everything. It doesn't matter if something goes wrong. People are vivid and substantial, and mistakes are inevitable. It doesn't matter if you make some mistakes."<br />
<br />
<br />
“好了，谢谢您。” "Well, thank you."<br />
<br />
“谢谢。” "Thank you."<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。 <br />
<br />
I suddenly thought of two sentences from Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观，来到铝材厂门口时，他向学员们介绍：这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人，23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起来，大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停工，一个工人从高处摔下来受了伤，他的哥哥跑过去看了看，见弟弟没有生命危险，便又回去干活了。 <br />
<br />
Once Yuan Geng personally led the students in the training course for business management cadres to visit. When they came to the entrance of the aluminum factory, he introduced to the students: The construction of the factory building was put out to the Japanese. 23 Japanese built it in only 27 days. Even though the rain was so heavy that they could not open their eyes, they did not stop working. A worker fell from a high place and was injured, his older brother ran over to see that his brother was not in danger, and then he went back to work again.<br />
<br />
袁庚说：“日本不富没有天理！中国改革不富也没有天理！” <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng said, "There is no reason for Japan not to be rich! There is no reason for China’s reform not to be rich!"<br />
<br />
现在我想说：蛇口的改革不成功没有天理！ <br />
<br />
Now I would like to say: there is no reason for Shekou's reform not to succeed!<br />
<br />
九、大鹏魂 <br />
<br />
Ⅸ. Dapeng Spirit<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚，魁梧、潇洒，兼有外交家和实业家的风度，具有一种吸引人的魅カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢？ <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was 66 years old, stout and dashing, having the air of both a diplomat and an industrialist and an attractive charm. From where did he come to us?<br />
<br />
拨开历史的迷雾，我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。 <br />
<br />
Clearing up the fog of confusion, we saw the solid footprints of a hot-blooded man.<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园，算是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。 <br />
<br />
He was born in Shuiba Village, Dapeng Town, Bao'an City, Guangdong Province (now Longgang District, Shenzhen City). His family had an orchard and could be considered a well-off family. The wind and waves of Dapeng Bay cultivated his mind.<br />
<br />
1935年，他毕业于广州广雅中学，随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测量员，他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校，陈济棠下台后，这家军校成了国民党中央军校的分校。 <br />
<br />
In 1935, he graduated from Guangzhou Guangya High School and then entered a surveying school. After a short period as a surveyor, he entered the Yantang Military Academy run by Chen Jitang, which became a branch academy of the Nationalist Party Central Military Academy after Chen Jitang stepped down.<br />
<br />
在学校里，袁庚是活跃的足球门将，练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕业，他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官，一个个腐化不堪，对民族危亡无动于衷，便愤然回到故乡大鹏镇，担任第一小学校长，同时兼任地方自卫队教官。 <br />
<br />
In school, Yuan Geng was an active goalkeeper and developed a strong body. After graduating from the military academy, he saw that the instructors, who were full of benevolence and morality, were all corrupt and indifferent to the national peril, so he returned to his hometown Dapeng Town in anger and became the principal of the first elementary school, while also serving as an instructor of the local self-defense troop.<br />
<br />
学校是国民党办的，自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的，但是学校和自卫队中都有中共地下党员。 <br />
<br />
The school was run by Nationalist Party and the self-defense troop was run by Deng Yanda's Third Party, but there were underground members of the Communist Party in both the school and the self-defense troop.<br />
<br />
戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚，在当地是一个重要人物，三种政治力量对他都很重视。 <br />
<br />
When Yuan Geng returned to his hometown, he was an important figure in the area, and all three political forces attached great importance to him.<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文，和他住到一起，亲自考察他。 <br />
<br />
Wang Wen, secretary of the underground County Committee of CPC, lived with him and examined him personally.<br />
<br />
革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
<br />
The hearts of revolutionaries and patriots were always in sympathy. Yuan Geng soon became friends with Wang Wen, Zhong Wen, Lai Zhongyuan and other underground party members, and was also close to Wang Bo, a teacher being trained by the party organization. Yuan Geng actively participated in all the activities to promote anti-Japanese, such as organizing evening schools and acting in plays. One time in the performance of "Put Down Your Whip", Wang Bo played the daughter who made a living by singing, and Yuan Geng played a young man who stopped the father from whipping his daughter. When he shouted "Put down your whip", he completely got into the role, forgetting that he was acting, and many audiences also rushed after him...<br />
<br />
1939年3月27日，袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党，从这一天起，他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。 <br />
<br />
On March 27, 1939, Yuan Geng was recommended to join the Communist Party of China by comrades Wang Wen and Zhong Wen. From that day on, he had lived up to the honorable title of member of the Communist Party of China.<br />
<br />
当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党的漫画，刺痛了国民党区党部，他的处境变得危险了，党组织于1939年冬天把他转移到党领导的抗日游击队，从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子，像大鹏一样展翅高飞了。 <br />
<br />
There was a local progressive publication "Dapeng Spirit". Yuan Geng published a cartoon satirizing the Nationalist Party in it, which stung the District Party headquarters of the Nationalist Party. His situation became dangerous and the Party organization transferred him to the anti-Japanese guerrilla force led by the Party in the winter of 1939, from which he began his fighting career in the East River Column. The son of Dapeng Bay spread his wings and flew high like the roc (named Dapeng in Chinese).<br />
<br />
抗日战争期间，美军作为盟军，在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组，担任东纵联络处处长的袁庚，和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示，东纵和美军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报，对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。 <br />
<br />
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the U.S. Army, as an allied force, sent an observation group in Yan'an and one in the East River Column. Yuan Geng, who was the director of the Liaison Office of East River Column, remained in regular contact with the U.S. military observation group in East River Column. According to the instructions of the Central Committee, the East River Column and the U.S. observation group exchanged information about the Japanese army in South China, which played a positive role in defeating Japanese imperialism.<br />
<br />
日寇投降时，英军远在缅甸，一个海军少将只率领一营人乘航空母舰赶到香港。他的兵力不足以维持治安，要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央，中央复电：为了对付国民党的内战阴谋，坚决撤离港九地区；同时要求在香港设立联络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判，袁庚不辱使命，漂亮地完成了任务，并成为驻香港办事处的第一任主任，这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能想到，历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折，二十多年后，这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。 <br />
<br />
When the Japanese aggressors surrendered, the British army was in Burma. A Rear Admiral led only one battalion to Hong Kong by an aircraft carrier. His forces were not enough to maintain law and order, and he asked our Hong Kong-Kowloon detachment of the East River Column not to retreat. The East River Column asked the Central Committee for advice, and the Central Committee replied with a telegram: In order to deal with the conspiracy of the Nationalist Party's civil war, evacuate the Hong Kong-Kowloon area resolutely; at the same time, set up a liaison agency in Hong Kong. The East River Column sent Yuan Geng to Hong Kong to negotiate. Yuan Geng fulfilled his mission, doing his job well and became the first director of the Liaison Office in Hong Kong, which was the predecessor of the Hong Kong branch of Xinhua News Agency later. Who would have thought that the way forward of history could be so twisted and more than twenty years later, these achievements had become "crimes".<br />
<br />
十、秦城监狱 <br />
<br />
X. Qincheng Prison<br />
<br />
1968年4月6日，袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家，到机关去上班。北京的4月初，春寒料峭，风沙迷眼，加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报，形成一片肃杀气氛，使袁庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作，刚告一段落，还来不及喘口气，就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息，他于愤懑中保持着镇定。 <br />
<br />
On April 6, 1968, Yuan Geng left his home in Xiyuan early in the morning and went to work. In early April in Beijing, the spring air was chill, and the wind and sand got into the eyes, with ferocious big-character posters everywhere, which formed an awful atmosphere, making Yuan Geng extremely depressed. He had just come to the end of his work of receiving and transporting Chinese refugees from Indonesia and he couldn't even catch his breath before he returned to work. Recently, he kept hearing the news that his old comrades in the East River Column had lost their freedom or their whereabouts were unknown. He kept his composure in the midst of his resentment.<br />
<br />
回到办公室不久，有人通知：“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门，看到除部长之外，还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长，面孔板得像一座木雕。 <br />
<br />
Soon after he returned to the office, someone informed him, "The minister wants to see you." He opened the door of the minister's office and saw that in addition to the minister, there were two public security officers. The minister, whose name often appeared in the newspapers, pulled a face like a wooden statue.<br />
<br />
“袁庚，你被捕了！” <br />
<br />
"Yuan Geng, you're under arrest!"<br />
<br />
下午，机关召开大会，部长在会上宣布：”袁庚是美国特务，已经依法逮捕。“袁庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和刘丹一，互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周总理安全的情景，记忆犹新，那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间，周旋于华侨社会之中，眼睛熬红了，人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场，天理何在？！ <br />
<br />
In the afternoon, the organ held a general meeting and the minister announced: "Yuan Geng is an American spy and has been arrested in obedience to the law." Yuan Geng's close friends and neighbors, Liu Yamin and Liu Dan Yi, who worked together with him as consuls at the consulate-general in Jakarta, Indonesia, in the 1950s, exchanged looks of grief and indignation. In 1954, Yuan Geng and they worked together to defend the Bandung Conference and the security of Premier Zhou. The memory of the scene was still vivid. At that time, when Yuan Geng traveled between Jakarta and Bandung, circulated among the overseas Chinese community, his eyes were red, and he lost a lot of weight by overwork. Such loyalty ended up like this. Where was the justice?<br />
<br />
与此同时，汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中，勒令交出所有的钥匙，开始抄家。翻箱倒柜，从下午抄到天黑，然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时，オ发现三个孩子被关在门外不准进家，左邻右舍也不敢收留，孩子们在抹眼泪…… <br />
<br />
At the same time, Comrade Wang Zongqian was brought back home from his office, and ordered to hand over all his keys. They began to search her house. They rummaged the whole house, from afternoon to dark, and then brought her back to the office to search her desk. When she went out, she found that three children were shut out of the house and not allowed to enter the house. The neighbors did not dare to take them in, and the children were wiping their tears...<br />
<br />
从此以后，袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里，也不知是死是活，到哪里打听都说不知道。1969年，汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校，孩子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”，但作为“反革命家属”，她只能干最脏最累的活，如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎，痛得胳膊抬不起来，医生建议回北京治疗，干校就是不准。直到1972年初夏，她的大孩子中印就要下乡插队了，她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服，打点行装，オ被批准。 <br />
<br />
From then on, Yuan Geng disappeared from life. Wang Zongqian did not know where he was locked up, nor did she know if he was dead or alive. Everywhere she asked all said he did not know. In 1969, Wang Zongqian went to a cadet school in Zou County, Shandong Province, with the organ, while the children stayed in Beijing to live with their grandmother. Although Wang Zongqian was considered a "student of the cadre school", but as a "family member of a counter-revolutionary", she could only do the dirtiest and most tiring works, such as taking away manure from privies and washing toilets. Her left shoulder was suffering from periarthritis of the shoulder. It was so painful that she couldn't lift her arm. The doctor suggested that she go back to Beijing for treatment, but the cadre school didn't allow it. Until the early summer of 1972, when her eldest child, Zhongyin, was about to go and work in the countryside, she asked for leave to return to Beijing to wash her child's clothes and pack his luggage, which was approved.<br />
<br />
1972年7月，袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后，有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去探监。“他还活着，他还活着！”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。 <br />
<br />
In July 1972, when Yuan Geng was arrested for four years and three months, someone suddenly informed Wang Zongqian to visit him in Qincheng Prison. "He is still alive, he is still alive!" Wang Zongqian's heart was stuffed with this thought.<br />
<br />
汪宗谦心酸地发现，袁庚行走困难，说话声音也变了，而且他不知道当时是何年何月！ <br />
<br />
Wang Zongqian sadly find that Yuan Geng was difficult to walk, his voice had changed, and he even didn't know when it was!<br />
<br />
原来监狱里日夜亮着灯，犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替，失去了时间的概念；睡觉时只准脸朝外，一条腿总是压在下边，时间长了造成萎缩；长期不讲话，声带都沙哑了。 <br />
<br />
It turned out that the prison was lit day and night, so the prisoners could not distinguish and remember the alternation of day and night, losing the notion of time; they only allowed to sleep with their face outward, and one leg was always pressed down, which caused atrophy over time; they didn't speak for a long period, so the vocal cords were hoarse.<br />
<br />
我曾经听说，袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西，只有放风时在天井里看到墙根的小草。 <br />
<br />
I once heard that Yuan Geng could not see anything alive for several years in prison, and only saw the grass at the foot of the wall in the patio when he was allowed to go out.<br />
<br />
问他是不是这样，他说： <br />
<br />
When he was asked if this was the case, he said:<br />
<br />
“不，还有蚂蚁，我对蚂蚁很有研究。” <br />
<br />
"No, there are ants. I studied ants a lot."<br />
<br />
这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量！ <br />
<br />
How much heavy weight this easy sentence contained!<br />
<br />
汪宗谦见过了袁庚，就为救他而奔走了。 <br />
<br />
Having met Yuan Geng, Wang Zongqian ran around to save him.<br />
<br />
“没见他不知道他死活，既然知道他还活着，我就怕他死了！问题还没搞清，死了孩子们都得背黑锅呀！他住在楼上，要到楼下的天井放风，上下都很辛苦，我到中央接待站去上访，请求把他搬到楼下来，这个要求被接受了。” <br />
<br />
"I didn't know if he was dead or alive when I didn't see him, and since I knew he was alive, I'm afraid he will die! The problem is not yet clear, and the children will have to get the blame if he is dead! He lived upstairs and had to go downstairs to the patio to breathe the fresh air. It was hard to get up and down, so I went to the reception center of the central committee to ask for moving him downstairs, and this request was accepted."<br />
<br />
袁庚搬到楼下的一间房，发现席子底下有一团花白的头发，他判断这里关过一个五十多岁的女同志。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng moved to a room downstairs and found a tangle of white hair under the matting. He judged that a female comrade in her fifties had been imprisoned here.<br />
<br />
后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事，王光美说：“没错，正是我住过的那间房。” <br />
<br />
Later he talked about it accidentally with comrade Wang Guangmei at a banquet, who said, "Yes, it was exactly the same room I lived in."<br />
<br />
袁庚出狱，已是1973年9月30日，整整关了5年半。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was released from prison on September 30, 1973, after five and a half years.<br />
<br />
在狱中，睡觉时只要一转身，看守就在外边敲门。夜晚，敲门声常常把人惊醒。袁庚回到家里，刚一入睡就惊醒了，这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年，这种心悸病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能，却用了更长的时间。每天，汪宗谦搀着袁庚，一步，一步，慢慢地走，越走越远，越走越快，走了一年之久，两条腿オ恢复了平衡。 <br />
<br />
In prison, when he was sleeping, as soon as he turned around, the guard was outside knocking on the door. At night, the knocking often woke him up. After Yuan Geng returned home, he woke up just as soon as he fell asleep, which was the real lingering fear. After half a year, this fear gradually disappeared. And it took longer to restore the function of that atrophied leg. Every day, Wang Zongqian helped Yuan Geng, step by step, slowly walking, further and faster. After walking for a year, his two legs restored the balance.<br />
<br />
更可悲的是，有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子，出来不会走直路了，一走就转圈，连马路也不能过。 <br />
<br />
What was more sad was that some people walked in circles for years in their cells, and when they came out, they couldn't walk straight, they walked in circles and even couldn't cross the road.<br />
<br />
人啊，人！ <br />
<br />
Oh, human!<br />
<br />
人的尊严到哪里去了！ <br />
<br />
Where had the dignity of human gone!<br />
<br />
经过一年多的休养治疗，1975年，袁庚被分配到交通部，当了外事局副局长。 <br />
<br />
After more than a year of recuperation and treatment, Yuan Geng was assigned to the Ministry of Communications as the deputy director of the Foreign Affairs Bureau in 1975.<br />
<br />
一恢复工作，袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体一样活跃起来。 <br />
<br />
Once he returned to work, Yuan Geng's mind became as active as his newly recovered body.<br />
<br />
恢复工作之前，袁庚骑自行车上街，总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道，“不能开慢点吗”！恢复工作之后，自己也坐上了小汽车，有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了，“不能靠边骑吗”！他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化，在心里警告自己道：”可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀！” <br />
<br />
Before he resumed work, Yuan Geng rode a bicycle to the street and always felt that the cars passing by were too overbearing, "Can't you drive slower"! After he resumed work, he also drove the car and sometimes felt that the bicycles on the road were in the way, "Can't you ride on the side"? He soon realized this subtle change in his mental state and warned himself, "I can't let my position dictate my thinking!"<br />
<br />
多年来，这成了他的一个信条。 <br />
<br />
Over the years, this became one of his credos.<br />
<br />
十一、香港第一课 <br />
<br />
Ⅺ. The First Lesson in Hong Kong<br />
<br />
1978年,做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚,以花甲之年改行搞经济,被派<br />
<br />
到香港招商局担任副董事长。<br />
<br />
招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日,招商局 香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱,从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。 历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长,所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。 从李鸿章算起,袁庚是第29任了。<br />
<br />
香港招商局在极'左‘思想影响之下,经营单一,困守一隅,搞了几十年没有什 么发展。袁庚到任,根据中央定下的“以航运为中心,立足港澳,背靠内地,面向海 外,多种经营,工商结合,买卖结合”的方针,以铁腕大力整顿。<br />
<br />
袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说:<br />
<br />
“我到香港的第一课,就是买了一座大楼,非常便宜,只花了 6180万（港币）。 第一次交订金时,支票2000万。那天是星期五,当时讲好下午2点钟,在ー个律师 楼里,大家一手交钱,一手交货。我们开了 2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的 对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里,发动机都没有停。ー上去之后,大 家一手交货,一手交钱,签字。签完字,对方拿着支票,两个人夹住,下去了。剩下 ー个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度,马上存到银行里去了。 因为明天是礼拜六了,人家银行关门,礼拜天也关门,假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前 不到银行去交那个支票的话,他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支 票交给他。我们的财务去了,他回来向我们报告,他说当时那个场面是很动人的。 当然,我们闭着眼睛也能想到,资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重 视,当时浮动利息是!4厘,三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志,那就 无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去,回家。他没有这个观念!这就是香港第一课。 我也不怕自惭形秽,ー窍不通,我接触经济工作,仅仅是5年多前开始的。但ー开 始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多!招商局的子公司多的是,ー检查,发现支 票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了 ,换了一个华东 财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后,我就给他讲这个道理,ー个礼拜之内他就能够接 受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事,立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后,财源 滚滚而来。……这个’时间就是金钱’,不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我,其实 这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’,它说得比我还 厉害,时间重于金钱!”<br />
<br />
招商局走上轨道,袁庚就考虑进ー步的发展了。1979年初,他和有关同志带 着在蛇口开发エ业区的蓝图,到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志 很感兴趣,当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给エ业区,袁庚还没有这个胆量,只要了<br />
<br />
2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候,袁庚心里默默 地说:<br />
<br />
“先念同志,签吧,您这ー笔下去,将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀!”<br />
<br />
十二、淸新<br />
<br />
1984年8月,蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅,迎面是ー架屏 风,正中间挂着一幅草书,苍劲流畅的书法,引人注目,细看那内容,更是气度非凡。 这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本,把它抄了下来。<br />
<br />
登微波楼<br />
<br />
微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
<br />
时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
<br />
宝安袁庚<br />
<br />
我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
<br />
我有同感。<br />
<br />
蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
<br />
六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
<br />
晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
<br />
这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
<br />
啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
<br />
十三、心血<br />
<br />
清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
<br />
ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
<br />
第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
<br />
1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
<br />
这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
<br />
施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
<br />
午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
<br />
下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
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厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
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的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
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我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
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我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
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龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
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“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
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“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
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“你有什么打算?”<br />
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“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
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“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
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“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
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在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
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十五、激动的工程师<br />
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7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
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蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
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边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
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“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
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的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
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“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
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46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
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他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
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王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
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袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
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管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
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当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
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“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
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“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
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“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
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“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
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“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
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“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
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“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
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“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
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“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
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了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
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父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
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“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
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当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
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“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
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“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
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“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
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“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
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第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
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12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
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1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
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王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
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“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
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“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
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“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
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“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
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“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
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“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
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“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
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王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
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十六、年轻的总经理<br />
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一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
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“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
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说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
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“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
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只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
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她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
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“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
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这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
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“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
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“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
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郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
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“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
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我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
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“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
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我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
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“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
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我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
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“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
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真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
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“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
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我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
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告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
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我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
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对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
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袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
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袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
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“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
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“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
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“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
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“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
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这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
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我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
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有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
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后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
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在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=155820Report CN EN 032023-06-12T16:38:14Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：10.热血男儿Hot-blooded Man */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情Obsession==<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with Long Hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies were always covered; whereas in the West, people loved nudity, which seemed to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个ー丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there was a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush and painting a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting was not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, had you ever thought that some of us would cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us would stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, would come like snowflakes. You might even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Were you fearless, or seized by a whim? You were out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he was painting.<br />
<br />
他站在一间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着一支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着ー张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stood in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looked disheveled, and his bosom was stained with different colors. His hair was long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there was a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exactly did you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound Train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it was today. The platforms were clean, the corridors were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the regions south of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North…<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像一块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, and cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man--that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes…"<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me…"<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows — the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"On a business trip? Or visit family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student at Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone…"<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What…"<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break…"<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man!"<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. The resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
"So I don't understand art…"<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多少欢聚与悲离的 故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉一线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小伙子,而是一个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
During the long journey, as the young people of the same generation, it was the fate to meet each other in this running train! In life, many stories of reunion and departure were drawn by the heavy line across the land! The girl was close to the small table by the window, resting her chin in the hand, listening to the young man talk, and watching his expression. It seemed that he was not a young guy, but a strong and confident man. Calculating his age, he was even a few years older than the girl. Why did he give that illusion before? Alas, the age of men was really hard to guess...<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为一个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是一个有抱负、有才华的人!”<br />
<br />
Out of the female’s sensitivity, the girl suddenly felt shy and embarrassed. The condescending arrogance that she had just showed was now reversed and replaced by her hazy admiration. The girl looked at the painter's dress again, and the non-matching colors of black and red were not so conspicuous. Although the painter's cotton jacket was still so black, the collar of the underwear was still so crooked, and the hair was still so disheveled, in the eyes of the girl, they all became the evidence that the young man was a bachelor who was immersed in art and had no time to take care of himself, which touched the girl's heart of compassion: "It seems that he is an ambitious and talented man!"<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
The painter took out his drawing board, spread the paper and said to the girl, "Please allow me to make a sketch of you."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
The girl nodded her head.<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简直像一个拙笨的新手。好半天,才抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
The painter drew very slowly, feeling ill at ease. The more he tried to draw well, the more nervous he became, and the brush was out of control. He was like a clumsy novice. After a long time, he apologized and said, "Sorry, I didn’t draw well…"<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来一看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会”了画家的灵犀。<br />
<br />
When the girl took it and looked, two red clouds rose on her cheeks. This sketch was not as good as the one of the mechanic, and those rigid lines were flaws of the work. To say it bluntly, she looked uglier in the painting than she really was. Is that what I look like? The girl had a reason to make a protest. However, she understood and forgave the painter with a sweet smile. Honestly, she didn't even want to see him too calm, too relaxed, like facing the model in the studio. The girl no longer regarded "resemblance in appearance" as so important, and she “understood tacitly” the painter's spirit.<br />
<br />
画纸的一角是签名和年月——袁运生,画于1964年2月。<br />
<br />
In one corner of the paper were the signature and date--Yuan Yunsheng, painted in February 1964.<br />
<br />
画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "Give it to you."<br />
<br />
姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
<br />
The girl said, "Thank you, I’ll keep it as a memory."<br />
<br />
“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信地址?”<br />
<br />
"You see, I was so careless that I forgot to ask your name." The painter said, "Could you write down your mailing address?"<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
<br />
The girl smiled: "My name is Zhang Lanying." And she wrote down the address on the painter's sketchbook.<br />
<br />
火车抵达浦口,他们已经像一对熟识的老朋友了。从一个艺术型的医学院学生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
<br />
When the train arrived in Pukou, they already looked like two old friends. Many common temperaments could be found between an artistic medical student and a serious artist. The passengers on the same train thought they had known each other for a long time and treated them as a couple, saying goodbye to them with the appellation of “you two”.<br />
<br />
画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空一样清澈,像江水一样深沉……<br />
<br />
The painter sent the girl to the shore of the Yangtze River, a wet wind blowing from the river. It was time to part, and both of them were reluctant to leave. Lanying looked at Yuan Yunsheng with the warm and fond gaze, and that means everything! As clear as the sky, as deep as the river…<br />
<br />
呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江交织起来的一见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
Heh! Pretty girl, you were too sentimental. Did you know him? The story of love at first sight, woven by the main Beijing-Pukou line and the winding Yangtze River, was too indiscreet.<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
<br />
The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River <br />
<br />
在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,一只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认真地涂抹着油彩,画出一个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
<br />
In the days of glorious morning light of the 1950s, a young boy's delicate hand, holding a paintbrush, was earnestly spreading the paint on the linen to draw a little girl with the same earnest expression, who was imitating her sister's movement, tying a bright red scarf around her neck.<br />
<br />
这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐一样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
<br />
This oil painting was sent from Nantong in Jiangsu Province to Beijing as an assignment for applying for the highest academy of arts, presenting the young painter’s sparkling artistic talent and a crystal-clear heart. The title was "Growing up to be like my sister", painted by Yuan Yunsheng.<br />
<br />
看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年除夕送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出一批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的艺术功底。<br />
<br />
When looking at this oil painting, people might think that the painter had a soft and gentle femininity. In fact, he was just the opposite. He was stubborn and unrestrained, like a boisterous colt. His love of painting since childhood was mainly influenced by his father. His father worked in a middle school in Nantong. In his spare time, he enthusiastically collected various fine art works. Every year on the New Year’s Eve, they would bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new, and his father would always hang a number of new paintings on the wall, including Chinese and foreign ones, like a small exhibition, full of the atmosphere of the art salon. The paintings collected at home gave Yuan Yunsheng some enlightenment in art. When he got a little bit older, he went to the Cultural Center in Nantong to participate in activities, attend lectures, learn to sketch, and paint, laying the first foundation of art.<br />
<br />
当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来一副犟脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
<br />
When he applied to the Central Academy of Fine Arts, his father said with worry: "The boy was born with stubbornness, which makes us uneasy."<br />
<br />
哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,一个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人 需要有个性。”<br />
<br />
His brother Yuan Yunfu, who was also involved in fine art, kept cheering him on: "Go ahead. people involved in fine art needs to have a personality."<br />
<br />
1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
<br />
In the summer of 1955, the Central Academy of Fine Arts announced the admission of new students, Yuan Yunsheng ranking the first.<br />
<br />
如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画派。这是19世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画就像一部小说或一出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝圣者像请佛一样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
<br />
If Yuan Yunsheng's work for the entrance examination could be classified as a certain school of art, it would be the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions. It was a progressive school of painting that emerged in Russia in the 19th century. It simulated life, emphasized themes, and focused on plot. A painting was like a novel or a play. It inherited Rembrandt’s tradition of realism and absorbed the Impressionism’s achievements in the use of light and color. After the October Revolution, it enjoyed the supreme position in the Soviet art circle and was invited to China by Chinese pilgrims, like inviting the Buddha. Of course, Yuan Yunsheng, only 17 years old, did not know the essence of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, let alone that the school of art was linked to the school of politics.<br />
<br />
他像奔跑在艺术山野 里的小鹿,一头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
<br />
Like a fawn running in the wilderness of art, he bumped into the arms of Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions.<br />
<br />
袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身 好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件 和艺术才能的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖力气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严格的训练——<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng was highly regarded by the academy. He was born in a good family (it was rare to have such a family background at that time) and excelled in the examination. He sat in the first-year classroom with a nimbus of political condition and artistic talent hanging over his head. He was elected as the commissary of Communist Youth League in charge of organization, who was totally the epitome of a socialist-minded and professionally competent man. He was also a real hard worker, and was very stubborn, taking everything seriously. Under the guidance of Soviet-style teaching methods, he received strict training--<br />
<br />
挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与被画者保持绝对的耐性 。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面 ”,画上一整天,只画了半个头像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履的中年人走过来,这是礼聘 来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供同学们观摩。<br />
<br />
Choosing a HB pencil, and sharpening it, and sketching in front of male and female models. The models were recruited at a very high price, both nude and non-nude. Under certain lights, the painter and the object stayed absolutely patient. He sketched out the outline at first, figured out the “light and plane”, and then drew all day long, only to have half picture of the head; the next day, the same scene was repeated under the same conditions; then, a middle-aged man with a high nose and deep eyes, dressed in a suit, came over, who was an expert invited cordially. Whenever he passed behind Yuan Yunsheng, his face often showed a look of satisfaction. Yuan Yunsheng got five points for all his sketches and oil paintings, which were sometimes hung in the classroom or in the corridor for students to watch.<br />
<br />
这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉柯夫教学体系。-袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀——苏联在中国土地上开办的艺术工厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
<br />
That year, a sketch and oil painting teaching conference of national fine art academies was held in Beijing to promote the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union. A half-length portrait of a Chinese woman painted by Yuan Yunsheng was shown off on the conference--a standard mode produced by the art factory of the Soviet Union in China.<br />
<br />
苏联专家的宠儿 ,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
<br />
He was the favorite of the Soviet experts, and the pride of the Oil Painting Department. He had a lot of success and a bright future. He immersed himself in the painting all day long, with his hand keeping waving, like a devout disciple prostrating himself before his art idol, and praying that his soul would ascend to the temple of art, seating on a throne surrounded by roses with a crown of pearls… It was the highest ideal for college students majoring in oil painting at that time.<br />
<br />
但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
<br />
But the naive faith was not solid, like an edifice built on a thin and narrow foundation, which could easily collapse. Once it was subverted, it could cause endless troubles.<br />
<br />
苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便朝那里走去。他停在一帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来一阵电灼般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
<br />
Distress had come to him, and he brought it upon himself. One morning, he heard that there was an exhibition of paintings being held in the hall, and went there. He stopped in front of a sequence of copies of the oil paintings, casting a calm glance upon it, and his whole body felt an electric sensation. His heart was shaking, and his blood was boiling.<br />
<br />
这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风 的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的感情,像酒一样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
<br />
These were the works of the European Post-Impressionist painter Van Gogh, with ordinary and simple images: fields, haystacks, a clock reflected by the setting sun, and sunflowers in clay pots. In addition, there were some portraits of ordinary people: postmen, miners, movers, and inmates who were released for yard time. In these unpretentious pictures, the author poured out the strongest feelings, as strong as wine, like a flame burning!<br />
<br />
看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格 。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生——向日葵,仿佛摇身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探求……这哪里是绘画呀 ,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每一线条和每一色块都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
<br />
Look, the jagged trees were rebellious. The undulating earth seemed to tell of suffering. <br />
The painter poured deep feelings into those ordinary people. The still-life painting --sunflowers, seemed to turn into a living thing, stretching out its jumble of tentacles to the frozen space, capturing, swaying, and indefatigably seeking… It was not a painting, but a call of the painter's life, a representation of his character! Every line and every color block were flowing, coming through invisible channels to clamp people, annihilate them to a great vortex of emotion…<br />
<br />
袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被一支锐利的艺术之箭射穿了。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng walked out of the hall, with his legs wobbling, as if he was drunk, was hurt. His heart was pierced by a sharp arrow of art.<br />
<br />
他回到宿舍,一头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高才生转瞬间变成西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
<br />
He went back to the dormitory and threw himself onto the bed. It was ironic that a top student of the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union became a captive of the Western European Post-Impressionism in an instant.<br />
<br />
宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地问 :“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
<br />
When the door of the dormitory opened, his roommate came in. Seeing him pale and tired, he asked in surprise, "Yunsheng, what happened to you?"<br />
<br />
“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
<br />
"I went to see an exhibition of Van Gogh's paintings." Yuan Yunsheng sat up in bed and said, "I've never been so excited by the works of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions..."<br />
<br />
他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的基础。有这个就够了。下一步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚 。<br />
<br />
He expressed his thoughts. In his opinion, the merit of Soviet painting theory lied in the emphasis on placing the object under certain light, observing the levels and hues with a subtle look, and tracing it carefully, which was the basis of all paintings. It was enough. The next step was to break free and move forward, not to limit themselves.<br />
<br />
他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧上了天 ,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在干着什么蠢事呀? ……<br />
<br />
He was right. Throughout the history of art, each school had its own process of formation, development, vicissitudes, and ups and downs. The Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions deserved its place in the art circle without dispute. But once it was praised to the skies, and promoted by administrative means, it would be counterproductive and bring suffocating disaster to the art. In fact, in the 1950s, painters all over the world, including Soviet painters, were running, exploring and innovating. And how stupid we were! ...<br />
<br />
袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头 ,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng said excitedly: "We follow behind them and pick up what they have thrown away!"<br />
<br />
好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,一个几亿人的社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎 。<br />
<br />
His good friends were familiar with his character and sympathized with his comments, but they worried about him. At that time, a society of hundreds of millions of people prostrated itself before Soviet idols, and his words were tantamount to a form of blasphemy.<br />
<br />
从那以后,他变得不大安分了, 一头温驯的伏尔加式的 小鹿,现出烈性马驹的本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标。<br />
<br />
From then on, he became rebel. A tame fawn, like the one on the Volga car, showed the true colors of a boisterous colt. In addition to completing the homework as usual, he improvised with mixed painting techniques, as if he was pursuing an ethereal goal.<br />
<br />
目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
<br />
The goal, was finally found, unexpectedly close at hand.<br />
<br />
从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭一张学生证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹…… <br />
<br />
From the Shuaifuyuan where the Central Academy of Fine Arts was located, crossing the big roundabout between Wangfujing and Bamiancao, the Donghua Gate of the National Palace Museum was about a mile away. At that time, students from the Academy of Fine Arts enjoyed a special privilege. They could freely enter the imperial garden of ancient Chinese art with only a student ID card. Here he saw Chen Laolian’s “Bogu Yezi (A kind of card played while drinking in ancient China)” in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan’s “Qingming Shanghe Tu (Along the River During the Qingming Festival)” in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a large number of authentic works of famous painters of the Tang Dynasty…<br />
<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
<br />
His favorite work was the "Luo Shen Fu (The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River)" by Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.<br />
<br />
长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象力!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人,栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱翔……<br />
<br />
Long scroll, romantic conception, how imaginative! The landscape was peaceful and spacious, with quiet and wonderful rivers and mountains; the figures were lifelike, dancing in the air. Was the resemblance in appearance? Was the resemblance in spirit? Between likeness and unlikeness, that was the author's mind soaring…<br />
<br />
他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条表现出高超的魅力。<br />
<br />
He put his eyes close to the scroll. The brush strokes, appearing ageless for thousands of years, like the spring silkworms spinning fine and exquisite silk, drew freely. He thought of the Soviet oil painting theory that denied the existence of lines. But in Chinese painting, the general and terse lines showed the high charm.<br />
<br />
站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他的思绪如抛出的一缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
<br />
Standing in this ancient resplendent hall, a long flowing river of art swept passed by before his eyes, and his thoughts stretched out like a wisp of gossamer. If we compared the fashionable Western art and the ancient Oriental art to two poles, there seemed to be something between the two poles that was closely related. Oh, he understood. When we got into a mut, ignored what was near and seek what was far away, those elves and devils of abstractionism, fauvism, modernism and futurism quietly got essence and extracted nutrients from the Oriental art to strengthen their bodies. That was the secret.<br />
<br />
祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
<br />
Motherland, your art is not water, not wine, not milk, but the magical royal jelly!<br />
<br />
虎丘<br />
<br />
Huqiu<br />
<br />
兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
<br />
After parting with the painter in Pukou, Lanying returned to school in Suzhou. In the blink of an eye, it was March. With spring breeze and newly sprouted willow trees, the town of flowing water under bridges liked a young girl, who was unveiled, affectionate with a lot of charm. <br />
<br />
姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
<br />
The girl's state of mind was also bright like waking spring.<br />
<br />
她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认识一下,如果手头有照片,请寄来一张。<br />
<br />
She received the painter’s letter from Nantong. The style of writing was free and easy. In the girl’s words: "The level is quite high!" The letter recalled the unforgettable scene on the train and expressed his feelings of missing her. He also said that his parents and brothers would like to get to know the girl, and if she had photos, please sent one.<br />
<br />
兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选一张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息一样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
<br />
Lanying opened the photo album without hesitation, selected a small photo, attached a short reply, and sent it to Nantong. This small act contained an unusual meaning, just like the shortest electromagnetic microwave can transmit significant information, it clearly expressed: the girl agreed to be his girlfriend.<br />
<br />
兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
<br />
Lanying's upbringing conditioned her to making her own decisions. She was born in Shandong province and grew up in the regions south of the Yangtze River. After her parents died, she moved with the troops from childhood. Wherever she went, it was her home, and she developed the ability to live independently. Over the years, she always received the warmth from the group and her female companions, but was never constrained. Perhaps she was a bit spoiled and coaxed by others, which made her form a stubborn personality.<br />
<br />
此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,一见钟情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
<br />
At the moment, she had a novel feeling that she was happier than the people around her. Because she had a right man in her heart, who affected her emotions. She silently enjoyed the secret pleasure of the young girl in love for the first time. She even imagined that once the secret was revealed, how surprised and envious her female companions would be! In their minds, her vison was very high. She was great looking and came from a privileged background. No male classmates dared to develop a relationship with her. It was not easy to take her fancy. It was done so artfully, neither by her parents’ choice, nor by the match-maker’s recommendation. She met him on a trip, and fell in love at first sight, bringing everything lime a whirlwind, so that the girl was full of desire for a better life. It was really romantic! So, she wove the future scenarios with sweet silk, anxiously waiting for the response from Nantong. Did he receive her letter? Would the painter's parents comment her when looking at her photo? Was she too pretty, or not enough? Alas! It was really hard to guess… The girl's heart was like the weather in the south of the Yangtze River in March. The temperature and weather changed abruptly.<br />
<br />
学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
<br />
The school was preparing for the Women's Day celebration. Lanying was the commissary in charge of entertainment of the class, a major role that bore a heavy burden of responsibility. The time passed quickly as she arranged the programs, made a blackboard newspaper, and decorated the venue.<br />
<br />
“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄起话筒,一惊一喜——那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
<br />
On Woman’s Day, the curtain was opened, and everyone was watching the stage. Suddenly someone called Lanying to answer the phone. She took up the microphone, and was surprised and delighted--it was the painter calling from the school's reception office.<br />
<br />
兰英极力掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,一阵风似的跑到学校的门口。<br />
<br />
Lanying tried to hide his excitement, turned to the students, vaguely explained a few words, and ran to the school gate like a gust of wind.<br />
<br />
画家站在那里,手中照例拿着一个速写本。<br />
<br />
The painter stood there, holding a sketchbook in his hand as usual.<br />
<br />
“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
<br />
"When did you arrive?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I just got off the train. I was passing through here after the home leave." The painter said.<br />
<br />
“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
<br />
"Please come in, do you … want to draw some sketches for our celebration?"<br />
<br />
“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……” <br />
<br />
"Not going in. I'd like to invite you out for a walk…"<br />
<br />
兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意味着向人生的一个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
<br />
Lanying hesitated for a moment. She was willing to accept the request, but also felt embarrassed. Since she entered the period of youth and became mature, Lanying spent this day with her female companions every year. Today she was going to leave her group, which meant saying goodbye to a stage of life. She thought about the discipline of the school, the opinion of classmates...<br />
<br />
“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
<br />
"Where are we going?" Lanying asked shyly.<br />
<br />
“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
<br />
"Huqiu." The painter's expression did not change.<br />
<br />
当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
<br />
When they got off the bus and stood at the foot of Huqiu Hill, the girl's uneasy heart was quieted down and relaxed. <br />
<br />
和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深”。沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
<br />
Compared with the small gardens in Suzhou City, Huqiu was a broad and quiet place to visit. The first two lines of Bai Juyi's poem on Huqiu were " The temple doesn't look far away, but it's very deep in the garden.” Walking along the stone path to the garden, there were many pines and cypresses, clear and blue sword pool, thick and tall groves of bamboo hiding the buildings and pavilions on the hillside: Temple of Chloris, Three Smiles pavilion... Walking deeper and there was more quiet, like walking into a sweet dream.<br />
<br />
这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在一起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
<br />
It was the first time Lanying had been alone with a man. There were mysterious waves in the girl’s heart. She felt that she had a lot to say to the painter, but she didn't know where to start.<br />
<br />
“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
<br />
"Have you received the photo?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I received. My family saw it and they all like you." The painter said.<br />
<br />
可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术。他对这一带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而倾倒。<br />
<br />
But the painter soon changed the subject. He commented on the local customs and culture of Suzhou and introduced the plastic art of the regions south of the Yangtze River. He seemed to be familiar with the area and knew a lot of anecdotes. The girl listened to him with great interest and was overwhelmed with admiration by the painter's profound knowledge.<br />
<br />
前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去 ,仿佛在祝福这一对美好的情侣。突然,一股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
<br />
Huqiu Pagoda was just ahead. The towering spire thrust into the blue sky and white clouds, magnificent and magical. Lanying and the painter ran towards the top of the hill with excitement. The painter stretched out his strong arm to support the girl. They were so close to each other, feeling the heat of each other's breath and heart beating. Pines, cypresses, and bamboo forests swayed backwards, as if they were blessing the wonderful couple. Suddenly, with a blazing feeling, they both stopped at the same time.<br />
<br />
这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰一样醉红,双唇像微微绽开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己一样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后一瞬……<br />
<br />
Here was surrounded by hills and trees, empty and silent. The painter stared at the girl with a frank and honest look; Lanying closed her eyes happily, ready to receive a baptism of love that would never be forgotten. The golden sunlight, through the branches of the trees, cast waving shadows on the girl’s face. Her cheeks were as red as roses, and her lips were like slightly blooming petals, more beautiful than usual. What a pure girl. Opening the window of her heart, there wasn’t any trace of dust and impurities. Although it was her second meeting with the painter, she trusted him and life as she trusted herself. Hold her tight, kiss her with fervor. She would be yours forever, from now until the last moment of your life…<br />
<br />
“兰英,我要告诉你一件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是‘右派’！”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I’ll tell you something." What she heard at this moment was the painter’s calm voice, “The first time was too late and the second time is not too late. I was classed as a 'rightist' when I was in college. Really, it was the 'rightist'!”<br />
<br />
霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
<br />
All of a sudden, the hills and trees, the ancient pagoda, were frozen in a deathly silence…<br />
<br />
孤岛上<br />
On a Lonely Island<br />
<br />
到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。1957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
<br />
Have you ever been to an island of the sea? The water and sky seemed to be mixed up together. The clouds came and went, and tide rose and fell. The island was a poem, a fresh and meaningful poem. At the turn of spring and summer in 1957, Yuan Yunsheng was in a poetic environment.<br />
<br />
他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
<br />
He went deep into the life on the island and practice drawing from nature. The Central Academy of Fine Arts required that second-year students had a two-month internship course; before the summer vacation, students went to different parts of the country. He and another student were the only ones who participated in the trip to the island. It was located on the shore of the Yellow Sea. There were only troops on the island, and no residents for miles around. The island provided him with a fortunate environment, getting away from the noise and disputes of the human world, and escaping the violent turmoil that happened in the mainland.<br />
<br />
小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体 ,心情是焦渴的。当蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
<br />
People on the island were closest to nature. Every morning, carrying the paint box on his back, he wandered on the beach covered with light yellow gravel and welcomed the first ray of happy sunshine. At the age of only eighteen, Yuan Yunsheng had already stood out from the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions and became a hazy composite of Chinese Classicism Painting and Western Modernism Painting, who was anxious. The blue sea sprinkled ten thousand golden stars and the sunglow filled his heart with brilliant colors. It was the moment when the young artist's life was burning. He hurriedly opened the paint box, spread the canvas and accepted the generous offer of nature.<br />
<br />
小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左右,才有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
<br />
The island was simple. Politics was proportional to the population, and there were fewer political topics here. Only a barge arrived to deliver newspapers and mail every ten days or so. While he and his companion were eating, they hastily opened the newspapers and skim through them. He was curious about the articles that appeared in the newspaper:<br />
<br />
“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好啦……”<br />
<br />
"Beijing is allowing the people to express their views now. This article is interesting. This opinion should be adopted. Changing it like this will be good…"<br />
<br />
他看完报纸一扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块和线条的运用。<br />
<br />
He threw the newspaper away after reading it and then forgot about it. He did not care about anything else except painting. His road of life was bright, full of sunshine, with no clouds hanging over him and nothing to worry about. All he cared about was the use of light, color blocks and lines.<br />
<br />
年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队的宣传干事带到一间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
<br />
The only political question the young artist faced was raised by the local soldiers. One day, he was taken to a humble shed by a publicity officer of the troops, and a pair of trusting eyes were cast upon him.<br />
<br />
“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, you have asked to go to another island to paint, right?"<br />
<br />
“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
<br />
"Yes, we want to go there."<br />
<br />
“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
<br />
"The troops have studied it. You can go, but your classmate stays."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查 。你们学校填写了两份材料,你的情况单纯 。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
<br />
"A permanent military project is being built on the island. Those who go there have to pass a political vetting. Your college filled out two documents, and your background is simple. Your classmate can't go, mainly because of family problems…"<br />
<br />
袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是一种荣幸,既然生活当中存在这样一些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng frowned. It was an honor to be invited alone. Since there were such rules in life, he went to there alone and no one could blame it. But it brought him more trouble than excitement. He knew his classmates. They were all members of the Communist Youth League and were the backbone of the students. Why should they be distinguished? With his artistic way of thinking, he decided that it was a proposition of conscience and friendship.<br />
<br />
“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
<br />
"Hey, I got it." He went back to the dorm and said to his companion, "The island is building fortifications, drilling and blasting, filled with smoke. There is nothing to paint. We've been out for a long time, let's just go back to the college!"<br />
<br />
不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大 登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活见鬼 !中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
<br />
Soon, he and his classmate crossed the sea and landed at Lvda City. The cool sea breeze blew against the beautiful city, arousing interest in sightseeing. They wandered the streets. The scenery was charming, the buildings were quirky and everywhere was full of Russian atmosphere. When Yuan looked up at the signposts, which wrote the street names like “Makarov”, he complained: "Damn it! Why does the street of a Chinese city have to be named after a Russian general? What a bummer…" A few days later, they stood in the blue harbor, casting a last glance at the ocean waves, and turned around to set foot on the way back.<br />
<br />
不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
<br />
He didn’t expect that it was a farewell to the blue life.<br />
<br />
北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷 ,使海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头 ,有碍“百花齐放”。袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
<br />
Beijing had changed. Returning from the island, he was amazed by the swift counterattack, the overwhelming criticism, and the petals scattered on the ground in the campus. What puzzled him most was the situation of Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the academy. He heard that the secretary of the Party Committee made a mistake because he advocated the revolutionary school of painting too far, which hindered "all flowers blooming together". Yuan Yunsheng really didn’t understand what the “revolutionary school of painting” had to do with the “rightist”.<br />
<br />
袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? 一连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng hid in the dormitory, immersing himself in gathering up his sketches. Perhaps, he was safe. He advocated inheriting ancient Chinese art and drawing on western modern art, which should be conducive to the "blooming of a hundred flowers". How could he not be safe. For several days, he chased the white clouds, waves and seagulls, lost in the memories of his trip to the sea…<br />
<br />
有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像一个漏了税的走私犯接受审讯。<br />
<br />
One day, he was suddenly called to the classroom and stood in front of the people, like a smuggler being tried for tax evasion.<br />
<br />
摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名——“反苏” 。 <br />
<br />
He was faced with a host of problems: deviant views in art, sympathetic remarks to the "rightist", "poisoning" on the island and in Lvda, and a terrible accusation throughout it--"anti-Soviet".<br />
<br />
究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐 ,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
<br />
The answer to who denounced him could be found by using elementary mathematics, but it was meaningless. Since he had thought so, and said, he said bluntly to anyone, with an honest heart.<br />
<br />
他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他一挥手:“请你到外面等一会儿。”<br />
<br />
He racked his brain to repeat what he had said, and the presenter waved to him: "Please wait outside for a moment."<br />
<br />
他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听见屋里在争论。<br />
<br />
He left the classroom and stood in the corridor, feeling relieved and comfortable. The corridor was only one door away from the classroom, and he heard an argument in the room.<br />
<br />
有人说:“够了……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "That's enough…”<br />
<br />
有人说:“还不够……”<br />
<br />
Someone said: "Not enough...”<br />
<br />
有人说:“态度还好……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "The attitude is not bad…"<br />
<br />
他的好友在替他争辩,另一些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
<br />
His best friends were arguing for him, and others were insisting on something, which sounded interesting. Then there was silence… Then, he was called back to the classroom.<br />
<br />
“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, after research, you've been classified as a 'rightist'!"<br />
<br />
政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色——红与黑。点朱泼墨,二者居其一,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不同,观点对立,照样用黑笔一勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
<br />
The oil painting box of the political movement had only two colors--red and black, which was different from the oil painting box of the artist. The only way to choose between cinnabar and ink was to rely on fortune-telling. He and Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, were of different ages, different background colors, and opposing views, but they were both outlined by black brushes with the same destination and the painting procedures were highly simplified.<br />
<br />
晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
<br />
In the evening, he rode the bike to Baijiazhuang, where his brother Yuan Yunfu lived. He rocked back in the sofa: "I am."<br />
<br />
哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
<br />
His brother smiled and asked, "What are you?"<br />
<br />
“我是’右派’了。”<br />
<br />
"I'm a 'rightist' now."<br />
<br />
“呵?”哥哥大吃一惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
<br />
"Huh?" His brother was astonished, "What mistake did you make?"<br />
<br />
“我没犯错误。”<br />
<br />
"I didn't make a mistake."<br />
<br />
“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
<br />
"Then why are you classified as a 'rightist'?"<br />
<br />
“他们说我是,就是啰 。”<br />
<br />
"They said I am. So I am."<br />
<br />
“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
<br />
"No! No!" His brother was trembling.<br />
<br />
“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
<br />
"What’s wrong with that?" He said evenly, "I still paint, still go to school, still engage in arts."<br />
<br />
他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山造湖,兴修水库,一颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地指挥部,请求一边干活一边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人来访。<br />
<br />
He really did not know pain yet. Soon after, hundreds of thousands of people in the capital swarmed to the out to the suburbs to move mountains and create lakes and build reservoirs in the gorge of the Ming Tombs, and a naive heart was touched. He thought how good it would be to see so many people working together to do one thing. He took his oil painting box and rode more than one hundred miles by bike to the construction headquarters, asking to be able to work and spent his spare time painting. They refused, explaining that according to the regulations, they would not accept personal visits.<br />
<br />
又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他一个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
<br />
Shortly afterward, he went into the construction site by bus with a large group of people from the Central Academy of Fine Arts. How excited he was! He did as much work alone as several men together, carrying six baskets for holding earth on one pole, and running fast on the rugged mountain road. At noon, when others took a nap, he held his painting clipboard and went to the mountain to paint under the scorching sun. Until he was exhausted and staggered back to the shed, he still didn’t feel bitter. Because it was her own choice. He was motivated by the boiling life and generously gave his energy, feeling that it was a great pleasure.<br />
<br />
可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成呵斥的嗓门,一张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了——仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
<br />
But the atmosphere in the shed had changed. The students gathered around him, pointing at him, and saying that he was disobedient, did not accept reform, and should not paint anymore… He was stunned. He didn’t know that it was a criticism meeting, and he didn’t understand what they said. He only felt that familiar eyes became harsh eyes, intimate expressions became indifferent expressions, and peaceful voices became scolding voices. Their mouths were moving, and their hands were shaking. Suddenly he understood--just one thing: he was different from others!<br />
<br />
他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
<br />
He opened his bloodshot eyes wide, wriggled his dry lips, and fell down with his hands on his head.<br />
<br />
过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
<br />
Because of overwork and mental stimulation, he contracted serious dysentery. The illness dragged on from summer to winter, and later he was sent to an unheated hut at college.<br />
<br />
小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活 ,学校当局不再放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他才感到了痛苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出一串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
<br />
The hut was cold and damp, where dripping water could freeze. His body was hot with a high fever. College authorities were no longer concerned about his condition. A year ago, he was the pride of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, who became an abandoned orphan now. He felt the pain, the pain of being strangled in art, exceeding the physical pain, like being pushed into a terrible hell. No! In the spiritual realm of art, there was only heaven, not hell. He was forced to learn to be inferior, but he could never learn it. In a coma, cluttered thoughts were flashing, as if he was flying after the seagulls, and dancing with the Goddess of the Luo River. He tossed and turned and struggled, with a series of moans, as if not willing to sink, but to climb out of the dark hell…<br />
<br />
屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
<br />
A faint white light came through the door and he heard the sound of footsteps. Looking there attentively, he found that his friend stood in front of the bed, casting sympathetic and concerned eyes at him.<br />
<br />
他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是一种负担。我需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
<br />
He sat up quickly: "Please don't come to see me again. I understand that it is a burden for others to be close to me. I need friendship, but not pity. What I need now is solitude, solitude, let me be alone!"<br />
<br />
新月<br />
<br />
The Crescent Moon<br />
<br />
夕阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野 闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对青年男女。<br />
<br />
The setting sun cast a golden glow on Huqiu and fell to the other side of the hill. The clear and quiet lights shimmered on the hill, which was connected to the transparent dusk, reflecting the stately profile of the millennium pagoda, like a contemplative old man overlooking a young couple on the hill.<br />
<br />
这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们一页一页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像一阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只残忍的巨手一挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择 。<br />
<br />
This moment was long enough for Lanying. There were tragedies and comedies in love stories that had been passed down through the ages, attracting people to read them page by page. However, the second page of Lanying's story was unbearable. The tender feelings of a girl who was in her first love: happiness, novelty, joy… For an instant they vanished like a gust of wind, as if with the wave of a cruel hand, everything sank, everything disappeared, and a problem was put before the girl, severe, cold, and emotionless, turning the sweet assignment into a cold choice of stakes.<br />
<br />
在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的一群 ,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以“杀气腾腾”“煽风点火 ”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁愿与鬼蜮联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
<br />
In those years, in this land, as long as people mentioned the "rightist", a bunch of greys flashed before their eyes, like shadows, like ghosts, as if they killed a man, committed arson, or poison something. It seemed that they were all charged with “murder”, “fanning the flames”, “drug trafficking” and so on. Their souls were sentenced to death, leaving only soulless shells of bodies. The shell, could breathe but could not speak, and must work but could not harvest. The only tolerance that society gave them was to give them more time than convicts sentenced to death, turning their shells into mud. Who would want to be married to a ghost? Who wanted to be with a zombie? Lanying faced such a choice.<br />
<br />
在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每一个姑娘都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵——询问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,工资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称一称。爱情的内容转变了,转变为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义 。<br />
<br />
In an environment where marriage and politics were tied together, every girl had to make considerations, either to enjoy honor, or to have misfortunes with her husband. Under the same dusk, how many girls in the world were considering it--asking the man’s family background, political affiliation, education background, job, salary, rank… asking his direct value and everything indirectly translated into value, and then weighing them on the balance of love. The content of love had been transformed into the process of exchange of commodities, which gradually became common and natural.<br />
<br />
兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算 。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
<br />
Lanying had more rights to make her own decisions. She was receiving higher education. She would be a nurse in the future, whose had blood of martyrs in her veins. The organization was considering her to join the Communist Party of China. She was as proud as a daughter of an eminent family, as beautiful as Snow White… Every intersection of life would provide the green light for her. with sons from aristocratic families for her to choose and high position and great wealth to enjoy. But life seemed to play ticks on her. It was the black devil who came to her side, not the angel of love. It was not late to break off the relationship with him at once, and there was no obligation on conscience and morality.<br />
<br />
兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越 ,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气 。因此,她还不懂得利害。<br />
<br />
Lanying lost in painful thought. She was in a privileged situation and had pure experiences, remaining unspotted from the world. Therefore, she did not understand the stakes.<br />
<br />
政治运动对姑娘来说,像一场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些“右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她还时常听到这样的告诫:有才华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不断得到强化。<br />
<br />
The political movement was like a vague dream for the girl. In 1957, she was an innocent girl studying in middle school. She took part in the denunciation, with her mouth, with her pen, with her outraged feeling. The war was over before she could see the enemies clearly. She only saw the backs of the prisoners. Later, when the girl was a little older, whenever she heard that someone was a "rightist", she could not help but look at him with curiosity. She saw that most of the "rightists" were scholars, professors, artists, writers, business backbone, celebrities and so on. She also often heard the admonition: talented people often had strong personalities; people with strong personalities often suffered setbacks. The direct and converse theorem of real life had been repeated in various tones, and the girl’s impression of it was constantly reinforced.<br />
<br />
抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的嘲讽。<br />
<br />
The abstract concept of friend or foe formed a concrete conclusion in the girl's mind, which was a sad mockery of the solemn political movement.<br />
<br />
眼前的画家又是一个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离经叛道的歧路 ,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为政治问题?为什么要让一个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的才华……什么是才华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下一颗蓝色的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
<br />
The painter before her was another example. Because the painter opposed the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, he was declared to be on an unorthodox and evil path and was sentenced to death in politics. The girl could not understand why the issue of art had to be turned into a political issue? Why should a Chinese hot-blooded young man be sacrificed to a foreign altar as a lamb to be slaughtered? Wasn't it ludicrous? Such a ludicrous thing actually happened. Perhaps, it further proved that the painter was not a meek lamb, but a fearful calf, attracting jealousy from others. It further proved the painter’s courage and insight, indomitable nature and precious talent… What was talent? For the simplehearted girl, it was the light of life, the garland of youth, the transcendence of ignorance, the sublimation of knowledge. It made money and wealth eclipsed, made gain, loss, fame and bad reputation ruin and loss become a passing cloud, like a bright horizon that divided the clear sky and turbid earth. Foolish girls liked to adorn themselves with jewels, but noble girls were full of spiritual aspirations. She was willing to pick a blue star and set it on the heart of love... Lanying broke the silence and said to the painter in a deep voice: "Don't mention those things of your past to me again. I don't think you've made a mistake…"<br />
<br />
画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子 ,也是有限的宽恕,一切还同过去一样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "But everyone else thinks so. Even if they took the hat off, the forgiveness would be limited, and everything would be the same as before. You can't associate with people like me. You must consider the consequences."<br />
<br />
“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
<br />
"I don't care about the consequences. No matter what other people think, I trust my instincts."<br />
<br />
“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are your instincts?"<br />
<br />
“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
<br />
"My instinct is that you are talented!"<br />
<br />
这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激动的光辉:“世上有才华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
<br />
It was the highest praise for an "enemy of society”. Her tone showed a significant preference, which should bring enough relief to the painter. But the painter stood there with a stoney expression. The radiance of excitement in his gaze was worn away: "There are many talented people in the world, including glorious victors and miserable losers. Why do you prefer me? You’ll regret it in the future…"<br />
<br />
难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把才华糟蹋得像一块抹布的年月里,这句话,他不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子无才便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,才华再也不是令知识分子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
<br />
No wonder the painter reacted indifferently. It was not the first time he had heard the phrase in the years when his talent was ruined like a rag. Anyone could give it to him. Beneath the hypocritical compliment was a deliberate mockery. "A woman without talent is virtuous", now also applied to men. Even if he was trampled underfoot, mercilessly flogged, covering with cuts and bruises, they could pat him on the shoulder and told him to get up and go to work. At that time, talent was no longer a flower that made intellectuals have smug feelings, but a bitter medicine that touched their feelings of sorrow.<br />
<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
<br />
Lanying’s and the painter's eyes met. The painter's eyes, probing and frank, with a deep flame of self-esteem and some expectations, shot all the way to the girl's heart. Lanying could not resist this stare that could penetrate through everything, and her heart was shivering…<br />
<br />
兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费力气地获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被搞得阴阳颠倒！一时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到一颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙一样晶莹闪烁。<br />
<br />
Lanying suddenly remembered that it was her second meeting with the painter, in this quiet mountain forest, a secluded valley far away from the city. Wasn't today Women's Day? Ordinarily, he could easily win the girl’s heart with his gentleness and gallantry. However, he brought frustration, which couldn’t wait to broke the girl's calm. He said the truth, revealed the hidden pain, casting ominous clouds. He knew that it could cause irreversible consequences, but insisted on doing it. What exactly was it for? How upright and poised he was! Why was such a person said to be a terrible devil? The vanished soul? Life was so unfair! Honesty for disaster, cunning for glory, how much right and wrong in the world had been turned upside down! For a moment, Lanying felt that the ravine, valley and river in front of her had been filled in. Through the evening mist, she saw a sincere heart, glittering and shining like agates.<br />
<br />
兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
<br />
Lanying said excitedly, "I decided."<br />
<br />
画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "You love me?"<br />
<br />
“喜欢。”<br />
<br />
"Yes."<br />
<br />
“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
<br />
"What do I have to be loved?"<br />
<br />
“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
<br />
"Because you are honest, and love needs honesty."<br />
<br />
画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝 里滚动。<br />
<br />
The painter's whole body shocked, and he threw himself on the girl and buried his head in her arms. In one moment, the strong man turned into a child that curled up, with tears welling up in his eyes.<br />
<br />
一弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
<br />
A crescent moon rose. The ancient pagoda was solemn, and the bamboo forest whispered. The bright silver light shined on the girl, who was like a silver statue of goddess.<br />
<br />
画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
<br />
The painter was like embracing a treasure that he never wanted to lose. For many years, he lived and behaved with integrity, and infatuated with art. But no one had ever given such an evaluation on him. Today, the girl judged his conscience, filling his lonely heart with light. He was satisfied and relieved, feeling that he got the greatest reward for the hardship he had suffered for years…<br />
<br />
双桥<br />
<br />
Shuangqiao<br />
<br />
当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢——充当囚犯, 颠沛流离 ,饱尝辛酸……<br />
<br />
Contemporary artists have great passions to pursue their own artistic styles, and those who had suffered misfortune had unique styles that could not be replaced by others. Who wants to repeat their experience--to be a prisoner, to wander, to endure all kinds of hardships…<br />
<br />
翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
<br />
Open Repin’s collection, and look at ''Barge Haulers on the Volga''.<br />
<br />
我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石磙,弓着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下一闪一闪。<br />
<br />
There is a picture similar to ''Barge Haulers on the Volga'' before us, a living picture. The sun was hot, and the air was burning. On the golden wheat field, a young man pulled a stone roller with the posture of the barge hauler on the Volga. He bowed, head down, with a rope trip on his shoulder, hands almost down to the ground. Sweat was running down his bare back, glowing and winking in the sun.<br />
<br />
这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是最年轻的一个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石磙,一拉就是一天。<br />
<br />
This was Shuangqiao Farm in Beijing, one of the earliest state farms, which was famous for its mechanized production. But the artists from the Central Academy of Fine Arts did the work like animal labor. Yuan Yunsheng was the youngest among more than twenty people, who volunteered to do the heaviest work. He pulled the stone roller on the wheat field all day.<br />
<br />
二十几个人住在一间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。几年前,在他们头顶上发生的 那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成为一门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向两极。<br />
<br />
More than twenty people lived in a large room, with shabby windows and doors, and flies and mosquitoes flying freely in and out. There were two rows of wide beds for a number of people and tables made of wooden boards in the room. The dean, professors, teaching assistants and students were equally treated here. The explosion that happened above their heads a few years ago caused different reactions in each of them. Some were silent, some were endlessly repentant, some were calm, and some were trembling, just as the mechanics of the explosion developed into a unique craft, capable of both destruction and construction, making their spiritual models distinctly polarized.<br />
<br />
袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头一个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,一头畜力转眼间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng returned to the room from the wheat field, his first action was to fall on the drawing board by the bed. The animal became an artist with glittering eyes at once, just like the miracle of a magic show by a magician. With the drawing board under his arm, he looked for prey everywhere. He was the master of everything in the territory of visual image.<br />
<br />
他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着他。试问 ,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展示了情景交融的空间——略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
<br />
He doggedly innovated, of his own accord and under duress. He had to reform through labor, and made art at the same time, who needed to adapt to the new environment because he could not leisurely portray objects like oil painters. Applying the achievements of line modeling in Chinese painting to Western oil painting, which was a hazy pursuit before, now became a bright flame that attracted him strongly. Who had ever seen the existence of "line" in life? And he saw it. He observed the layers of light, analyzed the light and plane of the object, trying to grasp the moment when a plane met another plane. The changing, transitional, and wonderful division showed clear lines on the retina, which commanded the hand and pen through the processing of the brain, the exaggeration of emphasis and the appropriate deformation, drawing firm or soft lines on the sketch, as simple as Chinese paintings, as precise as Western paintings, like a Peking Opera artist on an empty stage, showing the space that feelings mingled with scenes with his nuanced hand movements, expression of eyes and body motions--a remarkable painting language that was slight but not empty, with real in its emptiness.<br />
<br />
他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
<br />
He figured it out. Since his paintings would never be cared again, let alone exhibited, he could let his pen draw freely. During the days in the farm, he made more than two thousand sketches with pens, brushes and pencils, far more than the number of assignments for students in fine art colleges. With heavy work and strong foundation, he went toward his goal. A large pile of sketches on his bedside was the accumulation of his faith and the ocean of spirit.<br />
<br />
住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
<br />
Among the people living in the same room, there was a stern elder who often watched the young painter's behaviors. He was Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy. Jiang Feng's gaze was astonished. He didn’t know his student before, but now he was touched by Yuan Yunsheng's enthusiasm for hard work and advancement.<br />
<br />
“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去！”<br />
<br />
"I really don't understand why the student like you should be labeled as a 'rightist'?" Jiang Feng said to Yuan Yunsheng, "Draw it. As long as you think it's right, you can draw it according to your will!"<br />
<br />
这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
<br />
It was the direct teaching Yuan Yunsheng heard from the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, not in the grand academy, but in the hard adversity. This teaching impressed him forever.<br />
<br />
一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
<br />
One day, people living in the same room held a review meeting. Some of them confessed as usual, but Jiang Feng declaimed, criticizing the proneness to boasting and exaggeration in publicity, the disconnect between economic policy and economic base, and the hazards of "Left" opportunism, just like a level-headed politician without the slightest self-consciousness of an offender. He was still him, maintaining human dignity, and exercising the rights of the brain and mouth. Yuan Yunsheng listened, filled with admiration.<br />
<br />
散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特儿是清癯的、憔悴的,一副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出一个美的灵魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
<br />
After the meeting, Jiang Feng read a book with his head on the desk. Yuan Yunsheng quietly picked up the drawing board and looked towards him. The model in front of him was skinny and haggard, with a contemplative look. However, in the painter's mind, a beautiful soul was reflected, as hard and transparent as diamonds. The painter used his brush to draw a portrait of him with ease and verve.<br />
<br />
“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
<br />
"Oh, I'm much thinner than before." Jiang Feng took the sketch and said with emotion, "Leave this painting to me. You and I have a memorable friendship…"<br />
<br />
这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
<br />
The sketch was paired with a frame, hanging in Jiang Feng's home for many years.<br />
<br />
一个被撤职的党委书记,一个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
<br />
A dismissed secretary of the Party Committee, and a young man forced to stop school. Neither of their personalities were distorted under the weight. Once the personality had overcome the ordeal, it was like cast iron. It was the same to admit it or not.<br />
<br />
雨纷纷<br />
<br />
The Drizzling Water <br />
<br />
画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业分配。<br />
<br />
The painter parted with Lanying in Suzhou and returned to Changchun. They exchanged letters from time to time. A year later, Lanying was facing job assignment after graduation.<br />
<br />
东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降临头上。<br />
<br />
The Northeast was very unfamiliar to Lanying. In her imagination, it was distant borderlands covered with snow and ice, a terrible place so cold that the nose, ears and chin could be frozen off. None of the students wanted to be assigned to the Northeast. They were used to the affluent conditions and warm climate of lands of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River, and the mere mention of the Northeast made their hair stand on end, as if the doom of exile had fallen on their heads. <br />
<br />
兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
<br />
Lanying was regardless of anything. In the girl's mind, where he was, there was spring, and there was a bonfire! She was willing to suffer cold and hunger just by his side.<br />
<br />
当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying proposed to the organization of his aspiration for assignment, the other side was shocked: “Ah, you already have a boyfriend! How long have you known each other? What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
姑娘一五一十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住 。<br />
<br />
The girl answered one by one. She thought that it could not be hidden sooner or later.<br />
<br />
兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象力,把故事编得像田园牧歌一样美妙——<br />
<br />
Lanying’s story spread through the college. Oral litterateurs were not lack in imagination, and made up the story as beautiful as an idyllic pastoral--<br />
<br />
“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
<br />
"Hey, did you hear? Lanying asked to be assigned to Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
<br />
"So far away! Why do you want to go there?"<br />
<br />
“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子。”<br />
<br />
"She met a boyfriend, one of the most beautiful men in Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那个人干什么的?”<br />
<br />
"What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
<br />
"He's an actor at Changchun Film Studio. He acted many movies."<br />
<br />
“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
<br />
"Of course it is good to have an actor as boyfriend. He can go everywhere in the country. <br />
Studios are in big cities, and Lanying can be transferred to wherever she likes!"<br />
<br />
但是,在学校的一间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
<br />
But in a small room of the college, Lanying's head was under the weight of thousand pounds, and furious and disappointed eyes were cast at him: “You are too naïve in politics. Who is he? A ‘rightist', who is anti-Party and anti-socialist. Who are you? The descendant of revolutionary martyrs, member of the Communist Youth League, and the Party organization's development target. Won’t you feel sorry about your dead parents? And the Party?<br />
<br />
兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了……”<br />
<br />
Lanying argued: "His hat had been taken off…"<br />
<br />
“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样一个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣个黑锅背一辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
<br />
"Whether his hat had been taken off or not, it was all the same. If one has such a family, he could not shake it off. But you want to have the injustice and carry it for the rest of your life. How silly you are!"<br />
<br />
“我乐意……”<br />
<br />
"I don’t care…"<br />
<br />
“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍白,四肢麻木,像是一个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
<br />
"Don’t say any more! You are already his prisoner, standing on a cliff. You have to break off with him, and never meet him again. If he writes to you, you hand it over to the organization to deal with!" Lanying sat in a corner of the room, pale and numb, like a rebel on trial. What did she have to say? A simple-hearted girl confided in others the secret of love for the first time, who should receive happy congratulations. However, she received brutal reprimand and forced interferences, and it was useless to argue with them. She dragged herself back to the dormitory.<br />
<br />
更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她,好像她做了什么亏心事。一颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
<br />
What was harder to bear was the mute weight. Her classmates looked at her with scorn and whispered about her as if she had done something against conscience. A pearl once held in the palm of the hand suddenly became the object of ridicule, so that she tasted the fickleness of the world, the ups and downs of fate, and aroused a strong feeling of rebellion.<br />
<br />
她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨——爸爸生前的战友。<br />
<br />
She wrote a letter and sent it to an aunt in Hangzhou, a former comrade of her father.<br />
<br />
阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
<br />
The aunt soon sent a telegram, asking her to go to Hangzhou and talking with her face to face.<br />
<br />
兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空一样阴郁。<br />
<br />
When she arrived in Hangzhou, it was drizzling. The aunt took her to her residence, and was very hospitable with smile, trying to make her happy. However, Lanying's face looked sad, as gloomy as the sky.<br />
<br />
“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说，“我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
<br />
"What if you worry yourself into illness?” The aunt said, "Let me go out for a walk with you.”<br />
<br />
她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
<br />
They went to Orioles Singing in the Willows of the West Lake with an umbrella.<br />
<br />
西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
<br />
The West Lake was silvery gray in front of Lanying. The sky was silver, and the water was silver. The atmosphere was drifting with silver powder that looked like rain but not rain, which he could not feel, and her clothes seemed to be getting wet but not.<br />
<br />
兰英的眉心舒展 了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
<br />
Lanying felt more comfortable: "The scenery here is so beautiful!"<br />
<br />
“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢，”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍一个男朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证会喜欢他……”<br />
<br />
"It is worth coming here, right. There is another happy thing," said the aunt with a smile, "I’ll introduce to you a boyfriend. He is a member of the party and does confidential work in the army. He is handsome and you are well-matched in age. I’m sure that as long as you are willing to meet him, you are going to like him…"<br />
<br />
兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
<br />
Lanying was on the alert at once: "Did you invite me here just for this?"<br />
<br />
阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养感情嘛……”<br />
<br />
The aunt said: "I’m doing this for your own good. The relationship needs to be cultivated. You don’t have a relationship with him now, but you can cultivate it…"<br />
<br />
姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进一团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲径好像布满陷阱。一种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。给你!”<br />
<br />
The girl only felt that her chest was stuffed with a mess. The beautiful scenery of the West Lake had become nasty, and the winding path under her feet seemed to be fraught with pitfalls. A feeling of being fooled came over her, and she said angrily: "I don't want to see anyone. Here you are!"<br />
<br />
兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
<br />
Lanying shoved the umbrella into the aunt's hand, turned and ran away through the cold rain. Behind her, the lake water lapped at the shore, making a rhythmic sound, like heaving sighs…<br />
<br />
回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
<br />
Back to the residence, the first thing Lanying did was to pack things, ready to return to Suzhou. The aunt came over and said calmly, "Lanying, I know your temper. Once you have decided something, no one can persuade you…"<br />
<br />
“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
<br />
"I appreciate that you know it." The girl said tonelessly.<br />
<br />
“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好好谈谈吧……”<br />
<br />
"I have only one request." said the aunt, "Since you came to Hangzhou, it does not hurt to stay one more day. Let's talk about it in the evening…"<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
<br />
At night, Lanying and the aunt sat face to face by lamplight.<br />
<br />
“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I trust your eyes. The person you like must be good." The aunt said calmly. “Our party implements a policy of uniting and reforming intellectuals, and people like him still have a role to play."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "I thought the same thing…"<br />
<br />
“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们一些好处。打个比喻吧,好比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那些人再好,也不能使用。你多想一想吧……”<br />
<br />
"But let me tell you more detailed information." The aunt said, "At present, we do not have a team of intellectuals of our own. If we don’t rely on them, who can we rely on? If we want to use them, we have to give them some benefits. To use an analogy, it is like a jelly bean to coax children. The little sweetness will soon melt. When our own team grows up, they can’t be used anymore no matter how good they are. Think more about it…”<br />
<br />
姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头一次听说,在政策的背后还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
<br />
After the girl listened to the thorough analysis, she was bewildered. She heard for the first time that there were policies behind a policy. The infinite mysteries of life were enough for her to digest slowly.<br />
<br />
这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。一个势单力孤的女子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越 ,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为一个农家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
<br />
That night, Lanying lost sleep. At the deadest time of the night, she was thinking about the painter who was far away and gradually came to realize that there were more serious obstacles between them than ice, snow, storms, mountains and rivers. A weak woman, powerless to push away the weight of society, tradition and mentality, felt that the future was infinitely uncertain. Did the girl regret having fallen in love with him? She could not find a reason to condemn herself. Their love was witnessed by the green hill and bright moon, without a trace of dust. She could only regret that she came from a privileged background and was fully favored, so that her love was also shackled. The girl would rather be reborn again for him… She fell asleep in a daze and had a sweet dream that she was transformed into a farm girl and met the painter among the white mountain and the black water. The whole world was pure as if it was covered with silver and jade… When she woke up, she found that it was just a delusional dream. The fate had been doomed, and everything was irreversible. The girl was desperate, with hot tears like a broken line of beads, from the cheeks constantly rolling down...<br />
<br />
第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看一看就会明白的。”<br />
<br />
The next day, the aunt put a magazine in front of Lanying: "This is what I found from the library, you will understand if you read it."<br />
<br />
这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到一篇文章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的一小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的题目——<br />
<br />
It was a magazine of ''Fine Arts'' published in that year. With trembling hands, Lanying opened the pages and found an article. The article criticized an oil painting by Yuan Yunsheng and included a photo of it. What was that? The painting was shrunken into a small and pitiful piece that could not be seen clearly. The girl finally found the title of the painting--<br />
<br />
水乡记忆<br />
<br />
Memory of the Water Town<br />
<br />
“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
<br />
"It’s okay. It’s okay. It would burn if you continue frying it."<br />
<br />
“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
<br />
"Be gentle, don't let others hear it."<br />
<br />
“我先尝尝——哈,又香又脆!”<br />
<br />
"Let me taste it first--ha, it’s delicious and crispy!"<br />
<br />
“放开肚皮吧 ,反正不花钱……”<br />
<br />
"Tuck in. It doesn’t cost money anyway…"<br />
<br />
袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng lying in bed, heard the laughter, the sizzle of boiling oil, and the greedy sound of chewing from next door, along with the aroma of fried oil cakes, keeping him awake at night. <br />
<br />
这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择一处乡土气息浓厚的地区深入生活 ,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓库隔壁的一间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传口号消失了,生理本能在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是一出率先占有填充材料的喜剧。<br />
<br />
This was the warehouse of the production team, located in a small town near Suzhou. Not long ago, Yuan Yunsheng returned to the Central Academy of Fine Arts from Shuangqiao Farm, and got back to Professor Dong Xiwen's studio to learn from him. The teacher suggested him to choose an area with a strong local flavor to plunge into the thick of life, collecting materials for his graduation work. He came to a town in the regions south of the Yangtze River and was assigned to a hut next to the production team's warehouse as the accommodation. It was a time of national economic hardship, and the water town, which was praised as “the earthly paradise", was also facing the threat of starvation. The fanatical slogan that was once popular disappeared and physiological instincts took effect in people, which was first shown in the town's cadres. In order to fill a few people’s bellies, they went harm to the group, compressing others’ bellies. The late-night performance was a comedy of being the first to take possession of the filling material.<br />
<br />
袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng rolled over in bed, causing a few rats to crawl out beside the pillow and hop around on him.<br />
<br />
“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
<br />
"There’s a noise!" The man next door said, "Should we ask that painter to come?"<br />
<br />
“别理他!”<br />
<br />
"Don’t mind him!"<br />
<br />
……<br />
<br />
这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预一下也无可厚非 。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
<br />
This was the material of real life! Paint it. Since "art was subordinate to politics", there was nothing wrong with intervening in such life. The painter lay in bed, his heart flowing with the feeling of concerning for the country and the people.<br />
<br />
然而,夜间的梦寐 并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
<br />
However, the dream at night did not leave the painter with a deep impression. He had his own understanding of the function of art. He came here for pursuit of the beauty in life, and the dust of life could not cloud the artist's heart of gold. The place he went to during the day gave satisfaction to his pursuit. A few weeks later, he returned to Beijing with everything that he wanted.<br />
<br />
回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,一股不可遏制的创作冲动驱使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去一个晚上的时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
<br />
One day after returning to Beijing, he leaned on his bed and thought after dinner. An uncontrollable impulse of creation drove him to pick up the brush and readily draw on the draft paper, the tip of the brush as smooth as floating clouds and flowing water. In only one night, he sketched out his graduation work.<br />
<br />
他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
<br />
He took the sketch to visit Teacher Dong Xiwen. The teacher looked at it and said: "I think it is distinctive. The workload is not small. Get on with it!"<br />
<br />
他把行李卷、画布和油彩,一股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上一摊,不分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
<br />
He moved the bedding roll, canvases and oil paints into the large warehouse of the college. This warehouse was used to store large-scale cultural relics, including a tall stone camel, an excavated stone horse and a stone tiger in front of the tomb of the Han Dynasty general Huo Qubing. The floor was covered with thick dust, and the walls were covered with cobwebs, like a gloomy old castle. He spread the bedding roll on the floor, and worked day and night. The stone tiger and horse watched a young painter working like a maniac. Two months later, Yuan Yunsheng asked someone to help him lift out a huge oil painting.<br />
<br />
这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
<br />
The painting was titled ''Memory of the Water Town''.<br />
<br />
《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优 ”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的分数都不肯给。<br />
<br />
''Memory of the Water Town'' became the topic of conversation in the circle of art. The doyens of painting such as Dong Xiwen, Ye Qianyu and Huang Yongyu praised it, who argued that his graduation grade should be “excellent”. Some others shook their heads and frowned, refusing to give him even a passing grade.<br />
<br />
水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
<br />
What was the memory of the water town for the young painter?<br />
<br />
画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
<br />
In the picture is a small bridge common in Suzhou, which is the style of traditional architectural left over from the Ming Dynasty, with exquisite structure, decorated with delicate sculpted reliefs. The two sides of the bridge show the houses, streets and the lively scene of the market trading during the Spring Festival.<br />
<br />
看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。一个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开一张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。一个淳朴的小女孩刚才卖掉一只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着一桩桩美好的故事——人们在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
<br />
Look, there are people setting up the stage for Beijing opera performance, there are people selling New Year's pictures, and there are people selling grain and vegetables, so lively. A beautiful country girl spreads out a newspaper at her feet and sets bunches of flowers on it, expecting people to visit. A simple little girl has just sold a lamb. Perhaps because the cute little animal was fed by her hands when growing up, she sees it being taken away, showing a look of melancholy... With the strong national style and local customs and practices, the painter drew hundreds of lifelike characters, around the stone bridge to tell good stories -- people exchanged their results of hard work a year here, and were pleased and gratified by the rich and colorful folk recreations.<br />
<br />
桥下是一泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
<br />
Under the bridge is clear, rippling and sparkling. The dark-awninged boats, small wooden boats and barges carrying purchases for the Spring Festival are so close to each other, and brush past the others. The boatmen are all humble, avoiding each other, and quickly giving the way for the neighboring boats. A young man lies leisurely on the bow of the boat, the sunlight sprinkling over his face, and thinks with a vision of the future…<br />
<br />
这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举世无双的韧性——走向明天!<br />
<br />
Weren’t the small bridge and the river the reappearance of our national features! Our nation suffered a lot, and was at a very difficult time; however, our indomitable national spirit was not destroyed by the disaster. We were strong, confident and optimistic, emphasized courtesy, and maintained great dignity, with a slow rhythm, calm pace, and resilience that was unparalleled in the world--towards tomorrow!<br />
<br />
谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
<br />
Who could have guessed that the original idea of this painting was conceived in that hut in the water town, that shady with mice hopping around, adjacent to the evil. What a contrast between the hard work of the people, the innocence of the painter, and the greed, selfishness and deceit just a wall away! The painter brushed away the shadows of life, and used painting language to express his deep love for his country and people with good wishes. This was the self-analysis of the painter's mind and character!<br />
<br />
当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩 ,年画的敦厚朴实和壁画的装饰趣味。<br />
<br />
When ''Memory of the Water Town'' was put on public display, hanging in the auditorium of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, the response from the audience was enthusiastic. Some people left comments, some took pictures, and some copied it. Just in terms of its innovation in artistic style, people were amazed by it. The author put aside the "three unities" of plot devices of Western oil painting and the traditional perspective rules, and adopted the ingenious technique of cavalier perspective of Chinese painting, so as to make the independent stories on the picture blend together. When portraying the characters, the author masterly used the tools of Western oil painting, boldly used line modeling, and absorbed the exaggeration of the ancient art of pottery figurines to depict images of the figures with different expressions. The painting had the splendor and magnificence of oil painting, the exact delineation and heavy colors of Chinese painting, the sincerity and simplicity of New Year’s picture and the decorative interest of fresco. <br />
<br />
把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为一炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿了吧！<br />
<br />
It was the author's dream to integrate the ancient and modern, Chinese and Western painting arts into one. His dream should come true!<br />
<br />
但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
<br />
However, the fate of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was suddenly reversed, which was taken off the wall of the exhibition hall and thrown into the garbage dump where scraps were stored. Later, a young man who loved table tennis found its value and dragged it behind the table to use it as a baffle to block the ball. Later, a student from the art history department felt bad for it and secretly cut it down with a scissor, folded it up, and pressed it under the bed in the dormitory. However, the college reported it to the police in panic, bringing in the comrades in the department of public safety to enter the college to reconnoiter, as if searching for an indecent prohibited thing. Finally, the enthusiastic collector had to hand it over, and the campus loudspeaker immediately broadcasted that it was "another victory in paying great attention to class struggle".<br />
<br />
离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着一堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的路口只亮着一盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
<br />
Was it bizarre? Not really. The climate was changing, three years of hardship passed, the fairs trade in the countryside was banned, and the days of hunger were forgotten. Today's politics made new requirements on yesterday's art, and it was time for the painter to be spanked. The author of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was faced with lots of questions that he could never answer: Why didn't you paint a tractor? Why didn't you paint the wheat field with a good harvest? Why didn't paint… Among all the criticisms, no one had ever accused him of not painting the scene next door that night, though such phenomena were a well-known fact. There was only one green light at the intersection of literary criticism: turning left. The artist who stayed true to the art went straight ahead and was denounced as being too "right".<br />
<br />
中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出作者的艺术才能。”<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, once said with emotion: "If this painting had not been damaged, and had been put on display, I can predict that the audience would have rehabilitated him. Even in this tentative work, we can see the artistic talent of the author."<br />
<br />
只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世——其中也包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, the remains of the painting couldn’t be found. The only memorial it had left was a pathetically small picture, accompanied by a critical article that sounded plausible, published in a corner of ''Fine Arts''. The painter should feel honored that it was the first time his work had been made into a zincograph, and printed, spreading around the world--including the one in front of Lanying.<br />
<br />
月台边<br />
<br />
At the Edge of the Platform<br />
<br />
兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
<br />
The second morning Lanying spent in Hangzhou was the most painful time for her.<br />
<br />
阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子 ,还会累及子女。<br />
<br />
The aunt stood beside her as her guardian, and pointed to the magazine as if she had found a powerful proof. The aunt said that a man like Yuan Yunsheng would not correct his mistake, and others would not tolerate him. It would be a lifelong mistake to combine with him, never seeing the light in the future and implicating the children.<br />
<br />
那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘与画家结合 的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
<br />
The magazine did not frighten the girl’s love away, but made her feel the seriousness of the problem. It seemed that it was not only the aunt, the college, but also the whole society that prevented her from being bound with the painter. It seemed that everyone except the girl was cursing him and splashing dirty water on the painter. Did the girl still have the courage to go towards him? Talking about the future children, those innocent babies that would follow the adults and spend their whole life in the mud, Lanying's heart was softened.<br />
<br />
这是一场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
<br />
It was an irresistible spiritual siege. Lanying hunched over the table and burst into tears…<br />
<br />
阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效力,递过一支笔、一张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
<br />
Seeing the effect of her good intention, the aunt handed over a pen and a piece of paper: "Writing him a letter and making it clear, you’ll feel comfortable. If he really loves you, he will not give you trouble again…"<br />
<br />
兰英接过纸笔。<br />
<br />
Lanying took the paper and pen.<br />
<br />
她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家能够得到另一个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后一个字,信纸上满是斑斑泪痕。<br />
<br />
She wrote a very firm statement, cutting off communication with the painter, and didn’t explain anything. She took the responsibility, saying that she was willing to pay the lifelong price for her impulse and would never get married again. In her letter, she wished the painter to get another girl who would love him as much as she did… When she finished the letter, it was blotted with tears.<br />
<br />
阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
<br />
The aunt took it over to have a look and sighed: "Look, the handwriting was wet with tears. It’ll make him suspect that you are not really want to break up with him ......"<br />
<br />
“本来就是被迫的！”兰英没好气地说。<br />
<br />
"It was forced!" Lanying said angrily.<br />
<br />
阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
<br />
The aunt finally got the written pledge and was relieved, sealing the envelope with her own hands, sticking a stamp on it, and taking it to the post office.<br />
<br />
兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将把信撕得粉碎,一赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下 ,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净……<br />
<br />
Lanying returned to Suzhou from Hangzhou, and felt every day like a year, repeatedly imagining the painter's reaction. The painter would be furious, wouldn’t he? Lanying really did not want to add a new scar to the painter's heart, which had been badly wounded, so she did not write irritating words in the letter. But the painter would understand the reason for the change. The letter had already constituted a contempt and insult to him. Would he rip it up and decide not to write back in a fit of anger? Or would he bow to his fate and fall into a depression? Or, the girl's worries were superfluous. Men were men, who were easy come and easy go. He would wipe the girl out of his memory, completely forgetting her.<br />
<br />
兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
<br />
The last thing that Lanying wanted to happen was the latter situation.<br />
<br />
画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
<br />
The painter wrote back with stiff words. He agreed to break up, without a hint of a pleading tone, with only one last condition, asking Lanying to come to Changchun and explain the reason face to face.<br />
<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
<br />
Like hearing an echo from an empty valley, Lanying ran into the college office clasping the letter.<br />
<br />
姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
<br />
The girl placed the letter on the table and said: "Please allow me to go to Changchun."<br />
<br />
对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
<br />
After reading the painter's letter, the other party looked up and asked, "Is this the last meeting?"<br />
<br />
“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
<br />
"Yes." The girl said, "We're very determined."<br />
<br />
学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
<br />
The college could not say the reason for refusing the girl and let her go. On the day of the girl’s departure, the school made a long-distance call to Changchun, asking the painter's unit to cooperate and pay attention to the actions of Lanying and the painter, promoting both sides to break off the relationship.<br />
<br />
火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人头攒动的月台上,她一眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
<br />
The train was flying along, the vast fields passing outside the window. The girl was anxious. She was longing for the scenery of the Northeast in her dream before, but this journey didn’t leave any impression on her. She only remembered the moment the train arrived in Changchun, when she saw the painter with a pale face at a glance on the crowded platform.<br />
<br />
兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
<br />
When Lanying stepped out of the train, the painter was coming up. He still held the sketchbook in his hand, pretending to be calm. However, his tired and dark look, holding back great pain, could not escape the girl's keen eyes. It was exactly what the girl hoped to see, and a thrill of joy rose in her heart. <br />
<br />
画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
<br />
The painter stopped at the edge of the platform, keeping a few steps from the girl.<br />
<br />
“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
<br />
"Please answer now," the painter's voice was like the low roar of a wild animal, "why do you change your mind? Why do you bend to the will of others?"<br />
<br />
姑娘把旅行袋往前一递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听懂是什么意思。<br />
<br />
The girl handed her travel bag forward: "Do you think I come to Changchun to negotiate with you?" The painter was stunned, not understanding what it meant.<br />
<br />
“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑一趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
<br />
"You fool! If I want to break up with you, do I need to come all the way here?" The girl smiled sweetly, "There is a long way to go, and you need to be tested!"<br />
<br />
明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解——那些无尽无休的劝说、挑唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
<br />
The bright sunlight returned to the painter's face. He even forgot to pick up the girl's bag, and was so excited that he didn’t know what to do. The girl dodged back a little, really afraid that the guy who lost his mind in front of him would throw himself into her arms in full view of a large crowd with no regard for the customs of the country… The consensus reached the Changchun negotiation--those endless persuasions, instigation and restraint were really tiresome that decisive actions had to be taken to get rid of it.<br />
<br />
兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同财产,是一条印花双人床单。在一间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
<br />
Lanying and the painter married in the summer vacation after graduation. The wedding was held in Changchun, without relatives officiating, and classmates congratulating. The only gift they received was a blouse given by Yuan Yunfu to his sister-in-law; the new common property was a printed double bed sheet. In a temporary borrowed hut, they performed a solemn ceremony of life. Lanying spent her honeymoon in disassembling and washing the bedding for the former bachelor. The short honeymoon ended as Lanying's reporting date approached.<br />
<br />
人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
<br />
The Queen Mother of the world was not willing to give in after all, and deliberately laid a galaxy between them.<br />
<br />
兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽容——除了东北三省之外,其他任何一个城市都行。实心眼儿的 姑娘把手指放在地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
<br />
Lanying's place of work was chosen from the map. When she was assigned after graduation, the college gave her lenient conditions--any city except the three provinces of the northeast. The honest girl put her finger on the map and found the nearest place to the Northeast along the railway line. Her finger crossed Beijing, Tianjin, and rested on a small circle south of Shanhaiguan: Tangshan. She thought that it was the ideal crossing of the Milky Way on earth.<br />
<br />
她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着一块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生活无法自理。直到这时,她才感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
<br />
Not long after she arrived in Tangshan, she was caught in an "unprecedented" storm. With marches, rebellions, and two factions fighting with each other with machetes and spears, the whole city fell into primitive tribal strife. Lanying was alone and lived in uncertainty in troubled times. The annual visits to her husband comforted her a little in spirit. Later, she was pregnant. The overwork and poor living conditions caused Lanying to suffer from lumbar spine strain. Her back was like carrying a heavy iron plate, and she couldn’t roll over in bed. There was no one to make fires in the house, and the flimsy door and windows could not withstand the cold wind. The lumbar disease made her stiff and unable to take care of herself. By this time, she felt that she needed her husband by her side so much…<br />
<br />
画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到一份工作,又赶到唐山,好不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户口的证件。至此,他们已经两地分居六年了。<br />
<br />
The painter went around and asked, and finally found a job for his wife in a hospital in Changchun, and then rushed to Tangshan. With difficulty, he passed many hurdles and got the documents to switch his wife’s job and transfer her registered permanent residence. So far, they had been living apart for six years.<br />
<br />
兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西——优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。耿耿 银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
<br />
When Lanying sat on the train, the platform in Changchun moving in front of her eyes again, she could not help but have mixed feelings. For six years, she lost a lot of things out of her own volition--a bright future in politics, a beautiful youth and excellent conditions. The corners of her pretty eyes were covered with worry lines, and her beautiful cheeks became sallow with a gaunt appearance. She paid a huge price for the ordinary life of ordinary people, and a charge of "the family member of a rightist whose hat was taken off”. The Milky Way was in front of her, and there were the same strict rituals in heaven and on earth. <br />
<br />
陋室铭<br />
<br />
The Humble Room<br />
<br />
破木桌上摊开一张纸片,一只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
<br />
A piece of paper was spread out on the broken wooden table, and a small hand holding the brush, applied watercolor to the paper. Round, square and irregular blocks of color appeared under the brush, representing different still life: the round one was a washtub, the square one was an old wooden box, and the irregular one was a diaper on a clothesline…<br />
<br />
这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
<br />
It was the artist's son sketching. He was born in Changchun, and no matter how difficult the path of his parents' life was, he grew up according to the laws of nature, until he was old enough to grasp a brush with his little hand. <br />
<br />
小屋只有14平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, 一排大连铺占去三分之二的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
<br />
The house was only 14 square meters. A little sister added to the family, and four of them were crammed into a small space, with a large bed taking up two thirds of the area. The broken wooden table in front of the window was the dad's workbench at ordinary times, and the son's bed at night. The rest of the space was for cooking and washing clothes, and there was no extra space.<br />
<br />
眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
<br />
The artist's son had painted the scene in front of him more than once, which was his first subject of contact with life. This lovely third generation in new China repeatedly painted with the most beautiful colors in his young mind, and had accumulated dozens of sketches. Whenever the neighbors came to visit, he would take out his works and show them off in front of them. However, the comments he heard were very disappointing: "Alas, Lanying, why does your precious son only paint the slums?"<br />
<br />
兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
<br />
Lanying gave a wry smile. What could she say? All her son painted were things in her house.<br />
<br />
兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头一样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
<br />
After Lanying moved to Changchun, she took on heavy housework and lived a hard life. She was used to eating ready-made meals in the canteen before, and never cooked; by this time, she was distressed to find that it was more difficult to steam the corn cake without turning souring than to perform a surgical operation in the hospital. For a long time, the steamed corn cakes, steamed bread of corn and steamed buns that the whole family ate were unbearably sour and hard like stones. The children still gobbled them up as if they natively tasted like that.<br />
<br />
家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱一个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭 。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
<br />
The family's finances were tight. The total income of two college graduates could not keep up with the increase of family members and the rise of commodity prices. The son was lucky enough to eat cake for a few days when he was a child. When it was the daughter's turn, the parents could no longer afford to buy cakes, so they had to buy bread that was a dime per piece to give the children a treat. Later, the parents brought home discounted black bread. Even so, the children were so happy, smiling from ear to ear.<br />
<br />
他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
<br />
They pinched and scraped, but still spent more than their income. At the end of every month, Lanying and the painter would empty out their pockets face to face.<br />
<br />
“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, we haven't bought the meat for this month yet." Lanying said.<br />
<br />
“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
<br />
"Let’s buy it." The painter said, "It's Sunday. It’s time to improve a meal."<br />
<br />
妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服口袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
<br />
The wife had been penniless for a while. The painter turned his pockets inside out to scrap up enough money to buy a catty of meat.<br />
<br />
儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
<br />
The son, who had already prepared a small snow sled and waited there, took the money and ran away with joy.<br />
<br />
过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
<br />
After a while, the son's cheer came from the door: "Come on, the meat is bought back!"<br />
<br />
画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
<br />
The painter and his wife ran out to greet it, but they were stunned: "Where's the meat?"<br />
<br />
儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚才他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤肉颠得没影了……<br />
<br />
My son looked back and saw that the snow sled was empty. He was too happy and run too fast, the catty of meat tossed away…<br />
<br />
“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
<br />
As the "buyer" had never failed in his duty, he became downhearted this time. The painter and Lanying had to comfort their son, holding his embarrassed little face and laughing.<br />
<br />
儿子也笑了。一场精神上的欢笑 代替了假日的会餐。<br />
<br />
The son laughed too. A time of mirth in spirit replaced the holiday meal.<br />
<br />
在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, the so-called "spiritual aristocrats" were finding jobs for themselves. Some decorated the facade of restaurants and hotels, painting some pictures to exchange bottles of wine and whole cases of fish. Some were busy with their household sidelines, producing modern furniture by hand. Others worked as art tutors, and if the students they taught had good backgrounds, their situations would soon be improved. But Yuan Yunsheng did not get any "extra money" and did not look for a way out. He was very busy. He worked during the day, honestly completing the tasks given to him and trying not to be faulted; after he came back home at night, he indulged in painting, steeping himself in his beloved art, and didn’t have time to do the housework.<br />
<br />
在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似的想点办法?”<br />
<br />
At the most difficult time for the family, Lanying said to Yunsheng in a tentative tone, "Could you think of some ways like others?"<br />
<br />
“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
<br />
"Think of what?" The painter asked in amazement.<br />
<br />
“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合过得去……”<br />
<br />
"I don't ask for anything more." The wife said, "I mean, if possible, to make life at home barely get by..."<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head: "There is a way. But that would wreck my art!"<br />
<br />
妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题一搁,永远不再提起。<br />
<br />
The wife knew the weight of the word "art" in her husband's heart. The subject was put aside, and never mentioned again.<br />
<br />
兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥一顿饱一顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣服洗一洗吧。”<br />
<br />
Lanying was sick from exhaustion, tortured by the pain of lumbar spine strain, and sometimes had to stay in bed. Whenever it happened, the sky of the family collapsed and everything was in chaos. The whole family ate erratically; when the children's clothes were dirty, they didn’t have others to change; the sheets were splattered with the painter's oil, like a canvas of an abstract painter... As a medical worker, Lanying had minimum requirements for sanitation. She could not tolerate it anymore, lying in bed and commending the painter: "Wash the sheets and clothes today."<br />
<br />
“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干一场。<br />
<br />
"Okay." The husband obediently put down the brush and rolled up his sleeves as if he was about to get some things done.<br />
<br />
他把床单和衣服泡了满满一盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他一忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;一忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
<br />
He soaked a full tub of sheets and clothes. As he washed, his hands on the washboard slowed down, and his eyes rested on the opposite wall. There hung a new painting, with the oil not yet dry. One minute he tilted his head sideways, looking pleased with himself; the next he frowned, as if he had found something unsatisfactory.<br />
<br />
他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
<br />
He stood up sharply, wiped his soapy hands on his breast, took a brush, and jumped on the bench, making some changes on the painting.<br />
<br />
兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过一丝苦笑。<br />
<br />
Lanying lay on the bed, with a wry smile flitting across the corner of his mouth.<br />
<br />
画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
<br />
The painter jumped off the bench and went back to the washtub. After a while, he couldn't help looking up at the wall again...<br />
<br />
一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,一共跳了多少次?”<br />
<br />
The day passed. He finally finished washing a tub of clothes, taking more than seven hours on it, and did not have time to cook. The whole family was hungry. Lanying, angry and amused, asked humorously, "Hey, how many times did you jump up and down from the bench?"<br />
<br />
画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
<br />
The painter shook his head blankly.<br />
<br />
兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪——整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
<br />
Lanying said: "You do not remember. I counted it for you--twenty times! Oh, what am I gonna do about you? When doing housework, you are lazy than anyone; when picking up the brush, you are more diligent than anyone..."<br />
<br />
天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入睡;儿子一沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另一只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
<br />
It was dark, and snow fell heavily outside the window, like tearing the cotton wool. Lanying, looking at the ceiling, wasn’t able to sleep; as soon as her son touched the pillow, he fell into a sound and sweet sleep. In the other corner of the hut, under the dim light, the painter was rocking his daughter with one hand, while the other hand was holding a brush and painting. He hummed an improvised lullaby, the song echoing softly in the hut...<br />
<br />
漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
<br />
They spent many nights like this in the long winter.<br />
<br />
兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为一个正直的画家的妻子的全部甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
<br />
The husband’s humming rang in Lanying’s ears, and she silently sank in thought. When she first fell in love with him, she admired his integrity and loyalty to art. Now, she had experienced all the joys and sorrows of being the wife of an upright painter. He was content with being poor and lonely. He didn’t have a normal family life, couldn’t see the light at the end of the tunnel, only asking for work, not the harvest... Who but his wife really understood him? He not only was not understood by the society, but he was also identified as a bad man, with sticks always waving above his head. Whenever thinking of these, the pain of the poor couple's disharmony dissipated, and the wife's heart turned into a spring water, full of female tenderness.<br />
<br />
她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
<br />
She thought, if two people shared the housework, they would get nothing done. Even if she had a terrible backache tomorrow, she had to bite the bullet and get up, bearing the heavy load of housework...<br />
<br />
车轮下<br />
<br />
Under the Wheels<br />
<br />
袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng slept late at night and when he rubbed his eyes the next morning, it was already broad daylight outside the window. "Shit!" He dressed frantically, "I'll be late again..."<br />
<br />
兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为一家人做早饭。<br />
<br />
Lanying had already got up, enduring the back pain, and was making breakfast for the family.<br />
<br />
画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
<br />
The painter asked in amazement, "Who told you to get up? You are not well yet!"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺一躺。”画家匆匆吃过早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
<br />
Lanying said, "It's nothing, I'm still on sick leave anyway. I can still lie down after you leave." The painter hurriedly ate the breakfast, pushed the bicycle and rushed out the door.<br />
<br />
在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过一场大雪,北风一刮,马路上结着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, it was the season when dripping water turned into ice and the breath from the mouth immediately turned to frost. After a heavy snowfall, and when the north wind blew, the roads were thick with ice. The trees on the roadside were covered with silver flowers, and the buildings shone with a dazzling silver glow like a richly decorated jade palace.<br />
<br />
画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命 的时刻。<br />
<br />
The painter was very anxious. Early in the morning, for others was the beginning of the day's work, but for him was the continuation of the night's work. The turn of day and night was the moment when he was busy running around and exhausted.<br />
<br />
人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
<br />
How many ordeals there were in life! Social, natural and accidental...<br />
<br />
穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽听一阵隆隆的马达声。一辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
<br />
Through a street, there was a busy intersection ahead, cars running like the tide. He rode forward cautiously, and suddenly heard a rumble of motors. A reckless truck crossed the intersection, refusing to slow down, as if there was no one else there. <br />
With fast speed, slippery ground, and without preparation, the painter had been too late to dodge it. A crush with a sound of bang, the painter flew far away with the car and fell to the ground. Just then, another truck came from the opposite side, and the painter was passed under the wheels of the truck like a ball...<br />
<br />
街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
<br />
When the people in the street saw this scene of tragedy, they screamed and froze there.<br />
<br />
卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
<br />
The truck driver lost his composure, forgetting to brake in the panic, and putting his right foot on the accelerator and drove on. The truck's big wheels ran over the bicycle, the steel frame uttered a short groan, and the bicycle seat was crushed into a ball. The truck kept going towards the painter.<br />
<br />
这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸口一轧,就算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
<br />
It was a moment of pain, a moment of approaching death. It was over. As soon as the car rolled over his chest, his life was over. He had suffered repeatedly on the road of life, and had never been willing to give in to the fate, but this time he was afraid that he would not be able to escape. He left his beloved art, his wife and children, and died meaninglessly...<br />
<br />
按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同情——预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头——抗争！<br />
<br />
According to Goethe, people could only have three feelings about their own sufferings and that of others: fear, terror and sympathy--the anxiety of foreseeing the coming catastrophe, the unexpected discovery of current suffering and the sympathy for the suffering of the time or the past. However, the painter, who fell under the wheel, had none of these three feelings in the hazy consciousness that flashed through his mind. Even at such a moment, he showed his stubborn character, and had only one strong thought--to struggle!<br />
<br />
接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
<br />
What happened next was unbelievable to the startled roadside pedestrians. They saw the body that fell under the truck suddenly straightened up, stretching out a pair of arms, and clinging to the front bumper of the truck. The truck roared and shook, as if to destroy the barrier; the person under the wheels struggled, slid, and refused to give up. People in the streets of Changchun saw a scene of flesh and blood stubbornly fighting with the steel monster.<br />
<br />
“千万不能倒下！”画家想,“一倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
<br />
"I must not fall down!" The painter thought, "If I fall down, I'll never get up again..."<br />
<br />
卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
<br />
The truck dragged the painter along the icy road, for 5 meters, 10 meters... Until the driver regained his normal reflexes, he hit the brake, overcoming the car's inertia.<br />
<br />
画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
<br />
The painter was injured seriously and his clothes were torn into ragged strips. He was taken to the hospital.<br />
<br />
抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天才清醒过来。<br />
<br />
When Lanying, who was sick at home, heard the news, there was a buzz in her head, and she felt that the sky was spinning, and her legs went limp. It took her a long time to wake.<br />
<br />
兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾一切地赶到医院。存车的时候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙怎么也拔不出来。<br />
<br />
Lanying got on her bicycle and, not knowing where she got the strength, she rushed to the hospital regardless. When she stored the car, she lost strength again. She could hardly look at the hospital door, her hands were shaking, and she could not pull the key out.<br />
<br />
存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚才进医院的时候,自己还能走路。”<br />
<br />
The old lady at the parking lots recognized Lanying: "You are Yuan's lover, right? Don't be afraid. He just walked into the hospital by himself."<br />
<br />
兰英这才觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
<br />
Lanying felt relieved now.<br />
<br />
兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫妻双双躺在床上。<br />
<br />
Lanying took her husband home to recover from his injuries. After this mental stimulation, the sick wife’s body was heavier. Both the couple lay in bed.<br />
<br />
孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和女儿一人捧回一包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
<br />
The child was left unattended. Lanying took out a few cents and asked the children to buy food. After a while, the son and daughter each brought back a packet of cookies, standing by the bed with tears in their eyes.<br />
<br />
儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
<br />
The son said, "Dad, eat this."<br />
<br />
女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
<br />
The daughter said, "Daddy, eat mine."<br />
<br />
兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿......<br />
<br />
Lanying took the children into her arms, wiping away the tears on their little faces for both of them. The children understood the family situation and tasted the desolation and fears of life too soon. Lanying only regrated that she couldn’t have more money to give her husband and children a little spiritual and physical compensation...<br />
<br />
画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰问。他们留下一百块钱赔偿经济损失——画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
<br />
While the painter was recovering from his injuries, the driver who caused the accident and the head of his unit came to his house to apologize and express sympathy. They left a hundred yuan to compensate for the economic loss--the painter's clothes, bicycle and medical expenses.<br />
<br />
客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
<br />
After the guests left, the painter sat on the bed, deep in thought.<br />
<br />
兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看一眼也令人伤心。<br />
<br />
Lanying looked at the pile of money and sighed sadly. Because her husband got it by escaping from death, she was sad even by glancing at it.<br />
<br />
画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
<br />
The painter suddenly got out of bed and paced around the house.<br />
<br />
“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, are you crazy?" His wife said with the tone of blame, "Your leg is not yet healed. Back to bed!"<br />
<br />
画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民——我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去！”<br />
<br />
The painter walked up to his wife, his eyes shining with excitement, "Look, I can walk! You know, I haven't gone out to paint for a long time, because I don't have that condition. How I long for the grassland in northern Shaanxi, the rushing Yellow River, and the people there--I'll take this money and go to Yan'an to paint from life!"<br />
<br />
这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是一个贫病交困的人的最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对一些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那样遥远,拼着性命才能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
<br />
This was the voice in the heart of the artist who just got up from under the wheel! This was the highest hope of a poor and sick man! His request was so limited, which didn’t matter to some people, but was so far away for him, who needed to fight for it with his life. Lanying felt like her chest was hit hard, with her heart burning, and ran out of words. She looked at her husband's sincere face, and understood it. Now that it could bring joy and satisfaction to him who longed to paint, then let him go.<br />
<br />
数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
<br />
A few days later, Yuan Yunsheng, dragging his unhealed body, carrying a heavy pack and painting tools, set off on a snowy and windy road with his wife's affectionate gaze...<br />
<br />
袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng went through difficulties on the trip to northern Shaanxi. As months went by, his face was engraved with the marks of the plateau sun and sandstorms, and he returned home with his bag full of sketches.<br />
<br />
袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,一举一动都受到街道居委会的监视。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing, he went to see Jiang Feng. At that time, the air in Beijing was suffocating. Jiang Feng was over 60 years old, whose situation was even worse than before. He lived alone in a messy compound, and his every move was monitored by the street committee.<br />
<br />
袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没有什么值得高兴的——中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路线走一遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng sat in front of the past the secretary of the Party Committee, bringing recent news of the old areas of northern Shaanxi. The news was nothing to cheer about--the People's Republic of China had been founded for more than twenty years, and everywhere he went along the route of the Red Army’s strategic shift, the people were still living in poverty. The young painter declaimed against the country’s failings, but suddenly thought that the walls have ears, and worried about the situation of the old man, so he dropped the subject and quietly looked at Jiang Feng.<br />
<br />
江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上挂着一幅画框,嵌着一张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng listened peacefully, looking calm, and had not intention of stopping him. On the wall behind him hung a framed sketch, which was exactly the one that Yuan Yunsheng painted for Jiang Feng in the Shuangqiao farm ten years ago. The old man maintained his inherent dignity as usual, and was a true tough man. Yuan Yunsheng experienced once again the spiritual power that calmed people down.<br />
<br />
袁运生打开画夹,把一组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng opened the portfolio and placed a group of sketches of people in northern Shaanxi in front of Jiang Feng, including a shepherd with a wrinkled face, a young people with a cold gaze showing disdain for everything, and a rural girl with her head bowed in contemplation... These characters were real and simple, with distinctive characters, and the unprovoked, unintelligible or artificial smiles that often appeared in general paintings could not be found on their faces. He painted the unique temperament of the people in northern Shaanxi.<br />
<br />
“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
<br />
"No one will publish these pictures if you take them out now." Jiang Feng said, "Maybe if you lose sincerity, you will get praise. But I think you are on the right way. The artist can't cater to the mass!"<br />
<br />
袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手一丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out another long scroll of landscape, 68 centimeters wide and more than 400 centimeters long. This painting depicted the lofty Jiaji Pagoda, the flowing water of the Yellow River that broke the ice, and the vast plateau scenery. It took him two whole days to stand in the cold wind and meticulously paint it with his frozen hands, and the strokes were rigorous and majestic.<br />
<br />
画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于1974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
<br />
In one corner of the picture were noted a few lines of small characters: "Written two days after painting at the end of December 1974, when the Yellow River water just broke the ice and flowed on."<br />
<br />
江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他说:“呵,黄河!一泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声音……"<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng extremely liked it after looking at it. The familiar scenery in northern Shaanxi in the picture evoked the strong feelings of the veteran of Yan’an. He said, "Oh, Yellow River! Flowing down vigorously, rushing and surging, and stirring up lofty high raging waves. I seem to hear its voice again..."<br />
<br />
春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了!<br />
<br />
The day finally came like the spring water breaking through the ice and fire erupting from the heart of the earth!<br />
<br />
担担画<br />
<br />
Shoulder Pole Painting<br />
<br />
“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
<br />
When the "Gang of Four" disappeared from political life, the art world burst into life.<br />
<br />
美术界一些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头角,施展才华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是一个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。这个磨砺精深的艺术家，就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
<br />
Some upright men in the art world sympathized with Yuan Yunsheng, whose talent had been buried for many years, and hoped that he could show his talent again. Zhang Ding, the president of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, wrote specially to recommend him to paint. Fei Zheng, who was now the vice chairman of the Hebei Art Association, also made an effort to help him. However, all these efforts were mildly rebuffed and turned back by various excuses. It was clear that Yuan Yunsheng's name was still an ominous thing, subject to indifference and discrimination. This artist with superb painting skills did not even have the opportunity to draw a comic book.<br />
<br />
乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
<br />
Even when it's warmer there is still a chill. It is most difficult to keep well.<br />
<br />
在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,一头不驯服的长发如垂下万根烦恼丝 。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
<br />
In his humble room in Changchun, Yuan Yunsheng was drawing a portrait of himself with a brush in his hand in front of a mirror. A head full of sadness appeared on the sketch, with deep creases, a weed-like beard, and long untamed hair such as hanging down ten thousand trouble silk. His hair was very long and he didn’t have time to care about it, so rarely trimmed it. This appearance, from the personality of the art, matched the painter's difficult state of mind and stubborn temperament... He was nearly forty years old. Since the criticism of ''Memory of the Water Town'', he had not painted a picture according to his own will for more than ten years. How could it not make him have thousands of trouble silk!<br />
<br />
他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
<br />
He threw down his paintbrush irritably and picked up a novel to kill time.<br />
<br />
兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
<br />
Every time Lanying returned home, she always asked with concern, "Yunsheng, have you got any news?"<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head, and the wife sighed.<br />
<br />
兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
<br />
Lanying was already a middle-aged woman. She gave birth to a third child and shouldered the burden of a family of five. On the family agenda, Lanying's main concern was still her husband's art. Art brought joy to her husband, and his joy was her joy. She also waited with the same anxiety.<br />
<br />
1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
<br />
In May 1978, the enthusiastic efforts of a few friends finally paid off, and Yuan Yunsheng got a chance to go out sketching in the beautiful Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province.<br />
<br />
他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了妻子,全家人像过节一样快乐。<br />
<br />
When he received the telegram from Yunnan People's Publishing House, he was ecstatically happy. He immediately told his wife this excellent thing and the whole family was happy just like at a festival.<br />
<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
<br />
His son asked curiously, "Dad, what does Xishuangbanna look like?"<br />
<br />
“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
<br />
"Beautiful!" He said with a smile, "I'll show you the picture I paint when I came back."<br />
<br />
女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
<br />
His daughter tugged at his coat: "Dad, what good things are there in Xishuangbanna?"<br />
<br />
“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
<br />
"There’s a lot of fruit." He stroked his daughter's head, "I'll buy some for you to eat."<br />
<br />
他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
<br />
He was busy packing and organizing his painting tools, making a big mess, and he could not wait to start on his way.<br />
<br />
兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying looked at the things spread all over the floor and asked in amazement: "Why do you bring so many things?"<br />
<br />
丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注一掷了!”<br />
<br />
Her husband said, "It's a rare opportunity, so I need to go for broke!"<br />
<br />
是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使一颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴一样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
<br />
Yes, this painter had been treated coldly for many years. If you think about his action of picking himself up from under the wheel and going to northern Shaanxi that year, you can understand his feelings at this moment. He was eager to go deeply into life and considered it more important than life. Now, a publishing unit sent a formal invitation to him, which made the heart of a man who was loyal to art ablaze like dry firewood.<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,一针针,一线线,直缝到天色薄明。<br />
<br />
In the evening, Lanying found some old cloth and sewed a backpack for her husband under the lamp, needle by needle, thread by thread, until the break of dawn.<br />
<br />
“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
<br />
"How long will you go this time?" Lanying asked.<br />
<br />
“三个月吧。”画家说,“你一个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
<br />
"About three months." The painter said, "Can you take after three children alone?"<br />
<br />
妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
<br />
The wife smiled: "I'm satisfied that you can think of my difficulties..."<br />
<br />
这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府——景洪。他被西双版纳惊人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁着珠光宝气。<br />
<br />
In May of that year, Yuan arrived at Jinghong, the capital of Xishuangbanna, on the banks of the Lancang River. He was deeply shocked by the amazing beauty of Xishuangbanna. When he looked up, everywhere was rich green, and everywhere was picturesque. <br />
The forest was as green as emerald, the valley was like being paved with green velvet, the river was like flowing congealed fat, and the moist air also felt like crystal. No wonder the Dai people compared Xishuangbanna to a shining jewel. The mountains and waters here were glittering with pearls.<br />
<br />
有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
<br />
Who could feel the beauty of life better than a painter? There were so many beautiful sceneries, as if he came to the paradise in hope. The creator of nature seemed to have a special love for this land and poured out the romantic colors of the world everywhere, so that he feasted his eyes on it and he was ecstatic!<br />
<br />
他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地 。招待所的服务人员很有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进一间中等客房。<br />
<br />
He checked in the Jinghong hostel and took a break, preparing to go deeper into the Xishuangbanna. The hostel staff received the painter politely, leading him into a moderate room.<br />
<br />
画家开口就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "How much does this room cost for one day?"<br />
<br />
服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
<br />
The staff said, "Two yuan and a half."<br />
<br />
“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
<br />
"Is there any room cheaper?"<br />
<br />
“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"There is one for seventy dimes a day."<br />
<br />
“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"Good! I’ll check in this room."<br />
<br />
他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下一步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
<br />
He was used to being careful with his money. When he left Changchun, he borrowed a limited amount of money from his unit. He spent a large part of it in the road, and the next economic source was still unknown... The painter plunged into the thick of life and everyone lived well, but he was willing to live in the bottom.<br />
<br />
幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
<br />
Fortunately, Fei Zheng supported him again, sending him 300 yuan from Hebei. This was three-quarters of Fei Zheng's demobilization fee. This timely and generous support gave Yuan Yunsheng the courage to move forward.<br />
<br />
云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
<br />
The Yunnan People's Publishing House assigned a young editor to accompany Yuan Yunsheng to paint. When the Dai boy came to meet him at the hostel, the painter took out everything he had brought from Changchun.<br />
<br />
好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有140多斤重。小伙子看了直抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
<br />
My goodness! The big wooden box contained 18 pieces of plywood, several big bundles of manuscript paper, and a backpack as big as a sack, which was stuffed with pigments, painting tools and daily necessities... They weighed more than 140 pounds altogether. The young man scratched the back of his head after looking at them. He couldn’t imagine how the painter carried them off the train and took them into the dense forests of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out a shoulder pole, smiling at the young man.<br />
<br />
瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
<br />
Look how proud he was, as if he wanted to take the natural scenery of Xishuangbanna into his bag. A few days later, he picked this bent shoulder pole, into the lush subtropical jungle...<br />
<br />
奏鸣曲<br />
<br />
Sonata<br />
<br />
瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
<br />
Look, that was the big banyan tree! Its crown was like clouds that could shelter against the sun, as a solemn and benevolent old grandmother.<br />
<br />
呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
<br />
Ah, that was the areca nut tree, straight and tall, and the local young men and women used it to symbolize everlasting love.<br />
<br />
那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝一样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
<br />
That was the sandalwood tree, whose branches and leaves were as thin as hair. It looked so dashing, like a poet reciting poetry with his hair hanging down.<br />
<br />
就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
<br />
Even the bamboo forest here was different. It was luxuriant and verdant, growing in clusters, like a peacock showing its tail.<br />
<br />
西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在一棵树前,一画就是一整天。<br />
<br />
The plants in Xishuangbanna were the most beautiful! The abundant sunshine and humid climate gave the plant population a particularly rich, dense, and graceful image. The world here was unparalleled, and was looked full of beautiful things. The painter had to suppress his excitement, to gather his feelings and to retain his feelings more precisely in a slower way. He stood in front of a tree and painte all day.<br />
<br />
“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
<br />
"Hey, what kind of tree is that?" The painter asked his fellow editor.<br />
<br />
“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
<br />
"It's called the pattra-leaf tree." The young man enthusiastically introduced, "The Dai people use its leaves instead of paper, and many ancient folklores are recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra."<br />
<br />
袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。每一笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理睬......<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng spread out the paper and painted the unique canopies of the pattra-leaf tree, which were in order, as if the tree wore an armor made of metal chains. Each brush stroke played its role, showing the vitality of green life in layers on the paper. The tropical sun was shooting flames above the painter's head, and it was very hot that beads of sweat oozed from his head. Swarms of insects flew out of the grass and could not be driven away. His legs were red and felt itchy from being bitten. He shook his head helplessly and simply ignored them...<br />
<br />
中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来才深有感受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
<br />
At noon, the young man brought two glutinous rice cakes and thrust them into the painter's hand: "I deeply feel that painting is really a hard job when I come out with you."<br />
<br />
画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在一起的......”<br />
<br />
The painter said with a smile, "Beauty and bitter are always linked together..."<br />
<br />
他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
<br />
They had been staying in a Dai family's bamboo hut. The painter got to know the customs of this warm and kind ethnic group from the perspective of daily life.<br />
<br />
每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
<br />
Every day after dinner, the painter came out of the bamboo hut and went to the forest glade. This was the most charming moment in Xishuangbanna. The sunset glow tinted the village, the treetops, and the water of Lancang River red. A group of Dai girls came slowly, carrying small spinning wheels on their shoulders, small lanterns in their hands, and their tight and floor-length dresses swaying with the wind. They were so slender, so light on their feet, and so graceful, as if a group of beautiful fairies had descended from the sky.<br />
<br />
“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露一截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后一盘,自然地溜向一边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
<br />
"So beautiful!" The painter expressed his feeling to the companion, "Look, those girls' girdles, golden and silver, are like exquisite crafts. But I will never paint their girdles, which will separate the body and destroy the integrity of it. I prefer their natural dressing. See, those girls' dressing is very natural. Their jackets are short, their skirts are long, and a part of the waist is exposed between the jacket and the skirt, which is a high level of aesthetic point of view, making them look slim and tall, pavilion... And look at their hairstyle, tying the hair into a bun, which is naturally slipped to one side. It has got a real Tang style! This ethnic group is amazing. They know best the beauty of details..."<br />
<br />
少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来一阵阵悠扬的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
<br />
The girls dispersed to all corners of the forest glade. Small groups of boys came out of nowhere, and gathered around the girls, talking and laughing. Through the twilight, an orange lantern was lit, and there came the sound of spinning wheels. Dai women had known since childhood not to rely on their parents but to rely on hard-working hands to prepare their own dowry. They were weaving happy love.<br />
<br />
诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就在苦苦思索一个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
<br />
The poetic atmosphere of the southern border was knocking on the window of the artist's inspiration. Whenever such a moment came, Yuan Yunsheng was thinking hard about a question: What was the master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
<br />
Was beauty in your colorful appearance and jewelry with pearls and jades? Painted your face, but could not paint your unique charm; collapsed at your feet, only acting as a servant of the naturalism.<br />
<br />
面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我感受却不尽相同。一百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,一百种不同的表现方法。<br />
<br />
Faced with the same object, the images on different painters’ retinas were the same; however, their own feelings were not the same. A hundred painters could have a hundred different answers, and a hundred different methods of expression.<br />
<br />
艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。 <br />
<br />
Art was valued for having a "self". He was looking for “his” own Xishuangbanna.<br />
<br />
从夏末到中秋,他在一串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勐定的一个偏僻的小村寨。<br />
<br />
From late summer to mid-autumn, he left his footprints in a string of pearl-like place names, and then came to a small remote village in Mengding.<br />
<br />
这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本寨的荣耀。<br />
<br />
The painter's visit caused a sensation in the small cottage, where apparently few guests had visited. During the evening meeting, the whole village cast warm and curious glances at him with laughter and noise, as if his arrival was an honor for the village.<br />
<br />
同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无力同病魔斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是“鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者一商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
<br />
The fellow editor told him that the village was called "Ghost Village". Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Dai people could not fight against illnesses. If someone was ill, it was said that he was possessed by a "ghost". When someone in the same village was pointed out to be the incarnation of the "ghost", several "respected" elders would immediately drive him out after discussion. Over time, those who were driven out formed a village, gathering a group of people who were discriminated against.<br />
<br />
“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的一瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
<br />
The sufferings of the people in the "ghost village" drew the deep sympathy of the painter. The painter cast a friendly glance at them and found that the people here had beautiful looks. If the Dai ethnic group was a beautiful ethnic group, this village was the essence of beauty. The girls like flowers, the charming women, the sturdy young men, all of whom were happy to accept the painter's request to make a sketch of themselves. Later, they simply came to the painter's home and stood in front of him with good grace, hoping to attract his attention. The painter was so busy that he waved his hand without a break. They loved beauty by nature and were proud of it.<br />
<br />
小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在一起进餐,然后由男方挑着担子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像一泓溪水那样清澈。<br />
<br />
Life in the small village was calm and quiet. The painter lived for many days and he didn't hear of any family quarrel. Men and women were financially independent of each other, and earned income, daily necessities, and working tools were clearly divided. When there were rifts in a family, the woman usually proposed to move away. The whole family sat quietly together for a meal before her departure, and then the man carried the pole to see her off. They treated each other with respect. The old and young were in harmony with each other. The young generation respected the elders and served them with courtesy; the elders took care of the younger generation, but never rigidly restrain them... What a simple relationship between them! It was not polluted by the secular society, as clear as a stream.<br />
<br />
一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
<br />
After a day’s work, the young men and women danced the Elach on the green grass. Joyful drumbeats and the crisp sound of gongs created a distinctive rhythm. The girls formed a queue, stepping gracefully and stretching their soft arms. They had reserved and self-respecting looks with a solemn yearning in the haze. What were they yearning for?<br />
<br />
这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在古老的贝叶经里的传说——从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑娘们生出一计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头一沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
<br />
This was a common dance in the Water-Sprinkling Festival. The Dai editor who accompanied the painter told the painter a legend recorded in the ancient the Pattra-leaf Sutra--once upon a time there was an ugly demon Lord who wanted to take the beautiful girls from each village for himself. He plundered six girls and wanted to take the seventh one, which was hated by the Dai people. The girls came up with a plan to get him drunk and asked him, "What are you most afraid of?" The devil said that he was afraid of nothing. He could only be strangled with his hair, but he could be reborn when his head touched the ground... The girls strangled his head while he was drunk. In order to keep his head from touching the ground, the girls took turns to hold his head in their hands. The annual Water-Sprinkling Festival was to celebrate the people's victory over devilry and to wash away the dirty stains left behind by the demon Lord, so that the spring of freedom and happiness was always in the hearts of the Dai people...<br />
<br />
晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
<br />
At night, the painter returned to the bamboo hut. The moonlight was bright and the shadow of trees was dancing, like flowing mercury pouring in front of the door. On this silent night, he could not sleep for a long time.<br />
<br />
广为流传的神话传说,往往是一个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑海里汇集,逐渐熔化为一团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西双版纳。这是一个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条——单纯与丰富高度和谐地统一!<br />
<br />
Widespread myths and legends were often the windows to the mind of an ethnic group. The story about the origin of the Water-Sprinkling Festival deepened the painter's understanding of this ethnic group who loved beauty. Since he set foot on the land of Xishuangbanna, the mountains, rivers, forests, people and landscapes he saw were like countless colorful light spots, whirling and flickering, gathering in his mind, and gradually melting into a bright flame, which rose from the canopy of thinking. Oh! The master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna, wasn’t the spiritual power of the Dai people to worship a better future and great love? Their hearts were so clean that they always kept their ethnic group’s nature of purity. So, the colorful and vibrant plants, and the natural and simple Dai women with their unique beauty constituted the painter’s general image of Xishuangbanna: "my" own Xishuangbanna. This was a world of lines, soft and elastic lines, unrestrained and smooth lines, upright and beautiful lines, and also tangled and slow lines like gossamers--simplicity and richness were highly harmonious!<br />
<br />
他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的一组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
<br />
He waved lines and made hundreds of line-drawing paintings. If the heavy color painting was compared to the symphony, the line drawing was the solo of lines. Yuan Yunsheng's artistic style, which was formed through years of honing, showed a fantastic charm in the solo of lines. It was a set of passionate sonatas that he dedicated to the Dai people with sincere feelings.<br />
<br />
昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
<br />
Kunming held an exhibition for Yuan Yunsheng. His paintings were delivered to the Yunnan People's Publishing House for selection and editing. The foreword written for him by the editor Liu Shaohui began with a few lines from the Dai folk narrative poem ''The Gourd Letter''.<br />
<br />
公主啊!<br />
<br />
O Princess!<br />
<br />
你是一颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
<br />
You are a brilliant jewel,<br />
<br />
但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
<br />
I wish I were a silversmith,<br />
<br />
把宝石镶在我的心上......<br />
<br />
Setting the jewel in my heart...<br />
<br />
他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
<br />
He praised Yuan Yunsheng for setting the "jewel" of Xishuangbanna in his heart.<br />
<br />
二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
<br />
For more than twenty years, it was the first time Yuan Yunsheng heard an affirmation of his art.<br />
<br />
袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
<br />
During his stay in Yunnan, Yuan Yunsheng constantly received letters from his wife, who told him they were safe.<br />
<br />
兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
<br />
What Lanying said in the letter made the painter felt like drinking a glass of sweet spring water, cool and delicious, soothing and cheerful when he read each letter. At the end of his wife's letters, there were always these lines: "Don't worry about the family. Paint your paintings, and if you can't finish them, you don't have to hurry back..."<br />
<br />
画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
<br />
The painter smiled with relief. During his busy days in Xishuangbanna, his main worry was "the fire in the backyard", but his wife's letter lifted his worries.<br />
<br />
其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
<br />
In fact, it was an eventful year. A wind of earthquakes blew in Changchun, and the whole city was in a panic. People were busy building quake-proof shelters, moving things, and transferring to shelters.<br />
<br />
画家在长春的一个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁愕然了。<br />
<br />
A friend of the painter in Changchun, thinking of the painter's wife and children, rushed to their home to visit. He was stunned.<br />
<br />
这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出一个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗震棚挪动着……<br />
<br />
The humble room was as it had been, and the furniture and sundries were not organized. The children were playing with their heads down. Lanying, bending over and sweating, dragged out a heavy wooden box full of the painter's paintings from the house, and moved it to the nearby quake-proof shelter...<br />
<br />
显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
<br />
Obviously, this was the most precious thing in the heart of the painter's wife. She knew the painter's hardship best, understanding the value of art from the hardships of it.<br />
<br />
朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道。<br />
<br />
The friend's heart trembled with excitement. Lanying still did not tell her husband about this. If his friend had not later recounted the scene he saw, he would never have known.<br />
<br />
壁画之梦 <br />
<br />
The Dream of Murals<br />
<br />
不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。 <br />
<br />
At some point, through the glass window covered with ice flowers, a hazy blue light came in, like a fairy stretching out her white arms and lifting the veil as soft as a dream.<br />
<br />
屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀一样扑朔不定。 <br />
<br />
The room seemed bright and dim, with faint yellow glow of the electric light and murky air around, and the glow fluttered in a haze of smoke like wings.<br />
<br />
他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。 <br />
<br />
He wagged his head vigorously, and rubbed his eyes. The paintings on the table turned into a white mist, rising and spreading. Everything was blurred.<br />
<br />
他搞不清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里…… <br />
<br />
He didn’t know whether he was awake at the moment, or vaguely in a dream...<br />
<br />
昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。一抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从梦境回到了现实的世界。 <br />
<br />
Last night he slept too late and smoked too much. Or rather, he didn't sleep, just lying next to the messy paintings and ashtray full of cigarette butts on the table for a while. When he looked up, it was dawn. The first ray of morning sunlight caressed the buildings in the suburbs of Beijing. He pushed the window open, and let the cold morning breeze chase away the fatigue of the night. He went back from the dream to the real world.<br />
<br />
这是1979年1月,在北京白家庄。 <br />
<br />
It was January 1979, in Baijiazhuang, Beijing.<br />
<br />
袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和工艺美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得到了推荐,也在被邀请之列。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing on his way home from a six-month-long trip to Yunnan. A great joy forced him to stay in Beijing. At that time, the new terminal building of Capital Airport was like a magnificent crystal palace going up in the eastern suburbs of Beijing, equipped with the world's most advanced technology. The spacious and comfortable departure lounges and restaurants, automatic doors, baggage carousels, weight scales with electronic digital display, special quartz clocks made by Seikosha, high-efficiency indoor air conditioning devices, precise navigation and communication systems... They constituted the magnificent air gateway of the capital, whose degree of modernization was unparalleled in China. In today's world, modern architectural design was integrated with exquisite art decoration, and the ancient mural art was revived, accommodating with the development of construction industry based on new industrial technology. People in charge of the capital airport were managers of the new enterprise indeed. They invited more than fifty excellent artists as well as arts and crafts workers, led by Zhang Ding, the dean of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, to create a large modern murals for the terminal building. Yuan Yunsheng, who had been silent for more than two decades, was lucky enough to be recommended and was among the invitees.<br />
<br />
随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使一些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单一些,拿他的话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。” <br />
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With the opening of a crack in the window of ideological liberation in early 1979, the close relationship between literature and art and politics, which was very hot, was gradually adjusted over the years, making some artists calm down. They reconsidered the old and difficult proposition of the relationship between literature and art and politics, and denied the claim that literature and art was subordinate to politics. Their intentions were kind and peaceful, unwilling to use the arrow of art to touch sensitive political issues to avoid being blamed for something other than art; at the same time, they hoped to escape from the influence of the wind change and maintain the relative stability of the range of art, without rising or falling like a floating feather. But Yuan Yunsheng thought more simply, in his words, "Art is art, which needs to be sincere."<br />
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袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节——生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻辑和客观条件应运而生的。 <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng's large mural design ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', was born based on this simple logic and objective conditions.<br />
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候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的一块地方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴的哲理。他决定抦弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。” <br />
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A large wall of the passenger’s dining room in the terminal, together with a corner, was given to him. What a big space! He stood before the white wall, astonished and delighted, wanting to pour out all the words in the heart to this wall. Artistic creation always spared no effort without reservation to present the most beautiful part of the artist's feelings of the mind. For more than twenty years, the language of art and life he had accumulated resounded in his heart like a surging river, and the unforgettable impression he had from his trip to Xishuangbanna was the climax of the good things and the leaping wave of his whole life experience. At that time, the only subject he thought of was the Water-Splashing Festival. The myths and legends he heard, recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra condensed the emotions like flames, the free imagination and the clear and pure philosophy of the tropical ethnic group. He decided to abandon the conception of genre and narrative paintings and used the lines he had practiced over the years to express the people's desire for a future of freedom and happiness. He said, “It is a pleasant surprise for me to paint a mural praising the spirit and sentiment of the Dai people on a huge wall with 27 meters wide and 3.4 meters high."<br />
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主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知命运如何? <br />
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Artists who advocated art for the sake of politics could also attribute this subject to politics. However, this idea, after all, left the specific political context and contained the deeper and more distant time and space as well as timeless themes. If it was in the past, such an artistic conception would have been intervened by politics and would have been accused of rebelling against orthodoxy. What was his fate this time?<br />
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袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境…… <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng's brother, Yuan Yunfu, gave him a room in his apartment in Baijiazhuang, which was both a bedroom and a studio. However, the small bed was rarely used. He spread out his sketch and entered a dream, a dream of flowing lines and beautiful colors...<br />
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在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统一。那座大门却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门搏斗,一支接一支地吸烟,一张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。 <br />
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In the dream of art, there were also untold troubles. Apart from anything else, the door in the wall of the dining room was annoying. Originally, the artistic language of mural should be harmonized with the artistic language of architecture. The door, however, divided the wall and become an obstacle to the artistic conception. He spent the whole night fighting with the annoying door, smoking one cigarette after another, and drawing one sketch after another. His brother lived in the room opposite to his room, who could see the light coming from the crack of the door all night long, and the smell of smoke wafted up. And his energy, effort and life were consumed in the light blue smoke. The next day when the door was opened, his face was pale.<br />
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“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。 <br />
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"How can your body stand it!" Yuan Yunfu said.<br />
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“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……” <br />
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"It's doesn't matter." He smiled faintly, "I get used to it..."<br />
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在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出一股韧性。为了重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟此时的心情。 <br />
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In the eyes of the elder brother, his younger brother was a completely different people than before. On the night more than twenty years ago, when Yuan Yunsheng told his brother that he was classified as a "rightist” in the same room, his round face was full of innocence, as if he was telling a light anecdote. Now, that face had experienced the hardships and troubles of life, stumbling on the rugged road, and had become angular with a stern look, revealing a resilience. In order to regain this opportunity to create in Beijing, what a price he had to pay! Yuan Yunfu understood his brother's feelings at this time.<br />
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整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法——“拱桥的两头很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》） <br />
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All day long, Yuan Yunsheng locked himself in his room and had a dream of mural. He was inspired by the familar principle of the arch bridge in the suburbs of Suzhou, and found a way to cross the gate -- “The two ends of the arch bridge are very heavy, holding the towering and thin top. It is stable in mechanics, and how beautiful the curve like the rainbow is! The idea of constructing a rainbow of people with the activities of the Dai people is fascinating..." (quoted in ''Art Research'', Issue 1, 1980, Yuan Yunsheng: ''The Dream of Murals'')<br />
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实现这个迷人的想法,真是一项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每一个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了…… <br />
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It was a huge project to realize this fascinating idea. The splendid and colorful images of the Water-Splashing Festival came to his eyes: carrying water, sharing water, splashing water, dancing, boat racing, bathing at night, the quiet family life in the bamboo house of the Dai people and the young men and women who didn’t want to leave with each other in the jungle after dusk... Hundreds of characters appeared under his brush, and each of them was vivid and true. At the same time, it was decorative, exaggerated, personalized, and full of lyricism. The sketch was longer and longer, and the crowds like the rainbow were stretching out. The painter, who was immersed in the frenzy of his creation, seemed to be accompanied by music in his ears. He grasped the brush as if grasping the baton of the symphony orchestra, to express the shifts of melody and rhythm through the flowing lines, and the solemn, fervent and tenaciously upward theme song gradually rose up...<br />
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又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还有灯光。 <br />
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It was another early morning that Yuan Yunfu, who lived in the opposite room, woke up from his sleep and saw the light under the door of his brother’s room.<br />
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这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧…… <br />
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Yuan Yunfu was also very tired these days. He also participated in the creation of murals at the Capital Airport, painting the first draft of ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan''. If he was exploring the path of art with his experience and artistic accomplishment, his brother was sprinting with his life. Half a month passed, in fifteen days and nights, the light in the opposite room did not go out. What an amazing perseverance! Even the golden stone should cry for his sincerity of the art... <br />
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对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀! <br />
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A light blue smoke was coming from the opposite room with a heavy coughing sound, each hoarser than the last. However, he was still painting, and still smoking incessantly. The coughing sound could be heard without end, and it was heart-wrenching to hear it in the silence before dawn. He was destroying the foundation of his health to build a spiritual building, and the lines on the sketch were clearly the blood streak of life!<br />
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天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休息几天,回长春去过年吧。” <br />
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After dawn, Yuan Yunfu said to his brother, "You probably forget that the day after tomorrow is Lunar New Year's Eve. I advise you to take a few days off and go back to Changchun for the New Year."<br />
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袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用。第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制。” <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng shook his head, “I don’t have enough time. Although the second draft was drawn, but I haven’t had time to copy it."<br />
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“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。” <br />
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"You don’t care about your own body, but you have to think about Lanying.” His brother said. "You have been away from Changchun for more than six months. It is unreasonable for you not to go back for the Spring Festival."<br />
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提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能在家待几天?” <br />
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When it came to Lanying, Yuan Yunsheng was no longer obstinate. On New Year's Eve, he rushed back to Changchun. Lanying asked him, "How many days can you stay at home this time?"<br />
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画家说:“春节一过,还得讨论画稿。这一稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了。” <br />
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The painter said, "After the New Year, I still have to discuss the drafts. I have not made a copy of this one yet, so I brought it back home."<br />
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兰英叹了一口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……” <br />
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Lanying sighed, "So, even in the Spring Festival, you still can’t have a good rest..."<br />
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画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。” <br />
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The painter said, "It's not difficult to copy, but it takes time."<br />
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兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?” <br />
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Lanying thought about it, "Well, can I help you?"<br />
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画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。 <br />
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The painter looked at his wife with affection and nodded.<br />
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这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下一个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹…… <br />
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This was the first time that Lanying was directly involved in her husband's artistic creation. At night, they turned on the lamp, set up a glass plate, laid out a translucent copy paper, and copied the painting of the Water-Splashing Festival together. This work, which celebrated the Dai people, also left traces of a Han woman's feelings...<br />
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从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
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From the first to the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, they spent their time in this way. Lanying and the painter stayed up late together.<br />
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忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴云笼罩着...... <br />
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The busy painter did not even notice that Lanying's thin face was more withered, covered by the heavy cloud of illness...<br />
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牛皮纸 <br />
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Kraft Paper<br />
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春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。 <br />
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Just after the Spring Festival, Yuan Yunsheng returned to Beijing with the colored design.<br />
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绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
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Preparations for the mural painting were under way intensely. In order to get the best artistic effect, Capital Airport imported a batch of acrylic paints from Hong Kong. This was a new painting material popular in Europe, America and Japan in recent years. It had bright and soft color, strong covering power, and was suitable for multi-layered sfumato and foil, and maintained the stability of the color of the painting for a long time under various conditions of wetting, drying, hot and cold.<br />
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参加《泼水节——生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
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Lian Weiyun and Fei Zheng, two collaborators who participated in the painting of ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', also arrived in succession. They were both accomplished middle-aged artists. After looking Yuan Yunsheng's design, they were impressed by the charm of the combination of traditional techniques of Chinese painting and western modern art, and were interested in it and eager to have a try.<br />
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脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。 <br />
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The scaffolding was set up and the walls were covered with solid backing cloth. Everything was ready and it was early summer. One day in June, Lanying came to Beijing from Changchun.<br />
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兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的一次妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。 <br />
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This time, Lanying made a special trip to Beijing to see a doctor. In fact, her condition had already been discovered. In a gynecological examination before the Spring Festival, the doctor felt an obvious foreign body in the uterus. Because her husband was away and she needed to take care of the children, her illness had not been treated. Recently, due to the rapid aggravation of her condition, she had to go to a large hospital in Beijing for a diagnosis.<br />
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在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻待在一起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮工。 <br />
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While waiting to see a doctor, Lanying and her husband stayed in a newly built hotel for international flight crews at the Capital Airport. The room was small but comfortable with spring beds, a bathroom, and shutters in the ceiling also indicated that there was air-conditioning equipment. Since her marriage, Lanying had never lived in such a high-class accommodation with her husband. However, the time the couple spent together was still limited. Every day, when the first purple rays of the morning sun came in through the curtains, Yuan Yunsheng turned over and got up, hurriedly wipded the face. The sound of rushing away footsteps could be heard in the corridor. After a busy day, it was already late at night when he returned, covered in sweat and paint, like a house repairman who had just climbed down from the scaffolding.<br />
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好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是出乎意料的,几个月以前的一小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到癌——恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢? <br />
<br />
Finally, it was the day of diagnosis. When Lanying got the diagnosis, moving tired steps out of the hospital, she felt her body and mind sinking downward, as if sinking into a bottomless abyss. The rate of the development of the disease was unexpected, a small foreign body a few months ago had grown into a big lump. Lanying herself was a surgeon, with professional knowledge and clinical experience, who understood the seriousness in the rate of deterioration of the disease. She thought about cancer--malignant cells tended to cause malformed expansion, while benign tumors were relatively steady; if it was not cancer, it was just a fluke. She walked slowly, and her mind was empty, the grey mist floating and sparks of consciousness flickering on and off. She felt painfully, intuitively, that the defenses of her health had been destroyed by everyday’s pressure because of excessive worry and fatigue from chores over the years. Did her lover, her children and everything in the future still belong to her?<br />
<br />
她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了候机大楼,站在脚手架旁…… <br />
<br />
She went back to the airport. The painter could not be found at the accommodation during the day. She stepped across the long asphalt road, entered the terminal building, and stood by the scaffolding...<br />
<br />
大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着一场真正的建设——脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。 <br />
<br />
The lobby was spacious and solemn. The new glass windows reflected the blue sky, and the abundant light rushed in and then spread out, softly scattering on the four walls. Here, in the heat of June, there was a real construction going on--the huge structure of scaffolding climbing up to the roof; on the ground, brushes, palettes and paint buckets were piled up haphazardly, showing how busy the art site was.<br />
<br />
兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在…… <br />
<br />
Lanying looked up and found her husband's figure on the scaffolding. He bent over, holding a brush in his hand, sketching on the wall. His long black hair hang down from his forehead, swinging ceaselessly in the air with his body, as if a cellist holding the bowstring was absorbed in the enchanting music he was playing, and the world around him no longer existed...<br />
<br />
兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,一个艺术赤子的オ华、智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。 <br />
<br />
Lanying stood there dumbfounded. Here and now, perhaps only she could deeply understand her husband's state of mind. From the tiny world of that humble room in Changchun to this grand and spacious lobby, the talents, wisdom and suppressed ambition of a man who was loyal to art broke away from all fetters and poured out. He even wanted to put his hot life into the tip of the brush, pouring, splashing and melting into the picture in front of him.<br />
<br />
墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华! <br />
<br />
Various lines on the wall presented the dense jungle in Xishuangbanna, full of vitality. With the movement of the brush, like the process happened in color developer in the darkroom, the images of several Dai women gradually became clear. Their stretched waists, flexible arms, and action of strong inclination added the sense of motion of the scene of water splashing. Lanying seemed to hear the cheerful rhythm of the small gong and the exciting drumbeat of the elephant-foot drum. The hazy expressions in the women's faces had infinite yearnings. Thus, the dead wall became alive. It was the artist's passion for life was shining, the reproduction of a beautiful vision. The limited life of the artist was sublimated in the meaningful art!<br />
<br />
站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。 <br />
<br />
Standing behind the art stage to see the art was the easiest to touch off the aftertaste of life. <br />
<br />
兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得到了精神的补偿。 <br />
<br />
Lanying felt relaxed, and the heavy feeling like being clogged with lead when she left the hospital was alleviated. Art had already intruded into her destiny, turning her from an outsider into an insider. She got spiritual compensation from the breath of artistic creation.<br />
<br />
这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查有结果了吗?” <br />
<br />
At this time, the painter climbed down from the scaffolding, spotted his wife at a glance, and walked quickly towards her, "Did you get the result of the examination at the hospital?"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说......” <br />
<br />
Lanying said. "Go on with your work. I’ll talk to you when we came back..."<br />
<br />
妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。” <br />
<br />
The peaceful face of his wife reassured the painter. He said, "You should stay in your room and have a good rest."<br />
<br />
“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
<br />
"I'm not tired. Lanying smiled faintly and said with studied casualness, "What can I do for you?"<br />
<br />
Chapter Two<br />
<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对一对画稿上的人物动作。” <br />
<br />
The painter seriously considered for a moment: “Oh, I need you here. Please imitate and check the action of the characters on the sketch for our reference.” <br />
<br />
“好吧。”妻子应允了。 <br />
<br />
"All right." The wife agreed.<br />
<br />
兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容…… <br />
<br />
Lanying made various body movements on the painter’s instructions. Fortunately, she was an active member of the literary and artistic activities twenty years ago with a little dance skills, natural movements, and an ideal slender body. It consumed a lot of time, and the painter looked left and right, directing Lanying's posture while examining the characters on the sketch. For Lanying, who was ill, it was an excessive burden. But she maintained a dignified posture with great endurance, and a serene smile appeared on her pale and tired face...<br />
<br />
几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为一个外科医生,如果给自己开一张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的一桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カ一搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏在心底很久很久了。 <br />
<br />
A few days later, Lanying boarded the northbound train and left Beijing. Her husband went to the station to see her off. Until the moment before her departure, the wife did not tell her husband about her illness. Lanying repeatedly considered the gains and losses. As a surgeon, she would not have hesitated to write “hospitalize immediately and surgically remove" if she had given herself a treatment order. The key to the treating a relentless tumor, whether it was benign or malignant, was to treat it in time.But she thought of her husband, and a wonderful career beyond him. Once she was hospitalized for a major surgery, her husband would not hesitate to accompany her and serve her, because she had no other close relatives in this world. In that way, the painter's work would stop, or at least be influence. Her husband was struggling on the difficult road of art and could not be delayed. Lanying had to give up her treatment, even if it meant the hope of life, in exchange for the extension of the artistic life. This idea, from the day she fell in love with the painter, had been buried in her heart for a long, long time.<br />
<br />
一声长笛,列车开走了,载着一颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾霭中...... <br />
<br />
With a whistle, the train drove away, carrying the heart of an ordinary but great woman, and disappearing in the fog...<br />
<br />
袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,一株热带丛林特有的鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像是在为自己的青春而骄傲…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng and his collaborators worked hard and four months passed. The painting work was coming to an end. Turning a corner of the wall, a view of Xishuangbanna at dusk appeared. In the light blue glow, there was a Passionfora edulis unique to the tropical jungle. Its luxuriant branches and leaves were like a cluster of hydrangea, forming a beautiful screen. Dai girls Girls who took a bath at night, holding a clay pot, poured clear spring water on their body. They wore their long and undulating hair down to the ground, which seemed like the ripples of water flowing from high mountains. After the bath, the girls were combing their long hair with a tender smile on their face, as if they were proud of their youth...<br />
<br />
环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。 <br />
<br />
Surrounding the girl's bodies were a few flowing lines, which were the outline of the clothes that was sketched out in the draft. The painter was still uncertain how to handle them. In the process of painting, the onlookers who came and went through the lobby paid special attention to the girls taking baths at night on the wall, wanting to see whether they would be clothed or not.<br />
<br />
洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。“我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的一种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况他画的是神话传说而不是习俗…… <br />
<br />
It is a common knowledge in life that taking a bath (rather than splashing water) needs to take off clothes. In life, Dai women were more innocent. During the days in Xishuangbanna, the painter bathed many times with Dai men and women at the well and in the Lancang River. They were natural and graceful, treating nudity as a as a creation of nature, so they did not feel it was very mysterious. “I admit that I have more conservative thinking.” Yuan Yunsheng said sincerely, “Because of this, I am more respectful of them.” In the history of painting, the language of nudity was an artistic language with rich expressiveness. Represented by Venus in ancient Greece, it developed into an independent aesthetic category. Similarly, using the language of nudity to express the author's worship of women and the praise for life became necessary for this particular scene in the mural. Not to mention that he painted myths and legends rather than customs...<br />
<br />
看来,画家打错了主意? <br />
<br />
It seems that the painter got the wrong idea?<br />
<br />
在一些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和犯罪搅成一池浑水。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of some people, the style of nude was a “evil custom of barbarians” in the west! The richer the material life of the west was, the poorer the spiritual civilization was to the extent that the body was not covered by clothes. On the contrary, the great revolution of spiritual culture and the great retrogression of material production occurred at the same period in our country. In the past ten years, people’s vision had been highly purified. Chinese women did not even want to wear skirts, cheongsams, or tight-fitting shirts, and wrapped themselves up tightly so as not to show their changeable lines. By doing so, they would not stain the eyes of others and desecrate their bodies. However, treating aesthetics as the result of getting rid of evil concepts did not improve the morality of the society, but brought spiritual impoverishment and degradation. As a result, just like the pure springs turned into muddy currents, art and crime were mixed into a pool of muddy water.<br />
<br />
盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。 <br />
<br />
In the height of summer, when the scene of “bathing at night" stood out, although the images of these young girls were decorative, symbolic and simple, it still caused a stir.<br />
<br />
这并不显眼的一角却引来一批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
<br />
This inconspicuous corner attracted numerous viewers, including curious people, anxious people, passers-by and spectators. People were talking about it in different tones, surprised, harsh or vulgar...<br />
<br />
这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不韪了。如要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的一场争论。 <br />
<br />
It was the first time in years that a nude appeared on modern Chinese murals. The author did a wrong thing that was considered as a big one at the time. If he wanted to solve dispute, it was easy, lifting the brush, smearing a few strokes, and dressing the figures in blouses and skirts, which cost nothing. Then he and his whole family would be blessed and away from misfortune. But he was reluctant to do that. He thought of a controversy in history over the issue of nude art.<br />
<br />
六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的一班轻薄少年、无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军阀败北。 <br />
<br />
Sixty years ago, a group of courageous painters in Shanghai were reviled for using nudity in their teachings and creations. At that time, the newspapers published many critical articles, saying that the painter “offended public decency”, “wanted to make the women of the world into a shameless position" and “broke down the boundaries between Chinese men and women”... And at that time, a group of libertines and loafers in Shanghai took nude photos for sale, which provided handles to trolls. Until the warlord Sun Chuanfang was angered, the painter was wanted by telegram. The painter concentrated all his efforts on rising to the challenge without fear, and wrote articles saying that “Scoundrels made nude photos and obscene picture of prostitutes to attract others for profit, I am very sad... Why Private Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts is blamed? Why I am blamed?” "I advocated that ambition of art shouldn’t be takev away... Although I have to defy all difficulties and dangers, I will never refuse.” The struggle ended in victory for the painter and defeat for the warlord.<br />
<br />
历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的一桩旧案犹未了结。 <br />
<br />
History had gone by more than half a century. Times were different, but an old case in the art world was not settled yet.<br />
<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思想解放!” <br />
<br />
"What we encountered is no longer a body issue.” Yuan Yunsheng said to his companions, “It is related to the ideological liberation of the art world!"<br />
<br />
他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。 <br />
<br />
They insisted on making no changes. This detail in the murals was used as a stone of exploring and was thrown on the path of artistic spring presented in front of them after the smashing of the "Gang of Four".<br />
<br />
舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事…… <br />
<br />
After all, the pressure of public opinion was too great. In order to provide a peaceful environment for the painter to paint, the airport and the construction company were kind to cover up the doors and windows of the lobby while the painting work was still incomplete. Thus, the modernized doors were covered with thick kraft papers produced in the traditional way in China, and the murals painted in imported acrylic paints were hidden in a dull yellow glow of classical colors. The painter was at peace for the moment and went on with their unfinished work...<br />
<br />
不是结尾 <br />
<br />
Not the End<br />
<br />
10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动…… <br />
<br />
One day in late October, the autumn wind swirled yellow sand, sweeping above the streets of Beijing. Yuan Yunsheng walked down the street quickly, facing the wind, and his long and thick black hair fluttering in the wind...<br />
<br />
首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。 <br />
<br />
The painting work of murals at the Capital Airport had been completed. The artists and art workers, led by Zhang Ding, achieved great success. The papers and TV stations published and broadcasted murals with distinctive characteristics and modern style: ''Nezha Conquers the Dragon King'', ''Song of the Forest'', ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan'', ''The Spring of Science'' and ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life''... It was like a hot whirlwind in the art world and society, provoking intense reactions. Before the Fourth Congress of Chinese Writers and Artists, a group of celebrities from the circles of literature and art, theory, architecture, foreign trade and press and publication came to the Capital Airport to attend the unveiling ceremony and congratulate the artists.<br />
<br />
国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人一进入中国就有一个强烈的印象,这种艺术是一个国家国力的象征。” <br />
<br />
They acquired great recognition from foreigners. Foreign friends stood in the lobby of the terminal building, looking around the four walls with appreciative eyes and saying, "Beijing Airport will be famous all over the world for its murals.” ”It gives people a strong impression upon entering China that this art is a symbol of a country's national power."<br />
<br />
日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……” <br />
<br />
Hirayama Ikuo, a famous Japanese painter, also came to visit. He said that Chinese culture had two peaks in history: the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, and he believed that the third peak was coming. He said to Yuan Yunsheng with a smile, "After seeing your murals, I think Xishuangbanna is very beautiful. I really want to change the plan of this trip and go there..."<br />
<br />
这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰一样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔…… <br />
<br />
These days, Yunsheng was very busy. Meeting with foreign guests, accepting interviews and giving speeches on stage filled up his daily schedule. The lonely days were gone, followed by honors, applauses, and toasts, like stepping from the rugged mountain road to the peak full of flowers... He walked on the street, the wind and sand rushing toward him, and his lapel swaying in the wind. At this moment, contrary to the joy brought by the brilliant success, his face was strangely sad and sorrowful, frozen like ice, cold as a rock. It seemed to have infinite remorse in his indifference...<br />
<br />
呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化? <br />
<br />
Oh, what were you doing for? Were you still not satisfied? Or were you still worried about the change of political wind?<br />
<br />
不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着一个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作是坚定正确的表现。 <br />
<br />
No. He was not worried about that. He was confident. For more than twenty years, he had been tenacious exploring towards a set goal with the sincerity of art. He had never been discouraged in the face of any setbacks. He loved the art of the country, and was classified as a "rightist" because he disagreed with Soviet painting theory. But now people who took the same position were seen as having a solid and right performance.<br />
<br />
他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。 <br />
<br />
He loved the watery towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and took a hit for painting the beautiful scenes of the rural market. But now markets all over the country were more prosperous than they were then. Oh life, many things would be changed after thirty years! He no longer believed in temporary and hasty conclusions. His personality and the personality of his art had been strengthened by adversity, becoming independent of the conclusions.<br />
<br />
那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧? <br />
<br />
So, why were you sad? Why were you depressed?<br />
<br />
只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无望,只等待手术的判决…… <br />
<br />
Just because his wife, bosom friend, backer of his career and partner in distress, was lying sickly in the hospital. It was not until a few days earlier that he learned of the illness that Lanying had hidden from him. After four months of suffering from the disease, Lanying's health collapsed! When she left Changchun, her sick body wasted away, with weak spirit and pale and yellow face. Her female companions, who saw her off, could not see any color on her face, took it as their last farewell, breaking down in tears. At this moment, she lay quietly in a hospital in Beijing, and she seemed tired. Once the burden was lifted from her shoulders, she didn’t have words, complaints and hope, only waiting for the verdict of surgery...<br />
<br />
一个人站立起来了,另一个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南去的列车上一见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下一笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。 <br />
<br />
One people stood up, another fell down, and she fell down for him. Since they met on the southbound train, she made too many voluntary sacrifices. If the wife really could never stand up again, then what was the meaning of her husband's success today for her? She was a doctor, a good wife and mother, and a person dedicated to art. Her contributions could never be rewarded, and she could not leave a mark on any art classic, but only painful memories engraved in her husband's heart.<br />
<br />
画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼眶里滚动。 <br />
<br />
The painter ran down the street to the hospital, a storm stirring up in his heart. His eyes were wet, white tears rolling in his eyes.<br />
<br />
他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:一种是诚实的艺术家;另一种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。 <br />
<br />
He thought of the two kinds of people who were closest to art in the wide world. One was the honest artist; the other was the person who did not know art but was pure and simple, such as his lovely wife.<br />
<br />
他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少一些吗?<br />
<br />
They didn’t have other intention, just for art. To recognize their hard work was the minimum to tolerate the existence of art. But they suffered too much beyond art. Couldn’t they suffer less?<br />
<br />
他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。 <br />
<br />
He walked on the street in Beijing, his tearful eyes shining with anticipation.<br />
<br />
后记: <br />
<br />
Postscript:<br />
<br />
本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又过了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世事变迁未可尽述。 <br />
<br />
After this article was published, the heroine recovered after treatment. A few years later, the hero went to the U.S. alone. And many things had changed and it was impossible to mention them all.<br />
<br />
——作者 <br />
<br />
--Author<br />
<br />
（原载《十月》1980年6月） <br />
<br />
(Originally published in ''October'', June 1980)<br />
<br />
==卷一：10.热血男儿Hot-blooded Man==<br />
热血男儿 Hot-blooded Man<br />
<br />
李士非 Li Shifei<br />
<br />
满腔的热血已经沸腾。 <br />
<br />
The hot blood all over the body has been boiling.<br />
<br />
——《国际歌》 <br />
<br />
--''The Internationale'' (Chinese Version)<br />
<br />
一、能见到袁庚吗？ <br />
<br />
I. Can I See Yuan Geng?<br />
<br />
在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天，蛇口工业区和它的领导人袁庚，名扬国内外，越来越引人注目。 <br />
<br />
When the wave of reform is surging today, Shekou Industrial Zone and its leader, Yuan Geng, are becoming more and more famous at home and abroad.<br />
<br />
但是，我接受写袁庚的任务，未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他，手头也没有积累多少关于他的资料，而且听说采访他很困难：他是香港招商局常务副董事长（人们因此亲切地称他为袁董），大部分时间在香港，每到蛇口，都忙得不可开交，实在抽不出时间接受采访。 <br />
<br />
However, it was a bit risky for me to accept the task of writing about Yuan Geng. I had never met him and had not accumulated much information about him, and I heard that it was difficult to interview him: He was the executive vice chairman of China Merchants Hong Kong (so people affectionately called him Chairman Yuan). He spent most of the time in Hong Kong. Every time he came to Shekou, he was too busy and didn’t have time for interviews.<br />
<br />
但是，过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观，听过介绍，看过录像，袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣，接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口来，这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。 <br />
<br />
But after the past several times accompanying writers from other provinces to visit Shekou, listening to the introduction, and watching the video, Yuan Geng and Shekou aroused my strong interest. If I accepted the writing task, I could come to Shekou. The temptation was irresistible.<br />
<br />
”能见到袁庚吗？”“即使见不到袁庚也要写！”所谓“冒险”，无非是写不出或写不好，个人面子不好看罢了，比起袁庚和他的朋友们从事改革所冒的风险，简直是微不足道的。 <br />
<br />
"Can I meet Yuan Geng?" "Even if I can't see Yuan Geng, I’ll still write!" The so-called "risk" simply means that I couldn’t write or couldn’t write well, which would make me look bad. But compared to the risk taken by Yuan Geng and his friends in reform, it was simply insignificant.<br />
<br />
仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气，到这里待一些日子也是值得的。 <br />
<br />
It was worth staying here for a few days just to breathe the air of reform in Shekou.<br />
<br />
“如果你只能待很短的时间，我劝你趁早打退堂鼓，不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意，开弓没有回头箭，退堂鼓是不好打的。 <br />
<br />
"If you can only stay for a short time, I’d advise you to pull back sooner rather than later and don’t make the mistake of a screenwriter again." A kind friend advised me in this way. I appreciated his kindness. But there was no turning back of an arrow once it was shot. It was not easy to pull back.<br />
<br />
二、夜访梁宪 <br />
<br />
Ⅱ. Pay a Call on Liang Xian at Night<br />
<br />
在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口，袁庚出国去了，说是7月底或8月初才能回来。最了解他的一个人，东江纵队时期就和他一起工作，现任蛇口工业区顾问的许智明，到澳大利亚探亲去了，归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同，“时间就是金钱，效率就是生命”，白天工作紧张，找人谈话很难，晚上访问也要事先约定，因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰上袁庚的儿子袁中印，《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意，他马上说：“有什么好写的？这么多人写过了，要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受了乃父的影响，不大欢迎采访。”慢慢来吧，我一定要找你的。”我心里说。 <br />
<br />
It was not easy to interview in Shekou. When I arrived in Shekou in mid-July, Yuan Geng went abroad. I learned that he would be back by the end of July or early August. One of the people who knew him best, Xu Zhiming, who worked with him in the East River Column and was now the counselor of Shekou Industrial Zone, went to Australia to visit his family and his return date was still uncertain. The pace of work here was very different from that of the mainland, where "time is money and efficiency is life." There were many works by day, so it was difficult to find people to have a talk with. Visiting at night also had to be arranged in advance because many formal and informal meetings were held at night. One day I met Yuan Geng's son Yuan Zhongyin in the elevator of the office building. A reporter of ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'', Comrade Chen Yihao introduced my intention of coming here to him, he immediately said, "What is there to write? So many people have written about it. If you want to publish a book, you can collect them." I thought that he was influenced by his father, not very welcome interviews. “Take it a step at a time. I must find you." I said in my heart.<br />
<br />
多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙，约定了一天晚上9点钟去访问工业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人，穿过海滨花园，沐着海风，经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边，漫步走向梁宪的住处。早已听说，他1962年毕业于中山大学外语系，是梁宗岱教授的高足，对法国文学很有研究。果然，一见之下，我就感到他是一个充满艺术气质的人。 <br />
<br />
Thanks to the help of Comrade Huang Hongjian, a female writer and screenwriter of the Pearl River Film Studio who was the deputy director of the office here, we made an arrangement to visit Liang Xian, a member of the management committee of the Industrial Zone, at 9 o'clock one night. Huang Hongjian, Chen Yihao, and I walked through the seaside garden with the sea breeze, passed by Minghua ship of "Sea World” with brilliant light, and strolled towards Liang Xian's residence. I had already heard that he graduated from the Department of Foreign Languages of Sun Yat-sen University in 1962, who was a student of Professor Liang Zongdai and knew a lot about French literature. Sure enough, I felt that he was a man full of artistic temperament at first sight.<br />
<br />
他掏出港币，买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客，然后和我们谈笑风生。 <br />
<br />
He pulled out Hong Kong dollars and bought a few cans of iced Coca-Cola to entertain us, and then talked and laughed with us.<br />
<br />
“你们是文人，我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人，她在中央戏剧学院教书。我对她说：你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的，但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。中国像你们这样的文人太多，像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一句英语，“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙，黄虹坚一时也没反应过来，陈宜浩翻译说：”他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑起来。 <br />
<br />
"You are men of letters, and I’m a businessman. I gave up writing and engaged in business. My wife is also a man of letters, who teaches at the Central Academy of Drama. I said to her: Tang and Song poetry you talk about are very beautiful, but they can't solve the problem of the people's hunger. There are too many literati like you in China, and too few businessmen like me." He suddenly spoke an English sentence to Huang Hongjian, "I will change you into a business woman." I was baffled, and Huang Hongjian didn't understand at the moment, and Chen Yihao translated, "He said he would change you into a business woman.” We all laughed happily.<br />
<br />
梁宪大学毕业的时候，老百姓正在饿肚子，大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法国文学的尖子，后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作，比袁庚晚半年多一点。袁庚很器重他，有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。 <br />
<br />
When Liang Xian graduated from university, people were starving, and probably no unit needed a top student who studied French literature. Then he went to the Ministry of Communications. He was sent to work for the China Merchants Hong Kong in July 1979, more than half a year later than Yuan Geng. Yuan Geng thought highly of him, and some people said that he was Yuan Geng's "think-tank man".<br />
<br />
“我去香港的时候，老婆说：最怕你没骨气，没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是有的，外派干部只要有一点热血，就不是追求几大件，而是感到抬不起头来！ <br />
<br />
"When I went to Hong Kong, my wife said: What I fear the most is that you don’t have the backbone. If you don’t have it, let’s get divorced sooner rather than later. Of course I have it. As long as dispatched cadres have a little passion, they would not pursue some popular household items, but feel embarrassed to keep the head up!”<br />
<br />
“刚到香港，每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐，一串串的，海上漂着偷渡者的尸体，我们不能忍受，啪一声把电视关了。 <br />
<br />
“When I just arrived in Hong Kong, I watched TV every day to see young stowaways in chains of handcuffs, and dead bodies of stowaways floating in the sea. We could not bear it and snapped the TV off.”<br />
<br />
“我们国内建设搞不好，连一些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们，心里真难受呀。所以，我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过：‘我之所以这么干，是为了实现我入党时的初衷。’” <br />
<br />
“When we didn’t do well in nation-building, even some children of dispatched cadres who grew up in Hong Kong also looked down on us. It hurted a lot. So I understand Yuan Geng's mood for engaging in reform. He said, 'I did it because I wanted to realize the original intention when I joined the CPC.'"<br />
<br />
一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿，梁宪又概括地说： <br />
<br />
His words made my heart heavy. After a pause, Liang Xian said in a nutshell:<br />
<br />
“我熟悉的人当中，有两个热血男儿，一个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛，一个就是袁庚！” <br />
<br />
“There are two hot-blooded men in people who I am familiar with. One is my wife’s godfather Liu Rentao, and the other is Yuan Geng!"<br />
<br />
好一个“热血男儿”！这个词太恰当了，把这两个人相提并论太好了，我不禁怦然心动，觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。 <br />
<br />
What a "hot-blooded man"! This word was so appropriate. Comparing these two people was too good. I couldn’t help but feel excited that I thought I found the best way to Yuan Geng's inner world.<br />
<br />
也真巧，比我年长20岁的刘任涛，是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第一流的眼科专家，共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长，曾为刘伯承元帅安过义眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》，改行当了电影编剧，“文化大革命”中在珠影被诬为“历史反革命”，打断五根肋骨，投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动期间，他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明，不顾自己的政治处境，不顾没有任何医疗条件，决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他：“万一失败，你就是阶级报复，就会重进监狱。”他不听，他终于成功了。”作为医生，我拯救了我的灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀，立下遗嘱：死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
<br />
And coincidentally, Liu Rentao, who is 20 years older than me, is my admired elder and friend. This first-rate eye specialist in China was the director of the Shanghai Labor Hospital in the early days of the People’s Republic of China, and once installed a prosthetic eye for Marshal Liu Bocheng. Later, he became a movie scriptwriter after he wrote a movie script Dove of Peace. During the "Cultural Revolution", he was considered as a “pre-liberation counter-revolutionary" in the Pearl River Film Studio. His five ribs were broken and he was put into prison. When he labored under supervision at the "May 7 Cadre School" in Yingde, he saw a rural woman who was blind due to cataracts, and in spite of his political situation and the lack of any medical conditions, he decided to operate on the patient with a razor blade. A kind people advised him, “If you fail, it will be the class revenge and you’ll go back to prison." He didn't listen to it, and he finally succeeded." As a doctor, I saved my soul." Now he was over 70 years old, and he made a will: After his death, he would dedicate his eyes to the Eye Bank of Sun Yat-sen Medical College. Then he ran around and appealed for the restoration and establishment of schools for blind children...<br />
<br />
刘任涛和袁庚，经历和事业完全不同，但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身精神，是多么相似呵！我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚，觉得对袁庚也开始熟悉了。<br />
<br />
Liu Rentao and Yuan Geng had completely different experiences and careers, but they were patriotic and full of passion with the spirit of dedication. How similar they were! I imagined unfamiliar Yuan Geng from familiar Liu Rentao, thinking that I began to get familiar with Yuan Geng.<br />
<br />
三、“冒险家” <br />
<br />
Ⅲ. “Adventurer"<br />
<br />
刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障，要冒风险。袁庚在蛇口进行改革，要冒更大的风险：两年之前，不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影地攻击经济特区嘛！ <br />
<br />
Liu Rentao, as a target of dictatorship, it was risky to use a razor blade to cut cataracts for a poor rural woman. Yuan Geng had to take an even greater risk when he carried out a reform in Shekou: Two years ago, someone wrote an article in the newspaper to assail the Special Economic Zone by insinuation!<br />
<br />
但是，时代毕竟不同了，今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月9日，胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区，袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆，和总书记有一段精彩的对话。 <br />
<br />
But times were different after all. Today's reform was carried out under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee. On February 9, 1983, General Secretary Hu Yaobang visited Shekou Industrial Zone. Yuan Geng opened his mind to the General Secretary, having a good conversation with him.<br />
<br />
袁庚：关于改革问题，现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看，凡是搞改革的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法，最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪，改良主义，结果六君子被杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革，我想不会落得前人这样的下场，我们是在党的领导下进行的，不会有问题吧，我们值得冒这个险！ <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: For the issue of reform, we need to carry out comprehensive reform now. Historically, all those who engaged in reforms came to a bad end. Two thousand years ago, Shang Yang carried out reform and was finally put to death. Wang Anshi’s Reform did not end well either. Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao just advocated constitutional monarchy and practiced reformism, but they were all decapitated. Sun Yat-sen’s reform also failed. Now, I think our reform will not end up like the predecessors. We are under the leadership of the Party. There will be no problem, so we are worth the risk!<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：过去的改革是下层少数人去改，领导者、统治者是压制的。现在不同，我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改，现在和过去根本不同嘛！ <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: In the past, the reform was carried out by a few people at the lower level, while the leaders and rulers were repressive. Now is different. Our leaders are taking the lead to call and urge the subordinates to reform. The present is fundamentally different from the past!<br />
<br />
袁庚：我们感到，我们的干部是不大怕群众的，只怕顶头上司，怕上司不喜欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说，我每次来蛇口，一上码头，前呼后拥的，下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒，就会忘乎所以，久而久之，就不怕群众，不怕下级，因为群众、下级撤不了我的职，我只怕交通部，怕顶头上司，只有他们才能撤我的职。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: We feel that our cadres are not afraid of the masses, but only afraid of their superiors, afraid that their superiors do not like them and then they can’t be leaders. As a small leader, every time I came to Shekou, I walked on the pier with many subordinates crowding around, who feared that they didn’t attend me well. Sometimes I was not sober, I would get carried away, and over time, I am not afraid of the masses, and not afraid of subordinates, because the masses and subordinates can’t dismiss me from my post. I am only afraid of the Ministry of Communications, afraid of my immediate superior. Only they can dismiss me from my post.<br />
<br />
所以，群众监督干部，群众有权选举和罢免干部，这至关重要。我们这里想搞个改革试点，管委会由群众选举产生，每年投一次信任票，如果不信任票超过半数，管委会就得改选，个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公开的、直接的，由群众投票选举的领导班子，就会想群众之所想，急群众之所急，就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手，就有人自动送礼上门，如果头脑不清醒，不能自律，就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装懂，诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部，我相信可以改变一下干部的结构和干部的作风。我们想做这样一个不太小的改革，准备冒一点风险。 <br />
<br />
Therefore, it is crucial that the masses supervise cadres and have the right to elect and dismiss them. We want to carry out a pilot reform here. The management committee is elected by the masses, and a vote of confidence is held once a year. If more than half of the people cast votes of no confidence, the management committee will have to be re-elected. If a member got more than half of the votes of no confidence, he will have to step down. This open and direct leading group, elected following a ballot by the masses, will think what the masses think, worry what the masses worry, and will actually do something good for the masses. Because once some leaders have the power in hand, someone will automatically send gifts to them. If their minds are not sober, they can not be self-disciplined, and will get carried away. There are also some cadres who pretend to understand what they don’t know. If the masses have the right to elect and supervise cadres, I believe we can change the structure of cadres and the work style of cadres. We want to make such a not-so-small reform and are prepared to take some risks.<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：（点头）好！很好！ <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: (nodding) Good! Very good!<br />
<br />
袁庚：总书记说了好，我们就记录在案，马上打报告这样做。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng: Since General Secretary said good, we will record it, and immediately report and carry out it.<br />
<br />
胡耀邦：（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿，在哪一出戏里我忘记了，讽刺官僚主义者，他不敢骂台上的官，只敢骂戏台上堂前的鼓。有一段唱词说：”一棵大树腹中空，两头都是皮儿绷，每天上堂敲三下，卟咚卟咚又卟咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛！（全场大笑） <br />
<br />
Hu Yaobang: (happily standing up) We have a famous dramatist named Guan Hanqing in history. In which play I forget, satirizing bureaucrats, he did not dare to curse the leaders on the stage, only dare to curse the drums in the hall on the stage. There is a line in the librettos of the drama that says: "A big tree is hollow in the belly, whose both ends have tight leather. Every day knocked it three times in the hall. Pu dong, pu dong and pu dong (the sound of a drum beating)." That is “not understanding” (the pronunciation of it in Chinese is similar to “pu dong”)! (all of them laughing)<br />
<br />
党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印，想到一块去了，这在蛇口的发展史上，是应当大书特书的。 <br />
<br />
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPC and the Secretary of the Party Committee of Shekou Industrial Zone shared the same thought. It deserved to be written about in the history of Shekou's development.<br />
<br />
1983年4月24日，选举产生了蛇口工业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22日，按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票？ <br />
<br />
On April 24, 1983, a new management committee of Shekou Industrial Zone was elected. On April 22, 1984, a vote of confidence in the management committee was held as scheduled. Was it necessary to hold a vote of confidence?<br />
<br />
组干处处长虞德海说：“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的，信任票不足半数就得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决，一定要搞信任投票。”投票结果，管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数，袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上，全部投票公开，任人查阅，尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐，如“某某能力低”“某某不堪信任”之类，也不加掩饰。 <br />
<br />
Yu Dehai, the director of the Division of Organizing Cadres, said, "Even I was a little hesitant. Because the result of a vote of confidence is to be fulfilled. If a member got less than half of the votes of confidence, he will have to step down. I thought we might as well carry out public opinion polls. But Yuan Dong was very determined to hold a vote of confidence." The result was that the members of the management committee all got more than half of the votes of confidence, and Yuan Geng got the most. That night, all the votes were open for inspection. Although some of the criticism was very sharp, such as "so-and-so has the low ability”, "so-and-so is untrustworthy" and so on, they didn’t hide their real thoughts.<br />
<br />
这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。 <br />
<br />
This was the most important reform of all in the Shekou Industrial Zone.<br />
<br />
四、“那里不肯放，就辞职！” <br />
<br />
Ⅳ. "If They Refuse to Let You Go, You Quit!"<br />
<br />
选举产生领导班子，定期举行信任投票，这是袁庚深思熟虑的一项决定。 <br />
<br />
The leading group was elected and a vote of confidence was regularly held. It was decided after Yuan Geng’s careful consideration.<br />
<br />
他深深感到，不改革干部制度，不改变干部结构，任何改革都无从谈起，“四化”也只是一句空话。 <br />
<br />
He deeply felt that without reforming the cadre system and changing the structure of cadre, no reform could be done, and the "Four Modernizations" was just a hollow phrase.<br />
<br />
有的领导干部，居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人：“你们大学建多大的桥？”问来访的美国客人：“英国人讲英语，你们美国人讲什么语？”还有人向中央领导同志汇报他到香港考察的收获：“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯！”如此等等，令人啼笑皆非。这样的干部，怎能担当建设”四化”的重任！ <br />
<br />
Some leading cadres even asked the visitors from the University of Cambridge in England: “What size of the bridge does your university build?" and asked the visitors from America: "British speak English, and what language do you Americans speak?" Someone reported to the leading comrades of the Central Committee what he had learned from his visit to Hong Kong, “There is a sea change in my mind!" And so on. It was ridiculous. How could such cadres take on the heavy responsibility of building the "Four Modernizations"!<br />
<br />
蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地），指挥部只有二十多个干部的时候，袁庚就开始考虑如何培育一支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命化的干部队伍。1981年，他排除阻カ，毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班，从全国各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说，“我是个冒险家，为了蛇口的改革，我从全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。 <br />
<br />
When Shekou was still in the process of “five accesses and one leveling” (access to water, electricity, road, and natural gas, ventilation, and leveling the ground), and there were only twenty cadres in the headquarters, Yuan Geng began to consider how to cultivate a young, knowledgeable, professional and revolutionary cadres troop. In 1981, he removed the obstruction and decided to organize a training course for business management cadres, recruiting graduates who majored in science and engineering from all over the country. In his words, "I am an adventurer, and for the reform in Shekou, I gathered a group of small adventurers from all over the country".<br />
<br />
当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员，委托交通部下属的交通科学院情报所代为主持，在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。 <br />
<br />
At that time, Shekou Industrial Zone did not have the ability to send its own admissions officers, so it entrusted the Institute of Information of the Academy of Transportation Science under the Ministry of Communications to be in charge of the first exam in Wuhan. The first person to enter the examination room was Wang Chaoliang, an engineer of the Ship’s Hull Laboratory of the Yangtze River Shipping Scientific Research Institute under the Ministry of Communications.<br />
<br />
王潮梁1938年出生于江苏无锡，1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计专业。早在1958年，他就参考外国的资料，在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫原理，并和同学们一道造出了样品，在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是，在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年代，几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机工厂飞机设计室任产品主管设计员，那时生产要听驻厂军代表的，而军代表只相信苏联专家和苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料，翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂，即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂，也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚子气，却毫无办法。岁月如流，王潮梁搞了17年飞机设计，却看到我们的飞机工业比印度还落后；又研制了四年的飞翔船，却看不到一艘飞翔船下水，那种壮志难酬的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会，唯一的名额给了业务上根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培训班招生的广告时，他兴奋极了，“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方，去！”立刻把广告剪下来，郑重地贴在本子上。 <br />
<br />
Wang Chaoliang was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province in 1938, and graduated from the Department of Aircraft of Northwestern Polytechnic University with the major of aircraft design in 1960. As long ago as 1958, he was the first person in China to study the principle of air cushion of hydrofoils by referring to foreign materials, and built a sample together with his classmates, which was performed on the Weiming Lake of Peking University. At that time, the British were only half a year ahead of them in their research on hydrofoils. However, in this age when "steel-making" was more valued than scientific research, the research of these few young boys was doomed to failure. After graduation, he was assigned to the aircraft design office of an aircraft factory as a design supervisor. At that time, production had to follow the resident military representatives in the factory, who only trusted Soviet experts and Soviet drawings. For example, it was required to use Ural wood for a certain propeller, and Ukrainian sand for molding. Even if China had better wood and better sand, it was not allowed to change. Wang Chaoliang, who was the new kid on the block, was very angry, but he could do nothing. As the years passed quickly, Wang Chaoliang engaged in aircraft design for 17 years, but saw that our aircraft industry even lagged behind that of India; and he developed a hydrofoil for four years, but could not see a hydrofoil launched. The pain of being difficult to fulfill his aspirations tormented his ambitions. There was an opportunity for a study tour to the Federal Republic of Germany, and the only place was given to the daughter of a minister who was nothing compared to him in the business. When he saw a recruitment advertisement for a training course for business management cadres in Shekou Industrial Zone in the newspaper, he was excited, "Shekou is a place where you have to build a career by your own ability. Go!" He immediately cut out the advertisement and stuck it solemnly on the notebook.<br />
<br />
他第一个走进考场，第一个走出考场。笔试、面试，成绩优良。主持考试的情报所林鸿慈同志下了结论：这是个人才，录取！ <br />
<br />
He was the first to enter and the first to leave the examination room. He got good grades on written examination and oral examination. Comrade Lin Hongci of the Institute of Information, who was in charge of the examination, concluded: This is a talent. Accept!<br />
<br />
但是，在中国有一个很大的矛盾：生产资料是全民所有制，干部却是单位私有制。一个单位可以把一个或一批人才冷藏一辈子。 <br />
<br />
However, there was a big contradiction in China: The means of production were owned by the whole people, but the cadres were privately owned by units. A talent or a group of talents could be shelved by a unit for life.<br />
<br />
长江航运科研所不肯放人。 <br />
<br />
The Yangtze River Shipping Scientific Research Institute refused to let him go.<br />
<br />
1981年11月，袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他，向他汇报了招生的情况，特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。 <br />
<br />
In November 1981, Yuan Geng was hospitalized in Guangzhou. Lin Hongci visited him in the Eastern District of Guangdong Provincial Hospital and reported to him about the enrollment situation, especially about the problem of Wang Chaoliang.<br />
<br />
袁庚很激动。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng was very excited.<br />
<br />
“小王是不是党员？” <br />
<br />
"Is Wang a member of the CPC?"<br />
<br />
“不是。” <br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量，开个头，那里不肯放，就辞职！我这里收。最多就是人家去告状，最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先例。告到国务院，我们就把这个同志的情况报上去，中央领导会支持我们。新华社社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开‘干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人在单位不充分发挥作用，又不让调，这个局面不打开是不成的！” <br />
<br />
“It is less difficult to solve if he is not a member of the party. I don’t know if he has the guts to set a precedent. If they refuse to let you go, you quit! I’ll accept you. The most they can do is to complain to superior authorities, and finally to the State Council. I hope one or two comrades will set the precedent. If they complain to the State Council, we will report the situation of this comrade, and the leaders of the Central Committee will support us. Comrade Zeng Tao, the president of Xinhua News Agency, hoped that we could break the 'private ownership of cadres'. Now the problem of brain waste is too serious. People does not play a full role in the unit, and not allowed to transfer. This situation must be changed!"<br />
<br />
林鸿慈被袁庚打动了，写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁，同时通过各种渠道去做说服、疏通工作。终于，用不着王潮梁辞职，单位同意放人了。1982年，王潮梁来到蛇口工业区。 <br />
<br />
Lin Hongci was impressed by Yuan Geng, wrote a letter to tell Wang Chaoliang the content of this conversation, and persuaded Wang’s unit and reconciled the two sides through various channels. Finally, Wang Chaoliang didn’t need to resign, and the unit agreed to let him go. In 1982, Wang Chaoliang came to Shekou Industrial Zone.<br />
<br />
五、企业管理研究生 <br />
<br />
V. Graduate Student Majoring in Business Management<br />
<br />
1982年12月的一天晚上，一个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
<br />
One night in December 1982, a young man in his thirties arrived at Yuan Geng's home in Xiyuan, Beijing.<br />
<br />
这是一次事先约定的会见。 <br />
<br />
It was a pre-arranged meeting.<br />
<br />
年轻人叫余昌民，刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生，工作了八九年，深感中国企业管理的弊病太多，1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。 <br />
<br />
The young man named Yu Changmin, was one of the first group of graduate students in the Department of Business Management at Tsinghua University and just graduated. He was originally a graduate of the Department of Electrical Engineering at Tsinghua University, majoring in Automation. After working for about nine years, he felt that there were too many drawbacks in Chinese business management. In 1979, he returned to Tsinghua University to study for an MBA degree.<br />
<br />
1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年，专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息，《读卖新闻》为此发了专稿，登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了，干什么好呢？ <br />
<br />
In 1980, Yu Changmin went to Japan to study further for a year, specializing in Japanese business management. The Japanese took it as important information, and the ''Yomiuri Shimbun'' published a special article with his picture. Now that Yu Changmin had graduated, what job should he do?<br />
<br />
学校建议他到国家经委属下的中国企业研究协会去，这当然是个专业对口的美差，但是在武汉工作的爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候，蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。 <br />
<br />
The university suggested him to go to the Chinese Association for Enterprise Research under the Chinese National Economic Council, which was a good job in line with his specialty, but it was difficult for his lover who worked in Wuhan to transfer to Beijing. At this time, the wind of the reform in Shekou came to his ears.<br />
<br />
他每星期上街去买《深圳特区报》，得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝，如饥似渴地加以研究。不难判断，蛇口工业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去！决心下定了，系里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会，经朋友介绍，他就来登门拜访了。 <br />
<br />
He went out to buy the ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'' every week. When he got a copy of the earliest ''A Brief Introduction of Investment'', he regarded it as a treasure, and studied it hungrily. It was not difficult to judge that Shekou Industrial Zone was the ideal place to realize his aspirations. Go to Shekou! He made the decision and was supported by the department. Now Yuan Geng was in Beijing for a meeting, so he came to visit him by recommendation of a friend.<br />
<br />
会面的一瞬间，两个人互相观察了一下。 <br />
<br />
At the moment they met, the two men observed each other.<br />
<br />
“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗？穿件中式棉袄，和一般的老干部没啥差别，不是想象中的那个改革家的模样，而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真的值得？” <br />
<br />
"Is this the famous reformer Yuan Geng? Wearing a Chinese cotton jacket, he is no different from ordinary old cadres, not the reformer’s appearance I imagined. And I heard that he is poorly educated... Is it really worth it to work with him?"<br />
<br />
真正的一闪念，没容余昌民多想，袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
<br />
When this really sudden idea did not allow Yu Changmin to think more, Yuan Geng had already enthusiastically offered his seat and poured tea.<br />
<br />
谈话开门见山。 <br />
<br />
The conversation came straight to the point. <br />
<br />
“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里？” <br />
<br />
"What do you think is the fatal problem in China’s economy?"<br />
<br />
“在于体制。” <br />
<br />
"It lies in the system."<br />
<br />
“对了！”袁庚兴奋起来，侃侃而谈，”上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦，说他们要一千人，劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用，那七百是搭配的闲人，你再要，就再搭配，再多余，反正是大锅饭，大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了，还说这是社会主义的优越性！这样，工厂冗员越来越多，工厂成了小社会，在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的，形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ，败坏着我们的民族素质！这样的体制不改革，我们就没有出路！” <br />
<br />
"That's right!" Yuan Geng got excited, and spoke with fervor and assurance, "A director of a shipyard in Shanghai once complained to me, and said they wanted a thousand people, but they needed only three hundred people among the people the labor department allocated, and the other seven hundred people were ideal workers. If they asked for it again, they would be allocated again, then there were more redundant workers. They had to get equal pay anyway. They only needed to be paid in a muddle and said this was the superiority of socialism! In this way, there were more and more redundant workers in the factory. The factory became a small society, where the lazy workers exploited the hard-working workers, forming a terrible social habits force, which corrupted our national quality! If such a system is not reformed, we have no way out!"<br />
<br />
“我的一篇论文，提出了企业的素质问题。” <br />
<br />
"I have a paper that raises the issue of the quality of business."<br />
<br />
“有何高见？” <br />
<br />
"What’s your opinion?"<br />
<br />
“素质，好比基本作用，像女排，形成了她们的基本作风，就有战斗カ。” <br />
<br />
"Quality is like the basic role. For example, the women's volleyball team has formed their basic style, so they are effective.<br />
"<br />
“就把一个企业比作球队吧，假如你是教练，别人随便塞人给你，你怎么办？” <br />
<br />
"Let's compare an enterprise to a team. If you are the coach, what do you do when someone foists a player on you?"<br />
<br />
“我不要。” <br />
<br />
"I will not take it."<br />
<br />
“不要不行！” <br />
<br />
"No, you must take it!"<br />
<br />
“那我不干。” <br />
<br />
"I will disagree with it."<br />
<br />
“对了，就得这样。” <br />
<br />
"That's right. That's how it should be."<br />
<br />
一老一少，越谈越投机，彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处一闪而过的那点疑虑也完全打消了。 <br />
<br />
An old man and a young man, the more they talked, the happier they were, who both felt close to each other. The doubt that flashed through Yu Changmin’s deep heart was completely dispelled.<br />
<br />
“我们这里可要冒点风险。” <br />
<br />
"We have to take some risks here."<br />
<br />
“正因为这样オ要去，建设好了还去干什么？” <br />
<br />
"That's why I want to go there. If it has been built, why do I go there?"<br />
<br />
“你个人有什么要求？” <br />
<br />
"What are your personal requirements?"<br />
<br />
“只要求家属一起去。” <br />
<br />
"I only ask that my family can go with me."<br />
<br />
“这个我们来办。” <br />
<br />
"We will deal with that."<br />
<br />
两个月后，余昌民父亲去世，回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化，系里要留他。企业管理系刚刚建立，工作需要，理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚飞往蛇口，收不回来了。 <br />
<br />
Two months later, Yu Changmin's father died and he came home to the funeral. At this time the school's attitude changed and the department wanted to keep him. The Department of Business Administration had just been established and the work needed him. The reasons were good. But Yu Changmin's heart had already flown to Shekou with Yuan Geng and could not be retrieved.<br />
<br />
1983年3月，袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客，系里派余昌民随行。系领导的目的，是让校长对余昌民有个印象，说服他留下来，同时出面解决他家属的户ロ问题。 <br />
<br />
In March 1983, Yuan Geng invited Liu Da, the president of Tsinghua University, to Shekou, and the department sent Yu Changmin to accompany him. The purpose of the department leaders was to give the president an impression of Yu Changmin, persuade him to stay, and solve his family member’s problem of household registration.<br />
<br />
谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口，袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有，余昌民暗示要做刘达的工作。 <br />
<br />
But it backfired. Once Liu Da and his party arrived in Shekou, Yuan Geng asked Yu Changmin if the transfer had been finalized, and Yu Changmin hinted that he had to do something to persuade Liu Da.<br />
<br />
余昌民再一次请求：”校长，让我来蛇口吧。” <br />
<br />
Yu Changmin asked him again, “President, let me come to Shekou."<br />
<br />
“系里要我帮忙留你，我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。 <br />
<br />
"The department asked me to help to keep you, and I promised it." President Liu looked confused.<br />
<br />
袁庚一再要求支持：”刘达同志，把小余给我们吧，我们迫切需要企业管理的专门人才。” <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng repeatedly asked for support, "Comrade Liu Da, give us Yu. We urgently need a specialist in business management."<br />
<br />
刘达心动了。这位参加过“一二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
<br />
Liu Da was moved. The old comrade who participated in the “December 9th" Movement, was known for “covering up for intellectuals” as early as 1957 when he was the head of the Department of Forestry. He fully understood the need of Shekou and Yuan Geng and Yu Changmin's feelings. But he had to respect the department leaders and promised to solve the solution with the department when he went back.<br />
<br />
回去后，余昌民给系里写了报告，对系里的教育培养表示感谢，说明清华企业管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设，这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都至关重要。 <br />
<br />
When they went back, Yu Changmin wrote a report to the department, expressing his gratitude for the department's education and training, and explaining that the Department of Business Administration at Tsinghua University needed to agree its own graduates to participate in the construction of Shekou, which was crucial for the school’s research and information sources in the future.<br />
<br />
问题迎刃而解。7月，夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。 <br />
<br />
The problem was solved. In July, the procedures of the couple’s transfers were both completed.<br />
<br />
当余昌民到工业区大楼报到的时候，在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口，边走边说：”你是研究企业管理的，你先熟悉一下情况，有把握了再谈工作……” <br />
<br />
When Yu Changmin reported to the Industrial Zone building, he met Yuan Geng outside the building door. Yuan Geng affectionately took his hand and walked from the door to the elevator, saying, “You study the business management. You can familiarize yourself with the situation at first, and then talk about work when you get familiar with it."<br />
<br />
袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信，其中有一段话： <br />
<br />
Yuan Geng also wrote a letter of thanks to Liu Da, which included a paragraph:<br />
<br />
关于小余的事，同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失一小余，无妨大局，蛇口得之，如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下，工业区将受其惠。 <br />
<br />
On the matter about Yu, the comrades admire your selflessness so much. Losing Yu couldn’t affect the general situation for Tsinghua, but Sheko will be better after having him... Tsinghua has students all over the world, and the industrial zone will be benefited from it.<br />
<br />
重感情的刘达，把这封信送给了余昌民，让他留作永久的纪念。 <br />
<br />
Liu Da, who valued the relationship, gave this letter to Yu Changmin, letting him keep it as a permanent memorial.<br />
<br />
六、星期天的早晨 <br />
<br />
Ⅵ. Sunday Morning<br />
<br />
星期天早晨8点钟，顾立基刚起床，洗了脸，正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的，大家都熬了夜，现在让他们多睡一会儿吧。顾立基轻手轻脚，唯恐弄出一点声音来。 <br />
<br />
At 8 o'clock on Sunday morning, Gu Liji just got up, washed his face, and was cooking instant noodles. The other four students in the same room were still sleeping soundly. They could turn off the lights late on Saturday night, and everyone stayed up all night, so let them get more sleep now. Gu Liji was cautious, lest he made a little noise.<br />
<br />
“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗？” <br />
<br />
"Excuse me, does Comrade Gu Liji live here?"<br />
<br />
门外传来一个声音。顾立基一看，走廊上站着一个六十多岁的老人和一个姑娘。 <br />
<br />
A voice came from outside the door. Gu Liji saw an old man in his sixties and a girl standing in the corridor.<br />
<br />
“我就是顾立基，您是？” <br />
<br />
"I am Gu Liji, and may I know who you are?"<br />
<br />
“我是袁庚，蛇口的袁庚。”老人首先伸出手来，“这是我女儿尼亚，她不放心我的身体，一定要陪我来，其实我的身体还可以。你看，骑了半小时车子，轻松愉快。” <br />
<br />
"I'm Yuan Geng, Yuan Geng from Shekou." The old man first extended his hand, "This is my daughter Nia. She is worried about my health, and she must come with me. But I’m okay. You see, it’s easy and pleasant to ride the bike for half an hour.”<br />
<br />
顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 <br />
<br />
Gu Liji never dreamed that the famous Yuan Geng would come to the dormitory of Tsinghua University to see him.<br />
<br />
他深受感动。 <br />
<br />
He was deeply moved.<br />
<br />
“我们到楼下谈吧，同学们还在睡觉。” <br />
<br />
"Let's talk downstairs. The students are still sleeping."<br />
<br />
楼下有一张靠背长椅，三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨，不冷不热，阳光和煦，轻风拂面，校园一片宁静的气氛。 <br />
<br />
There was a bench downstairs, and the three of them sat down side by side. In the morning of May, it was not cold or hot, the sun was warm, with a refreshing breeze blowing, and the campus was in a peaceful atmosphere.<br />
<br />
“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会？” <br />
<br />
"I heard that you organized an association of enthusiasts of business management?"<br />
<br />
“是的，现在会员有一千多人了，成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。” <br />
<br />
"Yes. There are more than a thousand members now, and Liu Da and Yu Guangyuan both came to attend the founding meeting."<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长？” <br />
<br />
"I also heard that you want to be the factory director?"<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊，”顾立基笑了，“我是说过想当厂长，为此还惹过一些麻烦呢。” <br />
<br />
"You're well informed," Gu Liji laughed, "I did say that I wanted to be the factory director, and I got into some trouble for that."<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦？” <br />
<br />
"What kind of trouble?"<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。” <br />
<br />
"Someone said I was ambitious."<br />
<br />
“岂有此理！想当个厂长是什么野心！‘不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’，这是拿破仑说的还是谁说的？一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对！” <br />
<br />
"It is nonsense! What kind of ambition is it to want to be a factory director? 'A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier', was said by Napoleon or others? There's nothing wrong with a college student wanting to be a factory director!"<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的，但是我感到中国更需要管理人才，所以主动旁听了企业管理系研究生的全部课程。” <br />
<br />
"I majored in computer science, but I felt that China needed management talents more, so I actively sit in on all the courses that graduate students of the Department of Business Administration took as an observer".<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧，我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班，要培养大量的管理人才。” <br />
<br />
"Go to Shekou. We have a training course for business management cadres, and we have to train a large number of management talents."<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像，我的心就动了，只是还没下定决心。” <br />
<br />
"When I saw a video about Shekou last November, my heart moved, but I just hadn’t made up my mind yet."<br />
<br />
“现在呢？” <br />
<br />
"And now?"<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了，去蛇口。” <br />
<br />
"Now I've made up my mind to go to Shekou."<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗？” <br />
<br />
"Good! We welcome you! Do you have any difficulties?"<br />
<br />
有什么困难？1982年的初夏，社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的，有人在报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界，影射特区有变成租界的危险，造成一股无形的压力，因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些，可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的人在一起，冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去，下属工厂任他挑选，这些，对他有一定的吸引力。他自从1967年中学毕业，1968年进上海印染机械修配厂，十年中当过锅炉工、车工、錠工、钳工、电工，当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为，1974年顾立基和他们争吵过一次，挨了批斗，却受到工人们的同情，和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要毕业了，朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查，他是材料组的负责人，如果不来上大学，早就走上领导岗位了，现在回去，工作安排是不成问题的。但是，陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大，他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的是，母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房，姐妹们都在外地，母亲希望他留在身边，爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
What were the difficulties? In the early summer of 1982, there was still a lot of criticism in society about the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. Some people wrote articles in the newspapers about foreign settlements in old China, insinuating that the Special Economic Zone was in danger of becoming a foreign settlement, which created an invisible pressure, so some people said "the future of the Special Economic Zone is uncertain”. These could be disregarded. Gu Liji wanted to be with someone like Yuan Geng, and it was worth the risk. The company in Shanghai wanted him to go back, and the subordinate factories could be selected by him, which had a certain appeal to him. He graduated from high school in 1967, and joined the Shanghai Printing and Dyeing Machinery Repair Factory in 1968, and worked as a boilermaker, lathe worker, ladle man, bench worker, electrician, and full-time secretary of the Youth League general branch for ten years. Because he did not like the bad things done by the factory rebel group which was controlled by Wang Hongwen's little brothers, Gu Liji quarreled with them in 1974 and then was criticized, but was sympathized by the workers, who established a deep relationship with them. Now he was about to graduate from college, and his friends wanted him to go back. If he had not come to college, he would have taken a leading position. After the “Gang of Four" was smashed, the factory checked the people involved. He was the person in charge of the material group. If he didn’t go to university, he would have been a leader. If he went back now, the working arrangement was not a problem. However, the unfamiliar Shekou was more attractive to him than the familiar Shanghai, so he still wanted to choose Shekou. The trouble was that his mother and lover did not agree with him leaving Shanghai. Shanghai had spacious housing. His sisters were abroad, so his mother wanted him to stay around, not to mention his lover's attachment to Shanghai. This was also human nature.<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口,使他动了感情,他滔 滔不绝地发起议论来。<br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办ー个工业区 呢?为了在那块地方搞改革,搞全面的改革,从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度,都 要改,不改就没有出路。过去三十年,极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。 1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候,海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体,都是青年,他们为什 么要跑?因为我们穷!<br />
<br />
“’四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’,越搞跑的人越多。ー些村子的青壮年几乎跑 光了,真叫人欲哭无泪!蛇口对面就是香港的元朗,相隔只有6000米,晴天能看到 它的高楼,它就是在我们’十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了, 必须把经济搞上去,这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公 里,对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛,我们改革成功了,对全国就有很大 的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛,无伤大局。当然,我们一定要尽最大的 努力,争取成功,避免失败。我们这ー代人是老了,当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时 候,时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……”<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动,身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚,望 着自己的父亲,眼睛也有点热了……<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来,当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书,1984年4月被聘为 办公室主任。<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚,因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口,听说顾立基6日 ー早要去香港,5日晚我去登门拜访。<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告,我为 了听这个报告,推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的,谁都可以听,欢迎你去。”ー见面 顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗?”<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难,他在蛇口不会待太久,一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告, 你最好陪他回宿舍ーー他儿子的住处,或者宾馆,这样边走边谈,可以谈十来分 钟……”<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗?<br />
<br />
不管怎样,先听听他的报告再说吧。<br />
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8月6日下午7点半,袁庚的报告准时开始。<br />
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俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影,大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。 今天这个会也叫新闻发布会,街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂,基本上坐满 了,放眼望过去,都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。<br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上, 顾立基主持大会。<br />
<br />
ー开始,袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说:<br />
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“大家不要怕,只讲个把钟头。”<br />
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人们笑了,其实怕的是他讲得太短。<br />
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“这次出国访问,历时23天,访问了 4个国家、16个公司、18个城市,从新加坡 开始,往西到英国,再到美国、日本,整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处,受到隆重的、 破格的接待,我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们 四个人,而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化,在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到 做蛇口人的光荣。”<br />
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袁庚一向主张,出国访问要花自己的钱,花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、 软弱的地位。这次出访,他们带了 20万美金的信用卡,足够用了,所到之处都坚持 这个原则,唯独在新加坡失灵了。那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系,但新加 坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检,从飞机场ー直送到最高级的香格里拉大 酒店,袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前,这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫 人;在他之后,住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨）,每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观 什么项目,全部满足要求。临走结账时,酒店经理说:“在你们到来之前,已经有人 付了全部费用。”<br />
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他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁,英国老板们在海员罢エ浪潮的 冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们,给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深 刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说:“我们原打算3年之内种植 20万株月季,把蛇口建成玫瑰之城,现在看来太落后了……”<br />
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这次出访的重点是美国,主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。<br />
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在匹兹堡,大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。<br />
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在蒙特利尔,华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民,交给他一把金钥匙。女 市长在宴会上说:“我是百分之百的中国人,也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说:“我 很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判,就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过, “在经济问题上,兄弟无情,六亲不认!何况是与外国人谈判「’<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前,有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过 的曲折。<br />
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还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。<br />
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1984年3月22日,袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说:<br />
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“中央在3月10日下达了文件,大家听了很高兴,但我们不要高兴得过早。不 要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了,但官僚主义、 红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事,还是有的。例如我们正在谈判 的浮法玻璃厂,到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃,为什么不准我们用 最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ?最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局 交涉。她们去的时候,人家一口答应,讲你们回去好了,但等我们企业室派人带合 同去盖章的时候,又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干,他们讲:‘你们派了记 者、作家来,我敢不答应吗?弄得不好,你们要写报告文学,写内参,我受得了 吗,？……”<br />
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真是好事多磨,交涉了九个月,オ过了国内这ー关。<br />
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和美国人谈判,当然不可能用这么长的时间,但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想 而知的。<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂,简直是一座玻璃城!它生产各式各样 的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃,用25磅大锤从20米外打去,地皮都震动了,玻璃却安 然无恙。我们和美国合资,投资ー亿美元,引进一座同样的エ厂,买他的专利,以后 我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点,集中在每年所付专利费 占销售总额的百分比上。<br />
<br />
美方要6%,我们还价4% 〇<br />
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美方降到5%,我们加到4.5%。<br />
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寸利必争,形成僵局。<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。<br />
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“先生们,我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针,2000年前发明了火药,全人类 <br />
都在享受这些伟大的成果,可是他们从来没有要过什么专利,我们作为后代从来没 有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋,而是觉得光荣。请问各位,那时候你们的祖先在哪 里?恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前,是不是毛特别多……”<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前,一个个咧嘴笑了。<br />
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“不过各位不要害怕,我的意思不是不付专利费,而是要求公平合理r’<br />
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这是典型的袁庚风格,坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们,说不 定会抗议呢!“你骂我们的祖先,是可忍,孰不可忍ド’<br />
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终于达成协议:4.75%,为期!0年。<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进ー个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂,专利 费是5% ,时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说:<br />
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“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处,绝不能走 美国的路!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退,エ业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走,他们还 有点生气,现在停滞不前了。<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方,转移到太平洋 沿岸。<br />
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“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了,现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈,今天 下午四点半ー踏上蛇口码头,就感到无比的清新,感到ー草一木都非常亲切。<br />
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“10月1日,蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话,那是大家的 功劳！<br />
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“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的,思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上,我们ー定要 赶上和超过他们!”<br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时,宣布散会了,大家意犹未尽。<br />
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走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了,我放弃了跟上去的打算。<br />
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ハ、“搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
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8月7日,袁庚开了一整天会,据说8日也不会有空,而9日ー早又要回香港 了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上,我给他写了一封信,说明这一次 如果不能和他交谈,我将等待,直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨,我把这封信 交给了エ业区党委副书记乔胜利,请他转交。<br />
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8日上午,我到办公大楼访问王潮梁,两人刚坐下来,办公室副主任黄振超匆<br />
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匆忙忙地叫我:“袁董回来了,快去见他!”<br />
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我向王潮梁道了歉,说明另改时间,急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。<br />
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工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的,中间隔着大块的透明玻璃,老远就看 见了袁庚,他手里正拿着一大摞文件。<br />
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我和他握手的时候,黄振超在旁边向他说明:“只是见见面,不会占你很多 时间。”<br />
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袁庚却非常随便地笑着说:<br />
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“你是《花城》的?来搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
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一句玩笑话把距离缩短了,而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。我 知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。梁宪说过,前几年在北京开会,有一天袁庚 看了张洁的小说《爱,是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章,问他:“你认识这个作家 吗?咱们把她请到蛇口去!”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所 了解的,“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。<br />
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我也笑着说:<br />
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“我搞的是阳谋,要写你和蛇口。”<br />
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他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下,舒服地往藤椅上一靠,摆出了准备 谈ー阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好,这里问题多得 很,改革每前进ー步都要经过斗争,到处充满着矛盾。”<br />
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我说:“正是这一点吸引了我。”<br />
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“ー个国家没有民主是不行的,而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。 我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国,政治家演说,群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿 扔他,他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的,但这ー套对巩固资产阶级的统 治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底,孙中山是 想搞民主的,他死得太早,没搞成。中华民族是伟大的,但是历史的包袱太重了。”<br />
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半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说:<br />
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“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿,她在美国学企业管理,谈起来也说:在 美国深有感慨,感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重〇<br />
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“美国这个民族,就没有什么框框,我在报告会上也说了,他们的总督牌香烟广 告有一句口号是’想做就去做’,这句话香港也接受不了,译成’应做就去做’〇当 然,想干什么就干什么是不行的,但我们许多应干的事却干不成。”<br />
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接着我问了他的经历,他扼要地做了回答,着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命” 中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时,这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来,<br />
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微笑着站在那里不动,我知道是催他去开会,我们的谈话该结束了。<br />
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黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志,我们马上又赶到 太子宾馆,和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢,对监狱内外情形 都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说:<br />
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“许多人经过那样的折磨,出来就蔦儿了,可是他不,他的劲头反而更大了。”<br />
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我心里说:这オ是袁庚!<br />
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过了几天,乔胜利对陈宜浩说:“袁董看了我的信,答应下次回来再和我谈。” 可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。<br />
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8月25日上午,我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息,急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联 系。但是太迟了,他过了中午又要回香港,而上午的时间已经排满,就在和我通话 的时候,他不得不放下电话去开门。他说:<br />
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“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧,不要紧的,我们没有秘密。”<br />
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我没有准备电话采访,ー时想不齐全,只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字, 他ーー做了回答:“这些也要发表吗?”我说:“不一定发表。”他说:“发表也没关系, 那天我讲话外国人也听了。”<br />
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我说:“将来排出校样,送给你看看好吗?免得事实有出入。”<br />
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“不必了。不要什么都审查,出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的,难免出点差 错。捅点娄子也不要紧。”<br />
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“好了,谢谢您。”<br />
<br />
“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。<br />
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一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观,来到铝材厂门口时,他向学 员们介绍:这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人,23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起 来,大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停エ,ー个工人从高处摔下来受了伤,他的哥哥跑 过去看了看,见弟弟没有生命危险,便又回去干活了。<br />
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袁庚说:“日本不富没有天理!中国改革不富也没有天理!”<br />
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现在我想说:蛇口的改革不成功没有天理!<br />
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九、大鹏魂<br />
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66岁的袁庚,魁梧、潇洒,兼有外交家和实业家的风度,具有一种吸引人的魅 カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢?<br />
拨开历史的迷雾,我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园,算 是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。<br />
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1935年,他毕业于广州广雅中学,随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测 量员,他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校,陈济棠下台后,这家军校成了国民党中央军 校的分校。在学校里,袁庚是活跃的足球门将,练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕 业,他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官,ー个个腐化不堪,对民族危亡无动于衷,便愤 然回到故乡大鹏镇,担任第一小学校长,同时兼任地方自卫队教官。<br />
<br />
学校是国民党办的,自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的,但是学校和自卫队中都有 中共地下党员。<br />
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戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚,在当地是ー个重要人物,三种政治力量对他都很 重视。<br />
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中共地下县委书记王文,和他住到ー起,亲自考察他。<br />
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革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
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1939年3月27日,袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党,从这ー 天起,他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。<br />
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当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党 的漫画,刺痛了国民党区党部,他的处境变得危险了,党组织于!939年冬天把他转 移到党领导的抗日游击队,从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子, 像大鹏ー样展翅高飞了。<br />
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抗日战争期间,美军作为盟军,在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组,担任东纵联 络处处长的袁庚,和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示,东纵和美 军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报,对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。<br />
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日寇投降时,英军远在缅甸,ー个海军少将只率领ー营人乘航空母舰赶到香 港。他的兵力不足以维持治安,要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央,中 央复电:为了对付国民党的内战阴谋,坚决撤离港九地区;同时要求在香港设立联 络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判,袁庚不辱使命,漂亮地完成了任务,并成为驻 香港办事处的第一任主任,这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能 想到,历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折,二十多年后,这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。<br />
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十、秦城监狱<br />
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1968年4月6日,袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家,到机关去上班。北京的4月 初,春寒料峭,风沙迷眼,加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报,形成一片肃杀气氛,使袁 庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作,刚告一段落,还来不及喘口气, 就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息,他于愤 懑中保持着镇定。<br />
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回到办公室不久,有人通知:“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门,看到 除部长之外,还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长,面孔板得像 ー座木雕。<br />
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“袁庚,你被捕了!”<br />
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下午,机关召开大会,部长在会上宣布:“袁庚是美国特务,已经依法逮捕。”袁 庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和 刘丹ー,互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周 总理安全的情景,记忆犹新,那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间,周旋于华侨社会 之中,眼睛熬红了,人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场,天理何在?!<br />
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与此同时,汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中,勒令交出所有的钥匙,开始抄家。 翻箱倒柜,从下午抄到天黑,然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时,オ发现三个 孩子被关在门外不准进家,左邻右舍也不敢收留,孩子们在抹眼泪……<br />
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从此以后,袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里,也不知是死是 活,到哪里打听都说不知道。!969年,汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校,孩 子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”,但作为“反革命家属”， 她只能干最脏最累的活,如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎,痛得胳膊抬 不起来,医生建议回北京治疗,干校就是不准。直到!972年初夏,她的大孩子中印 就要下乡插队了,她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服,打点行装,オ被批准。<br />
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1972年7月,袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后,有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去 探监。“他还活着,他还活着!”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。<br />
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汪宗谦心酸地发现,袁庚行走困难,说话声音也变了,而且他不知道当时是何 年何月！<br />
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原来监狱里日夜亮着灯,犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替,失去了时间的概念;<br />
睡觉时只准脸朝外,一条腿总是压在下边,时间长了造成萎缩;长期不讲话,声带都 沙哑了。<br />
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我曾经听说,袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西,只有放风时在天井里看到 墙根的小草。问他是不是这样,他说:<br />
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“不,还有蚂蚁,我对蚂蚁很有研究。”<br />
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这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量!<br />
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汪宗谦见过了袁庚,就为救他而奔走了。<br />
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“没见他不知道他死活,既然知道他还活着,我就怕他死了!问题还没搞清,死 了孩子们都得背黑锅呀!他住在楼上,要到楼下的天井放风,上下都很辛苦,我到 中央接待站去上访,请求把他搬到楼下来,这个要求被接受了。”<br />
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袁庚搬到楼下的ー间房,发现席子底下有一团花白的头发,他判断这里关过ー 个五十多岁的女同志。后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事,王光美 说:“没错,正是我住过的那间房。”<br />
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袁庚出狱,已是1973年9月30日,整整关了 5年半。<br />
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在狱中,睡觉时只要一转身,看守就在外边敲门。夜晚,敲门声常常把人惊醒。 袁庚回到家里,刚一入睡就惊醒了,这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年,这种心悸 病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能,却用了更长的时间。每天,汪宗谦搀 着袁庚,ー步,ー步,慢慢地走,越走越远,越走越快,走了一年之久,两条腿オ恢复 了平衡。<br />
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更可悲的是,有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子,出来不会走直路了,一走就 转圈,连马路也不能过。人啊,人！人的尊严到哪里去了！<br />
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经过一年多的休养治疗,1975年,袁庚被分配到交通部,当了外事局副局长。<br />
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ー恢复工作,袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体ー样活跃起来。<br />
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恢复工作之前,袁庚骑自行车上街,总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道,“不能开 慢点吗” !恢复工作之后,自己也坐上了小汽车,有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了, “不能靠边骑吗” !他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化,在心里警告自己道: “可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀!”<br />
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多年来,这成了他的一个信条。<br />
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十ー、香港第一课<br />
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1978年,做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚,以花甲之年改行搞经济,被派<br />
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到香港招商局担任副董事长。<br />
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招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日,招商局 香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱,从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。 历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长,所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。 从李鸿章算起,袁庚是第29任了。<br />
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香港招商局在极'左‘思想影响之下,经营单一,困守一隅,搞了几十年没有什 么发展。袁庚到任,根据中央定下的“以航运为中心,立足港澳,背靠内地,面向海 外,多种经营,工商结合,买卖结合”的方针,以铁腕大力整顿。<br />
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袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说:<br />
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“我到香港的第一课,就是买了一座大楼,非常便宜,只花了 6180万（港币）。 第一次交订金时,支票2000万。那天是星期五,当时讲好下午2点钟,在ー个律师 楼里,大家一手交钱,一手交货。我们开了 2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的 对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里,发动机都没有停。ー上去之后,大 家一手交货,一手交钱,签字。签完字,对方拿着支票,两个人夹住,下去了。剩下 ー个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度,马上存到银行里去了。 因为明天是礼拜六了,人家银行关门,礼拜天也关门,假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前 不到银行去交那个支票的话,他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支 票交给他。我们的财务去了,他回来向我们报告,他说当时那个场面是很动人的。 当然,我们闭着眼睛也能想到,资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重 视,当时浮动利息是!4厘,三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志,那就 无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去,回家。他没有这个观念!这就是香港第一课。 我也不怕自惭形秽,ー窍不通,我接触经济工作,仅仅是5年多前开始的。但ー开 始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多!招商局的子公司多的是,ー检查,发现支 票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了 ,换了一个华东 财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后,我就给他讲这个道理,ー个礼拜之内他就能够接 受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事,立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后,财源 滚滚而来。……这个’时间就是金钱’,不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我,其实 这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’,它说得比我还 厉害,时间重于金钱!”<br />
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招商局走上轨道,袁庚就考虑进ー步的发展了。1979年初,他和有关同志带 着在蛇口开发エ业区的蓝图,到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志 很感兴趣,当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给エ业区,袁庚还没有这个胆量,只要了<br />
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2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候,袁庚心里默默 地说:<br />
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“先念同志,签吧,您这ー笔下去,将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀!”<br />
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十二、淸新<br />
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1984年8月,蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅,迎面是ー架屏 风,正中间挂着一幅草书,苍劲流畅的书法,引人注目,细看那内容,更是气度非凡。 这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本,把它抄了下来。<br />
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登微波楼<br />
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微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
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时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
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宝安袁庚<br />
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我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
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我有同感。<br />
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蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
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六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
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晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
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啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
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十三、心血<br />
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清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
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ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
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1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
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这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
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施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
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午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
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下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
<br />
厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
<br />
的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
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我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
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我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
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龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
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“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
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“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
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“你有什么打算?”<br />
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“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
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“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
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“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
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在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
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十五、激动的工程师<br />
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7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
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蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
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边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
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“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
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的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
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“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
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46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
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他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
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王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
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袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
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管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
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当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
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“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
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“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
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“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
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“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
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“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
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“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
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“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
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“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
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“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
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了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
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父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
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“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
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当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
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“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
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“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
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“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
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“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
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第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
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12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
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1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
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王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
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“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
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“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
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“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
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“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
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“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
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“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
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“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
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王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
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十六、年轻的总经理<br />
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一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
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“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
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说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
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“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
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只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
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她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
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“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
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这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
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“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
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“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
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郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
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“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
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我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
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“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
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我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
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“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
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我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
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“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
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真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
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“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
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我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
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告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
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我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
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对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
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袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
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袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
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“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
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“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
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“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
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“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
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这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
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我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
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有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
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后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
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在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
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ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=155787Report CN EN 032023-06-12T09:01:44Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：10.热血男儿 */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情Obsession==<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with Long Hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies were always covered; whereas in the West, people loved nudity, which seemed to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个ー丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there was a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush and painting a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting was not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, had you ever thought that some of us would cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us would stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, would come like snowflakes. You might even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Were you fearless, or seized by a whim? You were out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he was painting.<br />
<br />
他站在一间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着一支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着ー张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stood in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looked disheveled, and his bosom was stained with different colors. His hair was long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there was a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exactly did you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound Train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it was today. The platforms were clean, the corridors were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the regions south of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North…<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像一块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, and cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man--that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes…"<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me…"<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows — the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"On a business trip? Or visit family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student at Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone…"<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What…"<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break…"<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man!"<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. The resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
"So I don't understand art…"<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多少欢聚与悲离的 故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉一线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小伙子,而是一个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
During the long journey, as the young people of the same generation, it was the fate to meet each other in this running train! In life, many stories of reunion and departure were drawn by the heavy line across the land! The girl was close to the small table by the window, resting her chin in the hand, listening to the young man talk, and watching his expression. It seemed that he was not a young guy, but a strong and confident man. Calculating his age, he was even a few years older than the girl. Why did he give that illusion before? Alas, the age of men was really hard to guess...<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为一个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是一个有抱负、有才华的人!”<br />
<br />
Out of the female’s sensitivity, the girl suddenly felt shy and embarrassed. The condescending arrogance that she had just showed was now reversed and replaced by her hazy admiration. The girl looked at the painter's dress again, and the non-matching colors of black and red were not so conspicuous. Although the painter's cotton jacket was still so black, the collar of the underwear was still so crooked, and the hair was still so disheveled, in the eyes of the girl, they all became the evidence that the young man was a bachelor who was immersed in art and had no time to take care of himself, which touched the girl's heart of compassion: "It seems that he is an ambitious and talented man!"<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
The painter took out his drawing board, spread the paper and said to the girl, "Please allow me to make a sketch of you."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
The girl nodded her head.<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简直像一个拙笨的新手。好半天,才抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
The painter drew very slowly, feeling ill at ease. The more he tried to draw well, the more nervous he became, and the brush was out of control. He was like a clumsy novice. After a long time, he apologized and said, "Sorry, I didn’t draw well…"<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来一看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会”了画家的灵犀。<br />
<br />
When the girl took it and looked, two red clouds rose on her cheeks. This sketch was not as good as the one of the mechanic, and those rigid lines were flaws of the work. To say it bluntly, she looked uglier in the painting than she really was. Is that what I look like? The girl had a reason to make a protest. However, she understood and forgave the painter with a sweet smile. Honestly, she didn't even want to see him too calm, too relaxed, like facing the model in the studio. The girl no longer regarded "resemblance in appearance" as so important, and she “understood tacitly” the painter's spirit.<br />
<br />
画纸的一角是签名和年月——袁运生,画于1964年2月。<br />
<br />
In one corner of the paper were the signature and date--Yuan Yunsheng, painted in February 1964.<br />
<br />
画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "Give it to you."<br />
<br />
姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
<br />
The girl said, "Thank you, I’ll keep it as a memory."<br />
<br />
“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信地址?”<br />
<br />
"You see, I was so careless that I forgot to ask your name." The painter said, "Could you write down your mailing address?"<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
<br />
The girl smiled: "My name is Zhang Lanying." And she wrote down the address on the painter's sketchbook.<br />
<br />
火车抵达浦口,他们已经像一对熟识的老朋友了。从一个艺术型的医学院学生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
<br />
When the train arrived in Pukou, they already looked like two old friends. Many common temperaments could be found between an artistic medical student and a serious artist. The passengers on the same train thought they had known each other for a long time and treated them as a couple, saying goodbye to them with the appellation of “you two”.<br />
<br />
画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空一样清澈,像江水一样深沉……<br />
<br />
The painter sent the girl to the shore of the Yangtze River, a wet wind blowing from the river. It was time to part, and both of them were reluctant to leave. Lanying looked at Yuan Yunsheng with the warm and fond gaze, and that means everything! As clear as the sky, as deep as the river…<br />
<br />
呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江交织起来的一见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
Heh! Pretty girl, you were too sentimental. Did you know him? The story of love at first sight, woven by the main Beijing-Pukou line and the winding Yangtze River, was too indiscreet.<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
<br />
The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River <br />
<br />
在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,一只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认真地涂抹着油彩,画出一个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
<br />
In the days of glorious morning light of the 1950s, a young boy's delicate hand, holding a paintbrush, was earnestly spreading the paint on the linen to draw a little girl with the same earnest expression, who was imitating her sister's movement, tying a bright red scarf around her neck.<br />
<br />
这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐一样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
<br />
This oil painting was sent from Nantong in Jiangsu Province to Beijing as an assignment for applying for the highest academy of arts, presenting the young painter’s sparkling artistic talent and a crystal-clear heart. The title was "Growing up to be like my sister", painted by Yuan Yunsheng.<br />
<br />
看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年除夕送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出一批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的艺术功底。<br />
<br />
When looking at this oil painting, people might think that the painter had a soft and gentle femininity. In fact, he was just the opposite. He was stubborn and unrestrained, like a boisterous colt. His love of painting since childhood was mainly influenced by his father. His father worked in a middle school in Nantong. In his spare time, he enthusiastically collected various fine art works. Every year on the New Year’s Eve, they would bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new, and his father would always hang a number of new paintings on the wall, including Chinese and foreign ones, like a small exhibition, full of the atmosphere of the art salon. The paintings collected at home gave Yuan Yunsheng some enlightenment in art. When he got a little bit older, he went to the Cultural Center in Nantong to participate in activities, attend lectures, learn to sketch, and paint, laying the first foundation of art.<br />
<br />
当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来一副犟脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
<br />
When he applied to the Central Academy of Fine Arts, his father said with worry: "The boy was born with stubbornness, which makes us uneasy."<br />
<br />
哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,一个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人 需要有个性。”<br />
<br />
His brother Yuan Yunfu, who was also involved in fine art, kept cheering him on: "Go ahead. people involved in fine art needs to have a personality."<br />
<br />
1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
<br />
In the summer of 1955, the Central Academy of Fine Arts announced the admission of new students, Yuan Yunsheng ranking the first.<br />
<br />
如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画派。这是19世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画就像一部小说或一出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝圣者像请佛一样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
<br />
If Yuan Yunsheng's work for the entrance examination could be classified as a certain school of art, it would be the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions. It was a progressive school of painting that emerged in Russia in the 19th century. It simulated life, emphasized themes, and focused on plot. A painting was like a novel or a play. It inherited Rembrandt’s tradition of realism and absorbed the Impressionism’s achievements in the use of light and color. After the October Revolution, it enjoyed the supreme position in the Soviet art circle and was invited to China by Chinese pilgrims, like inviting the Buddha. Of course, Yuan Yunsheng, only 17 years old, did not know the essence of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, let alone that the school of art was linked to the school of politics.<br />
<br />
他像奔跑在艺术山野 里的小鹿,一头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
<br />
Like a fawn running in the wilderness of art, he bumped into the arms of Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions.<br />
<br />
袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身 好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件 和艺术才能的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖力气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严格的训练——<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng was highly regarded by the academy. He was born in a good family (it was rare to have such a family background at that time) and excelled in the examination. He sat in the first-year classroom with a nimbus of political condition and artistic talent hanging over his head. He was elected as the commissary of Communist Youth League in charge of organization, who was totally the epitome of a socialist-minded and professionally competent man. He was also a real hard worker, and was very stubborn, taking everything seriously. Under the guidance of Soviet-style teaching methods, he received strict training--<br />
<br />
挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与被画者保持绝对的耐性 。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面 ”,画上一整天,只画了半个头像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履的中年人走过来,这是礼聘 来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供同学们观摩。<br />
<br />
Choosing a HB pencil, and sharpening it, and sketching in front of male and female models. The models were recruited at a very high price, both nude and non-nude. Under certain lights, the painter and the object stayed absolutely patient. He sketched out the outline at first, figured out the “light and plane”, and then drew all day long, only to have half picture of the head; the next day, the same scene was repeated under the same conditions; then, a middle-aged man with a high nose and deep eyes, dressed in a suit, came over, who was an expert invited cordially. Whenever he passed behind Yuan Yunsheng, his face often showed a look of satisfaction. Yuan Yunsheng got five points for all his sketches and oil paintings, which were sometimes hung in the classroom or in the corridor for students to watch.<br />
<br />
这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉柯夫教学体系。-袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀——苏联在中国土地上开办的艺术工厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
<br />
That year, a sketch and oil painting teaching conference of national fine art academies was held in Beijing to promote the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union. A half-length portrait of a Chinese woman painted by Yuan Yunsheng was shown off on the conference--a standard mode produced by the art factory of the Soviet Union in China.<br />
<br />
苏联专家的宠儿 ,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
<br />
He was the favorite of the Soviet experts, and the pride of the Oil Painting Department. He had a lot of success and a bright future. He immersed himself in the painting all day long, with his hand keeping waving, like a devout disciple prostrating himself before his art idol, and praying that his soul would ascend to the temple of art, seating on a throne surrounded by roses with a crown of pearls… It was the highest ideal for college students majoring in oil painting at that time.<br />
<br />
但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
<br />
But the naive faith was not solid, like an edifice built on a thin and narrow foundation, which could easily collapse. Once it was subverted, it could cause endless troubles.<br />
<br />
苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便朝那里走去。他停在一帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来一阵电灼般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
<br />
Distress had come to him, and he brought it upon himself. One morning, he heard that there was an exhibition of paintings being held in the hall, and went there. He stopped in front of a sequence of copies of the oil paintings, casting a calm glance upon it, and his whole body felt an electric sensation. His heart was shaking, and his blood was boiling.<br />
<br />
这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风 的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的感情,像酒一样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
<br />
These were the works of the European Post-Impressionist painter Van Gogh, with ordinary and simple images: fields, haystacks, a clock reflected by the setting sun, and sunflowers in clay pots. In addition, there were some portraits of ordinary people: postmen, miners, movers, and inmates who were released for yard time. In these unpretentious pictures, the author poured out the strongest feelings, as strong as wine, like a flame burning!<br />
<br />
看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格 。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生——向日葵,仿佛摇身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探求……这哪里是绘画呀 ,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每一线条和每一色块都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
<br />
Look, the jagged trees were rebellious. The undulating earth seemed to tell of suffering. <br />
The painter poured deep feelings into those ordinary people. The still-life painting --sunflowers, seemed to turn into a living thing, stretching out its jumble of tentacles to the frozen space, capturing, swaying, and indefatigably seeking… It was not a painting, but a call of the painter's life, a representation of his character! Every line and every color block were flowing, coming through invisible channels to clamp people, annihilate them to a great vortex of emotion…<br />
<br />
袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被一支锐利的艺术之箭射穿了。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng walked out of the hall, with his legs wobbling, as if he was drunk, was hurt. His heart was pierced by a sharp arrow of art.<br />
<br />
他回到宿舍,一头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高才生转瞬间变成西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
<br />
He went back to the dormitory and threw himself onto the bed. It was ironic that a top student of the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union became a captive of the Western European Post-Impressionism in an instant.<br />
<br />
宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地问 :“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
<br />
When the door of the dormitory opened, his roommate came in. Seeing him pale and tired, he asked in surprise, "Yunsheng, what happened to you?"<br />
<br />
“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
<br />
"I went to see an exhibition of Van Gogh's paintings." Yuan Yunsheng sat up in bed and said, "I've never been so excited by the works of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions..."<br />
<br />
他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的基础。有这个就够了。下一步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚 。<br />
<br />
He expressed his thoughts. In his opinion, the merit of Soviet painting theory lied in the emphasis on placing the object under certain light, observing the levels and hues with a subtle look, and tracing it carefully, which was the basis of all paintings. It was enough. The next step was to break free and move forward, not to limit themselves.<br />
<br />
他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧上了天 ,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在干着什么蠢事呀? ……<br />
<br />
He was right. Throughout the history of art, each school had its own process of formation, development, vicissitudes, and ups and downs. The Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions deserved its place in the art circle without dispute. But once it was praised to the skies, and promoted by administrative means, it would be counterproductive and bring suffocating disaster to the art. In fact, in the 1950s, painters all over the world, including Soviet painters, were running, exploring and innovating. And how stupid we were! ...<br />
<br />
袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头 ,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng said excitedly: "We follow behind them and pick up what they have thrown away!"<br />
<br />
好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,一个几亿人的社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎 。<br />
<br />
His good friends were familiar with his character and sympathized with his comments, but they worried about him. At that time, a society of hundreds of millions of people prostrated itself before Soviet idols, and his words were tantamount to a form of blasphemy.<br />
<br />
从那以后,他变得不大安分了, 一头温驯的伏尔加式的 小鹿,现出烈性马驹的本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标。<br />
<br />
From then on, he became rebel. A tame fawn, like the one on the Volga car, showed the true colors of a boisterous colt. In addition to completing the homework as usual, he improvised with mixed painting techniques, as if he was pursuing an ethereal goal.<br />
<br />
目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
<br />
The goal, was finally found, unexpectedly close at hand.<br />
<br />
从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭一张学生证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹…… <br />
<br />
From the Shuaifuyuan where the Central Academy of Fine Arts was located, crossing the big roundabout between Wangfujing and Bamiancao, the Donghua Gate of the National Palace Museum was about a mile away. At that time, students from the Academy of Fine Arts enjoyed a special privilege. They could freely enter the imperial garden of ancient Chinese art with only a student ID card. Here he saw Chen Laolian’s “Bogu Yezi (A kind of card played while drinking in ancient China)” in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan’s “Qingming Shanghe Tu (Along the River During the Qingming Festival)” in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a large number of authentic works of famous painters of the Tang Dynasty…<br />
<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
<br />
His favorite work was the "Luo Shen Fu (The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River)" by Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.<br />
<br />
长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象力!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人,栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱翔……<br />
<br />
Long scroll, romantic conception, how imaginative! The landscape was peaceful and spacious, with quiet and wonderful rivers and mountains; the figures were lifelike, dancing in the air. Was the resemblance in appearance? Was the resemblance in spirit? Between likeness and unlikeness, that was the author's mind soaring…<br />
<br />
他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条表现出高超的魅力。<br />
<br />
He put his eyes close to the scroll. The brush strokes, appearing ageless for thousands of years, like the spring silkworms spinning fine and exquisite silk, drew freely. He thought of the Soviet oil painting theory that denied the existence of lines. But in Chinese painting, the general and terse lines showed the high charm.<br />
<br />
站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他的思绪如抛出的一缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
<br />
Standing in this ancient resplendent hall, a long flowing river of art swept passed by before his eyes, and his thoughts stretched out like a wisp of gossamer. If we compared the fashionable Western art and the ancient Oriental art to two poles, there seemed to be something between the two poles that was closely related. Oh, he understood. When we got into a mut, ignored what was near and seek what was far away, those elves and devils of abstractionism, fauvism, modernism and futurism quietly got essence and extracted nutrients from the Oriental art to strengthen their bodies. That was the secret.<br />
<br />
祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
<br />
Motherland, your art is not water, not wine, not milk, but the magical royal jelly!<br />
<br />
虎丘<br />
<br />
Huqiu<br />
<br />
兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
<br />
After parting with the painter in Pukou, Lanying returned to school in Suzhou. In the blink of an eye, it was March. With spring breeze and newly sprouted willow trees, the town of flowing water under bridges liked a young girl, who was unveiled, affectionate with a lot of charm. <br />
<br />
姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
<br />
The girl's state of mind was also bright like waking spring.<br />
<br />
她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认识一下,如果手头有照片,请寄来一张。<br />
<br />
She received the painter’s letter from Nantong. The style of writing was free and easy. In the girl’s words: "The level is quite high!" The letter recalled the unforgettable scene on the train and expressed his feelings of missing her. He also said that his parents and brothers would like to get to know the girl, and if she had photos, please sent one.<br />
<br />
兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选一张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息一样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
<br />
Lanying opened the photo album without hesitation, selected a small photo, attached a short reply, and sent it to Nantong. This small act contained an unusual meaning, just like the shortest electromagnetic microwave can transmit significant information, it clearly expressed: the girl agreed to be his girlfriend.<br />
<br />
兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
<br />
Lanying's upbringing conditioned her to making her own decisions. She was born in Shandong province and grew up in the regions south of the Yangtze River. After her parents died, she moved with the troops from childhood. Wherever she went, it was her home, and she developed the ability to live independently. Over the years, she always received the warmth from the group and her female companions, but was never constrained. Perhaps she was a bit spoiled and coaxed by others, which made her form a stubborn personality.<br />
<br />
此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,一见钟情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
<br />
At the moment, she had a novel feeling that she was happier than the people around her. Because she had a right man in her heart, who affected her emotions. She silently enjoyed the secret pleasure of the young girl in love for the first time. She even imagined that once the secret was revealed, how surprised and envious her female companions would be! In their minds, her vison was very high. She was great looking and came from a privileged background. No male classmates dared to develop a relationship with her. It was not easy to take her fancy. It was done so artfully, neither by her parents’ choice, nor by the match-maker’s recommendation. She met him on a trip, and fell in love at first sight, bringing everything lime a whirlwind, so that the girl was full of desire for a better life. It was really romantic! So, she wove the future scenarios with sweet silk, anxiously waiting for the response from Nantong. Did he receive her letter? Would the painter's parents comment her when looking at her photo? Was she too pretty, or not enough? Alas! It was really hard to guess… The girl's heart was like the weather in the south of the Yangtze River in March. The temperature and weather changed abruptly.<br />
<br />
学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
<br />
The school was preparing for the Women's Day celebration. Lanying was the commissary in charge of entertainment of the class, a major role that bore a heavy burden of responsibility. The time passed quickly as she arranged the programs, made a blackboard newspaper, and decorated the venue.<br />
<br />
“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄起话筒,一惊一喜——那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
<br />
On Woman’s Day, the curtain was opened, and everyone was watching the stage. Suddenly someone called Lanying to answer the phone. She took up the microphone, and was surprised and delighted--it was the painter calling from the school's reception office.<br />
<br />
兰英极力掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,一阵风似的跑到学校的门口。<br />
<br />
Lanying tried to hide his excitement, turned to the students, vaguely explained a few words, and ran to the school gate like a gust of wind.<br />
<br />
画家站在那里,手中照例拿着一个速写本。<br />
<br />
The painter stood there, holding a sketchbook in his hand as usual.<br />
<br />
“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
<br />
"When did you arrive?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I just got off the train. I was passing through here after the home leave." The painter said.<br />
<br />
“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
<br />
"Please come in, do you … want to draw some sketches for our celebration?"<br />
<br />
“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……” <br />
<br />
"Not going in. I'd like to invite you out for a walk…"<br />
<br />
兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意味着向人生的一个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
<br />
Lanying hesitated for a moment. She was willing to accept the request, but also felt embarrassed. Since she entered the period of youth and became mature, Lanying spent this day with her female companions every year. Today she was going to leave her group, which meant saying goodbye to a stage of life. She thought about the discipline of the school, the opinion of classmates...<br />
<br />
“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
<br />
"Where are we going?" Lanying asked shyly.<br />
<br />
“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
<br />
"Huqiu." The painter's expression did not change.<br />
<br />
当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
<br />
When they got off the bus and stood at the foot of Huqiu Hill, the girl's uneasy heart was quieted down and relaxed. <br />
<br />
和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深”。沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
<br />
Compared with the small gardens in Suzhou City, Huqiu was a broad and quiet place to visit. The first two lines of Bai Juyi's poem on Huqiu were " The temple doesn't look far away, but it's very deep in the garden.” Walking along the stone path to the garden, there were many pines and cypresses, clear and blue sword pool, thick and tall groves of bamboo hiding the buildings and pavilions on the hillside: Temple of Chloris, Three Smiles pavilion... Walking deeper and there was more quiet, like walking into a sweet dream.<br />
<br />
这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在一起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
<br />
It was the first time Lanying had been alone with a man. There were mysterious waves in the girl’s heart. She felt that she had a lot to say to the painter, but she didn't know where to start.<br />
<br />
“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
<br />
"Have you received the photo?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I received. My family saw it and they all like you." The painter said.<br />
<br />
可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术。他对这一带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而倾倒。<br />
<br />
But the painter soon changed the subject. He commented on the local customs and culture of Suzhou and introduced the plastic art of the regions south of the Yangtze River. He seemed to be familiar with the area and knew a lot of anecdotes. The girl listened to him with great interest and was overwhelmed with admiration by the painter's profound knowledge.<br />
<br />
前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去 ,仿佛在祝福这一对美好的情侣。突然,一股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
<br />
Huqiu Pagoda was just ahead. The towering spire thrust into the blue sky and white clouds, magnificent and magical. Lanying and the painter ran towards the top of the hill with excitement. The painter stretched out his strong arm to support the girl. They were so close to each other, feeling the heat of each other's breath and heart beating. Pines, cypresses, and bamboo forests swayed backwards, as if they were blessing the wonderful couple. Suddenly, with a blazing feeling, they both stopped at the same time.<br />
<br />
这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰一样醉红,双唇像微微绽开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己一样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后一瞬……<br />
<br />
Here was surrounded by hills and trees, empty and silent. The painter stared at the girl with a frank and honest look; Lanying closed her eyes happily, ready to receive a baptism of love that would never be forgotten. The golden sunlight, through the branches of the trees, cast waving shadows on the girl’s face. Her cheeks were as red as roses, and her lips were like slightly blooming petals, more beautiful than usual. What a pure girl. Opening the window of her heart, there wasn’t any trace of dust and impurities. Although it was her second meeting with the painter, she trusted him and life as she trusted herself. Hold her tight, kiss her with fervor. She would be yours forever, from now until the last moment of your life…<br />
<br />
“兰英,我要告诉你一件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是‘右派’！”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I’ll tell you something." What she heard at this moment was the painter’s calm voice, “The first time was too late and the second time is not too late. I was classed as a 'rightist' when I was in college. Really, it was the 'rightist'!”<br />
<br />
霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
<br />
All of a sudden, the hills and trees, the ancient pagoda, were frozen in a deathly silence…<br />
<br />
孤岛上<br />
On a Lonely Island<br />
<br />
到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。1957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
<br />
Have you ever been to an island of the sea? The water and sky seemed to be mixed up together. The clouds came and went, and tide rose and fell. The island was a poem, a fresh and meaningful poem. At the turn of spring and summer in 1957, Yuan Yunsheng was in a poetic environment.<br />
<br />
他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
<br />
He went deep into the life on the island and practice drawing from nature. The Central Academy of Fine Arts required that second-year students had a two-month internship course; before the summer vacation, students went to different parts of the country. He and another student were the only ones who participated in the trip to the island. It was located on the shore of the Yellow Sea. There were only troops on the island, and no residents for miles around. The island provided him with a fortunate environment, getting away from the noise and disputes of the human world, and escaping the violent turmoil that happened in the mainland.<br />
<br />
小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体 ,心情是焦渴的。当蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
<br />
People on the island were closest to nature. Every morning, carrying the paint box on his back, he wandered on the beach covered with light yellow gravel and welcomed the first ray of happy sunshine. At the age of only eighteen, Yuan Yunsheng had already stood out from the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions and became a hazy composite of Chinese Classicism Painting and Western Modernism Painting, who was anxious. The blue sea sprinkled ten thousand golden stars and the sunglow filled his heart with brilliant colors. It was the moment when the young artist's life was burning. He hurriedly opened the paint box, spread the canvas and accepted the generous offer of nature.<br />
<br />
小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左右,才有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
<br />
The island was simple. Politics was proportional to the population, and there were fewer political topics here. Only a barge arrived to deliver newspapers and mail every ten days or so. While he and his companion were eating, they hastily opened the newspapers and skim through them. He was curious about the articles that appeared in the newspaper:<br />
<br />
“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好啦……”<br />
<br />
"Beijing is allowing the people to express their views now. This article is interesting. This opinion should be adopted. Changing it like this will be good…"<br />
<br />
他看完报纸一扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块和线条的运用。<br />
<br />
He threw the newspaper away after reading it and then forgot about it. He did not care about anything else except painting. His road of life was bright, full of sunshine, with no clouds hanging over him and nothing to worry about. All he cared about was the use of light, color blocks and lines.<br />
<br />
年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队的宣传干事带到一间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
<br />
The only political question the young artist faced was raised by the local soldiers. One day, he was taken to a humble shed by a publicity officer of the troops, and a pair of trusting eyes were cast upon him.<br />
<br />
“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, you have asked to go to another island to paint, right?"<br />
<br />
“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
<br />
"Yes, we want to go there."<br />
<br />
“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
<br />
"The troops have studied it. You can go, but your classmate stays."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查 。你们学校填写了两份材料,你的情况单纯 。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
<br />
"A permanent military project is being built on the island. Those who go there have to pass a political vetting. Your college filled out two documents, and your background is simple. Your classmate can't go, mainly because of family problems…"<br />
<br />
袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是一种荣幸,既然生活当中存在这样一些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng frowned. It was an honor to be invited alone. Since there were such rules in life, he went to there alone and no one could blame it. But it brought him more trouble than excitement. He knew his classmates. They were all members of the Communist Youth League and were the backbone of the students. Why should they be distinguished? With his artistic way of thinking, he decided that it was a proposition of conscience and friendship.<br />
<br />
“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
<br />
"Hey, I got it." He went back to the dorm and said to his companion, "The island is building fortifications, drilling and blasting, filled with smoke. There is nothing to paint. We've been out for a long time, let's just go back to the college!"<br />
<br />
不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大 登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活见鬼 !中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
<br />
Soon, he and his classmate crossed the sea and landed at Lvda City. The cool sea breeze blew against the beautiful city, arousing interest in sightseeing. They wandered the streets. The scenery was charming, the buildings were quirky and everywhere was full of Russian atmosphere. When Yuan looked up at the signposts, which wrote the street names like “Makarov”, he complained: "Damn it! Why does the street of a Chinese city have to be named after a Russian general? What a bummer…" A few days later, they stood in the blue harbor, casting a last glance at the ocean waves, and turned around to set foot on the way back.<br />
<br />
不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
<br />
He didn’t expect that it was a farewell to the blue life.<br />
<br />
北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷 ,使海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头 ,有碍“百花齐放”。袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
<br />
Beijing had changed. Returning from the island, he was amazed by the swift counterattack, the overwhelming criticism, and the petals scattered on the ground in the campus. What puzzled him most was the situation of Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the academy. He heard that the secretary of the Party Committee made a mistake because he advocated the revolutionary school of painting too far, which hindered "all flowers blooming together". Yuan Yunsheng really didn’t understand what the “revolutionary school of painting” had to do with the “rightist”.<br />
<br />
袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? 一连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng hid in the dormitory, immersing himself in gathering up his sketches. Perhaps, he was safe. He advocated inheriting ancient Chinese art and drawing on western modern art, which should be conducive to the "blooming of a hundred flowers". How could he not be safe. For several days, he chased the white clouds, waves and seagulls, lost in the memories of his trip to the sea…<br />
<br />
有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像一个漏了税的走私犯接受审讯。<br />
<br />
One day, he was suddenly called to the classroom and stood in front of the people, like a smuggler being tried for tax evasion.<br />
<br />
摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名——“反苏” 。 <br />
<br />
He was faced with a host of problems: deviant views in art, sympathetic remarks to the "rightist", "poisoning" on the island and in Lvda, and a terrible accusation throughout it--"anti-Soviet".<br />
<br />
究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐 ,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
<br />
The answer to who denounced him could be found by using elementary mathematics, but it was meaningless. Since he had thought so, and said, he said bluntly to anyone, with an honest heart.<br />
<br />
他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他一挥手:“请你到外面等一会儿。”<br />
<br />
He racked his brain to repeat what he had said, and the presenter waved to him: "Please wait outside for a moment."<br />
<br />
他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听见屋里在争论。<br />
<br />
He left the classroom and stood in the corridor, feeling relieved and comfortable. The corridor was only one door away from the classroom, and he heard an argument in the room.<br />
<br />
有人说:“够了……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "That's enough…”<br />
<br />
有人说:“还不够……”<br />
<br />
Someone said: "Not enough...”<br />
<br />
有人说:“态度还好……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "The attitude is not bad…"<br />
<br />
他的好友在替他争辩,另一些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
<br />
His best friends were arguing for him, and others were insisting on something, which sounded interesting. Then there was silence… Then, he was called back to the classroom.<br />
<br />
“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, after research, you've been classified as a 'rightist'!"<br />
<br />
政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色——红与黑。点朱泼墨,二者居其一,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不同,观点对立,照样用黑笔一勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
<br />
The oil painting box of the political movement had only two colors--red and black, which was different from the oil painting box of the artist. The only way to choose between cinnabar and ink was to rely on fortune-telling. He and Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, were of different ages, different background colors, and opposing views, but they were both outlined by black brushes with the same destination and the painting procedures were highly simplified.<br />
<br />
晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
<br />
In the evening, he rode the bike to Baijiazhuang, where his brother Yuan Yunfu lived. He rocked back in the sofa: "I am."<br />
<br />
哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
<br />
His brother smiled and asked, "What are you?"<br />
<br />
“我是’右派’了。”<br />
<br />
"I'm a 'rightist' now."<br />
<br />
“呵?”哥哥大吃一惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
<br />
"Huh?" His brother was astonished, "What mistake did you make?"<br />
<br />
“我没犯错误。”<br />
<br />
"I didn't make a mistake."<br />
<br />
“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
<br />
"Then why are you classified as a 'rightist'?"<br />
<br />
“他们说我是,就是啰 。”<br />
<br />
"They said I am. So I am."<br />
<br />
“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
<br />
"No! No!" His brother was trembling.<br />
<br />
“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
<br />
"What’s wrong with that?" He said evenly, "I still paint, still go to school, still engage in arts."<br />
<br />
他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山造湖,兴修水库,一颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地指挥部,请求一边干活一边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人来访。<br />
<br />
He really did not know pain yet. Soon after, hundreds of thousands of people in the capital swarmed to the out to the suburbs to move mountains and create lakes and build reservoirs in the gorge of the Ming Tombs, and a naive heart was touched. He thought how good it would be to see so many people working together to do one thing. He took his oil painting box and rode more than one hundred miles by bike to the construction headquarters, asking to be able to work and spent his spare time painting. They refused, explaining that according to the regulations, they would not accept personal visits.<br />
<br />
又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他一个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
<br />
Shortly afterward, he went into the construction site by bus with a large group of people from the Central Academy of Fine Arts. How excited he was! He did as much work alone as several men together, carrying six baskets for holding earth on one pole, and running fast on the rugged mountain road. At noon, when others took a nap, he held his painting clipboard and went to the mountain to paint under the scorching sun. Until he was exhausted and staggered back to the shed, he still didn’t feel bitter. Because it was her own choice. He was motivated by the boiling life and generously gave his energy, feeling that it was a great pleasure.<br />
<br />
可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成呵斥的嗓门,一张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了——仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
<br />
But the atmosphere in the shed had changed. The students gathered around him, pointing at him, and saying that he was disobedient, did not accept reform, and should not paint anymore… He was stunned. He didn’t know that it was a criticism meeting, and he didn’t understand what they said. He only felt that familiar eyes became harsh eyes, intimate expressions became indifferent expressions, and peaceful voices became scolding voices. Their mouths were moving, and their hands were shaking. Suddenly he understood--just one thing: he was different from others!<br />
<br />
他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
<br />
He opened his bloodshot eyes wide, wriggled his dry lips, and fell down with his hands on his head.<br />
<br />
过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
<br />
Because of overwork and mental stimulation, he contracted serious dysentery. The illness dragged on from summer to winter, and later he was sent to an unheated hut at college.<br />
<br />
小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活 ,学校当局不再放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他才感到了痛苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出一串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
<br />
The hut was cold and damp, where dripping water could freeze. His body was hot with a high fever. College authorities were no longer concerned about his condition. A year ago, he was the pride of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, who became an abandoned orphan now. He felt the pain, the pain of being strangled in art, exceeding the physical pain, like being pushed into a terrible hell. No! In the spiritual realm of art, there was only heaven, not hell. He was forced to learn to be inferior, but he could never learn it. In a coma, cluttered thoughts were flashing, as if he was flying after the seagulls, and dancing with the Goddess of the Luo River. He tossed and turned and struggled, with a series of moans, as if not willing to sink, but to climb out of the dark hell…<br />
<br />
屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
<br />
A faint white light came through the door and he heard the sound of footsteps. Looking there attentively, he found that his friend stood in front of the bed, casting sympathetic and concerned eyes at him.<br />
<br />
他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是一种负担。我需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
<br />
He sat up quickly: "Please don't come to see me again. I understand that it is a burden for others to be close to me. I need friendship, but not pity. What I need now is solitude, solitude, let me be alone!"<br />
<br />
新月<br />
<br />
The Crescent Moon<br />
<br />
夕阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野 闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对青年男女。<br />
<br />
The setting sun cast a golden glow on Huqiu and fell to the other side of the hill. The clear and quiet lights shimmered on the hill, which was connected to the transparent dusk, reflecting the stately profile of the millennium pagoda, like a contemplative old man overlooking a young couple on the hill.<br />
<br />
这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们一页一页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像一阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只残忍的巨手一挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择 。<br />
<br />
This moment was long enough for Lanying. There were tragedies and comedies in love stories that had been passed down through the ages, attracting people to read them page by page. However, the second page of Lanying's story was unbearable. The tender feelings of a girl who was in her first love: happiness, novelty, joy… For an instant they vanished like a gust of wind, as if with the wave of a cruel hand, everything sank, everything disappeared, and a problem was put before the girl, severe, cold, and emotionless, turning the sweet assignment into a cold choice of stakes.<br />
<br />
在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的一群 ,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以“杀气腾腾”“煽风点火 ”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁愿与鬼蜮联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
<br />
In those years, in this land, as long as people mentioned the "rightist", a bunch of greys flashed before their eyes, like shadows, like ghosts, as if they killed a man, committed arson, or poison something. It seemed that they were all charged with “murder”, “fanning the flames”, “drug trafficking” and so on. Their souls were sentenced to death, leaving only soulless shells of bodies. The shell, could breathe but could not speak, and must work but could not harvest. The only tolerance that society gave them was to give them more time than convicts sentenced to death, turning their shells into mud. Who would want to be married to a ghost? Who wanted to be with a zombie? Lanying faced such a choice.<br />
<br />
在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每一个姑娘都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵——询问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,工资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称一称。爱情的内容转变了,转变为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义 。<br />
<br />
In an environment where marriage and politics were tied together, every girl had to make considerations, either to enjoy honor, or to have misfortunes with her husband. Under the same dusk, how many girls in the world were considering it--asking the man’s family background, political affiliation, education background, job, salary, rank… asking his direct value and everything indirectly translated into value, and then weighing them on the balance of love. The content of love had been transformed into the process of exchange of commodities, which gradually became common and natural.<br />
<br />
兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算 。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
<br />
Lanying had more rights to make her own decisions. She was receiving higher education. She would be a nurse in the future, whose had blood of martyrs in her veins. The organization was considering her to join the Communist Party of China. She was as proud as a daughter of an eminent family, as beautiful as Snow White… Every intersection of life would provide the green light for her. with sons from aristocratic families for her to choose and high position and great wealth to enjoy. But life seemed to play ticks on her. It was the black devil who came to her side, not the angel of love. It was not late to break off the relationship with him at once, and there was no obligation on conscience and morality.<br />
<br />
兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越 ,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气 。因此,她还不懂得利害。<br />
<br />
Lanying lost in painful thought. She was in a privileged situation and had pure experiences, remaining unspotted from the world. Therefore, she did not understand the stakes.<br />
<br />
政治运动对姑娘来说,像一场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些“右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她还时常听到这样的告诫:有才华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不断得到强化。<br />
<br />
The political movement was like a vague dream for the girl. In 1957, she was an innocent girl studying in middle school. She took part in the denunciation, with her mouth, with her pen, with her outraged feeling. The war was over before she could see the enemies clearly. She only saw the backs of the prisoners. Later, when the girl was a little older, whenever she heard that someone was a "rightist", she could not help but look at him with curiosity. She saw that most of the "rightists" were scholars, professors, artists, writers, business backbone, celebrities and so on. She also often heard the admonition: talented people often had strong personalities; people with strong personalities often suffered setbacks. The direct and converse theorem of real life had been repeated in various tones, and the girl’s impression of it was constantly reinforced.<br />
<br />
抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的嘲讽。<br />
<br />
The abstract concept of friend or foe formed a concrete conclusion in the girl's mind, which was a sad mockery of the solemn political movement.<br />
<br />
眼前的画家又是一个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离经叛道的歧路 ,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为政治问题?为什么要让一个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的才华……什么是才华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下一颗蓝色的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
<br />
The painter before her was another example. Because the painter opposed the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, he was declared to be on an unorthodox and evil path and was sentenced to death in politics. The girl could not understand why the issue of art had to be turned into a political issue? Why should a Chinese hot-blooded young man be sacrificed to a foreign altar as a lamb to be slaughtered? Wasn't it ludicrous? Such a ludicrous thing actually happened. Perhaps, it further proved that the painter was not a meek lamb, but a fearful calf, attracting jealousy from others. It further proved the painter’s courage and insight, indomitable nature and precious talent… What was talent? For the simplehearted girl, it was the light of life, the garland of youth, the transcendence of ignorance, the sublimation of knowledge. It made money and wealth eclipsed, made gain, loss, fame and bad reputation ruin and loss become a passing cloud, like a bright horizon that divided the clear sky and turbid earth. Foolish girls liked to adorn themselves with jewels, but noble girls were full of spiritual aspirations. She was willing to pick a blue star and set it on the heart of love... Lanying broke the silence and said to the painter in a deep voice: "Don't mention those things of your past to me again. I don't think you've made a mistake…"<br />
<br />
画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子 ,也是有限的宽恕,一切还同过去一样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "But everyone else thinks so. Even if they took the hat off, the forgiveness would be limited, and everything would be the same as before. You can't associate with people like me. You must consider the consequences."<br />
<br />
“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
<br />
"I don't care about the consequences. No matter what other people think, I trust my instincts."<br />
<br />
“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are your instincts?"<br />
<br />
“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
<br />
"My instinct is that you are talented!"<br />
<br />
这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激动的光辉:“世上有才华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
<br />
It was the highest praise for an "enemy of society”. Her tone showed a significant preference, which should bring enough relief to the painter. But the painter stood there with a stoney expression. The radiance of excitement in his gaze was worn away: "There are many talented people in the world, including glorious victors and miserable losers. Why do you prefer me? You’ll regret it in the future…"<br />
<br />
难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把才华糟蹋得像一块抹布的年月里,这句话,他不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子无才便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,才华再也不是令知识分子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
<br />
No wonder the painter reacted indifferently. It was not the first time he had heard the phrase in the years when his talent was ruined like a rag. Anyone could give it to him. Beneath the hypocritical compliment was a deliberate mockery. "A woman without talent is virtuous", now also applied to men. Even if he was trampled underfoot, mercilessly flogged, covering with cuts and bruises, they could pat him on the shoulder and told him to get up and go to work. At that time, talent was no longer a flower that made intellectuals have smug feelings, but a bitter medicine that touched their feelings of sorrow.<br />
<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
<br />
Lanying’s and the painter's eyes met. The painter's eyes, probing and frank, with a deep flame of self-esteem and some expectations, shot all the way to the girl's heart. Lanying could not resist this stare that could penetrate through everything, and her heart was shivering…<br />
<br />
兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费力气地获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被搞得阴阳颠倒！一时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到一颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙一样晶莹闪烁。<br />
<br />
Lanying suddenly remembered that it was her second meeting with the painter, in this quiet mountain forest, a secluded valley far away from the city. Wasn't today Women's Day? Ordinarily, he could easily win the girl’s heart with his gentleness and gallantry. However, he brought frustration, which couldn’t wait to broke the girl's calm. He said the truth, revealed the hidden pain, casting ominous clouds. He knew that it could cause irreversible consequences, but insisted on doing it. What exactly was it for? How upright and poised he was! Why was such a person said to be a terrible devil? The vanished soul? Life was so unfair! Honesty for disaster, cunning for glory, how much right and wrong in the world had been turned upside down! For a moment, Lanying felt that the ravine, valley and river in front of her had been filled in. Through the evening mist, she saw a sincere heart, glittering and shining like agates.<br />
<br />
兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
<br />
Lanying said excitedly, "I decided."<br />
<br />
画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "You love me?"<br />
<br />
“喜欢。”<br />
<br />
"Yes."<br />
<br />
“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
<br />
"What do I have to be loved?"<br />
<br />
“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
<br />
"Because you are honest, and love needs honesty."<br />
<br />
画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝 里滚动。<br />
<br />
The painter's whole body shocked, and he threw himself on the girl and buried his head in her arms. In one moment, the strong man turned into a child that curled up, with tears welling up in his eyes.<br />
<br />
一弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
<br />
A crescent moon rose. The ancient pagoda was solemn, and the bamboo forest whispered. The bright silver light shined on the girl, who was like a silver statue of goddess.<br />
<br />
画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
<br />
The painter was like embracing a treasure that he never wanted to lose. For many years, he lived and behaved with integrity, and infatuated with art. But no one had ever given such an evaluation on him. Today, the girl judged his conscience, filling his lonely heart with light. He was satisfied and relieved, feeling that he got the greatest reward for the hardship he had suffered for years…<br />
<br />
双桥<br />
<br />
Shuangqiao<br />
<br />
当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢——充当囚犯, 颠沛流离 ,饱尝辛酸……<br />
<br />
Contemporary artists have great passions to pursue their own artistic styles, and those who had suffered misfortune had unique styles that could not be replaced by others. Who wants to repeat their experience--to be a prisoner, to wander, to endure all kinds of hardships…<br />
<br />
翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
<br />
Open Repin’s collection, and look at ''Barge Haulers on the Volga''.<br />
<br />
我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石磙,弓着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下一闪一闪。<br />
<br />
There is a picture similar to ''Barge Haulers on the Volga'' before us, a living picture. The sun was hot, and the air was burning. On the golden wheat field, a young man pulled a stone roller with the posture of the barge hauler on the Volga. He bowed, head down, with a rope trip on his shoulder, hands almost down to the ground. Sweat was running down his bare back, glowing and winking in the sun.<br />
<br />
这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是最年轻的一个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石磙,一拉就是一天。<br />
<br />
This was Shuangqiao Farm in Beijing, one of the earliest state farms, which was famous for its mechanized production. But the artists from the Central Academy of Fine Arts did the work like animal labor. Yuan Yunsheng was the youngest among more than twenty people, who volunteered to do the heaviest work. He pulled the stone roller on the wheat field all day.<br />
<br />
二十几个人住在一间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。几年前,在他们头顶上发生的 那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成为一门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向两极。<br />
<br />
More than twenty people lived in a large room, with shabby windows and doors, and flies and mosquitoes flying freely in and out. There were two rows of wide beds for a number of people and tables made of wooden boards in the room. The dean, professors, teaching assistants and students were equally treated here. The explosion that happened above their heads a few years ago caused different reactions in each of them. Some were silent, some were endlessly repentant, some were calm, and some were trembling, just as the mechanics of the explosion developed into a unique craft, capable of both destruction and construction, making their spiritual models distinctly polarized.<br />
<br />
袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头一个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,一头畜力转眼间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng returned to the room from the wheat field, his first action was to fall on the drawing board by the bed. The animal became an artist with glittering eyes at once, just like the miracle of a magic show by a magician. With the drawing board under his arm, he looked for prey everywhere. He was the master of everything in the territory of visual image.<br />
<br />
他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着他。试问 ,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展示了情景交融的空间——略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
<br />
He doggedly innovated, of his own accord and under duress. He had to reform through labor, and made art at the same time, who needed to adapt to the new environment because he could not leisurely portray objects like oil painters. Applying the achievements of line modeling in Chinese painting to Western oil painting, which was a hazy pursuit before, now became a bright flame that attracted him strongly. Who had ever seen the existence of "line" in life? And he saw it. He observed the layers of light, analyzed the light and plane of the object, trying to grasp the moment when a plane met another plane. The changing, transitional, and wonderful division showed clear lines on the retina, which commanded the hand and pen through the processing of the brain, the exaggeration of emphasis and the appropriate deformation, drawing firm or soft lines on the sketch, as simple as Chinese paintings, as precise as Western paintings, like a Peking Opera artist on an empty stage, showing the space that feelings mingled with scenes with his nuanced hand movements, expression of eyes and body motions--a remarkable painting language that was slight but not empty, with real in its emptiness.<br />
<br />
他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
<br />
He figured it out. Since his paintings would never be cared again, let alone exhibited, he could let his pen draw freely. During the days in the farm, he made more than two thousand sketches with pens, brushes and pencils, far more than the number of assignments for students in fine art colleges. With heavy work and strong foundation, he went toward his goal. A large pile of sketches on his bedside was the accumulation of his faith and the ocean of spirit.<br />
<br />
住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
<br />
Among the people living in the same room, there was a stern elder who often watched the young painter's behaviors. He was Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy. Jiang Feng's gaze was astonished. He didn’t know his student before, but now he was touched by Yuan Yunsheng's enthusiasm for hard work and advancement.<br />
<br />
“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去！”<br />
<br />
"I really don't understand why the student like you should be labeled as a 'rightist'?" Jiang Feng said to Yuan Yunsheng, "Draw it. As long as you think it's right, you can draw it according to your will!"<br />
<br />
这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
<br />
It was the direct teaching Yuan Yunsheng heard from the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, not in the grand academy, but in the hard adversity. This teaching impressed him forever.<br />
<br />
一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
<br />
One day, people living in the same room held a review meeting. Some of them confessed as usual, but Jiang Feng declaimed, criticizing the proneness to boasting and exaggeration in publicity, the disconnect between economic policy and economic base, and the hazards of "Left" opportunism, just like a level-headed politician without the slightest self-consciousness of an offender. He was still him, maintaining human dignity, and exercising the rights of the brain and mouth. Yuan Yunsheng listened, filled with admiration.<br />
<br />
散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特儿是清癯的、憔悴的,一副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出一个美的灵魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
<br />
After the meeting, Jiang Feng read a book with his head on the desk. Yuan Yunsheng quietly picked up the drawing board and looked towards him. The model in front of him was skinny and haggard, with a contemplative look. However, in the painter's mind, a beautiful soul was reflected, as hard and transparent as diamonds. The painter used his brush to draw a portrait of him with ease and verve.<br />
<br />
“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
<br />
"Oh, I'm much thinner than before." Jiang Feng took the sketch and said with emotion, "Leave this painting to me. You and I have a memorable friendship…"<br />
<br />
这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
<br />
The sketch was paired with a frame, hanging in Jiang Feng's home for many years.<br />
<br />
一个被撤职的党委书记,一个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
<br />
A dismissed secretary of the Party Committee, and a young man forced to stop school. Neither of their personalities were distorted under the weight. Once the personality had overcome the ordeal, it was like cast iron. It was the same to admit it or not.<br />
<br />
雨纷纷<br />
<br />
The Drizzling Water <br />
<br />
画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业分配。<br />
<br />
The painter parted with Lanying in Suzhou and returned to Changchun. They exchanged letters from time to time. A year later, Lanying was facing job assignment after graduation.<br />
<br />
东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降临头上。<br />
<br />
The Northeast was very unfamiliar to Lanying. In her imagination, it was distant borderlands covered with snow and ice, a terrible place so cold that the nose, ears and chin could be frozen off. None of the students wanted to be assigned to the Northeast. They were used to the affluent conditions and warm climate of lands of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River, and the mere mention of the Northeast made their hair stand on end, as if the doom of exile had fallen on their heads. <br />
<br />
兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
<br />
Lanying was regardless of anything. In the girl's mind, where he was, there was spring, and there was a bonfire! She was willing to suffer cold and hunger just by his side.<br />
<br />
当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying proposed to the organization of his aspiration for assignment, the other side was shocked: “Ah, you already have a boyfriend! How long have you known each other? What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
姑娘一五一十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住 。<br />
<br />
The girl answered one by one. She thought that it could not be hidden sooner or later.<br />
<br />
兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象力,把故事编得像田园牧歌一样美妙——<br />
<br />
Lanying’s story spread through the college. Oral litterateurs were not lack in imagination, and made up the story as beautiful as an idyllic pastoral--<br />
<br />
“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
<br />
"Hey, did you hear? Lanying asked to be assigned to Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
<br />
"So far away! Why do you want to go there?"<br />
<br />
“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子。”<br />
<br />
"She met a boyfriend, one of the most beautiful men in Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那个人干什么的?”<br />
<br />
"What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
<br />
"He's an actor at Changchun Film Studio. He acted many movies."<br />
<br />
“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
<br />
"Of course it is good to have an actor as boyfriend. He can go everywhere in the country. <br />
Studios are in big cities, and Lanying can be transferred to wherever she likes!"<br />
<br />
但是,在学校的一间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
<br />
But in a small room of the college, Lanying's head was under the weight of thousand pounds, and furious and disappointed eyes were cast at him: “You are too naïve in politics. Who is he? A ‘rightist', who is anti-Party and anti-socialist. Who are you? The descendant of revolutionary martyrs, member of the Communist Youth League, and the Party organization's development target. Won’t you feel sorry about your dead parents? And the Party?<br />
<br />
兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了……”<br />
<br />
Lanying argued: "His hat had been taken off…"<br />
<br />
“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样一个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣个黑锅背一辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
<br />
"Whether his hat had been taken off or not, it was all the same. If one has such a family, he could not shake it off. But you want to have the injustice and carry it for the rest of your life. How silly you are!"<br />
<br />
“我乐意……”<br />
<br />
"I don’t care…"<br />
<br />
“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍白,四肢麻木,像是一个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
<br />
"Don’t say any more! You are already his prisoner, standing on a cliff. You have to break off with him, and never meet him again. If he writes to you, you hand it over to the organization to deal with!" Lanying sat in a corner of the room, pale and numb, like a rebel on trial. What did she have to say? A simple-hearted girl confided in others the secret of love for the first time, who should receive happy congratulations. However, she received brutal reprimand and forced interferences, and it was useless to argue with them. She dragged herself back to the dormitory.<br />
<br />
更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她,好像她做了什么亏心事。一颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
<br />
What was harder to bear was the mute weight. Her classmates looked at her with scorn and whispered about her as if she had done something against conscience. A pearl once held in the palm of the hand suddenly became the object of ridicule, so that she tasted the fickleness of the world, the ups and downs of fate, and aroused a strong feeling of rebellion.<br />
<br />
她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨——爸爸生前的战友。<br />
<br />
She wrote a letter and sent it to an aunt in Hangzhou, a former comrade of her father.<br />
<br />
阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
<br />
The aunt soon sent a telegram, asking her to go to Hangzhou and talking with her face to face.<br />
<br />
兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空一样阴郁。<br />
<br />
When she arrived in Hangzhou, it was drizzling. The aunt took her to her residence, and was very hospitable with smile, trying to make her happy. However, Lanying's face looked sad, as gloomy as the sky.<br />
<br />
“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说，“我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
<br />
"What if you worry yourself into illness?” The aunt said, "Let me go out for a walk with you.”<br />
<br />
她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
<br />
They went to Orioles Singing in the Willows of the West Lake with an umbrella.<br />
<br />
西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
<br />
The West Lake was silvery gray in front of Lanying. The sky was silver, and the water was silver. The atmosphere was drifting with silver powder that looked like rain but not rain, which he could not feel, and her clothes seemed to be getting wet but not.<br />
<br />
兰英的眉心舒展 了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
<br />
Lanying felt more comfortable: "The scenery here is so beautiful!"<br />
<br />
“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢，”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍一个男朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证会喜欢他……”<br />
<br />
"It is worth coming here, right. There is another happy thing," said the aunt with a smile, "I’ll introduce to you a boyfriend. He is a member of the party and does confidential work in the army. He is handsome and you are well-matched in age. I’m sure that as long as you are willing to meet him, you are going to like him…"<br />
<br />
兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
<br />
Lanying was on the alert at once: "Did you invite me here just for this?"<br />
<br />
阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养感情嘛……”<br />
<br />
The aunt said: "I’m doing this for your own good. The relationship needs to be cultivated. You don’t have a relationship with him now, but you can cultivate it…"<br />
<br />
姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进一团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲径好像布满陷阱。一种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。给你!”<br />
<br />
The girl only felt that her chest was stuffed with a mess. The beautiful scenery of the West Lake had become nasty, and the winding path under her feet seemed to be fraught with pitfalls. A feeling of being fooled came over her, and she said angrily: "I don't want to see anyone. Here you are!"<br />
<br />
兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
<br />
Lanying shoved the umbrella into the aunt's hand, turned and ran away through the cold rain. Behind her, the lake water lapped at the shore, making a rhythmic sound, like heaving sighs…<br />
<br />
回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
<br />
Back to the residence, the first thing Lanying did was to pack things, ready to return to Suzhou. The aunt came over and said calmly, "Lanying, I know your temper. Once you have decided something, no one can persuade you…"<br />
<br />
“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
<br />
"I appreciate that you know it." The girl said tonelessly.<br />
<br />
“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好好谈谈吧……”<br />
<br />
"I have only one request." said the aunt, "Since you came to Hangzhou, it does not hurt to stay one more day. Let's talk about it in the evening…"<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
<br />
At night, Lanying and the aunt sat face to face by lamplight.<br />
<br />
“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I trust your eyes. The person you like must be good." The aunt said calmly. “Our party implements a policy of uniting and reforming intellectuals, and people like him still have a role to play."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "I thought the same thing…"<br />
<br />
“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们一些好处。打个比喻吧,好比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那些人再好,也不能使用。你多想一想吧……”<br />
<br />
"But let me tell you more detailed information." The aunt said, "At present, we do not have a team of intellectuals of our own. If we don’t rely on them, who can we rely on? If we want to use them, we have to give them some benefits. To use an analogy, it is like a jelly bean to coax children. The little sweetness will soon melt. When our own team grows up, they can’t be used anymore no matter how good they are. Think more about it…”<br />
<br />
姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头一次听说,在政策的背后还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
<br />
After the girl listened to the thorough analysis, she was bewildered. She heard for the first time that there were policies behind a policy. The infinite mysteries of life were enough for her to digest slowly.<br />
<br />
这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。一个势单力孤的女子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越 ,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为一个农家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
<br />
That night, Lanying lost sleep. At the deadest time of the night, she was thinking about the painter who was far away and gradually came to realize that there were more serious obstacles between them than ice, snow, storms, mountains and rivers. A weak woman, powerless to push away the weight of society, tradition and mentality, felt that the future was infinitely uncertain. Did the girl regret having fallen in love with him? She could not find a reason to condemn herself. Their love was witnessed by the green hill and bright moon, without a trace of dust. She could only regret that she came from a privileged background and was fully favored, so that her love was also shackled. The girl would rather be reborn again for him… She fell asleep in a daze and had a sweet dream that she was transformed into a farm girl and met the painter among the white mountain and the black water. The whole world was pure as if it was covered with silver and jade… When she woke up, she found that it was just a delusional dream. The fate had been doomed, and everything was irreversible. The girl was desperate, with hot tears like a broken line of beads, from the cheeks constantly rolling down...<br />
<br />
第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看一看就会明白的。”<br />
<br />
The next day, the aunt put a magazine in front of Lanying: "This is what I found from the library, you will understand if you read it."<br />
<br />
这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到一篇文章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的一小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的题目——<br />
<br />
It was a magazine of ''Fine Arts'' published in that year. With trembling hands, Lanying opened the pages and found an article. The article criticized an oil painting by Yuan Yunsheng and included a photo of it. What was that? The painting was shrunken into a small and pitiful piece that could not be seen clearly. The girl finally found the title of the painting--<br />
<br />
水乡记忆<br />
<br />
Memory of the Water Town<br />
<br />
“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
<br />
"It’s okay. It’s okay. It would burn if you continue frying it."<br />
<br />
“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
<br />
"Be gentle, don't let others hear it."<br />
<br />
“我先尝尝——哈,又香又脆!”<br />
<br />
"Let me taste it first--ha, it’s delicious and crispy!"<br />
<br />
“放开肚皮吧 ,反正不花钱……”<br />
<br />
"Tuck in. It doesn’t cost money anyway…"<br />
<br />
袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng lying in bed, heard the laughter, the sizzle of boiling oil, and the greedy sound of chewing from next door, along with the aroma of fried oil cakes, keeping him awake at night. <br />
<br />
这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择一处乡土气息浓厚的地区深入生活 ,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓库隔壁的一间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传口号消失了,生理本能在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是一出率先占有填充材料的喜剧。<br />
<br />
This was the warehouse of the production team, located in a small town near Suzhou. Not long ago, Yuan Yunsheng returned to the Central Academy of Fine Arts from Shuangqiao Farm, and got back to Professor Dong Xiwen's studio to learn from him. The teacher suggested him to choose an area with a strong local flavor to plunge into the thick of life, collecting materials for his graduation work. He came to a town in the regions south of the Yangtze River and was assigned to a hut next to the production team's warehouse as the accommodation. It was a time of national economic hardship, and the water town, which was praised as “the earthly paradise", was also facing the threat of starvation. The fanatical slogan that was once popular disappeared and physiological instincts took effect in people, which was first shown in the town's cadres. In order to fill a few people’s bellies, they went harm to the group, compressing others’ bellies. The late-night performance was a comedy of being the first to take possession of the filling material.<br />
<br />
袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng rolled over in bed, causing a few rats to crawl out beside the pillow and hop around on him.<br />
<br />
“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
<br />
"There’s a noise!" The man next door said, "Should we ask that painter to come?"<br />
<br />
“别理他!”<br />
<br />
"Don’t mind him!"<br />
<br />
……<br />
<br />
这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预一下也无可厚非 。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
<br />
This was the material of real life! Paint it. Since "art was subordinate to politics", there was nothing wrong with intervening in such life. The painter lay in bed, his heart flowing with the feeling of concerning for the country and the people.<br />
<br />
然而,夜间的梦寐 并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
<br />
However, the dream at night did not leave the painter with a deep impression. He had his own understanding of the function of art. He came here for pursuit of the beauty in life, and the dust of life could not cloud the artist's heart of gold. The place he went to during the day gave satisfaction to his pursuit. A few weeks later, he returned to Beijing with everything that he wanted.<br />
<br />
回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,一股不可遏制的创作冲动驱使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去一个晚上的时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
<br />
One day after returning to Beijing, he leaned on his bed and thought after dinner. An uncontrollable impulse of creation drove him to pick up the brush and readily draw on the draft paper, the tip of the brush as smooth as floating clouds and flowing water. In only one night, he sketched out his graduation work.<br />
<br />
他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
<br />
He took the sketch to visit Teacher Dong Xiwen. The teacher looked at it and said: "I think it is distinctive. The workload is not small. Get on with it!"<br />
<br />
他把行李卷、画布和油彩,一股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上一摊,不分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
<br />
He moved the bedding roll, canvases and oil paints into the large warehouse of the college. This warehouse was used to store large-scale cultural relics, including a tall stone camel, an excavated stone horse and a stone tiger in front of the tomb of the Han Dynasty general Huo Qubing. The floor was covered with thick dust, and the walls were covered with cobwebs, like a gloomy old castle. He spread the bedding roll on the floor, and worked day and night. The stone tiger and horse watched a young painter working like a maniac. Two months later, Yuan Yunsheng asked someone to help him lift out a huge oil painting.<br />
<br />
这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
<br />
The painting was titled ''Memory of the Water Town''.<br />
<br />
《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优 ”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的分数都不肯给。<br />
<br />
''Memory of the Water Town'' became the topic of conversation in the circle of art. The doyens of painting such as Dong Xiwen, Ye Qianyu and Huang Yongyu praised it, who argued that his graduation grade should be “excellent”. Some others shook their heads and frowned, refusing to give him even a passing grade.<br />
<br />
水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
<br />
What was the memory of the water town for the young painter?<br />
<br />
画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
<br />
In the picture is a small bridge common in Suzhou, which is the style of traditional architectural left over from the Ming Dynasty, with exquisite structure, decorated with delicate sculpted reliefs. The two sides of the bridge show the houses, streets and the lively scene of the market trading during the Spring Festival.<br />
<br />
看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。一个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开一张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。一个淳朴的小女孩刚才卖掉一只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着一桩桩美好的故事——人们在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
<br />
Look, there are people setting up the stage for Beijing opera performance, there are people selling New Year's pictures, and there are people selling grain and vegetables, so lively. A beautiful country girl spreads out a newspaper at her feet and sets bunches of flowers on it, expecting people to visit. A simple little girl has just sold a lamb. Perhaps because the cute little animal was fed by her hands when growing up, she sees it being taken away, showing a look of melancholy... With the strong national style and local customs and practices, the painter drew hundreds of lifelike characters, around the stone bridge to tell good stories -- people exchanged their results of hard work a year here, and were pleased and gratified by the rich and colorful folk recreations.<br />
<br />
桥下是一泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
<br />
Under the bridge is clear, rippling and sparkling. The dark-awninged boats, small wooden boats and barges carrying purchases for the Spring Festival are so close to each other, and brush past the others. The boatmen are all humble, avoiding each other, and quickly giving the way for the neighboring boats. A young man lies leisurely on the bow of the boat, the sunlight sprinkling over his face, and thinks with a vision of the future…<br />
<br />
这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举世无双的韧性——走向明天!<br />
<br />
Weren’t the small bridge and the river the reappearance of our national features! Our nation suffered a lot, and was at a very difficult time; however, our indomitable national spirit was not destroyed by the disaster. We were strong, confident and optimistic, emphasized courtesy, and maintained great dignity, with a slow rhythm, calm pace, and resilience that was unparalleled in the world--towards tomorrow!<br />
<br />
谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
<br />
Who could have guessed that the original idea of this painting was conceived in that hut in the water town, that shady with mice hopping around, adjacent to the evil. What a contrast between the hard work of the people, the innocence of the painter, and the greed, selfishness and deceit just a wall away! The painter brushed away the shadows of life, and used painting language to express his deep love for his country and people with good wishes. This was the self-analysis of the painter's mind and character!<br />
<br />
当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩 ,年画的敦厚朴实和壁画的装饰趣味。<br />
<br />
When ''Memory of the Water Town'' was put on public display, hanging in the auditorium of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, the response from the audience was enthusiastic. Some people left comments, some took pictures, and some copied it. Just in terms of its innovation in artistic style, people were amazed by it. The author put aside the "three unities" of plot devices of Western oil painting and the traditional perspective rules, and adopted the ingenious technique of cavalier perspective of Chinese painting, so as to make the independent stories on the picture blend together. When portraying the characters, the author masterly used the tools of Western oil painting, boldly used line modeling, and absorbed the exaggeration of the ancient art of pottery figurines to depict images of the figures with different expressions. The painting had the splendor and magnificence of oil painting, the exact delineation and heavy colors of Chinese painting, the sincerity and simplicity of New Year’s picture and the decorative interest of fresco. <br />
<br />
把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为一炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿了吧！<br />
<br />
It was the author's dream to integrate the ancient and modern, Chinese and Western painting arts into one. His dream should come true!<br />
<br />
但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
<br />
However, the fate of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was suddenly reversed, which was taken off the wall of the exhibition hall and thrown into the garbage dump where scraps were stored. Later, a young man who loved table tennis found its value and dragged it behind the table to use it as a baffle to block the ball. Later, a student from the art history department felt bad for it and secretly cut it down with a scissor, folded it up, and pressed it under the bed in the dormitory. However, the college reported it to the police in panic, bringing in the comrades in the department of public safety to enter the college to reconnoiter, as if searching for an indecent prohibited thing. Finally, the enthusiastic collector had to hand it over, and the campus loudspeaker immediately broadcasted that it was "another victory in paying great attention to class struggle".<br />
<br />
离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着一堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的路口只亮着一盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
<br />
Was it bizarre? Not really. The climate was changing, three years of hardship passed, the fairs trade in the countryside was banned, and the days of hunger were forgotten. Today's politics made new requirements on yesterday's art, and it was time for the painter to be spanked. The author of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was faced with lots of questions that he could never answer: Why didn't you paint a tractor? Why didn't you paint the wheat field with a good harvest? Why didn't paint… Among all the criticisms, no one had ever accused him of not painting the scene next door that night, though such phenomena were a well-known fact. There was only one green light at the intersection of literary criticism: turning left. The artist who stayed true to the art went straight ahead and was denounced as being too "right".<br />
<br />
中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出作者的艺术才能。”<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, once said with emotion: "If this painting had not been damaged, and had been put on display, I can predict that the audience would have rehabilitated him. Even in this tentative work, we can see the artistic talent of the author."<br />
<br />
只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世——其中也包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, the remains of the painting couldn’t be found. The only memorial it had left was a pathetically small picture, accompanied by a critical article that sounded plausible, published in a corner of ''Fine Arts''. The painter should feel honored that it was the first time his work had been made into a zincograph, and printed, spreading around the world--including the one in front of Lanying.<br />
<br />
月台边<br />
<br />
At the Edge of the Platform<br />
<br />
兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
<br />
The second morning Lanying spent in Hangzhou was the most painful time for her.<br />
<br />
阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子 ,还会累及子女。<br />
<br />
The aunt stood beside her as her guardian, and pointed to the magazine as if she had found a powerful proof. The aunt said that a man like Yuan Yunsheng would not correct his mistake, and others would not tolerate him. It would be a lifelong mistake to combine with him, never seeing the light in the future and implicating the children.<br />
<br />
那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘与画家结合 的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
<br />
The magazine did not frighten the girl’s love away, but made her feel the seriousness of the problem. It seemed that it was not only the aunt, the college, but also the whole society that prevented her from being bound with the painter. It seemed that everyone except the girl was cursing him and splashing dirty water on the painter. Did the girl still have the courage to go towards him? Talking about the future children, those innocent babies that would follow the adults and spend their whole life in the mud, Lanying's heart was softened.<br />
<br />
这是一场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
<br />
It was an irresistible spiritual siege. Lanying hunched over the table and burst into tears…<br />
<br />
阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效力,递过一支笔、一张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
<br />
Seeing the effect of her good intention, the aunt handed over a pen and a piece of paper: "Writing him a letter and making it clear, you’ll feel comfortable. If he really loves you, he will not give you trouble again…"<br />
<br />
兰英接过纸笔。<br />
<br />
Lanying took the paper and pen.<br />
<br />
她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家能够得到另一个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后一个字,信纸上满是斑斑泪痕。<br />
<br />
She wrote a very firm statement, cutting off communication with the painter, and didn’t explain anything. She took the responsibility, saying that she was willing to pay the lifelong price for her impulse and would never get married again. In her letter, she wished the painter to get another girl who would love him as much as she did… When she finished the letter, it was blotted with tears.<br />
<br />
阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
<br />
The aunt took it over to have a look and sighed: "Look, the handwriting was wet with tears. It’ll make him suspect that you are not really want to break up with him ......"<br />
<br />
“本来就是被迫的！”兰英没好气地说。<br />
<br />
"It was forced!" Lanying said angrily.<br />
<br />
阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
<br />
The aunt finally got the written pledge and was relieved, sealing the envelope with her own hands, sticking a stamp on it, and taking it to the post office.<br />
<br />
兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将把信撕得粉碎,一赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下 ,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净……<br />
<br />
Lanying returned to Suzhou from Hangzhou, and felt every day like a year, repeatedly imagining the painter's reaction. The painter would be furious, wouldn’t he? Lanying really did not want to add a new scar to the painter's heart, which had been badly wounded, so she did not write irritating words in the letter. But the painter would understand the reason for the change. The letter had already constituted a contempt and insult to him. Would he rip it up and decide not to write back in a fit of anger? Or would he bow to his fate and fall into a depression? Or, the girl's worries were superfluous. Men were men, who were easy come and easy go. He would wipe the girl out of his memory, completely forgetting her.<br />
<br />
兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
<br />
The last thing that Lanying wanted to happen was the latter situation.<br />
<br />
画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
<br />
The painter wrote back with stiff words. He agreed to break up, without a hint of a pleading tone, with only one last condition, asking Lanying to come to Changchun and explain the reason face to face.<br />
<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
<br />
Like hearing an echo from an empty valley, Lanying ran into the college office clasping the letter.<br />
<br />
姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
<br />
The girl placed the letter on the table and said: "Please allow me to go to Changchun."<br />
<br />
对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
<br />
After reading the painter's letter, the other party looked up and asked, "Is this the last meeting?"<br />
<br />
“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
<br />
"Yes." The girl said, "We're very determined."<br />
<br />
学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
<br />
The college could not say the reason for refusing the girl and let her go. On the day of the girl’s departure, the school made a long-distance call to Changchun, asking the painter's unit to cooperate and pay attention to the actions of Lanying and the painter, promoting both sides to break off the relationship.<br />
<br />
火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人头攒动的月台上,她一眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
<br />
The train was flying along, the vast fields passing outside the window. The girl was anxious. She was longing for the scenery of the Northeast in her dream before, but this journey didn’t leave any impression on her. She only remembered the moment the train arrived in Changchun, when she saw the painter with a pale face at a glance on the crowded platform.<br />
<br />
兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
<br />
When Lanying stepped out of the train, the painter was coming up. He still held the sketchbook in his hand, pretending to be calm. However, his tired and dark look, holding back great pain, could not escape the girl's keen eyes. It was exactly what the girl hoped to see, and a thrill of joy rose in her heart. <br />
<br />
画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
<br />
The painter stopped at the edge of the platform, keeping a few steps from the girl.<br />
<br />
“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
<br />
"Please answer now," the painter's voice was like the low roar of a wild animal, "why do you change your mind? Why do you bend to the will of others?"<br />
<br />
姑娘把旅行袋往前一递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听懂是什么意思。<br />
<br />
The girl handed her travel bag forward: "Do you think I come to Changchun to negotiate with you?" The painter was stunned, not understanding what it meant.<br />
<br />
“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑一趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
<br />
"You fool! If I want to break up with you, do I need to come all the way here?" The girl smiled sweetly, "There is a long way to go, and you need to be tested!"<br />
<br />
明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解——那些无尽无休的劝说、挑唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
<br />
The bright sunlight returned to the painter's face. He even forgot to pick up the girl's bag, and was so excited that he didn’t know what to do. The girl dodged back a little, really afraid that the guy who lost his mind in front of him would throw himself into her arms in full view of a large crowd with no regard for the customs of the country… The consensus reached the Changchun negotiation--those endless persuasions, instigation and restraint were really tiresome that decisive actions had to be taken to get rid of it.<br />
<br />
兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同财产,是一条印花双人床单。在一间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
<br />
Lanying and the painter married in the summer vacation after graduation. The wedding was held in Changchun, without relatives officiating, and classmates congratulating. The only gift they received was a blouse given by Yuan Yunfu to his sister-in-law; the new common property was a printed double bed sheet. In a temporary borrowed hut, they performed a solemn ceremony of life. Lanying spent her honeymoon in disassembling and washing the bedding for the former bachelor. The short honeymoon ended as Lanying's reporting date approached.<br />
<br />
人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
<br />
The Queen Mother of the world was not willing to give in after all, and deliberately laid a galaxy between them.<br />
<br />
兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽容——除了东北三省之外,其他任何一个城市都行。实心眼儿的 姑娘把手指放在地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
<br />
Lanying's place of work was chosen from the map. When she was assigned after graduation, the college gave her lenient conditions--any city except the three provinces of the northeast. The honest girl put her finger on the map and found the nearest place to the Northeast along the railway line. Her finger crossed Beijing, Tianjin, and rested on a small circle south of Shanhaiguan: Tangshan. She thought that it was the ideal crossing of the Milky Way on earth.<br />
<br />
她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着一块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生活无法自理。直到这时,她才感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
<br />
Not long after she arrived in Tangshan, she was caught in an "unprecedented" storm. With marches, rebellions, and two factions fighting with each other with machetes and spears, the whole city fell into primitive tribal strife. Lanying was alone and lived in uncertainty in troubled times. The annual visits to her husband comforted her a little in spirit. Later, she was pregnant. The overwork and poor living conditions caused Lanying to suffer from lumbar spine strain. Her back was like carrying a heavy iron plate, and she couldn’t roll over in bed. There was no one to make fires in the house, and the flimsy door and windows could not withstand the cold wind. The lumbar disease made her stiff and unable to take care of herself. By this time, she felt that she needed her husband by her side so much…<br />
<br />
画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到一份工作,又赶到唐山,好不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户口的证件。至此,他们已经两地分居六年了。<br />
<br />
The painter went around and asked, and finally found a job for his wife in a hospital in Changchun, and then rushed to Tangshan. With difficulty, he passed many hurdles and got the documents to switch his wife’s job and transfer her registered permanent residence. So far, they had been living apart for six years.<br />
<br />
兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西——优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。耿耿 银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
<br />
When Lanying sat on the train, the platform in Changchun moving in front of her eyes again, she could not help but have mixed feelings. For six years, she lost a lot of things out of her own volition--a bright future in politics, a beautiful youth and excellent conditions. The corners of her pretty eyes were covered with worry lines, and her beautiful cheeks became sallow with a gaunt appearance. She paid a huge price for the ordinary life of ordinary people, and a charge of "the family member of a rightist whose hat was taken off”. The Milky Way was in front of her, and there were the same strict rituals in heaven and on earth. <br />
<br />
陋室铭<br />
<br />
The Humble Room<br />
<br />
破木桌上摊开一张纸片,一只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
<br />
A piece of paper was spread out on the broken wooden table, and a small hand holding the brush, applied watercolor to the paper. Round, square and irregular blocks of color appeared under the brush, representing different still life: the round one was a washtub, the square one was an old wooden box, and the irregular one was a diaper on a clothesline…<br />
<br />
这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
<br />
It was the artist's son sketching. He was born in Changchun, and no matter how difficult the path of his parents' life was, he grew up according to the laws of nature, until he was old enough to grasp a brush with his little hand. <br />
<br />
小屋只有14平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, 一排大连铺占去三分之二的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
<br />
The house was only 14 square meters. A little sister added to the family, and four of them were crammed into a small space, with a large bed taking up two thirds of the area. The broken wooden table in front of the window was the dad's workbench at ordinary times, and the son's bed at night. The rest of the space was for cooking and washing clothes, and there was no extra space.<br />
<br />
眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
<br />
The artist's son had painted the scene in front of him more than once, which was his first subject of contact with life. This lovely third generation in new China repeatedly painted with the most beautiful colors in his young mind, and had accumulated dozens of sketches. Whenever the neighbors came to visit, he would take out his works and show them off in front of them. However, the comments he heard were very disappointing: "Alas, Lanying, why does your precious son only paint the slums?"<br />
<br />
兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
<br />
Lanying gave a wry smile. What could she say? All her son painted were things in her house.<br />
<br />
兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头一样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
<br />
After Lanying moved to Changchun, she took on heavy housework and lived a hard life. She was used to eating ready-made meals in the canteen before, and never cooked; by this time, she was distressed to find that it was more difficult to steam the corn cake without turning souring than to perform a surgical operation in the hospital. For a long time, the steamed corn cakes, steamed bread of corn and steamed buns that the whole family ate were unbearably sour and hard like stones. The children still gobbled them up as if they natively tasted like that.<br />
<br />
家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱一个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭 。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
<br />
The family's finances were tight. The total income of two college graduates could not keep up with the increase of family members and the rise of commodity prices. The son was lucky enough to eat cake for a few days when he was a child. When it was the daughter's turn, the parents could no longer afford to buy cakes, so they had to buy bread that was a dime per piece to give the children a treat. Later, the parents brought home discounted black bread. Even so, the children were so happy, smiling from ear to ear.<br />
<br />
他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
<br />
They pinched and scraped, but still spent more than their income. At the end of every month, Lanying and the painter would empty out their pockets face to face.<br />
<br />
“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, we haven't bought the meat for this month yet." Lanying said.<br />
<br />
“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
<br />
"Let’s buy it." The painter said, "It's Sunday. It’s time to improve a meal."<br />
<br />
妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服口袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
<br />
The wife had been penniless for a while. The painter turned his pockets inside out to scrap up enough money to buy a catty of meat.<br />
<br />
儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
<br />
The son, who had already prepared a small snow sled and waited there, took the money and ran away with joy.<br />
<br />
过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
<br />
After a while, the son's cheer came from the door: "Come on, the meat is bought back!"<br />
<br />
画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
<br />
The painter and his wife ran out to greet it, but they were stunned: "Where's the meat?"<br />
<br />
儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚才他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤肉颠得没影了……<br />
<br />
My son looked back and saw that the snow sled was empty. He was too happy and run too fast, the catty of meat tossed away…<br />
<br />
“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
<br />
As the "buyer" had never failed in his duty, he became downhearted this time. The painter and Lanying had to comfort their son, holding his embarrassed little face and laughing.<br />
<br />
儿子也笑了。一场精神上的欢笑 代替了假日的会餐。<br />
<br />
The son laughed too. A time of mirth in spirit replaced the holiday meal.<br />
<br />
在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, the so-called "spiritual aristocrats" were finding jobs for themselves. Some decorated the facade of restaurants and hotels, painting some pictures to exchange bottles of wine and whole cases of fish. Some were busy with their household sidelines, producing modern furniture by hand. Others worked as art tutors, and if the students they taught had good backgrounds, their situations would soon be improved. But Yuan Yunsheng did not get any "extra money" and did not look for a way out. He was very busy. He worked during the day, honestly completing the tasks given to him and trying not to be faulted; after he came back home at night, he indulged in painting, steeping himself in his beloved art, and didn’t have time to do the housework.<br />
<br />
在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似的想点办法?”<br />
<br />
At the most difficult time for the family, Lanying said to Yunsheng in a tentative tone, "Could you think of some ways like others?"<br />
<br />
“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
<br />
"Think of what?" The painter asked in amazement.<br />
<br />
“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合过得去……”<br />
<br />
"I don't ask for anything more." The wife said, "I mean, if possible, to make life at home barely get by..."<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head: "There is a way. But that would wreck my art!"<br />
<br />
妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题一搁,永远不再提起。<br />
<br />
The wife knew the weight of the word "art" in her husband's heart. The subject was put aside, and never mentioned again.<br />
<br />
兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥一顿饱一顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣服洗一洗吧。”<br />
<br />
Lanying was sick from exhaustion, tortured by the pain of lumbar spine strain, and sometimes had to stay in bed. Whenever it happened, the sky of the family collapsed and everything was in chaos. The whole family ate erratically; when the children's clothes were dirty, they didn’t have others to change; the sheets were splattered with the painter's oil, like a canvas of an abstract painter... As a medical worker, Lanying had minimum requirements for sanitation. She could not tolerate it anymore, lying in bed and commending the painter: "Wash the sheets and clothes today."<br />
<br />
“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干一场。<br />
<br />
"Okay." The husband obediently put down the brush and rolled up his sleeves as if he was about to get some things done.<br />
<br />
他把床单和衣服泡了满满一盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他一忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;一忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
<br />
He soaked a full tub of sheets and clothes. As he washed, his hands on the washboard slowed down, and his eyes rested on the opposite wall. There hung a new painting, with the oil not yet dry. One minute he tilted his head sideways, looking pleased with himself; the next he frowned, as if he had found something unsatisfactory.<br />
<br />
他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
<br />
He stood up sharply, wiped his soapy hands on his breast, took a brush, and jumped on the bench, making some changes on the painting.<br />
<br />
兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过一丝苦笑。<br />
<br />
Lanying lay on the bed, with a wry smile flitting across the corner of his mouth.<br />
<br />
画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
<br />
The painter jumped off the bench and went back to the washtub. After a while, he couldn't help looking up at the wall again...<br />
<br />
一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,一共跳了多少次?”<br />
<br />
The day passed. He finally finished washing a tub of clothes, taking more than seven hours on it, and did not have time to cook. The whole family was hungry. Lanying, angry and amused, asked humorously, "Hey, how many times did you jump up and down from the bench?"<br />
<br />
画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
<br />
The painter shook his head blankly.<br />
<br />
兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪——整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
<br />
Lanying said: "You do not remember. I counted it for you--twenty times! Oh, what am I gonna do about you? When doing housework, you are lazy than anyone; when picking up the brush, you are more diligent than anyone..."<br />
<br />
天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入睡;儿子一沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另一只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
<br />
It was dark, and snow fell heavily outside the window, like tearing the cotton wool. Lanying, looking at the ceiling, wasn’t able to sleep; as soon as her son touched the pillow, he fell into a sound and sweet sleep. In the other corner of the hut, under the dim light, the painter was rocking his daughter with one hand, while the other hand was holding a brush and painting. He hummed an improvised lullaby, the song echoing softly in the hut...<br />
<br />
漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
<br />
They spent many nights like this in the long winter.<br />
<br />
兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为一个正直的画家的妻子的全部甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
<br />
The husband’s humming rang in Lanying’s ears, and she silently sank in thought. When she first fell in love with him, she admired his integrity and loyalty to art. Now, she had experienced all the joys and sorrows of being the wife of an upright painter. He was content with being poor and lonely. He didn’t have a normal family life, couldn’t see the light at the end of the tunnel, only asking for work, not the harvest... Who but his wife really understood him? He not only was not understood by the society, but he was also identified as a bad man, with sticks always waving above his head. Whenever thinking of these, the pain of the poor couple's disharmony dissipated, and the wife's heart turned into a spring water, full of female tenderness.<br />
<br />
她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
<br />
She thought, if two people shared the housework, they would get nothing done. Even if she had a terrible backache tomorrow, she had to bite the bullet and get up, bearing the heavy load of housework...<br />
<br />
车轮下<br />
<br />
Under the Wheels<br />
<br />
袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng slept late at night and when he rubbed his eyes the next morning, it was already broad daylight outside the window. "Shit!" He dressed frantically, "I'll be late again..."<br />
<br />
兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为一家人做早饭。<br />
<br />
Lanying had already got up, enduring the back pain, and was making breakfast for the family.<br />
<br />
画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
<br />
The painter asked in amazement, "Who told you to get up? You are not well yet!"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺一躺。”画家匆匆吃过早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
<br />
Lanying said, "It's nothing, I'm still on sick leave anyway. I can still lie down after you leave." The painter hurriedly ate the breakfast, pushed the bicycle and rushed out the door.<br />
<br />
在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过一场大雪,北风一刮,马路上结着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, it was the season when dripping water turned into ice and the breath from the mouth immediately turned to frost. After a heavy snowfall, and when the north wind blew, the roads were thick with ice. The trees on the roadside were covered with silver flowers, and the buildings shone with a dazzling silver glow like a richly decorated jade palace.<br />
<br />
画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命 的时刻。<br />
<br />
The painter was very anxious. Early in the morning, for others was the beginning of the day's work, but for him was the continuation of the night's work. The turn of day and night was the moment when he was busy running around and exhausted.<br />
<br />
人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
<br />
How many ordeals there were in life! Social, natural and accidental...<br />
<br />
穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽听一阵隆隆的马达声。一辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
<br />
Through a street, there was a busy intersection ahead, cars running like the tide. He rode forward cautiously, and suddenly heard a rumble of motors. A reckless truck crossed the intersection, refusing to slow down, as if there was no one else there. <br />
With fast speed, slippery ground, and without preparation, the painter had been too late to dodge it. A crush with a sound of bang, the painter flew far away with the car and fell to the ground. Just then, another truck came from the opposite side, and the painter was passed under the wheels of the truck like a ball...<br />
<br />
街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
<br />
When the people in the street saw this scene of tragedy, they screamed and froze there.<br />
<br />
卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
<br />
The truck driver lost his composure, forgetting to brake in the panic, and putting his right foot on the accelerator and drove on. The truck's big wheels ran over the bicycle, the steel frame uttered a short groan, and the bicycle seat was crushed into a ball. The truck kept going towards the painter.<br />
<br />
这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸口一轧,就算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
<br />
It was a moment of pain, a moment of approaching death. It was over. As soon as the car rolled over his chest, his life was over. He had suffered repeatedly on the road of life, and had never been willing to give in to the fate, but this time he was afraid that he would not be able to escape. He left his beloved art, his wife and children, and died meaninglessly...<br />
<br />
按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同情——预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头——抗争！<br />
<br />
According to Goethe, people could only have three feelings about their own sufferings and that of others: fear, terror and sympathy--the anxiety of foreseeing the coming catastrophe, the unexpected discovery of current suffering and the sympathy for the suffering of the time or the past. However, the painter, who fell under the wheel, had none of these three feelings in the hazy consciousness that flashed through his mind. Even at such a moment, he showed his stubborn character, and had only one strong thought--to struggle!<br />
<br />
接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
<br />
What happened next was unbelievable to the startled roadside pedestrians. They saw the body that fell under the truck suddenly straightened up, stretching out a pair of arms, and clinging to the front bumper of the truck. The truck roared and shook, as if to destroy the barrier; the person under the wheels struggled, slid, and refused to give up. People in the streets of Changchun saw a scene of flesh and blood stubbornly fighting with the steel monster.<br />
<br />
“千万不能倒下！”画家想,“一倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
<br />
"I must not fall down!" The painter thought, "If I fall down, I'll never get up again..."<br />
<br />
卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
<br />
The truck dragged the painter along the icy road, for 5 meters, 10 meters... Until the driver regained his normal reflexes, he hit the brake, overcoming the car's inertia.<br />
<br />
画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
<br />
The painter was injured seriously and his clothes were torn into ragged strips. He was taken to the hospital.<br />
<br />
抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天才清醒过来。<br />
<br />
When Lanying, who was sick at home, heard the news, there was a buzz in her head, and she felt that the sky was spinning, and her legs went limp. It took her a long time to wake.<br />
<br />
兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾一切地赶到医院。存车的时候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙怎么也拔不出来。<br />
<br />
Lanying got on her bicycle and, not knowing where she got the strength, she rushed to the hospital regardless. When she stored the car, she lost strength again. She could hardly look at the hospital door, her hands were shaking, and she could not pull the key out.<br />
<br />
存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚才进医院的时候,自己还能走路。”<br />
<br />
The old lady at the parking lots recognized Lanying: "You are Yuan's lover, right? Don't be afraid. He just walked into the hospital by himself."<br />
<br />
兰英这才觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
<br />
Lanying felt relieved now.<br />
<br />
兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫妻双双躺在床上。<br />
<br />
Lanying took her husband home to recover from his injuries. After this mental stimulation, the sick wife’s body was heavier. Both the couple lay in bed.<br />
<br />
孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和女儿一人捧回一包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
<br />
The child was left unattended. Lanying took out a few cents and asked the children to buy food. After a while, the son and daughter each brought back a packet of cookies, standing by the bed with tears in their eyes.<br />
<br />
儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
<br />
The son said, "Dad, eat this."<br />
<br />
女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
<br />
The daughter said, "Daddy, eat mine."<br />
<br />
兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿......<br />
<br />
Lanying took the children into her arms, wiping away the tears on their little faces for both of them. The children understood the family situation and tasted the desolation and fears of life too soon. Lanying only regrated that she couldn’t have more money to give her husband and children a little spiritual and physical compensation...<br />
<br />
画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰问。他们留下一百块钱赔偿经济损失——画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
<br />
While the painter was recovering from his injuries, the driver who caused the accident and the head of his unit came to his house to apologize and express sympathy. They left a hundred yuan to compensate for the economic loss--the painter's clothes, bicycle and medical expenses.<br />
<br />
客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
<br />
After the guests left, the painter sat on the bed, deep in thought.<br />
<br />
兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看一眼也令人伤心。<br />
<br />
Lanying looked at the pile of money and sighed sadly. Because her husband got it by escaping from death, she was sad even by glancing at it.<br />
<br />
画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
<br />
The painter suddenly got out of bed and paced around the house.<br />
<br />
“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, are you crazy?" His wife said with the tone of blame, "Your leg is not yet healed. Back to bed!"<br />
<br />
画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民——我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去！”<br />
<br />
The painter walked up to his wife, his eyes shining with excitement, "Look, I can walk! You know, I haven't gone out to paint for a long time, because I don't have that condition. How I long for the grassland in northern Shaanxi, the rushing Yellow River, and the people there--I'll take this money and go to Yan'an to paint from life!"<br />
<br />
这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是一个贫病交困的人的最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对一些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那样遥远,拼着性命才能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
<br />
This was the voice in the heart of the artist who just got up from under the wheel! This was the highest hope of a poor and sick man! His request was so limited, which didn’t matter to some people, but was so far away for him, who needed to fight for it with his life. Lanying felt like her chest was hit hard, with her heart burning, and ran out of words. She looked at her husband's sincere face, and understood it. Now that it could bring joy and satisfaction to him who longed to paint, then let him go.<br />
<br />
数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
<br />
A few days later, Yuan Yunsheng, dragging his unhealed body, carrying a heavy pack and painting tools, set off on a snowy and windy road with his wife's affectionate gaze...<br />
<br />
袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng went through difficulties on the trip to northern Shaanxi. As months went by, his face was engraved with the marks of the plateau sun and sandstorms, and he returned home with his bag full of sketches.<br />
<br />
袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,一举一动都受到街道居委会的监视。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing, he went to see Jiang Feng. At that time, the air in Beijing was suffocating. Jiang Feng was over 60 years old, whose situation was even worse than before. He lived alone in a messy compound, and his every move was monitored by the street committee.<br />
<br />
袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没有什么值得高兴的——中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路线走一遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng sat in front of the past the secretary of the Party Committee, bringing recent news of the old areas of northern Shaanxi. The news was nothing to cheer about--the People's Republic of China had been founded for more than twenty years, and everywhere he went along the route of the Red Army’s strategic shift, the people were still living in poverty. The young painter declaimed against the country’s failings, but suddenly thought that the walls have ears, and worried about the situation of the old man, so he dropped the subject and quietly looked at Jiang Feng.<br />
<br />
江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上挂着一幅画框,嵌着一张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng listened peacefully, looking calm, and had not intention of stopping him. On the wall behind him hung a framed sketch, which was exactly the one that Yuan Yunsheng painted for Jiang Feng in the Shuangqiao farm ten years ago. The old man maintained his inherent dignity as usual, and was a true tough man. Yuan Yunsheng experienced once again the spiritual power that calmed people down.<br />
<br />
袁运生打开画夹,把一组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng opened the portfolio and placed a group of sketches of people in northern Shaanxi in front of Jiang Feng, including a shepherd with a wrinkled face, a young people with a cold gaze showing disdain for everything, and a rural girl with her head bowed in contemplation... These characters were real and simple, with distinctive characters, and the unprovoked, unintelligible or artificial smiles that often appeared in general paintings could not be found on their faces. He painted the unique temperament of the people in northern Shaanxi.<br />
<br />
“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
<br />
"No one will publish these pictures if you take them out now." Jiang Feng said, "Maybe if you lose sincerity, you will get praise. But I think you are on the right way. The artist can't cater to the mass!"<br />
<br />
袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手一丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out another long scroll of landscape, 68 centimeters wide and more than 400 centimeters long. This painting depicted the lofty Jiaji Pagoda, the flowing water of the Yellow River that broke the ice, and the vast plateau scenery. It took him two whole days to stand in the cold wind and meticulously paint it with his frozen hands, and the strokes were rigorous and majestic.<br />
<br />
画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于1974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
<br />
In one corner of the picture were noted a few lines of small characters: "Written two days after painting at the end of December 1974, when the Yellow River water just broke the ice and flowed on."<br />
<br />
江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他说:“呵,黄河!一泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声音……"<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng extremely liked it after looking at it. The familiar scenery in northern Shaanxi in the picture evoked the strong feelings of the veteran of Yan’an. He said, "Oh, Yellow River! Flowing down vigorously, rushing and surging, and stirring up lofty high raging waves. I seem to hear its voice again..."<br />
<br />
春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了!<br />
<br />
The day finally came like the spring water breaking through the ice and fire erupting from the heart of the earth!<br />
<br />
担担画<br />
<br />
Shoulder Pole Painting<br />
<br />
“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
<br />
When the "Gang of Four" disappeared from political life, the art world burst into life.<br />
<br />
美术界一些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头角,施展才华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是一个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。这个磨砺精深的艺术家，就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
<br />
Some upright men in the art world sympathized with Yuan Yunsheng, whose talent had been buried for many years, and hoped that he could show his talent again. Zhang Ding, the president of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, wrote specially to recommend him to paint. Fei Zheng, who was now the vice chairman of the Hebei Art Association, also made an effort to help him. However, all these efforts were mildly rebuffed and turned back by various excuses. It was clear that Yuan Yunsheng's name was still an ominous thing, subject to indifference and discrimination. This artist with superb painting skills did not even have the opportunity to draw a comic book.<br />
<br />
乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
<br />
Even when it's warmer there is still a chill. It is most difficult to keep well.<br />
<br />
在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,一头不驯服的长发如垂下万根烦恼丝 。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
<br />
In his humble room in Changchun, Yuan Yunsheng was drawing a portrait of himself with a brush in his hand in front of a mirror. A head full of sadness appeared on the sketch, with deep creases, a weed-like beard, and long untamed hair such as hanging down ten thousand trouble silk. His hair was very long and he didn’t have time to care about it, so rarely trimmed it. This appearance, from the personality of the art, matched the painter's difficult state of mind and stubborn temperament... He was nearly forty years old. Since the criticism of ''Memory of the Water Town'', he had not painted a picture according to his own will for more than ten years. How could it not make him have thousands of trouble silk!<br />
<br />
他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
<br />
He threw down his paintbrush irritably and picked up a novel to kill time.<br />
<br />
兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
<br />
Every time Lanying returned home, she always asked with concern, "Yunsheng, have you got any news?"<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head, and the wife sighed.<br />
<br />
兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
<br />
Lanying was already a middle-aged woman. She gave birth to a third child and shouldered the burden of a family of five. On the family agenda, Lanying's main concern was still her husband's art. Art brought joy to her husband, and his joy was her joy. She also waited with the same anxiety.<br />
<br />
1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
<br />
In May 1978, the enthusiastic efforts of a few friends finally paid off, and Yuan Yunsheng got a chance to go out sketching in the beautiful Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province.<br />
<br />
他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了妻子,全家人像过节一样快乐。<br />
<br />
When he received the telegram from Yunnan People's Publishing House, he was ecstatically happy. He immediately told his wife this excellent thing and the whole family was happy just like at a festival.<br />
<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
<br />
His son asked curiously, "Dad, what does Xishuangbanna look like?"<br />
<br />
“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
<br />
"Beautiful!" He said with a smile, "I'll show you the picture I paint when I came back."<br />
<br />
女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
<br />
His daughter tugged at his coat: "Dad, what good things are there in Xishuangbanna?"<br />
<br />
“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
<br />
"There’s a lot of fruit." He stroked his daughter's head, "I'll buy some for you to eat."<br />
<br />
他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
<br />
He was busy packing and organizing his painting tools, making a big mess, and he could not wait to start on his way.<br />
<br />
兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying looked at the things spread all over the floor and asked in amazement: "Why do you bring so many things?"<br />
<br />
丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注一掷了!”<br />
<br />
Her husband said, "It's a rare opportunity, so I need to go for broke!"<br />
<br />
是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使一颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴一样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
<br />
Yes, this painter had been treated coldly for many years. If you think about his action of picking himself up from under the wheel and going to northern Shaanxi that year, you can understand his feelings at this moment. He was eager to go deeply into life and considered it more important than life. Now, a publishing unit sent a formal invitation to him, which made the heart of a man who was loyal to art ablaze like dry firewood.<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,一针针,一线线,直缝到天色薄明。<br />
<br />
In the evening, Lanying found some old cloth and sewed a backpack for her husband under the lamp, needle by needle, thread by thread, until the break of dawn.<br />
<br />
“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
<br />
"How long will you go this time?" Lanying asked.<br />
<br />
“三个月吧。”画家说,“你一个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
<br />
"About three months." The painter said, "Can you take after three children alone?"<br />
<br />
妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
<br />
The wife smiled: "I'm satisfied that you can think of my difficulties..."<br />
<br />
这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府——景洪。他被西双版纳惊人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁着珠光宝气。<br />
<br />
In May of that year, Yuan arrived at Jinghong, the capital of Xishuangbanna, on the banks of the Lancang River. He was deeply shocked by the amazing beauty of Xishuangbanna. When he looked up, everywhere was rich green, and everywhere was picturesque. <br />
The forest was as green as emerald, the valley was like being paved with green velvet, the river was like flowing congealed fat, and the moist air also felt like crystal. No wonder the Dai people compared Xishuangbanna to a shining jewel. The mountains and waters here were glittering with pearls.<br />
<br />
有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
<br />
Who could feel the beauty of life better than a painter? There were so many beautiful sceneries, as if he came to the paradise in hope. The creator of nature seemed to have a special love for this land and poured out the romantic colors of the world everywhere, so that he feasted his eyes on it and he was ecstatic!<br />
<br />
他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地 。招待所的服务人员很有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进一间中等客房。<br />
<br />
He checked in the Jinghong hostel and took a break, preparing to go deeper into the Xishuangbanna. The hostel staff received the painter politely, leading him into a moderate room.<br />
<br />
画家开口就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "How much does this room cost for one day?"<br />
<br />
服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
<br />
The staff said, "Two yuan and a half."<br />
<br />
“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
<br />
"Is there any room cheaper?"<br />
<br />
“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"There is one for seventy dimes a day."<br />
<br />
“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"Good! I’ll check in this room."<br />
<br />
他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下一步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
<br />
He was used to being careful with his money. When he left Changchun, he borrowed a limited amount of money from his unit. He spent a large part of it in the road, and the next economic source was still unknown... The painter plunged into the thick of life and everyone lived well, but he was willing to live in the bottom.<br />
<br />
幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
<br />
Fortunately, Fei Zheng supported him again, sending him 300 yuan from Hebei. This was three-quarters of Fei Zheng's demobilization fee. This timely and generous support gave Yuan Yunsheng the courage to move forward.<br />
<br />
云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
<br />
The Yunnan People's Publishing House assigned a young editor to accompany Yuan Yunsheng to paint. When the Dai boy came to meet him at the hostel, the painter took out everything he had brought from Changchun.<br />
<br />
好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有140多斤重。小伙子看了直抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
<br />
My goodness! The big wooden box contained 18 pieces of plywood, several big bundles of manuscript paper, and a backpack as big as a sack, which was stuffed with pigments, painting tools and daily necessities... They weighed more than 140 pounds altogether. The young man scratched the back of his head after looking at them. He couldn’t imagine how the painter carried them off the train and took them into the dense forests of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out a shoulder pole, smiling at the young man.<br />
<br />
瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
<br />
Look how proud he was, as if he wanted to take the natural scenery of Xishuangbanna into his bag. A few days later, he picked this bent shoulder pole, into the lush subtropical jungle...<br />
<br />
奏鸣曲<br />
<br />
Sonata<br />
<br />
瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
<br />
Look, that was the big banyan tree! Its crown was like clouds that could shelter against the sun, as a solemn and benevolent old grandmother.<br />
<br />
呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
<br />
Ah, that was the areca nut tree, straight and tall, and the local young men and women used it to symbolize everlasting love.<br />
<br />
那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝一样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
<br />
That was the sandalwood tree, whose branches and leaves were as thin as hair. It looked so dashing, like a poet reciting poetry with his hair hanging down.<br />
<br />
就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
<br />
Even the bamboo forest here was different. It was luxuriant and verdant, growing in clusters, like a peacock showing its tail.<br />
<br />
西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在一棵树前,一画就是一整天。<br />
<br />
The plants in Xishuangbanna were the most beautiful! The abundant sunshine and humid climate gave the plant population a particularly rich, dense, and graceful image. The world here was unparalleled, and was looked full of beautiful things. The painter had to suppress his excitement, to gather his feelings and to retain his feelings more precisely in a slower way. He stood in front of a tree and painte all day.<br />
<br />
“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
<br />
"Hey, what kind of tree is that?" The painter asked his fellow editor.<br />
<br />
“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
<br />
"It's called the pattra-leaf tree." The young man enthusiastically introduced, "The Dai people use its leaves instead of paper, and many ancient folklores are recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra."<br />
<br />
袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。每一笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理睬......<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng spread out the paper and painted the unique canopies of the pattra-leaf tree, which were in order, as if the tree wore an armor made of metal chains. Each brush stroke played its role, showing the vitality of green life in layers on the paper. The tropical sun was shooting flames above the painter's head, and it was very hot that beads of sweat oozed from his head. Swarms of insects flew out of the grass and could not be driven away. His legs were red and felt itchy from being bitten. He shook his head helplessly and simply ignored them...<br />
<br />
中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来才深有感受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
<br />
At noon, the young man brought two glutinous rice cakes and thrust them into the painter's hand: "I deeply feel that painting is really a hard job when I come out with you."<br />
<br />
画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在一起的......”<br />
<br />
The painter said with a smile, "Beauty and bitter are always linked together..."<br />
<br />
他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
<br />
They had been staying in a Dai family's bamboo hut. The painter got to know the customs of this warm and kind ethnic group from the perspective of daily life.<br />
<br />
每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
<br />
Every day after dinner, the painter came out of the bamboo hut and went to the forest glade. This was the most charming moment in Xishuangbanna. The sunset glow tinted the village, the treetops, and the water of Lancang River red. A group of Dai girls came slowly, carrying small spinning wheels on their shoulders, small lanterns in their hands, and their tight and floor-length dresses swaying with the wind. They were so slender, so light on their feet, and so graceful, as if a group of beautiful fairies had descended from the sky.<br />
<br />
“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露一截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后一盘,自然地溜向一边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
<br />
"So beautiful!" The painter expressed his feeling to the companion, "Look, those girls' girdles, golden and silver, are like exquisite crafts. But I will never paint their girdles, which will separate the body and destroy the integrity of it. I prefer their natural dressing. See, those girls' dressing is very natural. Their jackets are short, their skirts are long, and a part of the waist is exposed between the jacket and the skirt, which is a high level of aesthetic point of view, making them look slim and tall, pavilion... And look at their hairstyle, tying the hair into a bun, which is naturally slipped to one side. It has got a real Tang style! This ethnic group is amazing. They know best the beauty of details..."<br />
<br />
少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来一阵阵悠扬的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
<br />
The girls dispersed to all corners of the forest glade. Small groups of boys came out of nowhere, and gathered around the girls, talking and laughing. Through the twilight, an orange lantern was lit, and there came the sound of spinning wheels. Dai women had known since childhood not to rely on their parents but to rely on hard-working hands to prepare their own dowry. They were weaving happy love.<br />
<br />
诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就在苦苦思索一个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
<br />
The poetic atmosphere of the southern border was knocking on the window of the artist's inspiration. Whenever such a moment came, Yuan Yunsheng was thinking hard about a question: What was the master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
<br />
Was beauty in your colorful appearance and jewelry with pearls and jades? Painted your face, but could not paint your unique charm; collapsed at your feet, only acting as a servant of the naturalism.<br />
<br />
面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我感受却不尽相同。一百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,一百种不同的表现方法。<br />
<br />
Faced with the same object, the images on different painters’ retinas were the same; however, their own feelings were not the same. A hundred painters could have a hundred different answers, and a hundred different methods of expression.<br />
<br />
艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。 <br />
<br />
Art was valued for having a "self". He was looking for “his” own Xishuangbanna.<br />
<br />
从夏末到中秋,他在一串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勐定的一个偏僻的小村寨。<br />
<br />
From late summer to mid-autumn, he left his footprints in a string of pearl-like place names, and then came to a small remote village in Mengding.<br />
<br />
这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本寨的荣耀。<br />
<br />
The painter's visit caused a sensation in the small cottage, where apparently few guests had visited. During the evening meeting, the whole village cast warm and curious glances at him with laughter and noise, as if his arrival was an honor for the village.<br />
<br />
同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无力同病魔斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是“鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者一商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
<br />
The fellow editor told him that the village was called "Ghost Village". Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Dai people could not fight against illnesses. If someone was ill, it was said that he was possessed by a "ghost". When someone in the same village was pointed out to be the incarnation of the "ghost", several "respected" elders would immediately drive him out after discussion. Over time, those who were driven out formed a village, gathering a group of people who were discriminated against.<br />
<br />
“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的一瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
<br />
The sufferings of the people in the "ghost village" drew the deep sympathy of the painter. The painter cast a friendly glance at them and found that the people here had beautiful looks. If the Dai ethnic group was a beautiful ethnic group, this village was the essence of beauty. The girls like flowers, the charming women, the sturdy young men, all of whom were happy to accept the painter's request to make a sketch of themselves. Later, they simply came to the painter's home and stood in front of him with good grace, hoping to attract his attention. The painter was so busy that he waved his hand without a break. They loved beauty by nature and were proud of it.<br />
<br />
小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在一起进餐,然后由男方挑着担子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像一泓溪水那样清澈。<br />
<br />
Life in the small village was calm and quiet. The painter lived for many days and he didn't hear of any family quarrel. Men and women were financially independent of each other, and earned income, daily necessities, and working tools were clearly divided. When there were rifts in a family, the woman usually proposed to move away. The whole family sat quietly together for a meal before her departure, and then the man carried the pole to see her off. They treated each other with respect. The old and young were in harmony with each other. The young generation respected the elders and served them with courtesy; the elders took care of the younger generation, but never rigidly restrain them... What a simple relationship between them! It was not polluted by the secular society, as clear as a stream.<br />
<br />
一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
<br />
After a day’s work, the young men and women danced the Elach on the green grass. Joyful drumbeats and the crisp sound of gongs created a distinctive rhythm. The girls formed a queue, stepping gracefully and stretching their soft arms. They had reserved and self-respecting looks with a solemn yearning in the haze. What were they yearning for?<br />
<br />
这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在古老的贝叶经里的传说——从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑娘们生出一计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头一沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
<br />
This was a common dance in the Water-Sprinkling Festival. The Dai editor who accompanied the painter told the painter a legend recorded in the ancient the Pattra-leaf Sutra--once upon a time there was an ugly demon Lord who wanted to take the beautiful girls from each village for himself. He plundered six girls and wanted to take the seventh one, which was hated by the Dai people. The girls came up with a plan to get him drunk and asked him, "What are you most afraid of?" The devil said that he was afraid of nothing. He could only be strangled with his hair, but he could be reborn when his head touched the ground... The girls strangled his head while he was drunk. In order to keep his head from touching the ground, the girls took turns to hold his head in their hands. The annual Water-Sprinkling Festival was to celebrate the people's victory over devilry and to wash away the dirty stains left behind by the demon Lord, so that the spring of freedom and happiness was always in the hearts of the Dai people...<br />
<br />
晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
<br />
At night, the painter returned to the bamboo hut. The moonlight was bright and the shadow of trees was dancing, like flowing mercury pouring in front of the door. On this silent night, he could not sleep for a long time.<br />
<br />
广为流传的神话传说,往往是一个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑海里汇集,逐渐熔化为一团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西双版纳。这是一个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条——单纯与丰富高度和谐地统一!<br />
<br />
Widespread myths and legends were often the windows to the mind of an ethnic group. The story about the origin of the Water-Sprinkling Festival deepened the painter's understanding of this ethnic group who loved beauty. Since he set foot on the land of Xishuangbanna, the mountains, rivers, forests, people and landscapes he saw were like countless colorful light spots, whirling and flickering, gathering in his mind, and gradually melting into a bright flame, which rose from the canopy of thinking. Oh! The master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna, wasn’t the spiritual power of the Dai people to worship a better future and great love? Their hearts were so clean that they always kept their ethnic group’s nature of purity. So, the colorful and vibrant plants, and the natural and simple Dai women with their unique beauty constituted the painter’s general image of Xishuangbanna: "my" own Xishuangbanna. This was a world of lines, soft and elastic lines, unrestrained and smooth lines, upright and beautiful lines, and also tangled and slow lines like gossamers--simplicity and richness were highly harmonious!<br />
<br />
他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的一组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
<br />
He waved lines and made hundreds of line-drawing paintings. If the heavy color painting was compared to the symphony, the line drawing was the solo of lines. Yuan Yunsheng's artistic style, which was formed through years of honing, showed a fantastic charm in the solo of lines. It was a set of passionate sonatas that he dedicated to the Dai people with sincere feelings.<br />
<br />
昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
<br />
Kunming held an exhibition for Yuan Yunsheng. His paintings were delivered to the Yunnan People's Publishing House for selection and editing. The foreword written for him by the editor Liu Shaohui began with a few lines from the Dai folk narrative poem ''The Gourd Letter''.<br />
<br />
公主啊!<br />
<br />
O Princess!<br />
<br />
你是一颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
<br />
You are a brilliant jewel,<br />
<br />
但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
<br />
I wish I were a silversmith,<br />
<br />
把宝石镶在我的心上......<br />
<br />
Setting the jewel in my heart...<br />
<br />
他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
<br />
He praised Yuan Yunsheng for setting the "jewel" of Xishuangbanna in his heart.<br />
<br />
二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
<br />
For more than twenty years, it was the first time Yuan Yunsheng heard an affirmation of his art.<br />
<br />
袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
<br />
During his stay in Yunnan, Yuan Yunsheng constantly received letters from his wife, who told him they were safe.<br />
<br />
兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
<br />
What Lanying said in the letter made the painter felt like drinking a glass of sweet spring water, cool and delicious, soothing and cheerful when he read each letter. At the end of his wife's letters, there were always these lines: "Don't worry about the family. Paint your paintings, and if you can't finish them, you don't have to hurry back..."<br />
<br />
画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
<br />
The painter smiled with relief. During his busy days in Xishuangbanna, his main worry was "the fire in the backyard", but his wife's letter lifted his worries.<br />
<br />
其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
<br />
In fact, it was an eventful year. A wind of earthquakes blew in Changchun, and the whole city was in a panic. People were busy building quake-proof shelters, moving things, and transferring to shelters.<br />
<br />
画家在长春的一个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁愕然了。<br />
<br />
A friend of the painter in Changchun, thinking of the painter's wife and children, rushed to their home to visit. He was stunned.<br />
<br />
这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出一个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗震棚挪动着……<br />
<br />
The humble room was as it had been, and the furniture and sundries were not organized. The children were playing with their heads down. Lanying, bending over and sweating, dragged out a heavy wooden box full of the painter's paintings from the house, and moved it to the nearby quake-proof shelter...<br />
<br />
显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
<br />
Obviously, this was the most precious thing in the heart of the painter's wife. She knew the painter's hardship best, understanding the value of art from the hardships of it.<br />
<br />
朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道。<br />
<br />
The friend's heart trembled with excitement. Lanying still did not tell her husband about this. If his friend had not later recounted the scene he saw, he would never have known.<br />
<br />
壁画之梦 <br />
<br />
The Dream of Murals<br />
<br />
不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。 <br />
<br />
At some point, through the glass window covered with ice flowers, a hazy blue light came in, like a fairy stretching out her white arms and lifting the veil as soft as a dream.<br />
<br />
屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀一样扑朔不定。 <br />
<br />
The room seemed bright and dim, with faint yellow glow of the electric light and murky air around, and the glow fluttered in a haze of smoke like wings.<br />
<br />
他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。 <br />
<br />
He wagged his head vigorously, and rubbed his eyes. The paintings on the table turned into a white mist, rising and spreading. Everything was blurred.<br />
<br />
他搞不清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里…… <br />
<br />
He didn’t know whether he was awake at the moment, or vaguely in a dream...<br />
<br />
昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。一抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从梦境回到了现实的世界。 <br />
<br />
Last night he slept too late and smoked too much. Or rather, he didn't sleep, just lying next to the messy paintings and ashtray full of cigarette butts on the table for a while. When he looked up, it was dawn. The first ray of morning sunlight caressed the buildings in the suburbs of Beijing. He pushed the window open, and let the cold morning breeze chase away the fatigue of the night. He went back from the dream to the real world.<br />
<br />
这是1979年1月,在北京白家庄。 <br />
<br />
It was January 1979, in Baijiazhuang, Beijing.<br />
<br />
袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和工艺美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得到了推荐,也在被邀请之列。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing on his way home from a six-month-long trip to Yunnan. A great joy forced him to stay in Beijing. At that time, the new terminal building of Capital Airport was like a magnificent crystal palace going up in the eastern suburbs of Beijing, equipped with the world's most advanced technology. The spacious and comfortable departure lounges and restaurants, automatic doors, baggage carousels, weight scales with electronic digital display, special quartz clocks made by Seikosha, high-efficiency indoor air conditioning devices, precise navigation and communication systems... They constituted the magnificent air gateway of the capital, whose degree of modernization was unparalleled in China. In today's world, modern architectural design was integrated with exquisite art decoration, and the ancient mural art was revived, accommodating with the development of construction industry based on new industrial technology. People in charge of the capital airport were managers of the new enterprise indeed. They invited more than fifty excellent artists as well as arts and crafts workers, led by Zhang Ding, the dean of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, to create a large modern murals for the terminal building. Yuan Yunsheng, who had been silent for more than two decades, was lucky enough to be recommended and was among the invitees.<br />
<br />
随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使一些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单一些,拿他的话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。” <br />
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With the opening of a crack in the window of ideological liberation in early 1979, the close relationship between literature and art and politics, which was very hot, was gradually adjusted over the years, making some artists calm down. They reconsidered the old and difficult proposition of the relationship between literature and art and politics, and denied the claim that literature and art was subordinate to politics. Their intentions were kind and peaceful, unwilling to use the arrow of art to touch sensitive political issues to avoid being blamed for something other than art; at the same time, they hoped to escape from the influence of the wind change and maintain the relative stability of the range of art, without rising or falling like a floating feather. But Yuan Yunsheng thought more simply, in his words, "Art is art, which needs to be sincere."<br />
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袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节——生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻辑和客观条件应运而生的。 <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng's large mural design ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', was born based on this simple logic and objective conditions.<br />
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候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的一块地方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴的哲理。他决定抦弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。” <br />
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A large wall of the passenger’s dining room in the terminal, together with a corner, was given to him. What a big space! He stood before the white wall, astonished and delighted, wanting to pour out all the words in the heart to this wall. Artistic creation always spared no effort without reservation to present the most beautiful part of the artist's feelings of the mind. For more than twenty years, the language of art and life he had accumulated resounded in his heart like a surging river, and the unforgettable impression he had from his trip to Xishuangbanna was the climax of the good things and the leaping wave of his whole life experience. At that time, the only subject he thought of was the Water-Splashing Festival. The myths and legends he heard, recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra condensed the emotions like flames, the free imagination and the clear and pure philosophy of the tropical ethnic group. He decided to abandon the conception of genre and narrative paintings and used the lines he had practiced over the years to express the people's desire for a future of freedom and happiness. He said, “It is a pleasant surprise for me to paint a mural praising the spirit and sentiment of the Dai people on a huge wall with 27 meters wide and 3.4 meters high."<br />
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主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知命运如何? <br />
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Artists who advocated art for the sake of politics could also attribute this subject to politics. However, this idea, after all, left the specific political context and contained the deeper and more distant time and space as well as timeless themes. If it was in the past, such an artistic conception would have been intervened by politics and would have been accused of rebelling against orthodoxy. What was his fate this time?<br />
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袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境…… <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng's brother, Yuan Yunfu, gave him a room in his apartment in Baijiazhuang, which was both a bedroom and a studio. However, the small bed was rarely used. He spread out his sketch and entered a dream, a dream of flowing lines and beautiful colors...<br />
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在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统一。那座大门却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门搏斗,一支接一支地吸烟,一张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。 <br />
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In the dream of art, there were also untold troubles. Apart from anything else, the door in the wall of the dining room was annoying. Originally, the artistic language of mural should be harmonized with the artistic language of architecture. The door, however, divided the wall and become an obstacle to the artistic conception. He spent the whole night fighting with the annoying door, smoking one cigarette after another, and drawing one sketch after another. His brother lived in the room opposite to his room, who could see the light coming from the crack of the door all night long, and the smell of smoke wafted up. And his energy, effort and life were consumed in the light blue smoke. The next day when the door was opened, his face was pale.<br />
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“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。 <br />
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"How can your body stand it!" Yuan Yunfu said.<br />
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“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……” <br />
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"It's doesn't matter." He smiled faintly, "I get used to it..."<br />
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在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出一股韧性。为了重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟此时的心情。 <br />
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In the eyes of the elder brother, his younger brother was a completely different people than before. On the night more than twenty years ago, when Yuan Yunsheng told his brother that he was classified as a "rightist” in the same room, his round face was full of innocence, as if he was telling a light anecdote. Now, that face had experienced the hardships and troubles of life, stumbling on the rugged road, and had become angular with a stern look, revealing a resilience. In order to regain this opportunity to create in Beijing, what a price he had to pay! Yuan Yunfu understood his brother's feelings at this time.<br />
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整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法——“拱桥的两头很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》） <br />
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All day long, Yuan Yunsheng locked himself in his room and had a dream of mural. He was inspired by the familar principle of the arch bridge in the suburbs of Suzhou, and found a way to cross the gate -- “The two ends of the arch bridge are very heavy, holding the towering and thin top. It is stable in mechanics, and how beautiful the curve like the rainbow is! The idea of constructing a rainbow of people with the activities of the Dai people is fascinating..." (quoted in ''Art Research'', Issue 1, 1980, Yuan Yunsheng: ''The Dream of Murals'')<br />
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实现这个迷人的想法,真是一项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每一个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了…… <br />
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It was a huge project to realize this fascinating idea. The splendid and colorful images of the Water-Splashing Festival came to his eyes: carrying water, sharing water, splashing water, dancing, boat racing, bathing at night, the quiet family life in the bamboo house of the Dai people and the young men and women who didn’t want to leave with each other in the jungle after dusk... Hundreds of characters appeared under his brush, and each of them was vivid and true. At the same time, it was decorative, exaggerated, personalized, and full of lyricism. The sketch was longer and longer, and the crowds like the rainbow were stretching out. The painter, who was immersed in the frenzy of his creation, seemed to be accompanied by music in his ears. He grasped the brush as if grasping the baton of the symphony orchestra, to express the shifts of melody and rhythm through the flowing lines, and the solemn, fervent and tenaciously upward theme song gradually rose up...<br />
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又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还有灯光。 <br />
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It was another early morning that Yuan Yunfu, who lived in the opposite room, woke up from his sleep and saw the light under the door of his brother’s room.<br />
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这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧…… <br />
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Yuan Yunfu was also very tired these days. He also participated in the creation of murals at the Capital Airport, painting the first draft of ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan''. If he was exploring the path of art with his experience and artistic accomplishment, his brother was sprinting with his life. Half a month passed, in fifteen days and nights, the light in the opposite room did not go out. What an amazing perseverance! Even the golden stone should cry for his sincerity of the art... <br />
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对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀! <br />
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A light blue smoke was coming from the opposite room with a heavy coughing sound, each hoarser than the last. However, he was still painting, and still smoking incessantly. The coughing sound could be heard without end, and it was heart-wrenching to hear it in the silence before dawn. He was destroying the foundation of his health to build a spiritual building, and the lines on the sketch were clearly the blood streak of life!<br />
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天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休息几天,回长春去过年吧。” <br />
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After dawn, Yuan Yunfu said to his brother, "You probably forget that the day after tomorrow is Lunar New Year's Eve. I advise you to take a few days off and go back to Changchun for the New Year."<br />
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袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用。第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制。” <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng shook his head, “I don’t have enough time. Although the second draft was drawn, but I haven’t had time to copy it."<br />
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“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。” <br />
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"You don’t care about your own body, but you have to think about Lanying.” His brother said. "You have been away from Changchun for more than six months. It is unreasonable for you not to go back for the Spring Festival."<br />
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提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能在家待几天?” <br />
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When it came to Lanying, Yuan Yunsheng was no longer obstinate. On New Year's Eve, he rushed back to Changchun. Lanying asked him, "How many days can you stay at home this time?"<br />
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画家说:“春节一过,还得讨论画稿。这一稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了。” <br />
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The painter said, "After the New Year, I still have to discuss the drafts. I have not made a copy of this one yet, so I brought it back home."<br />
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兰英叹了一口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……” <br />
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Lanying sighed, "So, even in the Spring Festival, you still can’t have a good rest..."<br />
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画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。” <br />
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The painter said, "It's not difficult to copy, but it takes time."<br />
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兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?” <br />
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Lanying thought about it, "Well, can I help you?"<br />
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画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。 <br />
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The painter looked at his wife with affection and nodded.<br />
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这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下一个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹…… <br />
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This was the first time that Lanying was directly involved in her husband's artistic creation. At night, they turned on the lamp, set up a glass plate, laid out a translucent copy paper, and copied the painting of the Water-Splashing Festival together. This work, which celebrated the Dai people, also left traces of a Han woman's feelings...<br />
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从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
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From the first to the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, they spent their time in this way. Lanying and the painter stayed up late together.<br />
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忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴云笼罩着...... <br />
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The busy painter did not even notice that Lanying's thin face was more withered, covered by the heavy cloud of illness...<br />
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牛皮纸 <br />
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Kraft Paper<br />
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春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。 <br />
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Just after the Spring Festival, Yuan Yunsheng returned to Beijing with the colored design.<br />
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绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
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Preparations for the mural painting were under way intensely. In order to get the best artistic effect, Capital Airport imported a batch of acrylic paints from Hong Kong. This was a new painting material popular in Europe, America and Japan in recent years. It had bright and soft color, strong covering power, and was suitable for multi-layered sfumato and foil, and maintained the stability of the color of the painting for a long time under various conditions of wetting, drying, hot and cold.<br />
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参加《泼水节——生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
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Lian Weiyun and Fei Zheng, two collaborators who participated in the painting of ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', also arrived in succession. They were both accomplished middle-aged artists. After looking Yuan Yunsheng's design, they were impressed by the charm of the combination of traditional techniques of Chinese painting and western modern art, and were interested in it and eager to have a try.<br />
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脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。 <br />
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The scaffolding was set up and the walls were covered with solid backing cloth. Everything was ready and it was early summer. One day in June, Lanying came to Beijing from Changchun.<br />
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兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的一次妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。 <br />
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This time, Lanying made a special trip to Beijing to see a doctor. In fact, her condition had already been discovered. In a gynecological examination before the Spring Festival, the doctor felt an obvious foreign body in the uterus. Because her husband was away and she needed to take care of the children, her illness had not been treated. Recently, due to the rapid aggravation of her condition, she had to go to a large hospital in Beijing for a diagnosis.<br />
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在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻待在一起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮工。 <br />
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While waiting to see a doctor, Lanying and her husband stayed in a newly built hotel for international flight crews at the Capital Airport. The room was small but comfortable with spring beds, a bathroom, and shutters in the ceiling also indicated that there was air-conditioning equipment. Since her marriage, Lanying had never lived in such a high-class accommodation with her husband. However, the time the couple spent together was still limited. Every day, when the first purple rays of the morning sun came in through the curtains, Yuan Yunsheng turned over and got up, hurriedly wipded the face. The sound of rushing away footsteps could be heard in the corridor. After a busy day, it was already late at night when he returned, covered in sweat and paint, like a house repairman who had just climbed down from the scaffolding.<br />
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好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是出乎意料的,几个月以前的一小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到癌——恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢? <br />
<br />
Finally, it was the day of diagnosis. When Lanying got the diagnosis, moving tired steps out of the hospital, she felt her body and mind sinking downward, as if sinking into a bottomless abyss. The rate of the development of the disease was unexpected, a small foreign body a few months ago had grown into a big lump. Lanying herself was a surgeon, with professional knowledge and clinical experience, who understood the seriousness in the rate of deterioration of the disease. She thought about cancer--malignant cells tended to cause malformed expansion, while benign tumors were relatively steady; if it was not cancer, it was just a fluke. She walked slowly, and her mind was empty, the grey mist floating and sparks of consciousness flickering on and off. She felt painfully, intuitively, that the defenses of her health had been destroyed by everyday’s pressure because of excessive worry and fatigue from chores over the years. Did her lover, her children and everything in the future still belong to her?<br />
<br />
她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了候机大楼,站在脚手架旁…… <br />
<br />
She went back to the airport. The painter could not be found at the accommodation during the day. She stepped across the long asphalt road, entered the terminal building, and stood by the scaffolding...<br />
<br />
大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着一场真正的建设——脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。 <br />
<br />
The lobby was spacious and solemn. The new glass windows reflected the blue sky, and the abundant light rushed in and then spread out, softly scattering on the four walls. Here, in the heat of June, there was a real construction going on--the huge structure of scaffolding climbing up to the roof; on the ground, brushes, palettes and paint buckets were piled up haphazardly, showing how busy the art site was.<br />
<br />
兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在…… <br />
<br />
Lanying looked up and found her husband's figure on the scaffolding. He bent over, holding a brush in his hand, sketching on the wall. His long black hair hang down from his forehead, swinging ceaselessly in the air with his body, as if a cellist holding the bowstring was absorbed in the enchanting music he was playing, and the world around him no longer existed...<br />
<br />
兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,一个艺术赤子的オ华、智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。 <br />
<br />
Lanying stood there dumbfounded. Here and now, perhaps only she could deeply understand her husband's state of mind. From the tiny world of that humble room in Changchun to this grand and spacious lobby, the talents, wisdom and suppressed ambition of a man who was loyal to art broke away from all fetters and poured out. He even wanted to put his hot life into the tip of the brush, pouring, splashing and melting into the picture in front of him.<br />
<br />
墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华! <br />
<br />
Various lines on the wall presented the dense jungle in Xishuangbanna, full of vitality. With the movement of the brush, like the process happened in color developer in the darkroom, the images of several Dai women gradually became clear. Their stretched waists, flexible arms, and action of strong inclination added the sense of motion of the scene of water splashing. Lanying seemed to hear the cheerful rhythm of the small gong and the exciting drumbeat of the elephant-foot drum. The hazy expressions in the women's faces had infinite yearnings. Thus, the dead wall became alive. It was the artist's passion for life was shining, the reproduction of a beautiful vision. The limited life of the artist was sublimated in the meaningful art!<br />
<br />
站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。 <br />
<br />
Standing behind the art stage to see the art was the easiest to touch off the aftertaste of life. <br />
<br />
兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得到了精神的补偿。 <br />
<br />
Lanying felt relaxed, and the heavy feeling like being clogged with lead when she left the hospital was alleviated. Art had already intruded into her destiny, turning her from an outsider into an insider. She got spiritual compensation from the breath of artistic creation.<br />
<br />
这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查有结果了吗?” <br />
<br />
At this time, the painter climbed down from the scaffolding, spotted his wife at a glance, and walked quickly towards her, "Did you get the result of the examination at the hospital?"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说......” <br />
<br />
Lanying said. "Go on with your work. I’ll talk to you when we came back..."<br />
<br />
妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。” <br />
<br />
The peaceful face of his wife reassured the painter. He said, "You should stay in your room and have a good rest."<br />
<br />
“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
<br />
"I'm not tired. Lanying smiled faintly and said with studied casualness, "What can I do for you?"<br />
<br />
Chapter Two<br />
<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对一对画稿上的人物动作。” <br />
<br />
The painter seriously considered for a moment: “Oh, I need you here. Please imitate and check the action of the characters on the sketch for our reference.” <br />
<br />
“好吧。”妻子应允了。 <br />
<br />
"All right." The wife agreed.<br />
<br />
兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容…… <br />
<br />
Lanying made various body movements on the painter’s instructions. Fortunately, she was an active member of the literary and artistic activities twenty years ago with a little dance skills, natural movements, and an ideal slender body. It consumed a lot of time, and the painter looked left and right, directing Lanying's posture while examining the characters on the sketch. For Lanying, who was ill, it was an excessive burden. But she maintained a dignified posture with great endurance, and a serene smile appeared on her pale and tired face...<br />
<br />
几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为一个外科医生,如果给自己开一张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的一桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カ一搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏在心底很久很久了。 <br />
<br />
A few days later, Lanying boarded the northbound train and left Beijing. Her husband went to the station to see her off. Until the moment before her departure, the wife did not tell her husband about her illness. Lanying repeatedly considered the gains and losses. As a surgeon, she would not have hesitated to write “hospitalize immediately and surgically remove" if she had given herself a treatment order. The key to the treating a relentless tumor, whether it was benign or malignant, was to treat it in time.But she thought of her husband, and a wonderful career beyond him. Once she was hospitalized for a major surgery, her husband would not hesitate to accompany her and serve her, because she had no other close relatives in this world. In that way, the painter's work would stop, or at least be influence. Her husband was struggling on the difficult road of art and could not be delayed. Lanying had to give up her treatment, even if it meant the hope of life, in exchange for the extension of the artistic life. This idea, from the day she fell in love with the painter, had been buried in her heart for a long, long time.<br />
<br />
一声长笛,列车开走了,载着一颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾霭中...... <br />
<br />
With a whistle, the train drove away, carrying the heart of an ordinary but great woman, and disappearing in the fog...<br />
<br />
袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,一株热带丛林特有的鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像是在为自己的青春而骄傲…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng and his collaborators worked hard and four months passed. The painting work was coming to an end. Turning a corner of the wall, a view of Xishuangbanna at dusk appeared. In the light blue glow, there was a Passionfora edulis unique to the tropical jungle. Its luxuriant branches and leaves were like a cluster of hydrangea, forming a beautiful screen. Dai girls Girls who took a bath at night, holding a clay pot, poured clear spring water on their body. They wore their long and undulating hair down to the ground, which seemed like the ripples of water flowing from high mountains. After the bath, the girls were combing their long hair with a tender smile on their face, as if they were proud of their youth...<br />
<br />
环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。 <br />
<br />
Surrounding the girl's bodies were a few flowing lines, which were the outline of the clothes that was sketched out in the draft. The painter was still uncertain how to handle them. In the process of painting, the onlookers who came and went through the lobby paid special attention to the girls taking baths at night on the wall, wanting to see whether they would be clothed or not.<br />
<br />
洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。“我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的一种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况他画的是神话传说而不是习俗…… <br />
<br />
It is a common knowledge in life that taking a bath (rather than splashing water) needs to take off clothes. In life, Dai women were more innocent. During the days in Xishuangbanna, the painter bathed many times with Dai men and women at the well and in the Lancang River. They were natural and graceful, treating nudity as a as a creation of nature, so they did not feel it was very mysterious. “I admit that I have more conservative thinking.” Yuan Yunsheng said sincerely, “Because of this, I am more respectful of them.” In the history of painting, the language of nudity was an artistic language with rich expressiveness. Represented by Venus in ancient Greece, it developed into an independent aesthetic category. Similarly, using the language of nudity to express the author's worship of women and the praise for life became necessary for this particular scene in the mural. Not to mention that he painted myths and legends rather than customs...<br />
<br />
看来,画家打错了主意? <br />
<br />
It seems that the painter got the wrong idea?<br />
<br />
在一些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和犯罪搅成一池浑水。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of some people, the style of nude was a “evil custom of barbarians” in the west! The richer the material life of the west was, the poorer the spiritual civilization was to the extent that the body was not covered by clothes. On the contrary, the great revolution of spiritual culture and the great retrogression of material production occurred at the same period in our country. In the past ten years, people’s vision had been highly purified. Chinese women did not even want to wear skirts, cheongsams, or tight-fitting shirts, and wrapped themselves up tightly so as not to show their changeable lines. By doing so, they would not stain the eyes of others and desecrate their bodies. However, treating aesthetics as the result of getting rid of evil concepts did not improve the morality of the society, but brought spiritual impoverishment and degradation. As a result, just like the pure springs turned into muddy currents, art and crime were mixed into a pool of muddy water.<br />
<br />
盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。 <br />
<br />
In the height of summer, when the scene of “bathing at night" stood out, although the images of these young girls were decorative, symbolic and simple, it still caused a stir.<br />
<br />
这并不显眼的一角却引来一批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
<br />
This inconspicuous corner attracted numerous viewers, including curious people, anxious people, passers-by and spectators. People were talking about it in different tones, surprised, harsh or vulgar...<br />
<br />
这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不韪了。如要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的一场争论。 <br />
<br />
It was the first time in years that a nude appeared on modern Chinese murals. The author did a wrong thing that was considered as a big one at the time. If he wanted to solve dispute, it was easy, lifting the brush, smearing a few strokes, and dressing the figures in blouses and skirts, which cost nothing. Then he and his whole family would be blessed and away from misfortune. But he was reluctant to do that. He thought of a controversy in history over the issue of nude art.<br />
<br />
六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的一班轻薄少年、无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军阀败北。 <br />
<br />
Sixty years ago, a group of courageous painters in Shanghai were reviled for using nudity in their teachings and creations. At that time, the newspapers published many critical articles, saying that the painter “offended public decency”, “wanted to make the women of the world into a shameless position" and “broke down the boundaries between Chinese men and women”... And at that time, a group of libertines and loafers in Shanghai took nude photos for sale, which provided handles to trolls. Until the warlord Sun Chuanfang was angered, the painter was wanted by telegram. The painter concentrated all his efforts on rising to the challenge without fear, and wrote articles saying that “Scoundrels made nude photos and obscene picture of prostitutes to attract others for profit, I am very sad... Why Private Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts is blamed? Why I am blamed?” "I advocated that ambition of art shouldn’t be takev away... Although I have to defy all difficulties and dangers, I will never refuse.” The struggle ended in victory for the painter and defeat for the warlord.<br />
<br />
历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的一桩旧案犹未了结。 <br />
<br />
History had gone by more than half a century. Times were different, but an old case in the art world was not settled yet.<br />
<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思想解放!” <br />
<br />
"What we encountered is no longer a body issue.” Yuan Yunsheng said to his companions, “It is related to the ideological liberation of the art world!"<br />
<br />
他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。 <br />
<br />
They insisted on making no changes. This detail in the murals was used as a stone of exploring and was thrown on the path of artistic spring presented in front of them after the smashing of the "Gang of Four".<br />
<br />
舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事…… <br />
<br />
After all, the pressure of public opinion was too great. In order to provide a peaceful environment for the painter to paint, the airport and the construction company were kind to cover up the doors and windows of the lobby while the painting work was still incomplete. Thus, the modernized doors were covered with thick kraft papers produced in the traditional way in China, and the murals painted in imported acrylic paints were hidden in a dull yellow glow of classical colors. The painter was at peace for the moment and went on with their unfinished work...<br />
<br />
不是结尾 <br />
<br />
Not the End<br />
<br />
10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动…… <br />
<br />
One day in late October, the autumn wind swirled yellow sand, sweeping above the streets of Beijing. Yuan Yunsheng walked down the street quickly, facing the wind, and his long and thick black hair fluttering in the wind...<br />
<br />
首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。 <br />
<br />
The painting work of murals at the Capital Airport had been completed. The artists and art workers, led by Zhang Ding, achieved great success. The papers and TV stations published and broadcasted murals with distinctive characteristics and modern style: ''Nezha Conquers the Dragon King'', ''Song of the Forest'', ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan'', ''The Spring of Science'' and ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life''... It was like a hot whirlwind in the art world and society, provoking intense reactions. Before the Fourth Congress of Chinese Writers and Artists, a group of celebrities from the circles of literature and art, theory, architecture, foreign trade and press and publication came to the Capital Airport to attend the unveiling ceremony and congratulate the artists.<br />
<br />
国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人一进入中国就有一个强烈的印象,这种艺术是一个国家国力的象征。” <br />
<br />
They acquired great recognition from foreigners. Foreign friends stood in the lobby of the terminal building, looking around the four walls with appreciative eyes and saying, "Beijing Airport will be famous all over the world for its murals.” ”It gives people a strong impression upon entering China that this art is a symbol of a country's national power."<br />
<br />
日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……” <br />
<br />
Hirayama Ikuo, a famous Japanese painter, also came to visit. He said that Chinese culture had two peaks in history: the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, and he believed that the third peak was coming. He said to Yuan Yunsheng with a smile, "After seeing your murals, I think Xishuangbanna is very beautiful. I really want to change the plan of this trip and go there..."<br />
<br />
这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰一样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔…… <br />
<br />
These days, Yunsheng was very busy. Meeting with foreign guests, accepting interviews and giving speeches on stage filled up his daily schedule. The lonely days were gone, followed by honors, applauses, and toasts, like stepping from the rugged mountain road to the peak full of flowers... He walked on the street, the wind and sand rushing toward him, and his lapel swaying in the wind. At this moment, contrary to the joy brought by the brilliant success, his face was strangely sad and sorrowful, frozen like ice, cold as a rock. It seemed to have infinite remorse in his indifference...<br />
<br />
呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化? <br />
<br />
Oh, what were you doing for? Were you still not satisfied? Or were you still worried about the change of political wind?<br />
<br />
不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着一个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作是坚定正确的表现。 <br />
<br />
No. He was not worried about that. He was confident. For more than twenty years, he had been tenacious exploring towards a set goal with the sincerity of art. He had never been discouraged in the face of any setbacks. He loved the art of the country, and was classified as a "rightist" because he disagreed with Soviet painting theory. But now people who took the same position were seen as having a solid and right performance.<br />
<br />
他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。 <br />
<br />
He loved the watery towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and took a hit for painting the beautiful scenes of the rural market. But now markets all over the country were more prosperous than they were then. Oh life, many things would be changed after thirty years! He no longer believed in temporary and hasty conclusions. His personality and the personality of his art had been strengthened by adversity, becoming independent of the conclusions.<br />
<br />
那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧? <br />
<br />
So, why were you sad? Why were you depressed?<br />
<br />
只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无望,只等待手术的判决…… <br />
<br />
Just because his wife, bosom friend, backer of his career and partner in distress, was lying sickly in the hospital. It was not until a few days earlier that he learned of the illness that Lanying had hidden from him. After four months of suffering from the disease, Lanying's health collapsed! When she left Changchun, her sick body wasted away, with weak spirit and pale and yellow face. Her female companions, who saw her off, could not see any color on her face, took it as their last farewell, breaking down in tears. At this moment, she lay quietly in a hospital in Beijing, and she seemed tired. Once the burden was lifted from her shoulders, she didn’t have words, complaints and hope, only waiting for the verdict of surgery...<br />
<br />
一个人站立起来了,另一个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南去的列车上一见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下一笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。 <br />
<br />
One people stood up, another fell down, and she fell down for him. Since they met on the southbound train, she made too many voluntary sacrifices. If the wife really could never stand up again, then what was the meaning of her husband's success today for her? She was a doctor, a good wife and mother, and a person dedicated to art. Her contributions could never be rewarded, and she could not leave a mark on any art classic, but only painful memories engraved in her husband's heart.<br />
<br />
画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼眶里滚动。 <br />
<br />
The painter ran down the street to the hospital, a storm stirring up in his heart. His eyes were wet, white tears rolling in his eyes.<br />
<br />
他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:一种是诚实的艺术家;另一种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。 <br />
<br />
He thought of the two kinds of people who were closest to art in the wide world. One was the honest artist; the other was the person who did not know art but was pure and simple, such as his lovely wife.<br />
<br />
他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少一些吗?<br />
<br />
They didn’t have other intention, just for art. To recognize their hard work was the minimum to tolerate the existence of art. But they suffered too much beyond art. Couldn’t they suffer less?<br />
<br />
他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。 <br />
<br />
He walked on the street in Beijing, his tearful eyes shining with anticipation.<br />
<br />
后记: <br />
<br />
Postscript:<br />
<br />
本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又过了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世事变迁未可尽述。 <br />
<br />
After this article was published, the heroine recovered after treatment. A few years later, the hero went to the U.S. alone. And many things had changed and it was impossible to mention them all.<br />
<br />
——作者 <br />
<br />
--Author<br />
<br />
（原载《十月》1980年6月） <br />
<br />
(Originally published in ''October'', June 1980)<br />
<br />
==卷一：10.热血男儿Hot-blooded Man==<br />
热血男儿 Hot-blooded Man<br />
<br />
李士非 Li Shifei<br />
<br />
满腔的热血已经沸腾。 <br />
<br />
The hot blood all over the body has been boiling.<br />
<br />
——《国际歌》 <br />
<br />
--''The Internationale'' (Chinese Version)<br />
<br />
一、能见到袁庚吗？ <br />
<br />
I. Can I See Yuan Geng?<br />
<br />
在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天，蛇口工业区和它的领导人袁庚，名扬国内外，越来越引人注目。 <br />
<br />
When the wave of reform is surging today, Shekou Industrial Zone and its leader, Yuan Geng, are becoming more and more famous at home and abroad.<br />
<br />
但是，我接受写袁庚的任务，未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他，手头也没有积累多少关于他的资料，而且听说采访他很困难：他是香港招商局常务副董事长（人们因此亲切地称他为袁董），大部分时间在香港，每到蛇口，都忙得不可开交，实在抽不出时间接受采访。 <br />
<br />
However, it was a bit risky for me to accept the task of writing about Yuan Geng. I had never met him and had not accumulated much information about him, and I heard that it was difficult to interview him: He was the executive vice chairman of China Merchants Hong Kong (so people affectionately called him Chairman Yuan). He spent most of the time in Hong Kong. Every time he came to Shekou, he was too busy and didn’t have time for interviews.<br />
<br />
但是，过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观，听过介绍，看过录像，袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣，接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口来，这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。 <br />
<br />
But after the past several times accompanying writers from other provinces to visit Shekou, listening to the introduction, and watching the video, Yuan Geng and Shekou aroused my strong interest. If I accepted the writing task, I could come to Shekou. The temptation was irresistible.<br />
<br />
”能见到袁庚吗？”“即使见不到袁庚也要写！”所谓“冒险”，无非是写不出或写不好，个人面子不好看罢了，比起袁庚和他的朋友们从事改革所冒的风险，简直是微不足道的。 <br />
<br />
"Can I meet Yuan Geng?" "Even if I can't see Yuan Geng, I’ll still write!" The so-called "risk" simply means that I couldn’t write or couldn’t write well, which would make me look bad. But compared to the risk taken by Yuan Geng and his friends in reform, it was simply insignificant.<br />
<br />
仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气，到这里待一些日子也是值得的。 <br />
<br />
It was worth staying here for a few days just to breathe the air of reform in Shekou.<br />
<br />
“如果你只能待很短的时间，我劝你趁早打退堂鼓，不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意，开弓没有回头箭，退堂鼓是不好打的。 <br />
<br />
"If you can only stay for a short time, I’d advise you to pull back sooner rather than later and don’t make the mistake of a screenwriter again." A kind friend advised me in this way. I appreciated his kindness. But there was no turning back of an arrow once it was shot. It was not easy to pull back.<br />
<br />
二、夜访梁宪 <br />
<br />
Ⅱ. Pay a Call on Liang Xian at Night<br />
<br />
在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口，袁庚出国去了，说是7月底或8月初才能回来。最了解他的一个人，东江纵队时期就和他一起工作，现任蛇口工业区顾问的许智明，到澳大利亚探亲去了，归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同，“时间就是金钱，效率就是生命”，白天工作紧张，找人谈话很难，晚上访问也要事先约定，因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰上袁庚的儿子袁中印，《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意，他马上说：“有什么好写的？这么多人写过了，要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受了乃父的影响，不大欢迎采访。”慢慢来吧，我一定要找你的。”我心里说。 <br />
<br />
It was not easy to interview in Shekou. When I arrived in Shekou in mid-July, Yuan Geng went abroad. I learned that he would be back by the end of July or early August. One of the people who knew him best, Xu Zhiming, who worked with him in the East River Column and was now the counselor of Shekou Industrial Zone, went to Australia to visit his family and his return date was still uncertain. The pace of work here was very different from that of the mainland, where "time is money and efficiency is life." There were many works by day, so it was difficult to find people to have a talk with. Visiting at night also had to be arranged in advance because many formal and informal meetings were held at night. One day I met Yuan Geng's son Yuan Zhongyin in the elevator of the office building. A reporter of ''Shenzhen Special Zone Daily'', Comrade Chen Yihao introduced my intention of coming here to him, he immediately said, "What is there to write? So many people have written about it. If you want to publish a book, you can collect them." I thought that he was influenced by his father, not very welcome interviews. “Take it a step at a time. I must find you." I said in my heart.<br />
<br />
多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙，约定了一天晚上9点钟去访问工业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人，穿过海滨花园，沐着海风，经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边，漫步走向梁宪的住处。早已听说，他1962年毕业于中山大学外语系，是梁宗岱教授的高足，对法国文学很有研究。果然，一见之下，我就感到他是一个充满艺术气质的人。 <br />
<br />
Thanks to the help of Comrade Huang Hongjian, a female writer and screenwriter of the Pearl River Film Studio who was the deputy director of the office here, we made an arrangement to visit Liang Xian, a member of the management committee of the Industrial Zone, at 9 o'clock one night. Huang Hongjian, Chen Yihao, and I walked through the seaside garden with the sea breeze, passed by Minghua ship of "Sea World” with brilliant light, and strolled towards Liang Xian's residence. I had already heard that he graduated from the Department of Foreign Languages of Sun Yat-sen University in 1962, who was a student of Professor Liang Zongdai and knew a lot about French literature. Sure enough, I felt that he was a man full of artistic temperament at first sight.<br />
<br />
他掏出港币，买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客，然后和我们谈笑风生。 <br />
<br />
He pulled out Hong Kong dollars and bought a few cans of iced Coca-Cola to entertain us, and then talked and laughed with us.<br />
<br />
“你们是文人，我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人，她在中央戏剧学院教书。我对她说：你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的，但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。中国像你们这样的文人太多，像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一句英语，“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙，黄虹坚一时也没反应过来，陈宜浩翻译说：”他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑起来。 <br />
<br />
"You are men of letters, and I’m a businessman. I gave up writing and engaged in business. My wife is also a man of letters, who teaches at the Central Academy of Drama. I said to her: Tang and Song poetry you talk about are very beautiful, but they can't solve the problem of the people's hunger. There are too many literati like you in China, and too few businessmen like me." He suddenly spoke an English sentence to Huang Hongjian, "I will change you into a business woman." I was baffled, and Huang Hongjian didn't understand at the moment, and Chen Yihao translated, "He said he would change you into a business woman.” We all laughed happily.<br />
<br />
梁宪大学毕业的时候，老百姓正在饿肚子，大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法国文学的尖子，后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作，比袁庚晚半年多一点。袁庚很器重他，有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。 <br />
<br />
When Liang Xian graduated from university, people were starving, and probably no unit needed a top student who studied French literature. Then he went to the Ministry of Communications. He was sent to work for the China Merchants Hong Kong in July 1979, more than half a year later than Yuan Geng. Yuan Geng thought highly of him, and some people said that he was Yuan Geng's "think-tank man".<br />
<br />
“我去香港的时候，老婆说：最怕你没骨气，没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是有的，外派干部只要有一点热血，就不是追求几大件，而是感到抬不起头来！ <br />
<br />
"When I went to Hong Kong, my wife said: What I fear the most is that you don’t have the backbone. If you don’t have it, let’s get divorced sooner rather than later. Of course I have it. As long as dispatched cadres have a little passion, they would not pursue some popular household items, but feel embarrassed to keep the head up!”<br />
<br />
“刚到香港，每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐，一串串的，海上漂着偷渡者的尸体，我们不能忍受，啪一声把电视关了。 <br />
<br />
“When I just arrived in Hong Kong, I watched TV every day to see young stowaways in chains of handcuffs, and dead bodies of stowaways floating in the sea. We could not bear it and snapped the TV off.”<br />
<br />
“我们国内建设搞不好，连一些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们，心里真难受呀。所以，我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过：‘我之所以这么干，是为了实现我入党时的初衷。’” <br />
<br />
“When we didn’t do well in nation-building, even some children of dispatched cadres who grew up in Hong Kong also looked down on us. It hurted a lot. So I understand Yuan Geng's mood for engaging in reform. He said, 'I did it because I wanted to realize the original intention when I joined the CPC.'"<br />
<br />
一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿，梁宪又概括地说： <br />
<br />
His words made my heart heavy. After a pause, Liang Xian said in a nutshell:<br />
<br />
“我熟悉的人当中，有两个热血男儿，一个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛，一个就是袁庚！” <br />
<br />
“There are two hot-blooded men in people who I am familiar with. One is my wife’s godfather Liu Rentao, and the other is Yuan Geng!"<br />
<br />
好一个“热血男儿”！这个词太恰当了，把这两个人相提并论太好了，我不禁怦然心动，觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。 <br />
<br />
What a "hot-blooded man"! This word was so appropriate. Comparing these two people was too good. I couldn’t help but feel excited that I thought I found the best way to Yuan Geng's inner world.<br />
<br />
也真巧，比我年长20岁的刘任涛，是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第一流的眼科专家，共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长，曾为刘伯承元帅安过义眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》，改行当了电影编剧，“文化大革命”中在珠影被诬为“历史反革命”，打断五根肋骨，投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动期间，他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明，不顾自己的政治处境，不顾没有任何医疗条件，决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他：“万一失败，你就是阶级报复，就会重进监狱。”他不听，他终于成功了。”作为医生，我拯救了我的灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀，立下遗嘱：死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
<br />
And coincidentally, Liu Rentao, who is 20 years older than me, is my admired elder and friend. This first-rate eye specialist in China was the director of the Shanghai Labor Hospital in the early days of the People’s Republic of China, and once installed a prosthetic eye for Marshal Liu Bocheng. Later, he became a movie scriptwriter after he wrote a movie script Dove of Peace. During the "Cultural Revolution", he was considered as a “pre-liberation counter-revolutionary" in the Pearl River Film Studio. His five ribs were broken and he was put into prison. When he labored under supervision at the "May 7 Cadre School" in Yingde, he saw a rural woman who was blind due to cataracts, and in spite of his political situation and the lack of any medical conditions, he decided to operate on the patient with a razor blade. A kind people advised him, “If you fail, it will be the class revenge and you’ll go back to prison." He didn't listen to it, and he finally succeeded." As a doctor, I saved my soul." Now he was over 70 years old, and he made a will: After his death, he would dedicate his eyes to the Eye Bank of Sun Yat-sen Medical College. Then he ran around and appealed for the restoration and establishment of schools for blind children...<br />
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刘任涛和袁庚，经历和事业完全不同，但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身精神，是多么相似呵！我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚，觉得对袁庚也开始熟悉了。<br />
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Liu Rentao and Yuan Geng had completely different experiences and careers, but they were patriotic and full of passion with the spirit of dedication. How similar they were! I imagined unfamiliar Yuan Geng from familiar Liu Rentao, thinking that I began to get familiar with Yuan Geng.<br />
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三、“冒险家” <br />
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Ⅲ. “Adventurer"<br />
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刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障,要冒风险。袁 庚在蛇口进行改革,要冒更大的风险:两年之前,不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影 地攻击经济特区嘛!<br />
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但是,时代毕竟不同了,今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月 9日,胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区,袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆,和总书记有一 段精彩的对话。<br />
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袁庚:关于改革问题,现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看,凡是搞改革 的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法,最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变 法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪,改良主义,结果六君子被 杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革,我想不会落得前人这样 的下场,我们是在党的领导下进行的,不会有问题吧,我们值得冒这个险!<br />
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胡耀邦:过去的改革是下层少数人去改,领导者、统治者是压制的。现在 不同,我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改,现在和过去根本不同嘛!<br />
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袁庚:我们感到,我们的干部是不大怕群众的,只怕顶头上司,怕上司不喜 欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说,我每次来蛇口,ー上码头,前呼后 拥的,下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒,就会忘乎所以,久而久之, 就不怕群众,不怕下级,因为群众、下级撤不了我的职,我只怕交通部,怕顶头 上司,只有他们才能撤我的职。<br />
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所以,群众监督干部,群众有权选举和罢免干部,这至关重要。我们这里 想搞个改革试点,管委会由群众选举产生,每年投一次信任票,如果不信任票 超过半数,管委会就得改选,个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公 开的、直接的,由群众投票选举的领导班子,就会想群众之所想,急群众之所 急,就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手,就有人自动送礼 上门,如果头脑不清醒,不能自律,就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装 懂,诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部,我相信可以改变一下干部的结 构和干部的作风。我们想做这样ー个不太小的改革,准备冒一点风险。<br />
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胡耀邦:（点头）好!很好!<br />
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袁庚:总书记说了好,我们就记录在案,马上打报告这样做。<br />
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胡耀邦:（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿,在哪 ー出戏里我忘记了,讽刺官僚主义者,他不敢骂台上的官,只敢骂戏台上堂前 的鼓。有一段唱词说:“一棵大树腹中空,两头都是皮儿绷,每天上堂敲三下, R卜咚ゆ咚又ゆ咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛!（全场大笑）<br />
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党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印,想到ー块去了,这在蛇口的发 展史上,是应当大书特书的。<br />
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1983年4月24日,选举产生了蛇口エ业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22 日,按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票?组干处处长虞 德海说:“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的,信任票不足半数就 得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决,一定要搞信任投票。” 投票结果,管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数,袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上,全 部投票公开,任人查阅,尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐,如“某某能力低”“某某 不堪信任”之类,也不加掩饰。<br />
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这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。<br />
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四、“那里不肯放,就辞职!”<br />
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选举产生领导班子,定期举行信任投票,这是袁庚深思熟虑的ー项决定。他深<br />
深感到,不改革干部制度,不改变干部结构,任何改革都无从谈起,“四化”也只是 一句空话。<br />
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有的领导干部,居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人:“你们大学建多大的桥?” 问来访的美国客人:“英国人讲英语,你们美国人讲什么语?”还有人向中央领导同 志汇报他到香港考察的收获:“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯!”如此等等,令人 啼笑皆非。这样的干部,怎能担当建设“四化”的重任!<br />
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蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地）,指挥部只有 二十多个干部的时候,袁庚就开始考虑如何培育ー支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命 化的干部队伍。1981年,他排除阻カ,毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班,从全国 各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说,“我是个冒险家,为了蛇口的改革,我从 全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。<br />
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当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员,委托交通部下属的交通科 学院情报所代为主持,在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、 江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。<br />
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王潮梁!938年出生于江苏无锡,1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计 专业。早在1958年,他就参考外国的资料,在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫 原理,并和同学们一道造出了样品,在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对 飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是,在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年 代,几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机エ厂飞机设 计室任产品主管设计员,那时生产要听驻厂军代表的,而军代表只相信苏联专家和 苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料,翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂, 即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂,也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚 子气,却毫无办法。岁月如流,王潮梁搞了 17年飞机设计,却看到我们的飞机エ业 比印度还落后;又研制了四年的飞翔船,却看不到一艘飞翔船下水,那种壮志难酬 的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会,唯一的名额给了业务上 根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培 训班招生的广告时,他兴奋极了,“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方,去!”立刻把广告 剪下来,郑重地贴在本子上。<br />
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他第一个走进考场,第一个走出考场。笔试、面试,成绩优良。主持考试的情 报所林鸿慈同志下了结论:这是个人才,录取！<br />
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但是,在中国有一个很大的矛盾:生产资料是全民所有制,干部却是单位私有 制。ー个单位可以把ー个或ー批人才冷藏ー辈子<br />
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长江航运科研所不肯放人。<br />
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198I年11月,袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他,向他汇 报了招生的情况,特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。<br />
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袁庚很激动。<br />
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“小王是不是党员?”<br />
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“不是。”<br />
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“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量,开个头,那里不肯放,就辞职!我这 里收。最多就是人家去告状,最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先 例。告到国务院,我们就把这个同志的情况报上去,中央领导会支持我们。新华社 社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开’干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人 在单位不充分发挥作用,又不让调,这个局面不打开是不成的!”<br />
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林鸿慈被袁庚打动了,写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁,同时通过各种渠道 去做说服、疏通工作。终于,用不着王潮梁辞职,单位同意放人了。1982年,王潮 梁来到蛇口工业区。<br />
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五、企业管理研究生<br />
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1982年12月的一天晚上,ー个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
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这是一次事先约定的会见。<br />
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年轻人叫余昌民,刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清 华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生,工作了八九年,深感中国企业管理的弊病 太多,1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年, 专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息,《读卖新闻》为 此发了专稿,登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了,干什么好呢?学校建议他到国家 经委属下的中国企业研究协会去,这当然是个专业对口的美差,但是在武汉工作的 爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候,蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。他每星期上街 去买《深圳特区报》,得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝,如饥似渴地加以研 究。不难判断,蛇口エ业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去!决心下定了,系 里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会,经朋友介绍,他就来登门拜访了。<br />
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会面的一瞬间,两个人互相观察了一下。<br />
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“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗?穿件中式棉袄,和一般的老干部没啥差别,不 是想象中的那个改革家的模样,而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真 的值得?”<br />
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真正的一闪念,没容余昌民多想,袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
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谈话开门见山。<br />
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“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里?”<br />
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“在于体制。”<br />
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“对了!”袁庚兴奋起来,侃侃而谈,“上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦,说 他们要一千人,劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用,那七百是搭配的闲人,你再要, 就再搭配,再多余,反正是大锅饭,大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了,还说这是社会主义 的优越性!这样,工厂冗员越来越多,工厂成了小社会,在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的, 形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ,败坏着我们的民族素质!这样的体制不改革,我们 就没有出路!”<br />
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“我的ー篇论文,提出了企业的素质问题。”<br />
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“有何高见?”<br />
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“素质,好比基本作用,像女排,形成了她们的基本作风,就有战斗カ。”<br />
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“就把ー个企业比作球队吧,假如你是教练,别人随便塞人给你,你怎么办?”<br />
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“我不要。”<br />
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“不要不行!”<br />
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“那我不干。”<br />
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“对了,就得这样。”<br />
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一老ー少,越谈越投机,彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处ー闪而过的那点 疑虑也完全打消了。<br />
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“我们这里可要冒点风险。”<br />
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“正因为这样オ要去,建设好了还去干什么?”<br />
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“你个人有什么要求?”<br />
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“只要求家属ー起去。”<br />
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“这个我们来办。”<br />
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两个月后,余昌民父亲去世,回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化,系里要留他。 企业管理系刚刚建立,工作需要,理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚 飞往蛇口,收不回来了。<br />
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1983年3月,袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客,系里派余昌民随行。系 领导的目的,是让校长对余昌民有个印象,说服他留下来,同时出面解决他家属的 户ロ问题。<br />
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谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口,袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有,余昌 民暗示要做刘达的工作。<br />
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余昌民再一次请求:“校长,让我来蛇口吧。”<br />
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“系里要我帮忙留你,我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。<br />
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袁庚一再要求支持:“刘达同志,把小余给我们吧,我们迫切需要企业管理的专 门人才。”<br />
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刘达心动了。这位参加过“ー二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
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回去后,余昌民给系里写了报告,对系里的教育培养表示感谢,说明清华企业 管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设,这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都 至关重要。<br />
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问题迎刃而解。7月,夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。<br />
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当余昌民到エ业区大楼报到的时候,在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉 着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口,边走边说:“你是研究企业管理的,你先熟悉ー 下情况,有把握了再谈工作……”<br />
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袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信,其中有一段话:<br />
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关于小余的事,同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失ー小余,无妨 大局,蛇口得之,如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下,エ业区将受其惠。<br />
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重感情的刘达,把这封信送给了余昌民,让他留作永久的纪念。<br />
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六、星期天的早晨<br />
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星期天早晨8点钟,顾立基刚起床,洗了脸,正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同 学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的,大家都熬了夜,现在让他们多睡一会儿 吧。顾立基轻手轻脚,唯恐弄出一点声音来。<br />
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“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗?”<br />
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门外传来ー个声音。顾立基一看,走廊上站着ー个六十多岁的老人和一个 姑娘。<br />
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“我就是顾立基,您是?”<br />
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“我是袁庚,蛇口的袁庚〇”老人首先伸出手来,“这是我女儿尼亚,她不放心我 的身体,一定要陪我来,其实我的身体还可以。你看,骑了半小时车子,轻松愉快。”<br />
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顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 他深受感动。<br />
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“我们到楼下谈吧,同学们还在睡觉。”<br />
<br />
楼下有一张靠背长椅,三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨,不冷不热,阳光和煦, 轻风拂面,校园一片宁静的气氛。<br />
<br />
“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会?”<br />
<br />
“是的,现在会员有一千多人了,成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。”<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长?”<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊,”顾立基笑了, “我是说过想当厂长,为此还惹过ー些麻 烦呢。”<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦?”<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。”<br />
<br />
“岂有此理!想当个厂长是什么野心!’不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’,这 是拿破仑说的还是谁说的? 一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对!”<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的,但是我感到中国更需要管理人才,所以主动旁听了企业管理 系研究生的全部课程。”<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧,我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班,要培养大量的管理人才。”<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像,我的心就动了,只是还没下定决心。”<br />
<br />
“现在呢?”<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了,去蛇口。”<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗?”<br />
<br />
有什么困难? 1982年的初夏,社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的,有人在 报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界,影射特区有变成租界的危险,造成一股无形的压 力,因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些,可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的 人在ー起,冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去,下属工厂任他挑选,这 些,对他有一定的吸引力。他自从!967年中学毕业,1968年进上海印染机械修配 厂,十年中当过锅炉エ、车エ、錠エ、钳エ、电エ,当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不 惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为,1974年顾立基和他们争吵过ー 次,挨了批斗,却受到工人们的同情,和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要 毕业了 ,朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查,他是材料组的负责 人,如果不来上大学,早就走上领导岗位了,现在回去,工作安排是不成问题的。但 是,陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大,他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的 是,母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房,姐妹们都在外地,母亲 希望他留在身边,爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口,使他动了感情,他滔 滔不绝地发起议论来。<br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办ー个工业区 呢?为了在那块地方搞改革,搞全面的改革,从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度,都 要改,不改就没有出路。过去三十年,极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。 1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候,海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体,都是青年,他们为什 么要跑?因为我们穷!<br />
<br />
“’四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’,越搞跑的人越多。ー些村子的青壮年几乎跑 光了,真叫人欲哭无泪!蛇口对面就是香港的元朗,相隔只有6000米,晴天能看到 它的高楼,它就是在我们’十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了, 必须把经济搞上去,这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公 里,对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛,我们改革成功了,对全国就有很大 的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛,无伤大局。当然,我们一定要尽最大的 努力,争取成功,避免失败。我们这ー代人是老了,当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时 候,时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……”<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动,身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚,望 着自己的父亲,眼睛也有点热了……<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来,当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书,1984年4月被聘为 办公室主任。<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚,因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口,听说顾立基6日 ー早要去香港,5日晚我去登门拜访。<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告,我为 了听这个报告,推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的,谁都可以听,欢迎你去。”ー见面 顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗?”<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难,他在蛇口不会待太久,一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告, 你最好陪他回宿舍ーー他儿子的住处,或者宾馆,这样边走边谈,可以谈十来分 钟……”<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗?<br />
<br />
不管怎样,先听听他的报告再说吧。<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半,袁庚的报告准时开始。<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影,大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。 今天这个会也叫新闻发布会,街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂,基本上坐满 了,放眼望过去,都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。<br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上, 顾立基主持大会。<br />
<br />
ー开始,袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕,只讲个把钟头。”<br />
<br />
人们笑了,其实怕的是他讲得太短。<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问,历时23天,访问了 4个国家、16个公司、18个城市,从新加坡 开始,往西到英国,再到美国、日本,整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处,受到隆重的、 破格的接待,我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们 四个人,而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化,在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到 做蛇口人的光荣。”<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张,出国访问要花自己的钱,花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、 软弱的地位。这次出访,他们带了 20万美金的信用卡,足够用了,所到之处都坚持 这个原则,唯独在新加坡失灵了。那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系,但新加 坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检,从飞机场ー直送到最高级的香格里拉大 酒店,袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前,这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫 人;在他之后,住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨）,每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观 什么项目,全部满足要求。临走结账时,酒店经理说:“在你们到来之前,已经有人 付了全部费用。”<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁,英国老板们在海员罢エ浪潮的 冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们,给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深 刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说:“我们原打算3年之内种植 20万株月季,把蛇口建成玫瑰之城,现在看来太落后了……”<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国,主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡,大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔,华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民,交给他一把金钥匙。女 市长在宴会上说:“我是百分之百的中国人,也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说:“我 很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判,就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过, “在经济问题上,兄弟无情,六亲不认!何况是与外国人谈判「’<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前,有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过 的曲折。<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日,袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件,大家听了很高兴,但我们不要高兴得过早。不 要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了,但官僚主义、 红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事,还是有的。例如我们正在谈判 的浮法玻璃厂,到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃,为什么不准我们用 最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ?最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局 交涉。她们去的时候,人家一口答应,讲你们回去好了,但等我们企业室派人带合 同去盖章的时候,又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干,他们讲:‘你们派了记 者、作家来,我敢不答应吗?弄得不好,你们要写报告文学,写内参,我受得了 吗,？……”<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨,交涉了九个月,オ过了国内这ー关。<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判,当然不可能用这么长的时间,但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想 而知的。<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂,简直是一座玻璃城!它生产各式各样 的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃,用25磅大锤从20米外打去,地皮都震动了,玻璃却安 然无恙。我们和美国合资,投资ー亿美元,引进一座同样的エ厂,买他的专利,以后 我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点,集中在每年所付专利费 占销售总额的百分比上。<br />
<br />
美方要6%,我们还价4% 〇<br />
<br />
美方降到5%,我们加到4.5%。<br />
<br />
寸利必争,形成僵局。<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。<br />
<br />
“先生们,我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针,2000年前发明了火药,全人类 <br />
都在享受这些伟大的成果,可是他们从来没有要过什么专利,我们作为后代从来没 有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋,而是觉得光荣。请问各位,那时候你们的祖先在哪 里?恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前,是不是毛特别多……”<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前,一个个咧嘴笑了。<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕,我的意思不是不付专利费,而是要求公平合理r’<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格,坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们,说不 定会抗议呢!“你骂我们的祖先,是可忍,孰不可忍ド’<br />
<br />
终于达成协议:4.75%,为期!0年。<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进ー个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂,专利 费是5% ,时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处,绝不能走 美国的路!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退,エ业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走,他们还 有点生气,现在停滞不前了。<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方,转移到太平洋 沿岸。<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了,现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈,今天 下午四点半ー踏上蛇口码头,就感到无比的清新,感到ー草一木都非常亲切。<br />
<br />
“10月1日,蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话,那是大家的 功劳！<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的,思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上,我们ー定要 赶上和超过他们!”<br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时,宣布散会了,大家意犹未尽。<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了,我放弃了跟上去的打算。<br />
<br />
ハ、“搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
8月7日,袁庚开了一整天会,据说8日也不会有空,而9日ー早又要回香港 了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上,我给他写了一封信,说明这一次 如果不能和他交谈,我将等待,直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨,我把这封信 交给了エ业区党委副书记乔胜利,请他转交。<br />
<br />
8日上午,我到办公大楼访问王潮梁,两人刚坐下来,办公室副主任黄振超匆<br />
<br />
匆忙忙地叫我:“袁董回来了,快去见他!”<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉,说明另改时间,急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的,中间隔着大块的透明玻璃,老远就看 见了袁庚,他手里正拿着一大摞文件。<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候,黄振超在旁边向他说明:“只是见见面,不会占你很多 时间。”<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说:<br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的?来搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了,而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。我 知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。梁宪说过,前几年在北京开会,有一天袁庚 看了张洁的小说《爱,是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章,问他:“你认识这个作家 吗?咱们把她请到蛇口去!”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所 了解的,“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。<br />
<br />
我也笑着说:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋,要写你和蛇口。”<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下,舒服地往藤椅上一靠,摆出了准备 谈ー阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好,这里问题多得 很,改革每前进ー步都要经过斗争,到处充满着矛盾。”<br />
<br />
我说:“正是这一点吸引了我。”<br />
<br />
“ー个国家没有民主是不行的,而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。 我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国,政治家演说,群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿 扔他,他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的,但这ー套对巩固资产阶级的统 治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底,孙中山是 想搞民主的,他死得太早,没搞成。中华民族是伟大的,但是历史的包袱太重了。”<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿,她在美国学企业管理,谈起来也说:在 美国深有感慨,感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重〇<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族,就没有什么框框,我在报告会上也说了,他们的总督牌香烟广 告有一句口号是’想做就去做’,这句话香港也接受不了,译成’应做就去做’〇当 然,想干什么就干什么是不行的,但我们许多应干的事却干不成。”<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历,他扼要地做了回答,着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命” 中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时,这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来,<br />
<br />
微笑着站在那里不动,我知道是催他去开会,我们的谈话该结束了。<br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志,我们马上又赶到 太子宾馆,和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢,对监狱内外情形 都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说:<br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨,出来就蔦儿了,可是他不,他的劲头反而更大了。”<br />
<br />
我心里说:这オ是袁庚!<br />
<br />
过了几天,乔胜利对陈宜浩说:“袁董看了我的信,答应下次回来再和我谈。” 可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。<br />
<br />
8月25日上午,我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息,急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联 系。但是太迟了,他过了中午又要回香港,而上午的时间已经排满,就在和我通话 的时候,他不得不放下电话去开门。他说:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧,不要紧的,我们没有秘密。”<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访,ー时想不齐全,只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字, 他ーー做了回答:“这些也要发表吗?”我说:“不一定发表。”他说:“发表也没关系, 那天我讲话外国人也听了。”<br />
<br />
我说:“将来排出校样,送给你看看好吗?免得事实有出入。”<br />
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“不必了。不要什么都审查,出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的,难免出点差 错。捅点娄子也不要紧。”<br />
<br />
“好了,谢谢您。”<br />
<br />
“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。<br />
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一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观,来到铝材厂门口时,他向学 员们介绍:这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人,23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起 来,大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停エ,ー个工人从高处摔下来受了伤,他的哥哥跑 过去看了看,见弟弟没有生命危险,便又回去干活了。<br />
<br />
袁庚说:“日本不富没有天理!中国改革不富也没有天理!”<br />
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现在我想说:蛇口的改革不成功没有天理!<br />
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九、大鹏魂<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚,魁梧、潇洒,兼有外交家和实业家的风度,具有一种吸引人的魅 カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢?<br />
拨开历史的迷雾,我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园,算 是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。<br />
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1935年,他毕业于广州广雅中学,随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测 量员,他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校,陈济棠下台后,这家军校成了国民党中央军 校的分校。在学校里,袁庚是活跃的足球门将,练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕 业,他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官,ー个个腐化不堪,对民族危亡无动于衷,便愤 然回到故乡大鹏镇,担任第一小学校长,同时兼任地方自卫队教官。<br />
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学校是国民党办的,自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的,但是学校和自卫队中都有 中共地下党员。<br />
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戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚,在当地是ー个重要人物,三种政治力量对他都很 重视。<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文,和他住到ー起,亲自考察他。<br />
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革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
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1939年3月27日,袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党,从这ー 天起,他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。<br />
<br />
当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党 的漫画,刺痛了国民党区党部,他的处境变得危险了,党组织于!939年冬天把他转 移到党领导的抗日游击队,从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子, 像大鹏ー样展翅高飞了。<br />
<br />
抗日战争期间,美军作为盟军,在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组,担任东纵联 络处处长的袁庚,和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示,东纵和美 军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报,对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。<br />
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日寇投降时,英军远在缅甸,ー个海军少将只率领ー营人乘航空母舰赶到香 港。他的兵力不足以维持治安,要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央,中 央复电:为了对付国民党的内战阴谋,坚决撤离港九地区;同时要求在香港设立联 络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判,袁庚不辱使命,漂亮地完成了任务,并成为驻 香港办事处的第一任主任,这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能 想到,历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折,二十多年后,这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。<br />
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十、秦城监狱<br />
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1968年4月6日,袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家,到机关去上班。北京的4月 初,春寒料峭,风沙迷眼,加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报,形成一片肃杀气氛,使袁 庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作,刚告一段落,还来不及喘口气, 就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息,他于愤 懑中保持着镇定。<br />
<br />
回到办公室不久,有人通知:“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门,看到 除部长之外,还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长,面孔板得像 ー座木雕。<br />
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“袁庚,你被捕了!”<br />
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下午,机关召开大会,部长在会上宣布:“袁庚是美国特务,已经依法逮捕。”袁 庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和 刘丹ー,互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周 总理安全的情景,记忆犹新,那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间,周旋于华侨社会 之中,眼睛熬红了,人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场,天理何在?!<br />
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与此同时,汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中,勒令交出所有的钥匙,开始抄家。 翻箱倒柜,从下午抄到天黑,然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时,オ发现三个 孩子被关在门外不准进家,左邻右舍也不敢收留,孩子们在抹眼泪……<br />
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从此以后,袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里,也不知是死是 活,到哪里打听都说不知道。!969年,汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校,孩 子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”,但作为“反革命家属”， 她只能干最脏最累的活,如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎,痛得胳膊抬 不起来,医生建议回北京治疗,干校就是不准。直到!972年初夏,她的大孩子中印 就要下乡插队了,她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服,打点行装,オ被批准。<br />
<br />
1972年7月,袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后,有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去 探监。“他还活着,他还活着!”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。<br />
<br />
汪宗谦心酸地发现,袁庚行走困难,说话声音也变了,而且他不知道当时是何 年何月！<br />
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原来监狱里日夜亮着灯,犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替,失去了时间的概念;<br />
睡觉时只准脸朝外,一条腿总是压在下边,时间长了造成萎缩;长期不讲话,声带都 沙哑了。<br />
<br />
我曾经听说,袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西,只有放风时在天井里看到 墙根的小草。问他是不是这样,他说:<br />
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“不,还有蚂蚁,我对蚂蚁很有研究。”<br />
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这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量!<br />
<br />
汪宗谦见过了袁庚,就为救他而奔走了。<br />
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“没见他不知道他死活,既然知道他还活着,我就怕他死了!问题还没搞清,死 了孩子们都得背黑锅呀!他住在楼上,要到楼下的天井放风,上下都很辛苦,我到 中央接待站去上访,请求把他搬到楼下来,这个要求被接受了。”<br />
<br />
袁庚搬到楼下的ー间房,发现席子底下有一团花白的头发,他判断这里关过ー 个五十多岁的女同志。后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事,王光美 说:“没错,正是我住过的那间房。”<br />
<br />
袁庚出狱,已是1973年9月30日,整整关了 5年半。<br />
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在狱中,睡觉时只要一转身,看守就在外边敲门。夜晚,敲门声常常把人惊醒。 袁庚回到家里,刚一入睡就惊醒了,这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年,这种心悸 病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能,却用了更长的时间。每天,汪宗谦搀 着袁庚,ー步,ー步,慢慢地走,越走越远,越走越快,走了一年之久,两条腿オ恢复 了平衡。<br />
<br />
更可悲的是,有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子,出来不会走直路了,一走就 转圈,连马路也不能过。人啊,人！人的尊严到哪里去了！<br />
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经过一年多的休养治疗,1975年,袁庚被分配到交通部,当了外事局副局长。<br />
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ー恢复工作,袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体ー样活跃起来。<br />
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恢复工作之前,袁庚骑自行车上街,总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道,“不能开 慢点吗” !恢复工作之后,自己也坐上了小汽车,有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了, “不能靠边骑吗” !他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化,在心里警告自己道: “可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀!”<br />
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多年来,这成了他的一个信条。<br />
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十ー、香港第一课<br />
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1978年,做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚,以花甲之年改行搞经济,被派<br />
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到香港招商局担任副董事长。<br />
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招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日,招商局 香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱,从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。 历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长,所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。 从李鸿章算起,袁庚是第29任了。<br />
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香港招商局在极'左‘思想影响之下,经营单一,困守一隅,搞了几十年没有什 么发展。袁庚到任,根据中央定下的“以航运为中心,立足港澳,背靠内地,面向海 外,多种经营,工商结合,买卖结合”的方针,以铁腕大力整顿。<br />
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袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说:<br />
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“我到香港的第一课,就是买了一座大楼,非常便宜,只花了 6180万（港币）。 第一次交订金时,支票2000万。那天是星期五,当时讲好下午2点钟,在ー个律师 楼里,大家一手交钱,一手交货。我们开了 2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的 对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里,发动机都没有停。ー上去之后,大 家一手交货,一手交钱,签字。签完字,对方拿着支票,两个人夹住,下去了。剩下 ー个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度,马上存到银行里去了。 因为明天是礼拜六了,人家银行关门,礼拜天也关门,假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前 不到银行去交那个支票的话,他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支 票交给他。我们的财务去了,他回来向我们报告,他说当时那个场面是很动人的。 当然,我们闭着眼睛也能想到,资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重 视,当时浮动利息是!4厘,三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志,那就 无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去,回家。他没有这个观念!这就是香港第一课。 我也不怕自惭形秽,ー窍不通,我接触经济工作,仅仅是5年多前开始的。但ー开 始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多!招商局的子公司多的是,ー检查,发现支 票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了 ,换了一个华东 财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后,我就给他讲这个道理,ー个礼拜之内他就能够接 受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事,立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后,财源 滚滚而来。……这个’时间就是金钱’,不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我,其实 这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’,它说得比我还 厉害,时间重于金钱!”<br />
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招商局走上轨道,袁庚就考虑进ー步的发展了。1979年初,他和有关同志带 着在蛇口开发エ业区的蓝图,到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志 很感兴趣,当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给エ业区,袁庚还没有这个胆量,只要了<br />
<br />
2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候,袁庚心里默默 地说:<br />
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“先念同志,签吧,您这ー笔下去,将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀!”<br />
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十二、淸新<br />
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1984年8月,蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅,迎面是ー架屏 风,正中间挂着一幅草书,苍劲流畅的书法,引人注目,细看那内容,更是气度非凡。 这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本,把它抄了下来。<br />
<br />
登微波楼<br />
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微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
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时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
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宝安袁庚<br />
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我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
<br />
我有同感。<br />
<br />
蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
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六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
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晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
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啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
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十三、心血<br />
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清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
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ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
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1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
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这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
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施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
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午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
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下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
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厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
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的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
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我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
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我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
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龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
<br />
“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
<br />
“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
<br />
“你有什么打算?”<br />
<br />
“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
<br />
“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
<br />
“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
<br />
在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
<br />
十五、激动的工程师<br />
<br />
7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
<br />
蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
<br />
边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
<br />
“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
<br />
的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
<br />
“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
<br />
46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
<br />
他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
<br />
王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
<br />
袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
<br />
管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
<br />
当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
<br />
“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
<br />
“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
<br />
“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
<br />
“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
<br />
“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
<br />
“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
<br />
“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
<br />
“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
<br />
“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
<br />
了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
<br />
父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
<br />
“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
<br />
当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
<br />
“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
<br />
“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
<br />
“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
<br />
“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
<br />
第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
<br />
12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
<br />
1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
<br />
王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
<br />
“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
<br />
“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
<br />
“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
<br />
“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
<br />
“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
<br />
“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
<br />
“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
<br />
王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
<br />
十六、年轻的总经理<br />
<br />
一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
<br />
说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
<br />
“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
<br />
只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
<br />
她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
<br />
“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
<br />
“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
<br />
“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
<br />
“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=155777Report CN EN 032023-06-12T08:39:02Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：5.痴情 */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情Obsession==<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with Long Hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies were always covered; whereas in the West, people loved nudity, which seemed to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个ー丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there was a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush and painting a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting was not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, had you ever thought that some of us would cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us would stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, would come like snowflakes. You might even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Were you fearless, or seized by a whim? You were out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he was painting.<br />
<br />
他站在一间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着一支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着ー张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stood in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looked disheveled, and his bosom was stained with different colors. His hair was long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there was a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exactly did you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound Train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it was today. The platforms were clean, the corridors were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the regions south of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North…<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像一块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, and cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man--that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes…"<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me…"<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows — the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"On a business trip? Or visit family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student at Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone…"<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What…"<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break…"<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man!"<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. The resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
"So I don't understand art…"<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多少欢聚与悲离的 故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉一线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小伙子,而是一个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
During the long journey, as the young people of the same generation, it was the fate to meet each other in this running train! In life, many stories of reunion and departure were drawn by the heavy line across the land! The girl was close to the small table by the window, resting her chin in the hand, listening to the young man talk, and watching his expression. It seemed that he was not a young guy, but a strong and confident man. Calculating his age, he was even a few years older than the girl. Why did he give that illusion before? Alas, the age of men was really hard to guess...<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为一个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是一个有抱负、有才华的人!”<br />
<br />
Out of the female’s sensitivity, the girl suddenly felt shy and embarrassed. The condescending arrogance that she had just showed was now reversed and replaced by her hazy admiration. The girl looked at the painter's dress again, and the non-matching colors of black and red were not so conspicuous. Although the painter's cotton jacket was still so black, the collar of the underwear was still so crooked, and the hair was still so disheveled, in the eyes of the girl, they all became the evidence that the young man was a bachelor who was immersed in art and had no time to take care of himself, which touched the girl's heart of compassion: "It seems that he is an ambitious and talented man!"<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
The painter took out his drawing board, spread the paper and said to the girl, "Please allow me to make a sketch of you."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
The girl nodded her head.<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简直像一个拙笨的新手。好半天,才抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
The painter drew very slowly, feeling ill at ease. The more he tried to draw well, the more nervous he became, and the brush was out of control. He was like a clumsy novice. After a long time, he apologized and said, "Sorry, I didn’t draw well…"<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来一看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会”了画家的灵犀。<br />
<br />
When the girl took it and looked, two red clouds rose on her cheeks. This sketch was not as good as the one of the mechanic, and those rigid lines were flaws of the work. To say it bluntly, she looked uglier in the painting than she really was. Is that what I look like? The girl had a reason to make a protest. However, she understood and forgave the painter with a sweet smile. Honestly, she didn't even want to see him too calm, too relaxed, like facing the model in the studio. The girl no longer regarded "resemblance in appearance" as so important, and she “understood tacitly” the painter's spirit.<br />
<br />
画纸的一角是签名和年月——袁运生,画于1964年2月。<br />
<br />
In one corner of the paper were the signature and date--Yuan Yunsheng, painted in February 1964.<br />
<br />
画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "Give it to you."<br />
<br />
姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
<br />
The girl said, "Thank you, I’ll keep it as a memory."<br />
<br />
“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信地址?”<br />
<br />
"You see, I was so careless that I forgot to ask your name." The painter said, "Could you write down your mailing address?"<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
<br />
The girl smiled: "My name is Zhang Lanying." And she wrote down the address on the painter's sketchbook.<br />
<br />
火车抵达浦口,他们已经像一对熟识的老朋友了。从一个艺术型的医学院学生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
<br />
When the train arrived in Pukou, they already looked like two old friends. Many common temperaments could be found between an artistic medical student and a serious artist. The passengers on the same train thought they had known each other for a long time and treated them as a couple, saying goodbye to them with the appellation of “you two”.<br />
<br />
画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空一样清澈,像江水一样深沉……<br />
<br />
The painter sent the girl to the shore of the Yangtze River, a wet wind blowing from the river. It was time to part, and both of them were reluctant to leave. Lanying looked at Yuan Yunsheng with the warm and fond gaze, and that means everything! As clear as the sky, as deep as the river…<br />
<br />
呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江交织起来的一见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
Heh! Pretty girl, you were too sentimental. Did you know him? The story of love at first sight, woven by the main Beijing-Pukou line and the winding Yangtze River, was too indiscreet.<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
<br />
The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River <br />
<br />
在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,一只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认真地涂抹着油彩,画出一个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
<br />
In the days of glorious morning light of the 1950s, a young boy's delicate hand, holding a paintbrush, was earnestly spreading the paint on the linen to draw a little girl with the same earnest expression, who was imitating her sister's movement, tying a bright red scarf around her neck.<br />
<br />
这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐一样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
<br />
This oil painting was sent from Nantong in Jiangsu Province to Beijing as an assignment for applying for the highest academy of arts, presenting the young painter’s sparkling artistic talent and a crystal-clear heart. The title was "Growing up to be like my sister", painted by Yuan Yunsheng.<br />
<br />
看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年除夕送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出一批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的艺术功底。<br />
<br />
When looking at this oil painting, people might think that the painter had a soft and gentle femininity. In fact, he was just the opposite. He was stubborn and unrestrained, like a boisterous colt. His love of painting since childhood was mainly influenced by his father. His father worked in a middle school in Nantong. In his spare time, he enthusiastically collected various fine art works. Every year on the New Year’s Eve, they would bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new, and his father would always hang a number of new paintings on the wall, including Chinese and foreign ones, like a small exhibition, full of the atmosphere of the art salon. The paintings collected at home gave Yuan Yunsheng some enlightenment in art. When he got a little bit older, he went to the Cultural Center in Nantong to participate in activities, attend lectures, learn to sketch, and paint, laying the first foundation of art.<br />
<br />
当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来一副犟脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
<br />
When he applied to the Central Academy of Fine Arts, his father said with worry: "The boy was born with stubbornness, which makes us uneasy."<br />
<br />
哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,一个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人 需要有个性。”<br />
<br />
His brother Yuan Yunfu, who was also involved in fine art, kept cheering him on: "Go ahead. people involved in fine art needs to have a personality."<br />
<br />
1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
<br />
In the summer of 1955, the Central Academy of Fine Arts announced the admission of new students, Yuan Yunsheng ranking the first.<br />
<br />
如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画派。这是19世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画就像一部小说或一出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝圣者像请佛一样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
<br />
If Yuan Yunsheng's work for the entrance examination could be classified as a certain school of art, it would be the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions. It was a progressive school of painting that emerged in Russia in the 19th century. It simulated life, emphasized themes, and focused on plot. A painting was like a novel or a play. It inherited Rembrandt’s tradition of realism and absorbed the Impressionism’s achievements in the use of light and color. After the October Revolution, it enjoyed the supreme position in the Soviet art circle and was invited to China by Chinese pilgrims, like inviting the Buddha. Of course, Yuan Yunsheng, only 17 years old, did not know the essence of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, let alone that the school of art was linked to the school of politics.<br />
<br />
他像奔跑在艺术山野 里的小鹿,一头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
<br />
Like a fawn running in the wilderness of art, he bumped into the arms of Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions.<br />
<br />
袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身 好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件 和艺术才能的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖力气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严格的训练——<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng was highly regarded by the academy. He was born in a good family (it was rare to have such a family background at that time) and excelled in the examination. He sat in the first-year classroom with a nimbus of political condition and artistic talent hanging over his head. He was elected as the commissary of Communist Youth League in charge of organization, who was totally the epitome of a socialist-minded and professionally competent man. He was also a real hard worker, and was very stubborn, taking everything seriously. Under the guidance of Soviet-style teaching methods, he received strict training--<br />
<br />
挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与被画者保持绝对的耐性 。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面 ”,画上一整天,只画了半个头像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履的中年人走过来,这是礼聘 来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供同学们观摩。<br />
<br />
Choosing a HB pencil, and sharpening it, and sketching in front of male and female models. The models were recruited at a very high price, both nude and non-nude. Under certain lights, the painter and the object stayed absolutely patient. He sketched out the outline at first, figured out the “light and plane”, and then drew all day long, only to have half picture of the head; the next day, the same scene was repeated under the same conditions; then, a middle-aged man with a high nose and deep eyes, dressed in a suit, came over, who was an expert invited cordially. Whenever he passed behind Yuan Yunsheng, his face often showed a look of satisfaction. Yuan Yunsheng got five points for all his sketches and oil paintings, which were sometimes hung in the classroom or in the corridor for students to watch.<br />
<br />
这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉柯夫教学体系。-袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀——苏联在中国土地上开办的艺术工厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
<br />
That year, a sketch and oil painting teaching conference of national fine art academies was held in Beijing to promote the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union. A half-length portrait of a Chinese woman painted by Yuan Yunsheng was shown off on the conference--a standard mode produced by the art factory of the Soviet Union in China.<br />
<br />
苏联专家的宠儿 ,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
<br />
He was the favorite of the Soviet experts, and the pride of the Oil Painting Department. He had a lot of success and a bright future. He immersed himself in the painting all day long, with his hand keeping waving, like a devout disciple prostrating himself before his art idol, and praying that his soul would ascend to the temple of art, seating on a throne surrounded by roses with a crown of pearls… It was the highest ideal for college students majoring in oil painting at that time.<br />
<br />
但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
<br />
But the naive faith was not solid, like an edifice built on a thin and narrow foundation, which could easily collapse. Once it was subverted, it could cause endless troubles.<br />
<br />
苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便朝那里走去。他停在一帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来一阵电灼般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
<br />
Distress had come to him, and he brought it upon himself. One morning, he heard that there was an exhibition of paintings being held in the hall, and went there. He stopped in front of a sequence of copies of the oil paintings, casting a calm glance upon it, and his whole body felt an electric sensation. His heart was shaking, and his blood was boiling.<br />
<br />
这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风 的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的感情,像酒一样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
<br />
These were the works of the European Post-Impressionist painter Van Gogh, with ordinary and simple images: fields, haystacks, a clock reflected by the setting sun, and sunflowers in clay pots. In addition, there were some portraits of ordinary people: postmen, miners, movers, and inmates who were released for yard time. In these unpretentious pictures, the author poured out the strongest feelings, as strong as wine, like a flame burning!<br />
<br />
看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格 。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生——向日葵,仿佛摇身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探求……这哪里是绘画呀 ,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每一线条和每一色块都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
<br />
Look, the jagged trees were rebellious. The undulating earth seemed to tell of suffering. <br />
The painter poured deep feelings into those ordinary people. The still-life painting --sunflowers, seemed to turn into a living thing, stretching out its jumble of tentacles to the frozen space, capturing, swaying, and indefatigably seeking… It was not a painting, but a call of the painter's life, a representation of his character! Every line and every color block were flowing, coming through invisible channels to clamp people, annihilate them to a great vortex of emotion…<br />
<br />
袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被一支锐利的艺术之箭射穿了。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng walked out of the hall, with his legs wobbling, as if he was drunk, was hurt. His heart was pierced by a sharp arrow of art.<br />
<br />
他回到宿舍,一头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高才生转瞬间变成西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
<br />
He went back to the dormitory and threw himself onto the bed. It was ironic that a top student of the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union became a captive of the Western European Post-Impressionism in an instant.<br />
<br />
宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地问 :“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
<br />
When the door of the dormitory opened, his roommate came in. Seeing him pale and tired, he asked in surprise, "Yunsheng, what happened to you?"<br />
<br />
“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
<br />
"I went to see an exhibition of Van Gogh's paintings." Yuan Yunsheng sat up in bed and said, "I've never been so excited by the works of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions..."<br />
<br />
他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的基础。有这个就够了。下一步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚 。<br />
<br />
He expressed his thoughts. In his opinion, the merit of Soviet painting theory lied in the emphasis on placing the object under certain light, observing the levels and hues with a subtle look, and tracing it carefully, which was the basis of all paintings. It was enough. The next step was to break free and move forward, not to limit themselves.<br />
<br />
他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧上了天 ,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在干着什么蠢事呀? ……<br />
<br />
He was right. Throughout the history of art, each school had its own process of formation, development, vicissitudes, and ups and downs. The Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions deserved its place in the art circle without dispute. But once it was praised to the skies, and promoted by administrative means, it would be counterproductive and bring suffocating disaster to the art. In fact, in the 1950s, painters all over the world, including Soviet painters, were running, exploring and innovating. And how stupid we were! ...<br />
<br />
袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头 ,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng said excitedly: "We follow behind them and pick up what they have thrown away!"<br />
<br />
好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,一个几亿人的社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎 。<br />
<br />
His good friends were familiar with his character and sympathized with his comments, but they worried about him. At that time, a society of hundreds of millions of people prostrated itself before Soviet idols, and his words were tantamount to a form of blasphemy.<br />
<br />
从那以后,他变得不大安分了, 一头温驯的伏尔加式的 小鹿,现出烈性马驹的本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标。<br />
<br />
From then on, he became rebel. A tame fawn, like the one on the Volga car, showed the true colors of a boisterous colt. In addition to completing the homework as usual, he improvised with mixed painting techniques, as if he was pursuing an ethereal goal.<br />
<br />
目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
<br />
The goal, was finally found, unexpectedly close at hand.<br />
<br />
从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭一张学生证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹…… <br />
<br />
From the Shuaifuyuan where the Central Academy of Fine Arts was located, crossing the big roundabout between Wangfujing and Bamiancao, the Donghua Gate of the National Palace Museum was about a mile away. At that time, students from the Academy of Fine Arts enjoyed a special privilege. They could freely enter the imperial garden of ancient Chinese art with only a student ID card. Here he saw Chen Laolian’s “Bogu Yezi (A kind of card played while drinking in ancient China)” in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan’s “Qingming Shanghe Tu (Along the River During the Qingming Festival)” in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a large number of authentic works of famous painters of the Tang Dynasty…<br />
<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
<br />
His favorite work was the "Luo Shen Fu (The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River)" by Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.<br />
<br />
长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象力!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人,栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱翔……<br />
<br />
Long scroll, romantic conception, how imaginative! The landscape was peaceful and spacious, with quiet and wonderful rivers and mountains; the figures were lifelike, dancing in the air. Was the resemblance in appearance? Was the resemblance in spirit? Between likeness and unlikeness, that was the author's mind soaring…<br />
<br />
他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条表现出高超的魅力。<br />
<br />
He put his eyes close to the scroll. The brush strokes, appearing ageless for thousands of years, like the spring silkworms spinning fine and exquisite silk, drew freely. He thought of the Soviet oil painting theory that denied the existence of lines. But in Chinese painting, the general and terse lines showed the high charm.<br />
<br />
站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他的思绪如抛出的一缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
<br />
Standing in this ancient resplendent hall, a long flowing river of art swept passed by before his eyes, and his thoughts stretched out like a wisp of gossamer. If we compared the fashionable Western art and the ancient Oriental art to two poles, there seemed to be something between the two poles that was closely related. Oh, he understood. When we got into a mut, ignored what was near and seek what was far away, those elves and devils of abstractionism, fauvism, modernism and futurism quietly got essence and extracted nutrients from the Oriental art to strengthen their bodies. That was the secret.<br />
<br />
祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
<br />
Motherland, your art is not water, not wine, not milk, but the magical royal jelly!<br />
<br />
虎丘<br />
<br />
Huqiu<br />
<br />
兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
<br />
After parting with the painter in Pukou, Lanying returned to school in Suzhou. In the blink of an eye, it was March. With spring breeze and newly sprouted willow trees, the town of flowing water under bridges liked a young girl, who was unveiled, affectionate with a lot of charm. <br />
<br />
姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
<br />
The girl's state of mind was also bright like waking spring.<br />
<br />
她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认识一下,如果手头有照片,请寄来一张。<br />
<br />
She received the painter’s letter from Nantong. The style of writing was free and easy. In the girl’s words: "The level is quite high!" The letter recalled the unforgettable scene on the train and expressed his feelings of missing her. He also said that his parents and brothers would like to get to know the girl, and if she had photos, please sent one.<br />
<br />
兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选一张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息一样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
<br />
Lanying opened the photo album without hesitation, selected a small photo, attached a short reply, and sent it to Nantong. This small act contained an unusual meaning, just like the shortest electromagnetic microwave can transmit significant information, it clearly expressed: the girl agreed to be his girlfriend.<br />
<br />
兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
<br />
Lanying's upbringing conditioned her to making her own decisions. She was born in Shandong province and grew up in the regions south of the Yangtze River. After her parents died, she moved with the troops from childhood. Wherever she went, it was her home, and she developed the ability to live independently. Over the years, she always received the warmth from the group and her female companions, but was never constrained. Perhaps she was a bit spoiled and coaxed by others, which made her form a stubborn personality.<br />
<br />
此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,一见钟情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
<br />
At the moment, she had a novel feeling that she was happier than the people around her. Because she had a right man in her heart, who affected her emotions. She silently enjoyed the secret pleasure of the young girl in love for the first time. She even imagined that once the secret was revealed, how surprised and envious her female companions would be! In their minds, her vison was very high. She was great looking and came from a privileged background. No male classmates dared to develop a relationship with her. It was not easy to take her fancy. It was done so artfully, neither by her parents’ choice, nor by the match-maker’s recommendation. She met him on a trip, and fell in love at first sight, bringing everything lime a whirlwind, so that the girl was full of desire for a better life. It was really romantic! So, she wove the future scenarios with sweet silk, anxiously waiting for the response from Nantong. Did he receive her letter? Would the painter's parents comment her when looking at her photo? Was she too pretty, or not enough? Alas! It was really hard to guess… The girl's heart was like the weather in the south of the Yangtze River in March. The temperature and weather changed abruptly.<br />
<br />
学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
<br />
The school was preparing for the Women's Day celebration. Lanying was the commissary in charge of entertainment of the class, a major role that bore a heavy burden of responsibility. The time passed quickly as she arranged the programs, made a blackboard newspaper, and decorated the venue.<br />
<br />
“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄起话筒,一惊一喜——那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
<br />
On Woman’s Day, the curtain was opened, and everyone was watching the stage. Suddenly someone called Lanying to answer the phone. She took up the microphone, and was surprised and delighted--it was the painter calling from the school's reception office.<br />
<br />
兰英极力掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,一阵风似的跑到学校的门口。<br />
<br />
Lanying tried to hide his excitement, turned to the students, vaguely explained a few words, and ran to the school gate like a gust of wind.<br />
<br />
画家站在那里,手中照例拿着一个速写本。<br />
<br />
The painter stood there, holding a sketchbook in his hand as usual.<br />
<br />
“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
<br />
"When did you arrive?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I just got off the train. I was passing through here after the home leave." The painter said.<br />
<br />
“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
<br />
"Please come in, do you … want to draw some sketches for our celebration?"<br />
<br />
“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……” <br />
<br />
"Not going in. I'd like to invite you out for a walk…"<br />
<br />
兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意味着向人生的一个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
<br />
Lanying hesitated for a moment. She was willing to accept the request, but also felt embarrassed. Since she entered the period of youth and became mature, Lanying spent this day with her female companions every year. Today she was going to leave her group, which meant saying goodbye to a stage of life. She thought about the discipline of the school, the opinion of classmates...<br />
<br />
“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
<br />
"Where are we going?" Lanying asked shyly.<br />
<br />
“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
<br />
"Huqiu." The painter's expression did not change.<br />
<br />
当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
<br />
When they got off the bus and stood at the foot of Huqiu Hill, the girl's uneasy heart was quieted down and relaxed. <br />
<br />
和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深”。沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
<br />
Compared with the small gardens in Suzhou City, Huqiu was a broad and quiet place to visit. The first two lines of Bai Juyi's poem on Huqiu were " The temple doesn't look far away, but it's very deep in the garden.” Walking along the stone path to the garden, there were many pines and cypresses, clear and blue sword pool, thick and tall groves of bamboo hiding the buildings and pavilions on the hillside: Temple of Chloris, Three Smiles pavilion... Walking deeper and there was more quiet, like walking into a sweet dream.<br />
<br />
这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在一起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
<br />
It was the first time Lanying had been alone with a man. There were mysterious waves in the girl’s heart. She felt that she had a lot to say to the painter, but she didn't know where to start.<br />
<br />
“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
<br />
"Have you received the photo?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I received. My family saw it and they all like you." The painter said.<br />
<br />
可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术。他对这一带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而倾倒。<br />
<br />
But the painter soon changed the subject. He commented on the local customs and culture of Suzhou and introduced the plastic art of the regions south of the Yangtze River. He seemed to be familiar with the area and knew a lot of anecdotes. The girl listened to him with great interest and was overwhelmed with admiration by the painter's profound knowledge.<br />
<br />
前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去 ,仿佛在祝福这一对美好的情侣。突然,一股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
<br />
Huqiu Pagoda was just ahead. The towering spire thrust into the blue sky and white clouds, magnificent and magical. Lanying and the painter ran towards the top of the hill with excitement. The painter stretched out his strong arm to support the girl. They were so close to each other, feeling the heat of each other's breath and heart beating. Pines, cypresses, and bamboo forests swayed backwards, as if they were blessing the wonderful couple. Suddenly, with a blazing feeling, they both stopped at the same time.<br />
<br />
这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰一样醉红,双唇像微微绽开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己一样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后一瞬……<br />
<br />
Here was surrounded by hills and trees, empty and silent. The painter stared at the girl with a frank and honest look; Lanying closed her eyes happily, ready to receive a baptism of love that would never be forgotten. The golden sunlight, through the branches of the trees, cast waving shadows on the girl’s face. Her cheeks were as red as roses, and her lips were like slightly blooming petals, more beautiful than usual. What a pure girl. Opening the window of her heart, there wasn’t any trace of dust and impurities. Although it was her second meeting with the painter, she trusted him and life as she trusted herself. Hold her tight, kiss her with fervor. She would be yours forever, from now until the last moment of your life…<br />
<br />
“兰英,我要告诉你一件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是‘右派’！”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I’ll tell you something." What she heard at this moment was the painter’s calm voice, “The first time was too late and the second time is not too late. I was classed as a 'rightist' when I was in college. Really, it was the 'rightist'!”<br />
<br />
霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
<br />
All of a sudden, the hills and trees, the ancient pagoda, were frozen in a deathly silence…<br />
<br />
孤岛上<br />
On a Lonely Island<br />
<br />
到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。1957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
<br />
Have you ever been to an island of the sea? The water and sky seemed to be mixed up together. The clouds came and went, and tide rose and fell. The island was a poem, a fresh and meaningful poem. At the turn of spring and summer in 1957, Yuan Yunsheng was in a poetic environment.<br />
<br />
他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
<br />
He went deep into the life on the island and practice drawing from nature. The Central Academy of Fine Arts required that second-year students had a two-month internship course; before the summer vacation, students went to different parts of the country. He and another student were the only ones who participated in the trip to the island. It was located on the shore of the Yellow Sea. There were only troops on the island, and no residents for miles around. The island provided him with a fortunate environment, getting away from the noise and disputes of the human world, and escaping the violent turmoil that happened in the mainland.<br />
<br />
小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体 ,心情是焦渴的。当蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
<br />
People on the island were closest to nature. Every morning, carrying the paint box on his back, he wandered on the beach covered with light yellow gravel and welcomed the first ray of happy sunshine. At the age of only eighteen, Yuan Yunsheng had already stood out from the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions and became a hazy composite of Chinese Classicism Painting and Western Modernism Painting, who was anxious. The blue sea sprinkled ten thousand golden stars and the sunglow filled his heart with brilliant colors. It was the moment when the young artist's life was burning. He hurriedly opened the paint box, spread the canvas and accepted the generous offer of nature.<br />
<br />
小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左右,才有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
<br />
The island was simple. Politics was proportional to the population, and there were fewer political topics here. Only a barge arrived to deliver newspapers and mail every ten days or so. While he and his companion were eating, they hastily opened the newspapers and skim through them. He was curious about the articles that appeared in the newspaper:<br />
<br />
“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好啦……”<br />
<br />
"Beijing is allowing the people to express their views now. This article is interesting. This opinion should be adopted. Changing it like this will be good…"<br />
<br />
他看完报纸一扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块和线条的运用。<br />
<br />
He threw the newspaper away after reading it and then forgot about it. He did not care about anything else except painting. His road of life was bright, full of sunshine, with no clouds hanging over him and nothing to worry about. All he cared about was the use of light, color blocks and lines.<br />
<br />
年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队的宣传干事带到一间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
<br />
The only political question the young artist faced was raised by the local soldiers. One day, he was taken to a humble shed by a publicity officer of the troops, and a pair of trusting eyes were cast upon him.<br />
<br />
“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, you have asked to go to another island to paint, right?"<br />
<br />
“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
<br />
"Yes, we want to go there."<br />
<br />
“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
<br />
"The troops have studied it. You can go, but your classmate stays."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查 。你们学校填写了两份材料,你的情况单纯 。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
<br />
"A permanent military project is being built on the island. Those who go there have to pass a political vetting. Your college filled out two documents, and your background is simple. Your classmate can't go, mainly because of family problems…"<br />
<br />
袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是一种荣幸,既然生活当中存在这样一些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng frowned. It was an honor to be invited alone. Since there were such rules in life, he went to there alone and no one could blame it. But it brought him more trouble than excitement. He knew his classmates. They were all members of the Communist Youth League and were the backbone of the students. Why should they be distinguished? With his artistic way of thinking, he decided that it was a proposition of conscience and friendship.<br />
<br />
“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
<br />
"Hey, I got it." He went back to the dorm and said to his companion, "The island is building fortifications, drilling and blasting, filled with smoke. There is nothing to paint. We've been out for a long time, let's just go back to the college!"<br />
<br />
不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大 登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活见鬼 !中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
<br />
Soon, he and his classmate crossed the sea and landed at Lvda City. The cool sea breeze blew against the beautiful city, arousing interest in sightseeing. They wandered the streets. The scenery was charming, the buildings were quirky and everywhere was full of Russian atmosphere. When Yuan looked up at the signposts, which wrote the street names like “Makarov”, he complained: "Damn it! Why does the street of a Chinese city have to be named after a Russian general? What a bummer…" A few days later, they stood in the blue harbor, casting a last glance at the ocean waves, and turned around to set foot on the way back.<br />
<br />
不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
<br />
He didn’t expect that it was a farewell to the blue life.<br />
<br />
北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷 ,使海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头 ,有碍“百花齐放”。袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
<br />
Beijing had changed. Returning from the island, he was amazed by the swift counterattack, the overwhelming criticism, and the petals scattered on the ground in the campus. What puzzled him most was the situation of Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the academy. He heard that the secretary of the Party Committee made a mistake because he advocated the revolutionary school of painting too far, which hindered "all flowers blooming together". Yuan Yunsheng really didn’t understand what the “revolutionary school of painting” had to do with the “rightist”.<br />
<br />
袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? 一连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng hid in the dormitory, immersing himself in gathering up his sketches. Perhaps, he was safe. He advocated inheriting ancient Chinese art and drawing on western modern art, which should be conducive to the "blooming of a hundred flowers". How could he not be safe. For several days, he chased the white clouds, waves and seagulls, lost in the memories of his trip to the sea…<br />
<br />
有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像一个漏了税的走私犯接受审讯。<br />
<br />
One day, he was suddenly called to the classroom and stood in front of the people, like a smuggler being tried for tax evasion.<br />
<br />
摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名——“反苏” 。 <br />
<br />
He was faced with a host of problems: deviant views in art, sympathetic remarks to the "rightist", "poisoning" on the island and in Lvda, and a terrible accusation throughout it--"anti-Soviet".<br />
<br />
究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐 ,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
<br />
The answer to who denounced him could be found by using elementary mathematics, but it was meaningless. Since he had thought so, and said, he said bluntly to anyone, with an honest heart.<br />
<br />
他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他一挥手:“请你到外面等一会儿。”<br />
<br />
He racked his brain to repeat what he had said, and the presenter waved to him: "Please wait outside for a moment."<br />
<br />
他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听见屋里在争论。<br />
<br />
He left the classroom and stood in the corridor, feeling relieved and comfortable. The corridor was only one door away from the classroom, and he heard an argument in the room.<br />
<br />
有人说:“够了……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "That's enough…”<br />
<br />
有人说:“还不够……”<br />
<br />
Someone said: "Not enough...”<br />
<br />
有人说:“态度还好……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "The attitude is not bad…"<br />
<br />
他的好友在替他争辩,另一些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
<br />
His best friends were arguing for him, and others were insisting on something, which sounded interesting. Then there was silence… Then, he was called back to the classroom.<br />
<br />
“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, after research, you've been classified as a 'rightist'!"<br />
<br />
政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色——红与黑。点朱泼墨,二者居其一,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不同,观点对立,照样用黑笔一勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
<br />
The oil painting box of the political movement had only two colors--red and black, which was different from the oil painting box of the artist. The only way to choose between cinnabar and ink was to rely on fortune-telling. He and Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, were of different ages, different background colors, and opposing views, but they were both outlined by black brushes with the same destination and the painting procedures were highly simplified.<br />
<br />
晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
<br />
In the evening, he rode the bike to Baijiazhuang, where his brother Yuan Yunfu lived. He rocked back in the sofa: "I am."<br />
<br />
哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
<br />
His brother smiled and asked, "What are you?"<br />
<br />
“我是’右派’了。”<br />
<br />
"I'm a 'rightist' now."<br />
<br />
“呵?”哥哥大吃一惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
<br />
"Huh?" His brother was astonished, "What mistake did you make?"<br />
<br />
“我没犯错误。”<br />
<br />
"I didn't make a mistake."<br />
<br />
“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
<br />
"Then why are you classified as a 'rightist'?"<br />
<br />
“他们说我是,就是啰 。”<br />
<br />
"They said I am. So I am."<br />
<br />
“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
<br />
"No! No!" His brother was trembling.<br />
<br />
“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
<br />
"What’s wrong with that?" He said evenly, "I still paint, still go to school, still engage in arts."<br />
<br />
他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山造湖,兴修水库,一颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地指挥部,请求一边干活一边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人来访。<br />
<br />
He really did not know pain yet. Soon after, hundreds of thousands of people in the capital swarmed to the out to the suburbs to move mountains and create lakes and build reservoirs in the gorge of the Ming Tombs, and a naive heart was touched. He thought how good it would be to see so many people working together to do one thing. He took his oil painting box and rode more than one hundred miles by bike to the construction headquarters, asking to be able to work and spent his spare time painting. They refused, explaining that according to the regulations, they would not accept personal visits.<br />
<br />
又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他一个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
<br />
Shortly afterward, he went into the construction site by bus with a large group of people from the Central Academy of Fine Arts. How excited he was! He did as much work alone as several men together, carrying six baskets for holding earth on one pole, and running fast on the rugged mountain road. At noon, when others took a nap, he held his painting clipboard and went to the mountain to paint under the scorching sun. Until he was exhausted and staggered back to the shed, he still didn’t feel bitter. Because it was her own choice. He was motivated by the boiling life and generously gave his energy, feeling that it was a great pleasure.<br />
<br />
可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成呵斥的嗓门,一张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了——仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
<br />
But the atmosphere in the shed had changed. The students gathered around him, pointing at him, and saying that he was disobedient, did not accept reform, and should not paint anymore… He was stunned. He didn’t know that it was a criticism meeting, and he didn’t understand what they said. He only felt that familiar eyes became harsh eyes, intimate expressions became indifferent expressions, and peaceful voices became scolding voices. Their mouths were moving, and their hands were shaking. Suddenly he understood--just one thing: he was different from others!<br />
<br />
他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
<br />
He opened his bloodshot eyes wide, wriggled his dry lips, and fell down with his hands on his head.<br />
<br />
过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
<br />
Because of overwork and mental stimulation, he contracted serious dysentery. The illness dragged on from summer to winter, and later he was sent to an unheated hut at college.<br />
<br />
小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活 ,学校当局不再放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他才感到了痛苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出一串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
<br />
The hut was cold and damp, where dripping water could freeze. His body was hot with a high fever. College authorities were no longer concerned about his condition. A year ago, he was the pride of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, who became an abandoned orphan now. He felt the pain, the pain of being strangled in art, exceeding the physical pain, like being pushed into a terrible hell. No! In the spiritual realm of art, there was only heaven, not hell. He was forced to learn to be inferior, but he could never learn it. In a coma, cluttered thoughts were flashing, as if he was flying after the seagulls, and dancing with the Goddess of the Luo River. He tossed and turned and struggled, with a series of moans, as if not willing to sink, but to climb out of the dark hell…<br />
<br />
屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
<br />
A faint white light came through the door and he heard the sound of footsteps. Looking there attentively, he found that his friend stood in front of the bed, casting sympathetic and concerned eyes at him.<br />
<br />
他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是一种负担。我需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
<br />
He sat up quickly: "Please don't come to see me again. I understand that it is a burden for others to be close to me. I need friendship, but not pity. What I need now is solitude, solitude, let me be alone!"<br />
<br />
新月<br />
<br />
The Crescent Moon<br />
<br />
夕阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野 闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对青年男女。<br />
<br />
The setting sun cast a golden glow on Huqiu and fell to the other side of the hill. The clear and quiet lights shimmered on the hill, which was connected to the transparent dusk, reflecting the stately profile of the millennium pagoda, like a contemplative old man overlooking a young couple on the hill.<br />
<br />
这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们一页一页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像一阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只残忍的巨手一挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择 。<br />
<br />
This moment was long enough for Lanying. There were tragedies and comedies in love stories that had been passed down through the ages, attracting people to read them page by page. However, the second page of Lanying's story was unbearable. The tender feelings of a girl who was in her first love: happiness, novelty, joy… For an instant they vanished like a gust of wind, as if with the wave of a cruel hand, everything sank, everything disappeared, and a problem was put before the girl, severe, cold, and emotionless, turning the sweet assignment into a cold choice of stakes.<br />
<br />
在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的一群 ,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以“杀气腾腾”“煽风点火 ”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁愿与鬼蜮联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
<br />
In those years, in this land, as long as people mentioned the "rightist", a bunch of greys flashed before their eyes, like shadows, like ghosts, as if they killed a man, committed arson, or poison something. It seemed that they were all charged with “murder”, “fanning the flames”, “drug trafficking” and so on. Their souls were sentenced to death, leaving only soulless shells of bodies. The shell, could breathe but could not speak, and must work but could not harvest. The only tolerance that society gave them was to give them more time than convicts sentenced to death, turning their shells into mud. Who would want to be married to a ghost? Who wanted to be with a zombie? Lanying faced such a choice.<br />
<br />
在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每一个姑娘都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵——询问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,工资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称一称。爱情的内容转变了,转变为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义 。<br />
<br />
In an environment where marriage and politics were tied together, every girl had to make considerations, either to enjoy honor, or to have misfortunes with her husband. Under the same dusk, how many girls in the world were considering it--asking the man’s family background, political affiliation, education background, job, salary, rank… asking his direct value and everything indirectly translated into value, and then weighing them on the balance of love. The content of love had been transformed into the process of exchange of commodities, which gradually became common and natural.<br />
<br />
兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算 。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
<br />
Lanying had more rights to make her own decisions. She was receiving higher education. She would be a nurse in the future, whose had blood of martyrs in her veins. The organization was considering her to join the Communist Party of China. She was as proud as a daughter of an eminent family, as beautiful as Snow White… Every intersection of life would provide the green light for her. with sons from aristocratic families for her to choose and high position and great wealth to enjoy. But life seemed to play ticks on her. It was the black devil who came to her side, not the angel of love. It was not late to break off the relationship with him at once, and there was no obligation on conscience and morality.<br />
<br />
兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越 ,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气 。因此,她还不懂得利害。<br />
<br />
Lanying lost in painful thought. She was in a privileged situation and had pure experiences, remaining unspotted from the world. Therefore, she did not understand the stakes.<br />
<br />
政治运动对姑娘来说,像一场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些“右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她还时常听到这样的告诫:有才华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不断得到强化。<br />
<br />
The political movement was like a vague dream for the girl. In 1957, she was an innocent girl studying in middle school. She took part in the denunciation, with her mouth, with her pen, with her outraged feeling. The war was over before she could see the enemies clearly. She only saw the backs of the prisoners. Later, when the girl was a little older, whenever she heard that someone was a "rightist", she could not help but look at him with curiosity. She saw that most of the "rightists" were scholars, professors, artists, writers, business backbone, celebrities and so on. She also often heard the admonition: talented people often had strong personalities; people with strong personalities often suffered setbacks. The direct and converse theorem of real life had been repeated in various tones, and the girl’s impression of it was constantly reinforced.<br />
<br />
抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的嘲讽。<br />
<br />
The abstract concept of friend or foe formed a concrete conclusion in the girl's mind, which was a sad mockery of the solemn political movement.<br />
<br />
眼前的画家又是一个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离经叛道的歧路 ,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为政治问题?为什么要让一个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的才华……什么是才华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下一颗蓝色的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
<br />
The painter before her was another example. Because the painter opposed the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, he was declared to be on an unorthodox and evil path and was sentenced to death in politics. The girl could not understand why the issue of art had to be turned into a political issue? Why should a Chinese hot-blooded young man be sacrificed to a foreign altar as a lamb to be slaughtered? Wasn't it ludicrous? Such a ludicrous thing actually happened. Perhaps, it further proved that the painter was not a meek lamb, but a fearful calf, attracting jealousy from others. It further proved the painter’s courage and insight, indomitable nature and precious talent… What was talent? For the simplehearted girl, it was the light of life, the garland of youth, the transcendence of ignorance, the sublimation of knowledge. It made money and wealth eclipsed, made gain, loss, fame and bad reputation ruin and loss become a passing cloud, like a bright horizon that divided the clear sky and turbid earth. Foolish girls liked to adorn themselves with jewels, but noble girls were full of spiritual aspirations. She was willing to pick a blue star and set it on the heart of love... Lanying broke the silence and said to the painter in a deep voice: "Don't mention those things of your past to me again. I don't think you've made a mistake…"<br />
<br />
画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子 ,也是有限的宽恕,一切还同过去一样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "But everyone else thinks so. Even if they took the hat off, the forgiveness would be limited, and everything would be the same as before. You can't associate with people like me. You must consider the consequences."<br />
<br />
“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
<br />
"I don't care about the consequences. No matter what other people think, I trust my instincts."<br />
<br />
“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are your instincts?"<br />
<br />
“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
<br />
"My instinct is that you are talented!"<br />
<br />
这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激动的光辉:“世上有才华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
<br />
It was the highest praise for an "enemy of society”. Her tone showed a significant preference, which should bring enough relief to the painter. But the painter stood there with a stoney expression. The radiance of excitement in his gaze was worn away: "There are many talented people in the world, including glorious victors and miserable losers. Why do you prefer me? You’ll regret it in the future…"<br />
<br />
难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把才华糟蹋得像一块抹布的年月里,这句话,他不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子无才便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,才华再也不是令知识分子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
<br />
No wonder the painter reacted indifferently. It was not the first time he had heard the phrase in the years when his talent was ruined like a rag. Anyone could give it to him. Beneath the hypocritical compliment was a deliberate mockery. "A woman without talent is virtuous", now also applied to men. Even if he was trampled underfoot, mercilessly flogged, covering with cuts and bruises, they could pat him on the shoulder and told him to get up and go to work. At that time, talent was no longer a flower that made intellectuals have smug feelings, but a bitter medicine that touched their feelings of sorrow.<br />
<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
<br />
Lanying’s and the painter's eyes met. The painter's eyes, probing and frank, with a deep flame of self-esteem and some expectations, shot all the way to the girl's heart. Lanying could not resist this stare that could penetrate through everything, and her heart was shivering…<br />
<br />
兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费力气地获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被搞得阴阳颠倒！一时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到一颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙一样晶莹闪烁。<br />
<br />
Lanying suddenly remembered that it was her second meeting with the painter, in this quiet mountain forest, a secluded valley far away from the city. Wasn't today Women's Day? Ordinarily, he could easily win the girl’s heart with his gentleness and gallantry. However, he brought frustration, which couldn’t wait to broke the girl's calm. He said the truth, revealed the hidden pain, casting ominous clouds. He knew that it could cause irreversible consequences, but insisted on doing it. What exactly was it for? How upright and poised he was! Why was such a person said to be a terrible devil? The vanished soul? Life was so unfair! Honesty for disaster, cunning for glory, how much right and wrong in the world had been turned upside down! For a moment, Lanying felt that the ravine, valley and river in front of her had been filled in. Through the evening mist, she saw a sincere heart, glittering and shining like agates.<br />
<br />
兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
<br />
Lanying said excitedly, "I decided."<br />
<br />
画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "You love me?"<br />
<br />
“喜欢。”<br />
<br />
"Yes."<br />
<br />
“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
<br />
"What do I have to be loved?"<br />
<br />
“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
<br />
"Because you are honest, and love needs honesty."<br />
<br />
画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝 里滚动。<br />
<br />
The painter's whole body shocked, and he threw himself on the girl and buried his head in her arms. In one moment, the strong man turned into a child that curled up, with tears welling up in his eyes.<br />
<br />
一弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
<br />
A crescent moon rose. The ancient pagoda was solemn, and the bamboo forest whispered. The bright silver light shined on the girl, who was like a silver statue of goddess.<br />
<br />
画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
<br />
The painter was like embracing a treasure that he never wanted to lose. For many years, he lived and behaved with integrity, and infatuated with art. But no one had ever given such an evaluation on him. Today, the girl judged his conscience, filling his lonely heart with light. He was satisfied and relieved, feeling that he got the greatest reward for the hardship he had suffered for years…<br />
<br />
双桥<br />
<br />
Shuangqiao<br />
<br />
当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢——充当囚犯, 颠沛流离 ,饱尝辛酸……<br />
<br />
Contemporary artists have great passions to pursue their own artistic styles, and those who had suffered misfortune had unique styles that could not be replaced by others. Who wants to repeat their experience--to be a prisoner, to wander, to endure all kinds of hardships…<br />
<br />
翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
<br />
Open Repin’s collection, and look at ''Barge Haulers on the Volga''.<br />
<br />
我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石磙,弓着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下一闪一闪。<br />
<br />
There is a picture similar to ''Barge Haulers on the Volga'' before us, a living picture. The sun was hot, and the air was burning. On the golden wheat field, a young man pulled a stone roller with the posture of the barge hauler on the Volga. He bowed, head down, with a rope trip on his shoulder, hands almost down to the ground. Sweat was running down his bare back, glowing and winking in the sun.<br />
<br />
这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是最年轻的一个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石磙,一拉就是一天。<br />
<br />
This was Shuangqiao Farm in Beijing, one of the earliest state farms, which was famous for its mechanized production. But the artists from the Central Academy of Fine Arts did the work like animal labor. Yuan Yunsheng was the youngest among more than twenty people, who volunteered to do the heaviest work. He pulled the stone roller on the wheat field all day.<br />
<br />
二十几个人住在一间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。几年前,在他们头顶上发生的 那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成为一门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向两极。<br />
<br />
More than twenty people lived in a large room, with shabby windows and doors, and flies and mosquitoes flying freely in and out. There were two rows of wide beds for a number of people and tables made of wooden boards in the room. The dean, professors, teaching assistants and students were equally treated here. The explosion that happened above their heads a few years ago caused different reactions in each of them. Some were silent, some were endlessly repentant, some were calm, and some were trembling, just as the mechanics of the explosion developed into a unique craft, capable of both destruction and construction, making their spiritual models distinctly polarized.<br />
<br />
袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头一个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,一头畜力转眼间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng returned to the room from the wheat field, his first action was to fall on the drawing board by the bed. The animal became an artist with glittering eyes at once, just like the miracle of a magic show by a magician. With the drawing board under his arm, he looked for prey everywhere. He was the master of everything in the territory of visual image.<br />
<br />
他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着他。试问 ,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展示了情景交融的空间——略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
<br />
He doggedly innovated, of his own accord and under duress. He had to reform through labor, and made art at the same time, who needed to adapt to the new environment because he could not leisurely portray objects like oil painters. Applying the achievements of line modeling in Chinese painting to Western oil painting, which was a hazy pursuit before, now became a bright flame that attracted him strongly. Who had ever seen the existence of "line" in life? And he saw it. He observed the layers of light, analyzed the light and plane of the object, trying to grasp the moment when a plane met another plane. The changing, transitional, and wonderful division showed clear lines on the retina, which commanded the hand and pen through the processing of the brain, the exaggeration of emphasis and the appropriate deformation, drawing firm or soft lines on the sketch, as simple as Chinese paintings, as precise as Western paintings, like a Peking Opera artist on an empty stage, showing the space that feelings mingled with scenes with his nuanced hand movements, expression of eyes and body motions--a remarkable painting language that was slight but not empty, with real in its emptiness.<br />
<br />
他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
<br />
He figured it out. Since his paintings would never be cared again, let alone exhibited, he could let his pen draw freely. During the days in the farm, he made more than two thousand sketches with pens, brushes and pencils, far more than the number of assignments for students in fine art colleges. With heavy work and strong foundation, he went toward his goal. A large pile of sketches on his bedside was the accumulation of his faith and the ocean of spirit.<br />
<br />
住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
<br />
Among the people living in the same room, there was a stern elder who often watched the young painter's behaviors. He was Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy. Jiang Feng's gaze was astonished. He didn’t know his student before, but now he was touched by Yuan Yunsheng's enthusiasm for hard work and advancement.<br />
<br />
“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去！”<br />
<br />
"I really don't understand why the student like you should be labeled as a 'rightist'?" Jiang Feng said to Yuan Yunsheng, "Draw it. As long as you think it's right, you can draw it according to your will!"<br />
<br />
这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
<br />
It was the direct teaching Yuan Yunsheng heard from the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, not in the grand academy, but in the hard adversity. This teaching impressed him forever.<br />
<br />
一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
<br />
One day, people living in the same room held a review meeting. Some of them confessed as usual, but Jiang Feng declaimed, criticizing the proneness to boasting and exaggeration in publicity, the disconnect between economic policy and economic base, and the hazards of "Left" opportunism, just like a level-headed politician without the slightest self-consciousness of an offender. He was still him, maintaining human dignity, and exercising the rights of the brain and mouth. Yuan Yunsheng listened, filled with admiration.<br />
<br />
散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特儿是清癯的、憔悴的,一副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出一个美的灵魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
<br />
After the meeting, Jiang Feng read a book with his head on the desk. Yuan Yunsheng quietly picked up the drawing board and looked towards him. The model in front of him was skinny and haggard, with a contemplative look. However, in the painter's mind, a beautiful soul was reflected, as hard and transparent as diamonds. The painter used his brush to draw a portrait of him with ease and verve.<br />
<br />
“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
<br />
"Oh, I'm much thinner than before." Jiang Feng took the sketch and said with emotion, "Leave this painting to me. You and I have a memorable friendship…"<br />
<br />
这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
<br />
The sketch was paired with a frame, hanging in Jiang Feng's home for many years.<br />
<br />
一个被撤职的党委书记,一个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
<br />
A dismissed secretary of the Party Committee, and a young man forced to stop school. Neither of their personalities were distorted under the weight. Once the personality had overcome the ordeal, it was like cast iron. It was the same to admit it or not.<br />
<br />
雨纷纷<br />
<br />
The Drizzling Water <br />
<br />
画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业分配。<br />
<br />
The painter parted with Lanying in Suzhou and returned to Changchun. They exchanged letters from time to time. A year later, Lanying was facing job assignment after graduation.<br />
<br />
东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降临头上。<br />
<br />
The Northeast was very unfamiliar to Lanying. In her imagination, it was distant borderlands covered with snow and ice, a terrible place so cold that the nose, ears and chin could be frozen off. None of the students wanted to be assigned to the Northeast. They were used to the affluent conditions and warm climate of lands of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River, and the mere mention of the Northeast made their hair stand on end, as if the doom of exile had fallen on their heads. <br />
<br />
兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
<br />
Lanying was regardless of anything. In the girl's mind, where he was, there was spring, and there was a bonfire! She was willing to suffer cold and hunger just by his side.<br />
<br />
当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying proposed to the organization of his aspiration for assignment, the other side was shocked: “Ah, you already have a boyfriend! How long have you known each other? What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
姑娘一五一十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住 。<br />
<br />
The girl answered one by one. She thought that it could not be hidden sooner or later.<br />
<br />
兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象力,把故事编得像田园牧歌一样美妙——<br />
<br />
Lanying’s story spread through the college. Oral litterateurs were not lack in imagination, and made up the story as beautiful as an idyllic pastoral--<br />
<br />
“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
<br />
"Hey, did you hear? Lanying asked to be assigned to Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
<br />
"So far away! Why do you want to go there?"<br />
<br />
“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子。”<br />
<br />
"She met a boyfriend, one of the most beautiful men in Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那个人干什么的?”<br />
<br />
"What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
<br />
"He's an actor at Changchun Film Studio. He acted many movies."<br />
<br />
“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
<br />
"Of course it is good to have an actor as boyfriend. He can go everywhere in the country. <br />
Studios are in big cities, and Lanying can be transferred to wherever she likes!"<br />
<br />
但是,在学校的一间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
<br />
But in a small room of the college, Lanying's head was under the weight of thousand pounds, and furious and disappointed eyes were cast at him: “You are too naïve in politics. Who is he? A ‘rightist', who is anti-Party and anti-socialist. Who are you? The descendant of revolutionary martyrs, member of the Communist Youth League, and the Party organization's development target. Won’t you feel sorry about your dead parents? And the Party?<br />
<br />
兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了……”<br />
<br />
Lanying argued: "His hat had been taken off…"<br />
<br />
“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样一个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣个黑锅背一辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
<br />
"Whether his hat had been taken off or not, it was all the same. If one has such a family, he could not shake it off. But you want to have the injustice and carry it for the rest of your life. How silly you are!"<br />
<br />
“我乐意……”<br />
<br />
"I don’t care…"<br />
<br />
“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍白,四肢麻木,像是一个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
<br />
"Don’t say any more! You are already his prisoner, standing on a cliff. You have to break off with him, and never meet him again. If he writes to you, you hand it over to the organization to deal with!" Lanying sat in a corner of the room, pale and numb, like a rebel on trial. What did she have to say? A simple-hearted girl confided in others the secret of love for the first time, who should receive happy congratulations. However, she received brutal reprimand and forced interferences, and it was useless to argue with them. She dragged herself back to the dormitory.<br />
<br />
更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她,好像她做了什么亏心事。一颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
<br />
What was harder to bear was the mute weight. Her classmates looked at her with scorn and whispered about her as if she had done something against conscience. A pearl once held in the palm of the hand suddenly became the object of ridicule, so that she tasted the fickleness of the world, the ups and downs of fate, and aroused a strong feeling of rebellion.<br />
<br />
她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨——爸爸生前的战友。<br />
<br />
She wrote a letter and sent it to an aunt in Hangzhou, a former comrade of her father.<br />
<br />
阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
<br />
The aunt soon sent a telegram, asking her to go to Hangzhou and talking with her face to face.<br />
<br />
兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空一样阴郁。<br />
<br />
When she arrived in Hangzhou, it was drizzling. The aunt took her to her residence, and was very hospitable with smile, trying to make her happy. However, Lanying's face looked sad, as gloomy as the sky.<br />
<br />
“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说，“我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
<br />
"What if you worry yourself into illness?” The aunt said, "Let me go out for a walk with you.”<br />
<br />
她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
<br />
They went to Orioles Singing in the Willows of the West Lake with an umbrella.<br />
<br />
西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
<br />
The West Lake was silvery gray in front of Lanying. The sky was silver, and the water was silver. The atmosphere was drifting with silver powder that looked like rain but not rain, which he could not feel, and her clothes seemed to be getting wet but not.<br />
<br />
兰英的眉心舒展 了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
<br />
Lanying felt more comfortable: "The scenery here is so beautiful!"<br />
<br />
“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢，”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍一个男朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证会喜欢他……”<br />
<br />
"It is worth coming here, right. There is another happy thing," said the aunt with a smile, "I’ll introduce to you a boyfriend. He is a member of the party and does confidential work in the army. He is handsome and you are well-matched in age. I’m sure that as long as you are willing to meet him, you are going to like him…"<br />
<br />
兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
<br />
Lanying was on the alert at once: "Did you invite me here just for this?"<br />
<br />
阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养感情嘛……”<br />
<br />
The aunt said: "I’m doing this for your own good. The relationship needs to be cultivated. You don’t have a relationship with him now, but you can cultivate it…"<br />
<br />
姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进一团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲径好像布满陷阱。一种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。给你!”<br />
<br />
The girl only felt that her chest was stuffed with a mess. The beautiful scenery of the West Lake had become nasty, and the winding path under her feet seemed to be fraught with pitfalls. A feeling of being fooled came over her, and she said angrily: "I don't want to see anyone. Here you are!"<br />
<br />
兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
<br />
Lanying shoved the umbrella into the aunt's hand, turned and ran away through the cold rain. Behind her, the lake water lapped at the shore, making a rhythmic sound, like heaving sighs…<br />
<br />
回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
<br />
Back to the residence, the first thing Lanying did was to pack things, ready to return to Suzhou. The aunt came over and said calmly, "Lanying, I know your temper. Once you have decided something, no one can persuade you…"<br />
<br />
“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
<br />
"I appreciate that you know it." The girl said tonelessly.<br />
<br />
“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好好谈谈吧……”<br />
<br />
"I have only one request." said the aunt, "Since you came to Hangzhou, it does not hurt to stay one more day. Let's talk about it in the evening…"<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
<br />
At night, Lanying and the aunt sat face to face by lamplight.<br />
<br />
“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I trust your eyes. The person you like must be good." The aunt said calmly. “Our party implements a policy of uniting and reforming intellectuals, and people like him still have a role to play."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "I thought the same thing…"<br />
<br />
“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们一些好处。打个比喻吧,好比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那些人再好,也不能使用。你多想一想吧……”<br />
<br />
"But let me tell you more detailed information." The aunt said, "At present, we do not have a team of intellectuals of our own. If we don’t rely on them, who can we rely on? If we want to use them, we have to give them some benefits. To use an analogy, it is like a jelly bean to coax children. The little sweetness will soon melt. When our own team grows up, they can’t be used anymore no matter how good they are. Think more about it…”<br />
<br />
姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头一次听说,在政策的背后还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
<br />
After the girl listened to the thorough analysis, she was bewildered. She heard for the first time that there were policies behind a policy. The infinite mysteries of life were enough for her to digest slowly.<br />
<br />
这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。一个势单力孤的女子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越 ,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为一个农家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
<br />
That night, Lanying lost sleep. At the deadest time of the night, she was thinking about the painter who was far away and gradually came to realize that there were more serious obstacles between them than ice, snow, storms, mountains and rivers. A weak woman, powerless to push away the weight of society, tradition and mentality, felt that the future was infinitely uncertain. Did the girl regret having fallen in love with him? She could not find a reason to condemn herself. Their love was witnessed by the green hill and bright moon, without a trace of dust. She could only regret that she came from a privileged background and was fully favored, so that her love was also shackled. The girl would rather be reborn again for him… She fell asleep in a daze and had a sweet dream that she was transformed into a farm girl and met the painter among the white mountain and the black water. The whole world was pure as if it was covered with silver and jade… When she woke up, she found that it was just a delusional dream. The fate had been doomed, and everything was irreversible. The girl was desperate, with hot tears like a broken line of beads, from the cheeks constantly rolling down...<br />
<br />
第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看一看就会明白的。”<br />
<br />
The next day, the aunt put a magazine in front of Lanying: "This is what I found from the library, you will understand if you read it."<br />
<br />
这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到一篇文章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的一小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的题目——<br />
<br />
It was a magazine of ''Fine Arts'' published in that year. With trembling hands, Lanying opened the pages and found an article. The article criticized an oil painting by Yuan Yunsheng and included a photo of it. What was that? The painting was shrunken into a small and pitiful piece that could not be seen clearly. The girl finally found the title of the painting--<br />
<br />
水乡记忆<br />
<br />
Memory of the Water Town<br />
<br />
“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
<br />
"It’s okay. It’s okay. It would burn if you continue frying it."<br />
<br />
“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
<br />
"Be gentle, don't let others hear it."<br />
<br />
“我先尝尝——哈,又香又脆!”<br />
<br />
"Let me taste it first--ha, it’s delicious and crispy!"<br />
<br />
“放开肚皮吧 ,反正不花钱……”<br />
<br />
"Tuck in. It doesn’t cost money anyway…"<br />
<br />
袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng lying in bed, heard the laughter, the sizzle of boiling oil, and the greedy sound of chewing from next door, along with the aroma of fried oil cakes, keeping him awake at night. <br />
<br />
这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择一处乡土气息浓厚的地区深入生活 ,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓库隔壁的一间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传口号消失了,生理本能在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是一出率先占有填充材料的喜剧。<br />
<br />
This was the warehouse of the production team, located in a small town near Suzhou. Not long ago, Yuan Yunsheng returned to the Central Academy of Fine Arts from Shuangqiao Farm, and got back to Professor Dong Xiwen's studio to learn from him. The teacher suggested him to choose an area with a strong local flavor to plunge into the thick of life, collecting materials for his graduation work. He came to a town in the regions south of the Yangtze River and was assigned to a hut next to the production team's warehouse as the accommodation. It was a time of national economic hardship, and the water town, which was praised as “the earthly paradise", was also facing the threat of starvation. The fanatical slogan that was once popular disappeared and physiological instincts took effect in people, which was first shown in the town's cadres. In order to fill a few people’s bellies, they went harm to the group, compressing others’ bellies. The late-night performance was a comedy of being the first to take possession of the filling material.<br />
<br />
袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng rolled over in bed, causing a few rats to crawl out beside the pillow and hop around on him.<br />
<br />
“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
<br />
"There’s a noise!" The man next door said, "Should we ask that painter to come?"<br />
<br />
“别理他!”<br />
<br />
"Don’t mind him!"<br />
<br />
……<br />
<br />
这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预一下也无可厚非 。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
<br />
This was the material of real life! Paint it. Since "art was subordinate to politics", there was nothing wrong with intervening in such life. The painter lay in bed, his heart flowing with the feeling of concerning for the country and the people.<br />
<br />
然而,夜间的梦寐 并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
<br />
However, the dream at night did not leave the painter with a deep impression. He had his own understanding of the function of art. He came here for pursuit of the beauty in life, and the dust of life could not cloud the artist's heart of gold. The place he went to during the day gave satisfaction to his pursuit. A few weeks later, he returned to Beijing with everything that he wanted.<br />
<br />
回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,一股不可遏制的创作冲动驱使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去一个晚上的时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
<br />
One day after returning to Beijing, he leaned on his bed and thought after dinner. An uncontrollable impulse of creation drove him to pick up the brush and readily draw on the draft paper, the tip of the brush as smooth as floating clouds and flowing water. In only one night, he sketched out his graduation work.<br />
<br />
他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
<br />
He took the sketch to visit Teacher Dong Xiwen. The teacher looked at it and said: "I think it is distinctive. The workload is not small. Get on with it!"<br />
<br />
他把行李卷、画布和油彩,一股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上一摊,不分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
<br />
He moved the bedding roll, canvases and oil paints into the large warehouse of the college. This warehouse was used to store large-scale cultural relics, including a tall stone camel, an excavated stone horse and a stone tiger in front of the tomb of the Han Dynasty general Huo Qubing. The floor was covered with thick dust, and the walls were covered with cobwebs, like a gloomy old castle. He spread the bedding roll on the floor, and worked day and night. The stone tiger and horse watched a young painter working like a maniac. Two months later, Yuan Yunsheng asked someone to help him lift out a huge oil painting.<br />
<br />
这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
<br />
The painting was titled ''Memory of the Water Town''.<br />
<br />
《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优 ”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的分数都不肯给。<br />
<br />
''Memory of the Water Town'' became the topic of conversation in the circle of art. The doyens of painting such as Dong Xiwen, Ye Qianyu and Huang Yongyu praised it, who argued that his graduation grade should be “excellent”. Some others shook their heads and frowned, refusing to give him even a passing grade.<br />
<br />
水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
<br />
What was the memory of the water town for the young painter?<br />
<br />
画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
<br />
In the picture is a small bridge common in Suzhou, which is the style of traditional architectural left over from the Ming Dynasty, with exquisite structure, decorated with delicate sculpted reliefs. The two sides of the bridge show the houses, streets and the lively scene of the market trading during the Spring Festival.<br />
<br />
看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。一个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开一张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。一个淳朴的小女孩刚才卖掉一只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着一桩桩美好的故事——人们在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
<br />
Look, there are people setting up the stage for Beijing opera performance, there are people selling New Year's pictures, and there are people selling grain and vegetables, so lively. A beautiful country girl spreads out a newspaper at her feet and sets bunches of flowers on it, expecting people to visit. A simple little girl has just sold a lamb. Perhaps because the cute little animal was fed by her hands when growing up, she sees it being taken away, showing a look of melancholy... With the strong national style and local customs and practices, the painter drew hundreds of lifelike characters, around the stone bridge to tell good stories -- people exchanged their results of hard work a year here, and were pleased and gratified by the rich and colorful folk recreations.<br />
<br />
桥下是一泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
<br />
Under the bridge is clear, rippling and sparkling. The dark-awninged boats, small wooden boats and barges carrying purchases for the Spring Festival are so close to each other, and brush past the others. The boatmen are all humble, avoiding each other, and quickly giving the way for the neighboring boats. A young man lies leisurely on the bow of the boat, the sunlight sprinkling over his face, and thinks with a vision of the future…<br />
<br />
这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举世无双的韧性——走向明天!<br />
<br />
Weren’t the small bridge and the river the reappearance of our national features! Our nation suffered a lot, and was at a very difficult time; however, our indomitable national spirit was not destroyed by the disaster. We were strong, confident and optimistic, emphasized courtesy, and maintained great dignity, with a slow rhythm, calm pace, and resilience that was unparalleled in the world--towards tomorrow!<br />
<br />
谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
<br />
Who could have guessed that the original idea of this painting was conceived in that hut in the water town, that shady with mice hopping around, adjacent to the evil. What a contrast between the hard work of the people, the innocence of the painter, and the greed, selfishness and deceit just a wall away! The painter brushed away the shadows of life, and used painting language to express his deep love for his country and people with good wishes. This was the self-analysis of the painter's mind and character!<br />
<br />
当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩 ,年画的敦厚朴实和壁画的装饰趣味。<br />
<br />
When ''Memory of the Water Town'' was put on public display, hanging in the auditorium of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, the response from the audience was enthusiastic. Some people left comments, some took pictures, and some copied it. Just in terms of its innovation in artistic style, people were amazed by it. The author put aside the "three unities" of plot devices of Western oil painting and the traditional perspective rules, and adopted the ingenious technique of cavalier perspective of Chinese painting, so as to make the independent stories on the picture blend together. When portraying the characters, the author masterly used the tools of Western oil painting, boldly used line modeling, and absorbed the exaggeration of the ancient art of pottery figurines to depict images of the figures with different expressions. The painting had the splendor and magnificence of oil painting, the exact delineation and heavy colors of Chinese painting, the sincerity and simplicity of New Year’s picture and the decorative interest of fresco. <br />
<br />
把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为一炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿了吧！<br />
<br />
It was the author's dream to integrate the ancient and modern, Chinese and Western painting arts into one. His dream should come true!<br />
<br />
但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
<br />
However, the fate of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was suddenly reversed, which was taken off the wall of the exhibition hall and thrown into the garbage dump where scraps were stored. Later, a young man who loved table tennis found its value and dragged it behind the table to use it as a baffle to block the ball. Later, a student from the art history department felt bad for it and secretly cut it down with a scissor, folded it up, and pressed it under the bed in the dormitory. However, the college reported it to the police in panic, bringing in the comrades in the department of public safety to enter the college to reconnoiter, as if searching for an indecent prohibited thing. Finally, the enthusiastic collector had to hand it over, and the campus loudspeaker immediately broadcasted that it was "another victory in paying great attention to class struggle".<br />
<br />
离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着一堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的路口只亮着一盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
<br />
Was it bizarre? Not really. The climate was changing, three years of hardship passed, the fairs trade in the countryside was banned, and the days of hunger were forgotten. Today's politics made new requirements on yesterday's art, and it was time for the painter to be spanked. The author of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was faced with lots of questions that he could never answer: Why didn't you paint a tractor? Why didn't you paint the wheat field with a good harvest? Why didn't paint… Among all the criticisms, no one had ever accused him of not painting the scene next door that night, though such phenomena were a well-known fact. There was only one green light at the intersection of literary criticism: turning left. The artist who stayed true to the art went straight ahead and was denounced as being too "right".<br />
<br />
中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出作者的艺术才能。”<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, once said with emotion: "If this painting had not been damaged, and had been put on display, I can predict that the audience would have rehabilitated him. Even in this tentative work, we can see the artistic talent of the author."<br />
<br />
只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世——其中也包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, the remains of the painting couldn’t be found. The only memorial it had left was a pathetically small picture, accompanied by a critical article that sounded plausible, published in a corner of ''Fine Arts''. The painter should feel honored that it was the first time his work had been made into a zincograph, and printed, spreading around the world--including the one in front of Lanying.<br />
<br />
月台边<br />
<br />
At the Edge of the Platform<br />
<br />
兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
<br />
The second morning Lanying spent in Hangzhou was the most painful time for her.<br />
<br />
阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子 ,还会累及子女。<br />
<br />
The aunt stood beside her as her guardian, and pointed to the magazine as if she had found a powerful proof. The aunt said that a man like Yuan Yunsheng would not correct his mistake, and others would not tolerate him. It would be a lifelong mistake to combine with him, never seeing the light in the future and implicating the children.<br />
<br />
那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘与画家结合 的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
<br />
The magazine did not frighten the girl’s love away, but made her feel the seriousness of the problem. It seemed that it was not only the aunt, the college, but also the whole society that prevented her from being bound with the painter. It seemed that everyone except the girl was cursing him and splashing dirty water on the painter. Did the girl still have the courage to go towards him? Talking about the future children, those innocent babies that would follow the adults and spend their whole life in the mud, Lanying's heart was softened.<br />
<br />
这是一场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
<br />
It was an irresistible spiritual siege. Lanying hunched over the table and burst into tears…<br />
<br />
阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效力,递过一支笔、一张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
<br />
Seeing the effect of her good intention, the aunt handed over a pen and a piece of paper: "Writing him a letter and making it clear, you’ll feel comfortable. If he really loves you, he will not give you trouble again…"<br />
<br />
兰英接过纸笔。<br />
<br />
Lanying took the paper and pen.<br />
<br />
她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家能够得到另一个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后一个字,信纸上满是斑斑泪痕。<br />
<br />
She wrote a very firm statement, cutting off communication with the painter, and didn’t explain anything. She took the responsibility, saying that she was willing to pay the lifelong price for her impulse and would never get married again. In her letter, she wished the painter to get another girl who would love him as much as she did… When she finished the letter, it was blotted with tears.<br />
<br />
阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
<br />
The aunt took it over to have a look and sighed: "Look, the handwriting was wet with tears. It’ll make him suspect that you are not really want to break up with him ......"<br />
<br />
“本来就是被迫的！”兰英没好气地说。<br />
<br />
"It was forced!" Lanying said angrily.<br />
<br />
阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
<br />
The aunt finally got the written pledge and was relieved, sealing the envelope with her own hands, sticking a stamp on it, and taking it to the post office.<br />
<br />
兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将把信撕得粉碎,一赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下 ,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净……<br />
<br />
Lanying returned to Suzhou from Hangzhou, and felt every day like a year, repeatedly imagining the painter's reaction. The painter would be furious, wouldn’t he? Lanying really did not want to add a new scar to the painter's heart, which had been badly wounded, so she did not write irritating words in the letter. But the painter would understand the reason for the change. The letter had already constituted a contempt and insult to him. Would he rip it up and decide not to write back in a fit of anger? Or would he bow to his fate and fall into a depression? Or, the girl's worries were superfluous. Men were men, who were easy come and easy go. He would wipe the girl out of his memory, completely forgetting her.<br />
<br />
兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
<br />
The last thing that Lanying wanted to happen was the latter situation.<br />
<br />
画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
<br />
The painter wrote back with stiff words. He agreed to break up, without a hint of a pleading tone, with only one last condition, asking Lanying to come to Changchun and explain the reason face to face.<br />
<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
<br />
Like hearing an echo from an empty valley, Lanying ran into the college office clasping the letter.<br />
<br />
姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
<br />
The girl placed the letter on the table and said: "Please allow me to go to Changchun."<br />
<br />
对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
<br />
After reading the painter's letter, the other party looked up and asked, "Is this the last meeting?"<br />
<br />
“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
<br />
"Yes." The girl said, "We're very determined."<br />
<br />
学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
<br />
The college could not say the reason for refusing the girl and let her go. On the day of the girl’s departure, the school made a long-distance call to Changchun, asking the painter's unit to cooperate and pay attention to the actions of Lanying and the painter, promoting both sides to break off the relationship.<br />
<br />
火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人头攒动的月台上,她一眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
<br />
The train was flying along, the vast fields passing outside the window. The girl was anxious. She was longing for the scenery of the Northeast in her dream before, but this journey didn’t leave any impression on her. She only remembered the moment the train arrived in Changchun, when she saw the painter with a pale face at a glance on the crowded platform.<br />
<br />
兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
<br />
When Lanying stepped out of the train, the painter was coming up. He still held the sketchbook in his hand, pretending to be calm. However, his tired and dark look, holding back great pain, could not escape the girl's keen eyes. It was exactly what the girl hoped to see, and a thrill of joy rose in her heart. <br />
<br />
画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
<br />
The painter stopped at the edge of the platform, keeping a few steps from the girl.<br />
<br />
“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
<br />
"Please answer now," the painter's voice was like the low roar of a wild animal, "why do you change your mind? Why do you bend to the will of others?"<br />
<br />
姑娘把旅行袋往前一递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听懂是什么意思。<br />
<br />
The girl handed her travel bag forward: "Do you think I come to Changchun to negotiate with you?" The painter was stunned, not understanding what it meant.<br />
<br />
“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑一趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
<br />
"You fool! If I want to break up with you, do I need to come all the way here?" The girl smiled sweetly, "There is a long way to go, and you need to be tested!"<br />
<br />
明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解——那些无尽无休的劝说、挑唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
<br />
The bright sunlight returned to the painter's face. He even forgot to pick up the girl's bag, and was so excited that he didn’t know what to do. The girl dodged back a little, really afraid that the guy who lost his mind in front of him would throw himself into her arms in full view of a large crowd with no regard for the customs of the country… The consensus reached the Changchun negotiation--those endless persuasions, instigation and restraint were really tiresome that decisive actions had to be taken to get rid of it.<br />
<br />
兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同财产,是一条印花双人床单。在一间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
<br />
Lanying and the painter married in the summer vacation after graduation. The wedding was held in Changchun, without relatives officiating, and classmates congratulating. The only gift they received was a blouse given by Yuan Yunfu to his sister-in-law; the new common property was a printed double bed sheet. In a temporary borrowed hut, they performed a solemn ceremony of life. Lanying spent her honeymoon in disassembling and washing the bedding for the former bachelor. The short honeymoon ended as Lanying's reporting date approached.<br />
<br />
人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
<br />
The Queen Mother of the world was not willing to give in after all, and deliberately laid a galaxy between them.<br />
<br />
兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽容——除了东北三省之外,其他任何一个城市都行。实心眼儿的 姑娘把手指放在地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
<br />
Lanying's place of work was chosen from the map. When she was assigned after graduation, the college gave her lenient conditions--any city except the three provinces of the northeast. The honest girl put her finger on the map and found the nearest place to the Northeast along the railway line. Her finger crossed Beijing, Tianjin, and rested on a small circle south of Shanhaiguan: Tangshan. She thought that it was the ideal crossing of the Milky Way on earth.<br />
<br />
她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着一块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生活无法自理。直到这时,她才感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
<br />
Not long after she arrived in Tangshan, she was caught in an "unprecedented" storm. With marches, rebellions, and two factions fighting with each other with machetes and spears, the whole city fell into primitive tribal strife. Lanying was alone and lived in uncertainty in troubled times. The annual visits to her husband comforted her a little in spirit. Later, she was pregnant. The overwork and poor living conditions caused Lanying to suffer from lumbar spine strain. Her back was like carrying a heavy iron plate, and she couldn’t roll over in bed. There was no one to make fires in the house, and the flimsy door and windows could not withstand the cold wind. The lumbar disease made her stiff and unable to take care of herself. By this time, she felt that she needed her husband by her side so much…<br />
<br />
画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到一份工作,又赶到唐山,好不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户口的证件。至此,他们已经两地分居六年了。<br />
<br />
The painter went around and asked, and finally found a job for his wife in a hospital in Changchun, and then rushed to Tangshan. With difficulty, he passed many hurdles and got the documents to switch his wife’s job and transfer her registered permanent residence. So far, they had been living apart for six years.<br />
<br />
兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西——优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。耿耿 银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
<br />
When Lanying sat on the train, the platform in Changchun moving in front of her eyes again, she could not help but have mixed feelings. For six years, she lost a lot of things out of her own volition--a bright future in politics, a beautiful youth and excellent conditions. The corners of her pretty eyes were covered with worry lines, and her beautiful cheeks became sallow with a gaunt appearance. She paid a huge price for the ordinary life of ordinary people, and a charge of "the family member of a rightist whose hat was taken off”. The Milky Way was in front of her, and there were the same strict rituals in heaven and on earth. <br />
<br />
陋室铭<br />
<br />
The Humble Room<br />
<br />
破木桌上摊开一张纸片,一只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
<br />
A piece of paper was spread out on the broken wooden table, and a small hand holding the brush, applied watercolor to the paper. Round, square and irregular blocks of color appeared under the brush, representing different still life: the round one was a washtub, the square one was an old wooden box, and the irregular one was a diaper on a clothesline…<br />
<br />
这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
<br />
It was the artist's son sketching. He was born in Changchun, and no matter how difficult the path of his parents' life was, he grew up according to the laws of nature, until he was old enough to grasp a brush with his little hand. <br />
<br />
小屋只有14平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, 一排大连铺占去三分之二的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
<br />
The house was only 14 square meters. A little sister added to the family, and four of them were crammed into a small space, with a large bed taking up two thirds of the area. The broken wooden table in front of the window was the dad's workbench at ordinary times, and the son's bed at night. The rest of the space was for cooking and washing clothes, and there was no extra space.<br />
<br />
眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
<br />
The artist's son had painted the scene in front of him more than once, which was his first subject of contact with life. This lovely third generation in new China repeatedly painted with the most beautiful colors in his young mind, and had accumulated dozens of sketches. Whenever the neighbors came to visit, he would take out his works and show them off in front of them. However, the comments he heard were very disappointing: "Alas, Lanying, why does your precious son only paint the slums?"<br />
<br />
兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
<br />
Lanying gave a wry smile. What could she say? All her son painted were things in her house.<br />
<br />
兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头一样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
<br />
After Lanying moved to Changchun, she took on heavy housework and lived a hard life. She was used to eating ready-made meals in the canteen before, and never cooked; by this time, she was distressed to find that it was more difficult to steam the corn cake without turning souring than to perform a surgical operation in the hospital. For a long time, the steamed corn cakes, steamed bread of corn and steamed buns that the whole family ate were unbearably sour and hard like stones. The children still gobbled them up as if they natively tasted like that.<br />
<br />
家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱一个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭 。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
<br />
The family's finances were tight. The total income of two college graduates could not keep up with the increase of family members and the rise of commodity prices. The son was lucky enough to eat cake for a few days when he was a child. When it was the daughter's turn, the parents could no longer afford to buy cakes, so they had to buy bread that was a dime per piece to give the children a treat. Later, the parents brought home discounted black bread. Even so, the children were so happy, smiling from ear to ear.<br />
<br />
他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
<br />
They pinched and scraped, but still spent more than their income. At the end of every month, Lanying and the painter would empty out their pockets face to face.<br />
<br />
“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, we haven't bought the meat for this month yet." Lanying said.<br />
<br />
“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
<br />
"Let’s buy it." The painter said, "It's Sunday. It’s time to improve a meal."<br />
<br />
妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服口袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
<br />
The wife had been penniless for a while. The painter turned his pockets inside out to scrap up enough money to buy a catty of meat.<br />
<br />
儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
<br />
The son, who had already prepared a small snow sled and waited there, took the money and ran away with joy.<br />
<br />
过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
<br />
After a while, the son's cheer came from the door: "Come on, the meat is bought back!"<br />
<br />
画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
<br />
The painter and his wife ran out to greet it, but they were stunned: "Where's the meat?"<br />
<br />
儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚才他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤肉颠得没影了……<br />
<br />
My son looked back and saw that the snow sled was empty. He was too happy and run too fast, the catty of meat tossed away…<br />
<br />
“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
<br />
As the "buyer" had never failed in his duty, he became downhearted this time. The painter and Lanying had to comfort their son, holding his embarrassed little face and laughing.<br />
<br />
儿子也笑了。一场精神上的欢笑 代替了假日的会餐。<br />
<br />
The son laughed too. A time of mirth in spirit replaced the holiday meal.<br />
<br />
在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, the so-called "spiritual aristocrats" were finding jobs for themselves. Some decorated the facade of restaurants and hotels, painting some pictures to exchange bottles of wine and whole cases of fish. Some were busy with their household sidelines, producing modern furniture by hand. Others worked as art tutors, and if the students they taught had good backgrounds, their situations would soon be improved. But Yuan Yunsheng did not get any "extra money" and did not look for a way out. He was very busy. He worked during the day, honestly completing the tasks given to him and trying not to be faulted; after he came back home at night, he indulged in painting, steeping himself in his beloved art, and didn’t have time to do the housework.<br />
<br />
在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似的想点办法?”<br />
<br />
At the most difficult time for the family, Lanying said to Yunsheng in a tentative tone, "Could you think of some ways like others?"<br />
<br />
“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
<br />
"Think of what?" The painter asked in amazement.<br />
<br />
“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合过得去……”<br />
<br />
"I don't ask for anything more." The wife said, "I mean, if possible, to make life at home barely get by..."<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head: "There is a way. But that would wreck my art!"<br />
<br />
妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题一搁,永远不再提起。<br />
<br />
The wife knew the weight of the word "art" in her husband's heart. The subject was put aside, and never mentioned again.<br />
<br />
兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥一顿饱一顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣服洗一洗吧。”<br />
<br />
Lanying was sick from exhaustion, tortured by the pain of lumbar spine strain, and sometimes had to stay in bed. Whenever it happened, the sky of the family collapsed and everything was in chaos. The whole family ate erratically; when the children's clothes were dirty, they didn’t have others to change; the sheets were splattered with the painter's oil, like a canvas of an abstract painter... As a medical worker, Lanying had minimum requirements for sanitation. She could not tolerate it anymore, lying in bed and commending the painter: "Wash the sheets and clothes today."<br />
<br />
“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干一场。<br />
<br />
"Okay." The husband obediently put down the brush and rolled up his sleeves as if he was about to get some things done.<br />
<br />
他把床单和衣服泡了满满一盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他一忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;一忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
<br />
He soaked a full tub of sheets and clothes. As he washed, his hands on the washboard slowed down, and his eyes rested on the opposite wall. There hung a new painting, with the oil not yet dry. One minute he tilted his head sideways, looking pleased with himself; the next he frowned, as if he had found something unsatisfactory.<br />
<br />
他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
<br />
He stood up sharply, wiped his soapy hands on his breast, took a brush, and jumped on the bench, making some changes on the painting.<br />
<br />
兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过一丝苦笑。<br />
<br />
Lanying lay on the bed, with a wry smile flitting across the corner of his mouth.<br />
<br />
画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
<br />
The painter jumped off the bench and went back to the washtub. After a while, he couldn't help looking up at the wall again...<br />
<br />
一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,一共跳了多少次?”<br />
<br />
The day passed. He finally finished washing a tub of clothes, taking more than seven hours on it, and did not have time to cook. The whole family was hungry. Lanying, angry and amused, asked humorously, "Hey, how many times did you jump up and down from the bench?"<br />
<br />
画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
<br />
The painter shook his head blankly.<br />
<br />
兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪——整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
<br />
Lanying said: "You do not remember. I counted it for you--twenty times! Oh, what am I gonna do about you? When doing housework, you are lazy than anyone; when picking up the brush, you are more diligent than anyone..."<br />
<br />
天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入睡;儿子一沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另一只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
<br />
It was dark, and snow fell heavily outside the window, like tearing the cotton wool. Lanying, looking at the ceiling, wasn’t able to sleep; as soon as her son touched the pillow, he fell into a sound and sweet sleep. In the other corner of the hut, under the dim light, the painter was rocking his daughter with one hand, while the other hand was holding a brush and painting. He hummed an improvised lullaby, the song echoing softly in the hut...<br />
<br />
漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
<br />
They spent many nights like this in the long winter.<br />
<br />
兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为一个正直的画家的妻子的全部甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
<br />
The husband’s humming rang in Lanying’s ears, and she silently sank in thought. When she first fell in love with him, she admired his integrity and loyalty to art. Now, she had experienced all the joys and sorrows of being the wife of an upright painter. He was content with being poor and lonely. He didn’t have a normal family life, couldn’t see the light at the end of the tunnel, only asking for work, not the harvest... Who but his wife really understood him? He not only was not understood by the society, but he was also identified as a bad man, with sticks always waving above his head. Whenever thinking of these, the pain of the poor couple's disharmony dissipated, and the wife's heart turned into a spring water, full of female tenderness.<br />
<br />
她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
<br />
She thought, if two people shared the housework, they would get nothing done. Even if she had a terrible backache tomorrow, she had to bite the bullet and get up, bearing the heavy load of housework...<br />
<br />
车轮下<br />
<br />
Under the Wheels<br />
<br />
袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng slept late at night and when he rubbed his eyes the next morning, it was already broad daylight outside the window. "Shit!" He dressed frantically, "I'll be late again..."<br />
<br />
兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为一家人做早饭。<br />
<br />
Lanying had already got up, enduring the back pain, and was making breakfast for the family.<br />
<br />
画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
<br />
The painter asked in amazement, "Who told you to get up? You are not well yet!"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺一躺。”画家匆匆吃过早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
<br />
Lanying said, "It's nothing, I'm still on sick leave anyway. I can still lie down after you leave." The painter hurriedly ate the breakfast, pushed the bicycle and rushed out the door.<br />
<br />
在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过一场大雪,北风一刮,马路上结着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, it was the season when dripping water turned into ice and the breath from the mouth immediately turned to frost. After a heavy snowfall, and when the north wind blew, the roads were thick with ice. The trees on the roadside were covered with silver flowers, and the buildings shone with a dazzling silver glow like a richly decorated jade palace.<br />
<br />
画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命 的时刻。<br />
<br />
The painter was very anxious. Early in the morning, for others was the beginning of the day's work, but for him was the continuation of the night's work. The turn of day and night was the moment when he was busy running around and exhausted.<br />
<br />
人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
<br />
How many ordeals there were in life! Social, natural and accidental...<br />
<br />
穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽听一阵隆隆的马达声。一辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
<br />
Through a street, there was a busy intersection ahead, cars running like the tide. He rode forward cautiously, and suddenly heard a rumble of motors. A reckless truck crossed the intersection, refusing to slow down, as if there was no one else there. <br />
With fast speed, slippery ground, and without preparation, the painter had been too late to dodge it. A crush with a sound of bang, the painter flew far away with the car and fell to the ground. Just then, another truck came from the opposite side, and the painter was passed under the wheels of the truck like a ball...<br />
<br />
街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
<br />
When the people in the street saw this scene of tragedy, they screamed and froze there.<br />
<br />
卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
<br />
The truck driver lost his composure, forgetting to brake in the panic, and putting his right foot on the accelerator and drove on. The truck's big wheels ran over the bicycle, the steel frame uttered a short groan, and the bicycle seat was crushed into a ball. The truck kept going towards the painter.<br />
<br />
这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸口一轧,就算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
<br />
It was a moment of pain, a moment of approaching death. It was over. As soon as the car rolled over his chest, his life was over. He had suffered repeatedly on the road of life, and had never been willing to give in to the fate, but this time he was afraid that he would not be able to escape. He left his beloved art, his wife and children, and died meaninglessly...<br />
<br />
按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同情——预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头——抗争！<br />
<br />
According to Goethe, people could only have three feelings about their own sufferings and that of others: fear, terror and sympathy--the anxiety of foreseeing the coming catastrophe, the unexpected discovery of current suffering and the sympathy for the suffering of the time or the past. However, the painter, who fell under the wheel, had none of these three feelings in the hazy consciousness that flashed through his mind. Even at such a moment, he showed his stubborn character, and had only one strong thought--to struggle!<br />
<br />
接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
<br />
What happened next was unbelievable to the startled roadside pedestrians. They saw the body that fell under the truck suddenly straightened up, stretching out a pair of arms, and clinging to the front bumper of the truck. The truck roared and shook, as if to destroy the barrier; the person under the wheels struggled, slid, and refused to give up. People in the streets of Changchun saw a scene of flesh and blood stubbornly fighting with the steel monster.<br />
<br />
“千万不能倒下！”画家想,“一倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
<br />
"I must not fall down!" The painter thought, "If I fall down, I'll never get up again..."<br />
<br />
卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
<br />
The truck dragged the painter along the icy road, for 5 meters, 10 meters... Until the driver regained his normal reflexes, he hit the brake, overcoming the car's inertia.<br />
<br />
画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
<br />
The painter was injured seriously and his clothes were torn into ragged strips. He was taken to the hospital.<br />
<br />
抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天才清醒过来。<br />
<br />
When Lanying, who was sick at home, heard the news, there was a buzz in her head, and she felt that the sky was spinning, and her legs went limp. It took her a long time to wake.<br />
<br />
兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾一切地赶到医院。存车的时候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙怎么也拔不出来。<br />
<br />
Lanying got on her bicycle and, not knowing where she got the strength, she rushed to the hospital regardless. When she stored the car, she lost strength again. She could hardly look at the hospital door, her hands were shaking, and she could not pull the key out.<br />
<br />
存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚才进医院的时候,自己还能走路。”<br />
<br />
The old lady at the parking lots recognized Lanying: "You are Yuan's lover, right? Don't be afraid. He just walked into the hospital by himself."<br />
<br />
兰英这才觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
<br />
Lanying felt relieved now.<br />
<br />
兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫妻双双躺在床上。<br />
<br />
Lanying took her husband home to recover from his injuries. After this mental stimulation, the sick wife’s body was heavier. Both the couple lay in bed.<br />
<br />
孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和女儿一人捧回一包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
<br />
The child was left unattended. Lanying took out a few cents and asked the children to buy food. After a while, the son and daughter each brought back a packet of cookies, standing by the bed with tears in their eyes.<br />
<br />
儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
<br />
The son said, "Dad, eat this."<br />
<br />
女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
<br />
The daughter said, "Daddy, eat mine."<br />
<br />
兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿......<br />
<br />
Lanying took the children into her arms, wiping away the tears on their little faces for both of them. The children understood the family situation and tasted the desolation and fears of life too soon. Lanying only regrated that she couldn’t have more money to give her husband and children a little spiritual and physical compensation...<br />
<br />
画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰问。他们留下一百块钱赔偿经济损失——画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
<br />
While the painter was recovering from his injuries, the driver who caused the accident and the head of his unit came to his house to apologize and express sympathy. They left a hundred yuan to compensate for the economic loss--the painter's clothes, bicycle and medical expenses.<br />
<br />
客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
<br />
After the guests left, the painter sat on the bed, deep in thought.<br />
<br />
兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看一眼也令人伤心。<br />
<br />
Lanying looked at the pile of money and sighed sadly. Because her husband got it by escaping from death, she was sad even by glancing at it.<br />
<br />
画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
<br />
The painter suddenly got out of bed and paced around the house.<br />
<br />
“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, are you crazy?" His wife said with the tone of blame, "Your leg is not yet healed. Back to bed!"<br />
<br />
画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民——我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去！”<br />
<br />
The painter walked up to his wife, his eyes shining with excitement, "Look, I can walk! You know, I haven't gone out to paint for a long time, because I don't have that condition. How I long for the grassland in northern Shaanxi, the rushing Yellow River, and the people there--I'll take this money and go to Yan'an to paint from life!"<br />
<br />
这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是一个贫病交困的人的最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对一些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那样遥远,拼着性命才能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
<br />
This was the voice in the heart of the artist who just got up from under the wheel! This was the highest hope of a poor and sick man! His request was so limited, which didn’t matter to some people, but was so far away for him, who needed to fight for it with his life. Lanying felt like her chest was hit hard, with her heart burning, and ran out of words. She looked at her husband's sincere face, and understood it. Now that it could bring joy and satisfaction to him who longed to paint, then let him go.<br />
<br />
数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
<br />
A few days later, Yuan Yunsheng, dragging his unhealed body, carrying a heavy pack and painting tools, set off on a snowy and windy road with his wife's affectionate gaze...<br />
<br />
袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng went through difficulties on the trip to northern Shaanxi. As months went by, his face was engraved with the marks of the plateau sun and sandstorms, and he returned home with his bag full of sketches.<br />
<br />
袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,一举一动都受到街道居委会的监视。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing, he went to see Jiang Feng. At that time, the air in Beijing was suffocating. Jiang Feng was over 60 years old, whose situation was even worse than before. He lived alone in a messy compound, and his every move was monitored by the street committee.<br />
<br />
袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没有什么值得高兴的——中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路线走一遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng sat in front of the past the secretary of the Party Committee, bringing recent news of the old areas of northern Shaanxi. The news was nothing to cheer about--the People's Republic of China had been founded for more than twenty years, and everywhere he went along the route of the Red Army’s strategic shift, the people were still living in poverty. The young painter declaimed against the country’s failings, but suddenly thought that the walls have ears, and worried about the situation of the old man, so he dropped the subject and quietly looked at Jiang Feng.<br />
<br />
江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上挂着一幅画框,嵌着一张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng listened peacefully, looking calm, and had not intention of stopping him. On the wall behind him hung a framed sketch, which was exactly the one that Yuan Yunsheng painted for Jiang Feng in the Shuangqiao farm ten years ago. The old man maintained his inherent dignity as usual, and was a true tough man. Yuan Yunsheng experienced once again the spiritual power that calmed people down.<br />
<br />
袁运生打开画夹,把一组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng opened the portfolio and placed a group of sketches of people in northern Shaanxi in front of Jiang Feng, including a shepherd with a wrinkled face, a young people with a cold gaze showing disdain for everything, and a rural girl with her head bowed in contemplation... These characters were real and simple, with distinctive characters, and the unprovoked, unintelligible or artificial smiles that often appeared in general paintings could not be found on their faces. He painted the unique temperament of the people in northern Shaanxi.<br />
<br />
“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
<br />
"No one will publish these pictures if you take them out now." Jiang Feng said, "Maybe if you lose sincerity, you will get praise. But I think you are on the right way. The artist can't cater to the mass!"<br />
<br />
袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手一丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out another long scroll of landscape, 68 centimeters wide and more than 400 centimeters long. This painting depicted the lofty Jiaji Pagoda, the flowing water of the Yellow River that broke the ice, and the vast plateau scenery. It took him two whole days to stand in the cold wind and meticulously paint it with his frozen hands, and the strokes were rigorous and majestic.<br />
<br />
画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于1974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
<br />
In one corner of the picture were noted a few lines of small characters: "Written two days after painting at the end of December 1974, when the Yellow River water just broke the ice and flowed on."<br />
<br />
江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他说:“呵,黄河!一泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声音……"<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng extremely liked it after looking at it. The familiar scenery in northern Shaanxi in the picture evoked the strong feelings of the veteran of Yan’an. He said, "Oh, Yellow River! Flowing down vigorously, rushing and surging, and stirring up lofty high raging waves. I seem to hear its voice again..."<br />
<br />
春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了!<br />
<br />
The day finally came like the spring water breaking through the ice and fire erupting from the heart of the earth!<br />
<br />
担担画<br />
<br />
Shoulder Pole Painting<br />
<br />
“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
<br />
When the "Gang of Four" disappeared from political life, the art world burst into life.<br />
<br />
美术界一些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头角,施展才华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是一个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。这个磨砺精深的艺术家，就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
<br />
Some upright men in the art world sympathized with Yuan Yunsheng, whose talent had been buried for many years, and hoped that he could show his talent again. Zhang Ding, the president of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, wrote specially to recommend him to paint. Fei Zheng, who was now the vice chairman of the Hebei Art Association, also made an effort to help him. However, all these efforts were mildly rebuffed and turned back by various excuses. It was clear that Yuan Yunsheng's name was still an ominous thing, subject to indifference and discrimination. This artist with superb painting skills did not even have the opportunity to draw a comic book.<br />
<br />
乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
<br />
Even when it's warmer there is still a chill. It is most difficult to keep well.<br />
<br />
在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,一头不驯服的长发如垂下万根烦恼丝 。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
<br />
In his humble room in Changchun, Yuan Yunsheng was drawing a portrait of himself with a brush in his hand in front of a mirror. A head full of sadness appeared on the sketch, with deep creases, a weed-like beard, and long untamed hair such as hanging down ten thousand trouble silk. His hair was very long and he didn’t have time to care about it, so rarely trimmed it. This appearance, from the personality of the art, matched the painter's difficult state of mind and stubborn temperament... He was nearly forty years old. Since the criticism of ''Memory of the Water Town'', he had not painted a picture according to his own will for more than ten years. How could it not make him have thousands of trouble silk!<br />
<br />
他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
<br />
He threw down his paintbrush irritably and picked up a novel to kill time.<br />
<br />
兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
<br />
Every time Lanying returned home, she always asked with concern, "Yunsheng, have you got any news?"<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head, and the wife sighed.<br />
<br />
兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
<br />
Lanying was already a middle-aged woman. She gave birth to a third child and shouldered the burden of a family of five. On the family agenda, Lanying's main concern was still her husband's art. Art brought joy to her husband, and his joy was her joy. She also waited with the same anxiety.<br />
<br />
1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
<br />
In May 1978, the enthusiastic efforts of a few friends finally paid off, and Yuan Yunsheng got a chance to go out sketching in the beautiful Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province.<br />
<br />
他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了妻子,全家人像过节一样快乐。<br />
<br />
When he received the telegram from Yunnan People's Publishing House, he was ecstatically happy. He immediately told his wife this excellent thing and the whole family was happy just like at a festival.<br />
<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
<br />
His son asked curiously, "Dad, what does Xishuangbanna look like?"<br />
<br />
“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
<br />
"Beautiful!" He said with a smile, "I'll show you the picture I paint when I came back."<br />
<br />
女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
<br />
His daughter tugged at his coat: "Dad, what good things are there in Xishuangbanna?"<br />
<br />
“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
<br />
"There’s a lot of fruit." He stroked his daughter's head, "I'll buy some for you to eat."<br />
<br />
他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
<br />
He was busy packing and organizing his painting tools, making a big mess, and he could not wait to start on his way.<br />
<br />
兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying looked at the things spread all over the floor and asked in amazement: "Why do you bring so many things?"<br />
<br />
丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注一掷了!”<br />
<br />
Her husband said, "It's a rare opportunity, so I need to go for broke!"<br />
<br />
是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使一颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴一样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
<br />
Yes, this painter had been treated coldly for many years. If you think about his action of picking himself up from under the wheel and going to northern Shaanxi that year, you can understand his feelings at this moment. He was eager to go deeply into life and considered it more important than life. Now, a publishing unit sent a formal invitation to him, which made the heart of a man who was loyal to art ablaze like dry firewood.<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,一针针,一线线,直缝到天色薄明。<br />
<br />
In the evening, Lanying found some old cloth and sewed a backpack for her husband under the lamp, needle by needle, thread by thread, until the break of dawn.<br />
<br />
“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
<br />
"How long will you go this time?" Lanying asked.<br />
<br />
“三个月吧。”画家说,“你一个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
<br />
"About three months." The painter said, "Can you take after three children alone?"<br />
<br />
妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
<br />
The wife smiled: "I'm satisfied that you can think of my difficulties..."<br />
<br />
这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府——景洪。他被西双版纳惊人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁着珠光宝气。<br />
<br />
In May of that year, Yuan arrived at Jinghong, the capital of Xishuangbanna, on the banks of the Lancang River. He was deeply shocked by the amazing beauty of Xishuangbanna. When he looked up, everywhere was rich green, and everywhere was picturesque. <br />
The forest was as green as emerald, the valley was like being paved with green velvet, the river was like flowing congealed fat, and the moist air also felt like crystal. No wonder the Dai people compared Xishuangbanna to a shining jewel. The mountains and waters here were glittering with pearls.<br />
<br />
有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
<br />
Who could feel the beauty of life better than a painter? There were so many beautiful sceneries, as if he came to the paradise in hope. The creator of nature seemed to have a special love for this land and poured out the romantic colors of the world everywhere, so that he feasted his eyes on it and he was ecstatic!<br />
<br />
他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地 。招待所的服务人员很有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进一间中等客房。<br />
<br />
He checked in the Jinghong hostel and took a break, preparing to go deeper into the Xishuangbanna. The hostel staff received the painter politely, leading him into a moderate room.<br />
<br />
画家开口就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "How much does this room cost for one day?"<br />
<br />
服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
<br />
The staff said, "Two yuan and a half."<br />
<br />
“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
<br />
"Is there any room cheaper?"<br />
<br />
“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"There is one for seventy dimes a day."<br />
<br />
“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"Good! I’ll check in this room."<br />
<br />
他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下一步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
<br />
He was used to being careful with his money. When he left Changchun, he borrowed a limited amount of money from his unit. He spent a large part of it in the road, and the next economic source was still unknown... The painter plunged into the thick of life and everyone lived well, but he was willing to live in the bottom.<br />
<br />
幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
<br />
Fortunately, Fei Zheng supported him again, sending him 300 yuan from Hebei. This was three-quarters of Fei Zheng's demobilization fee. This timely and generous support gave Yuan Yunsheng the courage to move forward.<br />
<br />
云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
<br />
The Yunnan People's Publishing House assigned a young editor to accompany Yuan Yunsheng to paint. When the Dai boy came to meet him at the hostel, the painter took out everything he had brought from Changchun.<br />
<br />
好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有140多斤重。小伙子看了直抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
<br />
My goodness! The big wooden box contained 18 pieces of plywood, several big bundles of manuscript paper, and a backpack as big as a sack, which was stuffed with pigments, painting tools and daily necessities... They weighed more than 140 pounds altogether. The young man scratched the back of his head after looking at them. He couldn’t imagine how the painter carried them off the train and took them into the dense forests of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out a shoulder pole, smiling at the young man.<br />
<br />
瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
<br />
Look how proud he was, as if he wanted to take the natural scenery of Xishuangbanna into his bag. A few days later, he picked this bent shoulder pole, into the lush subtropical jungle...<br />
<br />
奏鸣曲<br />
<br />
Sonata<br />
<br />
瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
<br />
Look, that was the big banyan tree! Its crown was like clouds that could shelter against the sun, as a solemn and benevolent old grandmother.<br />
<br />
呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
<br />
Ah, that was the areca nut tree, straight and tall, and the local young men and women used it to symbolize everlasting love.<br />
<br />
那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝一样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
<br />
That was the sandalwood tree, whose branches and leaves were as thin as hair. It looked so dashing, like a poet reciting poetry with his hair hanging down.<br />
<br />
就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
<br />
Even the bamboo forest here was different. It was luxuriant and verdant, growing in clusters, like a peacock showing its tail.<br />
<br />
西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在一棵树前,一画就是一整天。<br />
<br />
The plants in Xishuangbanna were the most beautiful! The abundant sunshine and humid climate gave the plant population a particularly rich, dense, and graceful image. The world here was unparalleled, and was looked full of beautiful things. The painter had to suppress his excitement, to gather his feelings and to retain his feelings more precisely in a slower way. He stood in front of a tree and painte all day.<br />
<br />
“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
<br />
"Hey, what kind of tree is that?" The painter asked his fellow editor.<br />
<br />
“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
<br />
"It's called the pattra-leaf tree." The young man enthusiastically introduced, "The Dai people use its leaves instead of paper, and many ancient folklores are recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra."<br />
<br />
袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。每一笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理睬......<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng spread out the paper and painted the unique canopies of the pattra-leaf tree, which were in order, as if the tree wore an armor made of metal chains. Each brush stroke played its role, showing the vitality of green life in layers on the paper. The tropical sun was shooting flames above the painter's head, and it was very hot that beads of sweat oozed from his head. Swarms of insects flew out of the grass and could not be driven away. His legs were red and felt itchy from being bitten. He shook his head helplessly and simply ignored them...<br />
<br />
中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来才深有感受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
<br />
At noon, the young man brought two glutinous rice cakes and thrust them into the painter's hand: "I deeply feel that painting is really a hard job when I come out with you."<br />
<br />
画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在一起的......”<br />
<br />
The painter said with a smile, "Beauty and bitter are always linked together..."<br />
<br />
他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
<br />
They had been staying in a Dai family's bamboo hut. The painter got to know the customs of this warm and kind ethnic group from the perspective of daily life.<br />
<br />
每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
<br />
Every day after dinner, the painter came out of the bamboo hut and went to the forest glade. This was the most charming moment in Xishuangbanna. The sunset glow tinted the village, the treetops, and the water of Lancang River red. A group of Dai girls came slowly, carrying small spinning wheels on their shoulders, small lanterns in their hands, and their tight and floor-length dresses swaying with the wind. They were so slender, so light on their feet, and so graceful, as if a group of beautiful fairies had descended from the sky.<br />
<br />
“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露一截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后一盘,自然地溜向一边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
<br />
"So beautiful!" The painter expressed his feeling to the companion, "Look, those girls' girdles, golden and silver, are like exquisite crafts. But I will never paint their girdles, which will separate the body and destroy the integrity of it. I prefer their natural dressing. See, those girls' dressing is very natural. Their jackets are short, their skirts are long, and a part of the waist is exposed between the jacket and the skirt, which is a high level of aesthetic point of view, making them look slim and tall, pavilion... And look at their hairstyle, tying the hair into a bun, which is naturally slipped to one side. It has got a real Tang style! This ethnic group is amazing. They know best the beauty of details..."<br />
<br />
少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来一阵阵悠扬的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
<br />
The girls dispersed to all corners of the forest glade. Small groups of boys came out of nowhere, and gathered around the girls, talking and laughing. Through the twilight, an orange lantern was lit, and there came the sound of spinning wheels. Dai women had known since childhood not to rely on their parents but to rely on hard-working hands to prepare their own dowry. They were weaving happy love.<br />
<br />
诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就在苦苦思索一个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
<br />
The poetic atmosphere of the southern border was knocking on the window of the artist's inspiration. Whenever such a moment came, Yuan Yunsheng was thinking hard about a question: What was the master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
<br />
Was beauty in your colorful appearance and jewelry with pearls and jades? Painted your face, but could not paint your unique charm; collapsed at your feet, only acting as a servant of the naturalism.<br />
<br />
面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我感受却不尽相同。一百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,一百种不同的表现方法。<br />
<br />
Faced with the same object, the images on different painters’ retinas were the same; however, their own feelings were not the same. A hundred painters could have a hundred different answers, and a hundred different methods of expression.<br />
<br />
艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。 <br />
<br />
Art was valued for having a "self". He was looking for “his” own Xishuangbanna.<br />
<br />
从夏末到中秋,他在一串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勐定的一个偏僻的小村寨。<br />
<br />
From late summer to mid-autumn, he left his footprints in a string of pearl-like place names, and then came to a small remote village in Mengding.<br />
<br />
这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本寨的荣耀。<br />
<br />
The painter's visit caused a sensation in the small cottage, where apparently few guests had visited. During the evening meeting, the whole village cast warm and curious glances at him with laughter and noise, as if his arrival was an honor for the village.<br />
<br />
同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无力同病魔斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是“鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者一商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
<br />
The fellow editor told him that the village was called "Ghost Village". Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Dai people could not fight against illnesses. If someone was ill, it was said that he was possessed by a "ghost". When someone in the same village was pointed out to be the incarnation of the "ghost", several "respected" elders would immediately drive him out after discussion. Over time, those who were driven out formed a village, gathering a group of people who were discriminated against.<br />
<br />
“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的一瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
<br />
The sufferings of the people in the "ghost village" drew the deep sympathy of the painter. The painter cast a friendly glance at them and found that the people here had beautiful looks. If the Dai ethnic group was a beautiful ethnic group, this village was the essence of beauty. The girls like flowers, the charming women, the sturdy young men, all of whom were happy to accept the painter's request to make a sketch of themselves. Later, they simply came to the painter's home and stood in front of him with good grace, hoping to attract his attention. The painter was so busy that he waved his hand without a break. They loved beauty by nature and were proud of it.<br />
<br />
小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在一起进餐,然后由男方挑着担子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像一泓溪水那样清澈。<br />
<br />
Life in the small village was calm and quiet. The painter lived for many days and he didn't hear of any family quarrel. Men and women were financially independent of each other, and earned income, daily necessities, and working tools were clearly divided. When there were rifts in a family, the woman usually proposed to move away. The whole family sat quietly together for a meal before her departure, and then the man carried the pole to see her off. They treated each other with respect. The old and young were in harmony with each other. The young generation respected the elders and served them with courtesy; the elders took care of the younger generation, but never rigidly restrain them... What a simple relationship between them! It was not polluted by the secular society, as clear as a stream.<br />
<br />
一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
<br />
After a day’s work, the young men and women danced the Elach on the green grass. Joyful drumbeats and the crisp sound of gongs created a distinctive rhythm. The girls formed a queue, stepping gracefully and stretching their soft arms. They had reserved and self-respecting looks with a solemn yearning in the haze. What were they yearning for?<br />
<br />
这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在古老的贝叶经里的传说——从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑娘们生出一计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头一沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
<br />
This was a common dance in the Water-Sprinkling Festival. The Dai editor who accompanied the painter told the painter a legend recorded in the ancient the Pattra-leaf Sutra--once upon a time there was an ugly demon Lord who wanted to take the beautiful girls from each village for himself. He plundered six girls and wanted to take the seventh one, which was hated by the Dai people. The girls came up with a plan to get him drunk and asked him, "What are you most afraid of?" The devil said that he was afraid of nothing. He could only be strangled with his hair, but he could be reborn when his head touched the ground... The girls strangled his head while he was drunk. In order to keep his head from touching the ground, the girls took turns to hold his head in their hands. The annual Water-Sprinkling Festival was to celebrate the people's victory over devilry and to wash away the dirty stains left behind by the demon Lord, so that the spring of freedom and happiness was always in the hearts of the Dai people...<br />
<br />
晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
<br />
At night, the painter returned to the bamboo hut. The moonlight was bright and the shadow of trees was dancing, like flowing mercury pouring in front of the door. On this silent night, he could not sleep for a long time.<br />
<br />
广为流传的神话传说,往往是一个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑海里汇集,逐渐熔化为一团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西双版纳。这是一个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条——单纯与丰富高度和谐地统一!<br />
<br />
Widespread myths and legends were often the windows to the mind of an ethnic group. The story about the origin of the Water-Sprinkling Festival deepened the painter's understanding of this ethnic group who loved beauty. Since he set foot on the land of Xishuangbanna, the mountains, rivers, forests, people and landscapes he saw were like countless colorful light spots, whirling and flickering, gathering in his mind, and gradually melting into a bright flame, which rose from the canopy of thinking. Oh! The master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna, wasn’t the spiritual power of the Dai people to worship a better future and great love? Their hearts were so clean that they always kept their ethnic group’s nature of purity. So, the colorful and vibrant plants, and the natural and simple Dai women with their unique beauty constituted the painter’s general image of Xishuangbanna: "my" own Xishuangbanna. This was a world of lines, soft and elastic lines, unrestrained and smooth lines, upright and beautiful lines, and also tangled and slow lines like gossamers--simplicity and richness were highly harmonious!<br />
<br />
他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的一组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
<br />
He waved lines and made hundreds of line-drawing paintings. If the heavy color painting was compared to the symphony, the line drawing was the solo of lines. Yuan Yunsheng's artistic style, which was formed through years of honing, showed a fantastic charm in the solo of lines. It was a set of passionate sonatas that he dedicated to the Dai people with sincere feelings.<br />
<br />
昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
<br />
Kunming held an exhibition for Yuan Yunsheng. His paintings were delivered to the Yunnan People's Publishing House for selection and editing. The foreword written for him by the editor Liu Shaohui began with a few lines from the Dai folk narrative poem ''The Gourd Letter''.<br />
<br />
公主啊!<br />
<br />
O Princess!<br />
<br />
你是一颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
<br />
You are a brilliant jewel,<br />
<br />
但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
<br />
I wish I were a silversmith,<br />
<br />
把宝石镶在我的心上......<br />
<br />
Setting the jewel in my heart...<br />
<br />
他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
<br />
He praised Yuan Yunsheng for setting the "jewel" of Xishuangbanna in his heart.<br />
<br />
二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
<br />
For more than twenty years, it was the first time Yuan Yunsheng heard an affirmation of his art.<br />
<br />
袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
<br />
During his stay in Yunnan, Yuan Yunsheng constantly received letters from his wife, who told him they were safe.<br />
<br />
兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
<br />
What Lanying said in the letter made the painter felt like drinking a glass of sweet spring water, cool and delicious, soothing and cheerful when he read each letter. At the end of his wife's letters, there were always these lines: "Don't worry about the family. Paint your paintings, and if you can't finish them, you don't have to hurry back..."<br />
<br />
画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
<br />
The painter smiled with relief. During his busy days in Xishuangbanna, his main worry was "the fire in the backyard", but his wife's letter lifted his worries.<br />
<br />
其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
<br />
In fact, it was an eventful year. A wind of earthquakes blew in Changchun, and the whole city was in a panic. People were busy building quake-proof shelters, moving things, and transferring to shelters.<br />
<br />
画家在长春的一个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁愕然了。<br />
<br />
A friend of the painter in Changchun, thinking of the painter's wife and children, rushed to their home to visit. He was stunned.<br />
<br />
这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出一个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗震棚挪动着……<br />
<br />
The humble room was as it had been, and the furniture and sundries were not organized. The children were playing with their heads down. Lanying, bending over and sweating, dragged out a heavy wooden box full of the painter's paintings from the house, and moved it to the nearby quake-proof shelter...<br />
<br />
显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
<br />
Obviously, this was the most precious thing in the heart of the painter's wife. She knew the painter's hardship best, understanding the value of art from the hardships of it.<br />
<br />
朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道。<br />
<br />
The friend's heart trembled with excitement. Lanying still did not tell her husband about this. If his friend had not later recounted the scene he saw, he would never have known.<br />
<br />
壁画之梦 <br />
<br />
The Dream of Murals<br />
<br />
不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。 <br />
<br />
At some point, through the glass window covered with ice flowers, a hazy blue light came in, like a fairy stretching out her white arms and lifting the veil as soft as a dream.<br />
<br />
屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀一样扑朔不定。 <br />
<br />
The room seemed bright and dim, with faint yellow glow of the electric light and murky air around, and the glow fluttered in a haze of smoke like wings.<br />
<br />
他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。 <br />
<br />
He wagged his head vigorously, and rubbed his eyes. The paintings on the table turned into a white mist, rising and spreading. Everything was blurred.<br />
<br />
他搞不清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里…… <br />
<br />
He didn’t know whether he was awake at the moment, or vaguely in a dream...<br />
<br />
昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。一抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从梦境回到了现实的世界。 <br />
<br />
Last night he slept too late and smoked too much. Or rather, he didn't sleep, just lying next to the messy paintings and ashtray full of cigarette butts on the table for a while. When he looked up, it was dawn. The first ray of morning sunlight caressed the buildings in the suburbs of Beijing. He pushed the window open, and let the cold morning breeze chase away the fatigue of the night. He went back from the dream to the real world.<br />
<br />
这是1979年1月,在北京白家庄。 <br />
<br />
It was January 1979, in Baijiazhuang, Beijing.<br />
<br />
袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和工艺美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得到了推荐,也在被邀请之列。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing on his way home from a six-month-long trip to Yunnan. A great joy forced him to stay in Beijing. At that time, the new terminal building of Capital Airport was like a magnificent crystal palace going up in the eastern suburbs of Beijing, equipped with the world's most advanced technology. The spacious and comfortable departure lounges and restaurants, automatic doors, baggage carousels, weight scales with electronic digital display, special quartz clocks made by Seikosha, high-efficiency indoor air conditioning devices, precise navigation and communication systems... They constituted the magnificent air gateway of the capital, whose degree of modernization was unparalleled in China. In today's world, modern architectural design was integrated with exquisite art decoration, and the ancient mural art was revived, accommodating with the development of construction industry based on new industrial technology. People in charge of the capital airport were managers of the new enterprise indeed. They invited more than fifty excellent artists as well as arts and crafts workers, led by Zhang Ding, the dean of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, to create a large modern murals for the terminal building. Yuan Yunsheng, who had been silent for more than two decades, was lucky enough to be recommended and was among the invitees.<br />
<br />
随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使一些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单一些,拿他的话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。” <br />
<br />
With the opening of a crack in the window of ideological liberation in early 1979, the close relationship between literature and art and politics, which was very hot, was gradually adjusted over the years, making some artists calm down. They reconsidered the old and difficult proposition of the relationship between literature and art and politics, and denied the claim that literature and art was subordinate to politics. Their intentions were kind and peaceful, unwilling to use the arrow of art to touch sensitive political issues to avoid being blamed for something other than art; at the same time, they hoped to escape from the influence of the wind change and maintain the relative stability of the range of art, without rising or falling like a floating feather. But Yuan Yunsheng thought more simply, in his words, "Art is art, which needs to be sincere."<br />
<br />
袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节——生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻辑和客观条件应运而生的。 <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng's large mural design ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', was born based on this simple logic and objective conditions.<br />
<br />
候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的一块地方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴的哲理。他决定抦弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。” <br />
<br />
A large wall of the passenger’s dining room in the terminal, together with a corner, was given to him. What a big space! He stood before the white wall, astonished and delighted, wanting to pour out all the words in the heart to this wall. Artistic creation always spared no effort without reservation to present the most beautiful part of the artist's feelings of the mind. For more than twenty years, the language of art and life he had accumulated resounded in his heart like a surging river, and the unforgettable impression he had from his trip to Xishuangbanna was the climax of the good things and the leaping wave of his whole life experience. At that time, the only subject he thought of was the Water-Splashing Festival. The myths and legends he heard, recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra condensed the emotions like flames, the free imagination and the clear and pure philosophy of the tropical ethnic group. He decided to abandon the conception of genre and narrative paintings and used the lines he had practiced over the years to express the people's desire for a future of freedom and happiness. He said, “It is a pleasant surprise for me to paint a mural praising the spirit and sentiment of the Dai people on a huge wall with 27 meters wide and 3.4 meters high."<br />
<br />
主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知命运如何? <br />
<br />
Artists who advocated art for the sake of politics could also attribute this subject to politics. However, this idea, after all, left the specific political context and contained the deeper and more distant time and space as well as timeless themes. If it was in the past, such an artistic conception would have been intervened by politics and would have been accused of rebelling against orthodoxy. What was his fate this time?<br />
<br />
袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng's brother, Yuan Yunfu, gave him a room in his apartment in Baijiazhuang, which was both a bedroom and a studio. However, the small bed was rarely used. He spread out his sketch and entered a dream, a dream of flowing lines and beautiful colors...<br />
<br />
在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统一。那座大门却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门搏斗,一支接一支地吸烟,一张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。 <br />
<br />
In the dream of art, there were also untold troubles. Apart from anything else, the door in the wall of the dining room was annoying. Originally, the artistic language of mural should be harmonized with the artistic language of architecture. The door, however, divided the wall and become an obstacle to the artistic conception. He spent the whole night fighting with the annoying door, smoking one cigarette after another, and drawing one sketch after another. His brother lived in the room opposite to his room, who could see the light coming from the crack of the door all night long, and the smell of smoke wafted up. And his energy, effort and life were consumed in the light blue smoke. The next day when the door was opened, his face was pale.<br />
<br />
“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。 <br />
<br />
"How can your body stand it!" Yuan Yunfu said.<br />
<br />
“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……” <br />
<br />
"It's doesn't matter." He smiled faintly, "I get used to it..."<br />
<br />
在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出一股韧性。为了重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟此时的心情。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of the elder brother, his younger brother was a completely different people than before. On the night more than twenty years ago, when Yuan Yunsheng told his brother that he was classified as a "rightist” in the same room, his round face was full of innocence, as if he was telling a light anecdote. Now, that face had experienced the hardships and troubles of life, stumbling on the rugged road, and had become angular with a stern look, revealing a resilience. In order to regain this opportunity to create in Beijing, what a price he had to pay! Yuan Yunfu understood his brother's feelings at this time.<br />
<br />
整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法——“拱桥的两头很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》） <br />
<br />
All day long, Yuan Yunsheng locked himself in his room and had a dream of mural. He was inspired by the familar principle of the arch bridge in the suburbs of Suzhou, and found a way to cross the gate -- “The two ends of the arch bridge are very heavy, holding the towering and thin top. It is stable in mechanics, and how beautiful the curve like the rainbow is! The idea of constructing a rainbow of people with the activities of the Dai people is fascinating..." (quoted in ''Art Research'', Issue 1, 1980, Yuan Yunsheng: ''The Dream of Murals'')<br />
<br />
实现这个迷人的想法,真是一项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每一个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了…… <br />
<br />
It was a huge project to realize this fascinating idea. The splendid and colorful images of the Water-Splashing Festival came to his eyes: carrying water, sharing water, splashing water, dancing, boat racing, bathing at night, the quiet family life in the bamboo house of the Dai people and the young men and women who didn’t want to leave with each other in the jungle after dusk... Hundreds of characters appeared under his brush, and each of them was vivid and true. At the same time, it was decorative, exaggerated, personalized, and full of lyricism. The sketch was longer and longer, and the crowds like the rainbow were stretching out. The painter, who was immersed in the frenzy of his creation, seemed to be accompanied by music in his ears. He grasped the brush as if grasping the baton of the symphony orchestra, to express the shifts of melody and rhythm through the flowing lines, and the solemn, fervent and tenaciously upward theme song gradually rose up...<br />
<br />
又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还有灯光。 <br />
<br />
It was another early morning that Yuan Yunfu, who lived in the opposite room, woke up from his sleep and saw the light under the door of his brother’s room.<br />
<br />
这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunfu was also very tired these days. He also participated in the creation of murals at the Capital Airport, painting the first draft of ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan''. If he was exploring the path of art with his experience and artistic accomplishment, his brother was sprinting with his life. Half a month passed, in fifteen days and nights, the light in the opposite room did not go out. What an amazing perseverance! Even the golden stone should cry for his sincerity of the art... <br />
<br />
对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀! <br />
<br />
A light blue smoke was coming from the opposite room with a heavy coughing sound, each hoarser than the last. However, he was still painting, and still smoking incessantly. The coughing sound could be heard without end, and it was heart-wrenching to hear it in the silence before dawn. He was destroying the foundation of his health to build a spiritual building, and the lines on the sketch were clearly the blood streak of life!<br />
<br />
天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休息几天,回长春去过年吧。” <br />
<br />
After dawn, Yuan Yunfu said to his brother, "You probably forget that the day after tomorrow is Lunar New Year's Eve. I advise you to take a few days off and go back to Changchun for the New Year."<br />
<br />
袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用。第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制。” <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng shook his head, “I don’t have enough time. Although the second draft was drawn, but I haven’t had time to copy it."<br />
<br />
“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。” <br />
<br />
"You don’t care about your own body, but you have to think about Lanying.” His brother said. "You have been away from Changchun for more than six months. It is unreasonable for you not to go back for the Spring Festival."<br />
<br />
提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能在家待几天?” <br />
<br />
When it came to Lanying, Yuan Yunsheng was no longer obstinate. On New Year's Eve, he rushed back to Changchun. Lanying asked him, "How many days can you stay at home this time?"<br />
<br />
画家说:“春节一过,还得讨论画稿。这一稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "After the New Year, I still have to discuss the drafts. I have not made a copy of this one yet, so I brought it back home."<br />
<br />
兰英叹了一口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……” <br />
<br />
Lanying sighed, "So, even in the Spring Festival, you still can’t have a good rest..."<br />
<br />
画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "It's not difficult to copy, but it takes time."<br />
<br />
兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?” <br />
<br />
Lanying thought about it, "Well, can I help you?"<br />
<br />
画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。 <br />
<br />
The painter looked at his wife with affection and nodded.<br />
<br />
这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下一个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹…… <br />
<br />
This was the first time that Lanying was directly involved in her husband's artistic creation. At night, they turned on the lamp, set up a glass plate, laid out a translucent copy paper, and copied the painting of the Water-Splashing Festival together. This work, which celebrated the Dai people, also left traces of a Han woman's feelings...<br />
<br />
从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
<br />
From the first to the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, they spent their time in this way. Lanying and the painter stayed up late together.<br />
<br />
忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴云笼罩着...... <br />
<br />
The busy painter did not even notice that Lanying's thin face was more withered, covered by the heavy cloud of illness...<br />
<br />
牛皮纸 <br />
<br />
Kraft Paper<br />
<br />
春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。 <br />
<br />
Just after the Spring Festival, Yuan Yunsheng returned to Beijing with the colored design.<br />
<br />
绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
<br />
Preparations for the mural painting were under way intensely. In order to get the best artistic effect, Capital Airport imported a batch of acrylic paints from Hong Kong. This was a new painting material popular in Europe, America and Japan in recent years. It had bright and soft color, strong covering power, and was suitable for multi-layered sfumato and foil, and maintained the stability of the color of the painting for a long time under various conditions of wetting, drying, hot and cold.<br />
<br />
参加《泼水节——生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
<br />
Lian Weiyun and Fei Zheng, two collaborators who participated in the painting of ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', also arrived in succession. They were both accomplished middle-aged artists. After looking Yuan Yunsheng's design, they were impressed by the charm of the combination of traditional techniques of Chinese painting and western modern art, and were interested in it and eager to have a try.<br />
<br />
脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。 <br />
<br />
The scaffolding was set up and the walls were covered with solid backing cloth. Everything was ready and it was early summer. One day in June, Lanying came to Beijing from Changchun.<br />
<br />
兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的一次妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。 <br />
<br />
This time, Lanying made a special trip to Beijing to see a doctor. In fact, her condition had already been discovered. In a gynecological examination before the Spring Festival, the doctor felt an obvious foreign body in the uterus. Because her husband was away and she needed to take care of the children, her illness had not been treated. Recently, due to the rapid aggravation of her condition, she had to go to a large hospital in Beijing for a diagnosis.<br />
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在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻待在一起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮工。 <br />
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While waiting to see a doctor, Lanying and her husband stayed in a newly built hotel for international flight crews at the Capital Airport. The room was small but comfortable with spring beds, a bathroom, and shutters in the ceiling also indicated that there was air-conditioning equipment. Since her marriage, Lanying had never lived in such a high-class accommodation with her husband. However, the time the couple spent together was still limited. Every day, when the first purple rays of the morning sun came in through the curtains, Yuan Yunsheng turned over and got up, hurriedly wipded the face. The sound of rushing away footsteps could be heard in the corridor. After a busy day, it was already late at night when he returned, covered in sweat and paint, like a house repairman who had just climbed down from the scaffolding.<br />
<br />
好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是出乎意料的,几个月以前的一小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到癌——恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢? <br />
<br />
Finally, it was the day of diagnosis. When Lanying got the diagnosis, moving tired steps out of the hospital, she felt her body and mind sinking downward, as if sinking into a bottomless abyss. The rate of the development of the disease was unexpected, a small foreign body a few months ago had grown into a big lump. Lanying herself was a surgeon, with professional knowledge and clinical experience, who understood the seriousness in the rate of deterioration of the disease. She thought about cancer--malignant cells tended to cause malformed expansion, while benign tumors were relatively steady; if it was not cancer, it was just a fluke. She walked slowly, and her mind was empty, the grey mist floating and sparks of consciousness flickering on and off. She felt painfully, intuitively, that the defenses of her health had been destroyed by everyday’s pressure because of excessive worry and fatigue from chores over the years. Did her lover, her children and everything in the future still belong to her?<br />
<br />
她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了候机大楼,站在脚手架旁…… <br />
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She went back to the airport. The painter could not be found at the accommodation during the day. She stepped across the long asphalt road, entered the terminal building, and stood by the scaffolding...<br />
<br />
大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着一场真正的建设——脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。 <br />
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The lobby was spacious and solemn. The new glass windows reflected the blue sky, and the abundant light rushed in and then spread out, softly scattering on the four walls. Here, in the heat of June, there was a real construction going on--the huge structure of scaffolding climbing up to the roof; on the ground, brushes, palettes and paint buckets were piled up haphazardly, showing how busy the art site was.<br />
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兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在…… <br />
<br />
Lanying looked up and found her husband's figure on the scaffolding. He bent over, holding a brush in his hand, sketching on the wall. His long black hair hang down from his forehead, swinging ceaselessly in the air with his body, as if a cellist holding the bowstring was absorbed in the enchanting music he was playing, and the world around him no longer existed...<br />
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兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,一个艺术赤子的オ华、智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。 <br />
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Lanying stood there dumbfounded. Here and now, perhaps only she could deeply understand her husband's state of mind. From the tiny world of that humble room in Changchun to this grand and spacious lobby, the talents, wisdom and suppressed ambition of a man who was loyal to art broke away from all fetters and poured out. He even wanted to put his hot life into the tip of the brush, pouring, splashing and melting into the picture in front of him.<br />
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墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华! <br />
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Various lines on the wall presented the dense jungle in Xishuangbanna, full of vitality. With the movement of the brush, like the process happened in color developer in the darkroom, the images of several Dai women gradually became clear. Their stretched waists, flexible arms, and action of strong inclination added the sense of motion of the scene of water splashing. Lanying seemed to hear the cheerful rhythm of the small gong and the exciting drumbeat of the elephant-foot drum. The hazy expressions in the women's faces had infinite yearnings. Thus, the dead wall became alive. It was the artist's passion for life was shining, the reproduction of a beautiful vision. The limited life of the artist was sublimated in the meaningful art!<br />
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站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。 <br />
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Standing behind the art stage to see the art was the easiest to touch off the aftertaste of life. <br />
<br />
兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得到了精神的补偿。 <br />
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Lanying felt relaxed, and the heavy feeling like being clogged with lead when she left the hospital was alleviated. Art had already intruded into her destiny, turning her from an outsider into an insider. She got spiritual compensation from the breath of artistic creation.<br />
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这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查有结果了吗?” <br />
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At this time, the painter climbed down from the scaffolding, spotted his wife at a glance, and walked quickly towards her, "Did you get the result of the examination at the hospital?"<br />
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兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说......” <br />
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Lanying said. "Go on with your work. I’ll talk to you when we came back..."<br />
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妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。” <br />
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The peaceful face of his wife reassured the painter. He said, "You should stay in your room and have a good rest."<br />
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“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
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"I'm not tired. Lanying smiled faintly and said with studied casualness, "What can I do for you?"<br />
<br />
Chapter Two<br />
<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对一对画稿上的人物动作。” <br />
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The painter seriously considered for a moment: “Oh, I need you here. Please imitate and check the action of the characters on the sketch for our reference.” <br />
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“好吧。”妻子应允了。 <br />
<br />
"All right." The wife agreed.<br />
<br />
兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容…… <br />
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Lanying made various body movements on the painter’s instructions. Fortunately, she was an active member of the literary and artistic activities twenty years ago with a little dance skills, natural movements, and an ideal slender body. It consumed a lot of time, and the painter looked left and right, directing Lanying's posture while examining the characters on the sketch. For Lanying, who was ill, it was an excessive burden. But she maintained a dignified posture with great endurance, and a serene smile appeared on her pale and tired face...<br />
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几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为一个外科医生,如果给自己开一张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的一桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カ一搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏在心底很久很久了。 <br />
<br />
A few days later, Lanying boarded the northbound train and left Beijing. Her husband went to the station to see her off. Until the moment before her departure, the wife did not tell her husband about her illness. Lanying repeatedly considered the gains and losses. As a surgeon, she would not have hesitated to write “hospitalize immediately and surgically remove" if she had given herself a treatment order. The key to the treating a relentless tumor, whether it was benign or malignant, was to treat it in time.But she thought of her husband, and a wonderful career beyond him. Once she was hospitalized for a major surgery, her husband would not hesitate to accompany her and serve her, because she had no other close relatives in this world. In that way, the painter's work would stop, or at least be influence. Her husband was struggling on the difficult road of art and could not be delayed. Lanying had to give up her treatment, even if it meant the hope of life, in exchange for the extension of the artistic life. This idea, from the day she fell in love with the painter, had been buried in her heart for a long, long time.<br />
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一声长笛,列车开走了,载着一颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾霭中...... <br />
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With a whistle, the train drove away, carrying the heart of an ordinary but great woman, and disappearing in the fog...<br />
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袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,一株热带丛林特有的鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像是在为自己的青春而骄傲…… <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng and his collaborators worked hard and four months passed. The painting work was coming to an end. Turning a corner of the wall, a view of Xishuangbanna at dusk appeared. In the light blue glow, there was a Passionfora edulis unique to the tropical jungle. Its luxuriant branches and leaves were like a cluster of hydrangea, forming a beautiful screen. Dai girls Girls who took a bath at night, holding a clay pot, poured clear spring water on their body. They wore their long and undulating hair down to the ground, which seemed like the ripples of water flowing from high mountains. After the bath, the girls were combing their long hair with a tender smile on their face, as if they were proud of their youth...<br />
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环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。 <br />
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Surrounding the girl's bodies were a few flowing lines, which were the outline of the clothes that was sketched out in the draft. The painter was still uncertain how to handle them. In the process of painting, the onlookers who came and went through the lobby paid special attention to the girls taking baths at night on the wall, wanting to see whether they would be clothed or not.<br />
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洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。“我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的一种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况他画的是神话传说而不是习俗…… <br />
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It is a common knowledge in life that taking a bath (rather than splashing water) needs to take off clothes. In life, Dai women were more innocent. During the days in Xishuangbanna, the painter bathed many times with Dai men and women at the well and in the Lancang River. They were natural and graceful, treating nudity as a as a creation of nature, so they did not feel it was very mysterious. “I admit that I have more conservative thinking.” Yuan Yunsheng said sincerely, “Because of this, I am more respectful of them.” In the history of painting, the language of nudity was an artistic language with rich expressiveness. Represented by Venus in ancient Greece, it developed into an independent aesthetic category. Similarly, using the language of nudity to express the author's worship of women and the praise for life became necessary for this particular scene in the mural. Not to mention that he painted myths and legends rather than customs...<br />
<br />
看来,画家打错了主意? <br />
<br />
It seems that the painter got the wrong idea?<br />
<br />
在一些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和犯罪搅成一池浑水。 <br />
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In the eyes of some people, the style of nude was a “evil custom of barbarians” in the west! The richer the material life of the west was, the poorer the spiritual civilization was to the extent that the body was not covered by clothes. On the contrary, the great revolution of spiritual culture and the great retrogression of material production occurred at the same period in our country. In the past ten years, people’s vision had been highly purified. Chinese women did not even want to wear skirts, cheongsams, or tight-fitting shirts, and wrapped themselves up tightly so as not to show their changeable lines. By doing so, they would not stain the eyes of others and desecrate their bodies. However, treating aesthetics as the result of getting rid of evil concepts did not improve the morality of the society, but brought spiritual impoverishment and degradation. As a result, just like the pure springs turned into muddy currents, art and crime were mixed into a pool of muddy water.<br />
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盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。 <br />
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In the height of summer, when the scene of “bathing at night" stood out, although the images of these young girls were decorative, symbolic and simple, it still caused a stir.<br />
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这并不显眼的一角却引来一批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
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This inconspicuous corner attracted numerous viewers, including curious people, anxious people, passers-by and spectators. People were talking about it in different tones, surprised, harsh or vulgar...<br />
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这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不韪了。如要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的一场争论。 <br />
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It was the first time in years that a nude appeared on modern Chinese murals. The author did a wrong thing that was considered as a big one at the time. If he wanted to solve dispute, it was easy, lifting the brush, smearing a few strokes, and dressing the figures in blouses and skirts, which cost nothing. Then he and his whole family would be blessed and away from misfortune. But he was reluctant to do that. He thought of a controversy in history over the issue of nude art.<br />
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六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的一班轻薄少年、无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军阀败北。 <br />
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Sixty years ago, a group of courageous painters in Shanghai were reviled for using nudity in their teachings and creations. At that time, the newspapers published many critical articles, saying that the painter “offended public decency”, “wanted to make the women of the world into a shameless position" and “broke down the boundaries between Chinese men and women”... And at that time, a group of libertines and loafers in Shanghai took nude photos for sale, which provided handles to trolls. Until the warlord Sun Chuanfang was angered, the painter was wanted by telegram. The painter concentrated all his efforts on rising to the challenge without fear, and wrote articles saying that “Scoundrels made nude photos and obscene picture of prostitutes to attract others for profit, I am very sad... Why Private Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts is blamed? Why I am blamed?” "I advocated that ambition of art shouldn’t be takev away... Although I have to defy all difficulties and dangers, I will never refuse.” The struggle ended in victory for the painter and defeat for the warlord.<br />
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历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的一桩旧案犹未了结。 <br />
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History had gone by more than half a century. Times were different, but an old case in the art world was not settled yet.<br />
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“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思想解放!” <br />
<br />
"What we encountered is no longer a body issue.” Yuan Yunsheng said to his companions, “It is related to the ideological liberation of the art world!"<br />
<br />
他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。 <br />
<br />
They insisted on making no changes. This detail in the murals was used as a stone of exploring and was thrown on the path of artistic spring presented in front of them after the smashing of the "Gang of Four".<br />
<br />
舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事…… <br />
<br />
After all, the pressure of public opinion was too great. In order to provide a peaceful environment for the painter to paint, the airport and the construction company were kind to cover up the doors and windows of the lobby while the painting work was still incomplete. Thus, the modernized doors were covered with thick kraft papers produced in the traditional way in China, and the murals painted in imported acrylic paints were hidden in a dull yellow glow of classical colors. The painter was at peace for the moment and went on with their unfinished work...<br />
<br />
不是结尾 <br />
<br />
Not the End<br />
<br />
10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动…… <br />
<br />
One day in late October, the autumn wind swirled yellow sand, sweeping above the streets of Beijing. Yuan Yunsheng walked down the street quickly, facing the wind, and his long and thick black hair fluttering in the wind...<br />
<br />
首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。 <br />
<br />
The painting work of murals at the Capital Airport had been completed. The artists and art workers, led by Zhang Ding, achieved great success. The papers and TV stations published and broadcasted murals with distinctive characteristics and modern style: ''Nezha Conquers the Dragon King'', ''Song of the Forest'', ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan'', ''The Spring of Science'' and ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life''... It was like a hot whirlwind in the art world and society, provoking intense reactions. Before the Fourth Congress of Chinese Writers and Artists, a group of celebrities from the circles of literature and art, theory, architecture, foreign trade and press and publication came to the Capital Airport to attend the unveiling ceremony and congratulate the artists.<br />
<br />
国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人一进入中国就有一个强烈的印象,这种艺术是一个国家国力的象征。” <br />
<br />
They acquired great recognition from foreigners. Foreign friends stood in the lobby of the terminal building, looking around the four walls with appreciative eyes and saying, "Beijing Airport will be famous all over the world for its murals.” ”It gives people a strong impression upon entering China that this art is a symbol of a country's national power."<br />
<br />
日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……” <br />
<br />
Hirayama Ikuo, a famous Japanese painter, also came to visit. He said that Chinese culture had two peaks in history: the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, and he believed that the third peak was coming. He said to Yuan Yunsheng with a smile, "After seeing your murals, I think Xishuangbanna is very beautiful. I really want to change the plan of this trip and go there..."<br />
<br />
这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰一样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔…… <br />
<br />
These days, Yunsheng was very busy. Meeting with foreign guests, accepting interviews and giving speeches on stage filled up his daily schedule. The lonely days were gone, followed by honors, applauses, and toasts, like stepping from the rugged mountain road to the peak full of flowers... He walked on the street, the wind and sand rushing toward him, and his lapel swaying in the wind. At this moment, contrary to the joy brought by the brilliant success, his face was strangely sad and sorrowful, frozen like ice, cold as a rock. It seemed to have infinite remorse in his indifference...<br />
<br />
呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化? <br />
<br />
Oh, what were you doing for? Were you still not satisfied? Or were you still worried about the change of political wind?<br />
<br />
不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着一个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作是坚定正确的表现。 <br />
<br />
No. He was not worried about that. He was confident. For more than twenty years, he had been tenacious exploring towards a set goal with the sincerity of art. He had never been discouraged in the face of any setbacks. He loved the art of the country, and was classified as a "rightist" because he disagreed with Soviet painting theory. But now people who took the same position were seen as having a solid and right performance.<br />
<br />
他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。 <br />
<br />
He loved the watery towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and took a hit for painting the beautiful scenes of the rural market. But now markets all over the country were more prosperous than they were then. Oh life, many things would be changed after thirty years! He no longer believed in temporary and hasty conclusions. His personality and the personality of his art had been strengthened by adversity, becoming independent of the conclusions.<br />
<br />
那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧? <br />
<br />
So, why were you sad? Why were you depressed?<br />
<br />
只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无望,只等待手术的判决…… <br />
<br />
Just because his wife, bosom friend, backer of his career and partner in distress, was lying sickly in the hospital. It was not until a few days earlier that he learned of the illness that Lanying had hidden from him. After four months of suffering from the disease, Lanying's health collapsed! When she left Changchun, her sick body wasted away, with weak spirit and pale and yellow face. Her female companions, who saw her off, could not see any color on her face, took it as their last farewell, breaking down in tears. At this moment, she lay quietly in a hospital in Beijing, and she seemed tired. Once the burden was lifted from her shoulders, she didn’t have words, complaints and hope, only waiting for the verdict of surgery...<br />
<br />
一个人站立起来了,另一个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南去的列车上一见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下一笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。 <br />
<br />
One people stood up, another fell down, and she fell down for him. Since they met on the southbound train, she made too many voluntary sacrifices. If the wife really could never stand up again, then what was the meaning of her husband's success today for her? She was a doctor, a good wife and mother, and a person dedicated to art. Her contributions could never be rewarded, and she could not leave a mark on any art classic, but only painful memories engraved in her husband's heart.<br />
<br />
画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼眶里滚动。 <br />
<br />
The painter ran down the street to the hospital, a storm stirring up in his heart. His eyes were wet, white tears rolling in his eyes.<br />
<br />
他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:一种是诚实的艺术家;另一种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。 <br />
<br />
He thought of the two kinds of people who were closest to art in the wide world. One was the honest artist; the other was the person who did not know art but was pure and simple, such as his lovely wife.<br />
<br />
他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少一些吗?<br />
<br />
They didn’t have other intention, just for art. To recognize their hard work was the minimum to tolerate the existence of art. But they suffered too much beyond art. Couldn’t they suffer less?<br />
<br />
他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。 <br />
<br />
He walked on the street in Beijing, his tearful eyes shining with anticipation.<br />
<br />
后记: <br />
<br />
Postscript:<br />
<br />
本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又过了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世事变迁未可尽述。 <br />
<br />
After this article was published, the heroine recovered after treatment. A few years later, the hero went to the U.S. alone. And many things had changed and it was impossible to mention them all.<br />
<br />
——作者 <br />
<br />
--Author<br />
<br />
（原载《十月》1980年6月） <br />
<br />
(Originally published in ''October'', June 1980)<br />
<br />
==卷一：10.热血男儿==<br />
<br />
热血男儿<br />
<br />
李士非<br />
<br />
满腔的热血已经沸腾。<br />
<br />
《国际歌》<br />
<br />
ー、能见到袁庚吗?<br />
<br />
在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天,蛇口エ业区和它的领导人袁庚,名扬国内外,越 来越引人注目。<br />
<br />
但是,我接受写袁庚的任务,未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他,手头也没有 积累多少关于他的资料,而且听说采访他很困难:他是香港招商局常务副董事长 （人们因此亲切地称他为袁董）,大部分时间在香港,每到蛇口,都忙得不可开交, 实在抽不出时间接受采访。但是,过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观,听过介绍,看 过录像,袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣,接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口 来,这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。“能见到袁庚吗?”“即使见不到袁庚也要写!”所谓 “冒险”,无非是写不出或写不好,个人面子不好看罢了,比起袁庚和他的朋友们从 事改革所冒的风险,简直是微不足道的。<br />
<br />
仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气,到这里待ー些日子也是值得的。<br />
<br />
“如果你只能待很短的时间,我劝你趁早打退堂鼓,不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆 辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意,开弓没有回头箭,退堂鼓是 不好打的。<br />
<br />
二、夜访梁宪<br />
<br />
在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口,袁庚出国去了,说是7月底或8月初 才能回来。最了解他的ー个人,东江纵队时期就和他ー起工作,现任蛇口工业区顾 <br />
问的许智明,到澳大利亚探亲去了,归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同, “时间就是金钱,效率就是生命”,白天工作紧张,找人谈话很难,晚上访问也要事 先约定,因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰 上袁庚的儿子袁中印,《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意,他马 上说:“有什么好写的?这么多人写过了,要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受 了乃父的影响,不大欢迎采访。“慢慢来吧,我一定要找你的。”我心里说。<br />
<br />
多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙,约定了 一天晚上9点钟去访问エ业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人,穿过海 滨花园,沐着海风,经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边,漫步走向梁宪的住 处。早已听说,他!962年毕业于中山大学外语系,是梁宗岱教授的高足,对法国文 学很有研究。果然,ー见之下,我就感到他是ー个充满艺术气质的人。<br />
<br />
他掏出港币,买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客,然后和我们谈笑风生。<br />
<br />
“你们是文人,我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人,她在中央戏剧学 院教书。我对她说:你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的,但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。 中国像你们这样的文人太多,像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一 句英语,“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙,黄虹坚ー时也 没反应过来,陈宜浩翻译说:“他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑 起来。<br />
<br />
梁宪大学毕业的时候,老百姓正在饿肚子,大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法 国文学的尖子,后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作,比袁庚晚半 年多一点。袁庚很器重他,有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。<br />
<br />
“我去香港的时候,老婆说:最怕你没骨气,没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是 有的,外派干部只要有一点热血,就不是追求几大件,而是感到抬不起头来!<br />
<br />
“刚到香港,每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐,ー串串的,海上漂着偷渡者的尸 体,我们不能忍受,啪一声把电视关了。<br />
<br />
“我们国内建设搞不好,连ー些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们, 心里真难受呀。所以,我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过:’我之所以这么干,是 为了实现我入党时的初衷。’”<br />
<br />
一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿,梁宪又概括地说:<br />
<br />
“我熟悉的人当中,有两个热血男儿,ー个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛,ー个就是 袁庚!”<br />
<br />
好一个“热血男儿” !这个词太恰当了,把这两个人相提并论太好了,我不禁<br />
<br />
怦然心动,觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。<br />
<br />
也真巧,比我年长20岁的刘任涛,是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第 一流的眼科专家,共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长,曾为刘伯承元帅安过义 眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》,改行当了电影编剧,“文化大革命”中在珠 影被诬为“历史反革命”,打断五根肋骨,投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动 期间,他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明,不顾自己的政治处境,不顾没 有任何医疗条件,决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他:“万一失败,你就 是阶级报复,就会重进监狱。”他不听,他终于成功了。“作为医生,我拯救了我的 灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀,立下遗嘱:死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢 复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
<br />
刘任涛和袁庚,经历和事业完全不同,但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身 精神,是多么相似呵!我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚,觉得对袁庚也开始熟 悉了。<br />
<br />
三、“冒险家”<br />
<br />
刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障,要冒风险。袁 庚在蛇口进行改革,要冒更大的风险:两年之前,不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影 地攻击经济特区嘛!<br />
<br />
但是,时代毕竟不同了,今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月 9日,胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区,袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆,和总书记有一 段精彩的对话。<br />
<br />
袁庚:关于改革问题,现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看,凡是搞改革 的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法,最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变 法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪,改良主义,结果六君子被 杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革,我想不会落得前人这样 的下场,我们是在党的领导下进行的,不会有问题吧,我们值得冒这个险!<br />
<br />
胡耀邦:过去的改革是下层少数人去改,领导者、统治者是压制的。现在 不同,我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改,现在和过去根本不同嘛!<br />
<br />
袁庚:我们感到,我们的干部是不大怕群众的,只怕顶头上司,怕上司不喜 欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说,我每次来蛇口,ー上码头,前呼后 拥的,下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒,就会忘乎所以,久而久之, 就不怕群众,不怕下级,因为群众、下级撤不了我的职,我只怕交通部,怕顶头 上司,只有他们才能撤我的职。<br />
<br />
所以,群众监督干部,群众有权选举和罢免干部,这至关重要。我们这里 想搞个改革试点,管委会由群众选举产生,每年投一次信任票,如果不信任票 超过半数,管委会就得改选,个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公 开的、直接的,由群众投票选举的领导班子,就会想群众之所想,急群众之所 急,就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手,就有人自动送礼 上门,如果头脑不清醒,不能自律,就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装 懂,诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部,我相信可以改变一下干部的结 构和干部的作风。我们想做这样ー个不太小的改革,准备冒一点风险。<br />
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胡耀邦:（点头）好!很好!<br />
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袁庚:总书记说了好,我们就记录在案,马上打报告这样做。<br />
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胡耀邦:（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿,在哪 ー出戏里我忘记了,讽刺官僚主义者,他不敢骂台上的官,只敢骂戏台上堂前 的鼓。有一段唱词说:“一棵大树腹中空,两头都是皮儿绷,每天上堂敲三下, R卜咚ゆ咚又ゆ咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛!（全场大笑）<br />
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党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印,想到ー块去了,这在蛇口的发 展史上,是应当大书特书的。<br />
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1983年4月24日,选举产生了蛇口エ业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22 日,按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票?组干处处长虞 德海说:“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的,信任票不足半数就 得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决,一定要搞信任投票。” 投票结果,管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数,袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上,全 部投票公开,任人查阅,尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐,如“某某能力低”“某某 不堪信任”之类,也不加掩饰。<br />
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这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。<br />
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四、“那里不肯放,就辞职!”<br />
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选举产生领导班子,定期举行信任投票,这是袁庚深思熟虑的ー项决定。他深<br />
深感到,不改革干部制度,不改变干部结构,任何改革都无从谈起,“四化”也只是 一句空话。<br />
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有的领导干部,居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人:“你们大学建多大的桥?” 问来访的美国客人:“英国人讲英语,你们美国人讲什么语?”还有人向中央领导同 志汇报他到香港考察的收获:“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯!”如此等等,令人 啼笑皆非。这样的干部,怎能担当建设“四化”的重任!<br />
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蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地）,指挥部只有 二十多个干部的时候,袁庚就开始考虑如何培育ー支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命 化的干部队伍。1981年,他排除阻カ,毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班,从全国 各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说,“我是个冒险家,为了蛇口的改革,我从 全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。<br />
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当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员,委托交通部下属的交通科 学院情报所代为主持,在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、 江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。<br />
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王潮梁!938年出生于江苏无锡,1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计 专业。早在1958年,他就参考外国的资料,在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫 原理,并和同学们一道造出了样品,在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对 飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是,在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年 代,几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机エ厂飞机设 计室任产品主管设计员,那时生产要听驻厂军代表的,而军代表只相信苏联专家和 苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料,翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂, 即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂,也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚 子气,却毫无办法。岁月如流,王潮梁搞了 17年飞机设计,却看到我们的飞机エ业 比印度还落后;又研制了四年的飞翔船,却看不到一艘飞翔船下水,那种壮志难酬 的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会,唯一的名额给了业务上 根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培 训班招生的广告时,他兴奋极了,“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方,去!”立刻把广告 剪下来,郑重地贴在本子上。<br />
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他第一个走进考场,第一个走出考场。笔试、面试,成绩优良。主持考试的情 报所林鸿慈同志下了结论:这是个人才,录取！<br />
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但是,在中国有一个很大的矛盾:生产资料是全民所有制,干部却是单位私有 制。ー个单位可以把ー个或ー批人才冷藏ー辈子<br />
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长江航运科研所不肯放人。<br />
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198I年11月,袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他,向他汇 报了招生的情况,特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。<br />
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袁庚很激动。<br />
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“小王是不是党员?”<br />
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“不是。”<br />
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“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量,开个头,那里不肯放,就辞职!我这 里收。最多就是人家去告状,最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先 例。告到国务院,我们就把这个同志的情况报上去,中央领导会支持我们。新华社 社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开’干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人 在单位不充分发挥作用,又不让调,这个局面不打开是不成的!”<br />
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林鸿慈被袁庚打动了,写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁,同时通过各种渠道 去做说服、疏通工作。终于,用不着王潮梁辞职,单位同意放人了。1982年,王潮 梁来到蛇口工业区。<br />
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五、企业管理研究生<br />
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1982年12月的一天晚上,ー个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
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这是一次事先约定的会见。<br />
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年轻人叫余昌民,刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清 华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生,工作了八九年,深感中国企业管理的弊病 太多,1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年, 专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息,《读卖新闻》为 此发了专稿,登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了,干什么好呢?学校建议他到国家 经委属下的中国企业研究协会去,这当然是个专业对口的美差,但是在武汉工作的 爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候,蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。他每星期上街 去买《深圳特区报》,得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝,如饥似渴地加以研 究。不难判断,蛇口エ业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去!决心下定了,系 里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会,经朋友介绍,他就来登门拜访了。<br />
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会面的一瞬间,两个人互相观察了一下。<br />
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“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗?穿件中式棉袄,和一般的老干部没啥差别,不 是想象中的那个改革家的模样,而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真 的值得?”<br />
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真正的一闪念,没容余昌民多想,袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
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谈话开门见山。<br />
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“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里?”<br />
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“在于体制。”<br />
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“对了!”袁庚兴奋起来,侃侃而谈,“上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦,说 他们要一千人,劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用,那七百是搭配的闲人,你再要, 就再搭配,再多余,反正是大锅饭,大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了,还说这是社会主义 的优越性!这样,工厂冗员越来越多,工厂成了小社会,在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的, 形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ,败坏着我们的民族素质!这样的体制不改革,我们 就没有出路!”<br />
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“我的ー篇论文,提出了企业的素质问题。”<br />
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“有何高见?”<br />
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“素质,好比基本作用,像女排,形成了她们的基本作风,就有战斗カ。”<br />
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“就把ー个企业比作球队吧,假如你是教练,别人随便塞人给你,你怎么办?”<br />
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“我不要。”<br />
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“不要不行!”<br />
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“那我不干。”<br />
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“对了,就得这样。”<br />
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一老ー少,越谈越投机,彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处ー闪而过的那点 疑虑也完全打消了。<br />
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“我们这里可要冒点风险。”<br />
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“正因为这样オ要去,建设好了还去干什么?”<br />
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“你个人有什么要求?”<br />
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“只要求家属ー起去。”<br />
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“这个我们来办。”<br />
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两个月后,余昌民父亲去世,回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化,系里要留他。 企业管理系刚刚建立,工作需要,理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚 飞往蛇口,收不回来了。<br />
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1983年3月,袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客,系里派余昌民随行。系 领导的目的,是让校长对余昌民有个印象,说服他留下来,同时出面解决他家属的 户ロ问题。<br />
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谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口,袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有,余昌 民暗示要做刘达的工作。<br />
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余昌民再一次请求:“校长,让我来蛇口吧。”<br />
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“系里要我帮忙留你,我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。<br />
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袁庚一再要求支持:“刘达同志,把小余给我们吧,我们迫切需要企业管理的专 门人才。”<br />
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刘达心动了。这位参加过“ー二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
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回去后,余昌民给系里写了报告,对系里的教育培养表示感谢,说明清华企业 管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设,这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都 至关重要。<br />
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问题迎刃而解。7月,夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。<br />
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当余昌民到エ业区大楼报到的时候,在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉 着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口,边走边说:“你是研究企业管理的,你先熟悉ー 下情况,有把握了再谈工作……”<br />
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袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信,其中有一段话:<br />
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关于小余的事,同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失ー小余,无妨 大局,蛇口得之,如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下,エ业区将受其惠。<br />
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重感情的刘达,把这封信送给了余昌民,让他留作永久的纪念。<br />
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六、星期天的早晨<br />
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星期天早晨8点钟,顾立基刚起床,洗了脸,正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同 学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的,大家都熬了夜,现在让他们多睡一会儿 吧。顾立基轻手轻脚,唯恐弄出一点声音来。<br />
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“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗?”<br />
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门外传来ー个声音。顾立基一看,走廊上站着ー个六十多岁的老人和一个 姑娘。<br />
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“我就是顾立基,您是?”<br />
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“我是袁庚,蛇口的袁庚〇”老人首先伸出手来,“这是我女儿尼亚,她不放心我 的身体,一定要陪我来,其实我的身体还可以。你看,骑了半小时车子,轻松愉快。”<br />
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顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 他深受感动。<br />
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“我们到楼下谈吧,同学们还在睡觉。”<br />
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楼下有一张靠背长椅,三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨,不冷不热,阳光和煦, 轻风拂面,校园一片宁静的气氛。<br />
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“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会?”<br />
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“是的,现在会员有一千多人了,成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。”<br />
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“还听说你想当厂长?”<br />
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“您的信息很灵通啊,”顾立基笑了, “我是说过想当厂长,为此还惹过ー些麻 烦呢。”<br />
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“什么麻烦?”<br />
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“有人说我是野心家。”<br />
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“岂有此理!想当个厂长是什么野心!’不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’,这 是拿破仑说的还是谁说的? 一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对!”<br />
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“我是学电脑的,但是我感到中国更需要管理人才,所以主动旁听了企业管理 系研究生的全部课程。”<br />
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“到蛇口去吧,我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班,要培养大量的管理人才。”<br />
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“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像,我的心就动了,只是还没下定决心。”<br />
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“现在呢?”<br />
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“现在下定决心了,去蛇口。”<br />
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“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗?”<br />
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有什么困难? 1982年的初夏,社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的,有人在 报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界,影射特区有变成租界的危险,造成一股无形的压 力,因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些,可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的 人在ー起,冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去,下属工厂任他挑选,这 些,对他有一定的吸引力。他自从!967年中学毕业,1968年进上海印染机械修配 厂,十年中当过锅炉エ、车エ、錠エ、钳エ、电エ,当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不 惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为,1974年顾立基和他们争吵过ー 次,挨了批斗,却受到工人们的同情,和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要 毕业了 ,朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查,他是材料组的负责 人,如果不来上大学,早就走上领导岗位了,现在回去,工作安排是不成问题的。但 是,陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大,他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的 是,母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房,姐妹们都在外地,母亲 希望他留在身边,爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
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“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。<br />
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袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口,使他动了感情,他滔 滔不绝地发起议论来。<br />
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“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办ー个工业区 呢?为了在那块地方搞改革,搞全面的改革,从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度,都 要改,不改就没有出路。过去三十年,极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。 1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候,海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体,都是青年,他们为什 么要跑?因为我们穷!<br />
<br />
“’四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’,越搞跑的人越多。ー些村子的青壮年几乎跑 光了,真叫人欲哭无泪!蛇口对面就是香港的元朗,相隔只有6000米,晴天能看到 它的高楼,它就是在我们’十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了, 必须把经济搞上去,这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公 里,对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛,我们改革成功了,对全国就有很大 的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛,无伤大局。当然,我们一定要尽最大的 努力,争取成功,避免失败。我们这ー代人是老了,当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时 候,时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……”<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动,身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚,望 着自己的父亲,眼睛也有点热了……<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来,当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书,1984年4月被聘为 办公室主任。<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚,因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口,听说顾立基6日 ー早要去香港,5日晚我去登门拜访。<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告,我为 了听这个报告,推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的,谁都可以听,欢迎你去。”ー见面 顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗?”<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难,他在蛇口不会待太久,一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告, 你最好陪他回宿舍ーー他儿子的住处,或者宾馆,这样边走边谈,可以谈十来分 钟……”<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗?<br />
<br />
不管怎样,先听听他的报告再说吧。<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半,袁庚的报告准时开始。<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影,大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。 今天这个会也叫新闻发布会,街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂,基本上坐满 了,放眼望过去,都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。<br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上, 顾立基主持大会。<br />
<br />
ー开始,袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕,只讲个把钟头。”<br />
<br />
人们笑了,其实怕的是他讲得太短。<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问,历时23天,访问了 4个国家、16个公司、18个城市,从新加坡 开始,往西到英国,再到美国、日本,整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处,受到隆重的、 破格的接待,我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们 四个人,而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化,在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到 做蛇口人的光荣。”<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张,出国访问要花自己的钱,花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、 软弱的地位。这次出访,他们带了 20万美金的信用卡,足够用了,所到之处都坚持 这个原则,唯独在新加坡失灵了。那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系,但新加 坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检,从飞机场ー直送到最高级的香格里拉大 酒店,袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前,这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫 人;在他之后,住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨）,每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观 什么项目,全部满足要求。临走结账时,酒店经理说:“在你们到来之前,已经有人 付了全部费用。”<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁,英国老板们在海员罢エ浪潮的 冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们,给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深 刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说:“我们原打算3年之内种植 20万株月季,把蛇口建成玫瑰之城,现在看来太落后了……”<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国,主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡,大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔,华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民,交给他一把金钥匙。女 市长在宴会上说:“我是百分之百的中国人,也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说:“我 很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判,就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过, “在经济问题上,兄弟无情,六亲不认!何况是与外国人谈判「’<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前,有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过 的曲折。<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日,袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件,大家听了很高兴,但我们不要高兴得过早。不 要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了,但官僚主义、 红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事,还是有的。例如我们正在谈判 的浮法玻璃厂,到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃,为什么不准我们用 最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ?最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局 交涉。她们去的时候,人家一口答应,讲你们回去好了,但等我们企业室派人带合 同去盖章的时候,又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干,他们讲:‘你们派了记 者、作家来,我敢不答应吗?弄得不好,你们要写报告文学,写内参,我受得了 吗,？……”<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨,交涉了九个月,オ过了国内这ー关。<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判,当然不可能用这么长的时间,但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想 而知的。<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂,简直是一座玻璃城!它生产各式各样 的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃,用25磅大锤从20米外打去,地皮都震动了,玻璃却安 然无恙。我们和美国合资,投资ー亿美元,引进一座同样的エ厂,买他的专利,以后 我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点,集中在每年所付专利费 占销售总额的百分比上。<br />
<br />
美方要6%,我们还价4% 〇<br />
<br />
美方降到5%,我们加到4.5%。<br />
<br />
寸利必争,形成僵局。<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。<br />
<br />
“先生们,我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针,2000年前发明了火药,全人类 <br />
都在享受这些伟大的成果,可是他们从来没有要过什么专利,我们作为后代从来没 有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋,而是觉得光荣。请问各位,那时候你们的祖先在哪 里?恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前,是不是毛特别多……”<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前,一个个咧嘴笑了。<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕,我的意思不是不付专利费,而是要求公平合理r’<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格,坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们,说不 定会抗议呢!“你骂我们的祖先,是可忍,孰不可忍ド’<br />
<br />
终于达成协议:4.75%,为期!0年。<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进ー个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂,专利 费是5% ,时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处,绝不能走 美国的路!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退,エ业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走,他们还 有点生气,现在停滞不前了。<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方,转移到太平洋 沿岸。<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了,现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈,今天 下午四点半ー踏上蛇口码头,就感到无比的清新,感到ー草一木都非常亲切。<br />
<br />
“10月1日,蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话,那是大家的 功劳！<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的,思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上,我们ー定要 赶上和超过他们!”<br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时,宣布散会了,大家意犹未尽。<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了,我放弃了跟上去的打算。<br />
<br />
ハ、“搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
8月7日,袁庚开了一整天会,据说8日也不会有空,而9日ー早又要回香港 了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上,我给他写了一封信,说明这一次 如果不能和他交谈,我将等待,直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨,我把这封信 交给了エ业区党委副书记乔胜利,请他转交。<br />
<br />
8日上午,我到办公大楼访问王潮梁,两人刚坐下来,办公室副主任黄振超匆<br />
<br />
匆忙忙地叫我:“袁董回来了,快去见他!”<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉,说明另改时间,急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的,中间隔着大块的透明玻璃,老远就看 见了袁庚,他手里正拿着一大摞文件。<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候,黄振超在旁边向他说明:“只是见见面,不会占你很多 时间。”<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说:<br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的?来搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了,而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。我 知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。梁宪说过,前几年在北京开会,有一天袁庚 看了张洁的小说《爱,是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章,问他:“你认识这个作家 吗?咱们把她请到蛇口去!”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所 了解的,“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。<br />
<br />
我也笑着说:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋,要写你和蛇口。”<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下,舒服地往藤椅上一靠,摆出了准备 谈ー阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好,这里问题多得 很,改革每前进ー步都要经过斗争,到处充满着矛盾。”<br />
<br />
我说:“正是这一点吸引了我。”<br />
<br />
“ー个国家没有民主是不行的,而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。 我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国,政治家演说,群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿 扔他,他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的,但这ー套对巩固资产阶级的统 治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底,孙中山是 想搞民主的,他死得太早,没搞成。中华民族是伟大的,但是历史的包袱太重了。”<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿,她在美国学企业管理,谈起来也说:在 美国深有感慨,感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重〇<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族,就没有什么框框,我在报告会上也说了,他们的总督牌香烟广 告有一句口号是’想做就去做’,这句话香港也接受不了,译成’应做就去做’〇当 然,想干什么就干什么是不行的,但我们许多应干的事却干不成。”<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历,他扼要地做了回答,着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命” 中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时,这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来,<br />
<br />
微笑着站在那里不动,我知道是催他去开会,我们的谈话该结束了。<br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志,我们马上又赶到 太子宾馆,和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢,对监狱内外情形 都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说:<br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨,出来就蔦儿了,可是他不,他的劲头反而更大了。”<br />
<br />
我心里说:这オ是袁庚!<br />
<br />
过了几天,乔胜利对陈宜浩说:“袁董看了我的信,答应下次回来再和我谈。” 可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。<br />
<br />
8月25日上午,我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息,急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联 系。但是太迟了,他过了中午又要回香港,而上午的时间已经排满,就在和我通话 的时候,他不得不放下电话去开门。他说:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧,不要紧的,我们没有秘密。”<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访,ー时想不齐全,只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字, 他ーー做了回答:“这些也要发表吗?”我说:“不一定发表。”他说:“发表也没关系, 那天我讲话外国人也听了。”<br />
<br />
我说:“将来排出校样,送给你看看好吗?免得事实有出入。”<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查,出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的,难免出点差 错。捅点娄子也不要紧。”<br />
<br />
“好了,谢谢您。”<br />
<br />
“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。<br />
<br />
一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观,来到铝材厂门口时,他向学 员们介绍:这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人,23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起 来,大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停エ,ー个工人从高处摔下来受了伤,他的哥哥跑 过去看了看,见弟弟没有生命危险,便又回去干活了。<br />
<br />
袁庚说:“日本不富没有天理!中国改革不富也没有天理!”<br />
<br />
现在我想说:蛇口的改革不成功没有天理!<br />
<br />
九、大鹏魂<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚,魁梧、潇洒,兼有外交家和实业家的风度,具有一种吸引人的魅 カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢?<br />
拨开历史的迷雾,我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园,算 是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。<br />
<br />
1935年,他毕业于广州广雅中学,随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测 量员,他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校,陈济棠下台后,这家军校成了国民党中央军 校的分校。在学校里,袁庚是活跃的足球门将,练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕 业,他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官,ー个个腐化不堪,对民族危亡无动于衷,便愤 然回到故乡大鹏镇,担任第一小学校长,同时兼任地方自卫队教官。<br />
<br />
学校是国民党办的,自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的,但是学校和自卫队中都有 中共地下党员。<br />
<br />
戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚,在当地是ー个重要人物,三种政治力量对他都很 重视。<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文,和他住到ー起,亲自考察他。<br />
<br />
革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
<br />
1939年3月27日,袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党,从这ー 天起,他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。<br />
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当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党 的漫画,刺痛了国民党区党部,他的处境变得危险了,党组织于!939年冬天把他转 移到党领导的抗日游击队,从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子, 像大鹏ー样展翅高飞了。<br />
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抗日战争期间,美军作为盟军,在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组,担任东纵联 络处处长的袁庚,和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示,东纵和美 军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报,对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。<br />
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日寇投降时,英军远在缅甸,ー个海军少将只率领ー营人乘航空母舰赶到香 港。他的兵力不足以维持治安,要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央,中 央复电:为了对付国民党的内战阴谋,坚决撤离港九地区;同时要求在香港设立联 络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判,袁庚不辱使命,漂亮地完成了任务,并成为驻 香港办事处的第一任主任,这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能 想到,历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折,二十多年后,这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。<br />
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十、秦城监狱<br />
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1968年4月6日,袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家,到机关去上班。北京的4月 初,春寒料峭,风沙迷眼,加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报,形成一片肃杀气氛,使袁 庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作,刚告一段落,还来不及喘口气, 就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息,他于愤 懑中保持着镇定。<br />
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回到办公室不久,有人通知:“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门,看到 除部长之外,还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长,面孔板得像 ー座木雕。<br />
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“袁庚,你被捕了!”<br />
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下午,机关召开大会,部长在会上宣布:“袁庚是美国特务,已经依法逮捕。”袁 庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和 刘丹ー,互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周 总理安全的情景,记忆犹新,那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间,周旋于华侨社会 之中,眼睛熬红了,人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场,天理何在?!<br />
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与此同时,汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中,勒令交出所有的钥匙,开始抄家。 翻箱倒柜,从下午抄到天黑,然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时,オ发现三个 孩子被关在门外不准进家,左邻右舍也不敢收留,孩子们在抹眼泪……<br />
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从此以后,袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里,也不知是死是 活,到哪里打听都说不知道。!969年,汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校,孩 子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”,但作为“反革命家属”， 她只能干最脏最累的活,如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎,痛得胳膊抬 不起来,医生建议回北京治疗,干校就是不准。直到!972年初夏,她的大孩子中印 就要下乡插队了,她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服,打点行装,オ被批准。<br />
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1972年7月,袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后,有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去 探监。“他还活着,他还活着!”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。<br />
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汪宗谦心酸地发现,袁庚行走困难,说话声音也变了,而且他不知道当时是何 年何月！<br />
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原来监狱里日夜亮着灯,犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替,失去了时间的概念;<br />
睡觉时只准脸朝外,一条腿总是压在下边,时间长了造成萎缩;长期不讲话,声带都 沙哑了。<br />
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我曾经听说,袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西,只有放风时在天井里看到 墙根的小草。问他是不是这样,他说:<br />
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“不,还有蚂蚁,我对蚂蚁很有研究。”<br />
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这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量!<br />
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汪宗谦见过了袁庚,就为救他而奔走了。<br />
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“没见他不知道他死活,既然知道他还活着,我就怕他死了!问题还没搞清,死 了孩子们都得背黑锅呀!他住在楼上,要到楼下的天井放风,上下都很辛苦,我到 中央接待站去上访,请求把他搬到楼下来,这个要求被接受了。”<br />
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袁庚搬到楼下的ー间房,发现席子底下有一团花白的头发,他判断这里关过ー 个五十多岁的女同志。后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事,王光美 说:“没错,正是我住过的那间房。”<br />
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袁庚出狱,已是1973年9月30日,整整关了 5年半。<br />
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在狱中,睡觉时只要一转身,看守就在外边敲门。夜晚,敲门声常常把人惊醒。 袁庚回到家里,刚一入睡就惊醒了,这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年,这种心悸 病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能,却用了更长的时间。每天,汪宗谦搀 着袁庚,ー步,ー步,慢慢地走,越走越远,越走越快,走了一年之久,两条腿オ恢复 了平衡。<br />
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更可悲的是,有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子,出来不会走直路了,一走就 转圈,连马路也不能过。人啊,人！人的尊严到哪里去了！<br />
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经过一年多的休养治疗,1975年,袁庚被分配到交通部,当了外事局副局长。<br />
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ー恢复工作,袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体ー样活跃起来。<br />
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恢复工作之前,袁庚骑自行车上街,总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道,“不能开 慢点吗” !恢复工作之后,自己也坐上了小汽车,有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了, “不能靠边骑吗” !他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化,在心里警告自己道: “可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀!”<br />
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多年来,这成了他的一个信条。<br />
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十ー、香港第一课<br />
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1978年,做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚,以花甲之年改行搞经济,被派<br />
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到香港招商局担任副董事长。<br />
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招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日,招商局 香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱,从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。 历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长,所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。 从李鸿章算起,袁庚是第29任了。<br />
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香港招商局在极'左‘思想影响之下,经营单一,困守一隅,搞了几十年没有什 么发展。袁庚到任,根据中央定下的“以航运为中心,立足港澳,背靠内地,面向海 外,多种经营,工商结合,买卖结合”的方针,以铁腕大力整顿。<br />
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袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说:<br />
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“我到香港的第一课,就是买了一座大楼,非常便宜,只花了 6180万（港币）。 第一次交订金时,支票2000万。那天是星期五,当时讲好下午2点钟,在ー个律师 楼里,大家一手交钱,一手交货。我们开了 2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的 对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里,发动机都没有停。ー上去之后,大 家一手交货,一手交钱,签字。签完字,对方拿着支票,两个人夹住,下去了。剩下 ー个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度,马上存到银行里去了。 因为明天是礼拜六了,人家银行关门,礼拜天也关门,假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前 不到银行去交那个支票的话,他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支 票交给他。我们的财务去了,他回来向我们报告,他说当时那个场面是很动人的。 当然,我们闭着眼睛也能想到,资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重 视,当时浮动利息是!4厘,三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志,那就 无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去,回家。他没有这个观念!这就是香港第一课。 我也不怕自惭形秽,ー窍不通,我接触经济工作,仅仅是5年多前开始的。但ー开 始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多!招商局的子公司多的是,ー检查,发现支 票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了 ,换了一个华东 财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后,我就给他讲这个道理,ー个礼拜之内他就能够接 受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事,立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后,财源 滚滚而来。……这个’时间就是金钱’,不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我,其实 这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’,它说得比我还 厉害,时间重于金钱!”<br />
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招商局走上轨道,袁庚就考虑进ー步的发展了。1979年初,他和有关同志带 着在蛇口开发エ业区的蓝图,到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志 很感兴趣,当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给エ业区,袁庚还没有这个胆量,只要了<br />
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2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候,袁庚心里默默 地说:<br />
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“先念同志,签吧,您这ー笔下去,将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀!”<br />
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十二、淸新<br />
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1984年8月,蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅,迎面是ー架屏 风,正中间挂着一幅草书,苍劲流畅的书法,引人注目,细看那内容,更是气度非凡。 这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本,把它抄了下来。<br />
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登微波楼<br />
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微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
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时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
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宝安袁庚<br />
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我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
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我有同感。<br />
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蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
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六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
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晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
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啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
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十三、心血<br />
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清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
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ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
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1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
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这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
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施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
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午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
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下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
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厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
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的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
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我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
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我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
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龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
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“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
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“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
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“你有什么打算?”<br />
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“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
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“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
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“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
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在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
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十五、激动的工程师<br />
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7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
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蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
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边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
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“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
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的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
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“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
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46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
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他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
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王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
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袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
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管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
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当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
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“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
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“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
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“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
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“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
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“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
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“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
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“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
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“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
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“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
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了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
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父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
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“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
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当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
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“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
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“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
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“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
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“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
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第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
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12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
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1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
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王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
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“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
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“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
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“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
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“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
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“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
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“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
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“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
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王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
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十六、年轻的总经理<br />
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一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
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“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
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说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
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“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
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只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
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她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
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“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
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这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
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“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
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“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
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郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
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“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
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我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
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“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
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我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
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“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
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我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
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“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
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真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
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“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
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我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
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告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
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我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
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对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
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袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
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袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
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“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
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“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
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“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
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“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=155776Report CN EN 032023-06-12T08:35:10Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：5.痴情 */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情==<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with Long Hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies were always covered; whereas in the West, people loved nudity, which seemed to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个ー丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there was a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush and painting a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting was not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, had you ever thought that some of us would cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us would stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, would come like snowflakes. You might even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Were you fearless, or seized by a whim? You were out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he was painting.<br />
<br />
他站在一间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着一支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着ー张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stood in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looked disheveled, and his bosom was stained with different colors. His hair was long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there was a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exactly did you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound Train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it was today. The platforms were clean, the corridors were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the regions south of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North…<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像一块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, and cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man--that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes…"<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me…"<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows — the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"On a business trip? Or visit family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student at Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone…"<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What…"<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break…"<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man!"<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. The resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
"So I don't understand art…"<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多少欢聚与悲离的 故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉一线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小伙子,而是一个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
During the long journey, as the young people of the same generation, it was the fate to meet each other in this running train! In life, many stories of reunion and departure were drawn by the heavy line across the land! The girl was close to the small table by the window, resting her chin in the hand, listening to the young man talk, and watching his expression. It seemed that he was not a young guy, but a strong and confident man. Calculating his age, he was even a few years older than the girl. Why did he give that illusion before? Alas, the age of men was really hard to guess...<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为一个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是一个有抱负、有才华的人!”<br />
<br />
Out of the female’s sensitivity, the girl suddenly felt shy and embarrassed. The condescending arrogance that she had just showed was now reversed and replaced by her hazy admiration. The girl looked at the painter's dress again, and the non-matching colors of black and red were not so conspicuous. Although the painter's cotton jacket was still so black, the collar of the underwear was still so crooked, and the hair was still so disheveled, in the eyes of the girl, they all became the evidence that the young man was a bachelor who was immersed in art and had no time to take care of himself, which touched the girl's heart of compassion: "It seems that he is an ambitious and talented man!"<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
The painter took out his drawing board, spread the paper and said to the girl, "Please allow me to make a sketch of you."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
The girl nodded her head.<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简直像一个拙笨的新手。好半天,才抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
The painter drew very slowly, feeling ill at ease. The more he tried to draw well, the more nervous he became, and the brush was out of control. He was like a clumsy novice. After a long time, he apologized and said, "Sorry, I didn’t draw well…"<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来一看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会”了画家的灵犀。<br />
<br />
When the girl took it and looked, two red clouds rose on her cheeks. This sketch was not as good as the one of the mechanic, and those rigid lines were flaws of the work. To say it bluntly, she looked uglier in the painting than she really was. Is that what I look like? The girl had a reason to make a protest. However, she understood and forgave the painter with a sweet smile. Honestly, she didn't even want to see him too calm, too relaxed, like facing the model in the studio. The girl no longer regarded "resemblance in appearance" as so important, and she “understood tacitly” the painter's spirit.<br />
<br />
画纸的一角是签名和年月——袁运生,画于1964年2月。<br />
<br />
In one corner of the paper were the signature and date--Yuan Yunsheng, painted in February 1964.<br />
<br />
画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "Give it to you."<br />
<br />
姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
<br />
The girl said, "Thank you, I’ll keep it as a memory."<br />
<br />
“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信地址?”<br />
<br />
"You see, I was so careless that I forgot to ask your name." The painter said, "Could you write down your mailing address?"<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
<br />
The girl smiled: "My name is Zhang Lanying." And she wrote down the address on the painter's sketchbook.<br />
<br />
火车抵达浦口,他们已经像一对熟识的老朋友了。从一个艺术型的医学院学生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
<br />
When the train arrived in Pukou, they already looked like two old friends. Many common temperaments could be found between an artistic medical student and a serious artist. The passengers on the same train thought they had known each other for a long time and treated them as a couple, saying goodbye to them with the appellation of “you two”.<br />
<br />
画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空一样清澈,像江水一样深沉……<br />
<br />
The painter sent the girl to the shore of the Yangtze River, a wet wind blowing from the river. It was time to part, and both of them were reluctant to leave. Lanying looked at Yuan Yunsheng with the warm and fond gaze, and that means everything! As clear as the sky, as deep as the river…<br />
<br />
呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江交织起来的一见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
Heh! Pretty girl, you were too sentimental. Did you know him? The story of love at first sight, woven by the main Beijing-Pukou line and the winding Yangtze River, was too indiscreet.<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
<br />
The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River <br />
<br />
在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,一只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认真地涂抹着油彩,画出一个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
<br />
In the days of glorious morning light of the 1950s, a young boy's delicate hand, holding a paintbrush, was earnestly spreading the paint on the linen to draw a little girl with the same earnest expression, who was imitating her sister's movement, tying a bright red scarf around her neck.<br />
<br />
这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐一样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
<br />
This oil painting was sent from Nantong in Jiangsu Province to Beijing as an assignment for applying for the highest academy of arts, presenting the young painter’s sparkling artistic talent and a crystal-clear heart. The title was "Growing up to be like my sister", painted by Yuan Yunsheng.<br />
<br />
看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年除夕送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出一批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的艺术功底。<br />
<br />
When looking at this oil painting, people might think that the painter had a soft and gentle femininity. In fact, he was just the opposite. He was stubborn and unrestrained, like a boisterous colt. His love of painting since childhood was mainly influenced by his father. His father worked in a middle school in Nantong. In his spare time, he enthusiastically collected various fine art works. Every year on the New Year’s Eve, they would bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new, and his father would always hang a number of new paintings on the wall, including Chinese and foreign ones, like a small exhibition, full of the atmosphere of the art salon. The paintings collected at home gave Yuan Yunsheng some enlightenment in art. When he got a little bit older, he went to the Cultural Center in Nantong to participate in activities, attend lectures, learn to sketch, and paint, laying the first foundation of art.<br />
<br />
当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来一副犟脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
<br />
When he applied to the Central Academy of Fine Arts, his father said with worry: "The boy was born with stubbornness, which makes us uneasy."<br />
<br />
哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,一个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人 需要有个性。”<br />
<br />
His brother Yuan Yunfu, who was also involved in fine art, kept cheering him on: "Go ahead. people involved in fine art needs to have a personality."<br />
<br />
1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
<br />
In the summer of 1955, the Central Academy of Fine Arts announced the admission of new students, Yuan Yunsheng ranking the first.<br />
<br />
如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画派。这是19世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画就像一部小说或一出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝圣者像请佛一样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
<br />
If Yuan Yunsheng's work for the entrance examination could be classified as a certain school of art, it would be the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions. It was a progressive school of painting that emerged in Russia in the 19th century. It simulated life, emphasized themes, and focused on plot. A painting was like a novel or a play. It inherited Rembrandt’s tradition of realism and absorbed the Impressionism’s achievements in the use of light and color. After the October Revolution, it enjoyed the supreme position in the Soviet art circle and was invited to China by Chinese pilgrims, like inviting the Buddha. Of course, Yuan Yunsheng, only 17 years old, did not know the essence of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, let alone that the school of art was linked to the school of politics.<br />
<br />
他像奔跑在艺术山野 里的小鹿,一头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
<br />
Like a fawn running in the wilderness of art, he bumped into the arms of Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions.<br />
<br />
袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身 好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件 和艺术才能的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖力气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严格的训练——<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng was highly regarded by the academy. He was born in a good family (it was rare to have such a family background at that time) and excelled in the examination. He sat in the first-year classroom with a nimbus of political condition and artistic talent hanging over his head. He was elected as the commissary of Communist Youth League in charge of organization, who was totally the epitome of a socialist-minded and professionally competent man. He was also a real hard worker, and was very stubborn, taking everything seriously. Under the guidance of Soviet-style teaching methods, he received strict training--<br />
<br />
挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与被画者保持绝对的耐性 。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面 ”,画上一整天,只画了半个头像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履的中年人走过来,这是礼聘 来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供同学们观摩。<br />
<br />
Choosing a HB pencil, and sharpening it, and sketching in front of male and female models. The models were recruited at a very high price, both nude and non-nude. Under certain lights, the painter and the object stayed absolutely patient. He sketched out the outline at first, figured out the “light and plane”, and then drew all day long, only to have half picture of the head; the next day, the same scene was repeated under the same conditions; then, a middle-aged man with a high nose and deep eyes, dressed in a suit, came over, who was an expert invited cordially. Whenever he passed behind Yuan Yunsheng, his face often showed a look of satisfaction. Yuan Yunsheng got five points for all his sketches and oil paintings, which were sometimes hung in the classroom or in the corridor for students to watch.<br />
<br />
这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉柯夫教学体系。-袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀——苏联在中国土地上开办的艺术工厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
<br />
That year, a sketch and oil painting teaching conference of national fine art academies was held in Beijing to promote the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union. A half-length portrait of a Chinese woman painted by Yuan Yunsheng was shown off on the conference--a standard mode produced by the art factory of the Soviet Union in China.<br />
<br />
苏联专家的宠儿 ,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
<br />
He was the favorite of the Soviet experts, and the pride of the Oil Painting Department. He had a lot of success and a bright future. He immersed himself in the painting all day long, with his hand keeping waving, like a devout disciple prostrating himself before his art idol, and praying that his soul would ascend to the temple of art, seating on a throne surrounded by roses with a crown of pearls… It was the highest ideal for college students majoring in oil painting at that time.<br />
<br />
但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
<br />
But the naive faith was not solid, like an edifice built on a thin and narrow foundation, which could easily collapse. Once it was subverted, it could cause endless troubles.<br />
<br />
苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便朝那里走去。他停在一帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来一阵电灼般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
<br />
Distress had come to him, and he brought it upon himself. One morning, he heard that there was an exhibition of paintings being held in the hall, and went there. He stopped in front of a sequence of copies of the oil paintings, casting a calm glance upon it, and his whole body felt an electric sensation. His heart was shaking, and his blood was boiling.<br />
<br />
这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风 的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的感情,像酒一样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
<br />
These were the works of the European Post-Impressionist painter Van Gogh, with ordinary and simple images: fields, haystacks, a clock reflected by the setting sun, and sunflowers in clay pots. In addition, there were some portraits of ordinary people: postmen, miners, movers, and inmates who were released for yard time. In these unpretentious pictures, the author poured out the strongest feelings, as strong as wine, like a flame burning!<br />
<br />
看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格 。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生——向日葵,仿佛摇身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探求……这哪里是绘画呀 ,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每一线条和每一色块都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
<br />
Look, the jagged trees were rebellious. The undulating earth seemed to tell of suffering. <br />
The painter poured deep feelings into those ordinary people. The still-life painting --sunflowers, seemed to turn into a living thing, stretching out its jumble of tentacles to the frozen space, capturing, swaying, and indefatigably seeking… It was not a painting, but a call of the painter's life, a representation of his character! Every line and every color block were flowing, coming through invisible channels to clamp people, annihilate them to a great vortex of emotion…<br />
<br />
袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被一支锐利的艺术之箭射穿了。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng walked out of the hall, with his legs wobbling, as if he was drunk, was hurt. His heart was pierced by a sharp arrow of art.<br />
<br />
他回到宿舍,一头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高才生转瞬间变成西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
<br />
He went back to the dormitory and threw himself onto the bed. It was ironic that a top student of the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union became a captive of the Western European Post-Impressionism in an instant.<br />
<br />
宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地问 :“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
<br />
When the door of the dormitory opened, his roommate came in. Seeing him pale and tired, he asked in surprise, "Yunsheng, what happened to you?"<br />
<br />
“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
<br />
"I went to see an exhibition of Van Gogh's paintings." Yuan Yunsheng sat up in bed and said, "I've never been so excited by the works of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions..."<br />
<br />
他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的基础。有这个就够了。下一步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚 。<br />
<br />
He expressed his thoughts. In his opinion, the merit of Soviet painting theory lied in the emphasis on placing the object under certain light, observing the levels and hues with a subtle look, and tracing it carefully, which was the basis of all paintings. It was enough. The next step was to break free and move forward, not to limit themselves.<br />
<br />
他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧上了天 ,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在干着什么蠢事呀? ……<br />
<br />
He was right. Throughout the history of art, each school had its own process of formation, development, vicissitudes, and ups and downs. The Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions deserved its place in the art circle without dispute. But once it was praised to the skies, and promoted by administrative means, it would be counterproductive and bring suffocating disaster to the art. In fact, in the 1950s, painters all over the world, including Soviet painters, were running, exploring and innovating. And how stupid we were! ...<br />
<br />
袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头 ,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng said excitedly: "We follow behind them and pick up what they have thrown away!"<br />
<br />
好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,一个几亿人的社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎 。<br />
<br />
His good friends were familiar with his character and sympathized with his comments, but they worried about him. At that time, a society of hundreds of millions of people prostrated itself before Soviet idols, and his words were tantamount to a form of blasphemy.<br />
<br />
从那以后,他变得不大安分了, 一头温驯的伏尔加式的 小鹿,现出烈性马驹的本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标。<br />
<br />
From then on, he became rebel. A tame fawn, like the one on the Volga car, showed the true colors of a boisterous colt. In addition to completing the homework as usual, he improvised with mixed painting techniques, as if he was pursuing an ethereal goal.<br />
<br />
目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
<br />
The goal, was finally found, unexpectedly close at hand.<br />
<br />
从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭一张学生证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹…… <br />
<br />
From the Shuaifuyuan where the Central Academy of Fine Arts was located, crossing the big roundabout between Wangfujing and Bamiancao, the Donghua Gate of the National Palace Museum was about a mile away. At that time, students from the Academy of Fine Arts enjoyed a special privilege. They could freely enter the imperial garden of ancient Chinese art with only a student ID card. Here he saw Chen Laolian’s “Bogu Yezi (A kind of card played while drinking in ancient China)” in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan’s “Qingming Shanghe Tu (Along the River During the Qingming Festival)” in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a large number of authentic works of famous painters of the Tang Dynasty…<br />
<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
<br />
His favorite work was the "Luo Shen Fu (The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River)" by Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.<br />
<br />
长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象力!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人,栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱翔……<br />
<br />
Long scroll, romantic conception, how imaginative! The landscape was peaceful and spacious, with quiet and wonderful rivers and mountains; the figures were lifelike, dancing in the air. Was the resemblance in appearance? Was the resemblance in spirit? Between likeness and unlikeness, that was the author's mind soaring…<br />
<br />
他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条表现出高超的魅力。<br />
<br />
He put his eyes close to the scroll. The brush strokes, appearing ageless for thousands of years, like the spring silkworms spinning fine and exquisite silk, drew freely. He thought of the Soviet oil painting theory that denied the existence of lines. But in Chinese painting, the general and terse lines showed the high charm.<br />
<br />
站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他的思绪如抛出的一缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
<br />
Standing in this ancient resplendent hall, a long flowing river of art swept passed by before his eyes, and his thoughts stretched out like a wisp of gossamer. If we compared the fashionable Western art and the ancient Oriental art to two poles, there seemed to be something between the two poles that was closely related. Oh, he understood. When we got into a mut, ignored what was near and seek what was far away, those elves and devils of abstractionism, fauvism, modernism and futurism quietly got essence and extracted nutrients from the Oriental art to strengthen their bodies. That was the secret.<br />
<br />
祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
<br />
Motherland, your art is not water, not wine, not milk, but the magical royal jelly!<br />
<br />
虎丘<br />
<br />
Huqiu<br />
<br />
兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
<br />
After parting with the painter in Pukou, Lanying returned to school in Suzhou. In the blink of an eye, it was March. With spring breeze and newly sprouted willow trees, the town of flowing water under bridges liked a young girl, who was unveiled, affectionate with a lot of charm. <br />
<br />
姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
<br />
The girl's state of mind was also bright like waking spring.<br />
<br />
她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认识一下,如果手头有照片,请寄来一张。<br />
<br />
She received the painter’s letter from Nantong. The style of writing was free and easy. In the girl’s words: "The level is quite high!" The letter recalled the unforgettable scene on the train and expressed his feelings of missing her. He also said that his parents and brothers would like to get to know the girl, and if she had photos, please sent one.<br />
<br />
兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选一张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息一样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
<br />
Lanying opened the photo album without hesitation, selected a small photo, attached a short reply, and sent it to Nantong. This small act contained an unusual meaning, just like the shortest electromagnetic microwave can transmit significant information, it clearly expressed: the girl agreed to be his girlfriend.<br />
<br />
兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
<br />
Lanying's upbringing conditioned her to making her own decisions. She was born in Shandong province and grew up in the regions south of the Yangtze River. After her parents died, she moved with the troops from childhood. Wherever she went, it was her home, and she developed the ability to live independently. Over the years, she always received the warmth from the group and her female companions, but was never constrained. Perhaps she was a bit spoiled and coaxed by others, which made her form a stubborn personality.<br />
<br />
此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,一见钟情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
<br />
At the moment, she had a novel feeling that she was happier than the people around her. Because she had a right man in her heart, who affected her emotions. She silently enjoyed the secret pleasure of the young girl in love for the first time. She even imagined that once the secret was revealed, how surprised and envious her female companions would be! In their minds, her vison was very high. She was great looking and came from a privileged background. No male classmates dared to develop a relationship with her. It was not easy to take her fancy. It was done so artfully, neither by her parents’ choice, nor by the match-maker’s recommendation. She met him on a trip, and fell in love at first sight, bringing everything lime a whirlwind, so that the girl was full of desire for a better life. It was really romantic! So, she wove the future scenarios with sweet silk, anxiously waiting for the response from Nantong. Did he receive her letter? Would the painter's parents comment her when looking at her photo? Was she too pretty, or not enough? Alas! It was really hard to guess… The girl's heart was like the weather in the south of the Yangtze River in March. The temperature and weather changed abruptly.<br />
<br />
学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
<br />
The school was preparing for the Women's Day celebration. Lanying was the commissary in charge of entertainment of the class, a major role that bore a heavy burden of responsibility. The time passed quickly as she arranged the programs, made a blackboard newspaper, and decorated the venue.<br />
<br />
“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄起话筒,一惊一喜——那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
<br />
On Woman’s Day, the curtain was opened, and everyone was watching the stage. Suddenly someone called Lanying to answer the phone. She took up the microphone, and was surprised and delighted--it was the painter calling from the school's reception office.<br />
<br />
兰英极力掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,一阵风似的跑到学校的门口。<br />
<br />
Lanying tried to hide his excitement, turned to the students, vaguely explained a few words, and ran to the school gate like a gust of wind.<br />
<br />
画家站在那里,手中照例拿着一个速写本。<br />
<br />
The painter stood there, holding a sketchbook in his hand as usual.<br />
<br />
“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
<br />
"When did you arrive?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I just got off the train. I was passing through here after the home leave." The painter said.<br />
<br />
“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
<br />
"Please come in, do you … want to draw some sketches for our celebration?"<br />
<br />
“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……” <br />
<br />
"Not going in. I'd like to invite you out for a walk…"<br />
<br />
兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意味着向人生的一个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
<br />
Lanying hesitated for a moment. She was willing to accept the request, but also felt embarrassed. Since she entered the period of youth and became mature, Lanying spent this day with her female companions every year. Today she was going to leave her group, which meant saying goodbye to a stage of life. She thought about the discipline of the school, the opinion of classmates...<br />
<br />
“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
<br />
"Where are we going?" Lanying asked shyly.<br />
<br />
“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
<br />
"Huqiu." The painter's expression did not change.<br />
<br />
当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
<br />
When they got off the bus and stood at the foot of Huqiu Hill, the girl's uneasy heart was quieted down and relaxed. <br />
<br />
和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深”。沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
<br />
Compared with the small gardens in Suzhou City, Huqiu was a broad and quiet place to visit. The first two lines of Bai Juyi's poem on Huqiu were " The temple doesn't look far away, but it's very deep in the garden.” Walking along the stone path to the garden, there were many pines and cypresses, clear and blue sword pool, thick and tall groves of bamboo hiding the buildings and pavilions on the hillside: Temple of Chloris, Three Smiles pavilion... Walking deeper and there was more quiet, like walking into a sweet dream.<br />
<br />
这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在一起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
<br />
It was the first time Lanying had been alone with a man. There were mysterious waves in the girl’s heart. She felt that she had a lot to say to the painter, but she didn't know where to start.<br />
<br />
“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
<br />
"Have you received the photo?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I received. My family saw it and they all like you." The painter said.<br />
<br />
可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术。他对这一带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而倾倒。<br />
<br />
But the painter soon changed the subject. He commented on the local customs and culture of Suzhou and introduced the plastic art of the regions south of the Yangtze River. He seemed to be familiar with the area and knew a lot of anecdotes. The girl listened to him with great interest and was overwhelmed with admiration by the painter's profound knowledge.<br />
<br />
前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去 ,仿佛在祝福这一对美好的情侣。突然,一股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
<br />
Huqiu Pagoda was just ahead. The towering spire thrust into the blue sky and white clouds, magnificent and magical. Lanying and the painter ran towards the top of the hill with excitement. The painter stretched out his strong arm to support the girl. They were so close to each other, feeling the heat of each other's breath and heart beating. Pines, cypresses, and bamboo forests swayed backwards, as if they were blessing the wonderful couple. Suddenly, with a blazing feeling, they both stopped at the same time.<br />
<br />
这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰一样醉红,双唇像微微绽开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己一样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后一瞬……<br />
<br />
Here was surrounded by hills and trees, empty and silent. The painter stared at the girl with a frank and honest look; Lanying closed her eyes happily, ready to receive a baptism of love that would never be forgotten. The golden sunlight, through the branches of the trees, cast waving shadows on the girl’s face. Her cheeks were as red as roses, and her lips were like slightly blooming petals, more beautiful than usual. What a pure girl. Opening the window of her heart, there wasn’t any trace of dust and impurities. Although it was her second meeting with the painter, she trusted him and life as she trusted herself. Hold her tight, kiss her with fervor. She would be yours forever, from now until the last moment of your life…<br />
<br />
“兰英,我要告诉你一件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是‘右派’！”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I’ll tell you something." What she heard at this moment was the painter’s calm voice, “The first time was too late and the second time is not too late. I was classed as a 'rightist' when I was in college. Really, it was the 'rightist'!”<br />
<br />
霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
<br />
All of a sudden, the hills and trees, the ancient pagoda, were frozen in a deathly silence…<br />
<br />
孤岛上<br />
On a Lonely Island<br />
<br />
到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。1957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
<br />
Have you ever been to an island of the sea? The water and sky seemed to be mixed up together. The clouds came and went, and tide rose and fell. The island was a poem, a fresh and meaningful poem. At the turn of spring and summer in 1957, Yuan Yunsheng was in a poetic environment.<br />
<br />
他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
<br />
He went deep into the life on the island and practice drawing from nature. The Central Academy of Fine Arts required that second-year students had a two-month internship course; before the summer vacation, students went to different parts of the country. He and another student were the only ones who participated in the trip to the island. It was located on the shore of the Yellow Sea. There were only troops on the island, and no residents for miles around. The island provided him with a fortunate environment, getting away from the noise and disputes of the human world, and escaping the violent turmoil that happened in the mainland.<br />
<br />
小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体 ,心情是焦渴的。当蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
<br />
People on the island were closest to nature. Every morning, carrying the paint box on his back, he wandered on the beach covered with light yellow gravel and welcomed the first ray of happy sunshine. At the age of only eighteen, Yuan Yunsheng had already stood out from the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions and became a hazy composite of Chinese Classicism Painting and Western Modernism Painting, who was anxious. The blue sea sprinkled ten thousand golden stars and the sunglow filled his heart with brilliant colors. It was the moment when the young artist's life was burning. He hurriedly opened the paint box, spread the canvas and accepted the generous offer of nature.<br />
<br />
小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左右,才有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
<br />
The island was simple. Politics was proportional to the population, and there were fewer political topics here. Only a barge arrived to deliver newspapers and mail every ten days or so. While he and his companion were eating, they hastily opened the newspapers and skim through them. He was curious about the articles that appeared in the newspaper:<br />
<br />
“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好啦……”<br />
<br />
"Beijing is allowing the people to express their views now. This article is interesting. This opinion should be adopted. Changing it like this will be good…"<br />
<br />
他看完报纸一扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块和线条的运用。<br />
<br />
He threw the newspaper away after reading it and then forgot about it. He did not care about anything else except painting. His road of life was bright, full of sunshine, with no clouds hanging over him and nothing to worry about. All he cared about was the use of light, color blocks and lines.<br />
<br />
年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队的宣传干事带到一间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
<br />
The only political question the young artist faced was raised by the local soldiers. One day, he was taken to a humble shed by a publicity officer of the troops, and a pair of trusting eyes were cast upon him.<br />
<br />
“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, you have asked to go to another island to paint, right?"<br />
<br />
“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
<br />
"Yes, we want to go there."<br />
<br />
“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
<br />
"The troops have studied it. You can go, but your classmate stays."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查 。你们学校填写了两份材料,你的情况单纯 。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
<br />
"A permanent military project is being built on the island. Those who go there have to pass a political vetting. Your college filled out two documents, and your background is simple. Your classmate can't go, mainly because of family problems…"<br />
<br />
袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是一种荣幸,既然生活当中存在这样一些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng frowned. It was an honor to be invited alone. Since there were such rules in life, he went to there alone and no one could blame it. But it brought him more trouble than excitement. He knew his classmates. They were all members of the Communist Youth League and were the backbone of the students. Why should they be distinguished? With his artistic way of thinking, he decided that it was a proposition of conscience and friendship.<br />
<br />
“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
<br />
"Hey, I got it." He went back to the dorm and said to his companion, "The island is building fortifications, drilling and blasting, filled with smoke. There is nothing to paint. We've been out for a long time, let's just go back to the college!"<br />
<br />
不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大 登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活见鬼 !中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
<br />
Soon, he and his classmate crossed the sea and landed at Lvda City. The cool sea breeze blew against the beautiful city, arousing interest in sightseeing. They wandered the streets. The scenery was charming, the buildings were quirky and everywhere was full of Russian atmosphere. When Yuan looked up at the signposts, which wrote the street names like “Makarov”, he complained: "Damn it! Why does the street of a Chinese city have to be named after a Russian general? What a bummer…" A few days later, they stood in the blue harbor, casting a last glance at the ocean waves, and turned around to set foot on the way back.<br />
<br />
不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
<br />
He didn’t expect that it was a farewell to the blue life.<br />
<br />
北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷 ,使海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头 ,有碍“百花齐放”。袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
<br />
Beijing had changed. Returning from the island, he was amazed by the swift counterattack, the overwhelming criticism, and the petals scattered on the ground in the campus. What puzzled him most was the situation of Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the academy. He heard that the secretary of the Party Committee made a mistake because he advocated the revolutionary school of painting too far, which hindered "all flowers blooming together". Yuan Yunsheng really didn’t understand what the “revolutionary school of painting” had to do with the “rightist”.<br />
<br />
袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? 一连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng hid in the dormitory, immersing himself in gathering up his sketches. Perhaps, he was safe. He advocated inheriting ancient Chinese art and drawing on western modern art, which should be conducive to the "blooming of a hundred flowers". How could he not be safe. For several days, he chased the white clouds, waves and seagulls, lost in the memories of his trip to the sea…<br />
<br />
有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像一个漏了税的走私犯接受审讯。<br />
<br />
One day, he was suddenly called to the classroom and stood in front of the people, like a smuggler being tried for tax evasion.<br />
<br />
摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名——“反苏” 。 <br />
<br />
He was faced with a host of problems: deviant views in art, sympathetic remarks to the "rightist", "poisoning" on the island and in Lvda, and a terrible accusation throughout it--"anti-Soviet".<br />
<br />
究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐 ,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
<br />
The answer to who denounced him could be found by using elementary mathematics, but it was meaningless. Since he had thought so, and said, he said bluntly to anyone, with an honest heart.<br />
<br />
他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他一挥手:“请你到外面等一会儿。”<br />
<br />
He racked his brain to repeat what he had said, and the presenter waved to him: "Please wait outside for a moment."<br />
<br />
他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听见屋里在争论。<br />
<br />
He left the classroom and stood in the corridor, feeling relieved and comfortable. The corridor was only one door away from the classroom, and he heard an argument in the room.<br />
<br />
有人说:“够了……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "That's enough…”<br />
<br />
有人说:“还不够……”<br />
<br />
Someone said: "Not enough...”<br />
<br />
有人说:“态度还好……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "The attitude is not bad…"<br />
<br />
他的好友在替他争辩,另一些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
<br />
His best friends were arguing for him, and others were insisting on something, which sounded interesting. Then there was silence… Then, he was called back to the classroom.<br />
<br />
“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, after research, you've been classified as a 'rightist'!"<br />
<br />
政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色——红与黑。点朱泼墨,二者居其一,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不同,观点对立,照样用黑笔一勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
<br />
The oil painting box of the political movement had only two colors--red and black, which was different from the oil painting box of the artist. The only way to choose between cinnabar and ink was to rely on fortune-telling. He and Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, were of different ages, different background colors, and opposing views, but they were both outlined by black brushes with the same destination and the painting procedures were highly simplified.<br />
<br />
晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
<br />
In the evening, he rode the bike to Baijiazhuang, where his brother Yuan Yunfu lived. He rocked back in the sofa: "I am."<br />
<br />
哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
<br />
His brother smiled and asked, "What are you?"<br />
<br />
“我是’右派’了。”<br />
<br />
"I'm a 'rightist' now."<br />
<br />
“呵?”哥哥大吃一惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
<br />
"Huh?" His brother was astonished, "What mistake did you make?"<br />
<br />
“我没犯错误。”<br />
<br />
"I didn't make a mistake."<br />
<br />
“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
<br />
"Then why are you classified as a 'rightist'?"<br />
<br />
“他们说我是,就是啰 。”<br />
<br />
"They said I am. So I am."<br />
<br />
“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
<br />
"No! No!" His brother was trembling.<br />
<br />
“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
<br />
"What’s wrong with that?" He said evenly, "I still paint, still go to school, still engage in arts."<br />
<br />
他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山造湖,兴修水库,一颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地指挥部,请求一边干活一边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人来访。<br />
<br />
He really did not know pain yet. Soon after, hundreds of thousands of people in the capital swarmed to the out to the suburbs to move mountains and create lakes and build reservoirs in the gorge of the Ming Tombs, and a naive heart was touched. He thought how good it would be to see so many people working together to do one thing. He took his oil painting box and rode more than one hundred miles by bike to the construction headquarters, asking to be able to work and spent his spare time painting. They refused, explaining that according to the regulations, they would not accept personal visits.<br />
<br />
又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他一个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
<br />
Shortly afterward, he went into the construction site by bus with a large group of people from the Central Academy of Fine Arts. How excited he was! He did as much work alone as several men together, carrying six baskets for holding earth on one pole, and running fast on the rugged mountain road. At noon, when others took a nap, he held his painting clipboard and went to the mountain to paint under the scorching sun. Until he was exhausted and staggered back to the shed, he still didn’t feel bitter. Because it was her own choice. He was motivated by the boiling life and generously gave his energy, feeling that it was a great pleasure.<br />
<br />
可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成呵斥的嗓门,一张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了——仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
<br />
But the atmosphere in the shed had changed. The students gathered around him, pointing at him, and saying that he was disobedient, did not accept reform, and should not paint anymore… He was stunned. He didn’t know that it was a criticism meeting, and he didn’t understand what they said. He only felt that familiar eyes became harsh eyes, intimate expressions became indifferent expressions, and peaceful voices became scolding voices. Their mouths were moving, and their hands were shaking. Suddenly he understood--just one thing: he was different from others!<br />
<br />
他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
<br />
He opened his bloodshot eyes wide, wriggled his dry lips, and fell down with his hands on his head.<br />
<br />
过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
<br />
Because of overwork and mental stimulation, he contracted serious dysentery. The illness dragged on from summer to winter, and later he was sent to an unheated hut at college.<br />
<br />
小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活 ,学校当局不再放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他才感到了痛苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出一串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
<br />
The hut was cold and damp, where dripping water could freeze. His body was hot with a high fever. College authorities were no longer concerned about his condition. A year ago, he was the pride of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, who became an abandoned orphan now. He felt the pain, the pain of being strangled in art, exceeding the physical pain, like being pushed into a terrible hell. No! In the spiritual realm of art, there was only heaven, not hell. He was forced to learn to be inferior, but he could never learn it. In a coma, cluttered thoughts were flashing, as if he was flying after the seagulls, and dancing with the Goddess of the Luo River. He tossed and turned and struggled, with a series of moans, as if not willing to sink, but to climb out of the dark hell…<br />
<br />
屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
<br />
A faint white light came through the door and he heard the sound of footsteps. Looking there attentively, he found that his friend stood in front of the bed, casting sympathetic and concerned eyes at him.<br />
<br />
他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是一种负担。我需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
<br />
He sat up quickly: "Please don't come to see me again. I understand that it is a burden for others to be close to me. I need friendship, but not pity. What I need now is solitude, solitude, let me be alone!"<br />
<br />
新月<br />
<br />
The Crescent Moon<br />
<br />
夕阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野 闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对青年男女。<br />
<br />
The setting sun cast a golden glow on Huqiu and fell to the other side of the hill. The clear and quiet lights shimmered on the hill, which was connected to the transparent dusk, reflecting the stately profile of the millennium pagoda, like a contemplative old man overlooking a young couple on the hill.<br />
<br />
这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们一页一页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像一阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只残忍的巨手一挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择 。<br />
<br />
This moment was long enough for Lanying. There were tragedies and comedies in love stories that had been passed down through the ages, attracting people to read them page by page. However, the second page of Lanying's story was unbearable. The tender feelings of a girl who was in her first love: happiness, novelty, joy… For an instant they vanished like a gust of wind, as if with the wave of a cruel hand, everything sank, everything disappeared, and a problem was put before the girl, severe, cold, and emotionless, turning the sweet assignment into a cold choice of stakes.<br />
<br />
在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的一群 ,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以“杀气腾腾”“煽风点火 ”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁愿与鬼蜮联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
<br />
In those years, in this land, as long as people mentioned the "rightist", a bunch of greys flashed before their eyes, like shadows, like ghosts, as if they killed a man, committed arson, or poison something. It seemed that they were all charged with “murder”, “fanning the flames”, “drug trafficking” and so on. Their souls were sentenced to death, leaving only soulless shells of bodies. The shell, could breathe but could not speak, and must work but could not harvest. The only tolerance that society gave them was to give them more time than convicts sentenced to death, turning their shells into mud. Who would want to be married to a ghost? Who wanted to be with a zombie? Lanying faced such a choice.<br />
<br />
在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每一个姑娘都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵——询问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,工资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称一称。爱情的内容转变了,转变为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义 。<br />
<br />
In an environment where marriage and politics were tied together, every girl had to make considerations, either to enjoy honor, or to have misfortunes with her husband. Under the same dusk, how many girls in the world were considering it--asking the man’s family background, political affiliation, education background, job, salary, rank… asking his direct value and everything indirectly translated into value, and then weighing them on the balance of love. The content of love had been transformed into the process of exchange of commodities, which gradually became common and natural.<br />
<br />
兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算 。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
<br />
Lanying had more rights to make her own decisions. She was receiving higher education. She would be a nurse in the future, whose had blood of martyrs in her veins. The organization was considering her to join the Communist Party of China. She was as proud as a daughter of an eminent family, as beautiful as Snow White… Every intersection of life would provide the green light for her. with sons from aristocratic families for her to choose and high position and great wealth to enjoy. But life seemed to play ticks on her. It was the black devil who came to her side, not the angel of love. It was not late to break off the relationship with him at once, and there was no obligation on conscience and morality.<br />
<br />
兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越 ,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气 。因此,她还不懂得利害。<br />
<br />
Lanying lost in painful thought. She was in a privileged situation and had pure experiences, remaining unspotted from the world. Therefore, she did not understand the stakes.<br />
<br />
政治运动对姑娘来说,像一场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些“右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她还时常听到这样的告诫:有才华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不断得到强化。<br />
<br />
The political movement was like a vague dream for the girl. In 1957, she was an innocent girl studying in middle school. She took part in the denunciation, with her mouth, with her pen, with her outraged feeling. The war was over before she could see the enemies clearly. She only saw the backs of the prisoners. Later, when the girl was a little older, whenever she heard that someone was a "rightist", she could not help but look at him with curiosity. She saw that most of the "rightists" were scholars, professors, artists, writers, business backbone, celebrities and so on. She also often heard the admonition: talented people often had strong personalities; people with strong personalities often suffered setbacks. The direct and converse theorem of real life had been repeated in various tones, and the girl’s impression of it was constantly reinforced.<br />
<br />
抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的嘲讽。<br />
<br />
The abstract concept of friend or foe formed a concrete conclusion in the girl's mind, which was a sad mockery of the solemn political movement.<br />
<br />
眼前的画家又是一个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离经叛道的歧路 ,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为政治问题?为什么要让一个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的才华……什么是才华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下一颗蓝色的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
<br />
The painter before her was another example. Because the painter opposed the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, he was declared to be on an unorthodox and evil path and was sentenced to death in politics. The girl could not understand why the issue of art had to be turned into a political issue? Why should a Chinese hot-blooded young man be sacrificed to a foreign altar as a lamb to be slaughtered? Wasn't it ludicrous? Such a ludicrous thing actually happened. Perhaps, it further proved that the painter was not a meek lamb, but a fearful calf, attracting jealousy from others. It further proved the painter’s courage and insight, indomitable nature and precious talent… What was talent? For the simplehearted girl, it was the light of life, the garland of youth, the transcendence of ignorance, the sublimation of knowledge. It made money and wealth eclipsed, made gain, loss, fame and bad reputation ruin and loss become a passing cloud, like a bright horizon that divided the clear sky and turbid earth. Foolish girls liked to adorn themselves with jewels, but noble girls were full of spiritual aspirations. She was willing to pick a blue star and set it on the heart of love... Lanying broke the silence and said to the painter in a deep voice: "Don't mention those things of your past to me again. I don't think you've made a mistake…"<br />
<br />
画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子 ,也是有限的宽恕,一切还同过去一样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "But everyone else thinks so. Even if they took the hat off, the forgiveness would be limited, and everything would be the same as before. You can't associate with people like me. You must consider the consequences."<br />
<br />
“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
<br />
"I don't care about the consequences. No matter what other people think, I trust my instincts."<br />
<br />
“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are your instincts?"<br />
<br />
“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
<br />
"My instinct is that you are talented!"<br />
<br />
这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激动的光辉:“世上有才华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
<br />
It was the highest praise for an "enemy of society”. Her tone showed a significant preference, which should bring enough relief to the painter. But the painter stood there with a stoney expression. The radiance of excitement in his gaze was worn away: "There are many talented people in the world, including glorious victors and miserable losers. Why do you prefer me? You’ll regret it in the future…"<br />
<br />
难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把才华糟蹋得像一块抹布的年月里,这句话,他不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子无才便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,才华再也不是令知识分子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
<br />
No wonder the painter reacted indifferently. It was not the first time he had heard the phrase in the years when his talent was ruined like a rag. Anyone could give it to him. Beneath the hypocritical compliment was a deliberate mockery. "A woman without talent is virtuous", now also applied to men. Even if he was trampled underfoot, mercilessly flogged, covering with cuts and bruises, they could pat him on the shoulder and told him to get up and go to work. At that time, talent was no longer a flower that made intellectuals have smug feelings, but a bitter medicine that touched their feelings of sorrow.<br />
<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
<br />
Lanying’s and the painter's eyes met. The painter's eyes, probing and frank, with a deep flame of self-esteem and some expectations, shot all the way to the girl's heart. Lanying could not resist this stare that could penetrate through everything, and her heart was shivering…<br />
<br />
兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费力气地获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被搞得阴阳颠倒！一时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到一颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙一样晶莹闪烁。<br />
<br />
Lanying suddenly remembered that it was her second meeting with the painter, in this quiet mountain forest, a secluded valley far away from the city. Wasn't today Women's Day? Ordinarily, he could easily win the girl’s heart with his gentleness and gallantry. However, he brought frustration, which couldn’t wait to broke the girl's calm. He said the truth, revealed the hidden pain, casting ominous clouds. He knew that it could cause irreversible consequences, but insisted on doing it. What exactly was it for? How upright and poised he was! Why was such a person said to be a terrible devil? The vanished soul? Life was so unfair! Honesty for disaster, cunning for glory, how much right and wrong in the world had been turned upside down! For a moment, Lanying felt that the ravine, valley and river in front of her had been filled in. Through the evening mist, she saw a sincere heart, glittering and shining like agates.<br />
<br />
兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
<br />
Lanying said excitedly, "I decided."<br />
<br />
画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "You love me?"<br />
<br />
“喜欢。”<br />
<br />
"Yes."<br />
<br />
“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
<br />
"What do I have to be loved?"<br />
<br />
“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
<br />
"Because you are honest, and love needs honesty."<br />
<br />
画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝 里滚动。<br />
<br />
The painter's whole body shocked, and he threw himself on the girl and buried his head in her arms. In one moment, the strong man turned into a child that curled up, with tears welling up in his eyes.<br />
<br />
一弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
<br />
A crescent moon rose. The ancient pagoda was solemn, and the bamboo forest whispered. The bright silver light shined on the girl, who was like a silver statue of goddess.<br />
<br />
画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
<br />
The painter was like embracing a treasure that he never wanted to lose. For many years, he lived and behaved with integrity, and infatuated with art. But no one had ever given such an evaluation on him. Today, the girl judged his conscience, filling his lonely heart with light. He was satisfied and relieved, feeling that he got the greatest reward for the hardship he had suffered for years…<br />
<br />
双桥<br />
<br />
Shuangqiao<br />
<br />
当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢——充当囚犯, 颠沛流离 ,饱尝辛酸……<br />
<br />
Contemporary artists have great passions to pursue their own artistic styles, and those who had suffered misfortune had unique styles that could not be replaced by others. Who wants to repeat their experience--to be a prisoner, to wander, to endure all kinds of hardships…<br />
<br />
翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
<br />
Open Repin’s collection, and look at ''Barge Haulers on the Volga''.<br />
<br />
我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石磙,弓着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下一闪一闪。<br />
<br />
There is a picture similar to ''Barge Haulers on the Volga'' before us, a living picture. The sun was hot, and the air was burning. On the golden wheat field, a young man pulled a stone roller with the posture of the barge hauler on the Volga. He bowed, head down, with a rope trip on his shoulder, hands almost down to the ground. Sweat was running down his bare back, glowing and winking in the sun.<br />
<br />
这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是最年轻的一个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石磙,一拉就是一天。<br />
<br />
This was Shuangqiao Farm in Beijing, one of the earliest state farms, which was famous for its mechanized production. But the artists from the Central Academy of Fine Arts did the work like animal labor. Yuan Yunsheng was the youngest among more than twenty people, who volunteered to do the heaviest work. He pulled the stone roller on the wheat field all day.<br />
<br />
二十几个人住在一间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。几年前,在他们头顶上发生的 那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成为一门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向两极。<br />
<br />
More than twenty people lived in a large room, with shabby windows and doors, and flies and mosquitoes flying freely in and out. There were two rows of wide beds for a number of people and tables made of wooden boards in the room. The dean, professors, teaching assistants and students were equally treated here. The explosion that happened above their heads a few years ago caused different reactions in each of them. Some were silent, some were endlessly repentant, some were calm, and some were trembling, just as the mechanics of the explosion developed into a unique craft, capable of both destruction and construction, making their spiritual models distinctly polarized.<br />
<br />
袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头一个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,一头畜力转眼间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng returned to the room from the wheat field, his first action was to fall on the drawing board by the bed. The animal became an artist with glittering eyes at once, just like the miracle of a magic show by a magician. With the drawing board under his arm, he looked for prey everywhere. He was the master of everything in the territory of visual image.<br />
<br />
他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着他。试问 ,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展示了情景交融的空间——略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
<br />
He doggedly innovated, of his own accord and under duress. He had to reform through labor, and made art at the same time, who needed to adapt to the new environment because he could not leisurely portray objects like oil painters. Applying the achievements of line modeling in Chinese painting to Western oil painting, which was a hazy pursuit before, now became a bright flame that attracted him strongly. Who had ever seen the existence of "line" in life? And he saw it. He observed the layers of light, analyzed the light and plane of the object, trying to grasp the moment when a plane met another plane. The changing, transitional, and wonderful division showed clear lines on the retina, which commanded the hand and pen through the processing of the brain, the exaggeration of emphasis and the appropriate deformation, drawing firm or soft lines on the sketch, as simple as Chinese paintings, as precise as Western paintings, like a Peking Opera artist on an empty stage, showing the space that feelings mingled with scenes with his nuanced hand movements, expression of eyes and body motions--a remarkable painting language that was slight but not empty, with real in its emptiness.<br />
<br />
他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
<br />
He figured it out. Since his paintings would never be cared again, let alone exhibited, he could let his pen draw freely. During the days in the farm, he made more than two thousand sketches with pens, brushes and pencils, far more than the number of assignments for students in fine art colleges. With heavy work and strong foundation, he went toward his goal. A large pile of sketches on his bedside was the accumulation of his faith and the ocean of spirit.<br />
<br />
住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
<br />
Among the people living in the same room, there was a stern elder who often watched the young painter's behaviors. He was Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy. Jiang Feng's gaze was astonished. He didn’t know his student before, but now he was touched by Yuan Yunsheng's enthusiasm for hard work and advancement.<br />
<br />
“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去！”<br />
<br />
"I really don't understand why the student like you should be labeled as a 'rightist'?" Jiang Feng said to Yuan Yunsheng, "Draw it. As long as you think it's right, you can draw it according to your will!"<br />
<br />
这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
<br />
It was the direct teaching Yuan Yunsheng heard from the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, not in the grand academy, but in the hard adversity. This teaching impressed him forever.<br />
<br />
一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
<br />
One day, people living in the same room held a review meeting. Some of them confessed as usual, but Jiang Feng declaimed, criticizing the proneness to boasting and exaggeration in publicity, the disconnect between economic policy and economic base, and the hazards of "Left" opportunism, just like a level-headed politician without the slightest self-consciousness of an offender. He was still him, maintaining human dignity, and exercising the rights of the brain and mouth. Yuan Yunsheng listened, filled with admiration.<br />
<br />
散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特儿是清癯的、憔悴的,一副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出一个美的灵魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
<br />
After the meeting, Jiang Feng read a book with his head on the desk. Yuan Yunsheng quietly picked up the drawing board and looked towards him. The model in front of him was skinny and haggard, with a contemplative look. However, in the painter's mind, a beautiful soul was reflected, as hard and transparent as diamonds. The painter used his brush to draw a portrait of him with ease and verve.<br />
<br />
“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
<br />
"Oh, I'm much thinner than before." Jiang Feng took the sketch and said with emotion, "Leave this painting to me. You and I have a memorable friendship…"<br />
<br />
这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
<br />
The sketch was paired with a frame, hanging in Jiang Feng's home for many years.<br />
<br />
一个被撤职的党委书记,一个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
<br />
A dismissed secretary of the Party Committee, and a young man forced to stop school. Neither of their personalities were distorted under the weight. Once the personality had overcome the ordeal, it was like cast iron. It was the same to admit it or not.<br />
<br />
雨纷纷<br />
<br />
The Drizzling Water <br />
<br />
画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业分配。<br />
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The painter parted with Lanying in Suzhou and returned to Changchun. They exchanged letters from time to time. A year later, Lanying was facing job assignment after graduation.<br />
<br />
东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降临头上。<br />
<br />
The Northeast was very unfamiliar to Lanying. In her imagination, it was distant borderlands covered with snow and ice, a terrible place so cold that the nose, ears and chin could be frozen off. None of the students wanted to be assigned to the Northeast. They were used to the affluent conditions and warm climate of lands of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River, and the mere mention of the Northeast made their hair stand on end, as if the doom of exile had fallen on their heads. <br />
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兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
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Lanying was regardless of anything. In the girl's mind, where he was, there was spring, and there was a bonfire! She was willing to suffer cold and hunger just by his side.<br />
<br />
当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
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When Lanying proposed to the organization of his aspiration for assignment, the other side was shocked: “Ah, you already have a boyfriend! How long have you known each other? What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
姑娘一五一十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住 。<br />
<br />
The girl answered one by one. She thought that it could not be hidden sooner or later.<br />
<br />
兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象力,把故事编得像田园牧歌一样美妙——<br />
<br />
Lanying’s story spread through the college. Oral litterateurs were not lack in imagination, and made up the story as beautiful as an idyllic pastoral--<br />
<br />
“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
<br />
"Hey, did you hear? Lanying asked to be assigned to Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
<br />
"So far away! Why do you want to go there?"<br />
<br />
“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子。”<br />
<br />
"She met a boyfriend, one of the most beautiful men in Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那个人干什么的?”<br />
<br />
"What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
<br />
"He's an actor at Changchun Film Studio. He acted many movies."<br />
<br />
“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
<br />
"Of course it is good to have an actor as boyfriend. He can go everywhere in the country. <br />
Studios are in big cities, and Lanying can be transferred to wherever she likes!"<br />
<br />
但是,在学校的一间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
<br />
But in a small room of the college, Lanying's head was under the weight of thousand pounds, and furious and disappointed eyes were cast at him: “You are too naïve in politics. Who is he? A ‘rightist', who is anti-Party and anti-socialist. Who are you? The descendant of revolutionary martyrs, member of the Communist Youth League, and the Party organization's development target. Won’t you feel sorry about your dead parents? And the Party?<br />
<br />
兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了……”<br />
<br />
Lanying argued: "His hat had been taken off…"<br />
<br />
“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样一个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣个黑锅背一辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
<br />
"Whether his hat had been taken off or not, it was all the same. If one has such a family, he could not shake it off. But you want to have the injustice and carry it for the rest of your life. How silly you are!"<br />
<br />
“我乐意……”<br />
<br />
"I don’t care…"<br />
<br />
“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍白,四肢麻木,像是一个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
<br />
"Don’t say any more! You are already his prisoner, standing on a cliff. You have to break off with him, and never meet him again. If he writes to you, you hand it over to the organization to deal with!" Lanying sat in a corner of the room, pale and numb, like a rebel on trial. What did she have to say? A simple-hearted girl confided in others the secret of love for the first time, who should receive happy congratulations. However, she received brutal reprimand and forced interferences, and it was useless to argue with them. She dragged herself back to the dormitory.<br />
<br />
更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她,好像她做了什么亏心事。一颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
<br />
What was harder to bear was the mute weight. Her classmates looked at her with scorn and whispered about her as if she had done something against conscience. A pearl once held in the palm of the hand suddenly became the object of ridicule, so that she tasted the fickleness of the world, the ups and downs of fate, and aroused a strong feeling of rebellion.<br />
<br />
她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨——爸爸生前的战友。<br />
<br />
She wrote a letter and sent it to an aunt in Hangzhou, a former comrade of her father.<br />
<br />
阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
<br />
The aunt soon sent a telegram, asking her to go to Hangzhou and talking with her face to face.<br />
<br />
兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空一样阴郁。<br />
<br />
When she arrived in Hangzhou, it was drizzling. The aunt took her to her residence, and was very hospitable with smile, trying to make her happy. However, Lanying's face looked sad, as gloomy as the sky.<br />
<br />
“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说，“我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
<br />
"What if you worry yourself into illness?” The aunt said, "Let me go out for a walk with you.”<br />
<br />
她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
<br />
They went to Orioles Singing in the Willows of the West Lake with an umbrella.<br />
<br />
西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
<br />
The West Lake was silvery gray in front of Lanying. The sky was silver, and the water was silver. The atmosphere was drifting with silver powder that looked like rain but not rain, which he could not feel, and her clothes seemed to be getting wet but not.<br />
<br />
兰英的眉心舒展 了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
<br />
Lanying felt more comfortable: "The scenery here is so beautiful!"<br />
<br />
“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢，”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍一个男朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证会喜欢他……”<br />
<br />
"It is worth coming here, right. There is another happy thing," said the aunt with a smile, "I’ll introduce to you a boyfriend. He is a member of the party and does confidential work in the army. He is handsome and you are well-matched in age. I’m sure that as long as you are willing to meet him, you are going to like him…"<br />
<br />
兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
<br />
Lanying was on the alert at once: "Did you invite me here just for this?"<br />
<br />
阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养感情嘛……”<br />
<br />
The aunt said: "I’m doing this for your own good. The relationship needs to be cultivated. You don’t have a relationship with him now, but you can cultivate it…"<br />
<br />
姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进一团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲径好像布满陷阱。一种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。给你!”<br />
<br />
The girl only felt that her chest was stuffed with a mess. The beautiful scenery of the West Lake had become nasty, and the winding path under her feet seemed to be fraught with pitfalls. A feeling of being fooled came over her, and she said angrily: "I don't want to see anyone. Here you are!"<br />
<br />
兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
<br />
Lanying shoved the umbrella into the aunt's hand, turned and ran away through the cold rain. Behind her, the lake water lapped at the shore, making a rhythmic sound, like heaving sighs…<br />
<br />
回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
<br />
Back to the residence, the first thing Lanying did was to pack things, ready to return to Suzhou. The aunt came over and said calmly, "Lanying, I know your temper. Once you have decided something, no one can persuade you…"<br />
<br />
“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
<br />
"I appreciate that you know it." The girl said tonelessly.<br />
<br />
“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好好谈谈吧……”<br />
<br />
"I have only one request." said the aunt, "Since you came to Hangzhou, it does not hurt to stay one more day. Let's talk about it in the evening…"<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
<br />
At night, Lanying and the aunt sat face to face by lamplight.<br />
<br />
“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I trust your eyes. The person you like must be good." The aunt said calmly. “Our party implements a policy of uniting and reforming intellectuals, and people like him still have a role to play."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "I thought the same thing…"<br />
<br />
“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们一些好处。打个比喻吧,好比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那些人再好,也不能使用。你多想一想吧……”<br />
<br />
"But let me tell you more detailed information." The aunt said, "At present, we do not have a team of intellectuals of our own. If we don’t rely on them, who can we rely on? If we want to use them, we have to give them some benefits. To use an analogy, it is like a jelly bean to coax children. The little sweetness will soon melt. When our own team grows up, they can’t be used anymore no matter how good they are. Think more about it…”<br />
<br />
姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头一次听说,在政策的背后还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
<br />
After the girl listened to the thorough analysis, she was bewildered. She heard for the first time that there were policies behind a policy. The infinite mysteries of life were enough for her to digest slowly.<br />
<br />
这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。一个势单力孤的女子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越 ,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为一个农家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
<br />
That night, Lanying lost sleep. At the deadest time of the night, she was thinking about the painter who was far away and gradually came to realize that there were more serious obstacles between them than ice, snow, storms, mountains and rivers. A weak woman, powerless to push away the weight of society, tradition and mentality, felt that the future was infinitely uncertain. Did the girl regret having fallen in love with him? She could not find a reason to condemn herself. Their love was witnessed by the green hill and bright moon, without a trace of dust. She could only regret that she came from a privileged background and was fully favored, so that her love was also shackled. The girl would rather be reborn again for him… She fell asleep in a daze and had a sweet dream that she was transformed into a farm girl and met the painter among the white mountain and the black water. The whole world was pure as if it was covered with silver and jade… When she woke up, she found that it was just a delusional dream. The fate had been doomed, and everything was irreversible. The girl was desperate, with hot tears like a broken line of beads, from the cheeks constantly rolling down...<br />
<br />
第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看一看就会明白的。”<br />
<br />
The next day, the aunt put a magazine in front of Lanying: "This is what I found from the library, you will understand if you read it."<br />
<br />
这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到一篇文章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的一小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的题目——<br />
<br />
It was a magazine of ''Fine Arts'' published in that year. With trembling hands, Lanying opened the pages and found an article. The article criticized an oil painting by Yuan Yunsheng and included a photo of it. What was that? The painting was shrunken into a small and pitiful piece that could not be seen clearly. The girl finally found the title of the painting--<br />
<br />
水乡记忆<br />
<br />
Memory of the Water Town<br />
<br />
“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
<br />
"It’s okay. It’s okay. It would burn if you continue frying it."<br />
<br />
“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
<br />
"Be gentle, don't let others hear it."<br />
<br />
“我先尝尝——哈,又香又脆!”<br />
<br />
"Let me taste it first--ha, it’s delicious and crispy!"<br />
<br />
“放开肚皮吧 ,反正不花钱……”<br />
<br />
"Tuck in. It doesn’t cost money anyway…"<br />
<br />
袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng lying in bed, heard the laughter, the sizzle of boiling oil, and the greedy sound of chewing from next door, along with the aroma of fried oil cakes, keeping him awake at night. <br />
<br />
这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择一处乡土气息浓厚的地区深入生活 ,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓库隔壁的一间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传口号消失了,生理本能在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是一出率先占有填充材料的喜剧。<br />
<br />
This was the warehouse of the production team, located in a small town near Suzhou. Not long ago, Yuan Yunsheng returned to the Central Academy of Fine Arts from Shuangqiao Farm, and got back to Professor Dong Xiwen's studio to learn from him. The teacher suggested him to choose an area with a strong local flavor to plunge into the thick of life, collecting materials for his graduation work. He came to a town in the regions south of the Yangtze River and was assigned to a hut next to the production team's warehouse as the accommodation. It was a time of national economic hardship, and the water town, which was praised as “the earthly paradise", was also facing the threat of starvation. The fanatical slogan that was once popular disappeared and physiological instincts took effect in people, which was first shown in the town's cadres. In order to fill a few people’s bellies, they went harm to the group, compressing others’ bellies. The late-night performance was a comedy of being the first to take possession of the filling material.<br />
<br />
袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng rolled over in bed, causing a few rats to crawl out beside the pillow and hop around on him.<br />
<br />
“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
<br />
"There’s a noise!" The man next door said, "Should we ask that painter to come?"<br />
<br />
“别理他!”<br />
<br />
"Don’t mind him!"<br />
<br />
……<br />
<br />
这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预一下也无可厚非 。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
<br />
This was the material of real life! Paint it. Since "art was subordinate to politics", there was nothing wrong with intervening in such life. The painter lay in bed, his heart flowing with the feeling of concerning for the country and the people.<br />
<br />
然而,夜间的梦寐 并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
<br />
However, the dream at night did not leave the painter with a deep impression. He had his own understanding of the function of art. He came here for pursuit of the beauty in life, and the dust of life could not cloud the artist's heart of gold. The place he went to during the day gave satisfaction to his pursuit. A few weeks later, he returned to Beijing with everything that he wanted.<br />
<br />
回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,一股不可遏制的创作冲动驱使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去一个晚上的时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
<br />
One day after returning to Beijing, he leaned on his bed and thought after dinner. An uncontrollable impulse of creation drove him to pick up the brush and readily draw on the draft paper, the tip of the brush as smooth as floating clouds and flowing water. In only one night, he sketched out his graduation work.<br />
<br />
他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
<br />
He took the sketch to visit Teacher Dong Xiwen. The teacher looked at it and said: "I think it is distinctive. The workload is not small. Get on with it!"<br />
<br />
他把行李卷、画布和油彩,一股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上一摊,不分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
<br />
He moved the bedding roll, canvases and oil paints into the large warehouse of the college. This warehouse was used to store large-scale cultural relics, including a tall stone camel, an excavated stone horse and a stone tiger in front of the tomb of the Han Dynasty general Huo Qubing. The floor was covered with thick dust, and the walls were covered with cobwebs, like a gloomy old castle. He spread the bedding roll on the floor, and worked day and night. The stone tiger and horse watched a young painter working like a maniac. Two months later, Yuan Yunsheng asked someone to help him lift out a huge oil painting.<br />
<br />
这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
<br />
The painting was titled ''Memory of the Water Town''.<br />
<br />
《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优 ”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的分数都不肯给。<br />
<br />
''Memory of the Water Town'' became the topic of conversation in the circle of art. The doyens of painting such as Dong Xiwen, Ye Qianyu and Huang Yongyu praised it, who argued that his graduation grade should be “excellent”. Some others shook their heads and frowned, refusing to give him even a passing grade.<br />
<br />
水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
<br />
What was the memory of the water town for the young painter?<br />
<br />
画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
<br />
In the picture is a small bridge common in Suzhou, which is the style of traditional architectural left over from the Ming Dynasty, with exquisite structure, decorated with delicate sculpted reliefs. The two sides of the bridge show the houses, streets and the lively scene of the market trading during the Spring Festival.<br />
<br />
看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。一个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开一张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。一个淳朴的小女孩刚才卖掉一只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着一桩桩美好的故事——人们在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
<br />
Look, there are people setting up the stage for Beijing opera performance, there are people selling New Year's pictures, and there are people selling grain and vegetables, so lively. A beautiful country girl spreads out a newspaper at her feet and sets bunches of flowers on it, expecting people to visit. A simple little girl has just sold a lamb. Perhaps because the cute little animal was fed by her hands when growing up, she sees it being taken away, showing a look of melancholy... With the strong national style and local customs and practices, the painter drew hundreds of lifelike characters, around the stone bridge to tell good stories -- people exchanged their results of hard work a year here, and were pleased and gratified by the rich and colorful folk recreations.<br />
<br />
桥下是一泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
<br />
Under the bridge is clear, rippling and sparkling. The dark-awninged boats, small wooden boats and barges carrying purchases for the Spring Festival are so close to each other, and brush past the others. The boatmen are all humble, avoiding each other, and quickly giving the way for the neighboring boats. A young man lies leisurely on the bow of the boat, the sunlight sprinkling over his face, and thinks with a vision of the future…<br />
<br />
这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举世无双的韧性——走向明天!<br />
<br />
Weren’t the small bridge and the river the reappearance of our national features! Our nation suffered a lot, and was at a very difficult time; however, our indomitable national spirit was not destroyed by the disaster. We were strong, confident and optimistic, emphasized courtesy, and maintained great dignity, with a slow rhythm, calm pace, and resilience that was unparalleled in the world--towards tomorrow!<br />
<br />
谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
<br />
Who could have guessed that the original idea of this painting was conceived in that hut in the water town, that shady with mice hopping around, adjacent to the evil. What a contrast between the hard work of the people, the innocence of the painter, and the greed, selfishness and deceit just a wall away! The painter brushed away the shadows of life, and used painting language to express his deep love for his country and people with good wishes. This was the self-analysis of the painter's mind and character!<br />
<br />
当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩 ,年画的敦厚朴实和壁画的装饰趣味。<br />
<br />
When ''Memory of the Water Town'' was put on public display, hanging in the auditorium of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, the response from the audience was enthusiastic. Some people left comments, some took pictures, and some copied it. Just in terms of its innovation in artistic style, people were amazed by it. The author put aside the "three unities" of plot devices of Western oil painting and the traditional perspective rules, and adopted the ingenious technique of cavalier perspective of Chinese painting, so as to make the independent stories on the picture blend together. When portraying the characters, the author masterly used the tools of Western oil painting, boldly used line modeling, and absorbed the exaggeration of the ancient art of pottery figurines to depict images of the figures with different expressions. The painting had the splendor and magnificence of oil painting, the exact delineation and heavy colors of Chinese painting, the sincerity and simplicity of New Year’s picture and the decorative interest of fresco. <br />
<br />
把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为一炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿了吧！<br />
<br />
It was the author's dream to integrate the ancient and modern, Chinese and Western painting arts into one. His dream should come true!<br />
<br />
但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
<br />
However, the fate of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was suddenly reversed, which was taken off the wall of the exhibition hall and thrown into the garbage dump where scraps were stored. Later, a young man who loved table tennis found its value and dragged it behind the table to use it as a baffle to block the ball. Later, a student from the art history department felt bad for it and secretly cut it down with a scissor, folded it up, and pressed it under the bed in the dormitory. However, the college reported it to the police in panic, bringing in the comrades in the department of public safety to enter the college to reconnoiter, as if searching for an indecent prohibited thing. Finally, the enthusiastic collector had to hand it over, and the campus loudspeaker immediately broadcasted that it was "another victory in paying great attention to class struggle".<br />
<br />
离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着一堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的路口只亮着一盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
<br />
Was it bizarre? Not really. The climate was changing, three years of hardship passed, the fairs trade in the countryside was banned, and the days of hunger were forgotten. Today's politics made new requirements on yesterday's art, and it was time for the painter to be spanked. The author of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was faced with lots of questions that he could never answer: Why didn't you paint a tractor? Why didn't you paint the wheat field with a good harvest? Why didn't paint… Among all the criticisms, no one had ever accused him of not painting the scene next door that night, though such phenomena were a well-known fact. There was only one green light at the intersection of literary criticism: turning left. The artist who stayed true to the art went straight ahead and was denounced as being too "right".<br />
<br />
中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出作者的艺术才能。”<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, once said with emotion: "If this painting had not been damaged, and had been put on display, I can predict that the audience would have rehabilitated him. Even in this tentative work, we can see the artistic talent of the author."<br />
<br />
只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世——其中也包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, the remains of the painting couldn’t be found. The only memorial it had left was a pathetically small picture, accompanied by a critical article that sounded plausible, published in a corner of ''Fine Arts''. The painter should feel honored that it was the first time his work had been made into a zincograph, and printed, spreading around the world--including the one in front of Lanying.<br />
<br />
月台边<br />
<br />
At the Edge of the Platform<br />
<br />
兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
<br />
The second morning Lanying spent in Hangzhou was the most painful time for her.<br />
<br />
阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子 ,还会累及子女。<br />
<br />
The aunt stood beside her as her guardian, and pointed to the magazine as if she had found a powerful proof. The aunt said that a man like Yuan Yunsheng would not correct his mistake, and others would not tolerate him. It would be a lifelong mistake to combine with him, never seeing the light in the future and implicating the children.<br />
<br />
那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘与画家结合 的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
<br />
The magazine did not frighten the girl’s love away, but made her feel the seriousness of the problem. It seemed that it was not only the aunt, the college, but also the whole society that prevented her from being bound with the painter. It seemed that everyone except the girl was cursing him and splashing dirty water on the painter. Did the girl still have the courage to go towards him? Talking about the future children, those innocent babies that would follow the adults and spend their whole life in the mud, Lanying's heart was softened.<br />
<br />
这是一场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
<br />
It was an irresistible spiritual siege. Lanying hunched over the table and burst into tears…<br />
<br />
阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效力,递过一支笔、一张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
<br />
Seeing the effect of her good intention, the aunt handed over a pen and a piece of paper: "Writing him a letter and making it clear, you’ll feel comfortable. If he really loves you, he will not give you trouble again…"<br />
<br />
兰英接过纸笔。<br />
<br />
Lanying took the paper and pen.<br />
<br />
她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家能够得到另一个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后一个字,信纸上满是斑斑泪痕。<br />
<br />
She wrote a very firm statement, cutting off communication with the painter, and didn’t explain anything. She took the responsibility, saying that she was willing to pay the lifelong price for her impulse and would never get married again. In her letter, she wished the painter to get another girl who would love him as much as she did… When she finished the letter, it was blotted with tears.<br />
<br />
阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
<br />
The aunt took it over to have a look and sighed: "Look, the handwriting was wet with tears. It’ll make him suspect that you are not really want to break up with him ......"<br />
<br />
“本来就是被迫的！”兰英没好气地说。<br />
<br />
"It was forced!" Lanying said angrily.<br />
<br />
阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
<br />
The aunt finally got the written pledge and was relieved, sealing the envelope with her own hands, sticking a stamp on it, and taking it to the post office.<br />
<br />
兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将把信撕得粉碎,一赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下 ,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净……<br />
<br />
Lanying returned to Suzhou from Hangzhou, and felt every day like a year, repeatedly imagining the painter's reaction. The painter would be furious, wouldn’t he? Lanying really did not want to add a new scar to the painter's heart, which had been badly wounded, so she did not write irritating words in the letter. But the painter would understand the reason for the change. The letter had already constituted a contempt and insult to him. Would he rip it up and decide not to write back in a fit of anger? Or would he bow to his fate and fall into a depression? Or, the girl's worries were superfluous. Men were men, who were easy come and easy go. He would wipe the girl out of his memory, completely forgetting her.<br />
<br />
兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
<br />
The last thing that Lanying wanted to happen was the latter situation.<br />
<br />
画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
<br />
The painter wrote back with stiff words. He agreed to break up, without a hint of a pleading tone, with only one last condition, asking Lanying to come to Changchun and explain the reason face to face.<br />
<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
<br />
Like hearing an echo from an empty valley, Lanying ran into the college office clasping the letter.<br />
<br />
姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
<br />
The girl placed the letter on the table and said: "Please allow me to go to Changchun."<br />
<br />
对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
<br />
After reading the painter's letter, the other party looked up and asked, "Is this the last meeting?"<br />
<br />
“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
<br />
"Yes." The girl said, "We're very determined."<br />
<br />
学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
<br />
The college could not say the reason for refusing the girl and let her go. On the day of the girl’s departure, the school made a long-distance call to Changchun, asking the painter's unit to cooperate and pay attention to the actions of Lanying and the painter, promoting both sides to break off the relationship.<br />
<br />
火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人头攒动的月台上,她一眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
<br />
The train was flying along, the vast fields passing outside the window. The girl was anxious. She was longing for the scenery of the Northeast in her dream before, but this journey didn’t leave any impression on her. She only remembered the moment the train arrived in Changchun, when she saw the painter with a pale face at a glance on the crowded platform.<br />
<br />
兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
<br />
When Lanying stepped out of the train, the painter was coming up. He still held the sketchbook in his hand, pretending to be calm. However, his tired and dark look, holding back great pain, could not escape the girl's keen eyes. It was exactly what the girl hoped to see, and a thrill of joy rose in her heart. <br />
<br />
画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
<br />
The painter stopped at the edge of the platform, keeping a few steps from the girl.<br />
<br />
“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
<br />
"Please answer now," the painter's voice was like the low roar of a wild animal, "why do you change your mind? Why do you bend to the will of others?"<br />
<br />
姑娘把旅行袋往前一递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听懂是什么意思。<br />
<br />
The girl handed her travel bag forward: "Do you think I come to Changchun to negotiate with you?" The painter was stunned, not understanding what it meant.<br />
<br />
“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑一趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
<br />
"You fool! If I want to break up with you, do I need to come all the way here?" The girl smiled sweetly, "There is a long way to go, and you need to be tested!"<br />
<br />
明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解——那些无尽无休的劝说、挑唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
<br />
The bright sunlight returned to the painter's face. He even forgot to pick up the girl's bag, and was so excited that he didn’t know what to do. The girl dodged back a little, really afraid that the guy who lost his mind in front of him would throw himself into her arms in full view of a large crowd with no regard for the customs of the country… The consensus reached the Changchun negotiation--those endless persuasions, instigation and restraint were really tiresome that decisive actions had to be taken to get rid of it.<br />
<br />
兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同财产,是一条印花双人床单。在一间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
<br />
Lanying and the painter married in the summer vacation after graduation. The wedding was held in Changchun, without relatives officiating, and classmates congratulating. The only gift they received was a blouse given by Yuan Yunfu to his sister-in-law; the new common property was a printed double bed sheet. In a temporary borrowed hut, they performed a solemn ceremony of life. Lanying spent her honeymoon in disassembling and washing the bedding for the former bachelor. The short honeymoon ended as Lanying's reporting date approached.<br />
<br />
人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
<br />
The Queen Mother of the world was not willing to give in after all, and deliberately laid a galaxy between them.<br />
<br />
兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽容——除了东北三省之外,其他任何一个城市都行。实心眼儿的 姑娘把手指放在地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
<br />
Lanying's place of work was chosen from the map. When she was assigned after graduation, the college gave her lenient conditions--any city except the three provinces of the northeast. The honest girl put her finger on the map and found the nearest place to the Northeast along the railway line. Her finger crossed Beijing, Tianjin, and rested on a small circle south of Shanhaiguan: Tangshan. She thought that it was the ideal crossing of the Milky Way on earth.<br />
<br />
她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着一块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生活无法自理。直到这时,她才感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
<br />
Not long after she arrived in Tangshan, she was caught in an "unprecedented" storm. With marches, rebellions, and two factions fighting with each other with machetes and spears, the whole city fell into primitive tribal strife. Lanying was alone and lived in uncertainty in troubled times. The annual visits to her husband comforted her a little in spirit. Later, she was pregnant. The overwork and poor living conditions caused Lanying to suffer from lumbar spine strain. Her back was like carrying a heavy iron plate, and she couldn’t roll over in bed. There was no one to make fires in the house, and the flimsy door and windows could not withstand the cold wind. The lumbar disease made her stiff and unable to take care of herself. By this time, she felt that she needed her husband by her side so much…<br />
<br />
画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到一份工作,又赶到唐山,好不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户口的证件。至此,他们已经两地分居六年了。<br />
<br />
The painter went around and asked, and finally found a job for his wife in a hospital in Changchun, and then rushed to Tangshan. With difficulty, he passed many hurdles and got the documents to switch his wife’s job and transfer her registered permanent residence. So far, they had been living apart for six years.<br />
<br />
兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西——优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。耿耿 银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
<br />
When Lanying sat on the train, the platform in Changchun moving in front of her eyes again, she could not help but have mixed feelings. For six years, she lost a lot of things out of her own volition--a bright future in politics, a beautiful youth and excellent conditions. The corners of her pretty eyes were covered with worry lines, and her beautiful cheeks became sallow with a gaunt appearance. She paid a huge price for the ordinary life of ordinary people, and a charge of "the family member of a rightist whose hat was taken off”. The Milky Way was in front of her, and there were the same strict rituals in heaven and on earth. <br />
<br />
陋室铭<br />
<br />
The Humble Room<br />
<br />
破木桌上摊开一张纸片,一只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
<br />
A piece of paper was spread out on the broken wooden table, and a small hand holding the brush, applied watercolor to the paper. Round, square and irregular blocks of color appeared under the brush, representing different still life: the round one was a washtub, the square one was an old wooden box, and the irregular one was a diaper on a clothesline…<br />
<br />
这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
<br />
It was the artist's son sketching. He was born in Changchun, and no matter how difficult the path of his parents' life was, he grew up according to the laws of nature, until he was old enough to grasp a brush with his little hand. <br />
<br />
小屋只有14平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, 一排大连铺占去三分之二的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
<br />
The house was only 14 square meters. A little sister added to the family, and four of them were crammed into a small space, with a large bed taking up two thirds of the area. The broken wooden table in front of the window was the dad's workbench at ordinary times, and the son's bed at night. The rest of the space was for cooking and washing clothes, and there was no extra space.<br />
<br />
眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
<br />
The artist's son had painted the scene in front of him more than once, which was his first subject of contact with life. This lovely third generation in new China repeatedly painted with the most beautiful colors in his young mind, and had accumulated dozens of sketches. Whenever the neighbors came to visit, he would take out his works and show them off in front of them. However, the comments he heard were very disappointing: "Alas, Lanying, why does your precious son only paint the slums?"<br />
<br />
兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
<br />
Lanying gave a wry smile. What could she say? All her son painted were things in her house.<br />
<br />
兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头一样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
<br />
After Lanying moved to Changchun, she took on heavy housework and lived a hard life. She was used to eating ready-made meals in the canteen before, and never cooked; by this time, she was distressed to find that it was more difficult to steam the corn cake without turning souring than to perform a surgical operation in the hospital. For a long time, the steamed corn cakes, steamed bread of corn and steamed buns that the whole family ate were unbearably sour and hard like stones. The children still gobbled them up as if they natively tasted like that.<br />
<br />
家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱一个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭 。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
<br />
The family's finances were tight. The total income of two college graduates could not keep up with the increase of family members and the rise of commodity prices. The son was lucky enough to eat cake for a few days when he was a child. When it was the daughter's turn, the parents could no longer afford to buy cakes, so they had to buy bread that was a dime per piece to give the children a treat. Later, the parents brought home discounted black bread. Even so, the children were so happy, smiling from ear to ear.<br />
<br />
他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
<br />
They pinched and scraped, but still spent more than their income. At the end of every month, Lanying and the painter would empty out their pockets face to face.<br />
<br />
“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, we haven't bought the meat for this month yet." Lanying said.<br />
<br />
“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
<br />
"Let’s buy it." The painter said, "It's Sunday. It’s time to improve a meal."<br />
<br />
妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服口袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
<br />
The wife had been penniless for a while. The painter turned his pockets inside out to scrap up enough money to buy a catty of meat.<br />
<br />
儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
<br />
The son, who had already prepared a small snow sled and waited there, took the money and ran away with joy.<br />
<br />
过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
<br />
After a while, the son's cheer came from the door: "Come on, the meat is bought back!"<br />
<br />
画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
<br />
The painter and his wife ran out to greet it, but they were stunned: "Where's the meat?"<br />
<br />
儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚才他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤肉颠得没影了……<br />
<br />
My son looked back and saw that the snow sled was empty. He was too happy and run too fast, the catty of meat tossed away…<br />
<br />
“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
<br />
As the "buyer" had never failed in his duty, he became downhearted this time. The painter and Lanying had to comfort their son, holding his embarrassed little face and laughing.<br />
<br />
儿子也笑了。一场精神上的欢笑 代替了假日的会餐。<br />
<br />
The son laughed too. A time of mirth in spirit replaced the holiday meal.<br />
<br />
在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, the so-called "spiritual aristocrats" were finding jobs for themselves. Some decorated the facade of restaurants and hotels, painting some pictures to exchange bottles of wine and whole cases of fish. Some were busy with their household sidelines, producing modern furniture by hand. Others worked as art tutors, and if the students they taught had good backgrounds, their situations would soon be improved. But Yuan Yunsheng did not get any "extra money" and did not look for a way out. He was very busy. He worked during the day, honestly completing the tasks given to him and trying not to be faulted; after he came back home at night, he indulged in painting, steeping himself in his beloved art, and didn’t have time to do the housework.<br />
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在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似的想点办法?”<br />
<br />
At the most difficult time for the family, Lanying said to Yunsheng in a tentative tone, "Could you think of some ways like others?"<br />
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“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
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"Think of what?" The painter asked in amazement.<br />
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“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合过得去……”<br />
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"I don't ask for anything more." The wife said, "I mean, if possible, to make life at home barely get by..."<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
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The husband shook his head: "There is a way. But that would wreck my art!"<br />
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妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题一搁,永远不再提起。<br />
<br />
The wife knew the weight of the word "art" in her husband's heart. The subject was put aside, and never mentioned again.<br />
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兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥一顿饱一顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣服洗一洗吧。”<br />
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Lanying was sick from exhaustion, tortured by the pain of lumbar spine strain, and sometimes had to stay in bed. Whenever it happened, the sky of the family collapsed and everything was in chaos. The whole family ate erratically; when the children's clothes were dirty, they didn’t have others to change; the sheets were splattered with the painter's oil, like a canvas of an abstract painter... As a medical worker, Lanying had minimum requirements for sanitation. She could not tolerate it anymore, lying in bed and commending the painter: "Wash the sheets and clothes today."<br />
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“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干一场。<br />
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"Okay." The husband obediently put down the brush and rolled up his sleeves as if he was about to get some things done.<br />
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他把床单和衣服泡了满满一盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他一忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;一忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
<br />
He soaked a full tub of sheets and clothes. As he washed, his hands on the washboard slowed down, and his eyes rested on the opposite wall. There hung a new painting, with the oil not yet dry. One minute he tilted his head sideways, looking pleased with himself; the next he frowned, as if he had found something unsatisfactory.<br />
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他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
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He stood up sharply, wiped his soapy hands on his breast, took a brush, and jumped on the bench, making some changes on the painting.<br />
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兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过一丝苦笑。<br />
<br />
Lanying lay on the bed, with a wry smile flitting across the corner of his mouth.<br />
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画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
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The painter jumped off the bench and went back to the washtub. After a while, he couldn't help looking up at the wall again...<br />
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一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,一共跳了多少次?”<br />
<br />
The day passed. He finally finished washing a tub of clothes, taking more than seven hours on it, and did not have time to cook. The whole family was hungry. Lanying, angry and amused, asked humorously, "Hey, how many times did you jump up and down from the bench?"<br />
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画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
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The painter shook his head blankly.<br />
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兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪——整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
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Lanying said: "You do not remember. I counted it for you--twenty times! Oh, what am I gonna do about you? When doing housework, you are lazy than anyone; when picking up the brush, you are more diligent than anyone..."<br />
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天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入睡;儿子一沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另一只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
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It was dark, and snow fell heavily outside the window, like tearing the cotton wool. Lanying, looking at the ceiling, wasn’t able to sleep; as soon as her son touched the pillow, he fell into a sound and sweet sleep. In the other corner of the hut, under the dim light, the painter was rocking his daughter with one hand, while the other hand was holding a brush and painting. He hummed an improvised lullaby, the song echoing softly in the hut...<br />
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漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
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They spent many nights like this in the long winter.<br />
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兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为一个正直的画家的妻子的全部甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
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The husband’s humming rang in Lanying’s ears, and she silently sank in thought. When she first fell in love with him, she admired his integrity and loyalty to art. Now, she had experienced all the joys and sorrows of being the wife of an upright painter. He was content with being poor and lonely. He didn’t have a normal family life, couldn’t see the light at the end of the tunnel, only asking for work, not the harvest... Who but his wife really understood him? He not only was not understood by the society, but he was also identified as a bad man, with sticks always waving above his head. Whenever thinking of these, the pain of the poor couple's disharmony dissipated, and the wife's heart turned into a spring water, full of female tenderness.<br />
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她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
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She thought, if two people shared the housework, they would get nothing done. Even if she had a terrible backache tomorrow, she had to bite the bullet and get up, bearing the heavy load of housework...<br />
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车轮下<br />
<br />
Under the Wheels<br />
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袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
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Yuan Yunsheng slept late at night and when he rubbed his eyes the next morning, it was already broad daylight outside the window. "Shit!" He dressed frantically, "I'll be late again..."<br />
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兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为一家人做早饭。<br />
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Lanying had already got up, enduring the back pain, and was making breakfast for the family.<br />
<br />
画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
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The painter asked in amazement, "Who told you to get up? You are not well yet!"<br />
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兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺一躺。”画家匆匆吃过早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
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Lanying said, "It's nothing, I'm still on sick leave anyway. I can still lie down after you leave." The painter hurriedly ate the breakfast, pushed the bicycle and rushed out the door.<br />
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在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过一场大雪,北风一刮,马路上结着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
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In Changchun, it was the season when dripping water turned into ice and the breath from the mouth immediately turned to frost. After a heavy snowfall, and when the north wind blew, the roads were thick with ice. The trees on the roadside were covered with silver flowers, and the buildings shone with a dazzling silver glow like a richly decorated jade palace.<br />
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画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命 的时刻。<br />
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The painter was very anxious. Early in the morning, for others was the beginning of the day's work, but for him was the continuation of the night's work. The turn of day and night was the moment when he was busy running around and exhausted.<br />
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人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
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How many ordeals there were in life! Social, natural and accidental...<br />
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穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽听一阵隆隆的马达声。一辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
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Through a street, there was a busy intersection ahead, cars running like the tide. He rode forward cautiously, and suddenly heard a rumble of motors. A reckless truck crossed the intersection, refusing to slow down, as if there was no one else there. <br />
With fast speed, slippery ground, and without preparation, the painter had been too late to dodge it. A crush with a sound of bang, the painter flew far away with the car and fell to the ground. Just then, another truck came from the opposite side, and the painter was passed under the wheels of the truck like a ball...<br />
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街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
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When the people in the street saw this scene of tragedy, they screamed and froze there.<br />
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卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
<br />
The truck driver lost his composure, forgetting to brake in the panic, and putting his right foot on the accelerator and drove on. The truck's big wheels ran over the bicycle, the steel frame uttered a short groan, and the bicycle seat was crushed into a ball. The truck kept going towards the painter.<br />
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这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸口一轧,就算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
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It was a moment of pain, a moment of approaching death. It was over. As soon as the car rolled over his chest, his life was over. He had suffered repeatedly on the road of life, and had never been willing to give in to the fate, but this time he was afraid that he would not be able to escape. He left his beloved art, his wife and children, and died meaninglessly...<br />
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按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同情——预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头——抗争！<br />
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According to Goethe, people could only have three feelings about their own sufferings and that of others: fear, terror and sympathy--the anxiety of foreseeing the coming catastrophe, the unexpected discovery of current suffering and the sympathy for the suffering of the time or the past. However, the painter, who fell under the wheel, had none of these three feelings in the hazy consciousness that flashed through his mind. Even at such a moment, he showed his stubborn character, and had only one strong thought--to struggle!<br />
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接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
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What happened next was unbelievable to the startled roadside pedestrians. They saw the body that fell under the truck suddenly straightened up, stretching out a pair of arms, and clinging to the front bumper of the truck. The truck roared and shook, as if to destroy the barrier; the person under the wheels struggled, slid, and refused to give up. People in the streets of Changchun saw a scene of flesh and blood stubbornly fighting with the steel monster.<br />
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“千万不能倒下！”画家想,“一倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
<br />
"I must not fall down!" The painter thought, "If I fall down, I'll never get up again..."<br />
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卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
<br />
The truck dragged the painter along the icy road, for 5 meters, 10 meters... Until the driver regained his normal reflexes, he hit the brake, overcoming the car's inertia.<br />
<br />
画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
<br />
The painter was injured seriously and his clothes were torn into ragged strips. He was taken to the hospital.<br />
<br />
抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天才清醒过来。<br />
<br />
When Lanying, who was sick at home, heard the news, there was a buzz in her head, and she felt that the sky was spinning, and her legs went limp. It took her a long time to wake.<br />
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兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾一切地赶到医院。存车的时候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙怎么也拔不出来。<br />
<br />
Lanying got on her bicycle and, not knowing where she got the strength, she rushed to the hospital regardless. When she stored the car, she lost strength again. She could hardly look at the hospital door, her hands were shaking, and she could not pull the key out.<br />
<br />
存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚才进医院的时候,自己还能走路。”<br />
<br />
The old lady at the parking lots recognized Lanying: "You are Yuan's lover, right? Don't be afraid. He just walked into the hospital by himself."<br />
<br />
兰英这才觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
<br />
Lanying felt relieved now.<br />
<br />
兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫妻双双躺在床上。<br />
<br />
Lanying took her husband home to recover from his injuries. After this mental stimulation, the sick wife’s body was heavier. Both the couple lay in bed.<br />
<br />
孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和女儿一人捧回一包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
<br />
The child was left unattended. Lanying took out a few cents and asked the children to buy food. After a while, the son and daughter each brought back a packet of cookies, standing by the bed with tears in their eyes.<br />
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儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
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The son said, "Dad, eat this."<br />
<br />
女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
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The daughter said, "Daddy, eat mine."<br />
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兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿......<br />
<br />
Lanying took the children into her arms, wiping away the tears on their little faces for both of them. The children understood the family situation and tasted the desolation and fears of life too soon. Lanying only regrated that she couldn’t have more money to give her husband and children a little spiritual and physical compensation...<br />
<br />
画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰问。他们留下一百块钱赔偿经济损失——画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
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While the painter was recovering from his injuries, the driver who caused the accident and the head of his unit came to his house to apologize and express sympathy. They left a hundred yuan to compensate for the economic loss--the painter's clothes, bicycle and medical expenses.<br />
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客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
<br />
After the guests left, the painter sat on the bed, deep in thought.<br />
<br />
兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看一眼也令人伤心。<br />
<br />
Lanying looked at the pile of money and sighed sadly. Because her husband got it by escaping from death, she was sad even by glancing at it.<br />
<br />
画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
<br />
The painter suddenly got out of bed and paced around the house.<br />
<br />
“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, are you crazy?" His wife said with the tone of blame, "Your leg is not yet healed. Back to bed!"<br />
<br />
画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民——我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去！”<br />
<br />
The painter walked up to his wife, his eyes shining with excitement, "Look, I can walk! You know, I haven't gone out to paint for a long time, because I don't have that condition. How I long for the grassland in northern Shaanxi, the rushing Yellow River, and the people there--I'll take this money and go to Yan'an to paint from life!"<br />
<br />
这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是一个贫病交困的人的最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对一些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那样遥远,拼着性命才能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
<br />
This was the voice in the heart of the artist who just got up from under the wheel! This was the highest hope of a poor and sick man! His request was so limited, which didn’t matter to some people, but was so far away for him, who needed to fight for it with his life. Lanying felt like her chest was hit hard, with her heart burning, and ran out of words. She looked at her husband's sincere face, and understood it. Now that it could bring joy and satisfaction to him who longed to paint, then let him go.<br />
<br />
数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
<br />
A few days later, Yuan Yunsheng, dragging his unhealed body, carrying a heavy pack and painting tools, set off on a snowy and windy road with his wife's affectionate gaze...<br />
<br />
袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng went through difficulties on the trip to northern Shaanxi. As months went by, his face was engraved with the marks of the plateau sun and sandstorms, and he returned home with his bag full of sketches.<br />
<br />
袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,一举一动都受到街道居委会的监视。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing, he went to see Jiang Feng. At that time, the air in Beijing was suffocating. Jiang Feng was over 60 years old, whose situation was even worse than before. He lived alone in a messy compound, and his every move was monitored by the street committee.<br />
<br />
袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没有什么值得高兴的——中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路线走一遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng sat in front of the past the secretary of the Party Committee, bringing recent news of the old areas of northern Shaanxi. The news was nothing to cheer about--the People's Republic of China had been founded for more than twenty years, and everywhere he went along the route of the Red Army’s strategic shift, the people were still living in poverty. The young painter declaimed against the country’s failings, but suddenly thought that the walls have ears, and worried about the situation of the old man, so he dropped the subject and quietly looked at Jiang Feng.<br />
<br />
江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上挂着一幅画框,嵌着一张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng listened peacefully, looking calm, and had not intention of stopping him. On the wall behind him hung a framed sketch, which was exactly the one that Yuan Yunsheng painted for Jiang Feng in the Shuangqiao farm ten years ago. The old man maintained his inherent dignity as usual, and was a true tough man. Yuan Yunsheng experienced once again the spiritual power that calmed people down.<br />
<br />
袁运生打开画夹,把一组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng opened the portfolio and placed a group of sketches of people in northern Shaanxi in front of Jiang Feng, including a shepherd with a wrinkled face, a young people with a cold gaze showing disdain for everything, and a rural girl with her head bowed in contemplation... These characters were real and simple, with distinctive characters, and the unprovoked, unintelligible or artificial smiles that often appeared in general paintings could not be found on their faces. He painted the unique temperament of the people in northern Shaanxi.<br />
<br />
“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
<br />
"No one will publish these pictures if you take them out now." Jiang Feng said, "Maybe if you lose sincerity, you will get praise. But I think you are on the right way. The artist can't cater to the mass!"<br />
<br />
袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手一丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out another long scroll of landscape, 68 centimeters wide and more than 400 centimeters long. This painting depicted the lofty Jiaji Pagoda, the flowing water of the Yellow River that broke the ice, and the vast plateau scenery. It took him two whole days to stand in the cold wind and meticulously paint it with his frozen hands, and the strokes were rigorous and majestic.<br />
<br />
画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于1974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
<br />
In one corner of the picture were noted a few lines of small characters: "Written two days after painting at the end of December 1974, when the Yellow River water just broke the ice and flowed on."<br />
<br />
江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他说:“呵,黄河!一泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声音……"<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng extremely liked it after looking at it. The familiar scenery in northern Shaanxi in the picture evoked the strong feelings of the veteran of Yan’an. He said, "Oh, Yellow River! Flowing down vigorously, rushing and surging, and stirring up lofty high raging waves. I seem to hear its voice again..."<br />
<br />
春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了!<br />
<br />
The day finally came like the spring water breaking through the ice and fire erupting from the heart of the earth!<br />
<br />
担担画<br />
<br />
Shoulder Pole Painting<br />
<br />
“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
<br />
When the "Gang of Four" disappeared from political life, the art world burst into life.<br />
<br />
美术界一些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头角,施展才华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是一个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。这个磨砺精深的艺术家，就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
<br />
Some upright men in the art world sympathized with Yuan Yunsheng, whose talent had been buried for many years, and hoped that he could show his talent again. Zhang Ding, the president of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, wrote specially to recommend him to paint. Fei Zheng, who was now the vice chairman of the Hebei Art Association, also made an effort to help him. However, all these efforts were mildly rebuffed and turned back by various excuses. It was clear that Yuan Yunsheng's name was still an ominous thing, subject to indifference and discrimination. This artist with superb painting skills did not even have the opportunity to draw a comic book.<br />
<br />
乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
<br />
Even when it's warmer there is still a chill. It is most difficult to keep well.<br />
<br />
在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,一头不驯服的长发如垂下万根烦恼丝 。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
<br />
In his humble room in Changchun, Yuan Yunsheng was drawing a portrait of himself with a brush in his hand in front of a mirror. A head full of sadness appeared on the sketch, with deep creases, a weed-like beard, and long untamed hair such as hanging down ten thousand trouble silk. His hair was very long and he didn’t have time to care about it, so rarely trimmed it. This appearance, from the personality of the art, matched the painter's difficult state of mind and stubborn temperament... He was nearly forty years old. Since the criticism of ''Memory of the Water Town'', he had not painted a picture according to his own will for more than ten years. How could it not make him have thousands of trouble silk!<br />
<br />
他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
<br />
He threw down his paintbrush irritably and picked up a novel to kill time.<br />
<br />
兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
<br />
Every time Lanying returned home, she always asked with concern, "Yunsheng, have you got any news?"<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head, and the wife sighed.<br />
<br />
兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
<br />
Lanying was already a middle-aged woman. She gave birth to a third child and shouldered the burden of a family of five. On the family agenda, Lanying's main concern was still her husband's art. Art brought joy to her husband, and his joy was her joy. She also waited with the same anxiety.<br />
<br />
1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
<br />
In May 1978, the enthusiastic efforts of a few friends finally paid off, and Yuan Yunsheng got a chance to go out sketching in the beautiful Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province.<br />
<br />
他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了妻子,全家人像过节一样快乐。<br />
<br />
When he received the telegram from Yunnan People's Publishing House, he was ecstatically happy. He immediately told his wife this excellent thing and the whole family was happy just like at a festival.<br />
<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
<br />
His son asked curiously, "Dad, what does Xishuangbanna look like?"<br />
<br />
“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
<br />
"Beautiful!" He said with a smile, "I'll show you the picture I paint when I came back."<br />
<br />
女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
<br />
His daughter tugged at his coat: "Dad, what good things are there in Xishuangbanna?"<br />
<br />
“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
<br />
"There’s a lot of fruit." He stroked his daughter's head, "I'll buy some for you to eat."<br />
<br />
他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
<br />
He was busy packing and organizing his painting tools, making a big mess, and he could not wait to start on his way.<br />
<br />
兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying looked at the things spread all over the floor and asked in amazement: "Why do you bring so many things?"<br />
<br />
丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注一掷了!”<br />
<br />
Her husband said, "It's a rare opportunity, so I need to go for broke!"<br />
<br />
是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使一颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴一样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
<br />
Yes, this painter had been treated coldly for many years. If you think about his action of picking himself up from under the wheel and going to northern Shaanxi that year, you can understand his feelings at this moment. He was eager to go deeply into life and considered it more important than life. Now, a publishing unit sent a formal invitation to him, which made the heart of a man who was loyal to art ablaze like dry firewood.<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,一针针,一线线,直缝到天色薄明。<br />
<br />
In the evening, Lanying found some old cloth and sewed a backpack for her husband under the lamp, needle by needle, thread by thread, until the break of dawn.<br />
<br />
“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
<br />
"How long will you go this time?" Lanying asked.<br />
<br />
“三个月吧。”画家说,“你一个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
<br />
"About three months." The painter said, "Can you take after three children alone?"<br />
<br />
妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
<br />
The wife smiled: "I'm satisfied that you can think of my difficulties..."<br />
<br />
这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府——景洪。他被西双版纳惊人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁着珠光宝气。<br />
<br />
In May of that year, Yuan arrived at Jinghong, the capital of Xishuangbanna, on the banks of the Lancang River. He was deeply shocked by the amazing beauty of Xishuangbanna. When he looked up, everywhere was rich green, and everywhere was picturesque. <br />
The forest was as green as emerald, the valley was like being paved with green velvet, the river was like flowing congealed fat, and the moist air also felt like crystal. No wonder the Dai people compared Xishuangbanna to a shining jewel. The mountains and waters here were glittering with pearls.<br />
<br />
有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
<br />
Who could feel the beauty of life better than a painter? There were so many beautiful sceneries, as if he came to the paradise in hope. The creator of nature seemed to have a special love for this land and poured out the romantic colors of the world everywhere, so that he feasted his eyes on it and he was ecstatic!<br />
<br />
他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地 。招待所的服务人员很有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进一间中等客房。<br />
<br />
He checked in the Jinghong hostel and took a break, preparing to go deeper into the Xishuangbanna. The hostel staff received the painter politely, leading him into a moderate room.<br />
<br />
画家开口就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "How much does this room cost for one day?"<br />
<br />
服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
<br />
The staff said, "Two yuan and a half."<br />
<br />
“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
<br />
"Is there any room cheaper?"<br />
<br />
“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"There is one for seventy dimes a day."<br />
<br />
“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"Good! I’ll check in this room."<br />
<br />
他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下一步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
<br />
He was used to being careful with his money. When he left Changchun, he borrowed a limited amount of money from his unit. He spent a large part of it in the road, and the next economic source was still unknown... The painter plunged into the thick of life and everyone lived well, but he was willing to live in the bottom.<br />
<br />
幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
<br />
Fortunately, Fei Zheng supported him again, sending him 300 yuan from Hebei. This was three-quarters of Fei Zheng's demobilization fee. This timely and generous support gave Yuan Yunsheng the courage to move forward.<br />
<br />
云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
<br />
The Yunnan People's Publishing House assigned a young editor to accompany Yuan Yunsheng to paint. When the Dai boy came to meet him at the hostel, the painter took out everything he had brought from Changchun.<br />
<br />
好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有140多斤重。小伙子看了直抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
<br />
My goodness! The big wooden box contained 18 pieces of plywood, several big bundles of manuscript paper, and a backpack as big as a sack, which was stuffed with pigments, painting tools and daily necessities... They weighed more than 140 pounds altogether. The young man scratched the back of his head after looking at them. He couldn’t imagine how the painter carried them off the train and took them into the dense forests of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out a shoulder pole, smiling at the young man.<br />
<br />
瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
<br />
Look how proud he was, as if he wanted to take the natural scenery of Xishuangbanna into his bag. A few days later, he picked this bent shoulder pole, into the lush subtropical jungle...<br />
<br />
奏鸣曲<br />
<br />
Sonata<br />
<br />
瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
<br />
Look, that was the big banyan tree! Its crown was like clouds that could shelter against the sun, as a solemn and benevolent old grandmother.<br />
<br />
呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
<br />
Ah, that was the areca nut tree, straight and tall, and the local young men and women used it to symbolize everlasting love.<br />
<br />
那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝一样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
<br />
That was the sandalwood tree, whose branches and leaves were as thin as hair. It looked so dashing, like a poet reciting poetry with his hair hanging down.<br />
<br />
就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
<br />
Even the bamboo forest here was different. It was luxuriant and verdant, growing in clusters, like a peacock showing its tail.<br />
<br />
西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在一棵树前,一画就是一整天。<br />
<br />
The plants in Xishuangbanna were the most beautiful! The abundant sunshine and humid climate gave the plant population a particularly rich, dense, and graceful image. The world here was unparalleled, and was looked full of beautiful things. The painter had to suppress his excitement, to gather his feelings and to retain his feelings more precisely in a slower way. He stood in front of a tree and painte all day.<br />
<br />
“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
<br />
"Hey, what kind of tree is that?" The painter asked his fellow editor.<br />
<br />
“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
<br />
"It's called the pattra-leaf tree." The young man enthusiastically introduced, "The Dai people use its leaves instead of paper, and many ancient folklores are recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra."<br />
<br />
袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。每一笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理睬......<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng spread out the paper and painted the unique canopies of the pattra-leaf tree, which were in order, as if the tree wore an armor made of metal chains. Each brush stroke played its role, showing the vitality of green life in layers on the paper. The tropical sun was shooting flames above the painter's head, and it was very hot that beads of sweat oozed from his head. Swarms of insects flew out of the grass and could not be driven away. His legs were red and felt itchy from being bitten. He shook his head helplessly and simply ignored them...<br />
<br />
中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来才深有感受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
<br />
At noon, the young man brought two glutinous rice cakes and thrust them into the painter's hand: "I deeply feel that painting is really a hard job when I come out with you."<br />
<br />
画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在一起的......”<br />
<br />
The painter said with a smile, "Beauty and bitter are always linked together..."<br />
<br />
他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
<br />
They had been staying in a Dai family's bamboo hut. The painter got to know the customs of this warm and kind ethnic group from the perspective of daily life.<br />
<br />
每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
<br />
Every day after dinner, the painter came out of the bamboo hut and went to the forest glade. This was the most charming moment in Xishuangbanna. The sunset glow tinted the village, the treetops, and the water of Lancang River red. A group of Dai girls came slowly, carrying small spinning wheels on their shoulders, small lanterns in their hands, and their tight and floor-length dresses swaying with the wind. They were so slender, so light on their feet, and so graceful, as if a group of beautiful fairies had descended from the sky.<br />
<br />
“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露一截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后一盘,自然地溜向一边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
<br />
"So beautiful!" The painter expressed his feeling to the companion, "Look, those girls' girdles, golden and silver, are like exquisite crafts. But I will never paint their girdles, which will separate the body and destroy the integrity of it. I prefer their natural dressing. See, those girls' dressing is very natural. Their jackets are short, their skirts are long, and a part of the waist is exposed between the jacket and the skirt, which is a high level of aesthetic point of view, making them look slim and tall, pavilion... And look at their hairstyle, tying the hair into a bun, which is naturally slipped to one side. It has got a real Tang style! This ethnic group is amazing. They know best the beauty of details..."<br />
<br />
少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来一阵阵悠扬的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
<br />
The girls dispersed to all corners of the forest glade. Small groups of boys came out of nowhere, and gathered around the girls, talking and laughing. Through the twilight, an orange lantern was lit, and there came the sound of spinning wheels. Dai women had known since childhood not to rely on their parents but to rely on hard-working hands to prepare their own dowry. They were weaving happy love.<br />
<br />
诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就在苦苦思索一个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
<br />
The poetic atmosphere of the southern border was knocking on the window of the artist's inspiration. Whenever such a moment came, Yuan Yunsheng was thinking hard about a question: What was the master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna?<br />
<br />
美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
<br />
Was beauty in your colorful appearance and jewelry with pearls and jades? Painted your face, but could not paint your unique charm; collapsed at your feet, only acting as a servant of the naturalism.<br />
<br />
面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我感受却不尽相同。一百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,一百种不同的表现方法。<br />
<br />
Faced with the same object, the images on different painters’ retinas were the same; however, their own feelings were not the same. A hundred painters could have a hundred different answers, and a hundred different methods of expression.<br />
<br />
艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。 <br />
<br />
Art was valued for having a "self". He was looking for “his” own Xishuangbanna.<br />
<br />
从夏末到中秋,他在一串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勐定的一个偏僻的小村寨。<br />
<br />
From late summer to mid-autumn, he left his footprints in a string of pearl-like place names, and then came to a small remote village in Mengding.<br />
<br />
这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本寨的荣耀。<br />
<br />
The painter's visit caused a sensation in the small cottage, where apparently few guests had visited. During the evening meeting, the whole village cast warm and curious glances at him with laughter and noise, as if his arrival was an honor for the village.<br />
<br />
同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无力同病魔斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是“鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者一商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
<br />
The fellow editor told him that the village was called "Ghost Village". Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Dai people could not fight against illnesses. If someone was ill, it was said that he was possessed by a "ghost". When someone in the same village was pointed out to be the incarnation of the "ghost", several "respected" elders would immediately drive him out after discussion. Over time, those who were driven out formed a village, gathering a group of people who were discriminated against.<br />
<br />
“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的一瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
<br />
The sufferings of the people in the "ghost village" drew the deep sympathy of the painter. The painter cast a friendly glance at them and found that the people here had beautiful looks. If the Dai ethnic group was a beautiful ethnic group, this village was the essence of beauty. The girls like flowers, the charming women, the sturdy young men, all of whom were happy to accept the painter's request to make a sketch of themselves. Later, they simply came to the painter's home and stood in front of him with good grace, hoping to attract his attention. The painter was so busy that he waved his hand without a break. They loved beauty by nature and were proud of it.<br />
<br />
小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在一起进餐,然后由男方挑着担子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像一泓溪水那样清澈。<br />
<br />
Life in the small village was calm and quiet. The painter lived for many days and he didn't hear of any family quarrel. Men and women were financially independent of each other, and earned income, daily necessities, and working tools were clearly divided. When there were rifts in a family, the woman usually proposed to move away. The whole family sat quietly together for a meal before her departure, and then the man carried the pole to see her off. They treated each other with respect. The old and young were in harmony with each other. The young generation respected the elders and served them with courtesy; the elders took care of the younger generation, but never rigidly restrain them... What a simple relationship between them! It was not polluted by the secular society, as clear as a stream.<br />
<br />
一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
<br />
After a day’s work, the young men and women danced the Elach on the green grass. Joyful drumbeats and the crisp sound of gongs created a distinctive rhythm. The girls formed a queue, stepping gracefully and stretching their soft arms. They had reserved and self-respecting looks with a solemn yearning in the haze. What were they yearning for?<br />
<br />
这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在古老的贝叶经里的传说——从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑娘们生出一计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头一沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
<br />
This was a common dance in the Water-Sprinkling Festival. The Dai editor who accompanied the painter told the painter a legend recorded in the ancient the Pattra-leaf Sutra--once upon a time there was an ugly demon Lord who wanted to take the beautiful girls from each village for himself. He plundered six girls and wanted to take the seventh one, which was hated by the Dai people. The girls came up with a plan to get him drunk and asked him, "What are you most afraid of?" The devil said that he was afraid of nothing. He could only be strangled with his hair, but he could be reborn when his head touched the ground... The girls strangled his head while he was drunk. In order to keep his head from touching the ground, the girls took turns to hold his head in their hands. The annual Water-Sprinkling Festival was to celebrate the people's victory over devilry and to wash away the dirty stains left behind by the demon Lord, so that the spring of freedom and happiness was always in the hearts of the Dai people...<br />
<br />
晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
<br />
At night, the painter returned to the bamboo hut. The moonlight was bright and the shadow of trees was dancing, like flowing mercury pouring in front of the door. On this silent night, he could not sleep for a long time.<br />
<br />
广为流传的神话传说,往往是一个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑海里汇集,逐渐熔化为一团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西双版纳。这是一个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条——单纯与丰富高度和谐地统一!<br />
<br />
Widespread myths and legends were often the windows to the mind of an ethnic group. The story about the origin of the Water-Sprinkling Festival deepened the painter's understanding of this ethnic group who loved beauty. Since he set foot on the land of Xishuangbanna, the mountains, rivers, forests, people and landscapes he saw were like countless colorful light spots, whirling and flickering, gathering in his mind, and gradually melting into a bright flame, which rose from the canopy of thinking. Oh! The master of the beauty of Xishuangbanna, wasn’t the spiritual power of the Dai people to worship a better future and great love? Their hearts were so clean that they always kept their ethnic group’s nature of purity. So, the colorful and vibrant plants, and the natural and simple Dai women with their unique beauty constituted the painter’s general image of Xishuangbanna: "my" own Xishuangbanna. This was a world of lines, soft and elastic lines, unrestrained and smooth lines, upright and beautiful lines, and also tangled and slow lines like gossamers--simplicity and richness were highly harmonious!<br />
<br />
他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的一组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
<br />
He waved lines and made hundreds of line-drawing paintings. If the heavy color painting was compared to the symphony, the line drawing was the solo of lines. Yuan Yunsheng's artistic style, which was formed through years of honing, showed a fantastic charm in the solo of lines. It was a set of passionate sonatas that he dedicated to the Dai people with sincere feelings.<br />
<br />
昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
<br />
Kunming held an exhibition for Yuan Yunsheng. His paintings were delivered to the Yunnan People's Publishing House for selection and editing. The foreword written for him by the editor Liu Shaohui began with a few lines from the Dai folk narrative poem ''The Gourd Letter''.<br />
<br />
公主啊!<br />
<br />
O Princess!<br />
<br />
你是一颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
<br />
You are a brilliant jewel,<br />
<br />
但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
<br />
I wish I were a silversmith,<br />
<br />
把宝石镶在我的心上......<br />
<br />
Setting the jewel in my heart...<br />
<br />
他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
<br />
He praised Yuan Yunsheng for setting the "jewel" of Xishuangbanna in his heart.<br />
<br />
二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
<br />
For more than twenty years, it was the first time Yuan Yunsheng heard an affirmation of his art.<br />
<br />
袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
<br />
During his stay in Yunnan, Yuan Yunsheng constantly received letters from his wife, who told him they were safe.<br />
<br />
兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
<br />
What Lanying said in the letter made the painter felt like drinking a glass of sweet spring water, cool and delicious, soothing and cheerful when he read each letter. At the end of his wife's letters, there were always these lines: "Don't worry about the family. Paint your paintings, and if you can't finish them, you don't have to hurry back..."<br />
<br />
画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
<br />
The painter smiled with relief. During his busy days in Xishuangbanna, his main worry was "the fire in the backyard", but his wife's letter lifted his worries.<br />
<br />
其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
<br />
In fact, it was an eventful year. A wind of earthquakes blew in Changchun, and the whole city was in a panic. People were busy building quake-proof shelters, moving things, and transferring to shelters.<br />
<br />
画家在长春的一个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁愕然了。<br />
<br />
A friend of the painter in Changchun, thinking of the painter's wife and children, rushed to their home to visit. He was stunned.<br />
<br />
这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出一个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗震棚挪动着……<br />
<br />
The humble room was as it had been, and the furniture and sundries were not organized. The children were playing with their heads down. Lanying, bending over and sweating, dragged out a heavy wooden box full of the painter's paintings from the house, and moved it to the nearby quake-proof shelter...<br />
<br />
显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
<br />
Obviously, this was the most precious thing in the heart of the painter's wife. She knew the painter's hardship best, understanding the value of art from the hardships of it.<br />
<br />
朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道。<br />
<br />
The friend's heart trembled with excitement. Lanying still did not tell her husband about this. If his friend had not later recounted the scene he saw, he would never have known.<br />
<br />
壁画之梦 <br />
<br />
The Dream of Murals<br />
<br />
不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。 <br />
<br />
At some point, through the glass window covered with ice flowers, a hazy blue light came in, like a fairy stretching out her white arms and lifting the veil as soft as a dream.<br />
<br />
屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀一样扑朔不定。 <br />
<br />
The room seemed bright and dim, with faint yellow glow of the electric light and murky air around, and the glow fluttered in a haze of smoke like wings.<br />
<br />
他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。 <br />
<br />
He wagged his head vigorously, and rubbed his eyes. The paintings on the table turned into a white mist, rising and spreading. Everything was blurred.<br />
<br />
他搞不清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里…… <br />
<br />
He didn’t know whether he was awake at the moment, or vaguely in a dream...<br />
<br />
昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。一抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从梦境回到了现实的世界。 <br />
<br />
Last night he slept too late and smoked too much. Or rather, he didn't sleep, just lying next to the messy paintings and ashtray full of cigarette butts on the table for a while. When he looked up, it was dawn. The first ray of morning sunlight caressed the buildings in the suburbs of Beijing. He pushed the window open, and let the cold morning breeze chase away the fatigue of the night. He went back from the dream to the real world.<br />
<br />
这是1979年1月,在北京白家庄。 <br />
<br />
It was January 1979, in Baijiazhuang, Beijing.<br />
<br />
袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和工艺美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得到了推荐,也在被邀请之列。 <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing on his way home from a six-month-long trip to Yunnan. A great joy forced him to stay in Beijing. At that time, the new terminal building of Capital Airport was like a magnificent crystal palace going up in the eastern suburbs of Beijing, equipped with the world's most advanced technology. The spacious and comfortable departure lounges and restaurants, automatic doors, baggage carousels, weight scales with electronic digital display, special quartz clocks made by Seikosha, high-efficiency indoor air conditioning devices, precise navigation and communication systems... They constituted the magnificent air gateway of the capital, whose degree of modernization was unparalleled in China. In today's world, modern architectural design was integrated with exquisite art decoration, and the ancient mural art was revived, accommodating with the development of construction industry based on new industrial technology. People in charge of the capital airport were managers of the new enterprise indeed. They invited more than fifty excellent artists as well as arts and crafts workers, led by Zhang Ding, the dean of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, to create a large modern murals for the terminal building. Yuan Yunsheng, who had been silent for more than two decades, was lucky enough to be recommended and was among the invitees.<br />
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随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使一些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单一些,拿他的话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。” <br />
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With the opening of a crack in the window of ideological liberation in early 1979, the close relationship between literature and art and politics, which was very hot, was gradually adjusted over the years, making some artists calm down. They reconsidered the old and difficult proposition of the relationship between literature and art and politics, and denied the claim that literature and art was subordinate to politics. Their intentions were kind and peaceful, unwilling to use the arrow of art to touch sensitive political issues to avoid being blamed for something other than art; at the same time, they hoped to escape from the influence of the wind change and maintain the relative stability of the range of art, without rising or falling like a floating feather. But Yuan Yunsheng thought more simply, in his words, "Art is art, which needs to be sincere."<br />
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袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节——生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻辑和客观条件应运而生的。 <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng's large mural design ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', was born based on this simple logic and objective conditions.<br />
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候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的一块地方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴的哲理。他决定抦弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。” <br />
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A large wall of the passenger’s dining room in the terminal, together with a corner, was given to him. What a big space! He stood before the white wall, astonished and delighted, wanting to pour out all the words in the heart to this wall. Artistic creation always spared no effort without reservation to present the most beautiful part of the artist's feelings of the mind. For more than twenty years, the language of art and life he had accumulated resounded in his heart like a surging river, and the unforgettable impression he had from his trip to Xishuangbanna was the climax of the good things and the leaping wave of his whole life experience. At that time, the only subject he thought of was the Water-Splashing Festival. The myths and legends he heard, recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra condensed the emotions like flames, the free imagination and the clear and pure philosophy of the tropical ethnic group. He decided to abandon the conception of genre and narrative paintings and used the lines he had practiced over the years to express the people's desire for a future of freedom and happiness. He said, “It is a pleasant surprise for me to paint a mural praising the spirit and sentiment of the Dai people on a huge wall with 27 meters wide and 3.4 meters high."<br />
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主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知命运如何? <br />
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Artists who advocated art for the sake of politics could also attribute this subject to politics. However, this idea, after all, left the specific political context and contained the deeper and more distant time and space as well as timeless themes. If it was in the past, such an artistic conception would have been intervened by politics and would have been accused of rebelling against orthodoxy. What was his fate this time?<br />
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袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境…… <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng's brother, Yuan Yunfu, gave him a room in his apartment in Baijiazhuang, which was both a bedroom and a studio. However, the small bed was rarely used. He spread out his sketch and entered a dream, a dream of flowing lines and beautiful colors...<br />
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在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统一。那座大门却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门搏斗,一支接一支地吸烟,一张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。 <br />
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In the dream of art, there were also untold troubles. Apart from anything else, the door in the wall of the dining room was annoying. Originally, the artistic language of mural should be harmonized with the artistic language of architecture. The door, however, divided the wall and become an obstacle to the artistic conception. He spent the whole night fighting with the annoying door, smoking one cigarette after another, and drawing one sketch after another. His brother lived in the room opposite to his room, who could see the light coming from the crack of the door all night long, and the smell of smoke wafted up. And his energy, effort and life were consumed in the light blue smoke. The next day when the door was opened, his face was pale.<br />
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“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。 <br />
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"How can your body stand it!" Yuan Yunfu said.<br />
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“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……” <br />
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"It's doesn't matter." He smiled faintly, "I get used to it..."<br />
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在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出一股韧性。为了重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟此时的心情。 <br />
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In the eyes of the elder brother, his younger brother was a completely different people than before. On the night more than twenty years ago, when Yuan Yunsheng told his brother that he was classified as a "rightist” in the same room, his round face was full of innocence, as if he was telling a light anecdote. Now, that face had experienced the hardships and troubles of life, stumbling on the rugged road, and had become angular with a stern look, revealing a resilience. In order to regain this opportunity to create in Beijing, what a price he had to pay! Yuan Yunfu understood his brother's feelings at this time.<br />
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整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法——“拱桥的两头很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》） <br />
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All day long, Yuan Yunsheng locked himself in his room and had a dream of mural. He was inspired by the familar principle of the arch bridge in the suburbs of Suzhou, and found a way to cross the gate -- “The two ends of the arch bridge are very heavy, holding the towering and thin top. It is stable in mechanics, and how beautiful the curve like the rainbow is! The idea of constructing a rainbow of people with the activities of the Dai people is fascinating..." (quoted in ''Art Research'', Issue 1, 1980, Yuan Yunsheng: ''The Dream of Murals'')<br />
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实现这个迷人的想法,真是一项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每一个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了…… <br />
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It was a huge project to realize this fascinating idea. The splendid and colorful images of the Water-Splashing Festival came to his eyes: carrying water, sharing water, splashing water, dancing, boat racing, bathing at night, the quiet family life in the bamboo house of the Dai people and the young men and women who didn’t want to leave with each other in the jungle after dusk... Hundreds of characters appeared under his brush, and each of them was vivid and true. At the same time, it was decorative, exaggerated, personalized, and full of lyricism. The sketch was longer and longer, and the crowds like the rainbow were stretching out. The painter, who was immersed in the frenzy of his creation, seemed to be accompanied by music in his ears. He grasped the brush as if grasping the baton of the symphony orchestra, to express the shifts of melody and rhythm through the flowing lines, and the solemn, fervent and tenaciously upward theme song gradually rose up...<br />
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又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还有灯光。 <br />
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It was another early morning that Yuan Yunfu, who lived in the opposite room, woke up from his sleep and saw the light under the door of his brother’s room.<br />
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这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧…… <br />
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Yuan Yunfu was also very tired these days. He also participated in the creation of murals at the Capital Airport, painting the first draft of ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan''. If he was exploring the path of art with his experience and artistic accomplishment, his brother was sprinting with his life. Half a month passed, in fifteen days and nights, the light in the opposite room did not go out. What an amazing perseverance! Even the golden stone should cry for his sincerity of the art... <br />
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对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀! <br />
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A light blue smoke was coming from the opposite room with a heavy coughing sound, each hoarser than the last. However, he was still painting, and still smoking incessantly. The coughing sound could be heard without end, and it was heart-wrenching to hear it in the silence before dawn. He was destroying the foundation of his health to build a spiritual building, and the lines on the sketch were clearly the blood streak of life!<br />
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天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休息几天,回长春去过年吧。” <br />
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After dawn, Yuan Yunfu said to his brother, "You probably forget that the day after tomorrow is Lunar New Year's Eve. I advise you to take a few days off and go back to Changchun for the New Year."<br />
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袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用。第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制。” <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng shook his head, “I don’t have enough time. Although the second draft was drawn, but I haven’t had time to copy it."<br />
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“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。” <br />
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"You don’t care about your own body, but you have to think about Lanying.” His brother said. "You have been away from Changchun for more than six months. It is unreasonable for you not to go back for the Spring Festival."<br />
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提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能在家待几天?” <br />
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When it came to Lanying, Yuan Yunsheng was no longer obstinate. On New Year's Eve, he rushed back to Changchun. Lanying asked him, "How many days can you stay at home this time?"<br />
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画家说:“春节一过,还得讨论画稿。这一稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了。” <br />
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The painter said, "After the New Year, I still have to discuss the drafts. I have not made a copy of this one yet, so I brought it back home."<br />
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兰英叹了一口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……” <br />
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Lanying sighed, "So, even in the Spring Festival, you still can’t have a good rest..."<br />
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画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。” <br />
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The painter said, "It's not difficult to copy, but it takes time."<br />
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兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?” <br />
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Lanying thought about it, "Well, can I help you?"<br />
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画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。 <br />
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The painter looked at his wife with affection and nodded.<br />
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这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下一个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹…… <br />
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This was the first time that Lanying was directly involved in her husband's artistic creation. At night, they turned on the lamp, set up a glass plate, laid out a translucent copy paper, and copied the painting of the Water-Splashing Festival together. This work, which celebrated the Dai people, also left traces of a Han woman's feelings...<br />
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从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
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From the first to the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, they spent their time in this way. Lanying and the painter stayed up late together.<br />
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忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴云笼罩着...... <br />
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The busy painter did not even notice that Lanying's thin face was more withered, covered by the heavy cloud of illness...<br />
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牛皮纸 <br />
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Kraft Paper<br />
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春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。 <br />
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Just after the Spring Festival, Yuan Yunsheng returned to Beijing with the colored design.<br />
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绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
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Preparations for the mural painting were under way intensely. In order to get the best artistic effect, Capital Airport imported a batch of acrylic paints from Hong Kong. This was a new painting material popular in Europe, America and Japan in recent years. It had bright and soft color, strong covering power, and was suitable for multi-layered sfumato and foil, and maintained the stability of the color of the painting for a long time under various conditions of wetting, drying, hot and cold.<br />
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参加《泼水节——生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
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Lian Weiyun and Fei Zheng, two collaborators who participated in the painting of ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', also arrived in succession. They were both accomplished middle-aged artists. After looking Yuan Yunsheng's design, they were impressed by the charm of the combination of traditional techniques of Chinese painting and western modern art, and were interested in it and eager to have a try.<br />
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脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。 <br />
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The scaffolding was set up and the walls were covered with solid backing cloth. Everything was ready and it was early summer. One day in June, Lanying came to Beijing from Changchun.<br />
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兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的一次妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。 <br />
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This time, Lanying made a special trip to Beijing to see a doctor. In fact, her condition had already been discovered. In a gynecological examination before the Spring Festival, the doctor felt an obvious foreign body in the uterus. Because her husband was away and she needed to take care of the children, her illness had not been treated. Recently, due to the rapid aggravation of her condition, she had to go to a large hospital in Beijing for a diagnosis.<br />
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在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻待在一起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮工。 <br />
<br />
While waiting to see a doctor, Lanying and her husband stayed in a newly built hotel for international flight crews at the Capital Airport. The room was small but comfortable with spring beds, a bathroom, and shutters in the ceiling also indicated that there was air-conditioning equipment. Since her marriage, Lanying had never lived in such a high-class accommodation with her husband. However, the time the couple spent together was still limited. Every day, when the first purple rays of the morning sun came in through the curtains, Yuan Yunsheng turned over and got up, hurriedly wipded the face. The sound of rushing away footsteps could be heard in the corridor. After a busy day, it was already late at night when he returned, covered in sweat and paint, like a house repairman who had just climbed down from the scaffolding.<br />
<br />
好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是出乎意料的,几个月以前的一小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到癌——恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢? <br />
<br />
Finally, it was the day of diagnosis. When Lanying got the diagnosis, moving tired steps out of the hospital, she felt her body and mind sinking downward, as if sinking into a bottomless abyss. The rate of the development of the disease was unexpected, a small foreign body a few months ago had grown into a big lump. Lanying herself was a surgeon, with professional knowledge and clinical experience, who understood the seriousness in the rate of deterioration of the disease. She thought about cancer--malignant cells tended to cause malformed expansion, while benign tumors were relatively steady; if it was not cancer, it was just a fluke. She walked slowly, and her mind was empty, the grey mist floating and sparks of consciousness flickering on and off. She felt painfully, intuitively, that the defenses of her health had been destroyed by everyday’s pressure because of excessive worry and fatigue from chores over the years. Did her lover, her children and everything in the future still belong to her?<br />
<br />
她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了候机大楼,站在脚手架旁…… <br />
<br />
She went back to the airport. The painter could not be found at the accommodation during the day. She stepped across the long asphalt road, entered the terminal building, and stood by the scaffolding...<br />
<br />
大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着一场真正的建设——脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。 <br />
<br />
The lobby was spacious and solemn. The new glass windows reflected the blue sky, and the abundant light rushed in and then spread out, softly scattering on the four walls. Here, in the heat of June, there was a real construction going on--the huge structure of scaffolding climbing up to the roof; on the ground, brushes, palettes and paint buckets were piled up haphazardly, showing how busy the art site was.<br />
<br />
兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在…… <br />
<br />
Lanying looked up and found her husband's figure on the scaffolding. He bent over, holding a brush in his hand, sketching on the wall. His long black hair hang down from his forehead, swinging ceaselessly in the air with his body, as if a cellist holding the bowstring was absorbed in the enchanting music he was playing, and the world around him no longer existed...<br />
<br />
兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,一个艺术赤子的オ华、智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。 <br />
<br />
Lanying stood there dumbfounded. Here and now, perhaps only she could deeply understand her husband's state of mind. From the tiny world of that humble room in Changchun to this grand and spacious lobby, the talents, wisdom and suppressed ambition of a man who was loyal to art broke away from all fetters and poured out. He even wanted to put his hot life into the tip of the brush, pouring, splashing and melting into the picture in front of him.<br />
<br />
墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华! <br />
<br />
Various lines on the wall presented the dense jungle in Xishuangbanna, full of vitality. With the movement of the brush, like the process happened in color developer in the darkroom, the images of several Dai women gradually became clear. Their stretched waists, flexible arms, and action of strong inclination added the sense of motion of the scene of water splashing. Lanying seemed to hear the cheerful rhythm of the small gong and the exciting drumbeat of the elephant-foot drum. The hazy expressions in the women's faces had infinite yearnings. Thus, the dead wall became alive. It was the artist's passion for life was shining, the reproduction of a beautiful vision. The limited life of the artist was sublimated in the meaningful art!<br />
<br />
站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。 <br />
<br />
Standing behind the art stage to see the art was the easiest to touch off the aftertaste of life. <br />
<br />
兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得到了精神的补偿。 <br />
<br />
Lanying felt relaxed, and the heavy feeling like being clogged with lead when she left the hospital was alleviated. Art had already intruded into her destiny, turning her from an outsider into an insider. She got spiritual compensation from the breath of artistic creation.<br />
<br />
这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查有结果了吗?” <br />
<br />
At this time, the painter climbed down from the scaffolding, spotted his wife at a glance, and walked quickly towards her, "Did you get the result of the examination at the hospital?"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说......” <br />
<br />
Lanying said. "Go on with your work. I’ll talk to you when we came back..."<br />
<br />
妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。” <br />
<br />
The peaceful face of his wife reassured the painter. He said, "You should stay in your room and have a good rest."<br />
<br />
“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
<br />
"I'm not tired. Lanying smiled faintly and said with studied casualness, "What can I do for you?"<br />
<br />
Chapter Two<br />
<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对一对画稿上的人物动作。” <br />
<br />
The painter seriously considered for a moment: “Oh, I need you here. Please imitate and check the action of the characters on the sketch for our reference.” <br />
<br />
“好吧。”妻子应允了。 <br />
<br />
"All right." The wife agreed.<br />
<br />
兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容…… <br />
<br />
Lanying made various body movements on the painter’s instructions. Fortunately, she was an active member of the literary and artistic activities twenty years ago with a little dance skills, natural movements, and an ideal slender body. It consumed a lot of time, and the painter looked left and right, directing Lanying's posture while examining the characters on the sketch. For Lanying, who was ill, it was an excessive burden. But she maintained a dignified posture with great endurance, and a serene smile appeared on her pale and tired face...<br />
<br />
几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为一个外科医生,如果给自己开一张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的一桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カ一搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏在心底很久很久了。 <br />
<br />
A few days later, Lanying boarded the northbound train and left Beijing. Her husband went to the station to see her off. Until the moment before her departure, the wife did not tell her husband about her illness. Lanying repeatedly considered the gains and losses. As a surgeon, she would not have hesitated to write “hospitalize immediately and surgically remove" if she had given herself a treatment order. The key to the treating a relentless tumor, whether it was benign or malignant, was to treat it in time.But she thought of her husband, and a wonderful career beyond him. Once she was hospitalized for a major surgery, her husband would not hesitate to accompany her and serve her, because she had no other close relatives in this world. In that way, the painter's work would stop, or at least be influence. Her husband was struggling on the difficult road of art and could not be delayed. Lanying had to give up her treatment, even if it meant the hope of life, in exchange for the extension of the artistic life. This idea, from the day she fell in love with the painter, had been buried in her heart for a long, long time.<br />
<br />
一声长笛,列车开走了,载着一颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾霭中...... <br />
<br />
With a whistle, the train drove away, carrying the heart of an ordinary but great woman, and disappearing in the fog...<br />
<br />
袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,一株热带丛林特有的鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像是在为自己的青春而骄傲…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng and his collaborators worked hard and four months passed. The painting work was coming to an end. Turning a corner of the wall, a view of Xishuangbanna at dusk appeared. In the light blue glow, there was a Passionfora edulis unique to the tropical jungle. Its luxuriant branches and leaves were like a cluster of hydrangea, forming a beautiful screen. Dai girls Girls who took a bath at night, holding a clay pot, poured clear spring water on their body. They wore their long and undulating hair down to the ground, which seemed like the ripples of water flowing from high mountains. After the bath, the girls were combing their long hair with a tender smile on their face, as if they were proud of their youth...<br />
<br />
环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。 <br />
<br />
Surrounding the girl's bodies were a few flowing lines, which were the outline of the clothes that was sketched out in the draft. The painter was still uncertain how to handle them. In the process of painting, the onlookers who came and went through the lobby paid special attention to the girls taking baths at night on the wall, wanting to see whether they would be clothed or not.<br />
<br />
洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。“我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的一种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况他画的是神话传说而不是习俗…… <br />
<br />
It is a common knowledge in life that taking a bath (rather than splashing water) needs to take off clothes. In life, Dai women were more innocent. During the days in Xishuangbanna, the painter bathed many times with Dai men and women at the well and in the Lancang River. They were natural and graceful, treating nudity as a as a creation of nature, so they did not feel it was very mysterious. “I admit that I have more conservative thinking.” Yuan Yunsheng said sincerely, “Because of this, I am more respectful of them.” In the history of painting, the language of nudity was an artistic language with rich expressiveness. Represented by Venus in ancient Greece, it developed into an independent aesthetic category. Similarly, using the language of nudity to express the author's worship of women and the praise for life became necessary for this particular scene in the mural. Not to mention that he painted myths and legends rather than customs...<br />
<br />
看来,画家打错了主意? <br />
<br />
It seems that the painter got the wrong idea?<br />
<br />
在一些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和犯罪搅成一池浑水。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of some people, the style of nude was a “evil custom of barbarians” in the west! The richer the material life of the west was, the poorer the spiritual civilization was to the extent that the body was not covered by clothes. On the contrary, the great revolution of spiritual culture and the great retrogression of material production occurred at the same period in our country. In the past ten years, people’s vision had been highly purified. Chinese women did not even want to wear skirts, cheongsams, or tight-fitting shirts, and wrapped themselves up tightly so as not to show their changeable lines. By doing so, they would not stain the eyes of others and desecrate their bodies. However, treating aesthetics as the result of getting rid of evil concepts did not improve the morality of the society, but brought spiritual impoverishment and degradation. As a result, just like the pure springs turned into muddy currents, art and crime were mixed into a pool of muddy water.<br />
<br />
盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。 <br />
<br />
In the height of summer, when the scene of “bathing at night" stood out, although the images of these young girls were decorative, symbolic and simple, it still caused a stir.<br />
<br />
这并不显眼的一角却引来一批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
<br />
This inconspicuous corner attracted numerous viewers, including curious people, anxious people, passers-by and spectators. People were talking about it in different tones, surprised, harsh or vulgar...<br />
<br />
这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不韪了。如要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的一场争论。 <br />
<br />
It was the first time in years that a nude appeared on modern Chinese murals. The author did a wrong thing that was considered as a big one at the time. If he wanted to solve dispute, it was easy, lifting the brush, smearing a few strokes, and dressing the figures in blouses and skirts, which cost nothing. Then he and his whole family would be blessed and away from misfortune. But he was reluctant to do that. He thought of a controversy in history over the issue of nude art.<br />
<br />
六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的一班轻薄少年、无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军阀败北。 <br />
<br />
Sixty years ago, a group of courageous painters in Shanghai were reviled for using nudity in their teachings and creations. At that time, the newspapers published many critical articles, saying that the painter “offended public decency”, “wanted to make the women of the world into a shameless position" and “broke down the boundaries between Chinese men and women”... And at that time, a group of libertines and loafers in Shanghai took nude photos for sale, which provided handles to trolls. Until the warlord Sun Chuanfang was angered, the painter was wanted by telegram. The painter concentrated all his efforts on rising to the challenge without fear, and wrote articles saying that “Scoundrels made nude photos and obscene picture of prostitutes to attract others for profit, I am very sad... Why Private Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts is blamed? Why I am blamed?” "I advocated that ambition of art shouldn’t be takev away... Although I have to defy all difficulties and dangers, I will never refuse.” The struggle ended in victory for the painter and defeat for the warlord.<br />
<br />
历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的一桩旧案犹未了结。 <br />
<br />
History had gone by more than half a century. Times were different, but an old case in the art world was not settled yet.<br />
<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思想解放!” <br />
<br />
"What we encountered is no longer a body issue.” Yuan Yunsheng said to his companions, “It is related to the ideological liberation of the art world!"<br />
<br />
他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。 <br />
<br />
They insisted on making no changes. This detail in the murals was used as a stone of exploring and was thrown on the path of artistic spring presented in front of them after the smashing of the "Gang of Four".<br />
<br />
舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事…… <br />
<br />
After all, the pressure of public opinion was too great. In order to provide a peaceful environment for the painter to paint, the airport and the construction company were kind to cover up the doors and windows of the lobby while the painting work was still incomplete. Thus, the modernized doors were covered with thick kraft papers produced in the traditional way in China, and the murals painted in imported acrylic paints were hidden in a dull yellow glow of classical colors. The painter was at peace for the moment and went on with their unfinished work...<br />
<br />
不是结尾 <br />
<br />
Not the End<br />
<br />
10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动…… <br />
<br />
One day in late October, the autumn wind swirled yellow sand, sweeping above the streets of Beijing. Yuan Yunsheng walked down the street quickly, facing the wind, and his long and thick black hair fluttering in the wind...<br />
<br />
首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。 <br />
<br />
The painting work of murals at the Capital Airport had been completed. The artists and art workers, led by Zhang Ding, achieved great success. The papers and TV stations published and broadcasted murals with distinctive characteristics and modern style: ''Nezha Conquers the Dragon King'', ''Song of the Forest'', ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan'', ''The Spring of Science'' and ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life''... It was like a hot whirlwind in the art world and society, provoking intense reactions. Before the Fourth Congress of Chinese Writers and Artists, a group of celebrities from the circles of literature and art, theory, architecture, foreign trade and press and publication came to the Capital Airport to attend the unveiling ceremony and congratulate the artists.<br />
<br />
国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人一进入中国就有一个强烈的印象,这种艺术是一个国家国力的象征。” <br />
<br />
They acquired great recognition from foreigners. Foreign friends stood in the lobby of the terminal building, looking around the four walls with appreciative eyes and saying, "Beijing Airport will be famous all over the world for its murals.” ”It gives people a strong impression upon entering China that this art is a symbol of a country's national power."<br />
<br />
日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……” <br />
<br />
Hirayama Ikuo, a famous Japanese painter, also came to visit. He said that Chinese culture had two peaks in history: the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, and he believed that the third peak was coming. He said to Yuan Yunsheng with a smile, "After seeing your murals, I think Xishuangbanna is very beautiful. I really want to change the plan of this trip and go there..."<br />
<br />
这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰一样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔…… <br />
<br />
These days, Yunsheng was very busy. Meeting with foreign guests, accepting interviews and giving speeches on stage filled up his daily schedule. The lonely days were gone, followed by honors, applauses, and toasts, like stepping from the rugged mountain road to the peak full of flowers... He walked on the street, the wind and sand rushing toward him, and his lapel swaying in the wind. At this moment, contrary to the joy brought by the brilliant success, his face was strangely sad and sorrowful, frozen like ice, cold as a rock. It seemed to have infinite remorse in his indifference...<br />
<br />
呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化? <br />
<br />
Oh, what were you doing for? Were you still not satisfied? Or were you still worried about the change of political wind?<br />
<br />
不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着一个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作是坚定正确的表现。 <br />
<br />
No. He was not worried about that. He was confident. For more than twenty years, he had been tenacious exploring towards a set goal with the sincerity of art. He had never been discouraged in the face of any setbacks. He loved the art of the country, and was classified as a "rightist" because he disagreed with Soviet painting theory. But now people who took the same position were seen as having a solid and right performance.<br />
<br />
他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。 <br />
<br />
He loved the watery towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and took a hit for painting the beautiful scenes of the rural market. But now markets all over the country were more prosperous than they were then. Oh life, many things would be changed after thirty years! He no longer believed in temporary and hasty conclusions. His personality and the personality of his art had been strengthened by adversity, becoming independent of the conclusions.<br />
<br />
那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧? <br />
<br />
So, why were you sad? Why were you depressed?<br />
<br />
只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无望,只等待手术的判决…… <br />
<br />
Just because his wife, bosom friend, backer of his career and partner in distress, was lying sickly in the hospital. It was not until a few days earlier that he learned of the illness that Lanying had hidden from him. After four months of suffering from the disease, Lanying's health collapsed! When she left Changchun, her sick body wasted away, with weak spirit and pale and yellow face. Her female companions, who saw her off, could not see any color on her face, took it as their last farewell, breaking down in tears. At this moment, she lay quietly in a hospital in Beijing, and she seemed tired. Once the burden was lifted from her shoulders, she didn’t have words, complaints and hope, only waiting for the verdict of surgery...<br />
<br />
一个人站立起来了,另一个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南去的列车上一见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下一笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。 <br />
<br />
One people stood up, another fell down, and she fell down for him. Since they met on the southbound train, she made too many voluntary sacrifices. If the wife really could never stand up again, then what was the meaning of her husband's success today for her? She was a doctor, a good wife and mother, and a person dedicated to art. Her contributions could never be rewarded, and she could not leave a mark on any art classic, but only painful memories engraved in her husband's heart.<br />
<br />
画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼眶里滚动。 <br />
<br />
The painter ran down the street to the hospital, a storm stirring up in his heart. His eyes were wet, white tears rolling in his eyes.<br />
<br />
他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:一种是诚实的艺术家;另一种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。 <br />
<br />
He thought of the two kinds of people who were closest to art in the wide world. One was the honest artist; the other was the person who did not know art but was pure and simple, such as his lovely wife.<br />
<br />
他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少一些吗?<br />
<br />
They didn’t have other intention, just for art. To recognize their hard work was the minimum to tolerate the existence of art. But they suffered too much beyond art. Couldn’t they suffer less?<br />
<br />
他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。 <br />
<br />
He walked on the street in Beijing, his tearful eyes shining with anticipation.<br />
<br />
后记: <br />
<br />
Postscript:<br />
<br />
本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又过了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世事变迁未可尽述。 <br />
<br />
After this article was published, the heroine recovered after treatment. A few years later, the hero went to the U.S. alone. And many things had changed and it was impossible to mention them all.<br />
<br />
——作者 <br />
<br />
--Author<br />
<br />
（原载《十月》1980年6月） <br />
<br />
(Originally published in ''October'', June 1980)<br />
<br />
==卷一：10.热血男儿==<br />
<br />
热血男儿<br />
<br />
李士非<br />
<br />
满腔的热血已经沸腾。<br />
<br />
《国际歌》<br />
<br />
ー、能见到袁庚吗?<br />
<br />
在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天,蛇口エ业区和它的领导人袁庚,名扬国内外,越 来越引人注目。<br />
<br />
但是,我接受写袁庚的任务,未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他,手头也没有 积累多少关于他的资料,而且听说采访他很困难:他是香港招商局常务副董事长 （人们因此亲切地称他为袁董）,大部分时间在香港,每到蛇口,都忙得不可开交, 实在抽不出时间接受采访。但是,过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观,听过介绍,看 过录像,袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣,接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口 来,这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。“能见到袁庚吗?”“即使见不到袁庚也要写!”所谓 “冒险”,无非是写不出或写不好,个人面子不好看罢了,比起袁庚和他的朋友们从 事改革所冒的风险,简直是微不足道的。<br />
<br />
仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气,到这里待ー些日子也是值得的。<br />
<br />
“如果你只能待很短的时间,我劝你趁早打退堂鼓,不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆 辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意,开弓没有回头箭,退堂鼓是 不好打的。<br />
<br />
二、夜访梁宪<br />
<br />
在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口,袁庚出国去了,说是7月底或8月初 才能回来。最了解他的ー个人,东江纵队时期就和他ー起工作,现任蛇口工业区顾 <br />
问的许智明,到澳大利亚探亲去了,归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同, “时间就是金钱,效率就是生命”,白天工作紧张,找人谈话很难,晚上访问也要事 先约定,因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰 上袁庚的儿子袁中印,《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意,他马 上说:“有什么好写的?这么多人写过了,要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受 了乃父的影响,不大欢迎采访。“慢慢来吧,我一定要找你的。”我心里说。<br />
<br />
多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙,约定了 一天晚上9点钟去访问エ业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人,穿过海 滨花园,沐着海风,经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边,漫步走向梁宪的住 处。早已听说,他!962年毕业于中山大学外语系,是梁宗岱教授的高足,对法国文 学很有研究。果然,ー见之下,我就感到他是ー个充满艺术气质的人。<br />
<br />
他掏出港币,买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客,然后和我们谈笑风生。<br />
<br />
“你们是文人,我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人,她在中央戏剧学 院教书。我对她说:你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的,但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。 中国像你们这样的文人太多,像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一 句英语,“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙,黄虹坚ー时也 没反应过来,陈宜浩翻译说:“他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑 起来。<br />
<br />
梁宪大学毕业的时候,老百姓正在饿肚子,大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法 国文学的尖子,后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作,比袁庚晚半 年多一点。袁庚很器重他,有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。<br />
<br />
“我去香港的时候,老婆说:最怕你没骨气,没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是 有的,外派干部只要有一点热血,就不是追求几大件,而是感到抬不起头来!<br />
<br />
“刚到香港,每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐,ー串串的,海上漂着偷渡者的尸 体,我们不能忍受,啪一声把电视关了。<br />
<br />
“我们国内建设搞不好,连ー些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们, 心里真难受呀。所以,我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过:’我之所以这么干,是 为了实现我入党时的初衷。’”<br />
<br />
一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿,梁宪又概括地说:<br />
<br />
“我熟悉的人当中,有两个热血男儿,ー个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛,ー个就是 袁庚!”<br />
<br />
好一个“热血男儿” !这个词太恰当了,把这两个人相提并论太好了,我不禁<br />
<br />
怦然心动,觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。<br />
<br />
也真巧,比我年长20岁的刘任涛,是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第 一流的眼科专家,共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长,曾为刘伯承元帅安过义 眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》,改行当了电影编剧,“文化大革命”中在珠 影被诬为“历史反革命”,打断五根肋骨,投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动 期间,他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明,不顾自己的政治处境,不顾没 有任何医疗条件,决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他:“万一失败,你就 是阶级报复,就会重进监狱。”他不听,他终于成功了。“作为医生,我拯救了我的 灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀,立下遗嘱:死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢 复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
<br />
刘任涛和袁庚,经历和事业完全不同,但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身 精神,是多么相似呵!我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚,觉得对袁庚也开始熟 悉了。<br />
<br />
三、“冒险家”<br />
<br />
刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障,要冒风险。袁 庚在蛇口进行改革,要冒更大的风险:两年之前,不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影 地攻击经济特区嘛!<br />
<br />
但是,时代毕竟不同了,今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月 9日,胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区,袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆,和总书记有一 段精彩的对话。<br />
<br />
袁庚:关于改革问题,现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看,凡是搞改革 的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法,最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变 法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪,改良主义,结果六君子被 杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革,我想不会落得前人这样 的下场,我们是在党的领导下进行的,不会有问题吧,我们值得冒这个险!<br />
<br />
胡耀邦:过去的改革是下层少数人去改,领导者、统治者是压制的。现在 不同,我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改,现在和过去根本不同嘛!<br />
<br />
袁庚:我们感到,我们的干部是不大怕群众的,只怕顶头上司,怕上司不喜 欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说,我每次来蛇口,ー上码头,前呼后 拥的,下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒,就会忘乎所以,久而久之, 就不怕群众,不怕下级,因为群众、下级撤不了我的职,我只怕交通部,怕顶头 上司,只有他们才能撤我的职。<br />
<br />
所以,群众监督干部,群众有权选举和罢免干部,这至关重要。我们这里 想搞个改革试点,管委会由群众选举产生,每年投一次信任票,如果不信任票 超过半数,管委会就得改选,个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公 开的、直接的,由群众投票选举的领导班子,就会想群众之所想,急群众之所 急,就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手,就有人自动送礼 上门,如果头脑不清醒,不能自律,就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装 懂,诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部,我相信可以改变一下干部的结 构和干部的作风。我们想做这样ー个不太小的改革,准备冒一点风险。<br />
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胡耀邦:（点头）好!很好!<br />
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袁庚:总书记说了好,我们就记录在案,马上打报告这样做。<br />
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胡耀邦:（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿,在哪 ー出戏里我忘记了,讽刺官僚主义者,他不敢骂台上的官,只敢骂戏台上堂前 的鼓。有一段唱词说:“一棵大树腹中空,两头都是皮儿绷,每天上堂敲三下, R卜咚ゆ咚又ゆ咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛!（全场大笑）<br />
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党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印,想到ー块去了,这在蛇口的发 展史上,是应当大书特书的。<br />
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1983年4月24日,选举产生了蛇口エ业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22 日,按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票?组干处处长虞 德海说:“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的,信任票不足半数就 得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决,一定要搞信任投票。” 投票结果,管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数,袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上,全 部投票公开,任人查阅,尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐,如“某某能力低”“某某 不堪信任”之类,也不加掩饰。<br />
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这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。<br />
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四、“那里不肯放,就辞职!”<br />
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选举产生领导班子,定期举行信任投票,这是袁庚深思熟虑的ー项决定。他深<br />
深感到,不改革干部制度,不改变干部结构,任何改革都无从谈起,“四化”也只是 一句空话。<br />
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有的领导干部,居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人:“你们大学建多大的桥?” 问来访的美国客人:“英国人讲英语,你们美国人讲什么语?”还有人向中央领导同 志汇报他到香港考察的收获:“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯!”如此等等,令人 啼笑皆非。这样的干部,怎能担当建设“四化”的重任!<br />
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蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地）,指挥部只有 二十多个干部的时候,袁庚就开始考虑如何培育ー支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命 化的干部队伍。1981年,他排除阻カ,毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班,从全国 各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说,“我是个冒险家,为了蛇口的改革,我从 全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。<br />
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当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员,委托交通部下属的交通科 学院情报所代为主持,在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、 江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。<br />
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王潮梁!938年出生于江苏无锡,1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计 专业。早在1958年,他就参考外国的资料,在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫 原理,并和同学们一道造出了样品,在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对 飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是,在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年 代,几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机エ厂飞机设 计室任产品主管设计员,那时生产要听驻厂军代表的,而军代表只相信苏联专家和 苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料,翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂, 即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂,也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚 子气,却毫无办法。岁月如流,王潮梁搞了 17年飞机设计,却看到我们的飞机エ业 比印度还落后;又研制了四年的飞翔船,却看不到一艘飞翔船下水,那种壮志难酬 的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会,唯一的名额给了业务上 根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培 训班招生的广告时,他兴奋极了,“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方,去!”立刻把广告 剪下来,郑重地贴在本子上。<br />
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他第一个走进考场,第一个走出考场。笔试、面试,成绩优良。主持考试的情 报所林鸿慈同志下了结论:这是个人才,录取！<br />
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但是,在中国有一个很大的矛盾:生产资料是全民所有制,干部却是单位私有 制。ー个单位可以把ー个或ー批人才冷藏ー辈子<br />
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长江航运科研所不肯放人。<br />
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198I年11月,袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他,向他汇 报了招生的情况,特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。<br />
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袁庚很激动。<br />
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“小王是不是党员?”<br />
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“不是。”<br />
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“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量,开个头,那里不肯放,就辞职!我这 里收。最多就是人家去告状,最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先 例。告到国务院,我们就把这个同志的情况报上去,中央领导会支持我们。新华社 社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开’干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人 在单位不充分发挥作用,又不让调,这个局面不打开是不成的!”<br />
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林鸿慈被袁庚打动了,写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁,同时通过各种渠道 去做说服、疏通工作。终于,用不着王潮梁辞职,单位同意放人了。1982年,王潮 梁来到蛇口工业区。<br />
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五、企业管理研究生<br />
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1982年12月的一天晚上,ー个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
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这是一次事先约定的会见。<br />
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年轻人叫余昌民,刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清 华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生,工作了八九年,深感中国企业管理的弊病 太多,1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年, 专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息,《读卖新闻》为 此发了专稿,登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了,干什么好呢?学校建议他到国家 经委属下的中国企业研究协会去,这当然是个专业对口的美差,但是在武汉工作的 爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候,蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。他每星期上街 去买《深圳特区报》,得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝,如饥似渴地加以研 究。不难判断,蛇口エ业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去!决心下定了,系 里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会,经朋友介绍,他就来登门拜访了。<br />
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会面的一瞬间,两个人互相观察了一下。<br />
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“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗?穿件中式棉袄,和一般的老干部没啥差别,不 是想象中的那个改革家的模样,而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真 的值得?”<br />
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真正的一闪念,没容余昌民多想,袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
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谈话开门见山。<br />
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“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里?”<br />
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“在于体制。”<br />
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“对了!”袁庚兴奋起来,侃侃而谈,“上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦,说 他们要一千人,劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用,那七百是搭配的闲人,你再要, 就再搭配,再多余,反正是大锅饭,大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了,还说这是社会主义 的优越性!这样,工厂冗员越来越多,工厂成了小社会,在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的, 形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ,败坏着我们的民族素质!这样的体制不改革,我们 就没有出路!”<br />
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“我的ー篇论文,提出了企业的素质问题。”<br />
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“有何高见?”<br />
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“素质,好比基本作用,像女排,形成了她们的基本作风,就有战斗カ。”<br />
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“就把ー个企业比作球队吧,假如你是教练,别人随便塞人给你,你怎么办?”<br />
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“我不要。”<br />
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“不要不行!”<br />
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“那我不干。”<br />
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“对了,就得这样。”<br />
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一老ー少,越谈越投机,彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处ー闪而过的那点 疑虑也完全打消了。<br />
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“我们这里可要冒点风险。”<br />
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“正因为这样オ要去,建设好了还去干什么?”<br />
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“你个人有什么要求?”<br />
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“只要求家属ー起去。”<br />
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“这个我们来办。”<br />
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两个月后,余昌民父亲去世,回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化,系里要留他。 企业管理系刚刚建立,工作需要,理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚 飞往蛇口,收不回来了。<br />
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1983年3月,袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客,系里派余昌民随行。系 领导的目的,是让校长对余昌民有个印象,说服他留下来,同时出面解决他家属的 户ロ问题。<br />
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谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口,袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有,余昌 民暗示要做刘达的工作。<br />
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余昌民再一次请求:“校长,让我来蛇口吧。”<br />
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“系里要我帮忙留你,我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。<br />
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袁庚一再要求支持:“刘达同志,把小余给我们吧,我们迫切需要企业管理的专 门人才。”<br />
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刘达心动了。这位参加过“ー二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
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回去后,余昌民给系里写了报告,对系里的教育培养表示感谢,说明清华企业 管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设,这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都 至关重要。<br />
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问题迎刃而解。7月,夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。<br />
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当余昌民到エ业区大楼报到的时候,在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉 着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口,边走边说:“你是研究企业管理的,你先熟悉ー 下情况,有把握了再谈工作……”<br />
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袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信,其中有一段话:<br />
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关于小余的事,同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失ー小余,无妨 大局,蛇口得之,如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下,エ业区将受其惠。<br />
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重感情的刘达,把这封信送给了余昌民,让他留作永久的纪念。<br />
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六、星期天的早晨<br />
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星期天早晨8点钟,顾立基刚起床,洗了脸,正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同 学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的,大家都熬了夜,现在让他们多睡一会儿 吧。顾立基轻手轻脚,唯恐弄出一点声音来。<br />
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“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗?”<br />
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门外传来ー个声音。顾立基一看,走廊上站着ー个六十多岁的老人和一个 姑娘。<br />
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“我就是顾立基,您是?”<br />
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“我是袁庚,蛇口的袁庚〇”老人首先伸出手来,“这是我女儿尼亚,她不放心我 的身体,一定要陪我来,其实我的身体还可以。你看,骑了半小时车子,轻松愉快。”<br />
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顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 他深受感动。<br />
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“我们到楼下谈吧,同学们还在睡觉。”<br />
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楼下有一张靠背长椅,三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨,不冷不热,阳光和煦, 轻风拂面,校园一片宁静的气氛。<br />
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“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会?”<br />
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“是的,现在会员有一千多人了,成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。”<br />
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“还听说你想当厂长?”<br />
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“您的信息很灵通啊,”顾立基笑了, “我是说过想当厂长,为此还惹过ー些麻 烦呢。”<br />
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“什么麻烦?”<br />
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“有人说我是野心家。”<br />
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“岂有此理!想当个厂长是什么野心!’不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’,这 是拿破仑说的还是谁说的? 一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对!”<br />
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“我是学电脑的,但是我感到中国更需要管理人才,所以主动旁听了企业管理 系研究生的全部课程。”<br />
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“到蛇口去吧,我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班,要培养大量的管理人才。”<br />
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“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像,我的心就动了,只是还没下定决心。”<br />
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“现在呢?”<br />
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“现在下定决心了,去蛇口。”<br />
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“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗?”<br />
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有什么困难? 1982年的初夏,社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的,有人在 报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界,影射特区有变成租界的危险,造成一股无形的压 力,因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些,可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的 人在ー起,冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去,下属工厂任他挑选,这 些,对他有一定的吸引力。他自从!967年中学毕业,1968年进上海印染机械修配 厂,十年中当过锅炉エ、车エ、錠エ、钳エ、电エ,当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不 惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为,1974年顾立基和他们争吵过ー 次,挨了批斗,却受到工人们的同情,和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要 毕业了 ,朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查,他是材料组的负责 人,如果不来上大学,早就走上领导岗位了,现在回去,工作安排是不成问题的。但 是,陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大,他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的 是,母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房,姐妹们都在外地,母亲 希望他留在身边,爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
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“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。<br />
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袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口,使他动了感情,他滔 滔不绝地发起议论来。<br />
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“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办ー个工业区 呢?为了在那块地方搞改革,搞全面的改革,从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度,都 要改,不改就没有出路。过去三十年,极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。 1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候,海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体,都是青年,他们为什 么要跑?因为我们穷!<br />
<br />
“’四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’,越搞跑的人越多。ー些村子的青壮年几乎跑 光了,真叫人欲哭无泪!蛇口对面就是香港的元朗,相隔只有6000米,晴天能看到 它的高楼,它就是在我们’十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了, 必须把经济搞上去,这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公 里,对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛,我们改革成功了,对全国就有很大 的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛,无伤大局。当然,我们一定要尽最大的 努力,争取成功,避免失败。我们这ー代人是老了,当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时 候,时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……”<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动,身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚,望 着自己的父亲,眼睛也有点热了……<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来,当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书,1984年4月被聘为 办公室主任。<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚,因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口,听说顾立基6日 ー早要去香港,5日晚我去登门拜访。<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告,我为 了听这个报告,推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的,谁都可以听,欢迎你去。”ー见面 顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗?”<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难,他在蛇口不会待太久,一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告, 你最好陪他回宿舍ーー他儿子的住处,或者宾馆,这样边走边谈,可以谈十来分 钟……”<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗?<br />
<br />
不管怎样,先听听他的报告再说吧。<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半,袁庚的报告准时开始。<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影,大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。 今天这个会也叫新闻发布会,街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂,基本上坐满 了,放眼望过去,都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。<br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上, 顾立基主持大会。<br />
<br />
ー开始,袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕,只讲个把钟头。”<br />
<br />
人们笑了,其实怕的是他讲得太短。<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问,历时23天,访问了 4个国家、16个公司、18个城市,从新加坡 开始,往西到英国,再到美国、日本,整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处,受到隆重的、 破格的接待,我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们 四个人,而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化,在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到 做蛇口人的光荣。”<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张,出国访问要花自己的钱,花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、 软弱的地位。这次出访,他们带了 20万美金的信用卡,足够用了,所到之处都坚持 这个原则,唯独在新加坡失灵了。那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系,但新加 坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检,从飞机场ー直送到最高级的香格里拉大 酒店,袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前,这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫 人;在他之后,住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨）,每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观 什么项目,全部满足要求。临走结账时,酒店经理说:“在你们到来之前,已经有人 付了全部费用。”<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁,英国老板们在海员罢エ浪潮的 冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们,给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深 刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说:“我们原打算3年之内种植 20万株月季,把蛇口建成玫瑰之城,现在看来太落后了……”<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国,主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡,大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔,华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民,交给他一把金钥匙。女 市长在宴会上说:“我是百分之百的中国人,也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说:“我 很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判,就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过, “在经济问题上,兄弟无情,六亲不认!何况是与外国人谈判「’<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前,有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过 的曲折。<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日,袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件,大家听了很高兴,但我们不要高兴得过早。不 要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了,但官僚主义、 红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事,还是有的。例如我们正在谈判 的浮法玻璃厂,到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃,为什么不准我们用 最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ?最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局 交涉。她们去的时候,人家一口答应,讲你们回去好了,但等我们企业室派人带合 同去盖章的时候,又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干,他们讲:‘你们派了记 者、作家来,我敢不答应吗?弄得不好,你们要写报告文学,写内参,我受得了 吗,？……”<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨,交涉了九个月,オ过了国内这ー关。<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判,当然不可能用这么长的时间,但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想 而知的。<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂,简直是一座玻璃城!它生产各式各样 的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃,用25磅大锤从20米外打去,地皮都震动了,玻璃却安 然无恙。我们和美国合资,投资ー亿美元,引进一座同样的エ厂,买他的专利,以后 我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点,集中在每年所付专利费 占销售总额的百分比上。<br />
<br />
美方要6%,我们还价4% 〇<br />
<br />
美方降到5%,我们加到4.5%。<br />
<br />
寸利必争,形成僵局。<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。<br />
<br />
“先生们,我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针,2000年前发明了火药,全人类 <br />
都在享受这些伟大的成果,可是他们从来没有要过什么专利,我们作为后代从来没 有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋,而是觉得光荣。请问各位,那时候你们的祖先在哪 里?恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前,是不是毛特别多……”<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前,一个个咧嘴笑了。<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕,我的意思不是不付专利费,而是要求公平合理r’<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格,坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们,说不 定会抗议呢!“你骂我们的祖先,是可忍,孰不可忍ド’<br />
<br />
终于达成协议:4.75%,为期!0年。<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进ー个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂,专利 费是5% ,时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处,绝不能走 美国的路!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退,エ业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走,他们还 有点生气,现在停滞不前了。<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方,转移到太平洋 沿岸。<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了,现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈,今天 下午四点半ー踏上蛇口码头,就感到无比的清新,感到ー草一木都非常亲切。<br />
<br />
“10月1日,蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话,那是大家的 功劳！<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的,思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上,我们ー定要 赶上和超过他们!”<br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时,宣布散会了,大家意犹未尽。<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了,我放弃了跟上去的打算。<br />
<br />
ハ、“搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
8月7日,袁庚开了一整天会,据说8日也不会有空,而9日ー早又要回香港 了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上,我给他写了一封信,说明这一次 如果不能和他交谈,我将等待,直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨,我把这封信 交给了エ业区党委副书记乔胜利,请他转交。<br />
<br />
8日上午,我到办公大楼访问王潮梁,两人刚坐下来,办公室副主任黄振超匆<br />
<br />
匆忙忙地叫我:“袁董回来了,快去见他!”<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉,说明另改时间,急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的,中间隔着大块的透明玻璃,老远就看 见了袁庚,他手里正拿着一大摞文件。<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候,黄振超在旁边向他说明:“只是见见面,不会占你很多 时间。”<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说:<br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的?来搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了,而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。我 知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。梁宪说过,前几年在北京开会,有一天袁庚 看了张洁的小说《爱,是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章,问他:“你认识这个作家 吗?咱们把她请到蛇口去!”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所 了解的,“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。<br />
<br />
我也笑着说:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋,要写你和蛇口。”<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下,舒服地往藤椅上一靠,摆出了准备 谈ー阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好,这里问题多得 很,改革每前进ー步都要经过斗争,到处充满着矛盾。”<br />
<br />
我说:“正是这一点吸引了我。”<br />
<br />
“ー个国家没有民主是不行的,而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。 我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国,政治家演说,群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿 扔他,他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的,但这ー套对巩固资产阶级的统 治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底,孙中山是 想搞民主的,他死得太早,没搞成。中华民族是伟大的,但是历史的包袱太重了。”<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿,她在美国学企业管理,谈起来也说:在 美国深有感慨,感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重〇<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族,就没有什么框框,我在报告会上也说了,他们的总督牌香烟广 告有一句口号是’想做就去做’,这句话香港也接受不了,译成’应做就去做’〇当 然,想干什么就干什么是不行的,但我们许多应干的事却干不成。”<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历,他扼要地做了回答,着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命” 中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时,这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来,<br />
<br />
微笑着站在那里不动,我知道是催他去开会,我们的谈话该结束了。<br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志,我们马上又赶到 太子宾馆,和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢,对监狱内外情形 都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说:<br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨,出来就蔦儿了,可是他不,他的劲头反而更大了。”<br />
<br />
我心里说:这オ是袁庚!<br />
<br />
过了几天,乔胜利对陈宜浩说:“袁董看了我的信,答应下次回来再和我谈。” 可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。<br />
<br />
8月25日上午,我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息,急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联 系。但是太迟了,他过了中午又要回香港,而上午的时间已经排满,就在和我通话 的时候,他不得不放下电话去开门。他说:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧,不要紧的,我们没有秘密。”<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访,ー时想不齐全,只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字, 他ーー做了回答:“这些也要发表吗?”我说:“不一定发表。”他说:“发表也没关系, 那天我讲话外国人也听了。”<br />
<br />
我说:“将来排出校样,送给你看看好吗?免得事实有出入。”<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查,出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的,难免出点差 错。捅点娄子也不要紧。”<br />
<br />
“好了,谢谢您。”<br />
<br />
“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。<br />
<br />
一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观,来到铝材厂门口时,他向学 员们介绍:这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人,23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起 来,大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停エ,ー个工人从高处摔下来受了伤,他的哥哥跑 过去看了看,见弟弟没有生命危险,便又回去干活了。<br />
<br />
袁庚说:“日本不富没有天理!中国改革不富也没有天理!”<br />
<br />
现在我想说:蛇口的改革不成功没有天理!<br />
<br />
九、大鹏魂<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚,魁梧、潇洒,兼有外交家和实业家的风度,具有一种吸引人的魅 カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢?<br />
拨开历史的迷雾,我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园,算 是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。<br />
<br />
1935年,他毕业于广州广雅中学,随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测 量员,他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校,陈济棠下台后,这家军校成了国民党中央军 校的分校。在学校里,袁庚是活跃的足球门将,练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕 业,他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官,ー个个腐化不堪,对民族危亡无动于衷,便愤 然回到故乡大鹏镇,担任第一小学校长,同时兼任地方自卫队教官。<br />
<br />
学校是国民党办的,自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的,但是学校和自卫队中都有 中共地下党员。<br />
<br />
戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚,在当地是ー个重要人物,三种政治力量对他都很 重视。<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文,和他住到ー起,亲自考察他。<br />
<br />
革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
<br />
1939年3月27日,袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党,从这ー 天起,他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。<br />
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当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党 的漫画,刺痛了国民党区党部,他的处境变得危险了,党组织于!939年冬天把他转 移到党领导的抗日游击队,从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子, 像大鹏ー样展翅高飞了。<br />
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抗日战争期间,美军作为盟军,在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组,担任东纵联 络处处长的袁庚,和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示,东纵和美 军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报,对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。<br />
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日寇投降时,英军远在缅甸,ー个海军少将只率领ー营人乘航空母舰赶到香 港。他的兵力不足以维持治安,要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央,中 央复电:为了对付国民党的内战阴谋,坚决撤离港九地区;同时要求在香港设立联 络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判,袁庚不辱使命,漂亮地完成了任务,并成为驻 香港办事处的第一任主任,这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能 想到,历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折,二十多年后,这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。<br />
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十、秦城监狱<br />
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1968年4月6日,袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家,到机关去上班。北京的4月 初,春寒料峭,风沙迷眼,加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报,形成一片肃杀气氛,使袁 庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作,刚告一段落,还来不及喘口气, 就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息,他于愤 懑中保持着镇定。<br />
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回到办公室不久,有人通知:“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门,看到 除部长之外,还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长,面孔板得像 ー座木雕。<br />
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“袁庚,你被捕了!”<br />
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下午,机关召开大会,部长在会上宣布:“袁庚是美国特务,已经依法逮捕。”袁 庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和 刘丹ー,互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周 总理安全的情景,记忆犹新,那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间,周旋于华侨社会 之中,眼睛熬红了,人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场,天理何在?!<br />
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与此同时,汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中,勒令交出所有的钥匙,开始抄家。 翻箱倒柜,从下午抄到天黑,然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时,オ发现三个 孩子被关在门外不准进家,左邻右舍也不敢收留,孩子们在抹眼泪……<br />
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从此以后,袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里,也不知是死是 活,到哪里打听都说不知道。!969年,汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校,孩 子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”,但作为“反革命家属”， 她只能干最脏最累的活,如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎,痛得胳膊抬 不起来,医生建议回北京治疗,干校就是不准。直到!972年初夏,她的大孩子中印 就要下乡插队了,她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服,打点行装,オ被批准。<br />
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1972年7月,袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后,有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去 探监。“他还活着,他还活着!”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。<br />
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汪宗谦心酸地发现,袁庚行走困难,说话声音也变了,而且他不知道当时是何 年何月！<br />
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原来监狱里日夜亮着灯,犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替,失去了时间的概念;<br />
睡觉时只准脸朝外,一条腿总是压在下边,时间长了造成萎缩;长期不讲话,声带都 沙哑了。<br />
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我曾经听说,袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西,只有放风时在天井里看到 墙根的小草。问他是不是这样,他说:<br />
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“不,还有蚂蚁,我对蚂蚁很有研究。”<br />
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这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量!<br />
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汪宗谦见过了袁庚,就为救他而奔走了。<br />
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“没见他不知道他死活,既然知道他还活着,我就怕他死了!问题还没搞清,死 了孩子们都得背黑锅呀!他住在楼上,要到楼下的天井放风,上下都很辛苦,我到 中央接待站去上访,请求把他搬到楼下来,这个要求被接受了。”<br />
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袁庚搬到楼下的ー间房,发现席子底下有一团花白的头发,他判断这里关过ー 个五十多岁的女同志。后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事,王光美 说:“没错,正是我住过的那间房。”<br />
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袁庚出狱,已是1973年9月30日,整整关了 5年半。<br />
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在狱中,睡觉时只要一转身,看守就在外边敲门。夜晚,敲门声常常把人惊醒。 袁庚回到家里,刚一入睡就惊醒了,这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年,这种心悸 病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能,却用了更长的时间。每天,汪宗谦搀 着袁庚,ー步,ー步,慢慢地走,越走越远,越走越快,走了一年之久,两条腿オ恢复 了平衡。<br />
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更可悲的是,有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子,出来不会走直路了,一走就 转圈,连马路也不能过。人啊,人！人的尊严到哪里去了！<br />
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经过一年多的休养治疗,1975年,袁庚被分配到交通部,当了外事局副局长。<br />
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ー恢复工作,袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体ー样活跃起来。<br />
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恢复工作之前,袁庚骑自行车上街,总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道,“不能开 慢点吗” !恢复工作之后,自己也坐上了小汽车,有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了, “不能靠边骑吗” !他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化,在心里警告自己道: “可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀!”<br />
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多年来,这成了他的一个信条。<br />
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十ー、香港第一课<br />
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1978年,做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚,以花甲之年改行搞经济,被派<br />
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到香港招商局担任副董事长。<br />
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招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日,招商局 香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱,从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。 历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长,所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。 从李鸿章算起,袁庚是第29任了。<br />
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香港招商局在极'左‘思想影响之下,经营单一,困守一隅,搞了几十年没有什 么发展。袁庚到任,根据中央定下的“以航运为中心,立足港澳,背靠内地,面向海 外,多种经营,工商结合,买卖结合”的方针,以铁腕大力整顿。<br />
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袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说:<br />
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“我到香港的第一课,就是买了一座大楼,非常便宜,只花了 6180万（港币）。 第一次交订金时,支票2000万。那天是星期五,当时讲好下午2点钟,在ー个律师 楼里,大家一手交钱,一手交货。我们开了 2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的 对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里,发动机都没有停。ー上去之后,大 家一手交货,一手交钱,签字。签完字,对方拿着支票,两个人夹住,下去了。剩下 ー个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度,马上存到银行里去了。 因为明天是礼拜六了,人家银行关门,礼拜天也关门,假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前 不到银行去交那个支票的话,他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支 票交给他。我们的财务去了,他回来向我们报告,他说当时那个场面是很动人的。 当然,我们闭着眼睛也能想到,资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重 视,当时浮动利息是!4厘,三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志,那就 无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去,回家。他没有这个观念!这就是香港第一课。 我也不怕自惭形秽,ー窍不通,我接触经济工作,仅仅是5年多前开始的。但ー开 始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多!招商局的子公司多的是,ー检查,发现支 票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了 ,换了一个华东 财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后,我就给他讲这个道理,ー个礼拜之内他就能够接 受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事,立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后,财源 滚滚而来。……这个’时间就是金钱’,不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我,其实 这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’,它说得比我还 厉害,时间重于金钱!”<br />
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招商局走上轨道,袁庚就考虑进ー步的发展了。1979年初,他和有关同志带 着在蛇口开发エ业区的蓝图,到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志 很感兴趣,当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给エ业区,袁庚还没有这个胆量,只要了<br />
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2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候,袁庚心里默默 地说:<br />
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“先念同志,签吧,您这ー笔下去,将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀!”<br />
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十二、淸新<br />
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1984年8月,蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅,迎面是ー架屏 风,正中间挂着一幅草书,苍劲流畅的书法,引人注目,细看那内容,更是气度非凡。 这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本,把它抄了下来。<br />
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登微波楼<br />
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微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
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时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
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宝安袁庚<br />
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我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
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我有同感。<br />
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蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
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六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
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晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
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啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
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十三、心血<br />
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清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
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ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
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1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
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这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
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施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
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午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
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下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
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厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
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的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
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我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
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我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
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龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
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“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
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“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
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“你有什么打算?”<br />
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“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
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“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
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“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
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在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
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十五、激动的工程师<br />
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7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
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蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
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边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
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“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
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的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
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“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
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46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
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他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
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王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
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袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
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管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
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当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
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“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
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“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
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“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
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“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
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“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
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“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
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“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
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“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
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“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
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了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
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父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
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“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
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当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
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“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
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“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
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“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
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“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
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第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
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12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
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1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
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王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
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“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
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“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
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“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
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“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
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“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
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“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
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“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
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王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
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十六、年轻的总经理<br />
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一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
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“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
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说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
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“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
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只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
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她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
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“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
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这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
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“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
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“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
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郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
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“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
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我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
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“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
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我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
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“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
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我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
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“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
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真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
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“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
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我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
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告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
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我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
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对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
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袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
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袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
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“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
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“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
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“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
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“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=155775Report CN EN 032023-06-12T02:51:50Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：5.痴情 */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情==<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with Long Hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies were always covered; whereas in the West, people loved nudity, which seemed to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个ー丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there was a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush and painting a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting was not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, had you ever thought that some of us would cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us would stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, would come like snowflakes. You might even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Were you fearless, or seized by a whim? You were out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he was painting.<br />
<br />
他站在一间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着一支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着ー张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stood in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looked disheveled, and his bosom was stained with different colors. His hair was long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there was a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exactly did you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound Train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it was today. The platforms were clean, the corridors were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the regions south of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North…<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像一块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, and cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man--that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes…"<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me…"<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows — the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"On a business trip? Or visit family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student at Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone…"<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What…"<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break…"<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man!"<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. The resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
"So I don't understand art…"<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多少欢聚与悲离的 故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉一线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小伙子,而是一个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
During the long journey, as the young people of the same generation, it was the fate to meet each other in this running train! In life, many stories of reunion and departure were drawn by the heavy line across the land! The girl was close to the small table by the window, resting her chin in the hand, listening to the young man talk, and watching his expression. It seemed that he was not a young guy, but a strong and confident man. Calculating his age, he was even a few years older than the girl. Why did he give that illusion before? Alas, the age of men was really hard to guess...<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为一个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是一个有抱负、有才华的人!”<br />
<br />
Out of the female’s sensitivity, the girl suddenly felt shy and embarrassed. The condescending arrogance that she had just showed was now reversed and replaced by her hazy admiration. The girl looked at the painter's dress again, and the non-matching colors of black and red were not so conspicuous. Although the painter's cotton jacket was still so black, the collar of the underwear was still so crooked, and the hair was still so disheveled, in the eyes of the girl, they all became the evidence that the young man was a bachelor who was immersed in art and had no time to take care of himself, which touched the girl's heart of compassion: "It seems that he is an ambitious and talented man!"<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
The painter took out his drawing board, spread the paper and said to the girl, "Please allow me to make a sketch of you."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
The girl nodded her head.<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简直像一个拙笨的新手。好半天,才抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
The painter drew very slowly, feeling ill at ease. The more he tried to draw well, the more nervous he became, and the brush was out of control. He was like a clumsy novice. After a long time, he apologized and said, "Sorry, I didn’t draw well…"<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来一看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会”了画家的灵犀。<br />
<br />
When the girl took it and looked, two red clouds rose on her cheeks. This sketch was not as good as the one of the mechanic, and those rigid lines were flaws of the work. To say it bluntly, she looked uglier in the painting than she really was. Is that what I look like? The girl had a reason to make a protest. However, she understood and forgave the painter with a sweet smile. Honestly, she didn't even want to see him too calm, too relaxed, like facing the model in the studio. The girl no longer regarded "resemblance in appearance" as so important, and she “understood tacitly” the painter's spirit.<br />
<br />
画纸的一角是签名和年月——袁运生,画于1964年2月。<br />
<br />
In one corner of the paper were the signature and date--Yuan Yunsheng, painted in February 1964.<br />
<br />
画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "Give it to you."<br />
<br />
姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
<br />
The girl said, "Thank you, I’ll keep it as a memory."<br />
<br />
“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信地址?”<br />
<br />
"You see, I was so careless that I forgot to ask your name." The painter said, "Could you write down your mailing address?"<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
<br />
The girl smiled: "My name is Zhang Lanying." And she wrote down the address on the painter's sketchbook.<br />
<br />
火车抵达浦口,他们已经像一对熟识的老朋友了。从一个艺术型的医学院学生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
<br />
When the train arrived in Pukou, they already looked like two old friends. Many common temperaments could be found between an artistic medical student and a serious artist. The passengers on the same train thought they had known each other for a long time and treated them as a couple, saying goodbye to them with the appellation of “you two”.<br />
<br />
画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空一样清澈,像江水一样深沉……<br />
<br />
The painter sent the girl to the shore of the Yangtze River, a wet wind blowing from the river. It was time to part, and both of them were reluctant to leave. Lanying looked at Yuan Yunsheng with the warm and fond gaze, and that means everything! As clear as the sky, as deep as the river…<br />
<br />
呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江交织起来的一见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
Heh! Pretty girl, you were too sentimental. Did you know him? The story of love at first sight, woven by the main Beijing-Pukou line and the winding Yangtze River, was too indiscreet.<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
<br />
The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River <br />
<br />
在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,一只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认真地涂抹着油彩,画出一个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
<br />
In the days of glorious morning light of the 1950s, a young boy's delicate hand, holding a paintbrush, was earnestly spreading the paint on the linen to draw a little girl with the same earnest expression, who was imitating her sister's movement, tying a bright red scarf around her neck.<br />
<br />
这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐一样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
<br />
This oil painting was sent from Nantong in Jiangsu Province to Beijing as an assignment for applying for the highest academy of arts, presenting the young painter’s sparkling artistic talent and a crystal-clear heart. The title was "Growing up to be like my sister", painted by Yuan Yunsheng.<br />
<br />
看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年除夕送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出一批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的艺术功底。<br />
<br />
When looking at this oil painting, people might think that the painter had a soft and gentle femininity. In fact, he was just the opposite. He was stubborn and unrestrained, like a boisterous colt. His love of painting since childhood was mainly influenced by his father. His father worked in a middle school in Nantong. In his spare time, he enthusiastically collected various fine art works. Every year on the New Year’s Eve, they would bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new, and his father would always hang a number of new paintings on the wall, including Chinese and foreign ones, like a small exhibition, full of the atmosphere of the art salon. The paintings collected at home gave Yuan Yunsheng some enlightenment in art. When he got a little bit older, he went to the Cultural Center in Nantong to participate in activities, attend lectures, learn to sketch, and paint, laying the first foundation of art.<br />
<br />
当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来一副犟脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
<br />
When he applied to the Central Academy of Fine Arts, his father said with worry: "The boy was born with stubbornness, which makes us uneasy."<br />
<br />
哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,一个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人 需要有个性。”<br />
<br />
His brother Yuan Yunfu, who was also involved in fine art, kept cheering him on: "Go ahead. people involved in fine art needs to have a personality."<br />
<br />
1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
<br />
In the summer of 1955, the Central Academy of Fine Arts announced the admission of new students, Yuan Yunsheng ranking the first.<br />
<br />
如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画派。这是19世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画就像一部小说或一出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝圣者像请佛一样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
<br />
If Yuan Yunsheng's work for the entrance examination could be classified as a certain school of art, it would be the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions. It was a progressive school of painting that emerged in Russia in the 19th century. It simulated life, emphasized themes, and focused on plot. A painting was like a novel or a play. It inherited Rembrandt’s tradition of realism and absorbed the Impressionism’s achievements in the use of light and color. After the October Revolution, it enjoyed the supreme position in the Soviet art circle and was invited to China by Chinese pilgrims, like inviting the Buddha. Of course, Yuan Yunsheng, only 17 years old, did not know the essence of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, let alone that the school of art was linked to the school of politics.<br />
<br />
他像奔跑在艺术山野 里的小鹿,一头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
<br />
Like a fawn running in the wilderness of art, he bumped into the arms of Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions.<br />
<br />
袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身 好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件 和艺术才能的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖力气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严格的训练——<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng was highly regarded by the academy. He was born in a good family (it was rare to have such a family background at that time) and excelled in the examination. He sat in the first-year classroom with a nimbus of political condition and artistic talent hanging over his head. He was elected as the commissary of Communist Youth League in charge of organization, who was totally the epitome of a socialist-minded and professionally competent man. He was also a real hard worker, and was very stubborn, taking everything seriously. Under the guidance of Soviet-style teaching methods, he received strict training--<br />
<br />
挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与被画者保持绝对的耐性 。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面 ”,画上一整天,只画了半个头像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履的中年人走过来,这是礼聘 来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供同学们观摩。<br />
<br />
Choosing a HB pencil, and sharpening it, and sketching in front of male and female models. The models were recruited at a very high price, both nude and non-nude. Under certain lights, the painter and the object stayed absolutely patient. He sketched out the outline at first, figured out the “light and plane”, and then drew all day long, only to have half picture of the head; the next day, the same scene was repeated under the same conditions; then, a middle-aged man with a high nose and deep eyes, dressed in a suit, came over, who was an expert invited cordially. Whenever he passed behind Yuan Yunsheng, his face often showed a look of satisfaction. Yuan Yunsheng got five points for all his sketches and oil paintings, which were sometimes hung in the classroom or in the corridor for students to watch.<br />
<br />
这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉柯夫教学体系。-袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀——苏联在中国土地上开办的艺术工厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
<br />
That year, a sketch and oil painting teaching conference of national fine art academies was held in Beijing to promote the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union. A half-length portrait of a Chinese woman painted by Yuan Yunsheng was shown off on the conference--a standard mode produced by the art factory of the Soviet Union in China.<br />
<br />
苏联专家的宠儿 ,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
<br />
He was the favorite of the Soviet experts, and the pride of the Oil Painting Department. He had a lot of success and a bright future. He immersed himself in the painting all day long, with his hand keeping waving, like a devout disciple prostrating himself before his art idol, and praying that his soul would ascend to the temple of art, seating on a throne surrounded by roses with a crown of pearls… It was the highest ideal for college students majoring in oil painting at that time.<br />
<br />
但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
<br />
But the naive faith was not solid, like an edifice built on a thin and narrow foundation, which could easily collapse. Once it was subverted, it could cause endless troubles.<br />
<br />
苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便朝那里走去。他停在一帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来一阵电灼般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
<br />
Distress had come to him, and he brought it upon himself. One morning, he heard that there was an exhibition of paintings being held in the hall, and went there. He stopped in front of a sequence of copies of the oil paintings, casting a calm glance upon it, and his whole body felt an electric sensation. His heart was shaking, and his blood was boiling.<br />
<br />
这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风 的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的感情,像酒一样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
<br />
These were the works of the European Post-Impressionist painter Van Gogh, with ordinary and simple images: fields, haystacks, a clock reflected by the setting sun, and sunflowers in clay pots. In addition, there were some portraits of ordinary people: postmen, miners, movers, and inmates who were released for yard time. In these unpretentious pictures, the author poured out the strongest feelings, as strong as wine, like a flame burning!<br />
<br />
看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格 。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生——向日葵,仿佛摇身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探求……这哪里是绘画呀 ,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每一线条和每一色块都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
<br />
Look, the jagged trees were rebellious. The undulating earth seemed to tell of suffering. <br />
The painter poured deep feelings into those ordinary people. The still-life painting --sunflowers, seemed to turn into a living thing, stretching out its jumble of tentacles to the frozen space, capturing, swaying, and indefatigably seeking… It was not a painting, but a call of the painter's life, a representation of his character! Every line and every color block were flowing, coming through invisible channels to clamp people, annihilate them to a great vortex of emotion…<br />
<br />
袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被一支锐利的艺术之箭射穿了。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng walked out of the hall, with his legs wobbling, as if he was drunk, was hurt. His heart was pierced by a sharp arrow of art.<br />
<br />
他回到宿舍,一头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高才生转瞬间变成西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
<br />
He went back to the dormitory and threw himself onto the bed. It was ironic that a top student of the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union became a captive of the Western European Post-Impressionism in an instant.<br />
<br />
宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地问 :“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
<br />
When the door of the dormitory opened, his roommate came in. Seeing him pale and tired, he asked in surprise, "Yunsheng, what happened to you?"<br />
<br />
“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
<br />
"I went to see an exhibition of Van Gogh's paintings." Yuan Yunsheng sat up in bed and said, "I've never been so excited by the works of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions..."<br />
<br />
他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的基础。有这个就够了。下一步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚 。<br />
<br />
He expressed his thoughts. In his opinion, the merit of Soviet painting theory lied in the emphasis on placing the object under certain light, observing the levels and hues with a subtle look, and tracing it carefully, which was the basis of all paintings. It was enough. The next step was to break free and move forward, not to limit themselves.<br />
<br />
他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧上了天 ,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在干着什么蠢事呀? ……<br />
<br />
He was right. Throughout the history of art, each school had its own process of formation, development, vicissitudes, and ups and downs. The Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions deserved its place in the art circle without dispute. But once it was praised to the skies, and promoted by administrative means, it would be counterproductive and bring suffocating disaster to the art. In fact, in the 1950s, painters all over the world, including Soviet painters, were running, exploring and innovating. And how stupid we were! ...<br />
<br />
袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头 ,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng said excitedly: "We follow behind them and pick up what they have thrown away!"<br />
<br />
好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,一个几亿人的社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎 。<br />
<br />
His good friends were familiar with his character and sympathized with his comments, but they worried about him. At that time, a society of hundreds of millions of people prostrated itself before Soviet idols, and his words were tantamount to a form of blasphemy.<br />
<br />
从那以后,他变得不大安分了, 一头温驯的伏尔加式的 小鹿,现出烈性马驹的本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标。<br />
<br />
From then on, he became rebel. A tame fawn, like the one on the Volga car, showed the true colors of a boisterous colt. In addition to completing the homework as usual, he improvised with mixed painting techniques, as if he was pursuing an ethereal goal.<br />
<br />
目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
<br />
The goal, was finally found, unexpectedly close at hand.<br />
<br />
从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭一张学生证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹…… <br />
<br />
From the Shuaifuyuan where the Central Academy of Fine Arts was located, crossing the big roundabout between Wangfujing and Bamiancao, the Donghua Gate of the National Palace Museum was about a mile away. At that time, students from the Academy of Fine Arts enjoyed a special privilege. They could freely enter the imperial garden of ancient Chinese art with only a student ID card. Here he saw Chen Laolian’s “Bogu Yezi (A kind of card played while drinking in ancient China)” in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan’s “Qingming Shanghe Tu (Along the River During the Qingming Festival)” in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a large number of authentic works of famous painters of the Tang Dynasty…<br />
<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
<br />
His favorite work was the "Luo Shen Fu (The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River)" by Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.<br />
<br />
长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象力!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人,栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱翔……<br />
<br />
Long scroll, romantic conception, how imaginative! The landscape was peaceful and spacious, with quiet and wonderful rivers and mountains; the figures were lifelike, dancing in the air. Was the resemblance in appearance? Was the resemblance in spirit? Between likeness and unlikeness, that was the author's mind soaring…<br />
<br />
他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条表现出高超的魅力。<br />
<br />
He put his eyes close to the scroll. The brush strokes, appearing ageless for thousands of years, like the spring silkworms spinning fine and exquisite silk, drew freely. He thought of the Soviet oil painting theory that denied the existence of lines. But in Chinese painting, the general and terse lines showed the high charm.<br />
<br />
站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他的思绪如抛出的一缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
<br />
Standing in this ancient resplendent hall, a long flowing river of art swept passed by before his eyes, and his thoughts stretched out like a wisp of gossamer. If we compared the fashionable Western art and the ancient Oriental art to two poles, there seemed to be something between the two poles that was closely related. Oh, he understood. When we got into a mut, ignored what was near and seek what was far away, those elves and devils of abstractionism, fauvism, modernism and futurism quietly got essence and extracted nutrients from the Oriental art to strengthen their bodies. That was the secret.<br />
<br />
祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
<br />
Motherland, your art is not water, not wine, not milk, but the magical royal jelly!<br />
<br />
虎丘<br />
<br />
Huqiu<br />
<br />
兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
<br />
After parting with the painter in Pukou, Lanying returned to school in Suzhou. In the blink of an eye, it was March. With spring breeze and newly sprouted willow trees, the town of flowing water under bridges liked a young girl, who was unveiled, affectionate with a lot of charm. <br />
<br />
姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
<br />
The girl's state of mind was also bright like waking spring.<br />
<br />
她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认识一下,如果手头有照片,请寄来一张。<br />
<br />
She received the painter’s letter from Nantong. The style of writing was free and easy. In the girl’s words: "The level is quite high!" The letter recalled the unforgettable scene on the train and expressed his feelings of missing her. He also said that his parents and brothers would like to get to know the girl, and if she had photos, please sent one.<br />
<br />
兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选一张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息一样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
<br />
Lanying opened the photo album without hesitation, selected a small photo, attached a short reply, and sent it to Nantong. This small act contained an unusual meaning, just like the shortest electromagnetic microwave can transmit significant information, it clearly expressed: the girl agreed to be his girlfriend.<br />
<br />
兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
<br />
Lanying's upbringing conditioned her to making her own decisions. She was born in Shandong province and grew up in the regions south of the Yangtze River. After her parents died, she moved with the troops from childhood. Wherever she went, it was her home, and she developed the ability to live independently. Over the years, she always received the warmth from the group and her female companions, but was never constrained. Perhaps she was a bit spoiled and coaxed by others, which made her form a stubborn personality.<br />
<br />
此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,一见钟情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
<br />
At the moment, she had a novel feeling that she was happier than the people around her. Because she had a right man in her heart, who affected her emotions. She silently enjoyed the secret pleasure of the young girl in love for the first time. She even imagined that once the secret was revealed, how surprised and envious her female companions would be! In their minds, her vison was very high. She was great looking and came from a privileged background. No male classmates dared to develop a relationship with her. It was not easy to take her fancy. It was done so artfully, neither by her parents’ choice, nor by the match-maker’s recommendation. She met him on a trip, and fell in love at first sight, bringing everything lime a whirlwind, so that the girl was full of desire for a better life. It was really romantic! So, she wove the future scenarios with sweet silk, anxiously waiting for the response from Nantong. Did he receive her letter? Would the painter's parents comment her when looking at her photo? Was she too pretty, or not enough? Alas! It was really hard to guess… The girl's heart was like the weather in the south of the Yangtze River in March. The temperature and weather changed abruptly.<br />
<br />
学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
<br />
The school was preparing for the Women's Day celebration. Lanying was the commissary in charge of entertainment of the class, a major role that bore a heavy burden of responsibility. The time passed quickly as she arranged the programs, made a blackboard newspaper, and decorated the venue.<br />
<br />
“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄起话筒,一惊一喜——那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
<br />
On Woman’s Day, the curtain was opened, and everyone was watching the stage. Suddenly someone called Lanying to answer the phone. She took up the microphone, and was surprised and delighted--it was the painter calling from the school's reception office.<br />
<br />
兰英极力掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,一阵风似的跑到学校的门口。<br />
<br />
Lanying tried to hide his excitement, turned to the students, vaguely explained a few words, and ran to the school gate like a gust of wind.<br />
<br />
画家站在那里,手中照例拿着一个速写本。<br />
<br />
The painter stood there, holding a sketchbook in his hand as usual.<br />
<br />
“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
<br />
"When did you arrive?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I just got off the train. I was passing through here after the home leave." The painter said.<br />
<br />
“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
<br />
"Please come in, do you … want to draw some sketches for our celebration?"<br />
<br />
“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……” <br />
<br />
"Not going in. I'd like to invite you out for a walk…"<br />
<br />
兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意味着向人生的一个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
<br />
Lanying hesitated for a moment. She was willing to accept the request, but also felt embarrassed. Since she entered the period of youth and became mature, Lanying spent this day with her female companions every year. Today she was going to leave her group, which meant saying goodbye to a stage of life. She thought about the discipline of the school, the opinion of classmates...<br />
<br />
“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
<br />
"Where are we going?" Lanying asked shyly.<br />
<br />
“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
<br />
"Huqiu." The painter's expression did not change.<br />
<br />
当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
<br />
When they got off the bus and stood at the foot of Huqiu Hill, the girl's uneasy heart was quieted down and relaxed. <br />
<br />
和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深”。沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
<br />
Compared with the small gardens in Suzhou City, Huqiu was a broad and quiet place to visit. The first two lines of Bai Juyi's poem on Huqiu were " The temple doesn't look far away, but it's very deep in the garden.” Walking along the stone path to the garden, there were many pines and cypresses, clear and blue sword pool, thick and tall groves of bamboo hiding the buildings and pavilions on the hillside: Temple of Chloris, Three Smiles pavilion... Walking deeper and there was more quiet, like walking into a sweet dream.<br />
<br />
这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在一起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
<br />
It was the first time Lanying had been alone with a man. There were mysterious waves in the girl’s heart. She felt that she had a lot to say to the painter, but she didn't know where to start.<br />
<br />
“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
<br />
"Have you received the photo?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I received. My family saw it and they all like you." The painter said.<br />
<br />
可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术。他对这一带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而倾倒。<br />
<br />
But the painter soon changed the subject. He commented on the local customs and culture of Suzhou and introduced the plastic art of the regions south of the Yangtze River. He seemed to be familiar with the area and knew a lot of anecdotes. The girl listened to him with great interest and was overwhelmed with admiration by the painter's profound knowledge.<br />
<br />
前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去 ,仿佛在祝福这一对美好的情侣。突然,一股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
<br />
Huqiu Pagoda was just ahead. The towering spire thrust into the blue sky and white clouds, magnificent and magical. Lanying and the painter ran towards the top of the hill with excitement. The painter stretched out his strong arm to support the girl. They were so close to each other, feeling the heat of each other's breath and heart beating. Pines, cypresses, and bamboo forests swayed backwards, as if they were blessing the wonderful couple. Suddenly, with a blazing feeling, they both stopped at the same time.<br />
<br />
这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰一样醉红,双唇像微微绽开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己一样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后一瞬……<br />
<br />
Here was surrounded by hills and trees, empty and silent. The painter stared at the girl with a frank and honest look; Lanying closed her eyes happily, ready to receive a baptism of love that would never be forgotten. The golden sunlight, through the branches of the trees, cast waving shadows on the girl’s face. Her cheeks were as red as roses, and her lips were like slightly blooming petals, more beautiful than usual. What a pure girl. Opening the window of her heart, there wasn’t any trace of dust and impurities. Although it was her second meeting with the painter, she trusted him and life as she trusted herself. Hold her tight, kiss her with fervor. She would be yours forever, from now until the last moment of your life…<br />
<br />
“兰英,我要告诉你一件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是‘右派’！”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I’ll tell you something." What she heard at this moment was the painter’s calm voice, “The first time was too late and the second time is not too late. I was classed as a 'rightist' when I was in college. Really, it was the 'rightist'!”<br />
<br />
霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
<br />
All of a sudden, the hills and trees, the ancient pagoda, were frozen in a deathly silence…<br />
<br />
孤岛上<br />
On a Lonely Island<br />
<br />
到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。1957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
<br />
Have you ever been to an island of the sea? The water and sky seemed to be mixed up together. The clouds came and went, and tide rose and fell. The island was a poem, a fresh and meaningful poem. At the turn of spring and summer in 1957, Yuan Yunsheng was in a poetic environment.<br />
<br />
他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
<br />
He went deep into the life on the island and practice drawing from nature. The Central Academy of Fine Arts required that second-year students had a two-month internship course; before the summer vacation, students went to different parts of the country. He and another student were the only ones who participated in the trip to the island. It was located on the shore of the Yellow Sea. There were only troops on the island, and no residents for miles around. The island provided him with a fortunate environment, getting away from the noise and disputes of the human world, and escaping the violent turmoil that happened in the mainland.<br />
<br />
小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体 ,心情是焦渴的。当蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
<br />
People on the island were closest to nature. Every morning, carrying the paint box on his back, he wandered on the beach covered with light yellow gravel and welcomed the first ray of happy sunshine. At the age of only eighteen, Yuan Yunsheng had already stood out from the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions and became a hazy composite of Chinese Classicism Painting and Western Modernism Painting, who was anxious. The blue sea sprinkled ten thousand golden stars and the sunglow filled his heart with brilliant colors. It was the moment when the young artist's life was burning. He hurriedly opened the paint box, spread the canvas and accepted the generous offer of nature.<br />
<br />
小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左右,才有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
<br />
The island was simple. Politics was proportional to the population, and there were fewer political topics here. Only a barge arrived to deliver newspapers and mail every ten days or so. While he and his companion were eating, they hastily opened the newspapers and skim through them. He was curious about the articles that appeared in the newspaper:<br />
<br />
“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好啦……”<br />
<br />
"Beijing is allowing the people to express their views now. This article is interesting. This opinion should be adopted. Changing it like this will be good…"<br />
<br />
他看完报纸一扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块和线条的运用。<br />
<br />
He threw the newspaper away after reading it and then forgot about it. He did not care about anything else except painting. His road of life was bright, full of sunshine, with no clouds hanging over him and nothing to worry about. All he cared about was the use of light, color blocks and lines.<br />
<br />
年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队的宣传干事带到一间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
<br />
The only political question the young artist faced was raised by the local soldiers. One day, he was taken to a humble shed by a publicity officer of the troops, and a pair of trusting eyes were cast upon him.<br />
<br />
“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, you have asked to go to another island to paint, right?"<br />
<br />
“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
<br />
"Yes, we want to go there."<br />
<br />
“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
<br />
"The troops have studied it. You can go, but your classmate stays."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查 。你们学校填写了两份材料,你的情况单纯 。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
<br />
"A permanent military project is being built on the island. Those who go there have to pass a political vetting. Your college filled out two documents, and your background is simple. Your classmate can't go, mainly because of family problems…"<br />
<br />
袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是一种荣幸,既然生活当中存在这样一些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng frowned. It was an honor to be invited alone. Since there were such rules in life, he went to there alone and no one could blame it. But it brought him more trouble than excitement. He knew his classmates. They were all members of the Communist Youth League and were the backbone of the students. Why should they be distinguished? With his artistic way of thinking, he decided that it was a proposition of conscience and friendship.<br />
<br />
“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
<br />
"Hey, I got it." He went back to the dorm and said to his companion, "The island is building fortifications, drilling and blasting, filled with smoke. There is nothing to paint. We've been out for a long time, let's just go back to the college!"<br />
<br />
不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大 登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活见鬼 !中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
<br />
Soon, he and his classmate crossed the sea and landed at Lvda City. The cool sea breeze blew against the beautiful city, arousing interest in sightseeing. They wandered the streets. The scenery was charming, the buildings were quirky and everywhere was full of Russian atmosphere. When Yuan looked up at the signposts, which wrote the street names like “Makarov”, he complained: "Damn it! Why does the street of a Chinese city have to be named after a Russian general? What a bummer…" A few days later, they stood in the blue harbor, casting a last glance at the ocean waves, and turned around to set foot on the way back.<br />
<br />
不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
<br />
He didn’t expect that it was a farewell to the blue life.<br />
<br />
北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷 ,使海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头 ,有碍“百花齐放”。袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
<br />
Beijing had changed. Returning from the island, he was amazed by the swift counterattack, the overwhelming criticism, and the petals scattered on the ground in the campus. What puzzled him most was the situation of Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the academy. He heard that the secretary of the Party Committee made a mistake because he advocated the revolutionary school of painting too far, which hindered "all flowers blooming together". Yuan Yunsheng really didn’t understand what the “revolutionary school of painting” had to do with the “rightist”.<br />
<br />
袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? 一连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng hid in the dormitory, immersing himself in gathering up his sketches. Perhaps, he was safe. He advocated inheriting ancient Chinese art and drawing on western modern art, which should be conducive to the "blooming of a hundred flowers". How could he not be safe. For several days, he chased the white clouds, waves and seagulls, lost in the memories of his trip to the sea…<br />
<br />
有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像一个漏了税的走私犯接受审讯。<br />
<br />
One day, he was suddenly called to the classroom and stood in front of the people, like a smuggler being tried for tax evasion.<br />
<br />
摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名——“反苏” 。 <br />
<br />
He was faced with a host of problems: deviant views in art, sympathetic remarks to the "rightist", "poisoning" on the island and in Lvda, and a terrible accusation throughout it--"anti-Soviet".<br />
<br />
究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐 ,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
<br />
The answer to who denounced him could be found by using elementary mathematics, but it was meaningless. Since he had thought so, and said, he said bluntly to anyone, with an honest heart.<br />
<br />
他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他一挥手:“请你到外面等一会儿。”<br />
<br />
He racked his brain to repeat what he had said, and the presenter waved to him: "Please wait outside for a moment."<br />
<br />
他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听见屋里在争论。<br />
<br />
He left the classroom and stood in the corridor, feeling relieved and comfortable. The corridor was only one door away from the classroom, and he heard an argument in the room.<br />
<br />
有人说:“够了……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "That's enough…”<br />
<br />
有人说:“还不够……”<br />
<br />
Someone said: "Not enough...”<br />
<br />
有人说:“态度还好……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "The attitude is not bad…"<br />
<br />
他的好友在替他争辩,另一些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
<br />
His best friends were arguing for him, and others were insisting on something, which sounded interesting. Then there was silence… Then, he was called back to the classroom.<br />
<br />
“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, after research, you've been classified as a 'rightist'!"<br />
<br />
政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色——红与黑。点朱泼墨,二者居其一,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不同,观点对立,照样用黑笔一勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
<br />
The oil painting box of the political movement had only two colors--red and black, which was different from the oil painting box of the artist. The only way to choose between cinnabar and ink was to rely on fortune-telling. He and Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, were of different ages, different background colors, and opposing views, but they were both outlined by black brushes with the same destination and the painting procedures were highly simplified.<br />
<br />
晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
<br />
In the evening, he rode the bike to Baijiazhuang, where his brother Yuan Yunfu lived. He rocked back in the sofa: "I am."<br />
<br />
哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
<br />
His brother smiled and asked, "What are you?"<br />
<br />
“我是’右派’了。”<br />
<br />
"I'm a 'rightist' now."<br />
<br />
“呵?”哥哥大吃一惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
<br />
"Huh?" His brother was astonished, "What mistake did you make?"<br />
<br />
“我没犯错误。”<br />
<br />
"I didn't make a mistake."<br />
<br />
“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
<br />
"Then why are you classified as a 'rightist'?"<br />
<br />
“他们说我是,就是啰 。”<br />
<br />
"They said I am. So I am."<br />
<br />
“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
<br />
"No! No!" His brother was trembling.<br />
<br />
“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
<br />
"What’s wrong with that?" He said evenly, "I still paint, still go to school, still engage in arts."<br />
<br />
他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山造湖,兴修水库,一颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地指挥部,请求一边干活一边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人来访。<br />
<br />
He really did not know pain yet. Soon after, hundreds of thousands of people in the capital swarmed to the out to the suburbs to move mountains and create lakes and build reservoirs in the gorge of the Ming Tombs, and a naive heart was touched. He thought how good it would be to see so many people working together to do one thing. He took his oil painting box and rode more than one hundred miles by bike to the construction headquarters, asking to be able to work and spent his spare time painting. They refused, explaining that according to the regulations, they would not accept personal visits.<br />
<br />
又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他一个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
<br />
Shortly afterward, he went into the construction site by bus with a large group of people from the Central Academy of Fine Arts. How excited he was! He did as much work alone as several men together, carrying six baskets for holding earth on one pole, and running fast on the rugged mountain road. At noon, when others took a nap, he held his painting clipboard and went to the mountain to paint under the scorching sun. Until he was exhausted and staggered back to the shed, he still didn’t feel bitter. Because it was her own choice. He was motivated by the boiling life and generously gave his energy, feeling that it was a great pleasure.<br />
<br />
可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成呵斥的嗓门,一张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了——仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
<br />
But the atmosphere in the shed had changed. The students gathered around him, pointing at him, and saying that he was disobedient, did not accept reform, and should not paint anymore… He was stunned. He didn’t know that it was a criticism meeting, and he didn’t understand what they said. He only felt that familiar eyes became harsh eyes, intimate expressions became indifferent expressions, and peaceful voices became scolding voices. Their mouths were moving, and their hands were shaking. Suddenly he understood--just one thing: he was different from others!<br />
<br />
他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
<br />
He opened his bloodshot eyes wide, wriggled his dry lips, and fell down with his hands on his head.<br />
<br />
过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
<br />
Because of overwork and mental stimulation, he contracted serious dysentery. The illness dragged on from summer to winter, and later he was sent to an unheated hut at college.<br />
<br />
小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活 ,学校当局不再放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他才感到了痛苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出一串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
<br />
The hut was cold and damp, where dripping water could freeze. His body was hot with a high fever. College authorities were no longer concerned about his condition. A year ago, he was the pride of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, who became an abandoned orphan now. He felt the pain, the pain of being strangled in art, exceeding the physical pain, like being pushed into a terrible hell. No! In the spiritual realm of art, there was only heaven, not hell. He was forced to learn to be inferior, but he could never learn it. In a coma, cluttered thoughts were flashing, as if he was flying after the seagulls, and dancing with the Goddess of the Luo River. He tossed and turned and struggled, with a series of moans, as if not willing to sink, but to climb out of the dark hell…<br />
<br />
屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
<br />
A faint white light came through the door and he heard the sound of footsteps. Looking there attentively, he found that his friend stood in front of the bed, casting sympathetic and concerned eyes at him.<br />
<br />
他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是一种负担。我需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
<br />
He sat up quickly: "Please don't come to see me again. I understand that it is a burden for others to be close to me. I need friendship, but not pity. What I need now is solitude, solitude, let me be alone!"<br />
<br />
新月<br />
<br />
The Crescent Moon<br />
<br />
夕阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野 闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对青年男女。<br />
<br />
The setting sun cast a golden glow on Huqiu and fell to the other side of the hill. The clear and quiet lights shimmered on the hill, which was connected to the transparent dusk, reflecting the stately profile of the millennium pagoda, like a contemplative old man overlooking a young couple on the hill.<br />
<br />
这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们一页一页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像一阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只残忍的巨手一挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择 。<br />
<br />
This moment was long enough for Lanying. There were tragedies and comedies in love stories that had been passed down through the ages, attracting people to read them page by page. However, the second page of Lanying's story was unbearable. The tender feelings of a girl who was in her first love: happiness, novelty, joy… For an instant they vanished like a gust of wind, as if with the wave of a cruel hand, everything sank, everything disappeared, and a problem was put before the girl, severe, cold, and emotionless, turning the sweet assignment into a cold choice of stakes.<br />
<br />
在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的一群 ,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以“杀气腾腾”“煽风点火 ”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁愿与鬼蜮联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
<br />
In those years, in this land, as long as people mentioned the "rightist", a bunch of greys flashed before their eyes, like shadows, like ghosts, as if they killed a man, committed arson, or poison something. It seemed that they were all charged with “murder”, “fanning the flames”, “drug trafficking” and so on. Their souls were sentenced to death, leaving only soulless shells of bodies. The shell, could breathe but could not speak, and must work but could not harvest. The only tolerance that society gave them was to give them more time than convicts sentenced to death, turning their shells into mud. Who would want to be married to a ghost? Who wanted to be with a zombie? Lanying faced such a choice.<br />
<br />
在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每一个姑娘都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵——询问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,工资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称一称。爱情的内容转变了,转变为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义 。<br />
<br />
In an environment where marriage and politics were tied together, every girl had to make considerations, either to enjoy honor, or to have misfortunes with her husband. Under the same dusk, how many girls in the world were considering it--asking the man’s family background, political affiliation, education background, job, salary, rank… asking his direct value and everything indirectly translated into value, and then weighing them on the balance of love. The content of love had been transformed into the process of exchange of commodities, which gradually became common and natural.<br />
<br />
兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算 。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
<br />
Lanying had more rights to make her own decisions. She was receiving higher education. She would be a nurse in the future, whose had blood of martyrs in her veins. The organization was considering her to join the Communist Party of China. She was as proud as a daughter of an eminent family, as beautiful as Snow White… Every intersection of life would provide the green light for her. with sons from aristocratic families for her to choose and high position and great wealth to enjoy. But life seemed to play ticks on her. It was the black devil who came to her side, not the angel of love. It was not late to break off the relationship with him at once, and there was no obligation on conscience and morality.<br />
<br />
兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越 ,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气 。因此,她还不懂得利害。<br />
<br />
Lanying lost in painful thought. She was in a privileged situation and had pure experiences, remaining unspotted from the world. Therefore, she did not understand the stakes.<br />
<br />
政治运动对姑娘来说,像一场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些“右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她还时常听到这样的告诫:有才华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不断得到强化。<br />
<br />
The political movement was like a vague dream for the girl. In 1957, she was an innocent girl studying in middle school. She took part in the denunciation, with her mouth, with her pen, with her outraged feeling. The war was over before she could see the enemies clearly. She only saw the backs of the prisoners. Later, when the girl was a little older, whenever she heard that someone was a "rightist", she could not help but look at him with curiosity. She saw that most of the "rightists" were scholars, professors, artists, writers, business backbone, celebrities and so on. She also often heard the admonition: talented people often had strong personalities; people with strong personalities often suffered setbacks. The direct and converse theorem of real life had been repeated in various tones, and the girl’s impression of it was constantly reinforced.<br />
<br />
抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的嘲讽。<br />
<br />
The abstract concept of friend or foe formed a concrete conclusion in the girl's mind, which was a sad mockery of the solemn political movement.<br />
<br />
眼前的画家又是一个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离经叛道的歧路 ,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为政治问题?为什么要让一个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的才华……什么是才华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下一颗蓝色的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
<br />
The painter before her was another example. Because the painter opposed the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, he was declared to be on an unorthodox and evil path and was sentenced to death in politics. The girl could not understand why the issue of art had to be turned into a political issue? Why should a Chinese hot-blooded young man be sacrificed to a foreign altar as a lamb to be slaughtered? Wasn't it ludicrous? Such a ludicrous thing actually happened. Perhaps, it further proved that the painter was not a meek lamb, but a fearful calf, attracting jealousy from others. It further proved the painter’s courage and insight, indomitable nature and precious talent… What was talent? For the simplehearted girl, it was the light of life, the garland of youth, the transcendence of ignorance, the sublimation of knowledge. It made money and wealth eclipsed, made gain, loss, fame and bad reputation ruin and loss become a passing cloud, like a bright horizon that divided the clear sky and turbid earth. Foolish girls liked to adorn themselves with jewels, but noble girls were full of spiritual aspirations. She was willing to pick a blue star and set it on the heart of love... Lanying broke the silence and said to the painter in a deep voice: "Don't mention those things of your past to me again. I don't think you've made a mistake…"<br />
<br />
画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子 ,也是有限的宽恕,一切还同过去一样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "But everyone else thinks so. Even if they took the hat off, the forgiveness would be limited, and everything would be the same as before. You can't associate with people like me. You must consider the consequences."<br />
<br />
“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
<br />
"I don't care about the consequences. No matter what other people think, I trust my instincts."<br />
<br />
“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are your instincts?"<br />
<br />
“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
<br />
"My instinct is that you are talented!"<br />
<br />
这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激动的光辉:“世上有才华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
<br />
It was the highest praise for an "enemy of society”. Her tone showed a significant preference, which should bring enough relief to the painter. But the painter stood there with a stoney expression. The radiance of excitement in his gaze was worn away: "There are many talented people in the world, including glorious victors and miserable losers. Why do you prefer me? You’ll regret it in the future…"<br />
<br />
难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把才华糟蹋得像一块抹布的年月里,这句话,他不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子无才便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,才华再也不是令知识分子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
<br />
No wonder the painter reacted indifferently. It was not the first time he had heard the phrase in the years when his talent was ruined like a rag. Anyone could give it to him. Beneath the hypocritical compliment was a deliberate mockery. "A woman without talent is virtuous", now also applied to men. Even if he was trampled underfoot, mercilessly flogged, covering with cuts and bruises, they could pat him on the shoulder and told him to get up and go to work. At that time, talent was no longer a flower that made intellectuals have smug feelings, but a bitter medicine that touched their feelings of sorrow.<br />
<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
<br />
Lanying’s and the painter's eyes met. The painter's eyes, probing and frank, with a deep flame of self-esteem and some expectations, shot all the way to the girl's heart. Lanying could not resist this stare that could penetrate through everything, and her heart was shivering…<br />
<br />
兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费力气地获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被搞得阴阳颠倒！一时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到一颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙一样晶莹闪烁。<br />
<br />
Lanying suddenly remembered that it was her second meeting with the painter, in this quiet mountain forest, a secluded valley far away from the city. Wasn't today Women's Day? Ordinarily, he could easily win the girl’s heart with his gentleness and gallantry. However, he brought frustration, which couldn’t wait to broke the girl's calm. He said the truth, revealed the hidden pain, casting ominous clouds. He knew that it could cause irreversible consequences, but insisted on doing it. What exactly was it for? How upright and poised he was! Why was such a person said to be a terrible devil? The vanished soul? Life was so unfair! Honesty for disaster, cunning for glory, how much right and wrong in the world had been turned upside down! For a moment, Lanying felt that the ravine, valley and river in front of her had been filled in. Through the evening mist, she saw a sincere heart, glittering and shining like agates.<br />
<br />
兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
<br />
Lanying said excitedly, "I decided."<br />
<br />
画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "You love me?"<br />
<br />
“喜欢。”<br />
<br />
"Yes."<br />
<br />
“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
<br />
"What do I have to be loved?"<br />
<br />
“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
<br />
"Because you are honest, and love needs honesty."<br />
<br />
画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝 里滚动。<br />
<br />
The painter's whole body shocked, and he threw himself on the girl and buried his head in her arms. In one moment, the strong man turned into a child that curled up, with tears welling up in his eyes.<br />
<br />
一弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
<br />
A crescent moon rose. The ancient pagoda was solemn, and the bamboo forest whispered. The bright silver light shined on the girl, who was like a silver statue of goddess.<br />
<br />
画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
<br />
The painter was like embracing a treasure that he never wanted to lose. For many years, he lived and behaved with integrity, and infatuated with art. But no one had ever given such an evaluation on him. Today, the girl judged his conscience, filling his lonely heart with light. He was satisfied and relieved, feeling that he got the greatest reward for the hardship he had suffered for years…<br />
<br />
双桥<br />
<br />
Shuangqiao<br />
<br />
当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢——充当囚犯, 颠沛流离 ,饱尝辛酸……<br />
<br />
Contemporary artists have great passions to pursue their own artistic styles, and those who had suffered misfortune had unique styles that could not be replaced by others. Who wants to repeat their experience--to be a prisoner, to wander, to endure all kinds of hardships…<br />
<br />
翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
<br />
Open Repin’s collection, and look at ''Barge Haulers on the Volga''.<br />
<br />
我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石磙,弓着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下一闪一闪。<br />
<br />
There is a picture similar to ''Barge Haulers on the Volga'' before us, a living picture. The sun was hot, and the air was burning. On the golden wheat field, a young man pulled a stone roller with the posture of the barge hauler on the Volga. He bowed, head down, with a rope trip on his shoulder, hands almost down to the ground. Sweat was running down his bare back, glowing and winking in the sun.<br />
<br />
这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是最年轻的一个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石磙,一拉就是一天。<br />
<br />
This was Shuangqiao Farm in Beijing, one of the earliest state farms, which was famous for its mechanized production. But the artists from the Central Academy of Fine Arts did the work like animal labor. Yuan Yunsheng was the youngest among more than twenty people, who volunteered to do the heaviest work. He pulled the stone roller on the wheat field all day.<br />
<br />
二十几个人住在一间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。几年前,在他们头顶上发生的 那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成为一门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向两极。<br />
<br />
More than twenty people lived in a large room, with shabby windows and doors, and flies and mosquitoes flying freely in and out. There were two rows of wide beds for a number of people and tables made of wooden boards in the room. The dean, professors, teaching assistants and students were equally treated here. The explosion that happened above their heads a few years ago caused different reactions in each of them. Some were silent, some were endlessly repentant, some were calm, and some were trembling, just as the mechanics of the explosion developed into a unique craft, capable of both destruction and construction, making their spiritual models distinctly polarized.<br />
<br />
袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头一个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,一头畜力转眼间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng returned to the room from the wheat field, his first action was to fall on the drawing board by the bed. The animal became an artist with glittering eyes at once, just like the miracle of a magic show by a magician. With the drawing board under his arm, he looked for prey everywhere. He was the master of everything in the territory of visual image.<br />
<br />
他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着他。试问 ,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展示了情景交融的空间——略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
<br />
He doggedly innovated, of his own accord and under duress. He had to reform through labor, and made art at the same time, who needed to adapt to the new environment because he could not leisurely portray objects like oil painters. Applying the achievements of line modeling in Chinese painting to Western oil painting, which was a hazy pursuit before, now became a bright flame that attracted him strongly. Who had ever seen the existence of "line" in life? And he saw it. He observed the layers of light, analyzed the light and plane of the object, trying to grasp the moment when a plane met another plane. The changing, transitional, and wonderful division showed clear lines on the retina, which commanded the hand and pen through the processing of the brain, the exaggeration of emphasis and the appropriate deformation, drawing firm or soft lines on the sketch, as simple as Chinese paintings, as precise as Western paintings, like a Peking Opera artist on an empty stage, showing the space that feelings mingled with scenes with his nuanced hand movements, expression of eyes and body motions--a remarkable painting language that was slight but not empty, with real in its emptiness.<br />
<br />
他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
<br />
He figured it out. Since his paintings would never be cared again, let alone exhibited, he could let his pen draw freely. During the days in the farm, he made more than two thousand sketches with pens, brushes and pencils, far more than the number of assignments for students in fine art colleges. With heavy work and strong foundation, he went toward his goal. A large pile of sketches on his bedside was the accumulation of his faith and the ocean of spirit.<br />
<br />
住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
<br />
Among the people living in the same room, there was a stern elder who often watched the young painter's behaviors. He was Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy. Jiang Feng's gaze was astonished. He didn’t know his student before, but now he was touched by Yuan Yunsheng's enthusiasm for hard work and advancement.<br />
<br />
“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去！”<br />
<br />
"I really don't understand why the student like you should be labeled as a 'rightist'?" Jiang Feng said to Yuan Yunsheng, "Draw it. As long as you think it's right, you can draw it according to your will!"<br />
<br />
这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
<br />
It was the direct teaching Yuan Yunsheng heard from the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, not in the grand academy, but in the hard adversity. This teaching impressed him forever.<br />
<br />
一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
<br />
One day, people living in the same room held a review meeting. Some of them confessed as usual, but Jiang Feng declaimed, criticizing the proneness to boasting and exaggeration in publicity, the disconnect between economic policy and economic base, and the hazards of "Left" opportunism, just like a level-headed politician without the slightest self-consciousness of an offender. He was still him, maintaining human dignity, and exercising the rights of the brain and mouth. Yuan Yunsheng listened, filled with admiration.<br />
<br />
散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特儿是清癯的、憔悴的,一副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出一个美的灵魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
<br />
After the meeting, Jiang Feng read a book with his head on the desk. Yuan Yunsheng quietly picked up the drawing board and looked towards him. The model in front of him was skinny and haggard, with a contemplative look. However, in the painter's mind, a beautiful soul was reflected, as hard and transparent as diamonds. The painter used his brush to draw a portrait of him with ease and verve.<br />
<br />
“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
<br />
"Oh, I'm much thinner than before." Jiang Feng took the sketch and said with emotion, "Leave this painting to me. You and I have a memorable friendship…"<br />
<br />
这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
<br />
The sketch was paired with a frame, hanging in Jiang Feng's home for many years.<br />
<br />
一个被撤职的党委书记,一个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
<br />
A dismissed secretary of the Party Committee, and a young man forced to stop school. Neither of their personalities were distorted under the weight. Once the personality had overcome the ordeal, it was like cast iron. It was the same to admit it or not.<br />
<br />
雨纷纷<br />
<br />
The Drizzling Water <br />
<br />
画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业分配。<br />
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The painter parted with Lanying in Suzhou and returned to Changchun. They exchanged letters from time to time. A year later, Lanying was facing job assignment after graduation.<br />
<br />
东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降临头上。<br />
<br />
The Northeast was very unfamiliar to Lanying. In her imagination, it was distant borderlands covered with snow and ice, a terrible place so cold that the nose, ears and chin could be frozen off. None of the students wanted to be assigned to the Northeast. They were used to the affluent conditions and warm climate of lands of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River, and the mere mention of the Northeast made their hair stand on end, as if the doom of exile had fallen on their heads. <br />
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兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
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Lanying was regardless of anything. In the girl's mind, where he was, there was spring, and there was a bonfire! She was willing to suffer cold and hunger just by his side.<br />
<br />
当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
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When Lanying proposed to the organization of his aspiration for assignment, the other side was shocked: “Ah, you already have a boyfriend! How long have you known each other? What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
姑娘一五一十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住 。<br />
<br />
The girl answered one by one. She thought that it could not be hidden sooner or later.<br />
<br />
兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象力,把故事编得像田园牧歌一样美妙——<br />
<br />
Lanying’s story spread through the college. Oral litterateurs were not lack in imagination, and made up the story as beautiful as an idyllic pastoral--<br />
<br />
“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
<br />
"Hey, did you hear? Lanying asked to be assigned to Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
<br />
"So far away! Why do you want to go there?"<br />
<br />
“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子。”<br />
<br />
"She met a boyfriend, one of the most beautiful men in Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那个人干什么的?”<br />
<br />
"What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
<br />
"He's an actor at Changchun Film Studio. He acted many movies."<br />
<br />
“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
<br />
"Of course it is good to have an actor as boyfriend. He can go everywhere in the country. <br />
Studios are in big cities, and Lanying can be transferred to wherever she likes!"<br />
<br />
但是,在学校的一间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
<br />
But in a small room of the college, Lanying's head was under the weight of thousand pounds, and furious and disappointed eyes were cast at him: “You are too naïve in politics. Who is he? A ‘rightist', who is anti-Party and anti-socialist. Who are you? The descendant of revolutionary martyrs, member of the Communist Youth League, and the Party organization's development target. Won’t you feel sorry about your dead parents? And the Party?<br />
<br />
兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了……”<br />
<br />
Lanying argued: "His hat had been taken off…"<br />
<br />
“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样一个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣个黑锅背一辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
<br />
"Whether his hat had been taken off or not, it was all the same. If one has such a family, he could not shake it off. But you want to have the injustice and carry it for the rest of your life. How silly you are!"<br />
<br />
“我乐意……”<br />
<br />
"I don’t care…"<br />
<br />
“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍白,四肢麻木,像是一个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
<br />
"Don’t say any more! You are already his prisoner, standing on a cliff. You have to break off with him, and never meet him again. If he writes to you, you hand it over to the organization to deal with!" Lanying sat in a corner of the room, pale and numb, like a rebel on trial. What did she have to say? A simple-hearted girl confided in others the secret of love for the first time, who should receive happy congratulations. However, she received brutal reprimand and forced interferences, and it was useless to argue with them. She dragged herself back to the dormitory.<br />
<br />
更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她,好像她做了什么亏心事。一颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
<br />
What was harder to bear was the mute weight. Her classmates looked at her with scorn and whispered about her as if she had done something against conscience. A pearl once held in the palm of the hand suddenly became the object of ridicule, so that she tasted the fickleness of the world, the ups and downs of fate, and aroused a strong feeling of rebellion.<br />
<br />
她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨——爸爸生前的战友。<br />
<br />
She wrote a letter and sent it to an aunt in Hangzhou, a former comrade of her father.<br />
<br />
阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
<br />
The aunt soon sent a telegram, asking her to go to Hangzhou and talking with her face to face.<br />
<br />
兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空一样阴郁。<br />
<br />
When she arrived in Hangzhou, it was drizzling. The aunt took her to her residence, and was very hospitable with smile, trying to make her happy. However, Lanying's face looked sad, as gloomy as the sky.<br />
<br />
“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说，“我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
<br />
"What if you worry yourself into illness?” The aunt said, "Let me go out for a walk with you.”<br />
<br />
她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
<br />
They went to Orioles Singing in the Willows of the West Lake with an umbrella.<br />
<br />
西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
<br />
The West Lake was silvery gray in front of Lanying. The sky was silver, and the water was silver. The atmosphere was drifting with silver powder that looked like rain but not rain, which he could not feel, and her clothes seemed to be getting wet but not.<br />
<br />
兰英的眉心舒展 了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
<br />
Lanying felt more comfortable: "The scenery here is so beautiful!"<br />
<br />
“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢，”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍一个男朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证会喜欢他……”<br />
<br />
"It is worth coming here, right. There is another happy thing," said the aunt with a smile, "I’ll introduce to you a boyfriend. He is a member of the party and does confidential work in the army. He is handsome and you are well-matched in age. I’m sure that as long as you are willing to meet him, you are going to like him…"<br />
<br />
兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
<br />
Lanying was on the alert at once: "Did you invite me here just for this?"<br />
<br />
阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养感情嘛……”<br />
<br />
The aunt said: "I’m doing this for your own good. The relationship needs to be cultivated. You don’t have a relationship with him now, but you can cultivate it…"<br />
<br />
姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进一团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲径好像布满陷阱。一种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。给你!”<br />
<br />
The girl only felt that her chest was stuffed with a mess. The beautiful scenery of the West Lake had become nasty, and the winding path under her feet seemed to be fraught with pitfalls. A feeling of being fooled came over her, and she said angrily: "I don't want to see anyone. Here you are!"<br />
<br />
兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
<br />
Lanying shoved the umbrella into the aunt's hand, turned and ran away through the cold rain. Behind her, the lake water lapped at the shore, making a rhythmic sound, like heaving sighs…<br />
<br />
回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
<br />
Back to the residence, the first thing Lanying did was to pack things, ready to return to Suzhou. The aunt came over and said calmly, "Lanying, I know your temper. Once you have decided something, no one can persuade you…"<br />
<br />
“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
<br />
"I appreciate that you know it." The girl said tonelessly.<br />
<br />
“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好好谈谈吧……”<br />
<br />
"I have only one request." said the aunt, "Since you came to Hangzhou, it does not hurt to stay one more day. Let's talk about it in the evening…"<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
<br />
At night, Lanying and the aunt sat face to face by lamplight.<br />
<br />
“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I trust your eyes. The person you like must be good." The aunt said calmly. “Our party implements a policy of uniting and reforming intellectuals, and people like him still have a role to play."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "I thought the same thing…"<br />
<br />
“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们一些好处。打个比喻吧,好比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那些人再好,也不能使用。你多想一想吧……”<br />
<br />
"But let me tell you more detailed information." The aunt said, "At present, we do not have a team of intellectuals of our own. If we don’t rely on them, who can we rely on? If we want to use them, we have to give them some benefits. To use an analogy, it is like a jelly bean to coax children. The little sweetness will soon melt. When our own team grows up, they can’t be used anymore no matter how good they are. Think more about it…”<br />
<br />
姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头一次听说,在政策的背后还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
<br />
After the girl listened to the thorough analysis, she was bewildered. She heard for the first time that there were policies behind a policy. The infinite mysteries of life were enough for her to digest slowly.<br />
<br />
这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。一个势单力孤的女子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越 ,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为一个农家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
<br />
That night, Lanying lost sleep. At the deadest time of the night, she was thinking about the painter who was far away and gradually came to realize that there were more serious obstacles between them than ice, snow, storms, mountains and rivers. A weak woman, powerless to push away the weight of society, tradition and mentality, felt that the future was infinitely uncertain. Did the girl regret having fallen in love with him? She could not find a reason to condemn herself. Their love was witnessed by the green hill and bright moon, without a trace of dust. She could only regret that she came from a privileged background and was fully favored, so that her love was also shackled. The girl would rather be reborn again for him… She fell asleep in a daze and had a sweet dream that she was transformed into a farm girl and met the painter among the white mountain and the black water. The whole world was pure as if it was covered with silver and jade… When she woke up, she found that it was just a delusional dream. The fate had been doomed, and everything was irreversible. The girl was desperate, with hot tears like a broken line of beads, from the cheeks constantly rolling down...<br />
<br />
第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看一看就会明白的。”<br />
<br />
The next day, the aunt put a magazine in front of Lanying: "This is what I found from the library, you will understand if you read it."<br />
<br />
这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到一篇文章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的一小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的题目——<br />
<br />
It was a magazine of ''Fine Arts'' published in that year. With trembling hands, Lanying opened the pages and found an article. The article criticized an oil painting by Yuan Yunsheng and included a photo of it. What was that? The painting was shrunken into a small and pitiful piece that could not be seen clearly. The girl finally found the title of the painting--<br />
<br />
水乡记忆<br />
<br />
Memory of the Water Town<br />
<br />
“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
<br />
"It’s okay. It’s okay. It would burn if you continue frying it."<br />
<br />
“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
<br />
"Be gentle, don't let others hear it."<br />
<br />
“我先尝尝——哈,又香又脆!”<br />
<br />
"Let me taste it first--ha, it’s delicious and crispy!"<br />
<br />
“放开肚皮吧 ,反正不花钱……”<br />
<br />
"Tuck in. It doesn’t cost money anyway…"<br />
<br />
袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng lying in bed, heard the laughter, the sizzle of boiling oil, and the greedy sound of chewing from next door, along with the aroma of fried oil cakes, keeping him awake at night. <br />
<br />
这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择一处乡土气息浓厚的地区深入生活 ,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓库隔壁的一间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传口号消失了,生理本能在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是一出率先占有填充材料的喜剧。<br />
<br />
This was the warehouse of the production team, located in a small town near Suzhou. Not long ago, Yuan Yunsheng returned to the Central Academy of Fine Arts from Shuangqiao Farm, and got back to Professor Dong Xiwen's studio to learn from him. The teacher suggested him to choose an area with a strong local flavor to plunge into the thick of life, collecting materials for his graduation work. He came to a town in the regions south of the Yangtze River and was assigned to a hut next to the production team's warehouse as the accommodation. It was a time of national economic hardship, and the water town, which was praised as “the earthly paradise", was also facing the threat of starvation. The fanatical slogan that was once popular disappeared and physiological instincts took effect in people, which was first shown in the town's cadres. In order to fill a few people’s bellies, they went harm to the group, compressing others’ bellies. The late-night performance was a comedy of being the first to take possession of the filling material.<br />
<br />
袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng rolled over in bed, causing a few rats to crawl out beside the pillow and hop around on him.<br />
<br />
“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
<br />
"There’s a noise!" The man next door said, "Should we ask that painter to come?"<br />
<br />
“别理他!”<br />
<br />
"Don’t mind him!"<br />
<br />
……<br />
<br />
这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预一下也无可厚非 。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
<br />
This was the material of real life! Paint it. Since "art was subordinate to politics", there was nothing wrong with intervening in such life. The painter lay in bed, his heart flowing with the feeling of concerning for the country and the people.<br />
<br />
然而,夜间的梦寐 并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
<br />
However, the dream at night did not leave the painter with a deep impression. He had his own understanding of the function of art. He came here for pursuit of the beauty in life, and the dust of life could not cloud the artist's heart of gold. The place he went to during the day gave satisfaction to his pursuit. A few weeks later, he returned to Beijing with everything that he wanted.<br />
<br />
回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,一股不可遏制的创作冲动驱使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去一个晚上的时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
<br />
One day after returning to Beijing, he leaned on his bed and thought after dinner. An uncontrollable impulse of creation drove him to pick up the brush and readily draw on the draft paper, the tip of the brush as smooth as floating clouds and flowing water. In only one night, he sketched out his graduation work.<br />
<br />
他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
<br />
He took the sketch to visit Teacher Dong Xiwen. The teacher looked at it and said: "I think it is distinctive. The workload is not small. Get on with it!"<br />
<br />
他把行李卷、画布和油彩,一股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上一摊,不分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
<br />
He moved the bedding roll, canvases and oil paints into the large warehouse of the college. This warehouse was used to store large-scale cultural relics, including a tall stone camel, an excavated stone horse and a stone tiger in front of the tomb of the Han Dynasty general Huo Qubing. The floor was covered with thick dust, and the walls were covered with cobwebs, like a gloomy old castle. He spread the bedding roll on the floor, and worked day and night. The stone tiger and horse watched a young painter working like a maniac. Two months later, Yuan Yunsheng asked someone to help him lift out a huge oil painting.<br />
<br />
这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
<br />
The painting was titled ''Memory of the Water Town''.<br />
<br />
《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优 ”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的分数都不肯给。<br />
<br />
''Memory of the Water Town'' became the topic of conversation in the circle of art. The doyens of painting such as Dong Xiwen, Ye Qianyu and Huang Yongyu praised it, who argued that his graduation grade should be “excellent”. Some others shook their heads and frowned, refusing to give him even a passing grade.<br />
<br />
水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
<br />
What was the memory of the water town for the young painter?<br />
<br />
画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
<br />
In the picture is a small bridge common in Suzhou, which is the style of traditional architectural left over from the Ming Dynasty, with exquisite structure, decorated with delicate sculpted reliefs. The two sides of the bridge show the houses, streets and the lively scene of the market trading during the Spring Festival.<br />
<br />
看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。一个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开一张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。一个淳朴的小女孩刚才卖掉一只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着一桩桩美好的故事——人们在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
<br />
Look, there are people setting up the stage for Beijing opera performance, there are people selling New Year's pictures, and there are people selling grain and vegetables, so lively. A beautiful country girl spreads out a newspaper at her feet and sets bunches of flowers on it, expecting people to visit. A simple little girl has just sold a lamb. Perhaps because the cute little animal was fed by her hands when growing up, she sees it being taken away, showing a look of melancholy... With the strong national style and local customs and practices, the painter drew hundreds of lifelike characters, around the stone bridge to tell good stories -- people exchanged their results of hard work a year here, and were pleased and gratified by the rich and colorful folk recreations.<br />
<br />
桥下是一泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
<br />
Under the bridge is clear, rippling and sparkling. The dark-awninged boats, small wooden boats and barges carrying purchases for the Spring Festival are so close to each other, and brush past the others. The boatmen are all humble, avoiding each other, and quickly giving the way for the neighboring boats. A young man lies leisurely on the bow of the boat, the sunlight sprinkling over his face, and thinks with a vision of the future…<br />
<br />
这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举世无双的韧性——走向明天!<br />
<br />
Weren’t the small bridge and the river the reappearance of our national features! Our nation suffered a lot, and was at a very difficult time; however, our indomitable national spirit was not destroyed by the disaster. We were strong, confident and optimistic, emphasized courtesy, and maintained great dignity, with a slow rhythm, calm pace, and resilience that was unparalleled in the world--towards tomorrow!<br />
<br />
谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
<br />
Who could have guessed that the original idea of this painting was conceived in that hut in the water town, that shady with mice hopping around, adjacent to the evil. What a contrast between the hard work of the people, the innocence of the painter, and the greed, selfishness and deceit just a wall away! The painter brushed away the shadows of life, and used painting language to express his deep love for his country and people with good wishes. This was the self-analysis of the painter's mind and character!<br />
<br />
当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩 ,年画的敦厚朴实和壁画的装饰趣味。<br />
<br />
When ''Memory of the Water Town'' was put on public display, hanging in the auditorium of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, the response from the audience was enthusiastic. Some people left comments, some took pictures, and some copied it. Just in terms of its innovation in artistic style, people were amazed by it. The author put aside the "three unities" of plot devices of Western oil painting and the traditional perspective rules, and adopted the ingenious technique of cavalier perspective of Chinese painting, so as to make the independent stories on the picture blend together. When portraying the characters, the author masterly used the tools of Western oil painting, boldly used line modeling, and absorbed the exaggeration of the ancient art of pottery figurines to depict images of the figures with different expressions. The painting had the splendor and magnificence of oil painting, the exact delineation and heavy colors of Chinese painting, the sincerity and simplicity of New Year’s picture and the decorative interest of fresco. <br />
<br />
把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为一炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿了吧！<br />
<br />
It was the author's dream to integrate the ancient and modern, Chinese and Western painting arts into one. His dream should come true!<br />
<br />
但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
<br />
However, the fate of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was suddenly reversed, which was taken off the wall of the exhibition hall and thrown into the garbage dump where scraps were stored. Later, a young man who loved table tennis found its value and dragged it behind the table to use it as a baffle to block the ball. Later, a student from the art history department felt bad for it and secretly cut it down with a scissor, folded it up, and pressed it under the bed in the dormitory. However, the college reported it to the police in panic, bringing in the comrades in the department of public safety to enter the college to reconnoiter, as if searching for an indecent prohibited thing. Finally, the enthusiastic collector had to hand it over, and the campus loudspeaker immediately broadcasted that it was "another victory in paying great attention to class struggle".<br />
<br />
离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着一堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的路口只亮着一盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
<br />
Was it bizarre? Not really. The climate was changing, three years of hardship passed, the fairs trade in the countryside was banned, and the days of hunger were forgotten. Today's politics made new requirements on yesterday's art, and it was time for the painter to be spanked. The author of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was faced with lots of questions that he could never answer: Why didn't you paint a tractor? Why didn't you paint the wheat field with a good harvest? Why didn't paint… Among all the criticisms, no one had ever accused him of not painting the scene next door that night, though such phenomena were a well-known fact. There was only one green light at the intersection of literary criticism: turning left. The artist who stayed true to the art went straight ahead and was denounced as being too "right".<br />
<br />
中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出作者的艺术才能。”<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, once said with emotion: "If this painting had not been damaged, and had been put on display, I can predict that the audience would have rehabilitated him. Even in this tentative work, we can see the artistic talent of the author."<br />
<br />
只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世——其中也包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, the remains of the painting couldn’t be found. The only memorial it had left was a pathetically small picture, accompanied by a critical article that sounded plausible, published in a corner of ''Fine Arts''. The painter should feel honored that it was the first time his work had been made into a zincograph, and printed, spreading around the world--including the one in front of Lanying.<br />
<br />
月台边<br />
<br />
At the Edge of the Platform<br />
<br />
兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
<br />
The second morning Lanying spent in Hangzhou was the most painful time for her.<br />
<br />
阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子 ,还会累及子女。<br />
<br />
The aunt stood beside her as her guardian, and pointed to the magazine as if she had found a powerful proof. The aunt said that a man like Yuan Yunsheng would not correct his mistake, and others would not tolerate him. It would be a lifelong mistake to combine with him, never seeing the light in the future and implicating the children.<br />
<br />
那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘与画家结合 的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
<br />
The magazine did not frighten the girl’s love away, but made her feel the seriousness of the problem. It seemed that it was not only the aunt, the college, but also the whole society that prevented her from being bound with the painter. It seemed that everyone except the girl was cursing him and splashing dirty water on the painter. Did the girl still have the courage to go towards him? Talking about the future children, those innocent babies that would follow the adults and spend their whole life in the mud, Lanying's heart was softened.<br />
<br />
这是一场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
<br />
It was an irresistible spiritual siege. Lanying hunched over the table and burst into tears…<br />
<br />
阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效力,递过一支笔、一张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
<br />
Seeing the effect of her good intention, the aunt handed over a pen and a piece of paper: "Writing him a letter and making it clear, you’ll feel comfortable. If he really loves you, he will not give you trouble again…"<br />
<br />
兰英接过纸笔。<br />
<br />
Lanying took the paper and pen.<br />
<br />
她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家能够得到另一个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后一个字,信纸上满是斑斑泪痕。<br />
<br />
She wrote a very firm statement, cutting off communication with the painter, and didn’t explain anything. She took the responsibility, saying that she was willing to pay the lifelong price for her impulse and would never get married again. In her letter, she wished the painter to get another girl who would love him as much as she did… When she finished the letter, it was blotted with tears.<br />
<br />
阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
<br />
The aunt took it over to have a look and sighed: "Look, the handwriting was wet with tears. It’ll make him suspect that you are not really want to break up with him ......"<br />
<br />
“本来就是被迫的！”兰英没好气地说。<br />
<br />
"It was forced!" Lanying said angrily.<br />
<br />
阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
<br />
The aunt finally got the written pledge and was relieved, sealing the envelope with her own hands, sticking a stamp on it, and taking it to the post office.<br />
<br />
兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将把信撕得粉碎,一赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下 ,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净……<br />
<br />
Lanying returned to Suzhou from Hangzhou, and felt every day like a year, repeatedly imagining the painter's reaction. The painter would be furious, wouldn’t he? Lanying really did not want to add a new scar to the painter's heart, which had been badly wounded, so she did not write irritating words in the letter. But the painter would understand the reason for the change. The letter had already constituted a contempt and insult to him. Would he rip it up and decide not to write back in a fit of anger? Or would he bow to his fate and fall into a depression? Or, the girl's worries were superfluous. Men were men, who were easy come and easy go. He would wipe the girl out of his memory, completely forgetting her.<br />
<br />
兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
<br />
The last thing that Lanying wanted to happen was the latter situation.<br />
<br />
画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
<br />
The painter wrote back with stiff words. He agreed to break up, without a hint of a pleading tone, with only one last condition, asking Lanying to come to Changchun and explain the reason face to face.<br />
<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
<br />
Like hearing an echo from an empty valley, Lanying ran into the college office clasping the letter.<br />
<br />
姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
<br />
The girl placed the letter on the table and said: "Please allow me to go to Changchun."<br />
<br />
对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
<br />
After reading the painter's letter, the other party looked up and asked, "Is this the last meeting?"<br />
<br />
“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
<br />
"Yes." The girl said, "We're very determined."<br />
<br />
学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
<br />
The college could not say the reason for refusing the girl and let her go. On the day of the girl’s departure, the school made a long-distance call to Changchun, asking the painter's unit to cooperate and pay attention to the actions of Lanying and the painter, promoting both sides to break off the relationship.<br />
<br />
火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人头攒动的月台上,她一眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
<br />
The train was flying along, the vast fields passing outside the window. The girl was anxious. She was longing for the scenery of the Northeast in her dream before, but this journey didn’t leave any impression on her. She only remembered the moment the train arrived in Changchun, when she saw the painter with a pale face at a glance on the crowded platform.<br />
<br />
兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
<br />
When Lanying stepped out of the train, the painter was coming up. He still held the sketchbook in his hand, pretending to be calm. However, his tired and dark look, holding back great pain, could not escape the girl's keen eyes. It was exactly what the girl hoped to see, and a thrill of joy rose in her heart. <br />
<br />
画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
<br />
The painter stopped at the edge of the platform, keeping a few steps from the girl.<br />
<br />
“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
<br />
"Please answer now," the painter's voice was like the low roar of a wild animal, "why do you change your mind? Why do you bend to the will of others?"<br />
<br />
姑娘把旅行袋往前一递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听懂是什么意思。<br />
<br />
The girl handed her travel bag forward: "Do you think I come to Changchun to negotiate with you?" The painter was stunned, not understanding what it meant.<br />
<br />
“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑一趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
<br />
"You fool! If I want to break up with you, do I need to come all the way here?" The girl smiled sweetly, "There is a long way to go, and you need to be tested!"<br />
<br />
明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解——那些无尽无休的劝说、挑唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
<br />
The bright sunlight returned to the painter's face. He even forgot to pick up the girl's bag, and was so excited that he didn’t know what to do. The girl dodged back a little, really afraid that the guy who lost his mind in front of him would throw himself into her arms in full view of a large crowd with no regard for the customs of the country… The consensus reached the Changchun negotiation--those endless persuasions, instigation and restraint were really tiresome that decisive actions had to be taken to get rid of it.<br />
<br />
兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同财产,是一条印花双人床单。在一间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
<br />
Lanying and the painter married in the summer vacation after graduation. The wedding was held in Changchun, without relatives officiating, and classmates congratulating. The only gift they received was a blouse given by Yuan Yunfu to his sister-in-law; the new common property was a printed double bed sheet. In a temporary borrowed hut, they performed a solemn ceremony of life. Lanying spent her honeymoon in disassembling and washing the bedding for the former bachelor. The short honeymoon ended as Lanying's reporting date approached.<br />
<br />
人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
<br />
The Queen Mother of the world was not willing to give in after all, and deliberately laid a galaxy between them.<br />
<br />
兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽容——除了东北三省之外,其他任何一个城市都行。实心眼儿的 姑娘把手指放在地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
<br />
Lanying's place of work was chosen from the map. When she was assigned after graduation, the college gave her lenient conditions--any city except the three provinces of the northeast. The honest girl put her finger on the map and found the nearest place to the Northeast along the railway line. Her finger crossed Beijing, Tianjin, and rested on a small circle south of Shanhaiguan: Tangshan. She thought that it was the ideal crossing of the Milky Way on earth.<br />
<br />
她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着一块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生活无法自理。直到这时,她才感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
<br />
Not long after she arrived in Tangshan, she was caught in an "unprecedented" storm. With marches, rebellions, and two factions fighting with each other with machetes and spears, the whole city fell into primitive tribal strife. Lanying was alone and lived in uncertainty in troubled times. The annual visits to her husband comforted her a little in spirit. Later, she was pregnant. The overwork and poor living conditions caused Lanying to suffer from lumbar spine strain. Her back was like carrying a heavy iron plate, and she couldn’t roll over in bed. There was no one to make fires in the house, and the flimsy door and windows could not withstand the cold wind. The lumbar disease made her stiff and unable to take care of herself. By this time, she felt that she needed her husband by her side so much…<br />
<br />
画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到一份工作,又赶到唐山,好不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户口的证件。至此,他们已经两地分居六年了。<br />
<br />
The painter went around and asked, and finally found a job for his wife in a hospital in Changchun, and then rushed to Tangshan. With difficulty, he passed many hurdles and got the documents to switch his wife’s job and transfer her registered permanent residence. So far, they had been living apart for six years.<br />
<br />
兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西——优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。耿耿 银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
<br />
When Lanying sat on the train, the platform in Changchun moving in front of her eyes again, she could not help but have mixed feelings. For six years, she lost a lot of things out of her own volition--a bright future in politics, a beautiful youth and excellent conditions. The corners of her pretty eyes were covered with worry lines, and her beautiful cheeks became sallow with a gaunt appearance. She paid a huge price for the ordinary life of ordinary people, and a charge of "the family member of a rightist whose hat was taken off”. The Milky Way was in front of her, and there were the same strict rituals in heaven and on earth. <br />
<br />
陋室铭<br />
<br />
The Humble Room<br />
<br />
破木桌上摊开一张纸片,一只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
<br />
A piece of paper was spread out on the broken wooden table, and a small hand holding the brush, applied watercolor to the paper. Round, square and irregular blocks of color appeared under the brush, representing different still life: the round one was a washtub, the square one was an old wooden box, and the irregular one was a diaper on a clothesline…<br />
<br />
这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
<br />
It was the artist's son sketching. He was born in Changchun, and no matter how difficult the path of his parents' life was, he grew up according to the laws of nature, until he was old enough to grasp a brush with his little hand. <br />
<br />
小屋只有14平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, 一排大连铺占去三分之二的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
<br />
The house was only 14 square meters. A little sister added to the family, and four of them were crammed into a small space, with a large bed taking up two thirds of the area. The broken wooden table in front of the window was the dad's workbench at ordinary times, and the son's bed at night. The rest of the space was for cooking and washing clothes, and there was no extra space.<br />
<br />
眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
<br />
The artist's son had painted the scene in front of him more than once, which was his first subject of contact with life. This lovely third generation in new China repeatedly painted with the most beautiful colors in his young mind, and had accumulated dozens of sketches. Whenever the neighbors came to visit, he would take out his works and show them off in front of them. However, the comments he heard were very disappointing: "Alas, Lanying, why does your precious son only paint the slums?"<br />
<br />
兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
<br />
Lanying gave a wry smile. What could she say? All her son painted were things in her house.<br />
<br />
兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头一样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
<br />
After Lanying moved to Changchun, she took on heavy housework and lived a hard life. She was used to eating ready-made meals in the canteen before, and never cooked; by this time, she was distressed to find that it was more difficult to steam the corn cake without turning souring than to perform a surgical operation in the hospital. For a long time, the steamed corn cakes, steamed bread of corn and steamed buns that the whole family ate were unbearably sour and hard like stones. The children still gobbled them up as if they natively tasted like that.<br />
<br />
家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱一个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭 。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
<br />
The family's finances were tight. The total income of two college graduates could not keep up with the increase of family members and the rise of commodity prices. The son was lucky enough to eat cake for a few days when he was a child. When it was the daughter's turn, the parents could no longer afford to buy cakes, so they had to buy bread that was a dime per piece to give the children a treat. Later, the parents brought home discounted black bread. Even so, the children were so happy, smiling from ear to ear.<br />
<br />
他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
<br />
They pinched and scraped, but still spent more than their income. At the end of every month, Lanying and the painter would empty out their pockets face to face.<br />
<br />
“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, we haven't bought the meat for this month yet." Lanying said.<br />
<br />
“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
<br />
"Let’s buy it." The painter said, "It's Sunday. It’s time to improve a meal."<br />
<br />
妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服口袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
<br />
The wife had been penniless for a while. The painter turned his pockets inside out to scrap up enough money to buy a catty of meat.<br />
<br />
儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
<br />
The son, who had already prepared a small snow sled and waited there, took the money and ran away with joy.<br />
<br />
过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
<br />
After a while, the son's cheer came from the door: "Come on, the meat is bought back!"<br />
<br />
画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
<br />
The painter and his wife ran out to greet it, but they were stunned: "Where's the meat?"<br />
<br />
儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚才他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤肉颠得没影了……<br />
<br />
My son looked back and saw that the snow sled was empty. He was too happy and run too fast, the catty of meat tossed away…<br />
<br />
“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
<br />
As the "buyer" had never failed in his duty, he became downhearted this time. The painter and Lanying had to comfort their son, holding his embarrassed little face and laughing.<br />
<br />
儿子也笑了。一场精神上的欢笑 代替了假日的会餐。<br />
<br />
The son laughed too. A time of mirth in spirit replaced the holiday meal.<br />
<br />
在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, the so-called "spiritual aristocrats" were finding jobs for themselves. Some decorated the facade of restaurants and hotels, painting some pictures to exchange bottles of wine and whole cases of fish. Some were busy with their household sidelines, producing modern furniture by hand. Others worked as art tutors, and if the students they taught had good backgrounds, their situations would soon be improved. But Yuan Yunsheng did not get any "extra money" and did not look for a way out. He was very busy. He worked during the day, honestly completing the tasks given to him and trying not to be faulted; after he came back home at night, he indulged in painting, steeping himself in his beloved art, and didn’t have time to do the housework.<br />
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在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似的想点办法?”<br />
<br />
At the most difficult time for the family, Lanying said to Yunsheng in a tentative tone, "Could you think of some ways like others?"<br />
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“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
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"Think of what?" The painter asked in amazement.<br />
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“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合过得去……”<br />
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"I don't ask for anything more." The wife said, "I mean, if possible, to make life at home barely get by..."<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
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The husband shook his head: "There is a way. But that would wreck my art!"<br />
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妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题一搁,永远不再提起。<br />
<br />
The wife knew the weight of the word "art" in her husband's heart. The subject was put aside, and never mentioned again.<br />
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兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥一顿饱一顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣服洗一洗吧。”<br />
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Lanying was sick from exhaustion, tortured by the pain of lumbar spine strain, and sometimes had to stay in bed. Whenever it happened, the sky of the family collapsed and everything was in chaos. The whole family ate erratically; when the children's clothes were dirty, they didn’t have others to change; the sheets were splattered with the painter's oil, like a canvas of an abstract painter... As a medical worker, Lanying had minimum requirements for sanitation. She could not tolerate it anymore, lying in bed and commending the painter: "Wash the sheets and clothes today."<br />
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“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干一场。<br />
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"Okay." The husband obediently put down the brush and rolled up his sleeves as if he was about to get some things done.<br />
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他把床单和衣服泡了满满一盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他一忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;一忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
<br />
He soaked a full tub of sheets and clothes. As he washed, his hands on the washboard slowed down, and his eyes rested on the opposite wall. There hung a new painting, with the oil not yet dry. One minute he tilted his head sideways, looking pleased with himself; the next he frowned, as if he had found something unsatisfactory.<br />
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他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
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He stood up sharply, wiped his soapy hands on his breast, took a brush, and jumped on the bench, making some changes on the painting.<br />
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兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过一丝苦笑。<br />
<br />
Lanying lay on the bed, with a wry smile flitting across the corner of his mouth.<br />
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画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
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The painter jumped off the bench and went back to the washtub. After a while, he couldn't help looking up at the wall again...<br />
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一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,一共跳了多少次?”<br />
<br />
The day passed. He finally finished washing a tub of clothes, taking more than seven hours on it, and did not have time to cook. The whole family was hungry. Lanying, angry and amused, asked humorously, "Hey, how many times did you jump up and down from the bench?"<br />
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画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
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The painter shook his head blankly.<br />
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兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪——整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
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Lanying said: "You do not remember. I counted it for you--twenty times! Oh, what am I gonna do about you? When doing housework, you are lazy than anyone; when picking up the brush, you are more diligent than anyone..."<br />
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天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入睡;儿子一沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另一只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
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It was dark, and snow fell heavily outside the window, like tearing the cotton wool. Lanying, looking at the ceiling, wasn’t able to sleep; as soon as her son touched the pillow, he fell into a sound and sweet sleep. In the other corner of the hut, under the dim light, the painter was rocking his daughter with one hand, while the other hand was holding a brush and painting. He hummed an improvised lullaby, the song echoing softly in the hut...<br />
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漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
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They spent many nights like this in the long winter.<br />
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兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为一个正直的画家的妻子的全部甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
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The husband’s humming rang in Lanying’s ears, and she silently sank in thought. When she first fell in love with him, she admired his integrity and loyalty to art. Now, she had experienced all the joys and sorrows of being the wife of an upright painter. He was content with being poor and lonely. He didn’t have a normal family life, couldn’t see the light at the end of the tunnel, only asking for work, not the harvest... Who but his wife really understood him? He not only was not understood by the society, but he was also identified as a bad man, with sticks always waving above his head. Whenever thinking of these, the pain of the poor couple's disharmony dissipated, and the wife's heart turned into a spring water, full of female tenderness.<br />
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她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
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She thought, if two people shared the housework, they would get nothing done. Even if she had a terrible backache tomorrow, she had to bite the bullet and get up, bearing the heavy load of housework...<br />
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车轮下<br />
<br />
Under the Wheels<br />
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袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
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Yuan Yunsheng slept late at night and when he rubbed his eyes the next morning, it was already broad daylight outside the window. "Shit!" He dressed frantically, "I'll be late again..."<br />
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兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为一家人做早饭。<br />
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Lanying had already got up, enduring the back pain, and was making breakfast for the family.<br />
<br />
画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
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The painter asked in amazement, "Who told you to get up? You are not well yet!"<br />
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兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺一躺。”画家匆匆吃过早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
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Lanying said, "It's nothing, I'm still on sick leave anyway. I can still lie down after you leave." The painter hurriedly ate the breakfast, pushed the bicycle and rushed out the door.<br />
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在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过一场大雪,北风一刮,马路上结着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
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In Changchun, it was the season when dripping water turned into ice and the breath from the mouth immediately turned to frost. After a heavy snowfall, and when the north wind blew, the roads were thick with ice. The trees on the roadside were covered with silver flowers, and the buildings shone with a dazzling silver glow like a richly decorated jade palace.<br />
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画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命 的时刻。<br />
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The painter was very anxious. Early in the morning, for others was the beginning of the day's work, but for him was the continuation of the night's work. The turn of day and night was the moment when he was busy running around and exhausted.<br />
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人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
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How many ordeals there were in life! Social, natural and accidental...<br />
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穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽听一阵隆隆的马达声。一辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
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Through a street, there was a busy intersection ahead, cars running like the tide. He rode forward cautiously, and suddenly heard a rumble of motors. A reckless truck crossed the intersection, refusing to slow down, as if there was no one else there. <br />
With fast speed, slippery ground, and without preparation, the painter had been too late to dodge it. A crush with a sound of bang, the painter flew far away with the car and fell to the ground. Just then, another truck came from the opposite side, and the painter was passed under the wheels of the truck like a ball...<br />
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街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
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When the people in the street saw this scene of tragedy, they screamed and froze there.<br />
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卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
<br />
The truck driver lost his composure, forgetting to brake in the panic, and putting his right foot on the accelerator and drove on. The truck's big wheels ran over the bicycle, the steel frame uttered a short groan, and the bicycle seat was crushed into a ball. The truck kept going towards the painter.<br />
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这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸口一轧,就算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
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It was a moment of pain, a moment of approaching death. It was over. As soon as the car rolled over his chest, his life was over. He had suffered repeatedly on the road of life, and had never been willing to give in to the fate, but this time he was afraid that he would not be able to escape. He left his beloved art, his wife and children, and died meaninglessly...<br />
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按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同情——预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头——抗争！<br />
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According to Goethe, people could only have three feelings about their own sufferings and that of others: fear, terror and sympathy--the anxiety of foreseeing the coming catastrophe, the unexpected discovery of current suffering and the sympathy for the suffering of the time or the past. However, the painter, who fell under the wheel, had none of these three feelings in the hazy consciousness that flashed through his mind. Even at such a moment, he showed his stubborn character, and had only one strong thought--to struggle!<br />
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接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
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What happened next was unbelievable to the startled roadside pedestrians. They saw the body that fell under the truck suddenly straightened up, stretching out a pair of arms, and clinging to the front bumper of the truck. The truck roared and shook, as if to destroy the barrier; the person under the wheels struggled, slid, and refused to give up. People in the streets of Changchun saw a scene of flesh and blood stubbornly fighting with the steel monster.<br />
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“千万不能倒下！”画家想,“一倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
<br />
"I must not fall down!" The painter thought, "If I fall down, I'll never get up again..."<br />
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卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
<br />
The truck dragged the painter along the icy road, for 5 meters, 10 meters... Until the driver regained his normal reflexes, he hit the brake, overcoming the car's inertia.<br />
<br />
画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
<br />
The painter was injured seriously and his clothes were torn into ragged strips. He was taken to the hospital.<br />
<br />
抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天才清醒过来。<br />
<br />
When Lanying, who was sick at home, heard the news, there was a buzz in her head, and she felt that the sky was spinning, and her legs went limp. It took her a long time to wake.<br />
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兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾一切地赶到医院。存车的时候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙怎么也拔不出来。<br />
<br />
Lanying got on her bicycle and, not knowing where she got the strength, she rushed to the hospital regardless. When she stored the car, she lost strength again. She could hardly look at the hospital door, her hands were shaking, and she could not pull the key out.<br />
<br />
存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚才进医院的时候,自己还能走路。”<br />
<br />
The old lady at the parking lots recognized Lanying: "You are Yuan's lover, right? Don't be afraid. He just walked into the hospital by himself."<br />
<br />
兰英这才觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
<br />
Lanying felt relieved now.<br />
<br />
兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫妻双双躺在床上。<br />
<br />
Lanying took her husband home to recover from his injuries. After this mental stimulation, the sick wife’s body was heavier. Both the couple lay in bed.<br />
<br />
孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和女儿一人捧回一包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
<br />
The child was left unattended. Lanying took out a few cents and asked the children to buy food. After a while, the son and daughter each brought back a packet of cookies, standing by the bed with tears in their eyes.<br />
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儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
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The son said, "Dad, eat this."<br />
<br />
女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
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The daughter said, "Daddy, eat mine."<br />
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兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿......<br />
<br />
Lanying took the children into her arms, wiping away the tears on their little faces for both of them. The children understood the family situation and tasted the desolation and fears of life too soon. Lanying only regrated that she couldn’t have more money to give her husband and children a little spiritual and physical compensation...<br />
<br />
画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰问。他们留下一百块钱赔偿经济损失——画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
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While the painter was recovering from his injuries, the driver who caused the accident and the head of his unit came to his house to apologize and express sympathy. They left a hundred yuan to compensate for the economic loss--the painter's clothes, bicycle and medical expenses.<br />
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客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
<br />
After the guests left, the painter sat on the bed, deep in thought.<br />
<br />
兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看一眼也令人伤心。<br />
<br />
Lanying looked at the pile of money and sighed sadly. Because her husband got it by escaping from death, she was sad even by glancing at it.<br />
<br />
画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
<br />
The painter suddenly got out of bed and paced around the house.<br />
<br />
“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, are you crazy?" His wife said with the tone of blame, "Your leg is not yet healed. Back to bed!"<br />
<br />
画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民——我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去！”<br />
<br />
The painter walked up to his wife, his eyes shining with excitement, "Look, I can walk! You know, I haven't gone out to paint for a long time, because I don't have that condition. How I long for the grassland in northern Shaanxi, the rushing Yellow River, and the people there--I'll take this money and go to Yan'an to paint from life!"<br />
<br />
这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是一个贫病交困的人的最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对一些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那样遥远,拼着性命才能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
<br />
This was the voice in the heart of the artist who just got up from under the wheel! This was the highest hope of a poor and sick man! His request was so limited, which didn’t matter to some people, but was so far away for him, who needed to fight for it with his life. Lanying felt like her chest was hit hard, with her heart burning, and ran out of words. She looked at her husband's sincere face, and understood it. Now that it could bring joy and satisfaction to him who longed to paint, then let him go.<br />
<br />
数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
<br />
A few days later, Yuan Yunsheng, dragging his unhealed body, carrying a heavy pack and painting tools, set off on a snowy and windy road with his wife's affectionate gaze...<br />
<br />
袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng went through difficulties on the trip to northern Shaanxi. As months went by, his face was engraved with the marks of the plateau sun and sandstorms, and he returned home with his bag full of sketches.<br />
<br />
袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,一举一动都受到街道居委会的监视。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing, he went to see Jiang Feng. At that time, the air in Beijing was suffocating. Jiang Feng was over 60 years old, whose situation was even worse than before. He lived alone in a messy compound, and his every move was monitored by the street committee.<br />
<br />
袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没有什么值得高兴的——中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路线走一遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng sat in front of the past the secretary of the Party Committee, bringing recent news of the old areas of northern Shaanxi. The news was nothing to cheer about--the People's Republic of China had been founded for more than twenty years, and everywhere he went along the route of the Red Army’s strategic shift, the people were still living in poverty. The young painter declaimed against the country’s failings, but suddenly thought that the walls have ears, and worried about the situation of the old man, so he dropped the subject and quietly looked at Jiang Feng.<br />
<br />
江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上挂着一幅画框,嵌着一张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng listened peacefully, looking calm, and had not intention of stopping him. On the wall behind him hung a framed sketch, which was exactly the one that Yuan Yunsheng painted for Jiang Feng in the Shuangqiao farm ten years ago. The old man maintained his inherent dignity as usual, and was a true tough man. Yuan Yunsheng experienced once again the spiritual power that calmed people down.<br />
<br />
袁运生打开画夹,把一组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng opened the portfolio and placed a group of sketches of people in northern Shaanxi in front of Jiang Feng, including a shepherd with a wrinkled face, a young people with a cold gaze showing disdain for everything, and a rural girl with her head bowed in contemplation... These characters were real and simple, with distinctive characters, and the unprovoked, unintelligible or artificial smiles that often appeared in general paintings could not be found on their faces. He painted the unique temperament of the people in northern Shaanxi.<br />
<br />
“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
<br />
"No one will publish these pictures if you take them out now." Jiang Feng said, "Maybe if you lose sincerity, you will get praise. But I think you are on the right way. The artist can't cater to the mass!"<br />
<br />
袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手一丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng took out another long scroll of landscape, 68 centimeters wide and more than 400 centimeters long. This painting depicted the lofty Jiaji Pagoda, the flowing water of the Yellow River that broke the ice, and the vast plateau scenery. It took him two whole days to stand in the cold wind and meticulously paint it with his frozen hands, and the strokes were rigorous and majestic.<br />
<br />
画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于1974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
<br />
In one corner of the picture were noted a few lines of small characters: "Written two days after painting at the end of December 1974, when the Yellow River water just broke the ice and flowed on."<br />
<br />
江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他说:“呵,黄河!一泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声音……"<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng extremely liked it after looking at it. The familiar scenery in northern Shaanxi in the picture evoked the strong feelings of the veteran of Yan’an. He said, "Oh, Yellow River! Flowing down vigorously, rushing and surging, and stirring up lofty high raging waves. I seem to hear its voice again..."<br />
<br />
春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了!<br />
<br />
The day finally came like the spring water breaking through the ice and fire erupting from the heart of the earth!<br />
<br />
担担画<br />
<br />
Shoulder Pole Painting<br />
<br />
“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
<br />
When the "Gang of Four" disappeared from political life, the art world burst into life.<br />
<br />
美术界一些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头角,施展才华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是一个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。这个磨砺精深的艺术家，就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
<br />
Some upright men in the art world sympathized with Yuan Yunsheng, whose talent had been buried for many years, and hoped that he could show his talent again. Zhang Ding, the president of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, wrote specially to recommend him to paint. Fei Zheng, who was now the vice chairman of the Hebei Art Association, also made an effort to help him. However, all these efforts were mildly rebuffed and turned back by various excuses. It was clear that Yuan Yunsheng's name was still an ominous thing, subject to indifference and discrimination. This artist with superb painting skills did not even have the opportunity to draw a comic book.<br />
<br />
乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
<br />
Even when it's warmer there is still a chill. It is most difficult to keep well.<br />
<br />
在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,一头不驯服的长发如垂下万根烦恼丝 。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
<br />
In his humble room in Changchun, Yuan Yunsheng was drawing a portrait of himself with a brush in his hand in front of a mirror. A head full of sadness appeared on the sketch, with deep creases, a weed-like beard, and long untamed hair such as hanging down ten thousand trouble silk. His hair was very long and he didn’t have time to care about it, so rarely trimmed it. This appearance, from the personality of the art, matched the painter's difficult state of mind and stubborn temperament... He was nearly forty years old. Since the criticism of ''Memory of the Water Town'', he had not painted a picture according to his own will for more than ten years. How could it not make him have thousands of trouble silk!<br />
<br />
他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
<br />
He threw down his paintbrush irritably and picked up a novel to kill time.<br />
<br />
兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
<br />
Every time Lanying returned home, she always asked with concern, "Yunsheng, have you got any news?"<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head, and the wife sighed.<br />
<br />
兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
<br />
Lanying was already a middle-aged woman. She gave birth to a third child and shouldered the burden of a family of five. On the family agenda, Lanying's main concern was still her husband's art. Art brought joy to her husband, and his joy was her joy. She also waited with the same anxiety.<br />
<br />
1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
<br />
In May 1978, the enthusiastic efforts of a few friends finally paid off, and Yuan Yunsheng got a chance to go out sketching in the beautiful Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province.<br />
<br />
他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了妻子,全家人像过节一样快乐。<br />
<br />
When he received the telegram from Yunnan People's Publishing House, he was ecstatically happy. He immediately told his wife this excellent thing and the whole family was happy just like at a festival.<br />
<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
<br />
His son asked curiously, "Dad, what does Xishuangbanna look like?"<br />
<br />
“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
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"Beautiful!" He said with a smile, "I'll show you the picture I paint when I came back."<br />
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女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
<br />
His daughter tugged at his coat: "Dad, what good things are there in Xishuangbanna?"<br />
<br />
“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
<br />
"There’s a lot of fruit." He stroked his daughter's head, "I'll buy some for you to eat."<br />
<br />
他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
<br />
He was busy packing and organizing his painting tools, making a big mess, and he could not wait to start on his way.<br />
<br />
兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying looked at the things spread all over the floor and asked in amazement: "Why do you bring so many things?"<br />
<br />
丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注一掷了!”<br />
<br />
Her husband said, "It's a rare opportunity, so I need to go for broke!"<br />
<br />
是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使一颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴一样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
<br />
Yes, this painter had been treated coldly for many years. If you think about his action of picking himself up from under the wheel and going to northern Shaanxi that year, you can understand his feelings at this moment. He was eager to go deeply into life and considered it more important than life. Now, a publishing unit sent a formal invitation to him, which made the heart of a man who was loyal to art ablaze like dry firewood.<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,一针针,一线线,直缝到天色薄明。<br />
<br />
In the evening, Lanying found some old cloth and sewed a backpack for her husband under the lamp, needle by needle, thread by thread, until the break of dawn.<br />
<br />
“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
<br />
"How long will you go this time?" Lanying asked.<br />
<br />
“三个月吧。”画家说,“你一个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
<br />
"About three months." The painter said, "Can you take after three children alone?"<br />
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妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
<br />
The wife smiled: "I'm satisfied that you can think of my difficulties..."<br />
<br />
这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府——景洪。他被西双版纳惊人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁着珠光宝气。<br />
<br />
In May of that year, Yuan arrived at Jinghong, the capital of Xishuangbanna, on the banks of the Lancang River. He was deeply shocked by the amazing beauty of Xishuangbanna. When he looked up, everywhere was rich green, and everywhere was picturesque. <br />
The forest was as green as emerald, the valley was like being paved with green velvet, the river was like flowing congealed fat, and the moist air also felt like crystal. No wonder the Dai people compared Xishuangbanna to a shining jewel. The mountains and waters here were glittering with pearls.<br />
<br />
有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
<br />
Who could feel the beauty of life better than a painter? There were so many beautiful sceneries, as if he came to the paradise in hope. The creator of nature seemed to have a special love for this land and poured out the romantic colors of the world everywhere, so that he feasted his eyes on it and he was ecstatic!<br />
<br />
他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地 。招待所的服务人员很有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进一间中等客房。<br />
<br />
He checked in the Jinghong hostel and took a break, preparing to go deeper into the Xishuangbanna. The hostel staff received the painter politely, leading him into a moderate room.<br />
<br />
画家开口就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "How much does this room cost for one day?"<br />
<br />
服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
<br />
The staff said, "Two yuan and a half."<br />
<br />
“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
<br />
"Is there any room cheaper?"<br />
<br />
“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"There is one for seventy dimes a day."<br />
<br />
“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
"Good! I’ll check in this room."<br />
<br />
他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下ー步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各<br />
<br />
的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
<br />
幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出 的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
<br />
云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族 的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
<br />
好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的 背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有!40多斤重。小伙子看了直 抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
<br />
袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
<br />
瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
<br />
奏鸣曲<br />
<br />
瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
<br />
呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
<br />
那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝ー样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
<br />
就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
<br />
西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰 富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住 兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在ー棵树 前,一画就是一整天。<br />
<br />
“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
<br />
“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古 老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
<br />
袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。 每ー笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家 的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小 虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理 昧 <br />
<br />
中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来オ深有感 受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
<br />
画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在ー起的<br />
<br />
他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情 而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
<br />
每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。 晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛 着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗 条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
<br />
“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银 铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她 们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露ー截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使 她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后ー盘,自然地溜向ー 边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
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少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来ー阵阵悠扬 的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在 纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
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诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就 在苦苦思索ー个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
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美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出 你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
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面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我 感受却不尽相同。ー百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,ー百种不同的表现方法。<br />
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艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。<br />
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从夏末到中秋,他在ー串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勧定的一个偏僻的 小村寨。<br />
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这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上 开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本 寨的荣耀。<br />
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同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无カ同病魔 斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是 “鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者ー商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那<br />
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些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
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“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的ー 瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精 粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的 请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起 画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
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小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的 经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂 痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在ー起进餐,然后由男方挑着担 子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱 护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像ー泓溪 水那样清澈。<br />
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一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清 脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的 手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
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这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在 古老的贝叶经里的传说一从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘 据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑 娘们生出ー计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头ー沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒 醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。 一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使 自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
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晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这 万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
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广为流传的神话传说,往往是ー个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到 的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑 海里汇集,逐渐熔化为ー团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳 美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地 多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西 双版纳。这是ー个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、 秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条一单纯与丰富高度和谐地统ー!<br />
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他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的 独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。 那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的ー组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
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昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘 绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
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公主啊!<br />
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你是ー颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
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但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
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把宝石镶在我的心上 <br />
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他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
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二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
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袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
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兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心 开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画 不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
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画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失 火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
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其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们 忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
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画家在长春的ー个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁 愕然了。<br />
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这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰 英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出ー个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗 震棚挪动着……<br />
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显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的 艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
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朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那<br />
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位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道<br />
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壁画之梦 <br />
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The Dream of Murals<br />
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不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。 <br />
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At some point, through the glass window covered with ice flowers, a hazy blue light came in, like a fairy stretching out her white arms and lifting the veil as soft as a dream.<br />
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屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀一样扑朔不定。 <br />
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The room seemed bright and dim, with faint yellow glow of the electric light and murky air around, and the glow fluttered in a haze of smoke like wings.<br />
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他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。 <br />
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He wagged his head vigorously, and rubbed his eyes. The paintings on the table turned into a white mist, rising and spreading. Everything was blurred.<br />
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他搞不清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里…… <br />
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He didn’t know whether he was awake at the moment, or vaguely in a dream...<br />
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昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。一抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从梦境回到了现实的世界。 <br />
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Last night he slept too late and smoked too much. Or rather, he didn't sleep, just lying next to the messy paintings and ashtray full of cigarette butts on the table for a while. When he looked up, it was dawn. The first ray of morning sunlight caressed the buildings in the suburbs of Beijing. He pushed the window open, and let the cold morning breeze chase away the fatigue of the night. He went back from the dream to the real world.<br />
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这是1979年1月,在北京白家庄。 <br />
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It was January 1979, in Baijiazhuang, Beijing.<br />
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袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和工艺美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得到了推荐,也在被邀请之列。 <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing on his way home from a six-month-long trip to Yunnan. A great joy forced him to stay in Beijing. At that time, the new terminal building of Capital Airport was like a magnificent crystal palace going up in the eastern suburbs of Beijing, equipped with the world's most advanced technology. The spacious and comfortable departure lounges and restaurants, automatic doors, baggage carousels, weight scales with electronic digital display, special quartz clocks made by Seikosha, high-efficiency indoor air conditioning devices, precise navigation and communication systems... They constituted the magnificent air gateway of the capital, whose degree of modernization was unparalleled in China. In today's world, modern architectural design was integrated with exquisite art decoration, and the ancient mural art was revived, accommodating with the development of construction industry based on new industrial technology. People in charge of the capital airport were managers of the new enterprise indeed. They invited more than fifty excellent artists as well as arts and crafts workers, led by Zhang Ding, the dean of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, to create a large modern murals for the terminal building. Yuan Yunsheng, who had been silent for more than two decades, was lucky enough to be recommended and was among the invitees.<br />
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随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使一些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单一些,拿他的话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。” <br />
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With the opening of a crack in the window of ideological liberation in early 1979, the close relationship between literature and art and politics, which was very hot, was gradually adjusted over the years, making some artists calm down. They reconsidered the old and difficult proposition of the relationship between literature and art and politics, and denied the claim that literature and art was subordinate to politics. Their intentions were kind and peaceful, unwilling to use the arrow of art to touch sensitive political issues to avoid being blamed for something other than art; at the same time, they hoped to escape from the influence of the wind change and maintain the relative stability of the range of art, without rising or falling like a floating feather. But Yuan Yunsheng thought more simply, in his words, "Art is art, which needs to be sincere."<br />
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袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节——生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻辑和客观条件应运而生的。 <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng's large mural design ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', was born based on this simple logic and objective conditions.<br />
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候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的一块地方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴的哲理。他决定抦弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。” <br />
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A large wall of the passenger’s dining room in the terminal, together with a corner, was given to him. What a big space! He stood before the white wall, astonished and delighted, wanting to pour out all the words in the heart to this wall. Artistic creation always spared no effort without reservation to present the most beautiful part of the artist's feelings of the mind. For more than twenty years, the language of art and life he had accumulated resounded in his heart like a surging river, and the unforgettable impression he had from his trip to Xishuangbanna was the climax of the good things and the leaping wave of his whole life experience. At that time, the only subject he thought of was the Water-Splashing Festival. The myths and legends he heard, recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra condensed the emotions like flames, the free imagination and the clear and pure philosophy of the tropical ethnic group. He decided to abandon the conception of genre and narrative paintings and used the lines he had practiced over the years to express the people's desire for a future of freedom and happiness. He said, “It is a pleasant surprise for me to paint a mural praising the spirit and sentiment of the Dai people on a huge wall with 27 meters wide and 3.4 meters high."<br />
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主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知命运如何? <br />
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Artists who advocated art for the sake of politics could also attribute this subject to politics. However, this idea, after all, left the specific political context and contained the deeper and more distant time and space as well as timeless themes. If it was in the past, such an artistic conception would have been intervened by politics and would have been accused of rebelling against orthodoxy. What was his fate this time?<br />
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袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境…… <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng's brother, Yuan Yunfu, gave him a room in his apartment in Baijiazhuang, which was both a bedroom and a studio. However, the small bed was rarely used. He spread out his sketch and entered a dream, a dream of flowing lines and beautiful colors...<br />
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在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统一。那座大门却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门搏斗,一支接一支地吸烟,一张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。 <br />
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In the dream of art, there were also untold troubles. Apart from anything else, the door in the wall of the dining room was annoying. Originally, the artistic language of mural should be harmonized with the artistic language of architecture. The door, however, divided the wall and become an obstacle to the artistic conception. He spent the whole night fighting with the annoying door, smoking one cigarette after another, and drawing one sketch after another. His brother lived in the room opposite to his room, who could see the light coming from the crack of the door all night long, and the smell of smoke wafted up. And his energy, effort and life were consumed in the light blue smoke. The next day when the door was opened, his face was pale.<br />
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“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。 <br />
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"How can your body stand it!" Yuan Yunfu said.<br />
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“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……” <br />
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"It's doesn't matter." He smiled faintly, "I get used to it..."<br />
<br />
在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出一股韧性。为了重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟此时的心情。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of the elder brother, his younger brother was a completely different people than before. On the night more than twenty years ago, when Yuan Yunsheng told his brother that he was classified as a "rightist” in the same room, his round face was full of innocence, as if he was telling a light anecdote. Now, that face had experienced the hardships and troubles of life, stumbling on the rugged road, and had become angular with a stern look, revealing a resilience. In order to regain this opportunity to create in Beijing, what a price he had to pay! Yuan Yunfu understood his brother's feelings at this time.<br />
<br />
整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法——“拱桥的两头很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》） <br />
<br />
All day long, Yuan Yunsheng locked himself in his room and had a dream of mural. He was inspired by the familar principle of the arch bridge in the suburbs of Suzhou, and found a way to cross the gate -- “The two ends of the arch bridge are very heavy, holding the towering and thin top. It is stable in mechanics, and how beautiful the curve like the rainbow is! The idea of constructing a rainbow of people with the activities of the Dai people is fascinating..." (quoted in ''Art Research'', Issue 1, 1980, Yuan Yunsheng: ''The Dream of Murals'')<br />
<br />
实现这个迷人的想法,真是一项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每一个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了…… <br />
<br />
It was a huge project to realize this fascinating idea. The splendid and colorful images of the Water-Splashing Festival came to his eyes: carrying water, sharing water, splashing water, dancing, boat racing, bathing at night, the quiet family life in the bamboo house of the Dai people and the young men and women who didn’t want to leave with each other in the jungle after dusk... Hundreds of characters appeared under his brush, and each of them was vivid and true. At the same time, it was decorative, exaggerated, personalized, and full of lyricism. The sketch was longer and longer, and the crowds like the rainbow were stretching out. The painter, who was immersed in the frenzy of his creation, seemed to be accompanied by music in his ears. He grasped the brush as if grasping the baton of the symphony orchestra, to express the shifts of melody and rhythm through the flowing lines, and the solemn, fervent and tenaciously upward theme song gradually rose up...<br />
<br />
又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还有灯光。 <br />
<br />
It was another early morning that Yuan Yunfu, who lived in the opposite room, woke up from his sleep and saw the light under the door of his brother’s room.<br />
<br />
这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunfu was also very tired these days. He also participated in the creation of murals at the Capital Airport, painting the first draft of ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan''. If he was exploring the path of art with his experience and artistic accomplishment, his brother was sprinting with his life. Half a month passed, in fifteen days and nights, the light in the opposite room did not go out. What an amazing perseverance! Even the golden stone should cry for his sincerity of the art... <br />
<br />
对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀! <br />
<br />
A light blue smoke was coming from the opposite room with a heavy coughing sound, each hoarser than the last. However, he was still painting, and still smoking incessantly. The coughing sound could be heard without end, and it was heart-wrenching to hear it in the silence before dawn. He was destroying the foundation of his health to build a spiritual building, and the lines on the sketch were clearly the blood streak of life!<br />
<br />
天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休息几天,回长春去过年吧。” <br />
<br />
After dawn, Yuan Yunfu said to his brother, "You probably forget that the day after tomorrow is Lunar New Year's Eve. I advise you to take a few days off and go back to Changchun for the New Year."<br />
<br />
袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用。第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制。” <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng shook his head, “I don’t have enough time. Although the second draft was drawn, but I haven’t had time to copy it."<br />
<br />
“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。” <br />
<br />
"You don’t care about your own body, but you have to think about Lanying.” His brother said. "You have been away from Changchun for more than six months. It is unreasonable for you not to go back for the Spring Festival."<br />
<br />
提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能在家待几天?” <br />
<br />
When it came to Lanying, Yuan Yunsheng was no longer obstinate. On New Year's Eve, he rushed back to Changchun. Lanying asked him, "How many days can you stay at home this time?"<br />
<br />
画家说:“春节一过,还得讨论画稿。这一稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "After the New Year, I still have to discuss the drafts. I have not made a copy of this one yet, so I brought it back home."<br />
<br />
兰英叹了一口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……” <br />
<br />
Lanying sighed, "So, even in the Spring Festival, you still can’t have a good rest..."<br />
<br />
画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "It's not difficult to copy, but it takes time."<br />
<br />
兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?” <br />
<br />
Lanying thought about it, "Well, can I help you?"<br />
<br />
画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。 <br />
<br />
The painter looked at his wife with affection and nodded.<br />
<br />
这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下一个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹…… <br />
<br />
This was the first time that Lanying was directly involved in her husband's artistic creation. At night, they turned on the lamp, set up a glass plate, laid out a translucent copy paper, and copied the painting of the Water-Splashing Festival together. This work, which celebrated the Dai people, also left traces of a Han woman's feelings...<br />
<br />
从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
<br />
From the first to the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, they spent their time in this way. Lanying and the painter stayed up late together.<br />
<br />
忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴云笼罩着...... <br />
<br />
The busy painter did not even notice that Lanying's thin face was more withered, covered by the heavy cloud of illness...<br />
<br />
牛皮纸 <br />
<br />
Kraft Paper<br />
<br />
春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。 <br />
<br />
Just after the Spring Festival, Yuan Yunsheng returned to Beijing with the colored design.<br />
<br />
绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
<br />
Preparations for the mural painting were under way intensely. In order to get the best artistic effect, Capital Airport imported a batch of acrylic paints from Hong Kong. This was a new painting material popular in Europe, America and Japan in recent years. It had bright and soft color, strong covering power, and was suitable for multi-layered sfumato and foil, and maintained the stability of the color of the painting for a long time under various conditions of wetting, drying, hot and cold.<br />
<br />
参加《泼水节——生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
<br />
Lian Weiyun and Fei Zheng, two collaborators who participated in the painting of ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', also arrived in succession. They were both accomplished middle-aged artists. After looking Yuan Yunsheng's design, they were impressed by the charm of the combination of traditional techniques of Chinese painting and western modern art, and were interested in it and eager to have a try.<br />
<br />
脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。 <br />
<br />
The scaffolding was set up and the walls were covered with solid backing cloth. Everything was ready and it was early summer. One day in June, Lanying came to Beijing from Changchun.<br />
<br />
兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的一次妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。 <br />
<br />
This time, Lanying made a special trip to Beijing to see a doctor. In fact, her condition had already been discovered. In a gynecological examination before the Spring Festival, the doctor felt an obvious foreign body in the uterus. Because her husband was away and she needed to take care of the children, her illness had not been treated. Recently, due to the rapid aggravation of her condition, she had to go to a large hospital in Beijing for a diagnosis.<br />
<br />
在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻待在一起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮工。 <br />
<br />
While waiting to see a doctor, Lanying and her husband stayed in a newly built hotel for international flight crews at the Capital Airport. The room was small but comfortable with spring beds, a bathroom, and shutters in the ceiling also indicated that there was air-conditioning equipment. Since her marriage, Lanying had never lived in such a high-class accommodation with her husband. However, the time the couple spent together was still limited. Every day, when the first purple rays of the morning sun came in through the curtains, Yuan Yunsheng turned over and got up, hurriedly wipded the face. The sound of rushing away footsteps could be heard in the corridor. After a busy day, it was already late at night when he returned, covered in sweat and paint, like a house repairman who had just climbed down from the scaffolding.<br />
<br />
好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是出乎意料的,几个月以前的一小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到癌——恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢? <br />
<br />
Finally, it was the day of diagnosis. When Lanying got the diagnosis, moving tired steps out of the hospital, she felt her body and mind sinking downward, as if sinking into a bottomless abyss. The rate of the development of the disease was unexpected, a small foreign body a few months ago had grown into a big lump. Lanying herself was a surgeon, with professional knowledge and clinical experience, who understood the seriousness in the rate of deterioration of the disease. She thought about cancer--malignant cells tended to cause malformed expansion, while benign tumors were relatively steady; if it was not cancer, it was just a fluke. She walked slowly, and her mind was empty, the grey mist floating and sparks of consciousness flickering on and off. She felt painfully, intuitively, that the defenses of her health had been destroyed by everyday’s pressure because of excessive worry and fatigue from chores over the years. Did her lover, her children and everything in the future still belong to her?<br />
<br />
她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了候机大楼,站在脚手架旁…… <br />
<br />
She went back to the airport. The painter could not be found at the accommodation during the day. She stepped across the long asphalt road, entered the terminal building, and stood by the scaffolding...<br />
<br />
大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着一场真正的建设——脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。 <br />
<br />
The lobby was spacious and solemn. The new glass windows reflected the blue sky, and the abundant light rushed in and then spread out, softly scattering on the four walls. Here, in the heat of June, there was a real construction going on--the huge structure of scaffolding climbing up to the roof; on the ground, brushes, palettes and paint buckets were piled up haphazardly, showing how busy the art site was.<br />
<br />
兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在…… <br />
<br />
Lanying looked up and found her husband's figure on the scaffolding. He bent over, holding a brush in his hand, sketching on the wall. His long black hair hang down from his forehead, swinging ceaselessly in the air with his body, as if a cellist holding the bowstring was absorbed in the enchanting music he was playing, and the world around him no longer existed...<br />
<br />
兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,一个艺术赤子的オ华、智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。 <br />
<br />
Lanying stood there dumbfounded. Here and now, perhaps only she could deeply understand her husband's state of mind. From the tiny world of that humble room in Changchun to this grand and spacious lobby, the talents, wisdom and suppressed ambition of a man who was loyal to art broke away from all fetters and poured out. He even wanted to put his hot life into the tip of the brush, pouring, splashing and melting into the picture in front of him.<br />
<br />
墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华! <br />
<br />
Various lines on the wall presented the dense jungle in Xishuangbanna, full of vitality. With the movement of the brush, like the process happened in color developer in the darkroom, the images of several Dai women gradually became clear. Their stretched waists, flexible arms, and action of strong inclination added the sense of motion of the scene of water splashing. Lanying seemed to hear the cheerful rhythm of the small gong and the exciting drumbeat of the elephant-foot drum. The hazy expressions in the women's faces had infinite yearnings. Thus, the dead wall became alive. It was the artist's passion for life was shining, the reproduction of a beautiful vision. The limited life of the artist was sublimated in the meaningful art!<br />
<br />
站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。 <br />
<br />
Standing behind the art stage to see the art was the easiest to touch off the aftertaste of life. <br />
<br />
兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得到了精神的补偿。 <br />
<br />
Lanying felt relaxed, and the heavy feeling like being clogged with lead when she left the hospital was alleviated. Art had already intruded into her destiny, turning her from an outsider into an insider. She got spiritual compensation from the breath of artistic creation.<br />
<br />
这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查有结果了吗?” <br />
<br />
At this time, the painter climbed down from the scaffolding, spotted his wife at a glance, and walked quickly towards her, "Did you get the result of the examination at the hospital?"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说......” <br />
<br />
Lanying said. "Go on with your work. I’ll talk to you when we came back..."<br />
<br />
妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。” <br />
<br />
The peaceful face of his wife reassured the painter. He said, "You should stay in your room and have a good rest."<br />
<br />
“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
<br />
"I'm not tired. Lanying smiled faintly and said with studied casualness, "What can I do for you?"<br />
<br />
Chapter Two<br />
<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对一对画稿上的人物动作。” <br />
<br />
The painter seriously considered for a moment: “Oh, I need you here. Please imitate and check the action of the characters on the sketch for our reference.” <br />
<br />
“好吧。”妻子应允了。 <br />
<br />
"All right." The wife agreed.<br />
<br />
兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容…… <br />
<br />
Lanying made various body movements on the painter’s instructions. Fortunately, she was an active member of the literary and artistic activities twenty years ago with a little dance skills, natural movements, and an ideal slender body. It consumed a lot of time, and the painter looked left and right, directing Lanying's posture while examining the characters on the sketch. For Lanying, who was ill, it was an excessive burden. But she maintained a dignified posture with great endurance, and a serene smile appeared on her pale and tired face...<br />
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几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为一个外科医生,如果给自己开一张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的一桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カ一搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏在心底很久很久了。 <br />
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A few days later, Lanying boarded the northbound train and left Beijing. Her husband went to the station to see her off. Until the moment before her departure, the wife did not tell her husband about her illness. Lanying repeatedly considered the gains and losses. As a surgeon, she would not have hesitated to write “hospitalize immediately and surgically remove" if she had given herself a treatment order. The key to the treating a relentless tumor, whether it was benign or malignant, was to treat it in time.But she thought of her husband, and a wonderful career beyond him. Once she was hospitalized for a major surgery, her husband would not hesitate to accompany her and serve her, because she had no other close relatives in this world. In that way, the painter's work would stop, or at least be influence. Her husband was struggling on the difficult road of art and could not be delayed. Lanying had to give up her treatment, even if it meant the hope of life, in exchange for the extension of the artistic life. This idea, from the day she fell in love with the painter, had been buried in her heart for a long, long time.<br />
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一声长笛,列车开走了,载着一颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾霭中...... <br />
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With a whistle, the train drove away, carrying the heart of an ordinary but great woman, and disappearing in the fog...<br />
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袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,一株热带丛林特有的鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像是在为自己的青春而骄傲…… <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng and his collaborators worked hard and four months passed. The painting work was coming to an end. Turning a corner of the wall, a view of Xishuangbanna at dusk appeared. In the light blue glow, there was a Passionfora edulis unique to the tropical jungle. Its luxuriant branches and leaves were like a cluster of hydrangea, forming a beautiful screen. Dai girls Girls who took a bath at night, holding a clay pot, poured clear spring water on their body. They wore their long and undulating hair down to the ground, which seemed like the ripples of water flowing from high mountains. After the bath, the girls were combing their long hair with a tender smile on their face, as if they were proud of their youth...<br />
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环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。 <br />
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Surrounding the girl's bodies were a few flowing lines, which were the outline of the clothes that was sketched out in the draft. The painter was still uncertain how to handle them. In the process of painting, the onlookers who came and went through the lobby paid special attention to the girls taking baths at night on the wall, wanting to see whether they would be clothed or not.<br />
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洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。“我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的一种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况他画的是神话传说而不是习俗…… <br />
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It is a common knowledge in life that taking a bath (rather than splashing water) needs to take off clothes. In life, Dai women were more innocent. During the days in Xishuangbanna, the painter bathed many times with Dai men and women at the well and in the Lancang River. They were natural and graceful, treating nudity as a as a creation of nature, so they did not feel it was very mysterious. “I admit that I have more conservative thinking.” Yuan Yunsheng said sincerely, “Because of this, I am more respectful of them.” In the history of painting, the language of nudity was an artistic language with rich expressiveness. Represented by Venus in ancient Greece, it developed into an independent aesthetic category. Similarly, using the language of nudity to express the author's worship of women and the praise for life became necessary for this particular scene in the mural. Not to mention that he painted myths and legends rather than customs...<br />
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看来,画家打错了主意? <br />
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It seems that the painter got the wrong idea?<br />
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在一些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和犯罪搅成一池浑水。 <br />
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In the eyes of some people, the style of nude was a “evil custom of barbarians” in the west! The richer the material life of the west was, the poorer the spiritual civilization was to the extent that the body was not covered by clothes. On the contrary, the great revolution of spiritual culture and the great retrogression of material production occurred at the same period in our country. In the past ten years, people’s vision had been highly purified. Chinese women did not even want to wear skirts, cheongsams, or tight-fitting shirts, and wrapped themselves up tightly so as not to show their changeable lines. By doing so, they would not stain the eyes of others and desecrate their bodies. However, treating aesthetics as the result of getting rid of evil concepts did not improve the morality of the society, but brought spiritual impoverishment and degradation. As a result, just like the pure springs turned into muddy currents, art and crime were mixed into a pool of muddy water.<br />
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盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。 <br />
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In the height of summer, when the scene of “bathing at night" stood out, although the images of these young girls were decorative, symbolic and simple, it still caused a stir.<br />
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这并不显眼的一角却引来一批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
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This inconspicuous corner attracted numerous viewers, including curious people, anxious people, passers-by and spectators. People were talking about it in different tones, surprised, harsh or vulgar...<br />
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这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不韪了。如要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的一场争论。 <br />
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It was the first time in years that a nude appeared on modern Chinese murals. The author did a wrong thing that was considered as a big one at the time. If he wanted to solve dispute, it was easy, lifting the brush, smearing a few strokes, and dressing the figures in blouses and skirts, which cost nothing. Then he and his whole family would be blessed and away from misfortune. But he was reluctant to do that. He thought of a controversy in history over the issue of nude art.<br />
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六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的一班轻薄少年、无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军阀败北。 <br />
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Sixty years ago, a group of courageous painters in Shanghai were reviled for using nudity in their teachings and creations. At that time, the newspapers published many critical articles, saying that the painter “offended public decency”, “wanted to make the women of the world into a shameless position" and “broke down the boundaries between Chinese men and women”... And at that time, a group of libertines and loafers in Shanghai took nude photos for sale, which provided handles to trolls. Until the warlord Sun Chuanfang was angered, the painter was wanted by telegram. The painter concentrated all his efforts on rising to the challenge without fear, and wrote articles saying that “Scoundrels made nude photos and obscene picture of prostitutes to attract others for profit, I am very sad... Why Private Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts is blamed? Why I am blamed?” "I advocated that ambition of art shouldn’t be takev away... Although I have to defy all difficulties and dangers, I will never refuse.” The struggle ended in victory for the painter and defeat for the warlord.<br />
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历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的一桩旧案犹未了结。 <br />
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History had gone by more than half a century. Times were different, but an old case in the art world was not settled yet.<br />
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“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思想解放!” <br />
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"What we encountered is no longer a body issue.” Yuan Yunsheng said to his companions, “It is related to the ideological liberation of the art world!"<br />
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他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。 <br />
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They insisted on making no changes. This detail in the murals was used as a stone of exploring and was thrown on the path of artistic spring presented in front of them after the smashing of the "Gang of Four".<br />
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舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事…… <br />
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After all, the pressure of public opinion was too great. In order to provide a peaceful environment for the painter to paint, the airport and the construction company were kind to cover up the doors and windows of the lobby while the painting work was still incomplete. Thus, the modernized doors were covered with thick kraft papers produced in the traditional way in China, and the murals painted in imported acrylic paints were hidden in a dull yellow glow of classical colors. The painter was at peace for the moment and went on with their unfinished work...<br />
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不是结尾 <br />
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Not the End<br />
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10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动…… <br />
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One day in late October, the autumn wind swirled yellow sand, sweeping above the streets of Beijing. Yuan Yunsheng walked down the street quickly, facing the wind, and his long and thick black hair fluttering in the wind...<br />
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首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。 <br />
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The painting work of murals at the Capital Airport had been completed. The artists and art workers, led by Zhang Ding, achieved great success. The papers and TV stations published and broadcasted murals with distinctive characteristics and modern style: ''Nezha Conquers the Dragon King'', ''Song of the Forest'', ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan'', ''The Spring of Science'' and ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life''... It was like a hot whirlwind in the art world and society, provoking intense reactions. Before the Fourth Congress of Chinese Writers and Artists, a group of celebrities from the circles of literature and art, theory, architecture, foreign trade and press and publication came to the Capital Airport to attend the unveiling ceremony and congratulate the artists.<br />
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国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人一进入中国就有一个强烈的印象,这种艺术是一个国家国力的象征。” <br />
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They acquired great recognition from foreigners. Foreign friends stood in the lobby of the terminal building, looking around the four walls with appreciative eyes and saying, "Beijing Airport will be famous all over the world for its murals.” ”It gives people a strong impression upon entering China that this art is a symbol of a country's national power."<br />
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日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……” <br />
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Hirayama Ikuo, a famous Japanese painter, also came to visit. He said that Chinese culture had two peaks in history: the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, and he believed that the third peak was coming. He said to Yuan Yunsheng with a smile, "After seeing your murals, I think Xishuangbanna is very beautiful. I really want to change the plan of this trip and go there..."<br />
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这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰一样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔…… <br />
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These days, Yunsheng was very busy. Meeting with foreign guests, accepting interviews and giving speeches on stage filled up his daily schedule. The lonely days were gone, followed by honors, applauses, and toasts, like stepping from the rugged mountain road to the peak full of flowers... He walked on the street, the wind and sand rushing toward him, and his lapel swaying in the wind. At this moment, contrary to the joy brought by the brilliant success, his face was strangely sad and sorrowful, frozen like ice, cold as a rock. It seemed to have infinite remorse in his indifference...<br />
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呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化? <br />
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Oh, what were you doing for? Were you still not satisfied? Or were you still worried about the change of political wind?<br />
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不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着一个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作是坚定正确的表现。 <br />
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No. He was not worried about that. He was confident. For more than twenty years, he had been tenacious exploring towards a set goal with the sincerity of art. He had never been discouraged in the face of any setbacks. He loved the art of the country, and was classified as a "rightist" because he disagreed with Soviet painting theory. But now people who took the same position were seen as having a solid and right performance.<br />
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他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。 <br />
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He loved the watery towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and took a hit for painting the beautiful scenes of the rural market. But now markets all over the country were more prosperous than they were then. Oh life, many things would be changed after thirty years! He no longer believed in temporary and hasty conclusions. His personality and the personality of his art had been strengthened by adversity, becoming independent of the conclusions.<br />
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那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧? <br />
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So, why were you sad? Why were you depressed?<br />
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只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无望,只等待手术的判决…… <br />
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Just because his wife, bosom friend, backer of his career and partner in distress, was lying sickly in the hospital. It was not until a few days earlier that he learned of the illness that Lanying had hidden from him. After four months of suffering from the disease, Lanying's health collapsed! When she left Changchun, her sick body wasted away, with weak spirit and pale and yellow face. Her female companions, who saw her off, could not see any color on her face, took it as their last farewell, breaking down in tears. At this moment, she lay quietly in a hospital in Beijing, and she seemed tired. Once the burden was lifted from her shoulders, she didn’t have words, complaints and hope, only waiting for the verdict of surgery...<br />
<br />
一个人站立起来了,另一个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南去的列车上一见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下一笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。 <br />
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One people stood up, another fell down, and she fell down for him. Since they met on the southbound train, she made too many voluntary sacrifices. If the wife really could never stand up again, then what was the meaning of her husband's success today for her? She was a doctor, a good wife and mother, and a person dedicated to art. Her contributions could never be rewarded, and she could not leave a mark on any art classic, but only painful memories engraved in her husband's heart.<br />
<br />
画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼眶里滚动。 <br />
<br />
The painter ran down the street to the hospital, a storm stirring up in his heart. His eyes were wet, white tears rolling in his eyes.<br />
<br />
他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:一种是诚实的艺术家;另一种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。 <br />
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He thought of the two kinds of people who were closest to art in the wide world. One was the honest artist; the other was the person who did not know art but was pure and simple, such as his lovely wife.<br />
<br />
他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少一些吗?<br />
<br />
They didn’t have other intention, just for art. To recognize their hard work was the minimum to tolerate the existence of art. But they suffered too much beyond art. Couldn’t they suffer less?<br />
<br />
他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。 <br />
<br />
He walked on the street in Beijing, his tearful eyes shining with anticipation.<br />
<br />
后记: <br />
<br />
Postscript:<br />
<br />
本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又过了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世事变迁未可尽述。 <br />
<br />
After this article was published, the heroine recovered after treatment. A few years later, the hero went to the U.S. alone. And many things had changed and it was impossible to mention them all.<br />
<br />
——作者 <br />
<br />
--Author<br />
<br />
（原载《十月》1980年6月） <br />
<br />
(Originally published in ''October'', June 1980)<br />
<br />
==卷一：10.热血男儿==<br />
<br />
热血男儿<br />
<br />
李士非<br />
<br />
满腔的热血已经沸腾。<br />
<br />
《国际歌》<br />
<br />
ー、能见到袁庚吗?<br />
<br />
在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天,蛇口エ业区和它的领导人袁庚,名扬国内外,越 来越引人注目。<br />
<br />
但是,我接受写袁庚的任务,未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他,手头也没有 积累多少关于他的资料,而且听说采访他很困难:他是香港招商局常务副董事长 （人们因此亲切地称他为袁董）,大部分时间在香港,每到蛇口,都忙得不可开交, 实在抽不出时间接受采访。但是,过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观,听过介绍,看 过录像,袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣,接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口 来,这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。“能见到袁庚吗?”“即使见不到袁庚也要写!”所谓 “冒险”,无非是写不出或写不好,个人面子不好看罢了,比起袁庚和他的朋友们从 事改革所冒的风险,简直是微不足道的。<br />
<br />
仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气,到这里待ー些日子也是值得的。<br />
<br />
“如果你只能待很短的时间,我劝你趁早打退堂鼓,不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆 辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意,开弓没有回头箭,退堂鼓是 不好打的。<br />
<br />
二、夜访梁宪<br />
<br />
在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口,袁庚出国去了,说是7月底或8月初 才能回来。最了解他的ー个人,东江纵队时期就和他ー起工作,现任蛇口工业区顾 <br />
问的许智明,到澳大利亚探亲去了,归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同, “时间就是金钱,效率就是生命”,白天工作紧张,找人谈话很难,晚上访问也要事 先约定,因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰 上袁庚的儿子袁中印,《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意,他马 上说:“有什么好写的?这么多人写过了,要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受 了乃父的影响,不大欢迎采访。“慢慢来吧,我一定要找你的。”我心里说。<br />
<br />
多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙,约定了 一天晚上9点钟去访问エ业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人,穿过海 滨花园,沐着海风,经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边,漫步走向梁宪的住 处。早已听说,他!962年毕业于中山大学外语系,是梁宗岱教授的高足,对法国文 学很有研究。果然,ー见之下,我就感到他是ー个充满艺术气质的人。<br />
<br />
他掏出港币,买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客,然后和我们谈笑风生。<br />
<br />
“你们是文人,我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人,她在中央戏剧学 院教书。我对她说:你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的,但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。 中国像你们这样的文人太多,像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一 句英语,“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙,黄虹坚ー时也 没反应过来,陈宜浩翻译说:“他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑 起来。<br />
<br />
梁宪大学毕业的时候,老百姓正在饿肚子,大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法 国文学的尖子,后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作,比袁庚晚半 年多一点。袁庚很器重他,有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。<br />
<br />
“我去香港的时候,老婆说:最怕你没骨气,没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是 有的,外派干部只要有一点热血,就不是追求几大件,而是感到抬不起头来!<br />
<br />
“刚到香港,每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐,ー串串的,海上漂着偷渡者的尸 体,我们不能忍受,啪一声把电视关了。<br />
<br />
“我们国内建设搞不好,连ー些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们, 心里真难受呀。所以,我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过:’我之所以这么干,是 为了实现我入党时的初衷。’”<br />
<br />
一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿,梁宪又概括地说:<br />
<br />
“我熟悉的人当中,有两个热血男儿,ー个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛,ー个就是 袁庚!”<br />
<br />
好一个“热血男儿” !这个词太恰当了,把这两个人相提并论太好了,我不禁<br />
<br />
怦然心动,觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。<br />
<br />
也真巧,比我年长20岁的刘任涛,是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第 一流的眼科专家,共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长,曾为刘伯承元帅安过义 眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》,改行当了电影编剧,“文化大革命”中在珠 影被诬为“历史反革命”,打断五根肋骨,投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动 期间,他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明,不顾自己的政治处境,不顾没 有任何医疗条件,决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他:“万一失败,你就 是阶级报复,就会重进监狱。”他不听,他终于成功了。“作为医生,我拯救了我的 灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀,立下遗嘱:死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢 复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
<br />
刘任涛和袁庚,经历和事业完全不同,但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身 精神,是多么相似呵!我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚,觉得对袁庚也开始熟 悉了。<br />
<br />
三、“冒险家”<br />
<br />
刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障,要冒风险。袁 庚在蛇口进行改革,要冒更大的风险:两年之前,不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影 地攻击经济特区嘛!<br />
<br />
但是,时代毕竟不同了,今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月 9日,胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区,袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆,和总书记有一 段精彩的对话。<br />
<br />
袁庚:关于改革问题,现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看,凡是搞改革 的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法,最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变 法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪,改良主义,结果六君子被 杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革,我想不会落得前人这样 的下场,我们是在党的领导下进行的,不会有问题吧,我们值得冒这个险!<br />
<br />
胡耀邦:过去的改革是下层少数人去改,领导者、统治者是压制的。现在 不同,我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改,现在和过去根本不同嘛!<br />
<br />
袁庚:我们感到,我们的干部是不大怕群众的,只怕顶头上司,怕上司不喜 欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说,我每次来蛇口,ー上码头,前呼后 拥的,下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒,就会忘乎所以,久而久之, 就不怕群众,不怕下级,因为群众、下级撤不了我的职,我只怕交通部,怕顶头 上司,只有他们才能撤我的职。<br />
<br />
所以,群众监督干部,群众有权选举和罢免干部,这至关重要。我们这里 想搞个改革试点,管委会由群众选举产生,每年投一次信任票,如果不信任票 超过半数,管委会就得改选,个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公 开的、直接的,由群众投票选举的领导班子,就会想群众之所想,急群众之所 急,就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手,就有人自动送礼 上门,如果头脑不清醒,不能自律,就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装 懂,诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部,我相信可以改变一下干部的结 构和干部的作风。我们想做这样ー个不太小的改革,准备冒一点风险。<br />
<br />
胡耀邦:（点头）好!很好!<br />
<br />
袁庚:总书记说了好,我们就记录在案,马上打报告这样做。<br />
<br />
胡耀邦:（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿,在哪 ー出戏里我忘记了,讽刺官僚主义者,他不敢骂台上的官,只敢骂戏台上堂前 的鼓。有一段唱词说:“一棵大树腹中空,两头都是皮儿绷,每天上堂敲三下, R卜咚ゆ咚又ゆ咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛!（全场大笑）<br />
<br />
党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印,想到ー块去了,这在蛇口的发 展史上,是应当大书特书的。<br />
<br />
1983年4月24日,选举产生了蛇口エ业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22 日,按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票?组干处处长虞 德海说:“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的,信任票不足半数就 得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决,一定要搞信任投票。” 投票结果,管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数,袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上,全 部投票公开,任人查阅,尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐,如“某某能力低”“某某 不堪信任”之类,也不加掩饰。<br />
<br />
这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。<br />
<br />
四、“那里不肯放,就辞职!”<br />
<br />
选举产生领导班子,定期举行信任投票,这是袁庚深思熟虑的ー项决定。他深<br />
深感到,不改革干部制度,不改变干部结构,任何改革都无从谈起,“四化”也只是 一句空话。<br />
<br />
有的领导干部,居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人:“你们大学建多大的桥?” 问来访的美国客人:“英国人讲英语,你们美国人讲什么语?”还有人向中央领导同 志汇报他到香港考察的收获:“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯!”如此等等,令人 啼笑皆非。这样的干部,怎能担当建设“四化”的重任!<br />
<br />
蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地）,指挥部只有 二十多个干部的时候,袁庚就开始考虑如何培育ー支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命 化的干部队伍。1981年,他排除阻カ,毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班,从全国 各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说,“我是个冒险家,为了蛇口的改革,我从 全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。<br />
<br />
当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员,委托交通部下属的交通科 学院情报所代为主持,在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、 江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。<br />
<br />
王潮梁!938年出生于江苏无锡,1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计 专业。早在1958年,他就参考外国的资料,在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫 原理,并和同学们一道造出了样品,在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对 飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是,在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年 代,几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机エ厂飞机设 计室任产品主管设计员,那时生产要听驻厂军代表的,而军代表只相信苏联专家和 苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料,翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂, 即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂,也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚 子气,却毫无办法。岁月如流,王潮梁搞了 17年飞机设计,却看到我们的飞机エ业 比印度还落后;又研制了四年的飞翔船,却看不到一艘飞翔船下水,那种壮志难酬 的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会,唯一的名额给了业务上 根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培 训班招生的广告时,他兴奋极了,“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方,去!”立刻把广告 剪下来,郑重地贴在本子上。<br />
<br />
他第一个走进考场,第一个走出考场。笔试、面试,成绩优良。主持考试的情 报所林鸿慈同志下了结论:这是个人才,录取！<br />
<br />
但是,在中国有一个很大的矛盾:生产资料是全民所有制,干部却是单位私有 制。ー个单位可以把ー个或ー批人才冷藏ー辈子<br />
<br />
长江航运科研所不肯放人。<br />
<br />
198I年11月,袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他,向他汇 报了招生的情况,特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。<br />
<br />
袁庚很激动。<br />
<br />
“小王是不是党员?”<br />
<br />
“不是。”<br />
<br />
“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量,开个头,那里不肯放,就辞职!我这 里收。最多就是人家去告状,最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先 例。告到国务院,我们就把这个同志的情况报上去,中央领导会支持我们。新华社 社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开’干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人 在单位不充分发挥作用,又不让调,这个局面不打开是不成的!”<br />
<br />
林鸿慈被袁庚打动了,写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁,同时通过各种渠道 去做说服、疏通工作。终于,用不着王潮梁辞职,单位同意放人了。1982年,王潮 梁来到蛇口工业区。<br />
<br />
五、企业管理研究生<br />
<br />
1982年12月的一天晚上,ー个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
<br />
这是一次事先约定的会见。<br />
<br />
年轻人叫余昌民,刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清 华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生,工作了八九年,深感中国企业管理的弊病 太多,1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年, 专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息,《读卖新闻》为 此发了专稿,登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了,干什么好呢?学校建议他到国家 经委属下的中国企业研究协会去,这当然是个专业对口的美差,但是在武汉工作的 爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候,蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。他每星期上街 去买《深圳特区报》,得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝,如饥似渴地加以研 究。不难判断,蛇口エ业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去!决心下定了,系 里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会,经朋友介绍,他就来登门拜访了。<br />
<br />
会面的一瞬间,两个人互相观察了一下。<br />
<br />
“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗?穿件中式棉袄,和一般的老干部没啥差别,不 是想象中的那个改革家的模样,而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真 的值得?”<br />
<br />
真正的一闪念,没容余昌民多想,袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
<br />
谈话开门见山。<br />
<br />
“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里?”<br />
<br />
“在于体制。”<br />
<br />
“对了!”袁庚兴奋起来,侃侃而谈,“上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦,说 他们要一千人,劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用,那七百是搭配的闲人,你再要, 就再搭配,再多余,反正是大锅饭,大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了,还说这是社会主义 的优越性!这样,工厂冗员越来越多,工厂成了小社会,在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的, 形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ,败坏着我们的民族素质!这样的体制不改革,我们 就没有出路!”<br />
<br />
“我的ー篇论文,提出了企业的素质问题。”<br />
<br />
“有何高见?”<br />
<br />
“素质,好比基本作用,像女排,形成了她们的基本作风,就有战斗カ。”<br />
<br />
“就把ー个企业比作球队吧,假如你是教练,别人随便塞人给你,你怎么办?”<br />
<br />
“我不要。”<br />
<br />
“不要不行!”<br />
<br />
“那我不干。”<br />
<br />
“对了,就得这样。”<br />
<br />
一老ー少,越谈越投机,彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处ー闪而过的那点 疑虑也完全打消了。<br />
<br />
“我们这里可要冒点风险。”<br />
<br />
“正因为这样オ要去,建设好了还去干什么?”<br />
<br />
“你个人有什么要求?”<br />
<br />
“只要求家属ー起去。”<br />
<br />
“这个我们来办。”<br />
<br />
两个月后,余昌民父亲去世,回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化,系里要留他。 企业管理系刚刚建立,工作需要,理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚 飞往蛇口,收不回来了。<br />
<br />
1983年3月,袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客,系里派余昌民随行。系 领导的目的,是让校长对余昌民有个印象,说服他留下来,同时出面解决他家属的 户ロ问题。<br />
<br />
谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口,袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有,余昌 民暗示要做刘达的工作。<br />
<br />
余昌民再一次请求:“校长,让我来蛇口吧。”<br />
<br />
“系里要我帮忙留你,我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。<br />
<br />
袁庚一再要求支持:“刘达同志,把小余给我们吧,我们迫切需要企业管理的专 门人才。”<br />
<br />
刘达心动了。这位参加过“ー二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
<br />
回去后,余昌民给系里写了报告,对系里的教育培养表示感谢,说明清华企业 管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设,这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都 至关重要。<br />
<br />
问题迎刃而解。7月,夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。<br />
<br />
当余昌民到エ业区大楼报到的时候,在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉 着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口,边走边说:“你是研究企业管理的,你先熟悉ー 下情况,有把握了再谈工作……”<br />
<br />
袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信,其中有一段话:<br />
<br />
关于小余的事,同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失ー小余,无妨 大局,蛇口得之,如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下,エ业区将受其惠。<br />
<br />
重感情的刘达,把这封信送给了余昌民,让他留作永久的纪念。<br />
<br />
六、星期天的早晨<br />
<br />
星期天早晨8点钟,顾立基刚起床,洗了脸,正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同 学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的,大家都熬了夜,现在让他们多睡一会儿 吧。顾立基轻手轻脚,唯恐弄出一点声音来。<br />
<br />
“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗?”<br />
<br />
门外传来ー个声音。顾立基一看,走廊上站着ー个六十多岁的老人和一个 姑娘。<br />
<br />
“我就是顾立基,您是?”<br />
<br />
“我是袁庚,蛇口的袁庚〇”老人首先伸出手来,“这是我女儿尼亚,她不放心我 的身体,一定要陪我来,其实我的身体还可以。你看,骑了半小时车子,轻松愉快。”<br />
<br />
顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 他深受感动。<br />
<br />
“我们到楼下谈吧,同学们还在睡觉。”<br />
<br />
楼下有一张靠背长椅,三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨,不冷不热,阳光和煦, 轻风拂面,校园一片宁静的气氛。<br />
<br />
“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会?”<br />
<br />
“是的,现在会员有一千多人了,成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。”<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长?”<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊,”顾立基笑了, “我是说过想当厂长,为此还惹过ー些麻 烦呢。”<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦?”<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。”<br />
<br />
“岂有此理!想当个厂长是什么野心!’不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’,这 是拿破仑说的还是谁说的? 一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对!”<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的,但是我感到中国更需要管理人才,所以主动旁听了企业管理 系研究生的全部课程。”<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧,我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班,要培养大量的管理人才。”<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像,我的心就动了,只是还没下定决心。”<br />
<br />
“现在呢?”<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了,去蛇口。”<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗?”<br />
<br />
有什么困难? 1982年的初夏,社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的,有人在 报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界,影射特区有变成租界的危险,造成一股无形的压 力,因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些,可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的 人在ー起,冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去,下属工厂任他挑选,这 些,对他有一定的吸引力。他自从!967年中学毕业,1968年进上海印染机械修配 厂,十年中当过锅炉エ、车エ、錠エ、钳エ、电エ,当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不 惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为,1974年顾立基和他们争吵过ー 次,挨了批斗,却受到工人们的同情,和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要 毕业了 ,朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查,他是材料组的负责 人,如果不来上大学,早就走上领导岗位了,现在回去,工作安排是不成问题的。但 是,陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大,他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的 是,母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房,姐妹们都在外地,母亲 希望他留在身边,爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口,使他动了感情,他滔 滔不绝地发起议论来。<br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办ー个工业区 呢?为了在那块地方搞改革,搞全面的改革,从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度,都 要改,不改就没有出路。过去三十年,极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。 1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候,海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体,都是青年,他们为什 么要跑?因为我们穷!<br />
<br />
“’四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’,越搞跑的人越多。ー些村子的青壮年几乎跑 光了,真叫人欲哭无泪!蛇口对面就是香港的元朗,相隔只有6000米,晴天能看到 它的高楼,它就是在我们’十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了, 必须把经济搞上去,这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公 里,对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛,我们改革成功了,对全国就有很大 的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛,无伤大局。当然,我们一定要尽最大的 努力,争取成功,避免失败。我们这ー代人是老了,当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时 候,时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……”<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动,身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚,望 着自己的父亲,眼睛也有点热了……<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来,当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书,1984年4月被聘为 办公室主任。<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚,因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口,听说顾立基6日 ー早要去香港,5日晚我去登门拜访。<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告,我为 了听这个报告,推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的,谁都可以听,欢迎你去。”ー见面 顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗?”<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难,他在蛇口不会待太久,一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告, 你最好陪他回宿舍ーー他儿子的住处,或者宾馆,这样边走边谈,可以谈十来分 钟……”<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗?<br />
<br />
不管怎样,先听听他的报告再说吧。<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半,袁庚的报告准时开始。<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影,大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。 今天这个会也叫新闻发布会,街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂,基本上坐满 了,放眼望过去,都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。<br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上, 顾立基主持大会。<br />
<br />
ー开始,袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕,只讲个把钟头。”<br />
<br />
人们笑了,其实怕的是他讲得太短。<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问,历时23天,访问了 4个国家、16个公司、18个城市,从新加坡 开始,往西到英国,再到美国、日本,整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处,受到隆重的、 破格的接待,我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们 四个人,而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化,在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到 做蛇口人的光荣。”<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张,出国访问要花自己的钱,花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、 软弱的地位。这次出访,他们带了 20万美金的信用卡,足够用了,所到之处都坚持 这个原则,唯独在新加坡失灵了。那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系,但新加 坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检,从飞机场ー直送到最高级的香格里拉大 酒店,袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前,这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫 人;在他之后,住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨）,每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观 什么项目,全部满足要求。临走结账时,酒店经理说:“在你们到来之前,已经有人 付了全部费用。”<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁,英国老板们在海员罢エ浪潮的 冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们,给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深 刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说:“我们原打算3年之内种植 20万株月季,把蛇口建成玫瑰之城,现在看来太落后了……”<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国,主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡,大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔,华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民,交给他一把金钥匙。女 市长在宴会上说:“我是百分之百的中国人,也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说:“我 很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判,就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过, “在经济问题上,兄弟无情,六亲不认!何况是与外国人谈判「’<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前,有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过 的曲折。<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日,袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件,大家听了很高兴,但我们不要高兴得过早。不 要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了,但官僚主义、 红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事,还是有的。例如我们正在谈判 的浮法玻璃厂,到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃,为什么不准我们用 最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ?最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局 交涉。她们去的时候,人家一口答应,讲你们回去好了,但等我们企业室派人带合 同去盖章的时候,又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干,他们讲:‘你们派了记 者、作家来,我敢不答应吗?弄得不好,你们要写报告文学,写内参,我受得了 吗,？……”<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨,交涉了九个月,オ过了国内这ー关。<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判,当然不可能用这么长的时间,但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想 而知的。<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂,简直是一座玻璃城!它生产各式各样 的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃,用25磅大锤从20米外打去,地皮都震动了,玻璃却安 然无恙。我们和美国合资,投资ー亿美元,引进一座同样的エ厂,买他的专利,以后 我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点,集中在每年所付专利费 占销售总额的百分比上。<br />
<br />
美方要6%,我们还价4% 〇<br />
<br />
美方降到5%,我们加到4.5%。<br />
<br />
寸利必争,形成僵局。<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。<br />
<br />
“先生们,我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针,2000年前发明了火药,全人类 <br />
都在享受这些伟大的成果,可是他们从来没有要过什么专利,我们作为后代从来没 有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋,而是觉得光荣。请问各位,那时候你们的祖先在哪 里?恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前,是不是毛特别多……”<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前,一个个咧嘴笑了。<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕,我的意思不是不付专利费,而是要求公平合理r’<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格,坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们,说不 定会抗议呢!“你骂我们的祖先,是可忍,孰不可忍ド’<br />
<br />
终于达成协议:4.75%,为期!0年。<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进ー个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂,专利 费是5% ,时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处,绝不能走 美国的路!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退,エ业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走,他们还 有点生气,现在停滞不前了。<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方,转移到太平洋 沿岸。<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了,现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈,今天 下午四点半ー踏上蛇口码头,就感到无比的清新,感到ー草一木都非常亲切。<br />
<br />
“10月1日,蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话,那是大家的 功劳！<br />
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“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的,思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上,我们ー定要 赶上和超过他们!”<br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时,宣布散会了,大家意犹未尽。<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了,我放弃了跟上去的打算。<br />
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ハ、“搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
8月7日,袁庚开了一整天会,据说8日也不会有空,而9日ー早又要回香港 了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上,我给他写了一封信,说明这一次 如果不能和他交谈,我将等待,直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨,我把这封信 交给了エ业区党委副书记乔胜利,请他转交。<br />
<br />
8日上午,我到办公大楼访问王潮梁,两人刚坐下来,办公室副主任黄振超匆<br />
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匆忙忙地叫我:“袁董回来了,快去见他!”<br />
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我向王潮梁道了歉,说明另改时间,急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的,中间隔着大块的透明玻璃,老远就看 见了袁庚,他手里正拿着一大摞文件。<br />
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我和他握手的时候,黄振超在旁边向他说明:“只是见见面,不会占你很多 时间。”<br />
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袁庚却非常随便地笑着说:<br />
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“你是《花城》的?来搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
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一句玩笑话把距离缩短了,而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。我 知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。梁宪说过,前几年在北京开会,有一天袁庚 看了张洁的小说《爱,是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章,问他:“你认识这个作家 吗?咱们把她请到蛇口去!”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所 了解的,“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。<br />
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我也笑着说:<br />
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“我搞的是阳谋,要写你和蛇口。”<br />
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他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下,舒服地往藤椅上一靠,摆出了准备 谈ー阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好,这里问题多得 很,改革每前进ー步都要经过斗争,到处充满着矛盾。”<br />
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我说:“正是这一点吸引了我。”<br />
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“ー个国家没有民主是不行的,而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。 我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国,政治家演说,群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿 扔他,他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的,但这ー套对巩固资产阶级的统 治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底,孙中山是 想搞民主的,他死得太早,没搞成。中华民族是伟大的,但是历史的包袱太重了。”<br />
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半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿,她在美国学企业管理,谈起来也说:在 美国深有感慨,感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重〇<br />
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“美国这个民族,就没有什么框框,我在报告会上也说了,他们的总督牌香烟广 告有一句口号是’想做就去做’,这句话香港也接受不了,译成’应做就去做’〇当 然,想干什么就干什么是不行的,但我们许多应干的事却干不成。”<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历,他扼要地做了回答,着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命” 中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时,这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来,<br />
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微笑着站在那里不动,我知道是催他去开会,我们的谈话该结束了。<br />
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黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志,我们马上又赶到 太子宾馆,和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢,对监狱内外情形 都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说:<br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨,出来就蔦儿了,可是他不,他的劲头反而更大了。”<br />
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我心里说:这オ是袁庚!<br />
<br />
过了几天,乔胜利对陈宜浩说:“袁董看了我的信,答应下次回来再和我谈。” 可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。<br />
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8月25日上午,我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息,急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联 系。但是太迟了,他过了中午又要回香港,而上午的时间已经排满,就在和我通话 的时候,他不得不放下电话去开门。他说:<br />
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“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧,不要紧的,我们没有秘密。”<br />
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我没有准备电话采访,ー时想不齐全,只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字, 他ーー做了回答:“这些也要发表吗?”我说:“不一定发表。”他说:“发表也没关系, 那天我讲话外国人也听了。”<br />
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我说:“将来排出校样,送给你看看好吗?免得事实有出入。”<br />
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“不必了。不要什么都审查,出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的,难免出点差 错。捅点娄子也不要紧。”<br />
<br />
“好了,谢谢您。”<br />
<br />
“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。<br />
<br />
一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观,来到铝材厂门口时,他向学 员们介绍:这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人,23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起 来,大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停エ,ー个工人从高处摔下来受了伤,他的哥哥跑 过去看了看,见弟弟没有生命危险,便又回去干活了。<br />
<br />
袁庚说:“日本不富没有天理!中国改革不富也没有天理!”<br />
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现在我想说:蛇口的改革不成功没有天理!<br />
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九、大鹏魂<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚,魁梧、潇洒,兼有外交家和实业家的风度,具有一种吸引人的魅 カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢?<br />
拨开历史的迷雾,我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园,算 是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。<br />
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1935年,他毕业于广州广雅中学,随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测 量员,他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校,陈济棠下台后,这家军校成了国民党中央军 校的分校。在学校里,袁庚是活跃的足球门将,练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕 业,他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官,ー个个腐化不堪,对民族危亡无动于衷,便愤 然回到故乡大鹏镇,担任第一小学校长,同时兼任地方自卫队教官。<br />
<br />
学校是国民党办的,自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的,但是学校和自卫队中都有 中共地下党员。<br />
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戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚,在当地是ー个重要人物,三种政治力量对他都很 重视。<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文,和他住到ー起,亲自考察他。<br />
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革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
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1939年3月27日,袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党,从这ー 天起,他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。<br />
<br />
当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党 的漫画,刺痛了国民党区党部,他的处境变得危险了,党组织于!939年冬天把他转 移到党领导的抗日游击队,从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子, 像大鹏ー样展翅高飞了。<br />
<br />
抗日战争期间,美军作为盟军,在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组,担任东纵联 络处处长的袁庚,和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示,东纵和美 军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报,对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。<br />
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日寇投降时,英军远在缅甸,ー个海军少将只率领ー营人乘航空母舰赶到香 港。他的兵力不足以维持治安,要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央,中 央复电:为了对付国民党的内战阴谋,坚决撤离港九地区;同时要求在香港设立联 络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判,袁庚不辱使命,漂亮地完成了任务,并成为驻 香港办事处的第一任主任,这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能 想到,历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折,二十多年后,这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。<br />
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十、秦城监狱<br />
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1968年4月6日,袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家,到机关去上班。北京的4月 初,春寒料峭,风沙迷眼,加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报,形成一片肃杀气氛,使袁 庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作,刚告一段落,还来不及喘口气, 就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息,他于愤 懑中保持着镇定。<br />
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回到办公室不久,有人通知:“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门,看到 除部长之外,还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长,面孔板得像 ー座木雕。<br />
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“袁庚,你被捕了!”<br />
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下午,机关召开大会,部长在会上宣布:“袁庚是美国特务,已经依法逮捕。”袁 庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和 刘丹ー,互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周 总理安全的情景,记忆犹新,那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间,周旋于华侨社会 之中,眼睛熬红了,人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场,天理何在?!<br />
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与此同时,汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中,勒令交出所有的钥匙,开始抄家。 翻箱倒柜,从下午抄到天黑,然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时,オ发现三个 孩子被关在门外不准进家,左邻右舍也不敢收留,孩子们在抹眼泪……<br />
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从此以后,袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里,也不知是死是 活,到哪里打听都说不知道。!969年,汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校,孩 子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”,但作为“反革命家属”， 她只能干最脏最累的活,如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎,痛得胳膊抬 不起来,医生建议回北京治疗,干校就是不准。直到!972年初夏,她的大孩子中印 就要下乡插队了,她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服,打点行装,オ被批准。<br />
<br />
1972年7月,袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后,有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去 探监。“他还活着,他还活着!”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。<br />
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汪宗谦心酸地发现,袁庚行走困难,说话声音也变了,而且他不知道当时是何 年何月！<br />
<br />
原来监狱里日夜亮着灯,犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替,失去了时间的概念;<br />
睡觉时只准脸朝外,一条腿总是压在下边,时间长了造成萎缩;长期不讲话,声带都 沙哑了。<br />
<br />
我曾经听说,袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西,只有放风时在天井里看到 墙根的小草。问他是不是这样,他说:<br />
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“不,还有蚂蚁,我对蚂蚁很有研究。”<br />
<br />
这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量!<br />
<br />
汪宗谦见过了袁庚,就为救他而奔走了。<br />
<br />
“没见他不知道他死活,既然知道他还活着,我就怕他死了!问题还没搞清,死 了孩子们都得背黑锅呀!他住在楼上,要到楼下的天井放风,上下都很辛苦,我到 中央接待站去上访,请求把他搬到楼下来,这个要求被接受了。”<br />
<br />
袁庚搬到楼下的ー间房,发现席子底下有一团花白的头发,他判断这里关过ー 个五十多岁的女同志。后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事,王光美 说:“没错,正是我住过的那间房。”<br />
<br />
袁庚出狱,已是1973年9月30日,整整关了 5年半。<br />
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在狱中,睡觉时只要一转身,看守就在外边敲门。夜晚,敲门声常常把人惊醒。 袁庚回到家里,刚一入睡就惊醒了,这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年,这种心悸 病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能,却用了更长的时间。每天,汪宗谦搀 着袁庚,ー步,ー步,慢慢地走,越走越远,越走越快,走了一年之久,两条腿オ恢复 了平衡。<br />
<br />
更可悲的是,有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子,出来不会走直路了,一走就 转圈,连马路也不能过。人啊,人！人的尊严到哪里去了！<br />
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经过一年多的休养治疗,1975年,袁庚被分配到交通部,当了外事局副局长。<br />
<br />
ー恢复工作,袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体ー样活跃起来。<br />
<br />
恢复工作之前,袁庚骑自行车上街,总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道,“不能开 慢点吗” !恢复工作之后,自己也坐上了小汽车,有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了, “不能靠边骑吗” !他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化,在心里警告自己道: “可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀!”<br />
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多年来,这成了他的一个信条。<br />
<br />
十ー、香港第一课<br />
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1978年,做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚,以花甲之年改行搞经济,被派<br />
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到香港招商局担任副董事长。<br />
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招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日,招商局 香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱,从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。 历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长,所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。 从李鸿章算起,袁庚是第29任了。<br />
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香港招商局在极'左‘思想影响之下,经营单一,困守一隅,搞了几十年没有什 么发展。袁庚到任,根据中央定下的“以航运为中心,立足港澳,背靠内地,面向海 外,多种经营,工商结合,买卖结合”的方针,以铁腕大力整顿。<br />
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袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说:<br />
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“我到香港的第一课,就是买了一座大楼,非常便宜,只花了 6180万（港币）。 第一次交订金时,支票2000万。那天是星期五,当时讲好下午2点钟,在ー个律师 楼里,大家一手交钱,一手交货。我们开了 2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的 对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里,发动机都没有停。ー上去之后,大 家一手交货,一手交钱,签字。签完字,对方拿着支票,两个人夹住,下去了。剩下 ー个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度,马上存到银行里去了。 因为明天是礼拜六了,人家银行关门,礼拜天也关门,假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前 不到银行去交那个支票的话,他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支 票交给他。我们的财务去了,他回来向我们报告,他说当时那个场面是很动人的。 当然,我们闭着眼睛也能想到,资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重 视,当时浮动利息是!4厘,三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志,那就 无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去,回家。他没有这个观念!这就是香港第一课。 我也不怕自惭形秽,ー窍不通,我接触经济工作,仅仅是5年多前开始的。但ー开 始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多!招商局的子公司多的是,ー检查,发现支 票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了 ,换了一个华东 财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后,我就给他讲这个道理,ー个礼拜之内他就能够接 受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事,立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后,财源 滚滚而来。……这个’时间就是金钱’,不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我,其实 这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’,它说得比我还 厉害,时间重于金钱!”<br />
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招商局走上轨道,袁庚就考虑进ー步的发展了。1979年初,他和有关同志带 着在蛇口开发エ业区的蓝图,到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志 很感兴趣,当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给エ业区,袁庚还没有这个胆量,只要了<br />
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2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候,袁庚心里默默 地说:<br />
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“先念同志,签吧,您这ー笔下去,将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀!”<br />
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十二、淸新<br />
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1984年8月,蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅,迎面是ー架屏 风,正中间挂着一幅草书,苍劲流畅的书法,引人注目,细看那内容,更是气度非凡。 这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本,把它抄了下来。<br />
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登微波楼<br />
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微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
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时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
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宝安袁庚<br />
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我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
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我有同感。<br />
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蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
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六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
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晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
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啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
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十三、心血<br />
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清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
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ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
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1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
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这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
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施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
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午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
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下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
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厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
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的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
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我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
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我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
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龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
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“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
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“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
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“你有什么打算?”<br />
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“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
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“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
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“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
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在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
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十五、激动的工程师<br />
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7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
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蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
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边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
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“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
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的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
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“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
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46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
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他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
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王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
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袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
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管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
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当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
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“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
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“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
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“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
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“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
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“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
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“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
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“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
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“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
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“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
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了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
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父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
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“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
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当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
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“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
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“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
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“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
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“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
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第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
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12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
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1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
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王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
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“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
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“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
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“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
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“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
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“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
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“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
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“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
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王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
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十六、年轻的总经理<br />
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一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
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“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
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说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
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“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
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只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
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她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
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“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
<br />
“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
<br />
“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
<br />
“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=155774Report CN EN 032023-06-11T15:29:27Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：5.痴情 */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
<br />
=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情==<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with Long Hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies were always covered; whereas in the West, people loved nudity, which seemed to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个ー丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there was a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush and painting a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting was not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, had you ever thought that some of us would cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us would stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, would come like snowflakes. You might even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Were you fearless, or seized by a whim? You were out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he was painting.<br />
<br />
他站在一间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着一支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着ー张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stood in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looked disheveled, and his bosom was stained with different colors. His hair was long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there was a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exactly did you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound Train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it was today. The platforms were clean, the corridors were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the regions south of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North…<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像一块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, and cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man--that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes…"<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me…"<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows — the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"On a business trip? Or visit family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student at Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone…"<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What…"<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break…"<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man!"<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. The resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
"So I don't understand art…"<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多少欢聚与悲离的 故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉一线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小伙子,而是一个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
During the long journey, as the young people of the same generation, it was the fate to meet each other in this running train! In life, many stories of reunion and departure were drawn by the heavy line across the land! The girl was close to the small table by the window, resting her chin in the hand, listening to the young man talk, and watching his expression. It seemed that he was not a young guy, but a strong and confident man. Calculating his age, he was even a few years older than the girl. Why did he give that illusion before? Alas, the age of men was really hard to guess...<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为一个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是一个有抱负、有才华的人!”<br />
<br />
Out of the female’s sensitivity, the girl suddenly felt shy and embarrassed. The condescending arrogance that she had just showed was now reversed and replaced by her hazy admiration. The girl looked at the painter's dress again, and the non-matching colors of black and red were not so conspicuous. Although the painter's cotton jacket was still so black, the collar of the underwear was still so crooked, and the hair was still so disheveled, in the eyes of the girl, they all became the evidence that the young man was a bachelor who was immersed in art and had no time to take care of himself, which touched the girl's heart of compassion: "It seems that he is an ambitious and talented man!"<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
The painter took out his drawing board, spread the paper and said to the girl, "Please allow me to make a sketch of you."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
The girl nodded her head.<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简直像一个拙笨的新手。好半天,才抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
The painter drew very slowly, feeling ill at ease. The more he tried to draw well, the more nervous he became, and the brush was out of control. He was like a clumsy novice. After a long time, he apologized and said, "Sorry, I didn’t draw well…"<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来一看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会”了画家的灵犀。<br />
<br />
When the girl took it and looked, two red clouds rose on her cheeks. This sketch was not as good as the one of the mechanic, and those rigid lines were flaws of the work. To say it bluntly, she looked uglier in the painting than she really was. Is that what I look like? The girl had a reason to make a protest. However, she understood and forgave the painter with a sweet smile. Honestly, she didn't even want to see him too calm, too relaxed, like facing the model in the studio. The girl no longer regarded "resemblance in appearance" as so important, and she “understood tacitly” the painter's spirit.<br />
<br />
画纸的一角是签名和年月——袁运生,画于1964年2月。<br />
<br />
In one corner of the paper were the signature and date--Yuan Yunsheng, painted in February 1964.<br />
<br />
画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "Give it to you."<br />
<br />
姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
<br />
The girl said, "Thank you, I’ll keep it as a memory."<br />
<br />
“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信地址?”<br />
<br />
"You see, I was so careless that I forgot to ask your name." The painter said, "Could you write down your mailing address?"<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
<br />
The girl smiled: "My name is Zhang Lanying." And she wrote down the address on the painter's sketchbook.<br />
<br />
火车抵达浦口,他们已经像一对熟识的老朋友了。从一个艺术型的医学院学生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
<br />
When the train arrived in Pukou, they already looked like two old friends. Many common temperaments could be found between an artistic medical student and a serious artist. The passengers on the same train thought they had known each other for a long time and treated them as a couple, saying goodbye to them with the appellation of “you two”.<br />
<br />
画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空一样清澈,像江水一样深沉……<br />
<br />
The painter sent the girl to the shore of the Yangtze River, a wet wind blowing from the river. It was time to part, and both of them were reluctant to leave. Lanying looked at Yuan Yunsheng with the warm and fond gaze, and that means everything! As clear as the sky, as deep as the river…<br />
<br />
呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江交织起来的一见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
Heh! Pretty girl, you were too sentimental. Did you know him? The story of love at first sight, woven by the main Beijing-Pukou line and the winding Yangtze River, was too indiscreet.<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
<br />
The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River <br />
<br />
在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,一只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认真地涂抹着油彩,画出一个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
<br />
In the days of glorious morning light of the 1950s, a young boy's delicate hand, holding a paintbrush, was earnestly spreading the paint on the linen to draw a little girl with the same earnest expression, who was imitating her sister's movement, tying a bright red scarf around her neck.<br />
<br />
这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐一样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
<br />
This oil painting was sent from Nantong in Jiangsu Province to Beijing as an assignment for applying for the highest academy of arts, presenting the young painter’s sparkling artistic talent and a crystal-clear heart. The title was "Growing up to be like my sister", painted by Yuan Yunsheng.<br />
<br />
看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年除夕送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出一批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的艺术功底。<br />
<br />
When looking at this oil painting, people might think that the painter had a soft and gentle femininity. In fact, he was just the opposite. He was stubborn and unrestrained, like a boisterous colt. His love of painting since childhood was mainly influenced by his father. His father worked in a middle school in Nantong. In his spare time, he enthusiastically collected various fine art works. Every year on the New Year’s Eve, they would bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new, and his father would always hang a number of new paintings on the wall, including Chinese and foreign ones, like a small exhibition, full of the atmosphere of the art salon. The paintings collected at home gave Yuan Yunsheng some enlightenment in art. When he got a little bit older, he went to the Cultural Center in Nantong to participate in activities, attend lectures, learn to sketch, and paint, laying the first foundation of art.<br />
<br />
当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来一副犟脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
<br />
When he applied to the Central Academy of Fine Arts, his father said with worry: "The boy was born with stubbornness, which makes us uneasy."<br />
<br />
哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,一个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人 需要有个性。”<br />
<br />
His brother Yuan Yunfu, who was also involved in fine art, kept cheering him on: "Go ahead. people involved in fine art needs to have a personality."<br />
<br />
1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
<br />
In the summer of 1955, the Central Academy of Fine Arts announced the admission of new students, Yuan Yunsheng ranking the first.<br />
<br />
如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画派。这是19世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画就像一部小说或一出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝圣者像请佛一样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
<br />
If Yuan Yunsheng's work for the entrance examination could be classified as a certain school of art, it would be the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions. It was a progressive school of painting that emerged in Russia in the 19th century. It simulated life, emphasized themes, and focused on plot. A painting was like a novel or a play. It inherited Rembrandt’s tradition of realism and absorbed the Impressionism’s achievements in the use of light and color. After the October Revolution, it enjoyed the supreme position in the Soviet art circle and was invited to China by Chinese pilgrims, like inviting the Buddha. Of course, Yuan Yunsheng, only 17 years old, did not know the essence of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, let alone that the school of art was linked to the school of politics.<br />
<br />
他像奔跑在艺术山野 里的小鹿,一头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
<br />
Like a fawn running in the wilderness of art, he bumped into the arms of Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions.<br />
<br />
袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身 好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件 和艺术才能的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖力气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严格的训练——<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng was highly regarded by the academy. He was born in a good family (it was rare to have such a family background at that time) and excelled in the examination. He sat in the first-year classroom with a nimbus of political condition and artistic talent hanging over his head. He was elected as the commissary of Communist Youth League in charge of organization, who was totally the epitome of a socialist-minded and professionally competent man. He was also a real hard worker, and was very stubborn, taking everything seriously. Under the guidance of Soviet-style teaching methods, he received strict training--<br />
<br />
挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与被画者保持绝对的耐性 。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面 ”,画上一整天,只画了半个头像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履的中年人走过来,这是礼聘 来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供同学们观摩。<br />
<br />
Choosing a HB pencil, and sharpening it, and sketching in front of male and female models. The models were recruited at a very high price, both nude and non-nude. Under certain lights, the painter and the object stayed absolutely patient. He sketched out the outline at first, figured out the “light and plane”, and then drew all day long, only to have half picture of the head; the next day, the same scene was repeated under the same conditions; then, a middle-aged man with a high nose and deep eyes, dressed in a suit, came over, who was an expert invited cordially. Whenever he passed behind Yuan Yunsheng, his face often showed a look of satisfaction. Yuan Yunsheng got five points for all his sketches and oil paintings, which were sometimes hung in the classroom or in the corridor for students to watch.<br />
<br />
这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉柯夫教学体系。-袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀——苏联在中国土地上开办的艺术工厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
<br />
That year, a sketch and oil painting teaching conference of national fine art academies was held in Beijing to promote the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union. A half-length portrait of a Chinese woman painted by Yuan Yunsheng was shown off on the conference--a standard mode produced by the art factory of the Soviet Union in China.<br />
<br />
苏联专家的宠儿 ,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
<br />
He was the favorite of the Soviet experts, and the pride of the Oil Painting Department. He had a lot of success and a bright future. He immersed himself in the painting all day long, with his hand keeping waving, like a devout disciple prostrating himself before his art idol, and praying that his soul would ascend to the temple of art, seating on a throne surrounded by roses with a crown of pearls… It was the highest ideal for college students majoring in oil painting at that time.<br />
<br />
但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
<br />
But the naive faith was not solid, like an edifice built on a thin and narrow foundation, which could easily collapse. Once it was subverted, it could cause endless troubles.<br />
<br />
苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便朝那里走去。他停在一帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来一阵电灼般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
<br />
Distress had come to him, and he brought it upon himself. One morning, he heard that there was an exhibition of paintings being held in the hall, and went there. He stopped in front of a sequence of copies of the oil paintings, casting a calm glance upon it, and his whole body felt an electric sensation. His heart was shaking, and his blood was boiling.<br />
<br />
这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风 的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的感情,像酒一样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
<br />
These were the works of the European Post-Impressionist painter Van Gogh, with ordinary and simple images: fields, haystacks, a clock reflected by the setting sun, and sunflowers in clay pots. In addition, there were some portraits of ordinary people: postmen, miners, movers, and inmates who were released for yard time. In these unpretentious pictures, the author poured out the strongest feelings, as strong as wine, like a flame burning!<br />
<br />
看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格 。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生——向日葵,仿佛摇身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探求……这哪里是绘画呀 ,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每一线条和每一色块都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
<br />
Look, the jagged trees were rebellious. The undulating earth seemed to tell of suffering. <br />
The painter poured deep feelings into those ordinary people. The still-life painting --sunflowers, seemed to turn into a living thing, stretching out its jumble of tentacles to the frozen space, capturing, swaying, and indefatigably seeking… It was not a painting, but a call of the painter's life, a representation of his character! Every line and every color block were flowing, coming through invisible channels to clamp people, annihilate them to a great vortex of emotion…<br />
<br />
袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被一支锐利的艺术之箭射穿了。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng walked out of the hall, with his legs wobbling, as if he was drunk, was hurt. His heart was pierced by a sharp arrow of art.<br />
<br />
他回到宿舍,一头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高才生转瞬间变成西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
<br />
He went back to the dormitory and threw himself onto the bed. It was ironic that a top student of the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union became a captive of the Western European Post-Impressionism in an instant.<br />
<br />
宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地问 :“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
<br />
When the door of the dormitory opened, his roommate came in. Seeing him pale and tired, he asked in surprise, "Yunsheng, what happened to you?"<br />
<br />
“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
<br />
"I went to see an exhibition of Van Gogh's paintings." Yuan Yunsheng sat up in bed and said, "I've never been so excited by the works of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions..."<br />
<br />
他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的基础。有这个就够了。下一步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚 。<br />
<br />
He expressed his thoughts. In his opinion, the merit of Soviet painting theory lied in the emphasis on placing the object under certain light, observing the levels and hues with a subtle look, and tracing it carefully, which was the basis of all paintings. It was enough. The next step was to break free and move forward, not to limit themselves.<br />
<br />
他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧上了天 ,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在干着什么蠢事呀? ……<br />
<br />
He was right. Throughout the history of art, each school had its own process of formation, development, vicissitudes, and ups and downs. The Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions deserved its place in the art circle without dispute. But once it was praised to the skies, and promoted by administrative means, it would be counterproductive and bring suffocating disaster to the art. In fact, in the 1950s, painters all over the world, including Soviet painters, were running, exploring and innovating. And how stupid we were! ...<br />
<br />
袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头 ,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng said excitedly: "We follow behind them and pick up what they have thrown away!"<br />
<br />
好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,一个几亿人的社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎 。<br />
<br />
His good friends were familiar with his character and sympathized with his comments, but they worried about him. At that time, a society of hundreds of millions of people prostrated itself before Soviet idols, and his words were tantamount to a form of blasphemy.<br />
<br />
从那以后,他变得不大安分了, 一头温驯的伏尔加式的 小鹿,现出烈性马驹的本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标。<br />
<br />
From then on, he became rebel. A tame fawn, like the one on the Volga car, showed the true colors of a boisterous colt. In addition to completing the homework as usual, he improvised with mixed painting techniques, as if he was pursuing an ethereal goal.<br />
<br />
目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
<br />
The goal, was finally found, unexpectedly close at hand.<br />
<br />
从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭一张学生证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹…… <br />
<br />
From the Shuaifuyuan where the Central Academy of Fine Arts was located, crossing the big roundabout between Wangfujing and Bamiancao, the Donghua Gate of the National Palace Museum was about a mile away. At that time, students from the Academy of Fine Arts enjoyed a special privilege. They could freely enter the imperial garden of ancient Chinese art with only a student ID card. Here he saw Chen Laolian’s “Bogu Yezi (A kind of card played while drinking in ancient China)” in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan’s “Qingming Shanghe Tu (Along the River During the Qingming Festival)” in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a large number of authentic works of famous painters of the Tang Dynasty…<br />
<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
<br />
His favorite work was the "Luo Shen Fu (The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River)" by Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.<br />
<br />
长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象力!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人,栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱翔……<br />
<br />
Long scroll, romantic conception, how imaginative! The landscape was peaceful and spacious, with quiet and wonderful rivers and mountains; the figures were lifelike, dancing in the air. Was the resemblance in appearance? Was the resemblance in spirit? Between likeness and unlikeness, that was the author's mind soaring…<br />
<br />
他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条表现出高超的魅力。<br />
<br />
He put his eyes close to the scroll. The brush strokes, appearing ageless for thousands of years, like the spring silkworms spinning fine and exquisite silk, drew freely. He thought of the Soviet oil painting theory that denied the existence of lines. But in Chinese painting, the general and terse lines showed the high charm.<br />
<br />
站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他的思绪如抛出的一缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
<br />
Standing in this ancient resplendent hall, a long flowing river of art swept passed by before his eyes, and his thoughts stretched out like a wisp of gossamer. If we compared the fashionable Western art and the ancient Oriental art to two poles, there seemed to be something between the two poles that was closely related. Oh, he understood. When we got into a mut, ignored what was near and seek what was far away, those elves and devils of abstractionism, fauvism, modernism and futurism quietly got essence and extracted nutrients from the Oriental art to strengthen their bodies. That was the secret.<br />
<br />
祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
<br />
Motherland, your art is not water, not wine, not milk, but the magical royal jelly!<br />
<br />
虎丘<br />
<br />
Huqiu<br />
<br />
兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
<br />
After parting with the painter in Pukou, Lanying returned to school in Suzhou. In the blink of an eye, it was March. With spring breeze and newly sprouted willow trees, the town of flowing water under bridges liked a young girl, who was unveiled, affectionate with a lot of charm. <br />
<br />
姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
<br />
The girl's state of mind was also bright like waking spring.<br />
<br />
她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认识一下,如果手头有照片,请寄来一张。<br />
<br />
She received the painter’s letter from Nantong. The style of writing was free and easy. In the girl’s words: "The level is quite high!" The letter recalled the unforgettable scene on the train and expressed his feelings of missing her. He also said that his parents and brothers would like to get to know the girl, and if she had photos, please sent one.<br />
<br />
兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选一张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息一样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
<br />
Lanying opened the photo album without hesitation, selected a small photo, attached a short reply, and sent it to Nantong. This small act contained an unusual meaning, just like the shortest electromagnetic microwave can transmit significant information, it clearly expressed: the girl agreed to be his girlfriend.<br />
<br />
兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
<br />
Lanying's upbringing conditioned her to making her own decisions. She was born in Shandong province and grew up in the regions south of the Yangtze River. After her parents died, she moved with the troops from childhood. Wherever she went, it was her home, and she developed the ability to live independently. Over the years, she always received the warmth from the group and her female companions, but was never constrained. Perhaps she was a bit spoiled and coaxed by others, which made her form a stubborn personality.<br />
<br />
此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,一见钟情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
<br />
At the moment, she had a novel feeling that she was happier than the people around her. Because she had a right man in her heart, who affected her emotions. She silently enjoyed the secret pleasure of the young girl in love for the first time. She even imagined that once the secret was revealed, how surprised and envious her female companions would be! In their minds, her vison was very high. She was great looking and came from a privileged background. No male classmates dared to develop a relationship with her. It was not easy to take her fancy. It was done so artfully, neither by her parents’ choice, nor by the match-maker’s recommendation. She met him on a trip, and fell in love at first sight, bringing everything lime a whirlwind, so that the girl was full of desire for a better life. It was really romantic! So, she wove the future scenarios with sweet silk, anxiously waiting for the response from Nantong. Did he receive her letter? Would the painter's parents comment her when looking at her photo? Was she too pretty, or not enough? Alas! It was really hard to guess… The girl's heart was like the weather in the south of the Yangtze River in March. The temperature and weather changed abruptly.<br />
<br />
学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
<br />
The school was preparing for the Women's Day celebration. Lanying was the commissary in charge of entertainment of the class, a major role that bore a heavy burden of responsibility. The time passed quickly as she arranged the programs, made a blackboard newspaper, and decorated the venue.<br />
<br />
“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄起话筒,一惊一喜——那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
<br />
On Woman’s Day, the curtain was opened, and everyone was watching the stage. Suddenly someone called Lanying to answer the phone. She took up the microphone, and was surprised and delighted--it was the painter calling from the school's reception office.<br />
<br />
兰英极力掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,一阵风似的跑到学校的门口。<br />
<br />
Lanying tried to hide his excitement, turned to the students, vaguely explained a few words, and ran to the school gate like a gust of wind.<br />
<br />
画家站在那里,手中照例拿着一个速写本。<br />
<br />
The painter stood there, holding a sketchbook in his hand as usual.<br />
<br />
“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
<br />
"When did you arrive?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I just got off the train. I was passing through here after the home leave." The painter said.<br />
<br />
“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
<br />
"Please come in, do you … want to draw some sketches for our celebration?"<br />
<br />
“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……” <br />
<br />
"Not going in. I'd like to invite you out for a walk…"<br />
<br />
兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意味着向人生的一个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
<br />
Lanying hesitated for a moment. She was willing to accept the request, but also felt embarrassed. Since she entered the period of youth and became mature, Lanying spent this day with her female companions every year. Today she was going to leave her group, which meant saying goodbye to a stage of life. She thought about the discipline of the school, the opinion of classmates...<br />
<br />
“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
<br />
"Where are we going?" Lanying asked shyly.<br />
<br />
“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
<br />
"Huqiu." The painter's expression did not change.<br />
<br />
当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
<br />
When they got off the bus and stood at the foot of Huqiu Hill, the girl's uneasy heart was quieted down and relaxed. <br />
<br />
和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深”。沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
<br />
Compared with the small gardens in Suzhou City, Huqiu was a broad and quiet place to visit. The first two lines of Bai Juyi's poem on Huqiu were " The temple doesn't look far away, but it's very deep in the garden.” Walking along the stone path to the garden, there were many pines and cypresses, clear and blue sword pool, thick and tall groves of bamboo hiding the buildings and pavilions on the hillside: Temple of Chloris, Three Smiles pavilion... Walking deeper and there was more quiet, like walking into a sweet dream.<br />
<br />
这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在一起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
<br />
It was the first time Lanying had been alone with a man. There were mysterious waves in the girl’s heart. She felt that she had a lot to say to the painter, but she didn't know where to start.<br />
<br />
“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
<br />
"Have you received the photo?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I received. My family saw it and they all like you." The painter said.<br />
<br />
可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术。他对这一带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而倾倒。<br />
<br />
But the painter soon changed the subject. He commented on the local customs and culture of Suzhou and introduced the plastic art of the regions south of the Yangtze River. He seemed to be familiar with the area and knew a lot of anecdotes. The girl listened to him with great interest and was overwhelmed with admiration by the painter's profound knowledge.<br />
<br />
前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去 ,仿佛在祝福这一对美好的情侣。突然,一股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
<br />
Huqiu Pagoda was just ahead. The towering spire thrust into the blue sky and white clouds, magnificent and magical. Lanying and the painter ran towards the top of the hill with excitement. The painter stretched out his strong arm to support the girl. They were so close to each other, feeling the heat of each other's breath and heart beating. Pines, cypresses, and bamboo forests swayed backwards, as if they were blessing the wonderful couple. Suddenly, with a blazing feeling, they both stopped at the same time.<br />
<br />
这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰一样醉红,双唇像微微绽开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己一样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后一瞬……<br />
<br />
Here was surrounded by hills and trees, empty and silent. The painter stared at the girl with a frank and honest look; Lanying closed her eyes happily, ready to receive a baptism of love that would never be forgotten. The golden sunlight, through the branches of the trees, cast waving shadows on the girl’s face. Her cheeks were as red as roses, and her lips were like slightly blooming petals, more beautiful than usual. What a pure girl. Opening the window of her heart, there wasn’t any trace of dust and impurities. Although it was her second meeting with the painter, she trusted him and life as she trusted herself. Hold her tight, kiss her with fervor. She would be yours forever, from now until the last moment of your life…<br />
<br />
“兰英,我要告诉你一件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是‘右派’！”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I’ll tell you something." What she heard at this moment was the painter’s calm voice, “The first time was too late and the second time is not too late. I was classed as a 'rightist' when I was in college. Really, it was the 'rightist'!”<br />
<br />
霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
<br />
All of a sudden, the hills and trees, the ancient pagoda, were frozen in a deathly silence…<br />
<br />
孤岛上<br />
On a Lonely Island<br />
<br />
到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。1957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
<br />
Have you ever been to an island of the sea? The water and sky seemed to be mixed up together. The clouds came and went, and tide rose and fell. The island was a poem, a fresh and meaningful poem. At the turn of spring and summer in 1957, Yuan Yunsheng was in a poetic environment.<br />
<br />
他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
<br />
He went deep into the life on the island and practice drawing from nature. The Central Academy of Fine Arts required that second-year students had a two-month internship course; before the summer vacation, students went to different parts of the country. He and another student were the only ones who participated in the trip to the island. It was located on the shore of the Yellow Sea. There were only troops on the island, and no residents for miles around. The island provided him with a fortunate environment, getting away from the noise and disputes of the human world, and escaping the violent turmoil that happened in the mainland.<br />
<br />
小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体 ,心情是焦渴的。当蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
<br />
People on the island were closest to nature. Every morning, carrying the paint box on his back, he wandered on the beach covered with light yellow gravel and welcomed the first ray of happy sunshine. At the age of only eighteen, Yuan Yunsheng had already stood out from the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions and became a hazy composite of Chinese Classicism Painting and Western Modernism Painting, who was anxious. The blue sea sprinkled ten thousand golden stars and the sunglow filled his heart with brilliant colors. It was the moment when the young artist's life was burning. He hurriedly opened the paint box, spread the canvas and accepted the generous offer of nature.<br />
<br />
小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左右,才有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
<br />
The island was simple. Politics was proportional to the population, and there were fewer political topics here. Only a barge arrived to deliver newspapers and mail every ten days or so. While he and his companion were eating, they hastily opened the newspapers and skim through them. He was curious about the articles that appeared in the newspaper:<br />
<br />
“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好啦……”<br />
<br />
"Beijing is allowing the people to express their views now. This article is interesting. This opinion should be adopted. Changing it like this will be good…"<br />
<br />
他看完报纸一扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块和线条的运用。<br />
<br />
He threw the newspaper away after reading it and then forgot about it. He did not care about anything else except painting. His road of life was bright, full of sunshine, with no clouds hanging over him and nothing to worry about. All he cared about was the use of light, color blocks and lines.<br />
<br />
年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队的宣传干事带到一间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
<br />
The only political question the young artist faced was raised by the local soldiers. One day, he was taken to a humble shed by a publicity officer of the troops, and a pair of trusting eyes were cast upon him.<br />
<br />
“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, you have asked to go to another island to paint, right?"<br />
<br />
“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
<br />
"Yes, we want to go there."<br />
<br />
“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
<br />
"The troops have studied it. You can go, but your classmate stays."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查 。你们学校填写了两份材料,你的情况单纯 。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
<br />
"A permanent military project is being built on the island. Those who go there have to pass a political vetting. Your college filled out two documents, and your background is simple. Your classmate can't go, mainly because of family problems…"<br />
<br />
袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是一种荣幸,既然生活当中存在这样一些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng frowned. It was an honor to be invited alone. Since there were such rules in life, he went to there alone and no one could blame it. But it brought him more trouble than excitement. He knew his classmates. They were all members of the Communist Youth League and were the backbone of the students. Why should they be distinguished? With his artistic way of thinking, he decided that it was a proposition of conscience and friendship.<br />
<br />
“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
<br />
"Hey, I got it." He went back to the dorm and said to his companion, "The island is building fortifications, drilling and blasting, filled with smoke. There is nothing to paint. We've been out for a long time, let's just go back to the college!"<br />
<br />
不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大 登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活见鬼 !中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
<br />
Soon, he and his classmate crossed the sea and landed at Lvda City. The cool sea breeze blew against the beautiful city, arousing interest in sightseeing. They wandered the streets. The scenery was charming, the buildings were quirky and everywhere was full of Russian atmosphere. When Yuan looked up at the signposts, which wrote the street names like “Makarov”, he complained: "Damn it! Why does the street of a Chinese city have to be named after a Russian general? What a bummer…" A few days later, they stood in the blue harbor, casting a last glance at the ocean waves, and turned around to set foot on the way back.<br />
<br />
不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
<br />
He didn’t expect that it was a farewell to the blue life.<br />
<br />
北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷 ,使海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头 ,有碍“百花齐放”。袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
<br />
Beijing had changed. Returning from the island, he was amazed by the swift counterattack, the overwhelming criticism, and the petals scattered on the ground in the campus. What puzzled him most was the situation of Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the academy. He heard that the secretary of the Party Committee made a mistake because he advocated the revolutionary school of painting too far, which hindered "all flowers blooming together". Yuan Yunsheng really didn’t understand what the “revolutionary school of painting” had to do with the “rightist”.<br />
<br />
袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? 一连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng hid in the dormitory, immersing himself in gathering up his sketches. Perhaps, he was safe. He advocated inheriting ancient Chinese art and drawing on western modern art, which should be conducive to the "blooming of a hundred flowers". How could he not be safe. For several days, he chased the white clouds, waves and seagulls, lost in the memories of his trip to the sea…<br />
<br />
有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像一个漏了税的走私犯接受审讯。<br />
<br />
One day, he was suddenly called to the classroom and stood in front of the people, like a smuggler being tried for tax evasion.<br />
<br />
摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名——“反苏” 。 <br />
<br />
He was faced with a host of problems: deviant views in art, sympathetic remarks to the "rightist", "poisoning" on the island and in Lvda, and a terrible accusation throughout it--"anti-Soviet".<br />
<br />
究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐 ,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
<br />
The answer to who denounced him could be found by using elementary mathematics, but it was meaningless. Since he had thought so, and said, he said bluntly to anyone, with an honest heart.<br />
<br />
他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他一挥手:“请你到外面等一会儿。”<br />
<br />
He racked his brain to repeat what he had said, and the presenter waved to him: "Please wait outside for a moment."<br />
<br />
他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听见屋里在争论。<br />
<br />
He left the classroom and stood in the corridor, feeling relieved and comfortable. The corridor was only one door away from the classroom, and he heard an argument in the room.<br />
<br />
有人说:“够了……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "That's enough…”<br />
<br />
有人说:“还不够……”<br />
<br />
Someone said: "Not enough...”<br />
<br />
有人说:“态度还好……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "The attitude is not bad…"<br />
<br />
他的好友在替他争辩,另一些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
<br />
His best friends were arguing for him, and others were insisting on something, which sounded interesting. Then there was silence… Then, he was called back to the classroom.<br />
<br />
“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, after research, you've been classified as a 'rightist'!"<br />
<br />
政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色——红与黑。点朱泼墨,二者居其一,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不同,观点对立,照样用黑笔一勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
<br />
The oil painting box of the political movement had only two colors--red and black, which was different from the oil painting box of the artist. The only way to choose between cinnabar and ink was to rely on fortune-telling. He and Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, were of different ages, different background colors, and opposing views, but they were both outlined by black brushes with the same destination and the painting procedures were highly simplified.<br />
<br />
晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
<br />
In the evening, he rode the bike to Baijiazhuang, where his brother Yuan Yunfu lived. He rocked back in the sofa: "I am."<br />
<br />
哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
<br />
His brother smiled and asked, "What are you?"<br />
<br />
“我是’右派’了。”<br />
<br />
"I'm a 'rightist' now."<br />
<br />
“呵?”哥哥大吃一惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
<br />
"Huh?" His brother was astonished, "What mistake did you make?"<br />
<br />
“我没犯错误。”<br />
<br />
"I didn't make a mistake."<br />
<br />
“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
<br />
"Then why are you classified as a 'rightist'?"<br />
<br />
“他们说我是,就是啰 。”<br />
<br />
"They said I am. So I am."<br />
<br />
“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
<br />
"No! No!" His brother was trembling.<br />
<br />
“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
<br />
"What’s wrong with that?" He said evenly, "I still paint, still go to school, still engage in arts."<br />
<br />
他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山造湖,兴修水库,一颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地指挥部,请求一边干活一边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人来访。<br />
<br />
He really did not know pain yet. Soon after, hundreds of thousands of people in the capital swarmed to the out to the suburbs to move mountains and create lakes and build reservoirs in the gorge of the Ming Tombs, and a naive heart was touched. He thought how good it would be to see so many people working together to do one thing. He took his oil painting box and rode more than one hundred miles by bike to the construction headquarters, asking to be able to work and spent his spare time painting. They refused, explaining that according to the regulations, they would not accept personal visits.<br />
<br />
又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他一个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
<br />
Shortly afterward, he went into the construction site by bus with a large group of people from the Central Academy of Fine Arts. How excited he was! He did as much work alone as several men together, carrying six baskets for holding earth on one pole, and running fast on the rugged mountain road. At noon, when others took a nap, he held his painting clipboard and went to the mountain to paint under the scorching sun. Until he was exhausted and staggered back to the shed, he still didn’t feel bitter. Because it was her own choice. He was motivated by the boiling life and generously gave his energy, feeling that it was a great pleasure.<br />
<br />
可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成呵斥的嗓门,一张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了——仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
<br />
But the atmosphere in the shed had changed. The students gathered around him, pointing at him, and saying that he was disobedient, did not accept reform, and should not paint anymore… He was stunned. He didn’t know that it was a criticism meeting, and he didn’t understand what they said. He only felt that familiar eyes became harsh eyes, intimate expressions became indifferent expressions, and peaceful voices became scolding voices. Their mouths were moving, and their hands were shaking. Suddenly he understood--just one thing: he was different from others!<br />
<br />
他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
<br />
He opened his bloodshot eyes wide, wriggled his dry lips, and fell down with his hands on his head.<br />
<br />
过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
<br />
Because of overwork and mental stimulation, he contracted serious dysentery. The illness dragged on from summer to winter, and later he was sent to an unheated hut at college.<br />
<br />
小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活 ,学校当局不再放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他才感到了痛苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出一串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
<br />
The hut was cold and damp, where dripping water could freeze. His body was hot with a high fever. College authorities were no longer concerned about his condition. A year ago, he was the pride of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, who became an abandoned orphan now. He felt the pain, the pain of being strangled in art, exceeding the physical pain, like being pushed into a terrible hell. No! In the spiritual realm of art, there was only heaven, not hell. He was forced to learn to be inferior, but he could never learn it. In a coma, cluttered thoughts were flashing, as if he was flying after the seagulls, and dancing with the Goddess of the Luo River. He tossed and turned and struggled, with a series of moans, as if not willing to sink, but to climb out of the dark hell…<br />
<br />
屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
<br />
A faint white light came through the door and he heard the sound of footsteps. Looking there attentively, he found that his friend stood in front of the bed, casting sympathetic and concerned eyes at him.<br />
<br />
他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是一种负担。我需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
<br />
He sat up quickly: "Please don't come to see me again. I understand that it is a burden for others to be close to me. I need friendship, but not pity. What I need now is solitude, solitude, let me be alone!"<br />
<br />
新月<br />
<br />
The Crescent Moon<br />
<br />
夕阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野 闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对青年男女。<br />
<br />
The setting sun cast a golden glow on Huqiu and fell to the other side of the hill. The clear and quiet lights shimmered on the hill, which was connected to the transparent dusk, reflecting the stately profile of the millennium pagoda, like a contemplative old man overlooking a young couple on the hill.<br />
<br />
这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们一页一页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像一阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只残忍的巨手一挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择 。<br />
<br />
This moment was long enough for Lanying. There were tragedies and comedies in love stories that had been passed down through the ages, attracting people to read them page by page. However, the second page of Lanying's story was unbearable. The tender feelings of a girl who was in her first love: happiness, novelty, joy… For an instant they vanished like a gust of wind, as if with the wave of a cruel hand, everything sank, everything disappeared, and a problem was put before the girl, severe, cold, and emotionless, turning the sweet assignment into a cold choice of stakes.<br />
<br />
在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的一群 ,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以“杀气腾腾”“煽风点火 ”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁愿与鬼蜮联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
<br />
In those years, in this land, as long as people mentioned the "rightist", a bunch of greys flashed before their eyes, like shadows, like ghosts, as if they killed a man, committed arson, or poison something. It seemed that they were all charged with “murder”, “fanning the flames”, “drug trafficking” and so on. Their souls were sentenced to death, leaving only soulless shells of bodies. The shell, could breathe but could not speak, and must work but could not harvest. The only tolerance that society gave them was to give them more time than convicts sentenced to death, turning their shells into mud. Who would want to be married to a ghost? Who wanted to be with a zombie? Lanying faced such a choice.<br />
<br />
在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每一个姑娘都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵——询问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,工资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称一称。爱情的内容转变了,转变为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义 。<br />
<br />
In an environment where marriage and politics were tied together, every girl had to make considerations, either to enjoy honor, or to have misfortunes with her husband. Under the same dusk, how many girls in the world were considering it--asking the man’s family background, political affiliation, education background, job, salary, rank… asking his direct value and everything indirectly translated into value, and then weighing them on the balance of love. The content of love had been transformed into the process of exchange of commodities, which gradually became common and natural.<br />
<br />
兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算 。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
<br />
Lanying had more rights to make her own decisions. She was receiving higher education. She would be a nurse in the future, whose had blood of martyrs in her veins. The organization was considering her to join the Communist Party of China. She was as proud as a daughter of an eminent family, as beautiful as Snow White… Every intersection of life would provide the green light for her. with sons from aristocratic families for her to choose and high position and great wealth to enjoy. But life seemed to play ticks on her. It was the black devil who came to her side, not the angel of love. It was not late to break off the relationship with him at once, and there was no obligation on conscience and morality.<br />
<br />
兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越 ,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气 。因此,她还不懂得利害。<br />
<br />
Lanying lost in painful thought. She was in a privileged situation and had pure experiences, remaining unspotted from the world. Therefore, she did not understand the stakes.<br />
<br />
政治运动对姑娘来说,像一场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些“右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她还时常听到这样的告诫:有才华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不断得到强化。<br />
<br />
The political movement was like a vague dream for the girl. In 1957, she was an innocent girl studying in middle school. She took part in the denunciation, with her mouth, with her pen, with her outraged feeling. The war was over before she could see the enemies clearly. She only saw the backs of the prisoners. Later, when the girl was a little older, whenever she heard that someone was a "rightist", she could not help but look at him with curiosity. She saw that most of the "rightists" were scholars, professors, artists, writers, business backbone, celebrities and so on. She also often heard the admonition: talented people often had strong personalities; people with strong personalities often suffered setbacks. The direct and converse theorem of real life had been repeated in various tones, and the girl’s impression of it was constantly reinforced.<br />
<br />
抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的嘲讽。<br />
<br />
The abstract concept of friend or foe formed a concrete conclusion in the girl's mind, which was a sad mockery of the solemn political movement.<br />
<br />
眼前的画家又是一个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离经叛道的歧路 ,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为政治问题?为什么要让一个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的才华……什么是才华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下一颗蓝色的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
<br />
The painter before her was another example. Because the painter opposed the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, he was declared to be on an unorthodox and evil path and was sentenced to death in politics. The girl could not understand why the issue of art had to be turned into a political issue? Why should a Chinese hot-blooded young man be sacrificed to a foreign altar as a lamb to be slaughtered? Wasn't it ludicrous? Such a ludicrous thing actually happened. Perhaps, it further proved that the painter was not a meek lamb, but a fearful calf, attracting jealousy from others. It further proved the painter’s courage and insight, indomitable nature and precious talent… What was talent? For the simplehearted girl, it was the light of life, the garland of youth, the transcendence of ignorance, the sublimation of knowledge. It made money and wealth eclipsed, made gain, loss, fame and bad reputation ruin and loss become a passing cloud, like a bright horizon that divided the clear sky and turbid earth. Foolish girls liked to adorn themselves with jewels, but noble girls were full of spiritual aspirations. She was willing to pick a blue star and set it on the heart of love... Lanying broke the silence and said to the painter in a deep voice: "Don't mention those things of your past to me again. I don't think you've made a mistake…"<br />
<br />
画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子 ,也是有限的宽恕,一切还同过去一样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "But everyone else thinks so. Even if they took the hat off, the forgiveness would be limited, and everything would be the same as before. You can't associate with people like me. You must consider the consequences."<br />
<br />
“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
<br />
"I don't care about the consequences. No matter what other people think, I trust my instincts."<br />
<br />
“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are your instincts?"<br />
<br />
“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
<br />
"My instinct is that you are talented!"<br />
<br />
这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激动的光辉:“世上有才华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
<br />
It was the highest praise for an "enemy of society”. Her tone showed a significant preference, which should bring enough relief to the painter. But the painter stood there with a stoney expression. The radiance of excitement in his gaze was worn away: "There are many talented people in the world, including glorious victors and miserable losers. Why do you prefer me? You’ll regret it in the future…"<br />
<br />
难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把才华糟蹋得像一块抹布的年月里,这句话,他不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子无才便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,才华再也不是令知识分子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
<br />
No wonder the painter reacted indifferently. It was not the first time he had heard the phrase in the years when his talent was ruined like a rag. Anyone could give it to him. Beneath the hypocritical compliment was a deliberate mockery. "A woman without talent is virtuous", now also applied to men. Even if he was trampled underfoot, mercilessly flogged, covering with cuts and bruises, they could pat him on the shoulder and told him to get up and go to work. At that time, talent was no longer a flower that made intellectuals have smug feelings, but a bitter medicine that touched their feelings of sorrow.<br />
<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
<br />
Lanying’s and the painter's eyes met. The painter's eyes, probing and frank, with a deep flame of self-esteem and some expectations, shot all the way to the girl's heart. Lanying could not resist this stare that could penetrate through everything, and her heart was shivering…<br />
<br />
兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费力气地获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被搞得阴阳颠倒！一时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到一颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙一样晶莹闪烁。<br />
<br />
Lanying suddenly remembered that it was her second meeting with the painter, in this quiet mountain forest, a secluded valley far away from the city. Wasn't today Women's Day? Ordinarily, he could easily win the girl’s heart with his gentleness and gallantry. However, he brought frustration, which couldn’t wait to broke the girl's calm. He said the truth, revealed the hidden pain, casting ominous clouds. He knew that it could cause irreversible consequences, but insisted on doing it. What exactly was it for? How upright and poised he was! Why was such a person said to be a terrible devil? The vanished soul? Life was so unfair! Honesty for disaster, cunning for glory, how much right and wrong in the world had been turned upside down! For a moment, Lanying felt that the ravine, valley and river in front of her had been filled in. Through the evening mist, she saw a sincere heart, glittering and shining like agates.<br />
<br />
兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
<br />
Lanying said excitedly, "I decided."<br />
<br />
画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "You love me?"<br />
<br />
“喜欢。”<br />
<br />
"Yes."<br />
<br />
“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
<br />
"What do I have to be loved?"<br />
<br />
“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
<br />
"Because you are honest, and love needs honesty."<br />
<br />
画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝 里滚动。<br />
<br />
The painter's whole body shocked, and he threw himself on the girl and buried his head in her arms. In one moment, the strong man turned into a child that curled up, with tears welling up in his eyes.<br />
<br />
一弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
<br />
A crescent moon rose. The ancient pagoda was solemn, and the bamboo forest whispered. The bright silver light shined on the girl, who was like a silver statue of goddess.<br />
<br />
画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
<br />
The painter was like embracing a treasure that he never wanted to lose. For many years, he lived and behaved with integrity, and infatuated with art. But no one had ever given such an evaluation on him. Today, the girl judged his conscience, filling his lonely heart with light. He was satisfied and relieved, feeling that he got the greatest reward for the hardship he had suffered for years…<br />
<br />
双桥<br />
<br />
Shuangqiao<br />
<br />
当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢——充当囚犯, 颠沛流离 ,饱尝辛酸……<br />
<br />
Contemporary artists have great passions to pursue their own artistic styles, and those who had suffered misfortune had unique styles that could not be replaced by others. Who wants to repeat their experience--to be a prisoner, to wander, to endure all kinds of hardships…<br />
<br />
翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
<br />
Open Repin’s collection, and look at ''Barge Haulers on the Volga''.<br />
<br />
我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石磙,弓着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下一闪一闪。<br />
<br />
There is a picture similar to ''Barge Haulers on the Volga'' before us, a living picture. The sun was hot, and the air was burning. On the golden wheat field, a young man pulled a stone roller with the posture of the barge hauler on the Volga. He bowed, head down, with a rope trip on his shoulder, hands almost down to the ground. Sweat was running down his bare back, glowing and winking in the sun.<br />
<br />
这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是最年轻的一个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石磙,一拉就是一天。<br />
<br />
This was Shuangqiao Farm in Beijing, one of the earliest state farms, which was famous for its mechanized production. But the artists from the Central Academy of Fine Arts did the work like animal labor. Yuan Yunsheng was the youngest among more than twenty people, who volunteered to do the heaviest work. He pulled the stone roller on the wheat field all day.<br />
<br />
二十几个人住在一间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。几年前,在他们头顶上发生的 那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成为一门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向两极。<br />
<br />
More than twenty people lived in a large room, with shabby windows and doors, and flies and mosquitoes flying freely in and out. There were two rows of wide beds for a number of people and tables made of wooden boards in the room. The dean, professors, teaching assistants and students were equally treated here. The explosion that happened above their heads a few years ago caused different reactions in each of them. Some were silent, some were endlessly repentant, some were calm, and some were trembling, just as the mechanics of the explosion developed into a unique craft, capable of both destruction and construction, making their spiritual models distinctly polarized.<br />
<br />
袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头一个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,一头畜力转眼间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng returned to the room from the wheat field, his first action was to fall on the drawing board by the bed. The animal became an artist with glittering eyes at once, just like the miracle of a magic show by a magician. With the drawing board under his arm, he looked for prey everywhere. He was the master of everything in the territory of visual image.<br />
<br />
他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着他。试问 ,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展示了情景交融的空间——略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
<br />
He doggedly innovated, of his own accord and under duress. He had to reform through labor, and made art at the same time, who needed to adapt to the new environment because he could not leisurely portray objects like oil painters. Applying the achievements of line modeling in Chinese painting to Western oil painting, which was a hazy pursuit before, now became a bright flame that attracted him strongly. Who had ever seen the existence of "line" in life? And he saw it. He observed the layers of light, analyzed the light and plane of the object, trying to grasp the moment when a plane met another plane. The changing, transitional, and wonderful division showed clear lines on the retina, which commanded the hand and pen through the processing of the brain, the exaggeration of emphasis and the appropriate deformation, drawing firm or soft lines on the sketch, as simple as Chinese paintings, as precise as Western paintings, like a Peking Opera artist on an empty stage, showing the space that feelings mingled with scenes with his nuanced hand movements, expression of eyes and body motions--a remarkable painting language that was slight but not empty, with real in its emptiness.<br />
<br />
他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
<br />
He figured it out. Since his paintings would never be cared again, let alone exhibited, he could let his pen draw freely. During the days in the farm, he made more than two thousand sketches with pens, brushes and pencils, far more than the number of assignments for students in fine art colleges. With heavy work and strong foundation, he went toward his goal. A large pile of sketches on his bedside was the accumulation of his faith and the ocean of spirit.<br />
<br />
住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
<br />
Among the people living in the same room, there was a stern elder who often watched the young painter's behaviors. He was Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy. Jiang Feng's gaze was astonished. He didn’t know his student before, but now he was touched by Yuan Yunsheng's enthusiasm for hard work and advancement.<br />
<br />
“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去！”<br />
<br />
"I really don't understand why the student like you should be labeled as a 'rightist'?" Jiang Feng said to Yuan Yunsheng, "Draw it. As long as you think it's right, you can draw it according to your will!"<br />
<br />
这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
<br />
It was the direct teaching Yuan Yunsheng heard from the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, not in the grand academy, but in the hard adversity. This teaching impressed him forever.<br />
<br />
一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
<br />
One day, people living in the same room held a review meeting. Some of them confessed as usual, but Jiang Feng declaimed, criticizing the proneness to boasting and exaggeration in publicity, the disconnect between economic policy and economic base, and the hazards of "Left" opportunism, just like a level-headed politician without the slightest self-consciousness of an offender. He was still him, maintaining human dignity, and exercising the rights of the brain and mouth. Yuan Yunsheng listened, filled with admiration.<br />
<br />
散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特儿是清癯的、憔悴的,一副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出一个美的灵魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
<br />
After the meeting, Jiang Feng read a book with his head on the desk. Yuan Yunsheng quietly picked up the drawing board and looked towards him. The model in front of him was skinny and haggard, with a contemplative look. However, in the painter's mind, a beautiful soul was reflected, as hard and transparent as diamonds. The painter used his brush to draw a portrait of him with ease and verve.<br />
<br />
“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
<br />
"Oh, I'm much thinner than before." Jiang Feng took the sketch and said with emotion, "Leave this painting to me. You and I have a memorable friendship…"<br />
<br />
这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
<br />
The sketch was paired with a frame, hanging in Jiang Feng's home for many years.<br />
<br />
一个被撤职的党委书记,一个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
<br />
A dismissed secretary of the Party Committee, and a young man forced to stop school. Neither of their personalities were distorted under the weight. Once the personality had overcome the ordeal, it was like cast iron. It was the same to admit it or not.<br />
<br />
雨纷纷<br />
<br />
The Drizzling Water <br />
<br />
画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业分配。<br />
<br />
The painter parted with Lanying in Suzhou and returned to Changchun. They exchanged letters from time to time. A year later, Lanying was facing job assignment after graduation.<br />
<br />
东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降临头上。<br />
<br />
The Northeast was very unfamiliar to Lanying. In her imagination, it was distant borderlands covered with snow and ice, a terrible place so cold that the nose, ears and chin could be frozen off. None of the students wanted to be assigned to the Northeast. They were used to the affluent conditions and warm climate of lands of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River, and the mere mention of the Northeast made their hair stand on end, as if the doom of exile had fallen on their heads. <br />
<br />
兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
<br />
Lanying was regardless of anything. In the girl's mind, where he was, there was spring, and there was a bonfire! She was willing to suffer cold and hunger just by his side.<br />
<br />
当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying proposed to the organization of his aspiration for assignment, the other side was shocked: “Ah, you already have a boyfriend! How long have you known each other? What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
姑娘一五一十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住 。<br />
<br />
The girl answered one by one. She thought that it could not be hidden sooner or later.<br />
<br />
兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象力,把故事编得像田园牧歌一样美妙——<br />
<br />
Lanying’s story spread through the college. Oral litterateurs were not lack in imagination, and made up the story as beautiful as an idyllic pastoral--<br />
<br />
“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
<br />
"Hey, did you hear? Lanying asked to be assigned to Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
<br />
"So far away! Why do you want to go there?"<br />
<br />
“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子。”<br />
<br />
"She met a boyfriend, one of the most beautiful men in Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那个人干什么的?”<br />
<br />
"What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
<br />
"He's an actor at Changchun Film Studio. He acted many movies."<br />
<br />
“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
<br />
"Of course it is good to have an actor as boyfriend. He can go everywhere in the country. <br />
Studios are in big cities, and Lanying can be transferred to wherever she likes!"<br />
<br />
但是,在学校的一间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
<br />
But in a small room of the college, Lanying's head was under the weight of thousand pounds, and furious and disappointed eyes were cast at him: “You are too naïve in politics. Who is he? A ‘rightist', who is anti-Party and anti-socialist. Who are you? The descendant of revolutionary martyrs, member of the Communist Youth League, and the Party organization's development target. Won’t you feel sorry about your dead parents? And the Party?<br />
<br />
兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了……”<br />
<br />
Lanying argued: "His hat had been taken off…"<br />
<br />
“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样一个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣个黑锅背一辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
<br />
"Whether his hat had been taken off or not, it was all the same. If one has such a family, he could not shake it off. But you want to have the injustice and carry it for the rest of your life. How silly you are!"<br />
<br />
“我乐意……”<br />
<br />
"I don’t care…"<br />
<br />
“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍白,四肢麻木,像是一个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
<br />
"Don’t say any more! You are already his prisoner, standing on a cliff. You have to break off with him, and never meet him again. If he writes to you, you hand it over to the organization to deal with!" Lanying sat in a corner of the room, pale and numb, like a rebel on trial. What did she have to say? A simple-hearted girl confided in others the secret of love for the first time, who should receive happy congratulations. However, she received brutal reprimand and forced interferences, and it was useless to argue with them. She dragged herself back to the dormitory.<br />
<br />
更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她,好像她做了什么亏心事。一颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
<br />
What was harder to bear was the mute weight. Her classmates looked at her with scorn and whispered about her as if she had done something against conscience. A pearl once held in the palm of the hand suddenly became the object of ridicule, so that she tasted the fickleness of the world, the ups and downs of fate, and aroused a strong feeling of rebellion.<br />
<br />
她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨——爸爸生前的战友。<br />
<br />
She wrote a letter and sent it to an aunt in Hangzhou, a former comrade of her father.<br />
<br />
阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
<br />
The aunt soon sent a telegram, asking her to go to Hangzhou and talking with her face to face.<br />
<br />
兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空一样阴郁。<br />
<br />
When she arrived in Hangzhou, it was drizzling. The aunt took her to her residence, and was very hospitable with smile, trying to make her happy. However, Lanying's face looked sad, as gloomy as the sky.<br />
<br />
“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说，“我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
<br />
"What if you worry yourself into illness?” The aunt said, "Let me go out for a walk with you.”<br />
<br />
她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
<br />
They went to Orioles Singing in the Willows of the West Lake with an umbrella.<br />
<br />
西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
<br />
The West Lake was silvery gray in front of Lanying. The sky was silver, and the water was silver. The atmosphere was drifting with silver powder that looked like rain but not rain, which he could not feel, and her clothes seemed to be getting wet but not.<br />
<br />
兰英的眉心舒展 了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
<br />
Lanying felt more comfortable: "The scenery here is so beautiful!"<br />
<br />
“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢，”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍一个男朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证会喜欢他……”<br />
<br />
"It is worth coming here, right. There is another happy thing," said the aunt with a smile, "I’ll introduce to you a boyfriend. He is a member of the party and does confidential work in the army. He is handsome and you are well-matched in age. I’m sure that as long as you are willing to meet him, you are going to like him…"<br />
<br />
兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
<br />
Lanying was on the alert at once: "Did you invite me here just for this?"<br />
<br />
阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养感情嘛……”<br />
<br />
The aunt said: "I’m doing this for your own good. The relationship needs to be cultivated. You don’t have a relationship with him now, but you can cultivate it…"<br />
<br />
姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进一团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲径好像布满陷阱。一种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。给你!”<br />
<br />
The girl only felt that her chest was stuffed with a mess. The beautiful scenery of the West Lake had become nasty, and the winding path under her feet seemed to be fraught with pitfalls. A feeling of being fooled came over her, and she said angrily: "I don't want to see anyone. Here you are!"<br />
<br />
兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
<br />
Lanying shoved the umbrella into the aunt's hand, turned and ran away through the cold rain. Behind her, the lake water lapped at the shore, making a rhythmic sound, like heaving sighs…<br />
<br />
回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
<br />
Back to the residence, the first thing Lanying did was to pack things, ready to return to Suzhou. The aunt came over and said calmly, "Lanying, I know your temper. Once you have decided something, no one can persuade you…"<br />
<br />
“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
<br />
"I appreciate that you know it." The girl said tonelessly.<br />
<br />
“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好好谈谈吧……”<br />
<br />
"I have only one request." said the aunt, "Since you came to Hangzhou, it does not hurt to stay one more day. Let's talk about it in the evening…"<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
<br />
At night, Lanying and the aunt sat face to face by lamplight.<br />
<br />
“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I trust your eyes. The person you like must be good." The aunt said calmly. “Our party implements a policy of uniting and reforming intellectuals, and people like him still have a role to play."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "I thought the same thing…"<br />
<br />
“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们一些好处。打个比喻吧,好比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那些人再好,也不能使用。你多想一想吧……”<br />
<br />
"But let me tell you more detailed information." The aunt said, "At present, we do not have a team of intellectuals of our own. If we don’t rely on them, who can we rely on? If we want to use them, we have to give them some benefits. To use an analogy, it is like a jelly bean to coax children. The little sweetness will soon melt. When our own team grows up, they can’t be used anymore no matter how good they are. Think more about it…”<br />
<br />
姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头一次听说,在政策的背后还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
<br />
After the girl listened to the thorough analysis, she was bewildered. She heard for the first time that there were policies behind a policy. The infinite mysteries of life were enough for her to digest slowly.<br />
<br />
这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。一个势单力孤的女子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越 ,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为一个农家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
<br />
That night, Lanying lost sleep. At the deadest time of the night, she was thinking about the painter who was far away and gradually came to realize that there were more serious obstacles between them than ice, snow, storms, mountains and rivers. A weak woman, powerless to push away the weight of society, tradition and mentality, felt that the future was infinitely uncertain. Did the girl regret having fallen in love with him? She could not find a reason to condemn herself. Their love was witnessed by the green hill and bright moon, without a trace of dust. She could only regret that she came from a privileged background and was fully favored, so that her love was also shackled. The girl would rather be reborn again for him… She fell asleep in a daze and had a sweet dream that she was transformed into a farm girl and met the painter among the white mountain and the black water. The whole world was pure as if it was covered with silver and jade… When she woke up, she found that it was just a delusional dream. The fate had been doomed, and everything was irreversible. The girl was desperate, with hot tears like a broken line of beads, from the cheeks constantly rolling down...<br />
<br />
第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看一看就会明白的。”<br />
<br />
The next day, the aunt put a magazine in front of Lanying: "This is what I found from the library, you will understand if you read it."<br />
<br />
这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到一篇文章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的一小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的题目——<br />
<br />
It was a magazine of ''Fine Arts'' published in that year. With trembling hands, Lanying opened the pages and found an article. The article criticized an oil painting by Yuan Yunsheng and included a photo of it. What was that? The painting was shrunken into a small and pitiful piece that could not be seen clearly. The girl finally found the title of the painting--<br />
<br />
水乡记忆<br />
<br />
Memory of the Water Town<br />
<br />
“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
<br />
"It’s okay. It’s okay. It would burn if you continue frying it."<br />
<br />
“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
<br />
"Be gentle, don't let others hear it."<br />
<br />
“我先尝尝——哈,又香又脆!”<br />
<br />
"Let me taste it first--ha, it’s delicious and crispy!"<br />
<br />
“放开肚皮吧 ,反正不花钱……”<br />
<br />
"Tuck in. It doesn’t cost money anyway…"<br />
<br />
袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng lying in bed, heard the laughter, the sizzle of boiling oil, and the greedy sound of chewing from next door, along with the aroma of fried oil cakes, keeping him awake at night. <br />
<br />
这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择一处乡土气息浓厚的地区深入生活 ,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓库隔壁的一间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传口号消失了,生理本能在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是一出率先占有填充材料的喜剧。<br />
<br />
This was the warehouse of the production team, located in a small town near Suzhou. Not long ago, Yuan Yunsheng returned to the Central Academy of Fine Arts from Shuangqiao Farm, and got back to Professor Dong Xiwen's studio to learn from him. The teacher suggested him to choose an area with a strong local flavor to plunge into the thick of life, collecting materials for his graduation work. He came to a town in the regions south of the Yangtze River and was assigned to a hut next to the production team's warehouse as the accommodation. It was a time of national economic hardship, and the water town, which was praised as “the earthly paradise", was also facing the threat of starvation. The fanatical slogan that was once popular disappeared and physiological instincts took effect in people, which was first shown in the town's cadres. In order to fill a few people’s bellies, they went harm to the group, compressing others’ bellies. The late-night performance was a comedy of being the first to take possession of the filling material.<br />
<br />
袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng rolled over in bed, causing a few rats to crawl out beside the pillow and hop around on him.<br />
<br />
“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
<br />
"There’s a noise!" The man next door said, "Should we ask that painter to come?"<br />
<br />
“别理他!”<br />
<br />
"Don’t mind him!"<br />
<br />
……<br />
<br />
这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预一下也无可厚非 。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
<br />
This was the material of real life! Paint it. Since "art was subordinate to politics", there was nothing wrong with intervening in such life. The painter lay in bed, his heart flowing with the feeling of concerning for the country and the people.<br />
<br />
然而,夜间的梦寐 并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
<br />
However, the dream at night did not leave the painter with a deep impression. He had his own understanding of the function of art. He came here for pursuit of the beauty in life, and the dust of life could not cloud the artist's heart of gold. The place he went to during the day gave satisfaction to his pursuit. A few weeks later, he returned to Beijing with everything that he wanted.<br />
<br />
回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,一股不可遏制的创作冲动驱使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去一个晚上的时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
<br />
One day after returning to Beijing, he leaned on his bed and thought after dinner. An uncontrollable impulse of creation drove him to pick up the brush and readily draw on the draft paper, the tip of the brush as smooth as floating clouds and flowing water. In only one night, he sketched out his graduation work.<br />
<br />
他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
<br />
He took the sketch to visit Teacher Dong Xiwen. The teacher looked at it and said: "I think it is distinctive. The workload is not small. Get on with it!"<br />
<br />
他把行李卷、画布和油彩,一股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上一摊,不分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
<br />
He moved the bedding roll, canvases and oil paints into the large warehouse of the college. This warehouse was used to store large-scale cultural relics, including a tall stone camel, an excavated stone horse and a stone tiger in front of the tomb of the Han Dynasty general Huo Qubing. The floor was covered with thick dust, and the walls were covered with cobwebs, like a gloomy old castle. He spread the bedding roll on the floor, and worked day and night. The stone tiger and horse watched a young painter working like a maniac. Two months later, Yuan Yunsheng asked someone to help him lift out a huge oil painting.<br />
<br />
这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
<br />
The painting was titled ''Memory of the Water Town''.<br />
<br />
《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优 ”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的分数都不肯给。<br />
<br />
''Memory of the Water Town'' became the topic of conversation in the circle of art. The doyens of painting such as Dong Xiwen, Ye Qianyu and Huang Yongyu praised it, who argued that his graduation grade should be “excellent”. Some others shook their heads and frowned, refusing to give him even a passing grade.<br />
<br />
水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
<br />
What was the memory of the water town for the young painter?<br />
<br />
画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
<br />
In the picture is a small bridge common in Suzhou, which is the style of traditional architectural left over from the Ming Dynasty, with exquisite structure, decorated with delicate sculpted reliefs. The two sides of the bridge show the houses, streets and the lively scene of the market trading during the Spring Festival.<br />
<br />
看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。一个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开一张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。一个淳朴的小女孩刚才卖掉一只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着一桩桩美好的故事——人们在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
<br />
Look, there are people setting up the stage for Beijing opera performance, there are people selling New Year's pictures, and there are people selling grain and vegetables, so lively. A beautiful country girl spreads out a newspaper at her feet and sets bunches of flowers on it, expecting people to visit. A simple little girl has just sold a lamb. Perhaps because the cute little animal was fed by her hands when growing up, she sees it being taken away, showing a look of melancholy... With the strong national style and local customs and practices, the painter drew hundreds of lifelike characters, around the stone bridge to tell good stories -- people exchanged their results of hard work a year here, and were pleased and gratified by the rich and colorful folk recreations.<br />
<br />
桥下是一泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
<br />
Under the bridge is clear, rippling and sparkling. The dark-awninged boats, small wooden boats and barges carrying purchases for the Spring Festival are so close to each other, and brush past the others. The boatmen are all humble, avoiding each other, and quickly giving the way for the neighboring boats. A young man lies leisurely on the bow of the boat, the sunlight sprinkling over his face, and thinks with a vision of the future…<br />
<br />
这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举世无双的韧性——走向明天!<br />
<br />
Weren’t the small bridge and the river the reappearance of our national features! Our nation suffered a lot, and was at a very difficult time; however, our indomitable national spirit was not destroyed by the disaster. We were strong, confident and optimistic, emphasized courtesy, and maintained great dignity, with a slow rhythm, calm pace, and resilience that was unparalleled in the world--towards tomorrow!<br />
<br />
谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
<br />
Who could have guessed that the original idea of this painting was conceived in that hut in the water town, that shady with mice hopping around, adjacent to the evil. What a contrast between the hard work of the people, the innocence of the painter, and the greed, selfishness and deceit just a wall away! The painter brushed away the shadows of life, and used painting language to express his deep love for his country and people with good wishes. This was the self-analysis of the painter's mind and character!<br />
<br />
当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩 ,年画的敦厚朴实和壁画的装饰趣味。<br />
<br />
When ''Memory of the Water Town'' was put on public display, hanging in the auditorium of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, the response from the audience was enthusiastic. Some people left comments, some took pictures, and some copied it. Just in terms of its innovation in artistic style, people were amazed by it. The author put aside the "three unities" of plot devices of Western oil painting and the traditional perspective rules, and adopted the ingenious technique of cavalier perspective of Chinese painting, so as to make the independent stories on the picture blend together. When portraying the characters, the author masterly used the tools of Western oil painting, boldly used line modeling, and absorbed the exaggeration of the ancient art of pottery figurines to depict images of the figures with different expressions. The painting had the splendor and magnificence of oil painting, the exact delineation and heavy colors of Chinese painting, the sincerity and simplicity of New Year’s picture and the decorative interest of fresco. <br />
<br />
把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为一炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿了吧！<br />
<br />
It was the author's dream to integrate the ancient and modern, Chinese and Western painting arts into one. His dream should come true!<br />
<br />
但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
<br />
However, the fate of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was suddenly reversed, which was taken off the wall of the exhibition hall and thrown into the garbage dump where scraps were stored. Later, a young man who loved table tennis found its value and dragged it behind the table to use it as a baffle to block the ball. Later, a student from the art history department felt bad for it and secretly cut it down with a scissor, folded it up, and pressed it under the bed in the dormitory. However, the college reported it to the police in panic, bringing in the comrades in the department of public safety to enter the college to reconnoiter, as if searching for an indecent prohibited thing. Finally, the enthusiastic collector had to hand it over, and the campus loudspeaker immediately broadcasted that it was "another victory in paying great attention to class struggle".<br />
<br />
离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着一堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的路口只亮着一盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
<br />
Was it bizarre? Not really. The climate was changing, three years of hardship passed, the fairs trade in the countryside was banned, and the days of hunger were forgotten. Today's politics made new requirements on yesterday's art, and it was time for the painter to be spanked. The author of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was faced with lots of questions that he could never answer: Why didn't you paint a tractor? Why didn't you paint the wheat field with a good harvest? Why didn't paint… Among all the criticisms, no one had ever accused him of not painting the scene next door that night, though such phenomena were a well-known fact. There was only one green light at the intersection of literary criticism: turning left. The artist who stayed true to the art went straight ahead and was denounced as being too "right".<br />
<br />
中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出作者的艺术才能。”<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, once said with emotion: "If this painting had not been damaged, and had been put on display, I can predict that the audience would have rehabilitated him. Even in this tentative work, we can see the artistic talent of the author."<br />
<br />
只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世——其中也包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, the remains of the painting couldn’t be found. The only memorial it had left was a pathetically small picture, accompanied by a critical article that sounded plausible, published in a corner of ''Fine Arts''. The painter should feel honored that it was the first time his work had been made into a zincograph, and printed, spreading around the world--including the one in front of Lanying.<br />
<br />
月台边<br />
<br />
At the Edge of the Platform<br />
<br />
兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
<br />
The second morning Lanying spent in Hangzhou was the most painful time for her.<br />
<br />
阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子 ,还会累及子女。<br />
<br />
The aunt stood beside her as her guardian, and pointed to the magazine as if she had found a powerful proof. The aunt said that a man like Yuan Yunsheng would not correct his mistake, and others would not tolerate him. It would be a lifelong mistake to combine with him, never seeing the light in the future and implicating the children.<br />
<br />
那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘与画家结合 的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
<br />
The magazine did not frighten the girl’s love away, but made her feel the seriousness of the problem. It seemed that it was not only the aunt, the college, but also the whole society that prevented her from being bound with the painter. It seemed that everyone except the girl was cursing him and splashing dirty water on the painter. Did the girl still have the courage to go towards him? Talking about the future children, those innocent babies that would follow the adults and spend their whole life in the mud, Lanying's heart was softened.<br />
<br />
这是一场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
<br />
It was an irresistible spiritual siege. Lanying hunched over the table and burst into tears…<br />
<br />
阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效力,递过一支笔、一张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
<br />
Seeing the effect of her good intention, the aunt handed over a pen and a piece of paper: "Writing him a letter and making it clear, you’ll feel comfortable. If he really loves you, he will not give you trouble again…"<br />
<br />
兰英接过纸笔。<br />
<br />
Lanying took the paper and pen.<br />
<br />
她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家能够得到另一个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后一个字,信纸上满是斑斑泪痕。<br />
<br />
She wrote a very firm statement, cutting off communication with the painter, and didn’t explain anything. She took the responsibility, saying that she was willing to pay the lifelong price for her impulse and would never get married again. In her letter, she wished the painter to get another girl who would love him as much as she did… When she finished the letter, it was blotted with tears.<br />
<br />
阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
<br />
The aunt took it over to have a look and sighed: "Look, the handwriting was wet with tears. It’ll make him suspect that you are not really want to break up with him ......"<br />
<br />
“本来就是被迫的！”兰英没好气地说。<br />
<br />
"It was forced!" Lanying said angrily.<br />
<br />
阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
<br />
The aunt finally got the written pledge and was relieved, sealing the envelope with her own hands, sticking a stamp on it, and taking it to the post office.<br />
<br />
兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将把信撕得粉碎,一赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下 ,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净……<br />
<br />
Lanying returned to Suzhou from Hangzhou, and felt every day like a year, repeatedly imagining the painter's reaction. The painter would be furious, wouldn’t he? Lanying really did not want to add a new scar to the painter's heart, which had been badly wounded, so she did not write irritating words in the letter. But the painter would understand the reason for the change. The letter had already constituted a contempt and insult to him. Would he rip it up and decide not to write back in a fit of anger? Or would he bow to his fate and fall into a depression? Or, the girl's worries were superfluous. Men were men, who were easy come and easy go. He would wipe the girl out of his memory, completely forgetting her.<br />
<br />
兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
<br />
The last thing that Lanying wanted to happen was the latter situation.<br />
<br />
画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
<br />
The painter wrote back with stiff words. He agreed to break up, without a hint of a pleading tone, with only one last condition, asking Lanying to come to Changchun and explain the reason face to face.<br />
<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
<br />
Like hearing an echo from an empty valley, Lanying ran into the college office clasping the letter.<br />
<br />
姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
<br />
The girl placed the letter on the table and said: "Please allow me to go to Changchun."<br />
<br />
对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
<br />
After reading the painter's letter, the other party looked up and asked, "Is this the last meeting?"<br />
<br />
“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
<br />
"Yes." The girl said, "We're very determined."<br />
<br />
学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
<br />
The college could not say the reason for refusing the girl and let her go. On the day of the girl’s departure, the school made a long-distance call to Changchun, asking the painter's unit to cooperate and pay attention to the actions of Lanying and the painter, promoting both sides to break off the relationship.<br />
<br />
火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人头攒动的月台上,她一眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
<br />
The train was flying along, the vast fields passing outside the window. The girl was anxious. She was longing for the scenery of the Northeast in her dream before, but this journey didn’t leave any impression on her. She only remembered the moment the train arrived in Changchun, when she saw the painter with a pale face at a glance on the crowded platform.<br />
<br />
兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
<br />
When Lanying stepped out of the train, the painter was coming up. He still held the sketchbook in his hand, pretending to be calm. However, his tired and dark look, holding back great pain, could not escape the girl's keen eyes. It was exactly what the girl hoped to see, and a thrill of joy rose in her heart. <br />
<br />
画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
<br />
The painter stopped at the edge of the platform, keeping a few steps from the girl.<br />
<br />
“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
<br />
"Please answer now," the painter's voice was like the low roar of a wild animal, "why do you change your mind? Why do you bend to the will of others?"<br />
<br />
姑娘把旅行袋往前一递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听懂是什么意思。<br />
<br />
The girl handed her travel bag forward: "Do you think I come to Changchun to negotiate with you?" The painter was stunned, not understanding what it meant.<br />
<br />
“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑一趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
<br />
"You fool! If I want to break up with you, do I need to come all the way here?" The girl smiled sweetly, "There is a long way to go, and you need to be tested!"<br />
<br />
明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解——那些无尽无休的劝说、挑唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
<br />
The bright sunlight returned to the painter's face. He even forgot to pick up the girl's bag, and was so excited that he didn’t know what to do. The girl dodged back a little, really afraid that the guy who lost his mind in front of him would throw himself into her arms in full view of a large crowd with no regard for the customs of the country… The consensus reached the Changchun negotiation--those endless persuasions, instigation and restraint were really tiresome that decisive actions had to be taken to get rid of it.<br />
<br />
兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同财产,是一条印花双人床单。在一间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
<br />
Lanying and the painter married in the summer vacation after graduation. The wedding was held in Changchun, without relatives officiating, and classmates congratulating. The only gift they received was a blouse given by Yuan Yunfu to his sister-in-law; the new common property was a printed double bed sheet. In a temporary borrowed hut, they performed a solemn ceremony of life. Lanying spent her honeymoon in disassembling and washing the bedding for the former bachelor. The short honeymoon ended as Lanying's reporting date approached.<br />
<br />
人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
<br />
The Queen Mother of the world was not willing to give in after all, and deliberately laid a galaxy between them.<br />
<br />
兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽容——除了东北三省之外,其他任何一个城市都行。实心眼儿的 姑娘把手指放在地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
<br />
Lanying's place of work was chosen from the map. When she was assigned after graduation, the college gave her lenient conditions--any city except the three provinces of the northeast. The honest girl put her finger on the map and found the nearest place to the Northeast along the railway line. Her finger crossed Beijing, Tianjin, and rested on a small circle south of Shanhaiguan: Tangshan. She thought that it was the ideal crossing of the Milky Way on earth.<br />
<br />
她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着一块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生活无法自理。直到这时,她才感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
<br />
Not long after she arrived in Tangshan, she was caught in an "unprecedented" storm. With marches, rebellions, and two factions fighting with each other with machetes and spears, the whole city fell into primitive tribal strife. Lanying was alone and lived in uncertainty in troubled times. The annual visits to her husband comforted her a little in spirit. Later, she was pregnant. The overwork and poor living conditions caused Lanying to suffer from lumbar spine strain. Her back was like carrying a heavy iron plate, and she couldn’t roll over in bed. There was no one to make fires in the house, and the flimsy door and windows could not withstand the cold wind. The lumbar disease made her stiff and unable to take care of herself. By this time, she felt that she needed her husband by her side so much…<br />
<br />
画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到一份工作,又赶到唐山,好不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户口的证件。至此,他们已经两地分居六年了。<br />
<br />
The painter went around and asked, and finally found a job for his wife in a hospital in Changchun, and then rushed to Tangshan. With difficulty, he passed many hurdles and got the documents to switch his wife’s job and transfer her registered permanent residence. So far, they had been living apart for six years.<br />
<br />
兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西——优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。耿耿 银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
<br />
When Lanying sat on the train, the platform in Changchun moving in front of her eyes again, she could not help but have mixed feelings. For six years, she lost a lot of things out of her own volition--a bright future in politics, a beautiful youth and excellent conditions. The corners of her pretty eyes were covered with worry lines, and her beautiful cheeks became sallow with a gaunt appearance. She paid a huge price for the ordinary life of ordinary people, and a charge of "the family member of a rightist whose hat was taken off”. The Milky Way was in front of her, and there were the same strict rituals in heaven and on earth. <br />
<br />
陋室铭<br />
<br />
The Humble Room<br />
<br />
破木桌上摊开一张纸片,一只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
<br />
A piece of paper was spread out on the broken wooden table, and a small hand holding the brush, applied watercolor to the paper. Round, square and irregular blocks of color appeared under the brush, representing different still life: the round one was a washtub, the square one was an old wooden box, and the irregular one was a diaper on a clothesline…<br />
<br />
这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
<br />
It was the artist's son sketching. He was born in Changchun, and no matter how difficult the path of his parents' life was, he grew up according to the laws of nature, until he was old enough to grasp a brush with his little hand. <br />
<br />
小屋只有14平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, 一排大连铺占去三分之二的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
<br />
The house was only 14 square meters. A little sister added to the family, and four of them were crammed into a small space, with a large bed taking up two thirds of the area. The broken wooden table in front of the window was the dad's workbench at ordinary times, and the son's bed at night. The rest of the space was for cooking and washing clothes, and there was no extra space.<br />
<br />
眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
<br />
The artist's son had painted the scene in front of him more than once, which was his first subject of contact with life. This lovely third generation in new China repeatedly painted with the most beautiful colors in his young mind, and had accumulated dozens of sketches. Whenever the neighbors came to visit, he would take out his works and show them off in front of them. However, the comments he heard were very disappointing: "Alas, Lanying, why does your precious son only paint the slums?"<br />
<br />
兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
<br />
Lanying gave a wry smile. What could she say? All her son painted were things in her house.<br />
<br />
兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头一样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
<br />
After Lanying moved to Changchun, she took on heavy housework and lived a hard life. She was used to eating ready-made meals in the canteen before, and never cooked; by this time, she was distressed to find that it was more difficult to steam the corn cake without turning souring than to perform a surgical operation in the hospital. For a long time, the steamed corn cakes, steamed bread of corn and steamed buns that the whole family ate were unbearably sour and hard like stones. The children still gobbled them up as if they natively tasted like that.<br />
<br />
家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱一个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭 。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
<br />
The family's finances were tight. The total income of two college graduates could not keep up with the increase of family members and the rise of commodity prices. The son was lucky enough to eat cake for a few days when he was a child. When it was the daughter's turn, the parents could no longer afford to buy cakes, so they had to buy bread that was a dime per piece to give the children a treat. Later, the parents brought home discounted black bread. Even so, the children were so happy, smiling from ear to ear.<br />
<br />
他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
<br />
They pinched and scraped, but still spent more than their income. At the end of every month, Lanying and the painter would empty out their pockets face to face.<br />
<br />
“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, we haven't bought the meat for this month yet." Lanying said.<br />
<br />
“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
<br />
"Let’s buy it." The painter said, "It's Sunday. It’s time to improve a meal."<br />
<br />
妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服口袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
<br />
The wife had been penniless for a while. The painter turned his pockets inside out to scrap up enough money to buy a catty of meat.<br />
<br />
儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
<br />
The son, who had already prepared a small snow sled and waited there, took the money and ran away with joy.<br />
<br />
过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
<br />
After a while, the son's cheer came from the door: "Come on, the meat is bought back!"<br />
<br />
画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
<br />
The painter and his wife ran out to greet it, but they were stunned: "Where's the meat?"<br />
<br />
儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚才他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤肉颠得没影了……<br />
<br />
My son looked back and saw that the snow sled was empty. He was too happy and run too fast, the catty of meat tossed away…<br />
<br />
“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
<br />
As the "buyer" had never failed in his duty, he became downhearted this time. The painter and Lanying had to comfort their son, holding his embarrassed little face and laughing.<br />
<br />
儿子也笑了。一场精神上的欢笑 代替了假日的会餐。<br />
<br />
The son laughed too. A time of mirth in spirit replaced the holiday meal.<br />
<br />
在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, the so-called "spiritual aristocrats" were finding jobs for themselves. Some decorated the facade of restaurants and hotels, painting some pictures to exchange bottles of wine and whole cases of fish. Some were busy with their household sidelines, producing modern furniture by hand. Others worked as art tutors, and if the students they taught had good backgrounds, their situations would soon be improved. But Yuan Yunsheng did not get any "extra money" and did not look for a way out. He was very busy. He worked during the day, honestly completing the tasks given to him and trying not to be faulted; after he came back home at night, he indulged in painting, steeping himself in his beloved art, and didn’t have time to do the housework.<br />
<br />
在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似的想点办法?”<br />
<br />
At the most difficult time for the family, Lanying said to Yunsheng in a tentative tone, "Could you think of some ways like others?"<br />
<br />
“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
<br />
"Think of what?" The painter asked in amazement.<br />
<br />
“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合过得去……”<br />
<br />
"I don't ask for anything more." The wife said, "I mean, if possible, to make life at home barely get by..."<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head: "There is a way. But that would wreck my art!"<br />
<br />
妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题一搁,永远不再提起。<br />
<br />
The wife knew the weight of the word "art" in her husband's heart. The subject was put aside, and never mentioned again.<br />
<br />
兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥一顿饱一顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣服洗一洗吧。”<br />
<br />
Lanying was sick from exhaustion, tortured by the pain of lumbar spine strain, and sometimes had to stay in bed. Whenever it happened, the sky of the family collapsed and everything was in chaos. The whole family ate erratically; when the children's clothes were dirty, they didn’t have others to change; the sheets were splattered with the painter's oil, like a canvas of an abstract painter... As a medical worker, Lanying had minimum requirements for sanitation. She could not tolerate it anymore, lying in bed and commending the painter: "Wash the sheets and clothes today."<br />
<br />
“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干一场。<br />
<br />
"Okay." The husband obediently put down the brush and rolled up his sleeves as if he was about to get some things done.<br />
<br />
他把床单和衣服泡了满满一盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他一忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;一忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
<br />
He soaked a full tub of sheets and clothes. As he washed, his hands on the washboard slowed down, and his eyes rested on the opposite wall. There hung a new painting, with the oil not yet dry. One minute he tilted his head sideways, looking pleased with himself; the next he frowned, as if he had found something unsatisfactory.<br />
<br />
他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
<br />
He stood up sharply, wiped his soapy hands on his breast, took a brush, and jumped on the bench, making some changes on the painting.<br />
<br />
兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过一丝苦笑。<br />
<br />
Lanying lay on the bed, with a wry smile flitting across the corner of his mouth.<br />
<br />
画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
<br />
The painter jumped off the bench and went back to the washtub. After a while, he couldn't help looking up at the wall again...<br />
<br />
一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,一共跳了多少次?”<br />
<br />
The day passed. He finally finished washing a tub of clothes, taking more than seven hours on it, and did not have time to cook. The whole family was hungry. Lanying, angry and amused, asked humorously, "Hey, how many times did you jump up and down from the bench?"<br />
<br />
画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
<br />
The painter shook his head blankly.<br />
<br />
兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪——整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
<br />
Lanying said: "You do not remember. I counted it for you--twenty times! Oh, what am I gonna do about you? When doing housework, you are lazy than anyone; when picking up the brush, you are more diligent than anyone..."<br />
<br />
天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入睡;儿子一沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另一只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
<br />
It was dark, and snow fell heavily outside the window, like tearing the cotton wool. Lanying, looking at the ceiling, wasn’t able to sleep; as soon as her son touched the pillow, he fell into a sound and sweet sleep. In the other corner of the hut, under the dim light, the painter was rocking his daughter with one hand, while the other hand was holding a brush and painting. He hummed an improvised lullaby, the song echoing softly in the hut...<br />
<br />
漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
<br />
They spent many nights like this in the long winter.<br />
<br />
兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为一个正直的画家的妻子的全部甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
<br />
The husband’s humming rang in Lanying’s ears, and she silently sank in thought. When she first fell in love with him, she admired his integrity and loyalty to art. Now, she had experienced all the joys and sorrows of being the wife of an upright painter. He was content with being poor and lonely. He didn’t have a normal family life, couldn’t see the light at the end of the tunnel, only asking for work, not the harvest... Who but his wife really understood him? He not only was not understood by the society, but he was also identified as a bad man, with sticks always waving above his head. Whenever thinking of these, the pain of the poor couple's disharmony dissipated, and the wife's heart turned into a spring water, full of female tenderness.<br />
<br />
她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
<br />
She thought, if two people shared the housework, they would get nothing done. Even if she had a terrible backache tomorrow, she had to bite the bullet and get up, bearing the heavy load of housework...<br />
<br />
车轮下<br />
<br />
Under the Wheels<br />
<br />
袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng slept late at night and when he rubbed his eyes the next morning, it was already broad daylight outside the window. "Shit!" He dressed frantically, "I'll be late again..."<br />
<br />
兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为一家人做早饭。<br />
<br />
Lanying had already got up, enduring the back pain, and was making breakfast for the family.<br />
<br />
画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
<br />
The painter asked in amazement, "Who told you to get up? You are not well yet!"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺一躺。”画家匆匆吃过早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
<br />
Lanying said, "It's nothing, I'm still on sick leave anyway. I can still lie down after you leave." The painter hurriedly ate the breakfast, pushed the bicycle and rushed out the door.<br />
<br />
在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过一场大雪,北风一刮,马路上结着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, it was the season when dripping water turned into ice and the breath from the mouth immediately turned to frost. After a heavy snowfall, and when the north wind blew, the roads were thick with ice. The trees on the roadside were covered with silver flowers, and the buildings shone with a dazzling silver glow like a richly decorated jade palace.<br />
<br />
画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命 的时刻。<br />
<br />
The painter was very anxious. Early in the morning, for others was the beginning of the day's work, but for him was the continuation of the night's work. The turn of day and night was the moment when he was busy running around and exhausted.<br />
<br />
人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
<br />
How many ordeals there were in life! Social, natural and accidental...<br />
<br />
穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽听一阵隆隆的马达声。一辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
<br />
Through a street, there was a busy intersection ahead, cars running like the tide. He rode forward cautiously, and suddenly heard a rumble of motors. A reckless truck crossed the intersection, refusing to slow down, as if there was no one else there. <br />
With fast speed, slippery ground, and without preparation, the painter had been too late to dodge it. A crush with a sound of bang, the painter flew far away with the car and fell to the ground. Just then, another truck came from the opposite side, and the painter was passed under the wheels of the truck like a ball...<br />
<br />
街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
<br />
When the people in the street saw this scene of tragedy, they screamed and froze there.<br />
<br />
卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
<br />
The truck driver lost his composure, forgetting to brake in the panic, and putting his right foot on the accelerator and drove on. The truck's big wheels ran over the bicycle, the steel frame uttered a short groan, and the bicycle seat was crushed into a ball. The truck kept going towards the painter.<br />
<br />
这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸口一轧,就算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
<br />
It was a moment of pain, a moment of approaching death. It was over. As soon as the car rolled over his chest, his life was over. He had suffered repeatedly on the road of life, and had never been willing to give in to the fate, but this time he was afraid that he would not be able to escape. He left his beloved art, his wife and children, and died meaninglessly...<br />
<br />
按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同情——预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头——抗争！<br />
<br />
According to Goethe, people could only have three feelings about their own sufferings and that of others: fear, terror and sympathy--the anxiety of foreseeing the coming catastrophe, the unexpected discovery of current suffering and the sympathy for the suffering of the time or the past. However, the painter, who fell under the wheel, had none of these three feelings in the hazy consciousness that flashed through his mind. Even at such a moment, he showed his stubborn character, and had only one strong thought--to struggle!<br />
<br />
接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
<br />
What happened next was unbelievable to the startled roadside pedestrians. They saw the body that fell under the truck suddenly straightened up, stretching out a pair of arms, and clinging to the front bumper of the truck. The truck roared and shook, as if to destroy the barrier; the person under the wheels struggled, slid, and refused to give up. People in the streets of Changchun saw a scene of flesh and blood stubbornly fighting with the steel monster.<br />
<br />
“千万不能倒下！”画家想,“一倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
<br />
"I must not fall down!" The painter thought, "If I fall down, I'll never get up again..."<br />
<br />
卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
<br />
The truck dragged the painter along the icy road, for 5 meters, 10 meters... Until the driver regained his normal reflexes, he hit the brake, overcoming the car's inertia.<br />
<br />
画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
<br />
The painter was injured seriously and his clothes were torn into ragged strips. He was taken to the hospital.<br />
<br />
抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天才清醒过来。<br />
<br />
When Lanying, who was sick at home, heard the news, there was a buzz in her head, and she felt that the sky was spinning, and her legs went limp. It took her a long time to wake.<br />
<br />
兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾一切地赶到医院。存车的时候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙怎么也拔不出来。<br />
<br />
Lanying got on her bicycle and, not knowing where she got the strength, she rushed to the hospital regardless. When she stored the car, she lost strength again. She could hardly look at the hospital door, her hands were shaking, and she could not pull the key out.<br />
<br />
存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚才进医院的时候,自己还能走路。”<br />
<br />
The old lady at the parking lots recognized Lanying: "You are Yuan's lover, right? Don't be afraid. He just walked into the hospital by himself."<br />
<br />
兰英这才觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
<br />
Lanying felt relieved now.<br />
<br />
兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫妻双双躺在床上。<br />
<br />
Lanying took her husband home to recover from his injuries. After this mental stimulation, the sick wife’s body was heavier. Both the couple lay in bed.<br />
<br />
孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和女儿一人捧回一包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
<br />
The child was left unattended. Lanying took out a few cents and asked the children to buy food. After a while, the son and daughter each brought back a packet of cookies, standing by the bed with tears in their eyes.<br />
<br />
儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
<br />
The son said, "Dad, eat this."<br />
<br />
女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
<br />
The daughter said, "Daddy, eat mine."<br />
<br />
兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿......<br />
<br />
Lanying took the children into her arms, wiping away the tears on their little faces for both of them. The children understood the family situation and tasted the desolation and fears of life too soon. Lanying only regrated that she couldn’t have more money to give her husband and children a little spiritual and physical compensation...<br />
<br />
画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰问。他们留下一百块钱赔偿经济损失——画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
<br />
While the painter was recovering from his injuries, the driver who caused the accident and the head of his unit came to his house to apologize and express sympathy. They left a hundred yuan to compensate for the economic loss--the painter's clothes, bicycle and medical expenses.<br />
<br />
客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
<br />
After the guests left, the painter sat on the bed, deep in thought.<br />
<br />
兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看一眼也令人伤心。<br />
<br />
Lanying looked at the pile of money and sighed sadly. Because her husband got it by escaping from death, she was sad even by glancing at it.<br />
<br />
画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
<br />
The painter suddenly got out of bed and paced around the house.<br />
<br />
“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, are you crazy?" His wife said with the tone of blame, "Your leg is not yet healed. Back to bed!"<br />
<br />
画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民——我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去！”<br />
<br />
The painter walked up to his wife, his eyes shining with excitement, "Look, I can walk! You know, I haven't gone out to paint for a long time, because I don't have that condition. How I long for the grassland in northern Shaanxi, the rushing Yellow River, and the people there--I'll take this money and go to Yan'an to paint from life!"<br />
<br />
这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是一个贫病交困的人的最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对一些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那样遥远,拼着性命才能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
<br />
This was the voice in the heart of the artist who just got up from under the wheel! This was the highest hope of a poor and sick man! His request was so limited, which didn’t matter to some people, but was so far away for him, who needed to fight for it with his life. Lanying felt like her chest was hit hard, with her heart burning, and ran out of words. She looked at her husband's sincere face, and understood it. Now that it could bring joy and satisfaction to him who longed to paint, then let him go.<br />
<br />
数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
<br />
A few days later, Yuan Yunsheng, dragging his unhealed body, carrying a heavy pack and painting tools, set off on a snowy and windy road with his wife's affectionate gaze...<br />
<br />
袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng went through difficulties on the trip to northern Shaanxi. As months went by, his face was engraved with the marks of the plateau sun and sandstorms, and he returned home with his bag full of sketches.<br />
<br />
袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,一举一动都受到街道居委会的监视。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing, he went to see Jiang Feng. At that time, the air in Beijing was suffocating. Jiang Feng was over 60 years old, whose situation was even worse than before. He lived alone in a messy compound, and his every move was monitored by the street committee.<br />
<br />
袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没有什么值得高兴的——中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路线走一遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng sat in front of the past the secretary of the Party Committee, bringing recent news of the old areas of northern Shaanxi. The news was nothing to cheer about--the People's Republic of China had been founded for more than twenty years, and everywhere he went along the route of the Red Army’s strategic shift, the people were still living in poverty. The young painter declaimed against the country’s failings, but suddenly thought that the walls have ears, and worried about the situation of the old man, so he dropped the subject and quietly looked at Jiang Feng.<br />
<br />
江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上挂着一幅画框,嵌着一张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng listened peacefully, looking calm, and had not intention of stopping him. On the wall behind him hung a framed sketch, which was exactly the one that Yuan Yunsheng painted for Jiang Feng in the Shuangqiao farm ten years ago. The old man maintained his inherent dignity as usual, and was a true tough man. Yuan Yunsheng experienced once again the spiritual power that calmed people down.<br />
<br />
袁运生打开画夹,把一组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng opened the portfolio and placed a group of sketches of people in northern Shaanxi in front of Jiang Feng, including a shepherd with a wrinkled face, a young people with a cold gaze showing disdain for everything, and a rural girl with her head bowed in contemplation... These characters were real and simple, with distinctive characters, and the unprovoked, unintelligible or artificial smiles that often appeared in general paintings could not be found on their faces. He painted the unique temperament of the people in northern Shaanxi.<br />
<br />
“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
<br />
"No one will publish these pictures if you take them out now." Jiang Feng said, "Maybe if you lose sincerity, you will get praise. But I think you are on the right way. The artist can't cater to the mass!"<br />
<br />
袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨 的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风 中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手ー丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
<br />
画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于!974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白 描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
<br />
江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他 说:“呵,黄河! ー泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声 音……"<br />
<br />
春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了 !<br />
<br />
担担画<br />
<br />
“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
<br />
美术界ー些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头 角,施展オ华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任 河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各 种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是ー个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。 这个磨砺精深的艺术家,就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
<br />
乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
<br />
在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现 了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,ー头不驯服的长发 如垂下万根烦恼丝。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁 了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
<br />
他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
<br />
兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
<br />
兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议 事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就 是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
<br />
1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机 会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
<br />
他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了 妻子,全家人像过节ー样快乐<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
<br />
“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
<br />
女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
<br />
“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
<br />
他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
<br />
兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
<br />
丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注ー掷了 !”<br />
<br />
是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举 动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一 个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使ー颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴ー样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,ー针针,ー线线,直缝到天 色薄明。<br />
<br />
“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
<br />
“三个月吧。”画家说,“你ー个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
<br />
妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
<br />
这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府一景洪。他被西双版纳惊 人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林 绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水 晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁 着珠光宝气。<br />
<br />
有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天 堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾 洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
<br />
他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地。招待所的服务人员很 有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进ー间中等客房。<br />
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画家开ロ就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
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服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
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“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
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“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
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“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
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他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下ー步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各<br />
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的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
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幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出 的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
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云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族 的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
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好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的 背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有!40多斤重。小伙子看了直 抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
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袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
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瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
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奏鸣曲<br />
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瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
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呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
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那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝ー样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
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就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
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西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰 富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住 兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在ー棵树 前,一画就是一整天。<br />
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“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
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“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古 老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
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袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。 每ー笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家 的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小 虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理 昧 <br />
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中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来オ深有感 受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
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画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在ー起的<br />
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他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情 而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
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每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。 晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛 着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗 条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
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“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银 铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她 们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露ー截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使 她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后ー盘,自然地溜向ー 边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
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少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来ー阵阵悠扬 的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在 纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
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诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就 在苦苦思索ー个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
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美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出 你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
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面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我 感受却不尽相同。ー百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,ー百种不同的表现方法。<br />
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艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。<br />
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从夏末到中秋,他在ー串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勧定的一个偏僻的 小村寨。<br />
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这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上 开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本 寨的荣耀。<br />
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同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无カ同病魔 斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是 “鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者ー商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那<br />
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些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
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“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的ー 瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精 粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的 请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起 画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
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小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的 经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂 痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在ー起进餐,然后由男方挑着担 子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱 护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像ー泓溪 水那样清澈。<br />
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一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清 脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的 手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
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这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在 古老的贝叶经里的传说一从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘 据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑 娘们生出ー计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头ー沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒 醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。 一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使 自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
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晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这 万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
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广为流传的神话传说,往往是ー个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到 的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑 海里汇集,逐渐熔化为ー团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳 美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地 多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西 双版纳。这是ー个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、 秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条一单纯与丰富高度和谐地统ー!<br />
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他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的 独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。 那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的ー组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
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昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘 绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
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公主啊!<br />
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你是ー颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
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但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
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把宝石镶在我的心上 <br />
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他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
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二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
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袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
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兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心 开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画 不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
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画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失 火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
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其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们 忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
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画家在长春的ー个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁 愕然了。<br />
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这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰 英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出ー个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗 震棚挪动着……<br />
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显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的 艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
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朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那<br />
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位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道<br />
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壁画之梦 <br />
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The Dream of Murals<br />
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不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。 <br />
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At some point, through the glass window covered with ice flowers, a hazy blue light came in, like a fairy stretching out her white arms and lifting the veil as soft as a dream.<br />
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屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀一样扑朔不定。 <br />
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The room seemed bright and dim, with faint yellow glow of the electric light and murky air around, and the glow fluttered in a haze of smoke like wings.<br />
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他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。 <br />
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He wagged his head vigorously, and rubbed his eyes. The paintings on the table turned into a white mist, rising and spreading. Everything was blurred.<br />
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他搞不清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里…… <br />
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He didn’t know whether he was awake at the moment, or vaguely in a dream...<br />
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昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。一抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从梦境回到了现实的世界。 <br />
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Last night he slept too late and smoked too much. Or rather, he didn't sleep, just lying next to the messy paintings and ashtray full of cigarette butts on the table for a while. When he looked up, it was dawn. The first ray of morning sunlight caressed the buildings in the suburbs of Beijing. He pushed the window open, and let the cold morning breeze chase away the fatigue of the night. He went back from the dream to the real world.<br />
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这是1979年1月,在北京白家庄。 <br />
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It was January 1979, in Baijiazhuang, Beijing.<br />
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袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和工艺美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得到了推荐,也在被邀请之列。 <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing on his way home from a six-month-long trip to Yunnan. A great joy forced him to stay in Beijing. At that time, the new terminal building of Capital Airport was like a magnificent crystal palace going up in the eastern suburbs of Beijing, equipped with the world's most advanced technology. The spacious and comfortable departure lounges and restaurants, automatic doors, baggage carousels, weight scales with electronic digital display, special quartz clocks made by Seikosha, high-efficiency indoor air conditioning devices, precise navigation and communication systems... They constituted the magnificent air gateway of the capital, whose degree of modernization was unparalleled in China. In today's world, modern architectural design was integrated with exquisite art decoration, and the ancient mural art was revived, accommodating with the development of construction industry based on new industrial technology. People in charge of the capital airport were managers of the new enterprise indeed. They invited more than fifty excellent artists as well as arts and crafts workers, led by Zhang Ding, the dean of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, to create a large modern murals for the terminal building. Yuan Yunsheng, who had been silent for more than two decades, was lucky enough to be recommended and was among the invitees.<br />
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随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使一些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单一些,拿他的话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。” <br />
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With the opening of a crack in the window of ideological liberation in early 1979, the close relationship between literature and art and politics, which was very hot, was gradually adjusted over the years, making some artists calm down. They reconsidered the old and difficult proposition of the relationship between literature and art and politics, and denied the claim that literature and art was subordinate to politics. Their intentions were kind and peaceful, unwilling to use the arrow of art to touch sensitive political issues to avoid being blamed for something other than art; at the same time, they hoped to escape from the influence of the wind change and maintain the relative stability of the range of art, without rising or falling like a floating feather. But Yuan Yunsheng thought more simply, in his words, "Art is art, which needs to be sincere."<br />
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袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节——生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻辑和客观条件应运而生的。 <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng's large mural design ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', was born based on this simple logic and objective conditions.<br />
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候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的一块地方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴的哲理。他决定抦弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。” <br />
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A large wall of the passenger’s dining room in the terminal, together with a corner, was given to him. What a big space! He stood before the white wall, astonished and delighted, wanting to pour out all the words in the heart to this wall. Artistic creation always spared no effort without reservation to present the most beautiful part of the artist's feelings of the mind. For more than twenty years, the language of art and life he had accumulated resounded in his heart like a surging river, and the unforgettable impression he had from his trip to Xishuangbanna was the climax of the good things and the leaping wave of his whole life experience. At that time, the only subject he thought of was the Water-Splashing Festival. The myths and legends he heard, recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra condensed the emotions like flames, the free imagination and the clear and pure philosophy of the tropical ethnic group. He decided to abandon the conception of genre and narrative paintings and used the lines he had practiced over the years to express the people's desire for a future of freedom and happiness. He said, “It is a pleasant surprise for me to paint a mural praising the spirit and sentiment of the Dai people on a huge wall with 27 meters wide and 3.4 meters high."<br />
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主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知命运如何? <br />
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Artists who advocated art for the sake of politics could also attribute this subject to politics. However, this idea, after all, left the specific political context and contained the deeper and more distant time and space as well as timeless themes. If it was in the past, such an artistic conception would have been intervened by politics and would have been accused of rebelling against orthodoxy. What was his fate this time?<br />
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袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境…… <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng's brother, Yuan Yunfu, gave him a room in his apartment in Baijiazhuang, which was both a bedroom and a studio. However, the small bed was rarely used. He spread out his sketch and entered a dream, a dream of flowing lines and beautiful colors...<br />
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在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统一。那座大门却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门搏斗,一支接一支地吸烟,一张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。 <br />
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In the dream of art, there were also untold troubles. Apart from anything else, the door in the wall of the dining room was annoying. Originally, the artistic language of mural should be harmonized with the artistic language of architecture. The door, however, divided the wall and become an obstacle to the artistic conception. He spent the whole night fighting with the annoying door, smoking one cigarette after another, and drawing one sketch after another. His brother lived in the room opposite to his room, who could see the light coming from the crack of the door all night long, and the smell of smoke wafted up. And his energy, effort and life were consumed in the light blue smoke. The next day when the door was opened, his face was pale.<br />
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“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。 <br />
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"How can your body stand it!" Yuan Yunfu said.<br />
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“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……” <br />
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"It's doesn't matter." He smiled faintly, "I get used to it..."<br />
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在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出一股韧性。为了重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟此时的心情。 <br />
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In the eyes of the elder brother, his younger brother was a completely different people than before. On the night more than twenty years ago, when Yuan Yunsheng told his brother that he was classified as a "rightist” in the same room, his round face was full of innocence, as if he was telling a light anecdote. Now, that face had experienced the hardships and troubles of life, stumbling on the rugged road, and had become angular with a stern look, revealing a resilience. In order to regain this opportunity to create in Beijing, what a price he had to pay! Yuan Yunfu understood his brother's feelings at this time.<br />
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整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法——“拱桥的两头很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》） <br />
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All day long, Yuan Yunsheng locked himself in his room and had a dream of mural. He was inspired by the familar principle of the arch bridge in the suburbs of Suzhou, and found a way to cross the gate -- “The two ends of the arch bridge are very heavy, holding the towering and thin top. It is stable in mechanics, and how beautiful the curve like the rainbow is! The idea of constructing a rainbow of people with the activities of the Dai people is fascinating..." (quoted in ''Art Research'', Issue 1, 1980, Yuan Yunsheng: ''The Dream of Murals'')<br />
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实现这个迷人的想法,真是一项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每一个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了…… <br />
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It was a huge project to realize this fascinating idea. The splendid and colorful images of the Water-Splashing Festival came to his eyes: carrying water, sharing water, splashing water, dancing, boat racing, bathing at night, the quiet family life in the bamboo house of the Dai people and the young men and women who didn’t want to leave with each other in the jungle after dusk... Hundreds of characters appeared under his brush, and each of them was vivid and true. At the same time, it was decorative, exaggerated, personalized, and full of lyricism. The sketch was longer and longer, and the crowds like the rainbow were stretching out. The painter, who was immersed in the frenzy of his creation, seemed to be accompanied by music in his ears. He grasped the brush as if grasping the baton of the symphony orchestra, to express the shifts of melody and rhythm through the flowing lines, and the solemn, fervent and tenaciously upward theme song gradually rose up...<br />
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又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还有灯光。 <br />
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It was another early morning that Yuan Yunfu, who lived in the opposite room, woke up from his sleep and saw the light under the door of his brother’s room.<br />
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这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧…… <br />
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Yuan Yunfu was also very tired these days. He also participated in the creation of murals at the Capital Airport, painting the first draft of ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan''. If he was exploring the path of art with his experience and artistic accomplishment, his brother was sprinting with his life. Half a month passed, in fifteen days and nights, the light in the opposite room did not go out. What an amazing perseverance! Even the golden stone should cry for his sincerity of the art... <br />
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对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀! <br />
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A light blue smoke was coming from the opposite room with a heavy coughing sound, each hoarser than the last. However, he was still painting, and still smoking incessantly. The coughing sound could be heard without end, and it was heart-wrenching to hear it in the silence before dawn. He was destroying the foundation of his health to build a spiritual building, and the lines on the sketch were clearly the blood streak of life!<br />
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天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休息几天,回长春去过年吧。” <br />
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After dawn, Yuan Yunfu said to his brother, "You probably forget that the day after tomorrow is Lunar New Year's Eve. I advise you to take a few days off and go back to Changchun for the New Year."<br />
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袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用。第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制。” <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng shook his head, “I don’t have enough time. Although the second draft was drawn, but I haven’t had time to copy it."<br />
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“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。” <br />
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"You don’t care about your own body, but you have to think about Lanying.” His brother said. "You have been away from Changchun for more than six months. It is unreasonable for you not to go back for the Spring Festival."<br />
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提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能在家待几天?” <br />
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When it came to Lanying, Yuan Yunsheng was no longer obstinate. On New Year's Eve, he rushed back to Changchun. Lanying asked him, "How many days can you stay at home this time?"<br />
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画家说:“春节一过,还得讨论画稿。这一稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了。” <br />
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The painter said, "After the New Year, I still have to discuss the drafts. I have not made a copy of this one yet, so I brought it back home."<br />
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兰英叹了一口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……” <br />
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Lanying sighed, "So, even in the Spring Festival, you still can’t have a good rest..."<br />
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画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。” <br />
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The painter said, "It's not difficult to copy, but it takes time."<br />
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兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?” <br />
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Lanying thought about it, "Well, can I help you?"<br />
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画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。 <br />
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The painter looked at his wife with affection and nodded.<br />
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这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下一个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹…… <br />
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This was the first time that Lanying was directly involved in her husband's artistic creation. At night, they turned on the lamp, set up a glass plate, laid out a translucent copy paper, and copied the painting of the Water-Splashing Festival together. This work, which celebrated the Dai people, also left traces of a Han woman's feelings...<br />
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从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
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From the first to the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, they spent their time in this way. Lanying and the painter stayed up late together.<br />
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忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴云笼罩着...... <br />
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The busy painter did not even notice that Lanying's thin face was more withered, covered by the heavy cloud of illness...<br />
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牛皮纸 <br />
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Kraft Paper<br />
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春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。 <br />
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Just after the Spring Festival, Yuan Yunsheng returned to Beijing with the colored design.<br />
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绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
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Preparations for the mural painting were under way intensely. In order to get the best artistic effect, Capital Airport imported a batch of acrylic paints from Hong Kong. This was a new painting material popular in Europe, America and Japan in recent years. It had bright and soft color, strong covering power, and was suitable for multi-layered sfumato and foil, and maintained the stability of the color of the painting for a long time under various conditions of wetting, drying, hot and cold.<br />
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参加《泼水节——生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
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Lian Weiyun and Fei Zheng, two collaborators who participated in the painting of ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', also arrived in succession. They were both accomplished middle-aged artists. After looking Yuan Yunsheng's design, they were impressed by the charm of the combination of traditional techniques of Chinese painting and western modern art, and were interested in it and eager to have a try.<br />
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脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。 <br />
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The scaffolding was set up and the walls were covered with solid backing cloth. Everything was ready and it was early summer. One day in June, Lanying came to Beijing from Changchun.<br />
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兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的一次妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。 <br />
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This time, Lanying made a special trip to Beijing to see a doctor. In fact, her condition had already been discovered. In a gynecological examination before the Spring Festival, the doctor felt an obvious foreign body in the uterus. Because her husband was away and she needed to take care of the children, her illness had not been treated. Recently, due to the rapid aggravation of her condition, she had to go to a large hospital in Beijing for a diagnosis.<br />
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在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻待在一起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮工。 <br />
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While waiting to see a doctor, Lanying and her husband stayed in a newly built hotel for international flight crews at the Capital Airport. The room was small but comfortable with spring beds, a bathroom, and shutters in the ceiling also indicated that there was air-conditioning equipment. Since her marriage, Lanying had never lived in such a high-class accommodation with her husband. However, the time the couple spent together was still limited. Every day, when the first purple rays of the morning sun came in through the curtains, Yuan Yunsheng turned over and got up, hurriedly wipded the face. The sound of rushing away footsteps could be heard in the corridor. After a busy day, it was already late at night when he returned, covered in sweat and paint, like a house repairman who had just climbed down from the scaffolding.<br />
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好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是出乎意料的,几个月以前的一小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到癌——恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢? <br />
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Finally, it was the day of diagnosis. When Lanying got the diagnosis, moving tired steps out of the hospital, she felt her body and mind sinking downward, as if sinking into a bottomless abyss. The rate of the development of the disease was unexpected, a small foreign body a few months ago had grown into a big lump. Lanying herself was a surgeon, with professional knowledge and clinical experience, who understood the seriousness in the rate of deterioration of the disease. She thought about cancer--malignant cells tended to cause malformed expansion, while benign tumors were relatively steady; if it was not cancer, it was just a fluke. She walked slowly, and her mind was empty, the grey mist floating and sparks of consciousness flickering on and off. She felt painfully, intuitively, that the defenses of her health had been destroyed by everyday’s pressure because of excessive worry and fatigue from chores over the years. Did her lover, her children and everything in the future still belong to her?<br />
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她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了候机大楼,站在脚手架旁…… <br />
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She went back to the airport. The painter could not be found at the accommodation during the day. She stepped across the long asphalt road, entered the terminal building, and stood by the scaffolding...<br />
<br />
大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着一场真正的建设——脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。 <br />
<br />
The lobby was spacious and solemn. The new glass windows reflected the blue sky, and the abundant light rushed in and then spread out, softly scattering on the four walls. Here, in the heat of June, there was a real construction going on--the huge structure of scaffolding climbing up to the roof; on the ground, brushes, palettes and paint buckets were piled up haphazardly, showing how busy the art site was.<br />
<br />
兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在…… <br />
<br />
Lanying looked up and found her husband's figure on the scaffolding. He bent over, holding a brush in his hand, sketching on the wall. His long black hair hang down from his forehead, swinging ceaselessly in the air with his body, as if a cellist holding the bowstring was absorbed in the enchanting music he was playing, and the world around him no longer existed...<br />
<br />
兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,一个艺术赤子的オ华、智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。 <br />
<br />
Lanying stood there dumbfounded. Here and now, perhaps only she could deeply understand her husband's state of mind. From the tiny world of that humble room in Changchun to this grand and spacious lobby, the talents, wisdom and suppressed ambition of a man who was loyal to art broke away from all fetters and poured out. He even wanted to put his hot life into the tip of the brush, pouring, splashing and melting into the picture in front of him.<br />
<br />
墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华! <br />
<br />
Various lines on the wall presented the dense jungle in Xishuangbanna, full of vitality. With the movement of the brush, like the process happened in color developer in the darkroom, the images of several Dai women gradually became clear. Their stretched waists, flexible arms, and action of strong inclination added the sense of motion of the scene of water splashing. Lanying seemed to hear the cheerful rhythm of the small gong and the exciting drumbeat of the elephant-foot drum. The hazy expressions in the women's faces had infinite yearnings. Thus, the dead wall became alive. It was the artist's passion for life was shining, the reproduction of a beautiful vision. The limited life of the artist was sublimated in the meaningful art!<br />
<br />
站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。 <br />
<br />
Standing behind the art stage to see the art was the easiest to touch off the aftertaste of life. <br />
<br />
兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得到了精神的补偿。 <br />
<br />
Lanying felt relaxed, and the heavy feeling like being clogged with lead when she left the hospital was alleviated. Art had already intruded into her destiny, turning her from an outsider into an insider. She got spiritual compensation from the breath of artistic creation.<br />
<br />
这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查有结果了吗?” <br />
<br />
At this time, the painter climbed down from the scaffolding, spotted his wife at a glance, and walked quickly towards her, "Did you get the result of the examination at the hospital?"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说......” <br />
<br />
Lanying said. "Go on with your work. I’ll talk to you when we came back..."<br />
<br />
妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。” <br />
<br />
The peaceful face of his wife reassured the painter. He said, "You should stay in your room and have a good rest."<br />
<br />
“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
<br />
"I'm not tired. Lanying smiled faintly and said with studied casualness, "What can I do for you?"<br />
<br />
Chapter Two<br />
<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对一对画稿上的人物动作。” <br />
<br />
The painter seriously considered for a moment: “Oh, I need you here. Please imitate and check the action of the characters on the sketch for our reference.” <br />
<br />
“好吧。”妻子应允了。 <br />
<br />
"All right." The wife agreed.<br />
<br />
兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容…… <br />
<br />
Lanying made various body movements on the painter’s instructions. Fortunately, she was an active member of the literary and artistic activities twenty years ago with a little dance skills, natural movements, and an ideal slender body. It consumed a lot of time, and the painter looked left and right, directing Lanying's posture while examining the characters on the sketch. For Lanying, who was ill, it was an excessive burden. But she maintained a dignified posture with great endurance, and a serene smile appeared on her pale and tired face...<br />
<br />
几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为一个外科医生,如果给自己开一张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的一桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カ一搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏在心底很久很久了。 <br />
<br />
A few days later, Lanying boarded the northbound train and left Beijing. Her husband went to the station to see her off. Until the moment before her departure, the wife did not tell her husband about her illness. Lanying repeatedly considered the gains and losses. As a surgeon, she would not have hesitated to write “hospitalize immediately and surgically remove" if she had given herself a treatment order. The key to the treating a relentless tumor, whether it was benign or malignant, was to treat it in time.But she thought of her husband, and a wonderful career beyond him. Once she was hospitalized for a major surgery, her husband would not hesitate to accompany her and serve her, because she had no other close relatives in this world. In that way, the painter's work would stop, or at least be influence. Her husband was struggling on the difficult road of art and could not be delayed. Lanying had to give up her treatment, even if it meant the hope of life, in exchange for the extension of the artistic life. This idea, from the day she fell in love with the painter, had been buried in her heart for a long, long time.<br />
<br />
一声长笛,列车开走了,载着一颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾霭中...... <br />
<br />
With a whistle, the train drove away, carrying the heart of an ordinary but great woman, and disappearing in the fog...<br />
<br />
袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,一株热带丛林特有的鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像是在为自己的青春而骄傲…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng and his collaborators worked hard and four months passed. The painting work was coming to an end. Turning a corner of the wall, a view of Xishuangbanna at dusk appeared. In the light blue glow, there was a Passionfora edulis unique to the tropical jungle. Its luxuriant branches and leaves were like a cluster of hydrangea, forming a beautiful screen. Dai girls Girls who took a bath at night, holding a clay pot, poured clear spring water on their body. They wore their long and undulating hair down to the ground, which seemed like the ripples of water flowing from high mountains. After the bath, the girls were combing their long hair with a tender smile on their face, as if they were proud of their youth...<br />
<br />
环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。 <br />
<br />
Surrounding the girl's bodies were a few flowing lines, which were the outline of the clothes that was sketched out in the draft. The painter was still uncertain how to handle them. In the process of painting, the onlookers who came and went through the lobby paid special attention to the girls taking baths at night on the wall, wanting to see whether they would be clothed or not.<br />
<br />
洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。“我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的一种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况他画的是神话传说而不是习俗…… <br />
<br />
It is a common knowledge in life that taking a bath (rather than splashing water) needs to take off clothes. In life, Dai women were more innocent. During the days in Xishuangbanna, the painter bathed many times with Dai men and women at the well and in the Lancang River. They were natural and graceful, treating nudity as a as a creation of nature, so they did not feel it was very mysterious. “I admit that I have more conservative thinking.” Yuan Yunsheng said sincerely, “Because of this, I am more respectful of them.” In the history of painting, the language of nudity was an artistic language with rich expressiveness. Represented by Venus in ancient Greece, it developed into an independent aesthetic category. Similarly, using the language of nudity to express the author's worship of women and the praise for life became necessary for this particular scene in the mural. Not to mention that he painted myths and legends rather than customs...<br />
<br />
看来,画家打错了主意? <br />
<br />
It seems that the painter got the wrong idea?<br />
<br />
在一些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和犯罪搅成一池浑水。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of some people, the style of nude was a “evil custom of barbarians” in the west! The richer the material life of the west was, the poorer the spiritual civilization was to the extent that the body was not covered by clothes. On the contrary, the great revolution of spiritual culture and the great retrogression of material production occurred at the same period in our country. In the past ten years, people’s vision had been highly purified. Chinese women did not even want to wear skirts, cheongsams, or tight-fitting shirts, and wrapped themselves up tightly so as not to show their changeable lines. By doing so, they would not stain the eyes of others and desecrate their bodies. However, treating aesthetics as the result of getting rid of evil concepts did not improve the morality of the society, but brought spiritual impoverishment and degradation. As a result, just like the pure springs turned into muddy currents, art and crime were mixed into a pool of muddy water.<br />
<br />
盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。 <br />
<br />
In the height of summer, when the scene of “bathing at night" stood out, although the images of these young girls were decorative, symbolic and simple, it still caused a stir.<br />
<br />
这并不显眼的一角却引来一批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
<br />
This inconspicuous corner attracted numerous viewers, including curious people, anxious people, passers-by and spectators. People were talking about it in different tones, surprised, harsh or vulgar...<br />
<br />
这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不韪了。如要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的一场争论。 <br />
<br />
It was the first time in years that a nude appeared on modern Chinese murals. The author did a wrong thing that was considered as a big one at the time. If he wanted to solve dispute, it was easy, lifting the brush, smearing a few strokes, and dressing the figures in blouses and skirts, which cost nothing. Then he and his whole family would be blessed and away from misfortune. But he was reluctant to do that. He thought of a controversy in history over the issue of nude art.<br />
<br />
六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的一班轻薄少年、无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军阀败北。 <br />
<br />
Sixty years ago, a group of courageous painters in Shanghai were reviled for using nudity in their teachings and creations. At that time, the newspapers published many critical articles, saying that the painter “offended public decency”, “wanted to make the women of the world into a shameless position" and “broke down the boundaries between Chinese men and women”... And at that time, a group of libertines and loafers in Shanghai took nude photos for sale, which provided handles to trolls. Until the warlord Sun Chuanfang was angered, the painter was wanted by telegram. The painter concentrated all his efforts on rising to the challenge without fear, and wrote articles saying that “Scoundrels made nude photos and obscene picture of prostitutes to attract others for profit, I am very sad... Why Private Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts is blamed? Why I am blamed?” "I advocated that ambition of art shouldn’t be takev away... Although I have to defy all difficulties and dangers, I will never refuse.” The struggle ended in victory for the painter and defeat for the warlord.<br />
<br />
历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的一桩旧案犹未了结。 <br />
<br />
History had gone by more than half a century. Times were different, but an old case in the art world was not settled yet.<br />
<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思想解放!” <br />
<br />
"What we encountered is no longer a body issue.” Yuan Yunsheng said to his companions, “It is related to the ideological liberation of the art world!"<br />
<br />
他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。 <br />
<br />
They insisted on making no changes. This detail in the murals was used as a stone of exploring and was thrown on the path of artistic spring presented in front of them after the smashing of the "Gang of Four".<br />
<br />
舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事…… <br />
<br />
After all, the pressure of public opinion was too great. In order to provide a peaceful environment for the painter to paint, the airport and the construction company were kind to cover up the doors and windows of the lobby while the painting work was still incomplete. Thus, the modernized doors were covered with thick kraft papers produced in the traditional way in China, and the murals painted in imported acrylic paints were hidden in a dull yellow glow of classical colors. The painter was at peace for the moment and went on with their unfinished work...<br />
<br />
不是结尾 <br />
<br />
Not the End<br />
<br />
10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动…… <br />
<br />
One day in late October, the autumn wind swirled yellow sand, sweeping above the streets of Beijing. Yuan Yunsheng walked down the street quickly, facing the wind, and his long and thick black hair fluttering in the wind...<br />
<br />
首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。 <br />
<br />
The painting work of murals at the Capital Airport had been completed. The artists and art workers, led by Zhang Ding, achieved great success. The papers and TV stations published and broadcasted murals with distinctive characteristics and modern style: ''Nezha Conquers the Dragon King'', ''Song of the Forest'', ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan'', ''The Spring of Science'' and ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life''... It was like a hot whirlwind in the art world and society, provoking intense reactions. Before the Fourth Congress of Chinese Writers and Artists, a group of celebrities from the circles of literature and art, theory, architecture, foreign trade and press and publication came to the Capital Airport to attend the unveiling ceremony and congratulate the artists.<br />
<br />
国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人一进入中国就有一个强烈的印象,这种艺术是一个国家国力的象征。” <br />
<br />
They acquired great recognition from foreigners. Foreign friends stood in the lobby of the terminal building, looking around the four walls with appreciative eyes and saying, "Beijing Airport will be famous all over the world for its murals.” ”It gives people a strong impression upon entering China that this art is a symbol of a country's national power."<br />
<br />
日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……” <br />
<br />
Hirayama Ikuo, a famous Japanese painter, also came to visit. He said that Chinese culture had two peaks in history: the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, and he believed that the third peak was coming. He said to Yuan Yunsheng with a smile, "After seeing your murals, I think Xishuangbanna is very beautiful. I really want to change the plan of this trip and go there..."<br />
<br />
这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰一样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔…… <br />
<br />
These days, Yunsheng was very busy. Meeting with foreign guests, accepting interviews and giving speeches on stage filled up his daily schedule. The lonely days were gone, followed by honors, applauses, and toasts, like stepping from the rugged mountain road to the peak full of flowers... He walked on the street, the wind and sand rushing toward him, and his lapel swaying in the wind. At this moment, contrary to the joy brought by the brilliant success, his face was strangely sad and sorrowful, frozen like ice, cold as a rock. It seemed to have infinite remorse in his indifference...<br />
<br />
呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化? <br />
<br />
Oh, what were you doing for? Were you still not satisfied? Or were you still worried about the change of political wind?<br />
<br />
不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着一个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作是坚定正确的表现。 <br />
<br />
No. He was not worried about that. He was confident. For more than twenty years, he had been tenacious exploring towards a set goal with the sincerity of art. He had never been discouraged in the face of any setbacks. He loved the art of the country, and was classified as a "rightist" because he disagreed with Soviet painting theory. But now people who took the same position were seen as having a solid and right performance.<br />
<br />
他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。 <br />
<br />
He loved the watery towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and took a hit for painting the beautiful scenes of the rural market. But now markets all over the country were more prosperous than they were then. Oh life, many things would be changed after thirty years! He no longer believed in temporary and hasty conclusions. His personality and the personality of his art had been strengthened by adversity, becoming independent of the conclusions.<br />
<br />
那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧? <br />
<br />
So, why were you sad? Why were you depressed?<br />
<br />
只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无望,只等待手术的判决…… <br />
<br />
Just because his wife, bosom friend, backer of his career and partner in distress, was lying sickly in the hospital. It was not until a few days earlier that he learned of the illness that Lanying had hidden from him. After four months of suffering from the disease, Lanying's health collapsed! When she left Changchun, her sick body wasted away, with weak spirit and pale and yellow face. Her female companions, who saw her off, could not see any color on her face, took it as their last farewell, breaking down in tears. At this moment, she lay quietly in a hospital in Beijing, and she seemed tired. Once the burden was lifted from her shoulders, she didn’t have words, complaints and hope, only waiting for the verdict of surgery...<br />
<br />
一个人站立起来了,另一个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南去的列车上一见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下一笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。 <br />
<br />
One people stood up, another fell down, and she fell down for him. Since they met on the southbound train, she made too many voluntary sacrifices. If the wife really could never stand up again, then what was the meaning of her husband's success today for her? She was a doctor, a good wife and mother, and a person dedicated to art. Her contributions could never be rewarded, and she could not leave a mark on any art classic, but only painful memories engraved in her husband's heart.<br />
<br />
画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼眶里滚动。 <br />
<br />
The painter ran down the street to the hospital, a storm stirring up in his heart. His eyes were wet, white tears rolling in his eyes.<br />
<br />
他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:一种是诚实的艺术家;另一种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。 <br />
<br />
He thought of the two kinds of people who were closest to art in the wide world. One was the honest artist; the other was the person who did not know art but was pure and simple, such as his lovely wife.<br />
<br />
他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少一些吗?<br />
<br />
They didn’t have other intention, just for art. To recognize their hard work was the minimum to tolerate the existence of art. But they suffered too much beyond art. Couldn’t they suffer less?<br />
<br />
他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。 <br />
<br />
He walked on the street in Beijing, his tearful eyes shining with anticipation.<br />
<br />
后记: <br />
<br />
Postscript:<br />
<br />
本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又过了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世事变迁未可尽述。 <br />
<br />
After this article was published, the heroine recovered after treatment. A few years later, the hero went to the U.S. alone. And many things had changed and it was impossible to mention them all.<br />
<br />
——作者 <br />
<br />
--Author<br />
<br />
（原载《十月》1980年6月） <br />
<br />
(Originally published in ''October'', June 1980)<br />
<br />
==卷一：10.热血男儿==<br />
<br />
热血男儿<br />
<br />
李士非<br />
<br />
满腔的热血已经沸腾。<br />
<br />
《国际歌》<br />
<br />
ー、能见到袁庚吗?<br />
<br />
在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天,蛇口エ业区和它的领导人袁庚,名扬国内外,越 来越引人注目。<br />
<br />
但是,我接受写袁庚的任务,未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他,手头也没有 积累多少关于他的资料,而且听说采访他很困难:他是香港招商局常务副董事长 （人们因此亲切地称他为袁董）,大部分时间在香港,每到蛇口,都忙得不可开交, 实在抽不出时间接受采访。但是,过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观,听过介绍,看 过录像,袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣,接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口 来,这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。“能见到袁庚吗?”“即使见不到袁庚也要写!”所谓 “冒险”,无非是写不出或写不好,个人面子不好看罢了,比起袁庚和他的朋友们从 事改革所冒的风险,简直是微不足道的。<br />
<br />
仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气,到这里待ー些日子也是值得的。<br />
<br />
“如果你只能待很短的时间,我劝你趁早打退堂鼓,不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆 辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意,开弓没有回头箭,退堂鼓是 不好打的。<br />
<br />
二、夜访梁宪<br />
<br />
在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口,袁庚出国去了,说是7月底或8月初 才能回来。最了解他的ー个人,东江纵队时期就和他ー起工作,现任蛇口工业区顾 <br />
问的许智明,到澳大利亚探亲去了,归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同, “时间就是金钱,效率就是生命”,白天工作紧张,找人谈话很难,晚上访问也要事 先约定,因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰 上袁庚的儿子袁中印,《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意,他马 上说:“有什么好写的?这么多人写过了,要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受 了乃父的影响,不大欢迎采访。“慢慢来吧,我一定要找你的。”我心里说。<br />
<br />
多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙,约定了 一天晚上9点钟去访问エ业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人,穿过海 滨花园,沐着海风,经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边,漫步走向梁宪的住 处。早已听说,他!962年毕业于中山大学外语系,是梁宗岱教授的高足,对法国文 学很有研究。果然,ー见之下,我就感到他是ー个充满艺术气质的人。<br />
<br />
他掏出港币,买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客,然后和我们谈笑风生。<br />
<br />
“你们是文人,我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人,她在中央戏剧学 院教书。我对她说:你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的,但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。 中国像你们这样的文人太多,像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一 句英语,“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙,黄虹坚ー时也 没反应过来,陈宜浩翻译说:“他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑 起来。<br />
<br />
梁宪大学毕业的时候,老百姓正在饿肚子,大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法 国文学的尖子,后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作,比袁庚晚半 年多一点。袁庚很器重他,有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。<br />
<br />
“我去香港的时候,老婆说:最怕你没骨气,没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是 有的,外派干部只要有一点热血,就不是追求几大件,而是感到抬不起头来!<br />
<br />
“刚到香港,每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐,ー串串的,海上漂着偷渡者的尸 体,我们不能忍受,啪一声把电视关了。<br />
<br />
“我们国内建设搞不好,连ー些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们, 心里真难受呀。所以,我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过:’我之所以这么干,是 为了实现我入党时的初衷。’”<br />
<br />
一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿,梁宪又概括地说:<br />
<br />
“我熟悉的人当中,有两个热血男儿,ー个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛,ー个就是 袁庚!”<br />
<br />
好一个“热血男儿” !这个词太恰当了,把这两个人相提并论太好了,我不禁<br />
<br />
怦然心动,觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。<br />
<br />
也真巧,比我年长20岁的刘任涛,是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第 一流的眼科专家,共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长,曾为刘伯承元帅安过义 眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》,改行当了电影编剧,“文化大革命”中在珠 影被诬为“历史反革命”,打断五根肋骨,投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动 期间,他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明,不顾自己的政治处境,不顾没 有任何医疗条件,决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他:“万一失败,你就 是阶级报复,就会重进监狱。”他不听,他终于成功了。“作为医生,我拯救了我的 灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀,立下遗嘱:死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢 复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
<br />
刘任涛和袁庚,经历和事业完全不同,但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身 精神,是多么相似呵!我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚,觉得对袁庚也开始熟 悉了。<br />
<br />
三、“冒险家”<br />
<br />
刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障,要冒风险。袁 庚在蛇口进行改革,要冒更大的风险:两年之前,不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影 地攻击经济特区嘛!<br />
<br />
但是,时代毕竟不同了,今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月 9日,胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区,袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆,和总书记有一 段精彩的对话。<br />
<br />
袁庚:关于改革问题,现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看,凡是搞改革 的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法,最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变 法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪,改良主义,结果六君子被 杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革,我想不会落得前人这样 的下场,我们是在党的领导下进行的,不会有问题吧,我们值得冒这个险!<br />
<br />
胡耀邦:过去的改革是下层少数人去改,领导者、统治者是压制的。现在 不同,我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改,现在和过去根本不同嘛!<br />
<br />
袁庚:我们感到,我们的干部是不大怕群众的,只怕顶头上司,怕上司不喜 欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说,我每次来蛇口,ー上码头,前呼后 拥的,下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒,就会忘乎所以,久而久之, 就不怕群众,不怕下级,因为群众、下级撤不了我的职,我只怕交通部,怕顶头 上司,只有他们才能撤我的职。<br />
<br />
所以,群众监督干部,群众有权选举和罢免干部,这至关重要。我们这里 想搞个改革试点,管委会由群众选举产生,每年投一次信任票,如果不信任票 超过半数,管委会就得改选,个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公 开的、直接的,由群众投票选举的领导班子,就会想群众之所想,急群众之所 急,就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手,就有人自动送礼 上门,如果头脑不清醒,不能自律,就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装 懂,诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部,我相信可以改变一下干部的结 构和干部的作风。我们想做这样ー个不太小的改革,准备冒一点风险。<br />
<br />
胡耀邦:（点头）好!很好!<br />
<br />
袁庚:总书记说了好,我们就记录在案,马上打报告这样做。<br />
<br />
胡耀邦:（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿,在哪 ー出戏里我忘记了,讽刺官僚主义者,他不敢骂台上的官,只敢骂戏台上堂前 的鼓。有一段唱词说:“一棵大树腹中空,两头都是皮儿绷,每天上堂敲三下, R卜咚ゆ咚又ゆ咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛!（全场大笑）<br />
<br />
党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印,想到ー块去了,这在蛇口的发 展史上,是应当大书特书的。<br />
<br />
1983年4月24日,选举产生了蛇口エ业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22 日,按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票?组干处处长虞 德海说:“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的,信任票不足半数就 得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决,一定要搞信任投票。” 投票结果,管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数,袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上,全 部投票公开,任人查阅,尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐,如“某某能力低”“某某 不堪信任”之类,也不加掩饰。<br />
<br />
这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。<br />
<br />
四、“那里不肯放,就辞职!”<br />
<br />
选举产生领导班子,定期举行信任投票,这是袁庚深思熟虑的ー项决定。他深<br />
深感到,不改革干部制度,不改变干部结构,任何改革都无从谈起,“四化”也只是 一句空话。<br />
<br />
有的领导干部,居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人:“你们大学建多大的桥?” 问来访的美国客人:“英国人讲英语,你们美国人讲什么语?”还有人向中央领导同 志汇报他到香港考察的收获:“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯!”如此等等,令人 啼笑皆非。这样的干部,怎能担当建设“四化”的重任!<br />
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蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地）,指挥部只有 二十多个干部的时候,袁庚就开始考虑如何培育ー支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命 化的干部队伍。1981年,他排除阻カ,毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班,从全国 各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说,“我是个冒险家,为了蛇口的改革,我从 全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。<br />
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当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员,委托交通部下属的交通科 学院情报所代为主持,在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、 江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。<br />
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王潮梁!938年出生于江苏无锡,1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计 专业。早在1958年,他就参考外国的资料,在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫 原理,并和同学们一道造出了样品,在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对 飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是,在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年 代,几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机エ厂飞机设 计室任产品主管设计员,那时生产要听驻厂军代表的,而军代表只相信苏联专家和 苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料,翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂, 即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂,也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚 子气,却毫无办法。岁月如流,王潮梁搞了 17年飞机设计,却看到我们的飞机エ业 比印度还落后;又研制了四年的飞翔船,却看不到一艘飞翔船下水,那种壮志难酬 的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会,唯一的名额给了业务上 根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培 训班招生的广告时,他兴奋极了,“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方,去!”立刻把广告 剪下来,郑重地贴在本子上。<br />
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他第一个走进考场,第一个走出考场。笔试、面试,成绩优良。主持考试的情 报所林鸿慈同志下了结论:这是个人才,录取！<br />
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但是,在中国有一个很大的矛盾:生产资料是全民所有制,干部却是单位私有 制。ー个单位可以把ー个或ー批人才冷藏ー辈子<br />
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长江航运科研所不肯放人。<br />
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198I年11月,袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他,向他汇 报了招生的情况,特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。<br />
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袁庚很激动。<br />
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“小王是不是党员?”<br />
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“不是。”<br />
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“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量,开个头,那里不肯放,就辞职!我这 里收。最多就是人家去告状,最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先 例。告到国务院,我们就把这个同志的情况报上去,中央领导会支持我们。新华社 社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开’干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人 在单位不充分发挥作用,又不让调,这个局面不打开是不成的!”<br />
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林鸿慈被袁庚打动了,写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁,同时通过各种渠道 去做说服、疏通工作。终于,用不着王潮梁辞职,单位同意放人了。1982年,王潮 梁来到蛇口工业区。<br />
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五、企业管理研究生<br />
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1982年12月的一天晚上,ー个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
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这是一次事先约定的会见。<br />
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年轻人叫余昌民,刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清 华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生,工作了八九年,深感中国企业管理的弊病 太多,1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年, 专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息,《读卖新闻》为 此发了专稿,登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了,干什么好呢?学校建议他到国家 经委属下的中国企业研究协会去,这当然是个专业对口的美差,但是在武汉工作的 爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候,蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。他每星期上街 去买《深圳特区报》,得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝,如饥似渴地加以研 究。不难判断,蛇口エ业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去!决心下定了,系 里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会,经朋友介绍,他就来登门拜访了。<br />
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会面的一瞬间,两个人互相观察了一下。<br />
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“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗?穿件中式棉袄,和一般的老干部没啥差别,不 是想象中的那个改革家的模样,而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真 的值得?”<br />
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真正的一闪念,没容余昌民多想,袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
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谈话开门见山。<br />
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“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里?”<br />
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“在于体制。”<br />
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“对了!”袁庚兴奋起来,侃侃而谈,“上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦,说 他们要一千人,劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用,那七百是搭配的闲人,你再要, 就再搭配,再多余,反正是大锅饭,大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了,还说这是社会主义 的优越性!这样,工厂冗员越来越多,工厂成了小社会,在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的, 形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ,败坏着我们的民族素质!这样的体制不改革,我们 就没有出路!”<br />
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“我的ー篇论文,提出了企业的素质问题。”<br />
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“有何高见?”<br />
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“素质,好比基本作用,像女排,形成了她们的基本作风,就有战斗カ。”<br />
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“就把ー个企业比作球队吧,假如你是教练,别人随便塞人给你,你怎么办?”<br />
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“我不要。”<br />
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“不要不行!”<br />
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“那我不干。”<br />
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“对了,就得这样。”<br />
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一老ー少,越谈越投机,彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处ー闪而过的那点 疑虑也完全打消了。<br />
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“我们这里可要冒点风险。”<br />
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“正因为这样オ要去,建设好了还去干什么?”<br />
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“你个人有什么要求?”<br />
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“只要求家属ー起去。”<br />
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“这个我们来办。”<br />
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两个月后,余昌民父亲去世,回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化,系里要留他。 企业管理系刚刚建立,工作需要,理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚 飞往蛇口,收不回来了。<br />
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1983年3月,袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客,系里派余昌民随行。系 领导的目的,是让校长对余昌民有个印象,说服他留下来,同时出面解决他家属的 户ロ问题。<br />
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谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口,袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有,余昌 民暗示要做刘达的工作。<br />
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余昌民再一次请求:“校长,让我来蛇口吧。”<br />
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“系里要我帮忙留你,我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。<br />
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袁庚一再要求支持:“刘达同志,把小余给我们吧,我们迫切需要企业管理的专 门人才。”<br />
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刘达心动了。这位参加过“ー二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
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回去后,余昌民给系里写了报告,对系里的教育培养表示感谢,说明清华企业 管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设,这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都 至关重要。<br />
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问题迎刃而解。7月,夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。<br />
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当余昌民到エ业区大楼报到的时候,在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉 着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口,边走边说:“你是研究企业管理的,你先熟悉ー 下情况,有把握了再谈工作……”<br />
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袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信,其中有一段话:<br />
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关于小余的事,同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失ー小余,无妨 大局,蛇口得之,如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下,エ业区将受其惠。<br />
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重感情的刘达,把这封信送给了余昌民,让他留作永久的纪念。<br />
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六、星期天的早晨<br />
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星期天早晨8点钟,顾立基刚起床,洗了脸,正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同 学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的,大家都熬了夜,现在让他们多睡一会儿 吧。顾立基轻手轻脚,唯恐弄出一点声音来。<br />
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“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗?”<br />
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门外传来ー个声音。顾立基一看,走廊上站着ー个六十多岁的老人和一个 姑娘。<br />
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“我就是顾立基,您是?”<br />
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“我是袁庚,蛇口的袁庚〇”老人首先伸出手来,“这是我女儿尼亚,她不放心我 的身体,一定要陪我来,其实我的身体还可以。你看,骑了半小时车子,轻松愉快。”<br />
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顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 他深受感动。<br />
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“我们到楼下谈吧,同学们还在睡觉。”<br />
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楼下有一张靠背长椅,三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨,不冷不热,阳光和煦, 轻风拂面,校园一片宁静的气氛。<br />
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“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会?”<br />
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“是的,现在会员有一千多人了,成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。”<br />
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“还听说你想当厂长?”<br />
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“您的信息很灵通啊,”顾立基笑了, “我是说过想当厂长,为此还惹过ー些麻 烦呢。”<br />
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“什么麻烦?”<br />
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“有人说我是野心家。”<br />
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“岂有此理!想当个厂长是什么野心!’不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’,这 是拿破仑说的还是谁说的? 一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对!”<br />
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“我是学电脑的,但是我感到中国更需要管理人才,所以主动旁听了企业管理 系研究生的全部课程。”<br />
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“到蛇口去吧,我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班,要培养大量的管理人才。”<br />
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“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像,我的心就动了,只是还没下定决心。”<br />
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“现在呢?”<br />
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“现在下定决心了,去蛇口。”<br />
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“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗?”<br />
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有什么困难? 1982年的初夏,社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的,有人在 报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界,影射特区有变成租界的危险,造成一股无形的压 力,因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些,可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的 人在ー起,冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去,下属工厂任他挑选,这 些,对他有一定的吸引力。他自从!967年中学毕业,1968年进上海印染机械修配 厂,十年中当过锅炉エ、车エ、錠エ、钳エ、电エ,当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不 惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为,1974年顾立基和他们争吵过ー 次,挨了批斗,却受到工人们的同情,和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要 毕业了 ,朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查,他是材料组的负责 人,如果不来上大学,早就走上领导岗位了,现在回去,工作安排是不成问题的。但 是,陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大,他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的 是,母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房,姐妹们都在外地,母亲 希望他留在身边,爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
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“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。<br />
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袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口,使他动了感情,他滔 滔不绝地发起议论来。<br />
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“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办ー个工业区 呢?为了在那块地方搞改革,搞全面的改革,从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度,都 要改,不改就没有出路。过去三十年,极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。 1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候,海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体,都是青年,他们为什 么要跑?因为我们穷!<br />
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“’四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’,越搞跑的人越多。ー些村子的青壮年几乎跑 光了,真叫人欲哭无泪!蛇口对面就是香港的元朗,相隔只有6000米,晴天能看到 它的高楼,它就是在我们’十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了, 必须把经济搞上去,这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公 里,对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛,我们改革成功了,对全国就有很大 的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛,无伤大局。当然,我们一定要尽最大的 努力,争取成功,避免失败。我们这ー代人是老了,当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时 候,时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……”<br />
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顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动,身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚,望 着自己的父亲,眼睛也有点热了……<br />
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七、新闻发布会<br />
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顾立基从培训班出来,当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书,1984年4月被聘为 办公室主任。<br />
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7月份我没等到袁庚,因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口,听说顾立基6日 ー早要去香港,5日晚我去登门拜访。<br />
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“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告,我为 了听这个报告,推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的,谁都可以听,欢迎你去。”ー见面 顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗?”<br />
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“恐怕很难,他在蛇口不会待太久,一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告, 你最好陪他回宿舍ーー他儿子的住处,或者宾馆,这样边走边谈,可以谈十来分 钟……”<br />
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我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗?<br />
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不管怎样,先听听他的报告再说吧。<br />
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8月6日下午7点半,袁庚的报告准时开始。<br />
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俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影,大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。 今天这个会也叫新闻发布会,街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂,基本上坐满 了,放眼望过去,都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。<br />
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袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上, 顾立基主持大会。<br />
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ー开始,袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说:<br />
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“大家不要怕,只讲个把钟头。”<br />
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人们笑了,其实怕的是他讲得太短。<br />
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“这次出国访问,历时23天,访问了 4个国家、16个公司、18个城市,从新加坡 开始,往西到英国,再到美国、日本,整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处,受到隆重的、 破格的接待,我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们 四个人,而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化,在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到 做蛇口人的光荣。”<br />
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袁庚一向主张,出国访问要花自己的钱,花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、 软弱的地位。这次出访,他们带了 20万美金的信用卡,足够用了,所到之处都坚持 这个原则,唯独在新加坡失灵了。那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系,但新加 坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检,从飞机场ー直送到最高级的香格里拉大 酒店,袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前,这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫 人;在他之后,住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨）,每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观 什么项目,全部满足要求。临走结账时,酒店经理说:“在你们到来之前,已经有人 付了全部费用。”<br />
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他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁,英国老板们在海员罢エ浪潮的 冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们,给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深 刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说:“我们原打算3年之内种植 20万株月季,把蛇口建成玫瑰之城,现在看来太落后了……”<br />
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这次出访的重点是美国,主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。<br />
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在匹兹堡,大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。<br />
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在蒙特利尔,华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民,交给他一把金钥匙。女 市长在宴会上说:“我是百分之百的中国人,也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说:“我 很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判,就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过, “在经济问题上,兄弟无情,六亲不认!何况是与外国人谈判「’<br />
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在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前,有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过 的曲折。<br />
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还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。<br />
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1984年3月22日,袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说:<br />
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“中央在3月10日下达了文件,大家听了很高兴,但我们不要高兴得过早。不 要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了,但官僚主义、 红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事,还是有的。例如我们正在谈判 的浮法玻璃厂,到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃,为什么不准我们用 最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ?最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局 交涉。她们去的时候,人家一口答应,讲你们回去好了,但等我们企业室派人带合 同去盖章的时候,又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干,他们讲:‘你们派了记 者、作家来,我敢不答应吗?弄得不好,你们要写报告文学,写内参,我受得了 吗,？……”<br />
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真是好事多磨,交涉了九个月,オ过了国内这ー关。<br />
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和美国人谈判,当然不可能用这么长的时间,但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想 而知的。<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂,简直是一座玻璃城!它生产各式各样 的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃,用25磅大锤从20米外打去,地皮都震动了,玻璃却安 然无恙。我们和美国合资,投资ー亿美元,引进一座同样的エ厂,买他的专利,以后 我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点,集中在每年所付专利费 占销售总额的百分比上。<br />
<br />
美方要6%,我们还价4% 〇<br />
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美方降到5%,我们加到4.5%。<br />
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寸利必争,形成僵局。<br />
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袁庚发言了。<br />
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“先生们,我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针,2000年前发明了火药,全人类 <br />
都在享受这些伟大的成果,可是他们从来没有要过什么专利,我们作为后代从来没 有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋,而是觉得光荣。请问各位,那时候你们的祖先在哪 里?恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前,是不是毛特别多……”<br />
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美国人真的低头看自己的胸前,一个个咧嘴笑了。<br />
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“不过各位不要害怕,我的意思不是不付专利费,而是要求公平合理r’<br />
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这是典型的袁庚风格,坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们,说不 定会抗议呢!“你骂我们的祖先,是可忍,孰不可忍ド’<br />
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终于达成协议:4.75%,为期!0年。<br />
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这是相当有利的。某大城市引进ー个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂,专利 费是5% ,时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说:<br />
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“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处,绝不能走 美国的路!<br />
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“世界经济正在衰退,エ业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走,他们还 有点生气,现在停滞不前了。<br />
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“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方,转移到太平洋 沿岸。<br />
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“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了,现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈,今天 下午四点半ー踏上蛇口码头,就感到无比的清新,感到ー草一木都非常亲切。<br />
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“10月1日,蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话,那是大家的 功劳！<br />
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“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的,思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上,我们ー定要 赶上和超过他们!”<br />
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只讲了一个半小时,宣布散会了,大家意犹未尽。<br />
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走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了,我放弃了跟上去的打算。<br />
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ハ、“搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
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8月7日,袁庚开了一整天会,据说8日也不会有空,而9日ー早又要回香港 了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上,我给他写了一封信,说明这一次 如果不能和他交谈,我将等待,直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨,我把这封信 交给了エ业区党委副书记乔胜利,请他转交。<br />
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8日上午,我到办公大楼访问王潮梁,两人刚坐下来,办公室副主任黄振超匆<br />
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匆忙忙地叫我:“袁董回来了,快去见他!”<br />
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我向王潮梁道了歉,说明另改时间,急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。<br />
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工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的,中间隔着大块的透明玻璃,老远就看 见了袁庚,他手里正拿着一大摞文件。<br />
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我和他握手的时候,黄振超在旁边向他说明:“只是见见面,不会占你很多 时间。”<br />
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袁庚却非常随便地笑着说:<br />
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“你是《花城》的?来搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
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一句玩笑话把距离缩短了,而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。我 知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。梁宪说过,前几年在北京开会,有一天袁庚 看了张洁的小说《爱,是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章,问他:“你认识这个作家 吗?咱们把她请到蛇口去!”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所 了解的,“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。<br />
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我也笑着说:<br />
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“我搞的是阳谋,要写你和蛇口。”<br />
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他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下,舒服地往藤椅上一靠,摆出了准备 谈ー阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好,这里问题多得 很,改革每前进ー步都要经过斗争,到处充满着矛盾。”<br />
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我说:“正是这一点吸引了我。”<br />
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“ー个国家没有民主是不行的,而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。 我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国,政治家演说,群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿 扔他,他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的,但这ー套对巩固资产阶级的统 治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底,孙中山是 想搞民主的,他死得太早,没搞成。中华民族是伟大的,但是历史的包袱太重了。”<br />
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半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说:<br />
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“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿,她在美国学企业管理,谈起来也说:在 美国深有感慨,感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重〇<br />
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“美国这个民族,就没有什么框框,我在报告会上也说了,他们的总督牌香烟广 告有一句口号是’想做就去做’,这句话香港也接受不了,译成’应做就去做’〇当 然,想干什么就干什么是不行的,但我们许多应干的事却干不成。”<br />
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接着我问了他的经历,他扼要地做了回答,着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命” 中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时,这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来,<br />
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微笑着站在那里不动,我知道是催他去开会,我们的谈话该结束了。<br />
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黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志,我们马上又赶到 太子宾馆,和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢,对监狱内外情形 都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说:<br />
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“许多人经过那样的折磨,出来就蔦儿了,可是他不,他的劲头反而更大了。”<br />
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我心里说:这オ是袁庚!<br />
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过了几天,乔胜利对陈宜浩说:“袁董看了我的信,答应下次回来再和我谈。” 可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。<br />
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8月25日上午,我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息,急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联 系。但是太迟了,他过了中午又要回香港,而上午的时间已经排满,就在和我通话 的时候,他不得不放下电话去开门。他说:<br />
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“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧,不要紧的,我们没有秘密。”<br />
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我没有准备电话采访,ー时想不齐全,只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字, 他ーー做了回答:“这些也要发表吗?”我说:“不一定发表。”他说:“发表也没关系, 那天我讲话外国人也听了。”<br />
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我说:“将来排出校样,送给你看看好吗?免得事实有出入。”<br />
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“不必了。不要什么都审查,出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的,难免出点差 错。捅点娄子也不要紧。”<br />
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“好了,谢谢您。”<br />
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“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。<br />
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一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观,来到铝材厂门口时,他向学 员们介绍:这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人,23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起 来,大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停エ,ー个工人从高处摔下来受了伤,他的哥哥跑 过去看了看,见弟弟没有生命危险,便又回去干活了。<br />
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袁庚说:“日本不富没有天理!中国改革不富也没有天理!”<br />
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现在我想说:蛇口的改革不成功没有天理!<br />
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九、大鹏魂<br />
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66岁的袁庚,魁梧、潇洒,兼有外交家和实业家的风度,具有一种吸引人的魅 カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢?<br />
拨开历史的迷雾,我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。<br />
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他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园,算 是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。<br />
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1935年,他毕业于广州广雅中学,随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测 量员,他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校,陈济棠下台后,这家军校成了国民党中央军 校的分校。在学校里,袁庚是活跃的足球门将,练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕 业,他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官,ー个个腐化不堪,对民族危亡无动于衷,便愤 然回到故乡大鹏镇,担任第一小学校长,同时兼任地方自卫队教官。<br />
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学校是国民党办的,自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的,但是学校和自卫队中都有 中共地下党员。<br />
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戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚,在当地是ー个重要人物,三种政治力量对他都很 重视。<br />
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中共地下县委书记王文,和他住到ー起,亲自考察他。<br />
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革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
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1939年3月27日,袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党,从这ー 天起,他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。<br />
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当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党 的漫画,刺痛了国民党区党部,他的处境变得危险了,党组织于!939年冬天把他转 移到党领导的抗日游击队,从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子, 像大鹏ー样展翅高飞了。<br />
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抗日战争期间,美军作为盟军,在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组,担任东纵联 络处处长的袁庚,和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示,东纵和美 军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报,对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。<br />
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日寇投降时,英军远在缅甸,ー个海军少将只率领ー营人乘航空母舰赶到香 港。他的兵力不足以维持治安,要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央,中 央复电:为了对付国民党的内战阴谋,坚决撤离港九地区;同时要求在香港设立联 络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判,袁庚不辱使命,漂亮地完成了任务,并成为驻 香港办事处的第一任主任,这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能 想到,历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折,二十多年后,这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。<br />
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十、秦城监狱<br />
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1968年4月6日,袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家,到机关去上班。北京的4月 初,春寒料峭,风沙迷眼,加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报,形成一片肃杀气氛,使袁 庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作,刚告一段落,还来不及喘口气, 就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息,他于愤 懑中保持着镇定。<br />
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回到办公室不久,有人通知:“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门,看到 除部长之外,还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长,面孔板得像 ー座木雕。<br />
<br />
“袁庚,你被捕了!”<br />
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下午,机关召开大会,部长在会上宣布:“袁庚是美国特务,已经依法逮捕。”袁 庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和 刘丹ー,互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周 总理安全的情景,记忆犹新,那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间,周旋于华侨社会 之中,眼睛熬红了,人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场,天理何在?!<br />
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与此同时,汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中,勒令交出所有的钥匙,开始抄家。 翻箱倒柜,从下午抄到天黑,然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时,オ发现三个 孩子被关在门外不准进家,左邻右舍也不敢收留,孩子们在抹眼泪……<br />
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从此以后,袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里,也不知是死是 活,到哪里打听都说不知道。!969年,汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校,孩 子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”,但作为“反革命家属”， 她只能干最脏最累的活,如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎,痛得胳膊抬 不起来,医生建议回北京治疗,干校就是不准。直到!972年初夏,她的大孩子中印 就要下乡插队了,她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服,打点行装,オ被批准。<br />
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1972年7月,袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后,有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去 探监。“他还活着,他还活着!”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。<br />
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汪宗谦心酸地发现,袁庚行走困难,说话声音也变了,而且他不知道当时是何 年何月！<br />
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原来监狱里日夜亮着灯,犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替,失去了时间的概念;<br />
睡觉时只准脸朝外,一条腿总是压在下边,时间长了造成萎缩;长期不讲话,声带都 沙哑了。<br />
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我曾经听说,袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西,只有放风时在天井里看到 墙根的小草。问他是不是这样,他说:<br />
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“不,还有蚂蚁,我对蚂蚁很有研究。”<br />
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这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量!<br />
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汪宗谦见过了袁庚,就为救他而奔走了。<br />
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“没见他不知道他死活,既然知道他还活着,我就怕他死了!问题还没搞清,死 了孩子们都得背黑锅呀!他住在楼上,要到楼下的天井放风,上下都很辛苦,我到 中央接待站去上访,请求把他搬到楼下来,这个要求被接受了。”<br />
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袁庚搬到楼下的ー间房,发现席子底下有一团花白的头发,他判断这里关过ー 个五十多岁的女同志。后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事,王光美 说:“没错,正是我住过的那间房。”<br />
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袁庚出狱,已是1973年9月30日,整整关了 5年半。<br />
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在狱中,睡觉时只要一转身,看守就在外边敲门。夜晚,敲门声常常把人惊醒。 袁庚回到家里,刚一入睡就惊醒了,这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年,这种心悸 病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能,却用了更长的时间。每天,汪宗谦搀 着袁庚,ー步,ー步,慢慢地走,越走越远,越走越快,走了一年之久,两条腿オ恢复 了平衡。<br />
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更可悲的是,有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子,出来不会走直路了,一走就 转圈,连马路也不能过。人啊,人！人的尊严到哪里去了！<br />
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经过一年多的休养治疗,1975年,袁庚被分配到交通部,当了外事局副局长。<br />
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ー恢复工作,袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体ー样活跃起来。<br />
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恢复工作之前,袁庚骑自行车上街,总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道,“不能开 慢点吗” !恢复工作之后,自己也坐上了小汽车,有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了, “不能靠边骑吗” !他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化,在心里警告自己道: “可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀!”<br />
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多年来,这成了他的一个信条。<br />
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十ー、香港第一课<br />
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1978年,做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚,以花甲之年改行搞经济,被派<br />
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到香港招商局担任副董事长。<br />
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招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日,招商局 香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱,从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。 历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长,所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。 从李鸿章算起,袁庚是第29任了。<br />
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香港招商局在极'左‘思想影响之下,经营单一,困守一隅,搞了几十年没有什 么发展。袁庚到任,根据中央定下的“以航运为中心,立足港澳,背靠内地,面向海 外,多种经营,工商结合,买卖结合”的方针,以铁腕大力整顿。<br />
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袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说:<br />
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“我到香港的第一课,就是买了一座大楼,非常便宜,只花了 6180万（港币）。 第一次交订金时,支票2000万。那天是星期五,当时讲好下午2点钟,在ー个律师 楼里,大家一手交钱,一手交货。我们开了 2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的 对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里,发动机都没有停。ー上去之后,大 家一手交货,一手交钱,签字。签完字,对方拿着支票,两个人夹住,下去了。剩下 ー个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度,马上存到银行里去了。 因为明天是礼拜六了,人家银行关门,礼拜天也关门,假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前 不到银行去交那个支票的话,他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支 票交给他。我们的财务去了,他回来向我们报告,他说当时那个场面是很动人的。 当然,我们闭着眼睛也能想到,资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重 视,当时浮动利息是!4厘,三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志,那就 无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去,回家。他没有这个观念!这就是香港第一课。 我也不怕自惭形秽,ー窍不通,我接触经济工作,仅仅是5年多前开始的。但ー开 始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多!招商局的子公司多的是,ー检查,发现支 票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了 ,换了一个华东 财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后,我就给他讲这个道理,ー个礼拜之内他就能够接 受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事,立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后,财源 滚滚而来。……这个’时间就是金钱’,不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我,其实 这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’,它说得比我还 厉害,时间重于金钱!”<br />
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招商局走上轨道,袁庚就考虑进ー步的发展了。1979年初,他和有关同志带 着在蛇口开发エ业区的蓝图,到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志 很感兴趣,当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给エ业区,袁庚还没有这个胆量,只要了<br />
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2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候,袁庚心里默默 地说:<br />
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“先念同志,签吧,您这ー笔下去,将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀!”<br />
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十二、淸新<br />
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1984年8月,蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅,迎面是ー架屏 风,正中间挂着一幅草书,苍劲流畅的书法,引人注目,细看那内容,更是气度非凡。 这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本,把它抄了下来。<br />
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登微波楼<br />
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微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
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时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
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宝安袁庚<br />
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我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
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我有同感。<br />
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蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
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六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
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晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
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啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
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十三、心血<br />
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清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
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ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
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1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
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这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
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施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
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午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
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下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
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厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
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的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
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我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
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我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
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龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
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“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
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“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
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“你有什么打算?”<br />
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“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
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“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
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“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
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在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
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十五、激动的工程师<br />
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7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
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蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
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边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
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“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
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的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
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“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
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46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
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他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
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王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
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袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
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管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
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当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
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“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
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“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
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“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
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“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
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“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
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“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
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“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
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“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
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“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
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了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
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父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
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“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
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当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
<br />
“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
<br />
“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
<br />
“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
<br />
“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
<br />
第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
<br />
12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
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1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
<br />
王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
<br />
“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
<br />
“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
<br />
“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
<br />
“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
<br />
“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
<br />
“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
<br />
“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
<br />
王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
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十六、年轻的总经理<br />
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一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
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说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
<br />
“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
<br />
只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
<br />
她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
<br />
“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
<br />
“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
<br />
“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
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“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
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第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
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“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
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蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
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真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20230630_final_exam_03&diff=15577320230630 final exam 032023-06-11T13:51:06Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 202270081667 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 英语笔译(English translation) */</p>
<hr />
<div>=202270081667 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
==Systematic Literature Review of the English Translation of ''The Analects''==<br />
<center>谢佳玉Xie Jiayu，202270081667</center><br />
===Abstract===<br />
''The Analects of Confucius'' is a classic work of Chinese Confucianism and one of the most authoritative books in Chinese history. It plays an important role in the history of Sino-Western cultural exchange. The English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' has always been a hot topic for study. The author selects 32 articles, including all essays in the last five years and the most cited in the past, and divides them into five aspects: the analysis and comparison of translations, the translator's perspective, the translation of unique cultural or linguistic phenomena, the problems in the existing English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and the dissemination of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West. This paper is a literature review of the achievements made by scholars in this field, which also points out the deficiencies, so as to promote the development of translation of Confucian classics and related studies.<br />
===Key Words===<br />
''The Analects of Confucius''; English translation; Literature review<br />
===《论语》英译研究文献综述===<br />
===摘要===<br />
《论语》是中国儒家的经典著作，也是中国历史上最具权威性的文献典籍之一，在中西文化交流史上起着重要的作用。《论语》的英译一直是学者关注的热点。笔者选用了32篇文章，包括近五年发表的文章和过去被引用最多的文章，并将其分为译本的分析与对比、译者视角、独特的文化和语言现象的翻译、翻译中的问题以及在英语世界的传播五个方面。本文对学者们在该领域取得的成果进行了文献综述，并指出存在的不足，以期促进儒家经典翻译及相关研究的发展。<br />
===关键词===<br />
《论语》；英译；文献综述<br />
===Introduction===<br />
''The Analects of Confucius'' (Lun Yu) is one of the most important works of Confucianism, which records the remarks of Confucius and his disciples. It occupies a very important position in the history of Chinese literature and ideology. It not only has a profound influence in China, but also is one of the earliest works translated into English and spread in the West in ancient Chinese classics, and is also one of the most translated and interpreted Chinese classics.<br />
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The translation of traditional Chinese classics, especially the Confucian classics, was accomplished by the cultural exchanges between China and the West since the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. ''The Analects of Confucius'' was first translated into the Western language at the end of the 16th century. A Latin translation of the Four Books by Western missionaries led by Matteo Ricci was published in 1594. The first English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' can be found in ''The Work of Confucius'' by Joshua Marshman, a missionary, but it is just an abridged translation and is not complete. It was not until 1861 that the first widely influential translation was published, which was ''Confucian Analects'' written by Lames Legge, a British missionary and Sinologist. Since then, English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' have been published, and Western countries have had a rudimentary understanding of Chinese culture. Gu Hongming's English version, which was published in 1898, also has a profound impact. In addition, Arthur Waley and D. C. Lau, a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and others also provide excellent translations. Up to now, there have been more than 40 English translations of The Analects of Confucius, each of which has its own characteristics with different translation methods and different styles. With so many English translations, the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' has naturally become a hot spot of research.<br />
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The earliest essay about the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' was published in 1996 in CNKI. Until now, the study of English translation has gone for more than 20 years. In order to understand the achievements and current situation of the research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', the author collates and analyzes the articles about it in the past five years, providing references for further research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''.<br />
===Literature Review of the English Translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''===<br />
The author classifies and makes statistics on the studies of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. The essays come from China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Google Scholar. The author used the keyword "English translation of The Analects" to search on CNKI, there are a total of 121 academic dissertations and 331 journal papers, of which, from 2018 to 2023, there are 27 academic dissertations and 81 journal papers, 19 of which are published in core journals. In the past five years, the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in foreign countries is much less than that in China. The author searched on Google Scholar and only got a few essays, all written by Chinese scholars.<br />
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On the basis of the searched essays, the author selected the papers published in domestic core journals in the past five years, the 13 most cited essays in the past, and the 5 English essays searched on Google Scholar. After further screening of these essays, 32 eligible essays were finally selected for research. This paper analyzes the achievements of domestic scholars the existing problems and the future development direction in this field.<br />
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According to research, in general, the research of Chinese scholars on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' mainly focuses on the following aspects: the analysis and comparison of translations, the translator's perspective, the translation of unique cultural or linguistic phenomena, the problems in the existing English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and the dissemination of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West.<br />
====The Analysis and Comparison of Translations====<br />
The analysis of translation is an important method to study translation practice. Therefore, there are many essays studying from this perspective. Scholars mainly study translations from three aspects: the study of one translation, the study of two or more translations, and the study of single or multiple translations based on theory.<br />
The study of one translation is mainly focused on the comparison and analysis between the translation and the original. Zhang Defu (2021) analyzed Ni Peimin's distinctive English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. He explored the gongfu orientation and its application of it in Ni's translation and revealed that the gongfu orientation is an effective way to understand the core concepts of Confucianism and interpret the original text of ''The Analects of Confucius'', which has reference significance for inheriting and carrying forward the essence of the thought of Confucian classics and even traditional Chinese cultural classics. The study of one translation can make people more thoroughly understand the characteristics of the translation, and more comprehensively and profoundly understand it.<br />
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The study of two or more translations is mainly a comparative study of different translations. The comparative analysis of different versions is a common topic in the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. Huang Guowen (2012) made a comparative analysis of different English versions of ''The Analects of Confucius'', and mainly discussed the process of translation of classic books, showing that the translation of classic books like ''The Analects of Confucius'' usually goes through two stages of "intralingual translation" and "interlingual translation" based on cases. When translating classic books into modern English, translators should first translate the source text written in classical Chinese into modern Chinese, and then translate it into modern English. This conclusion has enlightening significance for the translation of classical books and research of it.<br />
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Many scholars analyze one or multiple translations based on a certain theory. This kind of essay accounts for the highest proportion, which shows that it is a relatively popular form of study.<br />
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Meng Jian, Qu Tao, Xia Yang (2012) analyzed the translation characteristics of Gu Hongming's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the perspective of adaptation theory and studied how to achieve maximum equivalence in cross-cultural translation under the influence of different cultural contexts. They believed that in translation, the translator should make dynamic adaptations according to different contexts and overcome the influence of different cultural contexts, then conveying the cultural connotation of the original as much as possible.<br />
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Zhang Xiaoman, Liu Yuyang (2018) analyzed Liu Dianjue's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' based on the theory of translation norms. The theory of translation introduces cultural memes into translation, involving many disciplines such as philosophy, linguistics and sociology. Based on this theory, the author analyzed the translation norms behind the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', and believed that the translation is consistent with the expectancy norms and professional norms. They concluded that translation should satisfy the expectations of target language readers and the transplanting of cultural content needs to arouse the spiritual resonance of target language readers.<br />
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Zhou Qian (2023) studied Xu Yuanchong's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the perspective of Eco-translatology. She thought that combing this kind of text with the ecological translation can make the obscure text fully reveal the inner meaning. In the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', Xu Yuanchong fully grasped the translational ecological environment, and achieved the ecological balance based on the adaptation and selection to the translation environment.<br />
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Some scholars made a comparative analysis of the two or more translations based on a certain theory. Chen Yang (2009) compared the three English versions of ''The Analects of Confucius'' with systematic functional linguistics and carried out functional discourse analysis, aiming to objectively evaluate the effect of the translation by comparing the functional parameters of the original text and the target text. The author believed that the theory of systemic functional linguistics can help to explain the choice of language in different versions of ''The Analects of Confucius'', and also provide a certain basis for the evaluation of translations.<br />
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Li Gang, Li Jinshu (2013) chose the descriptive translation studies. Because every translation is a product of a specific historical and cultural context, this theory is helpful to better understand and explain the translation phenomenon. They selected many English versions, analyzed the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the context of Western centralism and cultural centralism respectively, and believed that the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' has realized a gradual process from seeking common to reserving differences.<br />
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Huang Guowen, Chen Ying (2014) used the concept of variation in the framework of Systematic Functional Linguistics, focused on the issues of variation in language use and variation in translation, and made a comparative analysis of multiple English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius''. They believed that there are three types of variation in the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' variation in register, variation in textual structure, and variation in language choice.<br />
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All the above essays used Western theories as guidance, while Yao Cuiping (2022) chose Lin Yutang's translation standard as the guidance, and compared the English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' by James Legge, Waley, and Gu Hongming. The paper analyzed the serious and common mistakes in the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and put forward some suggestions on how to modify them.<br />
====Studies from the Translator's Perspective====<br />
Since the 1970s, under the influence of the "cultural turn", the perspective and focus of the research of translation theory have shifted to the translator to varying degrees, and the translator's identity, status and role in translation activities have been rethought and repositioned, the translator's subjectivity has been gradually highlighting in the theoretical level. (Zhu Xianlong, Xie Baoxia 2006, 65) Therefore, when scholars study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', the analysis from the translator's perspective cannot be ignored. <br />
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Throughout the history of Chinese and Western translation, translation activities have been dominated by specific translation theories in different periods, which have potentially restricted the translator's practice to varying degrees. Therefore, Zhu Xianlong, Xie Baoxia (2006) studied the transition process of the translator's identity in translation activities from the perspective of the historical evolution of translation theory, and analyzed the reasons for the change of the translator's identity from the philosophical level. Translation theory has realized the transformation from language to literature and then to culture, and the translator's identity has also changed from being lower than the author to being considered to play a decisive role in translation activities, and the importance of the translator has gradually manifested. <br />
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Many scholars emphasized that translators hold a principal status. Based on Lefevere's theory of rewriting and Verschueren's theory of adaptation, Xu Jun, Xiao Haiyan (2018) analyzed the influence of ideology and poetics on Legge and Waley's translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and how translators make adaptive decisions in the manipulation of ideology and poetics, and concluded that the process of translation is the process in which the translator exerts his subjectivity under specific conditions of constraints, and the process in which the mainstream ideology and poetics interact with the translator's subjectivity. Therefore, he believed that the study of the English translation of classical works should not ignore the study of the translator's subjectivity.<br />
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Yang Lin (2020) also emphasized the translator's subjectivity, but he focused on analyzing the different strategies adopted by Chinese and Western translators for different translation purposes. Gu Hongming tried to change the image of China in the minds of Westerners, so he adopted domestication in his translation, while Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont adopted foreignization.<br />
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Zhang Xiaoman, Sun Xiaolu (2022) believed that there exists a cyclic transformational dialogue relationship between the author, translator and reader in Gu Hongming's English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', which makes the ideas of ''The Analects of Confucius'' give birth to the new quality of culture in the cyclic dialogue, thus driving the inheritance and transmission of culture.<br />
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In terms of the application of the translator's subjectivity, there is one translator in the history of Chinese translation who has taken it to the extreme. With the aim of promoting Chinese culture, his translation plays an important role in the history of Chinese and foreign translation. He is Gu Hongming, a master of studies of Chinese ancient civilization. Gu Hongming was the first Chinese in the history of translating Confucian classics into English. On the basis of following the idea of the original work, Gu Hongming's translation reflects the translator's subjectivity in many places. Therefore, most scholars chose Gu Hongming's translation as the research object when studying the translator's subjectivity.<br />
====Studies on the Translation of Unique Cultural or Linguistic Phenomena====<br />
Because Chinese culture has a long historical background and unique cultural connotation, some unique cultural phenomena cannot be translated, which brings difficulties to the English translation of Chinese classics such as The Analects of Confucius.<br />
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The core concept words in the book bear the most representative thoughts of Confucianism and have distinct cultural characteristics. Therefore, the translator often has difficulties in finding corresponding words in the target language, or these words have different meanings in the two cultures. The core concept words account for a large proportion of The Analects of Confucius, and whether the translation of these words is appropriate also determines the quality of the whole translation of the book to a large extent. So some scholars choose the translation of a certain core concept for research.<br />
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"Junzi" is commonly used in ''The Analects of Confucius''. Since Western missionaries translated Confucian classics, this word has had many translated versions. Han Xing, Han Qiuyu (2016) analyzed and compared the similarities and differences of the concept of "Junzi" in the popular English translations of James Legge and Arthur Waley in combination with the moral and political implications of the concept itself in Confucian culture. The author believed that Legge's translation "the superior man" is more reasonable, because not only this translation has spread widely, but also Legge's grasp of the concept of "Junzi" is more accurate.<br />
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"Ren" is the core of Confucius' thought, the highest morality in Confucius' ethical thought and the sum of all morals, and ''The Analects of Confucius'' has also endowed "Ren" with rich connotation. Different translators have different understandings and translations of "Ren", and the translation of it plays a very important role in the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', which should be paid attention to. Yang Ping (2008) summarized and analyzed various translations of "Ren", and argued that "Ren" is best translated by transliteration to preserve its spiritual essence and convey Confucius' ideas objectively.<br />
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"Tian" is also a core idea in ''The Analects of Confucius''. Zhang Zheng, Hu Wenxiao (2015) analyzed "Tian" in ''The Analects of Confucius'', and summarized and compared different translations of it. The author believed that "heaven" and "god" not only cannot fully convey the connotation of "Tian", but also easily make readers associate with Western religions. Therefore, using transliteration to translate "Tian" is more concise and appropriate, and annotations and explanations can be added according to specific contexts.<br />
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Guo Yuqing (2022) selected the translation of "Xiao" in ''The Analects of Confucius'' as the research object. The author used LancsBox, a new corpus analysis tool, compared the similarities and differences of the core concept "Xiao" between the two English translations by Gu Hongming and James Legge and analyzed the reasons for the differences.<br />
<br />
Deng Jie (2022) studied the two core concepts of "Li" and "Junzi" that frequently appear in ''The Analects of Confucius'', comparing and analyzing the translation methods of James Legge and Gu Hongming in accordance with their social and cultural background and translation motivation, and exploring the similarities and differences between the two translators in their understanding of Confucian thoughts. It can be seen that scholars advocate transliteration for the translation of core concepts. In this kind of study, the author often evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of each translation on the core concept in combination with his personal interpretation of traditional Confucian thought and put forward his own views, so this kind of study will evitably have the tendency of subjectivity.<br />
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The indigenous concept refers to the unique concept or information that a language community has developed in the course of its history, culture, society and way of thinking. For translators, it is difficult to convey the indigenous concepts to the target language culture. Therefore, Li Guangwei, Ge Lingling (2018) studied the indigenous concepts in ''The Analects of Confucius''. According to Qi Yucun’s criteria of cultural classification, the paper divided the indigenous concepts into three categories: material culture, system and custom culture, and spiritual culture, and based on a parallel corpus, studied the English version of Gu Hongming. The author believed that translators should actively adapt to the different contexts of the target culture at the surface level, middle level and deep level and adopt corresponding translation strategies for different categories of indigenous concepts.<br />
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Culture-loaded words are also a big difficulty in the translation. They are as closely related to culture as the indigenous concepts. Relying on the Chinese ideological and cultural terminology Library under the project of “Chinese ideological and cultural terminology communication project”, Yang Dan (2022) combed and summarized the culture-loaded words in ''The Analects of Confucius'' translated by Legge, Gu Hongming and Arthur Waley, and made a comparative study of different translations from three aspects: language, culture, and communication from the eco perspective. The author believed that when dealing with culture-loaded words, the translator should preserve the style and characteristics of the source language as much as possible, and take into account both the source language culture and the target language culture.<br />
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Some scholars studied the translation of sentences. There are various types of topic sentences in ''The Analects of Confucius'', which are widely distributed. Wang Yong, Qin Si (2022) analyzed the distribution and characteristics of topic sentences in ''The Analects of Confucius'' and studied the translation strategies of topic sentences in the English translation by James Legge. Legge mainly adopted the translation strategy of domestication at the syntactic level, which conforms to the linguistic features of English.<br />
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In addition to the above studies, Xue Bing, Xiang Mingyou (2020) also used DocuScope and relevant statistical tools to make inductive statistics and comparison of rhetorical features in the English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' by Legge and Waley, to analyze the difference in rhetorical effects of different translations. Digital research tools can enrich the existing English translation studies of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in research methods and research perspectives and provide new ideas for translation research.<br />
====Studies on the Problems in the Existing English Translations of ''The Analects of Confucius''====<br />
Some scholars studied the problems in the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. Misinterpretation of the original text is one of the most common problems in English translation.<br />
<br />
Under the guidance of the theory of the manipulation of ideology, Xu Jun (2010) took the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' by Arthur Waley as a case study, analyzed the misinterpretation and mistranslation in the translation of cultural classics, and pointed out that the misinterpretation and mistranslation are closely related to ideology.<br />
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Liu Zhengguang, Chen Yi, Xu Haoqi (2016) also studied Authur Waley's English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', but their focus was on deviations in his translation. Based on the relevant principles of cognitive linguistics, the author analyzed various deviations in the translation process of Arthur Waley from the translator's individual cognitive style, discussed the influence of the translator's subjectivity on understanding the source language and translating from different dimensions and explained the deep cognitive causes of various deviations. Applying the relevant principles of cognitive linguistics to the analysis of "deviation" can, to some extent, trigger scholars to think deeply about "domestication" and "foreignization".<br />
<br />
The view of "Wen" and "Zhi" is an important part of Confucius' ethical thought, and ''The Analects of Confucius'' is the main carrier of it. When translating The Analects of Confucius, the translator inevitably misinterprets it, which will have a negative impact on cross-cultural communication.<br />
<br />
Fang Xing, Yang Yanyan (2019) believed that James Legge's, and Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont's translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' misinterpreted the view of "Wen" and "Zhi". Their paper analyzed the true essence of Confucius' view of "Wen" and "Zhi", explored the reasons for their misinterpretations of it and put forward some solutions. Their study is of great significance for revealing the true meaning of Confucius' ethical thought, correcting misinterpretation in translations, and promoting the dissemination of Confucius' classics.<br />
<br />
Liu Yuyu (2019) paid attention to the problem of Counter-west Centerlism, who believed that it is always a problem that cannot be wiped out. The author analyzed the translation of the keywords "Tian" and "Ren" in Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont's translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. Although the two translators adopt the translation strategy of foreignization, the "otherization" of Chinese culture is hidden behind it. The author believed that overemphasis on cultural differences can not effectively achieve the purpose of Counter-west Centerlism, and it is necessary to eliminate the bias of cultural relativism.<br />
====Studies on the dissemination of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West====<br />
The above essays are to study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from different perspectives based on different theories. In addition to studying the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the linguistic level, there are also studies on its translation and dissemination in the West from the macro level of culture. The translation, dissemination and research of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West can be traced back to the 16th century.<br />
<br />
The translation of Chinese classics is an important part of promoting the dissemination of Chinese culture in the world. The process of translation, dissemination, acceptance and study of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West is a microcosm of translation, dissemination, and acceptance of Chinese culture. Li Weirong, Liang Huina, Wu Suxin (2015) introduced three stages of translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West, including the beginning, the maturity and prosperity and expansion of the translation and research in the West, presenting the whole picture of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West.<br />
<br />
Wang Yan (2010) focused on the development of contemporary Western Sinology. The author believed that the contemporary English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' mainly appeared after the 1990s, which was influenced by the trend of contemporary Western Sinology research. This paper analyzed the development tendency of Sinology in the United States and the characteristics of the contemporary English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. The contemporary English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' not only enriches Sinology itself, but also promotes the dialogue and exchange between Western Sinology and Chinese academic circles.<br />
<br />
Western Sinology appeared in the late Ming and Qing dynasties while the missionaries went missionary works in China. Jiang Zhe (2019) believed that there is a two-way communication between Western Sinology and Chinese Confucianism. The author discussed the English translations and interpretations of “Xin Jin Yu Yi, Yan Ke Fu YE” in Liu Dianjue's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and argued that they fully embody the two-way communication between Western Sinology and Chinese Confucianism. <br />
Gu Huijuan (2019) studied the international communication of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the perspective of the publication of English translation. The paper introduced the translation and publication history of The Analects of Confucius, compared several representative versions, summed up the historical experience from the international communication of Chinese traditional culture, and explored the means of Chinese culture "going out". The author believed that the publication of translation should truly "enter" or integrate into the cultural system of the target language in order to better disseminate Chinese culture around the world.<br />
<br />
Zhang Xiaoxue (2019) collected statistics on the number of citations of English versions of The Analects of Confucius in Google Scholar to understand the influence of these translations, and discussed the influence of the factors of the translator, environment, translation, reader and feedback on the effect of reception of the translation in the process of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. This paper revealed the means to achieve success in the translation of classical works and provided a reference for promoting the dissemination of traditional Chinese culture to the world.<br />
<br />
Qin Hongwu, Kong Lei, Xu Xin (2020) also studied from the perspective of the reception of the readers. The paper compared and analyzed the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and the non-translational Confucian texts for communication, and observed the possible factor influencing the effect of communication of the translations of ''The Analects of Confucius''.<br />
<br />
Liu Hongwei, Wang Xiangling (2020) combined the advantages of other classical communication models, established a new equal intercommunication model of translation and dissemination of traditional Chinese cultural classics, and propose some application principles to promote the dissemination of traditional Chinese culture, which has a certain use for reference in translations and research of Chinese literature.<br />
<br />
Han Fule, Liu Yan (2020) expounded on the dissemination and translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the UK from four periods, and considered ways to effectively disseminate Chinese ideology and culture, which provides reference and guidance for the effective dissemination of Chinese ideology and culture.<br />
===Deficiencies and Reflections on the Study of the English Translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''===<br />
Through the overview of the research results of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the past five years, it can be seen that with the continuous deepening of the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', the perspective of the study is no longer single, not only from the aspects of language, but also from different perspectives such as philosophy, history and culture. With the development of science and technology, more and more scholars use technical tools to study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', such as corpus. Corpus-based translation studies can provide guidance for English translation in terms of vocabulary, translation standards and principles. In addition, the selection of English translations is no longer limited to the most classic translations, and the objects of study are more diverse. Although the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' is becoming more and more mature with continuous study, there are still some areas to be improved.<br />
<br />
Firstly, although the perspective of the study is more abundant, the study on the cultural level is still relatively absent. Even though some scholars pay attention to the cultural level and conduct research on it, they pay more attention to the differences in ideology, and few scholars conduct systematic research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the aspects of philosophy and politics. As a Chinese classic, it was formed with a certain historical and cultural background, so the study of the English translation of it can also be explored from the aspects of history and philosophy.<br />
<br />
Secondly, up to now, there have been more than 40 full English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'', providing a large number of objects for studies. However, most researchers chose the translations of James Legge, Gu Hongming, and Waley, and ignored other translations. Therefore, to study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the future, the first thing to do is to have a detailed and overall grasp of the previous studies, so as to avoid repeated studies, which will reduce the research value. At the same time, for different translations, most researchers only analyzed their differences, and did not summarize the general characteristics and influencing factors of translations in a certain period.<br />
<br />
Thirdly, in terms of combining theories, scholars have chosen many different translation theories to study, but many studies are limited to superficial phenomena without further exploration.<br />
===Conclusion===<br />
As one of the classics of Confucianism, ''The Analects of Confucius'' has exerted a profound influence on the thought and culture of the Chinese nation and has many English translations. Therefore, the study of the English translation of The Analects of Confucius should become the focus of attention. The study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' is different from the general translation studies. It also undertakes the task of the communication of Chinese traditional culture to the outside world. The purpose of it is to improve the level of the English translation of Chinese classics and better promote the spread of Chinese traditional culture in the world. As one of the research hotspots, great achievements have been made in the study of the English translation of The Analects of Confucius. The research contents are increasingly enriched and refined, and the research perspectives are increasingly diversified. However, there is still room for improvement, and it is hoped that this paper can provide a reference for the English translation and research of The Analects of Confucius and even all classical works.<br />
<br />
This paper summarizes the essays on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the past five years, but does not study the foreign studies on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. There are many foreign essays on ''The Analects of Confucius'', but there are few essays specifically on it, so this paper does not involve the current situation of foreign research, and the review is not very comprehensive. In the future, the author hopes to make a more comprehensive analysis of this field in combination with foreign research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''.<br />
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Li Weirong, Liang Huina, Wu Suxin李伟荣,梁慧娜,吴素馨. (2015).《论语》在西方的前世今生 [The History of ''The Analects'' in the West]. 燕山大学学报(哲学社会科学版) Journal of Yanshan University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition) (02) 1-9.<br />
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Liu Hongwei, Wang Xiangling刘宏伟,王湘玲. (2020). “人己通”外译模式与中国传统文化对外传播研究 [Research on Equal Intercommunication Model of Translation and the Dissemination of Traditional Chinese Culture]. 湖南大学学报(社会科学版) Journal of Hunan University (Social Sciences) (04) 99-106.<br />
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<br />
=202270081681 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
==On the Dissemination and Translation of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe==<br />
<center>Zhang Yuyan 202270081681 </center><br />
<br />
===Abstract===<br />
This paper is on the dissemination and translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''( ''Ben Cao Gang Mu'') in Europe. In the wave of globalization, the earth is increasingly becoming a small village. Pandemics such as cholera, the black death, SARS and COVID-19 has made us realize that the promotion of human health depends on the combination of multiple medical systems. In this context, it is necessary to trace back the history of the translation and dissemination of traditional Chinese medicine books, which will undoubtedly further enhance their influence abroad and show the world the splendid traditional culture of China in a more comprehensive way.<br />
<br />
The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was written by Li Shizhen,an outstanding medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty. He himself not only attached great importance to the achievements of previous medical works, inherited and carried forward former experience, but also had original research achievements. As one of the most comprehensive, abundant, and systematic books on traditional Chinese medicine in ancient China, the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has already had a history of over 400 years. It was at the end of the 17th century that it spread to Europe. In the 18th century, there were abridged and complete translations of French, English, German, Russian, and other languages. Later, it attracted in-depth research and received high praise from overseas scholars, and it has been a hot topic to this today.<br />
<br />
Taking the dissemination and translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe as the starting point, the paper will review, analyze, and summarize its major French and English versions from the 18th century to the 20th century. Besides, it briefly divides its dissemination history into three stages-from 17th to the 18th century, the 19th century, and the 20th to the 21st century(Fu Lu 2020), aiming to sort out the context and provide some historical references for medical exchanges in this era of globalization(Gao Xi 2015).<br />
<br />
===Key Words===<br />
the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''; translation;cultural dissemination; historical references<br />
<br />
===《本草纲目》在欧洲的译介和传播===<br />
<center>张玉燕 202270081681 </center><br />
<br />
===摘要===<br />
在全球化的浪潮下，地球日益成为一个小小的村落。霍乱、黑死病、SARS、新冠等大流行的出现，使我们意识到人类健康需要依靠多种医学体系的相互交融和发展。在此背景下，回溯中医书籍翻译和传播的历史，无疑将进一步增强其在国外的影响力，更全面地向世界展示中华民族灿烂悠久的传统文化。<br />
<br />
《本草纲目》为明代杰出医药学家李时珍所著，他既高度重视历史医药著作的成果、继承发扬前人的医药经验，又有李时珍本人原创性的研究成就，《本草纲目》是我国古代著作中论述中药最全面、最丰富、最系统的典籍，成书已有400多年的历史，早在17世纪末就流传到欧洲，18世纪陆续出现了法、英、德、俄等语言的节选或完整译本。随后引起了海外学者的深入研究和高度评价，至今仍是热点。<br />
<br />
本文以《本草纲目》在欧洲的译介和传播为切入点，对其18世纪-20世纪的法文、英文译本进行回顾、分析和总结(付璐 2020），并将《本草纲目》在欧洲的传播史按时间跨度大致分为三个阶段：17-18世纪、19世纪、20世纪-21世纪，旨在梳理脉络，为当今全球化时代的医学交流提供某些历史借鉴(高晞 2015)。<br />
<br />
===关键词===<br />
《本草纲目》;译介;文化传播;历史借鉴<br />
<br />
===Introduction===<br />
Li Shizhen was a famous medical scientist of the Ming Dynasty. After several years of medicine practice, he found that there were many mistakes in ancient Chinese herbal books and decided to recompile one. In the 31st year of Jiajing (1552), Li Shizhen began to compile the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', which was based on ''Classified Materia Medica'' . To ensure the accuracy of the information, he referred to more than 800 books, and investigated many places on the spot. Since the 44th year Jiajing(1565), Li Shizhen had been to Wudang Mountain, Lushan Mountain, Maoshan Mountain, Niushoushan Mountain, Hunan province, Hubei province, Jiangxi province and other places to collect drug samples and prescriptions, figuring out many difficult issues. After 27 years of unswerving efforts and three revisions,the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''， the giant work of 1.92 million words, was completed.<br />
<br />
What is the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''( ''Ben Cao Gang Mu'')? Chinese people seem to be familiar with "Ben Cao Gang Mu". However, once they are asked, few can explain them clearly. Since ancient times, there have been many drugs used to treat diseases, including plants, animals, and minerals,among which there is a big difference in quantity. Herb(cao), a plant, accounts for the largest proportion. Therefore, the ancients had been using the phrase "materia medica"(ben cao) to represent medicine. As for "compendium"(gang mu), the rope used by fishermen to pull up the fishing net is "gang", and the mesh on the fishing net is "mu".When the fishing net is opened, it is called "gang ju mu zhang", which is the original of the word "gang mu"(Wang Qiuling&Si Qintu 2022). When the concept of "compendium"(gang mu) is applied to book writing, it becomes a traditional form of Chinese chronicle compilation.<br />
<br />
The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' consists of 52 volumes, which is essentially a dictionary of ancient medicines（Huang Zhijie 2000）. Based on the theoretical content in the ''Shennong’s Herbal Classic''(Yang Shujia 2021),the first and second volumes are preface examples, in which the viewpoints of scholars from different eras and of Li Shizhen himself are added. It aims to understand the performance, usage principles, and methods of drugs in traditional Chinese medicine. In the third and fourth volumes, the drugs are classified according to their performance and indications, reflecting the spirit of syndrome differentiation and treatment. The remaining 48 volumes are all about drugs, totaling 1892 types.<br />
<br />
===The Translation of Compendium of Materia Medica in Europe===<br />
English translation of traditional Chinese medicine plays an crucial role in the process of internationalization. Accurate translation can express the connotation of basic terminology, convey the medical principles and cultural characteristics, promote the concept of health preservation and prevention, and promote characteristic therapy of traditional Chinese medicine.<br />
<br />
In this chapter, it will analyze the French and English versions of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in the 18th-21st century. In terms of this, the scholar Pan Jixing pointed out in the article ''Compendium of Materia Medica: The East and West''(1983) , ＂Jacques François Vandermonde's ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu'' , Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'' and the works of Bernard Emms Read have partially translated the content of Li Shizhen's ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. ＂As for the complete translation, we can miss the English version translated by Luo Xiwen in 2004.<br />
<br />
====Abridged Translations====<br />
=====Jacques François Vandermonde's ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu''=====<br />
Dr. Joseph Needham, a British biochemist and historian of science, recorded in the Science and Civilization in China (1954)," Jacques Francois Vandermonde, a French doctor, had been practicing medicine in Macao, China for over 10 years. In 1732, he accidentally got a book of ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. According to its recorded drugs, he collected over 80 kinds of mineral samples. Later, with the help of Chinese people, he explained the samples one by one according to the original description of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', and attached them with corresponding labels. He also wrote a manuscript titled ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu'' ,which can be seen as an abridged French translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''." <br />
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Written in French, this manuscript consists of one volume, with a total of 90 pages in the main text. Each paragraph is preceded by a serial number, and the corresponding Chinese name of the drug is written in the margin,such as "zao xin tu"(oven earth) ,"xiong huang"( red orpiment),"gan cao"( licorice). In this manuscript, he extracted and translated the names, origins, properties, five flavors,manufacturing methods, and efficacy of some mineral drugs from the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''.For example, when describing the origin,we have the expression "金牙生蜀郡 ， 如金色者良"(Li Shizhen 1593) in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' and " jinya stone is a golden stone produced in Sichuan "in ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu''. For another example, when talking about property, we have "出煅灶中，如尘紫色，轻者为佳，亦以磨莹铜器用之" (Li Shizhen 1593)in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' and " Iron powder is considered to be the red powder found in casting furnaces. The lightest is the best, and it is used for polishing copper ware "in Jacques Francois Vandermonde 's manuscript. As for manufacturing methods, we have "其法用白锡和银薄及水银合成之，凝硬如银，合炼有法"(Li Shizhen 1593) in Li Shizhen's book, and "This is a mixture made by melting an equal amount of silver and mercury" in the book of Jacques François Vandermonde...<br />
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Unfortunately, the specimens collected by Jacques Francois Vandermonde and his translations did not receive much attention at the time. It was until the year of 1839 that Edouard Constant Biot, a French sinologist, collaborated with friends to analyze those mineral specimens and made the results public. In 1896, with the help of Chinese people(Zhang Xiuping&Wang Xiaoming 1993), F.de Mely and M.H.Courel published the entire excerpt, bringing it back to light.Now, the manuscript has been preserved Museum national d'Histoire naturelle(Needham 1954).<br />
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Generally speaking, when selectively translating, Jacques Francois Vandermonde translated the properties first,and then the origins, production methods, and efficacy. In terms of the translation of mineral drugs, he mainly adopted free translation and translated corresponding elements.<br />
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=====Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise''=====<br />
During the same period, when Jacques Francois Vandermonde's manuscript was neglected, another abridged French translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''- ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', gained great fame.<br />
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Published in Paris and edited by Jean Baptiste Du Halde(Du Halde 1738), this book was co-authored by 27 missionaries in China(Fu Lu&Xiao Yongzhi 2019). It has four volumes, and is a comprehensive work which introduces China from various aspects, covering ancient Chinese politics, religion, etiquette, customs, geography, medicine,customs,flora and fauna,etc. In this book, it also contains some selected translations from the first part of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. In page 437, Volume 3 of ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', there is a volume named ''Excerpts from the Compendium of Materia Medica''- ''Chinese Herbology or Chinese natural history of Medicine'' (Du Halde 1738). It introduces that the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was compiled by Li Shizhen, a Chinese medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty, and explains the details of its publication. In addition, it also selectively translated some 16 kinds of drugs in the book. <br />
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Basically speaking, in terms of the translation of medicine names and prescriptions, Jean Baptiste Du Halde often adopted transliteration or literal translation. For example, he translated "人参'' into "JIN-SENG", "三七'' into"SAN-TSI'', "海马" into"Sea-Horse"（Du Halde 1738），复命汤"into"the medicine which restores lost life. At the same time, there are some mistakes in his translation because of cultural differences and conflicts.In terms of the translation of disease names and symptoms, free translation is often used. For example,"伤寒坏症"is translated into "For malignant fevers","怔忡自汗" into "For the palpitation of the heart, attended with sweating（Du Halde 1738）.<br />
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As the first French version of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' published in Europe, ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', enables European readers to have a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', which promotes European scholars' cognition of the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine, and was a landmark event for the spread of ''Compendium of Materia Medica''.<br />
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===== Bernard Emms Read's translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''=====<br />
Though Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'' has spread widely and gained a lot of fame, it only contains a small part of drug translation in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. Therefore, Bernard Emms Read along with many Chinese and foreign scholars from the Beijing Society of Museums compiled a series of works on the study and abridged translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' at the beginning of the 20th century((Wang Jiming 2011). In this series, there are 8 works, including one botanical medicine work, one mineral medicine work, and six animal medicine works. It also refers to 12 departments of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'',such as "Jinshi department","grass department","grain department","vegetable department","fruit department","wood department","insect department","poultry department","animal department","human department"...<br />
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As for the botanical medicine works, the book ''Chinese Medicinal Plants from the Pen Ts'ao Kang Mu'' ,which is co-authored by Bernard Emms Read and Liu Ruqiang, elaborates on more than 800 botanical medicines listed in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. It also covers the "grass department","grain department","vegetable department","fruit department" and "wood department"(from volume 12 to volume 37 of the original). ''A Compendium of Minerals and Stones Used in Chinese Medicine from the Pen T'sao Kang Mu'' is the mineral medicine work that is co-authored by Bernard Emms Read and C.Pek. It narrates the "Jinshi department (volume 8 to volume 11) in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'',carrying over a hundred types of mineral drugs. In terms of the animal drugs, there are 6 departments in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'',such as "insect department", "squamous department","poultry department"and "human department" .Bernard Emms Read translated it into 6 works for publication.<br />
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In fact,several research works and translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' written by Bernard Emms Read differ greatly in style. As for his translation, only the "name" can be translated from the research works of plant medicine, while the "bone" can be translated from the research works of mineral medicine. It was not until the translation of nimal medicine section that the "flesh" and "form" were truly translated.<br />
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=====The Boom of abridged translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''=====<br />
In the 18th century, the wave of "sinomania" rose in Europe. Once the French version ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'' was published,it attracted the attention of all walks of life and was translated into many languages successively. In 1735, the French edition was sold out.In 1736, its English version ''The General History of China'' was issued in London, which is called Ed. John Watts. From 1737 to 1741, there was Ed. E. Cave(Pan Jixin 1980)... With the translation and dissemination of the ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has been partially translated into French, English, German，Russian(Zhang Shengxin 2003)...<br />
<br />
====The Complete Translations of Luo Xiwen's ''Compendium of Materia Medica''====<br />
At the beginning of the 21st century, the complete English translation ''Compendium of Materia Medica''(Luo Xiwen 2004),which is translated by Luo Xiwen and published in Foreign Language Press, became the first and only complete English translation at present. <br />
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The book totals more than 6 million words(Li Shizhne 1593).As for arrangement, the original work of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' contains 52 volumes The transaltion is faithful to it, and ends up with 6 books. In the first book,it translated volume 1 to volume 4 of the original, involving prefaces of Wang Shizhen, Xia Xin, Zhang Dingsi, Li Jianyuan, "preface examples" and "prescriptions for various diseases".The second book translated volume 5 to volume 14, which includes ''water department","fire department","earth department","Jinshi department",and section 1 to section 3 of "grass department". The third book translated volume 15 to volume 22, including section 4 to section 11 of the "grass department" and the first part of "grain department". While the fourth book recounts volume 23 to volume 34, and involves section 2 to section 4 of "grain department". The fifth book translated volume 35 to volume 46, and contains the second part to sixth part of "wood department" The last book narrates volume 47 to volume 52, including "poultry department","animal department"and "human department".<br />
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When it comes to the translation of each drug, it also follow the style of the original. Under specific drugs,their serial numbers are first listed,followed by their "Chinese Pinyin/Latin/English names, explanation of names, previous explanations, preparations, quality and taste, indications, explication and prescriptions. He uses Chinese Pinyin instead of Western Pinyin to promote Chinese culture.For some drugs, drug diagrams are attached in the text. Different from other translators, Luo Xiwen completely follows the style and content of the original from the beginning to the end. In terms of the attached table, Luo Wenxi's version contains a comparison table between the Chinese dynasties and AD era and is accompanied by various Chinese, English, and Latin indexes for readers to search for drugs.<br />
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In short, several French and English translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' from the 18th century to the present have been introduced. Regardless of their quality, they have played a certain role in promoting the dissemination of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe. As for its dissemination, we will discuss it in detail in the next chapter.<br />
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===The Dissemination of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe===<br />
Since the 17th century, the dissemination of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has never stopped. In this chapter, it roughly divides it into three stages: from the 17th to 18th century, the 19th century, and from the 20th to 21st century. <br />
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====Introduction and translation period (17th-18thcentury)====<br />
The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was written at the end of the 16th century. Now, it is uncertain when and by whom it was first transmitted to Europe.However, according to scholar Chen Hengxin's ''A Study on the Collection of Chinese Books in the French National Library'',when Jiachim Bouvet returned to France, he presented Louis XIV 49 Chinese books of 22 kinds, among which there was a set of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' hardbound in yellow silk. That is to say, just a century after the completion of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', it had already set foot on the land of Europe and entered the Royal Library of France. In the 18th century, several abridged translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' emerged in Europe,such as Jacques François Vandermonde's ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu'', Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'',etc.<br />
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====Research and evaluation period (19th century)====<br />
From the 17th to 18th centuries, European readers' acceptance of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' remained at the level of collection, introduction, and translation. In the 19th century, as botanist, chemists, naturalists, zoologists, pharmacologists and other scholars joined the reader group of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', the research on this book and Chinese medicine was also gradually carried out, including the drawing of drug maps, the collection and analysis of drug specimens, and the interpretation and evaluation of the drugs contained in the book from the perspective of chemistry and pharmacology in Europe at that time. The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has gained a wider audience in Europe.<br />
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====Cultural impression construction period (20-21st century)====<br />
In the 20th to 21st century, the dissemination and reception methods became increasingly widespread, and this book was also exhibited through museums and international academic conferences.Through various channels such as discussions and documentaries, the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was disseminated to various countries. During this period, there are versions of Bernard Emms Read, Luo Xiwen...And the research on the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' by European scholars in modern times has shown a diversified trend.<br />
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===Conclusion===<br />
The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has been published for over 4 centuries. Over the long years, this great work has not been submerged. On the contrary, it has become even more brilliant under the polishing of time. It is a classic and precious work in traditional Chinese medicine culture, and also a pioneering work for traditional Chinese medicine culture to go abroad and spread overseas（Zhang Yan&Yin Na 2022）. Since the late 17th century, it has been introduced to various countries in Europe and America, and related translations and research have emerged accordingly. The translation and dissemination of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' not only demonstrate the strong vitality of traditional Chinese medicine, but also provide some inspiration and reference for modern medicine, promoting mutual exchange and cooperation between Eastern and Western medical cultures(Liu Runlan 2014). On the other hand, it greatly demonstrates the charm of traditional Chinese medicine culture as an important component of Chinese traditional culture, and also provides inspiration and reference for the translation and dissemination of Chinese cultural classics.<br />
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===References===<br />
[1] Du Halde杜赫德． ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise''《中华帝国全志》［M］． London 伦敦: E Cave 凯夫，1738．<br />
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[2] Needham，J李约瑟． ''Science and Civilisation in China''《中国科学技术史》［M］．Cambridge 剑桥: Cambridge University Press 剑桥大学出版社，1954．<br />
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[3]李时珍Li Shizhen ．《本草纲目》''Compendium of Materia Medica''［M］． 罗希文译Translated by Luo Xiwen． 北京 Beijing: 外文出版社Foreign Language Press，2004．<br />
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[4]李时珍 Li Shizhen.《本草纲目》''Compendium of Materia Medica''［M].明万历二十一年癸已In the 21st year of the Ming Wanli reign (1593)金陵胡承龙刻本Jinling Hu Chenglong Inscription．<br />
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[5] 张秀平Zhang Xiuping，王晓明Wang Xiaoming． 影响中国的 100 本书100 ''Books that Have Influnenced China''［M].南宁Nanning: 广西人民出版社Guangxi People's Publishing House，1993．<br />
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[6] 张焱Zhang Yan,尹娜Yin Na.《本草纲目》在欧美的译介与传播''Translation and Communications of Materia Medica in Europe and America'' [J].华北理工大学学报(社会科学版) Journal of North China University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition),2022,22(05):126-133. <br />
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[7] 潘吉星Pan Jixing．《本草纲目》之东被及西渐''Compendium of Materia Medica: The East and West''［J］． 中国药学杂志Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal，1983( 10) : 11－18．<br />
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[8] 付璐Fu Lu．《本草纲目》在欧洲的流传研究''The Transmission of BengCaoGangMu in Europe'' [D]．北京Beijing：中国中医科学院China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences，2020．<br />
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[9] 付璐Fu Lu．浅谈《中华帝国全志》对《本草纲目》的翻译与传播''On the Translation and Dissemination of Compendium of Materia Medica by The General History of China''［J］．中医杂志Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine，2019,60（15）:1265-1276.<br />
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[10] 潘吉星Pan Jixing．关于李时珍《本草纲目》外文译文的几个问题''Several Questions about the Foreign Translation of Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica''［J］．中医杂志Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,1980(3):62-66.<br />
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[11] 高晞Gao Xi．十五世纪以来中医在西方的传播与研究''The Spread and Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the West since the 15th Century''［J］．中医药文化Chinese Medical Culture，2015（6）:15-24.<br />
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[12]刘润兰Liu Runlan.《本草纲目》在海外的传播与影响''The Spread and Influence of Compendium of Materia Medica Overseas'' [J].世界中西医结合杂志World Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine,2014,9(01):89-90.<br />
[13]王秋玲Wang Qiuling,斯琴图Si Qintu.什么是“本草纲目”? ''What is "Compendium of Materia Medica"?'' [J]. 少儿国学.Children's Traditional Chinese Studies,2022(03):38-39.<br />
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[14]杨舒佳Yang Shujia. 《神农本草经》训诂史研究''A study on the History of Exegesis in Shennong’s Herbal Classic'' [D].北京中医药大学Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,2021.<br />
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[15]张晟星Zhang Shengxing.《本草纲目》的翻译与传播''Translation and Dissemination of Compendium of Materia Medica'' [J].上海科技翻译Shanghai Journal of Translators for Science and Technology,2003(01):55.<br />
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[16]黄志杰Huang Zhijie.《本草纲目》导读''Introduction to Compendium of Materia Medica'' [J].中医函授通讯Bulletin of Traditional Chinese Medicine Correspondence,2000(03):4-6.<br />
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[17]王吉民Wang Jimin． 祖国医药文化流传海外考''A Textual Research on the Spread of Chinese Medical Culture Overseas'' [M].广州Guangzhou: 广东人民出版社Guangdong People's Publishing House，2011．</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20230630_final_exam_03&diff=15577220230630 final exam 032023-06-11T13:48:02Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>=202270081667 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
==Systematic Literature Review of the English Translation of ''The Analects''==<br />
<center>谢佳玉Xie Jiayu，202270081667</center><br />
===Abstract===<br />
''The Analects of Confucius'' is a classic work of Chinese Confucianism and one of the most authoritative books in Chinese history. It plays an important role in the history of Sino-Western cultural exchange. The English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' has always been a hot topic for study. The author selects 32 articles, including all essays in the last five years and the most cited in the past, and divides them into five aspects: the analysis and comparison of translations, the translator's perspective, the translation of unique cultural or linguistic phenomena, the problems in the existing English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and the dissemination of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West. This paper is a literature review of the achievements made by scholars in this field, which also points out the deficiencies, so as to promote the development of translation of Confucian classics and related studies.<br />
===Key Words===<br />
''The Analects of Confucius'', English translation, Literature review<br />
===《论语》英译研究文献综述===<br />
===摘要===<br />
===关键词===<br />
===Introduction===<br />
''The Analects of Confucius'' (Lun Yu) is one of the most important works of Confucianism, which records the remarks of Confucius and his disciples. It occupies a very important position in the history of Chinese literature and ideology. It not only has a profound influence in China, but also is one of the earliest works translated into English and spread in the West in ancient Chinese classics, and is also one of the most translated and interpreted Chinese classics.<br />
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The translation of traditional Chinese classics, especially the Confucian classics, was accomplished by the cultural exchanges between China and the West since the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. ''The Analects of Confucius'' was first translated into the Western language at the end of the 16th century. A Latin translation of the Four Books by Western missionaries led by Matteo Ricci was published in 1594. The first English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' can be found in ''The Work of Confucius'' by Joshua Marshman, a missionary, but it is just an abridged translation and is not complete. It was not until 1861 that the first widely influential translation was published, which was ''Confucian Analects'' written by Lames Legge, a British missionary and Sinologist. Since then, English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' have been published, and Western countries have had a rudimentary understanding of Chinese culture. Gu Hongming's English version, which was published in 1898, also has a profound impact. In addition, Arthur Waley and D. C. Lau, a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and others also provide excellent translations. Up to now, there have been more than 40 English translations of The Analects of Confucius, each of which has its own characteristics with different translation methods and different styles. With so many English translations, the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' has naturally become a hot spot of research.<br />
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The earliest essay about the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' was published in 1996 in CNKI. Until now, the study of English translation has gone for more than 20 years. In order to understand the achievements and current situation of the research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', the author collates and analyzes the articles about it in the past five years, providing references for further research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''.<br />
===Literature Review of the English Translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''===<br />
The author classifies and makes statistics on the studies of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. The essays come from China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Google Scholar. The author used the keyword "English translation of The Analects" to search on CNKI, there are a total of 121 academic dissertations and 331 journal papers, of which, from 2018 to 2023, there are 27 academic dissertations and 81 journal papers, 19 of which are published in core journals. In the past five years, the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in foreign countries is much less than that in China. The author searched on Google Scholar and only got a few essays, all written by Chinese scholars.<br />
<br />
On the basis of the searched essays, the author selected the papers published in domestic core journals in the past five years, the 13 most cited essays in the past, and the 5 English essays searched on Google Scholar. After further screening of these essays, 32 eligible essays were finally selected for research. This paper analyzes the achievements of domestic scholars the existing problems and the future development direction in this field.<br />
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According to research, in general, the research of Chinese scholars on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' mainly focuses on the following aspects: the analysis and comparison of translations, the translator's perspective, the translation of unique cultural or linguistic phenomena, the problems in the existing English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and the dissemination of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West.<br />
====The Analysis and Comparison of Translations====<br />
The analysis of translation is an important method to study translation practice. Therefore, there are many essays studying from this perspective. Scholars mainly study translations from three aspects: the study of one translation, the study of two or more translations, and the study of single or multiple translations based on theory.<br />
The study of one translation is mainly focused on the comparison and analysis between the translation and the original. Zhang Defu (2021) analyzed Ni Peimin's distinctive English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. He explored the gongfu orientation and its application of it in Ni's translation and revealed that the gongfu orientation is an effective way to understand the core concepts of Confucianism and interpret the original text of ''The Analects of Confucius'', which has reference significance for inheriting and carrying forward the essence of the thought of Confucian classics and even traditional Chinese cultural classics. The study of one translation can make people more thoroughly understand the characteristics of the translation, and more comprehensively and profoundly understand it.<br />
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The study of two or more translations is mainly a comparative study of different translations. The comparative analysis of different versions is a common topic in the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. Huang Guowen (2012) made a comparative analysis of different English versions of ''The Analects of Confucius'', and mainly discussed the process of translation of classic books, showing that the translation of classic books like ''The Analects of Confucius'' usually goes through two stages of "intralingual translation" and "interlingual translation" based on cases. When translating classic books into modern English, translators should first translate the source text written in classical Chinese into modern Chinese, and then translate it into modern English. This conclusion has enlightening significance for the translation of classical books and research of it.<br />
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Many scholars analyze one or multiple translations based on a certain theory. This kind of essay accounts for the highest proportion, which shows that it is a relatively popular form of study.<br />
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Meng Jian, Qu Tao, Xia Yang (2012) analyzed the translation characteristics of Gu Hongming's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the perspective of adaptation theory and studied how to achieve maximum equivalence in cross-cultural translation under the influence of different cultural contexts. They believed that in translation, the translator should make dynamic adaptations according to different contexts and overcome the influence of different cultural contexts, then conveying the cultural connotation of the original as much as possible.<br />
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Zhang Xiaoman, Liu Yuyang (2018) analyzed Liu Dianjue's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' based on the theory of translation norms. The theory of translation introduces cultural memes into translation, involving many disciplines such as philosophy, linguistics and sociology. Based on this theory, the author analyzed the translation norms behind the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', and believed that the translation is consistent with the expectancy norms and professional norms. They concluded that translation should satisfy the expectations of target language readers and the transplanting of cultural content needs to arouse the spiritual resonance of target language readers.<br />
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Zhou Qian (2023) studied Xu Yuanchong's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the perspective of Eco-translatology. She thought that combing this kind of text with the ecological translation can make the obscure text fully reveal the inner meaning. In the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', Xu Yuanchong fully grasped the translational ecological environment, and achieved the ecological balance based on the adaptation and selection to the translation environment.<br />
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Some scholars made a comparative analysis of the two or more translations based on a certain theory. Chen Yang (2009) compared the three English versions of ''The Analects of Confucius'' with systematic functional linguistics and carried out functional discourse analysis, aiming to objectively evaluate the effect of the translation by comparing the functional parameters of the original text and the target text. The author believed that the theory of systemic functional linguistics can help to explain the choice of language in different versions of ''The Analects of Confucius'', and also provide a certain basis for the evaluation of translations.<br />
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Li Gang, Li Jinshu (2013) chose the descriptive translation studies. Because every translation is a product of a specific historical and cultural context, this theory is helpful to better understand and explain the translation phenomenon. They selected many English versions, analyzed the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the context of Western centralism and cultural centralism respectively, and believed that the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' has realized a gradual process from seeking common to reserving differences.<br />
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Huang Guowen, Chen Ying (2014) used the concept of variation in the framework of Systematic Functional Linguistics, focused on the issues of variation in language use and variation in translation, and made a comparative analysis of multiple English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius''. They believed that there are three types of variation in the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' variation in register, variation in textual structure, and variation in language choice.<br />
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All the above essays used Western theories as guidance, while Yao Cuiping (2022) chose Lin Yutang's translation standard as the guidance, and compared the English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' by James Legge, Waley, and Gu Hongming. The paper analyzed the serious and common mistakes in the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and put forward some suggestions on how to modify them.<br />
====Studies from the Translator's Perspective====<br />
Since the 1970s, under the influence of the "cultural turn", the perspective and focus of the research of translation theory have shifted to the translator to varying degrees, and the translator's identity, status and role in translation activities have been rethought and repositioned, the translator's subjectivity has been gradually highlighting in the theoretical level. (Zhu Xianlong, Xie Baoxia 2006, 65) Therefore, when scholars study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', the analysis from the translator's perspective cannot be ignored. <br />
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Throughout the history of Chinese and Western translation, translation activities have been dominated by specific translation theories in different periods, which have potentially restricted the translator's practice to varying degrees. Therefore, Zhu Xianlong, Xie Baoxia (2006) studied the transition process of the translator's identity in translation activities from the perspective of the historical evolution of translation theory, and analyzed the reasons for the change of the translator's identity from the philosophical level. Translation theory has realized the transformation from language to literature and then to culture, and the translator's identity has also changed from being lower than the author to being considered to play a decisive role in translation activities, and the importance of the translator has gradually manifested. <br />
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Many scholars emphasized that translators hold a principal status. Based on Lefevere's theory of rewriting and Verschueren's theory of adaptation, Xu Jun, Xiao Haiyan (2018) analyzed the influence of ideology and poetics on Legge and Waley's translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and how translators make adaptive decisions in the manipulation of ideology and poetics, and concluded that the process of translation is the process in which the translator exerts his subjectivity under specific conditions of constraints, and the process in which the mainstream ideology and poetics interact with the translator's subjectivity. Therefore, he believed that the study of the English translation of classical works should not ignore the study of the translator's subjectivity.<br />
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Yang Lin (2020) also emphasized the translator's subjectivity, but he focused on analyzing the different strategies adopted by Chinese and Western translators for different translation purposes. Gu Hongming tried to change the image of China in the minds of Westerners, so he adopted domestication in his translation, while Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont adopted foreignization.<br />
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Zhang Xiaoman, Sun Xiaolu (2022) believed that there exists a cyclic transformational dialogue relationship between the author, translator and reader in Gu Hongming's English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', which makes the ideas of ''The Analects of Confucius'' give birth to the new quality of culture in the cyclic dialogue, thus driving the inheritance and transmission of culture.<br />
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In terms of the application of the translator's subjectivity, there is one translator in the history of Chinese translation who has taken it to the extreme. With the aim of promoting Chinese culture, his translation plays an important role in the history of Chinese and foreign translation. He is Gu Hongming, a master of studies of Chinese ancient civilization. Gu Hongming was the first Chinese in the history of translating Confucian classics into English. On the basis of following the idea of the original work, Gu Hongming's translation reflects the translator's subjectivity in many places. Therefore, most scholars chose Gu Hongming's translation as the research object when studying the translator's subjectivity.<br />
====Studies on the Translation of Unique Cultural or Linguistic Phenomena====<br />
Because Chinese culture has a long historical background and unique cultural connotation, some unique cultural phenomena cannot be translated, which brings difficulties to the English translation of Chinese classics such as The Analects of Confucius.<br />
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The core concept words in the book bear the most representative thoughts of Confucianism and have distinct cultural characteristics. Therefore, the translator often has difficulties in finding corresponding words in the target language, or these words have different meanings in the two cultures. The core concept words account for a large proportion of The Analects of Confucius, and whether the translation of these words is appropriate also determines the quality of the whole translation of the book to a large extent. So some scholars choose the translation of a certain core concept for research.<br />
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"Junzi" is commonly used in ''The Analects of Confucius''. Since Western missionaries translated Confucian classics, this word has had many translated versions. Han Xing, Han Qiuyu (2016) analyzed and compared the similarities and differences of the concept of "Junzi" in the popular English translations of James Legge and Arthur Waley in combination with the moral and political implications of the concept itself in Confucian culture. The author believed that Legge's translation "the superior man" is more reasonable, because not only this translation has spread widely, but also Legge's grasp of the concept of "Junzi" is more accurate.<br />
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"Ren" is the core of Confucius' thought, the highest morality in Confucius' ethical thought and the sum of all morals, and ''The Analects of Confucius'' has also endowed "Ren" with rich connotation. Different translators have different understandings and translations of "Ren", and the translation of it plays a very important role in the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', which should be paid attention to. Yang Ping (2008) summarized and analyzed various translations of "Ren", and argued that "Ren" is best translated by transliteration to preserve its spiritual essence and convey Confucius' ideas objectively.<br />
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"Tian" is also a core idea in ''The Analects of Confucius''. Zhang Zheng, Hu Wenxiao (2015) analyzed "Tian" in ''The Analects of Confucius'', and summarized and compared different translations of it. The author believed that "heaven" and "god" not only cannot fully convey the connotation of "Tian", but also easily make readers associate with Western religions. Therefore, using transliteration to translate "Tian" is more concise and appropriate, and annotations and explanations can be added according to specific contexts.<br />
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Guo Yuqing (2022) selected the translation of "Xiao" in ''The Analects of Confucius'' as the research object. The author used LancsBox, a new corpus analysis tool, compared the similarities and differences of the core concept "Xiao" between the two English translations by Gu Hongming and James Legge and analyzed the reasons for the differences.<br />
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Deng Jie (2022) studied the two core concepts of "Li" and "Junzi" that frequently appear in ''The Analects of Confucius'', comparing and analyzing the translation methods of James Legge and Gu Hongming in accordance with their social and cultural background and translation motivation, and exploring the similarities and differences between the two translators in their understanding of Confucian thoughts. It can be seen that scholars advocate transliteration for the translation of core concepts. In this kind of study, the author often evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of each translation on the core concept in combination with his personal interpretation of traditional Confucian thought and put forward his own views, so this kind of study will evitably have the tendency of subjectivity.<br />
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The indigenous concept refers to the unique concept or information that a language community has developed in the course of its history, culture, society and way of thinking. For translators, it is difficult to convey the indigenous concepts to the target language culture. Therefore, Li Guangwei, Ge Lingling (2018) studied the indigenous concepts in ''The Analects of Confucius''. According to Qi Yucun’s criteria of cultural classification, the paper divided the indigenous concepts into three categories: material culture, system and custom culture, and spiritual culture, and based on a parallel corpus, studied the English version of Gu Hongming. The author believed that translators should actively adapt to the different contexts of the target culture at the surface level, middle level and deep level and adopt corresponding translation strategies for different categories of indigenous concepts.<br />
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Culture-loaded words are also a big difficulty in the translation. They are as closely related to culture as the indigenous concepts. Relying on the Chinese ideological and cultural terminology Library under the project of “Chinese ideological and cultural terminology communication project”, Yang Dan (2022) combed and summarized the culture-loaded words in ''The Analects of Confucius'' translated by Legge, Gu Hongming and Arthur Waley, and made a comparative study of different translations from three aspects: language, culture, and communication from the eco perspective. The author believed that when dealing with culture-loaded words, the translator should preserve the style and characteristics of the source language as much as possible, and take into account both the source language culture and the target language culture.<br />
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Some scholars studied the translation of sentences. There are various types of topic sentences in ''The Analects of Confucius'', which are widely distributed. Wang Yong, Qin Si (2022) analyzed the distribution and characteristics of topic sentences in ''The Analects of Confucius'' and studied the translation strategies of topic sentences in the English translation by James Legge. Legge mainly adopted the translation strategy of domestication at the syntactic level, which conforms to the linguistic features of English.<br />
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In addition to the above studies, Xue Bing, Xiang Mingyou (2020) also used DocuScope and relevant statistical tools to make inductive statistics and comparison of rhetorical features in the English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' by Legge and Waley, to analyze the difference in rhetorical effects of different translations. Digital research tools can enrich the existing English translation studies of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in research methods and research perspectives and provide new ideas for translation research.<br />
====Studies on the Problems in the Existing English Translations of ''The Analects of Confucius''====<br />
Some scholars studied the problems in the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. Misinterpretation of the original text is one of the most common problems in English translation.<br />
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Under the guidance of the theory of the manipulation of ideology, Xu Jun (2010) took the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' by Arthur Waley as a case study, analyzed the misinterpretation and mistranslation in the translation of cultural classics, and pointed out that the misinterpretation and mistranslation are closely related to ideology.<br />
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Liu Zhengguang, Chen Yi, Xu Haoqi (2016) also studied Authur Waley's English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', but their focus was on deviations in his translation. Based on the relevant principles of cognitive linguistics, the author analyzed various deviations in the translation process of Arthur Waley from the translator's individual cognitive style, discussed the influence of the translator's subjectivity on understanding the source language and translating from different dimensions and explained the deep cognitive causes of various deviations. Applying the relevant principles of cognitive linguistics to the analysis of "deviation" can, to some extent, trigger scholars to think deeply about "domestication" and "foreignization".<br />
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The view of "Wen" and "Zhi" is an important part of Confucius' ethical thought, and ''The Analects of Confucius'' is the main carrier of it. When translating The Analects of Confucius, the translator inevitably misinterprets it, which will have a negative impact on cross-cultural communication.<br />
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Fang Xing, Yang Yanyan (2019) believed that James Legge's, and Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont's translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' misinterpreted the view of "Wen" and "Zhi". Their paper analyzed the true essence of Confucius' view of "Wen" and "Zhi", explored the reasons for their misinterpretations of it and put forward some solutions. Their study is of great significance for revealing the true meaning of Confucius' ethical thought, correcting misinterpretation in translations, and promoting the dissemination of Confucius' classics.<br />
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Liu Yuyu (2019) paid attention to the problem of Counter-west Centerlism, who believed that it is always a problem that cannot be wiped out. The author analyzed the translation of the keywords "Tian" and "Ren" in Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont's translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. Although the two translators adopt the translation strategy of foreignization, the "otherization" of Chinese culture is hidden behind it. The author believed that overemphasis on cultural differences can not effectively achieve the purpose of Counter-west Centerlism, and it is necessary to eliminate the bias of cultural relativism.<br />
====Studies on the dissemination of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West====<br />
The above essays are to study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from different perspectives based on different theories. In addition to studying the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the linguistic level, there are also studies on its translation and dissemination in the West from the macro level of culture. The translation, dissemination and research of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West can be traced back to the 16th century.<br />
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The translation of Chinese classics is an important part of promoting the dissemination of Chinese culture in the world. The process of translation, dissemination, acceptance and study of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West is a microcosm of translation, dissemination, and acceptance of Chinese culture. Li Weirong, Liang Huina, Wu Suxin (2015) introduced three stages of translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West, including the beginning, the maturity and prosperity and expansion of the translation and research in the West, presenting the whole picture of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West.<br />
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Wang Yan (2010) focused on the development of contemporary Western Sinology. The author believed that the contemporary English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' mainly appeared after the 1990s, which was influenced by the trend of contemporary Western Sinology research. This paper analyzed the development tendency of Sinology in the United States and the characteristics of the contemporary English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. The contemporary English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' not only enriches Sinology itself, but also promotes the dialogue and exchange between Western Sinology and Chinese academic circles.<br />
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Western Sinology appeared in the late Ming and Qing dynasties while the missionaries went missionary works in China. Jiang Zhe (2019) believed that there is a two-way communication between Western Sinology and Chinese Confucianism. The author discussed the English translations and interpretations of “Xin Jin Yu Yi, Yan Ke Fu YE” in Liu Dianjue's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and argued that they fully embody the two-way communication between Western Sinology and Chinese Confucianism. <br />
Gu Huijuan (2019) studied the international communication of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the perspective of the publication of English translation. The paper introduced the translation and publication history of The Analects of Confucius, compared several representative versions, summed up the historical experience from the international communication of Chinese traditional culture, and explored the means of Chinese culture "going out". The author believed that the publication of translation should truly "enter" or integrate into the cultural system of the target language in order to better disseminate Chinese culture around the world.<br />
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Zhang Xiaoxue (2019) collected statistics on the number of citations of English versions of The Analects of Confucius in Google Scholar to understand the influence of these translations, and discussed the influence of the factors of the translator, environment, translation, reader and feedback on the effect of reception of the translation in the process of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. This paper revealed the means to achieve success in the translation of classical works and provided a reference for promoting the dissemination of traditional Chinese culture to the world.<br />
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Qin Hongwu, Kong Lei, Xu Xin (2020) also studied from the perspective of the reception of the readers. The paper compared and analyzed the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and the non-translational Confucian texts for communication, and observed the possible factor influencing the effect of communication of the translations of ''The Analects of Confucius''.<br />
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Liu Hongwei, Wang Xiangling (2020) combined the advantages of other classical communication models, established a new equal intercommunication model of translation and dissemination of traditional Chinese cultural classics, and propose some application principles to promote the dissemination of traditional Chinese culture, which has a certain use for reference in translations and research of Chinese literature.<br />
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Han Fule, Liu Yan (2020) expounded on the dissemination and translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the UK from four periods, and considered ways to effectively disseminate Chinese ideology and culture, which provides reference and guidance for the effective dissemination of Chinese ideology and culture.<br />
===Deficiencies and Reflections on the Study of the English Translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''===<br />
Through the overview of the research results of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the past five years, it can be seen that with the continuous deepening of the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', the perspective of the study is no longer single, not only from the aspects of language, but also from different perspectives such as philosophy, history and culture. With the development of science and technology, more and more scholars use technical tools to study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', such as corpus. Corpus-based translation studies can provide guidance for English translation in terms of vocabulary, translation standards and principles. In addition, the selection of English translations is no longer limited to the most classic translations, and the objects of study are more diverse. Although the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' is becoming more and more mature with continuous study, there are still some areas to be improved.<br />
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Firstly, although the perspective of the study is more abundant, the study on the cultural level is still relatively absent. Even though some scholars pay attention to the cultural level and conduct research on it, they pay more attention to the differences in ideology, and few scholars conduct systematic research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the aspects of philosophy and politics. As a Chinese classic, it was formed with a certain historical and cultural background, so the study of the English translation of it can also be explored from the aspects of history and philosophy.<br />
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Secondly, up to now, there have been more than 40 full English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'', providing a large number of objects for studies. However, most researchers chose the translations of James Legge, Gu Hongming, and Waley, and ignored other translations. Therefore, to study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the future, the first thing to do is to have a detailed and overall grasp of the previous studies, so as to avoid repeated studies, which will reduce the research value. At the same time, for different translations, most researchers only analyzed their differences, and did not summarize the general characteristics and influencing factors of translations in a certain period.<br />
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Thirdly, in terms of combining theories, scholars have chosen many different translation theories to study, but many studies are limited to superficial phenomena without further exploration.<br />
===Conclusion===<br />
As one of the classics of Confucianism, ''The Analects of Confucius'' has exerted a profound influence on the thought and culture of the Chinese nation and has many English translations. Therefore, the study of the English translation of The Analects of Confucius should become the focus of attention. The study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' is different from the general translation studies. It also undertakes the task of the communication of Chinese traditional culture to the outside world. The purpose of it is to improve the level of the English translation of Chinese classics and better promote the spread of Chinese traditional culture in the world. As one of the research hotspots, great achievements have been made in the study of the English translation of The Analects of Confucius. The research contents are increasingly enriched and refined, and the research perspectives are increasingly diversified. However, there is still room for improvement, and it is hoped that this paper can provide a reference for the English translation and research of The Analects of Confucius and even all classical works.<br />
<br />
This paper summarizes the essays on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the past five years, but does not study the foreign studies on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. There are many foreign essays on ''The Analects of Confucius'', but there are few essays specifically on it, so this paper does not involve the current situation of foreign research, and the review is not very comprehensive. In the future, the author hopes to make a more comprehensive analysis of this field in combination with foreign research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''.<br />
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Zhang Defu张德福. (2021). 孔子思想的“功夫”取向——倪培民《论语》英译评鉴 [The Gongfu Orientation of Confucius Thought--A Review on Ni Peimin's Translation of ''The Analects'']. 外语研究Foreign Languages Research (04) 76-80.<br />
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Zhang Xiaoman, Liu Yuyang张小曼,刘欲阳. (2018). 翻译规范视域下的《论语》英译——以刘殿爵译本为例 [A Study on the English Translation of ''The Analects'' from the Perspective of Translation Norms--A Case Study of Liu Dianjue's Translation]. 安徽大学学报(哲学社会科学版) Journal of Anhui University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition) (04) 92-98.<br />
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Zhang Xiaoman, Sun Xiaolu张小曼,孙晓璐. (2022). 辜鸿铭《论语》英译主体“同质语境”中的对话 [Dialogue in the "Homogenous Context" of Gu Hongming's English Translation of ''The Analects'']. 中国翻译Chinese Translators Journal (06) 92-99.<br />
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Zhang Xiaoxue张晓雪. (2019). 翻译说服论视角下《论语》英译本接受效果分析——以Google Scholar被引统计为依据 [An Analysis of the Reception Effect of ''The Analects'' from the Perspective of Translation Persuasion: Based on Google Scholar Citation Statistics]. 出版发行研究Publishing Research (03) 70-76+95.<br />
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Zhang Zheng, Hu Wenxiao张政,胡文潇. (2015).《论语》中“天”的英译探析——兼论其对中国文化核心关键词英译的启示An Analysis of the English Translation of "Tian" in ''The Analects of Confucius''--and its Enlightenment to the English Translation of Key Words in Chinese Culture]. 中国翻译Chinese Translators Journal (06) 92-96.<br />
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Zhu Xianlong, Xie Baoxia朱献珑,谢宝霞. (2006). 译者主体性:从幕后到台前——从翻译理念的演变谈起 [Translator's Subjectivity: From Behind the Scenes to the Stage--from the Evolution of Translation Concepts]. 华南理工大学学报(社会科学版) Journal of South China University of Technology (Social Science Edition) (01) 64-67.<br />
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=202270081681 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
==On the Dissemination and Translation of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe==<br />
<center>Zhang Yuyan 202270081681 </center><br />
<br />
===Abstract===<br />
This paper is on the dissemination and translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''( ''Ben Cao Gang Mu'') in Europe. In the wave of globalization, the earth is increasingly becoming a small village. Pandemics such as cholera, the black death, SARS and COVID-19 has made us realize that the promotion of human health depends on the combination of multiple medical systems. In this context, it is necessary to trace back the history of the translation and dissemination of traditional Chinese medicine books, which will undoubtedly further enhance their influence abroad and show the world the splendid traditional culture of China in a more comprehensive way.<br />
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The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was written by Li Shizhen,an outstanding medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty. He himself not only attached great importance to the achievements of previous medical works, inherited and carried forward former experience, but also had original research achievements. As one of the most comprehensive, abundant, and systematic books on traditional Chinese medicine in ancient China, the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has already had a history of over 400 years. It was at the end of the 17th century that it spread to Europe. In the 18th century, there were abridged and complete translations of French, English, German, Russian, and other languages. Later, it attracted in-depth research and received high praise from overseas scholars, and it has been a hot topic to this today.<br />
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Taking the dissemination and translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe as the starting point, the paper will review, analyze, and summarize its major French and English versions from the 18th century to the 20th century. Besides, it briefly divides its dissemination history into three stages-from 17th to the 18th century, the 19th century, and the 20th to the 21st century(Fu Lu 2020), aiming to sort out the context and provide some historical references for medical exchanges in this era of globalization(Gao Xi 2015).<br />
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===Key Words===<br />
the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''; translation;cultural dissemination; historical references<br />
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===《本草纲目》在欧洲的译介和传播===<br />
<center>张玉燕 202270081681 </center><br />
<br />
===摘要===<br />
在全球化的浪潮下，地球日益成为一个小小的村落。霍乱、黑死病、SARS、新冠等大流行的出现，使我们意识到人类健康需要依靠多种医学体系的相互交融和发展。在此背景下，回溯中医书籍翻译和传播的历史，无疑将进一步增强其在国外的影响力，更全面地向世界展示中华民族灿烂悠久的传统文化。<br />
<br />
《本草纲目》为明代杰出医药学家李时珍所著，他既高度重视历史医药著作的成果、继承发扬前人的医药经验，又有李时珍本人原创性的研究成就，《本草纲目》是我国古代著作中论述中药最全面、最丰富、最系统的典籍，成书已有400多年的历史，早在17世纪末就流传到欧洲，18世纪陆续出现了法、英、德、俄等语言的节选或完整译本。随后引起了海外学者的深入研究和高度评价，至今仍是热点。<br />
<br />
本文以《本草纲目》在欧洲的译介和传播为切入点，对其18世纪-20世纪的法文、英文译本进行回顾、分析和总结(付璐 2020），并将《本草纲目》在欧洲的传播史按时间跨度大致分为三个阶段：17-18世纪、19世纪、20世纪-21世纪，旨在梳理脉络，为当今全球化时代的医学交流提供某些历史借鉴(高晞 2015)。<br />
<br />
===关键词===<br />
《本草纲目》;译介;文化传播;历史借鉴<br />
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===Introduction===<br />
Li Shizhen was a famous medical scientist of the Ming Dynasty. After several years of medicine practice, he found that there were many mistakes in ancient Chinese herbal books and decided to recompile one. In the 31st year of Jiajing (1552), Li Shizhen began to compile the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', which was based on ''Classified Materia Medica'' . To ensure the accuracy of the information, he referred to more than 800 books, and investigated many places on the spot. Since the 44th year Jiajing(1565), Li Shizhen had been to Wudang Mountain, Lushan Mountain, Maoshan Mountain, Niushoushan Mountain, Hunan province, Hubei province, Jiangxi province and other places to collect drug samples and prescriptions, figuring out many difficult issues. After 27 years of unswerving efforts and three revisions,the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''， the giant work of 1.92 million words, was completed.<br />
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What is the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''( ''Ben Cao Gang Mu'')? Chinese people seem to be familiar with "Ben Cao Gang Mu". However, once they are asked, few can explain them clearly. Since ancient times, there have been many drugs used to treat diseases, including plants, animals, and minerals,among which there is a big difference in quantity. Herb(cao), a plant, accounts for the largest proportion. Therefore, the ancients had been using the phrase "materia medica"(ben cao) to represent medicine. As for "compendium"(gang mu), the rope used by fishermen to pull up the fishing net is "gang", and the mesh on the fishing net is "mu".When the fishing net is opened, it is called "gang ju mu zhang", which is the original of the word "gang mu"(Wang Qiuling&Si Qintu 2022). When the concept of "compendium"(gang mu) is applied to book writing, it becomes a traditional form of Chinese chronicle compilation.<br />
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The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' consists of 52 volumes, which is essentially a dictionary of ancient medicines（Huang Zhijie 2000）. Based on the theoretical content in the ''Shennong’s Herbal Classic''(Yang Shujia 2021),the first and second volumes are preface examples, in which the viewpoints of scholars from different eras and of Li Shizhen himself are added. It aims to understand the performance, usage principles, and methods of drugs in traditional Chinese medicine. In the third and fourth volumes, the drugs are classified according to their performance and indications, reflecting the spirit of syndrome differentiation and treatment. The remaining 48 volumes are all about drugs, totaling 1892 types.<br />
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===The Translation of Compendium of Materia Medica in Europe===<br />
English translation of traditional Chinese medicine plays an crucial role in the process of internationalization. Accurate translation can express the connotation of basic terminology, convey the medical principles and cultural characteristics, promote the concept of health preservation and prevention, and promote characteristic therapy of traditional Chinese medicine.<br />
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In this chapter, it will analyze the French and English versions of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in the 18th-21st century. In terms of this, the scholar Pan Jixing pointed out in the article ''Compendium of Materia Medica: The East and West''(1983) , ＂Jacques François Vandermonde's ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu'' , Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'' and the works of Bernard Emms Read have partially translated the content of Li Shizhen's ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. ＂As for the complete translation, we can miss the English version translated by Luo Xiwen in 2004.<br />
<br />
====Abridged Translations====<br />
=====Jacques François Vandermonde's ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu''=====<br />
Dr. Joseph Needham, a British biochemist and historian of science, recorded in the Science and Civilization in China (1954)," Jacques Francois Vandermonde, a French doctor, had been practicing medicine in Macao, China for over 10 years. In 1732, he accidentally got a book of ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. According to its recorded drugs, he collected over 80 kinds of mineral samples. Later, with the help of Chinese people, he explained the samples one by one according to the original description of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', and attached them with corresponding labels. He also wrote a manuscript titled ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu'' ,which can be seen as an abridged French translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''." <br />
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Written in French, this manuscript consists of one volume, with a total of 90 pages in the main text. Each paragraph is preceded by a serial number, and the corresponding Chinese name of the drug is written in the margin,such as "zao xin tu"(oven earth) ,"xiong huang"( red orpiment),"gan cao"( licorice). In this manuscript, he extracted and translated the names, origins, properties, five flavors,manufacturing methods, and efficacy of some mineral drugs from the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''.For example, when describing the origin,we have the expression "金牙生蜀郡 ， 如金色者良"(Li Shizhen 1593) in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' and " jinya stone is a golden stone produced in Sichuan "in ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu''. For another example, when talking about property, we have "出煅灶中，如尘紫色，轻者为佳，亦以磨莹铜器用之" (Li Shizhen 1593)in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' and " Iron powder is considered to be the red powder found in casting furnaces. The lightest is the best, and it is used for polishing copper ware "in Jacques Francois Vandermonde 's manuscript. As for manufacturing methods, we have "其法用白锡和银薄及水银合成之，凝硬如银，合炼有法"(Li Shizhen 1593) in Li Shizhen's book, and "This is a mixture made by melting an equal amount of silver and mercury" in the book of Jacques François Vandermonde...<br />
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Unfortunately, the specimens collected by Jacques Francois Vandermonde and his translations did not receive much attention at the time. It was until the year of 1839 that Edouard Constant Biot, a French sinologist, collaborated with friends to analyze those mineral specimens and made the results public. In 1896, with the help of Chinese people(Zhang Xiuping&Wang Xiaoming 1993), F.de Mely and M.H.Courel published the entire excerpt, bringing it back to light.Now, the manuscript has been preserved Museum national d'Histoire naturelle(Needham 1954).<br />
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Generally speaking, when selectively translating, Jacques Francois Vandermonde translated the properties first,and then the origins, production methods, and efficacy. In terms of the translation of mineral drugs, he mainly adopted free translation and translated corresponding elements.<br />
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=====Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise''=====<br />
During the same period, when Jacques Francois Vandermonde's manuscript was neglected, another abridged French translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''- ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', gained great fame.<br />
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Published in Paris and edited by Jean Baptiste Du Halde(Du Halde 1738), this book was co-authored by 27 missionaries in China(Fu Lu&Xiao Yongzhi 2019). It has four volumes, and is a comprehensive work which introduces China from various aspects, covering ancient Chinese politics, religion, etiquette, customs, geography, medicine,customs,flora and fauna,etc. In this book, it also contains some selected translations from the first part of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. In page 437, Volume 3 of ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', there is a volume named ''Excerpts from the Compendium of Materia Medica''- ''Chinese Herbology or Chinese natural history of Medicine'' (Du Halde 1738). It introduces that the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was compiled by Li Shizhen, a Chinese medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty, and explains the details of its publication. In addition, it also selectively translated some 16 kinds of drugs in the book. <br />
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Basically speaking, in terms of the translation of medicine names and prescriptions, Jean Baptiste Du Halde often adopted transliteration or literal translation. For example, he translated "人参'' into "JIN-SENG", "三七'' into"SAN-TSI'', "海马" into"Sea-Horse"（Du Halde 1738），复命汤"into"the medicine which restores lost life. At the same time, there are some mistakes in his translation because of cultural differences and conflicts.In terms of the translation of disease names and symptoms, free translation is often used. For example,"伤寒坏症"is translated into "For malignant fevers","怔忡自汗" into "For the palpitation of the heart, attended with sweating（Du Halde 1738）.<br />
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As the first French version of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' published in Europe, ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', enables European readers to have a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', which promotes European scholars' cognition of the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine, and was a landmark event for the spread of ''Compendium of Materia Medica''.<br />
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===== Bernard Emms Read's translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''=====<br />
Though Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'' has spread widely and gained a lot of fame, it only contains a small part of drug translation in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. Therefore, Bernard Emms Read along with many Chinese and foreign scholars from the Beijing Society of Museums compiled a series of works on the study and abridged translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' at the beginning of the 20th century((Wang Jiming 2011). In this series, there are 8 works, including one botanical medicine work, one mineral medicine work, and six animal medicine works. It also refers to 12 departments of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'',such as "Jinshi department","grass department","grain department","vegetable department","fruit department","wood department","insect department","poultry department","animal department","human department"...<br />
<br />
As for the botanical medicine works, the book ''Chinese Medicinal Plants from the Pen Ts'ao Kang Mu'' ,which is co-authored by Bernard Emms Read and Liu Ruqiang, elaborates on more than 800 botanical medicines listed in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. It also covers the "grass department","grain department","vegetable department","fruit department" and "wood department"(from volume 12 to volume 37 of the original). ''A Compendium of Minerals and Stones Used in Chinese Medicine from the Pen T'sao Kang Mu'' is the mineral medicine work that is co-authored by Bernard Emms Read and C.Pek. It narrates the "Jinshi department (volume 8 to volume 11) in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'',carrying over a hundred types of mineral drugs. In terms of the animal drugs, there are 6 departments in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'',such as "insect department", "squamous department","poultry department"and "human department" .Bernard Emms Read translated it into 6 works for publication.<br />
<br />
In fact,several research works and translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' written by Bernard Emms Read differ greatly in style. As for his translation, only the "name" can be translated from the research works of plant medicine, while the "bone" can be translated from the research works of mineral medicine. It was not until the translation of nimal medicine section that the "flesh" and "form" were truly translated.<br />
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=====The Boom of abridged translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''=====<br />
In the 18th century, the wave of "sinomania" rose in Europe. Once the French version ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'' was published,it attracted the attention of all walks of life and was translated into many languages successively. In 1735, the French edition was sold out.In 1736, its English version ''The General History of China'' was issued in London, which is called Ed. John Watts. From 1737 to 1741, there was Ed. E. Cave(Pan Jixin 1980)... With the translation and dissemination of the ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has been partially translated into French, English, German，Russian(Zhang Shengxin 2003)...<br />
<br />
====The Complete Translations of Luo Xiwen's ''Compendium of Materia Medica''====<br />
At the beginning of the 21st century, the complete English translation ''Compendium of Materia Medica''(Luo Xiwen 2004),which is translated by Luo Xiwen and published in Foreign Language Press, became the first and only complete English translation at present. <br />
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The book totals more than 6 million words(Li Shizhne 1593).As for arrangement, the original work of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' contains 52 volumes The transaltion is faithful to it, and ends up with 6 books. In the first book,it translated volume 1 to volume 4 of the original, involving prefaces of Wang Shizhen, Xia Xin, Zhang Dingsi, Li Jianyuan, "preface examples" and "prescriptions for various diseases".The second book translated volume 5 to volume 14, which includes ''water department","fire department","earth department","Jinshi department",and section 1 to section 3 of "grass department". The third book translated volume 15 to volume 22, including section 4 to section 11 of the "grass department" and the first part of "grain department". While the fourth book recounts volume 23 to volume 34, and involves section 2 to section 4 of "grain department". The fifth book translated volume 35 to volume 46, and contains the second part to sixth part of "wood department" The last book narrates volume 47 to volume 52, including "poultry department","animal department"and "human department".<br />
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When it comes to the translation of each drug, it also follow the style of the original. Under specific drugs,their serial numbers are first listed,followed by their "Chinese Pinyin/Latin/English names, explanation of names, previous explanations, preparations, quality and taste, indications, explication and prescriptions. He uses Chinese Pinyin instead of Western Pinyin to promote Chinese culture.For some drugs, drug diagrams are attached in the text. Different from other translators, Luo Xiwen completely follows the style and content of the original from the beginning to the end. In terms of the attached table, Luo Wenxi's version contains a comparison table between the Chinese dynasties and AD era and is accompanied by various Chinese, English, and Latin indexes for readers to search for drugs.<br />
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In short, several French and English translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' from the 18th century to the present have been introduced. Regardless of their quality, they have played a certain role in promoting the dissemination of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe. As for its dissemination, we will discuss it in detail in the next chapter.<br />
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===The Dissemination of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe===<br />
Since the 17th century, the dissemination of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has never stopped. In this chapter, it roughly divides it into three stages: from the 17th to 18th century, the 19th century, and from the 20th to 21st century. <br />
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====Introduction and translation period (17th-18thcentury)====<br />
The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was written at the end of the 16th century. Now, it is uncertain when and by whom it was first transmitted to Europe.However, according to scholar Chen Hengxin's ''A Study on the Collection of Chinese Books in the French National Library'',when Jiachim Bouvet returned to France, he presented Louis XIV 49 Chinese books of 22 kinds, among which there was a set of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' hardbound in yellow silk. That is to say, just a century after the completion of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', it had already set foot on the land of Europe and entered the Royal Library of France. In the 18th century, several abridged translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' emerged in Europe,such as Jacques François Vandermonde's ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu'', Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'',etc.<br />
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====Research and evaluation period (19th century)====<br />
From the 17th to 18th centuries, European readers' acceptance of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' remained at the level of collection, introduction, and translation. In the 19th century, as botanist, chemists, naturalists, zoologists, pharmacologists and other scholars joined the reader group of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', the research on this book and Chinese medicine was also gradually carried out, including the drawing of drug maps, the collection and analysis of drug specimens, and the interpretation and evaluation of the drugs contained in the book from the perspective of chemistry and pharmacology in Europe at that time. The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has gained a wider audience in Europe.<br />
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====Cultural impression construction period (20-21st century)====<br />
In the 20th to 21st century, the dissemination and reception methods became increasingly widespread, and this book was also exhibited through museums and international academic conferences.Through various channels such as discussions and documentaries, the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was disseminated to various countries. During this period, there are versions of Bernard Emms Read, Luo Xiwen...And the research on the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' by European scholars in modern times has shown a diversified trend.<br />
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===Conclusion===<br />
The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has been published for over 4 centuries. Over the long years, this great work has not been submerged. On the contrary, it has become even more brilliant under the polishing of time. It is a classic and precious work in traditional Chinese medicine culture, and also a pioneering work for traditional Chinese medicine culture to go abroad and spread overseas（Zhang Yan&Yin Na 2022）. Since the late 17th century, it has been introduced to various countries in Europe and America, and related translations and research have emerged accordingly. The translation and dissemination of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' not only demonstrate the strong vitality of traditional Chinese medicine, but also provide some inspiration and reference for modern medicine, promoting mutual exchange and cooperation between Eastern and Western medical cultures(Liu Runlan 2014). On the other hand, it greatly demonstrates the charm of traditional Chinese medicine culture as an important component of Chinese traditional culture, and also provides inspiration and reference for the translation and dissemination of Chinese cultural classics.<br />
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===References===<br />
[1] Du Halde杜赫德． ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise''《中华帝国全志》［M］． London 伦敦: E Cave 凯夫，1738．<br />
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[2] Needham，J李约瑟． ''Science and Civilisation in China''《中国科学技术史》［M］．Cambridge 剑桥: Cambridge University Press 剑桥大学出版社，1954．<br />
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[3]李时珍Li Shizhen ．《本草纲目》''Compendium of Materia Medica''［M］． 罗希文译Translated by Luo Xiwen． 北京 Beijing: 外文出版社Foreign Language Press，2004．<br />
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[4]李时珍 Li Shizhen.《本草纲目》''Compendium of Materia Medica''［M].明万历二十一年癸已In the 21st year of the Ming Wanli reign (1593)金陵胡承龙刻本Jinling Hu Chenglong Inscription．<br />
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[5] 张秀平Zhang Xiuping，王晓明Wang Xiaoming． 影响中国的 100 本书100 ''Books that Have Influnenced China''［M].南宁Nanning: 广西人民出版社Guangxi People's Publishing House，1993．<br />
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[6] 张焱Zhang Yan,尹娜Yin Na.《本草纲目》在欧美的译介与传播''Translation and Communications of Materia Medica in Europe and America'' [J].华北理工大学学报(社会科学版) Journal of North China University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition),2022,22(05):126-133. <br />
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[7] 潘吉星Pan Jixing．《本草纲目》之东被及西渐''Compendium of Materia Medica: The East and West''［J］． 中国药学杂志Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal，1983( 10) : 11－18．<br />
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[8] 付璐Fu Lu．《本草纲目》在欧洲的流传研究''The Transmission of BengCaoGangMu in Europe'' [D]．北京Beijing：中国中医科学院China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences，2020．<br />
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[9] 付璐Fu Lu．浅谈《中华帝国全志》对《本草纲目》的翻译与传播''On the Translation and Dissemination of Compendium of Materia Medica by The General History of China''［J］．中医杂志Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine，2019,60（15）:1265-1276.<br />
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[10] 潘吉星Pan Jixing．关于李时珍《本草纲目》外文译文的几个问题''Several Questions about the Foreign Translation of Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica''［J］．中医杂志Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,1980(3):62-66.<br />
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[11] 高晞Gao Xi．十五世纪以来中医在西方的传播与研究''The Spread and Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the West since the 15th Century''［J］．中医药文化Chinese Medical Culture，2015（6）:15-24.<br />
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[12]刘润兰Liu Runlan.《本草纲目》在海外的传播与影响''The Spread and Influence of Compendium of Materia Medica Overseas'' [J].世界中西医结合杂志World Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine,2014,9(01):89-90.<br />
[13]王秋玲Wang Qiuling,斯琴图Si Qintu.什么是“本草纲目”? ''What is "Compendium of Materia Medica"?'' [J]. 少儿国学.Children's Traditional Chinese Studies,2022(03):38-39.<br />
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[14]杨舒佳Yang Shujia. 《神农本草经》训诂史研究''A study on the History of Exegesis in Shennong’s Herbal Classic'' [D].北京中医药大学Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,2021.<br />
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[15]张晟星Zhang Shengxing.《本草纲目》的翻译与传播''Translation and Dissemination of Compendium of Materia Medica'' [J].上海科技翻译Shanghai Journal of Translators for Science and Technology,2003(01):55.<br />
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[16]黄志杰Huang Zhijie.《本草纲目》导读''Introduction to Compendium of Materia Medica'' [J].中医函授通讯Bulletin of Traditional Chinese Medicine Correspondence,2000(03):4-6.<br />
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[17]王吉民Wang Jimin． 祖国医药文化流传海外考''A Textual Research on the Spread of Chinese Medical Culture Overseas'' [M].广州Guangzhou: 广东人民出版社Guangdong People's Publishing House，2011．</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20230630_final_exam_03&diff=15577120230630 final exam 032023-06-11T08:26:12Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 202270081667 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 英语笔译(English translation) */</p>
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<div>=202270081667 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
==Systematic Literature Review of the English Translation of ''The Analects''==<br />
<center>谢佳玉Xie Jiayu，202270081667</center><br />
===Abstract===<br />
''The Analects of Confucius'' is a classic work of Chinese Confucianism and one of the most authoritative books in Chinese history. It plays an important role in the history of Sino-Western cultural exchange. The English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' has always been a hot topic for study. The author selects 32 articles, including all essays in the last five years and the most cited in the past, and divides them into five aspects: the analysis and comparison of translations, the translator's perspective, the translation of unique cultural or linguistic phenomena, the problems in the existing English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and the dissemination of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West. This paper is a literature review of the achievements made by scholars in this field, which also points out the deficiencies, so as to promote the development of translation of Confucian classics and related studies.<br />
===Key Words===<br />
''The Analects of Confucius'', English translation, Literature review<br />
===《论语》英译研究文献综述===<br />
===摘要===<br />
===关键词===<br />
===Introduction===<br />
''The Analects of Confucius'' (Lun Yu) is one of the most important works of Confucianism, which records the remarks of Confucius and his disciples. It occupies a very important position in the history of Chinese literature and ideology. It not only has a profound influence in China, but also is one of the earliest works translated into English and spread in the West in ancient Chinese classics, and is also one of the most translated and interpreted Chinese classics.<br />
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The translation of traditional Chinese classics, especially the Confucian classics, was accomplished by the cultural exchanges between China and the West since the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. ''The Analects of Confucius'' was first translated into the Western language at the end of the 16th century. A Latin translation of the Four Books by Western missionaries led by Matteo Ricci was published in 1594. The first English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' can be found in ''The Work of Confucius'' by Joshua Marshman, a missionary, but it is just an abridged translation and is not complete. It was not until 1861 that the first widely influential translation was published, which was ''Confucian Analects'' written by Lames Legge, a British missionary and Sinologist. Since then, English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' have been published, and Western countries have had a rudimentary understanding of Chinese culture. Gu Hongming's English version, which was published in 1898, also has a profound impact. In addition, Arthur Waley and D. C. Lau, a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and others also provide excellent translations. Up to now, there have been more than 40 English translations of The Analects of Confucius, each of which has its own characteristics with different translation methods and different styles. With so many English translations, the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' has naturally become a hot spot of research.<br />
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The earliest essay about the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' was published in 1996 in CNKI. Until now, the study of English translation has gone for more than 20 years. In order to understand the achievements and current situation of the research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', the author collates and analyzes the articles about it in the past five years, providing references for further research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''.<br />
===Literature Review of the English Translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''===<br />
The author classifies and makes statistics on the studies of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. The essays come from China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Google Scholar. The author used the keyword "English translation of The Analects" to search on CNKI, there are a total of 121 academic dissertations and 331 journal papers, of which, from 2018 to 2023, there are 27 academic dissertations and 81 journal papers, 19 of which are published in core journals. In the past five years, the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in foreign countries is much less than that in China. The author searched on Google Scholar and only got a few essays, all written by Chinese scholars.<br />
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On the basis of the searched essays, the author selected the papers published in domestic core journals in the past five years, the 13 most cited essays in the past, and the 5 English essays searched on Google Scholar. After further screening of these essays, 32 eligible essays were finally selected for research. This paper analyzes the achievements of domestic scholars the existing problems and the future development direction in this field.<br />
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According to research, in general, the research of Chinese scholars on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' mainly focuses on the following aspects: the analysis and comparison of translations, the translator's perspective, the translation of unique cultural or linguistic phenomena, the problems in the existing English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and the dissemination of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West.<br />
====The Analysis and Comparison of Translations====<br />
The analysis of translation is an important method to study translation practice. Therefore, there are many essays studying from this perspective. Scholars mainly study translations from three aspects: the study of one translation, the study of two or more translations, and the study of single or multiple translations based on theory.<br />
The study of one translation is mainly focused on the comparison and analysis between the translation and the original. Zhang Defu (2021) analyzed Ni Peimin's distinctive English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. He explored the gongfu orientation and its application of it in Ni's translation and revealed that the gongfu orientation is an effective way to understand the core concepts of Confucianism and interpret the original text of ''The Analects of Confucius'', which has reference significance for inheriting and carrying forward the essence of the thought of Confucian classics and even traditional Chinese cultural classics. The study of one translation can make people more thoroughly understand the characteristics of the translation, and more comprehensively and profoundly understand it.<br />
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The study of two or more translations is mainly a comparative study of different translations. The comparative analysis of different versions is a common topic in the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. Huang Guowen (2012) made a comparative analysis of different English versions of ''The Analects of Confucius'', and mainly discussed the process of translation of classic books, showing that the translation of classic books like ''The Analects of Confucius'' usually goes through two stages of "intralingual translation" and "interlingual translation" based on cases. When translating classic books into modern English, translators should first translate the source text written in classical Chinese into modern Chinese, and then translate it into modern English. This conclusion has enlightening significance for the translation of classical books and research of it.<br />
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Many scholars analyze one or multiple translations based on a certain theory. This kind of essay accounts for the highest proportion, which shows that it is a relatively popular form of study.<br />
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Meng Jian, Qu Tao, Xia Yang (2012) analyzed the translation characteristics of Gu Hongming's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the perspective of adaptation theory and studied how to achieve maximum equivalence in cross-cultural translation under the influence of different cultural contexts. They believed that in translation, the translator should make dynamic adaptations according to different contexts and overcome the influence of different cultural contexts, then conveying the cultural connotation of the original as much as possible.<br />
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Zhang Xiaoman, Liu Yuyang (2018) analyzed Liu Dianjue's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' based on the theory of translation norms. The theory of translation introduces cultural memes into translation, involving many disciplines such as philosophy, linguistics and sociology. Based on this theory, the author analyzed the translation norms behind the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', and believed that the translation is consistent with the expectancy norms and professional norms. They concluded that translation should satisfy the expectations of target language readers and the transplanting of cultural content needs to arouse the spiritual resonance of target language readers.<br />
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Zhou Qian (2023) studied Xu Yuanchong's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the perspective of Eco-translatology. She thought that combing this kind of text with the ecological translation can make the obscure text fully reveal the inner meaning. In the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', Xu Yuanchong fully grasped the translational ecological environment, and achieved the ecological balance based on the adaptation and selection to the translation environment.<br />
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Some scholars made a comparative analysis of the two or more translations based on a certain theory. Chen Yang (2009) compared the three English versions of ''The Analects of Confucius'' with systematic functional linguistics and carried out functional discourse analysis, aiming to objectively evaluate the effect of the translation by comparing the functional parameters of the original text and the target text. The author believed that the theory of systemic functional linguistics can help to explain the choice of language in different versions of ''The Analects of Confucius'', and also provide a certain basis for the evaluation of translations.<br />
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Li Gang, Li Jinshu (2013) chose the descriptive translation studies. Because every translation is a product of a specific historical and cultural context, this theory is helpful to better understand and explain the translation phenomenon. They selected many English versions, analyzed the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the context of Western centralism and cultural centralism respectively, and believed that the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' has realized a gradual process from seeking common to reserving differences.<br />
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Huang Guowen, Chen Ying (2014) used the concept of variation in the framework of Systematic Functional Linguistics, focused on the issues of variation in language use and variation in translation, and made a comparative analysis of multiple English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius''. They believed that there are three types of variation in the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' variation in register, variation in textual structure, and variation in language choice.<br />
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All the above essays used Western theories as guidance, while Yao Cuiping (2022) chose Lin Yutang's translation standard as the guidance, and compared the English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' by James Legge, Waley, and Gu Hongming. The paper analyzed the serious and common mistakes in the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and put forward some suggestions on how to modify them.<br />
====Studies from the Translator's Perspective====<br />
Since the 1970s, under the influence of the "cultural turn", the perspective and focus of the research of translation theory have shifted to the translator to varying degrees, and the translator's identity, status and role in translation activities have been rethought and repositioned, the translator's subjectivity has been gradually highlighting in the theoretical level. (Zhu Xianlong, Xie Baoxia 2006, 65) Therefore, when scholars study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', the analysis from the translator's perspective cannot be ignored. <br />
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Throughout the history of Chinese and Western translation, translation activities have been dominated by specific translation theories in different periods, which have potentially restricted the translator's practice to varying degrees. Therefore, Zhu Xianlong, Xie Baoxia (2006) studied the transition process of the translator's identity in translation activities from the perspective of the historical evolution of translation theory, and analyzed the reasons for the change of the translator's identity from the philosophical level. Translation theory has realized the transformation from language to literature and then to culture, and the translator's identity has also changed from being lower than the author to being considered to play a decisive role in translation activities, and the importance of the translator has gradually manifested. <br />
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Many scholars emphasized that translators hold a principal status. Based on Lefevere's theory of rewriting and Verschueren's theory of adaptation, Xu Jun, Xiao Haiyan (2018) analyzed the influence of ideology and poetics on Legge and Waley's translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and how translators make adaptive decisions in the manipulation of ideology and poetics, and concluded that the process of translation is the process in which the translator exerts his subjectivity under specific conditions of constraints, and the process in which the mainstream ideology and poetics interact with the translator's subjectivity. Therefore, he believed that the study of the English translation of classical works should not ignore the study of the translator's subjectivity.<br />
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Yang Lin (2020) also emphasized the translator's subjectivity, but he focused on analyzing the different strategies adopted by Chinese and Western translators for different translation purposes. Gu Hongming tried to change the image of China in the minds of Westerners, so he adopted domestication in his translation, while Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont adopted foreignization.<br />
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Zhang Xiaoman, Sun Xiaolu (2022) believed that there exists a cyclic transformational dialogue relationship between the author, translator and reader in Gu Hongming's English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', which makes the ideas of ''The Analects of Confucius'' give birth to the new quality of culture in the cyclic dialogue, thus driving the inheritance and transmission of culture.<br />
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In terms of the application of the translator's subjectivity, there is one translator in the history of Chinese translation who has taken it to the extreme. With the aim of promoting Chinese culture, his translation plays an important role in the history of Chinese and foreign translation. He is Gu Hongming, a master of studies of Chinese ancient civilization. Gu Hongming was the first Chinese in the history of translating Confucian classics into English. On the basis of following the idea of the original work, Gu Hongming's translation reflects the translator's subjectivity in many places. Therefore, most scholars chose Gu Hongming's translation as the research object when studying the translator's subjectivity.<br />
====Studies on the Translation of Unique Cultural or Linguistic Phenomena====<br />
Because Chinese culture has a long historical background and unique cultural connotation, some unique cultural phenomena cannot be translated, which brings difficulties to the English translation of Chinese classics such as The Analects of Confucius.<br />
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The core concept words in the book bear the most representative thoughts of Confucianism and have distinct cultural characteristics. Therefore, the translator often has difficulties in finding corresponding words in the target language, or these words have different meanings in the two cultures. The core concept words account for a large proportion of The Analects of Confucius, and whether the translation of these words is appropriate also determines the quality of the whole translation of the book to a large extent. So some scholars choose the translation of a certain core concept for research.<br />
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"Junzi" is commonly used in ''The Analects of Confucius''. Since Western missionaries translated Confucian classics, this word has had many translated versions. Han Xing, Han Qiuyu (2016) analyzed and compared the similarities and differences of the concept of "Junzi" in the popular English translations of James Legge and Arthur Waley in combination with the moral and political implications of the concept itself in Confucian culture. The author believed that Legge's translation "the superior man" is more reasonable, because not only this translation has spread widely, but also Legge's grasp of the concept of "Junzi" is more accurate.<br />
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"Ren" is the core of Confucius' thought, the highest morality in Confucius' ethical thought and the sum of all morals, and ''The Analects of Confucius'' has also endowed "Ren" with rich connotation. Different translators have different understandings and translations of "Ren", and the translation of it plays a very important role in the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', which should be paid attention to. Yang Ping (2008) summarized and analyzed various translations of "Ren", and argued that "Ren" is best translated by transliteration to preserve its spiritual essence and convey Confucius' ideas objectively.<br />
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"Tian" is also a core idea in ''The Analects of Confucius''. Zhang Zheng, Hu Wenxiao (2015) analyzed "Tian" in ''The Analects of Confucius'', and summarized and compared different translations of it. The author believed that "heaven" and "god" not only cannot fully convey the connotation of "Tian", but also easily make readers associate with Western religions. Therefore, using transliteration to translate "Tian" is more concise and appropriate, and annotations and explanations can be added according to specific contexts.<br />
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Guo Yuqing (2022) selected the translation of "Xiao" in ''The Analects of Confucius'' as the research object. The author used LancsBox, a new corpus analysis tool, compared the similarities and differences of the core concept "Xiao" between the two English translations by Gu Hongming and James Legge and analyzed the reasons for the differences.<br />
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Deng Jie (2022) studied the two core concepts of "Li" and "Junzi" that frequently appear in ''The Analects of Confucius'', comparing and analyzing the translation methods of James Legge and Gu Hongming in accordance with their social and cultural background and translation motivation, and exploring the similarities and differences between the two translators in their understanding of Confucian thoughts. It can be seen that scholars advocate transliteration for the translation of core concepts. In this kind of study, the author often evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of each translation on the core concept in combination with his personal interpretation of traditional Confucian thought and put forward his own views, so this kind of study will evitably have the tendency of subjectivity.<br />
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The indigenous concept refers to the unique concept or information that a language community has developed in the course of its history, culture, society and way of thinking. For translators, it is difficult to convey the indigenous concepts to the target language culture. Therefore, Li Guangwei, Ge Lingling (2018) studied the indigenous concepts in ''The Analects of Confucius''. According to Qi Yucun’s criteria of cultural classification, the paper divided the indigenous concepts into three categories: material culture, system and custom culture, and spiritual culture, and based on a parallel corpus, studied the English version of Gu Hongming. The author believed that translators should actively adapt to the different contexts of the target culture at the surface level, middle level and deep level and adopt corresponding translation strategies for different categories of indigenous concepts.<br />
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Culture-loaded words are also a big difficulty in the translation. They are as closely related to culture as the indigenous concepts. Relying on the Chinese ideological and cultural terminology Library under the project of “Chinese ideological and cultural terminology communication project”, Yang Dan (2022) combed and summarized the culture-loaded words in ''The Analects of Confucius'' translated by Legge, Gu Hongming and Arthur Waley, and made a comparative study of different translations from three aspects: language, culture, and communication from the eco perspective. The author believed that when dealing with culture-loaded words, the translator should preserve the style and characteristics of the source language as much as possible, and take into account both the source language culture and the target language culture.<br />
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Some scholars studied the translation of sentences. There are various types of topic sentences in ''The Analects of Confucius'', which are widely distributed. Wang Yong, Qin Si (2022) analyzed the distribution and characteristics of topic sentences in ''The Analects of Confucius'' and studied the translation strategies of topic sentences in the English translation by James Legge. Legge mainly adopted the translation strategy of domestication at the syntactic level, which conforms to the linguistic features of English.<br />
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In addition to the above studies, Xue Bing, Xiang Mingyou (2020) also used DocuScope and relevant statistical tools to make inductive statistics and comparison of rhetorical features in the English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' by Legge and Waley, to analyze the difference in rhetorical effects of different translations. Digital research tools can enrich the existing English translation studies of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in research methods and research perspectives and provide new ideas for translation research.<br />
====Studies on the Problems in the Existing English Translations of ''The Analects of Confucius''====<br />
Some scholars studied the problems in the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. Misinterpretation of the original text is one of the most common problems in English translation.<br />
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Under the guidance of the theory of the manipulation of ideology, Xu Jun (2010) took the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' by Arthur Waley as a case study, analyzed the misinterpretation and mistranslation in the translation of cultural classics, and pointed out that the misinterpretation and mistranslation are closely related to ideology.<br />
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Liu Zhengguang, Chen Yi, Xu Haoqi (2016) also studied Authur Waley's English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', but their focus was on deviations in his translation. Based on the relevant principles of cognitive linguistics, the author analyzed various deviations in the translation process of Arthur Waley from the translator's individual cognitive style, discussed the influence of the translator's subjectivity on understanding the source language and translating from different dimensions and explained the deep cognitive causes of various deviations. Applying the relevant principles of cognitive linguistics to the analysis of "deviation" can, to some extent, trigger scholars to think deeply about "domestication" and "foreignization".<br />
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The view of "Wen" and "Zhi" is an important part of Confucius' ethical thought, and ''The Analects of Confucius'' is the main carrier of it. When translating The Analects of Confucius, the translator inevitably misinterprets it, which will have a negative impact on cross-cultural communication.<br />
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Fang Xing, Yang Yanyan (2019) believed that James Legge's, and Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont's translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' misinterpreted the view of "Wen" and "Zhi". Their paper analyzed the true essence of Confucius' view of "Wen" and "Zhi", explored the reasons for their misinterpretations of it and put forward some solutions. Their study is of great significance for revealing the true meaning of Confucius' ethical thought, correcting misinterpretation in translations, and promoting the dissemination of Confucius' classics.<br />
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Liu Yuyu (2019) paid attention to the problem of Counter-west Centerlism, who believed that it is always a problem that cannot be wiped out. The author analyzed the translation of the keywords "Tian" and "Ren" in Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont's translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. Although the two translators adopt the translation strategy of foreignization, the "otherization" of Chinese culture is hidden behind it. The author believed that overemphasis on cultural differences can not effectively achieve the purpose of Counter-west Centerlism, and it is necessary to eliminate the bias of cultural relativism.<br />
====Studies on the dissemination of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West====<br />
The above essays are to study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from different perspectives based on different theories. In addition to studying the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the linguistic level, there are also studies on its translation and dissemination in the West from the macro level of culture. The translation, dissemination and research of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West can be traced back to the 16th century.<br />
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The translation of Chinese classics is an important part of promoting the dissemination of Chinese culture in the world. The process of translation, dissemination, acceptance and study of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West is a microcosm of translation, dissemination, and acceptance of Chinese culture. Li Weirong, Liang Huina, Wu Suxin (2015) introduced three stages of translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West, including the beginning, the maturity and prosperity and expansion of the translation and research in the West, presenting the whole picture of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West.<br />
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Wang Yan (2010) focused on the development of contemporary Western Sinology. The author believed that the contemporary English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' mainly appeared after the 1990s, which was influenced by the trend of contemporary Western Sinology research. This paper analyzed the development tendency of Sinology in the United States and the characteristics of the contemporary English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. The contemporary English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' not only enriches Sinology itself, but also promotes the dialogue and exchange between Western Sinology and Chinese academic circles.<br />
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Western Sinology appeared in the late Ming and Qing dynasties while the missionaries went missionary works in China. Jiang Zhe (2019) believed that there is a two-way communication between Western Sinology and Chinese Confucianism. The author discussed the English translations and interpretations of “Xin Jin Yu Yi, Yan Ke Fu YE” in Liu Dianjue's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and argued that they fully embody the two-way communication between Western Sinology and Chinese Confucianism. <br />
Gu Huijuan (2019) studied the international communication of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the perspective of the publication of English translation. The paper introduced the translation and publication history of The Analects of Confucius, compared several representative versions, summed up the historical experience from the international communication of Chinese traditional culture, and explored the means of Chinese culture "going out". The author believed that the publication of translation should truly "enter" or integrate into the cultural system of the target language in order to better disseminate Chinese culture around the world.<br />
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Zhang Xiaoxue (2019) collected statistics on the number of citations of English versions of The Analects of Confucius in Google Scholar to understand the influence of these translations, and discussed the influence of the factors of the translator, environment, translation, reader and feedback on the effect of reception of the translation in the process of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. This paper revealed the means to achieve success in the translation of classical works and provided a reference for promoting the dissemination of traditional Chinese culture to the world.<br />
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Qin Hongwu, Kong Lei, Xu Xin (2020) also studied from the perspective of the reception of the readers. The paper compared and analyzed the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and the non-translational Confucian texts for communication, and observed the possible factor influencing the effect of communication of the translations of ''The Analects of Confucius''.<br />
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Liu Hongwei, Wang Xiangling (2020) combined the advantages of other classical communication models, established a new equal intercommunication model of translation and dissemination of traditional Chinese cultural classics, and propose some application principles to promote the dissemination of traditional Chinese culture, which has a certain use for reference in translations and research of Chinese literature.<br />
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Han Fule, Liu Yan (2020) expounded on the dissemination and translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the UK from four periods, and considered ways to effectively disseminate Chinese ideology and culture, which provides reference and guidance for the effective dissemination of Chinese ideology and culture.<br />
===Deficiencies and Reflections on the Study of the English Translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''===<br />
Through the overview of the research results of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the past five years, it can be seen that with the continuous deepening of the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', the perspective of the study is no longer single, not only from the aspects of language, but also from different perspectives such as philosophy, history and culture. With the development of science and technology, more and more scholars use technical tools to study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', such as corpus. Corpus-based translation studies can provide guidance for English translation in terms of vocabulary, translation standards and principles. In addition, the selection of English translations is no longer limited to the most classic translations, and the objects of study are more diverse. Although the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' is becoming more and more mature with continuous study, there are still some areas to be improved.<br />
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Firstly, although the perspective of the study is more abundant, the study on the cultural level is still relatively absent. Even though some scholars pay attention to the cultural level and conduct research on it, they pay more attention to the differences in ideology, and few scholars conduct systematic research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the aspects of philosophy and politics. As a Chinese classic, it was formed with a certain historical and cultural background, so the study of the English translation of it can also be explored from the aspects of history and philosophy.<br />
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Secondly, up to now, there have been more than 40 full English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'', providing a large number of objects for studies. However, most researchers chose the translations of James Legge, Gu Hongming, and Waley, and ignored other translations. Therefore, to study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the future, the first thing to do is to have a detailed and overall grasp of the previous studies, so as to avoid repeated studies, which will reduce the research value. At the same time, for different translations, most researchers only analyzed their differences, and did not summarize the general characteristics and influencing factors of translations in a certain period.<br />
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Thirdly, in terms of combining theories, scholars have chosen many different translation theories to study, but many studies are limited to superficial phenomena without further exploration.<br />
===Conclusion===<br />
As one of the classics of Confucianism, ''The Analects of Confucius'' has exerted a profound influence on the thought and culture of the Chinese nation and has many English translations. Therefore, the study of the English translation of The Analects of Confucius should become the focus of attention. The study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' is different from the general translation studies. It also undertakes the task of the communication of Chinese traditional culture to the outside world. The purpose of it is to improve the level of the English translation of Chinese classics and better promote the spread of Chinese traditional culture in the world. As one of the research hotspots, great achievements have been made in the study of the English translation of The Analects of Confucius. The research contents are increasingly enriched and refined, and the research perspectives are increasingly diversified. However, there is still room for improvement, and it is hoped that this paper can provide a reference for the English translation and research of The Analects of Confucius and even all classical works.<br />
<br />
This paper summarizes the essays on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the past five years, but does not study the foreign studies on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. There are many foreign essays on ''The Analects of Confucius'', but there are few essays specifically on it, so this paper does not involve the current situation of foreign research, and the review is not very comprehensive. In the future, the author hopes to make a more comprehensive analysis of this field in combination with foreign research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''.<br />
===References===<br />
<br />
=202270081681 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
==On the Dissemination and Translation of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe==<br />
<center>Zhang Yuyan 202270081681 </center><br />
<br />
===Abstract===<br />
This paper is on the dissemination and translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''( ''Ben Cao Gang Mu'') in Europe. In the wave of globalization, the earth is increasingly becoming a small village. Pandemics such as cholera, the black death, SARS and COVID-19 has made us realize that the promotion of human health depends on the combination of multiple medical systems. In this context, it is necessary to trace back the history of the translation and dissemination of traditional Chinese medicine books, which will undoubtedly further enhance their influence abroad and show the world the splendid traditional culture of China in a more comprehensive way.<br />
<br />
The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was written by Li Shizhen,an outstanding medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty. He himself not only attached great importance to the achievements of previous medical works, inherited and carried forward former experience, but also had original research achievements. As one of the most comprehensive, abundant, and systematic books on traditional Chinese medicine in ancient China, the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has already had a history of over 400 years. It was at the end of the 17th century that it spread to Europe. In the 18th century, there were abridged and complete translations of French, English, German, Russian, and other languages. Later, it attracted in-depth research and received high praise from overseas scholars, and it has been a hot topic to this today.<br />
<br />
Taking the dissemination and translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe as the starting point, the paper will review, analyze, and summarize its major French and English versions from the 18th century to the 20th century. Besides, it briefly divides its dissemination history into three stages-from 17th to the 18th century, the 19th century, and the 20th to the 21st century(Fu Lu 2020), aiming to sort out the context and provide some historical references for medical exchanges in this era of globalization(Gao Xi 2015).<br />
<br />
===Key Words===<br />
the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''; translation;cultural dissemination; historical references<br />
<br />
===《本草纲目》在欧洲的译介和传播===<br />
<center>张玉燕 202270081681 </center><br />
<br />
===摘要===<br />
在全球化的浪潮下，地球日益成为一个小小的村落。霍乱、黑死病、SARS、新冠等大流行的出现，使我们意识到人类健康需要依靠多种医学体系的相互交融和发展。在此背景下，回溯中医书籍翻译和传播的历史，无疑将进一步增强其在国外的影响力，更全面地向世界展示中华民族灿烂悠久的传统文化。<br />
<br />
《本草纲目》为明代杰出医药学家李时珍所著，他既高度重视历史医药著作的成果、继承发扬前人的医药经验，又有李时珍本人原创性的研究成就，《本草纲目》是我国古代著作中论述中药最全面、最丰富、最系统的典籍，成书已有400多年的历史，早在17世纪末就流传到欧洲，18世纪陆续出现了法、英、德、俄等语言的节选或完整译本。随后引起了海外学者的深入研究和高度评价，至今仍是热点。<br />
<br />
本文以《本草纲目》在欧洲的译介和传播为切入点，对其18世纪-20世纪的法文、英文译本进行回顾、分析和总结(付璐 2020），并将《本草纲目》在欧洲的传播史按时间跨度大致分为三个阶段：17-18世纪、19世纪、20世纪-21世纪，旨在梳理脉络，为当今全球化时代的医学交流提供某些历史借鉴(高晞 2015)。<br />
<br />
===关键词===<br />
《本草纲目》;译介;文化传播;历史借鉴<br />
<br />
===Introduction===<br />
Li Shizhen was a famous medical scientist of the Ming Dynasty. After several years of medicine practice, he found that there were many mistakes in ancient Chinese herbal books and decided to recompile one. In the 31st year of Jiajing (1552), Li Shizhen began to compile the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', which was based on ''Classified Materia Medica'' . To ensure the accuracy of the information, he referred to more than 800 books, and investigated many places on the spot. Since the 44th year Jiajing(1565), Li Shizhen had been to Wudang Mountain, Lushan Mountain, Maoshan Mountain, Niushoushan Mountain, Hunan province, Hubei province, Jiangxi province and other places to collect drug samples and prescriptions, figuring out many difficult issues. After 27 years of unswerving efforts and three revisions,the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''， the giant work of 1.92 million words, was completed.<br />
<br />
What is the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''( ''Ben Cao Gang Mu'')? Chinese people seem to be familiar with "Ben Cao Gang Mu". However, once they are asked, few can explain them clearly. Since ancient times, there have been many drugs used to treat diseases, including plants, animals, and minerals,among which there is a big difference in quantity. Herb(cao), a plant, accounts for the largest proportion. Therefore, the ancients had been using the phrase "materia medica"(ben cao) to represent medicine. As for "compendium"(gang mu), the rope used by fishermen to pull up the fishing net is "gang", and the mesh on the fishing net is "mu".When the fishing net is opened, it is called "gang ju mu zhang", which is the original of the word "gang mu"(Wang Qiuling&Si Qintu 2022). When the concept of "compendium"(gang mu) is applied to book writing, it becomes a traditional form of Chinese chronicle compilation.<br />
<br />
The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' consists of 52 volumes, which is essentially a dictionary of ancient medicines（Huang Zhijie 2000）. Based on the theoretical content in the ''Shennong’s Herbal Classic''(Yang Shujia 2021),the first and second volumes are preface examples, in which the viewpoints of scholars from different eras and of Li Shizhen himself are added. It aims to understand the performance, usage principles, and methods of drugs in traditional Chinese medicine. In the third and fourth volumes, the drugs are classified according to their performance and indications, reflecting the spirit of syndrome differentiation and treatment. The remaining 48 volumes are all about drugs, totaling 1892 types.<br />
<br />
===The Translation of Compendium of Materia Medica in Europe===<br />
English translation of traditional Chinese medicine plays an crucial role in the process of internationalization. Accurate translation can express the connotation of basic terminology, convey the medical principles and cultural characteristics, promote the concept of health preservation and prevention, and promote characteristic therapy of traditional Chinese medicine.<br />
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In this chapter, it will analyze the French and English versions of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in the 18th-21st century. In terms of this, the scholar Pan Jixing pointed out in the article ''Compendium of Materia Medica: The East and West''(1983) , ＂Jacques François Vandermonde's ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu'' , Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'' and the works of Bernard Emms Read have partially translated the content of Li Shizhen's ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. ＂As for the complete translation, we can miss the English version translated by Luo Xiwen in 2004.<br />
<br />
====Abridged Translations====<br />
=====Jacques François Vandermonde's ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu''=====<br />
Dr. Joseph Needham, a British biochemist and historian of science, recorded in the Science and Civilization in China (1954)," Jacques Francois Vandermonde, a French doctor, had been practicing medicine in Macao, China for over 10 years. In 1732, he accidentally got a book of ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. According to its recorded drugs, he collected over 80 kinds of mineral samples. Later, with the help of Chinese people, he explained the samples one by one according to the original description of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', and attached them with corresponding labels. He also wrote a manuscript titled ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu'' ,which can be seen as an abridged French translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''." <br />
<br />
Written in French, this manuscript consists of one volume, with a total of 90 pages in the main text. Each paragraph is preceded by a serial number, and the corresponding Chinese name of the drug is written in the margin,such as "zao xin tu"(oven earth) ,"xiong huang"( red orpiment),"gan cao"( licorice). In this manuscript, he extracted and translated the names, origins, properties, five flavors,manufacturing methods, and efficacy of some mineral drugs from the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''.For example, when describing the origin,we have the expression "金牙生蜀郡 ， 如金色者良"(Li Shizhen 1593) in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' and " jinya stone is a golden stone produced in Sichuan "in ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu''. For another example, when talking about property, we have "出煅灶中，如尘紫色，轻者为佳，亦以磨莹铜器用之" (Li Shizhen 1593)in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' and " Iron powder is considered to be the red powder found in casting furnaces. The lightest is the best, and it is used for polishing copper ware "in Jacques Francois Vandermonde 's manuscript. As for manufacturing methods, we have "其法用白锡和银薄及水银合成之，凝硬如银，合炼有法"(Li Shizhen 1593) in Li Shizhen's book, and "This is a mixture made by melting an equal amount of silver and mercury" in the book of Jacques François Vandermonde...<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, the specimens collected by Jacques Francois Vandermonde and his translations did not receive much attention at the time. It was until the year of 1839 that Edouard Constant Biot, a French sinologist, collaborated with friends to analyze those mineral specimens and made the results public. In 1896, with the help of Chinese people(Zhang Xiuping&Wang Xiaoming 1993), F.de Mely and M.H.Courel published the entire excerpt, bringing it back to light.Now, the manuscript has been preserved Museum national d'Histoire naturelle(Needham 1954).<br />
<br />
Generally speaking, when selectively translating, Jacques Francois Vandermonde translated the properties first,and then the origins, production methods, and efficacy. In terms of the translation of mineral drugs, he mainly adopted free translation and translated corresponding elements.<br />
<br />
=====Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise''=====<br />
During the same period, when Jacques Francois Vandermonde's manuscript was neglected, another abridged French translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''- ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', gained great fame.<br />
<br />
Published in Paris and edited by Jean Baptiste Du Halde(Du Halde 1738), this book was co-authored by 27 missionaries in China(Fu Lu&Xiao Yongzhi 2019). It has four volumes, and is a comprehensive work which introduces China from various aspects, covering ancient Chinese politics, religion, etiquette, customs, geography, medicine,customs,flora and fauna,etc. In this book, it also contains some selected translations from the first part of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. In page 437, Volume 3 of ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', there is a volume named ''Excerpts from the Compendium of Materia Medica''- ''Chinese Herbology or Chinese natural history of Medicine'' (Du Halde 1738). It introduces that the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was compiled by Li Shizhen, a Chinese medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty, and explains the details of its publication. In addition, it also selectively translated some 16 kinds of drugs in the book. <br />
<br />
Basically speaking, in terms of the translation of medicine names and prescriptions, Jean Baptiste Du Halde often adopted transliteration or literal translation. For example, he translated "人参'' into "JIN-SENG", "三七'' into"SAN-TSI'', "海马" into"Sea-Horse"（Du Halde 1738），复命汤"into"the medicine which restores lost life. At the same time, there are some mistakes in his translation because of cultural differences and conflicts.In terms of the translation of disease names and symptoms, free translation is often used. For example,"伤寒坏症"is translated into "For malignant fevers","怔忡自汗" into "For the palpitation of the heart, attended with sweating（Du Halde 1738）.<br />
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As the first French version of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' published in Europe, ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', enables European readers to have a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', which promotes European scholars' cognition of the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine, and was a landmark event for the spread of ''Compendium of Materia Medica''.<br />
<br />
===== Bernard Emms Read's translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''=====<br />
Though Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'' has spread widely and gained a lot of fame, it only contains a small part of drug translation in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. Therefore, Bernard Emms Read along with many Chinese and foreign scholars from the Beijing Society of Museums compiled a series of works on the study and abridged translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' at the beginning of the 20th century((Wang Jiming 2011). In this series, there are 8 works, including one botanical medicine work, one mineral medicine work, and six animal medicine works. It also refers to 12 departments of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'',such as "Jinshi department","grass department","grain department","vegetable department","fruit department","wood department","insect department","poultry department","animal department","human department"...<br />
<br />
As for the botanical medicine works, the book ''Chinese Medicinal Plants from the Pen Ts'ao Kang Mu'' ,which is co-authored by Bernard Emms Read and Liu Ruqiang, elaborates on more than 800 botanical medicines listed in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. It also covers the "grass department","grain department","vegetable department","fruit department" and "wood department"(from volume 12 to volume 37 of the original). ''A Compendium of Minerals and Stones Used in Chinese Medicine from the Pen T'sao Kang Mu'' is the mineral medicine work that is co-authored by Bernard Emms Read and C.Pek. It narrates the "Jinshi department (volume 8 to volume 11) in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'',carrying over a hundred types of mineral drugs. In terms of the animal drugs, there are 6 departments in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'',such as "insect department", "squamous department","poultry department"and "human department" .Bernard Emms Read translated it into 6 works for publication.<br />
<br />
In fact,several research works and translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' written by Bernard Emms Read differ greatly in style. As for his translation, only the "name" can be translated from the research works of plant medicine, while the "bone" can be translated from the research works of mineral medicine. It was not until the translation of nimal medicine section that the "flesh" and "form" were truly translated.<br />
<br />
=====The Boom of abridged translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''=====<br />
In the 18th century, the wave of "sinomania" rose in Europe. Once the French version ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'' was published,it attracted the attention of all walks of life and was translated into many languages successively. In 1735, the French edition was sold out.In 1736, its English version ''The General History of China'' was issued in London, which is called Ed. John Watts. From 1737 to 1741, there was Ed. E. Cave(Pan Jixin 1980)... With the translation and dissemination of the ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has been partially translated into French, English, German，Russian(Zhang Shengxin 2003)...<br />
<br />
====The Complete Translations of Luo Xiwen's ''Compendium of Materia Medica''====<br />
At the beginning of the 21st century, the complete English translation ''Compendium of Materia Medica''(Luo Xiwen 2004),which is translated by Luo Xiwen and published in Foreign Language Press, became the first and only complete English translation at present. <br />
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The book totals more than 6 million words(Li Shizhne 1593).As for arrangement, the original work of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' contains 52 volumes The transaltion is faithful to it, and ends up with 6 books. In the first book,it translated volume 1 to volume 4 of the original, involving prefaces of Wang Shizhen, Xia Xin, Zhang Dingsi, Li Jianyuan, "preface examples" and "prescriptions for various diseases".The second book translated volume 5 to volume 14, which includes ''water department","fire department","earth department","Jinshi department",and section 1 to section 3 of "grass department". The third book translated volume 15 to volume 22, including section 4 to section 11 of the "grass department" and the first part of "grain department". While the fourth book recounts volume 23 to volume 34, and involves section 2 to section 4 of "grain department". The fifth book translated volume 35 to volume 46, and contains the second part to sixth part of "wood department" The last book narrates volume 47 to volume 52, including "poultry department","animal department"and "human department".<br />
<br />
When it comes to the translation of each drug, it also follow the style of the original. Under specific drugs,their serial numbers are first listed,followed by their "Chinese Pinyin/Latin/English names, explanation of names, previous explanations, preparations, quality and taste, indications, explication and prescriptions. He uses Chinese Pinyin instead of Western Pinyin to promote Chinese culture.For some drugs, drug diagrams are attached in the text. Different from other translators, Luo Xiwen completely follows the style and content of the original from the beginning to the end. In terms of the attached table, Luo Wenxi's version contains a comparison table between the Chinese dynasties and AD era and is accompanied by various Chinese, English, and Latin indexes for readers to search for drugs.<br />
<br />
In short, several French and English translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' from the 18th century to the present have been introduced. Regardless of their quality, they have played a certain role in promoting the dissemination of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe. As for its dissemination, we will discuss it in detail in the next chapter.<br />
<br />
===The Dissemination of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe===<br />
Since the 17th century, the dissemination of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has never stopped. In this chapter, it roughly divides it into three stages: from the 17th to 18th century, the 19th century, and from the 20th to 21st century. <br />
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====Introduction and translation period (17th-18thcentury)====<br />
The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was written at the end of the 16th century. Now, it is uncertain when and by whom it was first transmitted to Europe.However, according to scholar Chen Hengxin's ''A Study on the Collection of Chinese Books in the French National Library'',when Jiachim Bouvet returned to France, he presented Louis XIV 49 Chinese books of 22 kinds, among which there was a set of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' hardbound in yellow silk. That is to say, just a century after the completion of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', it had already set foot on the land of Europe and entered the Royal Library of France. In the 18th century, several abridged translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' emerged in Europe,such as Jacques François Vandermonde's ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu'', Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'',etc.<br />
<br />
====Research and evaluation period (19th century)====<br />
From the 17th to 18th centuries, European readers' acceptance of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' remained at the level of collection, introduction, and translation. In the 19th century, as botanist, chemists, naturalists, zoologists, pharmacologists and other scholars joined the reader group of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', the research on this book and Chinese medicine was also gradually carried out, including the drawing of drug maps, the collection and analysis of drug specimens, and the interpretation and evaluation of the drugs contained in the book from the perspective of chemistry and pharmacology in Europe at that time. The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has gained a wider audience in Europe.<br />
<br />
====Cultural impression construction period (20-21st century)====<br />
In the 20th to 21st century, the dissemination and reception methods became increasingly widespread, and this book was also exhibited through museums and international academic conferences.Through various channels such as discussions and documentaries, the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was disseminated to various countries. During this period, there are versions of Bernard Emms Read, Luo Xiwen...And the research on the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' by European scholars in modern times has shown a diversified trend.<br />
<br />
===Conclusion===<br />
The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has been published for over 4 centuries. Over the long years, this great work has not been submerged. On the contrary, it has become even more brilliant under the polishing of time. It is a classic and precious work in traditional Chinese medicine culture, and also a pioneering work for traditional Chinese medicine culture to go abroad and spread overseas（Zhang Yan&Yin Na 2022）. Since the late 17th century, it has been introduced to various countries in Europe and America, and related translations and research have emerged accordingly. The translation and dissemination of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' not only demonstrate the strong vitality of traditional Chinese medicine, but also provide some inspiration and reference for modern medicine, promoting mutual exchange and cooperation between Eastern and Western medical cultures(Liu Runlan 2014). On the other hand, it greatly demonstrates the charm of traditional Chinese medicine culture as an important component of Chinese traditional culture, and also provides inspiration and reference for the translation and dissemination of Chinese cultural classics.<br />
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===References===<br />
[1] Du Halde杜赫德． ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise''《中华帝国全志》［M］． London 伦敦: E Cave 凯夫，1738．<br />
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[2] Needham，J李约瑟． ''Science and Civilisation in China''《中国科学技术史》［M］．Cambridge 剑桥: Cambridge University Press 剑桥大学出版社，1954．<br />
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[3]李时珍Li Shizhen ．《本草纲目》''Compendium of Materia Medica''［M］． 罗希文译Translated by Luo Xiwen． 北京 Beijing: 外文出版社Foreign Language Press，2004．<br />
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[4]李时珍 Li Shizhen.《本草纲目》''Compendium of Materia Medica''［M].明万历二十一年癸已In the 21st year of the Ming Wanli reign (1593)金陵胡承龙刻本Jinling Hu Chenglong Inscription．<br />
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[5] 张秀平Zhang Xiuping，王晓明Wang Xiaoming． 影响中国的 100 本书100 ''Books that Have Influnenced China''［M].南宁Nanning: 广西人民出版社Guangxi People's Publishing House，1993．<br />
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[6] 张焱Zhang Yan,尹娜Yin Na.《本草纲目》在欧美的译介与传播''Translation and Communications of Materia Medica in Europe and America'' [J].华北理工大学学报(社会科学版) Journal of North China University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition),2022,22(05):126-133. <br />
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[7] 潘吉星Pan Jixing．《本草纲目》之东被及西渐''Compendium of Materia Medica: The East and West''［J］． 中国药学杂志Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal，1983( 10) : 11－18．<br />
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[8] 付璐Fu Lu．《本草纲目》在欧洲的流传研究''The Transmission of BengCaoGangMu in Europe'' [D]．北京Beijing：中国中医科学院China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences，2020．<br />
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[9] 付璐Fu Lu．浅谈《中华帝国全志》对《本草纲目》的翻译与传播''On the Translation and Dissemination of Compendium of Materia Medica by The General History of China''［J］．中医杂志Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine，2019,60（15）:1265-1276.<br />
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[10] 潘吉星Pan Jixing．关于李时珍《本草纲目》外文译文的几个问题''Several Questions about the Foreign Translation of Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica''［J］．中医杂志Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,1980(3):62-66.<br />
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[11] 高晞Gao Xi．十五世纪以来中医在西方的传播与研究''The Spread and Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the West since the 15th Century''［J］．中医药文化Chinese Medical Culture，2015（6）:15-24.<br />
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[12]刘润兰Liu Runlan.《本草纲目》在海外的传播与影响''The Spread and Influence of Compendium of Materia Medica Overseas'' [J].世界中西医结合杂志World Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine,2014,9(01):89-90.<br />
[13]王秋玲Wang Qiuling,斯琴图Si Qintu.什么是“本草纲目”? ''What is "Compendium of Materia Medica"?'' [J]. 少儿国学.Children's Traditional Chinese Studies,2022(03):38-39.<br />
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[14]杨舒佳Yang Shujia. 《神农本草经》训诂史研究''A study on the History of Exegesis in Shennong’s Herbal Classic'' [D].北京中医药大学Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,2021.<br />
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[15]张晟星Zhang Shengxing.《本草纲目》的翻译与传播''Translation and Dissemination of Compendium of Materia Medica'' [J].上海科技翻译Shanghai Journal of Translators for Science and Technology,2003(01):55.<br />
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[16]黄志杰Huang Zhijie.《本草纲目》导读''Introduction to Compendium of Materia Medica'' [J].中医函授通讯Bulletin of Traditional Chinese Medicine Correspondence,2000(03):4-6.<br />
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[17]王吉民Wang Jimin． 祖国医药文化流传海外考''A Textual Research on the Spread of Chinese Medical Culture Overseas'' [M].广州Guangzhou: 广东人民出版社Guangdong People's Publishing House，2011．</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20230630_final_exam_03&diff=15577020230630 final exam 032023-06-11T08:19:43Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* Systematic Literature Review of the English Translation of The Analects */</p>
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<div>=202270081667 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
==Systematic Literature Review of the English Translation of ''The Analects''==<br />
<center>谢佳玉Xie Jiayu，202270081667</center><br />
===Abstract===<br />
''The Analects of Confucius'' is a classic work of Chinese Confucianism and one of the most authoritative books in Chinese history. It plays an important role in the history of Sino-Western cultural exchange. The English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' has always been a hot topic for study. The author selects 32 articles, including all essays in the last five years and the most cited in the past, and divides them into five aspects: the analysis and comparison of translations, the translator's perspective, the translation of unique cultural or linguistic phenomena, the problems in the existing English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and the dissemination of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West. This paper is a literature review of the achievements made by scholars in this field, which also points out the deficiencies, so as to promote the development of translation of Confucian classics and related studies.<br />
===Key Words===<br />
''The Analects of Confucius'', English translation, Literature review<br />
===《论语》英译研究文献综述===<br />
===摘要===<br />
===关键词===<br />
===Introduction===<br />
''The Analects of Confucius'' (Lun Yu) is one of the most important works of Confucianism, which records the remarks of Confucius and his disciples. It occupies a very important position in the history of Chinese literature and ideology. It not only has a profound influence in China, but also is one of the earliest works translated into English and spread in the West in ancient Chinese classics, and is also one of the most translated and interpreted Chinese classics.<br />
The translation of traditional Chinese classics, especially the Confucian classics, was accomplished by the cultural exchanges between China and the West since the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. ''The Analects of Confucius'' was first translated into the Western language at the end of the 16th century. A Latin translation of the Four Books by Western missionaries led by Matteo Ricci was published in 1594. The first English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' can be found in ''The Work of Confucius'' by Joshua Marshman, a missionary, but it is just an abridged translation and is not complete. It was not until 1861 that the first widely influential translation was published, which was ''Confucian Analects'' written by Lames Legge, a British missionary and Sinologist. Since then, English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' have been published, and Western countries have had a rudimentary understanding of Chinese culture. Gu Hongming's English version, which was published in 1898, also has a profound impact. In addition, Arthur Waley and D. C. Lau, a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and others also provide excellent translations. Up to now, there have been more than 40 English translations of The Analects of Confucius, each of which has its own characteristics with different translation methods and different styles. With so many English translations, the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' has naturally become a hot spot of research.<br />
The earliest essay about the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' was published in 1996 in CNKI. Until now, the study of English translation has gone for more than 20 years. In order to understand the achievements and current situation of the research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', the author collates and analyzes the articles about it in the past five years, providing references for further research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''.<br />
===Literature Review of the English Translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''===<br />
The author classifies and makes statistics on the studies of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. The essays come from China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Google Scholar. The author used the keyword "English translation of The Analects" to search on CNKI, there are a total of 121 academic dissertations and 331 journal papers, of which, from 2018 to 2023, there are 27 academic dissertations and 81 journal papers, 19 of which are published in core journals. In the past five years, the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in foreign countries is much less than that in China. The author searched on Google Scholar and only got a few essays, all written by Chinese scholars.<br />
On the basis of the searched essays, the author selected the papers published in domestic core journals in the past five years, the 13 most cited essays in the past, and the 5 English essays searched on Google Scholar. After further screening of these essays, 32 eligible essays were finally selected for research. This paper analyzes the achievements of domestic scholars the existing problems and the future development direction in this field.<br />
According to research, in general, the research of Chinese scholars on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' mainly focuses on the following aspects: the analysis and comparison of translations, the translator's perspective, the translation of unique cultural or linguistic phenomena, the problems in the existing English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and the dissemination of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West.<br />
====The Analysis and Comparison of Translations====<br />
The analysis of translation is an important method to study translation practice. Therefore, there are many essays studying from this perspective. Scholars mainly study translations from three aspects: the study of one translation, the study of two or more translations, and the study of single or multiple translations based on theory.<br />
The study of one translation is mainly focused on the comparison and analysis between the translation and the original. Zhang Defu (2021) analyzed Ni Peimin's distinctive English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. He explored the gongfu orientation and its application of it in Ni's translation and revealed that the gongfu orientation is an effective way to understand the core concepts of Confucianism and interpret the original text of ''The Analects of Confucius'', which has reference significance for inheriting and carrying forward the essence of the thought of Confucian classics and even traditional Chinese cultural classics. The study of one translation can make people more thoroughly understand the characteristics of the translation, and more comprehensively and profoundly understand it.<br />
The study of two or more translations is mainly a comparative study of different translations. The comparative analysis of different versions is a common topic in the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. Huang Guowen (2012) made a comparative analysis of different English versions of ''The Analects of Confucius'', and mainly discussed the process of translation of classic books, showing that the translation of classic books like ''The Analects of Confucius'' usually goes through two stages of "intralingual translation" and "interlingual translation" based on cases. When translating classic books into modern English, translators should first translate the source text written in classical Chinese into modern Chinese, and then translate it into modern English. This conclusion has enlightening significance for the translation of classical books and research of it.<br />
Many scholars analyze one or multiple translations based on a certain theory. This kind of essay accounts for the highest proportion, which shows that it is a relatively popular form of study.<br />
Meng Jian, Qu Tao, Xia Yang (2012) analyzed the translation characteristics of Gu Hongming's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the perspective of adaptation theory and studied how to achieve maximum equivalence in cross-cultural translation under the influence of different cultural contexts. They believed that in translation, the translator should make dynamic adaptations according to different contexts and overcome the influence of different cultural contexts, then conveying the cultural connotation of the original as much as possible.<br />
Zhang Xiaoman, Liu Yuyang (2018) analyzed Liu Dianjue's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' based on the theory of translation norms. The theory of translation introduces cultural memes into translation, involving many disciplines such as philosophy, linguistics and sociology. Based on this theory, the author analyzed the translation norms behind the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', and believed that the translation is consistent with the expectancy norms and professional norms. They concluded that translation should satisfy the expectations of target language readers and the transplanting of cultural content needs to arouse the spiritual resonance of target language readers.<br />
Zhou Qian (2023) studied Xu Yuanchong's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the perspective of Eco-translatology. She thought that combing this kind of text with the ecological translation can make the obscure text fully reveal the inner meaning. In the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', Xu Yuanchong fully grasped the translational ecological environment, and achieved the ecological balance based on the adaptation and selection to the translation environment.<br />
Some scholars made a comparative analysis of the two or more translations based on a certain theory. Chen Yang (2009) compared the three English versions of ''The Analects of Confucius'' with systematic functional linguistics and carried out functional discourse analysis, aiming to objectively evaluate the effect of the translation by comparing the functional parameters of the original text and the target text. The author believed that the theory of systemic functional linguistics can help to explain the choice of language in different versions of ''The Analects of Confucius'', and also provide a certain basis for the evaluation of translations.<br />
Li Gang, Li Jinshu (2013) chose the descriptive translation studies. Because every translation is a product of a specific historical and cultural context, this theory is helpful to better understand and explain the translation phenomenon. They selected many English versions, analyzed the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the context of Western centralism and cultural centralism respectively, and believed that the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' has realized a gradual process from seeking common to reserving differences.<br />
Huang Guowen, Chen Ying (2014) used the concept of variation in the framework of Systematic Functional Linguistics, focused on the issues of variation in language use and variation in translation, and made a comparative analysis of multiple English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius''. They believed that there are three types of variation in the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' variation in register, variation in textual structure, and variation in language choice.<br />
All the above essays used Western theories as guidance, while Yao Cuiping (2022) chose Lin Yutang's translation standard as the guidance, and compared the English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' by James Legge, Waley, and Gu Hongming. The paper analyzed the serious and common mistakes in the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and put forward some suggestions on how to modify them.<br />
====Studies from the Translator's Perspective====<br />
Since the 1970s, under the influence of the "cultural turn", the perspective and focus of the research of translation theory have shifted to the translator to varying degrees, and the translator's identity, status and role in translation activities have been rethought and repositioned, the translator's subjectivity has been gradually highlighting in the theoretical level. (Zhu Xianlong, Xie Baoxia 2006, 65) Therefore, when scholars study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', the analysis from the translator's perspective cannot be ignored. <br />
Throughout the history of Chinese and Western translation, translation activities have been dominated by specific translation theories in different periods, which have potentially restricted the translator's practice to varying degrees. Therefore, Zhu Xianlong, Xie Baoxia (2006) studied the transition process of the translator's identity in translation activities from the perspective of the historical evolution of translation theory, and analyzed the reasons for the change of the translator's identity from the philosophical level. Translation theory has realized the transformation from language to literature and then to culture, and the translator's identity has also changed from being lower than the author to being considered to play a decisive role in translation activities, and the importance of the translator has gradually manifested. <br />
Many scholars emphasized that translators hold a principal status. Based on Lefevere's theory of rewriting and Verschueren's theory of adaptation, Xu Jun, Xiao Haiyan (2018) analyzed the influence of ideology and poetics on Legge and Waley's translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and how translators make adaptive decisions in the manipulation of ideology and poetics, and concluded that the process of translation is the process in which the translator exerts his subjectivity under specific conditions of constraints, and the process in which the mainstream ideology and poetics interact with the translator's subjectivity. Therefore, he believed that the study of the English translation of classical works should not ignore the study of the translator's subjectivity.<br />
Yang Lin (2020) also emphasized the translator's subjectivity, but he focused on analyzing the different strategies adopted by Chinese and Western translators for different translation purposes. Gu Hongming tried to change the image of China in the minds of Westerners, so he adopted domestication in his translation, while Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont adopted foreignization.<br />
Zhang Xiaoman, Sun Xiaolu (2022) believed that there exists a cyclic transformational dialogue relationship between the author, translator and reader in Gu Hongming's English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', which makes the ideas of ''The Analects of Confucius'' give birth to the new quality of culture in the cyclic dialogue, thus driving the inheritance and transmission of culture.<br />
In terms of the application of the translator's subjectivity, there is one translator in the history of Chinese translation who has taken it to the extreme. With the aim of promoting Chinese culture, his translation plays an important role in the history of Chinese and foreign translation. He is Gu Hongming, a master of studies of Chinese ancient civilization. Gu Hongming was the first Chinese in the history of translating Confucian classics into English. On the basis of following the idea of the original work, Gu Hongming's translation reflects the translator's subjectivity in many places. Therefore, most scholars chose Gu Hongming's translation as the research object when studying the translator's subjectivity.<br />
====Studies on the Translation of Unique Cultural or Linguistic Phenomena====<br />
Because Chinese culture has a long historical background and unique cultural connotation, some unique cultural phenomena cannot be translated, which brings difficulties to the English translation of Chinese classics such as The Analects of Confucius.<br />
The core concept words in the book bear the most representative thoughts of Confucianism and have distinct cultural characteristics. Therefore, the translator often has difficulties in finding corresponding words in the target language, or these words have different meanings in the two cultures. The core concept words account for a large proportion of The Analects of Confucius, and whether the translation of these words is appropriate also determines the quality of the whole translation of the book to a large extent. So some scholars choose the translation of a certain core concept for research.<br />
"Junzi" is commonly used in ''The Analects of Confucius''. Since Western missionaries translated Confucian classics, this word has had many translated versions. Han Xing, Han Qiuyu (2016) analyzed and compared the similarities and differences of the concept of "Junzi" in the popular English translations of James Legge and Arthur Waley in combination with the moral and political implications of the concept itself in Confucian culture. The author believed that Legge's translation "the superior man" is more reasonable, because not only this translation has spread widely, but also Legge's grasp of the concept of "Junzi" is more accurate.<br />
"Ren" is the core of Confucius' thought, the highest morality in Confucius' ethical thought and the sum of all morals, and ''The Analects of Confucius'' has also endowed "Ren" with rich connotation. Different translators have different understandings and translations of "Ren", and the translation of it plays a very important role in the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', which should be paid attention to. Yang Ping (2008) summarized and analyzed various translations of "Ren", and argued that "Ren" is best translated by transliteration to preserve its spiritual essence and convey Confucius' ideas objectively.<br />
"Tian" is also a core idea in ''The Analects of Confucius''. Zhang Zheng, Hu Wenxiao (2015) analyzed "Tian" in ''The Analects of Confucius'', and summarized and compared different translations of it. The author believed that "heaven" and "god" not only cannot fully convey the connotation of "Tian", but also easily make readers associate with Western religions. Therefore, using transliteration to translate "Tian" is more concise and appropriate, and annotations and explanations can be added according to specific contexts.<br />
Guo Yuqing (2022) selected the translation of "Xiao" in ''The Analects of Confucius'' as the research object. The author used LancsBox, a new corpus analysis tool, compared the similarities and differences of the core concept "Xiao" between the two English translations by Gu Hongming and James Legge and analyzed the reasons for the differences.<br />
Deng Jie (2022) studied the two core concepts of "Li" and "Junzi" that frequently appear in ''The Analects of Confucius'', comparing and analyzing the translation methods of James Legge and Gu Hongming in accordance with their social and cultural background and translation motivation, and exploring the similarities and differences between the two translators in their understanding of Confucian thoughts. It can be seen that scholars advocate transliteration for the translation of core concepts. In this kind of study, the author often evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of each translation on the core concept in combination with his personal interpretation of traditional Confucian thought and put forward his own views, so this kind of study will evitably have the tendency of subjectivity.<br />
The indigenous concept refers to the unique concept or information that a language community has developed in the course of its history, culture, society and way of thinking. For translators, it is difficult to convey the indigenous concepts to the target language culture. Therefore, Li Guangwei, Ge Lingling (2018) studied the indigenous concepts in ''The Analects of Confucius''. According to Qi Yucun’s criteria of cultural classification, the paper divided the indigenous concepts into three categories: material culture, system and custom culture, and spiritual culture, and based on a parallel corpus, studied the English version of Gu Hongming. The author believed that translators should actively adapt to the different contexts of the target culture at the surface level, middle level and deep level and adopt corresponding translation strategies for different categories of indigenous concepts.<br />
Culture-loaded words are also a big difficulty in the translation. They are as closely related to culture as the indigenous concepts. Relying on the Chinese ideological and cultural terminology Library under the project of “Chinese ideological and cultural terminology communication project”, Yang Dan (2022) combed and summarized the culture-loaded words in ''The Analects of Confucius'' translated by Legge, Gu Hongming and Arthur Waley, and made a comparative study of different translations from three aspects: language, culture, and communication from the eco perspective. The author believed that when dealing with culture-loaded words, the translator should preserve the style and characteristics of the source language as much as possible, and take into account both the source language culture and the target language culture.<br />
Some scholars studied the translation of sentences. There are various types of topic sentences in ''The Analects of Confucius'', which are widely distributed. Wang Yong, Qin Si (2022) analyzed the distribution and characteristics of topic sentences in ''The Analects of Confucius'' and studied the translation strategies of topic sentences in the English translation by James Legge. Legge mainly adopted the translation strategy of domestication at the syntactic level, which conforms to the linguistic features of English.<br />
In addition to the above studies, Xue Bing, Xiang Mingyou (2020) also used DocuScope and relevant statistical tools to make inductive statistics and comparison of rhetorical features in the English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' by Legge and Waley, to analyze the difference in rhetorical effects of different translations. Digital research tools can enrich the existing English translation studies of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in research methods and research perspectives and provide new ideas for translation research.<br />
====Studies on the Problems in the Existing English Translations of ''The Analects of Confucius''====<br />
Some scholars studied the problems in the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. Misinterpretation of the original text is one of the most common problems in English translation.<br />
Under the guidance of the theory of the manipulation of ideology, Xu Jun (2010) took the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' by Arthur Waley as a case study, analyzed the misinterpretation and mistranslation in the translation of cultural classics, and pointed out that the misinterpretation and mistranslation are closely related to ideology.<br />
Liu Zhengguang, Chen Yi, Xu Haoqi (2016) also studied Authur Waley's English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', but their focus was on deviations in his translation. Based on the relevant principles of cognitive linguistics, the author analyzed various deviations in the translation process of Arthur Waley from the translator's individual cognitive style, discussed the influence of the translator's subjectivity on understanding the source language and translating from different dimensions and explained the deep cognitive causes of various deviations. Applying the relevant principles of cognitive linguistics to the analysis of "deviation" can, to some extent, trigger scholars to think deeply about "domestication" and "foreignization".<br />
The view of "Wen" and "Zhi" is an important part of Confucius' ethical thought, and ''The Analects of Confucius'' is the main carrier of it. When translating The Analects of Confucius, the translator inevitably misinterprets it, which will have a negative impact on cross-cultural communication.<br />
Fang Xing, Yang Yanyan (2019) believed that James Legge's, and Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont's translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' misinterpreted the view of "Wen" and "Zhi". Their paper analyzed the true essence of Confucius' view of "Wen" and "Zhi", explored the reasons for their misinterpretations of it and put forward some solutions. Their study is of great significance for revealing the true meaning of Confucius' ethical thought, correcting misinterpretation in translations, and promoting the dissemination of Confucius' classics.<br />
Liu Yuyu (2019) paid attention to the problem of Counter-west Centerlism, who believed that it is always a problem that cannot be wiped out. The author analyzed the translation of the keywords "Tian" and "Ren" in Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont's translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. Although the two translators adopt the translation strategy of foreignization, the "otherization" of Chinese culture is hidden behind it. The author believed that overemphasis on cultural differences can not effectively achieve the purpose of Counter-west Centerlism, and it is necessary to eliminate the bias of cultural relativism.<br />
====Studies on the dissemination of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West====<br />
The above essays are to study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from different perspectives based on different theories. In addition to studying the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the linguistic level, there are also studies on its translation and dissemination in the West from the macro level of culture. The translation, dissemination and research of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West can be traced back to the 16th century.<br />
The translation of Chinese classics is an important part of promoting the dissemination of Chinese culture in the world. The process of translation, dissemination, acceptance and study of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West is a microcosm of translation, dissemination, and acceptance of Chinese culture. Li Weirong, Liang Huina, Wu Suxin (2015) introduced three stages of translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West, including the beginning, the maturity and prosperity and expansion of the translation and research in the West, presenting the whole picture of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West.<br />
Wang Yan (2010) focused on the development of contemporary Western Sinology. The author believed that the contemporary English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' mainly appeared after the 1990s, which was influenced by the trend of contemporary Western Sinology research. This paper analyzed the development tendency of Sinology in the United States and the characteristics of the contemporary English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. The contemporary English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' not only enriches Sinology itself, but also promotes the dialogue and exchange between Western Sinology and Chinese academic circles.<br />
Western Sinology appeared in the late Ming and Qing dynasties while the missionaries went missionary works in China. Jiang Zhe (2019) believed that there is a two-way communication between Western Sinology and Chinese Confucianism. The author discussed the English translations and interpretations of “Xin Jin Yu Yi, Yan Ke Fu YE” in Liu Dianjue's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and argued that they fully embody the two-way communication between Western Sinology and Chinese Confucianism. <br />
Gu Huijuan (2019) studied the international communication of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the perspective of the publication of English translation. The paper introduced the translation and publication history of The Analects of Confucius, compared several representative versions, summed up the historical experience from the international communication of Chinese traditional culture, and explored the means of Chinese culture "going out". The author believed that the publication of translation should truly "enter" or integrate into the cultural system of the target language in order to better disseminate Chinese culture around the world.<br />
Zhang Xiaoxue (2019) collected statistics on the number of citations of English versions of The Analects of Confucius in Google Scholar to understand the influence of these translations, and discussed the influence of the factors of the translator, environment, translation, reader and feedback on the effect of reception of the translation in the process of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. This paper revealed the means to achieve success in the translation of classical works and provided a reference for promoting the dissemination of traditional Chinese culture to the world.<br />
Qin Hongwu, Kong Lei, Xu Xin (2020) also studied from the perspective of the reception of the readers. The paper compared and analyzed the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and the non-translational Confucian texts for communication, and observed the possible factor influencing the effect of communication of the translations of ''The Analects of Confucius''.<br />
Liu Hongwei, Wang Xiangling (2020) combined the advantages of other classical communication models, established a new equal intercommunication model of translation and dissemination of traditional Chinese cultural classics, and propose some application principles to promote the dissemination of traditional Chinese culture, which has a certain use for reference in translations and research of Chinese literature.<br />
Han Fule, Liu Yan (2020) expounded on the dissemination and translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the UK from four periods, and considered ways to effectively disseminate Chinese ideology and culture, which provides reference and guidance for the effective dissemination of Chinese ideology and culture.<br />
===Deficiencies and Reflections on the Study of the English Translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''===<br />
Through the overview of the research results of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the past five years, it can be seen that with the continuous deepening of the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', the perspective of the study is no longer single, not only from the aspects of language, but also from different perspectives such as philosophy, history and culture. With the development of science and technology, more and more scholars use technical tools to study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', such as corpus. Corpus-based translation studies can provide guidance for English translation in terms of vocabulary, translation standards and principles. In addition, the selection of English translations is no longer limited to the most classic translations, and the objects of study are more diverse. Although the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' is becoming more and more mature with continuous study, there are still some areas to be improved.<br />
Firstly, although the perspective of the study is more abundant, the study on the cultural level is still relatively absent. Even though some scholars pay attention to the cultural level and conduct research on it, they pay more attention to the differences in ideology, and few scholars conduct systematic research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the aspects of philosophy and politics. As a Chinese classic, it was formed with a certain historical and cultural background, so the study of the English translation of it can also be explored from the aspects of history and philosophy.<br />
Secondly, up to now, there have been more than 40 full English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'', providing a large number of objects for studies. However, most researchers chose the translations of James Legge, Gu Hongming, and Waley, and ignored other translations. Therefore, to study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the future, the first thing to do is to have a detailed and overall grasp of the previous studies, so as to avoid repeated studies, which will reduce the research value. At the same time, for different translations, most researchers only analyzed their differences, and did not summarize the general characteristics and influencing factors of translations in a certain period.<br />
Thirdly, in terms of combining theories, scholars have chosen many different translation theories to study, but many studies are limited to superficial phenomena without further exploration.<br />
===Conclusion===<br />
As one of the classics of Confucianism, ''The Analects of Confucius'' has exerted a profound influence on the thought and culture of the Chinese nation and has many English translations. Therefore, the study of the English translation of The Analects of Confucius should become the focus of attention. The study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' is different from the general translation studies. It also undertakes the task of the communication of Chinese traditional culture to the outside world. The purpose of it is to improve the level of the English translation of Chinese classics and better promote the spread of Chinese traditional culture in the world. As one of the research hotspots, great achievements have been made in the study of the English translation of The Analects of Confucius. The research contents are increasingly enriched and refined, and the research perspectives are increasingly diversified. However, there is still room for improvement, and it is hoped that this paper can provide a reference for the English translation and research of The Analects of Confucius and even all classical works.<br />
This paper summarizes the essays on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the past five years, but does not study the foreign studies on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. There are many foreign essays on ''The Analects of Confucius'', but there are few essays specifically on it, so this paper does not involve the current situation of foreign research, and the review is not very comprehensive. In the future, the author hopes to make a more comprehensive analysis of this field in combination with foreign research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''.<br />
===References===<br />
<br />
=202270081681 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
==On the Dissemination and Translation of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe==<br />
<center>Zhang Yuyan 202270081681 </center><br />
<br />
===Abstract===<br />
This paper is on the dissemination and translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''( ''Ben Cao Gang Mu'') in Europe. In the wave of globalization, the earth is increasingly becoming a small village. Pandemics such as cholera, the black death, SARS and COVID-19 has made us realize that the promotion of human health depends on the combination of multiple medical systems. In this context, it is necessary to trace back the history of the translation and dissemination of traditional Chinese medicine books, which will undoubtedly further enhance their influence abroad and show the world the splendid traditional culture of China in a more comprehensive way.<br />
<br />
The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was written by Li Shizhen,an outstanding medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty. He himself not only attached great importance to the achievements of previous medical works, inherited and carried forward former experience, but also had original research achievements. As one of the most comprehensive, abundant, and systematic books on traditional Chinese medicine in ancient China, the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has already had a history of over 400 years. It was at the end of the 17th century that it spread to Europe. In the 18th century, there were abridged and complete translations of French, English, German, Russian, and other languages. Later, it attracted in-depth research and received high praise from overseas scholars, and it has been a hot topic to this today.<br />
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Taking the dissemination and translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe as the starting point, the paper will review, analyze, and summarize its major French and English versions from the 18th century to the 20th century. Besides, it briefly divides its dissemination history into three stages-from 17th to the 18th century, the 19th century, and the 20th to the 21st century(Fu Lu 2020), aiming to sort out the context and provide some historical references for medical exchanges in this era of globalization(Gao Xi 2015).<br />
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===Key Words===<br />
the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''; translation;cultural dissemination; historical references<br />
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===《本草纲目》在欧洲的译介和传播===<br />
<center>张玉燕 202270081681 </center><br />
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===摘要===<br />
在全球化的浪潮下，地球日益成为一个小小的村落。霍乱、黑死病、SARS、新冠等大流行的出现，使我们意识到人类健康需要依靠多种医学体系的相互交融和发展。在此背景下，回溯中医书籍翻译和传播的历史，无疑将进一步增强其在国外的影响力，更全面地向世界展示中华民族灿烂悠久的传统文化。<br />
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《本草纲目》为明代杰出医药学家李时珍所著，他既高度重视历史医药著作的成果、继承发扬前人的医药经验，又有李时珍本人原创性的研究成就，《本草纲目》是我国古代著作中论述中药最全面、最丰富、最系统的典籍，成书已有400多年的历史，早在17世纪末就流传到欧洲，18世纪陆续出现了法、英、德、俄等语言的节选或完整译本。随后引起了海外学者的深入研究和高度评价，至今仍是热点。<br />
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本文以《本草纲目》在欧洲的译介和传播为切入点，对其18世纪-20世纪的法文、英文译本进行回顾、分析和总结(付璐 2020），并将《本草纲目》在欧洲的传播史按时间跨度大致分为三个阶段：17-18世纪、19世纪、20世纪-21世纪，旨在梳理脉络，为当今全球化时代的医学交流提供某些历史借鉴(高晞 2015)。<br />
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===关键词===<br />
《本草纲目》;译介;文化传播;历史借鉴<br />
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===Introduction===<br />
Li Shizhen was a famous medical scientist of the Ming Dynasty. After several years of medicine practice, he found that there were many mistakes in ancient Chinese herbal books and decided to recompile one. In the 31st year of Jiajing (1552), Li Shizhen began to compile the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', which was based on ''Classified Materia Medica'' . To ensure the accuracy of the information, he referred to more than 800 books, and investigated many places on the spot. Since the 44th year Jiajing(1565), Li Shizhen had been to Wudang Mountain, Lushan Mountain, Maoshan Mountain, Niushoushan Mountain, Hunan province, Hubei province, Jiangxi province and other places to collect drug samples and prescriptions, figuring out many difficult issues. After 27 years of unswerving efforts and three revisions,the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''， the giant work of 1.92 million words, was completed.<br />
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What is the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''( ''Ben Cao Gang Mu'')? Chinese people seem to be familiar with "Ben Cao Gang Mu". However, once they are asked, few can explain them clearly. Since ancient times, there have been many drugs used to treat diseases, including plants, animals, and minerals,among which there is a big difference in quantity. Herb(cao), a plant, accounts for the largest proportion. Therefore, the ancients had been using the phrase "materia medica"(ben cao) to represent medicine. As for "compendium"(gang mu), the rope used by fishermen to pull up the fishing net is "gang", and the mesh on the fishing net is "mu".When the fishing net is opened, it is called "gang ju mu zhang", which is the original of the word "gang mu"(Wang Qiuling&Si Qintu 2022). When the concept of "compendium"(gang mu) is applied to book writing, it becomes a traditional form of Chinese chronicle compilation.<br />
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The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' consists of 52 volumes, which is essentially a dictionary of ancient medicines（Huang Zhijie 2000）. Based on the theoretical content in the ''Shennong’s Herbal Classic''(Yang Shujia 2021),the first and second volumes are preface examples, in which the viewpoints of scholars from different eras and of Li Shizhen himself are added. It aims to understand the performance, usage principles, and methods of drugs in traditional Chinese medicine. In the third and fourth volumes, the drugs are classified according to their performance and indications, reflecting the spirit of syndrome differentiation and treatment. The remaining 48 volumes are all about drugs, totaling 1892 types.<br />
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===The Translation of Compendium of Materia Medica in Europe===<br />
English translation of traditional Chinese medicine plays an crucial role in the process of internationalization. Accurate translation can express the connotation of basic terminology, convey the medical principles and cultural characteristics, promote the concept of health preservation and prevention, and promote characteristic therapy of traditional Chinese medicine.<br />
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In this chapter, it will analyze the French and English versions of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in the 18th-21st century. In terms of this, the scholar Pan Jixing pointed out in the article ''Compendium of Materia Medica: The East and West''(1983) , ＂Jacques François Vandermonde's ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu'' , Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'' and the works of Bernard Emms Read have partially translated the content of Li Shizhen's ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. ＂As for the complete translation, we can miss the English version translated by Luo Xiwen in 2004.<br />
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====Abridged Translations====<br />
=====Jacques François Vandermonde's ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu''=====<br />
Dr. Joseph Needham, a British biochemist and historian of science, recorded in the Science and Civilization in China (1954)," Jacques Francois Vandermonde, a French doctor, had been practicing medicine in Macao, China for over 10 years. In 1732, he accidentally got a book of ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. According to its recorded drugs, he collected over 80 kinds of mineral samples. Later, with the help of Chinese people, he explained the samples one by one according to the original description of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', and attached them with corresponding labels. He also wrote a manuscript titled ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu'' ,which can be seen as an abridged French translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''." <br />
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Written in French, this manuscript consists of one volume, with a total of 90 pages in the main text. Each paragraph is preceded by a serial number, and the corresponding Chinese name of the drug is written in the margin,such as "zao xin tu"(oven earth) ,"xiong huang"( red orpiment),"gan cao"( licorice). In this manuscript, he extracted and translated the names, origins, properties, five flavors,manufacturing methods, and efficacy of some mineral drugs from the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''.For example, when describing the origin,we have the expression "金牙生蜀郡 ， 如金色者良"(Li Shizhen 1593) in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' and " jinya stone is a golden stone produced in Sichuan "in ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu''. For another example, when talking about property, we have "出煅灶中，如尘紫色，轻者为佳，亦以磨莹铜器用之" (Li Shizhen 1593)in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' and " Iron powder is considered to be the red powder found in casting furnaces. The lightest is the best, and it is used for polishing copper ware "in Jacques Francois Vandermonde 's manuscript. As for manufacturing methods, we have "其法用白锡和银薄及水银合成之，凝硬如银，合炼有法"(Li Shizhen 1593) in Li Shizhen's book, and "This is a mixture made by melting an equal amount of silver and mercury" in the book of Jacques François Vandermonde...<br />
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Unfortunately, the specimens collected by Jacques Francois Vandermonde and his translations did not receive much attention at the time. It was until the year of 1839 that Edouard Constant Biot, a French sinologist, collaborated with friends to analyze those mineral specimens and made the results public. In 1896, with the help of Chinese people(Zhang Xiuping&Wang Xiaoming 1993), F.de Mely and M.H.Courel published the entire excerpt, bringing it back to light.Now, the manuscript has been preserved Museum national d'Histoire naturelle(Needham 1954).<br />
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Generally speaking, when selectively translating, Jacques Francois Vandermonde translated the properties first,and then the origins, production methods, and efficacy. In terms of the translation of mineral drugs, he mainly adopted free translation and translated corresponding elements.<br />
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=====Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise''=====<br />
During the same period, when Jacques Francois Vandermonde's manuscript was neglected, another abridged French translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''- ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', gained great fame.<br />
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Published in Paris and edited by Jean Baptiste Du Halde(Du Halde 1738), this book was co-authored by 27 missionaries in China(Fu Lu&Xiao Yongzhi 2019). It has four volumes, and is a comprehensive work which introduces China from various aspects, covering ancient Chinese politics, religion, etiquette, customs, geography, medicine,customs,flora and fauna,etc. In this book, it also contains some selected translations from the first part of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. In page 437, Volume 3 of ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', there is a volume named ''Excerpts from the Compendium of Materia Medica''- ''Chinese Herbology or Chinese natural history of Medicine'' (Du Halde 1738). It introduces that the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was compiled by Li Shizhen, a Chinese medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty, and explains the details of its publication. In addition, it also selectively translated some 16 kinds of drugs in the book. <br />
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Basically speaking, in terms of the translation of medicine names and prescriptions, Jean Baptiste Du Halde often adopted transliteration or literal translation. For example, he translated "人参'' into "JIN-SENG", "三七'' into"SAN-TSI'', "海马" into"Sea-Horse"（Du Halde 1738），复命汤"into"the medicine which restores lost life. At the same time, there are some mistakes in his translation because of cultural differences and conflicts.In terms of the translation of disease names and symptoms, free translation is often used. For example,"伤寒坏症"is translated into "For malignant fevers","怔忡自汗" into "For the palpitation of the heart, attended with sweating（Du Halde 1738）.<br />
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As the first French version of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' published in Europe, ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', enables European readers to have a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', which promotes European scholars' cognition of the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine, and was a landmark event for the spread of ''Compendium of Materia Medica''.<br />
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===== Bernard Emms Read's translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''=====<br />
Though Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'' has spread widely and gained a lot of fame, it only contains a small part of drug translation in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. Therefore, Bernard Emms Read along with many Chinese and foreign scholars from the Beijing Society of Museums compiled a series of works on the study and abridged translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' at the beginning of the 20th century((Wang Jiming 2011). In this series, there are 8 works, including one botanical medicine work, one mineral medicine work, and six animal medicine works. It also refers to 12 departments of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'',such as "Jinshi department","grass department","grain department","vegetable department","fruit department","wood department","insect department","poultry department","animal department","human department"...<br />
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As for the botanical medicine works, the book ''Chinese Medicinal Plants from the Pen Ts'ao Kang Mu'' ,which is co-authored by Bernard Emms Read and Liu Ruqiang, elaborates on more than 800 botanical medicines listed in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. It also covers the "grass department","grain department","vegetable department","fruit department" and "wood department"(from volume 12 to volume 37 of the original). ''A Compendium of Minerals and Stones Used in Chinese Medicine from the Pen T'sao Kang Mu'' is the mineral medicine work that is co-authored by Bernard Emms Read and C.Pek. It narrates the "Jinshi department (volume 8 to volume 11) in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'',carrying over a hundred types of mineral drugs. In terms of the animal drugs, there are 6 departments in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'',such as "insect department", "squamous department","poultry department"and "human department" .Bernard Emms Read translated it into 6 works for publication.<br />
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In fact,several research works and translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' written by Bernard Emms Read differ greatly in style. As for his translation, only the "name" can be translated from the research works of plant medicine, while the "bone" can be translated from the research works of mineral medicine. It was not until the translation of nimal medicine section that the "flesh" and "form" were truly translated.<br />
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=====The Boom of abridged translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''=====<br />
In the 18th century, the wave of "sinomania" rose in Europe. Once the French version ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'' was published,it attracted the attention of all walks of life and was translated into many languages successively. In 1735, the French edition was sold out.In 1736, its English version ''The General History of China'' was issued in London, which is called Ed. John Watts. From 1737 to 1741, there was Ed. E. Cave(Pan Jixin 1980)... With the translation and dissemination of the ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has been partially translated into French, English, German，Russian(Zhang Shengxin 2003)...<br />
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====The Complete Translations of Luo Xiwen's ''Compendium of Materia Medica''====<br />
At the beginning of the 21st century, the complete English translation ''Compendium of Materia Medica''(Luo Xiwen 2004),which is translated by Luo Xiwen and published in Foreign Language Press, became the first and only complete English translation at present. <br />
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The book totals more than 6 million words(Li Shizhne 1593).As for arrangement, the original work of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' contains 52 volumes The transaltion is faithful to it, and ends up with 6 books. In the first book,it translated volume 1 to volume 4 of the original, involving prefaces of Wang Shizhen, Xia Xin, Zhang Dingsi, Li Jianyuan, "preface examples" and "prescriptions for various diseases".The second book translated volume 5 to volume 14, which includes ''water department","fire department","earth department","Jinshi department",and section 1 to section 3 of "grass department". The third book translated volume 15 to volume 22, including section 4 to section 11 of the "grass department" and the first part of "grain department". While the fourth book recounts volume 23 to volume 34, and involves section 2 to section 4 of "grain department". The fifth book translated volume 35 to volume 46, and contains the second part to sixth part of "wood department" The last book narrates volume 47 to volume 52, including "poultry department","animal department"and "human department".<br />
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When it comes to the translation of each drug, it also follow the style of the original. Under specific drugs,their serial numbers are first listed,followed by their "Chinese Pinyin/Latin/English names, explanation of names, previous explanations, preparations, quality and taste, indications, explication and prescriptions. He uses Chinese Pinyin instead of Western Pinyin to promote Chinese culture.For some drugs, drug diagrams are attached in the text. Different from other translators, Luo Xiwen completely follows the style and content of the original from the beginning to the end. In terms of the attached table, Luo Wenxi's version contains a comparison table between the Chinese dynasties and AD era and is accompanied by various Chinese, English, and Latin indexes for readers to search for drugs.<br />
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In short, several French and English translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' from the 18th century to the present have been introduced. Regardless of their quality, they have played a certain role in promoting the dissemination of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe. As for its dissemination, we will discuss it in detail in the next chapter.<br />
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===The Dissemination of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe===<br />
Since the 17th century, the dissemination of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has never stopped. In this chapter, it roughly divides it into three stages: from the 17th to 18th century, the 19th century, and from the 20th to 21st century. <br />
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====Introduction and translation period (17th-18thcentury)====<br />
The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was written at the end of the 16th century. Now, it is uncertain when and by whom it was first transmitted to Europe.However, according to scholar Chen Hengxin's ''A Study on the Collection of Chinese Books in the French National Library'',when Jiachim Bouvet returned to France, he presented Louis XIV 49 Chinese books of 22 kinds, among which there was a set of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' hardbound in yellow silk. That is to say, just a century after the completion of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', it had already set foot on the land of Europe and entered the Royal Library of France. In the 18th century, several abridged translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' emerged in Europe,such as Jacques François Vandermonde's ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu'', Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'',etc.<br />
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====Research and evaluation period (19th century)====<br />
From the 17th to 18th centuries, European readers' acceptance of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' remained at the level of collection, introduction, and translation. In the 19th century, as botanist, chemists, naturalists, zoologists, pharmacologists and other scholars joined the reader group of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', the research on this book and Chinese medicine was also gradually carried out, including the drawing of drug maps, the collection and analysis of drug specimens, and the interpretation and evaluation of the drugs contained in the book from the perspective of chemistry and pharmacology in Europe at that time. The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has gained a wider audience in Europe.<br />
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====Cultural impression construction period (20-21st century)====<br />
In the 20th to 21st century, the dissemination and reception methods became increasingly widespread, and this book was also exhibited through museums and international academic conferences.Through various channels such as discussions and documentaries, the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was disseminated to various countries. During this period, there are versions of Bernard Emms Read, Luo Xiwen...And the research on the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' by European scholars in modern times has shown a diversified trend.<br />
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===Conclusion===<br />
The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has been published for over 4 centuries. Over the long years, this great work has not been submerged. On the contrary, it has become even more brilliant under the polishing of time. It is a classic and precious work in traditional Chinese medicine culture, and also a pioneering work for traditional Chinese medicine culture to go abroad and spread overseas（Zhang Yan&Yin Na 2022）. Since the late 17th century, it has been introduced to various countries in Europe and America, and related translations and research have emerged accordingly. The translation and dissemination of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' not only demonstrate the strong vitality of traditional Chinese medicine, but also provide some inspiration and reference for modern medicine, promoting mutual exchange and cooperation between Eastern and Western medical cultures(Liu Runlan 2014). On the other hand, it greatly demonstrates the charm of traditional Chinese medicine culture as an important component of Chinese traditional culture, and also provides inspiration and reference for the translation and dissemination of Chinese cultural classics.<br />
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===References===<br />
[1] Du Halde杜赫德． ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise''《中华帝国全志》［M］． London 伦敦: E Cave 凯夫，1738．<br />
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[2] Needham，J李约瑟． ''Science and Civilisation in China''《中国科学技术史》［M］．Cambridge 剑桥: Cambridge University Press 剑桥大学出版社，1954．<br />
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[3]李时珍Li Shizhen ．《本草纲目》''Compendium of Materia Medica''［M］． 罗希文译Translated by Luo Xiwen． 北京 Beijing: 外文出版社Foreign Language Press，2004．<br />
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[4]李时珍 Li Shizhen.《本草纲目》''Compendium of Materia Medica''［M].明万历二十一年癸已In the 21st year of the Ming Wanli reign (1593)金陵胡承龙刻本Jinling Hu Chenglong Inscription．<br />
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[5] 张秀平Zhang Xiuping，王晓明Wang Xiaoming． 影响中国的 100 本书100 ''Books that Have Influnenced China''［M].南宁Nanning: 广西人民出版社Guangxi People's Publishing House，1993．<br />
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[6] 张焱Zhang Yan,尹娜Yin Na.《本草纲目》在欧美的译介与传播''Translation and Communications of Materia Medica in Europe and America'' [J].华北理工大学学报(社会科学版) Journal of North China University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition),2022,22(05):126-133. <br />
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[7] 潘吉星Pan Jixing．《本草纲目》之东被及西渐''Compendium of Materia Medica: The East and West''［J］． 中国药学杂志Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal，1983( 10) : 11－18．<br />
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[8] 付璐Fu Lu．《本草纲目》在欧洲的流传研究''The Transmission of BengCaoGangMu in Europe'' [D]．北京Beijing：中国中医科学院China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences，2020．<br />
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[9] 付璐Fu Lu．浅谈《中华帝国全志》对《本草纲目》的翻译与传播''On the Translation and Dissemination of Compendium of Materia Medica by The General History of China''［J］．中医杂志Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine，2019,60（15）:1265-1276.<br />
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[10] 潘吉星Pan Jixing．关于李时珍《本草纲目》外文译文的几个问题''Several Questions about the Foreign Translation of Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica''［J］．中医杂志Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,1980(3):62-66.<br />
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[11] 高晞Gao Xi．十五世纪以来中医在西方的传播与研究''The Spread and Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the West since the 15th Century''［J］．中医药文化Chinese Medical Culture，2015（6）:15-24.<br />
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[12]刘润兰Liu Runlan.《本草纲目》在海外的传播与影响''The Spread and Influence of Compendium of Materia Medica Overseas'' [J].世界中西医结合杂志World Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine,2014,9(01):89-90.<br />
[13]王秋玲Wang Qiuling,斯琴图Si Qintu.什么是“本草纲目”? ''What is "Compendium of Materia Medica"?'' [J]. 少儿国学.Children's Traditional Chinese Studies,2022(03):38-39.<br />
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[14]杨舒佳Yang Shujia. 《神农本草经》训诂史研究''A study on the History of Exegesis in Shennong’s Herbal Classic'' [D].北京中医药大学Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,2021.<br />
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[15]张晟星Zhang Shengxing.《本草纲目》的翻译与传播''Translation and Dissemination of Compendium of Materia Medica'' [J].上海科技翻译Shanghai Journal of Translators for Science and Technology,2003(01):55.<br />
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[16]黄志杰Huang Zhijie.《本草纲目》导读''Introduction to Compendium of Materia Medica'' [J].中医函授通讯Bulletin of Traditional Chinese Medicine Correspondence,2000(03):4-6.<br />
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[17]王吉民Wang Jimin． 祖国医药文化流传海外考''A Textual Research on the Spread of Chinese Medical Culture Overseas'' [M].广州Guangzhou: 广东人民出版社Guangdong People's Publishing House，2011．</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20230630_final_exam_03&diff=15576920230630 final exam 032023-06-11T08:18:09Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 202270081667 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 英语笔译(English translation) */</p>
<hr />
<div>=202270081667 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
==Systematic Literature Review of the English Translation of ''The Analects''==<br />
<center>谢佳玉，202270081667</center><br />
===Abstract===<br />
''The Analects of Confucius'' is a classic work of Chinese Confucianism and one of the most authoritative books in Chinese history. It plays an important role in the history of Sino-Western cultural exchange. The English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' has always been a hot topic for study. The author selects 32 articles, including all essays in the last five years and the most cited in the past, and divides them into five aspects: the analysis and comparison of translations, the translator's perspective, the translation of unique cultural or linguistic phenomena, the problems in the existing English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and the dissemination of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West. This paper is a literature review of the achievements made by scholars in this field, which also points out the deficiencies, so as to promote the development of translation of Confucian classics and related studies.<br />
===Key Words===<br />
''The Analects of Confucius'', English translation, Literature review<br />
===《论语》英译研究文献综述===<br />
===摘要===<br />
===关键词===<br />
===Introduction===<br />
''The Analects of Confucius'' (Lun Yu) is one of the most important works of Confucianism, which records the remarks of Confucius and his disciples. It occupies a very important position in the history of Chinese literature and ideology. It not only has a profound influence in China, but also is one of the earliest works translated into English and spread in the West in ancient Chinese classics, and is also one of the most translated and interpreted Chinese classics.<br />
The translation of traditional Chinese classics, especially the Confucian classics, was accomplished by the cultural exchanges between China and the West since the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. ''The Analects of Confucius'' was first translated into the Western language at the end of the 16th century. A Latin translation of the Four Books by Western missionaries led by Matteo Ricci was published in 1594. The first English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' can be found in ''The Work of Confucius'' by Joshua Marshman, a missionary, but it is just an abridged translation and is not complete. It was not until 1861 that the first widely influential translation was published, which was ''Confucian Analects'' written by Lames Legge, a British missionary and Sinologist. Since then, English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' have been published, and Western countries have had a rudimentary understanding of Chinese culture. Gu Hongming's English version, which was published in 1898, also has a profound impact. In addition, Arthur Waley and D. C. Lau, a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and others also provide excellent translations. Up to now, there have been more than 40 English translations of The Analects of Confucius, each of which has its own characteristics with different translation methods and different styles. With so many English translations, the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' has naturally become a hot spot of research.<br />
The earliest essay about the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' was published in 1996 in CNKI. Until now, the study of English translation has gone for more than 20 years. In order to understand the achievements and current situation of the research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', the author collates and analyzes the articles about it in the past five years, providing references for further research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''.<br />
===Literature Review of the English Translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''===<br />
The author classifies and makes statistics on the studies of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. The essays come from China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Google Scholar. The author used the keyword "English translation of The Analects" to search on CNKI, there are a total of 121 academic dissertations and 331 journal papers, of which, from 2018 to 2023, there are 27 academic dissertations and 81 journal papers, 19 of which are published in core journals. In the past five years, the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in foreign countries is much less than that in China. The author searched on Google Scholar and only got a few essays, all written by Chinese scholars.<br />
On the basis of the searched essays, the author selected the papers published in domestic core journals in the past five years, the 13 most cited essays in the past, and the 5 English essays searched on Google Scholar. After further screening of these essays, 32 eligible essays were finally selected for research. This paper analyzes the achievements of domestic scholars the existing problems and the future development direction in this field.<br />
According to research, in general, the research of Chinese scholars on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' mainly focuses on the following aspects: the analysis and comparison of translations, the translator's perspective, the translation of unique cultural or linguistic phenomena, the problems in the existing English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and the dissemination of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West.<br />
====The Analysis and Comparison of Translations====<br />
The analysis of translation is an important method to study translation practice. Therefore, there are many essays studying from this perspective. Scholars mainly study translations from three aspects: the study of one translation, the study of two or more translations, and the study of single or multiple translations based on theory.<br />
The study of one translation is mainly focused on the comparison and analysis between the translation and the original. Zhang Defu (2021) analyzed Ni Peimin's distinctive English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. He explored the gongfu orientation and its application of it in Ni's translation and revealed that the gongfu orientation is an effective way to understand the core concepts of Confucianism and interpret the original text of ''The Analects of Confucius'', which has reference significance for inheriting and carrying forward the essence of the thought of Confucian classics and even traditional Chinese cultural classics. The study of one translation can make people more thoroughly understand the characteristics of the translation, and more comprehensively and profoundly understand it.<br />
The study of two or more translations is mainly a comparative study of different translations. The comparative analysis of different versions is a common topic in the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. Huang Guowen (2012) made a comparative analysis of different English versions of ''The Analects of Confucius'', and mainly discussed the process of translation of classic books, showing that the translation of classic books like ''The Analects of Confucius'' usually goes through two stages of "intralingual translation" and "interlingual translation" based on cases. When translating classic books into modern English, translators should first translate the source text written in classical Chinese into modern Chinese, and then translate it into modern English. This conclusion has enlightening significance for the translation of classical books and research of it.<br />
Many scholars analyze one or multiple translations based on a certain theory. This kind of essay accounts for the highest proportion, which shows that it is a relatively popular form of study.<br />
Meng Jian, Qu Tao, Xia Yang (2012) analyzed the translation characteristics of Gu Hongming's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the perspective of adaptation theory and studied how to achieve maximum equivalence in cross-cultural translation under the influence of different cultural contexts. They believed that in translation, the translator should make dynamic adaptations according to different contexts and overcome the influence of different cultural contexts, then conveying the cultural connotation of the original as much as possible.<br />
Zhang Xiaoman, Liu Yuyang (2018) analyzed Liu Dianjue's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' based on the theory of translation norms. The theory of translation introduces cultural memes into translation, involving many disciplines such as philosophy, linguistics and sociology. Based on this theory, the author analyzed the translation norms behind the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', and believed that the translation is consistent with the expectancy norms and professional norms. They concluded that translation should satisfy the expectations of target language readers and the transplanting of cultural content needs to arouse the spiritual resonance of target language readers.<br />
Zhou Qian (2023) studied Xu Yuanchong's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the perspective of Eco-translatology. She thought that combing this kind of text with the ecological translation can make the obscure text fully reveal the inner meaning. In the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', Xu Yuanchong fully grasped the translational ecological environment, and achieved the ecological balance based on the adaptation and selection to the translation environment.<br />
Some scholars made a comparative analysis of the two or more translations based on a certain theory. Chen Yang (2009) compared the three English versions of ''The Analects of Confucius'' with systematic functional linguistics and carried out functional discourse analysis, aiming to objectively evaluate the effect of the translation by comparing the functional parameters of the original text and the target text. The author believed that the theory of systemic functional linguistics can help to explain the choice of language in different versions of ''The Analects of Confucius'', and also provide a certain basis for the evaluation of translations.<br />
Li Gang, Li Jinshu (2013) chose the descriptive translation studies. Because every translation is a product of a specific historical and cultural context, this theory is helpful to better understand and explain the translation phenomenon. They selected many English versions, analyzed the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the context of Western centralism and cultural centralism respectively, and believed that the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' has realized a gradual process from seeking common to reserving differences.<br />
Huang Guowen, Chen Ying (2014) used the concept of variation in the framework of Systematic Functional Linguistics, focused on the issues of variation in language use and variation in translation, and made a comparative analysis of multiple English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius''. They believed that there are three types of variation in the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' variation in register, variation in textual structure, and variation in language choice.<br />
All the above essays used Western theories as guidance, while Yao Cuiping (2022) chose Lin Yutang's translation standard as the guidance, and compared the English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' by James Legge, Waley, and Gu Hongming. The paper analyzed the serious and common mistakes in the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and put forward some suggestions on how to modify them.<br />
====Studies from the Translator's Perspective====<br />
Since the 1970s, under the influence of the "cultural turn", the perspective and focus of the research of translation theory have shifted to the translator to varying degrees, and the translator's identity, status and role in translation activities have been rethought and repositioned, the translator's subjectivity has been gradually highlighting in the theoretical level. (Zhu Xianlong, Xie Baoxia 2006, 65) Therefore, when scholars study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', the analysis from the translator's perspective cannot be ignored. <br />
Throughout the history of Chinese and Western translation, translation activities have been dominated by specific translation theories in different periods, which have potentially restricted the translator's practice to varying degrees. Therefore, Zhu Xianlong, Xie Baoxia (2006) studied the transition process of the translator's identity in translation activities from the perspective of the historical evolution of translation theory, and analyzed the reasons for the change of the translator's identity from the philosophical level. Translation theory has realized the transformation from language to literature and then to culture, and the translator's identity has also changed from being lower than the author to being considered to play a decisive role in translation activities, and the importance of the translator has gradually manifested. <br />
Many scholars emphasized that translators hold a principal status. Based on Lefevere's theory of rewriting and Verschueren's theory of adaptation, Xu Jun, Xiao Haiyan (2018) analyzed the influence of ideology and poetics on Legge and Waley's translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and how translators make adaptive decisions in the manipulation of ideology and poetics, and concluded that the process of translation is the process in which the translator exerts his subjectivity under specific conditions of constraints, and the process in which the mainstream ideology and poetics interact with the translator's subjectivity. Therefore, he believed that the study of the English translation of classical works should not ignore the study of the translator's subjectivity.<br />
Yang Lin (2020) also emphasized the translator's subjectivity, but he focused on analyzing the different strategies adopted by Chinese and Western translators for different translation purposes. Gu Hongming tried to change the image of China in the minds of Westerners, so he adopted domestication in his translation, while Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont adopted foreignization.<br />
Zhang Xiaoman, Sun Xiaolu (2022) believed that there exists a cyclic transformational dialogue relationship between the author, translator and reader in Gu Hongming's English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', which makes the ideas of ''The Analects of Confucius'' give birth to the new quality of culture in the cyclic dialogue, thus driving the inheritance and transmission of culture.<br />
In terms of the application of the translator's subjectivity, there is one translator in the history of Chinese translation who has taken it to the extreme. With the aim of promoting Chinese culture, his translation plays an important role in the history of Chinese and foreign translation. He is Gu Hongming, a master of studies of Chinese ancient civilization. Gu Hongming was the first Chinese in the history of translating Confucian classics into English. On the basis of following the idea of the original work, Gu Hongming's translation reflects the translator's subjectivity in many places. Therefore, most scholars chose Gu Hongming's translation as the research object when studying the translator's subjectivity.<br />
====Studies on the Translation of Unique Cultural or Linguistic Phenomena====<br />
Because Chinese culture has a long historical background and unique cultural connotation, some unique cultural phenomena cannot be translated, which brings difficulties to the English translation of Chinese classics such as The Analects of Confucius.<br />
The core concept words in the book bear the most representative thoughts of Confucianism and have distinct cultural characteristics. Therefore, the translator often has difficulties in finding corresponding words in the target language, or these words have different meanings in the two cultures. The core concept words account for a large proportion of The Analects of Confucius, and whether the translation of these words is appropriate also determines the quality of the whole translation of the book to a large extent. So some scholars choose the translation of a certain core concept for research.<br />
"Junzi" is commonly used in ''The Analects of Confucius''. Since Western missionaries translated Confucian classics, this word has had many translated versions. Han Xing, Han Qiuyu (2016) analyzed and compared the similarities and differences of the concept of "Junzi" in the popular English translations of James Legge and Arthur Waley in combination with the moral and political implications of the concept itself in Confucian culture. The author believed that Legge's translation "the superior man" is more reasonable, because not only this translation has spread widely, but also Legge's grasp of the concept of "Junzi" is more accurate.<br />
"Ren" is the core of Confucius' thought, the highest morality in Confucius' ethical thought and the sum of all morals, and ''The Analects of Confucius'' has also endowed "Ren" with rich connotation. Different translators have different understandings and translations of "Ren", and the translation of it plays a very important role in the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', which should be paid attention to. Yang Ping (2008) summarized and analyzed various translations of "Ren", and argued that "Ren" is best translated by transliteration to preserve its spiritual essence and convey Confucius' ideas objectively.<br />
"Tian" is also a core idea in ''The Analects of Confucius''. Zhang Zheng, Hu Wenxiao (2015) analyzed "Tian" in ''The Analects of Confucius'', and summarized and compared different translations of it. The author believed that "heaven" and "god" not only cannot fully convey the connotation of "Tian", but also easily make readers associate with Western religions. Therefore, using transliteration to translate "Tian" is more concise and appropriate, and annotations and explanations can be added according to specific contexts.<br />
Guo Yuqing (2022) selected the translation of "Xiao" in ''The Analects of Confucius'' as the research object. The author used LancsBox, a new corpus analysis tool, compared the similarities and differences of the core concept "Xiao" between the two English translations by Gu Hongming and James Legge and analyzed the reasons for the differences.<br />
Deng Jie (2022) studied the two core concepts of "Li" and "Junzi" that frequently appear in ''The Analects of Confucius'', comparing and analyzing the translation methods of James Legge and Gu Hongming in accordance with their social and cultural background and translation motivation, and exploring the similarities and differences between the two translators in their understanding of Confucian thoughts. It can be seen that scholars advocate transliteration for the translation of core concepts. In this kind of study, the author often evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of each translation on the core concept in combination with his personal interpretation of traditional Confucian thought and put forward his own views, so this kind of study will evitably have the tendency of subjectivity.<br />
The indigenous concept refers to the unique concept or information that a language community has developed in the course of its history, culture, society and way of thinking. For translators, it is difficult to convey the indigenous concepts to the target language culture. Therefore, Li Guangwei, Ge Lingling (2018) studied the indigenous concepts in ''The Analects of Confucius''. According to Qi Yucun’s criteria of cultural classification, the paper divided the indigenous concepts into three categories: material culture, system and custom culture, and spiritual culture, and based on a parallel corpus, studied the English version of Gu Hongming. The author believed that translators should actively adapt to the different contexts of the target culture at the surface level, middle level and deep level and adopt corresponding translation strategies for different categories of indigenous concepts.<br />
Culture-loaded words are also a big difficulty in the translation. They are as closely related to culture as the indigenous concepts. Relying on the Chinese ideological and cultural terminology Library under the project of “Chinese ideological and cultural terminology communication project”, Yang Dan (2022) combed and summarized the culture-loaded words in ''The Analects of Confucius'' translated by Legge, Gu Hongming and Arthur Waley, and made a comparative study of different translations from three aspects: language, culture, and communication from the eco perspective. The author believed that when dealing with culture-loaded words, the translator should preserve the style and characteristics of the source language as much as possible, and take into account both the source language culture and the target language culture.<br />
Some scholars studied the translation of sentences. There are various types of topic sentences in ''The Analects of Confucius'', which are widely distributed. Wang Yong, Qin Si (2022) analyzed the distribution and characteristics of topic sentences in ''The Analects of Confucius'' and studied the translation strategies of topic sentences in the English translation by James Legge. Legge mainly adopted the translation strategy of domestication at the syntactic level, which conforms to the linguistic features of English.<br />
In addition to the above studies, Xue Bing, Xiang Mingyou (2020) also used DocuScope and relevant statistical tools to make inductive statistics and comparison of rhetorical features in the English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' by Legge and Waley, to analyze the difference in rhetorical effects of different translations. Digital research tools can enrich the existing English translation studies of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in research methods and research perspectives and provide new ideas for translation research.<br />
====Studies on the Problems in the Existing English Translations of ''The Analects of Confucius''====<br />
Some scholars studied the problems in the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. Misinterpretation of the original text is one of the most common problems in English translation.<br />
Under the guidance of the theory of the manipulation of ideology, Xu Jun (2010) took the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' by Arthur Waley as a case study, analyzed the misinterpretation and mistranslation in the translation of cultural classics, and pointed out that the misinterpretation and mistranslation are closely related to ideology.<br />
Liu Zhengguang, Chen Yi, Xu Haoqi (2016) also studied Authur Waley's English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', but their focus was on deviations in his translation. Based on the relevant principles of cognitive linguistics, the author analyzed various deviations in the translation process of Arthur Waley from the translator's individual cognitive style, discussed the influence of the translator's subjectivity on understanding the source language and translating from different dimensions and explained the deep cognitive causes of various deviations. Applying the relevant principles of cognitive linguistics to the analysis of "deviation" can, to some extent, trigger scholars to think deeply about "domestication" and "foreignization".<br />
The view of "Wen" and "Zhi" is an important part of Confucius' ethical thought, and ''The Analects of Confucius'' is the main carrier of it. When translating The Analects of Confucius, the translator inevitably misinterprets it, which will have a negative impact on cross-cultural communication.<br />
Fang Xing, Yang Yanyan (2019) believed that James Legge's, and Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont's translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' misinterpreted the view of "Wen" and "Zhi". Their paper analyzed the true essence of Confucius' view of "Wen" and "Zhi", explored the reasons for their misinterpretations of it and put forward some solutions. Their study is of great significance for revealing the true meaning of Confucius' ethical thought, correcting misinterpretation in translations, and promoting the dissemination of Confucius' classics.<br />
Liu Yuyu (2019) paid attention to the problem of Counter-west Centerlism, who believed that it is always a problem that cannot be wiped out. The author analyzed the translation of the keywords "Tian" and "Ren" in Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont's translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. Although the two translators adopt the translation strategy of foreignization, the "otherization" of Chinese culture is hidden behind it. The author believed that overemphasis on cultural differences can not effectively achieve the purpose of Counter-west Centerlism, and it is necessary to eliminate the bias of cultural relativism.<br />
====Studies on the dissemination of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West====<br />
The above essays are to study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from different perspectives based on different theories. In addition to studying the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the linguistic level, there are also studies on its translation and dissemination in the West from the macro level of culture. The translation, dissemination and research of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West can be traced back to the 16th century.<br />
The translation of Chinese classics is an important part of promoting the dissemination of Chinese culture in the world. The process of translation, dissemination, acceptance and study of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West is a microcosm of translation, dissemination, and acceptance of Chinese culture. Li Weirong, Liang Huina, Wu Suxin (2015) introduced three stages of translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West, including the beginning, the maturity and prosperity and expansion of the translation and research in the West, presenting the whole picture of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West.<br />
Wang Yan (2010) focused on the development of contemporary Western Sinology. The author believed that the contemporary English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' mainly appeared after the 1990s, which was influenced by the trend of contemporary Western Sinology research. This paper analyzed the development tendency of Sinology in the United States and the characteristics of the contemporary English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. The contemporary English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' not only enriches Sinology itself, but also promotes the dialogue and exchange between Western Sinology and Chinese academic circles.<br />
Western Sinology appeared in the late Ming and Qing dynasties while the missionaries went missionary works in China. Jiang Zhe (2019) believed that there is a two-way communication between Western Sinology and Chinese Confucianism. The author discussed the English translations and interpretations of “Xin Jin Yu Yi, Yan Ke Fu YE” in Liu Dianjue's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and argued that they fully embody the two-way communication between Western Sinology and Chinese Confucianism. <br />
Gu Huijuan (2019) studied the international communication of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the perspective of the publication of English translation. The paper introduced the translation and publication history of The Analects of Confucius, compared several representative versions, summed up the historical experience from the international communication of Chinese traditional culture, and explored the means of Chinese culture "going out". The author believed that the publication of translation should truly "enter" or integrate into the cultural system of the target language in order to better disseminate Chinese culture around the world.<br />
Zhang Xiaoxue (2019) collected statistics on the number of citations of English versions of The Analects of Confucius in Google Scholar to understand the influence of these translations, and discussed the influence of the factors of the translator, environment, translation, reader and feedback on the effect of reception of the translation in the process of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. This paper revealed the means to achieve success in the translation of classical works and provided a reference for promoting the dissemination of traditional Chinese culture to the world.<br />
Qin Hongwu, Kong Lei, Xu Xin (2020) also studied from the perspective of the reception of the readers. The paper compared and analyzed the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and the non-translational Confucian texts for communication, and observed the possible factor influencing the effect of communication of the translations of ''The Analects of Confucius''.<br />
Liu Hongwei, Wang Xiangling (2020) combined the advantages of other classical communication models, established a new equal intercommunication model of translation and dissemination of traditional Chinese cultural classics, and propose some application principles to promote the dissemination of traditional Chinese culture, which has a certain use for reference in translations and research of Chinese literature.<br />
Han Fule, Liu Yan (2020) expounded on the dissemination and translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the UK from four periods, and considered ways to effectively disseminate Chinese ideology and culture, which provides reference and guidance for the effective dissemination of Chinese ideology and culture.<br />
===Deficiencies and Reflections on the Study of the English Translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''===<br />
Through the overview of the research results of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the past five years, it can be seen that with the continuous deepening of the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', the perspective of the study is no longer single, not only from the aspects of language, but also from different perspectives such as philosophy, history and culture. With the development of science and technology, more and more scholars use technical tools to study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', such as corpus. Corpus-based translation studies can provide guidance for English translation in terms of vocabulary, translation standards and principles. In addition, the selection of English translations is no longer limited to the most classic translations, and the objects of study are more diverse. Although the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' is becoming more and more mature with continuous study, there are still some areas to be improved.<br />
Firstly, although the perspective of the study is more abundant, the study on the cultural level is still relatively absent. Even though some scholars pay attention to the cultural level and conduct research on it, they pay more attention to the differences in ideology, and few scholars conduct systematic research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the aspects of philosophy and politics. As a Chinese classic, it was formed with a certain historical and cultural background, so the study of the English translation of it can also be explored from the aspects of history and philosophy.<br />
Secondly, up to now, there have been more than 40 full English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'', providing a large number of objects for studies. However, most researchers chose the translations of James Legge, Gu Hongming, and Waley, and ignored other translations. Therefore, to study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the future, the first thing to do is to have a detailed and overall grasp of the previous studies, so as to avoid repeated studies, which will reduce the research value. At the same time, for different translations, most researchers only analyzed their differences, and did not summarize the general characteristics and influencing factors of translations in a certain period.<br />
Thirdly, in terms of combining theories, scholars have chosen many different translation theories to study, but many studies are limited to superficial phenomena without further exploration.<br />
===Conclusion===<br />
As one of the classics of Confucianism, ''The Analects of Confucius'' has exerted a profound influence on the thought and culture of the Chinese nation and has many English translations. Therefore, the study of the English translation of The Analects of Confucius should become the focus of attention. The study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' is different from the general translation studies. It also undertakes the task of the communication of Chinese traditional culture to the outside world. The purpose of it is to improve the level of the English translation of Chinese classics and better promote the spread of Chinese traditional culture in the world. As one of the research hotspots, great achievements have been made in the study of the English translation of The Analects of Confucius. The research contents are increasingly enriched and refined, and the research perspectives are increasingly diversified. However, there is still room for improvement, and it is hoped that this paper can provide a reference for the English translation and research of The Analects of Confucius and even all classical works.<br />
This paper summarizes the essays on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the past five years, but does not study the foreign studies on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. There are many foreign essays on ''The Analects of Confucius'', but there are few essays specifically on it, so this paper does not involve the current situation of foreign research, and the review is not very comprehensive. In the future, the author hopes to make a more comprehensive analysis of this field in combination with foreign research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''.<br />
===References===<br />
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=202270081681 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
==On the Dissemination and Translation of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe==<br />
<center>Zhang Yuyan 202270081681 </center><br />
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===Abstract===<br />
This paper is on the dissemination and translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''( ''Ben Cao Gang Mu'') in Europe. In the wave of globalization, the earth is increasingly becoming a small village. Pandemics such as cholera, the black death, SARS and COVID-19 has made us realize that the promotion of human health depends on the combination of multiple medical systems. In this context, it is necessary to trace back the history of the translation and dissemination of traditional Chinese medicine books, which will undoubtedly further enhance their influence abroad and show the world the splendid traditional culture of China in a more comprehensive way.<br />
<br />
The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was written by Li Shizhen,an outstanding medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty. He himself not only attached great importance to the achievements of previous medical works, inherited and carried forward former experience, but also had original research achievements. As one of the most comprehensive, abundant, and systematic books on traditional Chinese medicine in ancient China, the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has already had a history of over 400 years. It was at the end of the 17th century that it spread to Europe. In the 18th century, there were abridged and complete translations of French, English, German, Russian, and other languages. Later, it attracted in-depth research and received high praise from overseas scholars, and it has been a hot topic to this today.<br />
<br />
Taking the dissemination and translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe as the starting point, the paper will review, analyze, and summarize its major French and English versions from the 18th century to the 20th century. Besides, it briefly divides its dissemination history into three stages-from 17th to the 18th century, the 19th century, and the 20th to the 21st century(Fu Lu 2020), aiming to sort out the context and provide some historical references for medical exchanges in this era of globalization(Gao Xi 2015).<br />
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===Key Words===<br />
the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''; translation;cultural dissemination; historical references<br />
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===《本草纲目》在欧洲的译介和传播===<br />
<center>张玉燕 202270081681 </center><br />
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===摘要===<br />
在全球化的浪潮下，地球日益成为一个小小的村落。霍乱、黑死病、SARS、新冠等大流行的出现，使我们意识到人类健康需要依靠多种医学体系的相互交融和发展。在此背景下，回溯中医书籍翻译和传播的历史，无疑将进一步增强其在国外的影响力，更全面地向世界展示中华民族灿烂悠久的传统文化。<br />
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《本草纲目》为明代杰出医药学家李时珍所著，他既高度重视历史医药著作的成果、继承发扬前人的医药经验，又有李时珍本人原创性的研究成就，《本草纲目》是我国古代著作中论述中药最全面、最丰富、最系统的典籍，成书已有400多年的历史，早在17世纪末就流传到欧洲，18世纪陆续出现了法、英、德、俄等语言的节选或完整译本。随后引起了海外学者的深入研究和高度评价，至今仍是热点。<br />
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本文以《本草纲目》在欧洲的译介和传播为切入点，对其18世纪-20世纪的法文、英文译本进行回顾、分析和总结(付璐 2020），并将《本草纲目》在欧洲的传播史按时间跨度大致分为三个阶段：17-18世纪、19世纪、20世纪-21世纪，旨在梳理脉络，为当今全球化时代的医学交流提供某些历史借鉴(高晞 2015)。<br />
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===关键词===<br />
《本草纲目》;译介;文化传播;历史借鉴<br />
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===Introduction===<br />
Li Shizhen was a famous medical scientist of the Ming Dynasty. After several years of medicine practice, he found that there were many mistakes in ancient Chinese herbal books and decided to recompile one. In the 31st year of Jiajing (1552), Li Shizhen began to compile the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', which was based on ''Classified Materia Medica'' . To ensure the accuracy of the information, he referred to more than 800 books, and investigated many places on the spot. Since the 44th year Jiajing(1565), Li Shizhen had been to Wudang Mountain, Lushan Mountain, Maoshan Mountain, Niushoushan Mountain, Hunan province, Hubei province, Jiangxi province and other places to collect drug samples and prescriptions, figuring out many difficult issues. After 27 years of unswerving efforts and three revisions,the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''， the giant work of 1.92 million words, was completed.<br />
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What is the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''( ''Ben Cao Gang Mu'')? Chinese people seem to be familiar with "Ben Cao Gang Mu". However, once they are asked, few can explain them clearly. Since ancient times, there have been many drugs used to treat diseases, including plants, animals, and minerals,among which there is a big difference in quantity. Herb(cao), a plant, accounts for the largest proportion. Therefore, the ancients had been using the phrase "materia medica"(ben cao) to represent medicine. As for "compendium"(gang mu), the rope used by fishermen to pull up the fishing net is "gang", and the mesh on the fishing net is "mu".When the fishing net is opened, it is called "gang ju mu zhang", which is the original of the word "gang mu"(Wang Qiuling&Si Qintu 2022). When the concept of "compendium"(gang mu) is applied to book writing, it becomes a traditional form of Chinese chronicle compilation.<br />
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The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' consists of 52 volumes, which is essentially a dictionary of ancient medicines（Huang Zhijie 2000）. Based on the theoretical content in the ''Shennong’s Herbal Classic''(Yang Shujia 2021),the first and second volumes are preface examples, in which the viewpoints of scholars from different eras and of Li Shizhen himself are added. It aims to understand the performance, usage principles, and methods of drugs in traditional Chinese medicine. In the third and fourth volumes, the drugs are classified according to their performance and indications, reflecting the spirit of syndrome differentiation and treatment. The remaining 48 volumes are all about drugs, totaling 1892 types.<br />
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===The Translation of Compendium of Materia Medica in Europe===<br />
English translation of traditional Chinese medicine plays an crucial role in the process of internationalization. Accurate translation can express the connotation of basic terminology, convey the medical principles and cultural characteristics, promote the concept of health preservation and prevention, and promote characteristic therapy of traditional Chinese medicine.<br />
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In this chapter, it will analyze the French and English versions of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in the 18th-21st century. In terms of this, the scholar Pan Jixing pointed out in the article ''Compendium of Materia Medica: The East and West''(1983) , ＂Jacques François Vandermonde's ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu'' , Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'' and the works of Bernard Emms Read have partially translated the content of Li Shizhen's ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. ＂As for the complete translation, we can miss the English version translated by Luo Xiwen in 2004.<br />
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====Abridged Translations====<br />
=====Jacques François Vandermonde's ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu''=====<br />
Dr. Joseph Needham, a British biochemist and historian of science, recorded in the Science and Civilization in China (1954)," Jacques Francois Vandermonde, a French doctor, had been practicing medicine in Macao, China for over 10 years. In 1732, he accidentally got a book of ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. According to its recorded drugs, he collected over 80 kinds of mineral samples. Later, with the help of Chinese people, he explained the samples one by one according to the original description of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', and attached them with corresponding labels. He also wrote a manuscript titled ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu'' ,which can be seen as an abridged French translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''." <br />
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Written in French, this manuscript consists of one volume, with a total of 90 pages in the main text. Each paragraph is preceded by a serial number, and the corresponding Chinese name of the drug is written in the margin,such as "zao xin tu"(oven earth) ,"xiong huang"( red orpiment),"gan cao"( licorice). In this manuscript, he extracted and translated the names, origins, properties, five flavors,manufacturing methods, and efficacy of some mineral drugs from the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''.For example, when describing the origin,we have the expression "金牙生蜀郡 ， 如金色者良"(Li Shizhen 1593) in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' and " jinya stone is a golden stone produced in Sichuan "in ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu''. For another example, when talking about property, we have "出煅灶中，如尘紫色，轻者为佳，亦以磨莹铜器用之" (Li Shizhen 1593)in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' and " Iron powder is considered to be the red powder found in casting furnaces. The lightest is the best, and it is used for polishing copper ware "in Jacques Francois Vandermonde 's manuscript. As for manufacturing methods, we have "其法用白锡和银薄及水银合成之，凝硬如银，合炼有法"(Li Shizhen 1593) in Li Shizhen's book, and "This is a mixture made by melting an equal amount of silver and mercury" in the book of Jacques François Vandermonde...<br />
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Unfortunately, the specimens collected by Jacques Francois Vandermonde and his translations did not receive much attention at the time. It was until the year of 1839 that Edouard Constant Biot, a French sinologist, collaborated with friends to analyze those mineral specimens and made the results public. In 1896, with the help of Chinese people(Zhang Xiuping&Wang Xiaoming 1993), F.de Mely and M.H.Courel published the entire excerpt, bringing it back to light.Now, the manuscript has been preserved Museum national d'Histoire naturelle(Needham 1954).<br />
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Generally speaking, when selectively translating, Jacques Francois Vandermonde translated the properties first,and then the origins, production methods, and efficacy. In terms of the translation of mineral drugs, he mainly adopted free translation and translated corresponding elements.<br />
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=====Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise''=====<br />
During the same period, when Jacques Francois Vandermonde's manuscript was neglected, another abridged French translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''- ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', gained great fame.<br />
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Published in Paris and edited by Jean Baptiste Du Halde(Du Halde 1738), this book was co-authored by 27 missionaries in China(Fu Lu&Xiao Yongzhi 2019). It has four volumes, and is a comprehensive work which introduces China from various aspects, covering ancient Chinese politics, religion, etiquette, customs, geography, medicine,customs,flora and fauna,etc. In this book, it also contains some selected translations from the first part of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. In page 437, Volume 3 of ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', there is a volume named ''Excerpts from the Compendium of Materia Medica''- ''Chinese Herbology or Chinese natural history of Medicine'' (Du Halde 1738). It introduces that the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was compiled by Li Shizhen, a Chinese medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty, and explains the details of its publication. In addition, it also selectively translated some 16 kinds of drugs in the book. <br />
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Basically speaking, in terms of the translation of medicine names and prescriptions, Jean Baptiste Du Halde often adopted transliteration or literal translation. For example, he translated "人参'' into "JIN-SENG", "三七'' into"SAN-TSI'', "海马" into"Sea-Horse"（Du Halde 1738），复命汤"into"the medicine which restores lost life. At the same time, there are some mistakes in his translation because of cultural differences and conflicts.In terms of the translation of disease names and symptoms, free translation is often used. For example,"伤寒坏症"is translated into "For malignant fevers","怔忡自汗" into "For the palpitation of the heart, attended with sweating（Du Halde 1738）.<br />
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As the first French version of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' published in Europe, ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', enables European readers to have a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', which promotes European scholars' cognition of the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine, and was a landmark event for the spread of ''Compendium of Materia Medica''.<br />
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===== Bernard Emms Read's translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''=====<br />
Though Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'' has spread widely and gained a lot of fame, it only contains a small part of drug translation in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. Therefore, Bernard Emms Read along with many Chinese and foreign scholars from the Beijing Society of Museums compiled a series of works on the study and abridged translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' at the beginning of the 20th century((Wang Jiming 2011). In this series, there are 8 works, including one botanical medicine work, one mineral medicine work, and six animal medicine works. It also refers to 12 departments of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'',such as "Jinshi department","grass department","grain department","vegetable department","fruit department","wood department","insect department","poultry department","animal department","human department"...<br />
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As for the botanical medicine works, the book ''Chinese Medicinal Plants from the Pen Ts'ao Kang Mu'' ,which is co-authored by Bernard Emms Read and Liu Ruqiang, elaborates on more than 800 botanical medicines listed in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. It also covers the "grass department","grain department","vegetable department","fruit department" and "wood department"(from volume 12 to volume 37 of the original). ''A Compendium of Minerals and Stones Used in Chinese Medicine from the Pen T'sao Kang Mu'' is the mineral medicine work that is co-authored by Bernard Emms Read and C.Pek. It narrates the "Jinshi department (volume 8 to volume 11) in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'',carrying over a hundred types of mineral drugs. In terms of the animal drugs, there are 6 departments in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'',such as "insect department", "squamous department","poultry department"and "human department" .Bernard Emms Read translated it into 6 works for publication.<br />
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In fact,several research works and translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' written by Bernard Emms Read differ greatly in style. As for his translation, only the "name" can be translated from the research works of plant medicine, while the "bone" can be translated from the research works of mineral medicine. It was not until the translation of nimal medicine section that the "flesh" and "form" were truly translated.<br />
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=====The Boom of abridged translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''=====<br />
In the 18th century, the wave of "sinomania" rose in Europe. Once the French version ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'' was published,it attracted the attention of all walks of life and was translated into many languages successively. In 1735, the French edition was sold out.In 1736, its English version ''The General History of China'' was issued in London, which is called Ed. John Watts. From 1737 to 1741, there was Ed. E. Cave(Pan Jixin 1980)... With the translation and dissemination of the ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has been partially translated into French, English, German，Russian(Zhang Shengxin 2003)...<br />
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====The Complete Translations of Luo Xiwen's ''Compendium of Materia Medica''====<br />
At the beginning of the 21st century, the complete English translation ''Compendium of Materia Medica''(Luo Xiwen 2004),which is translated by Luo Xiwen and published in Foreign Language Press, became the first and only complete English translation at present. <br />
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The book totals more than 6 million words(Li Shizhne 1593).As for arrangement, the original work of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' contains 52 volumes The transaltion is faithful to it, and ends up with 6 books. In the first book,it translated volume 1 to volume 4 of the original, involving prefaces of Wang Shizhen, Xia Xin, Zhang Dingsi, Li Jianyuan, "preface examples" and "prescriptions for various diseases".The second book translated volume 5 to volume 14, which includes ''water department","fire department","earth department","Jinshi department",and section 1 to section 3 of "grass department". The third book translated volume 15 to volume 22, including section 4 to section 11 of the "grass department" and the first part of "grain department". While the fourth book recounts volume 23 to volume 34, and involves section 2 to section 4 of "grain department". The fifth book translated volume 35 to volume 46, and contains the second part to sixth part of "wood department" The last book narrates volume 47 to volume 52, including "poultry department","animal department"and "human department".<br />
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When it comes to the translation of each drug, it also follow the style of the original. Under specific drugs,their serial numbers are first listed,followed by their "Chinese Pinyin/Latin/English names, explanation of names, previous explanations, preparations, quality and taste, indications, explication and prescriptions. He uses Chinese Pinyin instead of Western Pinyin to promote Chinese culture.For some drugs, drug diagrams are attached in the text. Different from other translators, Luo Xiwen completely follows the style and content of the original from the beginning to the end. In terms of the attached table, Luo Wenxi's version contains a comparison table between the Chinese dynasties and AD era and is accompanied by various Chinese, English, and Latin indexes for readers to search for drugs.<br />
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In short, several French and English translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' from the 18th century to the present have been introduced. Regardless of their quality, they have played a certain role in promoting the dissemination of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe. As for its dissemination, we will discuss it in detail in the next chapter.<br />
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===The Dissemination of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe===<br />
Since the 17th century, the dissemination of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has never stopped. In this chapter, it roughly divides it into three stages: from the 17th to 18th century, the 19th century, and from the 20th to 21st century. <br />
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====Introduction and translation period (17th-18thcentury)====<br />
The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was written at the end of the 16th century. Now, it is uncertain when and by whom it was first transmitted to Europe.However, according to scholar Chen Hengxin's ''A Study on the Collection of Chinese Books in the French National Library'',when Jiachim Bouvet returned to France, he presented Louis XIV 49 Chinese books of 22 kinds, among which there was a set of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' hardbound in yellow silk. That is to say, just a century after the completion of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', it had already set foot on the land of Europe and entered the Royal Library of France. In the 18th century, several abridged translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' emerged in Europe,such as Jacques François Vandermonde's ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu'', Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'',etc.<br />
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====Research and evaluation period (19th century)====<br />
From the 17th to 18th centuries, European readers' acceptance of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' remained at the level of collection, introduction, and translation. In the 19th century, as botanist, chemists, naturalists, zoologists, pharmacologists and other scholars joined the reader group of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', the research on this book and Chinese medicine was also gradually carried out, including the drawing of drug maps, the collection and analysis of drug specimens, and the interpretation and evaluation of the drugs contained in the book from the perspective of chemistry and pharmacology in Europe at that time. The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has gained a wider audience in Europe.<br />
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====Cultural impression construction period (20-21st century)====<br />
In the 20th to 21st century, the dissemination and reception methods became increasingly widespread, and this book was also exhibited through museums and international academic conferences.Through various channels such as discussions and documentaries, the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was disseminated to various countries. During this period, there are versions of Bernard Emms Read, Luo Xiwen...And the research on the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' by European scholars in modern times has shown a diversified trend.<br />
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===Conclusion===<br />
The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has been published for over 4 centuries. Over the long years, this great work has not been submerged. On the contrary, it has become even more brilliant under the polishing of time. It is a classic and precious work in traditional Chinese medicine culture, and also a pioneering work for traditional Chinese medicine culture to go abroad and spread overseas（Zhang Yan&Yin Na 2022）. Since the late 17th century, it has been introduced to various countries in Europe and America, and related translations and research have emerged accordingly. The translation and dissemination of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' not only demonstrate the strong vitality of traditional Chinese medicine, but also provide some inspiration and reference for modern medicine, promoting mutual exchange and cooperation between Eastern and Western medical cultures(Liu Runlan 2014). On the other hand, it greatly demonstrates the charm of traditional Chinese medicine culture as an important component of Chinese traditional culture, and also provides inspiration and reference for the translation and dissemination of Chinese cultural classics.<br />
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===References===<br />
[1] Du Halde杜赫德． ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise''《中华帝国全志》［M］． London 伦敦: E Cave 凯夫，1738．<br />
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[2] Needham，J李约瑟． ''Science and Civilisation in China''《中国科学技术史》［M］．Cambridge 剑桥: Cambridge University Press 剑桥大学出版社，1954．<br />
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[3]李时珍Li Shizhen ．《本草纲目》''Compendium of Materia Medica''［M］． 罗希文译Translated by Luo Xiwen． 北京 Beijing: 外文出版社Foreign Language Press，2004．<br />
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[4]李时珍 Li Shizhen.《本草纲目》''Compendium of Materia Medica''［M].明万历二十一年癸已In the 21st year of the Ming Wanli reign (1593)金陵胡承龙刻本Jinling Hu Chenglong Inscription．<br />
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[5] 张秀平Zhang Xiuping，王晓明Wang Xiaoming． 影响中国的 100 本书100 ''Books that Have Influnenced China''［M].南宁Nanning: 广西人民出版社Guangxi People's Publishing House，1993．<br />
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[6] 张焱Zhang Yan,尹娜Yin Na.《本草纲目》在欧美的译介与传播''Translation and Communications of Materia Medica in Europe and America'' [J].华北理工大学学报(社会科学版) Journal of North China University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition),2022,22(05):126-133. <br />
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[7] 潘吉星Pan Jixing．《本草纲目》之东被及西渐''Compendium of Materia Medica: The East and West''［J］． 中国药学杂志Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal，1983( 10) : 11－18．<br />
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[8] 付璐Fu Lu．《本草纲目》在欧洲的流传研究''The Transmission of BengCaoGangMu in Europe'' [D]．北京Beijing：中国中医科学院China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences，2020．<br />
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[9] 付璐Fu Lu．浅谈《中华帝国全志》对《本草纲目》的翻译与传播''On the Translation and Dissemination of Compendium of Materia Medica by The General History of China''［J］．中医杂志Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine，2019,60（15）:1265-1276.<br />
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[10] 潘吉星Pan Jixing．关于李时珍《本草纲目》外文译文的几个问题''Several Questions about the Foreign Translation of Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica''［J］．中医杂志Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,1980(3):62-66.<br />
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[11] 高晞Gao Xi．十五世纪以来中医在西方的传播与研究''The Spread and Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the West since the 15th Century''［J］．中医药文化Chinese Medical Culture，2015（6）:15-24.<br />
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[12]刘润兰Liu Runlan.《本草纲目》在海外的传播与影响''The Spread and Influence of Compendium of Materia Medica Overseas'' [J].世界中西医结合杂志World Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine,2014,9(01):89-90.<br />
[13]王秋玲Wang Qiuling,斯琴图Si Qintu.什么是“本草纲目”? ''What is "Compendium of Materia Medica"?'' [J]. 少儿国学.Children's Traditional Chinese Studies,2022(03):38-39.<br />
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[14]杨舒佳Yang Shujia. 《神农本草经》训诂史研究''A study on the History of Exegesis in Shennong’s Herbal Classic'' [D].北京中医药大学Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,2021.<br />
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[15]张晟星Zhang Shengxing.《本草纲目》的翻译与传播''Translation and Dissemination of Compendium of Materia Medica'' [J].上海科技翻译Shanghai Journal of Translators for Science and Technology,2003(01):55.<br />
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[16]黄志杰Huang Zhijie.《本草纲目》导读''Introduction to Compendium of Materia Medica'' [J].中医函授通讯Bulletin of Traditional Chinese Medicine Correspondence,2000(03):4-6.<br />
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[17]王吉民Wang Jimin． 祖国医药文化流传海外考''A Textual Research on the Spread of Chinese Medical Culture Overseas'' [M].广州Guangzhou: 广东人民出版社Guangdong People's Publishing House，2011．</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20230630_final_exam_03&diff=15576820230630 final exam 032023-06-11T08:16:01Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* = = Introduction = = */</p>
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<div>=202270081667 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
==Systematic Literature Review of the English Translation of ''The Analects''==<br />
<center>谢佳玉，202270081667</center><br />
===Abstract===<br />
''The Analects of Confucius'' is a classic work of Chinese Confucianism and one of the most authoritative books in Chinese history. It plays an important role in the history of Sino-Western cultural exchange. The English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' has always been a hot topic for study. The author selects 32 articles, including all essays in the last five years and the most cited in the past, and divides them into five aspects: the analysis and comparison of translations, the translator's perspective, the translation of unique cultural or linguistic phenomena, the problems in the existing English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and the dissemination of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West. This paper is a literature review of the achievements made by scholars in this field, which also points out the deficiencies, so as to promote the development of translation of Confucian classics and related studies.<br />
===Key Words===<br />
''The Analects of Confucius'', English translation, Literature review<br />
===《论语》英译研究文献综述===<br />
===摘要===<br />
===关键词===<br />
===Introduction===<br />
''The Analects of Confucius'' (Lun Yu) is one of the most important works of Confucianism, which records the remarks of Confucius and his disciples. It occupies a very important position in the history of Chinese literature and ideology. It not only has a profound influence in China, but also is one of the earliest works translated into English and spread in the West in ancient Chinese classics, and is also one of the most translated and interpreted Chinese classics.<br />
The translation of traditional Chinese classics, especially the Confucian classics, was accomplished by the cultural exchanges between China and the West since the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. ''The Analects of Confucius'' was first translated into the Western language at the end of the 16th century. A Latin translation of the Four Books by Western missionaries led by Matteo Ricci was published in 1594. The first English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' can be found in ''The Work of Confucius'' by Joshua Marshman, a missionary, but it is just an abridged translation and is not complete. It was not until 1861 that the first widely influential translation was published, which was ''Confucian Analects'' written by Lames Legge, a British missionary and Sinologist. Since then, English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' have been published, and Western countries have had a rudimentary understanding of Chinese culture. Gu Hongming's English version, which was published in 1898, also has a profound impact. In addition, Arthur Waley and D. C. Lau, a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and others also provide excellent translations. Up to now, there have been more than 40 English translations of The Analects of Confucius, each of which has its own characteristics with different translation methods and different styles. With so many English translations, the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' has naturally become a hot spot of research.<br />
The earliest essay about the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' was published in 1996 in CNKI. Until now, the study of English translation has gone for more than 20 years. In order to understand the achievements and current situation of the research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', the author collates and analyzes the articles about it in the past five years, providing references for further research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''.<br />
===Literature Review of the English Translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''===<br />
The author classifies and makes statistics on the studies of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. The essays come from China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Google Scholar. The author used the keyword "English translation of The Analects" to search on CNKI, there are a total of 121 academic dissertations and 331 journal papers, of which, from 2018 to 2023, there are 27 academic dissertations and 81 journal papers, 19 of which are published in core journals. In the past five years, the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in foreign countries is much less than that in China. The author searched on Google Scholar and only got a few essays, all written by Chinese scholars.<br />
On the basis of the searched essays, the author selected the papers published in domestic core journals in the past five years, the 13 most cited essays in the past, and the 5 English essays searched on Google Scholar. After further screening of these essays, 32 eligible essays were finally selected for research. This paper analyzes the achievements of domestic scholars the existing problems and the future development direction in this field.<br />
According to research, in general, the research of Chinese scholars on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' mainly focuses on the following aspects: the analysis and comparison of translations, the translator's perspective, the translation of unique cultural or linguistic phenomena, the problems in the existing English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and the dissemination of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West.<br />
====The Analysis and Comparison of Translations====<br />
The analysis of translation is an important method to study translation practice. Therefore, there are many essays studying from this perspective. Scholars mainly study translations from three aspects: the study of one translation, the study of two or more translations, and the study of single or multiple translations based on theory.<br />
The study of one translation is mainly focused on the comparison and analysis between the translation and the original. Zhang Defu (2021) analyzed Ni Peimin's distinctive English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. He explored the gongfu orientation and its application of it in Ni's translation and revealed that the gongfu orientation is an effective way to understand the core concepts of Confucianism and interpret the original text of ''The Analects of Confucius'', which has reference significance for inheriting and carrying forward the essence of the thought of Confucian classics and even traditional Chinese cultural classics. The study of one translation can make people more thoroughly understand the characteristics of the translation, and more comprehensively and profoundly understand it.<br />
The study of two or more translations is mainly a comparative study of different translations. The comparative analysis of different versions is a common topic in the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. Huang Guowen (2012) made a comparative analysis of different English versions of ''The Analects of Confucius'', and mainly discussed the process of translation of classic books, showing that the translation of classic books like ''The Analects of Confucius'' usually goes through two stages of "intralingual translation" and "interlingual translation" based on cases. When translating classic books into modern English, translators should first translate the source text written in classical Chinese into modern Chinese, and then translate it into modern English. This conclusion has enlightening significance for the translation of classical books and research of it.<br />
Many scholars analyze one or multiple translations based on a certain theory. This kind of essay accounts for the highest proportion, which shows that it is a relatively popular form of study.<br />
Meng Jian, Qu Tao, Xia Yang (2012) analyzed the translation characteristics of Gu Hongming's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the perspective of adaptation theory and studied how to achieve maximum equivalence in cross-cultural translation under the influence of different cultural contexts. They believed that in translation, the translator should make dynamic adaptations according to different contexts and overcome the influence of different cultural contexts, then conveying the cultural connotation of the original as much as possible.<br />
Zhang Xiaoman, Liu Yuyang (2018) analyzed Liu Dianjue's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' based on the theory of translation norms. The theory of translation introduces cultural memes into translation, involving many disciplines such as philosophy, linguistics and sociology. Based on this theory, the author analyzed the translation norms behind the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', and believed that the translation is consistent with the expectancy norms and professional norms. They concluded that translation should satisfy the expectations of target language readers and the transplanting of cultural content needs to arouse the spiritual resonance of target language readers.<br />
Zhou Qian (2023) studied Xu Yuanchong's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the perspective of Eco-translatology. She thought that combing this kind of text with the ecological translation can make the obscure text fully reveal the inner meaning. In the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', Xu Yuanchong fully grasped the translational ecological environment, and achieved the ecological balance based on the adaptation and selection to the translation environment.<br />
Some scholars made a comparative analysis of the two or more translations based on a certain theory. Chen Yang (2009) compared the three English versions of ''The Analects of Confucius'' with systematic functional linguistics and carried out functional discourse analysis, aiming to objectively evaluate the effect of the translation by comparing the functional parameters of the original text and the target text. The author believed that the theory of systemic functional linguistics can help to explain the choice of language in different versions of ''The Analects of Confucius'', and also provide a certain basis for the evaluation of translations.<br />
Li Gang, Li Jinshu (2013) chose the descriptive translation studies. Because every translation is a product of a specific historical and cultural context, this theory is helpful to better understand and explain the translation phenomenon. They selected many English versions, analyzed the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the context of Western centralism and cultural centralism respectively, and believed that the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' has realized a gradual process from seeking common to reserving differences.<br />
Huang Guowen, Chen Ying (2014) used the concept of variation in the framework of Systematic Functional Linguistics, focused on the issues of variation in language use and variation in translation, and made a comparative analysis of multiple English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius''. They believed that there are three types of variation in the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' variation in register, variation in textual structure, and variation in language choice.<br />
All the above essays used Western theories as guidance, while Yao Cuiping (2022) chose Lin Yutang's translation standard as the guidance, and compared the English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' by James Legge, Waley, and Gu Hongming. The paper analyzed the serious and common mistakes in the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and put forward some suggestions on how to modify them.<br />
====Studies from the Translator's Perspective====<br />
Since the 1970s, under the influence of the "cultural turn", the perspective and focus of the research of translation theory have shifted to the translator to varying degrees, and the translator's identity, status and role in translation activities have been rethought and repositioned, the translator's subjectivity has been gradually highlighting in the theoretical level. (Zhu Xianlong, Xie Baoxia 2006, 65) Therefore, when scholars study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', the analysis from the translator's perspective cannot be ignored. <br />
Throughout the history of Chinese and Western translation, translation activities have been dominated by specific translation theories in different periods, which have potentially restricted the translator's practice to varying degrees. Therefore, Zhu Xianlong, Xie Baoxia (2006) studied the transition process of the translator's identity in translation activities from the perspective of the historical evolution of translation theory, and analyzed the reasons for the change of the translator's identity from the philosophical level. Translation theory has realized the transformation from language to literature and then to culture, and the translator's identity has also changed from being lower than the author to being considered to play a decisive role in translation activities, and the importance of the translator has gradually manifested. <br />
Many scholars emphasized that translators hold a principal status. Based on Lefevere's theory of rewriting and Verschueren's theory of adaptation, Xu Jun, Xiao Haiyan (2018) analyzed the influence of ideology and poetics on Legge and Waley's translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and how translators make adaptive decisions in the manipulation of ideology and poetics, and concluded that the process of translation is the process in which the translator exerts his subjectivity under specific conditions of constraints, and the process in which the mainstream ideology and poetics interact with the translator's subjectivity. Therefore, he believed that the study of the English translation of classical works should not ignore the study of the translator's subjectivity.<br />
Yang Lin (2020) also emphasized the translator's subjectivity, but he focused on analyzing the different strategies adopted by Chinese and Western translators for different translation purposes. Gu Hongming tried to change the image of China in the minds of Westerners, so he adopted domestication in his translation, while Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont adopted foreignization.<br />
Zhang Xiaoman, Sun Xiaolu (2022) believed that there exists a cyclic transformational dialogue relationship between the author, translator and reader in Gu Hongming's English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', which makes the ideas of ''The Analects of Confucius'' give birth to the new quality of culture in the cyclic dialogue, thus driving the inheritance and transmission of culture.<br />
In terms of the application of the translator's subjectivity, there is one translator in the history of Chinese translation who has taken it to the extreme. With the aim of promoting Chinese culture, his translation plays an important role in the history of Chinese and foreign translation. He is Gu Hongming, a master of studies of Chinese ancient civilization. Gu Hongming was the first Chinese in the history of translating Confucian classics into English. On the basis of following the idea of the original work, Gu Hongming's translation reflects the translator's subjectivity in many places. Therefore, most scholars chose Gu Hongming's translation as the research object when studying the translator's subjectivity.<br />
====Studies on the Translation of Unique Cultural or Linguistic Phenomena====<br />
Because Chinese culture has a long historical background and unique cultural connotation, some unique cultural phenomena cannot be translated, which brings difficulties to the English translation of Chinese classics such as The Analects of Confucius.<br />
The core concept words in the book bear the most representative thoughts of Confucianism and have distinct cultural characteristics. Therefore, the translator often has difficulties in finding corresponding words in the target language, or these words have different meanings in the two cultures. The core concept words account for a large proportion of The Analects of Confucius, and whether the translation of these words is appropriate also determines the quality of the whole translation of the book to a large extent. So some scholars choose the translation of a certain core concept for research.<br />
"Junzi" is commonly used in ''The Analects of Confucius''. Since Western missionaries translated Confucian classics, this word has had many translated versions. Han Xing, Han Qiuyu (2016) analyzed and compared the similarities and differences of the concept of "Junzi" in the popular English translations of James Legge and Arthur Waley in combination with the moral and political implications of the concept itself in Confucian culture. The author believed that Legge's translation "the superior man" is more reasonable, because not only this translation has spread widely, but also Legge's grasp of the concept of "Junzi" is more accurate.<br />
"Ren" is the core of Confucius' thought, the highest morality in Confucius' ethical thought and the sum of all morals, and ''The Analects of Confucius'' has also endowed "Ren" with rich connotation. Different translators have different understandings and translations of "Ren", and the translation of it plays a very important role in the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', which should be paid attention to. Yang Ping (2008) summarized and analyzed various translations of "Ren", and argued that "Ren" is best translated by transliteration to preserve its spiritual essence and convey Confucius' ideas objectively.<br />
"Tian" is also a core idea in ''The Analects of Confucius''. Zhang Zheng, Hu Wenxiao (2015) analyzed "Tian" in ''The Analects of Confucius'', and summarized and compared different translations of it. The author believed that "heaven" and "god" not only cannot fully convey the connotation of "Tian", but also easily make readers associate with Western religions. Therefore, using transliteration to translate "Tian" is more concise and appropriate, and annotations and explanations can be added according to specific contexts.<br />
Guo Yuqing (2022) selected the translation of "Xiao" in ''The Analects of Confucius'' as the research object. The author used LancsBox, a new corpus analysis tool, compared the similarities and differences of the core concept "Xiao" between the two English translations by Gu Hongming and James Legge and analyzed the reasons for the differences.<br />
Deng Jie (2022) studied the two core concepts of "Li" and "Junzi" that frequently appear in ''The Analects of Confucius'', comparing and analyzing the translation methods of James Legge and Gu Hongming in accordance with their social and cultural background and translation motivation, and exploring the similarities and differences between the two translators in their understanding of Confucian thoughts. It can be seen that scholars advocate transliteration for the translation of core concepts. In this kind of study, the author often evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of each translation on the core concept in combination with his personal interpretation of traditional Confucian thought and put forward his own views, so this kind of study will evitably have the tendency of subjectivity.<br />
The indigenous concept refers to the unique concept or information that a language community has developed in the course of its history, culture, society and way of thinking. For translators, it is difficult to convey the indigenous concepts to the target language culture. Therefore, Li Guangwei, Ge Lingling (2018) studied the indigenous concepts in ''The Analects of Confucius''. According to Qi Yucun’s criteria of cultural classification, the paper divided the indigenous concepts into three categories: material culture, system and custom culture, and spiritual culture, and based on a parallel corpus, studied the English version of Gu Hongming. The author believed that translators should actively adapt to the different contexts of the target culture at the surface level, middle level and deep level and adopt corresponding translation strategies for different categories of indigenous concepts.<br />
Culture-loaded words are also a big difficulty in the translation. They are as closely related to culture as the indigenous concepts. Relying on the Chinese ideological and cultural terminology Library under the project of “Chinese ideological and cultural terminology communication project”, Yang Dan (2022) combed and summarized the culture-loaded words in ''The Analects of Confucius'' translated by Legge, Gu Hongming and Arthur Waley, and made a comparative study of different translations from three aspects: language, culture, and communication from the eco perspective. The author believed that when dealing with culture-loaded words, the translator should preserve the style and characteristics of the source language as much as possible, and take into account both the source language culture and the target language culture.<br />
Some scholars studied the translation of sentences. There are various types of topic sentences in ''The Analects of Confucius'', which are widely distributed. Wang Yong, Qin Si (2022) analyzed the distribution and characteristics of topic sentences in ''The Analects of Confucius'' and studied the translation strategies of topic sentences in the English translation by James Legge. Legge mainly adopted the translation strategy of domestication at the syntactic level, which conforms to the linguistic features of English.<br />
In addition to the above studies, Xue Bing, Xiang Mingyou (2020) also used DocuScope and relevant statistical tools to make inductive statistics and comparison of rhetorical features in the English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' by Legge and Waley, to analyze the difference in rhetorical effects of different translations. Digital research tools can enrich the existing English translation studies of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in research methods and research perspectives and provide new ideas for translation research.<br />
====Studies on the Problems in the Existing English Translations of ''The Analects of Confucius''====<br />
Some scholars studied the problems in the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. Misinterpretation of the original text is one of the most common problems in English translation.<br />
Under the guidance of the theory of the manipulation of ideology, Xu Jun (2010) took the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' by Arthur Waley as a case study, analyzed the misinterpretation and mistranslation in the translation of cultural classics, and pointed out that the misinterpretation and mistranslation are closely related to ideology.<br />
Liu Zhengguang, Chen Yi, Xu Haoqi (2016) also studied Authur Waley's English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', but their focus was on deviations in his translation. Based on the relevant principles of cognitive linguistics, the author analyzed various deviations in the translation process of Arthur Waley from the translator's individual cognitive style, discussed the influence of the translator's subjectivity on understanding the source language and translating from different dimensions and explained the deep cognitive causes of various deviations. Applying the relevant principles of cognitive linguistics to the analysis of "deviation" can, to some extent, trigger scholars to think deeply about "domestication" and "foreignization".<br />
The view of "Wen" and "Zhi" is an important part of Confucius' ethical thought, and ''The Analects of Confucius'' is the main carrier of it. When translating The Analects of Confucius, the translator inevitably misinterprets it, which will have a negative impact on cross-cultural communication.<br />
Fang Xing, Yang Yanyan (2019) believed that James Legge's, and Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont's translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' misinterpreted the view of "Wen" and "Zhi". Their paper analyzed the true essence of Confucius' view of "Wen" and "Zhi", explored the reasons for their misinterpretations of it and put forward some solutions. Their study is of great significance for revealing the true meaning of Confucius' ethical thought, correcting misinterpretation in translations, and promoting the dissemination of Confucius' classics.<br />
Liu Yuyu (2019) paid attention to the problem of Counter-west Centerlism, who believed that it is always a problem that cannot be wiped out. The author analyzed the translation of the keywords "Tian" and "Ren" in Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont's translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. Although the two translators adopt the translation strategy of foreignization, the "otherization" of Chinese culture is hidden behind it. The author believed that overemphasis on cultural differences can not effectively achieve the purpose of Counter-west Centerlism, and it is necessary to eliminate the bias of cultural relativism.<br />
====Studies on the dissemination of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West====<br />
The above essays are to study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from different perspectives based on different theories. In addition to studying the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the linguistic level, there are also studies on its translation and dissemination in the West from the macro level of culture. The translation, dissemination and research of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West can be traced back to the 16th century.<br />
The translation of Chinese classics is an important part of promoting the dissemination of Chinese culture in the world. The process of translation, dissemination, acceptance and study of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West is a microcosm of translation, dissemination, and acceptance of Chinese culture. Li Weirong, Liang Huina, Wu Suxin (2015) introduced three stages of translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West, including the beginning, the maturity and prosperity and expansion of the translation and research in the West, presenting the whole picture of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West.<br />
Wang Yan (2010) focused on the development of contemporary Western Sinology. The author believed that the contemporary English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' mainly appeared after the 1990s, which was influenced by the trend of contemporary Western Sinology research. This paper analyzed the development tendency of Sinology in the United States and the characteristics of the contemporary English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. The contemporary English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' not only enriches Sinology itself, but also promotes the dialogue and exchange between Western Sinology and Chinese academic circles.<br />
Western Sinology appeared in the late Ming and Qing dynasties while the missionaries went missionary works in China. Jiang Zh<br />
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=202270081681 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
==On the Dissemination and Translation of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe==<br />
<center>Zhang Yuyan 202270081681 </center><br />
<br />
===Abstract===<br />
This paper is on the dissemination and translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''( ''Ben Cao Gang Mu'') in Europe. In the wave of globalization, the earth is increasingly becoming a small village. Pandemics such as cholera, the black death, SARS and COVID-19 has made us realize that the promotion of human health depends on the combination of multiple medical systems. In this context, it is necessary to trace back the history of the translation and dissemination of traditional Chinese medicine books, which will undoubtedly further enhance their influence abroad and show the world the splendid traditional culture of China in a more comprehensive way.<br />
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The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was written by Li Shizhen,an outstanding medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty. He himself not only attached great importance to the achievements of previous medical works, inherited and carried forward former experience, but also had original research achievements. As one of the most comprehensive, abundant, and systematic books on traditional Chinese medicine in ancient China, the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has already had a history of over 400 years. It was at the end of the 17th century that it spread to Europe. In the 18th century, there were abridged and complete translations of French, English, German, Russian, and other languages. Later, it attracted in-depth research and received high praise from overseas scholars, and it has been a hot topic to this today.<br />
<br />
Taking the dissemination and translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe as the starting point, the paper will review, analyze, and summarize its major French and English versions from the 18th century to the 20th century. Besides, it briefly divides its dissemination history into three stages-from 17th to the 18th century, the 19th century, and the 20th to the 21st century(Fu Lu 2020), aiming to sort out the context and provide some historical references for medical exchanges in this era of globalization(Gao Xi 2015).<br />
<br />
===Key Words===<br />
the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''; translation;cultural dissemination; historical references<br />
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===《本草纲目》在欧洲的译介和传播===<br />
<center>张玉燕 202270081681 </center><br />
<br />
===摘要===<br />
在全球化的浪潮下，地球日益成为一个小小的村落。霍乱、黑死病、SARS、新冠等大流行的出现，使我们意识到人类健康需要依靠多种医学体系的相互交融和发展。在此背景下，回溯中医书籍翻译和传播的历史，无疑将进一步增强其在国外的影响力，更全面地向世界展示中华民族灿烂悠久的传统文化。<br />
<br />
《本草纲目》为明代杰出医药学家李时珍所著，他既高度重视历史医药著作的成果、继承发扬前人的医药经验，又有李时珍本人原创性的研究成就，《本草纲目》是我国古代著作中论述中药最全面、最丰富、最系统的典籍，成书已有400多年的历史，早在17世纪末就流传到欧洲，18世纪陆续出现了法、英、德、俄等语言的节选或完整译本。随后引起了海外学者的深入研究和高度评价，至今仍是热点。<br />
<br />
本文以《本草纲目》在欧洲的译介和传播为切入点，对其18世纪-20世纪的法文、英文译本进行回顾、分析和总结(付璐 2020），并将《本草纲目》在欧洲的传播史按时间跨度大致分为三个阶段：17-18世纪、19世纪、20世纪-21世纪，旨在梳理脉络，为当今全球化时代的医学交流提供某些历史借鉴(高晞 2015)。<br />
<br />
===关键词===<br />
《本草纲目》;译介;文化传播;历史借鉴<br />
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===Introduction===<br />
Li Shizhen was a famous medical scientist of the Ming Dynasty. After several years of medicine practice, he found that there were many mistakes in ancient Chinese herbal books and decided to recompile one. In the 31st year of Jiajing (1552), Li Shizhen began to compile the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', which was based on ''Classified Materia Medica'' . To ensure the accuracy of the information, he referred to more than 800 books, and investigated many places on the spot. Since the 44th year Jiajing(1565), Li Shizhen had been to Wudang Mountain, Lushan Mountain, Maoshan Mountain, Niushoushan Mountain, Hunan province, Hubei province, Jiangxi province and other places to collect drug samples and prescriptions, figuring out many difficult issues. After 27 years of unswerving efforts and three revisions,the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''， the giant work of 1.92 million words, was completed.<br />
<br />
What is the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''( ''Ben Cao Gang Mu'')? Chinese people seem to be familiar with "Ben Cao Gang Mu". However, once they are asked, few can explain them clearly. Since ancient times, there have been many drugs used to treat diseases, including plants, animals, and minerals,among which there is a big difference in quantity. Herb(cao), a plant, accounts for the largest proportion. Therefore, the ancients had been using the phrase "materia medica"(ben cao) to represent medicine. As for "compendium"(gang mu), the rope used by fishermen to pull up the fishing net is "gang", and the mesh on the fishing net is "mu".When the fishing net is opened, it is called "gang ju mu zhang", which is the original of the word "gang mu"(Wang Qiuling&Si Qintu 2022). When the concept of "compendium"(gang mu) is applied to book writing, it becomes a traditional form of Chinese chronicle compilation.<br />
<br />
The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' consists of 52 volumes, which is essentially a dictionary of ancient medicines（Huang Zhijie 2000）. Based on the theoretical content in the ''Shennong’s Herbal Classic''(Yang Shujia 2021),the first and second volumes are preface examples, in which the viewpoints of scholars from different eras and of Li Shizhen himself are added. It aims to understand the performance, usage principles, and methods of drugs in traditional Chinese medicine. In the third and fourth volumes, the drugs are classified according to their performance and indications, reflecting the spirit of syndrome differentiation and treatment. The remaining 48 volumes are all about drugs, totaling 1892 types.<br />
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===The Translation of Compendium of Materia Medica in Europe===<br />
English translation of traditional Chinese medicine plays an crucial role in the process of internationalization. Accurate translation can express the connotation of basic terminology, convey the medical principles and cultural characteristics, promote the concept of health preservation and prevention, and promote characteristic therapy of traditional Chinese medicine.<br />
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In this chapter, it will analyze the French and English versions of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in the 18th-21st century. In terms of this, the scholar Pan Jixing pointed out in the article ''Compendium of Materia Medica: The East and West''(1983) , ＂Jacques François Vandermonde's ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu'' , Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'' and the works of Bernard Emms Read have partially translated the content of Li Shizhen's ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. ＂As for the complete translation, we can miss the English version translated by Luo Xiwen in 2004.<br />
<br />
====Abridged Translations====<br />
=====Jacques François Vandermonde's ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu''=====<br />
Dr. Joseph Needham, a British biochemist and historian of science, recorded in the Science and Civilization in China (1954)," Jacques Francois Vandermonde, a French doctor, had been practicing medicine in Macao, China for over 10 years. In 1732, he accidentally got a book of ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. According to its recorded drugs, he collected over 80 kinds of mineral samples. Later, with the help of Chinese people, he explained the samples one by one according to the original description of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', and attached them with corresponding labels. He also wrote a manuscript titled ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu'' ,which can be seen as an abridged French translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''." <br />
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Written in French, this manuscript consists of one volume, with a total of 90 pages in the main text. Each paragraph is preceded by a serial number, and the corresponding Chinese name of the drug is written in the margin,such as "zao xin tu"(oven earth) ,"xiong huang"( red orpiment),"gan cao"( licorice). In this manuscript, he extracted and translated the names, origins, properties, five flavors,manufacturing methods, and efficacy of some mineral drugs from the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''.For example, when describing the origin,we have the expression "金牙生蜀郡 ， 如金色者良"(Li Shizhen 1593) in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' and " jinya stone is a golden stone produced in Sichuan "in ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu''. For another example, when talking about property, we have "出煅灶中，如尘紫色，轻者为佳，亦以磨莹铜器用之" (Li Shizhen 1593)in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' and " Iron powder is considered to be the red powder found in casting furnaces. The lightest is the best, and it is used for polishing copper ware "in Jacques Francois Vandermonde 's manuscript. As for manufacturing methods, we have "其法用白锡和银薄及水银合成之，凝硬如银，合炼有法"(Li Shizhen 1593) in Li Shizhen's book, and "This is a mixture made by melting an equal amount of silver and mercury" in the book of Jacques François Vandermonde...<br />
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Unfortunately, the specimens collected by Jacques Francois Vandermonde and his translations did not receive much attention at the time. It was until the year of 1839 that Edouard Constant Biot, a French sinologist, collaborated with friends to analyze those mineral specimens and made the results public. In 1896, with the help of Chinese people(Zhang Xiuping&Wang Xiaoming 1993), F.de Mely and M.H.Courel published the entire excerpt, bringing it back to light.Now, the manuscript has been preserved Museum national d'Histoire naturelle(Needham 1954).<br />
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Generally speaking, when selectively translating, Jacques Francois Vandermonde translated the properties first,and then the origins, production methods, and efficacy. In terms of the translation of mineral drugs, he mainly adopted free translation and translated corresponding elements.<br />
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=====Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise''=====<br />
During the same period, when Jacques Francois Vandermonde's manuscript was neglected, another abridged French translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''- ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', gained great fame.<br />
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Published in Paris and edited by Jean Baptiste Du Halde(Du Halde 1738), this book was co-authored by 27 missionaries in China(Fu Lu&Xiao Yongzhi 2019). It has four volumes, and is a comprehensive work which introduces China from various aspects, covering ancient Chinese politics, religion, etiquette, customs, geography, medicine,customs,flora and fauna,etc. In this book, it also contains some selected translations from the first part of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. In page 437, Volume 3 of ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', there is a volume named ''Excerpts from the Compendium of Materia Medica''- ''Chinese Herbology or Chinese natural history of Medicine'' (Du Halde 1738). It introduces that the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was compiled by Li Shizhen, a Chinese medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty, and explains the details of its publication. In addition, it also selectively translated some 16 kinds of drugs in the book. <br />
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Basically speaking, in terms of the translation of medicine names and prescriptions, Jean Baptiste Du Halde often adopted transliteration or literal translation. For example, he translated "人参'' into "JIN-SENG", "三七'' into"SAN-TSI'', "海马" into"Sea-Horse"（Du Halde 1738），复命汤"into"the medicine which restores lost life. At the same time, there are some mistakes in his translation because of cultural differences and conflicts.In terms of the translation of disease names and symptoms, free translation is often used. For example,"伤寒坏症"is translated into "For malignant fevers","怔忡自汗" into "For the palpitation of the heart, attended with sweating（Du Halde 1738）.<br />
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As the first French version of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' published in Europe, ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', enables European readers to have a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', which promotes European scholars' cognition of the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine, and was a landmark event for the spread of ''Compendium of Materia Medica''.<br />
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===== Bernard Emms Read's translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''=====<br />
Though Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'' has spread widely and gained a lot of fame, it only contains a small part of drug translation in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. Therefore, Bernard Emms Read along with many Chinese and foreign scholars from the Beijing Society of Museums compiled a series of works on the study and abridged translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' at the beginning of the 20th century((Wang Jiming 2011). In this series, there are 8 works, including one botanical medicine work, one mineral medicine work, and six animal medicine works. It also refers to 12 departments of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'',such as "Jinshi department","grass department","grain department","vegetable department","fruit department","wood department","insect department","poultry department","animal department","human department"...<br />
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As for the botanical medicine works, the book ''Chinese Medicinal Plants from the Pen Ts'ao Kang Mu'' ,which is co-authored by Bernard Emms Read and Liu Ruqiang, elaborates on more than 800 botanical medicines listed in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. It also covers the "grass department","grain department","vegetable department","fruit department" and "wood department"(from volume 12 to volume 37 of the original). ''A Compendium of Minerals and Stones Used in Chinese Medicine from the Pen T'sao Kang Mu'' is the mineral medicine work that is co-authored by Bernard Emms Read and C.Pek. It narrates the "Jinshi department (volume 8 to volume 11) in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'',carrying over a hundred types of mineral drugs. In terms of the animal drugs, there are 6 departments in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'',such as "insect department", "squamous department","poultry department"and "human department" .Bernard Emms Read translated it into 6 works for publication.<br />
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In fact,several research works and translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' written by Bernard Emms Read differ greatly in style. As for his translation, only the "name" can be translated from the research works of plant medicine, while the "bone" can be translated from the research works of mineral medicine. It was not until the translation of nimal medicine section that the "flesh" and "form" were truly translated.<br />
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=====The Boom of abridged translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''=====<br />
In the 18th century, the wave of "sinomania" rose in Europe. Once the French version ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'' was published,it attracted the attention of all walks of life and was translated into many languages successively. In 1735, the French edition was sold out.In 1736, its English version ''The General History of China'' was issued in London, which is called Ed. John Watts. From 1737 to 1741, there was Ed. E. Cave(Pan Jixin 1980)... With the translation and dissemination of the ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has been partially translated into French, English, German，Russian(Zhang Shengxin 2003)...<br />
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====The Complete Translations of Luo Xiwen's ''Compendium of Materia Medica''====<br />
At the beginning of the 21st century, the complete English translation ''Compendium of Materia Medica''(Luo Xiwen 2004),which is translated by Luo Xiwen and published in Foreign Language Press, became the first and only complete English translation at present. <br />
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The book totals more than 6 million words(Li Shizhne 1593).As for arrangement, the original work of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' contains 52 volumes The transaltion is faithful to it, and ends up with 6 books. In the first book,it translated volume 1 to volume 4 of the original, involving prefaces of Wang Shizhen, Xia Xin, Zhang Dingsi, Li Jianyuan, "preface examples" and "prescriptions for various diseases".The second book translated volume 5 to volume 14, which includes ''water department","fire department","earth department","Jinshi department",and section 1 to section 3 of "grass department". The third book translated volume 15 to volume 22, including section 4 to section 11 of the "grass department" and the first part of "grain department". While the fourth book recounts volume 23 to volume 34, and involves section 2 to section 4 of "grain department". The fifth book translated volume 35 to volume 46, and contains the second part to sixth part of "wood department" The last book narrates volume 47 to volume 52, including "poultry department","animal department"and "human department".<br />
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When it comes to the translation of each drug, it also follow the style of the original. Under specific drugs,their serial numbers are first listed,followed by their "Chinese Pinyin/Latin/English names, explanation of names, previous explanations, preparations, quality and taste, indications, explication and prescriptions. He uses Chinese Pinyin instead of Western Pinyin to promote Chinese culture.For some drugs, drug diagrams are attached in the text. Different from other translators, Luo Xiwen completely follows the style and content of the original from the beginning to the end. In terms of the attached table, Luo Wenxi's version contains a comparison table between the Chinese dynasties and AD era and is accompanied by various Chinese, English, and Latin indexes for readers to search for drugs.<br />
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In short, several French and English translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' from the 18th century to the present have been introduced. Regardless of their quality, they have played a certain role in promoting the dissemination of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe. As for its dissemination, we will discuss it in detail in the next chapter.<br />
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===The Dissemination of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe===<br />
Since the 17th century, the dissemination of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has never stopped. In this chapter, it roughly divides it into three stages: from the 17th to 18th century, the 19th century, and from the 20th to 21st century. <br />
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====Introduction and translation period (17th-18thcentury)====<br />
The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was written at the end of the 16th century. Now, it is uncertain when and by whom it was first transmitted to Europe.However, according to scholar Chen Hengxin's ''A Study on the Collection of Chinese Books in the French National Library'',when Jiachim Bouvet returned to France, he presented Louis XIV 49 Chinese books of 22 kinds, among which there was a set of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' hardbound in yellow silk. That is to say, just a century after the completion of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', it had already set foot on the land of Europe and entered the Royal Library of France. In the 18th century, several abridged translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' emerged in Europe,such as Jacques François Vandermonde's ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu'', Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'',etc.<br />
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====Research and evaluation period (19th century)====<br />
From the 17th to 18th centuries, European readers' acceptance of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' remained at the level of collection, introduction, and translation. In the 19th century, as botanist, chemists, naturalists, zoologists, pharmacologists and other scholars joined the reader group of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', the research on this book and Chinese medicine was also gradually carried out, including the drawing of drug maps, the collection and analysis of drug specimens, and the interpretation and evaluation of the drugs contained in the book from the perspective of chemistry and pharmacology in Europe at that time. The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has gained a wider audience in Europe.<br />
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====Cultural impression construction period (20-21st century)====<br />
In the 20th to 21st century, the dissemination and reception methods became increasingly widespread, and this book was also exhibited through museums and international academic conferences.Through various channels such as discussions and documentaries, the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was disseminated to various countries. During this period, there are versions of Bernard Emms Read, Luo Xiwen...And the research on the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' by European scholars in modern times has shown a diversified trend.<br />
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===Conclusion===<br />
The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has been published for over 4 centuries. Over the long years, this great work has not been submerged. On the contrary, it has become even more brilliant under the polishing of time. It is a classic and precious work in traditional Chinese medicine culture, and also a pioneering work for traditional Chinese medicine culture to go abroad and spread overseas（Zhang Yan&Yin Na 2022）. Since the late 17th century, it has been introduced to various countries in Europe and America, and related translations and research have emerged accordingly. The translation and dissemination of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' not only demonstrate the strong vitality of traditional Chinese medicine, but also provide some inspiration and reference for modern medicine, promoting mutual exchange and cooperation between Eastern and Western medical cultures(Liu Runlan 2014). On the other hand, it greatly demonstrates the charm of traditional Chinese medicine culture as an important component of Chinese traditional culture, and also provides inspiration and reference for the translation and dissemination of Chinese cultural classics.<br />
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===References===<br />
[1] Du Halde杜赫德． ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise''《中华帝国全志》［M］． London 伦敦: E Cave 凯夫，1738．<br />
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[2] Needham，J李约瑟． ''Science and Civilisation in China''《中国科学技术史》［M］．Cambridge 剑桥: Cambridge University Press 剑桥大学出版社，1954．<br />
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[3]李时珍Li Shizhen ．《本草纲目》''Compendium of Materia Medica''［M］． 罗希文译Translated by Luo Xiwen． 北京 Beijing: 外文出版社Foreign Language Press，2004．<br />
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[4]李时珍 Li Shizhen.《本草纲目》''Compendium of Materia Medica''［M].明万历二十一年癸已In the 21st year of the Ming Wanli reign (1593)金陵胡承龙刻本Jinling Hu Chenglong Inscription．<br />
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[5] 张秀平Zhang Xiuping，王晓明Wang Xiaoming． 影响中国的 100 本书100 ''Books that Have Influnenced China''［M].南宁Nanning: 广西人民出版社Guangxi People's Publishing House，1993．<br />
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[6] 张焱Zhang Yan,尹娜Yin Na.《本草纲目》在欧美的译介与传播''Translation and Communications of Materia Medica in Europe and America'' [J].华北理工大学学报(社会科学版) Journal of North China University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition),2022,22(05):126-133. <br />
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[7] 潘吉星Pan Jixing．《本草纲目》之东被及西渐''Compendium of Materia Medica: The East and West''［J］． 中国药学杂志Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal，1983( 10) : 11－18．<br />
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[8] 付璐Fu Lu．《本草纲目》在欧洲的流传研究''The Transmission of BengCaoGangMu in Europe'' [D]．北京Beijing：中国中医科学院China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences，2020．<br />
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[9] 付璐Fu Lu．浅谈《中华帝国全志》对《本草纲目》的翻译与传播''On the Translation and Dissemination of Compendium of Materia Medica by The General History of China''［J］．中医杂志Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine，2019,60（15）:1265-1276.<br />
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[10] 潘吉星Pan Jixing．关于李时珍《本草纲目》外文译文的几个问题''Several Questions about the Foreign Translation of Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica''［J］．中医杂志Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,1980(3):62-66.<br />
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[11] 高晞Gao Xi．十五世纪以来中医在西方的传播与研究''The Spread and Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the West since the 15th Century''［J］．中医药文化Chinese Medical Culture，2015（6）:15-24.<br />
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[12]刘润兰Liu Runlan.《本草纲目》在海外的传播与影响''The Spread and Influence of Compendium of Materia Medica Overseas'' [J].世界中西医结合杂志World Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine,2014,9(01):89-90.<br />
[13]王秋玲Wang Qiuling,斯琴图Si Qintu.什么是“本草纲目”? ''What is "Compendium of Materia Medica"?'' [J]. 少儿国学.Children's Traditional Chinese Studies,2022(03):38-39.<br />
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[14]杨舒佳Yang Shujia. 《神农本草经》训诂史研究''A study on the History of Exegesis in Shennong’s Herbal Classic'' [D].北京中医药大学Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,2021.<br />
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[15]张晟星Zhang Shengxing.《本草纲目》的翻译与传播''Translation and Dissemination of Compendium of Materia Medica'' [J].上海科技翻译Shanghai Journal of Translators for Science and Technology,2003(01):55.<br />
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[16]黄志杰Huang Zhijie.《本草纲目》导读''Introduction to Compendium of Materia Medica'' [J].中医函授通讯Bulletin of Traditional Chinese Medicine Correspondence,2000(03):4-6.<br />
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[17]王吉民Wang Jimin． 祖国医药文化流传海外考''A Textual Research on the Spread of Chinese Medical Culture Overseas'' [M].广州Guangzhou: 广东人民出版社Guangdong People's Publishing House，2011．</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20230630_final_exam_03&diff=15576720230630 final exam 032023-06-11T08:10:27Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 202270081667 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 英语笔译(English translation) */</p>
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<div>=202270081667 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
==Systematic Literature Review of the English Translation of ''The Analects''==<br />
<center>谢佳玉，202270081667</center><br />
===Abstract===<br />
''The Analects of Confucius'' is a classic work of Chinese Confucianism and one of the most authoritative books in Chinese history. It plays an important role in the history of Sino-Western cultural exchange. The English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' has always been a hot topic for study. The author selects 32 articles, including all essays in the last five years and the most cited in the past, and divides them into five aspects: the analysis and comparison of translations, the translator's perspective, the translation of unique cultural or linguistic phenomena, the problems in the existing English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and the dissemination of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West. This paper is a literature review of the achievements made by scholars in this field, which also points out the deficiencies, so as to promote the development of translation of Confucian classics and related studies.<br />
===Key Words===<br />
''The Analects of Confucius'', English translation, Literature review<br />
===《论语》英译研究文献综述===<br />
===摘要===<br />
===关键词===<br />
= = = Introduction = = =<br />
''The Analects of Confucius'' (Lun Yu) is one of the most important works of Confucianism, which records the remarks of Confucius and his disciples. It occupies a very important position in the history of Chinese literature and ideology. It not only has a profound influence in China, but also is one of the earliest works translated into English and spread in the West in ancient Chinese classics, and is also one of the most translated and interpreted Chinese classics.<br />
The translation of traditional Chinese classics, especially the Confucian classics, was accomplished by the cultural exchanges between China and the West since the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. ''The Analects of Confucius'' was first translated into the Western language at the end of the 16th century. A Latin translation of the Four Books by Western missionaries led by Matteo Ricci was published in 1594. The first English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' can be found in ''The Work of Confucius'' by Joshua Marshman, a missionary, but it is just an abridged translation and is not complete. It was not until 1861 that the first widely influential translation was published, which was ''Confucian Analects'' written by Lames Legge, a British missionary and Sinologist. Since then, English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' have been published, and Western countries have had a rudimentary understanding of Chinese culture. Gu Hongming's English version, which was published in 1898, also has a profound impact. In addition, Arthur Waley and D. C. Lau, a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and others also provide excellent translations. Up to now, there have been more than 40 English translations of The Analects of Confucius, each of which has its own characteristics with different translation methods and different styles. With so many English translations, the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' has naturally become a hot spot of research.<br />
The earliest essay about the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' was published in 1996 in CNKI. Until now, the study of English translation has gone for more than 20 years. In order to understand the achievements and current situation of the research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', the author collates and analyzes the articles about it in the past five years, providing references for further research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''.<br />
===Literature Review of the English Translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''===<br />
The author classifies and makes statistics on the studies of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. The essays come from China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Google Scholar. The author used the keyword "English translation of The Analects" to search on CNKI, there are a total of 121 academic dissertations and 331 journal papers, of which, from 2018 to 2023, there are 27 academic dissertations and 81 journal papers, 19 of which are published in core journals. In the past five years, the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in foreign countries is much less than that in China. The author searched on Google Scholar and only got a few essays, all written by Chinese scholars.<br />
On the basis of the searched essays, the author selected the papers published in domestic core journals in the past five years, the 13 most cited essays in the past, and the 5 English essays searched on Google Scholar. After further screening of these essays, 32 eligible essays were finally selected for research. This paper analyzes the achievements of domestic scholars the existing problems and the future development direction in this field.<br />
According to research, in general, the research of Chinese scholars on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' mainly focuses on the following aspects: the analysis and comparison of translations, the translator's perspective, the translation of unique cultural or linguistic phenomena, the problems in the existing English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and the dissemination of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West.<br />
====The Analysis and Comparison of Translations====<br />
The analysis of translation is an important method to study translation practice. Therefore, there are many essays studying from this perspective. Scholars mainly study translations from three aspects: the study of one translation, the study of two or more translations, and the study of single or multiple translations based on theory.<br />
The study of one translation is mainly focused on the comparison and analysis between the translation and the original. Zhang Defu (2021) analyzed Ni Peimin's distinctive English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. He explored the gongfu orientation and its application of it in Ni's translation and revealed that the gongfu orientation is an effective way to understand the core concepts of Confucianism and interpret the original text of ''The Analects of Confucius'', which has reference significance for inheriting and carrying forward the essence of the thought of Confucian classics and even traditional Chinese cultural classics. The study of one translation can make people more thoroughly understand the characteristics of the translation, and more comprehensively and profoundly understand it.<br />
The study of two or more translations is mainly a comparative study of different translations. The comparative analysis of different versions is a common topic in the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. Huang Guowen (2012) made a comparative analysis of different English versions of ''The Analects of Confucius'', and mainly discussed the process of translation of classic books, showing that the translation of classic books like ''The Analects of Confucius'' usually goes through two stages of "intralingual translation" and "interlingual translation" based on cases. When translating classic books into modern English, translators should first translate the source text written in classical Chinese into modern Chinese, and then translate it into modern English. This conclusion has enlightening significance for the translation of classical books and research of it.<br />
Many scholars analyze one or multiple translations based on a certain theory. This kind of essay accounts for the highest proportion, which shows that it is a relatively popular form of study.<br />
Meng Jian, Qu Tao, Xia Yang (2012) analyzed the translation characteristics of Gu Hongming's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the perspective of adaptation theory and studied how to achieve maximum equivalence in cross-cultural translation under the influence of different cultural contexts. They believed that in translation, the translator should make dynamic adaptations according to different contexts and overcome the influence of different cultural contexts, then conveying the cultural connotation of the original as much as possible.<br />
Zhang Xiaoman, Liu Yuyang (2018) analyzed Liu Dianjue's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' based on the theory of translation norms. The theory of translation introduces cultural memes into translation, involving many disciplines such as philosophy, linguistics and sociology. Based on this theory, the author analyzed the translation norms behind the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', and believed that the translation is consistent with the expectancy norms and professional norms. They concluded that translation should satisfy the expectations of target language readers and the transplanting of cultural content needs to arouse the spiritual resonance of target language readers.<br />
Zhou Qian (2023) studied Xu Yuanchong's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the perspective of Eco-translatology. She thought that combing this kind of text with the ecological translation can make the obscure text fully reveal the inner meaning. In the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', Xu Yuanchong fully grasped the translational ecological environment, and achieved the ecological balance based on the adaptation and selection to the translation environment.<br />
Some scholars made a comparative analysis of the two or more translations based on a certain theory. Chen Yang (2009) compared the three English versions of ''The Analects of Confucius'' with systematic functional linguistics and carried out functional discourse analysis, aiming to objectively evaluate the effect of the translation by comparing the functional parameters of the original text and the target text. The author believed that the theory of systemic functional linguistics can help to explain the choice of language in different versions of ''The Analects of Confucius'', and also provide a certain basis for the evaluation of translations.<br />
Li Gang, Li Jinshu (2013) chose the descriptive translation studies. Because every translation is a product of a specific historical and cultural context, this theory is helpful to better understand and explain the translation phenomenon. They selected many English versions, analyzed the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the context of Western centralism and cultural centralism respectively, and believed that the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' has realized a gradual process from seeking common to reserving differences.<br />
Huang Guowen, Chen Ying (2014) used the concept of variation in the framework of Systematic Functional Linguistics, focused on the issues of variation in language use and variation in translation, and made a comparative analysis of multiple English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius''. They believed that there are three types of variation in the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' variation in register, variation in textual structure, and variation in language choice.<br />
All the above essays used Western theories as guidance, while Yao Cuiping (2022) chose Lin Yutang's translation standard as the guidance, and compared the English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' by James Legge, Waley, and Gu Hongming. The paper analyzed the serious and common mistakes in the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and put forward some suggestions on how to modify them.<br />
====Studies from the Translator's Perspective====<br />
Since the 1970s, under the influence of the "cultural turn", the perspective and focus of the research of translation theory have shifted to the translator to varying degrees, and the translator's identity, status and role in translation activities have been rethought and repositioned, the translator's subjectivity has been gradually highlighting in the theoretical level. (Zhu Xianlong, Xie Baoxia 2006, 65) Therefore, when scholars study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', the analysis from the translator's perspective cannot be ignored. <br />
Throughout the history of Chinese and Western translation, translation activities have been dominated by specific translation theories in different periods, which have potentially restricted the translator's practice to varying degrees. Therefore, Zhu Xianlong, Xie Baoxia (2006) studied the transition process of the translator's identity in translation activities from the perspective of the historical evolution of translation theory, and analyzed the reasons for the change of the translator's identity from the philosophical level. Translation theory has realized the transformation from language to literature and then to culture, and the translator's identity has also changed from being lower than the author to being considered to play a decisive role in translation activities, and the importance of the translator has gradually manifested. <br />
Many scholars emphasized that translators hold a principal status. Based on Lefevere's theory of rewriting and Verschueren's theory of adaptation, Xu Jun, Xiao Haiyan (2018) analyzed the influence of ideology and poetics on Legge and Waley's translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and how translators make adaptive decisions in the manipulation of ideology and poetics, and concluded that the process of translation is the process in which the translator exerts his subjectivity under specific conditions of constraints, and the process in which the mainstream ideology and poetics interact with the translator's subjectivity. Therefore, he believed that the study of the English translation of classical works should not ignore the study of the translator's subjectivity.<br />
Yang Lin (2020) also emphasized the translator's subjectivity, but he focused on analyzing the different strategies adopted by Chinese and Western translators for different translation purposes. Gu Hongming tried to change the image of China in the minds of Westerners, so he adopted domestication in his translation, while Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont adopted foreignization.<br />
Zhang Xiaoman, Sun Xiaolu (2022) believed that there exists a cyclic transformational dialogue relationship between the author, translator and reader in Gu Hongming's English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', which makes the ideas of ''The Analects of Confucius'' give birth to the new quality of culture in the cyclic dialogue, thus driving the inheritance and transmission of culture.<br />
In terms of the application of the translator's subjectivity, there is one translator in the history of Chinese translation who has taken it to the extreme. With the aim of promoting Chinese culture, his translation plays an important role in the history of Chinese and foreign translation. He is Gu Hongming, a master of studies of Chinese ancient civilization. Gu Hongming was the first Chinese in the history of translating Confucian classics into English. On the basis of following the idea of the original work, Gu Hongming's translation reflects the translator's subjectivity in many places. Therefore, most scholars chose Gu Hongming's translation as the research object when studying the translator's subjectivity.<br />
====Studies on the Translation of Unique Cultural or Linguistic Phenomena====<br />
Because Chinese culture has a long historical background and unique cultural connotation, some unique cultural phenomena cannot be translated, which brings difficulties to the English translation of Chinese classics such as The Analects of Confucius.<br />
The core concept words in the book bear the most representative thoughts of Confucianism and have distinct cultural characteristics. Therefore, the translator often has difficulties in finding corresponding words in the target language, or these words have different meanings in the two cultures. The core concept words account for a large proportion of The Analects of Confucius, and whether the translation of these words is appropriate also determines the quality of the whole translation of the book to a large extent. So some scholars choose the translation of a certain core concept for research.<br />
"Junzi" is commonly used in ''The Analects of Confucius''. Since Western missionaries translated Confucian classics, this word has had many translated versions. Han Xing, Han Qiuyu (2016) analyzed and compared the similarities and differences of the concept of "Junzi" in the popular English translations of James Legge and Arthur Waley in combination with the moral and political implications of the concept itself in Confucian culture. The author believed that Legge's translation "the superior man" is more reasonable, because not only this translation has spread widely, but also Legge's grasp of the concept of "Junzi" is more accurate.<br />
"Ren" is the core of Confucius' thought, the highest morality in Confucius' ethical thought and the sum of all morals, and ''The Analects of Confucius'' has also endowed "Ren" with rich connotation. Different translators have different understandings and translations of "Ren", and the translation of it plays a very important role in the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', which should be paid attention to. Yang Ping (2008) summarized and analyzed various translations of "Ren", and argued that "Ren" is best translated by transliteration to preserve its spiritual essence and convey Confucius' ideas objectively.<br />
"Tian" is also a core idea in ''The Analects of Confucius''. Zhang Zheng, Hu Wenxiao (2015) analyzed "Tian" in ''The Analects of Confucius'', and summarized and compared different translations of it. The author believed that "heaven" and "god" not only cannot fully convey the connotation of "Tian", but also easily make readers associate with Western religions. Therefore, using transliteration to translate "Tian" is more concise and appropriate, and annotations and explanations can be added according to specific contexts.<br />
Guo Yuqing (2022) selected the translation of "Xiao" in ''The Analects of Confucius'' as the research object. The author used LancsBox, a new corpus analysis tool, compared the similarities and differences of the core concept "Xiao" between the two English translations by Gu Hongming and James Legge and analyzed the reasons for the differences.<br />
Deng Jie (2022) studied the two core concepts of "Li" and "Junzi" that frequently appear in ''The Analects of Confucius'', comparing and analyzing the translation methods of James Legge and Gu Hongming in accordance with their social and cultural background and translation motivation, and exploring the similarities and differences between the two translators in their understanding of Confucian thoughts. It can be seen that scholars advocate transliteration for the translation of core concepts. In this kind of study, the author often evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of each translation on the core concept in combination with his personal interpretation of traditional Confucian thought and put forward his own views, so this kind of study will evitably have the tendency of subjectivity.<br />
The indigenous concept refers to the unique concept or information that a language community has developed in the course of its history, culture, society and way of thinking. For translators, it is difficult to convey the indigenous concepts to the target language culture. Therefore, Li Guangwei, Ge Lingling (2018) studied the indigenous concepts in ''The Analects of Confucius''. According to Qi Yucun’s criteria of cultural classification, the paper divided the indigenous concepts into three categories: material culture, system and custom culture, and spiritual culture, and based on a parallel corpus, studied the English version of Gu Hongming. The author believed that translators should actively adapt to the different contexts of the target culture at the surface level, middle level and deep level and adopt corresponding translation strategies for different categories of indigenous concepts.<br />
Culture-loaded words are also a big difficulty in the translation. They are as closely related to culture as the indigenous concepts. Relying on the Chinese ideological and cultural terminology Library under the project of “Chinese ideological and cultural terminology communication project”, Yang Dan (2022) combed and summarized the culture-loaded words in ''The Analects of Confucius'' translated by Legge, Gu Hongming and Arthur Waley, and made a comparative study of different translations from three aspects: language, culture, and communication from the eco perspective. The author believed that when dealing with culture-loaded words, the translator should preserve the style and characteristics of the source language as much as possible, and take into account both the source language culture and the target language culture.<br />
Some scholars studied the translation of sentences. There are various types of topic sentences in ''The Analects of Confucius'', which are widely distributed. Wang Yong, Qin Si (2022) analyzed the distribution and characteristics of topic sentences in ''The Analects of Confucius'' and studied the translation strategies of topic sentences in the English translation by James Legge. Legge mainly adopted the translation strategy of domestication at the syntactic level, which conforms to the linguistic features of English.<br />
In addition to the above studies, Xue Bing, Xiang Mingyou (2020) also used DocuScope and relevant statistical tools to make inductive statistics and comparison of rhetorical features in the English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' by Legge and Waley, to analyze the difference in rhetorical effects of different translations. Digital research tools can enrich the existing English translation studies of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in research methods and research perspectives and provide new ideas for translation research.<br />
====Studies on the Problems in the Existing English Translations of ''The Analects of Confucius''====<br />
Some scholars studied the problems in the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. Misinterpretation of the original text is one of the most common problems in English translation.<br />
Under the guidance of the theory of the manipulation of ideology, Xu Jun (2010) took the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' by Arthur Waley as a case study, analyzed the misinterpretation and mistranslation in the translation of cultural classics, and pointed out that the misinterpretation and mistranslation are closely related to ideology.<br />
Liu Zhengguang, Chen Yi, Xu Haoqi (2016) also studied Authur Waley's English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', but their focus was on deviations in his translation. Based on the relevant principles of cognitive linguistics, the author analyzed various deviations in the translation process of Arthur Waley from the translator's individual cognitive style, discussed the influence of the translator's subjectivity on understanding the source language and translating from different dimensions and explained the deep cognitive causes of various deviations. Applying the relevant principles of cognitive linguistics to the analysis of "deviation" can, to some extent, trigger scholars to think deeply about "domestication" and "foreignization".<br />
The view of "Wen" and "Zhi" is an important part of Confucius' ethical thought, and ''The Analects of Confucius'' is the main carrier of it. When translating The Analects of Confucius, the translator inevitably misinterprets it, which will have a negative impact on cross-cultural communication.<br />
Fang Xing, Yang Yanyan (2019) believed that James Legge's, and Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont's translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'' misinterpreted the view of "Wen" and "Zhi". Their paper analyzed the true essence of Confucius' view of "Wen" and "Zhi", explored the reasons for their misinterpretations of it and put forward some solutions. Their study is of great significance for revealing the true meaning of Confucius' ethical thought, correcting misinterpretation in translations, and promoting the dissemination of Confucius' classics.<br />
Liu Yuyu (2019) paid attention to the problem of Counter-west Centerlism, who believed that it is always a problem that cannot be wiped out. The author analyzed the translation of the keywords "Tian" and "Ren" in Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont's translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. Although the two translators adopt the translation strategy of foreignization, the "otherization" of Chinese culture is hidden behind it. The author believed that overemphasis on cultural differences can not effectively achieve the purpose of Counter-west Centerlism, and it is necessary to eliminate the bias of cultural relativism.<br />
====Studies on the dissemination of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West====<br />
The above essays are to study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from different perspectives based on different theories. In addition to studying the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the linguistic level, there are also studies on its translation and dissemination in the West from the macro level of culture. The translation, dissemination and research of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West can be traced back to the 16th century.<br />
The translation of Chinese classics is an important part of promoting the dissemination of Chinese culture in the world. The process of translation, dissemination, acceptance and study of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West is a microcosm of translation, dissemination, and acceptance of Chinese culture. Li Weirong, Liang Huina, Wu Suxin (2015) introduced three stages of translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West, including the beginning, the maturity and prosperity and expansion of the translation and research in the West, presenting the whole picture of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the West.<br />
Wang Yan (2010) focused on the development of contemporary Western Sinology. The author believed that the contemporary English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' mainly appeared after the 1990s, which was influenced by the trend of contemporary Western Sinology research. This paper analyzed the development tendency of Sinology in the United States and the characteristics of the contemporary English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. The contemporary English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' not only enriches Sinology itself, but also promotes the dialogue and exchange between Western Sinology and Chinese academic circles.<br />
Western Sinology appeared in the late Ming and Qing dynasties while the missionaries went missionary works in China. Jiang Zhe (2019) believed that there is a two-way communication between Western Sinology and Chinese Confucianism. The author discussed the English translations and interpretations of “Xin Jin Yu Yi, Yan Ke Fu YE” in Liu Dianjue's English version of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and argued that they fully embody the two-way communication between Western Sinology and Chinese Confucianism. <br />
Gu Huijuan (2019) studied the international communication of ''The Analects of Confucius'' from the perspective of the publication of English translation. The paper introduced the translation and publication history of The Analects of Confucius, compared several representative versions, summed up the historical experience from the international communication of Chinese traditional culture, and explored the means of Chinese culture "going out". The author believed that the publication of translation should truly "enter" or integrate into the cultural system of the target language in order to better disseminate Chinese culture around the world.<br />
Zhang Xiaoxue (2019) collected statistics on the number of citations of English versions of The Analects of Confucius in Google Scholar to understand the influence of these translations, and discussed the influence of the factors of the translator, environment, translation, reader and feedback on the effect of reception of the translation in the process of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. This paper revealed the means to achieve success in the translation of classical works and provided a reference for promoting the dissemination of traditional Chinese culture to the world.<br />
Qin Hongwu, Kong Lei, Xu Xin (2020) also studied from the perspective of the reception of the readers. The paper compared and analyzed the translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' and the non-translational Confucian texts for communication, and observed the possible factor influencing the effect of communication of the translations of ''The Analects of Confucius''.<br />
Liu Hongwei, Wang Xiangling (2020) combined the advantages of other classical communication models, established a new equal intercommunication model of translation and dissemination of traditional Chinese cultural classics, and propose some application principles to promote the dissemination of traditional Chinese culture, which has a certain use for reference in translations and research of Chinese literature.<br />
Han Fule, Liu Yan (2020) expounded on the dissemination and translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the UK from four periods, and considered ways to effectively disseminate Chinese ideology and culture, which provides reference and guidance for the effective dissemination of Chinese ideology and culture.<br />
===Deficiencies and Reflections on the Study of the English Translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''===<br />
Through the overview of the research results of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the past five years, it can be seen that with the continuous deepening of the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', the perspective of the study is no longer single, not only from the aspects of language, but also from different perspectives such as philosophy, history and culture. With the development of science and technology, more and more scholars use technical tools to study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'', such as corpus. Corpus-based translation studies can provide guidance for English translation in terms of vocabulary, translation standards and principles. In addition, the selection of English translations is no longer limited to the most classic translations, and the objects of study are more diverse. Although the study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' is becoming more and more mature with continuous study, there are still some areas to be improved.<br />
Firstly, although the perspective of the study is more abundant, the study on the cultural level is still relatively absent. Even though some scholars pay attention to the cultural level and conduct research on it, they pay more attention to the differences in ideology, and few scholars conduct systematic research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the aspects of philosophy and politics. As a Chinese classic, it was formed with a certain historical and cultural background, so the study of the English translation of it can also be explored from the aspects of history and philosophy.<br />
Secondly, up to now, there have been more than 40 full English translations of ''The Analects of Confucius'', providing a large number of objects for studies. However, most researchers chose the translations of James Legge, Gu Hongming, and Waley, and ignored other translations. Therefore, to study the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the future, the first thing to do is to have a detailed and overall grasp of the previous studies, so as to avoid repeated studies, which will reduce the research value. At the same time, for different translations, most researchers only analyzed their differences, and did not summarize the general characteristics and influencing factors of translations in a certain period.<br />
Thirdly, in terms of combining theories, scholars have chosen many different translation theories to study, but many studies are limited to superficial phenomena without further exploration.<br />
===Conclusion===<br />
As one of the classics of Confucianism, ''The Analects of Confucius'' has exerted a profound influence on the thought and culture of the Chinese nation and has many English translations. Therefore, the study of the English translation of The Analects of Confucius should become the focus of attention. The study of the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' is different from the general translation studies. It also undertakes the task of the communication of Chinese traditional culture to the outside world. The purpose of it is to improve the level of the English translation of Chinese classics and better promote the spread of Chinese traditional culture in the world. As one of the research hotspots, great achievements have been made in the study of the English translation of The Analects of Confucius. The research contents are increasingly enriched and refined, and the research perspectives are increasingly diversified. However, there is still room for improvement, and it is hoped that this paper can provide a reference for the English translation and research of The Analects of Confucius and even all classical works.<br />
This paper summarizes the essays on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius'' in the past five years, but does not study the foreign studies on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''. There are many foreign essays on ''The Analects of Confucius'', but there are few essays specifically on it, so this paper does not involve the current situation of foreign research, and the review is not very comprehensive. In the future, the author hopes to make a more comprehensive analysis of this field in combination with foreign research on the English translation of ''The Analects of Confucius''.<br />
===References===<br />
<br />
=202270081681 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
==On the Dissemination and Translation of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe==<br />
<center>Zhang Yuyan 202270081681 </center><br />
<br />
===Abstract===<br />
This paper is on the dissemination and translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''( ''Ben Cao Gang Mu'') in Europe. In the wave of globalization, the earth is increasingly becoming a small village. Pandemics such as cholera, the black death, SARS and COVID-19 has made us realize that the promotion of human health depends on the combination of multiple medical systems. In this context, it is necessary to trace back the history of the translation and dissemination of traditional Chinese medicine books, which will undoubtedly further enhance their influence abroad and show the world the splendid traditional culture of China in a more comprehensive way.<br />
<br />
The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was written by Li Shizhen,an outstanding medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty. He himself not only attached great importance to the achievements of previous medical works, inherited and carried forward former experience, but also had original research achievements. As one of the most comprehensive, abundant, and systematic books on traditional Chinese medicine in ancient China, the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has already had a history of over 400 years. It was at the end of the 17th century that it spread to Europe. In the 18th century, there were abridged and complete translations of French, English, German, Russian, and other languages. Later, it attracted in-depth research and received high praise from overseas scholars, and it has been a hot topic to this today.<br />
<br />
Taking the dissemination and translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe as the starting point, the paper will review, analyze, and summarize its major French and English versions from the 18th century to the 20th century. Besides, it briefly divides its dissemination history into three stages-from 17th to the 18th century, the 19th century, and the 20th to the 21st century(Fu Lu 2020), aiming to sort out the context and provide some historical references for medical exchanges in this era of globalization(Gao Xi 2015).<br />
<br />
===Key Words===<br />
the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''; translation;cultural dissemination; historical references<br />
<br />
===《本草纲目》在欧洲的译介和传播===<br />
<center>张玉燕 202270081681 </center><br />
<br />
===摘要===<br />
在全球化的浪潮下，地球日益成为一个小小的村落。霍乱、黑死病、SARS、新冠等大流行的出现，使我们意识到人类健康需要依靠多种医学体系的相互交融和发展。在此背景下，回溯中医书籍翻译和传播的历史，无疑将进一步增强其在国外的影响力，更全面地向世界展示中华民族灿烂悠久的传统文化。<br />
<br />
《本草纲目》为明代杰出医药学家李时珍所著，他既高度重视历史医药著作的成果、继承发扬前人的医药经验，又有李时珍本人原创性的研究成就，《本草纲目》是我国古代著作中论述中药最全面、最丰富、最系统的典籍，成书已有400多年的历史，早在17世纪末就流传到欧洲，18世纪陆续出现了法、英、德、俄等语言的节选或完整译本。随后引起了海外学者的深入研究和高度评价，至今仍是热点。<br />
<br />
本文以《本草纲目》在欧洲的译介和传播为切入点，对其18世纪-20世纪的法文、英文译本进行回顾、分析和总结(付璐 2020），并将《本草纲目》在欧洲的传播史按时间跨度大致分为三个阶段：17-18世纪、19世纪、20世纪-21世纪，旨在梳理脉络，为当今全球化时代的医学交流提供某些历史借鉴(高晞 2015)。<br />
<br />
===关键词===<br />
《本草纲目》;译介;文化传播;历史借鉴<br />
<br />
===Introduction===<br />
Li Shizhen was a famous medical scientist of the Ming Dynasty. After several years of medicine practice, he found that there were many mistakes in ancient Chinese herbal books and decided to recompile one. In the 31st year of Jiajing (1552), Li Shizhen began to compile the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', which was based on ''Classified Materia Medica'' . To ensure the accuracy of the information, he referred to more than 800 books, and investigated many places on the spot. Since the 44th year Jiajing(1565), Li Shizhen had been to Wudang Mountain, Lushan Mountain, Maoshan Mountain, Niushoushan Mountain, Hunan province, Hubei province, Jiangxi province and other places to collect drug samples and prescriptions, figuring out many difficult issues. After 27 years of unswerving efforts and three revisions,the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''， the giant work of 1.92 million words, was completed.<br />
<br />
What is the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''( ''Ben Cao Gang Mu'')? Chinese people seem to be familiar with "Ben Cao Gang Mu". However, once they are asked, few can explain them clearly. Since ancient times, there have been many drugs used to treat diseases, including plants, animals, and minerals,among which there is a big difference in quantity. Herb(cao), a plant, accounts for the largest proportion. Therefore, the ancients had been using the phrase "materia medica"(ben cao) to represent medicine. As for "compendium"(gang mu), the rope used by fishermen to pull up the fishing net is "gang", and the mesh on the fishing net is "mu".When the fishing net is opened, it is called "gang ju mu zhang", which is the original of the word "gang mu"(Wang Qiuling&Si Qintu 2022). When the concept of "compendium"(gang mu) is applied to book writing, it becomes a traditional form of Chinese chronicle compilation.<br />
<br />
The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' consists of 52 volumes, which is essentially a dictionary of ancient medicines（Huang Zhijie 2000）. Based on the theoretical content in the ''Shennong’s Herbal Classic''(Yang Shujia 2021),the first and second volumes are preface examples, in which the viewpoints of scholars from different eras and of Li Shizhen himself are added. It aims to understand the performance, usage principles, and methods of drugs in traditional Chinese medicine. In the third and fourth volumes, the drugs are classified according to their performance and indications, reflecting the spirit of syndrome differentiation and treatment. The remaining 48 volumes are all about drugs, totaling 1892 types.<br />
<br />
===The Translation of Compendium of Materia Medica in Europe===<br />
English translation of traditional Chinese medicine plays an crucial role in the process of internationalization. Accurate translation can express the connotation of basic terminology, convey the medical principles and cultural characteristics, promote the concept of health preservation and prevention, and promote characteristic therapy of traditional Chinese medicine.<br />
<br />
In this chapter, it will analyze the French and English versions of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in the 18th-21st century. In terms of this, the scholar Pan Jixing pointed out in the article ''Compendium of Materia Medica: The East and West''(1983) , ＂Jacques François Vandermonde's ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu'' , Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'' and the works of Bernard Emms Read have partially translated the content of Li Shizhen's ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. ＂As for the complete translation, we can miss the English version translated by Luo Xiwen in 2004.<br />
<br />
====Abridged Translations====<br />
=====Jacques François Vandermonde's ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu''=====<br />
Dr. Joseph Needham, a British biochemist and historian of science, recorded in the Science and Civilization in China (1954)," Jacques Francois Vandermonde, a French doctor, had been practicing medicine in Macao, China for over 10 years. In 1732, he accidentally got a book of ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. According to its recorded drugs, he collected over 80 kinds of mineral samples. Later, with the help of Chinese people, he explained the samples one by one according to the original description of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', and attached them with corresponding labels. He also wrote a manuscript titled ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu'' ,which can be seen as an abridged French translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''." <br />
<br />
Written in French, this manuscript consists of one volume, with a total of 90 pages in the main text. Each paragraph is preceded by a serial number, and the corresponding Chinese name of the drug is written in the margin,such as "zao xin tu"(oven earth) ,"xiong huang"( red orpiment),"gan cao"( licorice). In this manuscript, he extracted and translated the names, origins, properties, five flavors,manufacturing methods, and efficacy of some mineral drugs from the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''.For example, when describing the origin,we have the expression "金牙生蜀郡 ， 如金色者良"(Li Shizhen 1593) in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' and " jinya stone is a golden stone produced in Sichuan "in ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu''. For another example, when talking about property, we have "出煅灶中，如尘紫色，轻者为佳，亦以磨莹铜器用之" (Li Shizhen 1593)in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' and " Iron powder is considered to be the red powder found in casting furnaces. The lightest is the best, and it is used for polishing copper ware "in Jacques Francois Vandermonde 's manuscript. As for manufacturing methods, we have "其法用白锡和银薄及水银合成之，凝硬如银，合炼有法"(Li Shizhen 1593) in Li Shizhen's book, and "This is a mixture made by melting an equal amount of silver and mercury" in the book of Jacques François Vandermonde...<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, the specimens collected by Jacques Francois Vandermonde and his translations did not receive much attention at the time. It was until the year of 1839 that Edouard Constant Biot, a French sinologist, collaborated with friends to analyze those mineral specimens and made the results public. In 1896, with the help of Chinese people(Zhang Xiuping&Wang Xiaoming 1993), F.de Mely and M.H.Courel published the entire excerpt, bringing it back to light.Now, the manuscript has been preserved Museum national d'Histoire naturelle(Needham 1954).<br />
<br />
Generally speaking, when selectively translating, Jacques Francois Vandermonde translated the properties first,and then the origins, production methods, and efficacy. In terms of the translation of mineral drugs, he mainly adopted free translation and translated corresponding elements.<br />
<br />
=====Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise''=====<br />
During the same period, when Jacques Francois Vandermonde's manuscript was neglected, another abridged French translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''- ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', gained great fame.<br />
<br />
Published in Paris and edited by Jean Baptiste Du Halde(Du Halde 1738), this book was co-authored by 27 missionaries in China(Fu Lu&Xiao Yongzhi 2019). It has four volumes, and is a comprehensive work which introduces China from various aspects, covering ancient Chinese politics, religion, etiquette, customs, geography, medicine,customs,flora and fauna,etc. In this book, it also contains some selected translations from the first part of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. In page 437, Volume 3 of ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', there is a volume named ''Excerpts from the Compendium of Materia Medica''- ''Chinese Herbology or Chinese natural history of Medicine'' (Du Halde 1738). It introduces that the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was compiled by Li Shizhen, a Chinese medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty, and explains the details of its publication. In addition, it also selectively translated some 16 kinds of drugs in the book. <br />
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Basically speaking, in terms of the translation of medicine names and prescriptions, Jean Baptiste Du Halde often adopted transliteration or literal translation. For example, he translated "人参'' into "JIN-SENG", "三七'' into"SAN-TSI'', "海马" into"Sea-Horse"（Du Halde 1738），复命汤"into"the medicine which restores lost life. At the same time, there are some mistakes in his translation because of cultural differences and conflicts.In terms of the translation of disease names and symptoms, free translation is often used. For example,"伤寒坏症"is translated into "For malignant fevers","怔忡自汗" into "For the palpitation of the heart, attended with sweating（Du Halde 1738）.<br />
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As the first French version of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' published in Europe, ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', enables European readers to have a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', which promotes European scholars' cognition of the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine, and was a landmark event for the spread of ''Compendium of Materia Medica''.<br />
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===== Bernard Emms Read's translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''=====<br />
Though Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'' has spread widely and gained a lot of fame, it only contains a small part of drug translation in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. Therefore, Bernard Emms Read along with many Chinese and foreign scholars from the Beijing Society of Museums compiled a series of works on the study and abridged translation of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' at the beginning of the 20th century((Wang Jiming 2011). In this series, there are 8 works, including one botanical medicine work, one mineral medicine work, and six animal medicine works. It also refers to 12 departments of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'',such as "Jinshi department","grass department","grain department","vegetable department","fruit department","wood department","insect department","poultry department","animal department","human department"...<br />
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As for the botanical medicine works, the book ''Chinese Medicinal Plants from the Pen Ts'ao Kang Mu'' ,which is co-authored by Bernard Emms Read and Liu Ruqiang, elaborates on more than 800 botanical medicines listed in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''. It also covers the "grass department","grain department","vegetable department","fruit department" and "wood department"(from volume 12 to volume 37 of the original). ''A Compendium of Minerals and Stones Used in Chinese Medicine from the Pen T'sao Kang Mu'' is the mineral medicine work that is co-authored by Bernard Emms Read and C.Pek. It narrates the "Jinshi department (volume 8 to volume 11) in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'',carrying over a hundred types of mineral drugs. In terms of the animal drugs, there are 6 departments in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'',such as "insect department", "squamous department","poultry department"and "human department" .Bernard Emms Read translated it into 6 works for publication.<br />
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In fact,several research works and translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' written by Bernard Emms Read differ greatly in style. As for his translation, only the "name" can be translated from the research works of plant medicine, while the "bone" can be translated from the research works of mineral medicine. It was not until the translation of nimal medicine section that the "flesh" and "form" were truly translated.<br />
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=====The Boom of abridged translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica''=====<br />
In the 18th century, the wave of "sinomania" rose in Europe. Once the French version ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'' was published,it attracted the attention of all walks of life and was translated into many languages successively. In 1735, the French edition was sold out.In 1736, its English version ''The General History of China'' was issued in London, which is called Ed. John Watts. From 1737 to 1741, there was Ed. E. Cave(Pan Jixin 1980)... With the translation and dissemination of the ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'', the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has been partially translated into French, English, German，Russian(Zhang Shengxin 2003)...<br />
<br />
====The Complete Translations of Luo Xiwen's ''Compendium of Materia Medica''====<br />
At the beginning of the 21st century, the complete English translation ''Compendium of Materia Medica''(Luo Xiwen 2004),which is translated by Luo Xiwen and published in Foreign Language Press, became the first and only complete English translation at present. <br />
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The book totals more than 6 million words(Li Shizhne 1593).As for arrangement, the original work of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' contains 52 volumes The transaltion is faithful to it, and ends up with 6 books. In the first book,it translated volume 1 to volume 4 of the original, involving prefaces of Wang Shizhen, Xia Xin, Zhang Dingsi, Li Jianyuan, "preface examples" and "prescriptions for various diseases".The second book translated volume 5 to volume 14, which includes ''water department","fire department","earth department","Jinshi department",and section 1 to section 3 of "grass department". The third book translated volume 15 to volume 22, including section 4 to section 11 of the "grass department" and the first part of "grain department". While the fourth book recounts volume 23 to volume 34, and involves section 2 to section 4 of "grain department". The fifth book translated volume 35 to volume 46, and contains the second part to sixth part of "wood department" The last book narrates volume 47 to volume 52, including "poultry department","animal department"and "human department".<br />
<br />
When it comes to the translation of each drug, it also follow the style of the original. Under specific drugs,their serial numbers are first listed,followed by their "Chinese Pinyin/Latin/English names, explanation of names, previous explanations, preparations, quality and taste, indications, explication and prescriptions. He uses Chinese Pinyin instead of Western Pinyin to promote Chinese culture.For some drugs, drug diagrams are attached in the text. Different from other translators, Luo Xiwen completely follows the style and content of the original from the beginning to the end. In terms of the attached table, Luo Wenxi's version contains a comparison table between the Chinese dynasties and AD era and is accompanied by various Chinese, English, and Latin indexes for readers to search for drugs.<br />
<br />
In short, several French and English translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' from the 18th century to the present have been introduced. Regardless of their quality, they have played a certain role in promoting the dissemination of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe. As for its dissemination, we will discuss it in detail in the next chapter.<br />
<br />
===The Dissemination of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' in Europe===<br />
Since the 17th century, the dissemination of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has never stopped. In this chapter, it roughly divides it into three stages: from the 17th to 18th century, the 19th century, and from the 20th to 21st century. <br />
<br />
====Introduction and translation period (17th-18thcentury)====<br />
The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was written at the end of the 16th century. Now, it is uncertain when and by whom it was first transmitted to Europe.However, according to scholar Chen Hengxin's ''A Study on the Collection of Chinese Books in the French National Library'',when Jiachim Bouvet returned to France, he presented Louis XIV 49 Chinese books of 22 kinds, among which there was a set of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' hardbound in yellow silk. That is to say, just a century after the completion of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', it had already set foot on the land of Europe and entered the Royal Library of France. In the 18th century, several abridged translations of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' emerged in Europe,such as Jacques François Vandermonde's ''Eaux, Feu(et Cauteres),Terres, etc., Métaux, Minéraux et Sels, du Pén Tshao Kang Mu'', Jean Baptiste Du Halde's ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise'',etc.<br />
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====Research and evaluation period (19th century)====<br />
From the 17th to 18th centuries, European readers' acceptance of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' remained at the level of collection, introduction, and translation. In the 19th century, as botanist, chemists, naturalists, zoologists, pharmacologists and other scholars joined the reader group of ''Compendium of Materia Medica'', the research on this book and Chinese medicine was also gradually carried out, including the drawing of drug maps, the collection and analysis of drug specimens, and the interpretation and evaluation of the drugs contained in the book from the perspective of chemistry and pharmacology in Europe at that time. The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has gained a wider audience in Europe.<br />
<br />
====Cultural impression construction period (20-21st century)====<br />
In the 20th to 21st century, the dissemination and reception methods became increasingly widespread, and this book was also exhibited through museums and international academic conferences.Through various channels such as discussions and documentaries, the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' was disseminated to various countries. During this period, there are versions of Bernard Emms Read, Luo Xiwen...And the research on the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' by European scholars in modern times has shown a diversified trend.<br />
<br />
===Conclusion===<br />
The ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' has been published for over 4 centuries. Over the long years, this great work has not been submerged. On the contrary, it has become even more brilliant under the polishing of time. It is a classic and precious work in traditional Chinese medicine culture, and also a pioneering work for traditional Chinese medicine culture to go abroad and spread overseas（Zhang Yan&Yin Na 2022）. Since the late 17th century, it has been introduced to various countries in Europe and America, and related translations and research have emerged accordingly. The translation and dissemination of the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' not only demonstrate the strong vitality of traditional Chinese medicine, but also provide some inspiration and reference for modern medicine, promoting mutual exchange and cooperation between Eastern and Western medical cultures(Liu Runlan 2014). On the other hand, it greatly demonstrates the charm of traditional Chinese medicine culture as an important component of Chinese traditional culture, and also provides inspiration and reference for the translation and dissemination of Chinese cultural classics.<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
[1] Du Halde杜赫德． ''Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise''《中华帝国全志》［M］． London 伦敦: E Cave 凯夫，1738．<br />
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[2] Needham，J李约瑟． ''Science and Civilisation in China''《中国科学技术史》［M］．Cambridge 剑桥: Cambridge University Press 剑桥大学出版社，1954．<br />
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[3]李时珍Li Shizhen ．《本草纲目》''Compendium of Materia Medica''［M］． 罗希文译Translated by Luo Xiwen． 北京 Beijing: 外文出版社Foreign Language Press，2004．<br />
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[4]李时珍 Li Shizhen.《本草纲目》''Compendium of Materia Medica''［M].明万历二十一年癸已In the 21st year of the Ming Wanli reign (1593)金陵胡承龙刻本Jinling Hu Chenglong Inscription．<br />
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[5] 张秀平Zhang Xiuping，王晓明Wang Xiaoming． 影响中国的 100 本书100 ''Books that Have Influnenced China''［M].南宁Nanning: 广西人民出版社Guangxi People's Publishing House，1993．<br />
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[6] 张焱Zhang Yan,尹娜Yin Na.《本草纲目》在欧美的译介与传播''Translation and Communications of Materia Medica in Europe and America'' [J].华北理工大学学报(社会科学版) Journal of North China University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition),2022,22(05):126-133. <br />
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[7] 潘吉星Pan Jixing．《本草纲目》之东被及西渐''Compendium of Materia Medica: The East and West''［J］． 中国药学杂志Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal，1983( 10) : 11－18．<br />
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[8] 付璐Fu Lu．《本草纲目》在欧洲的流传研究''The Transmission of BengCaoGangMu in Europe'' [D]．北京Beijing：中国中医科学院China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences，2020．<br />
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[9] 付璐Fu Lu．浅谈《中华帝国全志》对《本草纲目》的翻译与传播''On the Translation and Dissemination of Compendium of Materia Medica by The General History of China''［J］．中医杂志Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine，2019,60（15）:1265-1276.<br />
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[10] 潘吉星Pan Jixing．关于李时珍《本草纲目》外文译文的几个问题''Several Questions about the Foreign Translation of Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica''［J］．中医杂志Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,1980(3):62-66.<br />
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[11] 高晞Gao Xi．十五世纪以来中医在西方的传播与研究''The Spread and Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the West since the 15th Century''［J］．中医药文化Chinese Medical Culture，2015（6）:15-24.<br />
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[12]刘润兰Liu Runlan.《本草纲目》在海外的传播与影响''The Spread and Influence of Compendium of Materia Medica Overseas'' [J].世界中西医结合杂志World Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine,2014,9(01):89-90.<br />
[13]王秋玲Wang Qiuling,斯琴图Si Qintu.什么是“本草纲目”? ''What is "Compendium of Materia Medica"?'' [J]. 少儿国学.Children's Traditional Chinese Studies,2022(03):38-39.<br />
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[14]杨舒佳Yang Shujia. 《神农本草经》训诂史研究''A study on the History of Exegesis in Shennong’s Herbal Classic'' [D].北京中医药大学Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,2021.<br />
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[15]张晟星Zhang Shengxing.《本草纲目》的翻译与传播''Translation and Dissemination of Compendium of Materia Medica'' [J].上海科技翻译Shanghai Journal of Translators for Science and Technology,2003(01):55.<br />
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[16]黄志杰Huang Zhijie.《本草纲目》导读''Introduction to Compendium of Materia Medica'' [J].中医函授通讯Bulletin of Traditional Chinese Medicine Correspondence,2000(03):4-6.<br />
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[17]王吉民Wang Jimin． 祖国医药文化流传海外考''A Textual Research on the Spread of Chinese Medical Culture Overseas'' [M].广州Guangzhou: 广东人民出版社Guangdong People's Publishing House，2011．</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=155753Report CN EN 032023-06-09T16:00:53Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：5.痴情 */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情==<br />
<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with Long Hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old, civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies were always covered; whereas in the West, people loved nudity, which seemed to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个一丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there was a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush and painting a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting was not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, had you ever thought that some of us would cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us would stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, would come like snowflakes. You might even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Were you fearless, or seized by a whim? You were out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he was painting.<br />
<br />
他站在一间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着ー支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着一张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stood in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looked disheveled, and his bosom was stained with different colors. His hair was long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there was a rugged stone statue.<br />
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喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exactly did you want?<br />
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南去列车<br />
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Southbound Train<br />
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风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it was today. The platforms were clean, the corridors were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the southern regions of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North...<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像ー块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and a black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with the excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man -- that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes..."<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me..."<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows--the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"A business trip? Or visiting family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student in Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone..."<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What..."<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break..."<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man."<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. Resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
"So I don't understand art..."<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多少欢聚与悲离的 故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉一线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小伙子,而是一个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
During the long journey, as the young people of the same generation, it was the fate to meet each other in this running train! In life, many stories of reunion and departure were drawn by the heavy line across the land! The girl was close to the small table by the window, resting her chin in the hand, listening to the young man talk, and watching his expression. It seemed that he was not a young guy, but a strong and confident man. Calculating his age, he was even a few years older than the girl. Why did he give that illusion before? Alas, the age of men was really hard to guess...<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为一个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是一个有抱负、有才华的人!”<br />
<br />
Out of the female’s sensitivity, the girl suddenly felt shy and embarrassed. The condescending arrogance that she had just showed was now reversed and replaced by her hazy admiration. The girl looked at the painter's dress again, and the non-matching colors of black and red were not so conspicuous. Although the painter's cotton jacket was still so black, the collar of the underwear was still so crooked, and the hair was still so disheveled, in the eyes of the girl, they all became the evidence that the young man was a bachelor who was immersed in art and had no time to take care of himself, which touched the girl's heart of compassion: "It seems that he is an ambitious and talented man!"<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
The painter took out his drawing board, spread the paper and said to the girl, "Please allow me to make a sketch of you."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
The girl nodded her head.<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简直像一个拙笨的新手。好半天,才抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
The painter drew very slowly, feeling ill at ease. The more he tried to draw well, the more nervous he became, and the brush was out of control. He was like a clumsy novice. After a long time, he apologized and said, "Sorry, I didn’t draw well..."<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来一看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会”了画家的灵犀。<br />
<br />
When the girl took it and looked, two red clouds rose on her cheeks. This sketch was not as good as the one of the mechanic, and those rigid lines were flaws of the work. To say it bluntly, she looked uglier in the painting than she really was. Is that what I look like? The girl had a reason to make a protest. However, she understood and forgave the painter with a sweet smile. Honestly, she didn't even want to see him too calm, too relaxed, like facing the model in the studio. The girl no longer regarded "resemblance in appearance" as so important, and she “understood tacitly” the painter's spirit.<br />
<br />
画纸的一角是签名和年月——袁运生,画于1964年2月。<br />
<br />
In one corner of the paper were the signature and date--Yuan Yunsheng, painted in February 1964.<br />
<br />
画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "Give it to you."<br />
<br />
姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
<br />
The girl said, "Thank you, I’ll keep it as a memory."<br />
<br />
“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信地址?”<br />
<br />
"You see, I was so careless that I forgot to ask your name." The painter said, "Could you write down your mailing address?"<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
<br />
The girl smiled: "My name is Zhang Lanying." And she wrote down the address on the painter's sketchbook.<br />
<br />
火车抵达浦口,他们已经像一对熟识的老朋友了。从一个艺术型的医学院学生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
<br />
When the train arrived in Pukou, they already looked like two old friends. Many common temperaments could be found between an artistic medical student and a serious artist. The passengers on the same train thought they had known each other for a long time and treated them as a couple, saying goodbye to them with the appellation of “you two”.<br />
<br />
画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空一样清澈,像江水一样深沉……<br />
<br />
The painter sent the girl to the shore of the Yangtze River, a wet wind blowing from the river. It was time to part, and both of them were reluctant to leave. Lanying looked at Yuan Yunsheng with the warm and fond gaze, and that means everything! As clear as the sky, as deep as the river...<br />
<br />
呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江交织起来的一见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
Heh! Pretty girl, you were too sentimental. Did you know him? The story of love at first sight, woven by the main Beijing-Pukou line and the winding Yangtze River, was too indiscreet.<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
<br />
The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River<br />
<br />
在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,一只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认真地涂抹着油彩,画出一个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
<br />
In the days of glorious morning light of the 1950s, a young boy's delicate hand, holding a paintbrush, was earnestly spreading the paint on the linen to draw a little girl with the same earnest expression, who was imitating her sister's movement, tying a bright red scarf around her neck.<br />
<br />
这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐一样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
<br />
This oil painting was sent from Nantong in Jiangsu Province to Beijing as an assignment for applying for the highest academy of arts, presenting the young painter’s sparkling artistic talent and a crystal-clear heart. The title was "Growing up to be like my sister", painted by Yuan Yunsheng.<br />
<br />
看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年除夕送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出一批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的艺术功底。<br />
<br />
When looking at this oil painting, people might think that the painter had a soft and gentle femininity. In fact, he was just the opposite. He was stubborn and unrestrained, like a boisterous colt. His love of painting since childhood was mainly influenced by his father. His father worked in a middle school in Nantong. In his spare time, he enthusiastically collected various fine art works. Every year on the New Year’s Eve, they would bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new, and his father would always hang a number of new paintings on the wall, including Chinese and foreign ones, like a small exhibition, full of the atmosphere of the art salon. The paintings collected at home gave Yuan Yunsheng some enlightenment in art. When he got a little bit older, he went to the Cultural Center in Nantong to participate in activities, attend lectures, learn to sketch, and paint, laying the first foundation of art.<br />
<br />
当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来一副犟脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
<br />
When he applied to the Central Academy of Fine Arts, his father said with worry: "The boy was born with stubbornness, which makes us uneasy."<br />
<br />
哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,一个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人 需要有个性。”<br />
<br />
His brother Yuan Yunfu, who was also involved in fine art, kept cheering him on: "Go ahead. people involved in fine art needs to have a personality."<br />
<br />
1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
<br />
In the summer of 1955, the Central Academy of Fine Arts announced the admission of new students, Yuan Yansheng ranking the first.<br />
<br />
如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画派。这是19世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画就像一部小说或一出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝圣者像请佛一样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
<br />
If Yuan Yunsheng's work for the entrance examination could be classified as a certain school of art, it would be the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions. It was a progressive school of painting that emerged in Russia in the 19th century. It simulated life, emphasized themes, and focused on plot. A painting was like a novel or a play. It inherited Rembrandt’s tradition of realism and absorbed the Impressionism’s achievements in the use of light and color. After the October Revolution, it enjoyed the supreme position in the Soviet art circle and was invited to China by Chinese pilgrims, like inviting the Buddha. Of course, Yuan Yunsheng, only 17 years old, did not know the essence of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, let alone that the school of art was linked to the school of politics.<br />
<br />
他像奔跑在艺术山野 里的小鹿,一头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
<br />
Like a fawn running in the wilderness of art, he bumped into the arms of Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions.<br />
<br />
袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身 好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件 和艺术才能的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖力气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严格的训练——<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng was highly regarded by the academy. He was born in a good family (it was rare to have such a family background at that time) and excelled in the examination. He sat in the first-year classroom with a nimbus of political condition and artistic talent hanging over his head. He was elected as the commissary of Communist Youth League in charge of organization, who was totally the epitome of a socialist-minded and professionally competent man. He was also a real hard worker, and was very stubborn, taking everything seriously. Under the guidance of Soviet-style teaching methods, he received strict training--<br />
<br />
挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与被画者保持绝对的耐性 。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面”,画上一整天,只画了半个头像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履的中年人走过来,这是礼聘 来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供同学们观摩。<br />
<br />
Choosing a HB pencil, and sharpening it, and sketching in front of male and female models. The models were recruited at a very high price, both nude and non-nude. Under certain lights, the painter and the object stayed absolutely patient. He sketched out the outline at first, figured out the “light and plane”, and then drew all day long, only to have half picture of the head; the next day, the same scene was repeated under the same conditions; then, a middle-aged man with a high nose and deep eyes, dressed in a suit, came over, who was an expert invited cordially. Whenever he passed behind Yuan Yunsheng, his face often showed a look of satisfaction. Yuan Yunsheng got five points for all his sketches and oil paintings, which were sometimes hung in the classroom or in the corridor for students to watch.<br />
<br />
这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉柯夫教学体系。袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀——苏联在中国土地上开办的艺术工厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
<br />
That year, a sketch and oil painting teaching conference of national fine art academies was held in Beijing to promote the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union. A half-length portrait of a Chinese woman painted by Yuan Yunsheng was shown off on the conference--a standard mode produced by the art factory of the Soviet Union in China.<br />
<br />
苏联专家的宠儿 ,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
<br />
He was the favorite of the Soviet experts, and the pride of the Oil Painting Department. He had a lot of success and a bright future. He immersed himself in the painting all day long, with his hand keeping waving, like a devout disciple prostrating himself before his art idol, and praying that his soul would ascend to the temple of art, seating on a throne surrounded by roses with a crown of pearls… It was the highest ideal for college students majoring in oil painting at that time.<br />
<br />
但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
<br />
But the naive faith was not solid, like an edifice built on a thin and narrow foundation, which could easily collapse. Once it was subverted, it could cause endless troubles.<br />
<br />
苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便朝那里走去。他停在一帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来一阵电灼般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
<br />
Distress had come to him, and he brought it upon himself. One morning, he heard that there was an exhibition of paintings being held in the hall, and went there. He stopped in front of a sequence of copies of the oil paintings, casting a calm glance upon it, and his whole body felt an electric sensation. His heart was shaking, and his blood was boiling.<br />
<br />
这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风 的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的感情,像酒一样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
<br />
These were the works of the European Post-Impressionist painter Van Gogh, with ordinary and simple images: fields, haystacks, a clock reflected by the setting sun, and sunflowers in clay pots. In addition, there were some portraits of ordinary people: postmen, miners, movers, and inmates who were released for yard time. In these unpretentious pictures, the author poured out the strongest feelings, as strong as wine, like a flame burning!<br />
<br />
看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格 。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生——向日葵,仿佛摇身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探求……这哪里是绘画呀,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每一线条和每一色块都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
<br />
Look, the jagged trees were rebellious. The undulating earth seemed to tell of suffering. The painter poured deep feelings into those ordinary people. The still-life painting--sunflowers, seemed to turn into a living thing, stretching out its jumble of tentacles to the frozen space, capturing, swaying, and indefatigably seeking... It was not a painting, but a call of the painter's life, a representation of his character! Every line and every color block were flowing, coming through invisible channels to clamp people, annihilate them to a great vortex of emotion...<br />
<br />
袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被一支锐利的艺术之箭射穿了。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng walked out of the hall, with his legs wobbling, as if he was drunk, was hurt. His heart was pierced by a sharp arrow of art.<br />
<br />
他回到宿舍,一头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高才生转瞬间变成西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
<br />
He went back to the dormitory and threw himself onto the bed. It was ironic that a top student of the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union became a captive of the Western European Post-Impressionism in an instant.<br />
<br />
宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地问:“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
<br />
When the door of the dormitory opened, his roommate came in. Seeing him pale and tired, he asked in surprise, "Yunsheng, what happened to you?"<br />
<br />
“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
<br />
"I went to see an exhibition of Van Gogh's paintings." Yuan Yunsheng sat up in bed and said, "I've never been so excited by the works of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions..."<br />
<br />
他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的基础。有这个就够了。下一步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚 。<br />
<br />
He expressed his thoughts. In his opinion, the merit of Soviet painting theory lied in the emphasis on placing the object under certain light, observing the levels and hues with a subtle look, and tracing it carefully, which was the basis of all paintings. It was enough. The next step was to break free and move forward, not to limit themselves.<br />
<br />
他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧上了天 ,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在干着什么蠢事呀? ……<br />
<br />
He was right. Throughout the history of art, each school had its own process of formation, development, vicissitudes, and ups and downs. The Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions deserved its place in the art circle without dispute. But once it was praised to the skies, and promoted by administrative means, it would be counterproductive and bring suffocating disaster to the art. In fact, in the 1950s, painters all over the world, including Soviet painters, were running, exploring and innovating. And how stupid we were! ...<br />
<br />
袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng said excitedly: "We follow behind them and pick up what they have thrown away!"<br />
<br />
好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,一个几亿人的社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎。<br />
<br />
His good friends were familiar with his character and sympathized with his comments, but they worried about him. At that time, a society of hundreds of millions of people prostrated itself before Soviet idols, and his words were tantamount to a form of blasphemy.<br />
<br />
从那以后,他变得不大安分 了, 一头温驯的伏尔加式的小鹿,现出烈性马驹的本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标。<br />
<br />
From then on, he became rebel. A tame fawn, like the one on the Volga car, showed the true colors of a boisterous colt. In addition to completing the homework as usual, he improvised with mixed painting techniques, as if he was pursuing an ethereal goal.<br />
<br />
目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
<br />
The goal was finally found, unexpectedly close at hand.<br />
<br />
从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭一张学生证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹…… <br />
<br />
From the Shuaifuyuan where the Central Academy of Fine Arts was located, crossing the big roundabout between Wangfujing and Bamiancao, the Donghua Gate of the National Palace Museum was about a mile away. At that time, students from the Academy of Fine Arts enjoyed a special privilege. They could freely enter the imperial garden of ancient Chinese art with only a student ID card. Here he saw Chen Laolian’s “Bogu Yezi (A kind of card played while drinking in ancient China)” in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan’s “Qingming Shanghe Tu (Along the River During the Qingming Festival)” in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a large number of authentic works of famous painters of the Tang Dynasty…<br />
<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
<br />
His favorite work was the "Luo Shen Fu (The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River)" by Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.<br />
<br />
长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象力!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人,栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱翔……<br />
<br />
Long scroll, romantic conception, how imaginative! The landscape was peaceful and spacious, with quiet and wonderful rivers and mountains; the figures were lifelike, dancing in the air. Was the resemblance in appearance? Was the resemblance in spirit? Between likeness and unlikeness, that was the author's mind soaring…<br />
<br />
他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条表现出高超的魅力。<br />
<br />
He put his eyes close to the scroll. The brush strokes, appearing ageless for thousands of years, like the spring silkworms spinning fine and exquisite silk, drew freely. He thought of the Soviet oil painting theory that denied the existence of lines. But in Chinese painting, the general and terse lines showed the high charm.<br />
<br />
站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他的思绪如抛出的一缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
<br />
Standing in this ancient resplendent hall, a long flowing river of art swept passed by before his eyes, and his thoughts stretched out like a wisp of gossamer. If we compared the fashionable Western art and the ancient Oriental art to two poles, there seemed to be something between the two poles that was closely related. Oh, he understood. When we got into a mut, ignored what was near and seek what was far away, those elves and devils of abstractionism, fauvism, modernism and futurism quietly got essence and extracted nutrients from the Oriental art to strengthen their bodies. That was the secret.<br />
<br />
祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
<br />
Motherland, your art is not water, not wine, not milk, but the magical royal jelly!<br />
<br />
虎丘<br />
<br />
Huqiu<br />
<br />
兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
<br />
After parting with the painter in Pukou, Lanying returned to school in Suzhou. In the blink of an eye, it was March. With spring breeze and newly sprouted willow trees, the town of flowing water under bridges liked a young girl, who was unveiled, affectionate with a lot of charm. <br />
<br />
姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
<br />
The girl's state of mind was also bright like waking spring.<br />
<br />
她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认识一下,如果手头有照片,请寄来一张。<br />
<br />
She received the painter’s letter from Nantong. The style of writing was free and easy. In the girl’s words: "The level is quite high!" The letter recalled the unforgettable scene on the train and expressed his feelings of missing her. He also said that his parents and brothers would like to get to know the girl, and if she had photos, please sent one.<br />
<br />
兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选一张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息一样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
<br />
Lanying opened the photo album without hesitation, selected a small photo, attached a short reply, and sent it to Nantong. This small act contained an unusual meaning, just like the shortest electromagnetic microwave can transmit significant information, it clearly expressed: the girl agreed to be his girlfriend.<br />
<br />
兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
<br />
Lanying's upbringing conditioned her to making her own decisions. She was born in Shandong province and grew up in the regions south of the Yangtze River. After her parents died, she moved with the troops from childhood. Wherever she went, it was her home, and she developed the ability to live independently. Over the years, she always received the warmth from the group and her female companions, but was never constrained. Perhaps she was a bit spoiled and coaxed by others, which made her form a stubborn personality.<br />
<br />
此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,一见钟情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
<br />
At the moment, she had a novel feeling that she was happier than the people around her. Because she had a right man in her heart, who affected her emotions. She silently enjoyed the secret pleasure of the young girl in love for the first time. She even imagined that once the secret was revealed, how surprised and envious her female companions would be! In their minds, her vison was very high. She was great looking and came from a privileged background. No male classmates dared to develop a relationship with her. It was not easy to take her fancy. It was done so artfully, neither by her parents’ choice, nor by the match-maker’s recommendation. She met him on a trip, and fell in love at first sight, bringing everything lime a whirlwind, so that the girl was full of desire for a better life. It was really romantic! So, she wove the future scenarios with sweet silk, anxiously waiting for the response from Nantong. Did he receive her letter? Would the painter's parents comment her when looking at her photo? Was she too pretty, or not enough? Alas! It was really hard to guess… The girl's heart was like the weather in the south of the Yangtze River in March. The temperature and weather changed abruptly.<br />
<br />
学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
<br />
The school was preparing for the Women's Day celebration. Lanying was the commissary in charge of entertainment of the class, a major role that bore a heavy burden of responsibility. The time passed quickly as she arranged the programs, made a blackboard newspaper, and decorated the venue.<br />
<br />
“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄起话筒,一惊一喜——那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
<br />
On Woman’s Day, the curtain was opened, and everyone was watching the stage. Suddenly someone called Lanying to answer the phone. She took up the microphone, and was surprised and delighted -- it was the painter calling from the school's reception office.<br />
<br />
兰英极力掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,一阵风似的跑到学校的门口。<br />
<br />
Lanying tried to hide his excitement, turned to the students, vaguely explained a few words, and ran to the school gate like a gust of wind.<br />
<br />
画家站在那里,手中照例拿着一个速写本。<br />
<br />
The painter stood there, holding a sketchbook in his hand as usual.<br />
<br />
“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I just got off the train. I was passing through here after the home leave." The painter said.<br />
<br />
“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
<br />
"Please come in, do you … want to draw some sketches for our celebration?"<br />
<br />
“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……” <br />
<br />
"Not going in. I'd like to invite you out for a walk…"<br />
<br />
兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意味着向人生的一个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
<br />
Lanying hesitated for a moment. She was willing to accept the request, but also felt embarrassed. Since she entered the period of youth and became mature, Lanying spent this day with her female companions every year. Today she was going to leave her group, which meant saying goodbye to a stage of life. She thought about the discipline of the school, the opinion of classmates...<br />
<br />
“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
<br />
"Where are we going?" Lanying asked shyly.<br />
<br />
“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
<br />
"Huqiu." The painter's expression did not change.<br />
<br />
当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
<br />
When they got off the bus and stood at the foot of Huqiu Hill, the girl's uneasy heart was quieted down and relaxed. <br />
<br />
和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深”。沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
<br />
Compared with the small gardens in Suzhou City, Huqiu was a broad and quiet place to visit. The first two lines of Bai Juyi's poem on Huqiu were " The temple doesn't look far away, but it's very deep in the garden.” Walking along the stone path to the garden, there were many pines and cypresses, clear and blue sword pool, thick and tall groves of bamboo hiding the buildings and pavilions on the hillside: Temple of Chloris, Three Smiles pavilion... Walking deeper and there was more quiet, like walking into a sweet dream.<br />
<br />
这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在一起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
<br />
It was the first time Lanying had been alone with a man. There were mysterious waves in the girl’s heart. She felt that she had a lot to say to the painter, but she didn't know where to start.<br />
<br />
“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
<br />
"Have you received the photo?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I received. My family saw it and they all like you." The painter said.<br />
<br />
可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术。他对这一带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而倾倒。<br />
<br />
But the painter soon changed the subject. He commented on the local customs and culture of Suzhou and introduced the plastic art of the regions south of the Yangtze River. He seemed to be familiar with the area and knew a lot of anecdotes. The girl listened to him with great interest and was overwhelmed with admiration by the painter's profound knowledge.<br />
<br />
前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去 ,仿佛在祝福这一对美好的情侣。突然,一股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
<br />
Huqiu Pagoda was just ahead. The towering spire thrust into the blue sky and white clouds, magnificent and magical. Lanying and the painter ran towards the top of the hill with excitement. The painter stretched out his strong arm to support the girl. They were so close to each other, feeling the heat of each other's breath and heart beating. Pines, cypresses, and bamboo forests swayed backwards, as if they were blessing the wonderful couple. Suddenly, with a blazing feeling, they both stopped at the same time.<br />
<br />
这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰一样醉红,双唇像微微绽开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己一样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后一瞬……<br />
<br />
Here was surrounded by hills and trees, empty and silent. The painter stared at the girl with a frank and honest look; Lanying closed her eyes happily, ready to receive a baptism of love that would never be forgotten. The golden sunlight, through the branches of the trees, cast waving shadows on the girl’s face. Her cheeks were as red as roses, and her lips were like slightly blooming petals, more beautiful than usual. What a pure girl. Opening the window of her heart, there wasn’t any trace of dust and impurities. Although it was her second meeting with the painter, she trusted him and life as she trusted herself. Hold her tight, kiss her with fervor. She would be yours forever, from now until the last moment of your life…<br />
<br />
“兰英,我要告诉你一件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是‘右派’！”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I’ll tell you something." What she heard at this moment was the painter’s calm voice, “The first time was too late and the second time is not too late. I was classed as a 'rightist' when I was in college. Really, it was the 'rightist'!”<br />
<br />
霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
<br />
All of a sudden, the hills and trees, the ancient pagoda, were frozen in a deathly silence…<br />
<br />
孤岛上<br />
On a Lonely Island<br />
<br />
到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。1957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
<br />
Have you ever been to an island of the sea? The water and sky seemed to be mixed up together. The clouds came and went, and tide rose and fell. The island was a poem, a fresh and meaningful poem. At the turn of spring and summer in 1957, Yuan Yunsheng was in a poetic environment.<br />
<br />
他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
<br />
He went deep into the life on the island and practice drawing from nature. The Central Academy of Fine Arts required that second-year students had a two-month internship course; before the summer vacation, students went to different parts of the country. He and another student were the only ones who participated in the trip to the island. It was located on the shore of the Yellow Sea. There were only troops on the island, and no residents for miles around. The island provided him with a fortunate environment, getting away from the noise and disputes of the human world, and escaping the violent turmoil that happened in the mainland.<br />
<br />
小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体 ,心情是焦渴的。当蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
<br />
People on the island were closest to nature. Every morning, carrying the paint box on his back, he wandered on the beach covered with light yellow gravel and welcomed the first ray of happy sunshine. At the age of only eighteen, Yuan Yunsheng had already stood out from the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions and became a hazy composite of Chinese Classicism Painting and Western Modernism Painting, who was anxious. The blue sea sprinkled ten thousand golden stars and the sunglow filled his heart with brilliant colors. It was the moment when the young artist's life was burning. He hurriedly opened the paint box, spread the canvas and accepted the generous offer of nature.<br />
<br />
小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左右,才有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
<br />
The island was simple. Politics was proportional to the population, and there were less political topics here. Only a barge arrived to deliver newspapers and mail every ten days or so. While he and his companion were eating, they hastily opened the newspapers and skim through them. He was curious about the articles that appeared in the newspaper:<br />
<br />
“北京在鸣放 了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好啦……”<br />
<br />
"Beijing is allowing the people to express the views now. This article is interesting. This opinion should be adopted. Changing it like this will be good…"<br />
<br />
他看完报纸一扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块和线条的运用。<br />
<br />
He threw the newspaper away after reading it and then forgot about it. He did not care about anything else except painting. His road of life was bright, full of sunshine, with no clouds hanging over him and nothing to worry about. All he cared about was the use of light, color blocks and lines.<br />
<br />
年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队的宣传干事带到一间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
<br />
The only political question the young artist faced was raised by the local soldiers. One day, he was taken to a humble shed by a publicity officer of the troops, and a pair of trusting eyes were cast upon him.<br />
<br />
“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, you have asked to go to another island to paint, right?"<br />
<br />
“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
<br />
"Yes, we want to go there."<br />
<br />
“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
<br />
"The troops have studied it. You can go, but your classmate stays."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查 。你们学校填写了两份材料,你的情况单纯 。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
<br />
"A permanent military project is being built on the island. Those who go there have to pass a political vetting. Your college filled out two documents, and your background is simple. Your classmate can't go, mainly because of family problems…"<br />
<br />
袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是一种荣幸,既然生活当中存在这样一些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng frowned. It was an honor to be invited alone. Since there were such rules in life, he went to there alone and no one could blame it. But it brought him more trouble than excitement. He knew his classmates. They were all members of the Communist Youth League and were the backbone of the students. Why should they be distinguished? With his artistic way of thinking, he decided that it was a proposition of conscience and friendship.<br />
<br />
“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
<br />
"Hey, I got it." He went back to the dorm and said to his companion, "The island is building fortifications, drilling and blasting, filled with smoke. There is nothing to paint. We've been out for a long time, let's just go back to the college!"<br />
<br />
不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大 登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活见鬼 !中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
<br />
Soon, he and his classmate crossed the sea and landed at Lvda City. The cool sea breeze blew against the beautiful city, arousing the interest of sightseeing. They wandered the streets. The scenery was charming, the buildings were quirky and everywhere was full of Russian atmosphere. When Yuan looked up at the signposts, which wrote the street names like “Makarov”, he complained: "Damn it! Why does the street of Chinese city have to be named after a Russian general? What a bummer…" A few days later, they stood in the blue harbor, casting a last glance at the ocean waves, and turned around to set foot on the way back.<br />
<br />
不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
<br />
He didn’t expect that it was a farewell to the blue life.<br />
<br />
北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷 ,使海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头 ,有碍“百花齐放”。袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
<br />
Beijing had changed. Returning from the island, he was amazed by the swift counterattack, the overwhelming criticism, and the petals scattered on the ground in the campus. What puzzled him most was the situation of Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the academy. He heard that the secretary of the Party Committee made a mistake because he advocated the revolutionary school of painting too far, which hindered "all flowers blooming together". Yuan Yunsheng really didn’t understand what the “revolutionary school of painting” had to do with the “rightist”.<br />
<br />
袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? 一连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng hid in the dormitory, immersing himself in gathering up his sketches. Perhaps, he was safe. He advocated inheriting ancient Chinese art and drawing on western modern art, which should be conducive to the "blooming of a hundred flowers". How could he not be safe. For several days, he chased the white clouds, waves and seagulls, lost in the memories of his trip to the sea…<br />
<br />
有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像一个漏了税的走私犯接受审讯。<br />
<br />
One day, he was suddenly called to the classroom and stood in front of the people, like a smuggler being tried for tax evasion.<br />
<br />
摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名——“反苏” 。 <br />
<br />
He was faced with a host of problems: deviant views in art, sympathetic remarks to the "rightist", "poisoning" on the island and in Lvda, and a terrible accusation throughout it -- "anti-Soviet".<br />
<br />
究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐 ,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
<br />
The answer to who denounced him could be found by using elementary mathematics, but it was meaningless. Since he had thought so, and said, he said bluntly to anyone, with an honest heart.<br />
<br />
他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他一挥手:“请你到外面等一会儿。”<br />
<br />
He racked his brain to repeat what he had said, and the presenter waved to him: "Please wait outside for a moment."<br />
<br />
他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听见屋里在争论。<br />
<br />
He left the classroom and stood in the corridor, feeling relieved and comfortable. The corridor was only one door away from the classroom, and he heard an argument in the room.<br />
<br />
有人说:“够了……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "That's enough…”<br />
<br />
有人说:“还不够……”<br />
<br />
Someone said: "Not enough...”<br />
<br />
有人说:“态度还好……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "The attitude is not bad…"<br />
<br />
他的好友在替他争辩,另一些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
<br />
His best friends were arguing for him, and others were insisting on something, which sounded interesting. Then there was silence… Then, he was called back to the classroom.<br />
<br />
“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, after research, you've been classified as a 'rightist'!"<br />
<br />
政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色——红与黑。点朱泼墨,二者居其一,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不同,观点对立,照样用黑笔一勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
<br />
The oil painting box of the political movement had only two colors--red and black, which was different from the oil painting box of the artist. The only way to choose between cinnabar and ink was to rely on fortune-telling. He and Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, were of different ages, different background colors, and opposing views, but they were both outlined by black brushs with the same destination and the painting procedures were highly simplified.<br />
<br />
晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
<br />
In the evening, he rode the bike to Baijiazhuang, where his brother Yuan Yunfu lived. He rocked back in the sofa: "I am."<br />
<br />
哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
<br />
His brother smiled and asked, "What are you?"<br />
<br />
“我是’右派’了。”<br />
<br />
"I'm a 'rightist' now."<br />
<br />
“呵?”哥哥大吃一惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
<br />
"Huh?" His brother was astonished, "What mistake did you make?"<br />
<br />
“我没犯错误。”<br />
<br />
"I didn't make a mistake."<br />
<br />
“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
<br />
"Then why are you classified as a 'rightist'?"<br />
<br />
“他们说我是,就是啰 。”<br />
<br />
"They said I am. So I am."<br />
<br />
“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
<br />
"No! No!" His brother was trembling.<br />
<br />
“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
<br />
"What’s wrong with that?" He said evenly, "I still paint, still go to school, still engage in arts."<br />
<br />
他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山造湖,兴修水库,一颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地指挥部,请求一边干活一边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人来访。<br />
<br />
He really did not know pain yet. Soon after, hundreds of thousands of people in the capital swarmed to the out to the suburbs to move mountains and create lakes and build reservoirs in the gorge of the Ming Tombs, and a naive heart was touched. He thought how good it would be to see so many people working together to do one thing. He took his oil painting box and rode more than one hundred miles by bike to the construction headquarters, asking to be able to work and spent the spare time painting. They refused, explaining that according to the regulations, they would not accept personal visits.<br />
<br />
又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他一个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
<br />
Shortly afterwards, he went into the construction site by bus with a large group of people from the Central Academy of Fine Arts. How excited he was! He did as much work alone as several men together, carrying six baskets for holding earth on one pole, and running fast on the rugged mountain road. At noon, when others took a nap, he held his painting clipboard and went to the mountain to paint under the scorching sun. Until he was exhausted and staggered back to the shed, he still didn’t feel bitter. Because it was her own choice. He was motivated by the boiling life and generously gave his energy, feeling that it was a great pleasure.<br />
<br />
可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成呵斥的嗓门,一张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了——仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
<br />
But the atmosphere in the shed had changed. The students gathered around him, pointing at him, and saying that he was disobedient, did not accept reform, and should not paint any more… He was stunned. He didn’t know that it was a criticism meeting, and he didn’t understand what they said. He only felt that familiar eyes became harsh eyes, intimate expressions became indifferent expressions, and peaceful voices became scolding voices. Their mouths were moving, and hands were shaking. Suddenly he understood--just one thing: he was different from others!<br />
<br />
他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
<br />
He opened his bloodshot eyes wide, wriggled his dry lips, and fell down with his hands on his head.<br />
<br />
过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
<br />
Because of overwork and mental simulation, he contracted serious dysentery. The illness dragged on from summer to winter, and later he was sent to an unheated hut at college.<br />
<br />
小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活 ,学校当局不再放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他才感到了痛苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出一串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
<br />
The hut was cold and damp, where dripping water could freeze. His body was hot with a high fever. College authorities no longer concerned about his condition. A year ago, he was the pride of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, who became an abandoned orphan now. He felt the pain, the pain of being strangled in art, exceeding the physical pain, like being pushed into a terrible hell. No! In the spiritual realm of art, there was only heaven, not hell. He was forced to learn to be inferior, but he could never learn it. In a coma, cluttered thoughts were flashing, as if he was flying after the seagulls, and dancing with the Goddess of the Luo River. He tossed and turned and struggled, with a series of moans, as if not willing to sink, but to climb out of the dark hell…<br />
<br />
屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
<br />
A faint white light came through the door and he heard the sound of footsteps. Looking there attentively, he found that his friend stood in front of the bed, casting sympathetic and concerned eyes at him.<br />
<br />
他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是一种负担。我需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
<br />
He sat up quickly: "Please don't come to see me again. I understand that it is a burden for others to be close to me. I need friendship, but not pity. What I need now is solitude, solitude, let me be alone!"<br />
<br />
新月<br />
<br />
The Crescent Moon<br />
<br />
夕阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野 闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对青年男女。<br />
<br />
The setting sun cast a golden glow on Huqiu and fell on the other side of the hill. The clear and quiet lights shimmered on the hill, which was connected to the transparent dusk, reflecting the stately profile of the millennium pagoda, like a contemplative old man overlooking a young couple in the hill.<br />
<br />
这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们一页一页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像一阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只残忍的巨手一挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择 。<br />
<br />
This moment was long enough for Lanying. There were tragedies and comedies in love stories that had been passed down through the ages, attracting people to read them page by page. However, the second page of Lanying's story was unbearable. The tender feelings of a girl who was in her first love: happiness, novelty, joy… For an instant they vanished like a gust of wind, as if with the wave of a cruel hand, everything sank, everything disappeared, and a problem was put before the girl, severe, cold, and emotionless, turning the sweet assignment into a cold choice of stakes.<br />
<br />
在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的一群 ,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以“杀气腾腾”“煽风点火 ”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁愿与鬼蜮联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
<br />
In those years, in this land, as long as people mentioned the "rightist", a bunch of greys flashed before their eyes, like shadows, like ghosts, as if they killed a man, commit arson, or poison something. It seemed that they were all charged with “murder”, “fanning the flames”, “drug trafficking” and so on. Their souls were sentenced to death, leaving only soulless shells of bodies. The shell, could breathe but could not speak, and must work but could not harvest. The only tolerance that society gave them was to give them more time than convicts sentenced to death, turning their shells into mud. Who would want to be married to a ghost? Who wanted to be with a zombie? Lanying faced such a choice.<br />
<br />
在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每一个姑娘都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵——询问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,工资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称一称。爱情的内容转变了,转变为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义 。<br />
<br />
In an environment where marriage and politics were tied together, every girl had to make considerations, either to enjoy honor, or to have misfortunes with her husband. <br />
Under the same dusk, how many girls in the world were considering it -- asking the man’s family background, political affiliation, education background, job, salary, rank… asking his direct value and everything indirectly translated into value, and then weighing them on the balance of love. The content of love had been transformed into the process of exchange of commodities, which gradually became common and natural.<br />
<br />
兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算 。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
<br />
Lanying had more rights to make her own decisions. She was receiving higher education. She would be a nurse in the future, whose had blood of martyrs in her veins. The organization was considering her to join the Communist Party of China. She was as proud as a daughter of an eminent family, as beautiful as Snow White… Every intersection of life would provide the green light for her. with sons from aristocratic families for her to choose and high position and great wealth to enjoy. But life seemed to play ticks on her. It was the black devil who came to her side, not the angel of love. It was not late to break off the relationship with him at once, and there was no obligation on conscience and morality.<br />
<br />
兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越 ,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气 。因此,她还不懂得利害。<br />
<br />
Lanying lost in painful thought. She was in a privileged situation and had pure experiences, remaining unspotted from the world. Therefore, she did not understand the stakes.<br />
<br />
政治运动对姑娘来说,像一场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些“右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她还时常听到这样的告诫:有才华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不断得到强化。<br />
<br />
The political movement was like a vague dream for the girl. In 1957, she was an innocent girl studying in middle school. She took part in the denunciation, with her mouth, with her pen, with her outraged feeling. The war was over before she could see the enemies clearly. She only saw the backs of the prisoners. Later, when the girl was a little older, whenever she heard that someone was a "rightist", she could not help but look at him with curiosity. She saw that most of the "rightists" were scholars, professors, artists, writers, business backbone , celebrities and so on. She also often heard the admonition: talented people often had strong personalities; people with strong personalities often suffered setbacks. The direct and converse theorem of real life had been repeated in various tones, and the girl’s impression of it was constantly reinforced.<br />
<br />
抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的嘲讽。<br />
<br />
The abstract concept of friend or foe formed a concrete conclusion in the girl's mind, which was a sad mockery of the solemn political movement.<br />
<br />
眼前的画家又是一个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离经叛道的歧路 ,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为政治问题?为什么要让一个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的才华……什么是才华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下一颗蓝色的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
<br />
The painter before her was another example. Because the painter opposed the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, he was declared to be on an unorthodox and evil path and was sentenced to death in politics. The girl could not understand why the issue of art had to be turned into a political issue? Why should a Chinese hot-blooded young man be sacrificed to a foreign altar as a lamb to be slaughtered? Wasn't it ludicrous? Such a ludicrous thing actually happened. Perhaps, it further proved that the painter was not a meek lamb, but a fearful calf, attracting jealousy from others. It further proved the painter’s courage and insight, indomitable nature and precious talent… What was talent? For the simplehearted girl, it was the light of life, the garland of youth, the transcendence of ignorance, the sublimation of knowledge. It made money and wealth eclipsed, made gain, lose, fame and bad reputation ruin and loss become a passing cloud, like a bright horizon that divided the clear sky and turbid earth. Foolish girls liked to adorn themselves with jewels, but noble girls were full of spiritual aspirations. She was willing to pick a blue star and set it on the heart of love... Lanying broke the silence and said to the painter in a deep voice: "Don't mention those things of your past to me again. I don't think you've made a mistake…"<br />
<br />
画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子 ,也是有限的宽恕,一切还同过去一样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "But everyone else thinks so. Even if they took the hat off, the forgiveness would be limited, and everything would be the same as before. You can't associate with people like me. You must consider the consequences."<br />
<br />
“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
<br />
"I don't care about the consequences. No matter what other people think, I trust my instincts."<br />
<br />
“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are your instincts?"<br />
<br />
“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
<br />
"My instinct is that you are talented!"<br />
<br />
这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激动的光辉:“世上有才华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
<br />
It was the highest praise for an "enemy of society”. Her tone showed a significant preference, which should bring enough relief to the painter. But the painter stood there with a stoney expression. The radiance of excitement in his gaze was worn away: "There are many talented people in the world, including glorious victors and miserable losers. Why do you prefer me? You’ll regret it in the future…"<br />
<br />
难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把才华糟蹋得像一块抹布的年月里,这句话,他不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子无才便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,才华再也不是令知识分子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
<br />
No wonder the painter reacted indifferently. It was not the first time he had heard the phrase in the years when his talent was ruined like a rag. Anyone could give it to him. Beneath the hypocritical compliment was a deliberate mockery. "A woman without talent is virtuous", now also applied to men. Even if he was trampled underfoot, mercilessly flogged, covering with cuts and bruises, they could pat him on the shoulder and told him to get up and go to work. At that time, talent was no longer a flower that made intellectuals have smug feelings, but a bitter medicine that touched their feelings of sorrow.<br />
<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
<br />
Lanying’s and the painter's eyes met. The painter's eyes, probing and frank, with a deep flame of self-esteem and some expectations, shot all the way to the girl's heart. Lanying could not resist this stare that could penetrate through everything, and her heart was shivering…<br />
<br />
兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费力气地获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被搞得阴阳颠倒！一时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到一颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙一样晶莹闪烁。<br />
<br />
Lanying suddenly remembered that it was her second meeting with the painter, in this quiet mountain forest, a secluded valley far away from the city. Wasn't today Women's Day? Ordinarily, he could easily win the girl’s heart with his gentleness and gallantry. However, he brought frustration, which couldn’t wait to broke the girl's calm. He said the truth, revealed the hidden pain, casting ominous clouds. He knew that it could cause irreversible consequences, but insisted on doing it. What exactly was it for? How upright and poised he was! Why was such a person said to be a terrible devil? The vanished soul? Life was so unfair! Honesty for disaster, cunning for glory, how much right and wrong in the world had been turned upside down! For a moment, Lanying felt that the ravine, valley and river in front of her had been filled in. Through the evening mist, she saw a sincere heart, glittering and shining like agates.<br />
<br />
兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
<br />
Lanying said excitedly, "I decided."<br />
<br />
画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "You love me?"<br />
<br />
“喜欢。”<br />
<br />
"Yes."<br />
<br />
“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
<br />
"What do I have to be loved?"<br />
<br />
“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
<br />
"Because you are honest, and love needs honesty."<br />
<br />
画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝 里滚动。<br />
<br />
The painter's whole body shocked, and he threw himself on the girl and buried his head in her arms. In one moment, the strong man turned into a child that curled up, with tears welling up in his eyes.<br />
<br />
一弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
<br />
A crescent moon rose. The ancient pagoda was solemn, and the bamboo forest whispered. The bright silver light shined on the girl, who was like a silver statue of goddess.<br />
<br />
画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
<br />
The painter was like embracing a treasure that he never wanted to lose. For many years, he lived and behaved with integrity, and infatuated with art. But no one had ever given such an evaluation on him. Today, the girl judged his conscience, filling his lonely heart with light. He was satisfied and relieved, feeling that he got the greatest reward for the hardship he had suffered for years…<br />
<br />
双桥<br />
<br />
Shuangqiao<br />
<br />
当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢——充当囚犯, 颠沛流离 ,饱尝辛酸……<br />
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Contemporary artists have great passion to pursue their own artistic styles, and those who had suffered misfortune had unique styles that could not be replaced by others. Who wants to repeat their experience--to be a prisoner, to wander, to endure all kinds of hardships…<br />
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翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
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Open Repin’s collection, and look at ''Barge Haulers on the Volga''.<br />
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我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石磙,弓着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下一闪一闪。<br />
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There is a picture similar to ''Barge Haulers on the Volga'' before us, a living picture. The sun was hot, and the air was burning. On the golden wheat field, a young man pulled a stone roller with the posture of the barge hauler on the Volga. He bowed, head down, with a rope trip on his shoulder, hands almost down to the ground. Sweat was running down his bare back, glowing and winking in the sun.<br />
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这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是最年轻的一个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石磙,一拉就是一天。<br />
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This was Shuangqiao Farm in Beijing, one of the earliest state farms, which was famous for its mechanized production. But the artists from the Central Academy of Fine Arts did the work like animal labor. Yuan Yunsheng was the youngest among more than twenty people, who volunteered to do the heaviest work. He pulled the stone roller on the wheat field all day.<br />
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二十几个人住在一间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。几年前,在他们头顶上发生的 那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成为一门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向两极。<br />
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More than twenty people lived in a large room, with shabby windows and doors, and flies and mosquitoes flying freely in and out. There were two rows of wide beds for a number of people and tables made of wooden boards in the room. The dean, professors, teaching assistants and students were equally treated here. The explosion that happened above their heads a few years ago caused different reactions in each of them. Some were silent, some were endlessly repentant, some were calm, and some were trembling, just as the mechanics of the explosion developed into a unique craft, capable of both destruction and construction, making their spiritual models distinctly polarized.<br />
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袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头一个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,一头畜力转眼间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
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When Yuan Yunsheng returned to the room from the wheat field, his first action was to fall on the drawing board by the bed. The animal became an artist with glittering eyes at once, just like the miracle of a magic show by a magician. With the drawing board under his arm, he looked for prey everywhere. He was the master of everything in the territory of visual image.<br />
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他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着他。试问 ,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展示了情景交融的空间——略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
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He doggedly innovated, of his own accord and under duress. He had to reform through labor, and made art at the same time, who needed to adapt to the new environment because he could not leisurely portray objects like oil painters. Applying the achievements of line modeling in Chinese painting to Western oil painting, which was a hazy pursuit before, now became a bright flame that attracted him strongly. Who had ever seen the existence of "line" in life? And he saw it. He observed the layers of light, analyzed the light and plane of the object, trying to grasp the moment when a plane met another plane. The changing, transitional, and wonderful division showed clear lines on the retina, which commanded the hand and pen through the processing of the brain, the exaggeration of emphasis and the appropriate deformation, drawing firm or soft lines on the sketch, as simple as Chinese paintings, as precise as Western paintings, like a Peking Opera artist on an empty stage, showing the space that feelings mingled with scenes with his nuanced hand movements, expression of eyes and body motions--a remarkable painting language that was slight but not empty, with real in its emptiness.<br />
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他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
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He figured it out. Since his paintings would never be cared again, let alone exhibited, he could let his pen draw freely. During the days in the farm, he made more than two thousand sketches with pens, brushes and pencils, far more than the number of assignments for students in fine art colleges. With heavy work and strong foundation, he went toward his goal. A large pile of sketches on his bedside was the accumulation of his faith and the ocean of spirit.<br />
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住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
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Among the people living in the same room, there was a stern elder who often watched the young painter's behaviors. He was Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy. Jiang Feng's gaze was astonished. He didn’t know his student before, but now he was touched by Yuan Yunsheng's enthusiasm for hard work and advancement.<br />
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“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去！”<br />
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"I really don't understand why the student like you should be labeled as a 'rightist'?" Jiang Feng said to Yuan Yunsheng, "Draw it. As long as you think it's right, you can draw it according to your will!"<br />
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这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
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It was the direct teaching Yuan Yunsheng heard from the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, not in the grand academy, but in the hard adversity. This teaching impressed him forever.<br />
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一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
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One day, people living in the same room held a review meeting. Some of them confessed as usual, but Jiang Feng declaimed, criticizing the proneness to boasting and exaggeration in publicity, the disconnect between economic policy and economic base, and the hazards of "Left" opportunism, just like a level-headed politician without the slightest self-consciousness of an offender. He was still him, maintaining human dignity, and exercising the rights of the brain and mouth. Yuan Yunsheng listened, filled with admiration.<br />
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散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特儿是清癯的、憔悴的,一副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出一个美的灵魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
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After the meeting, Jiang Feng read a book with his head on the desk. Yuan Yunsheng quietly picked up the drawing board and looked towards him. The model in front of him was skinny and haggard, with a contemplative look. However, in the painter's mind, a beautiful soul was reflected, as hard and transparent as diamonds. The painter used his brush to draw a portrait of him with ease and verve.<br />
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“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
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"Oh, I'm much thinner than before." Jiang Feng took the sketch and said with emotion, "Leave this painting to me. You and I have a memorable friendship…"<br />
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这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
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The sketch was paired with a frame, hanging in Jiang Feng's home for many years.<br />
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一个被撤职的党委书记,一个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
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A dismissed secretary of the Party Committee, and a young man forced to stop school. Neither of their personalities were distorted under the weight. Once the personality had overcome the ordeal, it was like cast iron. It was the same to admit it or not.<br />
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雨纷纷<br />
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The Drizzling Water <br />
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画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业分配。<br />
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The painter parted with Lanying in Suzhou and returned to Changchun. They exchanged letters from time to time. A year later, Lanying was facing job assignment after graduation.<br />
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东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降临头上。<br />
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The Northeast was very unfamiliar to Lanying. In her imagination, it was distant borderlands covered with snow and ice, a terrible place so cold that the nose, ears and chin could be frozen off. None of the students wanted to be assigned to the Northeast. They were used to the affluent conditions and warm climate of lands of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River, and the mere mention of the Northeast made their hair stand on end, as if the doom of exile had fallen on their heads. <br />
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兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
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Lanying was regardless of anything. In the girl's mind, where he was, there was spring, and there was a bonfire! She was willing to suffer cold and hunger just by his side.<br />
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当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
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When Lanying proposed to the organization of his aspiration for assignment, the other side was shocked: “Ah, you already have a boyfriend! How long have you known each other? What’s his job?"<br />
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姑娘一五一十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住 。<br />
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The girl answered one by one. She thought that it could not be hidden sooner or later.<br />
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兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象力,把故事编得像田园牧歌一样美妙——<br />
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Lanying’s story spread through the college. Oral litterateurs were not lack in imagination, and made up the story as beautiful as an idyllic pastoral --<br />
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“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
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"Hey, did you hear? Lanying asked to be assigned to Changchun."<br />
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“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
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"So far away! Why do you want to go there?"<br />
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“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子。”<br />
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"She met a boyfriend, one of the most beautiful men in Changchun."<br />
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“那个人干什么的?”<br />
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"What’s his job?"<br />
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“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
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"He's an actor at Changchun Film Studio. He acted many movies."<br />
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“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
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"Of course it is good to have an actor as boyfriend. He can go everywhere in the country. <br />
Studios are in big cities, and Lanying can be transferred to wherever she likes!"<br />
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但是,在学校的一间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
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But in a small room of the college, Lanying's head was under the weight of thousand pounds, and furious and disappointed eyes were cast at him: “You are too naïve in politics. Who is he? A ‘rightist', who is anti-Party and anti-socialist. Who are you? The descendant of revolutionary martyrs, member of the Communist Youth League, and the Party organization's development target. Won’t you feel sorry about your dead parents? And the Party?<br />
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兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了……”<br />
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Lanying argued: "His hat had been taken off…"<br />
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“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样一个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣个黑锅背一辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
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"Whether his hat had been taken off or not, it was all the same. If one has such a family, he could not shake it off. But you want to have the injustice and carry it for the rest of your life. How silly you are!"<br />
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“我乐意……”<br />
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"I don’t care…"<br />
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“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍白,四肢麻木,像是一个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
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"Don’t say any more! You are already his prisoner, standing on a cliff. You have to break off with him, and never meet him again. If he writes to you, you hand it over to the organization to deal with!" Lanying sat in a corner of the room, pale and numb, like a rebel on trial. What did she have to say? A simple-hearted girl confided in others the secret of love for the first time, who should receive happy congratulations. However, she received brutal reprimand and forced interferences, and it was useless to argue with them. She dragged herself back to the dormitory.<br />
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更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她,好像她做了什么亏心事。一颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
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What was harder to bear was the mute weight. Her classmates looked at her with scorn and whispered about her as if she had done something against conscience. A pearl once held in the palm of the hand suddenly became the object of ridicule, so that she tasted the fickleness of the world, the ups and downs of fate, and aroused a strong feeling of rebellion.<br />
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她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨——爸爸生前的战友。<br />
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She wrote a letter and sent it to an aunt in Hangzhou, a former comrade of her father.<br />
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阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
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The aunt soon sent a telegram, asking her to go to Hangzhou and talking with her face to face.<br />
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兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空一样阴郁。<br />
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When she arrived in Hangzhou, it was drizzling. The aunt took her to her residence, and was very hospitable with smile, trying to make her happy. However, Lanying's face looked sad, as gloomy as the sky.<br />
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“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说，“我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
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"What if you worry yourself into illness?” The aunt said, "Let me go out for a walk with you.”<br />
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她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
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They went to Orioles Singing in the Willows of the West Lake with a umbrella.<br />
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西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
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The West Lake was silvery gray in front of Lanying. The sky was silver, and the water was silver. The atmosphere was drifting with silver powder that looked like rain but not rain, which he could not feel, and her clothes seemed to be getting wet but not.<br />
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兰英的眉心舒展 了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
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Lanying felt more comfortable: "The scenery here is so beautiful!"<br />
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“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢，”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍一个男朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证会喜欢他……”<br />
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"It is worth coming here, right. There is another happy thing," said the aunt with a smile, "I’ll introduce to you a boyfriend. He is a member of the party and does confidential work in the army. He is handsome and you are well matched in age. I’m sure that as long as you are willing to meet him, you are going to like him…"<br />
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兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
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Lanying was on the alert at once: "Did you invite here just for this?"<br />
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阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养感情嘛……”<br />
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The aunt said: "I’m doing this for your own good. Relationship needs to be cultivated. You don’t have relationship with him now, but you can cultivate it…"<br />
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姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进一团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲径好像布满陷阱。一种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。给你!”<br />
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The girl only felt that her chest was stuffed with a mess. The beautiful scenery of the West Lake had become nasty, and the winding path under her feet seemed to be fraught with pitfalls. A feeling of being fooled came over her, and she said angrily: "I don't want to see anyone. Here you are!"<br />
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兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
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Lanying shoved the umbrella into the aunt's hand, turned and ran away through the cold rain. Behind her, the lake water lapped at the shore, making a rhythmic sound, like heaving sighs…<br />
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回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
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Back to the residence, the first thing Lanying did was to pack things, ready to return to Suzhou. The aunt came over and said calmly, "Lanying, I know your temper. Once you have decided something, no one can persuade you…"<br />
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“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
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"I appreciate that you know it." The girl said tonelessly.<br />
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“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好好谈谈吧……”<br />
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"I have only one request." said the aunt, "Since you came to Hangzhou, it does not hurt to stay one more day. Let's talk about it in the evening…"<br />
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晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
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At night, Lanying and the aunt sat face to face by lamplight.<br />
<br />
“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I trust your eyes. The person you like must be good." The aunt said calmly. “Our party implements a policy of uniting and reforming intellectuals, and people like him still have a role to play."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "I thought the same thing…"<br />
<br />
“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们一些好处。打个比喻吧,好比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那些人再好,也不能使用。你多想一想吧……”<br />
<br />
"But let me tell you more detailed information." The aunt said, "At present we do not have a team of intellectuals of our own. If we don’t rely on them, who can we rely on? If we want to use them, we have to give them some benefits. To use an analogy, it is like a jelly bean to coax children. The little sweetness will soon melt. When our own team grows up, they can’t be used any more no matter how good they are. Think more about it…”<br />
<br />
姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头一次听说,在政策的背后还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
<br />
After the girl listened to the thorough analysis, she was bewildered. She heard for the first time that there were policies behind a policy. The infinite mysteries of life were enough for her to digest slowly.<br />
<br />
这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。一个势单力孤的女子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越 ,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为一个农家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
<br />
That night, Lanying lost sleep. At the deadest time of the night, she was thinking about the painter who was far away and gradually came to realize that there were more serious obstacles between them than ice, snow, storms, mountains and rivers. A weak woman, powerless to push away the weight of society, tradition and mentality, felt that the future was infinitely uncertain. Did the girl regret having fallen in love with him? She could not find a reason to condemn herself. Their love was witnessed by the green hill and bright moon, without a trace of dust. She could only regret that she came from a privileged background and was fully favored, so that her love was also shackled. The girl would rather be reborn again for him… She fell asleep in a daze and had a sweet dream that she was transformed into a farm girl and met the painter among the white mountain and the black water. The whole world was pure as if it was covered with silver and jade… When she woke up, she found that it was just a delusional dream. The fate had been doomed, and everything was irreversible. The girl was desperate, with hot tears like a broken line of beads, from the cheeks constantly rolling down...<br />
<br />
第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看一看就会明白的。”<br />
<br />
The next day, the aunt put a magazine in front of Lanying: "This is what I found from the library, you will understand if you read it."<br />
<br />
这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到一篇文章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的一小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的题目¬¬——<br />
<br />
It was a magazine of ''Fine Arts'' published in that year. With trembling hands, Lanying opened the pages and found an article. The article criticized an oil painting by Yuan Yunsheng and included a photo of it. What was that? The painting was shrunken into a small and pitiful piece that could not be seen clearly. The girl finally found the title of the painting--<br />
<br />
水乡记忆<br />
<br />
Memory of the Water Town<br />
<br />
“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
<br />
"It’s okay. It’s okay. It would burn if you continue frying it."<br />
<br />
“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
<br />
"Be gentle, don't let others hear it."<br />
<br />
“我先尝尝——哈,又香又脆!”<br />
<br />
"Let me taste it first--ha, it’s delicious and crispy!"<br />
<br />
“放开肚皮吧 ,反正不花钱……”<br />
<br />
"Tuck in. It doesn’t cost money anyway…"<br />
<br />
袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng lying in bed, heard the laughter, the sizzle of boiling oil, and the greedy sound of chewing from next door, along with the aroma of fried oil cakes, keeping him awake at night. <br />
<br />
这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择一处乡土气息浓厚的地区深入生活 ,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓库隔壁的一间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传口号消失了,生理本能在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是一出率先占有填充材料的喜剧。<br />
<br />
This was the warehouse of the production team, located in a small town near Suzhou. <br />
Not long ago, Yuan Yunsheng returned to the Central Academy of Fine Arts from Shuangqiao Farm, and got back to Professor Dong Xiwen's studio to learn from him. The teacher suggested him to choose an area with a strong local flavor to plunge into the thick of life, collecting materials for his graduation work. He came to a town in the regions south of the Yangtze River and was assigned to a hut next to the production team's warehouse as the accommodation. It was a time of national economic hardship, and the water town, which was praised as “the earthly paradise", was also facing the threat of starvation. The fanatical slogan that was once popular disappeared and physiological instincts took effect in people, which was first shown in the town's cadres. In order to fill a few people’s bellies, they went harm to the group, compressing others’ bellies. The late-night performance was a comedy of being the first to take possession of the filling material.<br />
<br />
袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng rolled over in bed, causing a few rats to crawl out beside the pillow and hop around on him.<br />
<br />
“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
<br />
"There’s a noise!" The man next door said, "Should we ask that painter to come?"<br />
<br />
“别理他!”<br />
<br />
"Don’t mind him!"<br />
<br />
……<br />
<br />
这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预一下也无可厚非 。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
<br />
This was the material of the real life! Paint it. Since "art was subordinate to politics", there was nothing wrong with intervening such life. The painter lied in bed, his heart flowing with the feeling of concerning for the country and the people.<br />
<br />
然而,夜间的梦寐 并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
<br />
However, the dream at night did not leave the painter with a deep impression. He had his own understanding of the function of art. He came here for the pursuit of the beauty in life, and the dust of life could not cloud the artist's heart of gold. The place he went during the day gave satisfaction to his pursuit. A few weeks later, he returned to Beijing with everything that he wanted.<br />
<br />
回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,一股不可遏制的创作冲动驱使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去一个晚上的时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
<br />
One day after returning to Beijing, he leaned on his bed and thought after dinner. An uncontrollable impulse of creation drove him to pick up the brush and readily draw on the draft paper, the tip of the brush as smooth as floating clouds and flowing water. In only one night, he sketched out his graduation work.<br />
<br />
他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
<br />
He took the sketch to visit Teacher Dong Xiwen. The teacher looked at it and said: "I think it is distinctive. The workload is not small. Get on with it!"<br />
<br />
他把行李卷、画布和油彩,一股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上一摊,不分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
<br />
He moved the bedding roll, canvases and oil paints into the large warehouse of the college. This warehouse was used to store large-scale cultural relics, including a tall stone camel, an excavated stone horse and a stone tiger in front of the tomb of the Han Dynasty general Huo Qubing. The floor was covered with thick dust, and the walls were covered with cobwebs, like a gloomy old castle. He spread the bedding roll on the floor, and worked day and night. The stone tiger and horse watched a young painter working like a maniac. Two months later, Yuan Yunsheng asked someone to help him lift out a huge oil painting.<br />
<br />
这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆 》。<br />
<br />
The painting was titled ''Memory of the Water Town''.<br />
<br />
《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优 ”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的分数都不肯给。<br />
<br />
''Memory of the Water Town'' became the topic of conversation in the circle of art. The doyens of painting such as Dong Xiwen, Ye Qianyu and Huang Yongyu praised it, who argued that his graduation grade should be “excellent”. Some others shook their heads and frowned, refusing to give him even a passing grade.<br />
<br />
水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
<br />
What was the memory of the water town for the young painter?<br />
<br />
画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
<br />
In the picture is a small bridge common in Suzhou, which is the style of traditional architectural left over from the Ming Dynasty, with exquisite structure, decorated with delicate sculpted reliefs. The two sides of the bridge show the houses, streets and the lively scene of the market trading during the Spring Festival.<br />
<br />
看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。一个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开一张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。一个淳朴的小女孩刚才卖掉一只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着一桩桩美好的故事——人们在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
<br />
Look, there are people set up the stage for Beijing opera performance, there are people selling New Year's pictures, and there are people selling grain and vegetables, so lively. A beautiful country girl spreads out a newspaper at her feet and sets bunches of flowers on it, expecting people to visit. A simple little girl has just sold a lamb. Perhaps because the cute little animal was fed by her hands when growing up, she sees it being taken away, showing a look of melancholy... With the strong national style and local customs and practices, the painter drew hundreds of lifelike characters, around the stone bridge to tell good stories -- people exchanged their results of hard work a year here, and were pleased and gratified by the rich and colorful folk recreations.<br />
<br />
桥下是一泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
<br />
Under the bridge is clear, rippling and sparkling. The dark-awninged boats, small wooden boats and barges carrying purchases for the Spring Festival are so close to each other, and brush past the others. The boatmen are all humble, avoiding each other, and quickly giving the way for the neighboring boats. A young man lies leisurely on the bow of the boat, the sunlight sprinkling over his face, and thinks with a vision of the future…<br />
<br />
这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举世无双的韧性——走向明天!<br />
<br />
Weren’t the small bridge and the river the reappearance of our national features! Our nation suffered a lot, and was at a very difficult time; however, our indomitable national spirit was not destroyed by the disaster. We were strong, confident and optimistic, emphasized courtesy, and maintained the great dignity, with a slow rhythm, calm pace, and resilience that was unparalleled in the world--towards tomorrow!<br />
<br />
谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
<br />
Who could have guessed that the original idea of this painting was conceived in that hut in the water town, that shady with mice hopping around, adjacent to the evil. What a contrast between the hard work of the people, the innocence of the painter, and the greed, selfishness and deceit just a wall away! The painter brushed away the shadows of life, and used painting language to express his deep love for his country and people with good wishes. This was the self-analysis of the painter's mind and character!<br />
<br />
当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩 ,年画的敦厚朴实和壁画的装饰趣味。<br />
<br />
When ''Memory of the Water Town'' was put on public display, hanging in the auditorium of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, the response from the audience was enthusiastic. Some people left comments, some took pictures, and some copied it. Just in terms of its innovation in artistic style, people were amazed by it. The author put aside the "three unities" of plot devices of Western oil painting and the traditional perspective rules, and adopted the ingenious technique of cavalier perspective of Chinese painting, so as to make the independent stories on the picture blend together. When portraying the characters, the author masterly used the tools of Western oil painting, boldly used line modeling, and absorbed the exaggeration of ancient art of pottery figurine to depict images of the figures with different expressions. The painting had the splendor and magnificence of oil painting, the exact delineation and heavy colors of Chinese painting, the sincerity and simplicity of New Year’s picture and the decorative interest of fresco. <br />
<br />
把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为一炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿了吧！<br />
<br />
It was the author's dream to integrate the ancient and modern, Chinese and Western painting arts into one. His dream should come true!<br />
<br />
但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
<br />
However, the fate of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was suddenly reversed, which was taken off the wall of the exhibition hall and thrown into the garbage dump where scraps were stored. Later, a young man who loved table tennis found its value and dragged it behind the table to use it as a baffle to block the ball. Later, a student from the art history department felt bad for it and secretly cut it down with a scissor, folded it up, and pressed it under the bed in the dormitory. However, the college reported it to the police in panic, bringing in the comrades in the department of public safety to enter the college to reconnoiter, as if searching for an indecent prohibited thing. Finally, the enthusiastic collector had to hand it over, and the campus loudspeaker immediately broadcasted that it was "another victory in paying great attention to class struggle".<br />
<br />
离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着一堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的路口只亮着一盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
<br />
Was it bizarre? Not really. The climate was changing, three years of hardship passed, the fairs trade in the countryside was banned, and the days of hunger were forgotten. Today's politics made new requirements on yesterday's art, and it was time for the painter to be spanked. The author of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was faced with lots of questions that he could never answered: Why didn't you paint a tractor? Why didn't you paint the wheat field with a good harvest? Why didn't paint… Among all the criticisms, no one had ever accused him of not painting the scene next door at that night, though such phenomena were a well-known fact. There was only one green light at the intersection of literary criticism: turning left. The artist who stayed true to the art went straight ahead and was denounced as being too "right".<br />
<br />
中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出作者的艺术才能。”<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, once said with emotion: "If this painting had not damaged, and had been put on display, I can predict that the audience would have rehabilitated him. Even in this tentative work, we can see the artistic talent of the author."<br />
<br />
只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世——其中也包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, the remains of the painting couldn’t be found. The only memorial it had left was a pathetically small picture, accompanied by a critical article that sounded plausible, published in a corner of ''Fine Arts''. The painter should feel honored that it was the first time his work had been made into a zincograph, and printed, spreading around the world--including the one in front of Lanying.<br />
<br />
月台边<br />
<br />
At the Edge of the Platform<br />
<br />
兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
<br />
The second morning Lanying spent in Hangzhou was the most painful time for her.<br />
<br />
阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子 ,还会累及子女。<br />
<br />
The aunt stood beside her as her guardian, and pointed to the magazine as if she had found a powerful proof. The aunt said that a man like Yuan Yunsheng would not correct his mistake, and others would not tolerate him. It would be a lifelong mistake to combine with him, never seeing the light in the future and implicating the children.<br />
<br />
那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘与画家结合 的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
<br />
The magazine did not frighten the girl’s love away, but made her feel the seriousness of the problem. It seemed that it was not only the aunt, the college, but also the whole society that prevented her from being bound with the painter. It seemed that everyone except the girl were cursing him and splashing dirty water on the painter. Did the girl still have the courage to go towards him? Talking about the future children, those innocent babies that would follow the adults and spend the whole life in the mud, Lanying's heart was softened.<br />
<br />
这是一场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
<br />
It was an irresistible spiritual siege. Lanying hunched over the table and burst into tears…<br />
<br />
阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效力,递过一支笔、一张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
<br />
Seeing the effect of her good intention, the aunt handed over a pen and a piece of paper: "Writing him a letter and making it clear, you’ll feel comfortable. If he really loves you, he will not give you trouble again…"<br />
<br />
兰英接过纸笔。<br />
<br />
Lanying took the paper and pen.<br />
<br />
她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家能够得到另一个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后一个字,信纸上满是斑斑泪痕。<br />
<br />
She wrote a very firm statement, cutting off communication with the painter, and didn’t explain anything. She took the responsibility, saying that she was willing to pay the lifelong price for her impulse and would never get married again. In her letter, she wished the painter to get another girl who would love him as much as she did… When she finished the letter, it was blotted with tears.<br />
<br />
阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
<br />
The aunt took it over to have a look and sighed: "Look, the handwriting was wet with tears. It’ll make him suspect that you are not really want to break up with him ......"<br />
<br />
“本来就是被迫的！”兰英没好气地说。<br />
<br />
"It was forced!" Lanying said angrily.<br />
<br />
阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
<br />
The aunt finally got the written pledge and was relieved, sealing the envelope with her own hands, sticking a stamp on it, and taking it to the post office.<br />
<br />
兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将把信撕得粉碎,一赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下 ,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净……<br />
<br />
Lanying returned to Suzhou from Hangzhou, and felt every day like a year, repeatedly imagining the painter's reaction. The painter would be furious, wouldn’t he? Lanying really did not want to add a new scar to the painter's heart, which had been badly wounded, so she did not write irritating words in the letter. But the painter would understand the reason for the change. The letter had already constituted a contempt and insult to him. Would he rip it up and decide not to write back in a fit of anger? Or would he bow to his fate and fall into a depression? Or, the girl's worries were superfluous. Men were men, who were easy come and easy go. He would wipe the girl out of his memory, completely forgetting her.<br />
<br />
兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
<br />
The last thing that Lanying wanted to happen was the latter situation.<br />
<br />
画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
<br />
The painter wrote back with stiff words. He agreed to break up, without a hint of a pleading tone, with only one last condition, asking Lanying to come to Changchun and explain the reason face to face.<br />
<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
<br />
Like hearing an echo from an empty valley, Lanying ran into the college office clasping the letter.<br />
<br />
姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
<br />
The girl placed the letter on the table and said: "Please allow me to go to Changchun."<br />
<br />
对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
<br />
After reading the painter's letter, the other party looked up and asked, "Is this the last meeting?"<br />
<br />
“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
<br />
"Yes." The girl said, "We're very determined."<br />
<br />
学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
<br />
The college could not say the reason for refusing the girl and let her go. On the day of the girl’s departure, the school made a long-distance call to Changchun, asking the painter's unit to cooperate and pay attention to the actions of Lanying and the painter, promoting both sides to break off the relationship.<br />
<br />
火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人头攒动的月台上,她一眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
<br />
The train was flying along, the vast fields passing outside the window. The girl was anxious. She was longing for the scenery of the Northeast in her dream before, but this journey didn’t leave any impression on her. She only remembered the moment the train arrived in Changchun, when she saw the painter with a pale face at a glance on the crowded platform.<br />
<br />
兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
<br />
When Lanying stepped out of the train, the painter was coming up. He still held the sketchbook in his hand, pretending to be calm. However, his tired and dark look, holding back great pain, could not escape the girl's keen eyes. It was exactly what the girl hoped to see, and a thrill of joy rose in her heart. <br />
<br />
画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
<br />
The painter stopped at the edge of the platform, keeping a few steps from the girl.<br />
<br />
“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
<br />
"Please answer now," the painter's voice was like the low roar of a wild animal, "why do you change your mind? Why do you bend to the will of others?"<br />
<br />
姑娘把旅行袋往前一递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听懂是什么意思。<br />
<br />
The girl handed her travel bag forward: "Do you think I come to Changchun to negotiate with you?" The painter was stunned, not understanding what it meant.<br />
<br />
“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑一趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
<br />
"You fool! If I want to break up with you, do I need to come all the way here?" The girl smiled sweetly, "There is a long way to go, and you need to be tested!"<br />
<br />
明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解——那些无尽无休的劝说、挑唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
<br />
The bright sunlight returned to the painter's face. He even forgot to pick up the girl's bag, and was so excited that he didn’t know what to do. The girl dodged back a little, really afraid that the guy who lost his mind in front of him would throw himself into her arms in full view of a large crowd with no regard for the customs of the country… The consensus reached at the Changchun negotiation--those endless persuasion, instigation and restraint was really tiresome that decisive actions had to be taken to get rid of it.<br />
<br />
兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同财产,是一条印花双人床单。在一间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
<br />
Lanying and the painter married in the summer vocation after graduation. The wedding was held in Changchun, without relatives officiating, and classmates congratulating. The only gift they received was a blouse given by Yuan Yunfu to his sister-in-law; the new common property was a printed double bed sheet. In a temporary borrowed hut, they performed a solemn ceremony of life. Lanying spent her honeymoon in disassembling and washing the bedding for the former bachelor. The short honeymoon ended as Lanying's reporting date approached.<br />
<br />
人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
<br />
The Queen Mother of the world was not willing to give in after all, and deliberately laid a galaxy between them.<br />
<br />
兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽容——除了东北三省之外,其他任何一个城市都行。实心眼儿的 姑娘把手指放在地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
<br />
Lanying's place of work was chosen from the map. When she was assigned after graduation, the college gave her lenient conditions--any city except the three provinces of the northeast. The honest girl put her finger on the map and found the nearest place to the Northeast along the railway line. Her finger crossed Beijing, Tianjin, and rested on a small circle south of Shanhaiguan: Tangshan. She thought that it was the ideal crossing of the Milky Way on earth.<br />
<br />
她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着一块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生活无法自理。直到这时,她才感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
<br />
Not long after she arrived in Tangshan, she was caught in the "unprecedented" storm. With marches, rebellions, and two factions fighting with each other with machetes and spears, the whole city fell into a primitive tribal strife. Lanying was alone and lived in the uncertainty in troubled times. The annual visits to her husband comforted her a little in spirit. Later, she was pregnant. The overwork and poor living conditions caused Lanying to suffer from lumbar spine strain. Her back was like carrying a heavy iron plate, and she couldn’t roll over in bed. There was no one to make fires in the house, and the flimsy door and windows could not withstand the cold wind. Lumbar disease made her stiff and unable to take care of herself. By this time, she felt that she needed her husband by her side so much…<br />
<br />
画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到一份工作,又赶到唐山,好不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户口的证件。至此,他们已经两地分居六年了。<br />
<br />
The painter went around and asked, and finally found a job for his wife in a hospital in Changchun, and then rushed to Tangshan. With difficulty he passed many hurdles and got the documents to switch his wife’s job and transfer her registered permanent residence. So far, they had been living apart for six years.<br />
<br />
兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西——优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。耿耿 银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
<br />
When Lanying sat on the train, the platform in Changchun moving in front of her eyes again, she could not help but have mixed feelings. For six years, she lost a lot of things out of her own volition--a bright future in politics, a beautiful youth and excellent conditions. The corners of her pretty eyes were covered with worry lines, and her beautiful cheeks became sallow with a gaunt appearance. She paid a huge price for the ordinary life of ordinary people, and a charge of "the family member of a rightist whose hat was taken off”. The Milky Way was in front of her, and there were the same strict rituals in heaven and on earth. <br />
<br />
陋室铭<br />
<br />
The Humble Room<br />
<br />
破木桌上摊开一张纸片,一只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
<br />
A piece of paper was spread out on the broken wooden table, and a small hand holding the brush, applied watercolor to the paper. Round, square and irregular blocks of color appeared under the brush, representing different still life: the round one was a washtub, the square one was an old wooden box, and the irregular one was a diaper on a clothesline…<br />
<br />
这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
<br />
It was the artist's son sketching. He was born in Changchun, and no matter how difficult the path of his parents' life was, he grew up according to the laws of nature, until he was old enough to grasp a brush with his little hand. <br />
<br />
小屋只有14平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, 一排大连铺占去三分之二的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
<br />
The house was only 14 square meters. A little sister added to the family, and four of them were crammed into a small space, with a large bed taking up two thirds of the area. The broken wooden table in front of the window was the dad's workbench at ordinary times, and the son's bed at night. The rest of the space was for cooking and washing clothes, and there was no extra space.<br />
<br />
眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
<br />
The artist's son had painted the scene in front of him more than once, which was his first subject of contact with life. This lovely third generation in new China repeatedly painted with the most beautiful colors in his young mind, and had accumulated dozens of sketches. Whenever the neighbors came to visit, he would take out his works and show them off in front of them. However, the comments he heard were very disappointing: "Alas, Lanying, why does your precious son only paint the slums?"<br />
<br />
兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
<br />
Lanying gave a wry smile. What could she say? All her son painted were things in her house.<br />
<br />
兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头一样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
<br />
After Lanying moved to Changchun, she took on heavy housework and lived a hard life. She was used to eating ready-made meals in the canteen before, and never cooked; by this time, she was distressed to find that it was more difficult to steam the corn cake without turning souring than to perform a surgical operation in the hospital. For a long time, the steamed corn cakes, steamed bread of corn and steamed buns that the whole family ate were unbearably sour and hard like stones. The children still gobbled them up as if they natively tasted like that.<br />
<br />
家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱一个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭 。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
<br />
The family's finances were tight. The total income of two college graduates could not keep up with the increase of family members and the rise of commodity prices. The son was lucky enough to eat cake for a few days when he was a child. When it was the daughter's turn, the parents could no longer afford to buy cakes, so they had to buy the bread that was a dime per piece to give the children a treat. Later, the parents brought home discounted black bread. Even so, the children were so happy, smiling from ear to ear.<br />
<br />
他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
<br />
They pinched and scraped, but still spent more than their income. At the end of every month, Lanying and the painter would empty out their pockets face to face.<br />
<br />
“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, we haven't bought the meat for this month yet." Lanying said.<br />
<br />
“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
<br />
"Let’s buy it." The painter said, "It's Sunday. It’s time to improve a meal."<br />
<br />
妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服口袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
<br />
The wife had been penniless for a while. The painter turned his pockets inside out to scrap up enough money to buy a catty of meat.<br />
<br />
儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
<br />
The son, who had already prepared a small snow sled and waited there, took the money and ran away with joy.<br />
<br />
过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
<br />
After a while, the son's cheer came from the door: "Come on, the meat is bought back!"<br />
<br />
画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
<br />
The painter and his wife ran out to greet it, but they were stunned: "Where's the meat?"<br />
<br />
儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚才他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤肉颠得没影了……<br />
<br />
My son looked back and saw that the snow sled was empty. He was too happy and run too fast, the catty of meat tossed away…<br />
<br />
“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
<br />
As the "buyer" had never failed in his duty, he became downhearted this time. The painter and Lanying had to comfort their son, holding his embarrassed little face and laughing.<br />
<br />
儿子也笑了。一场精神上的欢笑 代替了假日的会餐。<br />
<br />
The son laughed too. A time of mirth in spirit replaced the holiday meal.<br />
<br />
在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, the so-called "spiritual aristocrats" were finding jobs for themselves. Some decorated the facade of restaurants and hotels, painting some pictures to exchange bottles of wine and whole cases of fish. Some were busy with their household sidelines, producing modern furniture by hand. Others worked as art tutors, and if the students they taught had good backgrounds, their situations would soon be improved. But Yuan Yunsheng did not get any "extra money" and did not look for a way out. He was very busy. He worked during the day, honestly completing the tasks given to him and trying not to be faulted; after he came back home at night, he indulged in painting, steeping himself in his beloved art, and didn’t have time to do the housework.<br />
<br />
在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似的想点办法?”<br />
<br />
At the most difficult time for the family, Lanying said to Yunsheng in a tentative tone, "Could you think of some ways likeq others?"<br />
<br />
“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
<br />
"Think of what?" The painter asked in amazement.<br />
<br />
“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合过得去……”<br />
<br />
"I don't ask for anything more." The wife said, "I mean, if possible, to make life at home barely get by..."<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head: "There is a way. But that would wreck my art!"<br />
<br />
妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题一搁,永远不再提起。<br />
<br />
The wife knew the weight of the word "art" in her husband's heart. The subject was put aside, and never mentioned again.<br />
<br />
兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥一顿饱一顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣服洗一洗吧。”<br />
<br />
Lanying was sick from exhaustion, tortured by the pain of lumbar spine strain, and sometimes had to stay in bed. Whenever it happened, the sky of the family collapsed and everything was in chaos. The whole family ate erratically; when the children's clothes were dirty, they didn’t have others to change; the sheets were splattered with the painter's oil, like a canvas of an abstract painter... As a medical worker, Lanying had minimum requirements for sanitation. She could not tolerate it anymore, lying in bed and commending the painter: "Wash the sheets and clothes today."<br />
<br />
“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干一场。<br />
<br />
"Okay." The husband obediently put down the brush and rolled up his sleeves as if he was about to get some things done.<br />
<br />
他把床单和衣服泡了满满一盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他一忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;一忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
<br />
He soaked a full tub of sheets and clothes. As he washed, his hands on the washboard slowed down, and his eyes rested on the opposite wall. There hung a new painting, with the oil not yet dry. One minute he tilted his head sideways, looking pleased with himself; the next he frowned, as if he had found something unsatisfactory.<br />
<br />
他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
<br />
He stood up sharply, wiped his soapy hands on his breast, took a brush, and jumped on the bench, making some changes on the painting.<br />
<br />
兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过一丝苦笑。<br />
<br />
Lanying lay on the bed, with a wry smile flitting across the corner of his mouth.<br />
<br />
画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
<br />
The painter jumped off the bench and went back to the washtub. After a while, he couldn't help looking up at the wall again...<br />
<br />
一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,一共跳了多少次?”<br />
<br />
The day passed. He finally finished washing a tub of clothes, taking more than seven hours on it, and did not have time to cook. The whole family was hungry. Lanying, angry and amused, asked humorously, "Hey, how many times did you jump up and down from the bench?"<br />
<br />
画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
<br />
The painter shook his head blankly.<br />
<br />
兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪——整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
<br />
Lanying said: "You do not remember. I counted it for you--twenty times! Oh, what am I gonna do about you? When doing housework, you are lazy than anyone; when picking up the brush, you are diligent than anyone..."<br />
<br />
天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入睡;儿子一沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另一只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
<br />
It was dark, and snow fell heavily outside the window, like tearing the cotton wool. Lanying, looking at the ceiling, wasn’t able to sleep; as soon as her son touched the pillow, he fell into a sound and sweet sleep. In the other corner of the hut, under the dim light, the painter was rocking his daughter with one hand, while the other hand was holding a brush and painting. He hummed an improvised lullaby, the song echoing softly in the hut...<br />
<br />
漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
<br />
They spent many nights like this in the long winter.<br />
<br />
兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为一个正直的画家的妻子的全部甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
<br />
The husband’s humming rang in Lanying’s ears, and she silently sank in thought. When she first fell in love with him, she admired his integrity and loyalty to art. Now, she had experienced all the joys and sorrows of being the wife of an upright painter. He was content with being poor and lonely. He didn’t have a normal family life, couldn’t see the light at the end of the tunnel, only asking for the work, not the harvest... Who but his wife really understood him? He not only was not understood by the society, but he was also identified as a bad man, sticks always waving above his head. Whenever thinking of these, the pain of the poor couple's disharmony dissipated, and the wife's heart turned into a spring water, full of female tenderness.<br />
<br />
她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
<br />
She thought, if two people shared the housework, they would get nothing done. Even if she had a terrible backache tomorrow, she had to bite the bullet and get up, bearing the heavy load of housework...<br />
<br />
车轮下<br />
<br />
Under the Wheels<br />
<br />
袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng slept late at night and when he rubbed his eyes the next morning, it was already broad daylight outside the window. "Shit!" He dressed frantically, "I'll be late again..."<br />
<br />
兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为一家人做早饭。<br />
<br />
Lanying had already got up, enduring the back pain, and was making breakfast for the family.<br />
<br />
画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
<br />
The painter asked in amazement, "Who told you to get up? You are not well yet!"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺一躺。”画家匆匆吃过早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
<br />
Lanying said, "It's nothing, I'm still on sick leave anyway. I can still lie down after you leave." The painter hurriedly ate the breakfast, pushed the bicycle and rushed out the door.<br />
<br />
在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过一场大雪,北风一刮,马路上结着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, it was the season that dripping water turned into ice and the breath from the mouth immediately turned to frost. After a heavy snowfall, and when the north wind blew, the roads were thick with ice. The trees on the roadside were covered with silver flowers, and the buildings shone with a dazzling silver glow like a richly decorated jade palace.<br />
<br />
画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命 的时刻。<br />
<br />
The painter was very anxious. Early in the morning, for others was the beginning of the day's work, but for him was the continuation of the night's work. The turn of day and night was the moment when he was busy running around and exhausted.<br />
<br />
人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
<br />
How many ordeals there were in life! Social, natural and accidental...<br />
<br />
穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽听一阵隆隆的马达声。一辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
<br />
Through a street, there was a busy intersection ahead, cars running like tide. He rode forward cautiously, and suddenly heard a rumble of motors. A reckless truck crossed the intersection, refusing to slow down, as if there was no one else here. <br />
With fast speed, slippery ground, and without preparation, the painter had been too late to dodge it. A crush with a sound of bang, the painter flew far away with the car and fell to the ground. Just then, another truck came from the opposite side, and the painter was passed under the wheels of the truck like a ball...<br />
<br />
街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
<br />
When the people in the street saw this scene of tragedy, they screamed and froze there.<br />
<br />
卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
<br />
The truck driver lost his composure, forgetting to brake in the panic, and putting his right foot on the accelerator and drove on. The truck's big wheels ran over the bicycle, the steel frame uttered a short groan, and the bicycle seat was crushed into a ball. The truck kept going towards the painter.<br />
<br />
这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸口一轧,就算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
<br />
It was a moment of pain, a moment of approaching death. It was over. As soon as the car rolled over his chest, his life was over. He had suffered repeatedly on the road of life, and had never been willing to give in to the fate, but this time it was afraid that he would not be able to escape. He left his beloved art, his wife and children, and died meaninglessly...<br />
<br />
按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同情——预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头——抗争！<br />
<br />
According to Goethe, people could only have three feelings about their own sufferings and that of others: fear, terror and sympathy--the anxiety of foreseeing the coming catastrophe, the unexpected discovery of current suffering and the sympathy for the suffering of the time or the past. However, the painter, who fell under the wheel, had none of these three feelings in the hazy consciousness that flashed through his mind. Even at such a moment, he showed his stubborn character, and had only one strong thought--to struggle!<br />
<br />
接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
<br />
What happened next was unbelievable to the startled roadside pedestrians. They saw the body that fell under the truck suddenly straightened up, stretching out a pair of arms, and clinging to the front bumper of the truck. The truck roared and shook, as if to destroy the barrier; the person under the wheels struggled, slide, and refused to give up. People in the streets of Changchun saw a scene of flesh and blood stubbornly fighting with the steel monster.<br />
<br />
“千万不能倒下！”画家想,“一倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
<br />
"I must not fall down!" The painter thought, "If I fall down, I'll never get up again..."<br />
<br />
卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
<br />
The truck dragged the painter along the icy road, for 5 meters, 10 meters... Until the driver regained his normal reflexes, he hit the brake, overcoming the car's inertia.<br />
<br />
画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
<br />
The painter was injured seriously and his clothes were torn into ragged strips. He was taken to the hospital.<br />
<br />
抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天才清醒过来。<br />
<br />
When Lanying, who was sick at home, heard the news, there was a buzz in her head, and she felt that the sky was spinning, and her legs went limp. It took her a long time to awake.<br />
<br />
兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾一切地赶到医院。存车的时候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙怎么也拔不出来。<br />
<br />
Lanying got on her bicycle and, not knowing where she got the strength, she rushed to the hospital regardless. When she stored the car, she lost the strength again. She could hardly look at the hospital door, her hands were shaking, and she could not pull the key out.<br />
<br />
存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚才进医院的时候,自己还能走路。”<br />
<br />
The old lady at the parking lots recognized Lanying: "You are Yuan's lover, right? Don't be afraid. He just walked into the hospital by himself."<br />
<br />
兰英这才觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
<br />
Lanying felt relieved now.<br />
<br />
兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫妻双双躺在床上。<br />
<br />
Lanying took her husband home to recover from his injuries. After this mental stimulation, the sick wife’s body was more heavy. Both the couple lay in bed.<br />
<br />
孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和女儿一人捧回一包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
<br />
The child was left unattended. Lanying took out a few cents and asked children to buy food. After a while, the son and daughter each brought back a packet of cookies, standing by the bed with tears in their eyes.<br />
<br />
儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
<br />
The son said, "Dad, eat this."<br />
<br />
女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
<br />
The daughter said, "Daddy, eat mine."<br />
<br />
兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿......<br />
<br />
Lanying took the children into her arms, wiping away the tears on their little faces for both of them. The children understood the family situation and tasted the desolation and fears of life too soon. Lanying only regrated that she couldn’t have more money to give her husband and children a little spiritual and physical compensation...<br />
<br />
画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰问。他们留下一百块钱赔偿经济损失——画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
<br />
While the painter was recovering from his injuries, the driver who caused the accident and the head of his unit came to his house to apologize and express the sympathy. They left a hundred yuan to compensate for the economic loss--the painter's clothes, bicycle and medical expenses.<br />
<br />
客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
<br />
After the guests left, the painter sat on the bed, deep in thought.<br />
<br />
兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看一眼也令人伤心。<br />
<br />
Lanying looked at the pile of money and sighed sadly. Because her husband got it by escaping from death, she was sad even by glancing at it.<br />
<br />
画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
<br />
The painter suddenly got out of bed and paced around the house.<br />
<br />
“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, are you crazy?" His wife said with the tone of blame, "Your leg is not yet healed. Back to bed!"<br />
<br />
画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民——我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去！”<br />
<br />
The painter walked up to his wife, his eyes shining with excitement, "Look, I can walk! You know, I haven't gone out to paint for a long time, because I don't have that condition. How I long for the grassland in northern Shaanxi, the rushing Yellow River, and the people there--I'll take this money and go to Yan'an to paint from life!"<br />
<br />
这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是一个贫病交困的人的最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对一些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那样遥远,拼着性命才能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
<br />
This was the voice in the heart of the artist who just got up from under the wheel! This was the highest hope of a poor and sick man! His request was so limited, which didn’t matter to some people, but was so far away for him, who needed to fight for it with his life. Lanying felt like her chest was hit hard, with her heart burning, and ran out of words. She looked at her husband's sincere face, and understood it. Now that it could bring joy and satisfaction to him who longed to paint, then let him go.<br />
<br />
数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
<br />
A few days later, Yuan Yunsheng, dragging his unhealed body, carrying a heavy pack and painting tools, set off on a snowy and windy road with his wife's affectionate gaze...<br />
<br />
袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
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Yuan Yunsheng went through difficulties in the trip to northern Shaanxi. As months went by, his face was engraved with the marks of the plateau sun and sandstorms, and he returned home with his bag full of sketches.<br />
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袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,一举一动都受到街道居委会的监视。<br />
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When Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing, he went to see Jiang Feng. At that time, the air in Beijing was suffocating. Jiang Feng was over 60 years old, whose situation was even worse than before. He lived alone in a messy compound, and his every move was monitored by the street committee.<br />
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袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没有什么值得高兴的——中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路线走一遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
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Yuan Yunsheng sat in front of the past the secretary of the Party Committee, bringing recent news of the old areas of northern Shaanxi. The news was nothing to cheer about--the People's Republic of China had been founded for more than twenty years, and everywhere he went along the route the Red Army’s strategic shift, the people were still living in poverty. The young painter declaimed against the country’s failings, but suddenly thought that the walls have ears, and worried about the situation of the old man, so he dropped the subject and quietly looked at Jiang Feng.<br />
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江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上挂着一幅画框,嵌着一张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
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Jiang Feng listened peacefully, looking calm, and had not intention of stopping him. On the wall behind him hung a framed sketch, which was exactly the one that Yuan Yunsheng painted for Jiang Feng in the Shuangqiao farm ten years ago. The old man maintained his inherent dignity as usual, and was a true tough man. Yuan Yunsheng experienced once again the spiritual power that calmed people down.<br />
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袁运生打开画夹,把一组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
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Yuan Yunsheng opened the portfolio and placed a group of sketches of people in northern Shaanxi in front of Jiang Feng, including a shepherd with a wrinkled face, a young people with a cold gaze showing distain for everything, and a rural girl with her head bowed in contemplation... These characters were real and simple, with distinctive characters, and the unprovoked, unintelligible or artificial smiles that often appeared in general paintings could not be found on their faces. He painted the unique temperament of the people in northern Shaanxi.<br />
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“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
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"No one will publish theses pictures if you take them out now." Jiang Feng said, "Maybe if you lose sincerity, you will get praise. But I think you are on the right way. The artist can't cater to the mass!"<br />
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袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨 的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风 中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手ー丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
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画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于!974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白 描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
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江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他 说:“呵,黄河! ー泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声 音……"<br />
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春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了 !<br />
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担担画<br />
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“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
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美术界ー些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头 角,施展オ华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任 河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各 种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是ー个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。 这个磨砺精深的艺术家,就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
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乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
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在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现 了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,ー头不驯服的长发 如垂下万根烦恼丝。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁 了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
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他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
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兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
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兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议 事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就 是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
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1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机 会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
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他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了 妻子,全家人像过节ー样快乐<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
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“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
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女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
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“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
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他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
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兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
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丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注ー掷了 !”<br />
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是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举 动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一 个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使ー颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴ー样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
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晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,ー针针,ー线线,直缝到天 色薄明。<br />
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“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
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“三个月吧。”画家说,“你ー个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
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妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
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这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府一景洪。他被西双版纳惊 人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林 绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水 晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁 着珠光宝气。<br />
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有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天 堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾 洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
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他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地。招待所的服务人员很 有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进ー间中等客房。<br />
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画家开ロ就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
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服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
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“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
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“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
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“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
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他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下ー步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各<br />
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的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
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幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出 的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
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云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族 的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
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好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的 背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有!40多斤重。小伙子看了直 抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
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袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
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瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
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奏鸣曲<br />
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瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
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呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
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那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝ー样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
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就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
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西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰 富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住 兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在ー棵树 前,一画就是一整天。<br />
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“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
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“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古 老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
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袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。 每ー笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家 的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小 虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理 昧 <br />
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中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来オ深有感 受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
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画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在ー起的<br />
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他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情 而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
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每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。 晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛 着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗 条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
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“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银 铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她 们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露ー截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使 她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后ー盘,自然地溜向ー 边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
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少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来ー阵阵悠扬 的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在 纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
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诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就 在苦苦思索ー个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
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美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出 你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
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面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我 感受却不尽相同。ー百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,ー百种不同的表现方法。<br />
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艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。<br />
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从夏末到中秋,他在ー串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勧定的一个偏僻的 小村寨。<br />
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这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上 开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本 寨的荣耀。<br />
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同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无カ同病魔 斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是 “鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者ー商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那<br />
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些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
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“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的ー 瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精 粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的 请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起 画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
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小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的 经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂 痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在ー起进餐,然后由男方挑着担 子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱 护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像ー泓溪 水那样清澈。<br />
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一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清 脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的 手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
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这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在 古老的贝叶经里的传说一从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘 据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑 娘们生出ー计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头ー沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒 醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。 一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使 自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
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晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这 万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
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广为流传的神话传说,往往是ー个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到 的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑 海里汇集,逐渐熔化为ー团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳 美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地 多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西 双版纳。这是ー个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、 秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条一单纯与丰富高度和谐地统ー!<br />
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他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的 独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。 那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的ー组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
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昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘 绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
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公主啊!<br />
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你是ー颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
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但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
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把宝石镶在我的心上 <br />
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他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
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二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
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袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
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兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心 开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画 不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
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画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失 火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
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其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们 忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
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画家在长春的ー个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁 愕然了。<br />
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这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰 英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出ー个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗 震棚挪动着……<br />
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显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的 艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
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朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那<br />
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位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道<br />
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壁画之梦 <br />
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The Dream of Murals<br />
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不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。 <br />
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At some point, through the glass window covered with ice flowers, a hazy blue light came in, like a fairy stretching out her white arms and lifting the veil as soft as a dream.<br />
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屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀一样扑朔不定。 <br />
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The room seemed bright and dim, with faint yellow glow of the electric light and murky air around, and the glow fluttered in a haze of smoke like wings.<br />
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他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。 <br />
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He wagged his head vigorously, and rubbed his eyes. The paintings on the table turned into a white mist, rising and spreading. Everything was blurred.<br />
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他搞不清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里…… <br />
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He didn’t know whether he was awake at the moment, or vaguely in a dream...<br />
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昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。一抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从梦境回到了现实的世界。 <br />
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Last night he slept too late and smoked too much. Or rather, he didn't sleep, just lying next to the messy paintings and ashtray full of cigarette butts on the table for a while. When he looked up, it was dawn. The first ray of morning sunlight caressed the buildings in the suburbs of Beijing. He pushed the window open, and let the cold morning breeze chase away the fatigue of the night. He went back from the dream to the real world.<br />
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这是1979年1月,在北京白家庄。 <br />
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It was January 1979, in Baijiazhuang, Beijing.<br />
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袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和工艺美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得到了推荐,也在被邀请之列。 <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing on his way home from a six-month-long trip to Yunnan. A great joy forced him to stay in Beijing. At that time, the new terminal building of Capital Airport was like a magnificent crystal palace going up in the eastern suburbs of Beijing, equipped with the world's most advanced technology. The spacious and comfortable departure lounges and restaurants, automatic doors, baggage carousels, weight scales with electronic digital display, special quartz clocks made by Seikosha, high-efficiency indoor air conditioning devices, precise navigation and communication systems... They constituted the magnificent air gateway of the capital, whose degree of modernization was unparalleled in China. In today's world, modern architectural design was integrated with exquisite art decoration, and the ancient mural art was revived, accommodating with the development of construction industry based on new industrial technology. People in charge of the capital airport were managers of the new enterprise indeed. They invited more than fifty excellent artists as well as arts and crafts workers, led by Zhang Ding, the dean of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, to create a large modern murals for the terminal building. Yuan Yunsheng, who had been silent for more than two decades, was lucky enough to be recommended and was among the invitees.<br />
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随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使一些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单一些,拿他的话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。” <br />
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With the opening of a crack in the window of ideological liberation in early 1979, the close relationship between literature and art and politics, which was very hot, was gradually adjusted over the years, making some artists calm down. They reconsidered the old and difficult proposition of the relationship between literature and art and politics, and denied the claim that literature and art was subordinate to politics. Their intentions were kind and peaceful, unwilling to use the arrow of art to touch sensitive political issues to avoid being blamed for something other than art; at the same time, they hoped to escape from the influence of the wind change and maintain the relative stability of the range of art, without rising or falling like a floating feather. But Yuan Yunsheng thought more simply, in his words, "Art is art, which needs to be sincere."<br />
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袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节——生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻辑和客观条件应运而生的。 <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng's large mural design ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', was born based on this simple logic and objective conditions.<br />
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候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的一块地方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴的哲理。他决定抦弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。” <br />
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A large wall of the passenger’s dining room in the terminal, together with a corner, was given to him. What a big space! He stood before the white wall, astonished and delighted, wanting to pour out all the words in the heart to this wall. Artistic creation always spared no effort without reservation to present the most beautiful part of the artist's feelings of the mind. For more than twenty years, the language of art and life he had accumulated resounded in his heart like a surging river, and the unforgettable impression he had from his trip to Xishuangbanna was the climax of the good things and the leaping wave of his whole life experience. At that time, the only subject he thought of was the Water-Splashing Festival. The myths and legends he heard, recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra condensed the emotions like flames, the free imagination and the clear and pure philosophy of the tropical ethnic group. He decided to abandon the conception of genre and narrative paintings and used the lines he had practiced over the years to express the people's desire for a future of freedom and happiness. He said, “It is a pleasant surprise for me to paint a mural praising the spirit and sentiment of the Dai people on a huge wall with 27 meters wide and 3.4 meters high."<br />
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主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知命运如何? <br />
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Artists who advocated art for the sake of politics could also attribute this subject to politics. However, this idea, after all, left the specific political context and contained the deeper and more distant time and space as well as timeless themes. If it was in the past, such an artistic conception would have been intervened by politics and would have been accused of rebelling against orthodoxy. What was his fate this time?<br />
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袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境…… <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng's brother, Yuan Yunfu, gave him a room in his apartment in Baijiazhuang, which was both a bedroom and a studio. However, the small bed was rarely used. He spread out his sketch and entered a dream, a dream of flowing lines and beautiful colors...<br />
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在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统一。那座大门却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门搏斗,一支接一支地吸烟,一张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。 <br />
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In the dream of art, there were also untold troubles. Apart from anything else, the door in the wall of the dining room was annoying. Originally, the artistic language of mural should be harmonized with the artistic language of architecture. The door, however, divided the wall and become an obstacle to the artistic conception. He spent the whole night fighting with the annoying door, smoking one cigarette after another, and drawing one sketch after another. His brother lived in the room opposite to his room, who could see the light coming from the crack of the door all night long, and the smell of smoke wafted up. And his energy, effort and life were consumed in the light blue smoke. The next day when the door was opened, his face was pale.<br />
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“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。 <br />
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"How can your body stand it!" Yuan Yunfu said.<br />
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“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……” <br />
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"It's doesn't matter." He smiled faintly, "I get used to it..."<br />
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在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出一股韧性。为了重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟此时的心情。 <br />
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In the eyes of the elder brother, his younger brother was a completely different people than before. On the night more than twenty years ago, when Yuan Yunsheng told his brother that he was classified as a "rightist” in the same room, his round face was full of innocence, as if he was telling a light anecdote. Now, that face had experienced the hardships and troubles of life, stumbling on the rugged road, and had become angular with a stern look, revealing a resilience. In order to regain this opportunity to create in Beijing, what a price he had to pay! Yuan Yunfu understood his brother's feelings at this time.<br />
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整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法——“拱桥的两头很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》） <br />
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All day long, Yuan Yunsheng locked himself in his room and had a dream of mural. He was inspired by the familar principle of the arch bridge in the suburbs of Suzhou, and found a way to cross the gate -- “The two ends of the arch bridge are very heavy, holding the towering and thin top. It is stable in mechanics, and how beautiful the curve like the rainbow is! The idea of constructing a rainbow of people with the activities of the Dai people is fascinating..." (quoted in ''Art Research'', Issue 1, 1980, Yuan Yunsheng: ''The Dream of Murals'')<br />
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实现这个迷人的想法,真是一项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每一个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了…… <br />
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It was a huge project to realize this fascinating idea. The splendid and colorful images of the Water-Splashing Festival came to his eyes: carrying water, sharing water, splashing water, dancing, boat racing, bathing at night, the quiet family life in the bamboo house of the Dai people and the young men and women who didn’t want to leave with each other in the jungle after dusk... Hundreds of characters appeared under his brush, and each of them was vivid and true. At the same time, it was decorative, exaggerated, personalized, and full of lyricism. The sketch was longer and longer, and the crowds like the rainbow were stretching out. The painter, who was immersed in the frenzy of his creation, seemed to be accompanied by music in his ears. He grasped the brush as if grasping the baton of the symphony orchestra, to express the shifts of melody and rhythm through the flowing lines, and the solemn, fervent and tenaciously upward theme song gradually rose up...<br />
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又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还有灯光。 <br />
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It was another early morning that Yuan Yunfu, who lived in the opposite room, woke up from his sleep and saw the light under the door of his brother’s room.<br />
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这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunfu was also very tired these days. He also participated in the creation of murals at the Capital Airport, painting the first draft of ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan''. If he was exploring the path of art with his experience and artistic accomplishment, his brother was sprinting with his life. Half a month passed, in fifteen days and nights, the light in the opposite room did not go out. What an amazing perseverance! Even the golden stone should cry for his sincerity of the art... <br />
<br />
对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀! <br />
<br />
A light blue smoke was coming from the opposite room with a heavy coughing sound, each hoarser than the last. However, he was still painting, and still smoking incessantly. The coughing sound could be heard without end, and it was heart-wrenching to hear it in the silence before dawn. He was destroying the foundation of his health to build a spiritual building, and the lines on the sketch were clearly the blood streak of life!<br />
<br />
天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休息几天,回长春去过年吧。” <br />
<br />
After dawn, Yuan Yunfu said to his brother, "You probably forget that the day after tomorrow is Lunar New Year's Eve. I advise you to take a few days off and go back to Changchun for the New Year."<br />
<br />
袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用。第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制。” <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng shook his head, “I don’t have enough time. Although the second draft was drawn, but I haven’t had time to copy it."<br />
<br />
“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。” <br />
<br />
"You don’t care about your own body, but you have to think about Lanying.” His brother said. "You have been away from Changchun for more than six months. It is unreasonable for you not to go back for the Spring Festival."<br />
<br />
提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能在家待几天?” <br />
<br />
When it came to Lanying, Yuan Yunsheng was no longer obstinate. On New Year's Eve, he rushed back to Changchun. Lanying asked him, "How many days can you stay at home this time?"<br />
<br />
画家说:“春节一过,还得讨论画稿。这一稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "After the New Year, I still have to discuss the drafts. I have not made a copy of this one yet, so I brought it back home."<br />
<br />
兰英叹了一口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……” <br />
<br />
Lanying sighed, "So, even in the Spring Festival, you still can’t have a good rest..."<br />
<br />
画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "It's not difficult to copy, but it takes time."<br />
<br />
兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?” <br />
<br />
Lanying thought about it, "Well, can I help you?"<br />
<br />
画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。 <br />
<br />
The painter looked at his wife with affection and nodded.<br />
<br />
这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下一个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹…… <br />
<br />
This was the first time that Lanying was directly involved in her husband's artistic creation. At night, they turned on the lamp, set up a glass plate, laid out a translucent copy paper, and copied the painting of the Water-Splashing Festival together. This work, which celebrated the Dai people, also left traces of a Han woman's feelings...<br />
<br />
从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
<br />
From the first to the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, they spent their time in this way. Lanying and the painter stayed up late together.<br />
<br />
忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴云笼罩着...... <br />
<br />
The busy painter did not even notice that Lanying's thin face was more withered, covered by the heavy cloud of illness...<br />
<br />
牛皮纸 <br />
<br />
Kraft Paper<br />
<br />
春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。 <br />
<br />
Just after the Spring Festival, Yuan Yunsheng returned to Beijing with the colored design.<br />
<br />
绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
<br />
Preparations for the mural painting were under way intensely. In order to get the best artistic effect, Capital Airport imported a batch of acrylic paints from Hong Kong. This was a new painting material popular in Europe, America and Japan in recent years. It had bright and soft color, strong covering power, and was suitable for multi-layered sfumato and foil, and maintained the stability of the color of the painting for a long time under various conditions of wetting, drying, hot and cold.<br />
<br />
参加《泼水节——生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
<br />
Lian Weiyun and Fei Zheng, two collaborators who participated in the painting of ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', also arrived in succession. They were both accomplished middle-aged artists. After looking Yuan Yunsheng's design, they were impressed by the charm of the combination of traditional techniques of Chinese painting and western modern art, and were interested in it and eager to have a try.<br />
<br />
脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。 <br />
<br />
The scaffolding was set up and the walls were covered with solid backing cloth. Everything was ready and it was early summer. One day in June, Lanying came to Beijing from Changchun.<br />
<br />
兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的一次妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。 <br />
<br />
This time, Lanying made a special trip to Beijing to see a doctor. In fact, her condition had already been discovered. In a gynecological examination before the Spring Festival, the doctor felt an obvious foreign body in the uterus. Because her husband was away and she needed to take care of the children, her illness had not been treated. Recently, due to the rapid aggravation of her condition, she had to go to a large hospital in Beijing for a diagnosis.<br />
<br />
在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻待在一起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮工。 <br />
<br />
While waiting to see a doctor, Lanying and her husband stayed in a newly built hotel for international flight crews at the Capital Airport. The room was small but comfortable with spring beds, a bathroom, and shutters in the ceiling also indicated that there was air-conditioning equipment. Since her marriage, Lanying had never lived in such a high-class accommodation with her husband. However, the time the couple spent together was still limited. Every day, when the first purple rays of the morning sun came in through the curtains, Yuan Yunsheng turned over and got up, hurriedly wipded the face. The sound of rushing away footsteps could be heard in the corridor. After a busy day, it was already late at night when he returned, covered in sweat and paint, like a house repairman who had just climbed down from the scaffolding.<br />
<br />
好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是出乎意料的,几个月以前的一小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到癌——恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢? <br />
<br />
Finally, it was the day of diagnosis. When Lanying got the diagnosis, moving tired steps out of the hospital, she felt her body and mind sinking downward, as if sinking into a bottomless abyss. The rate of the development of the disease was unexpected, a small foreign body a few months ago had grown into a big lump. Lanying herself was a surgeon, with professional knowledge and clinical experience, who understood the seriousness in the rate of deterioration of the disease. She thought about cancer--malignant cells tended to cause malformed expansion, while benign tumors were relatively steady; if it was not cancer, it was just a fluke. She walked slowly, and her mind was empty, the grey mist floating and sparks of consciousness flickering on and off. She felt painfully, intuitively, that the defenses of her health had been destroyed by everyday’s pressure because of excessive worry and fatigue from chores over the years. Did her lover, her children and everything in the future still belong to her?<br />
<br />
她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了候机大楼,站在脚手架旁…… <br />
<br />
She went back to the airport. The painter could not be found at the accommodation during the day. She stepped across the long asphalt road, entered the terminal building, and stood by the scaffolding...<br />
<br />
大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着一场真正的建设——脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。 <br />
<br />
The lobby was spacious and solemn. The new glass windows reflected the blue sky, and the abundant light rushed in and then spread out, softly scattering on the four walls. Here, in the heat of June, there was a real construction going on--the huge structure of scaffolding climbing up to the roof; on the ground, brushes, palettes and paint buckets were piled up haphazardly, showing how busy the art site was.<br />
<br />
兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在…… <br />
<br />
Lanying looked up and found her husband's figure on the scaffolding. He bent over, holding a brush in his hand, sketching on the wall. His long black hair hang down from his forehead, swinging ceaselessly in the air with his body, as if a cellist holding the bowstring was absorbed in the enchanting music he was playing, and the world around him no longer existed...<br />
<br />
兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,一个艺术赤子的オ华、智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。 <br />
<br />
Lanying stood there dumbfounded. Here and now, perhaps only she could deeply understand her husband's state of mind. From the tiny world of that humble room in Changchun to this grand and spacious lobby, the talents, wisdom and suppressed ambition of a man who was loyal to art broke away from all fetters and poured out. He even wanted to put his hot life into the tip of the brush, pouring, splashing and melting into the picture in front of him.<br />
<br />
墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华! <br />
<br />
Various lines on the wall presented the dense jungle in Xishuangbanna, full of vitality. With the movement of the brush, like the process happened in color developer in the darkroom, the images of several Dai women gradually became clear. Their stretched waists, flexible arms, and action of strong inclination added the sense of motion of the scene of water splashing. Lanying seemed to hear the cheerful rhythm of the small gong and the exciting drumbeat of the elephant-foot drum. The hazy expressions in the women's faces had infinite yearnings. Thus, the dead wall became alive. It was the artist's passion for life was shining, the reproduction of a beautiful vision. The limited life of the artist was sublimated in the meaningful art!<br />
<br />
站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。 <br />
<br />
Standing behind the art stage to see the art was the easiest to touch off the aftertaste of life. <br />
<br />
兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得到了精神的补偿。 <br />
<br />
Lanying felt relaxed, and the heavy feeling like being clogged with lead when she left the hospital was alleviated. Art had already intruded into her destiny, turning her from an outsider into an insider. She got spiritual compensation from the breath of artistic creation.<br />
<br />
这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查有结果了吗?” <br />
<br />
At this time, the painter climbed down from the scaffolding, spotted his wife at a glance, and walked quickly towards her, "Did you get the result of the examination at the hospital?"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说......” <br />
<br />
Lanying said. "Go on with your work. I’ll talk to you when we came back..."<br />
<br />
妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。” <br />
<br />
The peaceful face of his wife reassured the painter. He said, "You should stay in your room and have a good rest."<br />
<br />
“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
<br />
"I'm not tired. Lanying smiled faintly and said with studied casualness, "What can I do for you?"<br />
<br />
Chapter Two<br />
<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对一对画稿上的人物动作。” <br />
<br />
The painter seriously considered for a moment: “Oh, I need you here. Please imitate and check the action of the characters on the sketch for our reference.” <br />
<br />
“好吧。”妻子应允了。 <br />
<br />
"All right." The wife agreed.<br />
<br />
兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容…… <br />
<br />
Lanying made various body movements on the painter’s instructions. Fortunately, she was an active member of the literary and artistic activities twenty years ago with a little dance skills, natural movements, and an ideal slender body. It consumed a lot of time, and the painter looked left and right, directing Lanying's posture while examining the characters on the sketch. For Lanying, who was ill, it was an excessive burden. But she maintained a dignified posture with great endurance, and a serene smile appeared on her pale and tired face...<br />
<br />
几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为一个外科医生,如果给自己开一张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的一桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カ一搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏在心底很久很久了。 <br />
<br />
A few days later, Lanying boarded the northbound train and left Beijing. Her husband went to the station to see her off. Until the moment before her departure, the wife did not tell her husband about her illness. Lanying repeatedly considered the gains and losses. As a surgeon, she would not have hesitated to write “hospitalize immediately and surgically remove" if she had given herself a treatment order. The key to the treating a relentless tumor, whether it was benign or malignant, was to treat it in time.But she thought of her husband, and a wonderful career beyond him. Once she was hospitalized for a major surgery, her husband would not hesitate to accompany her and serve her, because she had no other close relatives in this world. In that way, the painter's work would stop, or at least be influence. Her husband was struggling on the difficult road of art and could not be delayed. Lanying had to give up her treatment, even if it meant the hope of life, in exchange for the extension of the artistic life. This idea, from the day she fell in love with the painter, had been buried in her heart for a long, long time.<br />
<br />
一声长笛,列车开走了,载着一颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾霭中...... <br />
<br />
With a whistle, the train drove away, carrying the heart of an ordinary but great woman, and disappearing in the fog...<br />
<br />
袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,一株热带丛林特有的鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像是在为自己的青春而骄傲…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng and his collaborators worked hard and four months passed. The painting work was coming to an end. Turning a corner of the wall, a view of Xishuangbanna at dusk appeared. In the light blue glow, there was a Passionfora edulis unique to the tropical jungle. Its luxuriant branches and leaves were like a cluster of hydrangea, forming a beautiful screen. Dai girls Girls who took a bath at night, holding a clay pot, poured clear spring water on their body. They wore their long and undulating hair down to the ground, which seemed like the ripples of water flowing from high mountains. After the bath, the girls were combing their long hair with a tender smile on their face, as if they were proud of their youth...<br />
<br />
环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。 <br />
<br />
Surrounding the girl's bodies were a few flowing lines, which were the outline of the clothes that was sketched out in the draft. The painter was still uncertain how to handle them. In the process of painting, the onlookers who came and went through the lobby paid special attention to the girls taking baths at night on the wall, wanting to see whether they would be clothed or not.<br />
<br />
洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。“我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的一种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况他画的是神话传说而不是习俗…… <br />
<br />
It is a common knowledge in life that taking a bath (rather than splashing water) needs to take off clothes. In life, Dai women were more innocent. During the days in Xishuangbanna, the painter bathed many times with Dai men and women at the well and in the Lancang River. They were natural and graceful, treating nudity as a as a creation of nature, so they did not feel it was very mysterious. “I admit that I have more conservative thinking.” Yuan Yunsheng said sincerely, “Because of this, I am more respectful of them.” In the history of painting, the language of nudity was an artistic language with rich expressiveness. Represented by Venus in ancient Greece, it developed into an independent aesthetic category. Similarly, using the language of nudity to express the author's worship of women and the praise for life became necessary for this particular scene in the mural. Not to mention that he painted myths and legends rather than customs...<br />
<br />
看来,画家打错了主意? <br />
<br />
It seems that the painter got the wrong idea?<br />
<br />
在一些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和犯罪搅成一池浑水。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of some people, the style of nude was a “evil custom of barbarians” in the west! The richer the material life of the west was, the poorer the spiritual civilization was to the extent that the body was not covered by clothes. On the contrary, the great revolution of spiritual culture and the great retrogression of material production occurred at the same period in our country. In the past ten years, people’s vision had been highly purified. Chinese women did not even want to wear skirts, cheongsams, or tight-fitting shirts, and wrapped themselves up tightly so as not to show their changeable lines. By doing so, they would not stain the eyes of others and desecrate their bodies. However, treating aesthetics as the result of getting rid of evil concepts did not improve the morality of the society, but brought spiritual impoverishment and degradation. As a result, just like the pure springs turned into muddy currents, art and crime were mixed into a pool of muddy water.<br />
<br />
盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。 <br />
<br />
In the height of summer, when the scene of “bathing at night" stood out, although the images of these young girls were decorative, symbolic and simple, it still caused a stir.<br />
<br />
这并不显眼的一角却引来一批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
<br />
This inconspicuous corner attracted numerous viewers, including curious people, anxious people, passers-by and spectators. People were talking about it in different tones, surprised, harsh or vulgar...<br />
<br />
这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不韪了。如要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的一场争论。 <br />
<br />
It was the first time in years that a nude appeared on modern Chinese murals. The author did a wrong thing that was considered as a big one at the time. If he wanted to solve dispute, it was easy, lifting the brush, smearing a few strokes, and dressing the figures in blouses and skirts, which cost nothing. Then he and his whole family would be blessed and away from misfortune. But he was reluctant to do that. He thought of a controversy in history over the issue of nude art.<br />
<br />
六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的一班轻薄少年、无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军阀败北。 <br />
<br />
Sixty years ago, a group of courageous painters in Shanghai were reviled for using nudity in their teachings and creations. At that time, the newspapers published many critical articles, saying that the painter “offended public decency”, “wanted to make the women of the world into a shameless position" and “broke down the boundaries between Chinese men and women”... And at that time, a group of libertines and loafers in Shanghai took nude photos for sale, which provided handles to trolls. Until the warlord Sun Chuanfang was angered, the painter was wanted by telegram. The painter concentrated all his efforts on rising to the challenge without fear, and wrote articles saying that “Scoundrels made nude photos and obscene picture of prostitutes to attract others for profit, I am very sad... Why Private Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts is blamed? Why I am blamed?” "I advocated that ambition of art shouldn’t be takev away... Although I have to defy all difficulties and dangers, I will never refuse.” The struggle ended in victory for the painter and defeat for the warlord.<br />
<br />
历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的一桩旧案犹未了结。 <br />
<br />
History had gone by more than half a century. Times were different, but an old case in the art world was not settled yet.<br />
<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思想解放!” <br />
<br />
"What we encountered is no longer a body issue.” Yuan Yunsheng said to his companions, “It is related to the ideological liberation of the art world!"<br />
<br />
他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。 <br />
<br />
They insisted on making no changes. This detail in the murals was used as a stone of exploring and was thrown on the path of artistic spring presented in front of them after the smashing of the "Gang of Four".<br />
<br />
舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事…… <br />
<br />
After all, the pressure of public opinion was too great. In order to provide a peaceful environment for the painter to paint, the airport and the construction company were kind to cover up the doors and windows of the lobby while the painting work was still incomplete. Thus, the modernized doors were covered with thick kraft papers produced in the traditional way in China, and the murals painted in imported acrylic paints were hidden in a dull yellow glow of classical colors. The painter was at peace for the moment and went on with their unfinished work...<br />
<br />
不是结尾 <br />
<br />
Not the End<br />
<br />
10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动…… <br />
<br />
One day in late October, the autumn wind swirled yellow sand, sweeping above the streets of Beijing. Yuan Yunsheng walked down the street quickly, facing the wind, and his long and thick black hair fluttering in the wind...<br />
<br />
首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。 <br />
<br />
The painting work of murals at the Capital Airport had been completed. The artists and art workers, led by Zhang Ding, achieved great success. The papers and TV stations published and broadcasted murals with distinctive characteristics and modern style: ''Nezha Conquers the Dragon King'', ''Song of the Forest'', ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan'', ''The Spring of Science'' and ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life''... It was like a hot whirlwind in the art world and society, provoking intense reactions. Before the Fourth Congress of Chinese Writers and Artists, a group of celebrities from the circles of literature and art, theory, architecture, foreign trade and press and publication came to the Capital Airport to attend the unveiling ceremony and congratulate the artists.<br />
<br />
国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人一进入中国就有一个强烈的印象,这种艺术是一个国家国力的象征。” <br />
<br />
They acquired great recognition from foreigners. Foreign friends stood in the lobby of the terminal building, looking around the four walls with appreciative eyes and saying, "Beijing Airport will be famous all over the world for its murals.” ”It gives people a strong impression upon entering China that this art is a symbol of a country's national power."<br />
<br />
日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……” <br />
<br />
Hirayama Ikuo, a famous Japanese painter, also came to visit. He said that Chinese culture had two peaks in history: the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, and he believed that the third peak was coming. He said to Yuan Yunsheng with a smile, "After seeing your murals, I think Xishuangbanna is very beautiful. I really want to change the plan of this trip and go there..."<br />
<br />
这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰一样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔…… <br />
<br />
These days, Yunsheng was very busy. Meeting with foreign guests, accepting interviews and giving speeches on stage filled up his daily schedule. The lonely days were gone, followed by honors, applauses, and toasts, like stepping from the rugged mountain road to the peak full of flowers... He walked on the street, the wind and sand rushing toward him, and his lapel swaying in the wind. At this moment, contrary to the joy brought by the brilliant success, his face was strangely sad and sorrowful, frozen like ice, cold as a rock. It seemed to have infinite remorse in his indifference...<br />
<br />
呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化? <br />
<br />
Oh, what were you doing for? Were you still not satisfied? Or were you still worried about the change of political wind?<br />
<br />
不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着一个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作是坚定正确的表现。 <br />
<br />
No. He was not worried about that. He was confident. For more than twenty years, he had been tenacious exploring towards a set goal with the sincerity of art. He had never been discouraged in the face of any setbacks. He loved the art of the country, and was classified as a "rightist" because he disagreed with Soviet painting theory. But now people who took the same position were seen as having a solid and right performance.<br />
<br />
他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。 <br />
<br />
He loved the watery towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and took a hit for painting the beautiful scenes of the rural market. But now markets all over the country were more prosperous than they were then. Oh life, many things would be changed after thirty years! He no longer believed in temporary and hasty conclusions. His personality and the personality of his art had been strengthened by adversity, becoming independent of the conclusions.<br />
<br />
那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧? <br />
<br />
So, why were you sad? Why were you depressed?<br />
<br />
只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无望,只等待手术的判决…… <br />
<br />
Just because his wife, bosom friend, backer of his career and partner in distress, was lying sickly in the hospital. It was not until a few days earlier that he learned of the illness that Lanying had hidden from him. After four months of suffering from the disease, Lanying's health collapsed! When she left Changchun, her sick body wasted away, with weak spirit and pale and yellow face. Her female companions, who saw her off, could not see any color on her face, took it as their last farewell, breaking down in tears. At this moment, she lay quietly in a hospital in Beijing, and she seemed tired. Once the burden was lifted from her shoulders, she didn’t have words, complaints and hope, only waiting for the verdict of surgery...<br />
<br />
一个人站立起来了,另一个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南去的列车上一见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下一笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。 <br />
<br />
One people stood up, another fell down, and she fell down for him. Since they met on the southbound train, she made too many voluntary sacrifices. If the wife really could never stand up again, then what was the meaning of her husband's success today for her? She was a doctor, a good wife and mother, and a person dedicated to art. Her contributions could never be rewarded, and she could not leave a mark on any art classic, but only painful memories engraved in her husband's heart.<br />
<br />
画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼眶里滚动。 <br />
<br />
The painter ran down the street to the hospital, a storm stirring up in his heart. His eyes were wet, white tears rolling in his eyes.<br />
<br />
他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:一种是诚实的艺术家;另一种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。 <br />
<br />
He thought of the two kinds of people who were closest to art in the wide world. One was the honest artist; the other was the person who did not know art but was pure and simple, such as his lovely wife.<br />
<br />
他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少一些吗?<br />
<br />
They didn’t have other intention, just for art. To recognize their hard work was the minimum to tolerate the existence of art. But they suffered too much beyond art. Couldn’t they suffer less?<br />
<br />
他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。 <br />
<br />
He walked on the street in Beijing, his tearful eyes shining with anticipation.<br />
<br />
后记: <br />
<br />
Postscript:<br />
<br />
本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又过了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世事变迁未可尽述。 <br />
<br />
After this article was published, the heroine recovered after treatment. A few years later, the hero went to the U.S. alone. And many things had changed and it was impossible to mention them all.<br />
<br />
——作者 <br />
<br />
--Author<br />
<br />
（原载《十月》1980年6月） <br />
<br />
(Originally published in ''October'', June 1980)<br />
<br />
==卷一：10.热血男儿==<br />
<br />
热血男儿<br />
<br />
李士非<br />
<br />
满腔的热血已经沸腾。<br />
<br />
《国际歌》<br />
<br />
ー、能见到袁庚吗?<br />
<br />
在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天,蛇口エ业区和它的领导人袁庚,名扬国内外,越 来越引人注目。<br />
<br />
但是,我接受写袁庚的任务,未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他,手头也没有 积累多少关于他的资料,而且听说采访他很困难:他是香港招商局常务副董事长 （人们因此亲切地称他为袁董）,大部分时间在香港,每到蛇口,都忙得不可开交, 实在抽不出时间接受采访。但是,过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观,听过介绍,看 过录像,袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣,接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口 来,这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。“能见到袁庚吗?”“即使见不到袁庚也要写!”所谓 “冒险”,无非是写不出或写不好,个人面子不好看罢了,比起袁庚和他的朋友们从 事改革所冒的风险,简直是微不足道的。<br />
<br />
仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气,到这里待ー些日子也是值得的。<br />
<br />
“如果你只能待很短的时间,我劝你趁早打退堂鼓,不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆 辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意,开弓没有回头箭,退堂鼓是 不好打的。<br />
<br />
二、夜访梁宪<br />
<br />
在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口,袁庚出国去了,说是7月底或8月初 才能回来。最了解他的ー个人,东江纵队时期就和他ー起工作,现任蛇口工业区顾 <br />
问的许智明,到澳大利亚探亲去了,归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同, “时间就是金钱,效率就是生命”,白天工作紧张,找人谈话很难,晚上访问也要事 先约定,因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰 上袁庚的儿子袁中印,《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意,他马 上说:“有什么好写的?这么多人写过了,要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受 了乃父的影响,不大欢迎采访。“慢慢来吧,我一定要找你的。”我心里说。<br />
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多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙,约定了 一天晚上9点钟去访问エ业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人,穿过海 滨花园,沐着海风,经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边,漫步走向梁宪的住 处。早已听说,他!962年毕业于中山大学外语系,是梁宗岱教授的高足,对法国文 学很有研究。果然,ー见之下,我就感到他是ー个充满艺术气质的人。<br />
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他掏出港币,买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客,然后和我们谈笑风生。<br />
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“你们是文人,我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人,她在中央戏剧学 院教书。我对她说:你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的,但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。 中国像你们这样的文人太多,像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一 句英语,“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙,黄虹坚ー时也 没反应过来,陈宜浩翻译说:“他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑 起来。<br />
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梁宪大学毕业的时候,老百姓正在饿肚子,大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法 国文学的尖子,后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作,比袁庚晚半 年多一点。袁庚很器重他,有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。<br />
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“我去香港的时候,老婆说:最怕你没骨气,没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是 有的,外派干部只要有一点热血,就不是追求几大件,而是感到抬不起头来!<br />
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“刚到香港,每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐,ー串串的,海上漂着偷渡者的尸 体,我们不能忍受,啪一声把电视关了。<br />
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“我们国内建设搞不好,连ー些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们, 心里真难受呀。所以,我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过:’我之所以这么干,是 为了实现我入党时的初衷。’”<br />
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一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿,梁宪又概括地说:<br />
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“我熟悉的人当中,有两个热血男儿,ー个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛,ー个就是 袁庚!”<br />
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好一个“热血男儿” !这个词太恰当了,把这两个人相提并论太好了,我不禁<br />
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怦然心动,觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。<br />
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也真巧,比我年长20岁的刘任涛,是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第 一流的眼科专家,共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长,曾为刘伯承元帅安过义 眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》,改行当了电影编剧,“文化大革命”中在珠 影被诬为“历史反革命”,打断五根肋骨,投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动 期间,他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明,不顾自己的政治处境,不顾没 有任何医疗条件,决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他:“万一失败,你就 是阶级报复,就会重进监狱。”他不听,他终于成功了。“作为医生,我拯救了我的 灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀,立下遗嘱:死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢 复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
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刘任涛和袁庚,经历和事业完全不同,但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身 精神,是多么相似呵!我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚,觉得对袁庚也开始熟 悉了。<br />
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三、“冒险家”<br />
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刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障,要冒风险。袁 庚在蛇口进行改革,要冒更大的风险:两年之前,不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影 地攻击经济特区嘛!<br />
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但是,时代毕竟不同了,今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月 9日,胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区,袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆,和总书记有一 段精彩的对话。<br />
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袁庚:关于改革问题,现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看,凡是搞改革 的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法,最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变 法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪,改良主义,结果六君子被 杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革,我想不会落得前人这样 的下场,我们是在党的领导下进行的,不会有问题吧,我们值得冒这个险!<br />
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胡耀邦:过去的改革是下层少数人去改,领导者、统治者是压制的。现在 不同,我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改,现在和过去根本不同嘛!<br />
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袁庚:我们感到,我们的干部是不大怕群众的,只怕顶头上司,怕上司不喜 欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说,我每次来蛇口,ー上码头,前呼后 拥的,下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒,就会忘乎所以,久而久之, 就不怕群众,不怕下级,因为群众、下级撤不了我的职,我只怕交通部,怕顶头 上司,只有他们才能撤我的职。<br />
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所以,群众监督干部,群众有权选举和罢免干部,这至关重要。我们这里 想搞个改革试点,管委会由群众选举产生,每年投一次信任票,如果不信任票 超过半数,管委会就得改选,个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公 开的、直接的,由群众投票选举的领导班子,就会想群众之所想,急群众之所 急,就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手,就有人自动送礼 上门,如果头脑不清醒,不能自律,就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装 懂,诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部,我相信可以改变一下干部的结 构和干部的作风。我们想做这样ー个不太小的改革,准备冒一点风险。<br />
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胡耀邦:（点头）好!很好!<br />
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袁庚:总书记说了好,我们就记录在案,马上打报告这样做。<br />
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胡耀邦:（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿,在哪 ー出戏里我忘记了,讽刺官僚主义者,他不敢骂台上的官,只敢骂戏台上堂前 的鼓。有一段唱词说:“一棵大树腹中空,两头都是皮儿绷,每天上堂敲三下, R卜咚ゆ咚又ゆ咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛!（全场大笑）<br />
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党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印,想到ー块去了,这在蛇口的发 展史上,是应当大书特书的。<br />
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1983年4月24日,选举产生了蛇口エ业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22 日,按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票?组干处处长虞 德海说:“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的,信任票不足半数就 得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决,一定要搞信任投票。” 投票结果,管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数,袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上,全 部投票公开,任人查阅,尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐,如“某某能力低”“某某 不堪信任”之类,也不加掩饰。<br />
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这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。<br />
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四、“那里不肯放,就辞职!”<br />
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选举产生领导班子,定期举行信任投票,这是袁庚深思熟虑的ー项决定。他深<br />
深感到,不改革干部制度,不改变干部结构,任何改革都无从谈起,“四化”也只是 一句空话。<br />
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有的领导干部,居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人:“你们大学建多大的桥?” 问来访的美国客人:“英国人讲英语,你们美国人讲什么语?”还有人向中央领导同 志汇报他到香港考察的收获:“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯!”如此等等,令人 啼笑皆非。这样的干部,怎能担当建设“四化”的重任!<br />
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蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地）,指挥部只有 二十多个干部的时候,袁庚就开始考虑如何培育ー支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命 化的干部队伍。1981年,他排除阻カ,毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班,从全国 各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说,“我是个冒险家,为了蛇口的改革,我从 全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。<br />
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当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员,委托交通部下属的交通科 学院情报所代为主持,在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、 江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。<br />
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王潮梁!938年出生于江苏无锡,1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计 专业。早在1958年,他就参考外国的资料,在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫 原理,并和同学们一道造出了样品,在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对 飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是,在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年 代,几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机エ厂飞机设 计室任产品主管设计员,那时生产要听驻厂军代表的,而军代表只相信苏联专家和 苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料,翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂, 即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂,也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚 子气,却毫无办法。岁月如流,王潮梁搞了 17年飞机设计,却看到我们的飞机エ业 比印度还落后;又研制了四年的飞翔船,却看不到一艘飞翔船下水,那种壮志难酬 的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会,唯一的名额给了业务上 根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培 训班招生的广告时,他兴奋极了,“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方,去!”立刻把广告 剪下来,郑重地贴在本子上。<br />
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他第一个走进考场,第一个走出考场。笔试、面试,成绩优良。主持考试的情 报所林鸿慈同志下了结论:这是个人才,录取！<br />
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但是,在中国有一个很大的矛盾:生产资料是全民所有制,干部却是单位私有 制。ー个单位可以把ー个或ー批人才冷藏ー辈子<br />
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长江航运科研所不肯放人。<br />
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198I年11月,袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他,向他汇 报了招生的情况,特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。<br />
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袁庚很激动。<br />
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“小王是不是党员?”<br />
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“不是。”<br />
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“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量,开个头,那里不肯放,就辞职!我这 里收。最多就是人家去告状,最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先 例。告到国务院,我们就把这个同志的情况报上去,中央领导会支持我们。新华社 社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开’干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人 在单位不充分发挥作用,又不让调,这个局面不打开是不成的!”<br />
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林鸿慈被袁庚打动了,写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁,同时通过各种渠道 去做说服、疏通工作。终于,用不着王潮梁辞职,单位同意放人了。1982年,王潮 梁来到蛇口工业区。<br />
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五、企业管理研究生<br />
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1982年12月的一天晚上,ー个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
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这是一次事先约定的会见。<br />
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年轻人叫余昌民,刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清 华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生,工作了八九年,深感中国企业管理的弊病 太多,1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年, 专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息,《读卖新闻》为 此发了专稿,登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了,干什么好呢?学校建议他到国家 经委属下的中国企业研究协会去,这当然是个专业对口的美差,但是在武汉工作的 爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候,蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。他每星期上街 去买《深圳特区报》,得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝,如饥似渴地加以研 究。不难判断,蛇口エ业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去!决心下定了,系 里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会,经朋友介绍,他就来登门拜访了。<br />
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会面的一瞬间,两个人互相观察了一下。<br />
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“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗?穿件中式棉袄,和一般的老干部没啥差别,不 是想象中的那个改革家的模样,而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真 的值得?”<br />
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真正的一闪念,没容余昌民多想,袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
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谈话开门见山。<br />
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“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里?”<br />
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“在于体制。”<br />
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“对了!”袁庚兴奋起来,侃侃而谈,“上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦,说 他们要一千人,劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用,那七百是搭配的闲人,你再要, 就再搭配,再多余,反正是大锅饭,大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了,还说这是社会主义 的优越性!这样,工厂冗员越来越多,工厂成了小社会,在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的, 形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ,败坏着我们的民族素质!这样的体制不改革,我们 就没有出路!”<br />
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“我的ー篇论文,提出了企业的素质问题。”<br />
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“有何高见?”<br />
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“素质,好比基本作用,像女排,形成了她们的基本作风,就有战斗カ。”<br />
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“就把ー个企业比作球队吧,假如你是教练,别人随便塞人给你,你怎么办?”<br />
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“我不要。”<br />
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“不要不行!”<br />
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“那我不干。”<br />
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“对了,就得这样。”<br />
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一老ー少,越谈越投机,彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处ー闪而过的那点 疑虑也完全打消了。<br />
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“我们这里可要冒点风险。”<br />
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“正因为这样オ要去,建设好了还去干什么?”<br />
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“你个人有什么要求?”<br />
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“只要求家属ー起去。”<br />
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“这个我们来办。”<br />
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两个月后,余昌民父亲去世,回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化,系里要留他。 企业管理系刚刚建立,工作需要,理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚 飞往蛇口,收不回来了。<br />
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1983年3月,袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客,系里派余昌民随行。系 领导的目的,是让校长对余昌民有个印象,说服他留下来,同时出面解决他家属的 户ロ问题。<br />
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谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口,袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有,余昌 民暗示要做刘达的工作。<br />
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余昌民再一次请求:“校长,让我来蛇口吧。”<br />
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“系里要我帮忙留你,我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。<br />
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袁庚一再要求支持:“刘达同志,把小余给我们吧,我们迫切需要企业管理的专 门人才。”<br />
<br />
刘达心动了。这位参加过“ー二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
<br />
回去后,余昌民给系里写了报告,对系里的教育培养表示感谢,说明清华企业 管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设,这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都 至关重要。<br />
<br />
问题迎刃而解。7月,夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。<br />
<br />
当余昌民到エ业区大楼报到的时候,在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉 着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口,边走边说:“你是研究企业管理的,你先熟悉ー 下情况,有把握了再谈工作……”<br />
<br />
袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信,其中有一段话:<br />
<br />
关于小余的事,同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失ー小余,无妨 大局,蛇口得之,如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下,エ业区将受其惠。<br />
<br />
重感情的刘达,把这封信送给了余昌民,让他留作永久的纪念。<br />
<br />
六、星期天的早晨<br />
<br />
星期天早晨8点钟,顾立基刚起床,洗了脸,正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同 学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的,大家都熬了夜,现在让他们多睡一会儿 吧。顾立基轻手轻脚,唯恐弄出一点声音来。<br />
<br />
“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗?”<br />
<br />
门外传来ー个声音。顾立基一看,走廊上站着ー个六十多岁的老人和一个 姑娘。<br />
<br />
“我就是顾立基,您是?”<br />
<br />
“我是袁庚,蛇口的袁庚〇”老人首先伸出手来,“这是我女儿尼亚,她不放心我 的身体,一定要陪我来,其实我的身体还可以。你看,骑了半小时车子,轻松愉快。”<br />
<br />
顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 他深受感动。<br />
<br />
“我们到楼下谈吧,同学们还在睡觉。”<br />
<br />
楼下有一张靠背长椅,三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨,不冷不热,阳光和煦, 轻风拂面,校园一片宁静的气氛。<br />
<br />
“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会?”<br />
<br />
“是的,现在会员有一千多人了,成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。”<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长?”<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊,”顾立基笑了, “我是说过想当厂长,为此还惹过ー些麻 烦呢。”<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦?”<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。”<br />
<br />
“岂有此理!想当个厂长是什么野心!’不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’,这 是拿破仑说的还是谁说的? 一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对!”<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的,但是我感到中国更需要管理人才,所以主动旁听了企业管理 系研究生的全部课程。”<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧,我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班,要培养大量的管理人才。”<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像,我的心就动了,只是还没下定决心。”<br />
<br />
“现在呢?”<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了,去蛇口。”<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗?”<br />
<br />
有什么困难? 1982年的初夏,社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的,有人在 报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界,影射特区有变成租界的危险,造成一股无形的压 力,因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些,可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的 人在ー起,冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去,下属工厂任他挑选,这 些,对他有一定的吸引力。他自从!967年中学毕业,1968年进上海印染机械修配 厂,十年中当过锅炉エ、车エ、錠エ、钳エ、电エ,当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不 惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为,1974年顾立基和他们争吵过ー 次,挨了批斗,却受到工人们的同情,和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要 毕业了 ,朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查,他是材料组的负责 人,如果不来上大学,早就走上领导岗位了,现在回去,工作安排是不成问题的。但 是,陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大,他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的 是,母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房,姐妹们都在外地,母亲 希望他留在身边,爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口,使他动了感情,他滔 滔不绝地发起议论来。<br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办ー个工业区 呢?为了在那块地方搞改革,搞全面的改革,从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度,都 要改,不改就没有出路。过去三十年,极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。 1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候,海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体,都是青年,他们为什 么要跑?因为我们穷!<br />
<br />
“’四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’,越搞跑的人越多。ー些村子的青壮年几乎跑 光了,真叫人欲哭无泪!蛇口对面就是香港的元朗,相隔只有6000米,晴天能看到 它的高楼,它就是在我们’十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了, 必须把经济搞上去,这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公 里,对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛,我们改革成功了,对全国就有很大 的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛,无伤大局。当然,我们一定要尽最大的 努力,争取成功,避免失败。我们这ー代人是老了,当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时 候,时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……”<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动,身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚,望 着自己的父亲,眼睛也有点热了……<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来,当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书,1984年4月被聘为 办公室主任。<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚,因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口,听说顾立基6日 ー早要去香港,5日晚我去登门拜访。<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告,我为 了听这个报告,推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的,谁都可以听,欢迎你去。”ー见面 顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗?”<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难,他在蛇口不会待太久,一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告, 你最好陪他回宿舍ーー他儿子的住处,或者宾馆,这样边走边谈,可以谈十来分 钟……”<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗?<br />
<br />
不管怎样,先听听他的报告再说吧。<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半,袁庚的报告准时开始。<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影,大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。 今天这个会也叫新闻发布会,街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂,基本上坐满 了,放眼望过去,都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。<br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上, 顾立基主持大会。<br />
<br />
ー开始,袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕,只讲个把钟头。”<br />
<br />
人们笑了,其实怕的是他讲得太短。<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问,历时23天,访问了 4个国家、16个公司、18个城市,从新加坡 开始,往西到英国,再到美国、日本,整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处,受到隆重的、 破格的接待,我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们 四个人,而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化,在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到 做蛇口人的光荣。”<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张,出国访问要花自己的钱,花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、 软弱的地位。这次出访,他们带了 20万美金的信用卡,足够用了,所到之处都坚持 这个原则,唯独在新加坡失灵了。那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系,但新加 坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检,从飞机场ー直送到最高级的香格里拉大 酒店,袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前,这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫 人;在他之后,住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨）,每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观 什么项目,全部满足要求。临走结账时,酒店经理说:“在你们到来之前,已经有人 付了全部费用。”<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁,英国老板们在海员罢エ浪潮的 冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们,给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深 刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说:“我们原打算3年之内种植 20万株月季,把蛇口建成玫瑰之城,现在看来太落后了……”<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国,主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡,大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔,华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民,交给他一把金钥匙。女 市长在宴会上说:“我是百分之百的中国人,也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说:“我 很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判,就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过, “在经济问题上,兄弟无情,六亲不认!何况是与外国人谈判「’<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前,有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过 的曲折。<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日,袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件,大家听了很高兴,但我们不要高兴得过早。不 要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了,但官僚主义、 红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事,还是有的。例如我们正在谈判 的浮法玻璃厂,到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃,为什么不准我们用 最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ?最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局 交涉。她们去的时候,人家一口答应,讲你们回去好了,但等我们企业室派人带合 同去盖章的时候,又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干,他们讲:‘你们派了记 者、作家来,我敢不答应吗?弄得不好,你们要写报告文学,写内参,我受得了 吗,？……”<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨,交涉了九个月,オ过了国内这ー关。<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判,当然不可能用这么长的时间,但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想 而知的。<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂,简直是一座玻璃城!它生产各式各样 的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃,用25磅大锤从20米外打去,地皮都震动了,玻璃却安 然无恙。我们和美国合资,投资ー亿美元,引进一座同样的エ厂,买他的专利,以后 我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点,集中在每年所付专利费 占销售总额的百分比上。<br />
<br />
美方要6%,我们还价4% 〇<br />
<br />
美方降到5%,我们加到4.5%。<br />
<br />
寸利必争,形成僵局。<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。<br />
<br />
“先生们,我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针,2000年前发明了火药,全人类 <br />
都在享受这些伟大的成果,可是他们从来没有要过什么专利,我们作为后代从来没 有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋,而是觉得光荣。请问各位,那时候你们的祖先在哪 里?恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前,是不是毛特别多……”<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前,一个个咧嘴笑了。<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕,我的意思不是不付专利费,而是要求公平合理r’<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格,坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们,说不 定会抗议呢!“你骂我们的祖先,是可忍,孰不可忍ド’<br />
<br />
终于达成协议:4.75%,为期!0年。<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进ー个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂,专利 费是5% ,时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处,绝不能走 美国的路!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退,エ业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走,他们还 有点生气,现在停滞不前了。<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方,转移到太平洋 沿岸。<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了,现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈,今天 下午四点半ー踏上蛇口码头,就感到无比的清新,感到ー草一木都非常亲切。<br />
<br />
“10月1日,蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话,那是大家的 功劳！<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的,思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上,我们ー定要 赶上和超过他们!”<br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时,宣布散会了,大家意犹未尽。<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了,我放弃了跟上去的打算。<br />
<br />
ハ、“搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
8月7日,袁庚开了一整天会,据说8日也不会有空,而9日ー早又要回香港 了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上,我给他写了一封信,说明这一次 如果不能和他交谈,我将等待,直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨,我把这封信 交给了エ业区党委副书记乔胜利,请他转交。<br />
<br />
8日上午,我到办公大楼访问王潮梁,两人刚坐下来,办公室副主任黄振超匆<br />
<br />
匆忙忙地叫我:“袁董回来了,快去见他!”<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉,说明另改时间,急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的,中间隔着大块的透明玻璃,老远就看 见了袁庚,他手里正拿着一大摞文件。<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候,黄振超在旁边向他说明:“只是见见面,不会占你很多 时间。”<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说:<br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的?来搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了,而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。我 知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。梁宪说过,前几年在北京开会,有一天袁庚 看了张洁的小说《爱,是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章,问他:“你认识这个作家 吗?咱们把她请到蛇口去!”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所 了解的,“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。<br />
<br />
我也笑着说:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋,要写你和蛇口。”<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下,舒服地往藤椅上一靠,摆出了准备 谈ー阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好,这里问题多得 很,改革每前进ー步都要经过斗争,到处充满着矛盾。”<br />
<br />
我说:“正是这一点吸引了我。”<br />
<br />
“ー个国家没有民主是不行的,而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。 我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国,政治家演说,群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿 扔他,他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的,但这ー套对巩固资产阶级的统 治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底,孙中山是 想搞民主的,他死得太早,没搞成。中华民族是伟大的,但是历史的包袱太重了。”<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿,她在美国学企业管理,谈起来也说:在 美国深有感慨,感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重〇<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族,就没有什么框框,我在报告会上也说了,他们的总督牌香烟广 告有一句口号是’想做就去做’,这句话香港也接受不了,译成’应做就去做’〇当 然,想干什么就干什么是不行的,但我们许多应干的事却干不成。”<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历,他扼要地做了回答,着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命” 中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时,这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来,<br />
<br />
微笑着站在那里不动,我知道是催他去开会,我们的谈话该结束了。<br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志,我们马上又赶到 太子宾馆,和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢,对监狱内外情形 都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说:<br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨,出来就蔦儿了,可是他不,他的劲头反而更大了。”<br />
<br />
我心里说:这オ是袁庚!<br />
<br />
过了几天,乔胜利对陈宜浩说:“袁董看了我的信,答应下次回来再和我谈。” 可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。<br />
<br />
8月25日上午,我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息,急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联 系。但是太迟了,他过了中午又要回香港,而上午的时间已经排满,就在和我通话 的时候,他不得不放下电话去开门。他说:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧,不要紧的,我们没有秘密。”<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访,ー时想不齐全,只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字, 他ーー做了回答:“这些也要发表吗?”我说:“不一定发表。”他说:“发表也没关系, 那天我讲话外国人也听了。”<br />
<br />
我说:“将来排出校样,送给你看看好吗?免得事实有出入。”<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查,出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的,难免出点差 错。捅点娄子也不要紧。”<br />
<br />
“好了,谢谢您。”<br />
<br />
“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。<br />
<br />
一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观,来到铝材厂门口时,他向学 员们介绍:这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人,23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起 来,大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停エ,ー个工人从高处摔下来受了伤,他的哥哥跑 过去看了看,见弟弟没有生命危险,便又回去干活了。<br />
<br />
袁庚说:“日本不富没有天理!中国改革不富也没有天理!”<br />
<br />
现在我想说:蛇口的改革不成功没有天理!<br />
<br />
九、大鹏魂<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚,魁梧、潇洒,兼有外交家和实业家的风度,具有一种吸引人的魅 カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢?<br />
拨开历史的迷雾,我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园,算 是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。<br />
<br />
1935年,他毕业于广州广雅中学,随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测 量员,他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校,陈济棠下台后,这家军校成了国民党中央军 校的分校。在学校里,袁庚是活跃的足球门将,练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕 业,他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官,ー个个腐化不堪,对民族危亡无动于衷,便愤 然回到故乡大鹏镇,担任第一小学校长,同时兼任地方自卫队教官。<br />
<br />
学校是国民党办的,自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的,但是学校和自卫队中都有 中共地下党员。<br />
<br />
戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚,在当地是ー个重要人物,三种政治力量对他都很 重视。<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文,和他住到ー起,亲自考察他。<br />
<br />
革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
<br />
1939年3月27日,袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党,从这ー 天起,他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。<br />
<br />
当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党 的漫画,刺痛了国民党区党部,他的处境变得危险了,党组织于!939年冬天把他转 移到党领导的抗日游击队,从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子, 像大鹏ー样展翅高飞了。<br />
<br />
抗日战争期间,美军作为盟军,在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组,担任东纵联 络处处长的袁庚,和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示,东纵和美 军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报,对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。<br />
<br />
日寇投降时,英军远在缅甸,ー个海军少将只率领ー营人乘航空母舰赶到香 港。他的兵力不足以维持治安,要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央,中 央复电:为了对付国民党的内战阴谋,坚决撤离港九地区;同时要求在香港设立联 络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判,袁庚不辱使命,漂亮地完成了任务,并成为驻 香港办事处的第一任主任,这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能 想到,历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折,二十多年后,这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。<br />
<br />
十、秦城监狱<br />
<br />
1968年4月6日,袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家,到机关去上班。北京的4月 初,春寒料峭,风沙迷眼,加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报,形成一片肃杀气氛,使袁 庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作,刚告一段落,还来不及喘口气, 就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息,他于愤 懑中保持着镇定。<br />
<br />
回到办公室不久,有人通知:“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门,看到 除部长之外,还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长,面孔板得像 ー座木雕。<br />
<br />
“袁庚,你被捕了!”<br />
<br />
下午,机关召开大会,部长在会上宣布:“袁庚是美国特务,已经依法逮捕。”袁 庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和 刘丹ー,互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周 总理安全的情景,记忆犹新,那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间,周旋于华侨社会 之中,眼睛熬红了,人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场,天理何在?!<br />
<br />
与此同时,汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中,勒令交出所有的钥匙,开始抄家。 翻箱倒柜,从下午抄到天黑,然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时,オ发现三个 孩子被关在门外不准进家,左邻右舍也不敢收留,孩子们在抹眼泪……<br />
<br />
从此以后,袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里,也不知是死是 活,到哪里打听都说不知道。!969年,汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校,孩 子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”,但作为“反革命家属”， 她只能干最脏最累的活,如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎,痛得胳膊抬 不起来,医生建议回北京治疗,干校就是不准。直到!972年初夏,她的大孩子中印 就要下乡插队了,她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服,打点行装,オ被批准。<br />
<br />
1972年7月,袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后,有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去 探监。“他还活着,他还活着!”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。<br />
<br />
汪宗谦心酸地发现,袁庚行走困难,说话声音也变了,而且他不知道当时是何 年何月！<br />
<br />
原来监狱里日夜亮着灯,犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替,失去了时间的概念;<br />
睡觉时只准脸朝外,一条腿总是压在下边,时间长了造成萎缩;长期不讲话,声带都 沙哑了。<br />
<br />
我曾经听说,袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西,只有放风时在天井里看到 墙根的小草。问他是不是这样,他说:<br />
<br />
“不,还有蚂蚁,我对蚂蚁很有研究。”<br />
<br />
这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量!<br />
<br />
汪宗谦见过了袁庚,就为救他而奔走了。<br />
<br />
“没见他不知道他死活,既然知道他还活着,我就怕他死了!问题还没搞清,死 了孩子们都得背黑锅呀!他住在楼上,要到楼下的天井放风,上下都很辛苦,我到 中央接待站去上访,请求把他搬到楼下来,这个要求被接受了。”<br />
<br />
袁庚搬到楼下的ー间房,发现席子底下有一团花白的头发,他判断这里关过ー 个五十多岁的女同志。后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事,王光美 说:“没错,正是我住过的那间房。”<br />
<br />
袁庚出狱,已是1973年9月30日,整整关了 5年半。<br />
<br />
在狱中,睡觉时只要一转身,看守就在外边敲门。夜晚,敲门声常常把人惊醒。 袁庚回到家里,刚一入睡就惊醒了,这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年,这种心悸 病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能,却用了更长的时间。每天,汪宗谦搀 着袁庚,ー步,ー步,慢慢地走,越走越远,越走越快,走了一年之久,两条腿オ恢复 了平衡。<br />
<br />
更可悲的是,有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子,出来不会走直路了,一走就 转圈,连马路也不能过。人啊,人！人的尊严到哪里去了！<br />
<br />
经过一年多的休养治疗,1975年,袁庚被分配到交通部,当了外事局副局长。<br />
<br />
ー恢复工作,袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体ー样活跃起来。<br />
<br />
恢复工作之前,袁庚骑自行车上街,总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道,“不能开 慢点吗” !恢复工作之后,自己也坐上了小汽车,有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了, “不能靠边骑吗” !他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化,在心里警告自己道: “可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀!”<br />
<br />
多年来,这成了他的一个信条。<br />
<br />
十ー、香港第一课<br />
<br />
1978年,做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚,以花甲之年改行搞经济,被派<br />
<br />
到香港招商局担任副董事长。<br />
<br />
招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日,招商局 香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱,从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。 历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长,所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。 从李鸿章算起,袁庚是第29任了。<br />
<br />
香港招商局在极'左‘思想影响之下,经营单一,困守一隅,搞了几十年没有什 么发展。袁庚到任,根据中央定下的“以航运为中心,立足港澳,背靠内地,面向海 外,多种经营,工商结合,买卖结合”的方针,以铁腕大力整顿。<br />
<br />
袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说:<br />
<br />
“我到香港的第一课,就是买了一座大楼,非常便宜,只花了 6180万（港币）。 第一次交订金时,支票2000万。那天是星期五,当时讲好下午2点钟,在ー个律师 楼里,大家一手交钱,一手交货。我们开了 2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的 对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里,发动机都没有停。ー上去之后,大 家一手交货,一手交钱,签字。签完字,对方拿着支票,两个人夹住,下去了。剩下 ー个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度,马上存到银行里去了。 因为明天是礼拜六了,人家银行关门,礼拜天也关门,假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前 不到银行去交那个支票的话,他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支 票交给他。我们的财务去了,他回来向我们报告,他说当时那个场面是很动人的。 当然,我们闭着眼睛也能想到,资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重 视,当时浮动利息是!4厘,三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志,那就 无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去,回家。他没有这个观念!这就是香港第一课。 我也不怕自惭形秽,ー窍不通,我接触经济工作,仅仅是5年多前开始的。但ー开 始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多!招商局的子公司多的是,ー检查,发现支 票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了 ,换了一个华东 财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后,我就给他讲这个道理,ー个礼拜之内他就能够接 受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事,立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后,财源 滚滚而来。……这个’时间就是金钱’,不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我,其实 这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’,它说得比我还 厉害,时间重于金钱!”<br />
<br />
招商局走上轨道,袁庚就考虑进ー步的发展了。1979年初,他和有关同志带 着在蛇口开发エ业区的蓝图,到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志 很感兴趣,当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给エ业区,袁庚还没有这个胆量,只要了<br />
<br />
2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候,袁庚心里默默 地说:<br />
<br />
“先念同志,签吧,您这ー笔下去,将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀!”<br />
<br />
十二、淸新<br />
<br />
1984年8月,蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅,迎面是ー架屏 风,正中间挂着一幅草书,苍劲流畅的书法,引人注目,细看那内容,更是气度非凡。 这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本,把它抄了下来。<br />
<br />
登微波楼<br />
<br />
微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
<br />
时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
<br />
宝安袁庚<br />
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我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
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我有同感。<br />
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蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
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六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
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晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
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啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
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十三、心血<br />
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清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
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ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
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1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
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这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
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施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
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午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
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下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
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厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
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的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
<br />
我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
<br />
我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
<br />
龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
<br />
“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
<br />
“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
<br />
“你有什么打算?”<br />
<br />
“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
<br />
“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
<br />
“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
<br />
在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
<br />
十五、激动的工程师<br />
<br />
7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
<br />
蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
<br />
边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
<br />
“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
<br />
的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
<br />
“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
<br />
46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
<br />
他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
<br />
王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
<br />
袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
<br />
管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
<br />
当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
<br />
“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
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“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
<br />
“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
<br />
“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
<br />
“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
<br />
“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
<br />
“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
<br />
“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
<br />
“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
<br />
了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
<br />
父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
<br />
“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
<br />
当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
<br />
“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
<br />
“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
<br />
“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
<br />
“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
<br />
第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
<br />
12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
<br />
1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
<br />
王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
<br />
“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
<br />
“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
<br />
“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
<br />
“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
<br />
“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
<br />
“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
<br />
“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
<br />
王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
<br />
十六、年轻的总经理<br />
<br />
一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
<br />
说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
<br />
“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
<br />
只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
<br />
她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
<br />
“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
<br />
“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
<br />
“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
<br />
“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=155588Report CN EN 032023-06-04T16:39:12Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：5.痴情 */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情==<br />
<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with Long Hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old, civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies were always covered; whereas in the West, people loved nudity, which seemed to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个一丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there was a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush and painting a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting was not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, had you ever thought that some of us would cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us would stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, would come like snowflakes. You might even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Were you fearless, or seized by a whim? You were out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he was painting.<br />
<br />
他站在一间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着ー支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着一张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stood in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looked disheveled, and his bosom was stained with different colors. His hair was long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there was a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exactly did you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound Train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it was today. The platforms were clean, the corridors were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the southern regions of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North...<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像ー块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and a black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with the excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man -- that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes..."<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me..."<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows--the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"A business trip? Or visiting family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student in Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone..."<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What..."<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break..."<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man."<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. Resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
"So I don't understand art..."<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多少欢聚与悲离的 故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉一线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小伙子,而是一个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
During the long journey, as the young people of the same generation, it was the fate to meet each other in this running train! In life, many stories of reunion and departure were drawn by the heavy line across the land! The girl was close to the small table by the window, resting her chin in the hand, listening to the young man talk, and watching his expression. It seemed that he was not a young guy, but a strong and confident man. Calculating his age, he was even a few years older than the girl. Why did he give that illusion before? Alas, the age of men was really hard to guess...<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为一个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是一个有抱负、有才华的人!”<br />
<br />
Out of the female’s sensitivity, the girl suddenly felt shy and embarrassed. The condescending arrogance that she had just showed was now reversed and replaced by her hazy admiration. The girl looked at the painter's dress again, and the non-matching colors of black and red were not so conspicuous. Although the painter's cotton jacket was still so black, the collar of the underwear was still so crooked, and the hair was still so disheveled, in the eyes of the girl, they all became the evidence that the young man was a bachelor who was immersed in art and had no time to take care of himself, which touched the girl's heart of compassion: "It seems that he is an ambitious and talented man!"<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
The painter took out his drawing board, spread the paper and said to the girl, "Please allow me to make a sketch of you."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
The girl nodded her head.<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简直像一个拙笨的新手。好半天,才抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
The painter drew very slowly, feeling ill at ease. The more he tried to draw well, the more nervous he became, and the brush was out of control. He was like a clumsy novice. After a long time, he apologized and said, "Sorry, I didn’t draw well..."<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来一看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会”了画家的灵犀。<br />
<br />
When the girl took it and looked, two red clouds rose on her cheeks. This sketch was not as good as the one of the mechanic, and those rigid lines were flaws of the work. To say it bluntly, she looked uglier in the painting than she really was. Is that what I look like? The girl had a reason to make a protest. However, she understood and forgave the painter with a sweet smile. Honestly, she didn't even want to see him too calm, too relaxed, like facing the model in the studio. The girl no longer regarded "resemblance in appearance" as so important, and she “understood tacitly” the painter's spirit.<br />
<br />
画纸的一角是签名和年月——袁运生,画于1964年2月。<br />
<br />
In one corner of the paper were the signature and date--Yuan Yunsheng, painted in February 1964.<br />
<br />
画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "Give it to you."<br />
<br />
姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
<br />
The girl said, "Thank you, I’ll keep it as a memory."<br />
<br />
“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信地址?”<br />
<br />
"You see, I was so careless that I forgot to ask your name." The painter said, "Could you write down your mailing address?"<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
<br />
The girl smiled: "My name is Zhang Lanying." And she wrote down the address on the painter's sketchbook.<br />
<br />
火车抵达浦口,他们已经像一对熟识的老朋友了。从一个艺术型的医学院学生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
<br />
When the train arrived in Pukou, they already looked like two old friends. Many common temperaments could be found between an artistic medical student and a serious artist. The passengers on the same train thought they had known each other for a long time and treated them as a couple, saying goodbye to them with the appellation of “you two”.<br />
<br />
画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空一样清澈,像江水一样深沉……<br />
<br />
The painter sent the girl to the shore of the Yangtze River, a wet wind blowing from the river. It was time to part, and both of them were reluctant to leave. Lanying looked at Yuan Yunsheng with the warm and fond gaze, and that means everything! As clear as the sky, as deep as the river...<br />
<br />
呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江交织起来的一见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
Heh! Pretty girl, you were too sentimental. Did you know him? The story of love at first sight, woven by the main Beijing-Pukou line and the winding Yangtze River, was too indiscreet.<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
<br />
The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River<br />
<br />
在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,一只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认真地涂抹着油彩,画出一个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
<br />
In the days of glorious morning light of the 1950s, a young boy's delicate hand, holding a paintbrush, was earnestly spreading the paint on the linen to draw a little girl with the same earnest expression, who was imitating her sister's movement, tying a bright red scarf around her neck.<br />
<br />
这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐一样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
<br />
This oil painting was sent from Nantong in Jiangsu Province to Beijing as an assignment for applying for the highest academy of arts, presenting the young painter’s sparkling artistic talent and a crystal-clear heart. The title was "Growing up to be like my sister", painted by Yuan Yunsheng.<br />
<br />
看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年除夕送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出一批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的艺术功底。<br />
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When looking at this oil painting, people might think that the painter had a soft and gentle femininity. In fact, he was just the opposite. He was stubborn and unrestrained, like a boisterous colt. His love of painting since childhood was mainly influenced by his father. His father worked in a middle school in Nantong. In his spare time, he enthusiastically collected various fine art works. Every year on the New Year’s Eve, they would bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new, and his father would always hang a number of new paintings on the wall, including Chinese and foreign ones, like a small exhibition, full of the atmosphere of the art salon. The paintings collected at home gave Yuan Yunsheng some enlightenment in art. When he got a little bit older, he went to the Cultural Center in Nantong to participate in activities, attend lectures, learn to sketch, and paint, laying the first foundation of art.<br />
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当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来一副犟脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
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When he applied to the Central Academy of Fine Arts, his father said with worry: "The boy was born with stubbornness, which makes us uneasy."<br />
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哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,一个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人 需要有个性。”<br />
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His brother Yuan Yunfu, who was also involved in fine art, kept cheering him on: "Go ahead. people involved in fine art needs to have a personality."<br />
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1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
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In the summer of 1955, the Central Academy of Fine Arts announced the admission of new students, Yuan Yansheng ranking the first.<br />
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如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画派。这是19世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画就像一部小说或一出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝圣者像请佛一样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
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If Yuan Yunsheng's work for the entrance examination could be classified as a certain school of art, it would be the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions. It was a progressive school of painting that emerged in Russia in the 19th century. It simulated life, emphasized themes, and focused on plot. A painting was like a novel or a play. It inherited Rembrandt’s tradition of realism and absorbed the Impressionism’s achievements in the use of light and color. After the October Revolution, it enjoyed the supreme position in the Soviet art circle and was invited to China by Chinese pilgrims, like inviting the Buddha. Of course, Yuan Yunsheng, only 17 years old, did not know the essence of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, let alone that the school of art was linked to the school of politics.<br />
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他像奔跑在艺术山野 里的小鹿,一头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
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Like a fawn running in the wilderness of art, he bumped into the arms of Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions.<br />
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袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身 好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件 和艺术才能的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖力气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严格的训练——<br />
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Yuan Yunsheng was highly regarded by the academy. He was born in a good family (it was rare to have such a family background at that time) and excelled in the examination. He sat in the first-year classroom with a nimbus of political condition and artistic talent hanging over his head. He was elected as the commissary of Communist Youth League in charge of organization, who was totally the epitome of a socialist-minded and professionally competent man. He was also a real hard worker, and was very stubborn, taking everything seriously. Under the guidance of Soviet-style teaching methods, he received strict training--<br />
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挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与被画者保持绝对的耐性 。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面”,画上一整天,只画了半个头像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履的中年人走过来,这是礼聘 来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供同学们观摩。<br />
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Choosing a HB pencil, and sharpening it, and sketching in front of male and female models. The models were recruited at a very high price, both nude and non-nude. Under certain lights, the painter and the object stayed absolutely patient. He sketched out the outline at first, figured out the “light and plane”, and then drew all day long, only to have half picture of the head; the next day, the same scene was repeated under the same conditions; then, a middle-aged man with a high nose and deep eyes, dressed in a suit, came over, who was an expert invited cordially. Whenever he passed behind Yuan Yunsheng, his face often showed a look of satisfaction. Yuan Yunsheng got five points for all his sketches and oil paintings, which were sometimes hung in the classroom or in the corridor for students to watch.<br />
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这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉柯夫教学体系。袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀——苏联在中国土地上开办的艺术工厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
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That year, a sketch and oil painting teaching conference of national fine art academies was held in Beijing to promote the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union. A half-length portrait of a Chinese woman painted by Yuan Yunsheng was shown off on the conference--a standard mode produced by the art factory of the Soviet Union in China.<br />
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苏联专家的宠儿 ,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
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He was the favorite of the Soviet experts, and the pride of the Oil Painting Department. He had a lot of success and a bright future. He immersed himself in the painting all day long, with his hand keeping waving, like a devout disciple prostrating himself before his art idol, and praying that his soul would ascend to the temple of art, seating on a throne surrounded by roses with a crown of pearls… It was the highest ideal for college students majoring in oil painting at that time.<br />
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但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
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But the naive faith was not solid, like an edifice built on a thin and narrow foundation, which could easily collapse. Once it was subverted, it could cause endless troubles.<br />
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苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便朝那里走去。他停在一帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来一阵电灼般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
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Distress had come to him, and he brought it upon himself. One morning, he heard that there was an exhibition of paintings being held in the hall, and went there. He stopped in front of a sequence of copies of the oil paintings, casting a calm glance upon it, and his whole body felt an electric sensation. His heart was shaking, and his blood was boiling.<br />
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这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风 的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的感情,像酒一样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
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These were the works of the European Post-Impressionist painter Van Gogh, with ordinary and simple images: fields, haystacks, a clock reflected by the setting sun, and sunflowers in clay pots. In addition, there were some portraits of ordinary people: postmen, miners, movers, and inmates who were released for yard time. In these unpretentious pictures, the author poured out the strongest feelings, as strong as wine, like a flame burning!<br />
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看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格 。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生——向日葵,仿佛摇身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探求……这哪里是绘画呀,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每一线条和每一色块都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
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Look, the jagged trees were rebellious. The undulating earth seemed to tell of suffering. The painter poured deep feelings into those ordinary people. The still-life painting--sunflowers, seemed to turn into a living thing, stretching out its jumble of tentacles to the frozen space, capturing, swaying, and indefatigably seeking... It was not a painting, but a call of the painter's life, a representation of his character! Every line and every color block were flowing, coming through invisible channels to clamp people, annihilate them to a great vortex of emotion...<br />
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袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被一支锐利的艺术之箭射穿了。<br />
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Yuan Yunsheng walked out of the hall, with his legs wobbling, as if he was drunk, was hurt. His heart was pierced by a sharp arrow of art.<br />
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他回到宿舍,一头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高才生转瞬间变成西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
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He went back to the dormitory and threw himself onto the bed. It was ironic that a top student of the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union became a captive of the Western European Post-Impressionism in an instant.<br />
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宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地问:“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
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When the door of the dormitory opened, his roommate came in. Seeing him pale and tired, he asked in surprise, "Yunsheng, what happened to you?"<br />
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“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
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"I went to see an exhibition of Van Gogh's paintings." Yuan Yunsheng sat up in bed and said, "I've never been so excited by the works of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions..."<br />
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他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的基础。有这个就够了。下一步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚 。<br />
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He expressed his thoughts. In his opinion, the merit of Soviet painting theory lied in the emphasis on placing the object under certain light, observing the levels and hues with a subtle look, and tracing it carefully, which was the basis of all paintings. It was enough. The next step was to break free and move forward, not to limit themselves.<br />
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他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧上了天 ,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在干着什么蠢事呀? ……<br />
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He was right. Throughout the history of art, each school had its own process of formation, development, vicissitudes, and ups and downs. The Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions deserved its place in the art circle without dispute. But once it was praised to the skies, and promoted by administrative means, it would be counterproductive and bring suffocating disaster to the art. In fact, in the 1950s, painters all over the world, including Soviet painters, were running, exploring and innovating. And how stupid we were! ...<br />
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袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
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Yuan Yunsheng said excitedly: "We follow behind them and pick up what they have thrown away!"<br />
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好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,一个几亿人的社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎。<br />
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His good friends were familiar with his character and sympathized with his comments, but they worried about him. At that time, a society of hundreds of millions of people prostrated itself before Soviet idols, and his words were tantamount to a form of blasphemy.<br />
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从那以后,他变得不大安分 了, 一头温驯的伏尔加式的小鹿,现出烈性马驹的本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标。<br />
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From then on, he became rebel. A tame fawn, like the one on the Volga car, showed the true colors of a boisterous colt. In addition to completing the homework as usual, he improvised with mixed painting techniques, as if he was pursuing an ethereal goal.<br />
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目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
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The goal was finally found, unexpectedly close at hand.<br />
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从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭一张学生证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹…… <br />
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From the Shuaifuyuan where the Central Academy of Fine Arts was located, crossing the big roundabout between Wangfujing and Bamiancao, the Donghua Gate of the National Palace Museum was about a mile away. At that time, students from the Academy of Fine Arts enjoyed a special privilege. They could freely enter the imperial garden of ancient Chinese art with only a student ID card. Here he saw Chen Laolian’s “Bogu Yezi (A kind of card played while drinking in ancient China)” in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan’s “Qingming Shanghe Tu (Along the River During the Qingming Festival)” in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a large number of authentic works of famous painters of the Tang Dynasty…<br />
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他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
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His favorite work was the "Luo Shen Fu (The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River)" by Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.<br />
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长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象力!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人,栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱翔……<br />
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Long scroll, romantic conception, how imaginative! The landscape was peaceful and spacious, with quiet and wonderful rivers and mountains; the figures were lifelike, dancing in the air. Was the resemblance in appearance? Was the resemblance in spirit? Between likeness and unlikeness, that was the author's mind soaring…<br />
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他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条表现出高超的魅力。<br />
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He put his eyes close to the scroll. The brush strokes, appearing ageless for thousands of years, like the spring silkworms spinning fine and exquisite silk, drew freely. He thought of the Soviet oil painting theory that denied the existence of lines. But in Chinese painting, the general and terse lines showed the high charm.<br />
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站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他的思绪如抛出的一缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
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Standing in this ancient resplendent hall, a long flowing river of art swept passed by before his eyes, and his thoughts stretched out like a wisp of gossamer. If we compared the fashionable Western art and the ancient Oriental art to two poles, there seemed to be something between the two poles that was closely related. Oh, he understood. When we got into a mut, ignored what was near and seek what was far away, those elves and devils of abstractionism, fauvism, modernism and futurism quietly got essence and extracted nutrients from the Oriental art to strengthen their bodies. That was the secret.<br />
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祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
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Motherland, your art is not water, not wine, not milk, but the magical royal jelly!<br />
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虎丘<br />
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Huqiu<br />
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兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
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After parting with the painter in Pukou, Lanying returned to school in Suzhou. In the blink of an eye, it was March. With spring breeze and newly sprouted willow trees, the town of flowing water under bridges liked a young girl, who was unveiled, affectionate with a lot of charm. <br />
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姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
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The girl's state of mind was also bright like waking spring.<br />
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她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认识一下,如果手头有照片,请寄来一张。<br />
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She received the painter’s letter from Nantong. The style of writing was free and easy. In the girl’s words: "The level is quite high!" The letter recalled the unforgettable scene on the train and expressed his feelings of missing her. He also said that his parents and brothers would like to get to know the girl, and if she had photos, please sent one.<br />
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兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选一张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息一样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
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Lanying opened the photo album without hesitation, selected a small photo, attached a short reply, and sent it to Nantong. This small act contained an unusual meaning, just like the shortest electromagnetic microwave can transmit significant information, it clearly expressed: the girl agreed to be his girlfriend.<br />
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兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
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Lanying's upbringing conditioned her to making her own decisions. She was born in Shandong province and grew up in the regions south of the Yangtze River. After her parents died, she moved with the troops from childhood. Wherever she went, it was her home, and she developed the ability to live independently. Over the years, she always received the warmth from the group and her female companions, but was never constrained. Perhaps she was a bit spoiled and coaxed by others, which made her form a stubborn personality.<br />
<br />
此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,一见钟情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
<br />
At the moment, she had a novel feeling that she was happier than the people around her. Because she had a right man in her heart, who affected her emotions. She silently enjoyed the secret pleasure of the young girl in love for the first time. She even imagined that once the secret was revealed, how surprised and envious her female companions would be! In their minds, her vison was very high. She was great looking and came from a privileged background. No male classmates dared to develop a relationship with her. It was not easy to take her fancy. It was done so artfully, neither by her parents’ choice, nor by the match-maker’s recommendation. She met him on a trip, and fell in love at first sight, bringing everything lime a whirlwind, so that the girl was full of desire for a better life. It was really romantic! So, she wove the future scenarios with sweet silk, anxiously waiting for the response from Nantong. Did he receive her letter? Would the painter's parents comment her when looking at her photo? Was she too pretty, or not enough? Alas! It was really hard to guess… The girl's heart was like the weather in the south of the Yangtze River in March. The temperature and weather changed abruptly.<br />
<br />
学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
<br />
The school was preparing for the Women's Day celebration. Lanying was the commissary in charge of entertainment of the class, a major role that bore a heavy burden of responsibility. The time passed quickly as she arranged the programs, made a blackboard newspaper, and decorated the venue.<br />
<br />
“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄起话筒,一惊一喜——那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
<br />
On Woman’s Day, the curtain was opened, and everyone was watching the stage. Suddenly someone called Lanying to answer the phone. She took up the microphone, and was surprised and delighted -- it was the painter calling from the school's reception office.<br />
<br />
兰英极力掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,一阵风似的跑到学校的门口。<br />
<br />
Lanying tried to hide his excitement, turned to the students, vaguely explained a few words, and ran to the school gate like a gust of wind.<br />
<br />
画家站在那里,手中照例拿着一个速写本。<br />
<br />
The painter stood there, holding a sketchbook in his hand as usual.<br />
<br />
“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I just got off the train. I was passing through here after the home leave." The painter said.<br />
<br />
“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
<br />
"Please come in, do you … want to draw some sketches for our celebration?"<br />
<br />
“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……” <br />
<br />
"Not going in. I'd like to invite you out for a walk…"<br />
<br />
兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意味着向人生的一个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
<br />
Lanying hesitated for a moment. She was willing to accept the request, but also felt embarrassed. Since she entered the period of youth and became mature, Lanying spent this day with her female companions every year. Today she was going to leave her group, which meant saying goodbye to a stage of life. She thought about the discipline of the school, the opinion of classmates...<br />
<br />
“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
<br />
"Where are we going?" Lanying asked shyly.<br />
<br />
“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
<br />
"Huqiu." The painter's expression did not change.<br />
<br />
当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
<br />
When they got off the bus and stood at the foot of Huqiu Hill, the girl's uneasy heart was quieted down and relaxed. <br />
<br />
和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深”。沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
<br />
Compared with the small gardens in Suzhou City, Huqiu was a broad and quiet place to visit. The first two lines of Bai Juyi's poem on Huqiu were " The temple doesn't look far away, but it's very deep in the garden.” Walking along the stone path to the garden, there were many pines and cypresses, clear and blue sword pool, thick and tall groves of bamboo hiding the buildings and pavilions on the hillside: Temple of Chloris, Three Smiles pavilion... Walking deeper and there was more quiet, like walking into a sweet dream.<br />
<br />
这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在一起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
<br />
It was the first time Lanying had been alone with a man. There were mysterious waves in the girl’s heart. She felt that she had a lot to say to the painter, but she didn't know where to start.<br />
<br />
“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
<br />
"Have you received the photo?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I received. My family saw it and they all like you." The painter said.<br />
<br />
可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术。他对这一带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而倾倒。<br />
<br />
But the painter soon changed the subject. He commented on the local customs and culture of Suzhou and introduced the plastic art of the regions south of the Yangtze River. He seemed to be familiar with the area and knew a lot of anecdotes. The girl listened to him with great interest and was overwhelmed with admiration by the painter's profound knowledge.<br />
<br />
前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去 ,仿佛在祝福这一对美好的情侣。突然,一股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
<br />
Huqiu Pagoda was just ahead. The towering spire thrust into the blue sky and white clouds, magnificent and magical. Lanying and the painter ran towards the top of the hill with excitement. The painter stretched out his strong arm to support the girl. They were so close to each other, feeling the heat of each other's breath and heart beating. Pines, cypresses, and bamboo forests swayed backwards, as if they were blessing the wonderful couple. Suddenly, with a blazing feeling, they both stopped at the same time.<br />
<br />
这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰一样醉红,双唇像微微绽开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己一样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后一瞬……<br />
<br />
Here was surrounded by hills and trees, empty and silent. The painter stared at the girl with a frank and honest look; Lanying closed her eyes happily, ready to receive a baptism of love that would never be forgotten. The golden sunlight, through the branches of the trees, cast waving shadows on the girl’s face. Her cheeks were as red as roses, and her lips were like slightly blooming petals, more beautiful than usual. What a pure girl. Opening the window of her heart, there wasn’t any trace of dust and impurities. Although it was her second meeting with the painter, she trusted him and life as she trusted herself. Hold her tight, kiss her with fervor. She would be yours forever, from now until the last moment of your life…<br />
<br />
“兰英,我要告诉你一件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是‘右派’！”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I’ll tell you something." What she heard at this moment was the painter’s calm voice, “The first time was too late and the second time is not too late. I was classed as a 'rightist' when I was in college. Really, it was the 'rightist'!”<br />
<br />
霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
<br />
All of a sudden, the hills and trees, the ancient pagoda, were frozen in a deathly silence…<br />
<br />
孤岛上<br />
On a Lonely Island<br />
<br />
到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。1957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
<br />
Have you ever been to an island of the sea? The water and sky seemed to be mixed up together. The clouds came and went, and tide rose and fell. The island was a poem, a fresh and meaningful poem. At the turn of spring and summer in 1957, Yuan Yunsheng was in a poetic environment.<br />
<br />
他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
<br />
He went deep into the life on the island and practice drawing from nature. The Central Academy of Fine Arts required that second-year students had a two-month internship course; before the summer vacation, students went to different parts of the country. He and another student were the only ones who participated in the trip to the island. It was located on the shore of the Yellow Sea. There were only troops on the island, and no residents for miles around. The island provided him with a fortunate environment, getting away from the noise and disputes of the human world, and escaping the violent turmoil that happened in the mainland.<br />
<br />
小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体 ,心情是焦渴的。当蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
<br />
People on the island were closest to nature. Every morning, carrying the paint box on his back, he wandered on the beach covered with light yellow gravel and welcomed the first ray of happy sunshine. At the age of only eighteen, Yuan Yunsheng had already stood out from the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions and became a hazy composite of Chinese Classicism Painting and Western Modernism Painting, who was anxious. The blue sea sprinkled ten thousand golden stars and the sunglow filled his heart with brilliant colors. It was the moment when the young artist's life was burning. He hurriedly opened the paint box, spread the canvas and accepted the generous offer of nature.<br />
<br />
小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左右,才有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
<br />
The island was simple. Politics was proportional to the population, and there were less political topics here. Only a barge arrived to deliver newspapers and mail every ten days or so. While he and his companion were eating, they hastily opened the newspapers and skim through them. He was curious about the articles that appeared in the newspaper:<br />
<br />
“北京在鸣放 了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好啦……”<br />
<br />
"Beijing is allowing the people to express the views now. This article is interesting. This opinion should be adopted. Changing it like this will be good…"<br />
<br />
他看完报纸一扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块和线条的运用。<br />
<br />
He threw the newspaper away after reading it and then forgot about it. He did not care about anything else except painting. His road of life was bright, full of sunshine, with no clouds hanging over him and nothing to worry about. All he cared about was the use of light, color blocks and lines.<br />
<br />
年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队的宣传干事带到一间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
<br />
The only political question the young artist faced was raised by the local soldiers. One day, he was taken to a humble shed by a publicity officer of the troops, and a pair of trusting eyes were cast upon him.<br />
<br />
“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, you have asked to go to another island to paint, right?"<br />
<br />
“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
<br />
"Yes, we want to go there."<br />
<br />
“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
<br />
"The troops have studied it. You can go, but your classmate stays."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查 。你们学校填写了两份材料,你的情况单纯 。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
<br />
"A permanent military project is being built on the island. Those who go there have to pass a political vetting. Your college filled out two documents, and your background is simple. Your classmate can't go, mainly because of family problems…"<br />
<br />
袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是一种荣幸,既然生活当中存在这样一些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng frowned. It was an honor to be invited alone. Since there were such rules in life, he went to there alone and no one could blame it. But it brought him more trouble than excitement. He knew his classmates. They were all members of the Communist Youth League and were the backbone of the students. Why should they be distinguished? With his artistic way of thinking, he decided that it was a proposition of conscience and friendship.<br />
<br />
“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
<br />
"Hey, I got it." He went back to the dorm and said to his companion, "The island is building fortifications, drilling and blasting, filled with smoke. There is nothing to paint. We've been out for a long time, let's just go back to the college!"<br />
<br />
不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大 登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活见鬼 !中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
<br />
Soon, he and his classmate crossed the sea and landed at Lvda City. The cool sea breeze blew against the beautiful city, arousing the interest of sightseeing. They wandered the streets. The scenery was charming, the buildings were quirky and everywhere was full of Russian atmosphere. When Yuan looked up at the signposts, which wrote the street names like “Makarov”, he complained: "Damn it! Why does the street of Chinese city have to be named after a Russian general? What a bummer…" A few days later, they stood in the blue harbor, casting a last glance at the ocean waves, and turned around to set foot on the way back.<br />
<br />
不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
<br />
He didn’t expect that it was a farewell to the blue life.<br />
<br />
北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷 ,使海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头 ,有碍“百花齐放”。袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
<br />
Beijing had changed. Returning from the island, he was amazed by the swift counterattack, the overwhelming criticism, and the petals scattered on the ground in the campus. What puzzled him most was the situation of Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the academy. He heard that the secretary of the Party Committee made a mistake because he advocated the revolutionary school of painting too far, which hindered "all flowers blooming together". Yuan Yunsheng really didn’t understand what the “revolutionary school of painting” had to do with the “rightist”.<br />
<br />
袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? 一连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng hid in the dormitory, immersing himself in gathering up his sketches. Perhaps, he was safe. He advocated inheriting ancient Chinese art and drawing on western modern art, which should be conducive to the "blooming of a hundred flowers". How could he not be safe. For several days, he chased the white clouds, waves and seagulls, lost in the memories of his trip to the sea…<br />
<br />
有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像一个漏了税的走私犯接受审讯。<br />
<br />
One day, he was suddenly called to the classroom and stood in front of the people, like a smuggler being tried for tax evasion.<br />
<br />
摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名——“反苏” 。 <br />
<br />
He was faced with a host of problems: deviant views in art, sympathetic remarks to the "rightist", "poisoning" on the island and in Lvda, and a terrible accusation throughout it -- "anti-Soviet".<br />
<br />
究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐 ,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
<br />
The answer to who denounced him could be found by using elementary mathematics, but it was meaningless. Since he had thought so, and said, he said bluntly to anyone, with an honest heart.<br />
<br />
他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他一挥手:“请你到外面等一会儿。”<br />
<br />
He racked his brain to repeat what he had said, and the presenter waved to him: "Please wait outside for a moment."<br />
<br />
他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听见屋里在争论。<br />
<br />
He left the classroom and stood in the corridor, feeling relieved and comfortable. The corridor was only one door away from the classroom, and he heard an argument in the room.<br />
<br />
有人说:“够了……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "That's enough…”<br />
<br />
有人说:“还不够……”<br />
<br />
Someone said: "Not enough...”<br />
<br />
有人说:“态度还好……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "The attitude is not bad…"<br />
<br />
他的好友在替他争辩,另一些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
<br />
His best friends were arguing for him, and others were insisting on something, which sounded interesting. Then there was silence… Then, he was called back to the classroom.<br />
<br />
“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, after research, you've been classified as a 'rightist'!"<br />
<br />
政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色——红与黑。点朱泼墨,二者居其一,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不同,观点对立,照样用黑笔一勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
<br />
The oil painting box of the political movement had only two colors--red and black, which was different from the oil painting box of the artist. The only way to choose between cinnabar and ink was to rely on fortune-telling. He and Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, were of different ages, different background colors, and opposing views, but they were both outlined by black brushs with the same destination and the painting procedures were highly simplified.<br />
<br />
晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
<br />
In the evening, he rode the bike to Baijiazhuang, where his brother Yuan Yunfu lived. He rocked back in the sofa: "I am."<br />
<br />
哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
<br />
His brother smiled and asked, "What are you?"<br />
<br />
“我是’右派’了。”<br />
<br />
"I'm a 'rightist' now."<br />
<br />
“呵?”哥哥大吃一惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
<br />
"Huh?" His brother was astonished, "What mistake did you make?"<br />
<br />
“我没犯错误。”<br />
<br />
"I didn't make a mistake."<br />
<br />
“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
<br />
"Then why are you classified as a 'rightist'?"<br />
<br />
“他们说我是,就是啰 。”<br />
<br />
"They said I am. So I am."<br />
<br />
“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
<br />
"No! No!" His brother was trembling.<br />
<br />
“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
<br />
"What’s wrong with that?" He said evenly, "I still paint, still go to school, still engage in arts."<br />
<br />
他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山造湖,兴修水库,一颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地指挥部,请求一边干活一边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人来访。<br />
<br />
He really did not know pain yet. Soon after, hundreds of thousands of people in the capital swarmed to the out to the suburbs to move mountains and create lakes and build reservoirs in the gorge of the Ming Tombs, and a naive heart was touched. He thought how good it would be to see so many people working together to do one thing. He took his oil painting box and rode more than one hundred miles by bike to the construction headquarters, asking to be able to work and spent the spare time painting. They refused, explaining that according to the regulations, they would not accept personal visits.<br />
<br />
又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他一个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
<br />
Shortly afterwards, he went into the construction site by bus with a large group of people from the Central Academy of Fine Arts. How excited he was! He did as much work alone as several men together, carrying six baskets for holding earth on one pole, and running fast on the rugged mountain road. At noon, when others took a nap, he held his painting clipboard and went to the mountain to paint under the scorching sun. Until he was exhausted and staggered back to the shed, he still didn’t feel bitter. Because it was her own choice. He was motivated by the boiling life and generously gave his energy, feeling that it was a great pleasure.<br />
<br />
可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成呵斥的嗓门,一张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了——仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
<br />
But the atmosphere in the shed had changed. The students gathered around him, pointing at him, and saying that he was disobedient, did not accept reform, and should not paint any more… He was stunned. He didn’t know that it was a criticism meeting, and he didn’t understand what they said. He only felt that familiar eyes became harsh eyes, intimate expressions became indifferent expressions, and peaceful voices became scolding voices. Their mouths were moving, and hands were shaking. Suddenly he understood--just one thing: he was different from others!<br />
<br />
他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
<br />
He opened his bloodshot eyes wide, wriggled his dry lips, and fell down with his hands on his head.<br />
<br />
过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
<br />
Because of overwork and mental simulation, he contracted serious dysentery. The illness dragged on from summer to winter, and later he was sent to an unheated hut at college.<br />
<br />
小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活 ,学校当局不再放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他才感到了痛苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出一串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
<br />
The hut was cold and damp, where dripping water could freeze. His body was hot with a high fever. College authorities no longer concerned about his condition. A year ago, he was the pride of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, who became an abandoned orphan now. He felt the pain, the pain of being strangled in art, exceeding the physical pain, like being pushed into a terrible hell. No! In the spiritual realm of art, there was only heaven, not hell. He was forced to learn to be inferior, but he could never learn it. In a coma, cluttered thoughts were flashing, as if he was flying after the seagulls, and dancing with the Goddess of the Luo River. He tossed and turned and struggled, with a series of moans, as if not willing to sink, but to climb out of the dark hell…<br />
<br />
屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
<br />
A faint white light came through the door and he heard the sound of footsteps. Looking there attentively, he found that his friend stood in front of the bed, casting sympathetic and concerned eyes at him.<br />
<br />
他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是一种负担。我需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
<br />
He sat up quickly: "Please don't come to see me again. I understand that it is a burden for others to be close to me. I need friendship, but not pity. What I need now is solitude, solitude, let me be alone!"<br />
<br />
新月<br />
<br />
The Crescent Moon<br />
<br />
夕阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野 闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对青年男女。<br />
<br />
The setting sun cast a golden glow on Huqiu and fell on the other side of the hill. The clear and quiet lights shimmered on the hill, which was connected to the transparent dusk, reflecting the stately profile of the millennium pagoda, like a contemplative old man overlooking a young couple in the hill.<br />
<br />
这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们一页一页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像一阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只残忍的巨手一挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择 。<br />
<br />
This moment was long enough for Lanying. There were tragedies and comedies in love stories that had been passed down through the ages, attracting people to read them page by page. However, the second page of Lanying's story was unbearable. The tender feelings of a girl who was in her first love: happiness, novelty, joy… For an instant they vanished like a gust of wind, as if with the wave of a cruel hand, everything sank, everything disappeared, and a problem was put before the girl, severe, cold, and emotionless, turning the sweet assignment into a cold choice of stakes.<br />
<br />
在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的一群 ,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以“杀气腾腾”“煽风点火 ”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁愿与鬼蜮联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
<br />
In those years, in this land, as long as people mentioned the "rightist", a bunch of greys flashed before their eyes, like shadows, like ghosts, as if they killed a man, commit arson, or poison something. It seemed that they were all charged with “murder”, “fanning the flames”, “drug trafficking” and so on. Their souls were sentenced to death, leaving only soulless shells of bodies. The shell, could breathe but could not speak, and must work but could not harvest. The only tolerance that society gave them was to give them more time than convicts sentenced to death, turning their shells into mud. Who would want to be married to a ghost? Who wanted to be with a zombie? Lanying faced such a choice.<br />
<br />
在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每一个姑娘都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵——询问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,工资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称一称。爱情的内容转变了,转变为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义 。<br />
<br />
In an environment where marriage and politics were tied together, every girl had to make considerations, either to enjoy honor, or to have misfortunes with her husband. <br />
Under the same dusk, how many girls in the world were considering it -- asking the man’s family background, political affiliation, education background, job, salary, rank… asking his direct value and everything indirectly translated into value, and then weighing them on the balance of love. The content of love had been transformed into the process of exchange of commodities, which gradually became common and natural.<br />
<br />
兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算 。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
<br />
Lanying had more rights to make her own decisions. She was receiving higher education. She would be a nurse in the future, whose had blood of martyrs in her veins. The organization was considering her to join the Communist Party of China. She was as proud as a daughter of an eminent family, as beautiful as Snow White… Every intersection of life would provide the green light for her. with sons from aristocratic families for her to choose and high position and great wealth to enjoy. But life seemed to play ticks on her. It was the black devil who came to her side, not the angel of love. It was not late to break off the relationship with him at once, and there was no obligation on conscience and morality.<br />
<br />
兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越 ,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气 。因此,她还不懂得利害。<br />
<br />
Lanying lost in painful thought. She was in a privileged situation and had pure experiences, remaining unspotted from the world. Therefore, she did not understand the stakes.<br />
<br />
政治运动对姑娘来说,像一场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些“右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她还时常听到这样的告诫:有才华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不断得到强化。<br />
<br />
The political movement was like a vague dream for the girl. In 1957, she was an innocent girl studying in middle school. She took part in the denunciation, with her mouth, with her pen, with her outraged feeling. The war was over before she could see the enemies clearly. She only saw the backs of the prisoners. Later, when the girl was a little older, whenever she heard that someone was a "rightist", she could not help but look at him with curiosity. She saw that most of the "rightists" were scholars, professors, artists, writers, business backbone , celebrities and so on. She also often heard the admonition: talented people often had strong personalities; people with strong personalities often suffered setbacks. The direct and converse theorem of real life had been repeated in various tones, and the girl’s impression of it was constantly reinforced.<br />
<br />
抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的嘲讽。<br />
<br />
The abstract concept of friend or foe formed a concrete conclusion in the girl's mind, which was a sad mockery of the solemn political movement.<br />
<br />
眼前的画家又是一个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离经叛道的歧路 ,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为政治问题?为什么要让一个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的才华……什么是才华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下一颗蓝色的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
<br />
The painter before her was another example. Because the painter opposed the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, he was declared to be on an unorthodox and evil path and was sentenced to death in politics. The girl could not understand why the issue of art had to be turned into a political issue? Why should a Chinese hot-blooded young man be sacrificed to a foreign altar as a lamb to be slaughtered? Wasn't it ludicrous? Such a ludicrous thing actually happened. Perhaps, it further proved that the painter was not a meek lamb, but a fearful calf, attracting jealousy from others. It further proved the painter’s courage and insight, indomitable nature and precious talent… What was talent? For the simplehearted girl, it was the light of life, the garland of youth, the transcendence of ignorance, the sublimation of knowledge. It made money and wealth eclipsed, made gain, lose, fame and bad reputation ruin and loss become a passing cloud, like a bright horizon that divided the clear sky and turbid earth. Foolish girls liked to adorn themselves with jewels, but noble girls were full of spiritual aspirations. She was willing to pick a blue star and set it on the heart of love... Lanying broke the silence and said to the painter in a deep voice: "Don't mention those things of your past to me again. I don't think you've made a mistake…"<br />
<br />
画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子 ,也是有限的宽恕,一切还同过去一样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "But everyone else thinks so. Even if they took the hat off, the forgiveness would be limited, and everything would be the same as before. You can't associate with people like me. You must consider the consequences."<br />
<br />
“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
<br />
"I don't care about the consequences. No matter what other people think, I trust my instincts."<br />
<br />
“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are your instincts?"<br />
<br />
“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
<br />
"My instinct is that you are talented!"<br />
<br />
这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激动的光辉:“世上有才华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
<br />
It was the highest praise for an "enemy of society”. Her tone showed a significant preference, which should bring enough relief to the painter. But the painter stood there with a stoney expression. The radiance of excitement in his gaze was worn away: "There are many talented people in the world, including glorious victors and miserable losers. Why do you prefer me? You’ll regret it in the future…"<br />
<br />
难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把才华糟蹋得像一块抹布的年月里,这句话,他不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子无才便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,才华再也不是令知识分子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
<br />
No wonder the painter reacted indifferently. It was not the first time he had heard the phrase in the years when his talent was ruined like a rag. Anyone could give it to him. Beneath the hypocritical compliment was a deliberate mockery. "A woman without talent is virtuous", now also applied to men. Even if he was trampled underfoot, mercilessly flogged, covering with cuts and bruises, they could pat him on the shoulder and told him to get up and go to work. At that time, talent was no longer a flower that made intellectuals have smug feelings, but a bitter medicine that touched their feelings of sorrow.<br />
<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
<br />
Lanying’s and the painter's eyes met. The painter's eyes, probing and frank, with a deep flame of self-esteem and some expectations, shot all the way to the girl's heart. Lanying could not resist this stare that could penetrate through everything, and her heart was shivering…<br />
<br />
兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费力气地获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被搞得阴阳颠倒！一时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到一颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙一样晶莹闪烁。<br />
<br />
Lanying suddenly remembered that it was her second meeting with the painter, in this quiet mountain forest, a secluded valley far away from the city. Wasn't today Women's Day? Ordinarily, he could easily win the girl’s heart with his gentleness and gallantry. However, he brought frustration, which couldn’t wait to broke the girl's calm. He said the truth, revealed the hidden pain, casting ominous clouds. He knew that it could cause irreversible consequences, but insisted on doing it. What exactly was it for? How upright and poised he was! Why was such a person said to be a terrible devil? The vanished soul? Life was so unfair! Honesty for disaster, cunning for glory, how much right and wrong in the world had been turned upside down! For a moment, Lanying felt that the ravine, valley and river in front of her had been filled in. Through the evening mist, she saw a sincere heart, glittering and shining like agates.<br />
<br />
兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
<br />
Lanying said excitedly, "I decided."<br />
<br />
画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "You love me?"<br />
<br />
“喜欢。”<br />
<br />
"Yes."<br />
<br />
“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
<br />
"What do I have to be loved?"<br />
<br />
“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
<br />
"Because you are honest, and love needs honesty."<br />
<br />
画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝 里滚动。<br />
<br />
The painter's whole body shocked, and he threw himself on the girl and buried his head in her arms. In one moment, the strong man turned into a child that curled up, with tears welling up in his eyes.<br />
<br />
一弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
<br />
A crescent moon rose. The ancient pagoda was solemn, and the bamboo forest whispered. The bright silver light shined on the girl, who was like a silver statue of goddess.<br />
<br />
画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
<br />
The painter was like embracing a treasure that he never wanted to lose. For many years, he lived and behaved with integrity, and infatuated with art. But no one had ever given such an evaluation on him. Today, the girl judged his conscience, filling his lonely heart with light. He was satisfied and relieved, feeling that he got the greatest reward for the hardship he had suffered for years…<br />
<br />
双桥<br />
<br />
Shuangqiao<br />
<br />
当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢——充当囚犯, 颠沛流离 ,饱尝辛酸……<br />
<br />
Contemporary artists have great passion to pursue their own artistic styles, and those who had suffered misfortune had unique styles that could not be replaced by others. Who wants to repeat their experience--to be a prisoner, to wander, to endure all kinds of hardships…<br />
<br />
翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
<br />
Open Repin’s collection, and look at ''Barge Haulers on the Volga''.<br />
<br />
我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石磙,弓着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下一闪一闪。<br />
<br />
There is a picture similar to ''Barge Haulers on the Volga'' before us, a living picture. The sun was hot, and the air was burning. On the golden wheat field, a young man pulled a stone roller with the posture of the barge hauler on the Volga. He bowed, head down, with a rope trip on his shoulder, hands almost down to the ground. Sweat was running down his bare back, glowing and winking in the sun.<br />
<br />
这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是最年轻的一个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石磙,一拉就是一天。<br />
<br />
This was Shuangqiao Farm in Beijing, one of the earliest state farms, which was famous for its mechanized production. But the artists from the Central Academy of Fine Arts did the work like animal labor. Yuan Yunsheng was the youngest among more than twenty people, who volunteered to do the heaviest work. He pulled the stone roller on the wheat field all day.<br />
<br />
二十几个人住在一间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。几年前,在他们头顶上发生的 那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成为一门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向两极。<br />
<br />
More than twenty people lived in a large room, with shabby windows and doors, and flies and mosquitoes flying freely in and out. There were two rows of wide beds for a number of people and tables made of wooden boards in the room. The dean, professors, teaching assistants and students were equally treated here. The explosion that happened above their heads a few years ago caused different reactions in each of them. Some were silent, some were endlessly repentant, some were calm, and some were trembling, just as the mechanics of the explosion developed into a unique craft, capable of both destruction and construction, making their spiritual models distinctly polarized.<br />
<br />
袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头一个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,一头畜力转眼间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng returned to the room from the wheat field, his first action was to fall on the drawing board by the bed. The animal became an artist with glittering eyes at once, just like the miracle of a magic show by a magician. With the drawing board under his arm, he looked for prey everywhere. He was the master of everything in the territory of visual image.<br />
<br />
他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着他。试问 ,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展示了情景交融的空间——略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
<br />
He doggedly innovated, of his own accord and under duress. He had to reform through labor, and made art at the same time, who needed to adapt to the new environment because he could not leisurely portray objects like oil painters. Applying the achievements of line modeling in Chinese painting to Western oil painting, which was a hazy pursuit before, now became a bright flame that attracted him strongly. Who had ever seen the existence of "line" in life? And he saw it. He observed the layers of light, analyzed the light and plane of the object, trying to grasp the moment when a plane met another plane. The changing, transitional, and wonderful division showed clear lines on the retina, which commanded the hand and pen through the processing of the brain, the exaggeration of emphasis and the appropriate deformation, drawing firm or soft lines on the sketch, as simple as Chinese paintings, as precise as Western paintings, like a Peking Opera artist on an empty stage, showing the space that feelings mingled with scenes with his nuanced hand movements, expression of eyes and body motions--a remarkable painting language that was slight but not empty, with real in its emptiness.<br />
<br />
他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
<br />
He figured it out. Since his paintings would never be cared again, let alone exhibited, he could let his pen draw freely. During the days in the farm, he made more than two thousand sketches with pens, brushes and pencils, far more than the number of assignments for students in fine art colleges. With heavy work and strong foundation, he went toward his goal. A large pile of sketches on his bedside was the accumulation of his faith and the ocean of spirit.<br />
<br />
住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
<br />
Among the people living in the same room, there was a stern elder who often watched the young painter's behaviors. He was Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy. Jiang Feng's gaze was astonished. He didn’t know his student before, but now he was touched by Yuan Yunsheng's enthusiasm for hard work and advancement.<br />
<br />
“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去！”<br />
<br />
"I really don't understand why the student like you should be labeled as a 'rightist'?" Jiang Feng said to Yuan Yunsheng, "Draw it. As long as you think it's right, you can draw it according to your will!"<br />
<br />
这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
<br />
It was the direct teaching Yuan Yunsheng heard from the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, not in the grand academy, but in the hard adversity. This teaching impressed him forever.<br />
<br />
一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
<br />
One day, people living in the same room held a review meeting. Some of them confessed as usual, but Jiang Feng declaimed, criticizing the proneness to boasting and exaggeration in publicity, the disconnect between economic policy and economic base, and the hazards of "Left" opportunism, just like a level-headed politician without the slightest self-consciousness of an offender. He was still him, maintaining human dignity, and exercising the rights of the brain and mouth. Yuan Yunsheng listened, filled with admiration.<br />
<br />
散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特儿是清癯的、憔悴的,一副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出一个美的灵魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
<br />
After the meeting, Jiang Feng read a book with his head on the desk. Yuan Yunsheng quietly picked up the drawing board and looked towards him. The model in front of him was skinny and haggard, with a contemplative look. However, in the painter's mind, a beautiful soul was reflected, as hard and transparent as diamonds. The painter used his brush to draw a portrait of him with ease and verve.<br />
<br />
“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
<br />
"Oh, I'm much thinner than before." Jiang Feng took the sketch and said with emotion, "Leave this painting to me. You and I have a memorable friendship…"<br />
<br />
这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
<br />
The sketch was paired with a frame, hanging in Jiang Feng's home for many years.<br />
<br />
一个被撤职的党委书记,一个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
<br />
A dismissed secretary of the Party Committee, and a young man forced to stop school. Neither of their personalities were distorted under the weight. Once the personality had overcome the ordeal, it was like cast iron. It was the same to admit it or not.<br />
<br />
雨纷纷<br />
<br />
The Drizzling Water <br />
<br />
画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业分配。<br />
<br />
The painter parted with Lanying in Suzhou and returned to Changchun. They exchanged letters from time to time. A year later, Lanying was facing job assignment after graduation.<br />
<br />
东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降临头上。<br />
<br />
The Northeast was very unfamiliar to Lanying. In her imagination, it was distant borderlands covered with snow and ice, a terrible place so cold that the nose, ears and chin could be frozen off. None of the students wanted to be assigned to the Northeast. They were used to the affluent conditions and warm climate of lands of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River, and the mere mention of the Northeast made their hair stand on end, as if the doom of exile had fallen on their heads. <br />
<br />
兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
<br />
Lanying was regardless of anything. In the girl's mind, where he was, there was spring, and there was a bonfire! She was willing to suffer cold and hunger just by his side.<br />
<br />
当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying proposed to the organization of his aspiration for assignment, the other side was shocked: “Ah, you already have a boyfriend! How long have you known each other? What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
姑娘一五一十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住 。<br />
<br />
The girl answered one by one. She thought that it could not be hidden sooner or later.<br />
<br />
兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象力,把故事编得像田园牧歌一样美妙——<br />
<br />
Lanying’s story spread through the college. Oral litterateurs were not lack in imagination, and made up the story as beautiful as an idyllic pastoral --<br />
<br />
“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
<br />
"Hey, did you hear? Lanying asked to be assigned to Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
<br />
"So far away! Why do you want to go there?"<br />
<br />
“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子。”<br />
<br />
"She met a boyfriend, one of the most beautiful men in Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那个人干什么的?”<br />
<br />
"What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
<br />
"He's an actor at Changchun Film Studio. He acted many movies."<br />
<br />
“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
<br />
"Of course it is good to have an actor as boyfriend. He can go everywhere in the country. <br />
Studios are in big cities, and Lanying can be transferred to wherever she likes!"<br />
<br />
但是,在学校的一间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
<br />
But in a small room of the college, Lanying's head was under the weight of thousand pounds, and furious and disappointed eyes were cast at him: “You are too naïve in politics. Who is he? A ‘rightist', who is anti-Party and anti-socialist. Who are you? The descendant of revolutionary martyrs, member of the Communist Youth League, and the Party organization's development target. Won’t you feel sorry about your dead parents? And the Party?<br />
<br />
兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了……”<br />
<br />
Lanying argued: "His hat had been taken off…"<br />
<br />
“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样一个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣个黑锅背一辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
<br />
"Whether his hat had been taken off or not, it was all the same. If one has such a family, he could not shake it off. But you want to have the injustice and carry it for the rest of your life. How silly you are!"<br />
<br />
“我乐意……”<br />
<br />
"I don’t care…"<br />
<br />
“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍白,四肢麻木,像是一个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
<br />
"Don’t say any more! You are already his prisoner, standing on a cliff. You have to break off with him, and never meet him again. If he writes to you, you hand it over to the organization to deal with!" Lanying sat in a corner of the room, pale and numb, like a rebel on trial. What did she have to say? A simple-hearted girl confided in others the secret of love for the first time, who should receive happy congratulations. However, she received brutal reprimand and forced interferences, and it was useless to argue with them. She dragged herself back to the dormitory.<br />
<br />
更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她,好像她做了什么亏心事。一颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
<br />
What was harder to bear was the mute weight. Her classmates looked at her with scorn and whispered about her as if she had done something against conscience. A pearl once held in the palm of the hand suddenly became the object of ridicule, so that she tasted the fickleness of the world, the ups and downs of fate, and aroused a strong feeling of rebellion.<br />
<br />
她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨——爸爸生前的战友。<br />
<br />
She wrote a letter and sent it to an aunt in Hangzhou, a former comrade of her father.<br />
<br />
阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
<br />
The aunt soon sent a telegram, asking her to go to Hangzhou and talking with her face to face.<br />
<br />
兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空一样阴郁。<br />
<br />
When she arrived in Hangzhou, it was drizzling. The aunt took her to her residence, and was very hospitable with smile, trying to make her happy. However, Lanying's face looked sad, as gloomy as the sky.<br />
<br />
“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说，“我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
<br />
"What if you worry yourself into illness?” The aunt said, "Let me go out for a walk with you.”<br />
<br />
她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
<br />
They went to Orioles Singing in the Willows of the West Lake with a umbrella.<br />
<br />
西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
<br />
The West Lake was silvery gray in front of Lanying. The sky was silver, and the water was silver. The atmosphere was drifting with silver powder that looked like rain but not rain, which he could not feel, and her clothes seemed to be getting wet but not.<br />
<br />
兰英的眉心舒展 了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
<br />
Lanying felt more comfortable: "The scenery here is so beautiful!"<br />
<br />
“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢，”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍一个男朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证会喜欢他……”<br />
<br />
"It is worth coming here, right. There is another happy thing," said the aunt with a smile, "I’ll introduce to you a boyfriend. He is a member of the party and does confidential work in the army. He is handsome and you are well matched in age. I’m sure that as long as you are willing to meet him, you are going to like him…"<br />
<br />
兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
<br />
Lanying was on the alert at once: "Did you invite here just for this?"<br />
<br />
阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养感情嘛……”<br />
<br />
The aunt said: "I’m doing this for your own good. Relationship needs to be cultivated. You don’t have relationship with him now, but you can cultivate it…"<br />
<br />
姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进一团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲径好像布满陷阱。一种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。给你!”<br />
<br />
The girl only felt that her chest was stuffed with a mess. The beautiful scenery of the West Lake had become nasty, and the winding path under her feet seemed to be fraught with pitfalls. A feeling of being fooled came over her, and she said angrily: "I don't want to see anyone. Here you are!"<br />
<br />
兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
<br />
Lanying shoved the umbrella into the aunt's hand, turned and ran away through the cold rain. Behind her, the lake water lapped at the shore, making a rhythmic sound, like heaving sighs…<br />
<br />
回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
<br />
Back to the residence, the first thing Lanying did was to pack things, ready to return to Suzhou. The aunt came over and said calmly, "Lanying, I know your temper. Once you have decided something, no one can persuade you…"<br />
<br />
“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
<br />
"I appreciate that you know it." The girl said tonelessly.<br />
<br />
“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好好谈谈吧……”<br />
<br />
"I have only one request." said the aunt, "Since you came to Hangzhou, it does not hurt to stay one more day. Let's talk about it in the evening…"<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
<br />
At night, Lanying and the aunt sat face to face by lamplight.<br />
<br />
“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I trust your eyes. The person you like must be good." The aunt said calmly. “Our party implements a policy of uniting and reforming intellectuals, and people like him still have a role to play."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "I thought the same thing…"<br />
<br />
“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们一些好处。打个比喻吧,好比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那些人再好,也不能使用。你多想一想吧……”<br />
<br />
"But let me tell you more detailed information." The aunt said, "At present we do not have a team of intellectuals of our own. If we don’t rely on them, who can we rely on? If we want to use them, we have to give them some benefits. To use an analogy, it is like a jelly bean to coax children. The little sweetness will soon melt. When our own team grows up, they can’t be used any more no matter how good they are. Think more about it…”<br />
<br />
姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头一次听说,在政策的背后还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
<br />
After the girl listened to the thorough analysis, she was bewildered. She heard for the first time that there were policies behind a policy. The infinite mysteries of life were enough for her to digest slowly.<br />
<br />
这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。一个势单力孤的女子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越 ,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为一个农家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
<br />
That night, Lanying lost sleep. At the deadest time of the night, she was thinking about the painter who was far away and gradually came to realize that there were more serious obstacles between them than ice, snow, storms, mountains and rivers. A weak woman, powerless to push away the weight of society, tradition and mentality, felt that the future was infinitely uncertain. Did the girl regret having fallen in love with him? She could not find a reason to condemn herself. Their love was witnessed by the green hill and bright moon, without a trace of dust. She could only regret that she came from a privileged background and was fully favored, so that her love was also shackled. The girl would rather be reborn again for him… She fell asleep in a daze and had a sweet dream that she was transformed into a farm girl and met the painter among the white mountain and the black water. The whole world was pure as if it was covered with silver and jade… When she woke up, she found that it was just a delusional dream. The fate had been doomed, and everything was irreversible. The girl was desperate, with hot tears like a broken line of beads, from the cheeks constantly rolling down...<br />
<br />
第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看一看就会明白的。”<br />
<br />
The next day, the aunt put a magazine in front of Lanying: "This is what I found from the library, you will understand if you read it."<br />
<br />
这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到一篇文章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的一小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的题目¬¬——<br />
<br />
It was a magazine of ''Fine Arts'' published in that year. With trembling hands, Lanying opened the pages and found an article. The article criticized an oil painting by Yuan Yunsheng and included a photo of it. What was that? The painting was shrunken into a small and pitiful piece that could not be seen clearly. The girl finally found the title of the painting--<br />
<br />
水乡记忆<br />
<br />
Memory of the Water Town<br />
<br />
“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
<br />
"It’s okay. It’s okay. It would burn if you continue frying it."<br />
<br />
“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
<br />
"Be gentle, don't let others hear it."<br />
<br />
“我先尝尝——哈,又香又脆!”<br />
<br />
"Let me taste it first--ha, it’s delicious and crispy!"<br />
<br />
“放开肚皮吧 ,反正不花钱……”<br />
<br />
"Tuck in. It doesn’t cost money anyway…"<br />
<br />
袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng lying in bed, heard the laughter, the sizzle of boiling oil, and the greedy sound of chewing from next door, along with the aroma of fried oil cakes, keeping him awake at night. <br />
<br />
这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择一处乡土气息浓厚的地区深入生活 ,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓库隔壁的一间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传口号消失了,生理本能在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是一出率先占有填充材料的喜剧。<br />
<br />
This was the warehouse of the production team, located in a small town near Suzhou. <br />
Not long ago, Yuan Yunsheng returned to the Central Academy of Fine Arts from Shuangqiao Farm, and got back to Professor Dong Xiwen's studio to learn from him. The teacher suggested him to choose an area with a strong local flavor to plunge into the thick of life, collecting materials for his graduation work. He came to a town in the regions south of the Yangtze River and was assigned to a hut next to the production team's warehouse as the accommodation. It was a time of national economic hardship, and the water town, which was praised as “the earthly paradise", was also facing the threat of starvation. The fanatical slogan that was once popular disappeared and physiological instincts took effect in people, which was first shown in the town's cadres. In order to fill a few people’s bellies, they went harm to the group, compressing others’ bellies. The late-night performance was a comedy of being the first to take possession of the filling material.<br />
<br />
袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng rolled over in bed, causing a few rats to crawl out beside the pillow and hop around on him.<br />
<br />
“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
<br />
"There’s a noise!" The man next door said, "Should we ask that painter to come?"<br />
<br />
“别理他!”<br />
<br />
"Don’t mind him!"<br />
<br />
……<br />
<br />
这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预一下也无可厚非 。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
<br />
This was the material of the real life! Paint it. Since "art was subordinate to politics", there was nothing wrong with intervening such life. The painter lied in bed, his heart flowing with the feeling of concerning for the country and the people.<br />
<br />
然而,夜间的梦寐 并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
<br />
However, the dream at night did not leave the painter with a deep impression. He had his own understanding of the function of art. He came here for the pursuit of the beauty in life, and the dust of life could not cloud the artist's heart of gold. The place he went during the day gave satisfaction to his pursuit. A few weeks later, he returned to Beijing with everything that he wanted.<br />
<br />
回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,一股不可遏制的创作冲动驱使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去一个晚上的时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
<br />
One day after returning to Beijing, he leaned on his bed and thought after dinner. An uncontrollable impulse of creation drove him to pick up the brush and readily draw on the draft paper, the tip of the brush as smooth as floating clouds and flowing water. In only one night, he sketched out his graduation work.<br />
<br />
他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
<br />
He took the sketch to visit Teacher Dong Xiwen. The teacher looked at it and said: "I think it is distinctive. The workload is not small. Get on with it!"<br />
<br />
他把行李卷、画布和油彩,一股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上一摊,不分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
<br />
He moved the bedding roll, canvases and oil paints into the large warehouse of the college. This warehouse was used to store large-scale cultural relics, including a tall stone camel, an excavated stone horse and a stone tiger in front of the tomb of the Han Dynasty general Huo Qubing. The floor was covered with thick dust, and the walls were covered with cobwebs, like a gloomy old castle. He spread the bedding roll on the floor, and worked day and night. The stone tiger and horse watched a young painter working like a maniac. Two months later, Yuan Yunsheng asked someone to help him lift out a huge oil painting.<br />
<br />
这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆 》。<br />
<br />
The painting was titled ''Memory of the Water Town''.<br />
<br />
《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优 ”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的分数都不肯给。<br />
<br />
''Memory of the Water Town'' became the topic of conversation in the circle of art. The doyens of painting such as Dong Xiwen, Ye Qianyu and Huang Yongyu praised it, who argued that his graduation grade should be “excellent”. Some others shook their heads and frowned, refusing to give him even a passing grade.<br />
<br />
水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
<br />
What was the memory of the water town for the young painter?<br />
<br />
画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
<br />
In the picture is a small bridge common in Suzhou, which is the style of traditional architectural left over from the Ming Dynasty, with exquisite structure, decorated with delicate sculpted reliefs. The two sides of the bridge show the houses, streets and the lively scene of the market trading during the Spring Festival.<br />
<br />
看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。一个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开一张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。一个淳朴的小女孩刚才卖掉一只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着一桩桩美好的故事——人们在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
<br />
Look, there are people set up the stage for Beijing opera performance, there are people selling New Year's pictures, and there are people selling grain and vegetables, so lively. A beautiful country girl spreads out a newspaper at her feet and sets bunches of flowers on it, expecting people to visit. A simple little girl has just sold a lamb. Perhaps because the cute little animal was fed by her hands when growing up, she sees it being taken away, showing a look of melancholy... With the strong national style and local customs and practices, the painter drew hundreds of lifelike characters, around the stone bridge to tell good stories -- people exchanged their results of hard work a year here, and were pleased and gratified by the rich and colorful folk recreations.<br />
<br />
桥下是一泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
<br />
Under the bridge is clear, rippling and sparkling. The dark-awninged boats, small wooden boats and barges carrying purchases for the Spring Festival are so close to each other, and brush past the others. The boatmen are all humble, avoiding each other, and quickly giving the way for the neighboring boats. A young man lies leisurely on the bow of the boat, the sunlight sprinkling over his face, and thinks with a vision of the future…<br />
<br />
这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举世无双的韧性——走向明天!<br />
<br />
Weren’t the small bridge and the river the reappearance of our national features! Our nation suffered a lot, and was at a very difficult time; however, our indomitable national spirit was not destroyed by the disaster. We were strong, confident and optimistic, emphasized courtesy, and maintained the great dignity, with a slow rhythm, calm pace, and resilience that was unparalleled in the world--towards tomorrow!<br />
<br />
谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
<br />
Who could have guessed that the original idea of this painting was conceived in that hut in the water town, that shady with mice hopping around, adjacent to the evil. What a contrast between the hard work of the people, the innocence of the painter, and the greed, selfishness and deceit just a wall away! The painter brushed away the shadows of life, and used painting language to express his deep love for his country and people with good wishes. This was the self-analysis of the painter's mind and character!<br />
<br />
当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩 ,年画的敦厚朴实和壁画的装饰趣味。<br />
<br />
When ''Memory of the Water Town'' was put on public display, hanging in the auditorium of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, the response from the audience was enthusiastic. Some people left comments, some took pictures, and some copied it. Just in terms of its innovation in artistic style, people were amazed by it. The author put aside the "three unities" of plot devices of Western oil painting and the traditional perspective rules, and adopted the ingenious technique of cavalier perspective of Chinese painting, so as to make the independent stories on the picture blend together. When portraying the characters, the author masterly used the tools of Western oil painting, boldly used line modeling, and absorbed the exaggeration of ancient art of pottery figurine to depict images of the figures with different expressions. The painting had the splendor and magnificence of oil painting, the exact delineation and heavy colors of Chinese painting, the sincerity and simplicity of New Year’s picture and the decorative interest of fresco. <br />
<br />
把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为一炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿了吧！<br />
<br />
It was the author's dream to integrate the ancient and modern, Chinese and Western painting arts into one. His dream should come true!<br />
<br />
但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
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However, the fate of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was suddenly reversed, which was taken off the wall of the exhibition hall and thrown into the garbage dump where scraps were stored. Later, a young man who loved table tennis found its value and dragged it behind the table to use it as a baffle to block the ball. Later, a student from the art history department felt bad for it and secretly cut it down with a scissor, folded it up, and pressed it under the bed in the dormitory. However, the college reported it to the police in panic, bringing in the comrades in the department of public safety to enter the college to reconnoiter, as if searching for an indecent prohibited thing. Finally, the enthusiastic collector had to hand it over, and the campus loudspeaker immediately broadcasted that it was "another victory in paying great attention to class struggle".<br />
<br />
离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着一堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的路口只亮着一盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
<br />
Was it bizarre? Not really. The climate was changing, three years of hardship passed, the fairs trade in the countryside was banned, and the days of hunger were forgotten. Today's politics made new requirements on yesterday's art, and it was time for the painter to be spanked. The author of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was faced with lots of questions that he could never answered: Why didn't you paint a tractor? Why didn't you paint the wheat field with a good harvest? Why didn't paint… Among all the criticisms, no one had ever accused him of not painting the scene next door at that night, though such phenomena were a well-known fact. There was only one green light at the intersection of literary criticism: turning left. The artist who stayed true to the art went straight ahead and was denounced as being too "right".<br />
<br />
中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出作者的艺术才能。”<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, once said with emotion: "If this painting had not damaged, and had been put on display, I can predict that the audience would have rehabilitated him. Even in this tentative work, we can see the artistic talent of the author."<br />
<br />
只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世——其中也包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, the remains of the painting couldn’t be found. The only memorial it had left was a pathetically small picture, accompanied by a critical article that sounded plausible, published in a corner of ''Fine Arts''. The painter should feel honored that it was the first time his work had been made into a zincograph, and printed, spreading around the world--including the one in front of Lanying.<br />
<br />
月台边<br />
<br />
At the Edge of the Platform<br />
<br />
兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
<br />
The second morning Lanying spent in Hangzhou was the most painful time for her.<br />
<br />
阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子 ,还会累及子女。<br />
<br />
The aunt stood beside her as her guardian, and pointed to the magazine as if she had found a powerful proof. The aunt said that a man like Yuan Yunsheng would not correct his mistake, and others would not tolerate him. It would be a lifelong mistake to combine with him, never seeing the light in the future and implicating the children.<br />
<br />
那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘与画家结合 的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
<br />
The magazine did not frighten the girl’s love away, but made her feel the seriousness of the problem. It seemed that it was not only the aunt, the college, but also the whole society that prevented her from being bound with the painter. It seemed that everyone except the girl were cursing him and splashing dirty water on the painter. Did the girl still have the courage to go towards him? Talking about the future children, those innocent babies that would follow the adults and spend the whole life in the mud, Lanying's heart was softened.<br />
<br />
这是一场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
<br />
It was an irresistible spiritual siege. Lanying hunched over the table and burst into tears…<br />
<br />
阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效力,递过一支笔、一张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
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Seeing the effect of her good intention, the aunt handed over a pen and a piece of paper: "Writing him a letter and making it clear, you’ll feel comfortable. If he really loves you, he will not give you trouble again…"<br />
<br />
兰英接过纸笔。<br />
<br />
Lanying took the paper and pen.<br />
<br />
她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家能够得到另一个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后一个字,信纸上满是斑斑泪痕。<br />
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She wrote a very firm statement, cutting off communication with the painter, and didn’t explain anything. She took the responsibility, saying that she was willing to pay the lifelong price for her impulse and would never get married again. In her letter, she wished the painter to get another girl who would love him as much as she did… When she finished the letter, it was blotted with tears.<br />
<br />
阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
<br />
The aunt took it over to have a look and sighed: "Look, the handwriting was wet with tears. It’ll make him suspect that you are not really want to break up with him ......"<br />
<br />
“本来就是被迫的！”兰英没好气地说。<br />
<br />
"It was forced!" Lanying said angrily.<br />
<br />
阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
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The aunt finally got the written pledge and was relieved, sealing the envelope with her own hands, sticking a stamp on it, and taking it to the post office.<br />
<br />
兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将把信撕得粉碎,一赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下 ,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净……<br />
<br />
Lanying returned to Suzhou from Hangzhou, and felt every day like a year, repeatedly imagining the painter's reaction. The painter would be furious, wouldn’t he? Lanying really did not want to add a new scar to the painter's heart, which had been badly wounded, so she did not write irritating words in the letter. But the painter would understand the reason for the change. The letter had already constituted a contempt and insult to him. Would he rip it up and decide not to write back in a fit of anger? Or would he bow to his fate and fall into a depression? Or, the girl's worries were superfluous. Men were men, who were easy come and easy go. He would wipe the girl out of his memory, completely forgetting her.<br />
<br />
兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
<br />
The last thing that Lanying wanted to happen was the latter situation.<br />
<br />
画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
<br />
The painter wrote back with stiff words. He agreed to break up, without a hint of a pleading tone, with only one last condition, asking Lanying to come to Changchun and explain the reason face to face.<br />
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像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
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Like hearing an echo from an empty valley, Lanying ran into the college office clasping the letter.<br />
<br />
姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
<br />
The girl placed the letter on the table and said: "Please allow me to go to Changchun."<br />
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对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
<br />
After reading the painter's letter, the other party looked up and asked, "Is this the last meeting?"<br />
<br />
“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
<br />
"Yes." The girl said, "We're very determined."<br />
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学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
<br />
The college could not say the reason for refusing the girl and let her go. On the day of the girl’s departure, the school made a long-distance call to Changchun, asking the painter's unit to cooperate and pay attention to the actions of Lanying and the painter, promoting both sides to break off the relationship.<br />
<br />
火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人头攒动的月台上,她一眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
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The train was flying along, the vast fields passing outside the window. The girl was anxious. She was longing for the scenery of the Northeast in her dream before, but this journey didn’t leave any impression on her. She only remembered the moment the train arrived in Changchun, when she saw the painter with a pale face at a glance on the crowded platform.<br />
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兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
<br />
When Lanying stepped out of the train, the painter was coming up. He still held the sketchbook in his hand, pretending to be calm. However, his tired and dark look, holding back great pain, could not escape the girl's keen eyes. It was exactly what the girl hoped to see, and a thrill of joy rose in her heart. <br />
<br />
画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
<br />
The painter stopped at the edge of the platform, keeping a few steps from the girl.<br />
<br />
“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
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"Please answer now," the painter's voice was like the low roar of a wild animal, "why do you change your mind? Why do you bend to the will of others?"<br />
<br />
姑娘把旅行袋往前一递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听懂是什么意思。<br />
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The girl handed her travel bag forward: "Do you think I come to Changchun to negotiate with you?" The painter was stunned, not understanding what it meant.<br />
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“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑一趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
<br />
"You fool! If I want to break up with you, do I need to come all the way here?" The girl smiled sweetly, "There is a long way to go, and you need to be tested!"<br />
<br />
明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解——那些无尽无休的劝说、挑唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
<br />
The bright sunlight returned to the painter's face. He even forgot to pick up the girl's bag, and was so excited that he didn’t know what to do. The girl dodged back a little, really afraid that the guy who lost his mind in front of him would throw himself into her arms in full view of a large crowd with no regard for the customs of the country… The consensus reached at the Changchun negotiation--those endless persuasion, instigation and restraint was really tiresome that decisive actions had to be taken to get rid of it.<br />
<br />
兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同财产,是一条印花双人床单。在一间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
<br />
Lanying and the painter married in the summer vocation after graduation. The wedding was held in Changchun, without relatives officiating, and classmates congratulating. The only gift they received was a blouse given by Yuan Yunfu to his sister-in-law; the new common property was a printed double bed sheet. In a temporary borrowed hut, they performed a solemn ceremony of life. Lanying spent her honeymoon in disassembling and washing the bedding for the former bachelor. The short honeymoon ended as Lanying's reporting date approached.<br />
<br />
人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
<br />
The Queen Mother of the world was not willing to give in after all, and deliberately laid a galaxy between them.<br />
<br />
兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽容——除了东北三省之外,其他任何一个城市都行。实心眼儿的 姑娘把手指放在地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
<br />
Lanying's place of work was chosen from the map. When she was assigned after graduation, the college gave her lenient conditions--any city except the three provinces of the northeast. The honest girl put her finger on the map and found the nearest place to the Northeast along the railway line. Her finger crossed Beijing, Tianjin, and rested on a small circle south of Shanhaiguan: Tangshan. She thought that it was the ideal crossing of the Milky Way on earth.<br />
<br />
她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着一块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生活无法自理。直到这时,她才感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
<br />
Not long after she arrived in Tangshan, she was caught in the "unprecedented" storm. With marches, rebellions, and two factions fighting with each other with machetes and spears, the whole city fell into a primitive tribal strife. Lanying was alone and lived in the uncertainty in troubled times. The annual visits to her husband comforted her a little in spirit. Later, she was pregnant. The overwork and poor living conditions caused Lanying to suffer from lumbar spine strain. Her back was like carrying a heavy iron plate, and she couldn’t roll over in bed. There was no one to make fires in the house, and the flimsy door and windows could not withstand the cold wind. Lumbar disease made her stiff and unable to take care of herself. By this time, she felt that she needed her husband by her side so much…<br />
<br />
画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到一份工作,又赶到唐山,好不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户口的证件。至此,他们已经两地分居六年了。<br />
<br />
The painter went around and asked, and finally found a job for his wife in a hospital in Changchun, and then rushed to Tangshan. With difficulty he passed many hurdles and got the documents to switch his wife’s job and transfer her registered permanent residence. So far, they had been living apart for six years.<br />
<br />
兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西——优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。耿耿 银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
<br />
When Lanying sat on the train, the platform in Changchun moving in front of her eyes again, she could not help but have mixed feelings. For six years, she lost a lot of things out of her own volition--a bright future in politics, a beautiful youth and excellent conditions. The corners of her pretty eyes were covered with worry lines, and her beautiful cheeks became sallow with a gaunt appearance. She paid a huge price for the ordinary life of ordinary people, and a charge of "the family member of a rightist whose hat was taken off”. The Milky Way was in front of her, and there were the same strict rituals in heaven and on earth. <br />
<br />
陋室铭<br />
<br />
The Humble Room<br />
<br />
破木桌上摊开一张纸片,一只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
<br />
A piece of paper was spread out on the broken wooden table, and a small hand holding the brush, applied watercolor to the paper. Round, square and irregular blocks of color appeared under the brush, representing different still life: the round one was a washtub, the square one was an old wooden box, and the irregular one was a diaper on a clothesline…<br />
<br />
这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
<br />
It was the artist's son sketching. He was born in Changchun, and no matter how difficult the path of his parents' life was, he grew up according to the laws of nature, until he was old enough to grasp a brush with his little hand. <br />
<br />
小屋只有14平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, 一排大连铺占去三分之二的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
<br />
The house was only 14 square meters. A little sister added to the family, and four of them were crammed into a small space, with a large bed taking up two thirds of the area. The broken wooden table in front of the window was the dad's workbench at ordinary times, and the son's bed at night. The rest of the space was for cooking and washing clothes, and there was no extra space.<br />
<br />
眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
<br />
The artist's son had painted the scene in front of him more than once, which was his first subject of contact with life. This lovely third generation in new China repeatedly painted with the most beautiful colors in his young mind, and had accumulated dozens of sketches. Whenever the neighbors came to visit, he would take out his works and show them off in front of them. However, the comments he heard were very disappointing: "Alas, Lanying, why does your precious son only paint the slums?"<br />
<br />
兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
<br />
Lanying gave a wry smile. What could she say? All her son painted were things in her house.<br />
<br />
兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头一样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
<br />
After Lanying moved to Changchun, she took on heavy housework and lived a hard life. She was used to eating ready-made meals in the canteen before, and never cooked; by this time, she was distressed to find that it was more difficult to steam the corn cake without turning souring than to perform a surgical operation in the hospital. For a long time, the steamed corn cakes, steamed bread of corn and steamed buns that the whole family ate were unbearably sour and hard like stones. The children still gobbled them up as if they natively tasted like that.<br />
<br />
家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱一个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭 。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
<br />
The family's finances were tight. The total income of two college graduates could not keep up with the increase of family members and the rise of commodity prices. The son was lucky enough to eat cake for a few days when he was a child. When it was the daughter's turn, the parents could no longer afford to buy cakes, so they had to buy the bread that was a dime per piece to give the children a treat. Later, the parents brought home discounted black bread. Even so, the children were so happy, smiling from ear to ear.<br />
<br />
他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
<br />
They pinched and scraped, but still spent more than their income. At the end of every month, Lanying and the painter would empty out their pockets face to face.<br />
<br />
“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, we haven't bought the meat for this month yet." Lanying said.<br />
<br />
“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
<br />
"Let’s buy it." The painter said, "It's Sunday. It’s time to improve a meal."<br />
<br />
妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服口袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
<br />
The wife had been penniless for a while. The painter turned his pockets inside out to scrap up enough money to buy a catty of meat.<br />
<br />
儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
<br />
The son, who had already prepared a small snow sled and waited there, took the money and ran away with joy.<br />
<br />
过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
<br />
After a while, the son's cheer came from the door: "Come on, the meat is bought back!"<br />
<br />
画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
<br />
The painter and his wife ran out to greet it, but they were stunned: "Where's the meat?"<br />
<br />
儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚才他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤肉颠得没影了……<br />
<br />
My son looked back and saw that the snow sled was empty. He was too happy and run too fast, the catty of meat tossed away…<br />
<br />
“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
<br />
As the "buyer" had never failed in his duty, he became downhearted this time. The painter and Lanying had to comfort their son, holding his embarrassed little face and laughing.<br />
<br />
儿子也笑了。一场精神上的欢笑 代替了假日的会餐。<br />
<br />
The son laughed too. A time of mirth in spirit replaced the holiday meal.<br />
<br />
在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, the so-called "spiritual aristocrats" were finding jobs for themselves. Some decorated the facade of restaurants and hotels, painting some pictures to exchange bottles of wine and whole cases of fish. Some were busy with their household sidelines, producing modern furniture by hand. Others worked as art tutors, and if the students they taught had good backgrounds, their situations would soon be improved. But Yuan Yunsheng did not get any "extra money" and did not look for a way out. He was very busy. He worked during the day, honestly completing the tasks given to him and trying not to be faulted; after he came back home at night, he indulged in painting, steeping himself in his beloved art, and didn’t have time to do the housework.<br />
<br />
在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似的想点办法?”<br />
<br />
At the most difficult time for the family, Lanying said to Yunsheng in a tentative tone, "Could you think of some ways likeq others?"<br />
<br />
“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
<br />
"Think of what?" The painter asked in amazement.<br />
<br />
“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合过得去……”<br />
<br />
"I don't ask for anything more." The wife said, "I mean, if possible, to make life at home barely get by..."<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
<br />
The husband shook his head: "There is a way. But that would wreck my art!"<br />
<br />
妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题一搁,永远不再提起。<br />
<br />
The wife knew the weight of the word "art" in her husband's heart. The subject was put aside, and never mentioned again.<br />
<br />
兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥一顿饱一顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣服洗一洗吧。”<br />
<br />
Lanying was sick from exhaustion, tortured by the pain of lumbar spine strain, and sometimes had to stay in bed. Whenever it happened, the sky of the family collapsed and everything was in chaos. The whole family ate erratically; when the children's clothes were dirty, they didn’t have others to change; the sheets were splattered with the painter's oil, like a canvas of an abstract painter... As a medical worker, Lanying had minimum requirements for sanitation. She could not tolerate it anymore, lying in bed and commending the painter: "Wash the sheets and clothes today."<br />
<br />
“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干一场。<br />
<br />
"Okay." The husband obediently put down the brush and rolled up his sleeves as if he was about to get some things done.<br />
<br />
他把床单和衣服泡了满满一盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他一忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;一忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
<br />
He soaked a full tub of sheets and clothes. As he washed, his hands on the washboard slowed down, and his eyes rested on the opposite wall. There hung a new painting, with the oil not yet dry. One minute he tilted his head sideways, looking pleased with himself; the next he frowned, as if he had found something unsatisfactory.<br />
<br />
他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
<br />
He stood up sharply, wiped his soapy hands on his breast, took a brush, and jumped on the bench, making some changes on the painting.<br />
<br />
兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过一丝苦笑。<br />
<br />
Lanying lay on the bed, with a wry smile flitting across the corner of his mouth.<br />
<br />
画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
<br />
The painter jumped off the bench and went back to the washtub. After a while, he couldn't help looking up at the wall again...<br />
<br />
一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,一共跳了多少次?”<br />
<br />
The day passed. He finally finished washing a tub of clothes, taking more than seven hours on it, and did not have time to cook. The whole family was hungry. Lanying, angry and amused, asked humorously, "Hey, how many times did you jump up and down from the bench?"<br />
<br />
画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
<br />
The painter shook his head blankly.<br />
<br />
兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪——整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
<br />
Lanying said: "You do not remember. I counted it for you--twenty times! Oh, what am I gonna do about you? When doing housework, you are lazy than anyone; when picking up the brush, you are diligent than anyone..."<br />
<br />
天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入睡;儿子一沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另一只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
<br />
It was dark, and snow fell heavily outside the window, like tearing the cotton wool. Lanying, looking at the ceiling, wasn’t able to sleep; as soon as her son touched the pillow, he fell into a sound and sweet sleep. In the other corner of the hut, under the dim light, the painter was rocking his daughter with one hand, while the other hand was holding a brush and painting. He hummed an improvised lullaby, the song echoing softly in the hut...<br />
<br />
漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
<br />
They spent many nights like this in the long winter.<br />
<br />
兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为一个正直的画家的妻子的全部甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
<br />
The husband’s humming rang in Lanying’s ears, and she silently sank in thought. When she first fell in love with him, she admired his integrity and loyalty to art. Now, she had experienced all the joys and sorrows of being the wife of an upright painter. He was content with being poor and lonely. He didn’t have a normal family life, couldn’t see the light at the end of the tunnel, only asking for the work, not the harvest... Who but his wife really understood him? He not only was not understood by the society, but he was also identified as a bad man, sticks always waving above his head. Whenever thinking of these, the pain of the poor couple's disharmony dissipated, and the wife's heart turned into a spring water, full of female tenderness.<br />
<br />
她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
<br />
She thought, if two people shared the housework, they would get nothing done. Even if she had a terrible backache tomorrow, she had to bite the bullet and get up, bearing the heavy load of housework...<br />
<br />
车轮下<br />
<br />
Under the Wheels<br />
<br />
袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng slept late at night and when he rubbed his eyes the next morning, it was already broad daylight outside the window. "Shit!" He dressed frantically, "I'll be late again..."<br />
<br />
兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为一家人做早饭。<br />
<br />
Lanying had already got up, enduring the back pain, and was making breakfast for the family.<br />
<br />
画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
<br />
The painter asked in amazement, "Who told you to get up? You are not well yet!"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺一躺。”画家匆匆吃过早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
<br />
Lanying said, "It's nothing, I'm still on sick leave anyway. I can still lie down after you leave." The painter hurriedly ate the breakfast, pushed the bicycle and rushed out the door.<br />
<br />
在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过一场大雪,北风一刮,马路上结着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
<br />
In Changchun, it was the season that dripping water turned into ice and the breath from the mouth immediately turned to frost. After a heavy snowfall, and when the north wind blew, the roads were thick with ice. The trees on the roadside were covered with silver flowers, and the buildings shone with a dazzling silver glow like a richly decorated jade palace.<br />
<br />
画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命 的时刻。<br />
<br />
The painter was very anxious. Early in the morning, for others was the beginning of the day's work, but for him was the continuation of the night's work. The turn of day and night was the moment when he was busy running around and exhausted.<br />
<br />
人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
<br />
How many ordeals there were in life! Social, natural and accidental...<br />
<br />
穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽听一阵隆隆的马达声。一辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
<br />
Through a street, there was a busy intersection ahead, cars running like tide. He rode forward cautiously, and suddenly heard a rumble of motors. A reckless truck crossed the intersection, refusing to slow down, as if there was no one else here. <br />
With fast speed, slippery ground, and without preparation, the painter had been too late to dodge it. A crush with a sound of bang, the painter flew far away with the car and fell to the ground. Just then, another truck came from the opposite side, and the painter was passed under the wheels of the truck like a ball...<br />
<br />
街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
<br />
When the people in the street saw this scene of tragedy, they screamed and froze there.<br />
<br />
卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
<br />
The truck driver lost his composure, forgetting to brake in the panic, and putting his right foot on the accelerator and drove on. The truck's big wheels ran over the bicycle, the steel frame uttered a short groan, and the bicycle seat was crushed into a ball. The truck kept going towards the painter.<br />
<br />
这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸口一轧,就算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
<br />
It was a moment of pain, a moment of approaching death. It was over. As soon as the car rolled over his chest, his life was over. He had suffered repeatedly on the road of life, and had never been willing to give in to the fate, but this time it was afraid that he would not be able to escape. He left his beloved art, his wife and children, and died meaninglessly...<br />
<br />
按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同情——预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头——抗争！<br />
<br />
According to Goethe, people could only have three feelings about their own sufferings and that of others: fear, terror and sympathy--the anxiety of foreseeing the coming catastrophe, the unexpected discovery of current suffering and the sympathy for the suffering of the time or the past. However, the painter, who fell under the wheel, had none of these three feelings in the hazy consciousness that flashed through his mind. Even at such a moment, he showed his stubborn character, and had only one strong thought--to struggle!<br />
<br />
接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
<br />
What happened next was unbelievable to the startled roadside pedestrians. They saw the body that fell under the truck suddenly straightened up, stretching out a pair of arms, and clinging to the front bumper of the truck. The truck roared and shook, as if to destroy the barrier; the person under the wheels struggled, slide, and refused to give up. People in the streets of Changchun saw a scene of flesh and blood stubbornly fighting with the steel monster.<br />
<br />
“千万不能倒下！”画家想,“一倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
<br />
"I must not fall down!" The painter thought, "If I fall down, I'll never get up again..."<br />
<br />
卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
<br />
The truck dragged the painter along the icy road, for 5 meters, 10 meters... Until the driver regained his normal reflexes, he hit the brake, overcoming the car's inertia.<br />
<br />
画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
<br />
The painter was injured seriously and his clothes were torn into ragged strips. He was taken to the hospital.<br />
<br />
抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天才清醒过来。<br />
<br />
When Lanying, who was sick at home, heard the news, there was a buzz in her head, and she felt that the sky was spinning, and her legs went limp. It took her a long time to awake.<br />
<br />
兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾一切地赶到医院。存车的时候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙怎么也拔不出来。<br />
<br />
Lanying got on her bicycle and, not knowing where she got the strength, she rushed to the hospital regardless. When she stored the car, she lost the strength again. She could hardly look at the hospital door, her hands were shaking, and she could not pull the key out.<br />
<br />
存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚才进医院的时候,自己还能走路。”<br />
<br />
The old lady at the parking lots recognized Lanying: "You are Yuan's lover, right? Don't be afraid. He just walked into the hospital by himself."<br />
<br />
兰英这才觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
<br />
Lanying felt relieved now.<br />
<br />
兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫妻双双躺在床上。<br />
<br />
Lanying took her husband home to recover from his injuries. After this mental stimulation, the sick wife’s body was more heavy. Both the couple lay in bed.<br />
<br />
孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和女儿一人捧回一包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
<br />
The child was left unattended. Lanying took out a few cents and asked children to buy food. After a while, the son and daughter each brought back a packet of cookies, standing by the bed with tears in their eyes.<br />
<br />
儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
<br />
The son said, "Dad, eat this."<br />
<br />
女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
<br />
The daughter said, "Daddy, eat mine."<br />
<br />
兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿......<br />
<br />
Lanying took the children into her arms, wiping away the tears on their little faces for both of them. The children understood the family situation and tasted the desolation and fears of life too soon. Lanying only regrated that she couldn’t have more money to give her husband and children a little spiritual and physical compensation...<br />
<br />
画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰问。他们留下一百块钱赔偿经济损失——画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
<br />
While the painter was recovering from his injuries, the driver who caused the accident and the head of his unit came to his house to apologize and express the sympathy. They left a hundred yuan to compensate for the economic loss--the painter's clothes, bicycle and medical expenses.<br />
<br />
客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
<br />
After the guests left, the painter sat on the bed, deep in thought.<br />
<br />
兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看一眼也令人伤心。<br />
<br />
Lanying looked at the pile of money and sighed sadly. Because her husband got it by escaping from death, she was sad even by glancing at it.<br />
<br />
画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
<br />
The painter suddenly got out of bed and paced around the house.<br />
<br />
“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
<br />
"Yunsheng, are you crazy?" His wife said with the tone of blame, "Your leg is not yet healed. Back to bed!"<br />
<br />
画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民——我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去！”<br />
<br />
The painter walked up to his wife, his eyes shining with excitement, "Look, I can walk! You know, I haven't gone out to paint for a long time, because I don't have that condition. How I long for the grassland in northern Shaanxi, the rushing Yellow River, and the people there--I'll take this money and go to Yan'an to paint from life!"<br />
<br />
这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是一个贫病交困的人的最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对一些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那样遥远,拼着性命才能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
<br />
This was the voice in the heart of the artist who just got up from under the wheel! This was the highest hope of a poor and sick man! His request was so limited, which didn’t matter to some people, but was so far away for him, who needed to fight for it with his life. Lanying felt like her chest was hit hard, with her heart burning, and ran out of words. She looked at her husband's sincere face, and understood it. Now that it could bring joy and satisfaction to him who longed to paint, then let him go.<br />
<br />
数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
<br />
A few days later, Yuan Yunsheng, dragging his unhealed body, carrying a heavy pack and painting tools, set off on a snowy and windy road with his wife's affectionate gaze...<br />
<br />
袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng went through difficulties in the trip to northern Shaanxi. As months went by, his face was engraved with the marks of the plateau sun and sandstorms, and he returned home with his bag full of sketches.<br />
<br />
袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,一举一动都受到街道居委会的监视。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing, he went to see Jiang Feng. At that time, the air in Beijing was suffocating. Jiang Feng was over 60 years old, whose situation was even worse than before. He lived alone in a messy compound, and his every move was monitored by the street committee.<br />
<br />
袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没有什么值得高兴的——中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路线走一遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng sat in front of the past the secretary of the Party Committee, bringing recent news of the old areas of northern Shaanxi. The news was nothing to cheer about--the People's Republic of China had been founded for more than twenty years, and everywhere he went along the route the Red Army’s strategic shift, the people were still living in poverty. The young painter declaimed against the country’s failings, but suddenly thought that the walls have ears, and worried about the situation of the old man, so he dropped the subject and quietly looked at Jiang Feng.<br />
<br />
江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上挂着一幅画框,嵌着一张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng listened peacefully, looking calm, and had not intention of stopping him. On the wall behind him hung a framed sketch, which was exactly the one that Yuan Yunsheng painted for Jiang Feng in the Shuangqiao farm ten years ago. The old man maintained his inherent dignity as usual, and was a true tough man. Yuan Yunsheng experienced once again the spiritual power that calmed people down.<br />
<br />
袁运生打开画夹,把一组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng opened the portfolio and placed a group of sketches of people in northern Shaanxi in front of Jiang Feng, including a shepherd with a wrinkled face, a young people with a cold gaze showing distain for everything, and a rural girl with her head bowed in contemplation... These characters were real and simple, with distinctive characters, and the unprovoked, unintelligible or artificial smiles that often appeared in general paintings could not be found on their faces. He painted the unique temperament of the people in northern Shaanxi.<br />
<br />
“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
<br />
"No one will publish theses pictures if you take them out now." Jiang Feng said, "Maybe if you lose sincerity, you will get praise. But I think you are on the right way. The artist can't cater to the mass!"<br />
<br />
袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨 的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风 中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手ー丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
<br />
画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于!974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白 描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
<br />
江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他 说:“呵,黄河! ー泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声 音……"<br />
<br />
春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了 !<br />
<br />
担担画<br />
<br />
“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
<br />
美术界ー些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头 角,施展オ华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任 河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各 种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是ー个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。 这个磨砺精深的艺术家,就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
<br />
乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
<br />
在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现 了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,ー头不驯服的长发 如垂下万根烦恼丝。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁 了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
<br />
他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
<br />
兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
<br />
丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
<br />
兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议 事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就 是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
<br />
1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机 会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
<br />
他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了 妻子,全家人像过节ー样快乐<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
<br />
“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
<br />
女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
<br />
“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
<br />
他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
<br />
兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
<br />
丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注ー掷了 !”<br />
<br />
是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举 动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一 个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使ー颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴ー样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,ー针针,ー线线,直缝到天 色薄明。<br />
<br />
“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
<br />
“三个月吧。”画家说,“你ー个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
<br />
妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
<br />
这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府一景洪。他被西双版纳惊 人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林 绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水 晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁 着珠光宝气。<br />
<br />
有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天 堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾 洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
<br />
他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地。招待所的服务人员很 有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进ー间中等客房。<br />
<br />
画家开ロ就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
<br />
服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
<br />
“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
<br />
“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
<br />
他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下ー步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各<br />
<br />
的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
<br />
幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出 的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
<br />
云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族 的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
<br />
好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的 背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有!40多斤重。小伙子看了直 抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
<br />
袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
<br />
瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
<br />
奏鸣曲<br />
<br />
瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
<br />
呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
<br />
那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝ー样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
<br />
就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
<br />
西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰 富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住 兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在ー棵树 前,一画就是一整天。<br />
<br />
“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
<br />
“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古 老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
<br />
袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。 每ー笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家 的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小 虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理 昧 <br />
<br />
中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来オ深有感 受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
<br />
画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在ー起的<br />
<br />
他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情 而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
<br />
每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。 晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛 着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗 条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
<br />
“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银 铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她 们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露ー截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使 她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后ー盘,自然地溜向ー 边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
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少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来ー阵阵悠扬 的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在 纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
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诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就 在苦苦思索ー个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
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美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出 你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
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面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我 感受却不尽相同。ー百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,ー百种不同的表现方法。<br />
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艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。<br />
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从夏末到中秋,他在ー串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勧定的一个偏僻的 小村寨。<br />
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这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上 开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本 寨的荣耀。<br />
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同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无カ同病魔 斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是 “鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者ー商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那<br />
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些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
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“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的ー 瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精 粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的 请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起 画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
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小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的 经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂 痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在ー起进餐,然后由男方挑着担 子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱 护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像ー泓溪 水那样清澈。<br />
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一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清 脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的 手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
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这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在 古老的贝叶经里的传说一从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘 据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑 娘们生出ー计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头ー沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒 醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。 一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使 自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
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晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这 万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
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广为流传的神话传说,往往是ー个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到 的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑 海里汇集,逐渐熔化为ー团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳 美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地 多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西 双版纳。这是ー个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、 秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条一单纯与丰富高度和谐地统ー!<br />
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他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的 独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。 那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的ー组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
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昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘 绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
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公主啊!<br />
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你是ー颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
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但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
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把宝石镶在我的心上 <br />
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他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
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二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
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袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
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兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心 开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画 不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
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画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失 火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
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其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们 忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
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画家在长春的ー个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁 愕然了。<br />
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这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰 英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出ー个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗 震棚挪动着……<br />
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显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的 艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
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朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那<br />
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位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道<br />
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壁画之梦 <br />
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The Dream of Murals<br />
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不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀一样扑朔不定。他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。他搞不清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里…… <br />
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At some point, through the glass window covered with ice flowers, a hazy blue light came in, like a fairy stretching out her white arms and lifting the veil as soft as a dream. The room seemed bright and dim, with faint yellow glow of the electric light and murky air around, and the glow fluttered in a haze of smoke like wings. He wagged his head vigorously, and rubbed his eyes. The paintings on the table turned into a white mist, rising and spreading. Everything was blurred. He didn’t know whether he was awake at the moment, or vaguely in a dream...<br />
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昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。一抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从梦境回到了现实的世界。 <br />
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Last night he slept too late and smoked too much. Or rather, he didn't sleep, just lying next to the messy paintings and ashtray full of cigarette butts on the table for a while. When he looked up, it was dawn. The first ray of morning sunlight caressed the buildings in the suburbs of Beijing. He pushed the window open, and let the cold morning breeze chase away the fatigue of the night. He went back from the dream to the real world.<br />
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这是1979年1月,在北京白家庄。 <br />
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It was January 1979, in Baijiazhuang, Beijing.<br />
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袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和工艺美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得到了推荐,也在被邀请之列。 <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing on his way home from a six-month-long trip to Yunnan. A great joy forced him to stay in Beijing. At that time, the new terminal building of Capital Airport was like a magnificent crystal palace going up in the eastern suburbs of Beijing, equipped with the world's most advanced technology. The spacious and comfortable departure lounges and restaurants, automatic doors, baggage carousels, weight scales with eletronic digital display, special quartz clocks made by Seikosha, high-efficiency indoor air conditioning devices, precise navigation and communication systems... They constituted the magnificent air gateway of the capital, whose degree of modernization was unparalleled in China. In today's world, modern architectural design was integrated with exquisite art decoration, and the ancient mural art was revived, accommodating with the development of construction industry based on new industrial technology. People in charge of the capital airport were managers of the new enterprise indeed. They invited more than fifty excellent artists as well as arts and crafts workers, led by Zhang Ding, the dean of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, to create a large modern murals for the terminal building. Yuan Yansheng, who had been silent for more than two decades, was lucky enough to be recommended and was among the invitees.<br />
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随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使一些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单一些,拿他的话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。” <br />
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With the opening of a crack in the window of ideological liberation in early 1979, the close relationship between literature and art and politics, which was very hot, was gradually adjusted over the years, making some artists calm down. They reconsidered the old and difficult proposition of the relationship between literature and art and politics, and denied the claim that literature and art was subordinate to politics. Their intentions was kind and peaceful, unwilling to use the arrow of art to touch sensitive political issues to avoid being blamed for something other than art; at the same time, they hoped to escape from the influence of the wind change and maintain the relative stability of the range of art, without rising or falling like a floating feather. But Yuan Yansheng thought more simply, in his words, "Art is art, which needs to be sincere."<br />
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袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节——生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻辑和客观条件应运而生的。 <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng's large mural design ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', was born based on this simple logic and objective conditions.<br />
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候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的一块地方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴的哲理。他决定抦弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。”<br />
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A large wall of the passenger’s dining room in the terminal, together with a corner, was given to him. What a big space! He stood before the white wall, astonished and delighted, wanting to pour out all the words in the heart to this wall. Artistic creation always spared no effort without reservation to present the most beautiful part of the artist's feelings of the mind. For more than twenty years, the language of art and life he had accumulated resounded in his heart like a surging river, and the unforgettable impression he had from his trip to Xishuangbanna was the climax of the good things and the leaping wave of his whole life experience. At that time, the only subject he thought of was the Water-Splashing Festival. The myths and legends he heard, recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra condensed the emotions like flames, the free imagination and the clear and pure philosophy of the tropical ethnic group. He decided to abandon the conception of genre and narrative paintings and used the lines he had practiced over the years to express the people's desire for a future of freedom and happiness. He said, “It is a pleasent surprise for me to paint a mural praising the spirit and sentiment of the Dai people on a huge wall with 27 meters wide and 3.4 meters high."<br />
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主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知命运如何? <br />
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Artists who advocated art for the sake of politics could also attribute this subject to politics. However, this idea, after all, left the specific political context and contained the deeper and more distant time and space as well as timeless themes. If it was in the past, such an artistic conception would have been intervened by politics and would have been accused of rebelling against orthodoxy. What was his fate this time?<br />
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袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境…… <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng's brother, Yuan Yunfu, gave him a room in his apartment in Baijiazhuang, which was both a bedroom and a studio. However, the small bed was rarely used. He spread out his sketch and entered a dream, a dream of flowing lines and beautiful colors...<br />
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在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统一。那座大门却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门搏斗,一支接一支地吸烟,一张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。 <br />
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In the dream of art, there were also untold troubles. Apart from anything else, the door in the wall of the dining room was annoying. Originally, the artistic language of mural should be harmonized with the artistic language of architecture. The door, however, divided the wall and become an obstacle to the artistic conception. He spent the whole night fighting with the annoying door, smoking one cigarette after another, and drawing one sketch after another. His brother lived in the room opposite to his room, who could see the light coming from the crack of the door all night long, and the smell of smoke wafted up. And his energy, effort and life were consumed in the light blue smoke. The next day when the door was opened, his face was pale.<br />
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“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。 <br />
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“How can your body stand it!” Yuan Yunfu said.<br />
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“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……” <br />
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"It's doesn’t matter.” He smiled faintly, “I get used to it..."<br />
<br />
在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出一股韧性。为了重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟此时的心情。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of the elder brother, his younger brother was a completely different people than before. On the night more than twenty years ago, when Yuan Yunsheng told his brother that he was classified as a "rightist” in the same room, his round face was full of innocence, as if he was telling a light anecdote. Now, that face had experienced the hardships and troubles of life, stumbling on the rugged road, and had become angular with a stern look, revealing a resilience. In order to regain this opportunity to create in Beijing, what a price he had to pay! Yuan Yunfu understood his brother's feelings at this time.<br />
<br />
整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法——“拱桥的两头很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》） <br />
<br />
All day long, Yuan Yunsheng locked himself in his room and had a dream of mural. He was inspired by the familiar principle of the arch bridge in the suburbs of Suzhou, and found a way to cross the gate -- “The two ends of the arch bridge are very heavy, holding the towering and thin top. It is stable in mechanics, and how beautiful the curve like the rainbow is! The idea of constructing a rainbow of people with the activities of the Dai people is fascinating..." (quoted in ''Art Research'', Issue 1, 1980, Yuan Yunsheng: ''The Dream of Murals'')<br />
<br />
实现这个迷人的想法,真是一项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每一个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了…… <br />
<br />
It was a huge project to realize this fascinating idea. The splendid and colorful images of the Water-Splashing Festival came to his eyes: carrying water, sharing water, splashing water, dancing, boat racing, bathing at night, the quiet family life in the bamboo house of the Dai people and the young men and women who didn’t want to leave with each other in the jungle after dusk... Hundreds of characters appeared under his brush, and each of them was vivid and true. At the same time, it was decorative, exaggerated, personalized, and full of lyricism. The sketch was longer and longer, and the crowds like the rainbow were stretching out. The painter, who was immersed in the frenzy of his creation, seemed to be accompanied by music in his ears. He grasped the brush as if grasping the baton of the symphony orchestra, to express the shifts of melody and rhythm through the flowing lines, and the solemn, fervent and tenaciously upward theme song gradually rose up...<br />
<br />
又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还有灯光。 <br />
<br />
It was another early morning that Yuan Yunfu, who lived in the opposite room, woke up from his sleep and saw the light under the door of his brother’s room.<br />
<br />
这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunfu was also very tired these days. He also participated in the creation of murals at the Capital Airport, painting the first draft of ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan''. If he was exploring the path of art with his experience and artistic accomplishment, his brother was sprinting with his life. Half a month passed, in fifteen days and nights, the light in the opposite room did not gone out. What an amazing perseverance! Even the golden stone should cry for his sincerity of the art... <br />
<br />
对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀! <br />
<br />
A light blue smoke was coming from the opposite room with a heavy coughing sound, each more hoarse than the last. However, he was still painting, and still smoking incessantly. The coughing sound could be heard without end, and it was heart-wrenching to hear it in the silence before dawn. He was destroying the foundation of his health to build a spiritual building, and the lines on the sketch were clearly the blood streak of life!<br />
<br />
天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休息几天,回长春去过年吧。” <br />
<br />
After dawn, Yuan Yunfu said to his brother, "You probably forget that the day after tomorrow is Lunar New Year's Eve. I advise you to take a few days off and go back to Changchun for the New Year."<br />
<br />
袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用。第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制。” <br />
<br />
Yuan Yansheng shook his head, “I don’t have enough time. Although the second draft was drawn, but I haven’t had time to copy it."<br />
<br />
“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。” <br />
<br />
"You don’t care about your own body, but you have to think about Lanying.” His brother said. "You have been away from Changchun for more than six months. It is unreasonable for you not to go back for the Spring Festival."<br />
<br />
提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能在家待几天?” <br />
<br />
When it came to Lanying, Yuan Yansheng was no longer obstinate. On New Year's Eve, he rushed back to Changchun. Lanying asked him, "How many days can you stay at home this time?"<br />
<br />
画家说:“春节一过,还得讨论画稿。这一稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "After the New Year, I still have to discuss the drafts. I have not made a copy of this one yet, so I brought it back home."<br />
<br />
兰英叹了一口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……” <br />
<br />
Lan Ying sighed, "So, even in the Spring Festival, you still can’t have a good rest..."<br />
<br />
画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "It's not difficult to copy, but it takes time."<br />
<br />
兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?” <br />
<br />
Lanying thought about it, "Well, can I help you?"<br />
<br />
画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。 <br />
<br />
The painter looked at his wife with affection and nodded.<br />
<br />
这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下一个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹…… <br />
<br />
This was the first time that Lanying was directly involved in her husband's artistic creation. At night, they turned on the lamp, set up a glass plate, laid out a translucent copy paper, and copied the painting of the Water-Splashing Festival together. This work, which celebrated the Dai people, also left traces of a Han woman's feelings...<br />
<br />
从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。 <br />
<br />
From the first to the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, they spent their time in this way. Lan Ying and the painter stayed up late together.<br />
<br />
忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴云笼罩着...... <br />
<br />
The busy painter did not even notice that Lan Ying's thin face was more withered, covered by the heavy cloud of illness...<br />
<br />
牛皮纸<br />
<br />
Kraft Paper<br />
<br />
春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。 <br />
<br />
Just after the Spring Festival, Yuan Yunsheng returned to Beijing with the colored design.<br />
<br />
绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。 <br />
<br />
Preparations for the mural painting were under way intensely. In order to get the best artistic effect, Capital Airport imported a batch of acrylic paints from Hong Kong. This was a new painting material popular in Europe, America and Japan in recent years. It had bright and soft color, strong covering power, and was suitable for multi-layered sfumato and foil, and maintained the stability of the coloar of the painting for a long time under various conditions of wetting, drying, hot and cold.<br />
<br />
参加《泼水节——生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。 <br />
<br />
Lian Weiyun and Fei Zheng, two collaborators who participated in the painting of ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', also arrived in succession. They were both accomplished middle-aged artists. After looking Yuan Yunsheng's design, they were impressed by the charm of the combination of traditional techniques of Chinese painting and western modern art, and were interested in it and eager to have a try.<br />
<br />
脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。 <br />
<br />
The scaffolding was set up and the walls were covered with solid backing cloth. Everything was ready and it was early summer. One day in June, Lanying came to Beijing from Changchun.<br />
<br />
兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的一次妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。 <br />
<br />
This time, Lan Ying made a special trip to Beijing to see a doctor. In fact, her condition had already been discovered. In a gynecological examination before the Spring Festival, the doctor felt an obvious foreign body in the uterus. Because her husband was away and she needed to take care of the children, her illness had not been treated. Recently, due to the rapid aggravation of her condition, she had to go to a large hospital in Beijing for a diagnosis.<br />
<br />
在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻待在一起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮工。 <br />
<br />
While waiting to see a doctor, Lan Ying and her husband stayed in a newly built hotel for international flight crews at the Capital Airport. The room was small but comfortable with spring beds, a bathroom, and shutters in the ceiling also indicated that there was air-conditioning equipment. Since her marriage, Lan Ying had never lived in such a high-class accommodation with her husband. However, the time the couple spent together was still limited. Every day, when the first purple rays of the morning sun came in through the curtains, Yuan Yunsheng turned over and got up, hurriedly washed the face. The sound of rushing away footsteps could be heard in the corridor. After a busy day, it was already late at night when he returned, covered in sweat and paint, like a house repairman who had just climbed down from the scaffolding.<br />
<br />
好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是出乎意料的,几个月以前的一小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到癌——恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢? <br />
<br />
Finally, it was the day of diagnosis. When Lan Ying got the diagnosis, moving tired steps out of the hospital, she felt her body and mind sinking downward, as if sinking into a bottomless abyss. The rate of the development of the disease was unexpected, a small foreign body a few months ago had grown into a big lump. Lan Ying herself was a surgeon, with professional knowledge and clinical experience, who understood the seriousness in the rate of deterioration of the disease. She thought about cancer--malignant cells tended to cause malformed expansion, while benign tumors were relatively steady; if it was not cancer, it was just a fluke. She walked slowly, and her mind was empty, the grey mist floating and sparks of consciousness flickering on and off. She felt painfully, intuitively, that the defenses of her health had been destroyed by everyday’s pressure because of excessive worry and fatigue from chores over the years. Did her lover, her children and everything in the future still belong to her?<br />
<br />
她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了候机大楼,站在脚手架旁…… <br />
<br />
She went back to the airport. The painter could not be found at the accommodation during the day. She stepped across the long asphalt road, entered the terminal building, and stood by the scaffolding...<br />
<br />
大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着一场真正的建设——脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。 <br />
<br />
The lobby was spacious and solemn. The new glass windows reflected the blue sky, and the abundant light rushed in and then spread out, softly scattering on the four walls. Here, in the heat of June, there was a real construction going on--the huge structure of scaffolding climbing up to the roof; on the ground, brushes, palettes and paint buckets were piled up haphazardly, showing how busy the art site was.<br />
<br />
兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在…… <br />
<br />
Lan Ying looked up and found her husband's figure on the scaffolding. He bent over, holding a brush in his hand, sketching on the wall. His long black hair hung down from his forehead, swinging ceaselessly in the air with his body, as if a cellist holding the bowstring was absorbed in the enchanting music he was playing, and the world around him no longer existed...<br />
<br />
兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,一个艺术赤子的オ华、智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。 <br />
<br />
Lan Ying stood there dumbfounded. Here and now, perhaps only she could deeply understand her husband's state of mind. From the tiny world of that humble room in Changchun to this grand and spacious lobby, the talents, wisdom and suppressed ambition of a man who was loyal to art broke away from all fetters and poured out. He even wanted to put his hot life into the tip of the brush, pouring, splashing and melting into the picture in front of him.<br />
<br />
墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华!<br />
<br />
Various lines on the wall presented the dense jungle in Xishuangbanna, full of vitality. With the movement of the brush, like the process happened in color developer in the darkroom, the images of several Dai women gradually became clear. Their stretched waists, flexible arms, and action of strong inclination added the sense of motion of the scene of water splashing. Lan Ying seemed to hear the cheerful rhythm of the small gong and the exciting drumbeat of the elephant-foot drum. The hazy expressions in the women's faces had infinite yearnings. Thus, the dead wall became alive. It was the artist's passion for life was shining, the reproduction of a beautiful vision. The limited life of the artist was sublimated in the meaningful art!<br />
<br />
站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。 <br />
<br />
Standing behind the art stage to see the art was the easiest to touch off the aftertaste of life. <br />
<br />
兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得到了精神的补偿。 <br />
<br />
Lan Ying felt relaxed, and the heavy feeling like being clogged with lead when she left the hospital was alleviated. Art had already intruded into her destiny, turning her from an outsider into an insider. She got spiritual compensation from the breath of artistic creation.<br />
<br />
这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查有结果了吗?” <br />
<br />
At this time, the painter climbed down from the scaffolding, spotted his wife at a glance, and walked quickly towards her, "Did you get the result of the examination at the hospital?"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说......” <br />
<br />
Lanying said,"Go on with your work. I’ll talk to you when we came back..."<br />
<br />
妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。”<br />
<br />
The peaceful face of his wife reassured the painter. He said, "You should stay in your room and have a good rest."<br />
<br />
“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?” <br />
<br />
"I'm not tired. Lan Ying smiled faintly and said with studied casualness, "What can I do for you?"<br />
<br />
Chapter Two<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对一对画稿上的人物动作。” <br />
<br />
The painter seriously considered for a moment: “Oh, I need you here. Please imitate and check the action of the characters on the sketch for our reference.” <br />
<br />
“好吧。”妻子应允了。 <br />
<br />
"All right." The wife agreed.<br />
<br />
兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容…… <br />
<br />
Lanying made various body movements on the painter’s instructions. Fortunately, she was an active member of the literary and artistic activities twenty years ago with a little dance skills, natural movements, and an ideal slender body. It consumed a lot of time, and the painter looked left and right, directing Lanying's posture while examining the characters on the sketch. For Lanying, who was ill, it was an excessive burden. But she maintained a dignified posture with great endurance, and a serene smile appeared on her pale and tired face...<br />
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几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为一个外科医生,如果给自己开一张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的一桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カ一搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏在心底很久很久了。 <br />
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A few days later, Lanying boarded the northbound train and left Beijing. Her husband went to the station to see her off. Until the moment before her departure, the wife did not tell her husband about her illness. Lan Ying repeatedly considered the gains and losses. As a surgeon, she would not have hesitated to write “hospitalize immediately and surgically remove" if she had given herself a treatment order. The key to the treating a relentless tumor, whether it was benign or malignant, was to treat it in time.But she thought of her husband, and a wonderful career beyond him. Once she was hospitalized for a major surgery, her husband would not hesitate to accompany her and serve her, because she had no other close relatives in this world. In that way, the painter's work would stop, or at least be influence. Her husband was struggling on the difficult road of art and could not be delayed. Lan Ying had to give up her treatment, even if it meant the hope of life, in exchange for the extension of the artistic life. This idea, from the day she fell in love with the painter, had been buried in her heart for a long, long time.<br />
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一声长笛,列车开走了,载着一颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾霭中...... <br />
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With a whistle, the train drove away, carrying the heart of an ordinary but great woman, and disappearing in the fog...<br />
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袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,一株热带丛林特有的鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像是在为自己的青春而骄傲…… <br />
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Yuan Yansheng and his collaborators worked hard and four months passed. The painting work was coming to an end. Turning a corner of the wall, a view of Xishuangbanna at dusk appeared. In the light blue glow, there was a Passionfora edulis unique to the tropical jungle. Its luxuriant branches and leaves were like a cluster of hydrangea, forming a beautiful screen. Dai girls who took a bath at night, holding a clay pot, poured clear spring water on their body. They wore their long and undulating hair down to the ground, which seemed like the ripples of water flowing from high mountains. After the bath, the girls were combing their long hair with a tender smile on their face, as if they were proud of their youth...<br />
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环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。 <br />
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Surrounding the girl's bodies were a few flowing lines, which were the outline of the clothes that was sketched out in the draft. The painter was still uncertain how to handle them. In the process of painting, the onlookers who came and went through the lobby paid special attention to the girls taking baths at night on the wall, wanting to see whether they would be clothed or not.<br />
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洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。“我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的一种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况他画的是神话传说而不是习俗…… <br />
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It is a common knowledge in life that taking a bath (rather than splashing water) needs to take off clothes. In life, Dai women were more innocent. During the days in Xishuangbanna, the painter bathed many times with Dai men and women at the well and in the Lancang River. They were natural and graceful, treating nudity as a as a creation of nature, so they did not feel it was very mysterious. “I admit that I have more conservative thinking.” Yuan Yansheng said sincerely, “Because of this, I am more respectful of them.” In the history of painting, the language of nudity was an artistic language with rich expressiveness. Represented by Venus in ancient Greece, it developed into an independent aesthetic category. Similarly, using the language of nudity to express the author's worship of women and the praise for life became necessary for this particular scene in the mural. Not to mention that he painted myths and legends rather than customs...<br />
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看来,画家打错了主意? It seems that the painter got the wrong idea?<br />
在一些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和犯罪搅成一池浑水。 <br />
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In the eyes of some people, the style of nude was a “evil custom of barbarians” in the west! The richer the material life of the west was, the poorer the spiritual civilization was to the extent that the body was not covered by clothes. On the contrary, the great revolution of spiritual culture and the great retrogression of material production occurred at the same period in our country. In the past ten years, people’s vision had been highly purifief. Chinese women did not even want to wear skirts, cheongsams, or tight-fitting shirts, and wrapped themselves up tightly so as not to show their changeable lines. By doing so, they would not stain the eyes of others and desecrate their bodies. However, treating aesthetics as the result of getting rid of evil concepts did not improve the morality of the society, but brought spiritual impoverishment and degradation. As a result, just like the pure springs turned into muddy currents, art and crime were mixed into a pool of muddy water.<br />
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盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。 <br />
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In the height of summer, when the scene of “bathing at night" stood out, although the images of these young girls were decorative, symbolic and simple, it still caused a stir.<br />
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这并不显眼的一角却引来一批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的…… <br />
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This inconspicuous corner attracted numerous viewers, including curious people, anxious people, passers-by and spectators. People were talking about it in different tones, surprised, harsh or vulgar...<br />
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这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不韪了。如要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的一场争论。 <br />
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It was the first time in years that a nude appeared on modern Chinese murals. The author did a wrong thing that was considered as a big one at the time. If he wanted to solve dispute, it was easy, lifting the brush, smearing a few strokes, and dressing the figures in blouses and skirts, which cost nothing. Then he and his whole family would be blessed and away from misfortune. But he was reluctant to do that. He thought of a controversy in history over the issue of nude art.<br />
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六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的一班轻薄少年、无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军阀败北。 <br />
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Sixty years ago, a group of courageous painters in Shanghai were reviled for using nudity in their teachings and creations. At that time, the newspapers published many critical articles, saying that the painter “offended public decency”, “wanted to make the women of the world into a shameless position" and “broke down the boundaries between Chinese men and women”... And at that time, a group of libertines and loafers in Shanghai took nude photos for sale, which provided handles to trolls. Until the warlord Sun Chuanfang was angered, the painter was wanted by telegram. The painter concentrated all his efforts on rising to the challenge without fear, and wrote articles saying that “Scoundrels made nude photos and obscene picture of prostitutes to attract others for profit, I am very sad... Why Private Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts is blamed? Why I am blamed?” "I advocated that ambition of art shouldn’t be takev away... Although I have to defy all difficulties and dangers, I will never refuse.” The struggle ended in victory for the painter and defeat for the warlord.<br />
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历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的一桩旧案犹未了结。 <br />
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History had gone by more than half a century. Times were different, but an old case in the art world was not settled yet.<br />
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“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思想解放!” <br />
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"What we encountered is no longer a body issue.” Yuan Yansheng said to his companions, “It is related to the ideological liberation of the art world!"<br />
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他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。 <br />
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They insisted on making no changes. This detail in the murals was used as a stone of exploring and was thrown on the path of artistic spring presented in front of them after the smashing of the "Gang of Four".<br />
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舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事…… <br />
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After all, the pressure of public opinion was too great. In order to provide a peaceful environment for the painter to paint, the airport and the construction company were kind to cover up the doors and windows of the lobby while the painting work was still incomplete. Thus, the modernized doors were covered with thick kraft papers produced in the traditional way in China, and the murals painted in imported acrylic paints were hidden in a dull yellow glow of classical colors. The painter was at peace for the moment and went on with their unfinished work...<br />
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不是结尾 <br />
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Not the End<br />
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10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动…… <br />
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One day in late October, the autumn wind swirled yellow sand, sweeping above the streets of Beijing. Yuan Yansheng walked down the street quickly, facing the wind, and his long and thick black hair fluttering in the wind...<br />
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首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。 <br />
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The painting work of murals at the Capital Airport had been completed. The artists and art workers, led by Zhang Ding, achieved great success. The papers and TV stations published and broadcasted murals with distinctive characteristics and modern style: ''Nezha Conquers the Dragon King'', ''Song of the Forest'', ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan'', ''The Spring of Science'' and ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life''... It was like a hot whirlwind in the art world and society, provoking intense reactions. Before the Fourth Congress of Chinese Writers and Artists, a group of celebrities from the circles of literature and art, theory, architecture, foreign trade and press and publication came to the Capital Airport to attend the unveiling ceremony and congratulate the artists.<br />
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国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人一进入中国就有一个强烈的印象,这种艺术是一个国家国力的象征。” <br />
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They acquired great recognition from foreigners. Foreign friends stood in the lobby of the terminal building, looking around the four walls with appreciative eyes and saying, "Beijing Airport will be famous all over the world for its murals.” ”It gives people a strong impression upon entering China that this art is a symbol of a country's national power."<br />
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日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……” <br />
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Hirayama Ikuo, a famous Japanese painter, also came to visit. He said that Chinese culture had two peaks in history: the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, and he believed that the third peak was coming. He said to Yuan Yansheng with a smile, "After seeing your murals, I think Xishuangbanna is very beautiful. I really want to change the plan of this trip and go there..."<br />
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这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰一样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔…… <br />
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These days, Yunsheng was very busy. Meeting with foreign guests, accepting interviews and giving speeches on stage filled up his daily schedule. The lonely days were gone, followed by honors, applauses, and toasts, like stepping from the rugged mountain road to the peak full of flowers... He walked on the street, the wind and sand rushing toward him, and his lapel swaying in the wind. At this moment, contrary to the joy brought by the brilliant success, his face was strangely sad and sorrowful, frozen like ice, cold as a rock. It seemed to have infinite remorse in his indifference...<br />
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呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化? <br />
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Oh, what were you doing for? Were you still not satisfied? Or were you still worried about the change of political wind?<br />
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不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着一个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作是坚定正确的表现。他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。 <br />
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No. He was not worried about that. He was confident. For more than twenty years, he had been tenacious exploring towards a set goal with the sincerity of art. He had never been discouraged in the face of any setbacks. He loved the art of the country, and was classified as a "rightist" because he disagreed with Soviet painting theory. But now people who took the same position were seen as having a solid and right performance. He loved the watery towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and took a hit for painting the beautiful scenes of the rural market. But now markets all over the country were more prosperous than they were then. Oh life, many things would be changed after thirty years! He no longer believed in temporary and hasty conclusions. His personality and the personality of his art had been strengthened by adversity, becoming independent of the conclusions.<br />
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那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧? <br />
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So, why were you sad? Why were you depressed?<br />
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只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无望,只等待手术的判决…… <br />
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Just because his wife, bosom friend, backer of his career and partner in distress, was lying sickly in the hospital. It was not until a few days earlier that he learned of the illness that Lanying had hidden from him. After four months of suffering from the disease, Lanying's health collapsed! When she left Changchun, her sick body wasted away, with weak spirit and pale and yellow face. Her female companions, who saw her off, could not see any color on her face, took it as their last farewell, breaking down in tears. At this moment, she lay quietly in a hospital in Beijing, and she seemed tired. Once the burden was lifted from her shoulders, she didn’t have words, complaints and hope, only waiting for the verdict of surgery...<br />
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一个人站立起来了,另一个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南去的列车上一见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下一笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。 <br />
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One people stood up, another fell down, and she fell down for him. Since they met on the southbound train, she made too many voluntary sacrifices. If the wife really could never stand up again, then what was the meaning of her husband's success today for her? She was a doctor, a good wife and mother, and a person dedicated to art. Her contributions could never be rewarded, and she could not leave a mark on any art classic, but only painful memories engraved in her husband's heart.<br />
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画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼眶里滚动。 <br />
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The painter ran down the street to the hospital, a storm stirring up in his heart. His eyes were wet, white tears rolling in his eyes.<br />
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他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:一种是诚实的艺术家;另一种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。 <br />
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He thought of the two kinds of people who were closest to art in the wide world. One was the honest artist; the other was the person who did not know art but was pure and simple, such as his lovely wife.<br />
<br />
他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少一些吗? <br />
<br />
They didn’t have other intention, just for art. To recognize their hard work was the minimum to tolerate the existence of art. But they suffered too much beyond art. Couldn’t they suffer less?<br />
<br />
他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。 <br />
<br />
He walked on the street in Beijing, his tearful eyes shining with anticipation.<br />
<br />
后记: <br />
<br />
Postscript:<br />
<br />
本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又过了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世事变迁未可尽述。 <br />
<br />
After this article was published, the heroine recovered after treatment. A few years later, the hero went to the U.S. alone. And many things had changed and it was impossible to mention them all.<br />
<br />
——作者 <br />
<br />
--Author<br />
<br />
（原载《十月》1980年6月） <br />
<br />
(Originally published in October, June 1980)<br />
<br />
==卷一：10.热血男儿==<br />
<br />
热血男儿<br />
<br />
李士非<br />
<br />
满腔的热血已经沸腾。<br />
<br />
《国际歌》<br />
<br />
ー、能见到袁庚吗?<br />
<br />
在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天,蛇口エ业区和它的领导人袁庚,名扬国内外,越 来越引人注目。<br />
<br />
但是,我接受写袁庚的任务,未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他,手头也没有 积累多少关于他的资料,而且听说采访他很困难:他是香港招商局常务副董事长 （人们因此亲切地称他为袁董）,大部分时间在香港,每到蛇口,都忙得不可开交, 实在抽不出时间接受采访。但是,过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观,听过介绍,看 过录像,袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣,接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口 来,这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。“能见到袁庚吗?”“即使见不到袁庚也要写!”所谓 “冒险”,无非是写不出或写不好,个人面子不好看罢了,比起袁庚和他的朋友们从 事改革所冒的风险,简直是微不足道的。<br />
<br />
仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气,到这里待ー些日子也是值得的。<br />
<br />
“如果你只能待很短的时间,我劝你趁早打退堂鼓,不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆 辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意,开弓没有回头箭,退堂鼓是 不好打的。<br />
<br />
二、夜访梁宪<br />
<br />
在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口,袁庚出国去了,说是7月底或8月初 才能回来。最了解他的ー个人,东江纵队时期就和他ー起工作,现任蛇口工业区顾 <br />
问的许智明,到澳大利亚探亲去了,归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同, “时间就是金钱,效率就是生命”,白天工作紧张,找人谈话很难,晚上访问也要事 先约定,因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰 上袁庚的儿子袁中印,《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意,他马 上说:“有什么好写的?这么多人写过了,要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受 了乃父的影响,不大欢迎采访。“慢慢来吧,我一定要找你的。”我心里说。<br />
<br />
多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙,约定了 一天晚上9点钟去访问エ业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人,穿过海 滨花园,沐着海风,经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边,漫步走向梁宪的住 处。早已听说,他!962年毕业于中山大学外语系,是梁宗岱教授的高足,对法国文 学很有研究。果然,ー见之下,我就感到他是ー个充满艺术气质的人。<br />
<br />
他掏出港币,买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客,然后和我们谈笑风生。<br />
<br />
“你们是文人,我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人,她在中央戏剧学 院教书。我对她说:你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的,但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。 中国像你们这样的文人太多,像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一 句英语,“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙,黄虹坚ー时也 没反应过来,陈宜浩翻译说:“他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑 起来。<br />
<br />
梁宪大学毕业的时候,老百姓正在饿肚子,大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法 国文学的尖子,后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作,比袁庚晚半 年多一点。袁庚很器重他,有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。<br />
<br />
“我去香港的时候,老婆说:最怕你没骨气,没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是 有的,外派干部只要有一点热血,就不是追求几大件,而是感到抬不起头来!<br />
<br />
“刚到香港,每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐,ー串串的,海上漂着偷渡者的尸 体,我们不能忍受,啪一声把电视关了。<br />
<br />
“我们国内建设搞不好,连ー些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们, 心里真难受呀。所以,我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过:’我之所以这么干,是 为了实现我入党时的初衷。’”<br />
<br />
一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿,梁宪又概括地说:<br />
<br />
“我熟悉的人当中,有两个热血男儿,ー个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛,ー个就是 袁庚!”<br />
<br />
好一个“热血男儿” !这个词太恰当了,把这两个人相提并论太好了,我不禁<br />
<br />
怦然心动,觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。<br />
<br />
也真巧,比我年长20岁的刘任涛,是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第 一流的眼科专家,共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长,曾为刘伯承元帅安过义 眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》,改行当了电影编剧,“文化大革命”中在珠 影被诬为“历史反革命”,打断五根肋骨,投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动 期间,他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明,不顾自己的政治处境,不顾没 有任何医疗条件,决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他:“万一失败,你就 是阶级报复,就会重进监狱。”他不听,他终于成功了。“作为医生,我拯救了我的 灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀,立下遗嘱:死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢 复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
<br />
刘任涛和袁庚,经历和事业完全不同,但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身 精神,是多么相似呵!我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚,觉得对袁庚也开始熟 悉了。<br />
<br />
三、“冒险家”<br />
<br />
刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障,要冒风险。袁 庚在蛇口进行改革,要冒更大的风险:两年之前,不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影 地攻击经济特区嘛!<br />
<br />
但是,时代毕竟不同了,今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月 9日,胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区,袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆,和总书记有一 段精彩的对话。<br />
<br />
袁庚:关于改革问题,现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看,凡是搞改革 的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法,最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变 法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪,改良主义,结果六君子被 杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革,我想不会落得前人这样 的下场,我们是在党的领导下进行的,不会有问题吧,我们值得冒这个险!<br />
<br />
胡耀邦:过去的改革是下层少数人去改,领导者、统治者是压制的。现在 不同,我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改,现在和过去根本不同嘛!<br />
<br />
袁庚:我们感到,我们的干部是不大怕群众的,只怕顶头上司,怕上司不喜 欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说,我每次来蛇口,ー上码头,前呼后 拥的,下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒,就会忘乎所以,久而久之, 就不怕群众,不怕下级,因为群众、下级撤不了我的职,我只怕交通部,怕顶头 上司,只有他们才能撤我的职。<br />
<br />
所以,群众监督干部,群众有权选举和罢免干部,这至关重要。我们这里 想搞个改革试点,管委会由群众选举产生,每年投一次信任票,如果不信任票 超过半数,管委会就得改选,个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公 开的、直接的,由群众投票选举的领导班子,就会想群众之所想,急群众之所 急,就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手,就有人自动送礼 上门,如果头脑不清醒,不能自律,就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装 懂,诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部,我相信可以改变一下干部的结 构和干部的作风。我们想做这样ー个不太小的改革,准备冒一点风险。<br />
<br />
胡耀邦:（点头）好!很好!<br />
<br />
袁庚:总书记说了好,我们就记录在案,马上打报告这样做。<br />
<br />
胡耀邦:（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿,在哪 ー出戏里我忘记了,讽刺官僚主义者,他不敢骂台上的官,只敢骂戏台上堂前 的鼓。有一段唱词说:“一棵大树腹中空,两头都是皮儿绷,每天上堂敲三下, R卜咚ゆ咚又ゆ咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛!（全场大笑）<br />
<br />
党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印,想到ー块去了,这在蛇口的发 展史上,是应当大书特书的。<br />
<br />
1983年4月24日,选举产生了蛇口エ业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22 日,按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票?组干处处长虞 德海说:“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的,信任票不足半数就 得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决,一定要搞信任投票。” 投票结果,管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数,袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上,全 部投票公开,任人查阅,尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐,如“某某能力低”“某某 不堪信任”之类,也不加掩饰。<br />
<br />
这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。<br />
<br />
四、“那里不肯放,就辞职!”<br />
<br />
选举产生领导班子,定期举行信任投票,这是袁庚深思熟虑的ー项决定。他深<br />
深感到,不改革干部制度,不改变干部结构,任何改革都无从谈起,“四化”也只是 一句空话。<br />
<br />
有的领导干部,居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人:“你们大学建多大的桥?” 问来访的美国客人:“英国人讲英语,你们美国人讲什么语?”还有人向中央领导同 志汇报他到香港考察的收获:“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯!”如此等等,令人 啼笑皆非。这样的干部,怎能担当建设“四化”的重任!<br />
<br />
蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地）,指挥部只有 二十多个干部的时候,袁庚就开始考虑如何培育ー支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命 化的干部队伍。1981年,他排除阻カ,毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班,从全国 各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说,“我是个冒险家,为了蛇口的改革,我从 全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。<br />
<br />
当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员,委托交通部下属的交通科 学院情报所代为主持,在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、 江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。<br />
<br />
王潮梁!938年出生于江苏无锡,1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计 专业。早在1958年,他就参考外国的资料,在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫 原理,并和同学们一道造出了样品,在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对 飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是,在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年 代,几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机エ厂飞机设 计室任产品主管设计员,那时生产要听驻厂军代表的,而军代表只相信苏联专家和 苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料,翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂, 即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂,也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚 子气,却毫无办法。岁月如流,王潮梁搞了 17年飞机设计,却看到我们的飞机エ业 比印度还落后;又研制了四年的飞翔船,却看不到一艘飞翔船下水,那种壮志难酬 的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会,唯一的名额给了业务上 根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培 训班招生的广告时,他兴奋极了,“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方,去!”立刻把广告 剪下来,郑重地贴在本子上。<br />
<br />
他第一个走进考场,第一个走出考场。笔试、面试,成绩优良。主持考试的情 报所林鸿慈同志下了结论:这是个人才,录取！<br />
<br />
但是,在中国有一个很大的矛盾:生产资料是全民所有制,干部却是单位私有 制。ー个单位可以把ー个或ー批人才冷藏ー辈子<br />
<br />
长江航运科研所不肯放人。<br />
<br />
198I年11月,袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他,向他汇 报了招生的情况,特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。<br />
<br />
袁庚很激动。<br />
<br />
“小王是不是党员?”<br />
<br />
“不是。”<br />
<br />
“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量,开个头,那里不肯放,就辞职!我这 里收。最多就是人家去告状,最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先 例。告到国务院,我们就把这个同志的情况报上去,中央领导会支持我们。新华社 社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开’干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人 在单位不充分发挥作用,又不让调,这个局面不打开是不成的!”<br />
<br />
林鸿慈被袁庚打动了,写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁,同时通过各种渠道 去做说服、疏通工作。终于,用不着王潮梁辞职,单位同意放人了。1982年,王潮 梁来到蛇口工业区。<br />
<br />
五、企业管理研究生<br />
<br />
1982年12月的一天晚上,ー个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
<br />
这是一次事先约定的会见。<br />
<br />
年轻人叫余昌民,刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清 华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生,工作了八九年,深感中国企业管理的弊病 太多,1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年, 专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息,《读卖新闻》为 此发了专稿,登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了,干什么好呢?学校建议他到国家 经委属下的中国企业研究协会去,这当然是个专业对口的美差,但是在武汉工作的 爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候,蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。他每星期上街 去买《深圳特区报》,得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝,如饥似渴地加以研 究。不难判断,蛇口エ业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去!决心下定了,系 里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会,经朋友介绍,他就来登门拜访了。<br />
<br />
会面的一瞬间,两个人互相观察了一下。<br />
<br />
“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗?穿件中式棉袄,和一般的老干部没啥差别,不 是想象中的那个改革家的模样,而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真 的值得?”<br />
<br />
真正的一闪念,没容余昌民多想,袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
<br />
谈话开门见山。<br />
<br />
“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里?”<br />
<br />
“在于体制。”<br />
<br />
“对了!”袁庚兴奋起来,侃侃而谈,“上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦,说 他们要一千人,劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用,那七百是搭配的闲人,你再要, 就再搭配,再多余,反正是大锅饭,大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了,还说这是社会主义 的优越性!这样,工厂冗员越来越多,工厂成了小社会,在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的, 形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ,败坏着我们的民族素质!这样的体制不改革,我们 就没有出路!”<br />
<br />
“我的ー篇论文,提出了企业的素质问题。”<br />
<br />
“有何高见?”<br />
<br />
“素质,好比基本作用,像女排,形成了她们的基本作风,就有战斗カ。”<br />
<br />
“就把ー个企业比作球队吧,假如你是教练,别人随便塞人给你,你怎么办?”<br />
<br />
“我不要。”<br />
<br />
“不要不行!”<br />
<br />
“那我不干。”<br />
<br />
“对了,就得这样。”<br />
<br />
一老ー少,越谈越投机,彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处ー闪而过的那点 疑虑也完全打消了。<br />
<br />
“我们这里可要冒点风险。”<br />
<br />
“正因为这样オ要去,建设好了还去干什么?”<br />
<br />
“你个人有什么要求?”<br />
<br />
“只要求家属ー起去。”<br />
<br />
“这个我们来办。”<br />
<br />
两个月后,余昌民父亲去世,回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化,系里要留他。 企业管理系刚刚建立,工作需要,理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚 飞往蛇口,收不回来了。<br />
<br />
1983年3月,袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客,系里派余昌民随行。系 领导的目的,是让校长对余昌民有个印象,说服他留下来,同时出面解决他家属的 户ロ问题。<br />
<br />
谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口,袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有,余昌 民暗示要做刘达的工作。<br />
<br />
余昌民再一次请求:“校长,让我来蛇口吧。”<br />
<br />
“系里要我帮忙留你,我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。<br />
<br />
袁庚一再要求支持:“刘达同志,把小余给我们吧,我们迫切需要企业管理的专 门人才。”<br />
<br />
刘达心动了。这位参加过“ー二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
<br />
回去后,余昌民给系里写了报告,对系里的教育培养表示感谢,说明清华企业 管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设,这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都 至关重要。<br />
<br />
问题迎刃而解。7月,夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。<br />
<br />
当余昌民到エ业区大楼报到的时候,在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉 着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口,边走边说:“你是研究企业管理的,你先熟悉ー 下情况,有把握了再谈工作……”<br />
<br />
袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信,其中有一段话:<br />
<br />
关于小余的事,同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失ー小余,无妨 大局,蛇口得之,如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下,エ业区将受其惠。<br />
<br />
重感情的刘达,把这封信送给了余昌民,让他留作永久的纪念。<br />
<br />
六、星期天的早晨<br />
<br />
星期天早晨8点钟,顾立基刚起床,洗了脸,正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同 学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的,大家都熬了夜,现在让他们多睡一会儿 吧。顾立基轻手轻脚,唯恐弄出一点声音来。<br />
<br />
“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗?”<br />
<br />
门外传来ー个声音。顾立基一看,走廊上站着ー个六十多岁的老人和一个 姑娘。<br />
<br />
“我就是顾立基,您是?”<br />
<br />
“我是袁庚,蛇口的袁庚〇”老人首先伸出手来,“这是我女儿尼亚,她不放心我 的身体,一定要陪我来,其实我的身体还可以。你看,骑了半小时车子,轻松愉快。”<br />
<br />
顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 他深受感动。<br />
<br />
“我们到楼下谈吧,同学们还在睡觉。”<br />
<br />
楼下有一张靠背长椅,三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨,不冷不热,阳光和煦, 轻风拂面,校园一片宁静的气氛。<br />
<br />
“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会?”<br />
<br />
“是的,现在会员有一千多人了,成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。”<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长?”<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊,”顾立基笑了, “我是说过想当厂长,为此还惹过ー些麻 烦呢。”<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦?”<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。”<br />
<br />
“岂有此理!想当个厂长是什么野心!’不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’,这 是拿破仑说的还是谁说的? 一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对!”<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的,但是我感到中国更需要管理人才,所以主动旁听了企业管理 系研究生的全部课程。”<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧,我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班,要培养大量的管理人才。”<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像,我的心就动了,只是还没下定决心。”<br />
<br />
“现在呢?”<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了,去蛇口。”<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗?”<br />
<br />
有什么困难? 1982年的初夏,社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的,有人在 报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界,影射特区有变成租界的危险,造成一股无形的压 力,因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些,可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的 人在ー起,冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去,下属工厂任他挑选,这 些,对他有一定的吸引力。他自从!967年中学毕业,1968年进上海印染机械修配 厂,十年中当过锅炉エ、车エ、錠エ、钳エ、电エ,当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不 惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为,1974年顾立基和他们争吵过ー 次,挨了批斗,却受到工人们的同情,和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要 毕业了 ,朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查,他是材料组的负责 人,如果不来上大学,早就走上领导岗位了,现在回去,工作安排是不成问题的。但 是,陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大,他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的 是,母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房,姐妹们都在外地,母亲 希望他留在身边,爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口,使他动了感情,他滔 滔不绝地发起议论来。<br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办ー个工业区 呢?为了在那块地方搞改革,搞全面的改革,从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度,都 要改,不改就没有出路。过去三十年,极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。 1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候,海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体,都是青年,他们为什 么要跑?因为我们穷!<br />
<br />
“’四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’,越搞跑的人越多。ー些村子的青壮年几乎跑 光了,真叫人欲哭无泪!蛇口对面就是香港的元朗,相隔只有6000米,晴天能看到 它的高楼,它就是在我们’十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了, 必须把经济搞上去,这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公 里,对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛,我们改革成功了,对全国就有很大 的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛,无伤大局。当然,我们一定要尽最大的 努力,争取成功,避免失败。我们这ー代人是老了,当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时 候,时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……”<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动,身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚,望 着自己的父亲,眼睛也有点热了……<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来,当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书,1984年4月被聘为 办公室主任。<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚,因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口,听说顾立基6日 ー早要去香港,5日晚我去登门拜访。<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告,我为 了听这个报告,推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的,谁都可以听,欢迎你去。”ー见面 顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗?”<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难,他在蛇口不会待太久,一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告, 你最好陪他回宿舍ーー他儿子的住处,或者宾馆,这样边走边谈,可以谈十来分 钟……”<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗?<br />
<br />
不管怎样,先听听他的报告再说吧。<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半,袁庚的报告准时开始。<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影,大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。 今天这个会也叫新闻发布会,街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂,基本上坐满 了,放眼望过去,都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。<br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上, 顾立基主持大会。<br />
<br />
ー开始,袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕,只讲个把钟头。”<br />
<br />
人们笑了,其实怕的是他讲得太短。<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问,历时23天,访问了 4个国家、16个公司、18个城市,从新加坡 开始,往西到英国,再到美国、日本,整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处,受到隆重的、 破格的接待,我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们 四个人,而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化,在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到 做蛇口人的光荣。”<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张,出国访问要花自己的钱,花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、 软弱的地位。这次出访,他们带了 20万美金的信用卡,足够用了,所到之处都坚持 这个原则,唯独在新加坡失灵了。那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系,但新加 坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检,从飞机场ー直送到最高级的香格里拉大 酒店,袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前,这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫 人;在他之后,住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨）,每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观 什么项目,全部满足要求。临走结账时,酒店经理说:“在你们到来之前,已经有人 付了全部费用。”<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁,英国老板们在海员罢エ浪潮的 冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们,给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深 刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说:“我们原打算3年之内种植 20万株月季,把蛇口建成玫瑰之城,现在看来太落后了……”<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国,主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡,大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔,华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民,交给他一把金钥匙。女 市长在宴会上说:“我是百分之百的中国人,也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说:“我 很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判,就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过, “在经济问题上,兄弟无情,六亲不认!何况是与外国人谈判「’<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前,有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过 的曲折。<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日,袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件,大家听了很高兴,但我们不要高兴得过早。不 要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了,但官僚主义、 红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事,还是有的。例如我们正在谈判 的浮法玻璃厂,到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃,为什么不准我们用 最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ?最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局 交涉。她们去的时候,人家一口答应,讲你们回去好了,但等我们企业室派人带合 同去盖章的时候,又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干,他们讲:‘你们派了记 者、作家来,我敢不答应吗?弄得不好,你们要写报告文学,写内参,我受得了 吗,？……”<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨,交涉了九个月,オ过了国内这ー关。<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判,当然不可能用这么长的时间,但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想 而知的。<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂,简直是一座玻璃城!它生产各式各样 的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃,用25磅大锤从20米外打去,地皮都震动了,玻璃却安 然无恙。我们和美国合资,投资ー亿美元,引进一座同样的エ厂,买他的专利,以后 我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点,集中在每年所付专利费 占销售总额的百分比上。<br />
<br />
美方要6%,我们还价4% 〇<br />
<br />
美方降到5%,我们加到4.5%。<br />
<br />
寸利必争,形成僵局。<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。<br />
<br />
“先生们,我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针,2000年前发明了火药,全人类 <br />
都在享受这些伟大的成果,可是他们从来没有要过什么专利,我们作为后代从来没 有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋,而是觉得光荣。请问各位,那时候你们的祖先在哪 里?恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前,是不是毛特别多……”<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前,一个个咧嘴笑了。<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕,我的意思不是不付专利费,而是要求公平合理r’<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格,坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们,说不 定会抗议呢!“你骂我们的祖先,是可忍,孰不可忍ド’<br />
<br />
终于达成协议:4.75%,为期!0年。<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进ー个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂,专利 费是5% ,时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处,绝不能走 美国的路!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退,エ业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走,他们还 有点生气,现在停滞不前了。<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方,转移到太平洋 沿岸。<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了,现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈,今天 下午四点半ー踏上蛇口码头,就感到无比的清新,感到ー草一木都非常亲切。<br />
<br />
“10月1日,蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话,那是大家的 功劳！<br />
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“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的,思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上,我们ー定要 赶上和超过他们!”<br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时,宣布散会了,大家意犹未尽。<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了,我放弃了跟上去的打算。<br />
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ハ、“搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
8月7日,袁庚开了一整天会,据说8日也不会有空,而9日ー早又要回香港 了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上,我给他写了一封信,说明这一次 如果不能和他交谈,我将等待,直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨,我把这封信 交给了エ业区党委副书记乔胜利,请他转交。<br />
<br />
8日上午,我到办公大楼访问王潮梁,两人刚坐下来,办公室副主任黄振超匆<br />
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匆忙忙地叫我:“袁董回来了,快去见他!”<br />
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我向王潮梁道了歉,说明另改时间,急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的,中间隔着大块的透明玻璃,老远就看 见了袁庚,他手里正拿着一大摞文件。<br />
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我和他握手的时候,黄振超在旁边向他说明:“只是见见面,不会占你很多 时间。”<br />
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袁庚却非常随便地笑着说:<br />
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“你是《花城》的?来搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
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一句玩笑话把距离缩短了,而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。我 知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。梁宪说过,前几年在北京开会,有一天袁庚 看了张洁的小说《爱,是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章,问他:“你认识这个作家 吗?咱们把她请到蛇口去!”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所 了解的,“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。<br />
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我也笑着说:<br />
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“我搞的是阳谋,要写你和蛇口。”<br />
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他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下,舒服地往藤椅上一靠,摆出了准备 谈ー阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好,这里问题多得 很,改革每前进ー步都要经过斗争,到处充满着矛盾。”<br />
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我说:“正是这一点吸引了我。”<br />
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“ー个国家没有民主是不行的,而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。 我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国,政治家演说,群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿 扔他,他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的,但这ー套对巩固资产阶级的统 治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底,孙中山是 想搞民主的,他死得太早,没搞成。中华民族是伟大的,但是历史的包袱太重了。”<br />
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半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿,她在美国学企业管理,谈起来也说:在 美国深有感慨,感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重〇<br />
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“美国这个民族,就没有什么框框,我在报告会上也说了,他们的总督牌香烟广 告有一句口号是’想做就去做’,这句话香港也接受不了,译成’应做就去做’〇当 然,想干什么就干什么是不行的,但我们许多应干的事却干不成。”<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历,他扼要地做了回答,着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命” 中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时,这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来,<br />
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微笑着站在那里不动,我知道是催他去开会,我们的谈话该结束了。<br />
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黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志,我们马上又赶到 太子宾馆,和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢,对监狱内外情形 都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说:<br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨,出来就蔦儿了,可是他不,他的劲头反而更大了。”<br />
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我心里说:这オ是袁庚!<br />
<br />
过了几天,乔胜利对陈宜浩说:“袁董看了我的信,答应下次回来再和我谈。” 可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。<br />
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8月25日上午,我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息,急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联 系。但是太迟了,他过了中午又要回香港,而上午的时间已经排满,就在和我通话 的时候,他不得不放下电话去开门。他说:<br />
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“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧,不要紧的,我们没有秘密。”<br />
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我没有准备电话采访,ー时想不齐全,只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字, 他ーー做了回答:“这些也要发表吗?”我说:“不一定发表。”他说:“发表也没关系, 那天我讲话外国人也听了。”<br />
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我说:“将来排出校样,送给你看看好吗?免得事实有出入。”<br />
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“不必了。不要什么都审查,出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的,难免出点差 错。捅点娄子也不要紧。”<br />
<br />
“好了,谢谢您。”<br />
<br />
“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。<br />
<br />
一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观,来到铝材厂门口时,他向学 员们介绍:这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人,23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起 来,大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停エ,ー个工人从高处摔下来受了伤,他的哥哥跑 过去看了看,见弟弟没有生命危险,便又回去干活了。<br />
<br />
袁庚说:“日本不富没有天理!中国改革不富也没有天理!”<br />
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现在我想说:蛇口的改革不成功没有天理!<br />
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九、大鹏魂<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚,魁梧、潇洒,兼有外交家和实业家的风度,具有一种吸引人的魅 カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢?<br />
拨开历史的迷雾,我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园,算 是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。<br />
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1935年,他毕业于广州广雅中学,随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测 量员,他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校,陈济棠下台后,这家军校成了国民党中央军 校的分校。在学校里,袁庚是活跃的足球门将,练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕 业,他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官,ー个个腐化不堪,对民族危亡无动于衷,便愤 然回到故乡大鹏镇,担任第一小学校长,同时兼任地方自卫队教官。<br />
<br />
学校是国民党办的,自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的,但是学校和自卫队中都有 中共地下党员。<br />
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戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚,在当地是ー个重要人物,三种政治力量对他都很 重视。<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文,和他住到ー起,亲自考察他。<br />
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革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
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1939年3月27日,袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党,从这ー 天起,他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。<br />
<br />
当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党 的漫画,刺痛了国民党区党部,他的处境变得危险了,党组织于!939年冬天把他转 移到党领导的抗日游击队,从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子, 像大鹏ー样展翅高飞了。<br />
<br />
抗日战争期间,美军作为盟军,在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组,担任东纵联 络处处长的袁庚,和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示,东纵和美 军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报,对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。<br />
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日寇投降时,英军远在缅甸,ー个海军少将只率领ー营人乘航空母舰赶到香 港。他的兵力不足以维持治安,要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央,中 央复电:为了对付国民党的内战阴谋,坚决撤离港九地区;同时要求在香港设立联 络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判,袁庚不辱使命,漂亮地完成了任务,并成为驻 香港办事处的第一任主任,这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能 想到,历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折,二十多年后,这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。<br />
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十、秦城监狱<br />
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1968年4月6日,袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家,到机关去上班。北京的4月 初,春寒料峭,风沙迷眼,加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报,形成一片肃杀气氛,使袁 庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作,刚告一段落,还来不及喘口气, 就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息,他于愤 懑中保持着镇定。<br />
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回到办公室不久,有人通知:“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门,看到 除部长之外,还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长,面孔板得像 ー座木雕。<br />
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“袁庚,你被捕了!”<br />
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下午,机关召开大会,部长在会上宣布:“袁庚是美国特务,已经依法逮捕。”袁 庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和 刘丹ー,互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周 总理安全的情景,记忆犹新,那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间,周旋于华侨社会 之中,眼睛熬红了,人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场,天理何在?!<br />
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与此同时,汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中,勒令交出所有的钥匙,开始抄家。 翻箱倒柜,从下午抄到天黑,然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时,オ发现三个 孩子被关在门外不准进家,左邻右舍也不敢收留,孩子们在抹眼泪……<br />
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从此以后,袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里,也不知是死是 活,到哪里打听都说不知道。!969年,汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校,孩 子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”,但作为“反革命家属”， 她只能干最脏最累的活,如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎,痛得胳膊抬 不起来,医生建议回北京治疗,干校就是不准。直到!972年初夏,她的大孩子中印 就要下乡插队了,她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服,打点行装,オ被批准。<br />
<br />
1972年7月,袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后,有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去 探监。“他还活着,他还活着!”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。<br />
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汪宗谦心酸地发现,袁庚行走困难,说话声音也变了,而且他不知道当时是何 年何月！<br />
<br />
原来监狱里日夜亮着灯,犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替,失去了时间的概念;<br />
睡觉时只准脸朝外,一条腿总是压在下边,时间长了造成萎缩;长期不讲话,声带都 沙哑了。<br />
<br />
我曾经听说,袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西,只有放风时在天井里看到 墙根的小草。问他是不是这样,他说:<br />
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“不,还有蚂蚁,我对蚂蚁很有研究。”<br />
<br />
这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量!<br />
<br />
汪宗谦见过了袁庚,就为救他而奔走了。<br />
<br />
“没见他不知道他死活,既然知道他还活着,我就怕他死了!问题还没搞清,死 了孩子们都得背黑锅呀!他住在楼上,要到楼下的天井放风,上下都很辛苦,我到 中央接待站去上访,请求把他搬到楼下来,这个要求被接受了。”<br />
<br />
袁庚搬到楼下的ー间房,发现席子底下有一团花白的头发,他判断这里关过ー 个五十多岁的女同志。后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事,王光美 说:“没错,正是我住过的那间房。”<br />
<br />
袁庚出狱,已是1973年9月30日,整整关了 5年半。<br />
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在狱中,睡觉时只要一转身,看守就在外边敲门。夜晚,敲门声常常把人惊醒。 袁庚回到家里,刚一入睡就惊醒了,这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年,这种心悸 病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能,却用了更长的时间。每天,汪宗谦搀 着袁庚,ー步,ー步,慢慢地走,越走越远,越走越快,走了一年之久,两条腿オ恢复 了平衡。<br />
<br />
更可悲的是,有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子,出来不会走直路了,一走就 转圈,连马路也不能过。人啊,人！人的尊严到哪里去了！<br />
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经过一年多的休养治疗,1975年,袁庚被分配到交通部,当了外事局副局长。<br />
<br />
ー恢复工作,袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体ー样活跃起来。<br />
<br />
恢复工作之前,袁庚骑自行车上街,总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道,“不能开 慢点吗” !恢复工作之后,自己也坐上了小汽车,有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了, “不能靠边骑吗” !他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化,在心里警告自己道: “可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀!”<br />
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多年来,这成了他的一个信条。<br />
<br />
十ー、香港第一课<br />
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1978年,做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚,以花甲之年改行搞经济,被派<br />
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到香港招商局担任副董事长。<br />
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招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日,招商局 香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱,从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。 历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长,所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。 从李鸿章算起,袁庚是第29任了。<br />
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香港招商局在极'左‘思想影响之下,经营单一,困守一隅,搞了几十年没有什 么发展。袁庚到任,根据中央定下的“以航运为中心,立足港澳,背靠内地,面向海 外,多种经营,工商结合,买卖结合”的方针,以铁腕大力整顿。<br />
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袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说:<br />
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“我到香港的第一课,就是买了一座大楼,非常便宜,只花了 6180万（港币）。 第一次交订金时,支票2000万。那天是星期五,当时讲好下午2点钟,在ー个律师 楼里,大家一手交钱,一手交货。我们开了 2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的 对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里,发动机都没有停。ー上去之后,大 家一手交货,一手交钱,签字。签完字,对方拿着支票,两个人夹住,下去了。剩下 ー个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度,马上存到银行里去了。 因为明天是礼拜六了,人家银行关门,礼拜天也关门,假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前 不到银行去交那个支票的话,他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支 票交给他。我们的财务去了,他回来向我们报告,他说当时那个场面是很动人的。 当然,我们闭着眼睛也能想到,资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重 视,当时浮动利息是!4厘,三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志,那就 无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去,回家。他没有这个观念!这就是香港第一课。 我也不怕自惭形秽,ー窍不通,我接触经济工作,仅仅是5年多前开始的。但ー开 始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多!招商局的子公司多的是,ー检查,发现支 票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了 ,换了一个华东 财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后,我就给他讲这个道理,ー个礼拜之内他就能够接 受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事,立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后,财源 滚滚而来。……这个’时间就是金钱’,不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我,其实 这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’,它说得比我还 厉害,时间重于金钱!”<br />
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招商局走上轨道,袁庚就考虑进ー步的发展了。1979年初,他和有关同志带 着在蛇口开发エ业区的蓝图,到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志 很感兴趣,当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给エ业区,袁庚还没有这个胆量,只要了<br />
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2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候,袁庚心里默默 地说:<br />
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“先念同志,签吧,您这ー笔下去,将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀!”<br />
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十二、淸新<br />
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1984年8月,蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅,迎面是ー架屏 风,正中间挂着一幅草书,苍劲流畅的书法,引人注目,细看那内容,更是气度非凡。 这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本,把它抄了下来。<br />
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登微波楼<br />
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微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
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时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
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宝安袁庚<br />
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我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
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我有同感。<br />
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蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
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六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
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晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
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啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
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十三、心血<br />
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清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
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ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
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1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
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这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
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施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
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午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
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下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
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厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
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的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
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我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
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我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
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龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
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“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
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“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
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“你有什么打算?”<br />
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“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
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“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
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“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
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在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
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十五、激动的工程师<br />
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7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
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蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
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边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
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“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
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的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
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“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
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46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
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他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
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王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
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袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
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管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
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当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
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“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
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“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
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“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
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“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
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“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
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“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
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“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
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“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
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“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
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了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
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父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
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“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
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当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
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“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
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“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
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“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
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“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
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第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
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12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
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1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
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王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
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“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
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“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
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“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
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“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
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“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
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“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
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“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
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王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
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十六、年轻的总经理<br />
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一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
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“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
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说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
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“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
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只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
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她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
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“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
<br />
“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
<br />
“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
<br />
“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=155528Report CN EN 032023-06-03T16:44:10Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：5.痴情 */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
<br />
=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情==<br />
<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with Long Hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old, civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies were always covered; whereas in the West, people loved nudity, which seemed to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个一丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there was a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush and painting a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting was not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, had you ever thought that some of us would cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us would stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, would come like snowflakes. You might even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Were you fearless, or seized by a whim? You were out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he was painting.<br />
<br />
他站在一间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着ー支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着一张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stood in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looked disheveled, and his bosom was stained with different colors. His hair was long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there was a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exactly did you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound Train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it was today. The platforms were clean, the corridors were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the southern regions of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North...<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像ー块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and a black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with the excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man -- that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes..."<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me..."<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows--the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"A business trip? Or visiting family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student in Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone..."<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What..."<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break..."<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man."<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. Resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
"So I don't understand art..."<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多少欢聚与悲离的 故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉一线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小伙子,而是一个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
During the long journey, as the young people of the same generation, it was the fate to meet each other in this running train! In life, many stories of reunion and departure were drawn by the heavy line across the land! The girl was close to the small table by the window, resting her chin in the hand, listening to the young man talk, and watching his expression. It seemed that he was not a young guy, but a strong and confident man. Calculating his age, he was even a few years older than the girl. Why did he give that illusion before? Alas, the age of men was really hard to guess...<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为一个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是一个有抱负、有才华的人!”<br />
<br />
Out of the female’s sensitivity, the girl suddenly felt shy and embarrassed. The condescending arrogance that she had just showed was now reversed and replaced by her hazy admiration. The girl looked at the painter's dress again, and the non-matching colors of black and red were not so conspicuous. Although the painter's cotton jacket was still so black, the collar of the underwear was still so crooked, and the hair was still so disheveled, in the eyes of the girl, they all became the evidence that the young man was a bachelor who was immersed in art and had no time to take care of himself, which touched the girl's heart of compassion: "It seems that he is an ambitious and talented man!"<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
The painter took out his drawing board, spread the paper and said to the girl, "Please allow me to make a sketch of you."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
The girl nodded her head.<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简直像一个拙笨的新手。好半天,才抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
The painter drew very slowly, feeling ill at ease. The more he tried to draw well, the more nervous he became, and the brush was out of control. He was like a clumsy novice. After a long time, he apologized and said, "Sorry, I didn’t draw well..."<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来一看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会”了画家的灵犀。<br />
<br />
When the girl took it and looked, two red clouds rose on her cheeks. This sketch was not as good as the one of the mechanic, and those rigid lines were flaws of the work. To say it bluntly, she looked uglier in the painting than she really was. Is that what I look like? The girl had a reason to make a protest. However, she understood and forgave the painter with a sweet smile. Honestly, she didn't even want to see him too calm, too relaxed, like facing the model in the studio. The girl no longer regarded "resemblance in appearance" as so important, and she “understood tacitly” the painter's spirit.<br />
<br />
画纸的一角是签名和年月——袁运生,画于1964年2月。<br />
<br />
In one corner of the paper were the signature and date--Yuan Yunsheng, painted in February 1964.<br />
<br />
画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "Give it to you."<br />
<br />
姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
<br />
The girl said, "Thank you, I’ll keep it as a memory."<br />
<br />
“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信地址?”<br />
<br />
"You see, I was so careless that I forgot to ask your name." The painter said, "Could you write down your mailing address?"<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
<br />
The girl smiled: "My name is Zhang Lanying." And she wrote down the address on the painter's sketchbook.<br />
<br />
火车抵达浦口,他们已经像一对熟识的老朋友了。从一个艺术型的医学院学生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
<br />
When the train arrived in Pukou, they already looked like two old friends. Many common temperaments could be found between an artistic medical student and a serious artist. The passengers on the same train thought they had known each other for a long time and treated them as a couple, saying goodbye to them with the appellation of “you two”.<br />
<br />
画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空一样清澈,像江水一样深沉……<br />
<br />
The painter sent the girl to the shore of the Yangtze River, a wet wind blowing from the river. It was time to part, and both of them were reluctant to leave. Lanying looked at Yuan Yunsheng with the warm and fond gaze, and that means everything! As clear as the sky, as deep as the river...<br />
<br />
呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江交织起来的一见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
Heh! Pretty girl, you were too sentimental. Did you know him? The story of love at first sight, woven by the main Beijing-Pukou line and the winding Yangtze River, was too indiscreet.<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
<br />
The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River<br />
<br />
在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,一只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认真地涂抹着油彩,画出一个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
<br />
In the days of glorious morning light of the 1950s, a young boy's delicate hand, holding a paintbrush, was earnestly spreading the paint on the linen to draw a little girl with the same earnest expression, who was imitating her sister's movement, tying a bright red scarf around her neck.<br />
<br />
这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐一样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
<br />
This oil painting was sent from Nantong in Jiangsu Province to Beijing as an assignment for applying for the highest academy of arts, presenting the young painter’s sparkling artistic talent and a crystal-clear heart. The title was "Growing up to be like my sister", painted by Yuan Yunsheng.<br />
<br />
看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年除夕送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出一批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的艺术功底。<br />
<br />
When looking at this oil painting, people might think that the painter had a soft and gentle femininity. In fact, he was just the opposite. He was stubborn and unrestrained, like a boisterous colt. His love of painting since childhood was mainly influenced by his father. His father worked in a middle school in Nantong. In his spare time, he enthusiastically collected various fine art works. Every year on the New Year’s Eve, they would bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new, and his father would always hang a number of new paintings on the wall, including Chinese and foreign ones, like a small exhibition, full of the atmosphere of the art salon. The paintings collected at home gave Yuan Yunsheng some enlightenment in art. When he got a little bit older, he went to the Cultural Center in Nantong to participate in activities, attend lectures, learn to sketch, and paint, laying the first foundation of art.<br />
<br />
当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来一副犟脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
<br />
When he applied to the Central Academy of Fine Arts, his father said with worry: "The boy was born with stubbornness, which makes us uneasy."<br />
<br />
哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,一个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人 需要有个性。”<br />
<br />
His brother Yuan Yunfu, who was also involved in fine art, kept cheering him on: "Go ahead. people involved in fine art needs to have a personality."<br />
<br />
1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
<br />
In the summer of 1955, the Central Academy of Fine Arts announced the admission of new students, Yuan Yansheng ranking the first.<br />
<br />
如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画派。这是19世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画就像一部小说或一出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝圣者像请佛一样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
<br />
If Yuan Yunsheng's work for the entrance examination could be classified as a certain school of art, it would be the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions. It was a progressive school of painting that emerged in Russia in the 19th century. It simulated life, emphasized themes, and focused on plot. A painting was like a novel or a play. It inherited Rembrandt’s tradition of realism and absorbed the Impressionism’s achievements in the use of light and color. After the October Revolution, it enjoyed the supreme position in the Soviet art circle and was invited to China by Chinese pilgrims, like inviting the Buddha. Of course, Yuan Yunsheng, only 17 years old, did not know the essence of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, let alone that the school of art was linked to the school of politics.<br />
<br />
他像奔跑在艺术山野 里的小鹿,一头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
<br />
Like a fawn running in the wilderness of art, he bumped into the arms of Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions.<br />
<br />
袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身 好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件 和艺术才能的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖力气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严格的训练——<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng was highly regarded by the academy. He was born in a good family (it was rare to have such a family background at that time) and excelled in the examination. He sat in the first-year classroom with a nimbus of political condition and artistic talent hanging over his head. He was elected as the commissary of Communist Youth League in charge of organization, who was totally the epitome of a socialist-minded and professionally competent man. He was also a real hard worker, and was very stubborn, taking everything seriously. Under the guidance of Soviet-style teaching methods, he received strict training--<br />
<br />
挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与被画者保持绝对的耐性 。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面”,画上一整天,只画了半个头像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履的中年人走过来,这是礼聘 来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供同学们观摩。<br />
<br />
Choosing a HB pencil, and sharpening it, and sketching in front of male and female models. The models were recruited at a very high price, both nude and non-nude. Under certain lights, the painter and the object stayed absolutely patient. He sketched out the outline at first, figured out the “light and plane”, and then drew all day long, only to have half picture of the head; the next day, the same scene was repeated under the same conditions; then, a middle-aged man with a high nose and deep eyes, dressed in a suit, came over, who was an expert invited cordially. Whenever he passed behind Yuan Yunsheng, his face often showed a look of satisfaction. Yuan Yunsheng got five points for all his sketches and oil paintings, which were sometimes hung in the classroom or in the corridor for students to watch.<br />
<br />
这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉柯夫教学体系。袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀——苏联在中国土地上开办的艺术工厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
<br />
That year, a sketch and oil painting teaching conference of national fine art academies was held in Beijing to promote the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union. A half-length portrait of a Chinese woman painted by Yuan Yunsheng was shown off on the conference--a standard mode produced by the art factory of the Soviet Union in China.<br />
<br />
苏联专家的宠儿 ,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
<br />
He was the favorite of the Soviet experts, and the pride of the Oil Painting Department. He had a lot of success and a bright future. He immersed himself in the painting all day long, with his hand keeping waving, like a devout disciple prostrating himself before his art idol, and praying that his soul would ascend to the temple of art, seating on a throne surrounded by roses with a crown of pearls… It was the highest ideal for college students majoring in oil painting at that time.<br />
<br />
但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
<br />
But the naive faith was not solid, like an edifice built on a thin and narrow foundation, which could easily collapse. Once it was subverted, it could cause endless troubles.<br />
<br />
苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便朝那里走去。他停在一帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来一阵电灼般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
<br />
Distress had come to him, and he brought it upon himself. One morning, he heard that there was an exhibition of paintings being held in the hall, and went there. He stopped in front of a sequence of copies of the oil paintings, casting a calm glance upon it, and his whole body felt an electric sensation. His heart was shaking, and his blood was boiling.<br />
<br />
这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风 的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的感情,像酒一样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
<br />
These were the works of the European Post-Impressionist painter Van Gogh, with ordinary and simple images: fields, haystacks, a clock reflected by the setting sun, and sunflowers in clay pots. In addition, there were some portraits of ordinary people: postmen, miners, movers, and inmates who were released for yard time. In these unpretentious pictures, the author poured out the strongest feelings, as strong as wine, like a flame burning!<br />
<br />
看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格 。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生——向日葵,仿佛摇身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探求……这哪里是绘画呀,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每一线条和每一色块都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
<br />
Look, the jagged trees were rebellious. The undulating earth seemed to tell of suffering. The painter poured deep feelings into those ordinary people. The still-life painting--sunflowers, seemed to turn into a living thing, stretching out its jumble of tentacles to the frozen space, capturing, swaying, and indefatigably seeking... It was not a painting, but a call of the painter's life, a representation of his character! Every line and every color block were flowing, coming through invisible channels to clamp people, annihilate them to a great vortex of emotion...<br />
<br />
袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被一支锐利的艺术之箭射穿了。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng walked out of the hall, with his legs wobbling, as if he was drunk, was hurt. His heart was pierced by a sharp arrow of art.<br />
<br />
他回到宿舍,一头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高才生转瞬间变成西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
<br />
He went back to the dormitory and threw himself onto the bed. It was ironic that a top student of the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union became a captive of the Western European Post-Impressionism in an instant.<br />
<br />
宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地问:“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
<br />
When the door of the dormitory opened, his roommate came in. Seeing him pale and tired, he asked in surprise, "Yunsheng, what happened to you?"<br />
<br />
“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
<br />
"I went to see an exhibition of Van Gogh's paintings." Yuan Yunsheng sat up in bed and said, "I've never been so excited by the works of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions..."<br />
<br />
他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的基础。有这个就够了。下一步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚 。<br />
<br />
He expressed his thoughts. In his opinion, the merit of Soviet painting theory lied in the emphasis on placing the object under certain light, observing the levels and hues with a subtle look, and tracing it carefully, which was the basis of all paintings. It was enough. The next step was to break free and move forward, not to limit themselves.<br />
<br />
他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧上了天 ,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在干着什么蠢事呀? ……<br />
<br />
He was right. Throughout the history of art, each school had its own process of formation, development, vicissitudes, and ups and downs. The Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions deserved its place in the art circle without dispute. But once it was praised to the skies, and promoted by administrative means, it would be counterproductive and bring suffocating disaster to the art. In fact, in the 1950s, painters all over the world, including Soviet painters, were running, exploring and innovating. And how stupid we were! ...<br />
<br />
袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng said excitedly: "We follow behind them and pick up what they have thrown away!"<br />
<br />
好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,一个几亿人的社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎。<br />
<br />
His good friends were familiar with his character and sympathized with his comments, but they worried about him. At that time, a society of hundreds of millions of people prostrated itself before Soviet idols, and his words were tantamount to a form of blasphemy.<br />
<br />
从那以后,他变得不大安分 了, 一头温驯的伏尔加式的小鹿,现出烈性马驹的本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标。<br />
<br />
From then on, he became rebel. A tame fawn, like the one on the Volga car, showed the true colors of a boisterous colt. In addition to completing the homework as usual, he improvised with mixed painting techniques, as if he was pursuing an ethereal goal.<br />
<br />
目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
<br />
The goal was finally found, unexpectedly close at hand.<br />
<br />
从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭一张学生证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹…… <br />
<br />
From the Shuaifuyuan where the Central Academy of Fine Arts was located, crossing the big roundabout between Wangfujing and Bamiancao, the Donghua Gate of the National Palace Museum was about a mile away. At that time, students from the Academy of Fine Arts enjoyed a special privilege. They could freely enter the imperial garden of ancient Chinese art with only a student ID card. Here he saw Chen Laolian’s “Bogu Yezi (A kind of card played while drinking in ancient China)” in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan’s “Qingming Shanghe Tu (Along the River During the Qingming Festival)” in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a large number of authentic works of famous painters of the Tang Dynasty…<br />
<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
<br />
His favorite work was the "Luo Shen Fu (The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River)" by Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.<br />
<br />
长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象力!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人,栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱翔……<br />
<br />
Long scroll, romantic conception, how imaginative! The landscape was peaceful and spacious, with quiet and wonderful rivers and mountains; the figures were lifelike, dancing in the air. Was the resemblance in appearance? Was the resemblance in spirit? Between likeness and unlikeness, that was the author's mind soaring…<br />
<br />
他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条表现出高超的魅力。<br />
<br />
He put his eyes close to the scroll. The brush strokes, appearing ageless for thousands of years, like the spring silkworms spinning fine and exquisite silk, drew freely. He thought of the Soviet oil painting theory that denied the existence of lines. But in Chinese painting, the general and terse lines showed the high charm.<br />
<br />
站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他的思绪如抛出的一缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
<br />
Standing in this ancient resplendent hall, a long flowing river of art swept passed by before his eyes, and his thoughts stretched out like a wisp of gossamer. If we compared the fashionable Western art and the ancient Oriental art to two poles, there seemed to be something between the two poles that was closely related. Oh, he understood. When we got into a mut, ignored what was near and seek what was far away, those elves and devils of abstractionism, fauvism, modernism and futurism quietly got essence and extracted nutrients from the Oriental art to strengthen their bodies. That was the secret.<br />
<br />
祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
<br />
Motherland, your art is not water, not wine, not milk, but the magical royal jelly!<br />
<br />
虎丘<br />
<br />
Huqiu<br />
<br />
兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
<br />
After parting with the painter in Pukou, Lanying returned to school in Suzhou. In the blink of an eye, it was March. With spring breeze and newly sprouted willow trees, the town of flowing water under bridges liked a young girl, who was unveiled, affectionate with a lot of charm. <br />
<br />
姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
<br />
The girl's state of mind was also bright like waking spring.<br />
<br />
她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认识一下,如果手头有照片,请寄来一张。<br />
<br />
She received the painter’s letter from Nantong. The style of writing was free and easy. In the girl’s words: "The level is quite high!" The letter recalled the unforgettable scene on the train and expressed his feelings of missing her. He also said that his parents and brothers would like to get to know the girl, and if she had photos, please sent one.<br />
<br />
兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选一张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息一样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
<br />
Lanying opened the photo album without hesitation, selected a small photo, attached a short reply, and sent it to Nantong. This small act contained an unusual meaning, just like the shortest electromagnetic microwave can transmit significant information, it clearly expressed: the girl agreed to be his girlfriend.<br />
<br />
兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
<br />
Lanying's upbringing conditioned her to making her own decisions. She was born in Shandong province and grew up in the regions south of the Yangtze River. After her parents died, she moved with the troops from childhood. Wherever she went, it was her home, and she developed the ability to live independently. Over the years, she always received the warmth from the group and her female companions, but was never constrained. Perhaps she was a bit spoiled and coaxed by others, which made her form a stubborn personality.<br />
<br />
此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,一见钟情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
<br />
At the moment, she had a novel feeling that she was happier than the people around her. Because she had a right man in her heart, who affected her emotions. She silently enjoyed the secret pleasure of the young girl in love for the first time. She even imagined that once the secret was revealed, how surprised and envious her female companions would be! In their minds, her vison was very high. She was great looking and came from a privileged background. No male classmates dared to develop a relationship with her. It was not easy to take her fancy. It was done so artfully, neither by her parents’ choice, nor by the match-maker’s recommendation. She met him on a trip, and fell in love at first sight, bringing everything lime a whirlwind, so that the girl was full of desire for a better life. It was really romantic! So, she wove the future scenarios with sweet silk, anxiously waiting for the response from Nantong. Did he receive her letter? Would the painter's parents comment her when looking at her photo? Was she too pretty, or not enough? Alas! It was really hard to guess… The girl's heart was like the weather in the south of the Yangtze River in March. The temperature and weather changed abruptly.<br />
<br />
学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
<br />
The school was preparing for the Women's Day celebration. Lanying was the commissary in charge of entertainment of the class, a major role that bore a heavy burden of responsibility. The time passed quickly as she arranged the programs, made a blackboard newspaper, and decorated the venue.<br />
<br />
“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄起话筒,一惊一喜——那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
<br />
On Woman’s Day, the curtain was opened, and everyone was watching the stage. Suddenly someone called Lanying to answer the phone. She took up the microphone, and was surprised and delighted -- it was the painter calling from the school's reception office.<br />
<br />
兰英极力掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,一阵风似的跑到学校的门口。<br />
<br />
Lanying tried to hide his excitement, turned to the students, vaguely explained a few words, and ran to the school gate like a gust of wind.<br />
<br />
画家站在那里,手中照例拿着一个速写本。<br />
<br />
The painter stood there, holding a sketchbook in his hand as usual.<br />
<br />
“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I just got off the train. I was passing through here after the home leave." The painter said.<br />
<br />
“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
<br />
"Please come in, do you … want to draw some sketches for our celebration?"<br />
<br />
“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……” <br />
<br />
"Not going in. I'd like to invite you out for a walk…"<br />
<br />
兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意味着向人生的一个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
<br />
Lanying hesitated for a moment. She was willing to accept the request, but also felt embarrassed. Since she entered the period of youth and became mature, Lanying spent this day with her female companions every year. Today she was going to leave her group, which meant saying goodbye to a stage of life. She thought about the discipline of the school, the opinion of classmates...<br />
<br />
“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
<br />
"Where are we going?" Lanying asked shyly.<br />
<br />
“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
<br />
"Huqiu." The painter's expression did not change.<br />
<br />
当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
<br />
When they got off the bus and stood at the foot of Huqiu Hill, the girl's uneasy heart was quieted down and relaxed. <br />
<br />
和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深”。沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
<br />
Compared with the small gardens in Suzhou City, Huqiu was a broad and quiet place to visit. The first two lines of Bai Juyi's poem on Huqiu were " The temple doesn't look far away, but it's very deep in the garden.” Walking along the stone path to the garden, there were many pines and cypresses, clear and blue sword pool, thick and tall groves of bamboo hiding the buildings and pavilions on the hillside: Temple of Chloris, Three Smiles pavilion... Walking deeper and there was more quiet, like walking into a sweet dream.<br />
<br />
这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在一起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
<br />
It was the first time Lanying had been alone with a man. There were mysterious waves in the girl’s heart. She felt that she had a lot to say to the painter, but she didn't know where to start.<br />
<br />
“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
<br />
"Have you received the photo?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I received. My family saw it and they all like you." The painter said.<br />
<br />
可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术。他对这一带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而倾倒。<br />
<br />
But the painter soon changed the subject. He commented on the local customs and culture of Suzhou and introduced the plastic art of the regions south of the Yangtze River. He seemed to be familiar with the area and knew a lot of anecdotes. The girl listened to him with great interest and was overwhelmed with admiration by the painter's profound knowledge.<br />
<br />
前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去 ,仿佛在祝福这一对美好的情侣。突然,一股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
<br />
Huqiu Pagoda was just ahead. The towering spire thrust into the blue sky and white clouds, magnificent and magical. Lanying and the painter ran towards the top of the hill with excitement. The painter stretched out his strong arm to support the girl. They were so close to each other, feeling the heat of each other's breath and heart beating. Pines, cypresses, and bamboo forests swayed backwards, as if they were blessing the wonderful couple. Suddenly, with a blazing feeling, they both stopped at the same time.<br />
<br />
这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰一样醉红,双唇像微微绽开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己一样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后一瞬……<br />
<br />
Here was surrounded by hills and trees, empty and silent. The painter stared at the girl with a frank and honest look; Lanying closed her eyes happily, ready to receive a baptism of love that would never be forgotten. The golden sunlight, through the branches of the trees, cast waving shadows on the girl’s face. Her cheeks were as red as roses, and her lips were like slightly blooming petals, more beautiful than usual. What a pure girl. Opening the window of her heart, there wasn’t any trace of dust and impurities. Although it was her second meeting with the painter, she trusted him and life as she trusted herself. Hold her tight, kiss her with fervor. She would be yours forever, from now until the last moment of your life…<br />
<br />
“兰英,我要告诉你一件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是‘右派’！”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I’ll tell you something." What she heard at this moment was the painter’s calm voice, “The first time was too late and the second time is not too late. I was classed as a 'rightist' when I was in college. Really, it was the 'rightist'!”<br />
<br />
霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
<br />
All of a sudden, the hills and trees, the ancient pagoda, were frozen in a deathly silence…<br />
<br />
孤岛上<br />
On a Lonely Island<br />
<br />
到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。1957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
<br />
Have you ever been to an island of the sea? The water and sky seemed to be mixed up together. The clouds came and went, and tide rose and fell. The island was a poem, a fresh and meaningful poem. At the turn of spring and summer in 1957, Yuan Yunsheng was in a poetic environment.<br />
<br />
他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
<br />
He went deep into the life on the island and practice drawing from nature. The Central Academy of Fine Arts required that second-year students had a two-month internship course; before the summer vacation, students went to different parts of the country. He and another student were the only ones who participated in the trip to the island. It was located on the shore of the Yellow Sea. There were only troops on the island, and no residents for miles around. The island provided him with a fortunate environment, getting away from the noise and disputes of the human world, and escaping the violent turmoil that happened in the mainland.<br />
<br />
小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体 ,心情是焦渴的。当蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
<br />
People on the island were closest to nature. Every morning, carrying the paint box on his back, he wandered on the beach covered with light yellow gravel and welcomed the first ray of happy sunshine. At the age of only eighteen, Yuan Yunsheng had already stood out from the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions and became a hazy composite of Chinese Classicism Painting and Western Modernism Painting, who was anxious. The blue sea sprinkled ten thousand golden stars and the sunglow filled his heart with brilliant colors. It was the moment when the young artist's life was burning. He hurriedly opened the paint box, spread the canvas and accepted the generous offer of nature.<br />
<br />
小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左右,才有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
<br />
The island was simple. Politics was proportional to the population, and there were less political topics here. Only a barge arrived to deliver newspapers and mail every ten days or so. While he and his companion were eating, they hastily opened the newspapers and skim through them. He was curious about the articles that appeared in the newspaper:<br />
<br />
“北京在鸣放 了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好啦……”<br />
<br />
"Beijing is allowing the people to express the views now. This article is interesting. This opinion should be adopted. Changing it like this will be good…"<br />
<br />
他看完报纸一扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块和线条的运用。<br />
<br />
He threw the newspaper away after reading it and then forgot about it. He did not care about anything else except painting. His road of life was bright, full of sunshine, with no clouds hanging over him and nothing to worry about. All he cared about was the use of light, color blocks and lines.<br />
<br />
年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队的宣传干事带到一间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
<br />
The only political question the young artist faced was raised by the local soldiers. One day, he was taken to a humble shed by a publicity officer of the troops, and a pair of trusting eyes were cast upon him.<br />
<br />
“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, you have asked to go to another island to paint, right?"<br />
<br />
“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
<br />
"Yes, we want to go there."<br />
<br />
“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
<br />
"The troops have studied it. You can go, but your classmate stays."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查 。你们学校填写了两份材料,你的情况单纯 。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
<br />
"A permanent military project is being built on the island. Those who go there have to pass a political vetting. Your college filled out two documents, and your background is simple. Your classmate can't go, mainly because of family problems…"<br />
<br />
袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是一种荣幸,既然生活当中存在这样一些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng frowned. It was an honor to be invited alone. Since there were such rules in life, he went to there alone and no one could blame it. But it brought him more trouble than excitement. He knew his classmates. They were all members of the Communist Youth League and were the backbone of the students. Why should they be distinguished? With his artistic way of thinking, he decided that it was a proposition of conscience and friendship.<br />
<br />
“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
<br />
"Hey, I got it." He went back to the dorm and said to his companion, "The island is building fortifications, drilling and blasting, filled with smoke. There is nothing to paint. We've been out for a long time, let's just go back to the college!"<br />
<br />
不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大 登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活见鬼 !中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
<br />
Soon, he and his classmate crossed the sea and landed at Lvda City. The cool sea breeze blew against the beautiful city, arousing the interest of sightseeing. They wandered the streets. The scenery was charming, the buildings were quirky and everywhere was full of Russian atmosphere. When Yuan looked up at the signposts, which wrote the street names like “Makarov”, he complained: "Damn it! Why does the street of Chinese city have to be named after a Russian general? What a bummer…" A few days later, they stood in the blue harbor, casting a last glance at the ocean waves, and turned around to set foot on the way back.<br />
<br />
不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
<br />
He didn’t expect that it was a farewell to the blue life.<br />
<br />
北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷 ,使海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头 ,有碍“百花齐放”。袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
<br />
Beijing had changed. Returning from the island, he was amazed by the swift counterattack, the overwhelming criticism, and the petals scattered on the ground in the campus. What puzzled him most was the situation of Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the academy. He heard that the secretary of the Party Committee made a mistake because he advocated the revolutionary school of painting too far, which hindered "all flowers blooming together". Yuan Yunsheng really didn’t understand what the “revolutionary school of painting” had to do with the “rightist”.<br />
<br />
袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? 一连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng hid in the dormitory, immersing himself in gathering up his sketches. Perhaps, he was safe. He advocated inheriting ancient Chinese art and drawing on western modern art, which should be conducive to the "blooming of a hundred flowers". How could he not be safe. For several days, he chased the white clouds, waves and seagulls, lost in the memories of his trip to the sea…<br />
<br />
有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像一个漏了税的走私犯接受审讯。<br />
<br />
One day, he was suddenly called to the classroom and stood in front of the people, like a smuggler being tried for tax evasion.<br />
<br />
摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名——“反苏” 。 <br />
<br />
He was faced with a host of problems: deviant views in art, sympathetic remarks to the "rightist", "poisoning" on the island and in Lvda, and a terrible accusation throughout it -- "anti-Soviet".<br />
<br />
究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐 ,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
<br />
The answer to who denounced him could be found by using elementary mathematics, but it was meaningless. Since he had thought so, and said, he said bluntly to anyone, with an honest heart.<br />
<br />
他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他一挥手:“请你到外面等一会儿。”<br />
<br />
He racked his brain to repeat what he had said, and the presenter waved to him: "Please wait outside for a moment."<br />
<br />
他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听见屋里在争论。<br />
<br />
He left the classroom and stood in the corridor, feeling relieved and comfortable. The corridor was only one door away from the classroom, and he heard an argument in the room.<br />
<br />
有人说:“够了……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "That's enough…”<br />
<br />
有人说:“还不够……”<br />
<br />
Someone said: "Not enough...”<br />
<br />
有人说:“态度还好……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "The attitude is not bad…"<br />
<br />
他的好友在替他争辩,另一些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
<br />
His best friends were arguing for him, and others were insisting on something, which sounded interesting. Then there was silence… Then, he was called back to the classroom.<br />
<br />
“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, after research, you've been classified as a 'rightist'!"<br />
<br />
政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色——红与黑。点朱泼墨,二者居其一,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不同,观点对立,照样用黑笔一勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
<br />
The oil painting box of the political movement had only two colors--red and black, which was different from the oil painting box of the artist. The only way to choose between cinnabar and ink was to rely on fortune-telling. He and Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, were of different ages, different background colors, and opposing views, but they were both outlined by black brushs with the same destination and the painting procedures were highly simplified.<br />
<br />
晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
<br />
In the evening, he rode the bike to Baijiazhuang, where his brother Yuan Yunfu lived. He rocked back in the sofa: "I am."<br />
<br />
哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
<br />
His brother smiled and asked, "What are you?"<br />
<br />
“我是’右派’了。”<br />
<br />
"I'm a 'rightist' now."<br />
<br />
“呵?”哥哥大吃一惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
<br />
"Huh?" His brother was astonished, "What mistake did you make?"<br />
<br />
“我没犯错误。”<br />
<br />
"I didn't make a mistake."<br />
<br />
“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
<br />
"Then why are you classified as a 'rightist'?"<br />
<br />
“他们说我是,就是啰 。”<br />
<br />
"They said I am. So I am."<br />
<br />
“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
<br />
"No! No!" His brother was trembling.<br />
<br />
“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
<br />
"What’s wrong with that?" He said evenly, "I still paint, still go to school, still engage in arts."<br />
<br />
他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山造湖,兴修水库,一颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地指挥部,请求一边干活一边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人来访。<br />
<br />
He really did not know pain yet. Soon after, hundreds of thousands of people in the capital swarmed to the out to the suburbs to move mountains and create lakes and build reservoirs in the gorge of the Ming Tombs, and a naive heart was touched. He thought how good it would be to see so many people working together to do one thing. He took his oil painting box and rode more than one hundred miles by bike to the construction headquarters, asking to be able to work and spent the spare time painting. They refused, explaining that according to the regulations, they would not accept personal visits.<br />
<br />
又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他一个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
<br />
Shortly afterwards, he went into the construction site by bus with a large group of people from the Central Academy of Fine Arts. How excited he was! He did as much work alone as several men together, carrying six baskets for holding earth on one pole, and running fast on the rugged mountain road. At noon, when others took a nap, he held his painting clipboard and went to the mountain to paint under the scorching sun. Until he was exhausted and staggered back to the shed, he still didn’t feel bitter. Because it was her own choice. He was motivated by the boiling life and generously gave his energy, feeling that it was a great pleasure.<br />
<br />
可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成呵斥的嗓门,一张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了——仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
<br />
But the atmosphere in the shed had changed. The students gathered around him, pointing at him, and saying that he was disobedient, did not accept reform, and should not paint any more… He was stunned. He didn’t know that it was a criticism meeting, and he didn’t understand what they said. He only felt that familiar eyes became harsh eyes, intimate expressions became indifferent expressions, and peaceful voices became scolding voices. Their mouths were moving, and hands were shaking. Suddenly he understood--just one thing: he was different from others!<br />
<br />
他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
<br />
He opened his bloodshot eyes wide, wriggled his dry lips, and fell down with his hands on his head.<br />
<br />
过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
<br />
Because of overwork and mental simulation, he contracted serious dysentery. The illness dragged on from summer to winter, and later he was sent to an unheated hut at college.<br />
<br />
小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活 ,学校当局不再放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他才感到了痛苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出一串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
<br />
The hut was cold and damp, where dripping water could freeze. His body was hot with a high fever. College authorities no longer concerned about his condition. A year ago, he was the pride of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, who became an abandoned orphan now. He felt the pain, the pain of being strangled in art, exceeding the physical pain, like being pushed into a terrible hell. No! In the spiritual realm of art, there was only heaven, not hell. He was forced to learn to be inferior, but he could never learn it. In a coma, cluttered thoughts were flashing, as if he was flying after the seagulls, and dancing with the Goddess of the Luo River. He tossed and turned and struggled, with a series of moans, as if not willing to sink, but to climb out of the dark hell…<br />
<br />
屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
<br />
A faint white light came through the door and he heard the sound of footsteps. Looking there attentively, he found that his friend stood in front of the bed, casting sympathetic and concerned eyes at him.<br />
<br />
他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是一种负担。我需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
<br />
He sat up quickly: "Please don't come to see me again. I understand that it is a burden for others to be close to me. I need friendship, but not pity. What I need now is solitude, solitude, let me be alone!"<br />
<br />
新月<br />
<br />
The Crescent Moon<br />
<br />
夕阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野 闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对青年男女。<br />
<br />
The setting sun cast a golden glow on Huqiu and fell on the other side of the hill. The clear and quiet lights shimmered on the hill, which was connected to the transparent dusk, reflecting the stately profile of the millennium pagoda, like a contemplative old man overlooking a young couple in the hill.<br />
<br />
这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们一页一页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像一阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只残忍的巨手一挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择 。<br />
<br />
This moment was long enough for Lanying. There were tragedies and comedies in love stories that had been passed down through the ages, attracting people to read them page by page. However, the second page of Lanying's story was unbearable. The tender feelings of a girl who was in her first love: happiness, novelty, joy… For an instant they vanished like a gust of wind, as if with the wave of a cruel hand, everything sank, everything disappeared, and a problem was put before the girl, severe, cold, and emotionless, turning the sweet assignment into a cold choice of stakes.<br />
<br />
在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的一群 ,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以“杀气腾腾”“煽风点火 ”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁愿与鬼蜮联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
<br />
In those years, in this land, as long as people mentioned the "rightist", a bunch of greys flashed before their eyes, like shadows, like ghosts, as if they killed a man, commit arson, or poison something. It seemed that they were all charged with “murder”, “fanning the flames”, “drug trafficking” and so on. Their souls were sentenced to death, leaving only soulless shells of bodies. The shell, could breathe but could not speak, and must work but could not harvest. The only tolerance that society gave them was to give them more time than convicts sentenced to death, turning their shells into mud. Who would want to be married to a ghost? Who wanted to be with a zombie? Lanying faced such a choice.<br />
<br />
在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每一个姑娘都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵——询问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,工资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称一称。爱情的内容转变了,转变为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义 。<br />
<br />
In an environment where marriage and politics were tied together, every girl had to make considerations, either to enjoy honor, or to have misfortunes with her husband. <br />
Under the same dusk, how many girls in the world were considering it -- asking the man’s family background, political affiliation, education background, job, salary, rank… asking his direct value and everything indirectly translated into value, and then weighing them on the balance of love. The content of love had been transformed into the process of exchange of commodities, which gradually became common and natural.<br />
<br />
兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算 。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
<br />
Lanying had more rights to make her own decisions. She was receiving higher education. She would be a nurse in the future, whose had blood of martyrs in her veins. The organization was considering her to join the Communist Party of China. She was as proud as a daughter of an eminent family, as beautiful as Snow White… Every intersection of life would provide the green light for her. with sons from aristocratic families for her to choose and high position and great wealth to enjoy. But life seemed to play ticks on her. It was the black devil who came to her side, not the angel of love. It was not late to break off the relationship with him at once, and there was no obligation on conscience and morality.<br />
<br />
兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越 ,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气 。因此,她还不懂得利害。<br />
<br />
Lanying lost in painful thought. She was in a privileged situation and had pure experiences, remaining unspotted from the world. Therefore, she did not understand the stakes.<br />
<br />
政治运动对姑娘来说,像一场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些“右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她还时常听到这样的告诫:有才华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不断得到强化。<br />
<br />
The political movement was like a vague dream for the girl. In 1957, she was an innocent girl studying in middle school. She took part in the denunciation, with her mouth, with her pen, with her outraged feeling. The war was over before she could see the enemies clearly. She only saw the backs of the prisoners. Later, when the girl was a little older, whenever she heard that someone was a "rightist", she could not help but look at him with curiosity. She saw that most of the "rightists" were scholars, professors, artists, writers, business backbone , celebrities and so on. She also often heard the admonition: talented people often had strong personalities; people with strong personalities often suffered setbacks. The direct and converse theorem of real life had been repeated in various tones, and the girl’s impression of it was constantly reinforced.<br />
<br />
抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的嘲讽。<br />
<br />
The abstract concept of friend or foe formed a concrete conclusion in the girl's mind, which was a sad mockery of the solemn political movement.<br />
<br />
眼前的画家又是一个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离经叛道的歧路 ,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为政治问题?为什么要让一个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的才华……什么是才华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下一颗蓝色的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
<br />
The painter before her was another example. Because the painter opposed the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, he was declared to be on an unorthodox and evil path and was sentenced to death in politics. The girl could not understand why the issue of art had to be turned into a political issue? Why should a Chinese hot-blooded young man be sacrificed to a foreign altar as a lamb to be slaughtered? Wasn't it ludicrous? Such a ludicrous thing actually happened. Perhaps, it further proved that the painter was not a meek lamb, but a fearful calf, attracting jealousy from others. It further proved the painter’s courage and insight, indomitable nature and precious talent… What was talent? For the simplehearted girl, it was the light of life, the garland of youth, the transcendence of ignorance, the sublimation of knowledge. It made money and wealth eclipsed, made gain, lose, fame and bad reputation ruin and loss become a passing cloud, like a bright horizon that divided the clear sky and turbid earth. Foolish girls liked to adorn themselves with jewels, but noble girls were full of spiritual aspirations. She was willing to pick a blue star and set it on the heart of love... Lanying broke the silence and said to the painter in a deep voice: "Don't mention those things of your past to me again. I don't think you've made a mistake…"<br />
<br />
画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子 ,也是有限的宽恕,一切还同过去一样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "But everyone else thinks so. Even if they took the hat off, the forgiveness would be limited, and everything would be the same as before. You can't associate with people like me. You must consider the consequences."<br />
<br />
“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
<br />
"I don't care about the consequences. No matter what other people think, I trust my instincts."<br />
<br />
“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are your instincts?"<br />
<br />
“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
<br />
"My instinct is that you are talented!"<br />
<br />
这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激动的光辉:“世上有才华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
<br />
It was the highest praise for an "enemy of society”. Her tone showed a significant preference, which should bring enough relief to the painter. But the painter stood there with a stoney expression. The radiance of excitement in his gaze was worn away: "There are many talented people in the world, including glorious victors and miserable losers. Why do you prefer me? You’ll regret it in the future…"<br />
<br />
难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把才华糟蹋得像一块抹布的年月里,这句话,他不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子无才便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,才华再也不是令知识分子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
<br />
No wonder the painter reacted indifferently. It was not the first time he had heard the phrase in the years when his talent was ruined like a rag. Anyone could give it to him. Beneath the hypocritical compliment was a deliberate mockery. "A woman without talent is virtuous", now also applied to men. Even if he was trampled underfoot, mercilessly flogged, covering with cuts and bruises, they could pat him on the shoulder and told him to get up and go to work. At that time, talent was no longer a flower that made intellectuals have smug feelings, but a bitter medicine that touched their feelings of sorrow.<br />
<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
<br />
Lanying’s and the painter's eyes met. The painter's eyes, probing and frank, with a deep flame of self-esteem and some expectations, shot all the way to the girl's heart. Lanying could not resist this stare that could penetrate through everything, and her heart was shivering…<br />
<br />
兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费力气地获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被搞得阴阳颠倒！一时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到一颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙一样晶莹闪烁。<br />
<br />
Lanying suddenly remembered that it was her second meeting with the painter, in this quiet mountain forest, a secluded valley far away from the city. Wasn't today Women's Day? Ordinarily, he could easily win the girl’s heart with his gentleness and gallantry. However, he brought frustration, which couldn’t wait to broke the girl's calm. He said the truth, revealed the hidden pain, casting ominous clouds. He knew that it could cause irreversible consequences, but insisted on doing it. What exactly was it for? How upright and poised he was! Why was such a person said to be a terrible devil? The vanished soul? Life was so unfair! Honesty for disaster, cunning for glory, how much right and wrong in the world had been turned upside down! For a moment, Lanying felt that the ravine, valley and river in front of her had been filled in. Through the evening mist, she saw a sincere heart, glittering and shining like agates.<br />
<br />
兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
<br />
Lanying said excitedly, "I decided."<br />
<br />
画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "You love me?"<br />
<br />
“喜欢。”<br />
<br />
"Yes."<br />
<br />
“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
<br />
"What do I have to be loved?"<br />
<br />
“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
<br />
"Because you are honest, and love needs honesty."<br />
<br />
画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝 里滚动。<br />
<br />
The painter's whole body shocked, and he threw himself on the girl and buried his head in her arms. In one moment, the strong man turned into a child that curled up, with tears welling up in his eyes.<br />
<br />
一弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
<br />
A crescent moon rose. The ancient pagoda was solemn, and the bamboo forest whispered. The bright silver light shined on the girl, who was like a silver statue of goddess.<br />
<br />
画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
<br />
The painter was like embracing a treasure that he never wanted to lose. For many years, he lived and behaved with integrity, and infatuated with art. But no one had ever given such an evaluation on him. Today, the girl judged his conscience, filling his lonely heart with light. He was satisfied and relieved, feeling that he got the greatest reward for the hardship he had suffered for years…<br />
<br />
双桥<br />
<br />
Shuangqiao<br />
<br />
当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢——充当囚犯, 颠沛流离 ,饱尝辛酸……<br />
<br />
Contemporary artists have great passion to pursue their own artistic styles, and those who had suffered misfortune had unique styles that could not be replaced by others. Who wants to repeat their experience--to be a prisoner, to wander, to endure all kinds of hardships…<br />
<br />
翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
<br />
Open Repin’s collection, and look at ''Barge Haulers on the Volga''.<br />
<br />
我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石磙,弓着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下一闪一闪。<br />
<br />
There is a picture similar to ''Barge Haulers on the Volga'' before us, a living picture. The sun was hot, and the air was burning. On the golden wheat field, a young man pulled a stone roller with the posture of the barge hauler on the Volga. He bowed, head down, with a rope trip on his shoulder, hands almost down to the ground. Sweat was running down his bare back, glowing and winking in the sun.<br />
<br />
这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是最年轻的一个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石磙,一拉就是一天。<br />
<br />
This was Shuangqiao Farm in Beijing, one of the earliest state farms, which was famous for its mechanized production. But the artists from the Central Academy of Fine Arts did the work like animal labor. Yuan Yunsheng was the youngest among more than twenty people, who volunteered to do the heaviest work. He pulled the stone roller on the wheat field all day.<br />
<br />
二十几个人住在一间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。几年前,在他们头顶上发生的 那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成为一门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向两极。<br />
<br />
More than twenty people lived in a large room, with shabby windows and doors, and flies and mosquitoes flying freely in and out. There were two rows of wide beds for a number of people and tables made of wooden boards in the room. The dean, professors, teaching assistants and students were equally treated here. The explosion that happened above their heads a few years ago caused different reactions in each of them. Some were silent, some were endlessly repentant, some were calm, and some were trembling, just as the mechanics of the explosion developed into a unique craft, capable of both destruction and construction, making their spiritual models distinctly polarized.<br />
<br />
袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头一个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,一头畜力转眼间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng returned to the room from the wheat field, his first action was to fall on the drawing board by the bed. The animal became an artist with glittering eyes at once, just like the miracle of a magic show by a magician. With the drawing board under his arm, he looked for prey everywhere. He was the master of everything in the territory of visual image.<br />
<br />
他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着他。试问 ,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展示了情景交融的空间——略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
<br />
He doggedly innovated, of his own accord and under duress. He had to reform through labor, and made art at the same time, who needed to adapt to the new environment because he could not leisurely portray objects like oil painters. Applying the achievements of line modeling in Chinese painting to Western oil painting, which was a hazy pursuit before, now became a bright flame that attracted him strongly. Who had ever seen the existence of "line" in life? And he saw it. He observed the layers of light, analyzed the light and plane of the object, trying to grasp the moment when a plane met another plane. The changing, transitional, and wonderful division showed clear lines on the retina, which commanded the hand and pen through the processing of the brain, the exaggeration of emphasis and the appropriate deformation, drawing firm or soft lines on the sketch, as simple as Chinese paintings, as precise as Western paintings, like a Peking Opera artist on an empty stage, showing the space that feelings mingled with scenes with his nuanced hand movements, expression of eyes and body motions--a remarkable painting language that was slight but not empty, with real in its emptiness.<br />
<br />
他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
<br />
He figured it out. Since his paintings would never be cared again, let alone exhibited, he could let his pen draw freely. During the days in the farm, he made more than two thousand sketches with pens, brushes and pencils, far more than the number of assignments for students in fine art colleges. With heavy work and strong foundation, he went toward his goal. A large pile of sketches on his bedside was the accumulation of his faith and the ocean of spirit.<br />
<br />
住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
<br />
Among the people living in the same room, there was a stern elder who often watched the young painter's behaviors. He was Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy. Jiang Feng's gaze was astonished. He didn’t know his student before, but now he was touched by Yuan Yunsheng's enthusiasm for hard work and advancement.<br />
<br />
“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去！”<br />
<br />
"I really don't understand why the student like you should be labeled as a 'rightist'?" Jiang Feng said to Yuan Yunsheng, "Draw it. As long as you think it's right, you can draw it according to your will!"<br />
<br />
这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
<br />
It was the direct teaching Yuan Yunsheng heard from the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, not in the grand academy, but in the hard adversity. This teaching impressed him forever.<br />
<br />
一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
<br />
One day, people living in the same room held a review meeting. Some of them confessed as usual, but Jiang Feng declaimed, criticizing the proneness to boasting and exaggeration in publicity, the disconnect between economic policy and economic base, and the hazards of "Left" opportunism, just like a level-headed politician without the slightest self-consciousness of an offender. He was still him, maintaining human dignity, and exercising the rights of the brain and mouth. Yuan Yunsheng listened, filled with admiration.<br />
<br />
散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特儿是清癯的、憔悴的,一副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出一个美的灵魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
<br />
After the meeting, Jiang Feng read a book with his head on the desk. Yuan Yunsheng quietly picked up the drawing board and looked towards him. The model in front of him was skinny and haggard, with a contemplative look. However, in the painter's mind, a beautiful soul was reflected, as hard and transparent as diamonds. The painter used his brush to draw a portrait of him with ease and verve.<br />
<br />
“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
<br />
"Oh, I'm much thinner than before." Jiang Feng took the sketch and said with emotion, "Leave this painting to me. You and I have a memorable friendship…"<br />
<br />
这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
<br />
The sketch was paired with a frame, hanging in Jiang Feng's home for many years.<br />
<br />
一个被撤职的党委书记,一个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
<br />
A dismissed secretary of the Party Committee, and a young man forced to stop school. Neither of their personalities were distorted under the weight. Once the personality had overcome the ordeal, it was like cast iron. It was the same to admit it or not.<br />
<br />
雨纷纷<br />
<br />
The Drizzling Water <br />
<br />
画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业分配。<br />
<br />
The painter parted with Lanying in Suzhou and returned to Changchun. They exchanged letters from time to time. A year later, Lanying was facing job assignment after graduation.<br />
<br />
东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降临头上。<br />
<br />
The Northeast was very unfamiliar to Lanying. In her imagination, it was distant borderlands covered with snow and ice, a terrible place so cold that the nose, ears and chin could be frozen off. None of the students wanted to be assigned to the Northeast. They were used to the affluent conditions and warm climate of lands of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River, and the mere mention of the Northeast made their hair stand on end, as if the doom of exile had fallen on their heads. <br />
<br />
兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
<br />
Lanying was regardless of anything. In the girl's mind, where he was, there was spring, and there was a bonfire! She was willing to suffer cold and hunger just by his side.<br />
<br />
当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying proposed to the organization of his aspiration for assignment, the other side was shocked: “Ah, you already have a boyfriend! How long have you known each other? What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
姑娘一五一十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住 。<br />
<br />
The girl answered one by one. She thought that it could not be hidden sooner or later.<br />
<br />
兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象力,把故事编得像田园牧歌一样美妙——<br />
<br />
Lanying’s story spread through the college. Oral litterateurs were not lack in imagination, and made up the story as beautiful as an idyllic pastoral --<br />
<br />
“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
<br />
"Hey, did you hear? Lanying asked to be assigned to Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
<br />
"So far away! Why do you want to go there?"<br />
<br />
“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子。”<br />
<br />
"She met a boyfriend, one of the most beautiful men in Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那个人干什么的?”<br />
<br />
"What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
<br />
"He's an actor at Changchun Film Studio. He acted many movies."<br />
<br />
“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
<br />
"Of course it is good to have an actor as boyfriend. He can go everywhere in the country. <br />
Studios are in big cities, and Lanying can be transferred to wherever she likes!"<br />
<br />
但是,在学校的一间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
<br />
But in a small room of the college, Lanying's head was under the weight of thousand pounds, and furious and disappointed eyes were cast at him: “You are too naïve in politics. Who is he? A ‘rightist', who is anti-Party and anti-socialist. Who are you? The descendant of revolutionary martyrs, member of the Communist Youth League, and the Party organization's development target. Won’t you feel sorry about your dead parents? And the Party?<br />
<br />
兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了……”<br />
<br />
Lanying argued: "His hat had been taken off…"<br />
<br />
“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样一个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣个黑锅背一辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
<br />
"Whether his hat had been taken off or not, it was all the same. If one has such a family, he could not shake it off. But you want to have the injustice and carry it for the rest of your life. How silly you are!"<br />
<br />
“我乐意……”<br />
<br />
"I don’t care…"<br />
<br />
“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍白,四肢麻木,像是一个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
<br />
"Don’t say any more! You are already his prisoner, standing on a cliff. You have to break off with him, and never meet him again. If he writes to you, you hand it over to the organization to deal with!" Lanying sat in a corner of the room, pale and numb, like a rebel on trial. What did she have to say? A simple-hearted girl confided in others the secret of love for the first time, who should receive happy congratulations. However, she received brutal reprimand and forced interferences, and it was useless to argue with them. She dragged herself back to the dormitory.<br />
<br />
更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她,好像她做了什么亏心事。一颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
<br />
What was harder to bear was the mute weight. Her classmates looked at her with scorn and whispered about her as if she had done something against conscience. A pearl once held in the palm of the hand suddenly became the object of ridicule, so that she tasted the fickleness of the world, the ups and downs of fate, and aroused a strong feeling of rebellion.<br />
<br />
她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨——爸爸生前的战友。<br />
<br />
She wrote a letter and sent it to an aunt in Hangzhou, a former comrade of her father.<br />
<br />
阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
<br />
The aunt soon sent a telegram, asking her to go to Hangzhou and talking with her face to face.<br />
<br />
兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空一样阴郁。<br />
<br />
When she arrived in Hangzhou, it was drizzling. The aunt took her to her residence, and was very hospitable with smile, trying to make her happy. However, Lanying's face looked sad, as gloomy as the sky.<br />
<br />
“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说，“我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
<br />
"What if you worry yourself into illness?” The aunt said, "Let me go out for a walk with you.”<br />
<br />
她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
<br />
They went to Orioles Singing in the Willows of the West Lake with a umbrella.<br />
<br />
西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
<br />
The West Lake was silvery gray in front of Lanying. The sky was silver, and the water was silver. The atmosphere was drifting with silver powder that looked like rain but not rain, which he could not feel, and her clothes seemed to be getting wet but not.<br />
<br />
兰英的眉心舒展 了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
<br />
Lanying felt more comfortable: "The scenery here is so beautiful!"<br />
<br />
“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢，”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍一个男朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证会喜欢他……”<br />
<br />
"It is worth coming here, right. There is another happy thing," said the aunt with a smile, "I’ll introduce to you a boyfriend. He is a member of the party and does confidential work in the army. He is handsome and you are well matched in age. I’m sure that as long as you are willing to meet him, you are going to like him…"<br />
<br />
兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
<br />
Lanying was on the alert at once: "Did you invite here just for this?"<br />
<br />
阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养感情嘛……”<br />
<br />
The aunt said: "I’m doing this for your own good. Relationship needs to be cultivated. You don’t have relationship with him now, but you can cultivate it…"<br />
<br />
姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进一团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲径好像布满陷阱。一种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。给你!”<br />
<br />
The girl only felt that her chest was stuffed with a mess. The beautiful scenery of the West Lake had become nasty, and the winding path under her feet seemed to be fraught with pitfalls. A feeling of being fooled came over her, and she said angrily: "I don't want to see anyone. Here you are!"<br />
<br />
兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
<br />
Lanying shoved the umbrella into the aunt's hand, turned and ran away through the cold rain. Behind her, the lake water lapped at the shore, making a rhythmic sound, like heaving sighs…<br />
<br />
回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
<br />
Back to the residence, the first thing Lanying did was to pack things, ready to return to Suzhou. The aunt came over and said calmly, "Lanying, I know your temper. Once you have decided something, no one can persuade you…"<br />
<br />
“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
<br />
"I appreciate that you know it." The girl said tonelessly.<br />
<br />
“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好好谈谈吧……”<br />
<br />
"I have only one request." said the aunt, "Since you came to Hangzhou, it does not hurt to stay one more day. Let's talk about it in the evening…"<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
<br />
At night, Lanying and the aunt sat face to face by lamplight.<br />
<br />
“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I trust your eyes. The person you like must be good." The aunt said calmly. “Our party implements a policy of uniting and reforming intellectuals, and people like him still have a role to play."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "I thought the same thing…"<br />
<br />
“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们一些好处。打个比喻吧,好比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那些人再好,也不能使用。你多想一想吧……”<br />
<br />
"But let me tell you more detailed information." The aunt said, "At present we do not have a team of intellectuals of our own. If we don’t rely on them, who can we rely on? If we want to use them, we have to give them some benefits. To use an analogy, it is like a jelly bean to coax children. The little sweetness will soon melt. When our own team grows up, they can’t be used any more no matter how good they are. Think more about it…”<br />
<br />
姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头一次听说,在政策的背后还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
<br />
After the girl listened to the thorough analysis, she was bewildered. She heard for the first time that there were policies behind a policy. The infinite mysteries of life were enough for her to digest slowly.<br />
<br />
这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。一个势单力孤的女子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越 ,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为一个农家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
<br />
That night, Lanying lost sleep. At the deadest time of the night, she was thinking about the painter who was far away and gradually came to realize that there were more serious obstacles between them than ice, snow, storms, mountains and rivers. A weak woman, powerless to push away the weight of society, tradition and mentality, felt that the future was infinitely uncertain. Did the girl regret having fallen in love with him? She could not find a reason to condemn herself. Their love was witnessed by the green hill and bright moon, without a trace of dust. She could only regret that she came from a privileged background and was fully favored, so that her love was also shackled. The girl would rather be reborn again for him… She fell asleep in a daze and had a sweet dream that she was transformed into a farm girl and met the painter among the white mountain and the black water. The whole world was pure as if it was covered with silver and jade… When she woke up, she found that it was just a delusional dream. The fate had been doomed, and everything was irreversible. The girl was desperate, with hot tears like a broken line of beads, from the cheeks constantly rolling down...<br />
<br />
第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看一看就会明白的。”<br />
<br />
The next day, the aunt put a magazine in front of Lanying: "This is what I found from the library, you will understand if you read it."<br />
<br />
这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到一篇文章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的一小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的题目¬¬——<br />
<br />
It was a magazine of ''Fine Arts'' published in that year. With trembling hands, Lanying opened the pages and found an article. The article criticized an oil painting by Yuan Yunsheng and included a photo of it. What was that? The painting was shrunken into a small and pitiful piece that could not be seen clearly. The girl finally found the title of the painting--<br />
<br />
水乡记忆<br />
<br />
Memory of the Water Town<br />
<br />
“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
<br />
"It’s okay. It’s okay. It would burn if you continue frying it."<br />
<br />
“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
<br />
"Be gentle, don't let others hear it."<br />
<br />
“我先尝尝——哈,又香又脆!”<br />
<br />
"Let me taste it first--ha, it’s delicious and crispy!"<br />
<br />
“放开肚皮吧 ,反正不花钱……”<br />
<br />
"Tuck in. It doesn’t cost money anyway…"<br />
<br />
袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng lying in bed, heard the laughter, the sizzle of boiling oil, and the greedy sound of chewing from next door, along with the aroma of fried oil cakes, keeping him awake at night. <br />
<br />
这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择一处乡土气息浓厚的地区深入生活 ,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓库隔壁的一间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传口号消失了,生理本能在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是一出率先占有填充材料的喜剧。<br />
<br />
This was the warehouse of the production team, located in a small town near Suzhou. <br />
Not long ago, Yuan Yunsheng returned to the Central Academy of Fine Arts from Shuangqiao Farm, and got back to Professor Dong Xiwen's studio to learn from him. The teacher suggested him to choose an area with a strong local flavor to plunge into the thick of life, collecting materials for his graduation work. He came to a town in the regions south of the Yangtze River and was assigned to a hut next to the production team's warehouse as the accommodation. It was a time of national economic hardship, and the water town, which was praised as “the earthly paradise", was also facing the threat of starvation. The fanatical slogan that was once popular disappeared and physiological instincts took effect in people, which was first shown in the town's cadres. In order to fill a few people’s bellies, they went harm to the group, compressing others’ bellies. The late-night performance was a comedy of being the first to take possession of the filling material.<br />
<br />
袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng rolled over in bed, causing a few rats to crawl out beside the pillow and hop around on him.<br />
<br />
“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
<br />
"There’s a noise!" The man next door said, "Should we ask that painter to come?"<br />
<br />
“别理他!”<br />
<br />
"Don’t mind him!"<br />
<br />
……<br />
<br />
这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预一下也无可厚非 。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
<br />
This was the material of the real life! Paint it. Since "art was subordinate to politics", there was nothing wrong with intervening such life. The painter lied in bed, his heart flowing with the feeling of concerning for the country and the people.<br />
<br />
然而,夜间的梦寐 并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
<br />
However, the dream at night did not leave the painter with a deep impression. He had his own understanding of the function of art. He came here for the pursuit of the beauty in life, and the dust of life could not cloud the artist's heart of gold. The place he went during the day gave satisfaction to his pursuit. A few weeks later, he returned to Beijing with everything that he wanted.<br />
<br />
回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,一股不可遏制的创作冲动驱使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去一个晚上的时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
<br />
One day after returning to Beijing, he leaned on his bed and thought after dinner. An uncontrollable impulse of creation drove him to pick up the brush and readily draw on the draft paper, the tip of the brush as smooth as floating clouds and flowing water. In only one night, he sketched out his graduation work.<br />
<br />
他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
<br />
He took the sketch to visit Teacher Dong Xiwen. The teacher looked at it and said: "I think it is distinctive. The workload is not small. Get on with it!"<br />
<br />
他把行李卷、画布和油彩,一股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上一摊,不分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
<br />
He moved the bedding roll, canvases and oil paints into the large warehouse of the college. This warehouse was used to store large-scale cultural relics, including a tall stone camel, an excavated stone horse and a stone tiger in front of the tomb of the Han Dynasty general Huo Qubing. The floor was covered with thick dust, and the walls were covered with cobwebs, like a gloomy old castle. He spread the bedding roll on the floor, and worked day and night. The stone tiger and horse watched a young painter working like a maniac. Two months later, Yuan Yunsheng asked someone to help him lift out a huge oil painting.<br />
<br />
这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆 》。<br />
<br />
The painting was titled ''Memory of the Water Town''.<br />
<br />
《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优 ”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的分数都不肯给。<br />
<br />
''Memory of the Water Town'' became the topic of conversation in the circle of art. The doyens of painting such as Dong Xiwen, Ye Qianyu and Huang Yongyu praised it, who argued that his graduation grade should be “excellent”. Some others shook their heads and frowned, refusing to give him even a passing grade.<br />
<br />
水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
<br />
What was the memory of the water town for the young painter?<br />
<br />
画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
<br />
In the picture is a small bridge common in Suzhou, which is the style of traditional architectural left over from the Ming Dynasty, with exquisite structure, decorated with delicate sculpted reliefs. The two sides of the bridge show the houses, streets and the lively scene of the market trading during the Spring Festival.<br />
<br />
看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。一个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开一张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。一个淳朴的小女孩刚才卖掉一只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着一桩桩美好的故事——人们在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
<br />
Look, there are people set up the stage for Beijing opera performance, there are people selling New Year's pictures, and there are people selling grain and vegetables, so lively. A beautiful country girl spreads out a newspaper at her feet and sets bunches of flowers on it, expecting people to visit. A simple little girl has just sold a lamb. Perhaps because the cute little animal was fed by her hands when growing up, she sees it being taken away, showing a look of melancholy... With the strong national style and local customs and practices, the painter drew hundreds of lifelike characters, around the stone bridge to tell good stories -- people exchanged their results of hard work a year here, and were pleased and gratified by the rich and colorful folk recreations.<br />
<br />
桥下是一泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
<br />
Under the bridge is clear, rippling and sparkling. The dark-awninged boats, small wooden boats and barges carrying purchases for the Spring Festival are so close to each other, and brush past the others. The boatmen are all humble, avoiding each other, and quickly giving the way for the neighboring boats. A young man lies leisurely on the bow of the boat, the sunlight sprinkling over his face, and thinks with a vision of the future…<br />
<br />
这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举世无双的韧性——走向明天!<br />
<br />
Weren’t the small bridge and the river the reappearance of our national features! Our nation suffered a lot, and was at a very difficult time; however, our indomitable national spirit was not destroyed by the disaster. We were strong, confident and optimistic, emphasized courtesy, and maintained the great dignity, with a slow rhythm, calm pace, and resilience that was unparalleled in the world--towards tomorrow!<br />
<br />
谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
<br />
Who could have guessed that the original idea of this painting was conceived in that hut in the water town, that shady with mice hopping around, adjacent to the evil. What a contrast between the hard work of the people, the innocence of the painter, and the greed, selfishness and deceit just a wall away! The painter brushed away the shadows of life, and used painting language to express his deep love for his country and people with good wishes. This was the self-analysis of the painter's mind and character!<br />
<br />
当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩 ,年画的敦厚朴实和壁画的装饰趣味。<br />
<br />
When ''Memory of the Water Town'' was put on public display, hanging in the auditorium of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, the response from the audience was enthusiastic. Some people left comments, some took pictures, and some copied it. Just in terms of its innovation in artistic style, people were amazed by it. The author put aside the "three unities" of plot devices of Western oil painting and the traditional perspective rules, and adopted the ingenious technique of cavalier perspective of Chinese painting, so as to make the independent stories on the picture blend together. When portraying the characters, the author masterly used the tools of Western oil painting, boldly used line modeling, and absorbed the exaggeration of ancient art of pottery figurine to depict images of the figures with different expressions. The painting had the splendor and magnificence of oil painting, the exact delineation and heavy colors of Chinese painting, the sincerity and simplicity of New Year’s picture and the decorative interest of fresco. <br />
<br />
把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为一炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿了吧！<br />
<br />
It was the author's dream to integrate the ancient and modern, Chinese and Western painting arts into one. His dream should come true!<br />
<br />
但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
<br />
However, the fate of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was suddenly reversed, which was taken off the wall of the exhibition hall and thrown into the garbage dump where scraps were stored. Later, a young man who loved table tennis found its value and dragged it behind the table to use it as a baffle to block the ball. Later, a student from the art history department felt bad for it and secretly cut it down with a scissor, folded it up, and pressed it under the bed in the dormitory. However, the college reported it to the police in panic, bringing in the comrades in the department of public safety to enter the college to reconnoiter, as if searching for an indecent prohibited thing. Finally, the enthusiastic collector had to hand it over, and the campus loudspeaker immediately broadcasted that it was "another victory in paying great attention to class struggle".<br />
<br />
离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着一堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的路口只亮着一盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
<br />
Was it bizarre? Not really. The climate was changing, three years of hardship passed, the fairs trade in the countryside was banned, and the days of hunger were forgotten. Today's politics made new requirements on yesterday's art, and it was time for the painter to be spanked. The author of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was faced with lots of questions that he could never answered: Why didn't you paint a tractor? Why didn't you paint the wheat field with a good harvest? Why didn't paint… Among all the criticisms, no one had ever accused him of not painting the scene next door at that night, though such phenomena were a well-known fact. There was only one green light at the intersection of literary criticism: turning left. The artist who stayed true to the art went straight ahead and was denounced as being too "right".<br />
<br />
中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出作者的艺术才能。”<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, once said with emotion: "If this painting had not damaged, and had been put on display, I can predict that the audience would have rehabilitated him. Even in this tentative work, we can see the artistic talent of the author."<br />
<br />
只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世——其中也包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, the remains of the painting couldn’t be found. The only memorial it had left was a pathetically small picture, accompanied by a critical article that sounded plausible, published in a corner of ''Fine Arts''. The painter should feel honored that it was the first time his work had been made into a zincograph, and printed, spreading around the world--including the one in front of Lanying.<br />
<br />
月台边<br />
<br />
At the Edge of the Platform<br />
<br />
兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
<br />
The second morning Lanying spent in Hangzhou was the most painful time for her.<br />
<br />
阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子 ,还会累及子女。<br />
<br />
The aunt stood beside her as her guardian, and pointed to the magazine as if she had found a powerful proof. The aunt said that a man like Yuan Yunsheng would not correct his mistake, and others would not tolerate him. It would be a lifelong mistake to combine with him, never seeing the light in the future and implicating the children.<br />
<br />
那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘与画家结合 的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
<br />
The magazine did not frighten the girl’s love away, but made her feel the seriousness of the problem. It seemed that it was not only the aunt, the college, but also the whole society that prevented her from being bound with the painter. It seemed that everyone except the girl were cursing him and splashing dirty water on the painter. Did the girl still have the courage to go towards him? Talking about the future children, those innocent babies that would follow the adults and spend the whole life in the mud, Lanying's heart was softened.<br />
<br />
这是一场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
<br />
It was an irresistible spiritual siege. Lanying hunched over the table and burst into tears…<br />
<br />
阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效力,递过一支笔、一张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
<br />
Seeing the effect of her good intention, the aunt handed over a pen and a piece of paper: "Writing him a letter and making it clear, you’ll feel comfortable. If he really loves you, he will not give you trouble again…"<br />
<br />
兰英接过纸笔。<br />
<br />
Lanying took the paper and pen.<br />
<br />
她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家能够得到另一个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后一个字,信纸上满是斑斑泪痕。<br />
<br />
She wrote a very firm statement, cutting off communication with the painter, and didn’t explain anything. She took the responsibility, saying that she was willing to pay the lifelong price for her impulse and would never get married again. In her letter, she wished the painter to get another girl who would love him as much as she did… When she finished the letter, it was blotted with tears.<br />
<br />
阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
<br />
The aunt took it over to have a look and sighed: "Look, the handwriting was wet with tears. It’ll make him suspect that you are not really want to break up with him ......"<br />
<br />
“本来就是被迫的！”兰英没好气地说。<br />
<br />
"It was forced!" Lanying said angrily.<br />
<br />
阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
<br />
The aunt finally got the written pledge and was relieved, sealing the envelope with her own hands, sticking a stamp on it, and taking it to the post office.<br />
<br />
兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将把信撕得粉碎,一赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下 ,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净……<br />
<br />
Lanying returned to Suzhou from Hangzhou, and felt every day like a year, repeatedly imagining the painter's reaction. The painter would be furious, wouldn’t he? Lanying really did not want to add a new scar to the painter's heart, which had been badly wounded, so she did not write irritating words in the letter. But the painter would understand the reason for the change. The letter had already constituted a contempt and insult to him. Would he rip it up and decide not to write back in a fit of anger? Or would he bow to his fate and fall into a depression? Or, the girl's worries were superfluous. Men were men, who were easy come and easy go. He would wipe the girl out of his memory, completely forgetting her.<br />
<br />
兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
<br />
The last thing that Lanying wanted to happen was the latter situation.<br />
<br />
画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
<br />
The painter wrote back with stiff words. He agreed to break up, without a hint of a pleading tone, with only one last condition, asking Lanying to come to Changchun and explain the reason face to face.<br />
<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
<br />
Like hearing an echo from an empty valley, Lanying ran into the college office clasping the letter.<br />
<br />
姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
<br />
The girl placed the letter on the table and said: "Please allow me to go to Changchun."<br />
<br />
对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
<br />
After reading the painter's letter, the other party looked up and asked, "Is this the last meeting?"<br />
<br />
“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
<br />
"Yes." The girl said, "We're very determined."<br />
<br />
学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
<br />
The college could not say the reason for refusing the girl and let her go. On the day of the girl’s departure, the school made a long-distance call to Changchun, asking the painter's unit to cooperate and pay attention to the actions of Lanying and the painter, promoting both sides to break off the relationship.<br />
<br />
火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人头攒动的月台上,她一眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
<br />
The train was flying along, the vast fields passing outside the window. The girl was anxious. She was longing for the scenery of the Northeast in her dream before, but this journey didn’t leave any impression on her. She only remembered the moment the train arrived in Changchun, when she saw the painter with a pale face at a glance on the crowded platform.<br />
<br />
兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
<br />
When Lanying stepped out of the train, the painter was coming up. He still held the sketchbook in his hand, pretending to be calm. However, his tired and dark look, holding back great pain, could not escape the girl's keen eyes. It was exactly what the girl hoped to see, and a thrill of joy rose in her heart. <br />
<br />
画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
<br />
The painter stopped at the edge of the platform, keeping a few steps from the girl.<br />
<br />
“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
<br />
"Please answer now," the painter's voice was like the low roar of a wild animal, "why do you change your mind? Why do you bend to the will of others?"<br />
<br />
姑娘把旅行袋往前一递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听懂是什么意思。<br />
<br />
The girl handed her travel bag forward: "Do you think I come to Changchun to negotiate with you?" The painter was stunned, not understanding what it meant.<br />
<br />
“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑一趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
<br />
"You fool! If I want to break up with you, do I need to come all the way here?" The girl smiled sweetly, "There is a long way to go, and you need to be tested!"<br />
<br />
明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解——那些无尽无休的劝说、挑唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
<br />
The bright sunlight returned to the painter's face. He even forgot to pick up the girl's bag, and was so excited that he didn’t know what to do. The girl dodged back a little, really afraid that the guy who lost his mind in front of him would throw himself into her arms in full view of a large crowd with no regard for the customs of the country… The consensus reached at the Changchun negotiation--those endless persuasion, instigation and restraint was really tiresome that decisive actions had to be taken to get rid of it.<br />
<br />
兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同财产,是一条印花双人床单。在一间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
<br />
Lanying and the painter married in the summer vocation after graduation. The wedding was held in Changchun, without relatives officiating, and classmates congratulating. The only gift they received was a blouse given by Yuan Yunfu to his sister-in-law; the new common property was a printed double bed sheet. In a temporary borrowed hut, they performed a solemn ceremony of life. Lanying spent her honeymoon in disassembling and washing the bedding for the former bachelor. The short honeymoon ended as Lanying's reporting date approached.<br />
<br />
人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
<br />
The Queen Mother of the world was not willing to give in after all, and deliberately laid a galaxy between them.<br />
<br />
兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽容——除了东北三省之外,其他任何一个城市都行。实心眼儿的 姑娘把手指放在地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
<br />
Lanying's place of work was chosen from the map. When she was assigned after graduation, the college gave her lenient conditions--any city except the three provinces of the northeast. The honest girl put her finger on the map and found the nearest place to the Northeast along the railway line. Her finger crossed Beijing, Tianjin, and rested on a small circle south of Shanhaiguan: Tangshan. She thought that it was the ideal crossing of the Milky Way on earth.<br />
<br />
她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着一块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生活无法自理。直到这时,她才感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
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Not long after she arrived in Tangshan, she was caught in the "unprecedented" storm. With marches, rebellions, and two factions fighting with each other with machetes and spears, the whole city fell into a primitive tribal strife. Lanying was alone and lived in the uncertainty in troubled times. The annual visits to her husband comforted her a little in spirit. Later, she was pregnant. The overwork and poor living conditions caused Lanying to suffer from lumbar spine strain. Her back was like carrying a heavy iron plate, and she couldn’t roll over in bed. There was no one to make fires in the house, and the flimsy door and windows could not withstand the cold wind. Lumbar disease made her stiff and unable to take care of herself. By this time, she felt that she needed her husband by her side so much…<br />
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画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到一份工作,又赶到唐山,好不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户口的证件。至此,他们已经两地分居六年了。<br />
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The painter went around and asked, and finally found a job for his wife in a hospital in Changchun, and then rushed to Tangshan. With difficulty he passed many hurdles and got the documents to switch his wife’s job and transfer her registered permanent residence. So far, they had been living apart for six years.<br />
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兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西——优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。耿耿 银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
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When Lanying sat on the train, the platform in Changchun moving in front of her eyes again, she could not help but have mixed feelings. For six years, she lost a lot of things out of her own volition--a bright future in politics, a beautiful youth and excellent conditions. The corners of her pretty eyes were covered with worry lines, and her beautiful cheeks became sallow with a gaunt appearance. She paid a huge price for the ordinary life of ordinary people, and a charge of "the family member of a rightist whose hat was taken off”. The Milky Way was in front of her, and there were the same strict rituals in heaven and on earth. <br />
<br />
陋室铭<br />
<br />
The Humble Room<br />
<br />
破木桌上摊开一张纸片,一只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
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A piece of paper was spread out on the broken wooden table, and a small hand holding the brush, applied watercolor to the paper. Round, square and irregular blocks of color appeared under the brush, representing different still life: the round one was a washtub, the square one was an old wooden box, and the irregular one was a diaper on a clothesline…<br />
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这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
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It was the artist's son sketching. He was born in Changchun, and no matter how difficult the path of his parents' life was, he grew up according to the laws of nature, until he was old enough to grasp a brush with his little hand. <br />
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小屋只有14平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, 一排大连铺占去三分之二的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
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The house was only 14 square meters. A little sister added to the family, and four of them were crammed into a small space, with a large bed taking up two thirds of the area. The broken wooden table in front of the window was the dad's workbench at ordinary times, and the son's bed at night. The rest of the space was for cooking and washing clothes, and there was no extra space.<br />
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眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
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The artist's son had painted the scene in front of him more than once, which was his first subject of contact with life. This lovely third generation in new China repeatedly painted with the most beautiful colors in his young mind, and had accumulated dozens of sketches. Whenever the neighbors came to visit, he would take out his works and show them off in front of them. However, the comments he heard were very disappointing: "Alas, Lanying, why does your precious son only paint the slums?"<br />
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兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
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兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食 堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不 发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝 糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头ー样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那 些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
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家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物 价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买 不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱ー个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
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他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
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“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
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“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
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妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服ロ袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
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儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
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过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
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画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
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儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚オ他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤 肉颠得没影了……<br />
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“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
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儿子也笑了。ー场精神上的欢笑代替了假日的会餐。<br />
<br />
在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门 面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现 代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处 境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得 很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到 家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
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在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似 的想点办法?”<br />
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“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
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“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合 过得去……”<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
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妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题ー搁,永远不再提起。<br />
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兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们 家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥ー顿饱ー顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的 换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环 境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣 服洗一洗吧。”<br />
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“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干ー场。<br />
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他把床单和衣服泡了满满ー盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他ー忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;ー忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
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他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板 凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
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兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过ー丝苦笑。<br />
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画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
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一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚 子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,ー共跳了多 少次?，，<br />
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画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
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兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪一整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。<br />
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干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
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天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入 睡;儿子ー沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手 抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另ー只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
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漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
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兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为 人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为ー个正直的画家的妻子的全部 甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕 耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还 被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦 楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
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她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙<br />
爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
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车轮下<br />
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袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱 地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
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兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为ー家人做早饭。<br />
<br />
画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
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兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺ー躺。”画家匆匆吃过 早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
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在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过ー场大雪,北风ー刮,马路上结 着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
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画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜 劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命的时刻。<br />
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人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
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穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽 听ー阵隆隆的马达声。ー辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。 速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人 带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的 传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
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街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
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卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。 卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团 儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
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这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸ロー轧,就 算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃 脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
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按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同 情一预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦 的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。 即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头一抗争！<br />
<br />
接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡 车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车 咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人 们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
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“千万不能倒下「’画家想,“ー倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
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卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反<br />
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应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
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画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
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抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天<br />
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ォ清醒过来。<br />
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兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾ー切地赶到医院。存车的时 候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙 怎么也拔不出来。<br />
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存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚オ进医院的时<br />
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候,自己还能走路。"<br />
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兰英这オ觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
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兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫 妻双双躺在床上。<br />
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孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和<br />
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女儿一人捧回ー包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
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儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
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女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
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兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早<br />
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地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心 灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿 <br />
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画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰<br />
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问。他们留下ー百块钱赔偿经济损失一画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
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客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
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兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看ー<br />
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眼也令人伤心。<br />
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画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
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“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
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画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知<br />
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道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民ーー我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去「’<br />
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这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是ー个贫病交困的人的 最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对ー些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那 样遥远,拼着性命オ能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼 痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘 寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
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数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情 目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
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袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的 印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
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袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花 甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,ー举ー动都受到街道居委 会的监视。<br />
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袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没 有什么值得高兴的一中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路 线走ー遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽 然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
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江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上 挂着一幅画框,嵌着ー张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那 张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到 使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
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袁运生打开画夹,把ー组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的 牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人 物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的 笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
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“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真 诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
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袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨 的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风 中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手ー丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
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画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于!974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白 描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
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江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他 说:“呵,黄河! ー泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声 音……"<br />
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春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了 !<br />
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担担画<br />
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“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
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美术界ー些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头 角,施展オ华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任 河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各 种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是ー个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。 这个磨砺精深的艺术家,就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
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乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
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在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现 了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,ー头不驯服的长发 如垂下万根烦恼丝。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁 了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
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他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
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兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
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兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议 事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就 是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
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1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机 会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
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他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了 妻子,全家人像过节ー样快乐<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
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“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
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女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
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“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
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他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
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兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
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丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注ー掷了 !”<br />
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是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举 动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一 个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使ー颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴ー样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
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晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,ー针针,ー线线,直缝到天 色薄明。<br />
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“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
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“三个月吧。”画家说,“你ー个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
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妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
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这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府一景洪。他被西双版纳惊 人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林 绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水 晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁 着珠光宝气。<br />
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有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天 堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾 洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
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他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地。招待所的服务人员很 有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进ー间中等客房。<br />
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画家开ロ就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
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服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
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“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
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“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
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“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
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他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下ー步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各<br />
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的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
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幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出 的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
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云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族 的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
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好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的 背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有!40多斤重。小伙子看了直 抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
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袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
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瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
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奏鸣曲<br />
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瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
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呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
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那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝ー样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
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就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
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西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰 富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住 兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在ー棵树 前,一画就是一整天。<br />
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“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
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“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古 老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
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袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。 每ー笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家 的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小 虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理 昧 <br />
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中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来オ深有感 受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
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画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在ー起的<br />
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他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情 而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
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每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。 晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛 着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗 条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
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“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银 铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她 们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露ー截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使 她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后ー盘,自然地溜向ー 边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
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少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来ー阵阵悠扬 的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在 纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
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诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就 在苦苦思索ー个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
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美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出 你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
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面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我 感受却不尽相同。ー百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,ー百种不同的表现方法。<br />
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艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。<br />
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从夏末到中秋,他在ー串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勧定的一个偏僻的 小村寨。<br />
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这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上 开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本 寨的荣耀。<br />
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同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无カ同病魔 斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是 “鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者ー商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那<br />
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些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
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“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的ー 瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精 粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的 请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起 画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
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小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的 经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂 痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在ー起进餐,然后由男方挑着担 子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱 护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像ー泓溪 水那样清澈。<br />
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一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清 脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的 手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
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这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在 古老的贝叶经里的传说一从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘 据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑 娘们生出ー计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头ー沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒 醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。 一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使 自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
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晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这 万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
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广为流传的神话传说,往往是ー个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到 的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑 海里汇集,逐渐熔化为ー团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳 美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地 多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西 双版纳。这是ー个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、 秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条一单纯与丰富高度和谐地统ー!<br />
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他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的 独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。 那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的ー组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
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昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘 绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
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公主啊!<br />
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你是ー颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
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但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
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把宝石镶在我的心上 <br />
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他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
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二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
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袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
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兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心 开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画 不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
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画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失 火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
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其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们 忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
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画家在长春的ー个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁 愕然了。<br />
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这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰 英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出ー个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗 震棚挪动着……<br />
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显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的 艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
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朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那<br />
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位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道<br />
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壁画之梦 <br />
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The Dream of Murals<br />
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不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀一样扑朔不定。他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。他搞不清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里…… <br />
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At some point, through the glass window covered with ice flowers, a hazy blue light came in, like a fairy stretching out her white arms and lifting the veil as soft as a dream. The room seemed bright and dim, with faint yellow glow of the electric light and murky air around, and the glow fluttered in a haze of smoke like wings. He wagged his head vigorously, and rubbed his eyes. The paintings on the table turned into a white mist, rising and spreading. Everything was blurred. He didn’t know whether he was awake at the moment, or vaguely in a dream...<br />
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昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。一抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从梦境回到了现实的世界。 <br />
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Last night he slept too late and smoked too much. Or rather, he didn't sleep, just lying next to the messy paintings and ashtray full of cigarette butts on the table for a while. When he looked up, it was dawn. The first ray of morning sunlight caressed the buildings in the suburbs of Beijing. He pushed the window open, and let the cold morning breeze chase away the fatigue of the night. He went back from the dream to the real world.<br />
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这是1979年1月,在北京白家庄。 <br />
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It was January 1979, in Baijiazhuang, Beijing.<br />
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袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和工艺美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得到了推荐,也在被邀请之列。 <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng passed through Beijing on his way home from a six-month-long trip to Yunnan. A great joy forced him to stay in Beijing. At that time, the new terminal building of Capital Airport was like a magnificent crystal palace going up in the eastern suburbs of Beijing, equipped with the world's most advanced technology. The spacious and comfortable departure lounges and restaurants, automatic doors, baggage carousels, weight scales with eletronic digital display, special quartz clocks made by Seikosha, high-efficiency indoor air conditioning devices, precise navigation and communication systems... They constituted the magnificent air gateway of the capital, whose degree of modernization was unparalleled in China. In today's world, modern architectural design was integrated with exquisite art decoration, and the ancient mural art was revived, accommodating with the development of construction industry based on new industrial technology. People in charge of the capital airport were managers of the new enterprise indeed. They invited more than fifty excellent artists as well as arts and crafts workers, led by Zhang Ding, the dean of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, to create a large modern murals for the terminal building. Yuan Yansheng, who had been silent for more than two decades, was lucky enough to be recommended and was among the invitees.<br />
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随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使一些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单一些,拿他的话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。” <br />
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With the opening of a crack in the window of ideological liberation in early 1979, the close relationship between literature and art and politics, which was very hot, was gradually adjusted over the years, making some artists calm down. They reconsidered the old and difficult proposition of the relationship between literature and art and politics, and denied the claim that literature and art was subordinate to politics. Their intentions was kind and peaceful, unwilling to use the arrow of art to touch sensitive political issues to avoid being blamed for something other than art; at the same time, they hoped to escape from the influence of the wind change and maintain the relative stability of the range of art, without rising or falling like a floating feather. But Yuan Yansheng thought more simply, in his words, "Art is art, which needs to be sincere."<br />
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袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节——生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻辑和客观条件应运而生的。 <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng's large mural design ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', was born based on this simple logic and objective conditions.<br />
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候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的一块地方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴的哲理。他决定抦弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。”<br />
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A large wall of the passenger’s dining room in the terminal, together with a corner, was given to him. What a big space! He stood before the white wall, astonished and delighted, wanting to pour out all the words in the heart to this wall. Artistic creation always spared no effort without reservation to present the most beautiful part of the artist's feelings of the mind. For more than twenty years, the language of art and life he had accumulated resounded in his heart like a surging river, and the unforgettable impression he had from his trip to Xishuangbanna was the climax of the good things and the leaping wave of his whole life experience. At that time, the only subject he thought of was the Water-Splashing Festival. The myths and legends he heard, recorded in the Pattra-leaf Sutra condensed the emotions like flames, the free imagination and the clear and pure philosophy of the tropical ethnic group. He decided to abandon the conception of genre and narrative paintings and used the lines he had practiced over the years to express the people's desire for a future of freedom and happiness. He said, “It is a pleasent surprise for me to paint a mural praising the spirit and sentiment of the Dai people on a huge wall with 27 meters wide and 3.4 meters high."<br />
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主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知命运如何? <br />
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Artists who advocated art for the sake of politics could also attribute this subject to politics. However, this idea, after all, left the specific political context and contained the deeper and more distant time and space as well as timeless themes. If it was in the past, such an artistic conception would have been intervened by politics and would have been accused of rebelling against orthodoxy. What was his fate this time?<br />
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袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境…… <br />
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Yuan Yunsheng's brother, Yuan Yunfu, gave him a room in his apartment in Baijiazhuang, which was both a bedroom and a studio. However, the small bed was rarely used. He spread out his sketch and entered a dream, a dream of flowing lines and beautiful colors...<br />
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在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统一。那座大门却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门搏斗,一支接一支地吸烟,一张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。 <br />
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In the dream of art, there were also untold troubles. Apart from anything else, the door in the wall of the dining room was annoying. Originally, the artistic language of mural should be harmonized with the artistic language of architecture. The door, however, divided the wall and become an obstacle to the artistic conception. He spent the whole night fighting with the annoying door, smoking one cigarette after another, and drawing one sketch after another. His brother lived in the room opposite to his room, who could see the light coming from the crack of the door all night long, and the smell of smoke wafted up. And his energy, effort and life were consumed in the light blue smoke. The next day when the door was opened, his face was pale.<br />
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“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。 <br />
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“How can your body stand it!” Yuan Yunfu said.<br />
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“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……” <br />
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"It's doesn’t matter.” He smiled faintly, “I get used to it..."<br />
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在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出一股韧性。为了重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟此时的心情。 <br />
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In the eyes of the elder brother, his younger brother was a completely different people than before. On the night more than twenty years ago, when Yuan Yunsheng told his brother that he was classified as a "rightist” in the same room, his round face was full of innocence, as if he was telling a light anecdote. Now, that face had experienced the hardships and troubles of life, stumbling on the rugged road, and had become angular with a stern look, revealing a resilience. In order to regain this opportunity to create in Beijing, what a price he had to pay! Yuan Yunfu understood his brother's feelings at this time.<br />
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整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法——“拱桥的两头很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》） <br />
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All day long, Yuan Yunsheng locked himself in his room and had a dream of mural. He was inspired by the familiar principle of the arch bridge in the suburbs of Suzhou, and found a way to cross the gate -- “The two ends of the arch bridge are very heavy, holding the towering and thin top. It is stable in mechanics, and how beautiful the curve like the rainbow is! The idea of constructing a rainbow of people with the activities of the Dai people is fascinating..." (quoted in ''Art Research'', Issue 1, 1980, Yuan Yunsheng: ''The Dream of Murals'')<br />
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实现这个迷人的想法,真是一项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每一个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了…… <br />
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It was a huge project to realize this fascinating idea. The splendid and colorful images of the Water-Splashing Festival came to his eyes: carrying water, sharing water, splashing water, dancing, boat racing, bathing at night, the quiet family life in the bamboo house of the Dai people and the young men and women who didn’t want to leave with each other in the jungle after dusk... Hundreds of characters appeared under his brush, and each of them was vivid and true. At the same time, it was decorative, exaggerated, personalized, and full of lyricism. The sketch was longer and longer, and the crowds like the rainbow were stretching out. The painter, who was immersed in the frenzy of his creation, seemed to be accompanied by music in his ears. He grasped the brush as if grasping the baton of the symphony orchestra, to express the shifts of melody and rhythm through the flowing lines, and the solemn, fervent and tenaciously upward theme song gradually rose up...<br />
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又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还有灯光。 <br />
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It was another early morning that Yuan Yunfu, who lived in the opposite room, woke up from his sleep and saw the light under the door of his brother’s room.<br />
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这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yunfu was also very tired these days. He also participated in the creation of murals at the Capital Airport, painting the first draft of ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan''. If he was exploring the path of art with his experience and artistic accomplishment, his brother was sprinting with his life. Half a month passed, in fifteen days and nights, the light in the opposite room did not gone out. What an amazing perseverance! Even the golden stone should cry for his sincerity of the art... <br />
<br />
对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀! <br />
<br />
A light blue smoke was coming from the opposite room with a heavy coughing sound, each more hoarse than the last. However, he was still painting, and still smoking incessantly. The coughing sound could be heard without end, and it was heart-wrenching to hear it in the silence before dawn. He was destroying the foundation of his health to build a spiritual building, and the lines on the sketch were clearly the blood streak of life!<br />
<br />
天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休息几天,回长春去过年吧。” <br />
<br />
After dawn, Yuan Yunfu said to his brother, "You probably forget that the day after tomorrow is Lunar New Year's Eve. I advise you to take a few days off and go back to Changchun for the New Year."<br />
<br />
袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用。第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制。” <br />
<br />
Yuan Yansheng shook his head, “I don’t have enough time. Although the second draft was drawn, but I haven’t had time to copy it."<br />
<br />
“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。” <br />
<br />
"You don’t care about your own body, but you have to think about Lanying.” His brother said. "You have been away from Changchun for more than six months. It is unreasonable for you not to go back for the Spring Festival."<br />
<br />
提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能在家待几天?” <br />
<br />
When it came to Lanying, Yuan Yansheng was no longer obstinate. On New Year's Eve, he rushed back to Changchun. Lanying asked him, "How many days can you stay at home this time?"<br />
<br />
画家说:“春节一过,还得讨论画稿。这一稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "After the New Year, I still have to discuss the drafts. I have not made a copy of this one yet, so I brought it back home."<br />
<br />
兰英叹了一口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……” <br />
<br />
Lan Ying sighed, "So, even in the Spring Festival, you still can’t have a good rest..."<br />
<br />
画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。” <br />
<br />
The painter said, "It's not difficult to copy, but it takes time."<br />
<br />
兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?” <br />
<br />
Lanying thought about it, "Well, can I help you?"<br />
<br />
画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。 <br />
<br />
The painter looked at his wife with affection and nodded.<br />
<br />
这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下一个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹…… <br />
<br />
This was the first time that Lanying was directly involved in her husband's artistic creation. At night, they turned on the lamp, set up a glass plate, laid out a translucent copy paper, and copied the painting of the Water-Splashing Festival together. This work, which celebrated the Dai people, also left traces of a Han woman's feelings...<br />
<br />
从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。 <br />
<br />
From the first to the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, they spent their time in this way. Lan Ying and the painter stayed up late together.<br />
<br />
忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴云笼罩着...... <br />
<br />
The busy painter did not even notice that Lan Ying's thin face was more withered, covered by the heavy cloud of illness...<br />
<br />
牛皮纸<br />
<br />
Kraft Paper<br />
<br />
春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。 <br />
<br />
Just after the Spring Festival, Yuan Yunsheng returned to Beijing with the colored design.<br />
<br />
绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。 <br />
<br />
Preparations for the mural painting were under way intensely. In order to get the best artistic effect, Capital Airport imported a batch of acrylic paints from Hong Kong. This was a new painting material popular in Europe, America and Japan in recent years. It had bright and soft color, strong covering power, and was suitable for multi-layered sfumato and foil, and maintained the stability of the coloar of the painting for a long time under various conditions of wetting, drying, hot and cold.<br />
<br />
参加《泼水节——生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。 <br />
<br />
Lian Weiyun and Fei Zheng, two collaborators who participated in the painting of ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life'', also arrived in succession. They were both accomplished middle-aged artists. After looking Yuan Yunsheng's design, they were impressed by the charm of the combination of traditional techniques of Chinese painting and western modern art, and were interested in it and eager to have a try.<br />
<br />
脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。 <br />
<br />
The scaffolding was set up and the walls were covered with solid backing cloth. Everything was ready and it was early summer. One day in June, Lanying came to Beijing from Changchun.<br />
<br />
兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的一次妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。 <br />
<br />
This time, Lan Ying made a special trip to Beijing to see a doctor. In fact, her condition had already been discovered. In a gynecological examination before the Spring Festival, the doctor felt an obvious foreign body in the uterus. Because her husband was away and she needed to take care of the children, her illness had not been treated. Recently, due to the rapid aggravation of her condition, she had to go to a large hospital in Beijing for a diagnosis.<br />
<br />
在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻待在一起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮工。 <br />
<br />
While waiting to see a doctor, Lan Ying and her husband stayed in a newly built hotel for international flight crews at the Capital Airport. The room was small but comfortable with spring beds, a bathroom, and shutters in the ceiling also indicated that there was air-conditioning equipment. Since her marriage, Lan Ying had never lived in such a high-class accommodation with her husband. However, the time the couple spent together was still limited. Every day, when the first purple rays of the morning sun came in through the curtains, Yuan Yunsheng turned over and got up, hurriedly washed the face. The sound of rushing away footsteps could be heard in the corridor. After a busy day, it was already late at night when he returned, covered in sweat and paint, like a house repairman who had just climbed down from the scaffolding.<br />
<br />
好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是出乎意料的,几个月以前的一小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到癌——恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢? <br />
<br />
Finally, it was the day of diagnosis. When Lan Ying got the diagnosis, moving tired steps out of the hospital, she felt her body and mind sinking downward, as if sinking into a bottomless abyss. The rate of the development of the disease was unexpected, a small foreign body a few months ago had grown into a big lump. Lan Ying herself was a surgeon, with professional knowledge and clinical experience, who understood the seriousness in the rate of deterioration of the disease. She thought about cancer--malignant cells tended to cause malformed expansion, while benign tumors were relatively steady; if it was not cancer, it was just a fluke. She walked slowly, and her mind was empty, the grey mist floating and sparks of consciousness flickering on and off. She felt painfully, intuitively, that the defenses of her health had been destroyed by everyday’s pressure because of excessive worry and fatigue from chores over the years. Did her lover, her children and everything in the future still belong to her?<br />
<br />
她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了候机大楼,站在脚手架旁…… <br />
<br />
She went back to the airport. The painter could not be found at the accommodation during the day. She stepped across the long asphalt road, entered the terminal building, and stood by the scaffolding...<br />
<br />
大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着一场真正的建设——脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。 <br />
<br />
The lobby was spacious and solemn. The new glass windows reflected the blue sky, and the abundant light rushed in and then spread out, softly scattering on the four walls. Here, in the heat of June, there was a real construction going on--the huge structure of scaffolding climbing up to the roof; on the ground, brushes, palettes and paint buckets were piled up haphazardly, showing how busy the art site was.<br />
<br />
兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在…… <br />
<br />
Lan Ying looked up and found her husband's figure on the scaffolding. He bent over, holding a brush in his hand, sketching on the wall. His long black hair hung down from his forehead, swinging ceaselessly in the air with his body, as if a cellist holding the bowstring was absorbed in the enchanting music he was playing, and the world around him no longer existed...<br />
<br />
兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,一个艺术赤子的オ华、智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。 <br />
<br />
Lan Ying stood there dumbfounded. Here and now, perhaps only she could deeply understand her husband's state of mind. From the tiny world of that humble room in Changchun to this grand and spacious lobby, the talents, wisdom and suppressed ambition of a man who was loyal to art broke away from all fetters and poured out. He even wanted to put his hot life into the tip of the brush, pouring, splashing and melting into the picture in front of him.<br />
<br />
墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华!<br />
<br />
Various lines on the wall presented the dense jungle in Xishuangbanna, full of vitality. With the movement of the brush, like the process happened in color developer in the darkroom, the images of several Dai women gradually became clear. Their stretched waists, flexible arms, and action of strong inclination added the sense of motion of the scene of water splashing. Lan Ying seemed to hear the cheerful rhythm of the small gong and the exciting drumbeat of the elephant-foot drum. The hazy expressions in the women's faces had infinite yearnings. Thus, the dead wall became alive. It was the artist's passion for life was shining, the reproduction of a beautiful vision. The limited life of the artist was sublimated in the meaningful art!<br />
<br />
站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。 <br />
<br />
Standing behind the art stage to see the art was the easiest to touch off the aftertaste of life. <br />
<br />
兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得到了精神的补偿。 <br />
<br />
Lan Ying felt relaxed, and the heavy feeling like being clogged with lead when she left the hospital was alleviated. Art had already intruded into her destiny, turning her from an outsider into an insider. She got spiritual compensation from the breath of artistic creation.<br />
<br />
这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查有结果了吗?” <br />
<br />
At this time, the painter climbed down from the scaffolding, spotted his wife at a glance, and walked quickly towards her, "Did you get the result of the examination at the hospital?"<br />
<br />
兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说......” <br />
<br />
Lanying said,"Go on with your work. I’ll talk to you when we came back..."<br />
<br />
妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。”<br />
<br />
The peaceful face of his wife reassured the painter. He said, "You should stay in your room and have a good rest."<br />
<br />
“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?” <br />
<br />
"I'm not tired. Lan Ying smiled faintly and said with studied casualness, "What can I do for you?"<br />
<br />
Chapter Two<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对一对画稿上的人物动作。” <br />
<br />
The painter seriously considered for a moment: “Oh, I need you here. Please imitate and check the action of the characters on the sketch for our reference.” <br />
<br />
“好吧。”妻子应允了。 <br />
<br />
"All right." The wife agreed.<br />
<br />
兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容…… <br />
<br />
Lanying made various body movements on the painter’s instructions. Fortunately, she was an active member of the literary and artistic activities twenty years ago with a little dance skills, natural movements, and an ideal slender body. It consumed a lot of time, and the painter looked left and right, directing Lanying's posture while examining the characters on the sketch. For Lanying, who was ill, it was an excessive burden. But she maintained a dignified posture with great endurance, and a serene smile appeared on her pale and tired face...<br />
<br />
几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为一个外科医生,如果给自己开一张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的一桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カ一搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏在心底很久很久了。 <br />
<br />
A few days later, Lanying boarded the northbound train and left Beijing. Her husband went to the station to see her off. Until the moment before her departure, the wife did not tell her husband about her illness. Lan Ying repeatedly considered the gains and losses. As a surgeon, she would not have hesitated to write “hospitalize immediately and surgically remove" if she had given herself a treatment order. The key to the treating a relentless tumor, whether it was benign or malignant, was to treat it in time.But she thought of her husband, and a wonderful career beyond him. Once she was hospitalized for a major surgery, her husband would not hesitate to accompany her and serve her, because she had no other close relatives in this world. In that way, the painter's work would stop, or at least be influence. Her husband was struggling on the difficult road of art and could not be delayed. Lan Ying had to give up her treatment, even if it meant the hope of life, in exchange for the extension of the artistic life. This idea, from the day she fell in love with the painter, had been buried in her heart for a long, long time.<br />
<br />
一声长笛,列车开走了,载着一颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾霭中...... <br />
<br />
With a whistle, the train drove away, carrying the heart of an ordinary but great woman, and disappearing in the fog...<br />
<br />
袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,一株热带丛林特有的鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像是在为自己的青春而骄傲…… <br />
<br />
Yuan Yansheng and his collaborators worked hard and four months passed. The painting work was coming to an end. Turning a corner of the wall, a view of Xishuangbanna at dusk appeared. In the light blue glow, there was a Passionfora edulis unique to the tropical jungle. Its luxuriant branches and leaves were like a cluster of hydrangea, forming a beautiful screen. Dai girls who took a bath at night, holding a clay pot, poured clear spring water on their body. They wore their long and undulating hair down to the ground, which seemed like the ripples of water flowing from high mountains. After the bath, the girls were combing their long hair with a tender smile on their face, as if they were proud of their youth...<br />
<br />
环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。 <br />
<br />
Surrounding the girl's bodies were a few flowing lines, which were the outline of the clothes that was sketched out in the draft. The painter was still uncertain how to handle them. In the process of painting, the onlookers who came and went through the lobby paid special attention to the girls taking baths at night on the wall, wanting to see whether they would be clothed or not.<br />
<br />
洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。“我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的一种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况他画的是神话传说而不是习俗…… <br />
<br />
It is a common knowledge in life that taking a bath (rather than splashing water) needs to take off clothes. In life, Dai women were more innocent. During the days in Xishuangbanna, the painter bathed many times with Dai men and women at the well and in the Lancang River. They were natural and graceful, treating nudity as a as a creation of nature, so they did not feel it was very mysterious. “I admit that I have more conservative thinking.” Yuan Yansheng said sincerely, “Because of this, I am more respectful of them.” In the history of painting, the language of nudity was an artistic language with rich expressiveness. Represented by Venus in ancient Greece, it developed into an independent aesthetic category. Similarly, using the language of nudity to express the author's worship of women and the praise for life became necessary for this particular scene in the mural. Not to mention that he painted myths and legends rather than customs...<br />
<br />
看来,画家打错了主意? It seems that the painter got the wrong idea?<br />
在一些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和犯罪搅成一池浑水。 <br />
<br />
In the eyes of some people, the style of nude was a “evil custom of barbarians” in the west! The richer the material life of the west was, the poorer the spiritual civilization was to the extent that the body was not covered by clothes. On the contrary, the great revolution of spiritual culture and the great retrogression of material production occurred at the same period in our country. In the past ten years, people’s vision had been highly purifief. Chinese women did not even want to wear skirts, cheongsams, or tight-fitting shirts, and wrapped themselves up tightly so as not to show their changeable lines. By doing so, they would not stain the eyes of others and desecrate their bodies. However, treating aesthetics as the result of getting rid of evil concepts did not improve the morality of the society, but brought spiritual impoverishment and degradation. As a result, just like the pure springs turned into muddy currents, art and crime were mixed into a pool of muddy water.<br />
<br />
盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。 <br />
<br />
In the height of summer, when the scene of “bathing at night" stood out, although the images of these young girls were decorative, symbolic and simple, it still caused a stir.<br />
<br />
这并不显眼的一角却引来一批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的…… <br />
<br />
This inconspicuous corner attracted numerous viewers, including curious people, anxious people, passers-by and spectators. People were talking about it in different tones, surprised, harsh or vulgar...<br />
<br />
这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不韪了。如要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的一场争论。 <br />
<br />
It was the first time in years that a nude appeared on modern Chinese murals. The author did a wrong thing that was considered as a big one at the time. If he wanted to solve dispute, it was easy, lifting the brush, smearing a few strokes, and dressing the figures in blouses and skirts, which cost nothing. Then he and his whole family would be blessed and away from misfortune. But he was reluctant to do that. He thought of a controversy in history over the issue of nude art.<br />
<br />
六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的一班轻薄少年、无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军阀败北。 <br />
<br />
Sixty years ago, a group of courageous painters in Shanghai were reviled for using nudity in their teachings and creations. At that time, the newspapers published many critical articles, saying that the painter “offended public decency”, “wanted to make the women of the world into a shameless position" and “broke down the boundaries between Chinese men and women”... And at that time, a group of libertines and loafers in Shanghai took nude photos for sale, which provided handles to trolls. Until the warlord Sun Chuanfang was angered, the painter was wanted by telegram. The painter concentrated all his efforts on rising to the challenge without fear, and wrote articles saying that “Scoundrels made nude photos and obscene picture of prostitutes to attract others for profit, I am very sad... Why Private Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts is blamed? Why I am blamed?” "I advocated that ambition of art shouldn’t be takev away... Although I have to defy all difficulties and dangers, I will never refuse.” The struggle ended in victory for the painter and defeat for the warlord.<br />
<br />
历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的一桩旧案犹未了结。 <br />
<br />
History had gone by more than half a century. Times were different, but an old case in the art world was not settled yet.<br />
<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思想解放!” <br />
<br />
"What we encountered is no longer a body issue.” Yuan Yansheng said to his companions, “It is related to the ideological liberation of the art world!"<br />
<br />
他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。 <br />
<br />
They insisted on making no changes. This detail in the murals was used as a stone of exploring and was thrown on the path of artistic spring presented in front of them after the smashing of the "Gang of Four".<br />
<br />
舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事…… <br />
<br />
After all, the pressure of public opinion was too great. In order to provide a peaceful environment for the painter to paint, the airport and the construction company were kind to cover up the doors and windows of the lobby while the painting work was still incomplete. Thus, the modernized doors were covered with thick kraft papers produced in the traditional way in China, and the murals painted in imported acrylic paints were hidden in a dull yellow glow of classical colors. The painter was at peace for the moment and went on with their unfinished work...<br />
<br />
不是结尾 <br />
<br />
Not the End<br />
<br />
10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动…… <br />
<br />
One day in late October, the autumn wind swirled yellow sand, sweeping above the streets of Beijing. Yuan Yansheng walked down the street quickly, facing the wind, and his long and thick black hair fluttering in the wind...<br />
<br />
首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。 <br />
<br />
The painting work of murals at the Capital Airport had been completed. The artists and art workers, led by Zhang Ding, achieved great success. The papers and TV stations published and broadcasted murals with distinctive characteristics and modern style: ''Nezha Conquers the Dragon King'', ''Song of the Forest'', ''Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan'', ''The Spring of Science'' and ''Water-Splashing Festival--A Hymn to Life''... It was like a hot whirlwind in the art world and society, provoking intense reactions. Before the Fourth Congress of Chinese Writers and Artists, a group of celebrities from the circles of literature and art, theory, architecture, foreign trade and press and publication came to the Capital Airport to attend the unveiling ceremony and congratulate the artists.<br />
<br />
国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人一进入中国就有一个强烈的印象,这种艺术是一个国家国力的象征。” <br />
<br />
They acquired great recognition from foreigners. Foreign friends stood in the lobby of the terminal building, looking around the four walls with appreciative eyes and saying, "Beijing Airport will be famous all over the world for its murals.” ”It gives people a strong impression upon entering China that this art is a symbol of a country's national power."<br />
<br />
日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……” <br />
<br />
Hirayama Ikuo, a famous Japanese painter, also came to visit. He said that Chinese culture had two peaks in history: the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, and he believed that the third peak was coming. He said to Yuan Yansheng with a smile, "After seeing your murals, I think Xishuangbanna is very beautiful. I really want to change the plan of this trip and go there..."<br />
<br />
这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰一样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔…… <br />
<br />
These days, Yunsheng was very busy. Meeting with foreign guests, accepting interviews and giving speeches on stage filled up his daily schedule. The lonely days were gone, followed by honors, applauses, and toasts, like stepping from the rugged mountain road to the peak full of flowers... He walked on the street, the wind and sand rushing toward him, and his lapel swaying in the wind. At this moment, contrary to the joy brought by the brilliant success, his face was strangely sad and sorrowful, frozen like ice, cold as a rock. It seemed to have infinite remorse in his indifference...<br />
<br />
呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化? <br />
<br />
Oh, what were you doing for? Were you still not satisfied? Or were you still worried about the change of political wind?<br />
<br />
不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着一个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作是坚定正确的表现。他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。 <br />
<br />
No. He was not worried about that. He was confident. For more than twenty years, he had been tenacious exploring towards a set goal with the sincerity of art. He had never been discouraged in the face of any setbacks. He loved the art of the country, and was classified as a "rightist" because he disagreed with Soviet painting theory. But now people who took the same position were seen as having a solid and right performance. He loved the watery towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and took a hit for painting the beautiful scenes of the rural market. But now markets all over the country were more prosperous than they were then. Oh life, many things would be changed after thirty years! He no longer believed in temporary and hasty conclusions. His personality and the personality of his art had been strengthened by adversity, becoming independent of the conclusions.<br />
<br />
那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧? <br />
<br />
So, why were you sad? Why were you depressed?<br />
<br />
只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无望,只等待手术的判决…… <br />
<br />
Just because his wife, bosom friend, backer of his career and partner in distress, was lying sickly in the hospital. It was not until a few days earlier that he learned of the illness that Lanying had hidden from him. After four months of suffering from the disease, Lanying's health collapsed! When she left Changchun, her sick body wasted away, with weak spirit and pale and yellow face. Her female companions, who saw her off, could not see any color on her face, took it as their last farewell, breaking down in tears. At this moment, she lay quietly in a hospital in Beijing, and she seemed tired. Once the burden was lifted from her shoulders, she didn’t have words, complaints and hope, only waiting for the verdict of surgery...<br />
<br />
一个人站立起来了,另一个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南去的列车上一见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下一笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。 <br />
<br />
One people stood up, another fell down, and she fell down for him. Since they met on the southbound train, she made too many voluntary sacrifices. If the wife really could never stand up again, then what was the meaning of her husband's success today for her? She was a doctor, a good wife and mother, and a person dedicated to art. Her contributions could never be rewarded, and she could not leave a mark on any art classic, but only painful memories engraved in her husband's heart.<br />
<br />
画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼眶里滚动。 <br />
<br />
The painter ran down the street to the hospital, a storm stirring up in his heart. His eyes were wet, white tears rolling in his eyes.<br />
<br />
他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:一种是诚实的艺术家;另一种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。 <br />
<br />
He thought of the two kinds of people who were closest to art in the wide world. One was the honest artist; the other was the person who did not know art but was pure and simple, such as his lovely wife.<br />
<br />
他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少一些吗? <br />
<br />
They didn’t have other intention, just for art. To recognize their hard work was the minimum to tolerate the existence of art. But they suffered too much beyond art. Couldn’t they suffer less?<br />
<br />
他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。 <br />
<br />
He walked on the street in Beijing, his tearful eyes shining with anticipation.<br />
<br />
后记: <br />
<br />
Postscript:<br />
<br />
本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又过了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世事变迁未可尽述。 <br />
<br />
After this article was published, the heroine recovered after treatment. A few years later, the hero went to the U.S. alone. And many things had changed and it was impossible to mention them all.<br />
<br />
——作者 <br />
<br />
--Author<br />
<br />
（原载《十月》1980年6月） <br />
<br />
(Originally published in October, June 1980)<br />
<br />
==卷一：10.热血男儿==<br />
<br />
热血男儿<br />
<br />
李士非<br />
<br />
满腔的热血已经沸腾。<br />
<br />
《国际歌》<br />
<br />
ー、能见到袁庚吗?<br />
<br />
在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天,蛇口エ业区和它的领导人袁庚,名扬国内外,越 来越引人注目。<br />
<br />
但是,我接受写袁庚的任务,未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他,手头也没有 积累多少关于他的资料,而且听说采访他很困难:他是香港招商局常务副董事长 （人们因此亲切地称他为袁董）,大部分时间在香港,每到蛇口,都忙得不可开交, 实在抽不出时间接受采访。但是,过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观,听过介绍,看 过录像,袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣,接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口 来,这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。“能见到袁庚吗?”“即使见不到袁庚也要写!”所谓 “冒险”,无非是写不出或写不好,个人面子不好看罢了,比起袁庚和他的朋友们从 事改革所冒的风险,简直是微不足道的。<br />
<br />
仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气,到这里待ー些日子也是值得的。<br />
<br />
“如果你只能待很短的时间,我劝你趁早打退堂鼓,不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆 辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意,开弓没有回头箭,退堂鼓是 不好打的。<br />
<br />
二、夜访梁宪<br />
<br />
在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口,袁庚出国去了,说是7月底或8月初 才能回来。最了解他的ー个人,东江纵队时期就和他ー起工作,现任蛇口工业区顾 <br />
问的许智明,到澳大利亚探亲去了,归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同, “时间就是金钱,效率就是生命”,白天工作紧张,找人谈话很难,晚上访问也要事 先约定,因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰 上袁庚的儿子袁中印,《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意,他马 上说:“有什么好写的?这么多人写过了,要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受 了乃父的影响,不大欢迎采访。“慢慢来吧,我一定要找你的。”我心里说。<br />
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多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙,约定了 一天晚上9点钟去访问エ业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人,穿过海 滨花园,沐着海风,经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边,漫步走向梁宪的住 处。早已听说,他!962年毕业于中山大学外语系,是梁宗岱教授的高足,对法国文 学很有研究。果然,ー见之下,我就感到他是ー个充满艺术气质的人。<br />
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他掏出港币,买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客,然后和我们谈笑风生。<br />
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“你们是文人,我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人,她在中央戏剧学 院教书。我对她说:你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的,但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。 中国像你们这样的文人太多,像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一 句英语,“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙,黄虹坚ー时也 没反应过来,陈宜浩翻译说:“他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑 起来。<br />
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梁宪大学毕业的时候,老百姓正在饿肚子,大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法 国文学的尖子,后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作,比袁庚晚半 年多一点。袁庚很器重他,有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。<br />
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“我去香港的时候,老婆说:最怕你没骨气,没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是 有的,外派干部只要有一点热血,就不是追求几大件,而是感到抬不起头来!<br />
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“刚到香港,每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐,ー串串的,海上漂着偷渡者的尸 体,我们不能忍受,啪一声把电视关了。<br />
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“我们国内建设搞不好,连ー些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们, 心里真难受呀。所以,我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过:’我之所以这么干,是 为了实现我入党时的初衷。’”<br />
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一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿,梁宪又概括地说:<br />
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“我熟悉的人当中,有两个热血男儿,ー个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛,ー个就是 袁庚!”<br />
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好一个“热血男儿” !这个词太恰当了,把这两个人相提并论太好了,我不禁<br />
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怦然心动,觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。<br />
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也真巧,比我年长20岁的刘任涛,是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第 一流的眼科专家,共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长,曾为刘伯承元帅安过义 眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》,改行当了电影编剧,“文化大革命”中在珠 影被诬为“历史反革命”,打断五根肋骨,投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动 期间,他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明,不顾自己的政治处境,不顾没 有任何医疗条件,决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他:“万一失败,你就 是阶级报复,就会重进监狱。”他不听,他终于成功了。“作为医生,我拯救了我的 灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀,立下遗嘱:死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢 复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
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刘任涛和袁庚,经历和事业完全不同,但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身 精神,是多么相似呵!我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚,觉得对袁庚也开始熟 悉了。<br />
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三、“冒险家”<br />
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刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障,要冒风险。袁 庚在蛇口进行改革,要冒更大的风险:两年之前,不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影 地攻击经济特区嘛!<br />
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但是,时代毕竟不同了,今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月 9日,胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区,袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆,和总书记有一 段精彩的对话。<br />
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袁庚:关于改革问题,现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看,凡是搞改革 的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法,最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变 法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪,改良主义,结果六君子被 杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革,我想不会落得前人这样 的下场,我们是在党的领导下进行的,不会有问题吧,我们值得冒这个险!<br />
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胡耀邦:过去的改革是下层少数人去改,领导者、统治者是压制的。现在 不同,我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改,现在和过去根本不同嘛!<br />
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袁庚:我们感到,我们的干部是不大怕群众的,只怕顶头上司,怕上司不喜 欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说,我每次来蛇口,ー上码头,前呼后 拥的,下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒,就会忘乎所以,久而久之, 就不怕群众,不怕下级,因为群众、下级撤不了我的职,我只怕交通部,怕顶头 上司,只有他们才能撤我的职。<br />
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所以,群众监督干部,群众有权选举和罢免干部,这至关重要。我们这里 想搞个改革试点,管委会由群众选举产生,每年投一次信任票,如果不信任票 超过半数,管委会就得改选,个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公 开的、直接的,由群众投票选举的领导班子,就会想群众之所想,急群众之所 急,就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手,就有人自动送礼 上门,如果头脑不清醒,不能自律,就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装 懂,诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部,我相信可以改变一下干部的结 构和干部的作风。我们想做这样ー个不太小的改革,准备冒一点风险。<br />
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胡耀邦:（点头）好!很好!<br />
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袁庚:总书记说了好,我们就记录在案,马上打报告这样做。<br />
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胡耀邦:（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿,在哪 ー出戏里我忘记了,讽刺官僚主义者,他不敢骂台上的官,只敢骂戏台上堂前 的鼓。有一段唱词说:“一棵大树腹中空,两头都是皮儿绷,每天上堂敲三下, R卜咚ゆ咚又ゆ咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛!（全场大笑）<br />
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党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印,想到ー块去了,这在蛇口的发 展史上,是应当大书特书的。<br />
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1983年4月24日,选举产生了蛇口エ业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22 日,按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票?组干处处长虞 德海说:“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的,信任票不足半数就 得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决,一定要搞信任投票。” 投票结果,管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数,袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上,全 部投票公开,任人查阅,尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐,如“某某能力低”“某某 不堪信任”之类,也不加掩饰。<br />
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这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。<br />
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四、“那里不肯放,就辞职!”<br />
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选举产生领导班子,定期举行信任投票,这是袁庚深思熟虑的ー项决定。他深<br />
深感到,不改革干部制度,不改变干部结构,任何改革都无从谈起,“四化”也只是 一句空话。<br />
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有的领导干部,居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人:“你们大学建多大的桥?” 问来访的美国客人:“英国人讲英语,你们美国人讲什么语?”还有人向中央领导同 志汇报他到香港考察的收获:“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯!”如此等等,令人 啼笑皆非。这样的干部,怎能担当建设“四化”的重任!<br />
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蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地）,指挥部只有 二十多个干部的时候,袁庚就开始考虑如何培育ー支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命 化的干部队伍。1981年,他排除阻カ,毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班,从全国 各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说,“我是个冒险家,为了蛇口的改革,我从 全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。<br />
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当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员,委托交通部下属的交通科 学院情报所代为主持,在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、 江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。<br />
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王潮梁!938年出生于江苏无锡,1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计 专业。早在1958年,他就参考外国的资料,在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫 原理,并和同学们一道造出了样品,在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对 飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是,在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年 代,几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机エ厂飞机设 计室任产品主管设计员,那时生产要听驻厂军代表的,而军代表只相信苏联专家和 苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料,翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂, 即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂,也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚 子气,却毫无办法。岁月如流,王潮梁搞了 17年飞机设计,却看到我们的飞机エ业 比印度还落后;又研制了四年的飞翔船,却看不到一艘飞翔船下水,那种壮志难酬 的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会,唯一的名额给了业务上 根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培 训班招生的广告时,他兴奋极了,“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方,去!”立刻把广告 剪下来,郑重地贴在本子上。<br />
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他第一个走进考场,第一个走出考场。笔试、面试,成绩优良。主持考试的情 报所林鸿慈同志下了结论:这是个人才,录取！<br />
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但是,在中国有一个很大的矛盾:生产资料是全民所有制,干部却是单位私有 制。ー个单位可以把ー个或ー批人才冷藏ー辈子<br />
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长江航运科研所不肯放人。<br />
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198I年11月,袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他,向他汇 报了招生的情况,特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。<br />
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袁庚很激动。<br />
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“小王是不是党员?”<br />
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“不是。”<br />
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“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量,开个头,那里不肯放,就辞职!我这 里收。最多就是人家去告状,最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先 例。告到国务院,我们就把这个同志的情况报上去,中央领导会支持我们。新华社 社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开’干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人 在单位不充分发挥作用,又不让调,这个局面不打开是不成的!”<br />
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林鸿慈被袁庚打动了,写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁,同时通过各种渠道 去做说服、疏通工作。终于,用不着王潮梁辞职,单位同意放人了。1982年,王潮 梁来到蛇口工业区。<br />
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五、企业管理研究生<br />
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1982年12月的一天晚上,ー个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
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这是一次事先约定的会见。<br />
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年轻人叫余昌民,刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清 华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生,工作了八九年,深感中国企业管理的弊病 太多,1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年, 专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息,《读卖新闻》为 此发了专稿,登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了,干什么好呢?学校建议他到国家 经委属下的中国企业研究协会去,这当然是个专业对口的美差,但是在武汉工作的 爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候,蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。他每星期上街 去买《深圳特区报》,得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝,如饥似渴地加以研 究。不难判断,蛇口エ业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去!决心下定了,系 里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会,经朋友介绍,他就来登门拜访了。<br />
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会面的一瞬间,两个人互相观察了一下。<br />
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“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗?穿件中式棉袄,和一般的老干部没啥差别,不 是想象中的那个改革家的模样,而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真 的值得?”<br />
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真正的一闪念,没容余昌民多想,袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
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谈话开门见山。<br />
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“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里?”<br />
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“在于体制。”<br />
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“对了!”袁庚兴奋起来,侃侃而谈,“上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦,说 他们要一千人,劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用,那七百是搭配的闲人,你再要, 就再搭配,再多余,反正是大锅饭,大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了,还说这是社会主义 的优越性!这样,工厂冗员越来越多,工厂成了小社会,在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的, 形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ,败坏着我们的民族素质!这样的体制不改革,我们 就没有出路!”<br />
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“我的ー篇论文,提出了企业的素质问题。”<br />
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“有何高见?”<br />
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“素质,好比基本作用,像女排,形成了她们的基本作风,就有战斗カ。”<br />
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“就把ー个企业比作球队吧,假如你是教练,别人随便塞人给你,你怎么办?”<br />
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“我不要。”<br />
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“不要不行!”<br />
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“那我不干。”<br />
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“对了,就得这样。”<br />
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一老ー少,越谈越投机,彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处ー闪而过的那点 疑虑也完全打消了。<br />
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“我们这里可要冒点风险。”<br />
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“正因为这样オ要去,建设好了还去干什么?”<br />
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“你个人有什么要求?”<br />
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“只要求家属ー起去。”<br />
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“这个我们来办。”<br />
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两个月后,余昌民父亲去世,回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化,系里要留他。 企业管理系刚刚建立,工作需要,理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚 飞往蛇口,收不回来了。<br />
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1983年3月,袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客,系里派余昌民随行。系 领导的目的,是让校长对余昌民有个印象,说服他留下来,同时出面解决他家属的 户ロ问题。<br />
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谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口,袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有,余昌 民暗示要做刘达的工作。<br />
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余昌民再一次请求:“校长,让我来蛇口吧。”<br />
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“系里要我帮忙留你,我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。<br />
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袁庚一再要求支持:“刘达同志,把小余给我们吧,我们迫切需要企业管理的专 门人才。”<br />
<br />
刘达心动了。这位参加过“ー二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
<br />
回去后,余昌民给系里写了报告,对系里的教育培养表示感谢,说明清华企业 管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设,这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都 至关重要。<br />
<br />
问题迎刃而解。7月,夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。<br />
<br />
当余昌民到エ业区大楼报到的时候,在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉 着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口,边走边说:“你是研究企业管理的,你先熟悉ー 下情况,有把握了再谈工作……”<br />
<br />
袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信,其中有一段话:<br />
<br />
关于小余的事,同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失ー小余,无妨 大局,蛇口得之,如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下,エ业区将受其惠。<br />
<br />
重感情的刘达,把这封信送给了余昌民,让他留作永久的纪念。<br />
<br />
六、星期天的早晨<br />
<br />
星期天早晨8点钟,顾立基刚起床,洗了脸,正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同 学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的,大家都熬了夜,现在让他们多睡一会儿 吧。顾立基轻手轻脚,唯恐弄出一点声音来。<br />
<br />
“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗?”<br />
<br />
门外传来ー个声音。顾立基一看,走廊上站着ー个六十多岁的老人和一个 姑娘。<br />
<br />
“我就是顾立基,您是?”<br />
<br />
“我是袁庚,蛇口的袁庚〇”老人首先伸出手来,“这是我女儿尼亚,她不放心我 的身体,一定要陪我来,其实我的身体还可以。你看,骑了半小时车子,轻松愉快。”<br />
<br />
顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 他深受感动。<br />
<br />
“我们到楼下谈吧,同学们还在睡觉。”<br />
<br />
楼下有一张靠背长椅,三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨,不冷不热,阳光和煦, 轻风拂面,校园一片宁静的气氛。<br />
<br />
“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会?”<br />
<br />
“是的,现在会员有一千多人了,成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。”<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长?”<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊,”顾立基笑了, “我是说过想当厂长,为此还惹过ー些麻 烦呢。”<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦?”<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。”<br />
<br />
“岂有此理!想当个厂长是什么野心!’不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’,这 是拿破仑说的还是谁说的? 一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对!”<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的,但是我感到中国更需要管理人才,所以主动旁听了企业管理 系研究生的全部课程。”<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧,我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班,要培养大量的管理人才。”<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像,我的心就动了,只是还没下定决心。”<br />
<br />
“现在呢?”<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了,去蛇口。”<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗?”<br />
<br />
有什么困难? 1982年的初夏,社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的,有人在 报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界,影射特区有变成租界的危险,造成一股无形的压 力,因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些,可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的 人在ー起,冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去,下属工厂任他挑选,这 些,对他有一定的吸引力。他自从!967年中学毕业,1968年进上海印染机械修配 厂,十年中当过锅炉エ、车エ、錠エ、钳エ、电エ,当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不 惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为,1974年顾立基和他们争吵过ー 次,挨了批斗,却受到工人们的同情,和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要 毕业了 ,朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查,他是材料组的负责 人,如果不来上大学,早就走上领导岗位了,现在回去,工作安排是不成问题的。但 是,陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大,他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的 是,母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房,姐妹们都在外地,母亲 希望他留在身边,爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口,使他动了感情,他滔 滔不绝地发起议论来。<br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办ー个工业区 呢?为了在那块地方搞改革,搞全面的改革,从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度,都 要改,不改就没有出路。过去三十年,极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。 1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候,海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体,都是青年,他们为什 么要跑?因为我们穷!<br />
<br />
“’四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’,越搞跑的人越多。ー些村子的青壮年几乎跑 光了,真叫人欲哭无泪!蛇口对面就是香港的元朗,相隔只有6000米,晴天能看到 它的高楼,它就是在我们’十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了, 必须把经济搞上去,这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公 里,对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛,我们改革成功了,对全国就有很大 的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛,无伤大局。当然,我们一定要尽最大的 努力,争取成功,避免失败。我们这ー代人是老了,当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时 候,时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……”<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动,身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚,望 着自己的父亲,眼睛也有点热了……<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来,当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书,1984年4月被聘为 办公室主任。<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚,因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口,听说顾立基6日 ー早要去香港,5日晚我去登门拜访。<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告,我为 了听这个报告,推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的,谁都可以听,欢迎你去。”ー见面 顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗?”<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难,他在蛇口不会待太久,一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告, 你最好陪他回宿舍ーー他儿子的住处,或者宾馆,这样边走边谈,可以谈十来分 钟……”<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗?<br />
<br />
不管怎样,先听听他的报告再说吧。<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半,袁庚的报告准时开始。<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影,大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。 今天这个会也叫新闻发布会,街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂,基本上坐满 了,放眼望过去,都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。<br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上, 顾立基主持大会。<br />
<br />
ー开始,袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕,只讲个把钟头。”<br />
<br />
人们笑了,其实怕的是他讲得太短。<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问,历时23天,访问了 4个国家、16个公司、18个城市,从新加坡 开始,往西到英国,再到美国、日本,整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处,受到隆重的、 破格的接待,我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们 四个人,而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化,在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到 做蛇口人的光荣。”<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张,出国访问要花自己的钱,花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、 软弱的地位。这次出访,他们带了 20万美金的信用卡,足够用了,所到之处都坚持 这个原则,唯独在新加坡失灵了。那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系,但新加 坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检,从飞机场ー直送到最高级的香格里拉大 酒店,袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前,这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫 人;在他之后,住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨）,每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观 什么项目,全部满足要求。临走结账时,酒店经理说:“在你们到来之前,已经有人 付了全部费用。”<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁,英国老板们在海员罢エ浪潮的 冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们,给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深 刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说:“我们原打算3年之内种植 20万株月季,把蛇口建成玫瑰之城,现在看来太落后了……”<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国,主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡,大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔,华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民,交给他一把金钥匙。女 市长在宴会上说:“我是百分之百的中国人,也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说:“我 很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判,就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过, “在经济问题上,兄弟无情,六亲不认!何况是与外国人谈判「’<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前,有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过 的曲折。<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日,袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件,大家听了很高兴,但我们不要高兴得过早。不 要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了,但官僚主义、 红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事,还是有的。例如我们正在谈判 的浮法玻璃厂,到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃,为什么不准我们用 最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ?最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局 交涉。她们去的时候,人家一口答应,讲你们回去好了,但等我们企业室派人带合 同去盖章的时候,又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干,他们讲:‘你们派了记 者、作家来,我敢不答应吗?弄得不好,你们要写报告文学,写内参,我受得了 吗,？……”<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨,交涉了九个月,オ过了国内这ー关。<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判,当然不可能用这么长的时间,但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想 而知的。<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂,简直是一座玻璃城!它生产各式各样 的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃,用25磅大锤从20米外打去,地皮都震动了,玻璃却安 然无恙。我们和美国合资,投资ー亿美元,引进一座同样的エ厂,买他的专利,以后 我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点,集中在每年所付专利费 占销售总额的百分比上。<br />
<br />
美方要6%,我们还价4% 〇<br />
<br />
美方降到5%,我们加到4.5%。<br />
<br />
寸利必争,形成僵局。<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。<br />
<br />
“先生们,我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针,2000年前发明了火药,全人类 <br />
都在享受这些伟大的成果,可是他们从来没有要过什么专利,我们作为后代从来没 有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋,而是觉得光荣。请问各位,那时候你们的祖先在哪 里?恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前,是不是毛特别多……”<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前,一个个咧嘴笑了。<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕,我的意思不是不付专利费,而是要求公平合理r’<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格,坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们,说不 定会抗议呢!“你骂我们的祖先,是可忍,孰不可忍ド’<br />
<br />
终于达成协议:4.75%,为期!0年。<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进ー个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂,专利 费是5% ,时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处,绝不能走 美国的路!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退,エ业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走,他们还 有点生气,现在停滞不前了。<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方,转移到太平洋 沿岸。<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了,现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈,今天 下午四点半ー踏上蛇口码头,就感到无比的清新,感到ー草一木都非常亲切。<br />
<br />
“10月1日,蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话,那是大家的 功劳！<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的,思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上,我们ー定要 赶上和超过他们!”<br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时,宣布散会了,大家意犹未尽。<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了,我放弃了跟上去的打算。<br />
<br />
ハ、“搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
8月7日,袁庚开了一整天会,据说8日也不会有空,而9日ー早又要回香港 了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上,我给他写了一封信,说明这一次 如果不能和他交谈,我将等待,直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨,我把这封信 交给了エ业区党委副书记乔胜利,请他转交。<br />
<br />
8日上午,我到办公大楼访问王潮梁,两人刚坐下来,办公室副主任黄振超匆<br />
<br />
匆忙忙地叫我:“袁董回来了,快去见他!”<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉,说明另改时间,急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的,中间隔着大块的透明玻璃,老远就看 见了袁庚,他手里正拿着一大摞文件。<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候,黄振超在旁边向他说明:“只是见见面,不会占你很多 时间。”<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说:<br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的?来搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了,而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。我 知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。梁宪说过,前几年在北京开会,有一天袁庚 看了张洁的小说《爱,是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章,问他:“你认识这个作家 吗?咱们把她请到蛇口去!”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所 了解的,“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。<br />
<br />
我也笑着说:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋,要写你和蛇口。”<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下,舒服地往藤椅上一靠,摆出了准备 谈ー阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好,这里问题多得 很,改革每前进ー步都要经过斗争,到处充满着矛盾。”<br />
<br />
我说:“正是这一点吸引了我。”<br />
<br />
“ー个国家没有民主是不行的,而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。 我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国,政治家演说,群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿 扔他,他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的,但这ー套对巩固资产阶级的统 治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底,孙中山是 想搞民主的,他死得太早,没搞成。中华民族是伟大的,但是历史的包袱太重了。”<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿,她在美国学企业管理,谈起来也说:在 美国深有感慨,感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重〇<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族,就没有什么框框,我在报告会上也说了,他们的总督牌香烟广 告有一句口号是’想做就去做’,这句话香港也接受不了,译成’应做就去做’〇当 然,想干什么就干什么是不行的,但我们许多应干的事却干不成。”<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历,他扼要地做了回答,着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命” 中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时,这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来,<br />
<br />
微笑着站在那里不动,我知道是催他去开会,我们的谈话该结束了。<br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志,我们马上又赶到 太子宾馆,和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢,对监狱内外情形 都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说:<br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨,出来就蔦儿了,可是他不,他的劲头反而更大了。”<br />
<br />
我心里说:这オ是袁庚!<br />
<br />
过了几天,乔胜利对陈宜浩说:“袁董看了我的信,答应下次回来再和我谈。” 可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。<br />
<br />
8月25日上午,我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息,急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联 系。但是太迟了,他过了中午又要回香港,而上午的时间已经排满,就在和我通话 的时候,他不得不放下电话去开门。他说:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧,不要紧的,我们没有秘密。”<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访,ー时想不齐全,只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字, 他ーー做了回答:“这些也要发表吗?”我说:“不一定发表。”他说:“发表也没关系, 那天我讲话外国人也听了。”<br />
<br />
我说:“将来排出校样,送给你看看好吗?免得事实有出入。”<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查,出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的,难免出点差 错。捅点娄子也不要紧。”<br />
<br />
“好了,谢谢您。”<br />
<br />
“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。<br />
<br />
一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观,来到铝材厂门口时,他向学 员们介绍:这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人,23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起 来,大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停エ,ー个工人从高处摔下来受了伤,他的哥哥跑 过去看了看,见弟弟没有生命危险,便又回去干活了。<br />
<br />
袁庚说:“日本不富没有天理!中国改革不富也没有天理!”<br />
<br />
现在我想说:蛇口的改革不成功没有天理!<br />
<br />
九、大鹏魂<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚,魁梧、潇洒,兼有外交家和实业家的风度,具有一种吸引人的魅 カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢?<br />
拨开历史的迷雾,我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园,算 是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。<br />
<br />
1935年,他毕业于广州广雅中学,随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测 量员,他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校,陈济棠下台后,这家军校成了国民党中央军 校的分校。在学校里,袁庚是活跃的足球门将,练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕 业,他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官,ー个个腐化不堪,对民族危亡无动于衷,便愤 然回到故乡大鹏镇,担任第一小学校长,同时兼任地方自卫队教官。<br />
<br />
学校是国民党办的,自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的,但是学校和自卫队中都有 中共地下党员。<br />
<br />
戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚,在当地是ー个重要人物,三种政治力量对他都很 重视。<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文,和他住到ー起,亲自考察他。<br />
<br />
革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
<br />
1939年3月27日,袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党,从这ー 天起,他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。<br />
<br />
当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党 的漫画,刺痛了国民党区党部,他的处境变得危险了,党组织于!939年冬天把他转 移到党领导的抗日游击队,从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子, 像大鹏ー样展翅高飞了。<br />
<br />
抗日战争期间,美军作为盟军,在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组,担任东纵联 络处处长的袁庚,和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示,东纵和美 军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报,对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。<br />
<br />
日寇投降时,英军远在缅甸,ー个海军少将只率领ー营人乘航空母舰赶到香 港。他的兵力不足以维持治安,要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央,中 央复电:为了对付国民党的内战阴谋,坚决撤离港九地区;同时要求在香港设立联 络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判,袁庚不辱使命,漂亮地完成了任务,并成为驻 香港办事处的第一任主任,这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能 想到,历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折,二十多年后,这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。<br />
<br />
十、秦城监狱<br />
<br />
1968年4月6日,袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家,到机关去上班。北京的4月 初,春寒料峭,风沙迷眼,加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报,形成一片肃杀气氛,使袁 庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作,刚告一段落,还来不及喘口气, 就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息,他于愤 懑中保持着镇定。<br />
<br />
回到办公室不久,有人通知:“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门,看到 除部长之外,还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长,面孔板得像 ー座木雕。<br />
<br />
“袁庚,你被捕了!”<br />
<br />
下午,机关召开大会,部长在会上宣布:“袁庚是美国特务,已经依法逮捕。”袁 庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和 刘丹ー,互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周 总理安全的情景,记忆犹新,那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间,周旋于华侨社会 之中,眼睛熬红了,人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场,天理何在?!<br />
<br />
与此同时,汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中,勒令交出所有的钥匙,开始抄家。 翻箱倒柜,从下午抄到天黑,然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时,オ发现三个 孩子被关在门外不准进家,左邻右舍也不敢收留,孩子们在抹眼泪……<br />
<br />
从此以后,袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里,也不知是死是 活,到哪里打听都说不知道。!969年,汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校,孩 子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”,但作为“反革命家属”， 她只能干最脏最累的活,如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎,痛得胳膊抬 不起来,医生建议回北京治疗,干校就是不准。直到!972年初夏,她的大孩子中印 就要下乡插队了,她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服,打点行装,オ被批准。<br />
<br />
1972年7月,袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后,有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去 探监。“他还活着,他还活着!”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。<br />
<br />
汪宗谦心酸地发现,袁庚行走困难,说话声音也变了,而且他不知道当时是何 年何月！<br />
<br />
原来监狱里日夜亮着灯,犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替,失去了时间的概念;<br />
睡觉时只准脸朝外,一条腿总是压在下边,时间长了造成萎缩;长期不讲话,声带都 沙哑了。<br />
<br />
我曾经听说,袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西,只有放风时在天井里看到 墙根的小草。问他是不是这样,他说:<br />
<br />
“不,还有蚂蚁,我对蚂蚁很有研究。”<br />
<br />
这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量!<br />
<br />
汪宗谦见过了袁庚,就为救他而奔走了。<br />
<br />
“没见他不知道他死活,既然知道他还活着,我就怕他死了!问题还没搞清,死 了孩子们都得背黑锅呀!他住在楼上,要到楼下的天井放风,上下都很辛苦,我到 中央接待站去上访,请求把他搬到楼下来,这个要求被接受了。”<br />
<br />
袁庚搬到楼下的ー间房,发现席子底下有一团花白的头发,他判断这里关过ー 个五十多岁的女同志。后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事,王光美 说:“没错,正是我住过的那间房。”<br />
<br />
袁庚出狱,已是1973年9月30日,整整关了 5年半。<br />
<br />
在狱中,睡觉时只要一转身,看守就在外边敲门。夜晚,敲门声常常把人惊醒。 袁庚回到家里,刚一入睡就惊醒了,这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年,这种心悸 病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能,却用了更长的时间。每天,汪宗谦搀 着袁庚,ー步,ー步,慢慢地走,越走越远,越走越快,走了一年之久,两条腿オ恢复 了平衡。<br />
<br />
更可悲的是,有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子,出来不会走直路了,一走就 转圈,连马路也不能过。人啊,人！人的尊严到哪里去了！<br />
<br />
经过一年多的休养治疗,1975年,袁庚被分配到交通部,当了外事局副局长。<br />
<br />
ー恢复工作,袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体ー样活跃起来。<br />
<br />
恢复工作之前,袁庚骑自行车上街,总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道,“不能开 慢点吗” !恢复工作之后,自己也坐上了小汽车,有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了, “不能靠边骑吗” !他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化,在心里警告自己道: “可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀!”<br />
<br />
多年来,这成了他的一个信条。<br />
<br />
十ー、香港第一课<br />
<br />
1978年,做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚,以花甲之年改行搞经济,被派<br />
<br />
到香港招商局担任副董事长。<br />
<br />
招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日,招商局 香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱,从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。 历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长,所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。 从李鸿章算起,袁庚是第29任了。<br />
<br />
香港招商局在极'左‘思想影响之下,经营单一,困守一隅,搞了几十年没有什 么发展。袁庚到任,根据中央定下的“以航运为中心,立足港澳,背靠内地,面向海 外,多种经营,工商结合,买卖结合”的方针,以铁腕大力整顿。<br />
<br />
袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说:<br />
<br />
“我到香港的第一课,就是买了一座大楼,非常便宜,只花了 6180万（港币）。 第一次交订金时,支票2000万。那天是星期五,当时讲好下午2点钟,在ー个律师 楼里,大家一手交钱,一手交货。我们开了 2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的 对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里,发动机都没有停。ー上去之后,大 家一手交货,一手交钱,签字。签完字,对方拿着支票,两个人夹住,下去了。剩下 ー个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度,马上存到银行里去了。 因为明天是礼拜六了,人家银行关门,礼拜天也关门,假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前 不到银行去交那个支票的话,他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支 票交给他。我们的财务去了,他回来向我们报告,他说当时那个场面是很动人的。 当然,我们闭着眼睛也能想到,资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重 视,当时浮动利息是!4厘,三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志,那就 无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去,回家。他没有这个观念!这就是香港第一课。 我也不怕自惭形秽,ー窍不通,我接触经济工作,仅仅是5年多前开始的。但ー开 始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多!招商局的子公司多的是,ー检查,发现支 票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了 ,换了一个华东 财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后,我就给他讲这个道理,ー个礼拜之内他就能够接 受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事,立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后,财源 滚滚而来。……这个’时间就是金钱’,不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我,其实 这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’,它说得比我还 厉害,时间重于金钱!”<br />
<br />
招商局走上轨道,袁庚就考虑进ー步的发展了。1979年初,他和有关同志带 着在蛇口开发エ业区的蓝图,到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志 很感兴趣,当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给エ业区,袁庚还没有这个胆量,只要了<br />
<br />
2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候,袁庚心里默默 地说:<br />
<br />
“先念同志,签吧,您这ー笔下去,将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀!”<br />
<br />
十二、淸新<br />
<br />
1984年8月,蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅,迎面是ー架屏 风,正中间挂着一幅草书,苍劲流畅的书法,引人注目,细看那内容,更是气度非凡。 这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本,把它抄了下来。<br />
<br />
登微波楼<br />
<br />
微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
<br />
时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
<br />
宝安袁庚<br />
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我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
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我有同感。<br />
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蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
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六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
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晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
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啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
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十三、心血<br />
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清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
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ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
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1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
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这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
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施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
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午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
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下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
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厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
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的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
<br />
我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
<br />
我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
<br />
龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
<br />
“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
<br />
“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
<br />
“你有什么打算?”<br />
<br />
“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
<br />
“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
<br />
“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
<br />
在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
<br />
十五、激动的工程师<br />
<br />
7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
<br />
蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
<br />
边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
<br />
“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
<br />
的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
<br />
“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
<br />
46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
<br />
他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
<br />
王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
<br />
袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
<br />
管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
<br />
当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
<br />
“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
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“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
<br />
“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
<br />
“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
<br />
“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
<br />
“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
<br />
“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
<br />
“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
<br />
“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
<br />
了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
<br />
父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
<br />
“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
<br />
当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
<br />
“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
<br />
“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
<br />
“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
<br />
“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
<br />
第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
<br />
12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
<br />
1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
<br />
王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
<br />
“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
<br />
“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
<br />
“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
<br />
“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
<br />
“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
<br />
“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
<br />
“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
<br />
王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
<br />
十六、年轻的总经理<br />
<br />
一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
<br />
说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
<br />
“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
<br />
只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
<br />
她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
<br />
“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
<br />
“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
<br />
“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
<br />
“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=155351Report CN EN 032023-05-31T13:36:43Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：5.痴情 */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情==<br />
<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with long hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old, civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies were always covered; whereas in the West, people loved nudity, which seemed to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个一丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there was a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush and painting a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting was not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, had you ever thought that some of us would cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us would stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, would come like snowflakes. You might even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Were you fearless, or seized by a whim? You were out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he was painting.<br />
<br />
他站在一间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着ー支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着一张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stood in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looked disheveled, and his bosom was stained with different colors. His hair was long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there was a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exactly did you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it was today. The platforms were clean, the corridors were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the southern regions of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North...<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像ー块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and a black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with the excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man -- that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes..."<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me..."<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows--the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"A business trip? Or visiting family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student in Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone..."<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What..."<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break..."<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man."<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. Resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
"So I don't understand art..."<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多少欢聚与悲离的 故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉一线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小伙子,而是一个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
During the long journey, as the young people of the same generation, it was the fate to meet each other in this running train! In life, many stories of reunion and departure were drawn by the heavy line across the land! The girl was close to the small table by the window, resting her chin in the hand, listening to the young man talk, and watching his expression. It seemed that he was not a young guy, but a strong and confident man. Calculating his age, he was even a few years older than the girl. Why did he give that illusion before? Alas, the age of men was really hard to guess...<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为一个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是一个有抱负、有才华的人!”<br />
<br />
Out of the female’s sensitivity, the girl suddenly felt shy and embarrassed. The condescending arrogance that she had just showed was now reversed and replaced by her hazy admiration. The girl looked at the painter's dress again, and the non-matching colors of black and red were not so conspicuous. Although the painter's cotton jacket was still so black, the collar of the underwear was still so crooked, and the hair was still so disheveled, in the eyes of the girl, they all became the evidence that the young man was a bachelor who was immersed in art and had no time to take care of himself, which touched the girl's heart of compassion: "It seems that he is an ambitious and talented man!"<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
The painter took out his drawing board, spread the paper and said to the girl, "Please allow me to make a sketch of you."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
The girl nodded her head.<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简直像一个拙笨的新手。好半天,才抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
The painter drew very slowly, feeling ill at ease. The more he tried to draw well, the more nervous he became, and the brush was out of control. He was like a clumsy novice. After a long time, he apologized and said, "Sorry, I didn’t draw well..."<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来一看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会”了画家的灵犀。<br />
<br />
When the girl took it and looked, two red clouds rose on her cheeks. This sketch was not as good as the one of the mechanic, and those rigid lines were flaws of the work. To say it bluntly, she looked uglier in the painting than she really was. Is that what I look like? The girl had a reason to make a protest. However, she understood and forgave the painter with a sweet smile. Honestly, she didn't even want to see him too calm, too relaxed, like facing the model in the studio. The girl no longer regarded "resemblance in appearance" as so important, and she “understood tacitly” the painter's spirit.<br />
<br />
画纸的一角是签名和年月——袁运生,画于1964年2月。<br />
<br />
In one corner of the paper were the signature and date--Yuan Yunsheng, painted in February 1964.<br />
<br />
画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "Give it to you."<br />
<br />
姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
<br />
The girl said, "Thank you, I’ll keep it as a memory."<br />
<br />
“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信地址?”<br />
<br />
"You see, I was so careless that I forgot to ask your name." The painter said, "Could you write down your mailing address?"<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
<br />
The girl smiled: "My name is Zhang Lanying." And she wrote down the address on the painter's sketchbook.<br />
<br />
火车抵达浦口,他们已经像一对熟识的老朋友了。从一个艺术型的医学院学生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
<br />
When the train arrived in Pukou, they already looked like two old friends. Many common temperaments could be found between an artistic medical student and a serious artist. The passengers on the same train thought they had known each other for a long time and treated them as a couple, saying goodbye to them with the appellation of “you two”.<br />
<br />
画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空一样清澈,像江水一样深沉……<br />
<br />
The painter sent the girl to the shore of the Yangtze River, a wet wind blowing from the river. It was time to part, and both of them were reluctant to leave. Lanying looked at Yuan Yunsheng with the warm and fond gaze, and that means everything! As clear as the sky, as deep as the river...<br />
<br />
呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江交织起来的一见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
Heh! Pretty girl, you were too sentimental. Did you know him? The story of love at first sight, woven by the main Beijing-Pukou line and the winding Yangtze River, was too indiscreet.<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
<br />
The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River<br />
<br />
在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,一只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认真地涂抹着油彩,画出一个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
<br />
In the days of glorious morning light of the 1950s, a young boy's delicate hand, holding a paintbrush, was earnestly spreading the paint on the linen to draw a little girl with the same earnest expression, who was imitating her sister's movement, tying a bright red scarf around her neck.<br />
<br />
这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐一样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
<br />
This oil painting was sent from Nantong in Jiangsu Province to Beijing as an assignment for applying for the highest academy of arts, presenting the young painter’s sparkling artistic talent and a crystal-clear heart. The title was "Growing up to be like my sister", painted by Yuan Yunsheng.<br />
<br />
看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年除夕送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出一批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的艺术功底。<br />
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When looking at this oil painting, people might think that the painter had a soft and gentle femininity. In fact, he was just the opposite. He was stubborn and unrestrained, like a boisterous colt. His love of painting since childhood was mainly influenced by his father. His father worked in a middle school in Nantong. In his spare time, he enthusiastically collected various fine art works. Every year on the New Year’s Eve, they would bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new, and his father would always hang a number of new paintings on the wall, including Chinese and foreign ones, like a small exhibition, full of the atmosphere of the art salon. The paintings collected at home gave Yuan Yunsheng some enlightenment in art. When he got a little bit older, he went to the Cultural Center in Nantong to participate in activities, attend lectures, learn to sketch, and paint, laying the first foundation of art.<br />
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当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来一副犟脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
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When he applied to the Central Academy of Fine Arts, his father said with worry: "The boy was born with stubbornness, which makes us uneasy."<br />
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哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,一个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人 需要有个性。”<br />
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His brother Yuan Yunfu, who was also involved in fine art, kept cheering him on: "Go ahead. people involved in fine art needs to have a personality."<br />
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1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
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In the summer of 1955, the Central Academy of Fine Arts announced the admission of new students, Yuan Yansheng ranking the first.<br />
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如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画派。这是19世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画就像一部小说或一出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝圣者像请佛一样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
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If Yuan Yunsheng's work for the entrance examination could be classified as a certain school of art, it would be the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions. It was a progressive school of painting that emerged in Russia in the 19th century. It simulated life, emphasized themes, and focused on plot. A painting was like a novel or a play. It inherited Rembrandt’s tradition of realism and absorbed the Impressionism’s achievements in the use of light and color. After the October Revolution, it enjoyed the supreme position in the Soviet art circle and was invited to China by Chinese pilgrims, like inviting the Buddha. Of course, Yuan Yunsheng, only 17 years old, did not know the essence of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, let alone that the school of art was linked to the school of politics.<br />
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他像奔跑在艺术山野 里的小鹿,一头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
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Like a fawn running in the wilderness of art, he bumped into the arms of Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions.<br />
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袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身 好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件 和艺术才能的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖力气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严格的训练——<br />
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Yuan Yunsheng was highly regarded by the academy. He was born in a good family (it was rare to have such a family background at that time) and excelled in the examination. He sat in the first-year classroom with a nimbus of political condition and artistic talent hanging over his head. He was elected as the commissary of Communist Youth League in charge of organization, who was totally the epitome of a socialist-minded and professionally competent man. He was also a real hard worker, and was very stubborn, taking everything seriously. Under the guidance of Soviet-style teaching methods, he received strict training--<br />
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挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与被画者保持绝对的耐性 。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面”,画上一整天,只画了半个头像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履的中年人走过来,这是礼聘 来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供同学们观摩。<br />
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Choosing a HB pencil, and sharpening it, and sketching in front of male and female models. The models were recruited at a very high price, both nude and non-nude. Under certain lights, the painter and the object stayed absolutely patient. He sketched out the outline at first, figured out the “light and plane”, and then drew all day long, only to have half picture of the head; the next day, the same scene was repeated under the same conditions; then, a middle-aged man with a high nose and deep eyes, dressed in a suit, came over, who was an expert invited cordially. Whenever he passed behind Yuan Yunsheng, his face often showed a look of satisfaction. Yuan Yunsheng got five points for all his sketches and oil paintings, which were sometimes hung in the classroom or in the corridor for students to watch.<br />
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这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉柯夫教学体系。袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀——苏联在中国土地上开办的艺术工厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
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That year, a sketch and oil painting teaching conference of national fine art academies was held in Beijing to promote the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union. A half-length portrait of a Chinese woman painted by Yuan Yunsheng was shown off on the conference--a standard mode produced by the art factory of the Soviet Union in China.<br />
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苏联专家的宠儿 ,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
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He was the favorite of the Soviet experts, and the pride of the Oil Painting Department. He had a lot of success and a bright future. He immersed himself in the painting all day long, with his hand keeping waving, like a devout disciple prostrating himself before his art idol, and praying that his soul would ascend to the temple of art, seating on a throne surrounded by roses with a crown of pearls… It was the highest ideal for college students majoring in oil painting at that time.<br />
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但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
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But the naive faith was not solid, like an edifice built on a thin and narrow foundation, which could easily collapse. Once it was subverted, it could cause endless troubles.<br />
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苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便朝那里走去。他停在一帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来一阵电灼般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
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Distress had come to him, and he brought it upon himself. One morning, he heard that there was an exhibition of paintings being held in the hall, and went there. He stopped in front of a sequence of copies of the oil paintings, casting a calm glance upon it, and his whole body felt an electric sensation. His heart was shaking, and his blood was boiling.<br />
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这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风 的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的感情,像酒一样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
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These were the works of the European Post-Impressionist painter Van Gogh, with ordinary and simple images: fields, haystacks, a clock reflected by the setting sun, and sunflowers in clay pots. In addition, there were some portraits of ordinary people: postmen, miners, movers, and inmates who were released for yard time. In these unpretentious pictures, the author poured out the strongest feelings, as strong as wine, like a flame burning!<br />
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看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格 。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生——向日葵,仿佛摇身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探求……这哪里是绘画呀,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每一线条和每一色块都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
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Look, the jagged trees were rebellious. The undulating earth seemed to tell of suffering. The painter poured deep feelings into those ordinary people. The still-life painting--sunflowers, seemed to turn into a living thing, stretching out its jumble of tentacles to the frozen space, capturing, swaying, and indefatigably seeking... It was not a painting, but a call of the painter's life, a representation of his character! Every line and every color block were flowing, coming through invisible channels to clamp people, annihilate them to a great vortex of emotion...<br />
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袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被一支锐利的艺术之箭射穿了。<br />
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Yuan Yunsheng walked out of the hall, with his legs wobbling, as if he was drunk, was hurt. His heart was pierced by a sharp arrow of art.<br />
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他回到宿舍,一头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高才生转瞬间变成西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
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He went back to the dormitory and threw himself onto the bed. It was ironic that a top student of the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union became a captive of the Western European Post-Impressionism in an instant.<br />
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宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地问:“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
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When the door of the dormitory opened, his roommate came in. Seeing him pale and tired, he asked in surprise, "Yunsheng, what happened to you?"<br />
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“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
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"I went to see an exhibition of Van Gogh's paintings." Yuan Yunsheng sat up in bed and said, "I've never been so excited by the works of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions..."<br />
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他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的基础。有这个就够了。下一步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚 。<br />
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He expressed his thoughts. In his opinion, the merit of Soviet painting theory lied in the emphasis on placing the object under certain light, observing the levels and hues with a subtle look, and tracing it carefully, which was the basis of all paintings. It was enough. The next step was to break free and move forward, not to limit themselves.<br />
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他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧上了天 ,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在干着什么蠢事呀? ……<br />
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He was right. Throughout the history of art, each school had its own process of formation, development, vicissitudes, and ups and downs. The Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions deserved its place in the art circle without dispute. But once it was praised to the skies, and promoted by administrative means, it would be counterproductive and bring suffocating disaster to the art. In fact, in the 1950s, painters all over the world, including Soviet painters, were running, exploring and innovating. And how stupid we were! ...<br />
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袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
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Yuan Yunsheng said excitedly: "We follow behind them and pick up what they have thrown away!"<br />
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好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,一个几亿人的社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎。<br />
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His good friends were familiar with his character and sympathized with his comments, but they worried about him. At that time, a society of hundreds of millions of people prostrated itself before Soviet idols, and his words were tantamount to a form of blasphemy.<br />
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从那以后,他变得不大安分 了, 一头温驯的伏尔加式的小鹿,现出烈性马驹的本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标。<br />
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From then on, he became rebel. A tame fawn, like the one on the Volga car, showed the true colors of a boisterous colt. In addition to completing the homework as usual, he improvised with mixed painting techniques, as if he was pursuing an ethereal goal.<br />
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目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
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The goal was finally found, unexpectedly close at hand.<br />
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从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭一张学生证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹…… <br />
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From the Shuaifuyuan where the Central Academy of Fine Arts was located, crossing the big roundabout between Wangfujing and Bamiancao, the Donghua Gate of the National Palace Museum was about a mile away. At that time, students from the Academy of Fine Arts enjoyed a special privilege. They could freely enter the imperial garden of ancient Chinese art with only a student ID card. Here he saw Chen Laolian’s “Bogu Yezi (A kind of card played while drinking in ancient China)” in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan’s “Qingming Shanghe Tu (Along the River During the Qingming Festival)” in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a large number of authentic works of famous painters of the Tang Dynasty…<br />
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他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
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His favorite work was the "Luo Shen Fu (The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River)" by Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.<br />
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长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象力!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人,栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱翔……<br />
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Long scroll, romantic conception, how imaginative! The landscape was peaceful and spacious, with quiet and wonderful rivers and mountains; the figures were lifelike, dancing in the air. Was the resemblance in appearance? Was the resemblance in spirit? Between likeness and unlikeness, that was the author's mind soaring…<br />
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他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条表现出高超的魅力。<br />
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He put his eyes close to the scroll. The brush strokes, appearing ageless for thousands of years, like the spring silkworms spinning fine and exquisite silk, drew freely. He thought of the Soviet oil painting theory that denied the existence of lines. But in Chinese painting, the general and terse lines showed the high charm.<br />
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站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他的思绪如抛出的一缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
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Standing in this ancient resplendent hall, a long flowing river of art swept passed by before his eyes, and his thoughts stretched out like a wisp of gossamer. If we compared the fashionable Western art and the ancient Oriental art to two poles, there seemed to be something between the two poles that was closely related. Oh, he understood. When we got into a mut, ignored what was near and seek what was far away, those elves and devils of abstractionism, fauvism, modernism and futurism quietly got essence and extracted nutrients from the Oriental art to strengthen their bodies. That was the secret.<br />
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祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
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Motherland, your art is not water, not wine, not milk, but the magical royal jelly!<br />
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虎丘<br />
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Huqiu<br />
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兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
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After parting with the painter in Pukou, Lanying returned to school in Suzhou. In the blink of an eye, it was March. With spring breeze and newly sprouted willow trees, the town of flowing water under bridges liked a young girl, who was unveiled, affectionate with a lot of charm. <br />
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姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
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The girl's state of mind was also bright like waking spring.<br />
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她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认识一下,如果手头有照片,请寄来一张。<br />
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She received the painter’s letter from Nantong. The style of writing was free and easy. In the girl’s words: "The level is quite high!" The letter recalled the unforgettable scene on the train and expressed his feelings of missing her. He also said that his parents and brothers would like to get to know the girl, and if she had photos, please sent one.<br />
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兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选一张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息一样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
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Lanying opened the photo album without hesitation, selected a small photo, attached a short reply, and sent it to Nantong. This small act contained an unusual meaning, just like the shortest electromagnetic microwave can transmit significant information, it clearly expressed: the girl agreed to be his girlfriend.<br />
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兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
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Lanying's upbringing conditioned her to making her own decisions. She was born in Shandong province and grew up in the regions south of the Yangtze River. After her parents died, she moved with the troops from childhood. Wherever she went, it was her home, and she developed the ability to live independently. Over the years, she always received the warmth from the group and her female companions, but was never constrained. Perhaps she was a bit spoiled and coaxed by others, which made her form a stubborn personality.<br />
<br />
此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,一见钟情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
<br />
At the moment, she had a novel feeling that she was happier than the people around her. Because she had a right man in her heart, who affected her emotions. She silently enjoyed the secret pleasure of the young girl in love for the first time. She even imagined that once the secret was revealed, how surprised and envious her female companions would be! In their minds, her vison was very high. She was great looking and came from a privileged background. No male classmates dared to develop a relationship with her. It was not easy to take her fancy. It was done so artfully, neither by her parents’ choice, nor by the match-maker’s recommendation. She met him on a trip, and fell in love at first sight, bringing everything lime a whirlwind, so that the girl was full of desire for a better life. It was really romantic! So, she wove the future scenarios with sweet silk, anxiously waiting for the response from Nantong. Did he receive her letter? Would the painter's parents comment her when looking at her photo? Was she too pretty, or not enough? Alas! It was really hard to guess… The girl's heart was like the weather in the south of the Yangtze River in March. The temperature and weather changed abruptly.<br />
<br />
学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
<br />
The school was preparing for the Women's Day celebration. Lanying was the commissary in charge of entertainment of the class, a major role that bore a heavy burden of responsibility. The time passed quickly as she arranged the programs, made a blackboard newspaper, and decorated the venue.<br />
<br />
“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄起话筒,一惊一喜——那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
<br />
On Woman’s Day, the curtain was opened, and everyone was watching the stage. Suddenly someone called Lanying to answer the phone. She took up the microphone, and was surprised and delighted -- it was the painter calling from the school's reception office.<br />
<br />
兰英极力掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,一阵风似的跑到学校的门口。<br />
<br />
Lanying tried to hide his excitement, turned to the students, vaguely explained a few words, and ran to the school gate like a gust of wind.<br />
<br />
画家站在那里,手中照例拿着一个速写本。<br />
<br />
The painter stood there, holding a sketchbook in his hand as usual.<br />
<br />
“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I just got off the train. I was passing through here after the home leave." The painter said.<br />
<br />
“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
<br />
"Please come in, do you … want to draw some sketches for our celebration?"<br />
<br />
“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……” <br />
<br />
"Not going in. I'd like to invite you out for a walk…"<br />
<br />
兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意味着向人生的一个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
<br />
Lanying hesitated for a moment. She was willing to accept the request, but also felt embarrassed. Since she entered the period of youth and became mature, Lanying spent this day with her female companions every year. Today she was going to leave her group, which meant saying goodbye to a stage of life. She thought about the discipline of the school, the opinion of classmates...<br />
<br />
“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
<br />
"Where are we going?" Lanying asked shyly.<br />
<br />
“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
<br />
"Huqiu." The painter's expression did not change.<br />
<br />
当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
<br />
When they got off the bus and stood at the foot of Huqiu Hill, the girl's uneasy heart was quieted down and relaxed. <br />
<br />
和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深”。沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
<br />
Compared with the small gardens in Suzhou City, Huqiu was a broad and quiet place to visit. The first two lines of Bai Juyi's poem on Huqiu were " The temple doesn't look far away, but it's very deep in the garden.” Walking along the stone path to the garden, there were many pines and cypresses, clear and blue sword pool, thick and tall groves of bamboo hiding the buildings and pavilions on the hillside: Temple of Chloris, Three Smiles pavilion... Walking deeper and there was more quiet, like walking into a sweet dream.<br />
<br />
这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在一起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
<br />
It was the first time Lanying had been alone with a man. There were mysterious waves in the girl’s heart. She felt that she had a lot to say to the painter, but she didn't know where to start.<br />
<br />
“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
<br />
"Have you received the photo?" The girl asked.<br />
<br />
“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
<br />
"I received. My family saw it and they all like you." The painter said.<br />
<br />
可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术。他对这一带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而倾倒。<br />
<br />
But the painter soon changed the subject. He commented on the local customs and culture of Suzhou and introduced the plastic art of the regions south of the Yangtze River. He seemed to be familiar with the area and knew a lot of anecdotes. The girl listened to him with great interest and was overwhelmed with admiration by the painter's profound knowledge.<br />
<br />
前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去 ,仿佛在祝福这一对美好的情侣。突然,一股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
<br />
Huqiu Pagoda was just ahead. The towering spire thrust into the blue sky and white clouds, magnificent and magical. Lanying and the painter ran towards the top of the hill with excitement. The painter stretched out his strong arm to support the girl. They were so close to each other, feeling the heat of each other's breath and heart beating. Pines, cypresses, and bamboo forests swayed backwards, as if they were blessing the wonderful couple. Suddenly, with a blazing feeling, they both stopped at the same time.<br />
<br />
这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰一样醉红,双唇像微微绽开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己一样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后一瞬……<br />
<br />
Here was surrounded by hills and trees, empty and silent. The painter stared at the girl with a frank and honest look; Lanying closed her eyes happily, ready to receive a baptism of love that would never be forgotten. The golden sunlight, through the branches of the trees, cast waving shadows on the girl’s face. Her cheeks were as red as roses, and her lips were like slightly blooming petals, more beautiful than usual. What a pure girl. Opening the window of her heart, there wasn’t any trace of dust and impurities. Although it was her second meeting with the painter, she trusted him and life as she trusted herself. Hold her tight, kiss her with fervor. She would be yours forever, from now until the last moment of your life…<br />
<br />
“兰英,我要告诉你一件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是‘右派’！”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I’ll tell you something." What she heard at this moment was the painter’s calm voice, “The first time was too late and the second time is not too late. I was classed as a 'rightist' when I was in college. Really, it was the 'rightist'!”<br />
<br />
霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
<br />
All of a sudden, the hills and trees, the ancient pagoda, were frozen in a deathly silence…<br />
<br />
孤岛上<br />
On a Lonely Island<br />
<br />
到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。1957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
<br />
Have you ever been to an island of the sea? The water and sky seemed to be mixed up together. The clouds came and went, and tide rose and fell. The island was a poem, a fresh and meaningful poem. At the turn of spring and summer in 1957, Yuan Yunsheng was in a poetic environment.<br />
<br />
他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
<br />
He went deep into the life on the island and practice drawing from nature. The Central Academy of Fine Arts required that second-year students had a two-month internship course; before the summer vacation, students went to different parts of the country. He and another student were the only ones who participated in the trip to the island. It was located on the shore of the Yellow Sea. There were only troops on the island, and no residents for miles around. The island provided him with a fortunate environment, getting away from the noise and disputes of the human world, and escaping the violent turmoil that happened in the mainland.<br />
<br />
小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体 ,心情是焦渴的。当蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
<br />
People on the island were closest to nature. Every morning, carrying the paint box on his back, he wandered on the beach covered with light yellow gravel and welcomed the first ray of happy sunshine. At the age of only eighteen, Yuan Yunsheng had already stood out from the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions and became a hazy composite of Chinese Classicism Painting and Western Modernism Painting, who was anxious. The blue sea sprinkled ten thousand golden stars and the sunglow filled his heart with brilliant colors. It was the moment when the young artist's life was burning. He hurriedly opened the paint box, spread the canvas and accepted the generous offer of nature.<br />
<br />
小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左右,才有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
<br />
The island was simple. Politics was proportional to the population, and there were less political topics here. Only a barge arrived to deliver newspapers and mail every ten days or so. While he and his companion were eating, they hastily opened the newspapers and skim through them. He was curious about the articles that appeared in the newspaper:<br />
<br />
“北京在鸣放 了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好啦……”<br />
<br />
"Beijing is allowing the people to express the views now. This article is interesting. This opinion should be adopted. Changing it like this will be good…"<br />
<br />
他看完报纸一扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块和线条的运用。<br />
<br />
He threw the newspaper away after reading it and then forgot about it. He did not care about anything else except painting. His road of life was bright, full of sunshine, with no clouds hanging over him and nothing to worry about. All he cared about was the use of light, color blocks and lines.<br />
<br />
年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队的宣传干事带到一间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
<br />
The only political question the young artist faced was raised by the local soldiers. One day, he was taken to a humble shed by a publicity officer of the troops, and a pair of trusting eyes were cast upon him.<br />
<br />
“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, you have asked to go to another island to paint, right?"<br />
<br />
“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
<br />
"Yes, we want to go there."<br />
<br />
“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
<br />
"The troops have studied it. You can go, but your classmate stays."<br />
<br />
“为什么?”<br />
<br />
"Why?"<br />
<br />
“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查 。你们学校填写了两份材料,你的情况单纯 。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
<br />
"A permanent military project is being built on the island. Those who go there have to pass a political vetting. Your college filled out two documents, and your background is simple. Your classmate can't go, mainly because of family problems…"<br />
<br />
袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是一种荣幸,既然生活当中存在这样一些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng frowned. It was an honor to be invited alone. Since there were such rules in life, he went to there alone and no one could blame it. But it brought him more trouble than excitement. He knew his classmates. They were all members of the Communist Youth League and were the backbone of the students. Why should they be distinguished? With his artistic way of thinking, he decided that it was a proposition of conscience and friendship.<br />
<br />
“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
<br />
"Hey, I got it." He went back to the dorm and said to his companion, "The island is building fortifications, drilling and blasting, filled with smoke. There is nothing to paint. We've been out for a long time, let's just go back to the college!"<br />
<br />
不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大 登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活见鬼 !中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
<br />
Soon, he and his classmate crossed the sea and landed at Lvda City. The cool sea breeze blew against the beautiful city, arousing the interest of sightseeing. They wandered the streets. The scenery was charming, the buildings were quirky and everywhere was full of Russian atmosphere. When Yuan looked up at the signposts, which wrote the street names like “Makarov”, he complained: "Damn it! Why does the street of Chinese city have to be named after a Russian general? What a bummer…" A few days later, they stood in the blue harbor, casting a last glance at the ocean waves, and turned around to set foot on the way back.<br />
<br />
不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
<br />
He didn’t expect that it was a farewell to the blue life.<br />
<br />
北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷 ,使海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头 ,有碍“百花齐放”。袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
<br />
Beijing had changed. Returning from the island, he was amazed by the swift counterattack, the overwhelming criticism, and the petals scattered on the ground in the campus. What puzzled him most was the situation of Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the academy. He heard that the secretary of the Party Committee made a mistake because he advocated the revolutionary school of painting too far, which hindered "all flowers blooming together". Yuan Yunsheng really didn’t understand what the “revolutionary school of painting” had to do with the “rightist”.<br />
<br />
袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? 一连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng hid in the dormitory, immersing himself in gathering up his sketches. Perhaps, he was safe. He advocated inheriting ancient Chinese art and drawing on western modern art, which should be conducive to the "blooming of a hundred flowers". How could he not be safe. For several days, he chased the white clouds, waves and seagulls, lost in the memories of his trip to the sea…<br />
<br />
有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像一个漏了税的走私犯接受审讯。<br />
<br />
One day, he was suddenly called to the classroom and stood in front of the people, like a smuggler being tried for tax evasion.<br />
<br />
摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名——“反苏” 。 <br />
<br />
He was faced with a host of problems: deviant views in art, sympathetic remarks to the "rightist", "poisoning" on the island and in Lvda, and a terrible accusation throughout it -- "anti-Soviet".<br />
<br />
究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐 ,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
<br />
The answer to who denounced him could be found by using elementary mathematics, but it was meaningless. Since he had thought so, and said, he said bluntly to anyone, with an honest heart.<br />
<br />
他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他一挥手:“请你到外面等一会儿。”<br />
<br />
He racked his brain to repeat what he had said, and the presenter waved to him: "Please wait outside for a moment."<br />
<br />
他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听见屋里在争论。<br />
<br />
He left the classroom and stood in the corridor, feeling relieved and comfortable. The corridor was only one door away from the classroom, and he heard an argument in the room.<br />
<br />
有人说:“够了……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "That's enough…”<br />
<br />
有人说:“还不够……”<br />
<br />
Someone said: "Not enough...”<br />
<br />
有人说:“态度还好……”<br />
<br />
Someone said, "The attitude is not bad…"<br />
<br />
他的好友在替他争辩,另一些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
<br />
His best friends were arguing for him, and others were insisting on something, which sounded interesting. Then there was silence… Then, he was called back to the classroom.<br />
<br />
“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
<br />
"Yuan, after research, you've been classified as a 'rightist'!"<br />
<br />
政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色——红与黑。点朱泼墨,二者居其一,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不同,观点对立,照样用黑笔一勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
<br />
The oil painting box of the political movement had only two colors--red and black, which was different from the oil painting box of the artist. The only way to choose between cinnabar and ink was to rely on fortune-telling. He and Jiang Feng, the secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, were of different ages, different background colors, and opposing views, but they were both outlined by black brushs with the same destination and the painting procedures were highly simplified.<br />
<br />
晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
<br />
In the evening, he rode the bike to Baijiazhuang, where his brother Yuan Yunfu lived. He rocked back in the sofa: "I am."<br />
<br />
哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
<br />
His brother smiled and asked, "What are you?"<br />
<br />
“我是’右派’了。”<br />
<br />
"I'm a 'rightist' now."<br />
<br />
“呵?”哥哥大吃一惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
<br />
"Huh?" His brother was astonished, "What mistake did you make?"<br />
<br />
“我没犯错误。”<br />
<br />
"I didn't make a mistake."<br />
<br />
“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
<br />
"Then why are you classified as a 'rightist'?"<br />
<br />
“他们说我是,就是啰 。”<br />
<br />
"They said I am. So I am."<br />
<br />
“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
<br />
"No! No!" His brother was trembling.<br />
<br />
“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
<br />
"What’s wrong with that?" He said evenly, "I still paint, still go to school, still engage in arts."<br />
<br />
他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山造湖,兴修水库,一颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地指挥部,请求一边干活一边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人来访。<br />
<br />
He really did not know pain yet. Soon after, hundreds of thousands of people in the capital swarmed to the out to the suburbs to move mountains and create lakes and build reservoirs in the gorge of the Ming Tombs, and a naive heart was touched. He thought how good it would be to see so many people working together to do one thing. He took his oil painting box and rode more than one hundred miles by bike to the construction headquarters, asking to be able to work and spent the spare time painting. They refused, explaining that according to the regulations, they would not accept personal visits.<br />
<br />
又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他一个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
<br />
Shortly afterwards, he went into the construction site by bus with a large group of people from the Central Academy of Fine Arts. How excited he was! He did as much work alone as several men together, carrying six baskets for holding earth on one pole, and running fast on the rugged mountain road. At noon, when others took a nap, he held his painting clipboard and went to the mountain to paint under the scorching sun. Until he was exhausted and staggered back to the shed, he still didn’t feel bitter. Because it was her own choice. He was motivated by the boiling life and generously gave his energy, feeling that it was a great pleasure.<br />
<br />
可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成呵斥的嗓门,一张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了——仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
<br />
But the atmosphere in the shed had changed. The students gathered around him, pointing at him, and saying that he was disobedient, did not accept reform, and should not paint any more… He was stunned. He didn’t know that it was a criticism meeting, and he didn’t understand what they said. He only felt that familiar eyes became harsh eyes, intimate expressions became indifferent expressions, and peaceful voices became scolding voices. Their mouths were moving, and hands were shaking. Suddenly he understood--just one thing: he was different from others!<br />
<br />
他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
<br />
He opened his bloodshot eyes wide, wriggled his dry lips, and fell down with his hands on his head.<br />
<br />
过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
<br />
Because of overwork and mental simulation, he contracted serious dysentery. The illness dragged on from summer to winter, and later he was sent to an unheated hut at college.<br />
<br />
小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活 ,学校当局不再放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他才感到了痛苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出一串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
<br />
The hut was cold and damp, where dripping water could freeze. His body was hot with a high fever. College authorities no longer concerned about his condition. A year ago, he was the pride of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, who became an abandoned orphan now. He felt the pain, the pain of being strangled in art, exceeding the physical pain, like being pushed into a terrible hell. No! In the spiritual realm of art, there was only heaven, not hell. He was forced to learn to be inferior, but he could never learn it. In a coma, cluttered thoughts were flashing, as if he was flying after the seagulls, and dancing with the Goddess of the Luo River. He tossed and turned and struggled, with a series of moans, as if not willing to sink, but to climb out of the dark hell…<br />
<br />
屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
<br />
A faint white light came through the door and he heard the sound of footsteps. Looking there attentively, he found that his friend stood in front of the bed, casting sympathetic and concerned eyes at him.<br />
<br />
他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是一种负担。我需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
<br />
He sat up quickly: "Please don't come to see me again. I understand that it is a burden for others to be close to me. I need friendship, but not pity. What I need now is solitude, solitude, let me be alone!"<br />
<br />
新月<br />
<br />
The Crescent Moon<br />
<br />
夕阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野 闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对青年男女。<br />
<br />
The setting sun cast a golden glow on Huqiu and fell on the other side of the hill. The clear and quiet lights shimmered on the hill, which was connected to the transparent dusk, reflecting the stately profile of the millennium pagoda, like a contemplative old man overlooking a young couple in the hill.<br />
<br />
这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们一页一页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像一阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只残忍的巨手一挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择 。<br />
<br />
This moment was long enough for Lanying. There were tragedies and comedies in love stories that had been passed down through the ages, attracting people to read them page by page. However, the second page of Lanying's story was unbearable. The tender feelings of a girl who was in her first love: happiness, novelty, joy… For an instant they vanished like a gust of wind, as if with the wave of a cruel hand, everything sank, everything disappeared, and a problem was put before the girl, severe, cold, and emotionless, turning the sweet assignment into a cold choice of stakes.<br />
<br />
在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的一群 ,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以“杀气腾腾”“煽风点火 ”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁愿与鬼蜮联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
<br />
In those years, in this land, as long as people mentioned the "rightist", a bunch of greys flashed before their eyes, like shadows, like ghosts, as if they killed a man, commit arson, or poison something. It seemed that they were all charged with “murder”, “fanning the flames”, “drug trafficking” and so on. Their souls were sentenced to death, leaving only soulless shells of bodies. The shell, could breathe but could not speak, and must work but could not harvest. The only tolerance that society gave them was to give them more time than convicts sentenced to death, turning their shells into mud. Who would want to be married to a ghost? Who wanted to be with a zombie? Lanying faced such a choice.<br />
<br />
在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每一个姑娘都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵——询问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,工资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称一称。爱情的内容转变了,转变为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义 。<br />
<br />
In an environment where marriage and politics were tied together, every girl had to make considerations, either to enjoy honor, or to have misfortunes with her husband. <br />
Under the same dusk, how many girls in the world were considering it -- asking the man’s family background, political affiliation, education background, job, salary, rank… asking his direct value and everything indirectly translated into value, and then weighing them on the balance of love. The content of love had been transformed into the process of exchange of commodities, which gradually became common and natural.<br />
<br />
兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算 。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
<br />
Lanying had more rights to make her own decisions. She was receiving higher education. She would be a nurse in the future, whose had blood of martyrs in her veins. The organization was considering her to join the Communist Party of China. She was as proud as a daughter of an eminent family, as beautiful as Snow White… Every intersection of life would provide the green light for her. with sons from aristocratic families for her to choose and high position and great wealth to enjoy. But life seemed to play ticks on her. It was the black devil who came to her side, not the angel of love. It was not late to break off the relationship with him at once, and there was no obligation on conscience and morality.<br />
<br />
兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越 ,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气 。因此,她还不懂得利害。<br />
<br />
Lanying lost in painful thought. She was in a privileged situation and had pure experiences, remaining unspotted from the world. Therefore, she did not understand the stakes.<br />
<br />
政治运动对姑娘来说,像一场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些“右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她还时常听到这样的告诫:有才华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不断得到强化。<br />
<br />
The political movement was like a vague dream for the girl. In 1957, she was an innocent girl studying in middle school. She took part in the denunciation, with her mouth, with her pen, with her outraged feeling. The war was over before she could see the enemies clearly. She only saw the backs of the prisoners. Later, when the girl was a little older, whenever she heard that someone was a "rightist", she could not help but look at him with curiosity. She saw that most of the "rightists" were scholars, professors, artists, writers, business backbone , celebrities and so on. She also often heard the admonition: talented people often had strong personalities; people with strong personalities often suffered setbacks. The direct and converse theorem of real life had been repeated in various tones, and the girl’s impression of it was constantly reinforced.<br />
<br />
抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的嘲讽。<br />
<br />
The abstract concept of friend or foe formed a concrete conclusion in the girl's mind, which was a sad mockery of the solemn political movement.<br />
<br />
眼前的画家又是一个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离经叛道的歧路 ,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为政治问题?为什么要让一个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的才华……什么是才华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下一颗蓝色的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
<br />
The painter before her was another example. Because the painter opposed the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, he was declared to be on an unorthodox and evil path and was sentenced to death in politics. The girl could not understand why the issue of art had to be turned into a political issue? Why should a Chinese hot-blooded young man be sacrificed to a foreign altar as a lamb to be slaughtered? Wasn't it ludicrous? Such a ludicrous thing actually happened. Perhaps, it further proved that the painter was not a meek lamb, but a fearful calf, attracting jealousy from others. It further proved the painter’s courage and insight, indomitable nature and precious talent… What was talent? For the simplehearted girl, it was the light of life, the garland of youth, the transcendence of ignorance, the sublimation of knowledge. It made money and wealth eclipsed, made gain, lose, fame and bad reputation ruin and loss become a passing cloud, like a bright horizon that divided the clear sky and turbid earth. Foolish girls liked to adorn themselves with jewels, but noble girls were full of spiritual aspirations. She was willing to pick a blue star and set it on the heart of love... Lanying broke the silence and said to the painter in a deep voice: "Don't mention those things of your past to me again. I don't think you've made a mistake…"<br />
<br />
画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子 ,也是有限的宽恕,一切还同过去一样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "But everyone else thinks so. Even if they took the hat off, the forgiveness would be limited, and everything would be the same as before. You can't associate with people like me. You must consider the consequences."<br />
<br />
“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
<br />
"I don't care about the consequences. No matter what other people think, I trust my instincts."<br />
<br />
“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
<br />
"What are your instincts?"<br />
<br />
“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
<br />
"My instinct is that you are talented!"<br />
<br />
这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激动的光辉:“世上有才华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
<br />
It was the highest praise for an "enemy of society”. Her tone showed a significant preference, which should bring enough relief to the painter. But the painter stood there with a stoney expression. The radiance of excitement in his gaze was worn away: "There are many talented people in the world, including glorious victors and miserable losers. Why do you prefer me? You’ll regret it in the future…"<br />
<br />
难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把才华糟蹋得像一块抹布的年月里,这句话,他不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子无才便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,才华再也不是令知识分子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
<br />
No wonder the painter reacted indifferently. It was not the first time he had heard the phrase in the years when his talent was ruined like a rag. Anyone could give it to him. Beneath the hypocritical compliment was a deliberate mockery. "A woman without talent is virtuous", now also applied to men. Even if he was trampled underfoot, mercilessly flogged, covering with cuts and bruises, they could pat him on the shoulder and told him to get up and go to work. At that time, talent was no longer a flower that made intellectuals have smug feelings, but a bitter medicine that touched their feelings of sorrow.<br />
<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
<br />
Lanying’s and the painter's eyes met. The painter's eyes, probing and frank, with a deep flame of self-esteem and some expectations, shot all the way to the girl's heart. Lanying could not resist this stare that could penetrate through everything, and her heart was shivering…<br />
<br />
兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费力气地获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被搞得阴阳颠倒！一时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到一颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙一样晶莹闪烁。<br />
<br />
Lanying suddenly remembered that it was her second meeting with the painter, in this quiet mountain forest, a secluded valley far away from the city. Wasn't today Women's Day? Ordinarily, he could easily win the girl’s heart with his gentleness and gallantry. However, he brought frustration, which couldn’t wait to broke the girl's calm. He said the truth, revealed the hidden pain, casting ominous clouds. He knew that it could cause irreversible consequences, but insisted on doing it. What exactly was it for? How upright and poised he was! Why was such a person said to be a terrible devil? The vanished soul? Life was so unfair! Honesty for disaster, cunning for glory, how much right and wrong in the world had been turned upside down! For a moment, Lanying felt that the ravine, valley and river in front of her had been filled in. Through the evening mist, she saw a sincere heart, glittering and shining like agates.<br />
<br />
兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
<br />
Lanying said excitedly, "I decided."<br />
<br />
画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
<br />
The painter asked, "You love me?"<br />
<br />
“喜欢。”<br />
<br />
"Yes."<br />
<br />
“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
<br />
"What do I have to be loved?"<br />
<br />
“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
<br />
"Because you are honest, and love needs honesty."<br />
<br />
画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝 里滚动。<br />
<br />
The painter's whole body shocked, and he threw himself on the girl and buried his head in her arms. In one moment, the strong man turned into a child that curled up, with tears welling up in his eyes.<br />
<br />
一弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
<br />
A crescent moon rose. The ancient pagoda was solemn, and the bamboo forest whispered. The bright silver light shined on the girl, who was like a silver statue of goddess.<br />
<br />
画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
<br />
The painter was like embracing a treasure that he never wanted to lose. For many years, he lived and behaved with integrity, and infatuated with art. But no one had ever given such an evaluation on him. Today, the girl judged his conscience, filling his lonely heart with light. He was satisfied and relieved, feeling that he got the greatest reward for the hardship he had suffered for years…<br />
<br />
双桥<br />
<br />
Shuangqiao<br />
<br />
当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢——充当囚犯, 颠沛流离 ,饱尝辛酸……<br />
<br />
Contemporary artists have great passion to pursue their own artistic styles, and those who had suffered misfortune had unique styles that could not be replaced by others. Who wants to repeat their experience--to be a prisoner, to wander, to endure all kinds of hardships…<br />
<br />
翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
<br />
Open Repin’s collection, and look at ''Barge Haulers on the Volga''.<br />
<br />
我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石磙,弓着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下一闪一闪。<br />
<br />
There is a picture similar to ''Barge Haulers on the Volga'' before us, a living picture. The sun was hot, and the air was burning. On the golden wheat field, a young man pulled a stone roller with the posture of the barge hauler on the Volga. He bowed, head down, with a rope trip on his shoulder, hands almost down to the ground. Sweat was running down his bare back, glowing and winking in the sun.<br />
<br />
这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是最年轻的一个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石磙,一拉就是一天。<br />
<br />
This was Shuangqiao Farm in Beijing, one of the earliest state farms, which was famous for its mechanized production. But the artists from the Central Academy of Fine Arts did the work like animal labor. Yuan Yunsheng was the youngest among more than twenty people, who volunteered to do the heaviest work. He pulled the stone roller on the wheat field all day.<br />
<br />
二十几个人住在一间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。几年前,在他们头顶上发生的 那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成为一门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向两极。<br />
<br />
More than twenty people lived in a large room, with shabby windows and doors, and flies and mosquitoes flying freely in and out. There were two rows of wide beds for a number of people and tables made of wooden boards in the room. The dean, professors, teaching assistants and students were equally treated here. The explosion that happened above their heads a few years ago caused different reactions in each of them. Some were silent, some were endlessly repentant, some were calm, and some were trembling, just as the mechanics of the explosion developed into a unique craft, capable of both destruction and construction, making their spiritual models distinctly polarized.<br />
<br />
袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头一个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,一头畜力转眼间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
<br />
When Yuan Yunsheng returned to the room from the wheat field, his first action was to fall on the drawing board by the bed. The animal became an artist with glittering eyes at once, just like the miracle of a magic show by a magician. With the drawing board under his arm, he looked for prey everywhere. He was the master of everything in the territory of visual image.<br />
<br />
他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着他。试问 ,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展示了情景交融的空间——略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
<br />
He doggedly innovated, of his own accord and under duress. He had to reform through labor, and made art at the same time, who needed to adapt to the new environment because he could not leisurely portray objects like oil painters. Applying the achievements of line modeling in Chinese painting to Western oil painting, which was a hazy pursuit before, now became a bright flame that attracted him strongly. Who had ever seen the existence of "line" in life? And he saw it. He observed the layers of light, analyzed the light and plane of the object, trying to grasp the moment when a plane met another plane. The changing, transitional, and wonderful division showed clear lines on the retina, which commanded the hand and pen through the processing of the brain, the exaggeration of emphasis and the appropriate deformation, drawing firm or soft lines on the sketch, as simple as Chinese paintings, as precise as Western paintings, like a Peking Opera artist on an empty stage, showing the space that feelings mingled with scenes with his nuanced hand movements, expression of eyes and body motions--a remarkable painting language that was slight but not empty, with real in its emptiness.<br />
<br />
他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
<br />
He figured it out. Since his paintings would never be cared again, let alone exhibited, he could let his pen draw freely. During the days in the farm, he made more than two thousand sketches with pens, brushes and pencils, far more than the number of assignments for students in fine art colleges. With heavy work and strong foundation, he went toward his goal. A large pile of sketches on his bedside was the accumulation of his faith and the ocean of spirit.<br />
<br />
住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
<br />
Among the people living in the same room, there was a stern elder who often watched the young painter's behaviors. He was Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy. Jiang Feng's gaze was astonished. He didn’t know his student before, but now he was touched by Yuan Yunsheng's enthusiasm for hard work and advancement.<br />
<br />
“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去！”<br />
<br />
"I really don't understand why the student like you should be labeled as a 'rightist'?" Jiang Feng said to Yuan Yunsheng, "Draw it. As long as you think it's right, you can draw it according to your will!"<br />
<br />
这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
<br />
It was the direct teaching Yuan Yunsheng heard from the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy, not in the grand academy, but in the hard adversity. This teaching impressed him forever.<br />
<br />
一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
<br />
One day, people living in the same room held a review meeting. Some of them confessed as usual, but Jiang Feng declaimed, criticizing the proneness to boasting and exaggeration in publicity, the disconnect between economic policy and economic base, and the hazards of "Left" opportunism, just like a level-headed politician without the slightest self-consciousness of an offender. He was still him, maintaining human dignity, and exercising the rights of the brain and mouth. Yuan Yunsheng listened, filled with admiration.<br />
<br />
散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特儿是清癯的、憔悴的,一副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出一个美的灵魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
<br />
After the meeting, Jiang Feng read a book with his head on the desk. Yuan Yunsheng quietly picked up the drawing board and looked towards him. The model in front of him was skinny and haggard, with a contemplative look. However, in the painter's mind, a beautiful soul was reflected, as hard and transparent as diamonds. The painter used his brush to draw a portrait of him with ease and verve.<br />
<br />
“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
<br />
"Oh, I'm much thinner than before." Jiang Feng took the sketch and said with emotion, "Leave this painting to me. You and I have a memorable friendship…"<br />
<br />
这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
<br />
The sketch was paired with a frame, hanging in Jiang Feng's home for many years.<br />
<br />
一个被撤职的党委书记,一个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
<br />
A dismissed secretary of the Party Committee, and a young man forced to stop school. Neither of their personalities were distorted under the weight. Once the personality had overcome the ordeal, it was like cast iron. It was the same to admit it or not.<br />
<br />
雨纷纷<br />
<br />
The Drizzling Water <br />
<br />
画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业分配。<br />
<br />
The painter parted with Lanying in Suzhou and returned to Changchun. They exchanged letters from time to time. A year later, Lanying was facing job assignment after graduation.<br />
<br />
东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降临头上。<br />
<br />
The Northeast was very unfamiliar to Lanying. In her imagination, it was distant borderlands covered with snow and ice, a terrible place so cold that the nose, ears and chin could be frozen off. None of the students wanted to be assigned to the Northeast. They were used to the affluent conditions and warm climate of lands of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River, and the mere mention of the Northeast made their hair stand on end, as if the doom of exile had fallen on their heads. <br />
<br />
兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
<br />
Lanying was regardless of anything. In the girl's mind, where he was, there was spring, and there was a bonfire! She was willing to suffer cold and hunger just by his side.<br />
<br />
当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
<br />
When Lanying proposed to the organization of his aspiration for assignment, the other side was shocked: “Ah, you already have a boyfriend! How long have you known each other? What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
姑娘一五一十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住 。<br />
<br />
The girl answered one by one. She thought that it could not be hidden sooner or later.<br />
<br />
兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象力,把故事编得像田园牧歌一样美妙——<br />
<br />
Lanying’s story spread through the college. Oral litterateurs were not lack in imagination, and made up the story as beautiful as an idyllic pastoral --<br />
<br />
“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
<br />
"Hey, did you hear? Lanying asked to be assigned to Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
<br />
"So far away! Why do you want to go there?"<br />
<br />
“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子。”<br />
<br />
"She met a boyfriend, one of the most beautiful men in Changchun."<br />
<br />
“那个人干什么的?”<br />
<br />
"What’s his job?"<br />
<br />
“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
<br />
"He's an actor at Changchun Film Studio. He acted many movies."<br />
<br />
“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
<br />
"Of course it is good to have an actor as boyfriend. He can go everywhere in the country. <br />
Studios are in big cities, and Lanying can be transferred to wherever she likes!"<br />
<br />
但是,在学校的一间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
<br />
But in a small room of the college, Lanying's head was under the weight of thousand pounds, and furious and disappointed eyes were cast at him: “You are too naïve in politics. Who is he? A ‘rightist', who is anti-Party and anti-socialist. Who are you? The descendant of revolutionary martyrs, member of the Communist Youth League, and the Party organization's development target. Won’t you feel sorry about your dead parents? And the Party?<br />
<br />
兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了……”<br />
<br />
Lanying argued: "His hat had been taken off…"<br />
<br />
“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样一个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣个黑锅背一辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
<br />
"Whether his hat had been taken off or not, it was all the same. If one has such a family, he could not shake it off. But you want to have the injustice and carry it for the rest of your life. How silly you are!"<br />
<br />
“我乐意……”<br />
<br />
"I don’t care…"<br />
<br />
“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍白,四肢麻木,像是一个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
<br />
"Don’t say any more! You are already his prisoner, standing on a cliff. You have to break off with him, and never meet him again. If he writes to you, you hand it over to the organization to deal with!" Lanying sat in a corner of the room, pale and numb, like a rebel on trial. What did she have to say? A simple-hearted girl confided in others the secret of love for the first time, who should receive happy congratulations. However, she received brutal reprimand and forced interferences, and it was useless to argue with them. She dragged herself back to the dormitory.<br />
<br />
更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她,好像她做了什么亏心事。一颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
<br />
What was harder to bear was the mute weight. Her classmates looked at her with scorn and whispered about her as if she had done something against conscience. A pearl once held in the palm of the hand suddenly became the object of ridicule, so that she tasted the fickleness of the world, the ups and downs of fate, and aroused a strong feeling of rebellion.<br />
<br />
她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨——爸爸生前的战友。<br />
<br />
She wrote a letter and sent it to an aunt in Hangzhou, a former comrade of her father.<br />
<br />
阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
<br />
The aunt soon sent a telegram, asking her to go to Hangzhou and talking with her face to face.<br />
<br />
兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空一样阴郁。<br />
<br />
When she arrived in Hangzhou, it was drizzling. The aunt took her to her residence, and was very hospitable with smile, trying to make her happy. However, Lanying's face looked sad, as gloomy as the sky.<br />
<br />
“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说，“我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
<br />
"What if you worry yourself into illness?” The aunt said, "Let me go out for a walk with you.”<br />
<br />
她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
<br />
They went to Orioles Singing in the Willows of the West Lake with a umbrella.<br />
<br />
西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
<br />
The West Lake was silvery gray in front of Lanying. The sky was silver, and the water was silver. The atmosphere was drifting with silver powder that looked like rain but not rain, which he could not feel, and her clothes seemed to be getting wet but not.<br />
<br />
兰英的眉心舒展 了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
<br />
Lanying felt more comfortable: "The scenery here is so beautiful!"<br />
<br />
“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢，”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍一个男朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证会喜欢他……”<br />
<br />
"It is worth coming here, right. There is another happy thing," said the aunt with a smile, "I’ll introduce to you a boyfriend. He is a member of the party and does confidential work in the army. He is handsome and you are well matched in age. I’m sure that as long as you are willing to meet him, you are going to like him…"<br />
<br />
兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
<br />
Lanying was on the alert at once: "Did you invite here just for this?"<br />
<br />
阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养感情嘛……”<br />
<br />
The aunt said: "I’m doing this for your own good. Relationship needs to be cultivated. You don’t have relationship with him now, but you can cultivate it…"<br />
<br />
姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进一团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲径好像布满陷阱。一种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。给你!”<br />
<br />
The girl only felt that her chest was stuffed with a mess. The beautiful scenery of the West Lake had become nasty, and the winding path under her feet seemed to be fraught with pitfalls. A feeling of being fooled came over her, and she said angrily: "I don't want to see anyone. Here you are!"<br />
<br />
兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
<br />
Lanying shoved the umbrella into the aunt's hand, turned and ran away through the cold rain. Behind her, the lake water lapped at the shore, making a rhythmic sound, like heaving sighs…<br />
<br />
回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
<br />
Back to the residence, the first thing Lanying did was to pack things, ready to return to Suzhou. The aunt came over and said calmly, "Lanying, I know your temper. Once you have decided something, no one can persuade you…"<br />
<br />
“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
<br />
"I appreciate that you know it." The girl said tonelessly.<br />
<br />
“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好好谈谈吧……”<br />
<br />
"I have only one request." said the aunt, "Since you came to Hangzhou, it does not hurt to stay one more day. Let's talk about it in the evening…"<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
<br />
At night, Lanying and the aunt sat face to face by lamplight.<br />
<br />
“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
<br />
"Lanying, I trust your eyes. The person you like must be good." The aunt said calmly. “Our party implements a policy of uniting and reforming intellectuals, and people like him still have a role to play."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "I thought the same thing…"<br />
<br />
“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们一些好处。打个比喻吧,好比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那些人再好,也不能使用。你多想一想吧……”<br />
<br />
"But let me tell you more detailed information." The aunt said, "At present we do not have a team of intellectuals of our own. If we don’t rely on them, who can we rely on? If we want to use them, we have to give them some benefits. To use an analogy, it is like a jelly bean to coax children. The little sweetness will soon melt. When our own team grows up, they can’t be used any more no matter how good they are. Think more about it…”<br />
<br />
姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头一次听说,在政策的背后还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
<br />
After the girl listened to the thorough analysis, she was bewildered. She heard for the first time that there were policies behind a policy. The infinite mysteries of life were enough for her to digest slowly.<br />
<br />
这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。一个势单力孤的女子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越 ,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为一个农家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
<br />
That night, Lanying lost sleep. At the deadest time of the night, she was thinking about the painter who was far away and gradually came to realize that there were more serious obstacles between them than ice, snow, storms, mountains and rivers. A weak woman, powerless to push away the weight of society, tradition and mentality, felt that the future was infinitely uncertain. Did the girl regret having fallen in love with him? She could not find a reason to condemn herself. Their love was witnessed by the green hill and bright moon, without a trace of dust. She could only regret that she came from a privileged background and was fully favored, so that her love was also shackled. The girl would rather be reborn again for him… She fell asleep in a daze and had a sweet dream that she was transformed into a farm girl and met the painter among the white mountain and the black water. The whole world was pure as if it was covered with silver and jade… When she woke up, she found that it was just a delusional dream. The fate had been doomed, and everything was irreversible. The girl was desperate, with hot tears like a broken line of beads, from the cheeks constantly rolling down...<br />
<br />
第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看一看就会明白的。”<br />
<br />
The next day, the aunt put a magazine in front of Lanying: "This is what I found from the library, you will understand if you read it."<br />
<br />
这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到一篇文章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的一小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的题目¬¬——<br />
<br />
It was a magazine of ''Fine Arts'' published in that year. With trembling hands, Lanying opened the pages and found an article. The article criticized an oil painting by Yuan Yunsheng and included a photo of it. What was that? The painting was shrunken into a small and pitiful piece that could not be seen clearly. The girl finally found the title of the painting--<br />
<br />
水乡记忆<br />
<br />
Memory of the Water Town<br />
<br />
“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
<br />
"It’s okay. It’s okay. It would burn if you continue frying it."<br />
<br />
“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
<br />
"Be gentle, don't let others hear it."<br />
<br />
“我先尝尝——哈,又香又脆!”<br />
<br />
"Let me taste it first--ha, it’s delicious and crispy!"<br />
<br />
“放开肚皮吧 ,反正不花钱……”<br />
<br />
"Tuck in. It doesn’t cost money anyway…"<br />
<br />
袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng lying in bed, heard the laughter, the sizzle of boiling oil, and the greedy sound of chewing from next door, along with the aroma of fried oil cakes, keeping him awake at night. <br />
<br />
这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择一处乡土气息浓厚的地区深入生活 ,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓库隔壁的一间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传口号消失了,生理本能在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是一出率先占有填充材料的喜剧。<br />
<br />
This was the warehouse of the production team, located in a small town near Suzhou. <br />
Not long ago, Yuan Yunsheng returned to the Central Academy of Fine Arts from Shuangqiao Farm, and got back to Professor Dong Xiwen's studio to learn from him. The teacher suggested him to choose an area with a strong local flavor to plunge into the thick of life, collecting materials for his graduation work. He came to a town in the regions south of the Yangtze River and was assigned to a hut next to the production team's warehouse as the accommodation. It was a time of national economic hardship, and the water town, which was praised as “the earthly paradise", was also facing the threat of starvation. The fanatical slogan that was once popular disappeared and physiological instincts took effect in people, which was first shown in the town's cadres. In order to fill a few people’s bellies, they went harm to the group, compressing others’ bellies. The late-night performance was a comedy of being the first to take possession of the filling material.<br />
<br />
袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng rolled over in bed, causing a few rats to crawl out beside the pillow and hop around on him.<br />
<br />
“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
<br />
"There’s a noise!" The man next door said, "Should we ask that painter to come?"<br />
<br />
“别理他!”<br />
<br />
"Don’t mind him!"<br />
<br />
……<br />
<br />
这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预一下也无可厚非 。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
<br />
This was the material of the real life! Paint it. Since "art was subordinate to politics", there was nothing wrong with intervening such life. The painter lied in bed, his heart flowing with the feeling of concerning for the country and the people.<br />
<br />
然而,夜间的梦寐 并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
<br />
However, the dream at night did not leave the painter with a deep impression. He had his own understanding of the function of art. He came here for the pursuit of the beauty in life, and the dust of life could not cloud the artist's heart of gold. The place he went during the day gave satisfaction to his pursuit. A few weeks later, he returned to Beijing with everything that he wanted.<br />
<br />
回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,一股不可遏制的创作冲动驱使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去一个晚上的时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
<br />
One day after returning to Beijing, he leaned on his bed and thought after dinner. An uncontrollable impulse of creation drove him to pick up the brush and readily draw on the draft paper, the tip of the brush as smooth as floating clouds and flowing water. In only one night, he sketched out his graduation work.<br />
<br />
他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
<br />
He took the sketch to visit Teacher Dong Xiwen. The teacher looked at it and said: "I think it is distinctive. The workload is not small. Get on with it!"<br />
<br />
他把行李卷、画布和油彩,一股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上一摊,不分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
<br />
He moved the bedding roll, canvases and oil paints into the large warehouse of the college. This warehouse was used to store large-scale cultural relics, including a tall stone camel, an excavated stone horse and a stone tiger in front of the tomb of the Han Dynasty general Huo Qubing. The floor was covered with thick dust, and the walls were covered with cobwebs, like a gloomy old castle. He spread the bedding roll on the floor, and worked day and night. The stone tiger and horse watched a young painter working like a maniac. Two months later, Yuan Yunsheng asked someone to help him lift out a huge oil painting.<br />
<br />
这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆 》。<br />
<br />
The painting was titled ''Memory of the Water Town''.<br />
<br />
《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优 ”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的分数都不肯给。<br />
<br />
''Memory of the Water Town'' became the topic of conversation in the circle of art. The doyens of painting such as Dong Xiwen, Ye Qianyu and Huang Yongyu praised it, who argued that his graduation grade should be “excellent”. Some others shook their heads and frowned, refusing to give him even a passing grade.<br />
<br />
水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
<br />
What was the memory of the water town for the young painter?<br />
<br />
画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
<br />
In the picture is a small bridge common in Suzhou, which is the style of traditional architectural left over from the Ming Dynasty, with exquisite structure, decorated with delicate sculpted reliefs. The two sides of the bridge show the houses, streets and the lively scene of the market trading during the Spring Festival.<br />
<br />
看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。一个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开一张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。一个淳朴的小女孩刚才卖掉一只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着一桩桩美好的故事——人们在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
<br />
Look, there are people set up the stage for Beijing opera performance, there are people selling New Year's pictures, and there are people selling grain and vegetables, so lively. A beautiful country girl spreads out a newspaper at her feet and sets bunches of flowers on it, expecting people to visit. A simple little girl has just sold a lamb. Perhaps because the cute little animal was fed by her hands when growing up, she sees it being taken away, showing a look of melancholy... With the strong national style and local customs and practices, the painter drew hundreds of lifelike characters, around the stone bridge to tell good stories -- people exchanged their results of hard work a year here, and were pleased and gratified by the rich and colorful folk recreations.<br />
<br />
桥下是一泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
<br />
Under the bridge is clear, rippling and sparkling. The dark-awninged boats, small wooden boats and barges carrying purchases for the Spring Festival are so close to each other, and brush past the others. The boatmen are all humble, avoiding each other, and quickly giving the way for the neighboring boats. A young man lies leisurely on the bow of the boat, the sunlight sprinkling over his face, and thinks with a vision of the future…<br />
<br />
这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举世无双的韧性——走向明天!<br />
<br />
Weren’t the small bridge and the river the reappearance of our national features! Our nation suffered a lot, and was at a very difficult time; however, our indomitable national spirit was not destroyed by the disaster. We were strong, confident and optimistic, emphasized courtesy, and maintained the great dignity, with a slow rhythm, calm pace, and resilience that was unparalleled in the world--towards tomorrow!<br />
<br />
谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
<br />
Who could have guessed that the original idea of this painting was conceived in that hut in the water town, that shady with mice hopping around, adjacent to the evil. What a contrast between the hard work of the people, the innocence of the painter, and the greed, selfishness and deceit just a wall away! The painter brushed away the shadows of life, and used painting language to express his deep love for his country and people with good wishes. This was the self-analysis of the painter's mind and character!<br />
<br />
当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩 ,年画的敦厚朴实和壁画的装饰趣味。<br />
<br />
When ''Memory of the Water Town'' was put on public display, hanging in the auditorium of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, the response from the audience was enthusiastic. Some people left comments, some took pictures, and some copied it. Just in terms of its innovation in artistic style, people were amazed by it. The author put aside the "three unities" of plot devices of Western oil painting and the traditional perspective rules, and adopted the ingenious technique of cavalier perspective of Chinese painting, so as to make the independent stories on the picture blend together. When portraying the characters, the author masterly used the tools of Western oil painting, boldly used line modeling, and absorbed the exaggeration of ancient art of pottery figurine to depict images of the figures with different expressions. The painting had the splendor and magnificence of oil painting, the exact delineation and heavy colors of Chinese painting, the sincerity and simplicity of New Year’s picture and the decorative interest of fresco. <br />
<br />
把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为一炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿了吧！<br />
<br />
It was the author's dream to integrate the ancient and modern, Chinese and Western painting arts into one. His dream should come true!<br />
<br />
但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
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However, the fate of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was suddenly reversed, which was taken off the wall of the exhibition hall and thrown into the garbage dump where scraps were stored. Later, a young man who loved table tennis found its value and dragged it behind the table to use it as a baffle to block the ball. Later, a student from the art history department felt bad for it and secretly cut it down with a scissor, folded it up, and pressed it under the bed in the dormitory. However, the college reported it to the police in panic, bringing in the comrades in the department of public safety to enter the college to reconnoiter, as if searching for an indecent prohibited thing. Finally, the enthusiastic collector had to hand it over, and the campus loudspeaker immediately broadcasted that it was "another victory in paying great attention to class struggle".<br />
<br />
离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着一堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的路口只亮着一盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
<br />
Was it bizarre? Not really. The climate was changing, three years of hardship passed, the fairs trade in the countryside was banned, and the days of hunger were forgotten. Today's politics made new requirements on yesterday's art, and it was time for the painter to be spanked. The author of ''Memory of the Water Town'' was faced with lots of questions that he could never answered: Why didn't you paint a tractor? Why didn't you paint the wheat field with a good harvest? Why didn't paint… Among all the criticisms, no one had ever accused him of not painting the scene next door at that night, though such phenomena were a well-known fact. There was only one green light at the intersection of literary criticism: turning left. The artist who stayed true to the art went straight ahead and was denounced as being too "right".<br />
<br />
中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出作者的艺术才能。”<br />
<br />
Jiang Feng, the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, once said with emotion: "If this painting had not damaged, and had been put on display, I can predict that the audience would have rehabilitated him. Even in this tentative work, we can see the artistic talent of the author."<br />
<br />
只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世——其中也包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, the remains of the painting couldn’t be found. The only memorial it had left was a pathetically small picture, accompanied by a critical article that sounded plausible, published in a corner of ''Fine Arts''. The painter should feel honored that it was the first time his work had been made into a zincograph, and printed, spreading around the world--including the one in front of Lanying.<br />
<br />
月台边<br />
<br />
At the Edge of the Platform<br />
<br />
兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
<br />
The second morning Lanying spent in Hangzhou was the most painful time for her.<br />
<br />
阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子 ,还会累及子女。<br />
<br />
The aunt stood beside her as her guardian, and pointed to the magazine as if she had found a powerful proof. The aunt said that a man like Yuan Yunsheng would not correct his mistake, and others would not tolerate him. It would be a lifelong mistake to combine with him, never seeing the light in the future and implicating the children.<br />
<br />
那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘与画家结合 的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
<br />
The magazine did not frighten the girl’s love away, but made her feel the seriousness of the problem. It seemed that it was not only the aunt, the college, but also the whole society that prevented her from being bound with the painter. It seemed that everyone except the girl were cursing him and splashing dirty water on the painter. Did the girl still have the courage to go towards him? Talking about the future children, those innocent babies that would follow the adults and spend the whole life in the mud, Lanying's heart was softened.<br />
<br />
这是一场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
<br />
It was an irresistible spiritual siege. Lanying hunched over the table and burst into tears…<br />
<br />
阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效力,递过一支笔、一张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
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Seeing the effect of her good intention, the aunt handed over a pen and a piece of paper: "Writing him a letter and making it clear, you’ll feel comfortable. If he really loves you, he will not give you trouble again…"<br />
<br />
兰英接过纸笔。<br />
<br />
Lanying took the paper and pen.<br />
<br />
她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家能够得到另一个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后一个字,信纸上满是斑斑泪痕。<br />
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She wrote a very firm statement, cutting off communication with the painter, and didn’t explain anything. She took the responsibility, saying that she was willing to pay the lifelong price for her impulse and would never get married again. In her letter, she wished the painter to get another girl who would love him as much as she did… When she finished the letter, it was blotted with tears.<br />
<br />
阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
<br />
The aunt took it over to have a look and sighed: "Look, the handwriting was wet with tears. It’ll make him suspect that you are not really want to break up with him ......"<br />
<br />
“本来就是被迫的！”兰英没好气地说。<br />
<br />
"It was forced!" Lanying said angrily.<br />
<br />
阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
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The aunt finally got the written pledge and was relieved, sealing the envelope with her own hands, sticking a stamp on it, and taking it to the post office.<br />
<br />
兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将把信撕得粉碎,一赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下 ,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净……<br />
<br />
Lanying returned to Suzhou from Hangzhou, and felt every day like a year, repeatedly imagining the painter's reaction. The painter would be furious, wouldn’t he? Lanying really did not want to add a new scar to the painter's heart, which had been badly wounded, so she did not write irritating words in the letter. But the painter would understand the reason for the change. The letter had already constituted a contempt and insult to him. Would he rip it up and decide not to write back in a fit of anger? Or would he bow to his fate and fall into a depression? Or, the girl's worries were superfluous. Men were men, who were easy come and easy go. He would wipe the girl out of his memory, completely forgetting her.<br />
<br />
兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
<br />
The last thing that Lanying wanted to happen was the latter situation.<br />
<br />
画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
<br />
The painter wrote back with stiff words. He agreed to break up, without a hint of a pleading tone, with only one last condition, asking Lanying to come to Changchun and explain the reason face to face.<br />
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像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
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Like hearing an echo from an empty valley, Lanying ran into the college office clasping the letter.<br />
<br />
姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
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The girl placed the letter on the table and said: "Please allow me to go to Changchun."<br />
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对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
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After reading the painter's letter, the other party looked up and asked, "Is this the last meeting?"<br />
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“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
<br />
"Yes." The girl said, "We're very determined."<br />
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学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
<br />
The college could not say the reason for refusing the girl and let her go. On the day of the girl’s departure, the school made a long-distance call to Changchun, asking the painter's unit to cooperate and pay attention to the actions of Lanying and the painter, promoting both sides to break off the relationship.<br />
<br />
火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人头攒动的月台上,她一眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
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The train was flying along, the vast fields passing outside the window. The girl was anxious. She was longing for the scenery of the Northeast in her dream before, but this journey didn’t leave any impression on her. She only remembered the moment the train arrived in Changchun, when she saw the painter with a pale face at a glance on the crowded platform.<br />
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兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
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When Lanying stepped out of the train, the painter was coming up. He still held the sketchbook in his hand, pretending to be calm. However, his tired and dark look, holding back great pain, could not escape the girl's keen eyes. It was exactly what the girl hoped to see, and a thrill of joy rose in her heart. <br />
<br />
画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
<br />
The painter stopped at the edge of the platform, keeping a few steps from the girl.<br />
<br />
“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
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"Please answer now," the painter's voice was like the low roar of a wild animal, "why do you change your mind? Why do you bend to the will of others?"<br />
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姑娘把旅行袋往前一递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听懂是什么意思。<br />
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The girl handed her travel bag forward: "Do you think I come to Changchun to negotiate with you?" The painter was stunned, not understanding what it meant.<br />
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“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑一趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
<br />
"You fool! If I want to break up with you, do I need to come all the way here?" The girl smiled sweetly, "There is a long way to go, and you need to be tested!"<br />
<br />
明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解——那些无尽无休的劝说、挑唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
<br />
The bright sunlight returned to the painter's face. He even forgot to pick up the girl's bag, and was so excited that he didn’t know what to do. The girl dodged back a little, really afraid that the guy who lost his mind in front of him would throw himself into her arms in full view of a large crowd with no regard for the customs of the country… The consensus reached at the Changchun negotiation--those endless persuasion, instigation and restraint was really tiresome that decisive actions had to be taken to get rid of it.<br />
<br />
兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同财产,是一条印花双人床单。在一间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
<br />
Lanying and the painter married in the summer vocation after graduation. The wedding was held in Changchun, without relatives officiating, and classmates congratulating. The only gift they received was a blouse given by Yuan Yunfu to his sister-in-law; the new common property was a printed double bed sheet. In a temporary borrowed hut, they performed a solemn ceremony of life. Lanying spent her honeymoon in disassembling and washing the bedding for the former bachelor. The short honeymoon ended as Lanying's reporting date approached.<br />
<br />
人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
<br />
The Queen Mother of the world was not willing to give in after all, and deliberately laid a galaxy between them.<br />
<br />
兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽容——除了东北三省之外,其他任何一个城市都行。实心眼儿的 姑娘把手指放在地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
<br />
Lanying's place of work was chosen from the map. When she was assigned after graduation, the college gave her lenient conditions--any city except the three provinces of the northeast. The honest girl put her finger on the map and found the nearest place to the Northeast along the railway line. Her finger crossed Beijing, Tianjin, and rested on a small circle south of Shanhaiguan: Tangshan. She thought that it was the ideal crossing of the Milky Way on earth.<br />
<br />
她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着一块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生活无法自理。直到这时,她才感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
<br />
Not long after she arrived in Tangshan, she was caught in the "unprecedented" storm. With marches, rebellions, and two factions fighting with each other with machetes and spears, the whole city fell into a primitive tribal strife. Lanying was alone and lived in the uncertainty in troubled times. The annual visits to her husband comforted her a little in spirit. Later, she was pregnant. The overwork and poor living conditions caused Lanying to suffer from lumbar spine strain. Her back was like carrying a heavy iron plate, and she couldn’t roll over in bed. There was no one to make fires in the house, and the flimsy door and windows could not withstand the cold wind. Lumbar disease made her stiff and unable to take care of herself. By this time, she felt that she needed her husband by her side so much…<br />
<br />
画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到一份工作,又赶到唐山,好不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户口的证件。至此,他们已经两地分居六年了。<br />
<br />
The painter went around and asked, and finally found a job for his wife in a hospital in Changchun, and then rushed to Tangshan. With difficulty he passed many hurdles and got the documents to switch his wife’s job and transfer her registered permanent residence. So far, they had been living apart for six years.<br />
<br />
兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西——优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。耿耿 银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
<br />
When Lanying sat on the train, the platform in Changchun moving in front of her eyes again, she could not help but have mixed feelings. For six years, she lost a lot of things out of her own volition--a bright future in politics, a beautiful youth and excellent conditions. The corners of her pretty eyes were covered with worry lines, and her beautiful cheeks became sallow with a gaunt appearance. She paid a huge price for the ordinary life of ordinary people, and a charge of "the family member of a rightist whose hat was taken off”. The Milky Way was in front of her, and there were the same strict rituals in heaven and on earth. <br />
<br />
陋室铭<br />
<br />
The Humble Room<br />
<br />
破木桌上摊开一张纸片,一只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
<br />
A piece of paper was spread out on the broken wooden table, and a small hand holding the brush, applied watercolor to the paper. Round, square and irregular blocks of color appeared under the brush, representing different still life: the round one was a washtub, the square one was an old wooden box, and the irregular one was a diaper on a clothesline…<br />
<br />
这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
<br />
It was the artist's son sketching. He was born in Changchun, and no matter how difficult the path of his parents' life was, he grew up according to the laws of nature, until he was old enough to grasp a brush with his little hand. <br />
<br />
小屋只有14平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, 一排大连铺占去三分之二的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
<br />
The house was only 14 square meters. A little sister added to the family, and four of them were crammed into a small space, with a large bed taking up two thirds of the area. The broken wooden table in front of the window was the dad's workbench at ordinary times, and the son's bed at night. The rest of the space was for cooking and washing clothes, and there was no extra space.<br />
<br />
眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
<br />
The artist's son had painted the scene in front of him more than once, which was his first subject of contact with life. This lovely third generation in new China repeatedly painted with the most beautiful colors in his young mind, and had accumulated dozens of sketches. Whenever the neighbors came to visit, he would take out his works and show them off in front of them. However, the comments he heard were very disappointing: "Alas, Lanying, why does your precious son only paint the slums?"<br />
<br />
兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
<br />
兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食 堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不 发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝 糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头ー样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那 些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
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家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物 价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买 不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱ー个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
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他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
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“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
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“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
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妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服ロ袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
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儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
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过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
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画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
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儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚オ他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤 肉颠得没影了……<br />
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“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
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儿子也笑了。ー场精神上的欢笑代替了假日的会餐。<br />
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在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门 面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现 代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处 境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得 很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到 家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
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在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似 的想点办法?”<br />
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“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
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“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合 过得去……”<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
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妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题ー搁,永远不再提起。<br />
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兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们 家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥ー顿饱ー顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的 换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环 境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣 服洗一洗吧。”<br />
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“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干ー场。<br />
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他把床单和衣服泡了满满ー盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他ー忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;ー忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
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他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板 凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
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兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过ー丝苦笑。<br />
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画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
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一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚 子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,ー共跳了多 少次?，，<br />
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画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
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兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪一整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。<br />
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干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
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天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入 睡;儿子ー沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手 抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另ー只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
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漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
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兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为 人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为ー个正直的画家的妻子的全部 甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕 耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还 被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦 楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
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她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙<br />
爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
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车轮下<br />
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袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱 地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
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兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为ー家人做早饭。<br />
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画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
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兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺ー躺。”画家匆匆吃过 早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
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在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过ー场大雪,北风ー刮,马路上结 着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
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画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜 劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命的时刻。<br />
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人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
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穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽 听ー阵隆隆的马达声。ー辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。 速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人 带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的 传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
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街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
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卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。 卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团 儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
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这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸ロー轧,就 算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃 脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
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按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同 情一预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦 的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。 即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头一抗争！<br />
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接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡 车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车 咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人 们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
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“千万不能倒下「’画家想,“ー倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
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卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反<br />
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应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
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画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
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抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天<br />
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ォ清醒过来。<br />
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兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾ー切地赶到医院。存车的时 候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙 怎么也拔不出来。<br />
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存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚オ进医院的时<br />
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候,自己还能走路。"<br />
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兰英这オ觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
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兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫 妻双双躺在床上。<br />
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孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和<br />
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女儿一人捧回ー包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
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儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
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女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
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兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早<br />
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地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心 灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿 <br />
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画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰<br />
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问。他们留下ー百块钱赔偿经济损失一画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
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客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
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兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看ー<br />
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眼也令人伤心。<br />
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画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
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“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
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画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知<br />
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道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民ーー我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去「’<br />
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这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是ー个贫病交困的人的 最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对ー些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那 样遥远,拼着性命オ能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼 痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘 寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
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数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情 目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
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袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的 印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
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袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花 甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,ー举ー动都受到街道居委 会的监视。<br />
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袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没 有什么值得高兴的一中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路 线走ー遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽 然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
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江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上 挂着一幅画框,嵌着ー张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那 张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到 使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
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袁运生打开画夹,把ー组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的 牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人 物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的 笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
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“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真 诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
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袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨 的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风 中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手ー丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
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画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于!974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白 描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
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江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他 说:“呵,黄河! ー泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声 音……"<br />
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春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了 !<br />
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担担画<br />
<br />
“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
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美术界ー些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头 角,施展オ华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任 河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各 种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是ー个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。 这个磨砺精深的艺术家,就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
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乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
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在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现 了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,ー头不驯服的长发 如垂下万根烦恼丝。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁 了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
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他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
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兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
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兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议 事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就 是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
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1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机 会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
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他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了 妻子,全家人像过节ー样快乐<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
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“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
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女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
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“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
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他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
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兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
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丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注ー掷了 !”<br />
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是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举 动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一 个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使ー颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴ー样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
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晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,ー针针,ー线线,直缝到天 色薄明。<br />
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“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
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“三个月吧。”画家说,“你ー个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
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妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
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这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府一景洪。他被西双版纳惊 人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林 绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水 晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁 着珠光宝气。<br />
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有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天 堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾 洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
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他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地。招待所的服务人员很 有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进ー间中等客房。<br />
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画家开ロ就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
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服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
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“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
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“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
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“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
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他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下ー步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各<br />
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的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
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幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出 的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
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云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族 的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
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好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的 背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有!40多斤重。小伙子看了直 抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
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袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
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瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
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奏鸣曲<br />
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瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
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呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
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那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝ー样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
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就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
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西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰 富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住 兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在ー棵树 前,一画就是一整天。<br />
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“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
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“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古 老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
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袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。 每ー笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家 的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小 虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理 昧 <br />
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中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来オ深有感 受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
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画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在ー起的<br />
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他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情 而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
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每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。 晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛 着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗 条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
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“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银 铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她 们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露ー截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使 她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后ー盘,自然地溜向ー 边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
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少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来ー阵阵悠扬 的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在 纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
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诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就 在苦苦思索ー个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
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美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出 你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
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面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我 感受却不尽相同。ー百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,ー百种不同的表现方法。<br />
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艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。<br />
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从夏末到中秋,他在ー串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勧定的一个偏僻的 小村寨。<br />
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这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上 开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本 寨的荣耀。<br />
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同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无カ同病魔 斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是 “鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者ー商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那<br />
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些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
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“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的ー 瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精 粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的 请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起 画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
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小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的 经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂 痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在ー起进餐,然后由男方挑着担 子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱 护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像ー泓溪 水那样清澈。<br />
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一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清 脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的 手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
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这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在 古老的贝叶经里的传说一从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘 据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑 娘们生出ー计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头ー沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒 醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。 一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使 自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
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晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这 万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
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广为流传的神话传说,往往是ー个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到 的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑 海里汇集,逐渐熔化为ー团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳 美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地 多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西 双版纳。这是ー个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、 秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条一单纯与丰富高度和谐地统ー!<br />
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他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的 独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。 那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的ー组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
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昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘 绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
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公主啊!<br />
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你是ー颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
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但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
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把宝石镶在我的心上 <br />
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他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
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二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
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袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
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兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心 开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画 不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
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画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失 火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
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其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们 忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
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画家在长春的ー个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁 愕然了。<br />
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这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰 英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出ー个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗 震棚挪动着……<br />
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显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的 艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
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朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那<br />
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位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道<br />
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壁画之梦<br />
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不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白 皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的 空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀ー样扑朔不定。他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。他搞不 清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里……<br />
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昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的 画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。ー抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳 光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从 梦境回到了现实的世界。<br />
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这是!979年1月,在北京白家庄。<br />
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袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水 晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候 机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍 特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成 了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建 筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业 技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理 者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和エ艺 美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得 到了推荐,也在被邀请之列〇<br />
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随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热 度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使ー些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑 文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否 定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以 免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对 稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单ー些,拿他的 话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。”<br />
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袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节一生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻<br />
辑和客观条件应运而生的。<br />
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候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的ー块地 方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙 壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美 的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心 中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝 叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴 的哲理。他决定挨弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。”<br />
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主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思 毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在 以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知 命运如何?<br />
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袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是 工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动 的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境……<br />
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在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大 门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统ー。那座大门 却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门 搏斗,ー支接ー支地吸烟,ー张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可 以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和 生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。<br />
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“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。<br />
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“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……”<br />
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在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一 个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充 满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风 雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出ー股韧性。为了 重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟 此时的心情。<br />
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整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉 的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法ーー“拱桥的两头 很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么 美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》）<br />
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实现这个迷人的想法,真是ー项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多 彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活 和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每ー 个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意 味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去 表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了……<br />
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又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还 有灯光。<br />
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这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴 山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟 弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧……<br />
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对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他 还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在 毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀!<br />
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天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休 息几天,回长春去过年吧。”<br />
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袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用〇第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制〇”<br />
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“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多 了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。”<br />
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提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能 在家待几天?”<br />
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画家说:“春节ー过,还得讨论画稿。这ー稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了〇”<br />
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兰英叹了一 口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……”<br />
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画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。”<br />
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兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?”<br />
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画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。<br />
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这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻 璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下ー个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹……<br />
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从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
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忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴 云笼罩着 <br />
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牛皮纸<br />
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春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。<br />
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绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机 场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材 料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、 冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
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参加《泼水节一生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶 来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传 统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
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脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月 的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。<br />
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兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的ー次 妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她 的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。<br />
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在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用 的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气 设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻 待在ー起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就 翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是 深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮エ。<br />
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好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院 时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是 出乎意料的,几个月以前的ー小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是 <br />
外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到 癌一恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不 是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意 识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务 的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢?<br />
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她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了 候机大楼,站在脚手架旁……<br />
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大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进 来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着ー 场真正的建设一脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着 画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到 了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额 垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出 的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在……<br />
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兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。 从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,ー个艺术赤子的オ华、 智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔 端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳 茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动 作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚 鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。 艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华!<br />
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站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。<br />
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兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺 术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得 到了精神的补偿。<br />
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这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查 有结果了吗?”<br />
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兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说<br />
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妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。”<br />
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“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
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Chapter Two<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对ー对 画稿上的人物动作。”<br />
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“好吧。”妻子应允了。<br />
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兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分 子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时 间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身 的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容……<br />
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几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的 一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为ー个外科 医生,如果给自己开ー张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切 除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时 机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的ー桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手 术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的 亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カー搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的 希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏 在心底很久很久了。<br />
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一声长笛,列车开走了,载着ー颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾 霭中 <br />
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袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过 墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,ー株热带丛林特有的 鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地 面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像 是在为自己的青春而骄傲……<br />
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环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画 家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对 墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。<br />
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洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女 表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江 里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。 “我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的 崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的ー种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维 纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的 崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况 他画的是神话传说而不是习俗……<br />
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看来,画家打错了主意?<br />
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在ー些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富 有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生 产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿 穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了 别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并 没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和 犯罪搅成一池浑水。<br />
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盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象 征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。<br />
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这并不显眼的一角却引来ー批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看 热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
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这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不題了。如 要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花 任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想 到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的ー场争论。<br />
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六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受 尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界 上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的ー班轻薄少年、 无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之 照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人 提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军 阀败北。<br />
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历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的ー桩旧案犹未了结<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思 想解放!”<br />
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他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人 帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。<br />
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舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的 绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用 进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时 的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事……<br />
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不是结尾<br />
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10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在 大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动……<br />
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首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获 得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁 画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞 歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次 文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来 到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。<br />
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国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁 说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人ー进入中国就有一个强烈 的印象,这种艺术是ー个国家国力的象征。”<br />
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日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉 朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉 得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……”<br />
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这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的 日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖 的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆 动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰 ー样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔……<br />
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呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化?<br />
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不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着 ー个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作 是坚定正确的表现。他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不 再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强 化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。<br />
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那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧?<br />
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只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。 直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从 她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她 静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无 望,只等待手术的判决……<br />
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ー个人站立起来了,另ー个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南 去的列车上ー见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也 不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、 贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术 经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下ー笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。<br />
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画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼 眶里滚动。<br />
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他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:ー种是诚实的艺术家;另 ー种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。<br />
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他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限 度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少ー些吗?<br />
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他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。<br />
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后记:<br />
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本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又辻了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世 事变迁未可尽述。<br />
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——作者<br />
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（原载《十月》1980年6月）<br />
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==卷一：10.热血男儿==<br />
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热血男儿<br />
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李士非<br />
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满腔的热血已经沸腾。<br />
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《国际歌》<br />
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ー、能见到袁庚吗?<br />
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在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天,蛇口エ业区和它的领导人袁庚,名扬国内外,越 来越引人注目。<br />
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但是,我接受写袁庚的任务,未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他,手头也没有 积累多少关于他的资料,而且听说采访他很困难:他是香港招商局常务副董事长 （人们因此亲切地称他为袁董）,大部分时间在香港,每到蛇口,都忙得不可开交, 实在抽不出时间接受采访。但是,过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观,听过介绍,看 过录像,袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣,接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口 来,这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。“能见到袁庚吗?”“即使见不到袁庚也要写!”所谓 “冒险”,无非是写不出或写不好,个人面子不好看罢了,比起袁庚和他的朋友们从 事改革所冒的风险,简直是微不足道的。<br />
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仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气,到这里待ー些日子也是值得的。<br />
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“如果你只能待很短的时间,我劝你趁早打退堂鼓,不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆 辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意,开弓没有回头箭,退堂鼓是 不好打的。<br />
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二、夜访梁宪<br />
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在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口,袁庚出国去了,说是7月底或8月初 才能回来。最了解他的ー个人,东江纵队时期就和他ー起工作,现任蛇口工业区顾 <br />
问的许智明,到澳大利亚探亲去了,归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同, “时间就是金钱,效率就是生命”,白天工作紧张,找人谈话很难,晚上访问也要事 先约定,因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰 上袁庚的儿子袁中印,《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意,他马 上说:“有什么好写的?这么多人写过了,要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受 了乃父的影响,不大欢迎采访。“慢慢来吧,我一定要找你的。”我心里说。<br />
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多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙,约定了 一天晚上9点钟去访问エ业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人,穿过海 滨花园,沐着海风,经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边,漫步走向梁宪的住 处。早已听说,他!962年毕业于中山大学外语系,是梁宗岱教授的高足,对法国文 学很有研究。果然,ー见之下,我就感到他是ー个充满艺术气质的人。<br />
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他掏出港币,买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客,然后和我们谈笑风生。<br />
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“你们是文人,我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人,她在中央戏剧学 院教书。我对她说:你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的,但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。 中国像你们这样的文人太多,像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一 句英语,“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙,黄虹坚ー时也 没反应过来,陈宜浩翻译说:“他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑 起来。<br />
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梁宪大学毕业的时候,老百姓正在饿肚子,大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法 国文学的尖子,后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作,比袁庚晚半 年多一点。袁庚很器重他,有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。<br />
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“我去香港的时候,老婆说:最怕你没骨气,没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是 有的,外派干部只要有一点热血,就不是追求几大件,而是感到抬不起头来!<br />
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“刚到香港,每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐,ー串串的,海上漂着偷渡者的尸 体,我们不能忍受,啪一声把电视关了。<br />
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“我们国内建设搞不好,连ー些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们, 心里真难受呀。所以,我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过:’我之所以这么干,是 为了实现我入党时的初衷。’”<br />
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一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿,梁宪又概括地说:<br />
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“我熟悉的人当中,有两个热血男儿,ー个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛,ー个就是 袁庚!”<br />
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好一个“热血男儿” !这个词太恰当了,把这两个人相提并论太好了,我不禁<br />
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怦然心动,觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。<br />
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也真巧,比我年长20岁的刘任涛,是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第 一流的眼科专家,共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长,曾为刘伯承元帅安过义 眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》,改行当了电影编剧,“文化大革命”中在珠 影被诬为“历史反革命”,打断五根肋骨,投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动 期间,他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明,不顾自己的政治处境,不顾没 有任何医疗条件,决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他:“万一失败,你就 是阶级报复,就会重进监狱。”他不听,他终于成功了。“作为医生,我拯救了我的 灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀,立下遗嘱:死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢 复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
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刘任涛和袁庚,经历和事业完全不同,但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身 精神,是多么相似呵!我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚,觉得对袁庚也开始熟 悉了。<br />
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三、“冒险家”<br />
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刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障,要冒风险。袁 庚在蛇口进行改革,要冒更大的风险:两年之前,不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影 地攻击经济特区嘛!<br />
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但是,时代毕竟不同了,今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月 9日,胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区,袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆,和总书记有一 段精彩的对话。<br />
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袁庚:关于改革问题,现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看,凡是搞改革 的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法,最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变 法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪,改良主义,结果六君子被 杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革,我想不会落得前人这样 的下场,我们是在党的领导下进行的,不会有问题吧,我们值得冒这个险!<br />
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胡耀邦:过去的改革是下层少数人去改,领导者、统治者是压制的。现在 不同,我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改,现在和过去根本不同嘛!<br />
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袁庚:我们感到,我们的干部是不大怕群众的,只怕顶头上司,怕上司不喜 欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说,我每次来蛇口,ー上码头,前呼后 拥的,下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒,就会忘乎所以,久而久之, 就不怕群众,不怕下级,因为群众、下级撤不了我的职,我只怕交通部,怕顶头 上司,只有他们才能撤我的职。<br />
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所以,群众监督干部,群众有权选举和罢免干部,这至关重要。我们这里 想搞个改革试点,管委会由群众选举产生,每年投一次信任票,如果不信任票 超过半数,管委会就得改选,个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公 开的、直接的,由群众投票选举的领导班子,就会想群众之所想,急群众之所 急,就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手,就有人自动送礼 上门,如果头脑不清醒,不能自律,就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装 懂,诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部,我相信可以改变一下干部的结 构和干部的作风。我们想做这样ー个不太小的改革,准备冒一点风险。<br />
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胡耀邦:（点头）好!很好!<br />
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袁庚:总书记说了好,我们就记录在案,马上打报告这样做。<br />
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胡耀邦:（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿,在哪 ー出戏里我忘记了,讽刺官僚主义者,他不敢骂台上的官,只敢骂戏台上堂前 的鼓。有一段唱词说:“一棵大树腹中空,两头都是皮儿绷,每天上堂敲三下, R卜咚ゆ咚又ゆ咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛!（全场大笑）<br />
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党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印,想到ー块去了,这在蛇口的发 展史上,是应当大书特书的。<br />
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1983年4月24日,选举产生了蛇口エ业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22 日,按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票?组干处处长虞 德海说:“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的,信任票不足半数就 得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决,一定要搞信任投票。” 投票结果,管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数,袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上,全 部投票公开,任人查阅,尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐,如“某某能力低”“某某 不堪信任”之类,也不加掩饰。<br />
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这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。<br />
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四、“那里不肯放,就辞职!”<br />
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选举产生领导班子,定期举行信任投票,这是袁庚深思熟虑的ー项决定。他深<br />
深感到,不改革干部制度,不改变干部结构,任何改革都无从谈起,“四化”也只是 一句空话。<br />
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有的领导干部,居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人:“你们大学建多大的桥?” 问来访的美国客人:“英国人讲英语,你们美国人讲什么语?”还有人向中央领导同 志汇报他到香港考察的收获:“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯!”如此等等,令人 啼笑皆非。这样的干部,怎能担当建设“四化”的重任!<br />
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蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地）,指挥部只有 二十多个干部的时候,袁庚就开始考虑如何培育ー支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命 化的干部队伍。1981年,他排除阻カ,毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班,从全国 各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说,“我是个冒险家,为了蛇口的改革,我从 全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。<br />
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当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员,委托交通部下属的交通科 学院情报所代为主持,在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、 江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。<br />
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王潮梁!938年出生于江苏无锡,1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计 专业。早在1958年,他就参考外国的资料,在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫 原理,并和同学们一道造出了样品,在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对 飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是,在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年 代,几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机エ厂飞机设 计室任产品主管设计员,那时生产要听驻厂军代表的,而军代表只相信苏联专家和 苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料,翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂, 即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂,也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚 子气,却毫无办法。岁月如流,王潮梁搞了 17年飞机设计,却看到我们的飞机エ业 比印度还落后;又研制了四年的飞翔船,却看不到一艘飞翔船下水,那种壮志难酬 的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会,唯一的名额给了业务上 根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培 训班招生的广告时,他兴奋极了,“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方,去!”立刻把广告 剪下来,郑重地贴在本子上。<br />
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他第一个走进考场,第一个走出考场。笔试、面试,成绩优良。主持考试的情 报所林鸿慈同志下了结论:这是个人才,录取！<br />
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但是,在中国有一个很大的矛盾:生产资料是全民所有制,干部却是单位私有 制。ー个单位可以把ー个或ー批人才冷藏ー辈子<br />
<br />
长江航运科研所不肯放人。<br />
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198I年11月,袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他,向他汇 报了招生的情况,特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。<br />
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袁庚很激动。<br />
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“小王是不是党员?”<br />
<br />
“不是。”<br />
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“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量,开个头,那里不肯放,就辞职!我这 里收。最多就是人家去告状,最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先 例。告到国务院,我们就把这个同志的情况报上去,中央领导会支持我们。新华社 社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开’干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人 在单位不充分发挥作用,又不让调,这个局面不打开是不成的!”<br />
<br />
林鸿慈被袁庚打动了,写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁,同时通过各种渠道 去做说服、疏通工作。终于,用不着王潮梁辞职,单位同意放人了。1982年,王潮 梁来到蛇口工业区。<br />
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五、企业管理研究生<br />
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1982年12月的一天晚上,ー个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
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这是一次事先约定的会见。<br />
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年轻人叫余昌民,刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清 华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生,工作了八九年,深感中国企业管理的弊病 太多,1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年, 专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息,《读卖新闻》为 此发了专稿,登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了,干什么好呢?学校建议他到国家 经委属下的中国企业研究协会去,这当然是个专业对口的美差,但是在武汉工作的 爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候,蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。他每星期上街 去买《深圳特区报》,得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝,如饥似渴地加以研 究。不难判断,蛇口エ业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去!决心下定了,系 里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会,经朋友介绍,他就来登门拜访了。<br />
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会面的一瞬间,两个人互相观察了一下。<br />
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“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗?穿件中式棉袄,和一般的老干部没啥差别,不 是想象中的那个改革家的模样,而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真 的值得?”<br />
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真正的一闪念,没容余昌民多想,袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
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谈话开门见山。<br />
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“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里?”<br />
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“在于体制。”<br />
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“对了!”袁庚兴奋起来,侃侃而谈,“上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦,说 他们要一千人,劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用,那七百是搭配的闲人,你再要, 就再搭配,再多余,反正是大锅饭,大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了,还说这是社会主义 的优越性!这样,工厂冗员越来越多,工厂成了小社会,在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的, 形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ,败坏着我们的民族素质!这样的体制不改革,我们 就没有出路!”<br />
<br />
“我的ー篇论文,提出了企业的素质问题。”<br />
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“有何高见?”<br />
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“素质,好比基本作用,像女排,形成了她们的基本作风,就有战斗カ。”<br />
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“就把ー个企业比作球队吧,假如你是教练,别人随便塞人给你,你怎么办?”<br />
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“我不要。”<br />
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“不要不行!”<br />
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“那我不干。”<br />
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“对了,就得这样。”<br />
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一老ー少,越谈越投机,彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处ー闪而过的那点 疑虑也完全打消了。<br />
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“我们这里可要冒点风险。”<br />
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“正因为这样オ要去,建设好了还去干什么?”<br />
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“你个人有什么要求?”<br />
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“只要求家属ー起去。”<br />
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“这个我们来办。”<br />
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两个月后,余昌民父亲去世,回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化,系里要留他。 企业管理系刚刚建立,工作需要,理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚 飞往蛇口,收不回来了。<br />
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1983年3月,袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客,系里派余昌民随行。系 领导的目的,是让校长对余昌民有个印象,说服他留下来,同时出面解决他家属的 户ロ问题。<br />
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谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口,袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有,余昌 民暗示要做刘达的工作。<br />
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余昌民再一次请求:“校长,让我来蛇口吧。”<br />
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“系里要我帮忙留你,我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。<br />
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袁庚一再要求支持:“刘达同志,把小余给我们吧,我们迫切需要企业管理的专 门人才。”<br />
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刘达心动了。这位参加过“ー二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
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回去后,余昌民给系里写了报告,对系里的教育培养表示感谢,说明清华企业 管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设,这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都 至关重要。<br />
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问题迎刃而解。7月,夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。<br />
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当余昌民到エ业区大楼报到的时候,在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉 着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口,边走边说:“你是研究企业管理的,你先熟悉ー 下情况,有把握了再谈工作……”<br />
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袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信,其中有一段话:<br />
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关于小余的事,同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失ー小余,无妨 大局,蛇口得之,如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下,エ业区将受其惠。<br />
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重感情的刘达,把这封信送给了余昌民,让他留作永久的纪念。<br />
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六、星期天的早晨<br />
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星期天早晨8点钟,顾立基刚起床,洗了脸,正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同 学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的,大家都熬了夜,现在让他们多睡一会儿 吧。顾立基轻手轻脚,唯恐弄出一点声音来。<br />
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“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗?”<br />
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门外传来ー个声音。顾立基一看,走廊上站着ー个六十多岁的老人和一个 姑娘。<br />
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“我就是顾立基,您是?”<br />
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“我是袁庚,蛇口的袁庚〇”老人首先伸出手来,“这是我女儿尼亚,她不放心我 的身体,一定要陪我来,其实我的身体还可以。你看,骑了半小时车子,轻松愉快。”<br />
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顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 他深受感动。<br />
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“我们到楼下谈吧,同学们还在睡觉。”<br />
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楼下有一张靠背长椅,三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨,不冷不热,阳光和煦, 轻风拂面,校园一片宁静的气氛。<br />
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“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会?”<br />
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“是的,现在会员有一千多人了,成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。”<br />
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“还听说你想当厂长?”<br />
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“您的信息很灵通啊,”顾立基笑了, “我是说过想当厂长,为此还惹过ー些麻 烦呢。”<br />
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“什么麻烦?”<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。”<br />
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“岂有此理!想当个厂长是什么野心!’不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’,这 是拿破仑说的还是谁说的? 一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对!”<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的,但是我感到中国更需要管理人才,所以主动旁听了企业管理 系研究生的全部课程。”<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧,我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班,要培养大量的管理人才。”<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像,我的心就动了,只是还没下定决心。”<br />
<br />
“现在呢?”<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了,去蛇口。”<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗?”<br />
<br />
有什么困难? 1982年的初夏,社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的,有人在 报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界,影射特区有变成租界的危险,造成一股无形的压 力,因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些,可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的 人在ー起,冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去,下属工厂任他挑选,这 些,对他有一定的吸引力。他自从!967年中学毕业,1968年进上海印染机械修配 厂,十年中当过锅炉エ、车エ、錠エ、钳エ、电エ,当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不 惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为,1974年顾立基和他们争吵过ー 次,挨了批斗,却受到工人们的同情,和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要 毕业了 ,朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查,他是材料组的负责 人,如果不来上大学,早就走上领导岗位了,现在回去,工作安排是不成问题的。但 是,陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大,他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的 是,母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房,姐妹们都在外地,母亲 希望他留在身边,爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口,使他动了感情,他滔 滔不绝地发起议论来。<br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办ー个工业区 呢?为了在那块地方搞改革,搞全面的改革,从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度,都 要改,不改就没有出路。过去三十年,极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。 1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候,海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体,都是青年,他们为什 么要跑?因为我们穷!<br />
<br />
“’四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’,越搞跑的人越多。ー些村子的青壮年几乎跑 光了,真叫人欲哭无泪!蛇口对面就是香港的元朗,相隔只有6000米,晴天能看到 它的高楼,它就是在我们’十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了, 必须把经济搞上去,这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公 里,对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛,我们改革成功了,对全国就有很大 的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛,无伤大局。当然,我们一定要尽最大的 努力,争取成功,避免失败。我们这ー代人是老了,当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时 候,时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……”<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动,身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚,望 着自己的父亲,眼睛也有点热了……<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来,当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书,1984年4月被聘为 办公室主任。<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚,因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口,听说顾立基6日 ー早要去香港,5日晚我去登门拜访。<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告,我为 了听这个报告,推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的,谁都可以听,欢迎你去。”ー见面 顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗?”<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难,他在蛇口不会待太久,一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告, 你最好陪他回宿舍ーー他儿子的住处,或者宾馆,这样边走边谈,可以谈十来分 钟……”<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗?<br />
<br />
不管怎样,先听听他的报告再说吧。<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半,袁庚的报告准时开始。<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影,大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。 今天这个会也叫新闻发布会,街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂,基本上坐满 了,放眼望过去,都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。<br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上, 顾立基主持大会。<br />
<br />
ー开始,袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕,只讲个把钟头。”<br />
<br />
人们笑了,其实怕的是他讲得太短。<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问,历时23天,访问了 4个国家、16个公司、18个城市,从新加坡 开始,往西到英国,再到美国、日本,整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处,受到隆重的、 破格的接待,我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们 四个人,而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化,在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到 做蛇口人的光荣。”<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张,出国访问要花自己的钱,花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、 软弱的地位。这次出访,他们带了 20万美金的信用卡,足够用了,所到之处都坚持 这个原则,唯独在新加坡失灵了。那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系,但新加 坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检,从飞机场ー直送到最高级的香格里拉大 酒店,袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前,这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫 人;在他之后,住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨）,每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观 什么项目,全部满足要求。临走结账时,酒店经理说:“在你们到来之前,已经有人 付了全部费用。”<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁,英国老板们在海员罢エ浪潮的 冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们,给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深 刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说:“我们原打算3年之内种植 20万株月季,把蛇口建成玫瑰之城,现在看来太落后了……”<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国,主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡,大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔,华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民,交给他一把金钥匙。女 市长在宴会上说:“我是百分之百的中国人,也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说:“我 很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判,就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过, “在经济问题上,兄弟无情,六亲不认!何况是与外国人谈判「’<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前,有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过 的曲折。<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日,袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件,大家听了很高兴,但我们不要高兴得过早。不 要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了,但官僚主义、 红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事,还是有的。例如我们正在谈判 的浮法玻璃厂,到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃,为什么不准我们用 最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ?最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局 交涉。她们去的时候,人家一口答应,讲你们回去好了,但等我们企业室派人带合 同去盖章的时候,又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干,他们讲:‘你们派了记 者、作家来,我敢不答应吗?弄得不好,你们要写报告文学,写内参,我受得了 吗,？……”<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨,交涉了九个月,オ过了国内这ー关。<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判,当然不可能用这么长的时间,但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想 而知的。<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂,简直是一座玻璃城!它生产各式各样 的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃,用25磅大锤从20米外打去,地皮都震动了,玻璃却安 然无恙。我们和美国合资,投资ー亿美元,引进一座同样的エ厂,买他的专利,以后 我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点,集中在每年所付专利费 占销售总额的百分比上。<br />
<br />
美方要6%,我们还价4% 〇<br />
<br />
美方降到5%,我们加到4.5%。<br />
<br />
寸利必争,形成僵局。<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。<br />
<br />
“先生们,我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针,2000年前发明了火药,全人类 <br />
都在享受这些伟大的成果,可是他们从来没有要过什么专利,我们作为后代从来没 有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋,而是觉得光荣。请问各位,那时候你们的祖先在哪 里?恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前,是不是毛特别多……”<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前,一个个咧嘴笑了。<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕,我的意思不是不付专利费,而是要求公平合理r’<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格,坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们,说不 定会抗议呢!“你骂我们的祖先,是可忍,孰不可忍ド’<br />
<br />
终于达成协议:4.75%,为期!0年。<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进ー个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂,专利 费是5% ,时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处,绝不能走 美国的路!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退,エ业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走,他们还 有点生气,现在停滞不前了。<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方,转移到太平洋 沿岸。<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了,现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈,今天 下午四点半ー踏上蛇口码头,就感到无比的清新,感到ー草一木都非常亲切。<br />
<br />
“10月1日,蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话,那是大家的 功劳！<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的,思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上,我们ー定要 赶上和超过他们!”<br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时,宣布散会了,大家意犹未尽。<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了,我放弃了跟上去的打算。<br />
<br />
ハ、“搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
8月7日,袁庚开了一整天会,据说8日也不会有空,而9日ー早又要回香港 了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上,我给他写了一封信,说明这一次 如果不能和他交谈,我将等待,直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨,我把这封信 交给了エ业区党委副书记乔胜利,请他转交。<br />
<br />
8日上午,我到办公大楼访问王潮梁,两人刚坐下来,办公室副主任黄振超匆<br />
<br />
匆忙忙地叫我:“袁董回来了,快去见他!”<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉,说明另改时间,急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的,中间隔着大块的透明玻璃,老远就看 见了袁庚,他手里正拿着一大摞文件。<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候,黄振超在旁边向他说明:“只是见见面,不会占你很多 时间。”<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说:<br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的?来搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了,而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。我 知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。梁宪说过,前几年在北京开会,有一天袁庚 看了张洁的小说《爱,是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章,问他:“你认识这个作家 吗?咱们把她请到蛇口去!”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所 了解的,“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。<br />
<br />
我也笑着说:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋,要写你和蛇口。”<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下,舒服地往藤椅上一靠,摆出了准备 谈ー阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好,这里问题多得 很,改革每前进ー步都要经过斗争,到处充满着矛盾。”<br />
<br />
我说:“正是这一点吸引了我。”<br />
<br />
“ー个国家没有民主是不行的,而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。 我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国,政治家演说,群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿 扔他,他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的,但这ー套对巩固资产阶级的统 治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底,孙中山是 想搞民主的,他死得太早,没搞成。中华民族是伟大的,但是历史的包袱太重了。”<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿,她在美国学企业管理,谈起来也说:在 美国深有感慨,感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重〇<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族,就没有什么框框,我在报告会上也说了,他们的总督牌香烟广 告有一句口号是’想做就去做’,这句话香港也接受不了,译成’应做就去做’〇当 然,想干什么就干什么是不行的,但我们许多应干的事却干不成。”<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历,他扼要地做了回答,着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命” 中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时,这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来,<br />
<br />
微笑着站在那里不动,我知道是催他去开会,我们的谈话该结束了。<br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志,我们马上又赶到 太子宾馆,和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢,对监狱内外情形 都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说:<br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨,出来就蔦儿了,可是他不,他的劲头反而更大了。”<br />
<br />
我心里说:这オ是袁庚!<br />
<br />
过了几天,乔胜利对陈宜浩说:“袁董看了我的信,答应下次回来再和我谈。” 可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。<br />
<br />
8月25日上午,我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息,急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联 系。但是太迟了,他过了中午又要回香港,而上午的时间已经排满,就在和我通话 的时候,他不得不放下电话去开门。他说:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧,不要紧的,我们没有秘密。”<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访,ー时想不齐全,只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字, 他ーー做了回答:“这些也要发表吗?”我说:“不一定发表。”他说:“发表也没关系, 那天我讲话外国人也听了。”<br />
<br />
我说:“将来排出校样,送给你看看好吗?免得事实有出入。”<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查,出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的,难免出点差 错。捅点娄子也不要紧。”<br />
<br />
“好了,谢谢您。”<br />
<br />
“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。<br />
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一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观,来到铝材厂门口时,他向学 员们介绍:这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人,23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起 来,大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停エ,ー个工人从高处摔下来受了伤,他的哥哥跑 过去看了看,见弟弟没有生命危险,便又回去干活了。<br />
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袁庚说:“日本不富没有天理!中国改革不富也没有天理!”<br />
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现在我想说:蛇口的改革不成功没有天理!<br />
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九、大鹏魂<br />
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66岁的袁庚,魁梧、潇洒,兼有外交家和实业家的风度,具有一种吸引人的魅 カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢?<br />
拨开历史的迷雾,我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。<br />
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他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园,算 是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。<br />
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1935年,他毕业于广州广雅中学,随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测 量员,他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校,陈济棠下台后,这家军校成了国民党中央军 校的分校。在学校里,袁庚是活跃的足球门将,练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕 业,他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官,ー个个腐化不堪,对民族危亡无动于衷,便愤 然回到故乡大鹏镇,担任第一小学校长,同时兼任地方自卫队教官。<br />
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学校是国民党办的,自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的,但是学校和自卫队中都有 中共地下党员。<br />
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戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚,在当地是ー个重要人物,三种政治力量对他都很 重视。<br />
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中共地下县委书记王文,和他住到ー起,亲自考察他。<br />
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革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
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1939年3月27日,袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党,从这ー 天起,他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。<br />
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当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党 的漫画,刺痛了国民党区党部,他的处境变得危险了,党组织于!939年冬天把他转 移到党领导的抗日游击队,从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子, 像大鹏ー样展翅高飞了。<br />
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抗日战争期间,美军作为盟军,在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组,担任东纵联 络处处长的袁庚,和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示,东纵和美 军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报,对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。<br />
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日寇投降时,英军远在缅甸,ー个海军少将只率领ー营人乘航空母舰赶到香 港。他的兵力不足以维持治安,要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央,中 央复电:为了对付国民党的内战阴谋,坚决撤离港九地区;同时要求在香港设立联 络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判,袁庚不辱使命,漂亮地完成了任务,并成为驻 香港办事处的第一任主任,这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能 想到,历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折,二十多年后,这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。<br />
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十、秦城监狱<br />
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1968年4月6日,袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家,到机关去上班。北京的4月 初,春寒料峭,风沙迷眼,加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报,形成一片肃杀气氛,使袁 庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作,刚告一段落,还来不及喘口气, 就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息,他于愤 懑中保持着镇定。<br />
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回到办公室不久,有人通知:“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门,看到 除部长之外,还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长,面孔板得像 ー座木雕。<br />
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“袁庚,你被捕了!”<br />
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下午,机关召开大会,部长在会上宣布:“袁庚是美国特务,已经依法逮捕。”袁 庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和 刘丹ー,互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周 总理安全的情景,记忆犹新,那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间,周旋于华侨社会 之中,眼睛熬红了,人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场,天理何在?!<br />
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与此同时,汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中,勒令交出所有的钥匙,开始抄家。 翻箱倒柜,从下午抄到天黑,然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时,オ发现三个 孩子被关在门外不准进家,左邻右舍也不敢收留,孩子们在抹眼泪……<br />
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从此以后,袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里,也不知是死是 活,到哪里打听都说不知道。!969年,汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校,孩 子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”,但作为“反革命家属”， 她只能干最脏最累的活,如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎,痛得胳膊抬 不起来,医生建议回北京治疗,干校就是不准。直到!972年初夏,她的大孩子中印 就要下乡插队了,她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服,打点行装,オ被批准。<br />
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1972年7月,袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后,有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去 探监。“他还活着,他还活着!”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。<br />
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汪宗谦心酸地发现,袁庚行走困难,说话声音也变了,而且他不知道当时是何 年何月！<br />
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原来监狱里日夜亮着灯,犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替,失去了时间的概念;<br />
睡觉时只准脸朝外,一条腿总是压在下边,时间长了造成萎缩;长期不讲话,声带都 沙哑了。<br />
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我曾经听说,袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西,只有放风时在天井里看到 墙根的小草。问他是不是这样,他说:<br />
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“不,还有蚂蚁,我对蚂蚁很有研究。”<br />
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这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量!<br />
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汪宗谦见过了袁庚,就为救他而奔走了。<br />
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“没见他不知道他死活,既然知道他还活着,我就怕他死了!问题还没搞清,死 了孩子们都得背黑锅呀!他住在楼上,要到楼下的天井放风,上下都很辛苦,我到 中央接待站去上访,请求把他搬到楼下来,这个要求被接受了。”<br />
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袁庚搬到楼下的ー间房,发现席子底下有一团花白的头发,他判断这里关过ー 个五十多岁的女同志。后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事,王光美 说:“没错,正是我住过的那间房。”<br />
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袁庚出狱,已是1973年9月30日,整整关了 5年半。<br />
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在狱中,睡觉时只要一转身,看守就在外边敲门。夜晚,敲门声常常把人惊醒。 袁庚回到家里,刚一入睡就惊醒了,这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年,这种心悸 病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能,却用了更长的时间。每天,汪宗谦搀 着袁庚,ー步,ー步,慢慢地走,越走越远,越走越快,走了一年之久,两条腿オ恢复 了平衡。<br />
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更可悲的是,有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子,出来不会走直路了,一走就 转圈,连马路也不能过。人啊,人！人的尊严到哪里去了！<br />
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经过一年多的休养治疗,1975年,袁庚被分配到交通部,当了外事局副局长。<br />
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ー恢复工作,袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体ー样活跃起来。<br />
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恢复工作之前,袁庚骑自行车上街,总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道,“不能开 慢点吗” !恢复工作之后,自己也坐上了小汽车,有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了, “不能靠边骑吗” !他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化,在心里警告自己道: “可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀!”<br />
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多年来,这成了他的一个信条。<br />
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十ー、香港第一课<br />
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1978年,做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚,以花甲之年改行搞经济,被派<br />
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到香港招商局担任副董事长。<br />
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招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日,招商局 香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱,从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。 历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长,所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。 从李鸿章算起,袁庚是第29任了。<br />
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香港招商局在极'左‘思想影响之下,经营单一,困守一隅,搞了几十年没有什 么发展。袁庚到任,根据中央定下的“以航运为中心,立足港澳,背靠内地,面向海 外,多种经营,工商结合,买卖结合”的方针,以铁腕大力整顿。<br />
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袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说:<br />
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“我到香港的第一课,就是买了一座大楼,非常便宜,只花了 6180万（港币）。 第一次交订金时,支票2000万。那天是星期五,当时讲好下午2点钟,在ー个律师 楼里,大家一手交钱,一手交货。我们开了 2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的 对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里,发动机都没有停。ー上去之后,大 家一手交货,一手交钱,签字。签完字,对方拿着支票,两个人夹住,下去了。剩下 ー个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度,马上存到银行里去了。 因为明天是礼拜六了,人家银行关门,礼拜天也关门,假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前 不到银行去交那个支票的话,他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支 票交给他。我们的财务去了,他回来向我们报告,他说当时那个场面是很动人的。 当然,我们闭着眼睛也能想到,资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重 视,当时浮动利息是!4厘,三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志,那就 无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去,回家。他没有这个观念!这就是香港第一课。 我也不怕自惭形秽,ー窍不通,我接触经济工作,仅仅是5年多前开始的。但ー开 始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多!招商局的子公司多的是,ー检查,发现支 票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了 ,换了一个华东 财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后,我就给他讲这个道理,ー个礼拜之内他就能够接 受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事,立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后,财源 滚滚而来。……这个’时间就是金钱’,不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我,其实 这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’,它说得比我还 厉害,时间重于金钱!”<br />
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招商局走上轨道,袁庚就考虑进ー步的发展了。1979年初,他和有关同志带 着在蛇口开发エ业区的蓝图,到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志 很感兴趣,当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给エ业区,袁庚还没有这个胆量,只要了<br />
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2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候,袁庚心里默默 地说:<br />
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“先念同志,签吧,您这ー笔下去,将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀!”<br />
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十二、淸新<br />
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1984年8月,蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅,迎面是ー架屏 风,正中间挂着一幅草书,苍劲流畅的书法,引人注目,细看那内容,更是气度非凡。 这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本,把它抄了下来。<br />
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登微波楼<br />
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微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
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时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
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宝安袁庚<br />
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我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
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我有同感。<br />
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蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
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六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
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晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
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啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
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十三、心血<br />
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清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
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ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
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1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
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这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
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施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
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午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
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下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
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厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
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的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
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我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
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我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
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龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
<br />
“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
<br />
“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
<br />
“你有什么打算?”<br />
<br />
“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
<br />
“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
<br />
“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
<br />
在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
<br />
十五、激动的工程师<br />
<br />
7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
<br />
蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
<br />
边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
<br />
“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
<br />
的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
<br />
“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
<br />
46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
<br />
他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
<br />
王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
<br />
袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
<br />
管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
<br />
当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
<br />
“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
<br />
“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
<br />
“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
<br />
“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
<br />
“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
<br />
“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
<br />
“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
<br />
“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
<br />
“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
<br />
了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
<br />
父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
<br />
“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
<br />
当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
<br />
“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
<br />
“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
<br />
“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
<br />
“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
<br />
第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
<br />
12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
<br />
1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
<br />
王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
<br />
“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
<br />
“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
<br />
“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
<br />
“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
<br />
“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
<br />
“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
<br />
“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
<br />
王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
<br />
十六、年轻的总经理<br />
<br />
一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
<br />
说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
<br />
“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
<br />
只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
<br />
她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
<br />
“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
<br />
“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
<br />
“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
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“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
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上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
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蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20230630_Classics&diff=15510820230630 Classics2023-05-04T03:36:11Z<p>Xie Jiayu: </p>
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<div>[[File:]]=Final Exam Papers=<br />
Please think of a topic in relation to Chinese classics and their reception history in the West and list your topic with your name here. As soon as it will be approved by the teacher, you can start writing in one of the sub-websites beneath (see bottom of the page).<br />
* Topic, 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi Current Situation of the Communication and Reflections on the English Tranlstaion of The Art of War<br />
* Topic, 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi<br />
* Topic, 李心田 Li Xintian On the Translation and Reception History of the Tao Te Ching<br />
* Topic, 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia The Translation and Transmission of the Yijing in the West<br />
* Topic, 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu On the Dissemination and Translation of the Analects in the West<br />
* Topic, 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan On the C-E Translation of Body Metaphors in ''Na Han'' from the Perspective of Skopos Theory<br />
* Topic, 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan On the Communication Effect in the English Translation of The Analects of Confucius<br />
* Topic, 陈婧 Chen Jing<br />
* Topic, 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu<br />
* Topic, 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi The Translation of Shijing and Its Dissemination in the Western World<br />
* Topic, 付静 Fu Jing<br />
* Topic, 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong (Saitova Madina) The Evolution of Chinese Female Characters Perception in the West Based on Ancient Chinese Literature<br />
* Topic, Mohammed Ali Saleh ALi Al AWDI Systematic Literature Review of the History of English translations of the Dream of the Red Chamber <br />
* Topic, 李彦 Li Yan The Reception and Influence of the I Ching (Book of Changes) in the West<br />
* Topic, 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing<br />
* Topic, 王芳玲 Wang Fangling。The Influence of Confucianism on Western Philosophy and Ethics<br />
<br />
<span style="color:red">The deadline has been extended to '''June 5, 2023'''. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) and sign until June 5. The author then finalizes (works in the suggestions) until the final deadline June 15!</span> Altogether 5,000 English words.<br />
==Structure==<br />
需要有topic、学生姓名、学号、专业、Abstract、Key words、题目、摘要、关键词、不同的章回（比如1. Introduction、2. ...、3. ……、4.……、5. Conclusion、References)、然后还需要每个阶段以后有来源。一个阶段不要超过100英文词。每个章回会有几个阶段没问题。每个阶段以后需要一个同学的这个阶段的修改。总共5千个英文词。<br />
<br />
==Tips for writing your final exam paper: How to indicate your references==<br />
*You can use the existing book chapters here as an example.<br />
*Please write the text and indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. And then, you need to add a section at the end called "References". There you write the full version of the reference: Liu Miqing 刘宓庆. (2010). ''翻译基础'' [Translation Basis]. Shanghai: East China Normal University 华东师范大学. Similarly, you do it for papers: Jin Wenlu 靳文璐. (2019). 机器翻译可以取代人工翻译吗? [Can machine translation replace human translation?]. ''智库时代'' Think Tank Times (40) 282-284.<br />
*Do '''not''' write any references like in one of the sample chapters:<br />
<br />
[1] dsalkfkdsa<br />
<br />
[2] adsfadsfag<br />
<br />
But only the following way:<br />
<br />
(Liu Miqing 2010, 17) in the text<br />
<br />
and then<br />
<br />
'''References'''<br />
*Jin Wenlu 靳文璐. (2019). 机器翻译可以取代人工翻译吗? [Can machine translation replace human translation?]. ''智库时代'' Think Tank Times (40) 282-284.<br />
*Liu Miqing 刘宓庆. (2010). ''翻译基础'' [Translation Basis]. Shanghai: East China Normal University 华东师范大学.<br />
<br />
Also, please avoid using the three apostrophes like ' ' ' (without spaces). Use the equal signs to mark headers and subheaders instead. If your paper topic has two equal signs at the beginning and end of your topic, then use three equal signs for your sub headers. Example (without spaces):<br />
= = Topic = =<br />
< c e n t e r > Student Name, Student no. < / c e n t e r ><br />
= = = Abstract = = =<br />
This chapter is on ....<br />
= = = Key Words = = =<br />
Egg, Hen<br />
= = = 题目 = = =<br />
= = = 摘要 = = =<br />
= = = 关键词 = = =<br />
= = = Introduction = = =<br />
Here starts the normal text of the chapter. Please remember to indicate the source of EACH PARAGRAPH, sometimes even of single sentences. You can indicate it like this. (Woesler 2020, 345) And don't forget to mention the full bibliographical entry beneath under ''References''.<br />
= = = The Egg = = =<br />
Bla, bla, bla<br />
= = = The Hen = = =<br />
Bla, bla, bla<br />
= = = Conclusion = = =<br />
Bla, bla, bla<br />
= = = References = = =<br />
Woesler, Martin. (2020). Responsibility and Ethics in Times of Corona. Woesler, Martin and Hans-Martin Sass eds. ''Medicine and Ethics in Times of Corona'' Muenster: LIT<br />
<br />
==Sample papers==<br />
You can find the full papers also on the Webpage [[History of Translation Studies]]). They are marked with "Sample paper".<br />
* A Comparative Study between Functional Equivalence Theory and Skopos Theory and My thoughts on the Two Theories<br />
* An Analysis of the Book of Contemporary Translation Theories and Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications<br />
* Comparative Study on Functional Equivalence Theory and Skopos Theroy<br />
* Comparison of Derrida’s and Benjamin’s Translation View<br />
* Impacts of Western Translation Theories on The Translator’s Guide to Chinglish<br />
* On the Comparison between "Sublimation" an "Functonal Equivalence" Theories<br />
* Study on Gladys’ Translation of The Border Town from the Perspective of Translation Aesthetics<br />
* The Translation of Culture-loaded Words in Chinese-English Communication<br />
* Translators' Views on Translation Influence Their Translation Behavior<br />
<br />
==Sub-Websites to write your final exam paper on==<br />
[[20230630_final_exam|final exam page]]<br />
<br />
As a reference, here is the information about last year's final exam papers:<br />
<br />
The website where everybody wrote their final exam paper on became too big and produced a database error. Therefore we split the website into 10 small websites. They are sorted like the chapters in the book. Please look for your name and find the right of the 10 small websites to edit your book chapter. Everybody also needs to help to improve other book chapters (copy a paragraph, paste it beneath, make your corrections in the paragraph and sign it).<br />
<br />
Here you can write your Final Exam Papers:<br />
<br />
*[https://bou.de/u/wiki/History_of_Translation_Studies_1 Part 1, (samples)]<br />
*[https://bou.de/u/wiki/History_of_Translation_Studies_2 Part 2, (samples)]<br />
*[[20230630_final_exam_01]] First group of students: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi, 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi <br />
*[[20230630_final_exam_02]] 2nd group of students: 李心田 Li Xintian, 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia<br />
*[[20230630_final_exam_03]] 3rd group of students: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu, 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan<br />
*[[20230630_final_exam_04]] 4th group of students: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan, 陈婧 Chen Jing<br />
*[[20230630_final_exam_05]] 5th group of students: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu, 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi<br />
*[[20230630_final_exam_06]] 6th group of students: 付静 Fu Jing, 夏玲珑 Madina<br />
*[[20230630_final_exam_07]] 7th group of students: Mohammed AWDI, 李彦 Li Yan<br />
*[[20230630_final_exam_08]] 8th group of students: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing, 王芳玲 Wang Fangling</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=155077Report CN EN 032023-04-24T11:38:59Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：5.痴情 */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情==<br />
<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with long hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old, civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies were always covered; whereas in the West, people loved nudity, which seemed to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个一丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there was a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush and painting a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting was not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, had you ever thought that some of us would cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us would stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, would come like snowflakes. You might even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Were you fearless, or seized by a whim? You were out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he was painting.<br />
<br />
他站在一间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着ー支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着一张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stood in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looked disheveled, and his bosom was stained with different colors. His hair was long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there was a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exactly did you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it was today. The platforms were clean, the corridors were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the southern regions of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North...<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像ー块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and a black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with the excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man -- that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes..."<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me..."<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows--the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"A business trip? Or visiting family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student in Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone..."<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What..."<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break..."<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man."<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. Resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
"So I don't understand art..."<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多少欢聚与悲离的 故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉一线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小伙子,而是一个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
During the long journey, as the young people of the same generation, it was the fate to meet each other in this running train! In life, many stories of reunion and departure were drawn by the heavy line across the land! The girl was close to the small table by the window, resting her chin in the hand, listening to the young man talk, and watching his expression. It seemed that he was not a young guy, but a strong and confident man. Calculating his age, he was even a few years older than the girl. Why did he give that illusion before? Alas, the age of men was really hard to guess...<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为一个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是一个有抱负、有才华的人!”<br />
<br />
Out of the female’s sensitivity, the girl suddenly felt shy and embarrassed. The condescending arrogance that she had just showed was now reversed and replaced by her hazy admiration. The girl looked at the painter's dress again, and the non-matching colors of black and red were not so conspicuous. Although the painter's cotton jacket was still so black, the collar of the underwear was still so crooked, and the hair was still so disheveled, in the eyes of the girl, they all became the evidence that the young man was a bachelor who was immersed in art and had no time to take care of himself, which touched the girl's heart of compassion: "It seems that he is an ambitious and talented man!"<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
The painter took out his drawing board, spread the paper and said to the girl, "Please allow me to make a sketch of you."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
The girl nodded her head.<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简直像一个拙笨的新手。好半天,才抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
The painter drew very slowly, feeling ill at ease. The more he tried to draw well, the more nervous he became, and the brush was out of control. He was like a clumsy novice. After a long time, he apologized and said, "Sorry, I didn’t draw well..."<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来一看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会”了画家的灵犀。<br />
<br />
When the girl took it and looked, two red clouds rose on her cheeks. This sketch was not as good as the one of the mechanic, and those rigid lines were flaws of the work. To say it bluntly, she looked uglier in the painting than she really was. Is that what I look like? The girl had a reason to make a protest. However, she understood and forgave the painter with a sweet smile. Honestly, she didn't even want to see him too calm, too relaxed, like facing the model in the studio. The girl no longer regarded "resemblance in appearance" as so important, and she “understood tacitly” the painter's spirit.<br />
<br />
画纸的一角是签名和年月——袁运生,画于1964年2月。<br />
<br />
In one corner of the paper were the signature and date--Yuan Yunsheng, painted in February 1964.<br />
<br />
画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "Give it to you."<br />
<br />
姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
<br />
The girl said, "Thank you, I’ll keep it as a memory."<br />
<br />
“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信地址?”<br />
<br />
"You see, I was so careless that I forgot to ask your name." The painter said, "Could you write down your mailing address?"<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
<br />
The girl smiled: "My name is Zhang Lanying." And she wrote down the address on the painter's sketchbook.<br />
<br />
火车抵达浦口,他们已经像一对熟识的老朋友了。从一个艺术型的医学院学生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
<br />
When the train arrived in Pukou, they already looked like two old friends. Many common temperaments could be found between an artistic medical student and a serious artist. The passengers on the same train thought they had known each other for a long time and treated them as a couple, saying goodbye to them with the appellation of “you two”.<br />
<br />
画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空一样清澈,像江水一样深沉……<br />
<br />
The painter sent the girl to the shore of the Yangtze River, a wet wind blowing from the river. It was time to part, and both of them were reluctant to leave. Lanying looked at Yuan Yunsheng with the warm and fond gaze, and that means everything! As clear as the sky, as deep as the river...<br />
<br />
呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江交织起来的一见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
Heh! Pretty girl, you were too sentimental. Did you know him? The story of love at first sight, woven by the main Beijing-Pukou line and the winding Yangtze River, was too indiscreet.<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
<br />
The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River<br />
<br />
在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,一只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认真地涂抹着油彩,画出一个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
<br />
In the days of glorious morning light of the 1950s, a young boy's delicate hand, holding a paintbrush, was earnestly spreading the paint on the linen to draw a little girl with the same earnest expression, who was imitating her sister's movement, tying a bright red scarf around her neck.<br />
<br />
这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐一样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
<br />
This oil painting was sent from Nantong in Jiangsu Province to Beijing as an assignment for applying for the highest academy of arts, presenting the young painter’s sparkling artistic talent and a crystal-clear heart. The title was "Growing up to be like my sister", painted by Yuan Yunsheng.<br />
<br />
看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年除夕送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出一批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的艺术功底。<br />
<br />
When looking at this oil painting, people might think that the painter had a soft and gentle femininity. In fact, he was just the opposite. He was stubborn and unrestrained, like a boisterous colt. His love of painting since childhood was mainly influenced by his father. His father worked in a middle school in Nantong. In his spare time, he enthusiastically collected various fine art works. Every year on the New Year’s Eve, they would bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new, and his father would always hang a number of new paintings on the wall, including Chinese and foreign ones, like a small exhibition, full of the atmosphere of the art salon. The paintings collected at home gave Yuan Yunsheng some enlightenment in art. When he got a little bit older, he went to the Cultural Center in Nantong to participate in activities, attend lectures, learn to sketch, and paint, laying the first foundation of art.<br />
<br />
当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来一副犟脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
<br />
When he applied to the Central Academy of Fine Arts, his father said with worry: "The boy was born with stubbornness, which makes us uneasy."<br />
<br />
哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,一个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人 需要有个性。”<br />
<br />
His brother Yuan Yunfu, who was also involved in fine art, kept cheering him on: "Go ahead. people involved in fine art needs to have a personality."<br />
<br />
1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
<br />
In the summer of 1955, the Central Academy of Fine Arts announced the admission of new students, Yuan Yansheng ranking the first.<br />
<br />
如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画派。这是19世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画就像一部小说或一出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝圣者像请佛一样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
<br />
If Yuan Yunsheng's work for the entrance examination could be classified as a certain school of art, it would be the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions. It was a progressive school of painting that emerged in Russia in the 19th century. It simulated life, emphasized themes, and focused on plot. A painting was like a novel or a play. It inherited Rembrandt’s tradition of realism and absorbed the Impressionism’s achievements in the use of light and color. After the October Revolution, it enjoyed the supreme position in the Soviet art circle and was invited to China by Chinese pilgrims, like inviting the Buddha. Of course, Yuan Yunsheng, only 17 years old, did not know the essence of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, let alone that the school of art was linked to the school of politics.<br />
<br />
他像奔跑在艺术山野 里的小鹿,一头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
<br />
Like a fawn running in the wilderness of art, he bumped into the arms of Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions.<br />
<br />
袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身 好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件 和艺术才能的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖力气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严格的训练——<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng was highly regarded by the academy. He was born in a good family (it was rare to have such a family background at that time) and excelled in the examination. He sat in the first-year classroom with a nimbus of political condition and artistic talent hanging over his head. He was elected as the commissary of Communist Youth League in charge of organization, who was totally the epitome of a socialist-minded and professionally competent man. He was also a real hard worker, and was very stubborn, taking everything seriously. Under the guidance of Soviet-style teaching methods, he received strict training--<br />
<br />
挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与被画者保持绝对的耐性 。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面”,画上一整天,只画了半个头像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履的中年人走过来,这是礼聘 来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供同学们观摩。<br />
<br />
Choosing a HB pencil, and sharpening it, and sketching in front of male and female models. The models were recruited at a very high price, both nude and non-nude. Under certain lights, the painter and the object stayed absolutely patient. He sketched out the outline at first, figured out the “light and plane”, and then drew all day long, only to have half picture of the head; the next day, the same scene was repeated under the same conditions; then, a middle-aged man with a high nose and deep eyes, dressed in a suit, came over, who was an expert invited cordially. Whenever he passed behind Yuan Yunsheng, his face often showed a look of satisfaction. Yuan Yunsheng got five points for all his sketches and oil paintings, which were sometimes hung in the classroom or in the corridor for students to watch.<br />
<br />
这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉柯夫教学体系。袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀——苏联在中国土地上开办的艺术工厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
<br />
That year, a sketch and oil painting teaching conference of national fine art academies was held in Beijing to promote the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union. A half-length portrait of a Chinese woman painted by Yuan Yunsheng was shown off on the conference--a standard mode produced by the art factory of the Soviet Union in China.<br />
<br />
苏联专家的宠儿 ,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
<br />
He was the favorite of the Soviet experts, and the pride of the Oil Painting Department. He had a lot of success and a bright future. He immersed himself in the painting all day long, with his hand keeping waving, like a devout disciple prostrating himself before his art idol, and praying that his soul would ascend to the temple of art, seating on a throne surrounded by roses with a crown of pearls… It was the highest ideal for college students majoring in oil painting at that time.<br />
<br />
但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
<br />
But the naive faith was not solid, like an edifice built on a thin and narrow foundation, which could easily collapse. Once it was subverted, it could cause endless troubles.<br />
<br />
苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便朝那里走去。他停在一帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来一阵电灼般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
<br />
Distress had come to him, and he brought it upon himself. One morning, he heard that there was an exhibition of paintings being held in the hall, and went there. He stopped in front of a sequence of copies of the oil paintings, casting a calm glance upon it, and his whole body felt an electric sensation. His heart was shaking, and his blood was boiling.<br />
<br />
这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风 的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的感情,像酒一样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
<br />
These were the works of the European Post-Impressionist painter Van Gogh, with ordinary and simple images: fields, haystacks, a clock reflected by the setting sun, and sunflowers in clay pots. In addition, there were some portraits of ordinary people: postmen, miners, movers, and inmates who were released for yard time. In these unpretentious pictures, the author poured out the strongest feelings, as strong as wine, like a flame burning!<br />
<br />
看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格 。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生——向日葵,仿佛摇身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探求……这哪里是绘画呀,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每一线条和每一色块都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
<br />
Look, the jagged trees were rebellious. The undulating earth seemed to tell of suffering. The painter poured deep feelings into those ordinary people. The still-life painting--sunflowers, seemed to turn into a living thing, stretching out its jumble of tentacles to the frozen space, capturing, swaying, and indefatigably seeking... It was not a painting, but a call of the painter's life, a representation of his character! Every line and every color block were flowing, coming through invisible channels to clamp people, annihilate them to a great vortex of emotion...<br />
<br />
袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被一支锐利的艺术之箭射穿了。<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng walked out of the hall, with his legs wobbling, as if he was drunk, was hurt. His heart was pierced by a sharp arrow of art.<br />
<br />
他回到宿舍,一头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高才生转瞬间变成西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
<br />
He went back to the dormitory and threw himself onto the bed. It was ironic that a top student of the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union became a captive of the Western European Post-Impressionism in an instant.<br />
<br />
宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地问:“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
<br />
When the door of the dormitory opened, his roommate came in. Seeing him pale and tired, he asked in surprise, "Yunsheng, what happened to you?"<br />
<br />
“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
<br />
"I went to see an exhibition of Van Gogh's paintings." Yuan Yunsheng sat up in bed and said, "I've never been so excited by the works of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions..."<br />
<br />
他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的基础。有这个就够了。下一步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚 。<br />
<br />
He expressed his thoughts. In his opinion, the merit of Soviet painting theory lied in the emphasis on placing the object under certain light, observing the levels and hues with a subtle look, and tracing it carefully, which was the basis of all paintings. It was enough. The next step was to break free and move forward, not to limit themselves.<br />
<br />
他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧上了天 ,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在干着什么蠢事呀? ……<br />
<br />
He was right. Throughout the history of art, each school had its own process of formation, development, vicissitudes, and ups and downs. The Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions deserved its place in the art circle without dispute. But once it was praised to the skies, and promoted by administrative means, it would be counterproductive and bring suffocating disaster to the art. In fact, in the 1950s, painters all over the world, including Soviet painters, were running, exploring and innovating. And how stupid we were! ...<br />
<br />
袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
<br />
Yuan Yunsheng said excitedly: "We follow behind them and pick up what they have thrown away!"<br />
<br />
好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,一个几亿人的社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎。<br />
<br />
His good friends were familiar with his character and sympathized with his comments, but they worried about him. At that time, a society of hundreds of millions of people prostrated itself before Soviet idols, and his words were tantamount to a form of blasphemy.<br />
<br />
从那以后,他变得不大安分 了, 一头温驯的伏尔加式的小鹿,现出烈性马驹的本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标。<br />
<br />
From then on, he became rebel. A tame fawn, like the one on the Volga car, showed the true colors of a boisterous colt. In addition to completing the homework as usual, he improvised with mixed painting techniques, as if he was pursuing an ethereal goal.<br />
<br />
目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
<br />
The goal, was finally found, unexpectedly close at hand.<br />
<br />
从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里 之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭ー张学生 证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶 子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹……<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
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长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象カ!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人, 栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱 翔 <br />
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他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。 他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条 表现出高超的魅力。<br />
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站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他 的思绪如抛出的ー缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作 两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近 求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从 东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
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祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
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虎丘<br />
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兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩 柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
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姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
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她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中 回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认 识ー下,如果手头有照片,请寄来ー张。<br />
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兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选ー张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。 这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息 ー样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
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兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以 后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些 年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有 点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
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此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人 占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想 象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的 眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不 容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,ー见钟 情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜 蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
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学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在 肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
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“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄 起话筒,ー惊一喜一那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
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兰英极カ掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,ー阵风似的跑到 学校的门口。<br />
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画家站在那里,手中照例拿着ー个速写本。<br />
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“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
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“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
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“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
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“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……”<br />
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兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春 岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意 味着向人生的ー个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
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“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
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“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
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当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
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和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深” 〇沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池 澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈 静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
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这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在ー起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她 觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
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“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
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“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
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可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术 他对这ー带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而 倾倒。<br />
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前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画 家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到 对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去,仿佛在祝福这ー对美 好的情侣。突然,ー股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
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这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林 的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰ー样醉红,双唇像微微绽 开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰 尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己 ー样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后 ー瞬 <br />
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“兰英,我要告诉你ー件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是’右 派’厂’<br />
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霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
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孤岛上<br />
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到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。!957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
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他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的 实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。 这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了 幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
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小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾 的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派 脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体,心情是焦渴的。当 蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家 生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
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小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左 右,オ有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
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“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好 啦……”<br />
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他看完报纸ー扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生 活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块 和线条的运用。<br />
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年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队 的宣传干事带到ー间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
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“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
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“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
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“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
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“为什么?”<br />
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“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查。你们学校填写了 两份材料,你的情况单纯。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
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袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是ー种荣幸,既然生活当中存在 这样ー些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过 了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加 以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
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“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放 炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
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不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情 调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活 见鬼!中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
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不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
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北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷,使 海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书 记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头,有碍“百花齐放”〇袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
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袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中 国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? ー连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
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有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像ー个漏了税的走私犯接受 审讯。<br />
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摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名一“反苏” 〇<br />
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究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然 他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
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他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他ー挥手:“请你到外 面等一会儿。”<br />
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他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听 见屋里在争论。<br />
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有人说:“够了……<br />
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有人说:“还不够…<br />
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有人说:“态度还好<br />
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他的好友在替他争辩,另ー些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉 默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
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“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
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政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色一红与黑。点朱 泼墨,二者居其ー,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不 同,观点对立,照样用黑笔ー勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
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晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
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哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
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“我是’右派’了。”<br />
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“呵?”哥哥大吃ー惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
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“我没犯错误。”<br />
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“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
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“他们说我是,就是啰。”<br />
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“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
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“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
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哥哥望着他那单纯的面孔,望着他嘴上柔软的茸毛,心缩紧了,欲哭无泪。他 只有18岁呀!被践踏而感觉痛苦的人是不幸的;被践踏尚且不懂得痛苦的人又是 多么可悲哪!他太年轻了,还没来得及向生活伸出触角,一旦他那稚嫩的敏感的神 经末梢感觉到痛楚,他能活下去吗?<br />
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他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山 造湖,兴修水库,ー颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场 面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地 指挥部,请求一边干活ー边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人 来访。<br />
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又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他ー个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌 午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃 地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝 惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
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可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受 改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。 只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成 呵斥的嗓门,ー张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了一仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
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他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
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过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后 来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
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小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活,学校当局不再 放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他オ感到了痛 苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷 中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出 ー串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
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屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床 前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
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他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是ー种负担。我 需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
<br />
新月<br />
<br />
タ阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透 明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对 青年男女。<br />
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这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们ー页ー页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初 恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像ー阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只 残忍的巨手ー挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严 峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择。<br />
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在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的ー 群,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以 “杀气腾腾煽风点火”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下 没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对 他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁 愿与鬼贼联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
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在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每ー个姑娘 都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵ーー询 问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,エ资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和 间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称ー称。爱情的内容转变了,转变 为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义。<br />
<br />
兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血 管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽 得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富 贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色 的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
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兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气。因此,她 还不懂得利害。<br />
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政治运动对姑娘来说,像ー场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来 得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些 了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些 “右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她 还时常听到这样的告诫:有オ华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现 实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不 断得到强化。<br />
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抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的 嘲讽。<br />
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眼前的画家又是ー个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离 经叛道的歧路,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为 政治问题?为什么要让ー个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛 献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家 不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇 气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的オ华……什么是オ华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它 是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘 喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下ー颗蓝色 的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提 起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
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画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子,也是有限的宽恕,一 切还同过去ー样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
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“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
<br />
“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
<br />
“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
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这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到 足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激 动的光辉:“世上有オ华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏 看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
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难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把オ华糟蹋得像ー块抹布的年月里,这句话,他 不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子 无オ便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,オ华再也不是令知识分 子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火 焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
<br />
兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市 的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费カ气地 获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝 沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究 竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯 灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被 搞得阴阳颠倒！ ー时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到ー颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙ー样晶莹闪烁。<br />
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兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
<br />
画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
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“喜欢。”<br />
<br />
“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
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“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
<br />
画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝里滚动。<br />
<br />
ー弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一 尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
<br />
画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做 人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进 行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的 苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
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双桥<br />
<br />
当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具 的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢一充当囚犯, 颠沛流离,饱尝辛酸……<br />
<br />
翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
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我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石礙,弓 着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下ー闪ー闪。<br />
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这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但 是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是 最年轻的ー个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石礙,ー拉就是一天。<br />
<br />
二十几个人住在ー间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里 两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。 几年前,在他们头顶上发生的那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄 默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成 为ー门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向 两极。<br />
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袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头ー个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,ー头畜力转眼 间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻 找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
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他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能 像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就 运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着 他。试问,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射 的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙 的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变 形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那 样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展 示了情景交融的空间ーー略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
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他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵 他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多 张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着 既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
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住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举 止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的 学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
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“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画 吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去「’<br />
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这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府 里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
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一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义 的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着 人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
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散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特 儿是清痺的、憔悴的,ー副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出ー个美的灵 魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
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“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
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这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
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ー个被撤职的党委书记,ー个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下 扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
<br />
雨纷纷<br />
<br />
画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业 分配。<br />
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东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻 掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南 鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降 临头上。<br />
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兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有 篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
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当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋 友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
<br />
姑娘一五ー十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住。<br />
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兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象カ,把故事编得像田园牧 歌ー样美妙 <br />
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“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
<br />
“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
<br />
“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子〇”<br />
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“那个人干什么的?”<br />
<br />
“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
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“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英 将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
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但是,在学校的ー间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒 的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主 义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去 的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
<br />
兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了<br />
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“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样ー个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣 个黑锅背ー辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
<br />
“我乐意……”<br />
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“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍 白,四肢麻木,像是ー个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的 姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴 的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
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更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她, 好像她做了什么亏心事。ー颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使 她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
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她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨一爸爸生前的战友。<br />
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阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
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兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方 设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空ー样阴郁。<br />
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“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说;我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
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她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
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西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨 非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
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兰英的眉心舒展了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
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“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢,”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍ー个男<br />
朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证 会喜欢他……”<br />
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兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
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阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养 感情嘛……”<br />
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姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进ー团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲 径好像布满陷阱。ー种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。 给你!”<br />
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兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节 奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
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回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰 英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
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“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
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“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好 好谈谈吧……”<br />
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晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
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“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们 党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
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姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
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“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分 子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们ー些好处。打个比喻吧,好 比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那 些人再好,也不能使用。你多想ー想吧……”<br />
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姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头ー次听说,在政策的背后 还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
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这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所 醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。ー个势单力孤的女 子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他 吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰 尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情 愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为ー个农 家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来 时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像 断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
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第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看ー 看就会明白的。”<br />
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这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到ー篇文 章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么 呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的ー小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的 题目 <br />
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水乡记忆<br />
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“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
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“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
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“我先尝尝一哈,又香又脆!”<br />
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“放开肚皮吧,反正不花钱……”<br />
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袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼 声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
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这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回 到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择ー处乡土气息 浓厚的地区深入生活,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓 库隔壁的ー间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏 杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传ロ号消失了,生理本能 在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满 几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是ー出率先占有填充 材料的喜剧。<br />
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袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
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“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
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“别理他!”<br />
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这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预ー 下也无可厚非。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
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然而,夜间的梦寐并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理 解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的 心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
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回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,ー股不可遏制的创作冲动驱 使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去ー个晚上的 时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
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他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小 呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
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他把行李卷、画布和油彩,ー股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型 文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积 着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上ー摊,不 分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两 个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
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这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
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《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画 家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的 分数都不肯给。<br />
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水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
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画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有 玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
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看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。ー 个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开ー张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。ー个 淳朴的小女孩刚オ卖掉ー只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看 被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔 下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着ー桩桩美好的故事ーー人们 在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
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桥下是ー泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相 擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在 船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
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这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时 更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚 强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举 世无双的韧性一走向明天!<br />
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谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁 的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪 夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的 语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
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当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有 人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。 作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视 的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用 西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘 出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩,年画的敦厚朴实和壁 画的装饰趣味。<br />
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把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为ー炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿 了吧！<br />
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但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放 废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的 后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀 把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门 的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把 它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
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离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取 缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该 被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着ー堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不 画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指 责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的 路口只亮着ー盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
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中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我 可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出 作者的艺术才能。”<br />
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只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可 怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家 应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世一其中也 包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
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月台边<br />
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兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
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阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力 的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟 他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子,还会累及子女。<br />
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那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘 与画家结合的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的 人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来 的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
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这是ー场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
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阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效カ,递过ー支笔、ー张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
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兰英接过纸笔。<br />
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她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表 示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家 能够得到另ー个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后ー个字,信纸上满是斑斑 泪痕。<br />
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阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你 不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
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“本来就是被迫的「’兰英没好气地说。<br />
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阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
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兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷 吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语 言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将 把信撕得粉碎,ー赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净 <br />
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兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
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画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条 件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
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姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
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对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
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“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
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学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个 长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
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火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风 光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人 头攒动的月台上,她ー眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
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兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。 但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑 娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
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画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
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“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什 么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
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姑娘把旅行袋往前ー递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听 懂是什么意思。<br />
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“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑ー趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日 子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
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明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何 是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解一那些无尽无休的劝说、挑 唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
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兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有 同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同 财产,是一条印花双人床单。在ー间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪 式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫 近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
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人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
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兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽 容一除了东北三省之外,其他任何ー个城市都行。实心眼儿的姑娘把手指放在 地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山 海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
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她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀 和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一 度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条 件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着ー块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身 来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生 活无法自理。直到这时,她オ感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
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画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到ー份工作,又赶到唐山,好 不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户ロ的证件。至此,他们已经两地分 居六年了。<br />
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兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年 了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西ーー优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青 春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了 巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。 耿耿银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
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陋室铭<br />
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破木桌上摊开ー张纸片,ー只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了 圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱 子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
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这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还 是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
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小屋只有!4平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, ー排大连铺占去三分之ニ的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间 是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
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眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这 个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好 几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所 听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
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兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
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兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食 堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不 发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝 糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头ー样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那 些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
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家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物 价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买 不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱ー个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
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他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
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“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
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“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
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妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服ロ袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
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儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
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过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
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画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
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儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚オ他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤 肉颠得没影了……<br />
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“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
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儿子也笑了。ー场精神上的欢笑代替了假日的会餐。<br />
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在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门 面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现 代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处 境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得 很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到 家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
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在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似 的想点办法?”<br />
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“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
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“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合 过得去……”<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
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妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题ー搁,永远不再提起。<br />
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兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们 家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥ー顿饱ー顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的 换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环 境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣 服洗一洗吧。”<br />
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“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干ー场。<br />
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他把床单和衣服泡了满满ー盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他ー忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;ー忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
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他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板 凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
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兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过ー丝苦笑。<br />
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画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
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一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚 子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,ー共跳了多 少次?，，<br />
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画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
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兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪一整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。<br />
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干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
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天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入 睡;儿子ー沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手 抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另ー只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
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漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
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兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为 人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为ー个正直的画家的妻子的全部 甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕 耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还 被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦 楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
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她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙<br />
爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
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车轮下<br />
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袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱 地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
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兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为ー家人做早饭。<br />
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画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
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兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺ー躺。”画家匆匆吃过 早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
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在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过ー场大雪,北风ー刮,马路上结 着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
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画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜 劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命的时刻。<br />
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人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
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穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽 听ー阵隆隆的马达声。ー辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。 速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人 带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的 传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
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街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
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卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。 卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团 儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
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这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸ロー轧,就 算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃 脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
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按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同 情一预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦 的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。 即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头一抗争！<br />
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接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡 车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车 咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人 们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
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“千万不能倒下「’画家想,“ー倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
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卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反<br />
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应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
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画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
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抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天<br />
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ォ清醒过来。<br />
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兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾ー切地赶到医院。存车的时 候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙 怎么也拔不出来。<br />
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存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚オ进医院的时<br />
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候,自己还能走路。"<br />
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兰英这オ觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
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兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫 妻双双躺在床上。<br />
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孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和<br />
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女儿一人捧回ー包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
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儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
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女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
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兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早<br />
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地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心 灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿 <br />
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画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰<br />
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问。他们留下ー百块钱赔偿经济损失一画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
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客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
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兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看ー<br />
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眼也令人伤心。<br />
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画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
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“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
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画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知<br />
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道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民ーー我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去「’<br />
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这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是ー个贫病交困的人的 最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对ー些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那 样遥远,拼着性命オ能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼 痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘 寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
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数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情 目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
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袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的 印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
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袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花 甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,ー举ー动都受到街道居委 会的监视。<br />
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袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没 有什么值得高兴的一中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路 线走ー遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽 然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
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江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上 挂着一幅画框,嵌着ー张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那 张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到 使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
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袁运生打开画夹,把ー组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的 牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人 物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的 笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
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“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真 诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
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袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨 的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风 中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手ー丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
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画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于!974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白 描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
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江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他 说:“呵,黄河! ー泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声 音……"<br />
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春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了 !<br />
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担担画<br />
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“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
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美术界ー些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头 角,施展オ华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任 河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各 种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是ー个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。 这个磨砺精深的艺术家,就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
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乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
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在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现 了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,ー头不驯服的长发 如垂下万根烦恼丝。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁 了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
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他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
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兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
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兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议 事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就 是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
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1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机 会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
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他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了 妻子,全家人像过节ー样快乐<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
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“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
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女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
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“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
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他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
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兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
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丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注ー掷了 !”<br />
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是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举 动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一 个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使ー颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴ー样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
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晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,ー针针,ー线线,直缝到天 色薄明。<br />
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“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
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“三个月吧。”画家说,“你ー个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
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妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
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这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府一景洪。他被西双版纳惊 人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林 绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水 晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁 着珠光宝气。<br />
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有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天 堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾 洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
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他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地。招待所的服务人员很 有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进ー间中等客房。<br />
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画家开ロ就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
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服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
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“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
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“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
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“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
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他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下ー步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各<br />
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的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
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幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出 的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
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云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族 的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
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好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的 背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有!40多斤重。小伙子看了直 抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
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袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
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瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
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奏鸣曲<br />
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瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
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呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
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那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝ー样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
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就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
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西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰 富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住 兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在ー棵树 前,一画就是一整天。<br />
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“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
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“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古 老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
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袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。 每ー笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家 的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小 虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理 昧 <br />
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中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来オ深有感 受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
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画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在ー起的<br />
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他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情 而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
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每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。 晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛 着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗 条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
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“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银 铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她 们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露ー截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使 她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后ー盘,自然地溜向ー 边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
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少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来ー阵阵悠扬 的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在 纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
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诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就 在苦苦思索ー个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
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美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出 你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
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面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我 感受却不尽相同。ー百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,ー百种不同的表现方法。<br />
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艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。<br />
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从夏末到中秋,他在ー串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勧定的一个偏僻的 小村寨。<br />
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这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上 开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本 寨的荣耀。<br />
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同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无カ同病魔 斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是 “鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者ー商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那<br />
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些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
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“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的ー 瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精 粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的 请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起 画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
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小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的 经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂 痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在ー起进餐,然后由男方挑着担 子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱 护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像ー泓溪 水那样清澈。<br />
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一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清 脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的 手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
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这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在 古老的贝叶经里的传说一从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘 据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑 娘们生出ー计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头ー沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒 醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。 一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使 自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
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晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这 万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
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广为流传的神话传说,往往是ー个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到 的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑 海里汇集,逐渐熔化为ー团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳 美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地 多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西 双版纳。这是ー个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、 秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条一单纯与丰富高度和谐地统ー!<br />
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他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的 独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。 那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的ー组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
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昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘 绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
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公主啊!<br />
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你是ー颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
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但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
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把宝石镶在我的心上 <br />
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他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
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二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
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袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
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兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心 开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画 不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
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画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失 火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
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其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们 忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
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画家在长春的ー个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁 愕然了。<br />
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这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰 英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出ー个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗 震棚挪动着……<br />
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显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的 艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
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朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那<br />
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位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道<br />
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壁画之梦<br />
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不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白 皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的 空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀ー样扑朔不定。他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。他搞不 清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里……<br />
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昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的 画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。ー抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳 光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从 梦境回到了现实的世界。<br />
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这是!979年1月,在北京白家庄。<br />
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袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水 晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候 机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍 特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成 了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建 筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业 技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理 者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和エ艺 美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得 到了推荐,也在被邀请之列〇<br />
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随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热 度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使ー些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑 文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否 定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以 免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对 稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单ー些,拿他的 话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。”<br />
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袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节一生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻<br />
辑和客观条件应运而生的。<br />
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候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的ー块地 方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙 壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美 的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心 中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝 叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴 的哲理。他决定挨弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。”<br />
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主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思 毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在 以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知 命运如何?<br />
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袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是 工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动 的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境……<br />
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在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大 门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统ー。那座大门 却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门 搏斗,ー支接ー支地吸烟,ー张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可 以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和 生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。<br />
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“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。<br />
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“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……”<br />
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在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一 个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充 满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风 雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出ー股韧性。为了 重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟 此时的心情。<br />
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整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉 的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法ーー“拱桥的两头 很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么 美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》）<br />
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实现这个迷人的想法,真是ー项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多 彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活 和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每ー 个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意 味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去 表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了……<br />
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又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还 有灯光。<br />
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这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴 山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟 弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧……<br />
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对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他 还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在 毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀!<br />
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天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休 息几天,回长春去过年吧。”<br />
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袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用〇第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制〇”<br />
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“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多 了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。”<br />
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提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能 在家待几天?”<br />
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画家说:“春节ー过,还得讨论画稿。这ー稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了〇”<br />
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兰英叹了一 口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……”<br />
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画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。”<br />
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兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?”<br />
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画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。<br />
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这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻 璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下ー个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹……<br />
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从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
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忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴 云笼罩着 <br />
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牛皮纸<br />
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春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。<br />
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绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机 场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材 料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、 冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
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参加《泼水节一生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶 来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传 统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
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脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月 的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。<br />
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兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的ー次 妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她 的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。<br />
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在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用 的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气 设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻 待在ー起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就 翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是 深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮エ。<br />
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好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院 时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是 出乎意料的,几个月以前的ー小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是 <br />
外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到 癌一恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不 是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意 识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务 的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢?<br />
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她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了 候机大楼,站在脚手架旁……<br />
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大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进 来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着ー 场真正的建设一脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着 画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到 了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额 垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出 的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在……<br />
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兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。 从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,ー个艺术赤子的オ华、 智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔 端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳 茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动 作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚 鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。 艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华!<br />
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站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。<br />
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兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺 术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得 到了精神的补偿。<br />
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这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查 有结果了吗?”<br />
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兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说<br />
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妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。”<br />
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“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
<br />
Chapter Two<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对ー对 画稿上的人物动作。”<br />
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“好吧。”妻子应允了。<br />
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兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分 子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时 间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身 的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容……<br />
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几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的 一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为ー个外科 医生,如果给自己开ー张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切 除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时 机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的ー桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手 术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的 亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カー搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的 希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏 在心底很久很久了。<br />
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一声长笛,列车开走了,载着ー颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾 霭中 <br />
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袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过 墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,ー株热带丛林特有的 鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地 面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像 是在为自己的青春而骄傲……<br />
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环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画 家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对 墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。<br />
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洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女 表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江 里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。 “我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的 崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的ー种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维 纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的 崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况 他画的是神话传说而不是习俗……<br />
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看来,画家打错了主意?<br />
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在ー些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富 有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生 产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿 穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了 别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并 没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和 犯罪搅成一池浑水。<br />
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盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象 征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。<br />
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这并不显眼的一角却引来ー批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看 热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
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这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不題了。如 要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花 任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想 到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的ー场争论。<br />
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六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受 尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界 上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的ー班轻薄少年、 无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之 照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人 提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军 阀败北。<br />
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历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的ー桩旧案犹未了结<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思 想解放!”<br />
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他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人 帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。<br />
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舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的 绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用 进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时 的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事……<br />
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不是结尾<br />
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10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在 大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动……<br />
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首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获 得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁 画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞 歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次 文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来 到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。<br />
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国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁 说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人ー进入中国就有一个强烈 的印象,这种艺术是ー个国家国力的象征。”<br />
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日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉 朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉 得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……”<br />
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这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的 日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖 的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆 动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰 ー样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔……<br />
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呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化?<br />
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不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着 ー个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作 是坚定正确的表现。他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不 再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强 化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。<br />
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那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧?<br />
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只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。 直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从 她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她 静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无 望,只等待手术的判决……<br />
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ー个人站立起来了,另ー个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南 去的列车上ー见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也 不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、 贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术 经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下ー笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。<br />
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画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼 眶里滚动。<br />
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他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:ー种是诚实的艺术家;另 ー种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。<br />
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他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限 度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少ー些吗?<br />
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他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。<br />
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后记:<br />
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本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又辻了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世 事变迁未可尽述。<br />
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——作者<br />
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（原载《十月》1980年6月）<br />
<br />
==卷一：10.热血男儿==<br />
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热血男儿<br />
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李士非<br />
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满腔的热血已经沸腾。<br />
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《国际歌》<br />
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ー、能见到袁庚吗?<br />
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在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天,蛇口エ业区和它的领导人袁庚,名扬国内外,越 来越引人注目。<br />
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但是,我接受写袁庚的任务,未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他,手头也没有 积累多少关于他的资料,而且听说采访他很困难:他是香港招商局常务副董事长 （人们因此亲切地称他为袁董）,大部分时间在香港,每到蛇口,都忙得不可开交, 实在抽不出时间接受采访。但是,过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观,听过介绍,看 过录像,袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣,接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口 来,这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。“能见到袁庚吗?”“即使见不到袁庚也要写!”所谓 “冒险”,无非是写不出或写不好,个人面子不好看罢了,比起袁庚和他的朋友们从 事改革所冒的风险,简直是微不足道的。<br />
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仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气,到这里待ー些日子也是值得的。<br />
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“如果你只能待很短的时间,我劝你趁早打退堂鼓,不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆 辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意,开弓没有回头箭,退堂鼓是 不好打的。<br />
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二、夜访梁宪<br />
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在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口,袁庚出国去了,说是7月底或8月初 才能回来。最了解他的ー个人,东江纵队时期就和他ー起工作,现任蛇口工业区顾 <br />
问的许智明,到澳大利亚探亲去了,归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同, “时间就是金钱,效率就是生命”,白天工作紧张,找人谈话很难,晚上访问也要事 先约定,因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰 上袁庚的儿子袁中印,《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意,他马 上说:“有什么好写的?这么多人写过了,要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受 了乃父的影响,不大欢迎采访。“慢慢来吧,我一定要找你的。”我心里说。<br />
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多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙,约定了 一天晚上9点钟去访问エ业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人,穿过海 滨花园,沐着海风,经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边,漫步走向梁宪的住 处。早已听说,他!962年毕业于中山大学外语系,是梁宗岱教授的高足,对法国文 学很有研究。果然,ー见之下,我就感到他是ー个充满艺术气质的人。<br />
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他掏出港币,买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客,然后和我们谈笑风生。<br />
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“你们是文人,我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人,她在中央戏剧学 院教书。我对她说:你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的,但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。 中国像你们这样的文人太多,像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一 句英语,“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙,黄虹坚ー时也 没反应过来,陈宜浩翻译说:“他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑 起来。<br />
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梁宪大学毕业的时候,老百姓正在饿肚子,大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法 国文学的尖子,后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作,比袁庚晚半 年多一点。袁庚很器重他,有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。<br />
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“我去香港的时候,老婆说:最怕你没骨气,没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是 有的,外派干部只要有一点热血,就不是追求几大件,而是感到抬不起头来!<br />
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“刚到香港,每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐,ー串串的,海上漂着偷渡者的尸 体,我们不能忍受,啪一声把电视关了。<br />
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“我们国内建设搞不好,连ー些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们, 心里真难受呀。所以,我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过:’我之所以这么干,是 为了实现我入党时的初衷。’”<br />
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一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿,梁宪又概括地说:<br />
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“我熟悉的人当中,有两个热血男儿,ー个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛,ー个就是 袁庚!”<br />
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好一个“热血男儿” !这个词太恰当了,把这两个人相提并论太好了,我不禁<br />
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怦然心动,觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。<br />
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也真巧,比我年长20岁的刘任涛,是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第 一流的眼科专家,共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长,曾为刘伯承元帅安过义 眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》,改行当了电影编剧,“文化大革命”中在珠 影被诬为“历史反革命”,打断五根肋骨,投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动 期间,他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明,不顾自己的政治处境,不顾没 有任何医疗条件,决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他:“万一失败,你就 是阶级报复,就会重进监狱。”他不听,他终于成功了。“作为医生,我拯救了我的 灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀,立下遗嘱:死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢 复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
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刘任涛和袁庚,经历和事业完全不同,但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身 精神,是多么相似呵!我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚,觉得对袁庚也开始熟 悉了。<br />
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三、“冒险家”<br />
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刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障,要冒风险。袁 庚在蛇口进行改革,要冒更大的风险:两年之前,不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影 地攻击经济特区嘛!<br />
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但是,时代毕竟不同了,今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月 9日,胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区,袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆,和总书记有一 段精彩的对话。<br />
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袁庚:关于改革问题,现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看,凡是搞改革 的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法,最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变 法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪,改良主义,结果六君子被 杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革,我想不会落得前人这样 的下场,我们是在党的领导下进行的,不会有问题吧,我们值得冒这个险!<br />
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胡耀邦:过去的改革是下层少数人去改,领导者、统治者是压制的。现在 不同,我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改,现在和过去根本不同嘛!<br />
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袁庚:我们感到,我们的干部是不大怕群众的,只怕顶头上司,怕上司不喜 欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说,我每次来蛇口,ー上码头,前呼后 拥的,下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒,就会忘乎所以,久而久之, 就不怕群众,不怕下级,因为群众、下级撤不了我的职,我只怕交通部,怕顶头 上司,只有他们才能撤我的职。<br />
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所以,群众监督干部,群众有权选举和罢免干部,这至关重要。我们这里 想搞个改革试点,管委会由群众选举产生,每年投一次信任票,如果不信任票 超过半数,管委会就得改选,个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公 开的、直接的,由群众投票选举的领导班子,就会想群众之所想,急群众之所 急,就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手,就有人自动送礼 上门,如果头脑不清醒,不能自律,就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装 懂,诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部,我相信可以改变一下干部的结 构和干部的作风。我们想做这样ー个不太小的改革,准备冒一点风险。<br />
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胡耀邦:（点头）好!很好!<br />
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袁庚:总书记说了好,我们就记录在案,马上打报告这样做。<br />
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胡耀邦:（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿,在哪 ー出戏里我忘记了,讽刺官僚主义者,他不敢骂台上的官,只敢骂戏台上堂前 的鼓。有一段唱词说:“一棵大树腹中空,两头都是皮儿绷,每天上堂敲三下, R卜咚ゆ咚又ゆ咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛!（全场大笑）<br />
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党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印,想到ー块去了,这在蛇口的发 展史上,是应当大书特书的。<br />
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1983年4月24日,选举产生了蛇口エ业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22 日,按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票?组干处处长虞 德海说:“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的,信任票不足半数就 得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决,一定要搞信任投票。” 投票结果,管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数,袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上,全 部投票公开,任人查阅,尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐,如“某某能力低”“某某 不堪信任”之类,也不加掩饰。<br />
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这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。<br />
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四、“那里不肯放,就辞职!”<br />
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选举产生领导班子,定期举行信任投票,这是袁庚深思熟虑的ー项决定。他深<br />
深感到,不改革干部制度,不改变干部结构,任何改革都无从谈起,“四化”也只是 一句空话。<br />
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有的领导干部,居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人:“你们大学建多大的桥?” 问来访的美国客人:“英国人讲英语,你们美国人讲什么语?”还有人向中央领导同 志汇报他到香港考察的收获:“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯!”如此等等,令人 啼笑皆非。这样的干部,怎能担当建设“四化”的重任!<br />
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蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地）,指挥部只有 二十多个干部的时候,袁庚就开始考虑如何培育ー支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命 化的干部队伍。1981年,他排除阻カ,毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班,从全国 各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说,“我是个冒险家,为了蛇口的改革,我从 全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。<br />
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当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员,委托交通部下属的交通科 学院情报所代为主持,在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、 江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。<br />
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王潮梁!938年出生于江苏无锡,1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计 专业。早在1958年,他就参考外国的资料,在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫 原理,并和同学们一道造出了样品,在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对 飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是,在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年 代,几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机エ厂飞机设 计室任产品主管设计员,那时生产要听驻厂军代表的,而军代表只相信苏联专家和 苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料,翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂, 即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂,也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚 子气,却毫无办法。岁月如流,王潮梁搞了 17年飞机设计,却看到我们的飞机エ业 比印度还落后;又研制了四年的飞翔船,却看不到一艘飞翔船下水,那种壮志难酬 的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会,唯一的名额给了业务上 根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培 训班招生的广告时,他兴奋极了,“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方,去!”立刻把广告 剪下来,郑重地贴在本子上。<br />
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他第一个走进考场,第一个走出考场。笔试、面试,成绩优良。主持考试的情 报所林鸿慈同志下了结论:这是个人才,录取！<br />
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但是,在中国有一个很大的矛盾:生产资料是全民所有制,干部却是单位私有 制。ー个单位可以把ー个或ー批人才冷藏ー辈子<br />
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长江航运科研所不肯放人。<br />
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198I年11月,袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他,向他汇 报了招生的情况,特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。<br />
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袁庚很激动。<br />
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“小王是不是党员?”<br />
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“不是。”<br />
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“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量,开个头,那里不肯放,就辞职!我这 里收。最多就是人家去告状,最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先 例。告到国务院,我们就把这个同志的情况报上去,中央领导会支持我们。新华社 社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开’干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人 在单位不充分发挥作用,又不让调,这个局面不打开是不成的!”<br />
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林鸿慈被袁庚打动了,写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁,同时通过各种渠道 去做说服、疏通工作。终于,用不着王潮梁辞职,单位同意放人了。1982年,王潮 梁来到蛇口工业区。<br />
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五、企业管理研究生<br />
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1982年12月的一天晚上,ー个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
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这是一次事先约定的会见。<br />
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年轻人叫余昌民,刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清 华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生,工作了八九年,深感中国企业管理的弊病 太多,1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年, 专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息,《读卖新闻》为 此发了专稿,登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了,干什么好呢?学校建议他到国家 经委属下的中国企业研究协会去,这当然是个专业对口的美差,但是在武汉工作的 爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候,蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。他每星期上街 去买《深圳特区报》,得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝,如饥似渴地加以研 究。不难判断,蛇口エ业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去!决心下定了,系 里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会,经朋友介绍,他就来登门拜访了。<br />
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会面的一瞬间,两个人互相观察了一下。<br />
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“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗?穿件中式棉袄,和一般的老干部没啥差别,不 是想象中的那个改革家的模样,而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真 的值得?”<br />
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真正的一闪念,没容余昌民多想,袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
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谈话开门见山。<br />
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“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里?”<br />
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“在于体制。”<br />
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“对了!”袁庚兴奋起来,侃侃而谈,“上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦,说 他们要一千人,劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用,那七百是搭配的闲人,你再要, 就再搭配,再多余,反正是大锅饭,大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了,还说这是社会主义 的优越性!这样,工厂冗员越来越多,工厂成了小社会,在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的, 形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ,败坏着我们的民族素质!这样的体制不改革,我们 就没有出路!”<br />
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“我的ー篇论文,提出了企业的素质问题。”<br />
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“有何高见?”<br />
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“素质,好比基本作用,像女排,形成了她们的基本作风,就有战斗カ。”<br />
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“就把ー个企业比作球队吧,假如你是教练,别人随便塞人给你,你怎么办?”<br />
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“我不要。”<br />
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“不要不行!”<br />
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“那我不干。”<br />
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“对了,就得这样。”<br />
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一老ー少,越谈越投机,彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处ー闪而过的那点 疑虑也完全打消了。<br />
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“我们这里可要冒点风险。”<br />
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“正因为这样オ要去,建设好了还去干什么?”<br />
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“你个人有什么要求?”<br />
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“只要求家属ー起去。”<br />
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“这个我们来办。”<br />
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两个月后,余昌民父亲去世,回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化,系里要留他。 企业管理系刚刚建立,工作需要,理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚 飞往蛇口,收不回来了。<br />
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1983年3月,袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客,系里派余昌民随行。系 领导的目的,是让校长对余昌民有个印象,说服他留下来,同时出面解决他家属的 户ロ问题。<br />
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谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口,袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有,余昌 民暗示要做刘达的工作。<br />
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余昌民再一次请求:“校长,让我来蛇口吧。”<br />
<br />
“系里要我帮忙留你,我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。<br />
<br />
袁庚一再要求支持:“刘达同志,把小余给我们吧,我们迫切需要企业管理的专 门人才。”<br />
<br />
刘达心动了。这位参加过“ー二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
<br />
回去后,余昌民给系里写了报告,对系里的教育培养表示感谢,说明清华企业 管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设,这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都 至关重要。<br />
<br />
问题迎刃而解。7月,夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。<br />
<br />
当余昌民到エ业区大楼报到的时候,在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉 着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口,边走边说:“你是研究企业管理的,你先熟悉ー 下情况,有把握了再谈工作……”<br />
<br />
袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信,其中有一段话:<br />
<br />
关于小余的事,同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失ー小余,无妨 大局,蛇口得之,如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下,エ业区将受其惠。<br />
<br />
重感情的刘达,把这封信送给了余昌民,让他留作永久的纪念。<br />
<br />
六、星期天的早晨<br />
<br />
星期天早晨8点钟,顾立基刚起床,洗了脸,正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同 学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的,大家都熬了夜,现在让他们多睡一会儿 吧。顾立基轻手轻脚,唯恐弄出一点声音来。<br />
<br />
“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗?”<br />
<br />
门外传来ー个声音。顾立基一看,走廊上站着ー个六十多岁的老人和一个 姑娘。<br />
<br />
“我就是顾立基,您是?”<br />
<br />
“我是袁庚,蛇口的袁庚〇”老人首先伸出手来,“这是我女儿尼亚,她不放心我 的身体,一定要陪我来,其实我的身体还可以。你看,骑了半小时车子,轻松愉快。”<br />
<br />
顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 他深受感动。<br />
<br />
“我们到楼下谈吧,同学们还在睡觉。”<br />
<br />
楼下有一张靠背长椅,三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨,不冷不热,阳光和煦, 轻风拂面,校园一片宁静的气氛。<br />
<br />
“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会?”<br />
<br />
“是的,现在会员有一千多人了,成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。”<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长?”<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊,”顾立基笑了, “我是说过想当厂长,为此还惹过ー些麻 烦呢。”<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦?”<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。”<br />
<br />
“岂有此理!想当个厂长是什么野心!’不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’,这 是拿破仑说的还是谁说的? 一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对!”<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的,但是我感到中国更需要管理人才,所以主动旁听了企业管理 系研究生的全部课程。”<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧,我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班,要培养大量的管理人才。”<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像,我的心就动了,只是还没下定决心。”<br />
<br />
“现在呢?”<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了,去蛇口。”<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗?”<br />
<br />
有什么困难? 1982年的初夏,社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的,有人在 报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界,影射特区有变成租界的危险,造成一股无形的压 力,因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些,可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的 人在ー起,冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去,下属工厂任他挑选,这 些,对他有一定的吸引力。他自从!967年中学毕业,1968年进上海印染机械修配 厂,十年中当过锅炉エ、车エ、錠エ、钳エ、电エ,当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不 惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为,1974年顾立基和他们争吵过ー 次,挨了批斗,却受到工人们的同情,和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要 毕业了 ,朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查,他是材料组的负责 人,如果不来上大学,早就走上领导岗位了,现在回去,工作安排是不成问题的。但 是,陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大,他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的 是,母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房,姐妹们都在外地,母亲 希望他留在身边,爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口,使他动了感情,他滔 滔不绝地发起议论来。<br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办ー个工业区 呢?为了在那块地方搞改革,搞全面的改革,从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度,都 要改,不改就没有出路。过去三十年,极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。 1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候,海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体,都是青年,他们为什 么要跑?因为我们穷!<br />
<br />
“’四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’,越搞跑的人越多。ー些村子的青壮年几乎跑 光了,真叫人欲哭无泪!蛇口对面就是香港的元朗,相隔只有6000米,晴天能看到 它的高楼,它就是在我们’十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了, 必须把经济搞上去,这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公 里,对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛,我们改革成功了,对全国就有很大 的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛,无伤大局。当然,我们一定要尽最大的 努力,争取成功,避免失败。我们这ー代人是老了,当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时 候,时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……”<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动,身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚,望 着自己的父亲,眼睛也有点热了……<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来,当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书,1984年4月被聘为 办公室主任。<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚,因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口,听说顾立基6日 ー早要去香港,5日晚我去登门拜访。<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告,我为 了听这个报告,推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的,谁都可以听,欢迎你去。”ー见面 顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗?”<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难,他在蛇口不会待太久,一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告, 你最好陪他回宿舍ーー他儿子的住处,或者宾馆,这样边走边谈,可以谈十来分 钟……”<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗?<br />
<br />
不管怎样,先听听他的报告再说吧。<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半,袁庚的报告准时开始。<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影,大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。 今天这个会也叫新闻发布会,街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂,基本上坐满 了,放眼望过去,都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。<br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上, 顾立基主持大会。<br />
<br />
ー开始,袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕,只讲个把钟头。”<br />
<br />
人们笑了,其实怕的是他讲得太短。<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问,历时23天,访问了 4个国家、16个公司、18个城市,从新加坡 开始,往西到英国,再到美国、日本,整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处,受到隆重的、 破格的接待,我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们 四个人,而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化,在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到 做蛇口人的光荣。”<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张,出国访问要花自己的钱,花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、 软弱的地位。这次出访,他们带了 20万美金的信用卡,足够用了,所到之处都坚持 这个原则,唯独在新加坡失灵了。那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系,但新加 坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检,从飞机场ー直送到最高级的香格里拉大 酒店,袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前,这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫 人;在他之后,住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨）,每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观 什么项目,全部满足要求。临走结账时,酒店经理说:“在你们到来之前,已经有人 付了全部费用。”<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁,英国老板们在海员罢エ浪潮的 冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们,给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深 刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说:“我们原打算3年之内种植 20万株月季,把蛇口建成玫瑰之城,现在看来太落后了……”<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国,主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡,大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔,华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民,交给他一把金钥匙。女 市长在宴会上说:“我是百分之百的中国人,也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说:“我 很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判,就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过, “在经济问题上,兄弟无情,六亲不认!何况是与外国人谈判「’<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前,有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过 的曲折。<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日,袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件,大家听了很高兴,但我们不要高兴得过早。不 要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了,但官僚主义、 红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事,还是有的。例如我们正在谈判 的浮法玻璃厂,到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃,为什么不准我们用 最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ?最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局 交涉。她们去的时候,人家一口答应,讲你们回去好了,但等我们企业室派人带合 同去盖章的时候,又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干,他们讲:‘你们派了记 者、作家来,我敢不答应吗?弄得不好,你们要写报告文学,写内参,我受得了 吗,？……”<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨,交涉了九个月,オ过了国内这ー关。<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判,当然不可能用这么长的时间,但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想 而知的。<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂,简直是一座玻璃城!它生产各式各样 的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃,用25磅大锤从20米外打去,地皮都震动了,玻璃却安 然无恙。我们和美国合资,投资ー亿美元,引进一座同样的エ厂,买他的专利,以后 我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点,集中在每年所付专利费 占销售总额的百分比上。<br />
<br />
美方要6%,我们还价4% 〇<br />
<br />
美方降到5%,我们加到4.5%。<br />
<br />
寸利必争,形成僵局。<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。<br />
<br />
“先生们,我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针,2000年前发明了火药,全人类 <br />
都在享受这些伟大的成果,可是他们从来没有要过什么专利,我们作为后代从来没 有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋,而是觉得光荣。请问各位,那时候你们的祖先在哪 里?恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前,是不是毛特别多……”<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前,一个个咧嘴笑了。<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕,我的意思不是不付专利费,而是要求公平合理r’<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格,坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们,说不 定会抗议呢!“你骂我们的祖先,是可忍,孰不可忍ド’<br />
<br />
终于达成协议:4.75%,为期!0年。<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进ー个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂,专利 费是5% ,时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处,绝不能走 美国的路!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退,エ业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走,他们还 有点生气,现在停滞不前了。<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方,转移到太平洋 沿岸。<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了,现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈,今天 下午四点半ー踏上蛇口码头,就感到无比的清新,感到ー草一木都非常亲切。<br />
<br />
“10月1日,蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话,那是大家的 功劳！<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的,思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上,我们ー定要 赶上和超过他们!”<br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时,宣布散会了,大家意犹未尽。<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了,我放弃了跟上去的打算。<br />
<br />
ハ、“搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
8月7日,袁庚开了一整天会,据说8日也不会有空,而9日ー早又要回香港 了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上,我给他写了一封信,说明这一次 如果不能和他交谈,我将等待,直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨,我把这封信 交给了エ业区党委副书记乔胜利,请他转交。<br />
<br />
8日上午,我到办公大楼访问王潮梁,两人刚坐下来,办公室副主任黄振超匆<br />
<br />
匆忙忙地叫我:“袁董回来了,快去见他!”<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉,说明另改时间,急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的,中间隔着大块的透明玻璃,老远就看 见了袁庚,他手里正拿着一大摞文件。<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候,黄振超在旁边向他说明:“只是见见面,不会占你很多 时间。”<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说:<br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的?来搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了,而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。我 知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。梁宪说过,前几年在北京开会,有一天袁庚 看了张洁的小说《爱,是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章,问他:“你认识这个作家 吗?咱们把她请到蛇口去!”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所 了解的,“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。<br />
<br />
我也笑着说:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋,要写你和蛇口。”<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下,舒服地往藤椅上一靠,摆出了准备 谈ー阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好,这里问题多得 很,改革每前进ー步都要经过斗争,到处充满着矛盾。”<br />
<br />
我说:“正是这一点吸引了我。”<br />
<br />
“ー个国家没有民主是不行的,而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。 我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国,政治家演说,群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿 扔他,他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的,但这ー套对巩固资产阶级的统 治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底,孙中山是 想搞民主的,他死得太早,没搞成。中华民族是伟大的,但是历史的包袱太重了。”<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿,她在美国学企业管理,谈起来也说:在 美国深有感慨,感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重〇<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族,就没有什么框框,我在报告会上也说了,他们的总督牌香烟广 告有一句口号是’想做就去做’,这句话香港也接受不了,译成’应做就去做’〇当 然,想干什么就干什么是不行的,但我们许多应干的事却干不成。”<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历,他扼要地做了回答,着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命” 中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时,这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来,<br />
<br />
微笑着站在那里不动,我知道是催他去开会,我们的谈话该结束了。<br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志,我们马上又赶到 太子宾馆,和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢,对监狱内外情形 都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说:<br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨,出来就蔦儿了,可是他不,他的劲头反而更大了。”<br />
<br />
我心里说:这オ是袁庚!<br />
<br />
过了几天,乔胜利对陈宜浩说:“袁董看了我的信,答应下次回来再和我谈。” 可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。<br />
<br />
8月25日上午,我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息,急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联 系。但是太迟了,他过了中午又要回香港,而上午的时间已经排满,就在和我通话 的时候,他不得不放下电话去开门。他说:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧,不要紧的,我们没有秘密。”<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访,ー时想不齐全,只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字, 他ーー做了回答:“这些也要发表吗?”我说:“不一定发表。”他说:“发表也没关系, 那天我讲话外国人也听了。”<br />
<br />
我说:“将来排出校样,送给你看看好吗?免得事实有出入。”<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查,出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的,难免出点差 错。捅点娄子也不要紧。”<br />
<br />
“好了,谢谢您。”<br />
<br />
“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。<br />
<br />
一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观,来到铝材厂门口时,他向学 员们介绍:这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人,23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起 来,大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停エ,ー个工人从高处摔下来受了伤,他的哥哥跑 过去看了看,见弟弟没有生命危险,便又回去干活了。<br />
<br />
袁庚说:“日本不富没有天理!中国改革不富也没有天理!”<br />
<br />
现在我想说:蛇口的改革不成功没有天理!<br />
<br />
九、大鹏魂<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚,魁梧、潇洒,兼有外交家和实业家的风度,具有一种吸引人的魅 カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢?<br />
拨开历史的迷雾,我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园,算 是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。<br />
<br />
1935年,他毕业于广州广雅中学,随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测 量员,他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校,陈济棠下台后,这家军校成了国民党中央军 校的分校。在学校里,袁庚是活跃的足球门将,练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕 业,他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官,ー个个腐化不堪,对民族危亡无动于衷,便愤 然回到故乡大鹏镇,担任第一小学校长,同时兼任地方自卫队教官。<br />
<br />
学校是国民党办的,自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的,但是学校和自卫队中都有 中共地下党员。<br />
<br />
戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚,在当地是ー个重要人物,三种政治力量对他都很 重视。<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文,和他住到ー起,亲自考察他。<br />
<br />
革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
<br />
1939年3月27日,袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党,从这ー 天起,他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。<br />
<br />
当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党 的漫画,刺痛了国民党区党部,他的处境变得危险了,党组织于!939年冬天把他转 移到党领导的抗日游击队,从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子, 像大鹏ー样展翅高飞了。<br />
<br />
抗日战争期间,美军作为盟军,在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组,担任东纵联 络处处长的袁庚,和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示,东纵和美 军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报,对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。<br />
<br />
日寇投降时,英军远在缅甸,ー个海军少将只率领ー营人乘航空母舰赶到香 港。他的兵力不足以维持治安,要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央,中 央复电:为了对付国民党的内战阴谋,坚决撤离港九地区;同时要求在香港设立联 络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判,袁庚不辱使命,漂亮地完成了任务,并成为驻 香港办事处的第一任主任,这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能 想到,历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折,二十多年后,这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。<br />
<br />
十、秦城监狱<br />
<br />
1968年4月6日,袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家,到机关去上班。北京的4月 初,春寒料峭,风沙迷眼,加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报,形成一片肃杀气氛,使袁 庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作,刚告一段落,还来不及喘口气, 就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息,他于愤 懑中保持着镇定。<br />
<br />
回到办公室不久,有人通知:“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门,看到 除部长之外,还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长,面孔板得像 ー座木雕。<br />
<br />
“袁庚,你被捕了!”<br />
<br />
下午,机关召开大会,部长在会上宣布:“袁庚是美国特务,已经依法逮捕。”袁 庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和 刘丹ー,互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周 总理安全的情景,记忆犹新,那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间,周旋于华侨社会 之中,眼睛熬红了,人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场,天理何在?!<br />
<br />
与此同时,汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中,勒令交出所有的钥匙,开始抄家。 翻箱倒柜,从下午抄到天黑,然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时,オ发现三个 孩子被关在门外不准进家,左邻右舍也不敢收留,孩子们在抹眼泪……<br />
<br />
从此以后,袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里,也不知是死是 活,到哪里打听都说不知道。!969年,汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校,孩 子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”,但作为“反革命家属”， 她只能干最脏最累的活,如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎,痛得胳膊抬 不起来,医生建议回北京治疗,干校就是不准。直到!972年初夏,她的大孩子中印 就要下乡插队了,她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服,打点行装,オ被批准。<br />
<br />
1972年7月,袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后,有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去 探监。“他还活着,他还活着!”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。<br />
<br />
汪宗谦心酸地发现,袁庚行走困难,说话声音也变了,而且他不知道当时是何 年何月！<br />
<br />
原来监狱里日夜亮着灯,犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替,失去了时间的概念;<br />
睡觉时只准脸朝外,一条腿总是压在下边,时间长了造成萎缩;长期不讲话,声带都 沙哑了。<br />
<br />
我曾经听说,袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西,只有放风时在天井里看到 墙根的小草。问他是不是这样,他说:<br />
<br />
“不,还有蚂蚁,我对蚂蚁很有研究。”<br />
<br />
这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量!<br />
<br />
汪宗谦见过了袁庚,就为救他而奔走了。<br />
<br />
“没见他不知道他死活,既然知道他还活着,我就怕他死了!问题还没搞清,死 了孩子们都得背黑锅呀!他住在楼上,要到楼下的天井放风,上下都很辛苦,我到 中央接待站去上访,请求把他搬到楼下来,这个要求被接受了。”<br />
<br />
袁庚搬到楼下的ー间房,发现席子底下有一团花白的头发,他判断这里关过ー 个五十多岁的女同志。后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事,王光美 说:“没错,正是我住过的那间房。”<br />
<br />
袁庚出狱,已是1973年9月30日,整整关了 5年半。<br />
<br />
在狱中,睡觉时只要一转身,看守就在外边敲门。夜晚,敲门声常常把人惊醒。 袁庚回到家里,刚一入睡就惊醒了,这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年,这种心悸 病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能,却用了更长的时间。每天,汪宗谦搀 着袁庚,ー步,ー步,慢慢地走,越走越远,越走越快,走了一年之久,两条腿オ恢复 了平衡。<br />
<br />
更可悲的是,有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子,出来不会走直路了,一走就 转圈,连马路也不能过。人啊,人！人的尊严到哪里去了！<br />
<br />
经过一年多的休养治疗,1975年,袁庚被分配到交通部,当了外事局副局长。<br />
<br />
ー恢复工作,袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体ー样活跃起来。<br />
<br />
恢复工作之前,袁庚骑自行车上街,总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道,“不能开 慢点吗” !恢复工作之后,自己也坐上了小汽车,有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了, “不能靠边骑吗” !他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化,在心里警告自己道: “可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀!”<br />
<br />
多年来,这成了他的一个信条。<br />
<br />
十ー、香港第一课<br />
<br />
1978年,做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚,以花甲之年改行搞经济,被派<br />
<br />
到香港招商局担任副董事长。<br />
<br />
招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日,招商局 香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱,从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。 历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长,所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。 从李鸿章算起,袁庚是第29任了。<br />
<br />
香港招商局在极'左‘思想影响之下,经营单一,困守一隅,搞了几十年没有什 么发展。袁庚到任,根据中央定下的“以航运为中心,立足港澳,背靠内地,面向海 外,多种经营,工商结合,买卖结合”的方针,以铁腕大力整顿。<br />
<br />
袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说:<br />
<br />
“我到香港的第一课,就是买了一座大楼,非常便宜,只花了 6180万（港币）。 第一次交订金时,支票2000万。那天是星期五,当时讲好下午2点钟,在ー个律师 楼里,大家一手交钱,一手交货。我们开了 2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的 对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里,发动机都没有停。ー上去之后,大 家一手交货,一手交钱,签字。签完字,对方拿着支票,两个人夹住,下去了。剩下 ー个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度,马上存到银行里去了。 因为明天是礼拜六了,人家银行关门,礼拜天也关门,假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前 不到银行去交那个支票的话,他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支 票交给他。我们的财务去了,他回来向我们报告,他说当时那个场面是很动人的。 当然,我们闭着眼睛也能想到,资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重 视,当时浮动利息是!4厘,三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志,那就 无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去,回家。他没有这个观念!这就是香港第一课。 我也不怕自惭形秽,ー窍不通,我接触经济工作,仅仅是5年多前开始的。但ー开 始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多!招商局的子公司多的是,ー检查,发现支 票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了 ,换了一个华东 财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后,我就给他讲这个道理,ー个礼拜之内他就能够接 受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事,立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后,财源 滚滚而来。……这个’时间就是金钱’,不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我,其实 这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’,它说得比我还 厉害,时间重于金钱!”<br />
<br />
招商局走上轨道,袁庚就考虑进ー步的发展了。1979年初,他和有关同志带 着在蛇口开发エ业区的蓝图,到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志 很感兴趣,当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给エ业区,袁庚还没有这个胆量,只要了<br />
<br />
2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候,袁庚心里默默 地说:<br />
<br />
“先念同志,签吧,您这ー笔下去,将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀!”<br />
<br />
十二、淸新<br />
<br />
1984年8月,蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅,迎面是ー架屏 风,正中间挂着一幅草书,苍劲流畅的书法,引人注目,细看那内容,更是气度非凡。 这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本,把它抄了下来。<br />
<br />
登微波楼<br />
<br />
微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
<br />
时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
<br />
宝安袁庚<br />
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我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
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我有同感。<br />
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蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
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六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
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晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
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啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
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十三、心血<br />
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清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
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ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
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1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
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这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
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施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
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午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
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下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
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厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
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的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
<br />
我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
<br />
我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
<br />
龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
<br />
“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
<br />
“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
<br />
“你有什么打算?”<br />
<br />
“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
<br />
“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
<br />
“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
<br />
在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
<br />
十五、激动的工程师<br />
<br />
7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
<br />
蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
<br />
边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
<br />
“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
<br />
的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
<br />
“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
<br />
46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
<br />
他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
<br />
王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
<br />
袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
<br />
管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
<br />
当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
<br />
“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
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“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
<br />
“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
<br />
“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
<br />
“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
<br />
“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
<br />
“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
<br />
“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
<br />
“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
<br />
了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
<br />
父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
<br />
“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
<br />
当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
<br />
“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
<br />
“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
<br />
“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
<br />
“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
<br />
第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
<br />
12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
<br />
1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
<br />
王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
<br />
“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
<br />
“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
<br />
“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
<br />
“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
<br />
“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
<br />
“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
<br />
“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
<br />
王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
<br />
十六、年轻的总经理<br />
<br />
一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
<br />
说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
<br />
“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
<br />
只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
<br />
她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
<br />
“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
<br />
“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
<br />
“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
<br />
“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=154985Report CN EN 032023-03-31T09:41:47Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：5.痴情 */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情==<br />
<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with long hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old, civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies were always covered; whereas in the West, people loved nudity, which seemed to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个一丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there was a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush and painting a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting was not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, had you ever thought that some of us would cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us would stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, would come like snowflakes. You might even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Were you fearless, or seized by a whim? You were out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he was painting.<br />
<br />
他站在一间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着ー支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着一张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stood in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looked disheveled, and his bosom was stained with different colors. His hair was long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there was a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exactly did you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it was today. The platforms were clean, the corridors were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the southern regions of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North...<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像ー块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and a black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with the excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man -- that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes..."<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me..."<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows -- the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"A business trip? Or visiting family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student in Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone..."<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What..."<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break..."<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man."<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. Resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
"So I don't understand art..."<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多少欢聚与悲离的 故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉一线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小伙子,而是一个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
During the long journey, as the young people of the same generation, it was the fate to meet each other in this running train! In life, many stories of reunion and departure were drawn by the heavy line across the land! The girl was close to the small table by the window, resting her chin in the hand, listening to the young man talk, and watching his expression. It seemed that he was not a young guy, but a strong and confident man. Calculating his age, he was even a few years older than the girl. Why did he give that illusion before? Alas, the age of men was really hard to guess...<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为一个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是一个有抱负、有才华的人!”<br />
<br />
Out of the female’s sensitivity, the girl suddenly felt shy and embarrassed. The condescending arrogance that she had just showed was now reversed and replaced by her hazy admiration. The girl looked at the painter's dress again, and the non-matching colors of black and red were not so conspicuous. Although the painter's cotton jacket was still so black, the collar of the underwear was still so crooked, and the hair was still so disheveled, in the eyes of the girl, they all became the evidence that the young man was a bachelor who was immersed in art and had no time to take care of himself, which touched the girl's heart of compassion: "It seems that he is an ambitious and talented man!"<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
The painter took out his drawing board, spread the paper and said to the girl, "Please allow me to make a sketch of you."<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
The girl nodded her head.<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简直像一个拙笨的新手。好半天,才抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
The painter drew very slowly, feeling ill at ease. The more he tried to draw well, the more nervous he became, and the brush was out of control. He was like a clumsy novice. After a long time, he apologized and said, "Sorry, I didn’t draw well..."<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来一看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会”了画家的灵犀。<br />
<br />
When the girl took it and looked, two red clouds rose on her cheeks. This sketch was not as good as the one of the mechanic, and those rigid lines were flaws of the work. To say it bluntly, she looked uglier in the painting than she really was. Is that what I look like? The girl had a reason to make a protest. However, she understood and forgave the painter with a sweet smile. Honestly, she didn't even want to see him too calm, too relaxed, like facing the model in the studio. The girl no longer regarded "resemblance in appearance" as so important, and she “understood tacitly” the painter's spirit.<br />
<br />
画纸的一角是签名和年月——袁运生,画于1964年2月。<br />
<br />
In one corner of the paper were the signature and date -- Yuan Yunsheng, painted in February 1964.<br />
<br />
画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
<br />
The painter said, "Give it to you."<br />
<br />
姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
<br />
The girl said, "Thank you, I’ll keep it as a memory."<br />
<br />
“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信地址?”<br />
<br />
"You see, I was so careless that I forgot to ask your name." The painter said, "Could you write down your mailing address?"<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
<br />
The girl smiled: "My name is Zhang Lanying." And she wrote down the address on the painter's sketchbook.<br />
<br />
火车抵达浦口,他们已经像一对熟识的老朋友了。从一个艺术型的医学院学生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
<br />
When the train arrived in Pukou, they already looked like two old friends. Many common temperaments could be found between an artistic medical student and a serious artist. The passengers on the same train thought they had known each other for a long time and treated them as a couple, saying goodbye to them with the appellation of “you two”.<br />
<br />
画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空一样清澈,像江水一样深沉……<br />
<br />
The painter sent the girl to the shore of the Yangtze River, a wet wind blowing from the river. It was time to part, and both of them were reluctant to leave. Lanying looked at Yuan Yunsheng with the warm and fond gaze, and that means everything! As clear as the sky, as deep as the river...<br />
<br />
呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江交织起来的一见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
Heh! Pretty girl, you were too sentimental. Did you know him? The story of love at first sight, woven by the main Beijing-Pukou line and the winding Yangtze River, was too indiscreet.<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
<br />
The Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River<br />
<br />
在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,一只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认真地涂抹着油彩,画出一个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
<br />
In the days of glorious morning light of the 1950s, a young boy's delicate hand, holding a paintbrush, was earnestly spreading the paint on the linen to draw a little girl with the same earnest expression, who was imitating her sister's movement, tying a bright red scarf around her neck.<br />
<br />
这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐一样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
<br />
This oil painting was sent from Nantong in Jiangsu Province to Beijing as an assignment for applying for the highest academy of arts, presenting the young painter’s sparkling artistic talent and a crystal-clear heart. The title was "Growing up to be like my sister", painted by Yuan Yunsheng.<br />
<br />
看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年除夕送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出一批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的艺术功底。<br />
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When looking at this oil painting, people might think that the painter had a soft and gentle femininity. In fact, he was just the opposite. He was stubborn and unrestrained, like a boisterous colt. His love of painting since childhood was mainly influenced by his father. His father worked in a middle school in Nantong. In his spare time, he enthusiastically collected various fine art works. Every year on the New Year’s Eve, they would bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new, and his father would always hang a number of new paintings on the wall, including Chinese and foreign ones, like a small exhibition, full of the atmosphere of the art salon. The paintings collected at home gave Yuan Yunsheng some enlightenment in art. When he got a little bit older, he went to the Cultural Center in Nantong to participate in activities, attend lectures, learn to sketch, and paint, laying the first foundation of art.<br />
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当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来一副犟脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
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When he applied to the Central Academy of Fine Arts, his father said with worry: "The boy was born with stubbornness, which makes us uneasy."<br />
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哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,一个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人 需要有个性。”<br />
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His brother Yuan Yunfu, who was also involved in fine art, kept cheering him on: "Go ahead. people involved in fine art needs to have a personality."<br />
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1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
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In the summer of 1955, the Central Academy of Fine Arts announced the admission of new students, Yuan Yansheng ranking the first.<br />
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如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画派。这是19世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画就像一部小说或一出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝圣者像请佛一样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
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If Yuan Yunsheng's work for the entrance examination could be classified as a certain school of art, it would be the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions. It was a progressive school of painting that emerged in Russia in the 19th century. It simulated life, emphasized themes, and focused on plot. A painting was like a novel or a play. It inherited Rembrandt’s tradition of realism and absorbed the Impressionism’s achievements in the use of light and color. After the October Revolution, it enjoyed the supreme position in the Soviet art circle and was invited to China by Chinese pilgrims, like inviting the Buddha. Of course, Yuan Yunsheng, only 17 years old, did not know the essence of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions, let alone that the school of art was linked to the school of politics.<br />
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他像奔跑在艺术山野 里的小鹿,一头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
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Like a fawn running in the wilderness of art, he bumped into the arms of Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions.<br />
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袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身 好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件 和艺术才能的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖力气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严格的训练——<br />
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Yuan Yunsheng was highly regarded by the academy. He was born in a good family (it was rare to have such a family background at that time) and excelled in the examination. He sat in the first-year classroom with a nimbus of political condition and artistic talent hanging over his head. He was elected as the commissary of Communist Youth League in charge of organization, who was totally the epitome of a socialist-minded and professionally competent man. He was also a real hard worker, and was very stubborn, taking everything seriously. Under the guidance of Soviet-style teaching methods, he received strict training --<br />
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挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与被画者保持绝对的耐性 。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面”,画上一整天,只画了半个头像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履的中年人走过来,这是礼聘 来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供同学们观摩。<br />
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Choosing a HB pencil, and sharpening it, and sketching in front of male and female models. The models were recruited at a very high price, both nude and non-nude. Under certain lights, the painter and the object stayed absolutely patient. He sketched out the outline at first, figured out the “light and plane”, and then drew all day long, only to have half picture of the head; the next day, the same scene was repeated under the same conditions; then, a middle-aged man with a high nose and deep eyes, dressed in a suit, came over, who was an expert invited cordially. Whenever he passed behind Yuan Yunsheng, his face often showed a look of satisfaction. Yuan Yunsheng got five points for all his sketches and oil paintings, which were sometimes hung in the classroom or in the corridor for students to watch.<br />
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这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉柯夫教学体系。-袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀——苏联在中国土地上开办的艺术工厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
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That year, a sketch and oil painting teaching conference of national fine art academies was held in Beijing to promote the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union. A half-length portrait of a Chinese woman painted by Yuan Yunsheng was shown off on the conference -- a standard mode produced by the art factory of the Soviet Union in China.<br />
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苏联专家的宠儿 ,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
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He was the favorite of the Soviet experts, and the pride of the Oil Painting Department. He had a lot of success and a bright future. He immersed himself in the painting all day long, with his hand keeping waving, like a devout disciple prostrating himself before his art idol, and praying that his soul would ascend to the temple of art, seating on a throne surrounded by roses with a crown of pearls… It was the highest ideal for college students majoring in oil painting at that time.<br />
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但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
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But the naive faith was not solid, like an edifice built on a thin and narrow foundation, which could easily collapse. Once it was subverted, it could cause endless troubles.<br />
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苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便朝那里走去。他停在一帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来一阵电灼般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
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Distress had come to him, and he brought it upon himself. One morning, he heard that there was an exhibition of paintings being held in the hall, and went there. He stopped in front of a sequence of copies of the oil paintings, casting a calm glance upon it, and his whole body felt an electric sensation. His heart was shaking, and his blood was boiling.<br />
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这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风 的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的感情,像酒一样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
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These were the works of the European Post-Impressionist painter Van Gogh, with ordinary and simple images: fields, haystacks, a clock reflected by the setting sun, and sunflowers in clay pots. In addition, there were some portraits of ordinary people: postmen, miners, movers, and inmates who were released for yard time. In these unpretentious pictures, the author poured out the strongest feelings, as strong as wine, like a flame burning!<br />
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看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格 。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生——向日葵,仿佛摇身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探求……这哪里是绘画呀,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每一线条和每一色块都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
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Look, the jagged trees were rebellious. The undulating earth seemed to tell of suffering. The painter poured deep feelings into those ordinary people. The still-life painting -- sunflowers, seemed to turn into a living thing, stretching out its jumble of tentacles to the frozen space, capturing, swaying, and indefatigably seeking... It was not a painting, but a call of the painter's life, a representation of his character! Every line and every color block were flowing, coming through invisible channels to clamp people, annihilate them to a great vortex of emotion...<br />
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袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被一支锐利的艺术之箭射穿了。<br />
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Yuan Yunsheng walked out of the hall, with his legs wobbling, as if he was drunk, was hurt. His heart was pierced by a sharp arrow of art.<br />
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他回到宿舍,一头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高才生转瞬间变成西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
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He went back to the dormitory and threw himself onto the bed. It was ironic that a top student of the Chistiakov’s teaching system in the Soviet Union became a captive of the Western European Post-Impressionism in an instant.<br />
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宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地问:“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
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When the door of the dormitory opened, his roommate came in. Seeing him pale and tired, he asked in surprise, "Yunsheng, what happened to you?"<br />
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“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
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"I went to see an exhibition of Van Gogh's paintings." Yuan Yunsheng sat up in bed and said, "I've never been so excited by the works of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions..."<br />
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他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的基础。有这个就够了。下一步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚 。<br />
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He expressed his thoughts. In his opinion, the merit of Soviet painting theory lied in the emphasis on placing the object under certain light, observing the levels and hues with a subtle look, and tracing it carefully, which was the basis of all paintings. It was enough. The next step was to break free and move forward, not to limit themselves.<br />
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他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧上了天 ,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在干着什么蠢事呀? ……<br />
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He was right. Throughout the history of art, each school had its own process of formation, development, vicissitudes, and ups and downs. The Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions deserved its place in the art circle without dispute. But once it was praised to the skies, and promoted by administrative means, it would be counterproductive and bring suffocating disaster to the art. In fact, in the 1950s, painters all over the world, including Soviet painters, were running, exploring and innovating. And how stupid we were! ...<br />
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袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
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Yuan Yunsheng said excitedly: "We follow behind them and pick up what they have thrown away!"<br />
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好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,一个几亿人的社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎。<br />
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His good friends were familiar with his character and sympathized with his comments, but they worried about him. At that time, a society of hundreds of millions of people prostrated itself before Soviet idols, and his words were tantamount to a form of blasphemy.<br />
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从那以后,他变得不大安分 了, 一头温驯的伏尔加式的 小鹿,现出烈性马驹的本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标。<br />
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From then on, he became rebel. A tame fawn, like the one on the Volga car, showed the true colors of a boisterous colt. In addition to completing the homework as usual, he improvised with mixed painting techniques, as if he was pursuing an ethereal goal.<br />
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目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
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The goal, was finally found, unexpectedly close at hand.<br />
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从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里 之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭ー张学生 证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶 子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹……<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
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长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象カ!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人, 栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱 翔 <br />
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他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。 他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条 表现出高超的魅力。<br />
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站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他 的思绪如抛出的ー缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作 两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近 求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从 东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
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祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
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虎丘<br />
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兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩 柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
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姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
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她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中 回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认 识ー下,如果手头有照片,请寄来ー张。<br />
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兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选ー张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。 这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息 ー样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
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兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以 后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些 年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有 点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
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此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人 占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想 象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的 眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不 容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,ー见钟 情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜 蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
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学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在 肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
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“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄 起话筒,ー惊一喜一那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
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兰英极カ掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,ー阵风似的跑到 学校的门口。<br />
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画家站在那里,手中照例拿着ー个速写本。<br />
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“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
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“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
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“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
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“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……”<br />
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兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春 岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意 味着向人生的ー个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
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“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
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“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
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当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
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和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深” 〇沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池 澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈 静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
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这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在ー起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她 觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
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“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
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“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
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可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术 他对这ー带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而 倾倒。<br />
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前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画 家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到 对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去,仿佛在祝福这ー对美 好的情侣。突然,ー股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
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这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林 的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰ー样醉红,双唇像微微绽 开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰 尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己 ー样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后 ー瞬 <br />
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“兰英,我要告诉你ー件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是’右 派’厂’<br />
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霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
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孤岛上<br />
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到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。!957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
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他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的 实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。 这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了 幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
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小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾 的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派 脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体,心情是焦渴的。当 蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家 生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
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小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左 右,オ有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
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“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好 啦……”<br />
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他看完报纸ー扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生 活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块 和线条的运用。<br />
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年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队 的宣传干事带到ー间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
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“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
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“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
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“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
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“为什么?”<br />
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“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查。你们学校填写了 两份材料,你的情况单纯。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
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袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是ー种荣幸,既然生活当中存在 这样ー些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过 了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加 以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
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“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放 炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
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不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情 调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活 见鬼!中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
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不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
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北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷,使 海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书 记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头,有碍“百花齐放”〇袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
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袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中 国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? ー连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
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有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像ー个漏了税的走私犯接受 审讯。<br />
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摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名一“反苏” 〇<br />
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究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然 他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
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他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他ー挥手:“请你到外 面等一会儿。”<br />
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他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听 见屋里在争论。<br />
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有人说:“够了……<br />
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有人说:“还不够…<br />
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有人说:“态度还好<br />
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他的好友在替他争辩,另ー些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉 默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
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“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
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政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色一红与黑。点朱 泼墨,二者居其ー,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不 同,观点对立,照样用黑笔ー勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
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晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
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哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
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“我是’右派’了。”<br />
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“呵?”哥哥大吃ー惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
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“我没犯错误。”<br />
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“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
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“他们说我是,就是啰。”<br />
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“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
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“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
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哥哥望着他那单纯的面孔,望着他嘴上柔软的茸毛,心缩紧了,欲哭无泪。他 只有18岁呀!被践踏而感觉痛苦的人是不幸的;被践踏尚且不懂得痛苦的人又是 多么可悲哪!他太年轻了,还没来得及向生活伸出触角,一旦他那稚嫩的敏感的神 经末梢感觉到痛楚,他能活下去吗?<br />
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他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山 造湖,兴修水库,ー颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场 面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地 指挥部,请求一边干活ー边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人 来访。<br />
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又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他ー个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌 午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃 地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝 惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
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可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受 改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。 只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成 呵斥的嗓门,ー张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了一仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
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他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
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过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后 来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
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小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活,学校当局不再 放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他オ感到了痛 苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷 中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出 ー串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
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屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床 前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
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他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是ー种负担。我 需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
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新月<br />
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タ阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透 明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对 青年男女。<br />
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这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们ー页ー页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初 恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像ー阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只 残忍的巨手ー挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严 峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择。<br />
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在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的ー 群,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以 “杀气腾腾煽风点火”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下 没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对 他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁 愿与鬼贼联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
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在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每ー个姑娘 都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵ーー询 问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,エ资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和 间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称ー称。爱情的内容转变了,转变 为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义。<br />
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兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血 管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽 得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富 贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色 的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
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兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气。因此,她 还不懂得利害。<br />
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政治运动对姑娘来说,像ー场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来 得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些 了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些 “右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她 还时常听到这样的告诫:有オ华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现 实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不 断得到强化。<br />
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抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的 嘲讽。<br />
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眼前的画家又是ー个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离 经叛道的歧路,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为 政治问题?为什么要让ー个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛 献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家 不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇 气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的オ华……什么是オ华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它 是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘 喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下ー颗蓝色 的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提 起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
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画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子,也是有限的宽恕,一 切还同过去ー样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
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“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
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“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
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“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
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这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到 足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激 动的光辉:“世上有オ华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏 看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
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难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把オ华糟蹋得像ー块抹布的年月里,这句话,他 不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子 无オ便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,オ华再也不是令知识分 子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火 焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
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兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市 的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费カ气地 获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝 沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究 竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯 灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被 搞得阴阳颠倒！ ー时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到ー颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙ー样晶莹闪烁。<br />
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兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
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画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
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“喜欢。”<br />
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“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
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“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
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画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝里滚动。<br />
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ー弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一 尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
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画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做 人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进 行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的 苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
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双桥<br />
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当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具 的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢一充当囚犯, 颠沛流离,饱尝辛酸……<br />
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翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
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我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石礙,弓 着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下ー闪ー闪。<br />
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这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但 是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是 最年轻的ー个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石礙,ー拉就是一天。<br />
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二十几个人住在ー间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里 两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。 几年前,在他们头顶上发生的那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄 默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成 为ー门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向 两极。<br />
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袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头ー个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,ー头畜力转眼 间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻 找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
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他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能 像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就 运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着 他。试问,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射 的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙 的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变 形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那 样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展 示了情景交融的空间ーー略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
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他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵 他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多 张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着 既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
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住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举 止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的 学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
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“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画 吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去「’<br />
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这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府 里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
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一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义 的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着 人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
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散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特 儿是清痺的、憔悴的,ー副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出ー个美的灵 魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
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“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
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这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
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ー个被撤职的党委书记,ー个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下 扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
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雨纷纷<br />
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画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业 分配。<br />
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东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻 掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南 鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降 临头上。<br />
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兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有 篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
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当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋 友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
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姑娘一五ー十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住。<br />
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兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象カ,把故事编得像田园牧 歌ー样美妙 <br />
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“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
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“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
<br />
“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子〇”<br />
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“那个人干什么的?”<br />
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“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
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“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英 将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
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但是,在学校的ー间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒 的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主 义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去 的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
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兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了<br />
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“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样ー个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣 个黑锅背ー辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
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“我乐意……”<br />
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“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍 白,四肢麻木,像是ー个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的 姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴 的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
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更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她, 好像她做了什么亏心事。ー颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使 她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
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她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨一爸爸生前的战友。<br />
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阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
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兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方 设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空ー样阴郁。<br />
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“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说;我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
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她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
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西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨 非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
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兰英的眉心舒展了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
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“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢,”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍ー个男<br />
朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证 会喜欢他……”<br />
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兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
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阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养 感情嘛……”<br />
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姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进ー团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲 径好像布满陷阱。ー种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。 给你!”<br />
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兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节 奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
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回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰 英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
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“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
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“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好 好谈谈吧……”<br />
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晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
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“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们 党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
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姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
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“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分 子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们ー些好处。打个比喻吧,好 比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那 些人再好,也不能使用。你多想ー想吧……”<br />
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姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头ー次听说,在政策的背后 还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
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这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所 醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。ー个势单力孤的女 子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他 吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰 尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情 愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为ー个农 家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来 时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像 断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
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第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看ー 看就会明白的。”<br />
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这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到ー篇文 章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么 呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的ー小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的 题目 <br />
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水乡记忆<br />
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“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
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“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
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“我先尝尝一哈,又香又脆!”<br />
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“放开肚皮吧,反正不花钱……”<br />
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袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼 声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
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这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回 到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择ー处乡土气息 浓厚的地区深入生活,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓 库隔壁的ー间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏 杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传ロ号消失了,生理本能 在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满 几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是ー出率先占有填充 材料的喜剧。<br />
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袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
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“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
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“别理他!”<br />
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这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预ー 下也无可厚非。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
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然而,夜间的梦寐并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理 解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的 心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
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回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,ー股不可遏制的创作冲动驱 使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去ー个晚上的 时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
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他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小 呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
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他把行李卷、画布和油彩,ー股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型 文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积 着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上ー摊,不 分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两 个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
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这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
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《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画 家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的 分数都不肯给。<br />
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水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
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画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有 玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
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看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。ー 个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开ー张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。ー个 淳朴的小女孩刚オ卖掉ー只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看 被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔 下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着ー桩桩美好的故事ーー人们 在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
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桥下是ー泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相 擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在 船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
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这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时 更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚 强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举 世无双的韧性一走向明天!<br />
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谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁 的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪 夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的 语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
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当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有 人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。 作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视 的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用 西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘 出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩,年画的敦厚朴实和壁 画的装饰趣味。<br />
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把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为ー炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿 了吧！<br />
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但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放 废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的 后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀 把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门 的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把 它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
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离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取 缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该 被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着ー堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不 画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指 责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的 路口只亮着ー盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
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中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我 可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出 作者的艺术才能。”<br />
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只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可 怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家 应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世一其中也 包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
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月台边<br />
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兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
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阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力 的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟 他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子,还会累及子女。<br />
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那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘 与画家结合的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的 人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来 的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
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这是ー场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
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阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效カ,递过ー支笔、ー张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
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兰英接过纸笔。<br />
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她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表 示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家 能够得到另ー个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后ー个字,信纸上满是斑斑 泪痕。<br />
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阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你 不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
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“本来就是被迫的「’兰英没好气地说。<br />
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阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
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兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷 吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语 言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将 把信撕得粉碎,ー赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净 <br />
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兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
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画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条 件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
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姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
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对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
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“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
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学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个 长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
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火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风 光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人 头攒动的月台上,她ー眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
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兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。 但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑 娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
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画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
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“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什 么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
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姑娘把旅行袋往前ー递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听 懂是什么意思。<br />
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“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑ー趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日 子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
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明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何 是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解一那些无尽无休的劝说、挑 唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
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兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有 同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同 财产,是一条印花双人床单。在ー间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪 式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫 近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
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人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
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兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽 容一除了东北三省之外,其他任何ー个城市都行。实心眼儿的姑娘把手指放在 地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山 海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
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她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀 和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一 度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条 件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着ー块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身 来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生 活无法自理。直到这时,她オ感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
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画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到ー份工作,又赶到唐山,好 不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户ロ的证件。至此,他们已经两地分 居六年了。<br />
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兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年 了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西ーー优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青 春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了 巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。 耿耿银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
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陋室铭<br />
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破木桌上摊开ー张纸片,ー只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了 圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱 子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
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这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还 是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
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小屋只有!4平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, ー排大连铺占去三分之ニ的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间 是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
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眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这 个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好 几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所 听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
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兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
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兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食 堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不 发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝 糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头ー样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那 些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
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家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物 价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买 不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱ー个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
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他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
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“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
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“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
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妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服ロ袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
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儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
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过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
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画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
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儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚オ他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤 肉颠得没影了……<br />
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“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
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儿子也笑了。ー场精神上的欢笑代替了假日的会餐。<br />
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在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门 面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现 代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处 境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得 很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到 家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
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在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似 的想点办法?”<br />
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“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
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“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合 过得去……”<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
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妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题ー搁,永远不再提起。<br />
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兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们 家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥ー顿饱ー顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的 换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环 境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣 服洗一洗吧。”<br />
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“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干ー场。<br />
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他把床单和衣服泡了满满ー盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他ー忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;ー忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
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他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板 凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
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兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过ー丝苦笑。<br />
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画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
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一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚 子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,ー共跳了多 少次?，，<br />
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画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
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兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪一整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。<br />
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干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
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天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入 睡;儿子ー沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手 抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另ー只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
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漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
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兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为 人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为ー个正直的画家的妻子的全部 甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕 耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还 被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦 楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
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她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙<br />
爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
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车轮下<br />
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袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱 地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
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兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为ー家人做早饭。<br />
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画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
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兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺ー躺。”画家匆匆吃过 早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
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在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过ー场大雪,北风ー刮,马路上结 着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
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画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜 劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命的时刻。<br />
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人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
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穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽 听ー阵隆隆的马达声。ー辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。 速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人 带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的 传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
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街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
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卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。 卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团 儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
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这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸ロー轧,就 算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃 脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
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按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同 情一预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦 的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。 即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头一抗争！<br />
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接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡 车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车 咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人 们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
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“千万不能倒下「’画家想,“ー倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
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卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反<br />
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应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
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画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
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抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天<br />
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ォ清醒过来。<br />
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兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾ー切地赶到医院。存车的时 候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙 怎么也拔不出来。<br />
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存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚オ进医院的时<br />
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候,自己还能走路。"<br />
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兰英这オ觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
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兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫 妻双双躺在床上。<br />
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孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和<br />
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女儿一人捧回ー包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
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儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
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女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
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兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早<br />
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地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心 灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿 <br />
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画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰<br />
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问。他们留下ー百块钱赔偿经济损失一画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
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客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
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兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看ー<br />
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眼也令人伤心。<br />
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画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
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“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
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画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知<br />
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道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民ーー我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去「’<br />
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这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是ー个贫病交困的人的 最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对ー些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那 样遥远,拼着性命オ能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼 痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘 寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
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数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情 目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
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袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的 印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
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袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花 甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,ー举ー动都受到街道居委 会的监视。<br />
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袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没 有什么值得高兴的一中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路 线走ー遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽 然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
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江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上 挂着一幅画框,嵌着ー张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那 张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到 使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
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袁运生打开画夹,把ー组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的 牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人 物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的 笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
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“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真 诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
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袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨 的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风 中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手ー丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
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画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于!974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白 描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
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江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他 说:“呵,黄河! ー泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声 音……"<br />
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春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了 !<br />
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担担画<br />
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“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
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美术界ー些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头 角,施展オ华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任 河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各 种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是ー个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。 这个磨砺精深的艺术家,就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
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乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
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在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现 了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,ー头不驯服的长发 如垂下万根烦恼丝。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁 了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
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他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
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兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
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兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议 事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就 是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
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1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机 会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
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他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了 妻子,全家人像过节ー样快乐<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
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“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
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女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
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“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
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他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
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兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
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丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注ー掷了 !”<br />
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是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举 动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一 个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使ー颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴ー样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
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晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,ー针针,ー线线,直缝到天 色薄明。<br />
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“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
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“三个月吧。”画家说,“你ー个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
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妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
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这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府一景洪。他被西双版纳惊 人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林 绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水 晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁 着珠光宝气。<br />
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有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天 堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾 洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
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他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地。招待所的服务人员很 有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进ー间中等客房。<br />
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画家开ロ就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
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服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
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“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
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“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
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“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
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他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下ー步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各<br />
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的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
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幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出 的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
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云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族 的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
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好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的 背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有!40多斤重。小伙子看了直 抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
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袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
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瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
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奏鸣曲<br />
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瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
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呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
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那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝ー样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
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就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
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西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰 富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住 兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在ー棵树 前,一画就是一整天。<br />
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“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
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“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古 老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
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袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。 每ー笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家 的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小 虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理 昧 <br />
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中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来オ深有感 受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
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画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在ー起的<br />
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他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情 而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
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每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。 晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛 着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗 条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
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“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银 铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她 们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露ー截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使 她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后ー盘,自然地溜向ー 边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
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少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来ー阵阵悠扬 的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在 纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
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诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就 在苦苦思索ー个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
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美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出 你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
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面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我 感受却不尽相同。ー百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,ー百种不同的表现方法。<br />
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艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。<br />
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从夏末到中秋,他在ー串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勧定的一个偏僻的 小村寨。<br />
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这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上 开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本 寨的荣耀。<br />
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同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无カ同病魔 斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是 “鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者ー商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那<br />
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些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
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“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的ー 瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精 粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的 请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起 画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
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小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的 经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂 痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在ー起进餐,然后由男方挑着担 子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱 护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像ー泓溪 水那样清澈。<br />
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一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清 脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的 手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
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这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在 古老的贝叶经里的传说一从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘 据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑 娘们生出ー计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头ー沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒 醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。 一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使 自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
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晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这 万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
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广为流传的神话传说,往往是ー个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到 的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑 海里汇集,逐渐熔化为ー团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳 美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地 多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西 双版纳。这是ー个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、 秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条一单纯与丰富高度和谐地统ー!<br />
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他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的 独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。 那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的ー组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
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昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘 绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
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公主啊!<br />
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你是ー颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
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但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
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把宝石镶在我的心上 <br />
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他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
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二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
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袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
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兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心 开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画 不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
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画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失 火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
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其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们 忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
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画家在长春的ー个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁 愕然了。<br />
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这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰 英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出ー个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗 震棚挪动着……<br />
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显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的 艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
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朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那<br />
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位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道<br />
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壁画之梦<br />
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不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白 皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的 空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀ー样扑朔不定。他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。他搞不 清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里……<br />
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昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的 画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。ー抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳 光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从 梦境回到了现实的世界。<br />
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这是!979年1月,在北京白家庄。<br />
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袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水 晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候 机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍 特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成 了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建 筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业 技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理 者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和エ艺 美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得 到了推荐,也在被邀请之列〇<br />
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随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热 度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使ー些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑 文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否 定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以 免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对 稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单ー些,拿他的 话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。”<br />
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袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节一生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻<br />
辑和客观条件应运而生的。<br />
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候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的ー块地 方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙 壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美 的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心 中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝 叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴 的哲理。他决定挨弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。”<br />
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主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思 毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在 以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知 命运如何?<br />
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袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是 工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动 的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境……<br />
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在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大 门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统ー。那座大门 却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门 搏斗,ー支接ー支地吸烟,ー张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可 以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和 生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。<br />
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“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。<br />
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“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……”<br />
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在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一 个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充 满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风 雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出ー股韧性。为了 重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟 此时的心情。<br />
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整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉 的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法ーー“拱桥的两头 很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么 美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》）<br />
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实现这个迷人的想法,真是ー项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多 彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活 和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每ー 个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意 味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去 表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了……<br />
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又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还 有灯光。<br />
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这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴 山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟 弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧……<br />
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对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他 还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在 毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀!<br />
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天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休 息几天,回长春去过年吧。”<br />
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袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用〇第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制〇”<br />
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“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多 了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。”<br />
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提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能 在家待几天?”<br />
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画家说:“春节ー过,还得讨论画稿。这ー稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了〇”<br />
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兰英叹了一 口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……”<br />
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画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。”<br />
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兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?”<br />
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画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。<br />
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这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻 璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下ー个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹……<br />
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从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
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忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴 云笼罩着 <br />
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牛皮纸<br />
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春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。<br />
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绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机 场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材 料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、 冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
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参加《泼水节一生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶 来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传 统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
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脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月 的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。<br />
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兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的ー次 妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她 的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。<br />
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在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用 的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气 设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻 待在ー起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就 翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是 深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮エ。<br />
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好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院 时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是 出乎意料的,几个月以前的ー小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是 <br />
外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到 癌一恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不 是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意 识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务 的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢?<br />
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她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了 候机大楼,站在脚手架旁……<br />
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大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进 来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着ー 场真正的建设一脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着 画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到 了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额 垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出 的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在……<br />
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兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。 从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,ー个艺术赤子的オ华、 智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔 端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳 茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动 作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚 鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。 艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华!<br />
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站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。<br />
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兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺 术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得 到了精神的补偿。<br />
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这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查 有结果了吗?”<br />
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兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说<br />
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妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。”<br />
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“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
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Chapter Two<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对ー对 画稿上的人物动作。”<br />
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“好吧。”妻子应允了。<br />
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兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分 子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时 间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身 的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容……<br />
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几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的 一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为ー个外科 医生,如果给自己开ー张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切 除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时 机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的ー桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手 术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的 亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カー搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的 希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏 在心底很久很久了。<br />
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一声长笛,列车开走了,载着ー颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾 霭中 <br />
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袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过 墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,ー株热带丛林特有的 鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地 面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像 是在为自己的青春而骄傲……<br />
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环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画 家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对 墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。<br />
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洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女 表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江 里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。 “我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的 崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的ー种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维 纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的 崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况 他画的是神话传说而不是习俗……<br />
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看来,画家打错了主意?<br />
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在ー些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富 有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生 产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿 穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了 别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并 没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和 犯罪搅成一池浑水。<br />
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盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象 征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。<br />
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这并不显眼的一角却引来ー批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看 热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
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这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不題了。如 要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花 任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想 到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的ー场争论。<br />
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六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受 尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界 上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的ー班轻薄少年、 无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之 照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人 提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军 阀败北。<br />
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历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的ー桩旧案犹未了结<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思 想解放!”<br />
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他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人 帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。<br />
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舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的 绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用 进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时 的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事……<br />
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不是结尾<br />
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10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在 大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动……<br />
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首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获 得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁 画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞 歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次 文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来 到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。<br />
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国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁 说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人ー进入中国就有一个强烈 的印象,这种艺术是ー个国家国力的象征。”<br />
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日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉 朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉 得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……”<br />
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这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的 日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖 的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆 动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰 ー样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔……<br />
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呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化?<br />
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不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着 ー个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作 是坚定正确的表现。他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不 再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强 化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。<br />
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那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧?<br />
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只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。 直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从 她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她 静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无 望,只等待手术的判决……<br />
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ー个人站立起来了,另ー个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南 去的列车上ー见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也 不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、 贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术 经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下ー笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。<br />
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画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼 眶里滚动。<br />
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他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:ー种是诚实的艺术家;另 ー种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。<br />
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他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限 度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少ー些吗?<br />
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他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。<br />
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后记:<br />
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本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又辻了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世 事变迁未可尽述。<br />
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——作者<br />
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（原载《十月》1980年6月）<br />
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==卷一：10.热血男儿==<br />
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热血男儿<br />
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李士非<br />
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满腔的热血已经沸腾。<br />
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《国际歌》<br />
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ー、能见到袁庚吗?<br />
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在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天,蛇口エ业区和它的领导人袁庚,名扬国内外,越 来越引人注目。<br />
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但是,我接受写袁庚的任务,未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他,手头也没有 积累多少关于他的资料,而且听说采访他很困难:他是香港招商局常务副董事长 （人们因此亲切地称他为袁董）,大部分时间在香港,每到蛇口,都忙得不可开交, 实在抽不出时间接受采访。但是,过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观,听过介绍,看 过录像,袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣,接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口 来,这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。“能见到袁庚吗?”“即使见不到袁庚也要写!”所谓 “冒险”,无非是写不出或写不好,个人面子不好看罢了,比起袁庚和他的朋友们从 事改革所冒的风险,简直是微不足道的。<br />
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仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气,到这里待ー些日子也是值得的。<br />
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“如果你只能待很短的时间,我劝你趁早打退堂鼓,不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆 辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意,开弓没有回头箭,退堂鼓是 不好打的。<br />
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二、夜访梁宪<br />
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在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口,袁庚出国去了,说是7月底或8月初 才能回来。最了解他的ー个人,东江纵队时期就和他ー起工作,现任蛇口工业区顾 <br />
问的许智明,到澳大利亚探亲去了,归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同, “时间就是金钱,效率就是生命”,白天工作紧张,找人谈话很难,晚上访问也要事 先约定,因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰 上袁庚的儿子袁中印,《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意,他马 上说:“有什么好写的?这么多人写过了,要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受 了乃父的影响,不大欢迎采访。“慢慢来吧,我一定要找你的。”我心里说。<br />
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多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙,约定了 一天晚上9点钟去访问エ业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人,穿过海 滨花园,沐着海风,经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边,漫步走向梁宪的住 处。早已听说,他!962年毕业于中山大学外语系,是梁宗岱教授的高足,对法国文 学很有研究。果然,ー见之下,我就感到他是ー个充满艺术气质的人。<br />
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他掏出港币,买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客,然后和我们谈笑风生。<br />
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“你们是文人,我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人,她在中央戏剧学 院教书。我对她说:你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的,但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。 中国像你们这样的文人太多,像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一 句英语,“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙,黄虹坚ー时也 没反应过来,陈宜浩翻译说:“他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑 起来。<br />
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梁宪大学毕业的时候,老百姓正在饿肚子,大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法 国文学的尖子,后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作,比袁庚晚半 年多一点。袁庚很器重他,有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。<br />
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“我去香港的时候,老婆说:最怕你没骨气,没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是 有的,外派干部只要有一点热血,就不是追求几大件,而是感到抬不起头来!<br />
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“刚到香港,每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐,ー串串的,海上漂着偷渡者的尸 体,我们不能忍受,啪一声把电视关了。<br />
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“我们国内建设搞不好,连ー些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们, 心里真难受呀。所以,我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过:’我之所以这么干,是 为了实现我入党时的初衷。’”<br />
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一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿,梁宪又概括地说:<br />
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“我熟悉的人当中,有两个热血男儿,ー个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛,ー个就是 袁庚!”<br />
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好一个“热血男儿” !这个词太恰当了,把这两个人相提并论太好了,我不禁<br />
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怦然心动,觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。<br />
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也真巧,比我年长20岁的刘任涛,是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第 一流的眼科专家,共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长,曾为刘伯承元帅安过义 眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》,改行当了电影编剧,“文化大革命”中在珠 影被诬为“历史反革命”,打断五根肋骨,投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动 期间,他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明,不顾自己的政治处境,不顾没 有任何医疗条件,决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他:“万一失败,你就 是阶级报复,就会重进监狱。”他不听,他终于成功了。“作为医生,我拯救了我的 灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀,立下遗嘱:死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢 复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
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刘任涛和袁庚,经历和事业完全不同,但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身 精神,是多么相似呵!我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚,觉得对袁庚也开始熟 悉了。<br />
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三、“冒险家”<br />
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刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障,要冒风险。袁 庚在蛇口进行改革,要冒更大的风险:两年之前,不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影 地攻击经济特区嘛!<br />
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但是,时代毕竟不同了,今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月 9日,胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区,袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆,和总书记有一 段精彩的对话。<br />
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袁庚:关于改革问题,现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看,凡是搞改革 的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法,最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变 法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪,改良主义,结果六君子被 杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革,我想不会落得前人这样 的下场,我们是在党的领导下进行的,不会有问题吧,我们值得冒这个险!<br />
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胡耀邦:过去的改革是下层少数人去改,领导者、统治者是压制的。现在 不同,我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改,现在和过去根本不同嘛!<br />
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袁庚:我们感到,我们的干部是不大怕群众的,只怕顶头上司,怕上司不喜 欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说,我每次来蛇口,ー上码头,前呼后 拥的,下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒,就会忘乎所以,久而久之, 就不怕群众,不怕下级,因为群众、下级撤不了我的职,我只怕交通部,怕顶头 上司,只有他们才能撤我的职。<br />
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所以,群众监督干部,群众有权选举和罢免干部,这至关重要。我们这里 想搞个改革试点,管委会由群众选举产生,每年投一次信任票,如果不信任票 超过半数,管委会就得改选,个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公 开的、直接的,由群众投票选举的领导班子,就会想群众之所想,急群众之所 急,就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手,就有人自动送礼 上门,如果头脑不清醒,不能自律,就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装 懂,诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部,我相信可以改变一下干部的结 构和干部的作风。我们想做这样ー个不太小的改革,准备冒一点风险。<br />
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胡耀邦:（点头）好!很好!<br />
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袁庚:总书记说了好,我们就记录在案,马上打报告这样做。<br />
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胡耀邦:（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿,在哪 ー出戏里我忘记了,讽刺官僚主义者,他不敢骂台上的官,只敢骂戏台上堂前 的鼓。有一段唱词说:“一棵大树腹中空,两头都是皮儿绷,每天上堂敲三下, R卜咚ゆ咚又ゆ咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛!（全场大笑）<br />
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党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印,想到ー块去了,这在蛇口的发 展史上,是应当大书特书的。<br />
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1983年4月24日,选举产生了蛇口エ业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22 日,按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票?组干处处长虞 德海说:“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的,信任票不足半数就 得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决,一定要搞信任投票。” 投票结果,管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数,袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上,全 部投票公开,任人查阅,尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐,如“某某能力低”“某某 不堪信任”之类,也不加掩饰。<br />
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这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。<br />
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四、“那里不肯放,就辞职!”<br />
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选举产生领导班子,定期举行信任投票,这是袁庚深思熟虑的ー项决定。他深<br />
深感到,不改革干部制度,不改变干部结构,任何改革都无从谈起,“四化”也只是 一句空话。<br />
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有的领导干部,居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人:“你们大学建多大的桥?” 问来访的美国客人:“英国人讲英语,你们美国人讲什么语?”还有人向中央领导同 志汇报他到香港考察的收获:“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯!”如此等等,令人 啼笑皆非。这样的干部,怎能担当建设“四化”的重任!<br />
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蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地）,指挥部只有 二十多个干部的时候,袁庚就开始考虑如何培育ー支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命 化的干部队伍。1981年,他排除阻カ,毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班,从全国 各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说,“我是个冒险家,为了蛇口的改革,我从 全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。<br />
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当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员,委托交通部下属的交通科 学院情报所代为主持,在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、 江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。<br />
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王潮梁!938年出生于江苏无锡,1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计 专业。早在1958年,他就参考外国的资料,在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫 原理,并和同学们一道造出了样品,在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对 飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是,在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年 代,几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机エ厂飞机设 计室任产品主管设计员,那时生产要听驻厂军代表的,而军代表只相信苏联专家和 苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料,翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂, 即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂,也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚 子气,却毫无办法。岁月如流,王潮梁搞了 17年飞机设计,却看到我们的飞机エ业 比印度还落后;又研制了四年的飞翔船,却看不到一艘飞翔船下水,那种壮志难酬 的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会,唯一的名额给了业务上 根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培 训班招生的广告时,他兴奋极了,“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方,去!”立刻把广告 剪下来,郑重地贴在本子上。<br />
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他第一个走进考场,第一个走出考场。笔试、面试,成绩优良。主持考试的情 报所林鸿慈同志下了结论:这是个人才,录取！<br />
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但是,在中国有一个很大的矛盾:生产资料是全民所有制,干部却是单位私有 制。ー个单位可以把ー个或ー批人才冷藏ー辈子<br />
<br />
长江航运科研所不肯放人。<br />
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198I年11月,袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他,向他汇 报了招生的情况,特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。<br />
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袁庚很激动。<br />
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“小王是不是党员?”<br />
<br />
“不是。”<br />
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“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量,开个头,那里不肯放,就辞职!我这 里收。最多就是人家去告状,最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先 例。告到国务院,我们就把这个同志的情况报上去,中央领导会支持我们。新华社 社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开’干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人 在单位不充分发挥作用,又不让调,这个局面不打开是不成的!”<br />
<br />
林鸿慈被袁庚打动了,写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁,同时通过各种渠道 去做说服、疏通工作。终于,用不着王潮梁辞职,单位同意放人了。1982年,王潮 梁来到蛇口工业区。<br />
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五、企业管理研究生<br />
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1982年12月的一天晚上,ー个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
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这是一次事先约定的会见。<br />
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年轻人叫余昌民,刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清 华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生,工作了八九年,深感中国企业管理的弊病 太多,1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年, 专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息,《读卖新闻》为 此发了专稿,登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了,干什么好呢?学校建议他到国家 经委属下的中国企业研究协会去,这当然是个专业对口的美差,但是在武汉工作的 爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候,蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。他每星期上街 去买《深圳特区报》,得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝,如饥似渴地加以研 究。不难判断,蛇口エ业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去!决心下定了,系 里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会,经朋友介绍,他就来登门拜访了。<br />
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会面的一瞬间,两个人互相观察了一下。<br />
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“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗?穿件中式棉袄,和一般的老干部没啥差别,不 是想象中的那个改革家的模样,而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真 的值得?”<br />
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真正的一闪念,没容余昌民多想,袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
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谈话开门见山。<br />
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“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里?”<br />
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“在于体制。”<br />
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“对了!”袁庚兴奋起来,侃侃而谈,“上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦,说 他们要一千人,劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用,那七百是搭配的闲人,你再要, 就再搭配,再多余,反正是大锅饭,大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了,还说这是社会主义 的优越性!这样,工厂冗员越来越多,工厂成了小社会,在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的, 形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ,败坏着我们的民族素质!这样的体制不改革,我们 就没有出路!”<br />
<br />
“我的ー篇论文,提出了企业的素质问题。”<br />
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“有何高见?”<br />
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“素质,好比基本作用,像女排,形成了她们的基本作风,就有战斗カ。”<br />
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“就把ー个企业比作球队吧,假如你是教练,别人随便塞人给你,你怎么办?”<br />
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“我不要。”<br />
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“不要不行!”<br />
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“那我不干。”<br />
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“对了,就得这样。”<br />
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一老ー少,越谈越投机,彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处ー闪而过的那点 疑虑也完全打消了。<br />
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“我们这里可要冒点风险。”<br />
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“正因为这样オ要去,建设好了还去干什么?”<br />
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“你个人有什么要求?”<br />
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“只要求家属ー起去。”<br />
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“这个我们来办。”<br />
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两个月后,余昌民父亲去世,回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化,系里要留他。 企业管理系刚刚建立,工作需要,理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚 飞往蛇口,收不回来了。<br />
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1983年3月,袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客,系里派余昌民随行。系 领导的目的,是让校长对余昌民有个印象,说服他留下来,同时出面解决他家属的 户ロ问题。<br />
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谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口,袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有,余昌 民暗示要做刘达的工作。<br />
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余昌民再一次请求:“校长,让我来蛇口吧。”<br />
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“系里要我帮忙留你,我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。<br />
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袁庚一再要求支持:“刘达同志,把小余给我们吧,我们迫切需要企业管理的专 门人才。”<br />
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刘达心动了。这位参加过“ー二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
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回去后,余昌民给系里写了报告,对系里的教育培养表示感谢,说明清华企业 管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设,这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都 至关重要。<br />
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问题迎刃而解。7月,夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。<br />
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当余昌民到エ业区大楼报到的时候,在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉 着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口,边走边说:“你是研究企业管理的,你先熟悉ー 下情况,有把握了再谈工作……”<br />
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袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信,其中有一段话:<br />
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关于小余的事,同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失ー小余,无妨 大局,蛇口得之,如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下,エ业区将受其惠。<br />
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重感情的刘达,把这封信送给了余昌民,让他留作永久的纪念。<br />
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六、星期天的早晨<br />
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星期天早晨8点钟,顾立基刚起床,洗了脸,正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同 学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的,大家都熬了夜,现在让他们多睡一会儿 吧。顾立基轻手轻脚,唯恐弄出一点声音来。<br />
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“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗?”<br />
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门外传来ー个声音。顾立基一看,走廊上站着ー个六十多岁的老人和一个 姑娘。<br />
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“我就是顾立基,您是?”<br />
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“我是袁庚,蛇口的袁庚〇”老人首先伸出手来,“这是我女儿尼亚,她不放心我 的身体,一定要陪我来,其实我的身体还可以。你看,骑了半小时车子,轻松愉快。”<br />
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顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 他深受感动。<br />
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“我们到楼下谈吧,同学们还在睡觉。”<br />
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楼下有一张靠背长椅,三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨,不冷不热,阳光和煦, 轻风拂面,校园一片宁静的气氛。<br />
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“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会?”<br />
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“是的,现在会员有一千多人了,成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。”<br />
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“还听说你想当厂长?”<br />
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“您的信息很灵通啊,”顾立基笑了, “我是说过想当厂长,为此还惹过ー些麻 烦呢。”<br />
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“什么麻烦?”<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。”<br />
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“岂有此理!想当个厂长是什么野心!’不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’,这 是拿破仑说的还是谁说的? 一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对!”<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的,但是我感到中国更需要管理人才,所以主动旁听了企业管理 系研究生的全部课程。”<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧,我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班,要培养大量的管理人才。”<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像,我的心就动了,只是还没下定决心。”<br />
<br />
“现在呢?”<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了,去蛇口。”<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗?”<br />
<br />
有什么困难? 1982年的初夏,社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的,有人在 报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界,影射特区有变成租界的危险,造成一股无形的压 力,因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些,可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的 人在ー起,冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去,下属工厂任他挑选,这 些,对他有一定的吸引力。他自从!967年中学毕业,1968年进上海印染机械修配 厂,十年中当过锅炉エ、车エ、錠エ、钳エ、电エ,当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不 惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为,1974年顾立基和他们争吵过ー 次,挨了批斗,却受到工人们的同情,和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要 毕业了 ,朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查,他是材料组的负责 人,如果不来上大学,早就走上领导岗位了,现在回去,工作安排是不成问题的。但 是,陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大,他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的 是,母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房,姐妹们都在外地,母亲 希望他留在身边,爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口,使他动了感情,他滔 滔不绝地发起议论来。<br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办ー个工业区 呢?为了在那块地方搞改革,搞全面的改革,从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度,都 要改,不改就没有出路。过去三十年,极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。 1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候,海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体,都是青年,他们为什 么要跑?因为我们穷!<br />
<br />
“’四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’,越搞跑的人越多。ー些村子的青壮年几乎跑 光了,真叫人欲哭无泪!蛇口对面就是香港的元朗,相隔只有6000米,晴天能看到 它的高楼,它就是在我们’十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了, 必须把经济搞上去,这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公 里,对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛,我们改革成功了,对全国就有很大 的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛,无伤大局。当然,我们一定要尽最大的 努力,争取成功,避免失败。我们这ー代人是老了,当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时 候,时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……”<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动,身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚,望 着自己的父亲,眼睛也有点热了……<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来,当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书,1984年4月被聘为 办公室主任。<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚,因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口,听说顾立基6日 ー早要去香港,5日晚我去登门拜访。<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告,我为 了听这个报告,推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的,谁都可以听,欢迎你去。”ー见面 顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗?”<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难,他在蛇口不会待太久,一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告, 你最好陪他回宿舍ーー他儿子的住处,或者宾馆,这样边走边谈,可以谈十来分 钟……”<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗?<br />
<br />
不管怎样,先听听他的报告再说吧。<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半,袁庚的报告准时开始。<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影,大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。 今天这个会也叫新闻发布会,街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂,基本上坐满 了,放眼望过去,都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。<br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上, 顾立基主持大会。<br />
<br />
ー开始,袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕,只讲个把钟头。”<br />
<br />
人们笑了,其实怕的是他讲得太短。<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问,历时23天,访问了 4个国家、16个公司、18个城市,从新加坡 开始,往西到英国,再到美国、日本,整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处,受到隆重的、 破格的接待,我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们 四个人,而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化,在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到 做蛇口人的光荣。”<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张,出国访问要花自己的钱,花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、 软弱的地位。这次出访,他们带了 20万美金的信用卡,足够用了,所到之处都坚持 这个原则,唯独在新加坡失灵了。那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系,但新加 坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检,从飞机场ー直送到最高级的香格里拉大 酒店,袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前,这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫 人;在他之后,住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨）,每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观 什么项目,全部满足要求。临走结账时,酒店经理说:“在你们到来之前,已经有人 付了全部费用。”<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁,英国老板们在海员罢エ浪潮的 冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们,给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深 刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说:“我们原打算3年之内种植 20万株月季,把蛇口建成玫瑰之城,现在看来太落后了……”<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国,主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡,大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔,华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民,交给他一把金钥匙。女 市长在宴会上说:“我是百分之百的中国人,也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说:“我 很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判,就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过, “在经济问题上,兄弟无情,六亲不认!何况是与外国人谈判「’<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前,有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过 的曲折。<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日,袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件,大家听了很高兴,但我们不要高兴得过早。不 要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了,但官僚主义、 红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事,还是有的。例如我们正在谈判 的浮法玻璃厂,到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃,为什么不准我们用 最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ?最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局 交涉。她们去的时候,人家一口答应,讲你们回去好了,但等我们企业室派人带合 同去盖章的时候,又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干,他们讲:‘你们派了记 者、作家来,我敢不答应吗?弄得不好,你们要写报告文学,写内参,我受得了 吗,？……”<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨,交涉了九个月,オ过了国内这ー关。<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判,当然不可能用这么长的时间,但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想 而知的。<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂,简直是一座玻璃城!它生产各式各样 的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃,用25磅大锤从20米外打去,地皮都震动了,玻璃却安 然无恙。我们和美国合资,投资ー亿美元,引进一座同样的エ厂,买他的专利,以后 我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点,集中在每年所付专利费 占销售总额的百分比上。<br />
<br />
美方要6%,我们还价4% 〇<br />
<br />
美方降到5%,我们加到4.5%。<br />
<br />
寸利必争,形成僵局。<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。<br />
<br />
“先生们,我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针,2000年前发明了火药,全人类 <br />
都在享受这些伟大的成果,可是他们从来没有要过什么专利,我们作为后代从来没 有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋,而是觉得光荣。请问各位,那时候你们的祖先在哪 里?恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前,是不是毛特别多……”<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前,一个个咧嘴笑了。<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕,我的意思不是不付专利费,而是要求公平合理r’<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格,坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们,说不 定会抗议呢!“你骂我们的祖先,是可忍,孰不可忍ド’<br />
<br />
终于达成协议:4.75%,为期!0年。<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进ー个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂,专利 费是5% ,时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处,绝不能走 美国的路!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退,エ业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走,他们还 有点生气,现在停滞不前了。<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方,转移到太平洋 沿岸。<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了,现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈,今天 下午四点半ー踏上蛇口码头,就感到无比的清新,感到ー草一木都非常亲切。<br />
<br />
“10月1日,蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话,那是大家的 功劳！<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的,思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上,我们ー定要 赶上和超过他们!”<br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时,宣布散会了,大家意犹未尽。<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了,我放弃了跟上去的打算。<br />
<br />
ハ、“搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
8月7日,袁庚开了一整天会,据说8日也不会有空,而9日ー早又要回香港 了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上,我给他写了一封信,说明这一次 如果不能和他交谈,我将等待,直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨,我把这封信 交给了エ业区党委副书记乔胜利,请他转交。<br />
<br />
8日上午,我到办公大楼访问王潮梁,两人刚坐下来,办公室副主任黄振超匆<br />
<br />
匆忙忙地叫我:“袁董回来了,快去见他!”<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉,说明另改时间,急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的,中间隔着大块的透明玻璃,老远就看 见了袁庚,他手里正拿着一大摞文件。<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候,黄振超在旁边向他说明:“只是见见面,不会占你很多 时间。”<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说:<br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的?来搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了,而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。我 知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。梁宪说过,前几年在北京开会,有一天袁庚 看了张洁的小说《爱,是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章,问他:“你认识这个作家 吗?咱们把她请到蛇口去!”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所 了解的,“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。<br />
<br />
我也笑着说:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋,要写你和蛇口。”<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下,舒服地往藤椅上一靠,摆出了准备 谈ー阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好,这里问题多得 很,改革每前进ー步都要经过斗争,到处充满着矛盾。”<br />
<br />
我说:“正是这一点吸引了我。”<br />
<br />
“ー个国家没有民主是不行的,而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。 我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国,政治家演说,群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿 扔他,他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的,但这ー套对巩固资产阶级的统 治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底,孙中山是 想搞民主的,他死得太早,没搞成。中华民族是伟大的,但是历史的包袱太重了。”<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿,她在美国学企业管理,谈起来也说:在 美国深有感慨,感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重〇<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族,就没有什么框框,我在报告会上也说了,他们的总督牌香烟广 告有一句口号是’想做就去做’,这句话香港也接受不了,译成’应做就去做’〇当 然,想干什么就干什么是不行的,但我们许多应干的事却干不成。”<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历,他扼要地做了回答,着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命” 中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时,这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来,<br />
<br />
微笑着站在那里不动,我知道是催他去开会,我们的谈话该结束了。<br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志,我们马上又赶到 太子宾馆,和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢,对监狱内外情形 都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说:<br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨,出来就蔦儿了,可是他不,他的劲头反而更大了。”<br />
<br />
我心里说:这オ是袁庚!<br />
<br />
过了几天,乔胜利对陈宜浩说:“袁董看了我的信,答应下次回来再和我谈。” 可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。<br />
<br />
8月25日上午,我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息,急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联 系。但是太迟了,他过了中午又要回香港,而上午的时间已经排满,就在和我通话 的时候,他不得不放下电话去开门。他说:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧,不要紧的,我们没有秘密。”<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访,ー时想不齐全,只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字, 他ーー做了回答:“这些也要发表吗?”我说:“不一定发表。”他说:“发表也没关系, 那天我讲话外国人也听了。”<br />
<br />
我说:“将来排出校样,送给你看看好吗?免得事实有出入。”<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查,出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的,难免出点差 错。捅点娄子也不要紧。”<br />
<br />
“好了,谢谢您。”<br />
<br />
“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。<br />
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一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观,来到铝材厂门口时,他向学 员们介绍:这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人,23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起 来,大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停エ,ー个工人从高处摔下来受了伤,他的哥哥跑 过去看了看,见弟弟没有生命危险,便又回去干活了。<br />
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袁庚说:“日本不富没有天理!中国改革不富也没有天理!”<br />
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现在我想说:蛇口的改革不成功没有天理!<br />
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九、大鹏魂<br />
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66岁的袁庚,魁梧、潇洒,兼有外交家和实业家的风度,具有一种吸引人的魅 カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢?<br />
拨开历史的迷雾,我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。<br />
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他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园,算 是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。<br />
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1935年,他毕业于广州广雅中学,随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测 量员,他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校,陈济棠下台后,这家军校成了国民党中央军 校的分校。在学校里,袁庚是活跃的足球门将,练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕 业,他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官,ー个个腐化不堪,对民族危亡无动于衷,便愤 然回到故乡大鹏镇,担任第一小学校长,同时兼任地方自卫队教官。<br />
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学校是国民党办的,自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的,但是学校和自卫队中都有 中共地下党员。<br />
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戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚,在当地是ー个重要人物,三种政治力量对他都很 重视。<br />
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中共地下县委书记王文,和他住到ー起,亲自考察他。<br />
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革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
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1939年3月27日,袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党,从这ー 天起,他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。<br />
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当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党 的漫画,刺痛了国民党区党部,他的处境变得危险了,党组织于!939年冬天把他转 移到党领导的抗日游击队,从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子, 像大鹏ー样展翅高飞了。<br />
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抗日战争期间,美军作为盟军,在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组,担任东纵联 络处处长的袁庚,和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示,东纵和美 军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报,对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。<br />
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日寇投降时,英军远在缅甸,ー个海军少将只率领ー营人乘航空母舰赶到香 港。他的兵力不足以维持治安,要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央,中 央复电:为了对付国民党的内战阴谋,坚决撤离港九地区;同时要求在香港设立联 络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判,袁庚不辱使命,漂亮地完成了任务,并成为驻 香港办事处的第一任主任,这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能 想到,历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折,二十多年后,这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。<br />
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十、秦城监狱<br />
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1968年4月6日,袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家,到机关去上班。北京的4月 初,春寒料峭,风沙迷眼,加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报,形成一片肃杀气氛,使袁 庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作,刚告一段落,还来不及喘口气, 就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息,他于愤 懑中保持着镇定。<br />
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回到办公室不久,有人通知:“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门,看到 除部长之外,还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长,面孔板得像 ー座木雕。<br />
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“袁庚,你被捕了!”<br />
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下午,机关召开大会,部长在会上宣布:“袁庚是美国特务,已经依法逮捕。”袁 庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和 刘丹ー,互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周 总理安全的情景,记忆犹新,那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间,周旋于华侨社会 之中,眼睛熬红了,人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场,天理何在?!<br />
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与此同时,汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中,勒令交出所有的钥匙,开始抄家。 翻箱倒柜,从下午抄到天黑,然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时,オ发现三个 孩子被关在门外不准进家,左邻右舍也不敢收留,孩子们在抹眼泪……<br />
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从此以后,袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里,也不知是死是 活,到哪里打听都说不知道。!969年,汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校,孩 子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”,但作为“反革命家属”， 她只能干最脏最累的活,如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎,痛得胳膊抬 不起来,医生建议回北京治疗,干校就是不准。直到!972年初夏,她的大孩子中印 就要下乡插队了,她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服,打点行装,オ被批准。<br />
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1972年7月,袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后,有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去 探监。“他还活着,他还活着!”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。<br />
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汪宗谦心酸地发现,袁庚行走困难,说话声音也变了,而且他不知道当时是何 年何月！<br />
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原来监狱里日夜亮着灯,犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替,失去了时间的概念;<br />
睡觉时只准脸朝外,一条腿总是压在下边,时间长了造成萎缩;长期不讲话,声带都 沙哑了。<br />
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我曾经听说,袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西,只有放风时在天井里看到 墙根的小草。问他是不是这样,他说:<br />
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“不,还有蚂蚁,我对蚂蚁很有研究。”<br />
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这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量!<br />
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汪宗谦见过了袁庚,就为救他而奔走了。<br />
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“没见他不知道他死活,既然知道他还活着,我就怕他死了!问题还没搞清,死 了孩子们都得背黑锅呀!他住在楼上,要到楼下的天井放风,上下都很辛苦,我到 中央接待站去上访,请求把他搬到楼下来,这个要求被接受了。”<br />
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袁庚搬到楼下的ー间房,发现席子底下有一团花白的头发,他判断这里关过ー 个五十多岁的女同志。后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事,王光美 说:“没错,正是我住过的那间房。”<br />
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袁庚出狱,已是1973年9月30日,整整关了 5年半。<br />
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在狱中,睡觉时只要一转身,看守就在外边敲门。夜晚,敲门声常常把人惊醒。 袁庚回到家里,刚一入睡就惊醒了,这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年,这种心悸 病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能,却用了更长的时间。每天,汪宗谦搀 着袁庚,ー步,ー步,慢慢地走,越走越远,越走越快,走了一年之久,两条腿オ恢复 了平衡。<br />
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更可悲的是,有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子,出来不会走直路了,一走就 转圈,连马路也不能过。人啊,人！人的尊严到哪里去了！<br />
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经过一年多的休养治疗,1975年,袁庚被分配到交通部,当了外事局副局长。<br />
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ー恢复工作,袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体ー样活跃起来。<br />
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恢复工作之前,袁庚骑自行车上街,总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道,“不能开 慢点吗” !恢复工作之后,自己也坐上了小汽车,有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了, “不能靠边骑吗” !他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化,在心里警告自己道: “可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀!”<br />
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多年来,这成了他的一个信条。<br />
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十ー、香港第一课<br />
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1978年,做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚,以花甲之年改行搞经济,被派<br />
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到香港招商局担任副董事长。<br />
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招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日,招商局 香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱,从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。 历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长,所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。 从李鸿章算起,袁庚是第29任了。<br />
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香港招商局在极'左‘思想影响之下,经营单一,困守一隅,搞了几十年没有什 么发展。袁庚到任,根据中央定下的“以航运为中心,立足港澳,背靠内地,面向海 外,多种经营,工商结合,买卖结合”的方针,以铁腕大力整顿。<br />
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袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说:<br />
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“我到香港的第一课,就是买了一座大楼,非常便宜,只花了 6180万（港币）。 第一次交订金时,支票2000万。那天是星期五,当时讲好下午2点钟,在ー个律师 楼里,大家一手交钱,一手交货。我们开了 2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的 对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里,发动机都没有停。ー上去之后,大 家一手交货,一手交钱,签字。签完字,对方拿着支票,两个人夹住,下去了。剩下 ー个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度,马上存到银行里去了。 因为明天是礼拜六了,人家银行关门,礼拜天也关门,假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前 不到银行去交那个支票的话,他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支 票交给他。我们的财务去了,他回来向我们报告,他说当时那个场面是很动人的。 当然,我们闭着眼睛也能想到,资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重 视,当时浮动利息是!4厘,三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志,那就 无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去,回家。他没有这个观念!这就是香港第一课。 我也不怕自惭形秽,ー窍不通,我接触经济工作,仅仅是5年多前开始的。但ー开 始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多!招商局的子公司多的是,ー检查,发现支 票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了 ,换了一个华东 财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后,我就给他讲这个道理,ー个礼拜之内他就能够接 受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事,立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后,财源 滚滚而来。……这个’时间就是金钱’,不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我,其实 这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’,它说得比我还 厉害,时间重于金钱!”<br />
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招商局走上轨道,袁庚就考虑进ー步的发展了。1979年初,他和有关同志带 着在蛇口开发エ业区的蓝图,到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志 很感兴趣,当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给エ业区,袁庚还没有这个胆量,只要了<br />
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2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候,袁庚心里默默 地说:<br />
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“先念同志,签吧,您这ー笔下去,将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀!”<br />
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十二、淸新<br />
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1984年8月,蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅,迎面是ー架屏 风,正中间挂着一幅草书,苍劲流畅的书法,引人注目,细看那内容,更是气度非凡。 这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本,把它抄了下来。<br />
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登微波楼<br />
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微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
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时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
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宝安袁庚<br />
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我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
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我有同感。<br />
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蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
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六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
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晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
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啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
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十三、心血<br />
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清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
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ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
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1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
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这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
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施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
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午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
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下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
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厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
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的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
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我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
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我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
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龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
<br />
“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
<br />
“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
<br />
“你有什么打算?”<br />
<br />
“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
<br />
“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
<br />
“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
<br />
在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
<br />
十五、激动的工程师<br />
<br />
7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
<br />
蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
<br />
边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
<br />
“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
<br />
的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
<br />
“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
<br />
46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
<br />
他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
<br />
王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
<br />
袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
<br />
管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
<br />
当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
<br />
“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
<br />
“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
<br />
“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
<br />
“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
<br />
“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
<br />
“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
<br />
“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
<br />
“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
<br />
“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
<br />
了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
<br />
父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
<br />
“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
<br />
当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
<br />
“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
<br />
“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
<br />
“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
<br />
“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
<br />
第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
<br />
12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
<br />
1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
<br />
王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
<br />
“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
<br />
“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
<br />
“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
<br />
“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
<br />
“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
<br />
“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
<br />
“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
<br />
王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
<br />
十六、年轻的总经理<br />
<br />
一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
<br />
说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
<br />
“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
<br />
只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
<br />
她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
<br />
“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
<br />
“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
<br />
“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
<br />
“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=154939Report CN EN 032023-03-22T12:03:23Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：5.痴情 */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情==<br />
<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with long hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old, civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies are always covered; whereas in the West, people love nudity, which seems to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个一丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there is a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush, painted a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting is not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, have you ever thought that some of us will cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us will stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, will come like snowflakes. You may even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Are you fearless, or seized by a whim? You're out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he is painting.<br />
<br />
他站在ー间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着ー支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着ー张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stands in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looks disheveled, and his bosom is stained with different colors. His hair is long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there is a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exaxtly do you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound train<br />
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风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
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Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it is today. The platforms were clean, the corriders were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
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姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the southern regions of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North...<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
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The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
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从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
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From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
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一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
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An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
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对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
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For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
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“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像ー块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
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"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and a black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
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这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
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The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with the excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man -- that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
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A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
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姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
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The girl nodded: "Yes..."<br />
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“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
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"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me..."<br />
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姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
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The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows -- the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
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Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
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姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
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小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
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The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
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“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
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"A business trip? Or visiting family?"<br />
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姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
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The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student in Suzhou Medical College."<br />
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小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
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The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
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姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
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The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
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“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
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姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
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A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone..."<br />
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小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
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The young man asked with concern: "What..."<br />
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“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
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"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break..."<br />
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“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
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"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
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姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
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The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
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“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
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"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
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“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
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“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
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“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
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“不。早毕业了。”<br />
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"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
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“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
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"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
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“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
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"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man."<br />
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画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
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The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. Resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
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“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
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"So I don't understand art..."<br />
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“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
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"I guess you must like art."<br />
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“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
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"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
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奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多 少欢聚与悲离的故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉ー线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小 桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小 伙子,而是ー个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么 给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
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出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的 傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐 调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样 那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为ー个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身 汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是ー个有抱负、有オ华的人!”<br />
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画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
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姑娘点了点头。<br />
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画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简 直像ー个拙笨的新手。好半天,オ抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来ー看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要 逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这 副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真 的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已 不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会” 了画家的灵犀。<br />
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画纸的一角是签名和年月ーー袁运生,画于!964年2月。<br />
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画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
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姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
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“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信<br />
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地址?”<br />
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姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
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火车抵达浦口,他们已经像ー对熟识的老朋友了。从ー个艺术型的医学院学 生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他 们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
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画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依 依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空ー样清 澈,像江水ー样深沉……<br />
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呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江 交织起来的ー见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
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在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,ー只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认 真地涂抹着油彩,画出ー个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己 的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
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这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家 闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐ー样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
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看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰 恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父 亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年 除タ送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出ー批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小 型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。 稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的 艺术功底。<br />
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当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来ー副舉脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
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哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,ー个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人需要有 个性。”<br />
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1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
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如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画 派。这是!9世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画 就像一部小说或ー出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派 运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝 圣者像请佛ー样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画 派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
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他像奔跑在艺术山野里的小鹿,ー头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
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袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考 试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件和艺术才能 的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖 カ气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严 格的训练——<br />
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挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们 是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与 被画者保持绝对的耐性。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面”,画上一整天,只画了半个头 像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履 的中年人走过来,这是礼聘来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出 满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供 同学们观摩。<br />
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这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉 柯夫教学体系。袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀一苏联 在中国土地上开办的艺术エ厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
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苏联专家的宠儿,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手 不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺 术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生 来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
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但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容 易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
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苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便 朝那里走去。他停在ー帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来ー阵电灼 般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
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这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜 映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的 感情,像酒ー样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
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看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛 苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生一向日葵,仿佛摇 身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探 求……这哪里是绘画呀,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每ー线条和每一色块 都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
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袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被ー支锐利的艺术之 箭射穿了。<br />
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他回到宿舍,ー头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高オ生转瞬间变成 西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
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宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地 问:“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
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“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作 品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
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他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在 一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的 基础。有这个就够了。下ー步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚。<br />
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他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过 程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧 上了天,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际 上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在 干着什么蠢事呀?……<br />
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袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
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好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,ー个几亿人的 社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎。<br />
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从那以后,他变得不大安分了, ー头温驯的伏尔加式的小鹿,现出烈性马驹的 本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标〇<br />
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目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
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从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里 之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭ー张学生 证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶 子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹……<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
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长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象カ!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人, 栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱 翔 <br />
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他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。 他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条 表现出高超的魅力。<br />
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站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他 的思绪如抛出的ー缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作 两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近 求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从 东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
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祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
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虎丘<br />
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兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩 柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
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姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
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她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中 回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认 识ー下,如果手头有照片,请寄来ー张。<br />
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兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选ー张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。 这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息 ー样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
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兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以 后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些 年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有 点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
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此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人 占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想 象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的 眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不 容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,ー见钟 情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜 蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
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学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在 肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
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“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄 起话筒,ー惊一喜一那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
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兰英极カ掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,ー阵风似的跑到 学校的门口。<br />
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画家站在那里,手中照例拿着ー个速写本。<br />
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“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
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“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
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“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
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“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……”<br />
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兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春 岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意 味着向人生的ー个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
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“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
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“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
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当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
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和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深” 〇沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池 澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈 静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
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这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在ー起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她 觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
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“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
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“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
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可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术 他对这ー带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而 倾倒。<br />
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前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画 家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到 对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去,仿佛在祝福这ー对美 好的情侣。突然,ー股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
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这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林 的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰ー样醉红,双唇像微微绽 开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰 尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己 ー样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后 ー瞬 <br />
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“兰英,我要告诉你ー件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是’右 派’厂’<br />
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霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
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孤岛上<br />
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到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。!957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
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他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的 实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。 这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了 幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
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小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾 的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派 脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体,心情是焦渴的。当 蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家 生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
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小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左 右,オ有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
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“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好 啦……”<br />
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他看完报纸ー扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生 活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块 和线条的运用。<br />
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年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队 的宣传干事带到ー间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
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“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
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“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
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“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
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“为什么?”<br />
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“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查。你们学校填写了 两份材料,你的情况单纯。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
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袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是ー种荣幸,既然生活当中存在 这样ー些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过 了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加 以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
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“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放 炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
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不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情 调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活 见鬼!中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
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不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
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北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷,使 海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书 记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头,有碍“百花齐放”〇袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
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袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中 国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? ー连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
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有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像ー个漏了税的走私犯接受 审讯。<br />
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摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名一“反苏” 〇<br />
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究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然 他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
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他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他ー挥手:“请你到外 面等一会儿。”<br />
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他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听 见屋里在争论。<br />
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有人说:“够了……<br />
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有人说:“还不够…<br />
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有人说:“态度还好<br />
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他的好友在替他争辩,另ー些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉 默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
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“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
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政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色一红与黑。点朱 泼墨,二者居其ー,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不 同,观点对立,照样用黑笔ー勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
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晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
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哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
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“我是’右派’了。”<br />
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“呵?”哥哥大吃ー惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
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“我没犯错误。”<br />
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“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
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“他们说我是,就是啰。”<br />
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“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
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“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
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哥哥望着他那单纯的面孔,望着他嘴上柔软的茸毛,心缩紧了,欲哭无泪。他 只有18岁呀!被践踏而感觉痛苦的人是不幸的;被践踏尚且不懂得痛苦的人又是 多么可悲哪!他太年轻了,还没来得及向生活伸出触角,一旦他那稚嫩的敏感的神 经末梢感觉到痛楚,他能活下去吗?<br />
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他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山 造湖,兴修水库,ー颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场 面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地 指挥部,请求一边干活ー边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人 来访。<br />
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又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他ー个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌 午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃 地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝 惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
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可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受 改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。 只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成 呵斥的嗓门,ー张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了一仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
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他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
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过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后 来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
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小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活,学校当局不再 放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他オ感到了痛 苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷 中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出 ー串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
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屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床 前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
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他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是ー种负担。我 需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
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新月<br />
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タ阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透 明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对 青年男女。<br />
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这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们ー页ー页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初 恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像ー阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只 残忍的巨手ー挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严 峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择。<br />
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在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的ー 群,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以 “杀气腾腾煽风点火”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下 没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对 他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁 愿与鬼贼联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
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在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每ー个姑娘 都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵ーー询 问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,エ资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和 间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称ー称。爱情的内容转变了,转变 为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义。<br />
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兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血 管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽 得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富 贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色 的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
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兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气。因此,她 还不懂得利害。<br />
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政治运动对姑娘来说,像ー场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来 得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些 了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些 “右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她 还时常听到这样的告诫:有オ华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现 实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不 断得到强化。<br />
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抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的 嘲讽。<br />
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眼前的画家又是ー个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离 经叛道的歧路,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为 政治问题?为什么要让ー个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛 献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家 不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇 气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的オ华……什么是オ华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它 是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘 喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下ー颗蓝色 的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提 起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
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画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子,也是有限的宽恕,一 切还同过去ー样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
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“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
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“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
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“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
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这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到 足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激 动的光辉:“世上有オ华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏 看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
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难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把オ华糟蹋得像ー块抹布的年月里,这句话,他 不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子 无オ便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,オ华再也不是令知识分 子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火 焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
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兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市 的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费カ气地 获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝 沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究 竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯 灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被 搞得阴阳颠倒！ ー时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到ー颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙ー样晶莹闪烁。<br />
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兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
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画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
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“喜欢。”<br />
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“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
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“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
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画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝里滚动。<br />
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ー弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一 尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
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画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做 人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进 行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的 苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
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双桥<br />
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当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具 的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢一充当囚犯, 颠沛流离,饱尝辛酸……<br />
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翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
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我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石礙,弓 着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下ー闪ー闪。<br />
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这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但 是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是 最年轻的ー个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石礙,ー拉就是一天。<br />
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二十几个人住在ー间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里 两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。 几年前,在他们头顶上发生的那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄 默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成 为ー门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向 两极。<br />
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袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头ー个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,ー头畜力转眼 间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻 找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
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他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能 像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就 运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着 他。试问,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射 的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙 的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变 形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那 样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展 示了情景交融的空间ーー略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
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他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵 他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多 张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着 既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
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住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举 止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的 学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
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“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画 吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去「’<br />
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这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府 里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
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一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义 的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着 人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
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散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特 儿是清痺的、憔悴的,ー副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出ー个美的灵 魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
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“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
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这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
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ー个被撤职的党委书记,ー个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下 扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
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雨纷纷<br />
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画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业 分配。<br />
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东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻 掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南 鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降 临头上。<br />
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兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有 篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
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当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋 友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
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姑娘一五ー十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住。<br />
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兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象カ,把故事编得像田园牧 歌ー样美妙 <br />
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“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
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“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
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“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子〇”<br />
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“那个人干什么的?”<br />
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“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
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“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英 将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
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但是,在学校的ー间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒 的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主 义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去 的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
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兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了<br />
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“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样ー个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣 个黑锅背ー辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
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“我乐意……”<br />
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“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍 白,四肢麻木,像是ー个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的 姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴 的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
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更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她, 好像她做了什么亏心事。ー颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使 她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
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她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨一爸爸生前的战友。<br />
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阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
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兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方 设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空ー样阴郁。<br />
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“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说;我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
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她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
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西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨 非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
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兰英的眉心舒展了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
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“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢,”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍ー个男<br />
朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证 会喜欢他……”<br />
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兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
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阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养 感情嘛……”<br />
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姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进ー团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲 径好像布满陷阱。ー种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。 给你!”<br />
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兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节 奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
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回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰 英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
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“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
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“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好 好谈谈吧……”<br />
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晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
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“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们 党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
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姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
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“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分 子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们ー些好处。打个比喻吧,好 比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那 些人再好,也不能使用。你多想ー想吧……”<br />
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姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头ー次听说,在政策的背后 还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
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这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所 醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。ー个势单力孤的女 子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他 吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰 尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情 愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为ー个农 家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来 时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像 断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
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第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看ー 看就会明白的。”<br />
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这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到ー篇文 章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么 呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的ー小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的 题目 <br />
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水乡记忆<br />
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“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
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“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
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“我先尝尝一哈,又香又脆!”<br />
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“放开肚皮吧,反正不花钱……”<br />
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袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼 声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
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这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回 到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择ー处乡土气息 浓厚的地区深入生活,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓 库隔壁的ー间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏 杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传ロ号消失了,生理本能 在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满 几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是ー出率先占有填充 材料的喜剧。<br />
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袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
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“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
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“别理他!”<br />
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这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预ー 下也无可厚非。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
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然而,夜间的梦寐并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理 解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的 心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
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回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,ー股不可遏制的创作冲动驱 使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去ー个晚上的 时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
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他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小 呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
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他把行李卷、画布和油彩,ー股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型 文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积 着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上ー摊,不 分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两 个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
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这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
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《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画 家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的 分数都不肯给。<br />
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水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
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画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有 玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
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看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。ー 个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开ー张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。ー个 淳朴的小女孩刚オ卖掉ー只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看 被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔 下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着ー桩桩美好的故事ーー人们 在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
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桥下是ー泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相 擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在 船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
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这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时 更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚 强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举 世无双的韧性一走向明天!<br />
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谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁 的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪 夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的 语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
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当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有 人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。 作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视 的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用 西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘 出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩,年画的敦厚朴实和壁 画的装饰趣味。<br />
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把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为ー炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿 了吧！<br />
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但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放 废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的 后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀 把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门 的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把 它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
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离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取 缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该 被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着ー堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不 画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指 责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的 路口只亮着ー盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
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中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我 可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出 作者的艺术才能。”<br />
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只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可 怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家 应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世一其中也 包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
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月台边<br />
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兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
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阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力 的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟 他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子,还会累及子女。<br />
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那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘 与画家结合的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的 人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来 的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
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这是ー场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
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阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效カ,递过ー支笔、ー张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
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兰英接过纸笔。<br />
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她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表 示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家 能够得到另ー个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后ー个字,信纸上满是斑斑 泪痕。<br />
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阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你 不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
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“本来就是被迫的「’兰英没好气地说。<br />
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阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
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兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷 吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语 言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将 把信撕得粉碎,ー赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净 <br />
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兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
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画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条 件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
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姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
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对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
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“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
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学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个 长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
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火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风 光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人 头攒动的月台上,她ー眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
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兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。 但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑 娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
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画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
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“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什 么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
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姑娘把旅行袋往前ー递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听 懂是什么意思。<br />
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“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑ー趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日 子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
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明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何 是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解一那些无尽无休的劝说、挑 唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
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兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有 同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同 财产,是一条印花双人床单。在ー间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪 式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫 近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
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人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
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兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽 容一除了东北三省之外,其他任何ー个城市都行。实心眼儿的姑娘把手指放在 地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山 海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
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她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀 和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一 度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条 件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着ー块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身 来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生 活无法自理。直到这时,她オ感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
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画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到ー份工作,又赶到唐山,好 不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户ロ的证件。至此,他们已经两地分 居六年了。<br />
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兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年 了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西ーー优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青 春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了 巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。 耿耿银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
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陋室铭<br />
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破木桌上摊开ー张纸片,ー只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了 圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱 子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
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这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还 是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
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小屋只有!4平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, ー排大连铺占去三分之ニ的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间 是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
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眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这 个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好 几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所 听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
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兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
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兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食 堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不 发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝 糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头ー样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那 些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
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家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物 价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买 不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱ー个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
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他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
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“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
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“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
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妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服ロ袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
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儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
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过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
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画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
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儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚オ他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤 肉颠得没影了……<br />
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“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
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儿子也笑了。ー场精神上的欢笑代替了假日的会餐。<br />
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在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门 面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现 代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处 境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得 很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到 家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
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在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似 的想点办法?”<br />
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“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
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“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合 过得去……”<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
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妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题ー搁,永远不再提起。<br />
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兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们 家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥ー顿饱ー顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的 换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环 境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣 服洗一洗吧。”<br />
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“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干ー场。<br />
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他把床单和衣服泡了满满ー盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他ー忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;ー忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
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他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板 凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
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兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过ー丝苦笑。<br />
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画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
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一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚 子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,ー共跳了多 少次?，，<br />
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画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
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兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪一整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。<br />
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干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
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天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入 睡;儿子ー沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手 抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另ー只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
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漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
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兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为 人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为ー个正直的画家的妻子的全部 甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕 耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还 被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦 楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
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她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙<br />
爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
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车轮下<br />
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袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱 地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
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兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为ー家人做早饭。<br />
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画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
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兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺ー躺。”画家匆匆吃过 早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
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在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过ー场大雪,北风ー刮,马路上结 着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
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画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜 劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命的时刻。<br />
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人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
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穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽 听ー阵隆隆的马达声。ー辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。 速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人 带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的 传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
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街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
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卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。 卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团 儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
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这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸ロー轧,就 算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃 脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
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按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同 情一预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦 的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。 即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头一抗争！<br />
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接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡 车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车 咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人 们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
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“千万不能倒下「’画家想,“ー倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
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卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反<br />
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应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
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画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
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抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天<br />
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ォ清醒过来。<br />
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兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾ー切地赶到医院。存车的时 候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙 怎么也拔不出来。<br />
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存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚オ进医院的时<br />
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候,自己还能走路。"<br />
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兰英这オ觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
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兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫 妻双双躺在床上。<br />
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孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和<br />
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女儿一人捧回ー包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
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儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
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女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
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兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早<br />
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地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心 灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿 <br />
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画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰<br />
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问。他们留下ー百块钱赔偿经济损失一画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
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客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
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兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看ー<br />
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眼也令人伤心。<br />
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画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
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“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
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画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知<br />
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道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民ーー我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去「’<br />
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这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是ー个贫病交困的人的 最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对ー些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那 样遥远,拼着性命オ能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼 痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘 寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
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数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情 目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
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袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的 印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
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袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花 甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,ー举ー动都受到街道居委 会的监视。<br />
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袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没 有什么值得高兴的一中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路 线走ー遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽 然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
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江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上 挂着一幅画框,嵌着ー张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那 张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到 使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
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袁运生打开画夹,把ー组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的 牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人 物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的 笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
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“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真 诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
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袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨 的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风 中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手ー丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
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画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于!974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白 描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
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江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他 说:“呵,黄河! ー泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声 音……"<br />
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春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了 !<br />
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担担画<br />
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“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
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美术界ー些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头 角,施展オ华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任 河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各 种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是ー个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。 这个磨砺精深的艺术家,就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
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乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
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在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现 了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,ー头不驯服的长发 如垂下万根烦恼丝。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁 了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
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他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
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兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
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兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议 事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就 是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
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1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机 会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
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他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了 妻子,全家人像过节ー样快乐<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
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“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
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女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
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“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
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他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
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兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
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丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注ー掷了 !”<br />
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是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举 动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一 个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使ー颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴ー样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
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晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,ー针针,ー线线,直缝到天 色薄明。<br />
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“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
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“三个月吧。”画家说,“你ー个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
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妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
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这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府一景洪。他被西双版纳惊 人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林 绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水 晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁 着珠光宝气。<br />
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有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天 堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾 洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
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他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地。招待所的服务人员很 有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进ー间中等客房。<br />
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画家开ロ就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
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服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
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“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
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“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
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“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
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他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下ー步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各<br />
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的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
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幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出 的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
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云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族 的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
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好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的 背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有!40多斤重。小伙子看了直 抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
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袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
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瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
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奏鸣曲<br />
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瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
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呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
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那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝ー样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
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就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
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西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰 富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住 兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在ー棵树 前,一画就是一整天。<br />
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“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
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“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古 老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
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袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。 每ー笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家 的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小 虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理 昧 <br />
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中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来オ深有感 受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
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画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在ー起的<br />
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他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情 而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
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每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。 晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛 着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗 条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
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“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银 铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她 们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露ー截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使 她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后ー盘,自然地溜向ー 边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
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少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来ー阵阵悠扬 的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在 纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
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诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就 在苦苦思索ー个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
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美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出 你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
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面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我 感受却不尽相同。ー百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,ー百种不同的表现方法。<br />
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艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。<br />
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从夏末到中秋,他在ー串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勧定的一个偏僻的 小村寨。<br />
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这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上 开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本 寨的荣耀。<br />
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同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无カ同病魔 斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是 “鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者ー商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那<br />
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些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
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“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的ー 瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精 粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的 请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起 画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
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小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的 经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂 痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在ー起进餐,然后由男方挑着担 子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱 护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像ー泓溪 水那样清澈。<br />
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一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清 脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的 手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
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这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在 古老的贝叶经里的传说一从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘 据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑 娘们生出ー计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头ー沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒 醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。 一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使 自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
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晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这 万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
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广为流传的神话传说,往往是ー个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到 的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑 海里汇集,逐渐熔化为ー团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳 美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地 多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西 双版纳。这是ー个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、 秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条一单纯与丰富高度和谐地统ー!<br />
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他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的 独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。 那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的ー组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
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昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘 绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
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公主啊!<br />
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你是ー颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
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但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
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把宝石镶在我的心上 <br />
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他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
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二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
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袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
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兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心 开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画 不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
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画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失 火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
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其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们 忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
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画家在长春的ー个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁 愕然了。<br />
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这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰 英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出ー个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗 震棚挪动着……<br />
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显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的 艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
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朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那<br />
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位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道<br />
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壁画之梦<br />
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不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白 皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的 空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀ー样扑朔不定。他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。他搞不 清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里……<br />
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昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的 画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。ー抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳 光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从 梦境回到了现实的世界。<br />
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这是!979年1月,在北京白家庄。<br />
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袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水 晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候 机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍 特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成 了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建 筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业 技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理 者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和エ艺 美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得 到了推荐,也在被邀请之列〇<br />
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随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热 度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使ー些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑 文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否 定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以 免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对 稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单ー些,拿他的 话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。”<br />
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袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节一生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻<br />
辑和客观条件应运而生的。<br />
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候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的ー块地 方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙 壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美 的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心 中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝 叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴 的哲理。他决定挨弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。”<br />
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主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思 毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在 以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知 命运如何?<br />
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袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是 工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动 的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境……<br />
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在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大 门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统ー。那座大门 却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门 搏斗,ー支接ー支地吸烟,ー张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可 以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和 生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。<br />
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“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。<br />
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“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……”<br />
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在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一 个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充 满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风 雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出ー股韧性。为了 重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟 此时的心情。<br />
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整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉 的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法ーー“拱桥的两头 很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么 美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》）<br />
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实现这个迷人的想法,真是ー项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多 彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活 和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每ー 个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意 味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去 表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了……<br />
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又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还 有灯光。<br />
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这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴 山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟 弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧……<br />
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对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他 还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在 毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀!<br />
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天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休 息几天,回长春去过年吧。”<br />
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袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用〇第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制〇”<br />
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“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多 了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。”<br />
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提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能 在家待几天?”<br />
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画家说:“春节ー过,还得讨论画稿。这ー稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了〇”<br />
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兰英叹了一 口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……”<br />
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画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。”<br />
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兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?”<br />
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画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。<br />
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这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻 璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下ー个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹……<br />
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从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
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忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴 云笼罩着 <br />
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牛皮纸<br />
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春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。<br />
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绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机 场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材 料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、 冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
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参加《泼水节一生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶 来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传 统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
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脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月 的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。<br />
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兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的ー次 妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她 的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。<br />
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在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用 的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气 设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻 待在ー起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就 翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是 深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮エ。<br />
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好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院 时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是 出乎意料的,几个月以前的ー小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是 <br />
外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到 癌一恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不 是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意 识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务 的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢?<br />
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她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了 候机大楼,站在脚手架旁……<br />
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大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进 来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着ー 场真正的建设一脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着 画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到 了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额 垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出 的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在……<br />
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兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。 从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,ー个艺术赤子的オ华、 智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔 端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳 茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动 作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚 鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。 艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华!<br />
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站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。<br />
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兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺 术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得 到了精神的补偿。<br />
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这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查 有结果了吗?”<br />
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兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说<br />
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妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。”<br />
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“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
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Chapter Two<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对ー对 画稿上的人物动作。”<br />
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“好吧。”妻子应允了。<br />
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兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分 子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时 间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身 的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容……<br />
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几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的 一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为ー个外科 医生,如果给自己开ー张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切 除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时 机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的ー桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手 术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的 亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カー搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的 希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏 在心底很久很久了。<br />
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一声长笛,列车开走了,载着ー颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾 霭中 <br />
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袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过 墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,ー株热带丛林特有的 鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地 面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像 是在为自己的青春而骄傲……<br />
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环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画 家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对 墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。<br />
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洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女 表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江 里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。 “我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的 崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的ー种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维 纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的 崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况 他画的是神话传说而不是习俗……<br />
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看来,画家打错了主意?<br />
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在ー些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富 有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生 产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿 穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了 别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并 没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和 犯罪搅成一池浑水。<br />
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盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象 征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。<br />
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这并不显眼的一角却引来ー批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看 热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
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这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不題了。如 要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花 任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想 到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的ー场争论。<br />
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六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受 尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界 上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的ー班轻薄少年、 无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之 照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人 提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军 阀败北。<br />
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历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的ー桩旧案犹未了结<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思 想解放!”<br />
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他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人 帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。<br />
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舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的 绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用 进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时 的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事……<br />
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不是结尾<br />
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10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在 大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动……<br />
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首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获 得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁 画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞 歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次 文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来 到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。<br />
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国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁 说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人ー进入中国就有一个强烈 的印象,这种艺术是ー个国家国力的象征。”<br />
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日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉 朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉 得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……”<br />
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这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的 日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖 的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆 动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰 ー样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔……<br />
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呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化?<br />
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不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着 ー个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作 是坚定正确的表现。他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不 再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强 化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。<br />
<br />
那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧?<br />
<br />
只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。 直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从 她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她 静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无 望,只等待手术的判决……<br />
<br />
ー个人站立起来了,另ー个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南 去的列车上ー见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也 不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、 贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术 经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下ー笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。<br />
<br />
画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼 眶里滚动。<br />
<br />
他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:ー种是诚实的艺术家;另 ー种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。<br />
<br />
他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限 度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少ー些吗?<br />
<br />
他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。<br />
<br />
后记:<br />
<br />
本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又辻了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世 事变迁未可尽述。<br />
<br />
——作者<br />
<br />
（原载《十月》1980年6月）<br />
<br />
==卷一：10.热血男儿==<br />
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热血男儿<br />
<br />
李士非<br />
<br />
满腔的热血已经沸腾。<br />
<br />
《国际歌》<br />
<br />
ー、能见到袁庚吗?<br />
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在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天,蛇口エ业区和它的领导人袁庚,名扬国内外,越 来越引人注目。<br />
<br />
但是,我接受写袁庚的任务,未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他,手头也没有 积累多少关于他的资料,而且听说采访他很困难:他是香港招商局常务副董事长 （人们因此亲切地称他为袁董）,大部分时间在香港,每到蛇口,都忙得不可开交, 实在抽不出时间接受采访。但是,过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观,听过介绍,看 过录像,袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣,接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口 来,这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。“能见到袁庚吗?”“即使见不到袁庚也要写!”所谓 “冒险”,无非是写不出或写不好,个人面子不好看罢了,比起袁庚和他的朋友们从 事改革所冒的风险,简直是微不足道的。<br />
<br />
仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气,到这里待ー些日子也是值得的。<br />
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“如果你只能待很短的时间,我劝你趁早打退堂鼓,不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆 辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意,开弓没有回头箭,退堂鼓是 不好打的。<br />
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二、夜访梁宪<br />
<br />
在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口,袁庚出国去了,说是7月底或8月初 才能回来。最了解他的ー个人,东江纵队时期就和他ー起工作,现任蛇口工业区顾 <br />
问的许智明,到澳大利亚探亲去了,归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同, “时间就是金钱,效率就是生命”,白天工作紧张,找人谈话很难,晚上访问也要事 先约定,因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰 上袁庚的儿子袁中印,《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意,他马 上说:“有什么好写的?这么多人写过了,要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受 了乃父的影响,不大欢迎采访。“慢慢来吧,我一定要找你的。”我心里说。<br />
<br />
多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙,约定了 一天晚上9点钟去访问エ业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人,穿过海 滨花园,沐着海风,经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边,漫步走向梁宪的住 处。早已听说,他!962年毕业于中山大学外语系,是梁宗岱教授的高足,对法国文 学很有研究。果然,ー见之下,我就感到他是ー个充满艺术气质的人。<br />
<br />
他掏出港币,买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客,然后和我们谈笑风生。<br />
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“你们是文人,我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人,她在中央戏剧学 院教书。我对她说:你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的,但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。 中国像你们这样的文人太多,像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一 句英语,“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙,黄虹坚ー时也 没反应过来,陈宜浩翻译说:“他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑 起来。<br />
<br />
梁宪大学毕业的时候,老百姓正在饿肚子,大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法 国文学的尖子,后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作,比袁庚晚半 年多一点。袁庚很器重他,有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。<br />
<br />
“我去香港的时候,老婆说:最怕你没骨气,没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是 有的,外派干部只要有一点热血,就不是追求几大件,而是感到抬不起头来!<br />
<br />
“刚到香港,每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐,ー串串的,海上漂着偷渡者的尸 体,我们不能忍受,啪一声把电视关了。<br />
<br />
“我们国内建设搞不好,连ー些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们, 心里真难受呀。所以,我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过:’我之所以这么干,是 为了实现我入党时的初衷。’”<br />
<br />
一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿,梁宪又概括地说:<br />
<br />
“我熟悉的人当中,有两个热血男儿,ー个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛,ー个就是 袁庚!”<br />
<br />
好一个“热血男儿” !这个词太恰当了,把这两个人相提并论太好了,我不禁<br />
<br />
怦然心动,觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。<br />
<br />
也真巧,比我年长20岁的刘任涛,是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第 一流的眼科专家,共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长,曾为刘伯承元帅安过义 眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》,改行当了电影编剧,“文化大革命”中在珠 影被诬为“历史反革命”,打断五根肋骨,投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动 期间,他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明,不顾自己的政治处境,不顾没 有任何医疗条件,决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他:“万一失败,你就 是阶级报复,就会重进监狱。”他不听,他终于成功了。“作为医生,我拯救了我的 灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀,立下遗嘱:死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢 复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
<br />
刘任涛和袁庚,经历和事业完全不同,但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身 精神,是多么相似呵!我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚,觉得对袁庚也开始熟 悉了。<br />
<br />
三、“冒险家”<br />
<br />
刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障,要冒风险。袁 庚在蛇口进行改革,要冒更大的风险:两年之前,不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影 地攻击经济特区嘛!<br />
<br />
但是,时代毕竟不同了,今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月 9日,胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区,袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆,和总书记有一 段精彩的对话。<br />
<br />
袁庚:关于改革问题,现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看,凡是搞改革 的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法,最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变 法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪,改良主义,结果六君子被 杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革,我想不会落得前人这样 的下场,我们是在党的领导下进行的,不会有问题吧,我们值得冒这个险!<br />
<br />
胡耀邦:过去的改革是下层少数人去改,领导者、统治者是压制的。现在 不同,我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改,现在和过去根本不同嘛!<br />
<br />
袁庚:我们感到,我们的干部是不大怕群众的,只怕顶头上司,怕上司不喜 欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说,我每次来蛇口,ー上码头,前呼后 拥的,下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒,就会忘乎所以,久而久之, 就不怕群众,不怕下级,因为群众、下级撤不了我的职,我只怕交通部,怕顶头 上司,只有他们才能撤我的职。<br />
<br />
所以,群众监督干部,群众有权选举和罢免干部,这至关重要。我们这里 想搞个改革试点,管委会由群众选举产生,每年投一次信任票,如果不信任票 超过半数,管委会就得改选,个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公 开的、直接的,由群众投票选举的领导班子,就会想群众之所想,急群众之所 急,就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手,就有人自动送礼 上门,如果头脑不清醒,不能自律,就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装 懂,诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部,我相信可以改变一下干部的结 构和干部的作风。我们想做这样ー个不太小的改革,准备冒一点风险。<br />
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胡耀邦:（点头）好!很好!<br />
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袁庚:总书记说了好,我们就记录在案,马上打报告这样做。<br />
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胡耀邦:（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿,在哪 ー出戏里我忘记了,讽刺官僚主义者,他不敢骂台上的官,只敢骂戏台上堂前 的鼓。有一段唱词说:“一棵大树腹中空,两头都是皮儿绷,每天上堂敲三下, R卜咚ゆ咚又ゆ咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛!（全场大笑）<br />
<br />
党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印,想到ー块去了,这在蛇口的发 展史上,是应当大书特书的。<br />
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1983年4月24日,选举产生了蛇口エ业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22 日,按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票?组干处处长虞 德海说:“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的,信任票不足半数就 得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决,一定要搞信任投票。” 投票结果,管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数,袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上,全 部投票公开,任人查阅,尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐,如“某某能力低”“某某 不堪信任”之类,也不加掩饰。<br />
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这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。<br />
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四、“那里不肯放,就辞职!”<br />
<br />
选举产生领导班子,定期举行信任投票,这是袁庚深思熟虑的ー项决定。他深<br />
深感到,不改革干部制度,不改变干部结构,任何改革都无从谈起,“四化”也只是 一句空话。<br />
<br />
有的领导干部,居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人:“你们大学建多大的桥?” 问来访的美国客人:“英国人讲英语,你们美国人讲什么语?”还有人向中央领导同 志汇报他到香港考察的收获:“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯!”如此等等,令人 啼笑皆非。这样的干部,怎能担当建设“四化”的重任!<br />
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蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地）,指挥部只有 二十多个干部的时候,袁庚就开始考虑如何培育ー支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命 化的干部队伍。1981年,他排除阻カ,毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班,从全国 各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说,“我是个冒险家,为了蛇口的改革,我从 全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。<br />
<br />
当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员,委托交通部下属的交通科 学院情报所代为主持,在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、 江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。<br />
<br />
王潮梁!938年出生于江苏无锡,1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计 专业。早在1958年,他就参考外国的资料,在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫 原理,并和同学们一道造出了样品,在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对 飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是,在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年 代,几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机エ厂飞机设 计室任产品主管设计员,那时生产要听驻厂军代表的,而军代表只相信苏联专家和 苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料,翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂, 即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂,也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚 子气,却毫无办法。岁月如流,王潮梁搞了 17年飞机设计,却看到我们的飞机エ业 比印度还落后;又研制了四年的飞翔船,却看不到一艘飞翔船下水,那种壮志难酬 的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会,唯一的名额给了业务上 根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培 训班招生的广告时,他兴奋极了,“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方,去!”立刻把广告 剪下来,郑重地贴在本子上。<br />
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他第一个走进考场,第一个走出考场。笔试、面试,成绩优良。主持考试的情 报所林鸿慈同志下了结论:这是个人才,录取！<br />
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但是,在中国有一个很大的矛盾:生产资料是全民所有制,干部却是单位私有 制。ー个单位可以把ー个或ー批人才冷藏ー辈子<br />
<br />
长江航运科研所不肯放人。<br />
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198I年11月,袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他,向他汇 报了招生的情况,特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。<br />
<br />
袁庚很激动。<br />
<br />
“小王是不是党员?”<br />
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“不是。”<br />
<br />
“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量,开个头,那里不肯放,就辞职!我这 里收。最多就是人家去告状,最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先 例。告到国务院,我们就把这个同志的情况报上去,中央领导会支持我们。新华社 社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开’干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人 在单位不充分发挥作用,又不让调,这个局面不打开是不成的!”<br />
<br />
林鸿慈被袁庚打动了,写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁,同时通过各种渠道 去做说服、疏通工作。终于,用不着王潮梁辞职,单位同意放人了。1982年,王潮 梁来到蛇口工业区。<br />
<br />
五、企业管理研究生<br />
<br />
1982年12月的一天晚上,ー个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
<br />
这是一次事先约定的会见。<br />
<br />
年轻人叫余昌民,刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清 华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生,工作了八九年,深感中国企业管理的弊病 太多,1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年, 专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息,《读卖新闻》为 此发了专稿,登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了,干什么好呢?学校建议他到国家 经委属下的中国企业研究协会去,这当然是个专业对口的美差,但是在武汉工作的 爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候,蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。他每星期上街 去买《深圳特区报》,得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝,如饥似渴地加以研 究。不难判断,蛇口エ业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去!决心下定了,系 里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会,经朋友介绍,他就来登门拜访了。<br />
<br />
会面的一瞬间,两个人互相观察了一下。<br />
<br />
“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗?穿件中式棉袄,和一般的老干部没啥差别,不 是想象中的那个改革家的模样,而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真 的值得?”<br />
<br />
真正的一闪念,没容余昌民多想,袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
<br />
谈话开门见山。<br />
<br />
“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里?”<br />
<br />
“在于体制。”<br />
<br />
“对了!”袁庚兴奋起来,侃侃而谈,“上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦,说 他们要一千人,劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用,那七百是搭配的闲人,你再要, 就再搭配,再多余,反正是大锅饭,大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了,还说这是社会主义 的优越性!这样,工厂冗员越来越多,工厂成了小社会,在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的, 形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ,败坏着我们的民族素质!这样的体制不改革,我们 就没有出路!”<br />
<br />
“我的ー篇论文,提出了企业的素质问题。”<br />
<br />
“有何高见?”<br />
<br />
“素质,好比基本作用,像女排,形成了她们的基本作风,就有战斗カ。”<br />
<br />
“就把ー个企业比作球队吧,假如你是教练,别人随便塞人给你,你怎么办?”<br />
<br />
“我不要。”<br />
<br />
“不要不行!”<br />
<br />
“那我不干。”<br />
<br />
“对了,就得这样。”<br />
<br />
一老ー少,越谈越投机,彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处ー闪而过的那点 疑虑也完全打消了。<br />
<br />
“我们这里可要冒点风险。”<br />
<br />
“正因为这样オ要去,建设好了还去干什么?”<br />
<br />
“你个人有什么要求?”<br />
<br />
“只要求家属ー起去。”<br />
<br />
“这个我们来办。”<br />
<br />
两个月后,余昌民父亲去世,回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化,系里要留他。 企业管理系刚刚建立,工作需要,理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚 飞往蛇口,收不回来了。<br />
<br />
1983年3月,袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客,系里派余昌民随行。系 领导的目的,是让校长对余昌民有个印象,说服他留下来,同时出面解决他家属的 户ロ问题。<br />
<br />
谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口,袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有,余昌 民暗示要做刘达的工作。<br />
<br />
余昌民再一次请求:“校长,让我来蛇口吧。”<br />
<br />
“系里要我帮忙留你,我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。<br />
<br />
袁庚一再要求支持:“刘达同志,把小余给我们吧,我们迫切需要企业管理的专 门人才。”<br />
<br />
刘达心动了。这位参加过“ー二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
<br />
回去后,余昌民给系里写了报告,对系里的教育培养表示感谢,说明清华企业 管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设,这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都 至关重要。<br />
<br />
问题迎刃而解。7月,夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。<br />
<br />
当余昌民到エ业区大楼报到的时候,在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉 着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口,边走边说:“你是研究企业管理的,你先熟悉ー 下情况,有把握了再谈工作……”<br />
<br />
袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信,其中有一段话:<br />
<br />
关于小余的事,同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失ー小余,无妨 大局,蛇口得之,如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下,エ业区将受其惠。<br />
<br />
重感情的刘达,把这封信送给了余昌民,让他留作永久的纪念。<br />
<br />
六、星期天的早晨<br />
<br />
星期天早晨8点钟,顾立基刚起床,洗了脸,正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同 学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的,大家都熬了夜,现在让他们多睡一会儿 吧。顾立基轻手轻脚,唯恐弄出一点声音来。<br />
<br />
“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗?”<br />
<br />
门外传来ー个声音。顾立基一看,走廊上站着ー个六十多岁的老人和一个 姑娘。<br />
<br />
“我就是顾立基,您是?”<br />
<br />
“我是袁庚,蛇口的袁庚〇”老人首先伸出手来,“这是我女儿尼亚,她不放心我 的身体,一定要陪我来,其实我的身体还可以。你看,骑了半小时车子,轻松愉快。”<br />
<br />
顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 他深受感动。<br />
<br />
“我们到楼下谈吧,同学们还在睡觉。”<br />
<br />
楼下有一张靠背长椅,三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨,不冷不热,阳光和煦, 轻风拂面,校园一片宁静的气氛。<br />
<br />
“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会?”<br />
<br />
“是的,现在会员有一千多人了,成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。”<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长?”<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊,”顾立基笑了, “我是说过想当厂长,为此还惹过ー些麻 烦呢。”<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦?”<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。”<br />
<br />
“岂有此理!想当个厂长是什么野心!’不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’,这 是拿破仑说的还是谁说的? 一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对!”<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的,但是我感到中国更需要管理人才,所以主动旁听了企业管理 系研究生的全部课程。”<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧,我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班,要培养大量的管理人才。”<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像,我的心就动了,只是还没下定决心。”<br />
<br />
“现在呢?”<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了,去蛇口。”<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗?”<br />
<br />
有什么困难? 1982年的初夏,社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的,有人在 报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界,影射特区有变成租界的危险,造成一股无形的压 力,因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些,可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的 人在ー起,冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去,下属工厂任他挑选,这 些,对他有一定的吸引力。他自从!967年中学毕业,1968年进上海印染机械修配 厂,十年中当过锅炉エ、车エ、錠エ、钳エ、电エ,当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不 惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为,1974年顾立基和他们争吵过ー 次,挨了批斗,却受到工人们的同情,和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要 毕业了 ,朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查,他是材料组的负责 人,如果不来上大学,早就走上领导岗位了,现在回去,工作安排是不成问题的。但 是,陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大,他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的 是,母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房,姐妹们都在外地,母亲 希望他留在身边,爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口,使他动了感情,他滔 滔不绝地发起议论来。<br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办ー个工业区 呢?为了在那块地方搞改革,搞全面的改革,从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度,都 要改,不改就没有出路。过去三十年,极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。 1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候,海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体,都是青年,他们为什 么要跑?因为我们穷!<br />
<br />
“’四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’,越搞跑的人越多。ー些村子的青壮年几乎跑 光了,真叫人欲哭无泪!蛇口对面就是香港的元朗,相隔只有6000米,晴天能看到 它的高楼,它就是在我们’十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了, 必须把经济搞上去,这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公 里,对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛,我们改革成功了,对全国就有很大 的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛,无伤大局。当然,我们一定要尽最大的 努力,争取成功,避免失败。我们这ー代人是老了,当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时 候,时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……”<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动,身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚,望 着自己的父亲,眼睛也有点热了……<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来,当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书,1984年4月被聘为 办公室主任。<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚,因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口,听说顾立基6日 ー早要去香港,5日晚我去登门拜访。<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告,我为 了听这个报告,推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的,谁都可以听,欢迎你去。”ー见面 顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗?”<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难,他在蛇口不会待太久,一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告, 你最好陪他回宿舍ーー他儿子的住处,或者宾馆,这样边走边谈,可以谈十来分 钟……”<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗?<br />
<br />
不管怎样,先听听他的报告再说吧。<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半,袁庚的报告准时开始。<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影,大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。 今天这个会也叫新闻发布会,街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂,基本上坐满 了,放眼望过去,都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。<br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上, 顾立基主持大会。<br />
<br />
ー开始,袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕,只讲个把钟头。”<br />
<br />
人们笑了,其实怕的是他讲得太短。<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问,历时23天,访问了 4个国家、16个公司、18个城市,从新加坡 开始,往西到英国,再到美国、日本,整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处,受到隆重的、 破格的接待,我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们 四个人,而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化,在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到 做蛇口人的光荣。”<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张,出国访问要花自己的钱,花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、 软弱的地位。这次出访,他们带了 20万美金的信用卡,足够用了,所到之处都坚持 这个原则,唯独在新加坡失灵了。那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系,但新加 坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检,从飞机场ー直送到最高级的香格里拉大 酒店,袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前,这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫 人;在他之后,住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨）,每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观 什么项目,全部满足要求。临走结账时,酒店经理说:“在你们到来之前,已经有人 付了全部费用。”<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁,英国老板们在海员罢エ浪潮的 冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们,给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深 刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说:“我们原打算3年之内种植 20万株月季,把蛇口建成玫瑰之城,现在看来太落后了……”<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国,主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡,大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔,华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民,交给他一把金钥匙。女 市长在宴会上说:“我是百分之百的中国人,也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说:“我 很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判,就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过, “在经济问题上,兄弟无情,六亲不认!何况是与外国人谈判「’<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前,有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过 的曲折。<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日,袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件,大家听了很高兴,但我们不要高兴得过早。不 要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了,但官僚主义、 红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事,还是有的。例如我们正在谈判 的浮法玻璃厂,到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃,为什么不准我们用 最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ?最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局 交涉。她们去的时候,人家一口答应,讲你们回去好了,但等我们企业室派人带合 同去盖章的时候,又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干,他们讲:‘你们派了记 者、作家来,我敢不答应吗?弄得不好,你们要写报告文学,写内参,我受得了 吗,？……”<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨,交涉了九个月,オ过了国内这ー关。<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判,当然不可能用这么长的时间,但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想 而知的。<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂,简直是一座玻璃城!它生产各式各样 的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃,用25磅大锤从20米外打去,地皮都震动了,玻璃却安 然无恙。我们和美国合资,投资ー亿美元,引进一座同样的エ厂,买他的专利,以后 我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点,集中在每年所付专利费 占销售总额的百分比上。<br />
<br />
美方要6%,我们还价4% 〇<br />
<br />
美方降到5%,我们加到4.5%。<br />
<br />
寸利必争,形成僵局。<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。<br />
<br />
“先生们,我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针,2000年前发明了火药,全人类 <br />
都在享受这些伟大的成果,可是他们从来没有要过什么专利,我们作为后代从来没 有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋,而是觉得光荣。请问各位,那时候你们的祖先在哪 里?恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前,是不是毛特别多……”<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前,一个个咧嘴笑了。<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕,我的意思不是不付专利费,而是要求公平合理r’<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格,坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们,说不 定会抗议呢!“你骂我们的祖先,是可忍,孰不可忍ド’<br />
<br />
终于达成协议:4.75%,为期!0年。<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进ー个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂,专利 费是5% ,时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处,绝不能走 美国的路!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退,エ业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走,他们还 有点生气,现在停滞不前了。<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方,转移到太平洋 沿岸。<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了,现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈,今天 下午四点半ー踏上蛇口码头,就感到无比的清新,感到ー草一木都非常亲切。<br />
<br />
“10月1日,蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话,那是大家的 功劳！<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的,思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上,我们ー定要 赶上和超过他们!”<br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时,宣布散会了,大家意犹未尽。<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了,我放弃了跟上去的打算。<br />
<br />
ハ、“搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
8月7日,袁庚开了一整天会,据说8日也不会有空,而9日ー早又要回香港 了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上,我给他写了一封信,说明这一次 如果不能和他交谈,我将等待,直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨,我把这封信 交给了エ业区党委副书记乔胜利,请他转交。<br />
<br />
8日上午,我到办公大楼访问王潮梁,两人刚坐下来,办公室副主任黄振超匆<br />
<br />
匆忙忙地叫我:“袁董回来了,快去见他!”<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉,说明另改时间,急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的,中间隔着大块的透明玻璃,老远就看 见了袁庚,他手里正拿着一大摞文件。<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候,黄振超在旁边向他说明:“只是见见面,不会占你很多 时间。”<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说:<br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的?来搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了,而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。我 知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。梁宪说过,前几年在北京开会,有一天袁庚 看了张洁的小说《爱,是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章,问他:“你认识这个作家 吗?咱们把她请到蛇口去!”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所 了解的,“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。<br />
<br />
我也笑着说:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋,要写你和蛇口。”<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下,舒服地往藤椅上一靠,摆出了准备 谈ー阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好,这里问题多得 很,改革每前进ー步都要经过斗争,到处充满着矛盾。”<br />
<br />
我说:“正是这一点吸引了我。”<br />
<br />
“ー个国家没有民主是不行的,而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。 我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国,政治家演说,群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿 扔他,他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的,但这ー套对巩固资产阶级的统 治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底,孙中山是 想搞民主的,他死得太早,没搞成。中华民族是伟大的,但是历史的包袱太重了。”<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿,她在美国学企业管理,谈起来也说:在 美国深有感慨,感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重〇<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族,就没有什么框框,我在报告会上也说了,他们的总督牌香烟广 告有一句口号是’想做就去做’,这句话香港也接受不了,译成’应做就去做’〇当 然,想干什么就干什么是不行的,但我们许多应干的事却干不成。”<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历,他扼要地做了回答,着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命” 中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时,这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来,<br />
<br />
微笑着站在那里不动,我知道是催他去开会,我们的谈话该结束了。<br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志,我们马上又赶到 太子宾馆,和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢,对监狱内外情形 都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说:<br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨,出来就蔦儿了,可是他不,他的劲头反而更大了。”<br />
<br />
我心里说:这オ是袁庚!<br />
<br />
过了几天,乔胜利对陈宜浩说:“袁董看了我的信,答应下次回来再和我谈。” 可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。<br />
<br />
8月25日上午,我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息,急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联 系。但是太迟了,他过了中午又要回香港,而上午的时间已经排满,就在和我通话 的时候,他不得不放下电话去开门。他说:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧,不要紧的,我们没有秘密。”<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访,ー时想不齐全,只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字, 他ーー做了回答:“这些也要发表吗?”我说:“不一定发表。”他说:“发表也没关系, 那天我讲话外国人也听了。”<br />
<br />
我说:“将来排出校样,送给你看看好吗?免得事实有出入。”<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查,出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的,难免出点差 错。捅点娄子也不要紧。”<br />
<br />
“好了,谢谢您。”<br />
<br />
“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。<br />
<br />
一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观,来到铝材厂门口时,他向学 员们介绍:这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人,23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起 来,大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停エ,ー个工人从高处摔下来受了伤,他的哥哥跑 过去看了看,见弟弟没有生命危险,便又回去干活了。<br />
<br />
袁庚说:“日本不富没有天理!中国改革不富也没有天理!”<br />
<br />
现在我想说:蛇口的改革不成功没有天理!<br />
<br />
九、大鹏魂<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚,魁梧、潇洒,兼有外交家和实业家的风度,具有一种吸引人的魅 カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢?<br />
拨开历史的迷雾,我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园,算 是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。<br />
<br />
1935年,他毕业于广州广雅中学,随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测 量员,他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校,陈济棠下台后,这家军校成了国民党中央军 校的分校。在学校里,袁庚是活跃的足球门将,练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕 业,他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官,ー个个腐化不堪,对民族危亡无动于衷,便愤 然回到故乡大鹏镇,担任第一小学校长,同时兼任地方自卫队教官。<br />
<br />
学校是国民党办的,自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的,但是学校和自卫队中都有 中共地下党员。<br />
<br />
戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚,在当地是ー个重要人物,三种政治力量对他都很 重视。<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文,和他住到ー起,亲自考察他。<br />
<br />
革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
<br />
1939年3月27日,袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党,从这ー 天起,他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。<br />
<br />
当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党 的漫画,刺痛了国民党区党部,他的处境变得危险了,党组织于!939年冬天把他转 移到党领导的抗日游击队,从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子, 像大鹏ー样展翅高飞了。<br />
<br />
抗日战争期间,美军作为盟军,在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组,担任东纵联 络处处长的袁庚,和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示,东纵和美 军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报,对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。<br />
<br />
日寇投降时,英军远在缅甸,ー个海军少将只率领ー营人乘航空母舰赶到香 港。他的兵力不足以维持治安,要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央,中 央复电:为了对付国民党的内战阴谋,坚决撤离港九地区;同时要求在香港设立联 络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判,袁庚不辱使命,漂亮地完成了任务,并成为驻 香港办事处的第一任主任,这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能 想到,历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折,二十多年后,这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。<br />
<br />
十、秦城监狱<br />
<br />
1968年4月6日,袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家,到机关去上班。北京的4月 初,春寒料峭,风沙迷眼,加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报,形成一片肃杀气氛,使袁 庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作,刚告一段落,还来不及喘口气, 就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息,他于愤 懑中保持着镇定。<br />
<br />
回到办公室不久,有人通知:“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门,看到 除部长之外,还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长,面孔板得像 ー座木雕。<br />
<br />
“袁庚,你被捕了!”<br />
<br />
下午,机关召开大会,部长在会上宣布:“袁庚是美国特务,已经依法逮捕。”袁 庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和 刘丹ー,互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周 总理安全的情景,记忆犹新,那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间,周旋于华侨社会 之中,眼睛熬红了,人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场,天理何在?!<br />
<br />
与此同时,汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中,勒令交出所有的钥匙,开始抄家。 翻箱倒柜,从下午抄到天黑,然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时,オ发现三个 孩子被关在门外不准进家,左邻右舍也不敢收留,孩子们在抹眼泪……<br />
<br />
从此以后,袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里,也不知是死是 活,到哪里打听都说不知道。!969年,汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校,孩 子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”,但作为“反革命家属”， 她只能干最脏最累的活,如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎,痛得胳膊抬 不起来,医生建议回北京治疗,干校就是不准。直到!972年初夏,她的大孩子中印 就要下乡插队了,她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服,打点行装,オ被批准。<br />
<br />
1972年7月,袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后,有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去 探监。“他还活着,他还活着!”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。<br />
<br />
汪宗谦心酸地发现,袁庚行走困难,说话声音也变了,而且他不知道当时是何 年何月！<br />
<br />
原来监狱里日夜亮着灯,犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替,失去了时间的概念;<br />
睡觉时只准脸朝外,一条腿总是压在下边,时间长了造成萎缩;长期不讲话,声带都 沙哑了。<br />
<br />
我曾经听说,袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西,只有放风时在天井里看到 墙根的小草。问他是不是这样,他说:<br />
<br />
“不,还有蚂蚁,我对蚂蚁很有研究。”<br />
<br />
这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量!<br />
<br />
汪宗谦见过了袁庚,就为救他而奔走了。<br />
<br />
“没见他不知道他死活,既然知道他还活着,我就怕他死了!问题还没搞清,死 了孩子们都得背黑锅呀!他住在楼上,要到楼下的天井放风,上下都很辛苦,我到 中央接待站去上访,请求把他搬到楼下来,这个要求被接受了。”<br />
<br />
袁庚搬到楼下的ー间房,发现席子底下有一团花白的头发,他判断这里关过ー 个五十多岁的女同志。后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事,王光美 说:“没错,正是我住过的那间房。”<br />
<br />
袁庚出狱,已是1973年9月30日,整整关了 5年半。<br />
<br />
在狱中,睡觉时只要一转身,看守就在外边敲门。夜晚,敲门声常常把人惊醒。 袁庚回到家里,刚一入睡就惊醒了,这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年,这种心悸 病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能,却用了更长的时间。每天,汪宗谦搀 着袁庚,ー步,ー步,慢慢地走,越走越远,越走越快,走了一年之久,两条腿オ恢复 了平衡。<br />
<br />
更可悲的是,有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子,出来不会走直路了,一走就 转圈,连马路也不能过。人啊,人！人的尊严到哪里去了！<br />
<br />
经过一年多的休养治疗,1975年,袁庚被分配到交通部,当了外事局副局长。<br />
<br />
ー恢复工作,袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体ー样活跃起来。<br />
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恢复工作之前,袁庚骑自行车上街,总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道,“不能开 慢点吗” !恢复工作之后,自己也坐上了小汽车,有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了, “不能靠边骑吗” !他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化,在心里警告自己道: “可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀!”<br />
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多年来,这成了他的一个信条。<br />
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十ー、香港第一课<br />
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1978年,做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚,以花甲之年改行搞经济,被派<br />
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到香港招商局担任副董事长。<br />
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招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日,招商局 香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱,从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。 历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长,所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。 从李鸿章算起,袁庚是第29任了。<br />
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香港招商局在极'左‘思想影响之下,经营单一,困守一隅,搞了几十年没有什 么发展。袁庚到任,根据中央定下的“以航运为中心,立足港澳,背靠内地,面向海 外,多种经营,工商结合,买卖结合”的方针,以铁腕大力整顿。<br />
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袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说:<br />
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“我到香港的第一课,就是买了一座大楼,非常便宜,只花了 6180万（港币）。 第一次交订金时,支票2000万。那天是星期五,当时讲好下午2点钟,在ー个律师 楼里,大家一手交钱,一手交货。我们开了 2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的 对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里,发动机都没有停。ー上去之后,大 家一手交货,一手交钱,签字。签完字,对方拿着支票,两个人夹住,下去了。剩下 ー个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度,马上存到银行里去了。 因为明天是礼拜六了,人家银行关门,礼拜天也关门,假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前 不到银行去交那个支票的话,他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支 票交给他。我们的财务去了,他回来向我们报告,他说当时那个场面是很动人的。 当然,我们闭着眼睛也能想到,资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重 视,当时浮动利息是!4厘,三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志,那就 无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去,回家。他没有这个观念!这就是香港第一课。 我也不怕自惭形秽,ー窍不通,我接触经济工作,仅仅是5年多前开始的。但ー开 始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多!招商局的子公司多的是,ー检查,发现支 票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了 ,换了一个华东 财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后,我就给他讲这个道理,ー个礼拜之内他就能够接 受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事,立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后,财源 滚滚而来。……这个’时间就是金钱’,不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我,其实 这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’,它说得比我还 厉害,时间重于金钱!”<br />
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招商局走上轨道,袁庚就考虑进ー步的发展了。1979年初,他和有关同志带 着在蛇口开发エ业区的蓝图,到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志 很感兴趣,当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给エ业区,袁庚还没有这个胆量,只要了<br />
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2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候,袁庚心里默默 地说:<br />
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“先念同志,签吧,您这ー笔下去,将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀!”<br />
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十二、淸新<br />
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1984年8月,蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅,迎面是ー架屏 风,正中间挂着一幅草书,苍劲流畅的书法,引人注目,细看那内容,更是气度非凡。 这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本,把它抄了下来。<br />
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登微波楼<br />
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微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
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时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
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宝安袁庚<br />
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我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
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我有同感。<br />
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蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
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六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
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晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
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啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
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十三、心血<br />
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清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
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ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
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1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
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这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
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施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
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午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
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下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
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厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
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的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
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我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
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我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
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龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
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“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
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“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
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“你有什么打算?”<br />
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“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
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“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
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“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
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在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
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十五、激动的工程师<br />
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7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
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蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
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边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
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“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
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的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
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“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
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46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
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他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
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王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
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袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
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管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
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当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
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“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
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“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
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“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
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“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
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“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
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“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
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“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
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“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
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“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
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了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
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父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
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“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
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当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
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“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
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“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
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“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
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“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
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第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
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12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
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1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
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王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
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“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
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“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
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“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
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“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
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“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
<br />
“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
<br />
“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
<br />
王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
<br />
十六、年轻的总经理<br />
<br />
一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
<br />
说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
<br />
“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
<br />
只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
<br />
她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
<br />
“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
<br />
“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
<br />
“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
<br />
“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
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在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=154938Report CN EN 032023-03-22T12:02:12Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：5.痴情 */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情==<br />
<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with long hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old, civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies are always covered; whereas in the West, people love nudity, which seems to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个一丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there is a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush, painted a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting is not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, have you ever thought that some of us will cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us will stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, will come like snowflakes. You may even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Are you fearless, or seized by a whim? You're out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he is painting.<br />
<br />
他站在ー间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着ー支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着ー张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stands in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looks disheveled, and his bosom is stained with different colors. His hair is long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there is a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exaxtly do you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it is today. The platforms were clean, the corriders were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the southern regions of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North...<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像ー块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and a black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with the excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man -- that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes..."<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me..."<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows -- the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"A business trip? Or visiting family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student in Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone..."<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What..."<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break..."<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man."<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. Resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in appearance. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
"So I don't understand art..."<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多 少欢聚与悲离的故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉ー线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小 桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小 伙子,而是ー个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么 给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
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出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的 傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐 调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样 那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为ー个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身 汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是ー个有抱负、有オ华的人!”<br />
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画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
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姑娘点了点头。<br />
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画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简 直像ー个拙笨的新手。好半天,オ抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
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姑娘接过来ー看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要 逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这 副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真 的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已 不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会” 了画家的灵犀。<br />
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画纸的一角是签名和年月ーー袁运生,画于!964年2月。<br />
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画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
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姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
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“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信<br />
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地址?”<br />
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姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
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火车抵达浦口,他们已经像ー对熟识的老朋友了。从ー个艺术型的医学院学 生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他 们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
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画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依 依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空ー样清 澈,像江水ー样深沉……<br />
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呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江 交织起来的ー见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
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洛神赋<br />
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在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,ー只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认 真地涂抹着油彩,画出ー个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己 的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
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这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家 闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐ー样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
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看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰 恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父 亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年 除タ送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出ー批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小 型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。 稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的 艺术功底。<br />
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当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来ー副舉脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
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哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,ー个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人需要有 个性。”<br />
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1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
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如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画 派。这是!9世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画 就像一部小说或ー出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派 运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝 圣者像请佛ー样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画 派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
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他像奔跑在艺术山野里的小鹿,ー头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
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袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考 试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件和艺术才能 的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖 カ气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严 格的训练——<br />
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挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们 是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与 被画者保持绝对的耐性。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面”,画上一整天,只画了半个头 像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履 的中年人走过来,这是礼聘来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出 满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供 同学们观摩。<br />
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这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉 柯夫教学体系。袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀一苏联 在中国土地上开办的艺术エ厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
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苏联专家的宠儿,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手 不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺 术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生 来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
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但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容 易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
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苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便 朝那里走去。他停在ー帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来ー阵电灼 般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
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这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜 映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的 感情,像酒ー样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
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看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛 苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生一向日葵,仿佛摇 身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探 求……这哪里是绘画呀,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每ー线条和每一色块 都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
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袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被ー支锐利的艺术之 箭射穿了。<br />
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他回到宿舍,ー头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高オ生转瞬间变成 西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
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宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地 问:“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
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“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作 品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
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他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在 一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的 基础。有这个就够了。下ー步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚。<br />
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他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过 程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧 上了天,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际 上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在 干着什么蠢事呀?……<br />
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袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
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好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,ー个几亿人的 社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎。<br />
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从那以后,他变得不大安分了, ー头温驯的伏尔加式的小鹿,现出烈性马驹的 本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标〇<br />
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目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
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从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里 之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭ー张学生 证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶 子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹……<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
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长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象カ!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人, 栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱 翔 <br />
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他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。 他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条 表现出高超的魅力。<br />
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站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他 的思绪如抛出的ー缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作 两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近 求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从 东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
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祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
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虎丘<br />
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兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩 柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
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姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
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她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中 回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认 识ー下,如果手头有照片,请寄来ー张。<br />
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兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选ー张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。 这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息 ー样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
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兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以 后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些 年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有 点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
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此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人 占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想 象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的 眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不 容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,ー见钟 情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜 蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
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学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在 肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
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“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄 起话筒,ー惊一喜一那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
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兰英极カ掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,ー阵风似的跑到 学校的门口。<br />
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画家站在那里,手中照例拿着ー个速写本。<br />
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“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
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“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
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“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
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“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……”<br />
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兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春 岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意 味着向人生的ー个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
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“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
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“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
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当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
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和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深” 〇沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池 澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈 静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
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这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在ー起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她 觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
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“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
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“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
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可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术 他对这ー带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而 倾倒。<br />
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前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画 家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到 对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去,仿佛在祝福这ー对美 好的情侣。突然,ー股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
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这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林 的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰ー样醉红,双唇像微微绽 开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰 尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己 ー样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后 ー瞬 <br />
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“兰英,我要告诉你ー件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是’右 派’厂’<br />
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霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
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孤岛上<br />
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到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。!957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
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他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的 实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。 这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了 幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
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小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾 的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派 脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体,心情是焦渴的。当 蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家 生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
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小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左 右,オ有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
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“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好 啦……”<br />
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他看完报纸ー扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生 活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块 和线条的运用。<br />
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年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队 的宣传干事带到ー间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
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“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
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“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
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“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
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“为什么?”<br />
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“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查。你们学校填写了 两份材料,你的情况单纯。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
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袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是ー种荣幸,既然生活当中存在 这样ー些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过 了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加 以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
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“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放 炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
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不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情 调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活 见鬼!中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
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不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
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北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷,使 海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书 记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头,有碍“百花齐放”〇袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
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袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中 国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? ー连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
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有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像ー个漏了税的走私犯接受 审讯。<br />
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摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名一“反苏” 〇<br />
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究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然 他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
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他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他ー挥手:“请你到外 面等一会儿。”<br />
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他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听 见屋里在争论。<br />
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有人说:“够了……<br />
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有人说:“还不够…<br />
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有人说:“态度还好<br />
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他的好友在替他争辩,另ー些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉 默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
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“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
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政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色一红与黑。点朱 泼墨,二者居其ー,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不 同,观点对立,照样用黑笔ー勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
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晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
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哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
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“我是’右派’了。”<br />
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“呵?”哥哥大吃ー惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
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“我没犯错误。”<br />
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“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
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“他们说我是,就是啰。”<br />
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“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
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“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
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哥哥望着他那单纯的面孔,望着他嘴上柔软的茸毛,心缩紧了,欲哭无泪。他 只有18岁呀!被践踏而感觉痛苦的人是不幸的;被践踏尚且不懂得痛苦的人又是 多么可悲哪!他太年轻了,还没来得及向生活伸出触角,一旦他那稚嫩的敏感的神 经末梢感觉到痛楚,他能活下去吗?<br />
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他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山 造湖,兴修水库,ー颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场 面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地 指挥部,请求一边干活ー边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人 来访。<br />
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又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他ー个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌 午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃 地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝 惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
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可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受 改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。 只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成 呵斥的嗓门,ー张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了一仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
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他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
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过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后 来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
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小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活,学校当局不再 放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他オ感到了痛 苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷 中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出 ー串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
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屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床 前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
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他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是ー种负担。我 需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
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新月<br />
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タ阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透 明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对 青年男女。<br />
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这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们ー页ー页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初 恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像ー阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只 残忍的巨手ー挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严 峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择。<br />
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在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的ー 群,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以 “杀气腾腾煽风点火”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下 没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对 他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁 愿与鬼贼联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
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在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每ー个姑娘 都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵ーー询 问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,エ资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和 间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称ー称。爱情的内容转变了,转变 为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义。<br />
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兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血 管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽 得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富 贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色 的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
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兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气。因此,她 还不懂得利害。<br />
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政治运动对姑娘来说,像ー场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来 得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些 了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些 “右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她 还时常听到这样的告诫:有オ华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现 实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不 断得到强化。<br />
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抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的 嘲讽。<br />
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眼前的画家又是ー个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离 经叛道的歧路,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为 政治问题?为什么要让ー个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛 献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家 不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇 气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的オ华……什么是オ华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它 是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘 喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下ー颗蓝色 的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提 起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
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画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子,也是有限的宽恕,一 切还同过去ー样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
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“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
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“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
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“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
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这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到 足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激 动的光辉:“世上有オ华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏 看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
<br />
难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把オ华糟蹋得像ー块抹布的年月里,这句话,他 不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子 无オ便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,オ华再也不是令知识分 子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火 焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
<br />
兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市 的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费カ气地 获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝 沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究 竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯 灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被 搞得阴阳颠倒！ ー时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到ー颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙ー样晶莹闪烁。<br />
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兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
<br />
画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
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“喜欢。”<br />
<br />
“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
<br />
“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
<br />
画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝里滚动。<br />
<br />
ー弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一 尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
<br />
画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做 人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进 行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的 苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
<br />
双桥<br />
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当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具 的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢一充当囚犯, 颠沛流离,饱尝辛酸……<br />
<br />
翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
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我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石礙,弓 着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下ー闪ー闪。<br />
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这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但 是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是 最年轻的ー个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石礙,ー拉就是一天。<br />
<br />
二十几个人住在ー间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里 两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。 几年前,在他们头顶上发生的那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄 默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成 为ー门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向 两极。<br />
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袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头ー个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,ー头畜力转眼 间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻 找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
<br />
他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能 像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就 运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着 他。试问,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射 的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙 的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变 形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那 样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展 示了情景交融的空间ーー略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
<br />
他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵 他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多 张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着 既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
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住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举 止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的 学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
<br />
“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画 吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去「’<br />
<br />
这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府 里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
<br />
一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义 的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着 人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
<br />
散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特 儿是清痺的、憔悴的,ー副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出ー个美的灵 魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
<br />
“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
<br />
这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
<br />
ー个被撤职的党委书记,ー个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下 扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
<br />
雨纷纷<br />
<br />
画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业 分配。<br />
<br />
东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻 掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南 鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降 临头上。<br />
<br />
兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有 篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
<br />
当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋 友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
<br />
姑娘一五ー十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住。<br />
<br />
兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象カ,把故事编得像田园牧 歌ー样美妙 <br />
<br />
“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
<br />
“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
<br />
“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子〇”<br />
<br />
“那个人干什么的?”<br />
<br />
“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
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“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英 将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
<br />
但是,在学校的ー间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒 的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主 义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去 的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
<br />
兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了<br />
<br />
“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样ー个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣 个黑锅背ー辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
<br />
“我乐意……”<br />
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“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍 白,四肢麻木,像是ー个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的 姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴 的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
<br />
更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她, 好像她做了什么亏心事。ー颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使 她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
<br />
她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨一爸爸生前的战友。<br />
<br />
阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
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兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方 设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空ー样阴郁。<br />
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“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说;我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
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她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
<br />
西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨 非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
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兰英的眉心舒展了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
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“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢,”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍ー个男<br />
朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证 会喜欢他……”<br />
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兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
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阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养 感情嘛……”<br />
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姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进ー团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲 径好像布满陷阱。ー种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。 给你!”<br />
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兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节 奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
<br />
回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰 英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
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“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
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“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好 好谈谈吧……”<br />
<br />
晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
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“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们 党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
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“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分 子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们ー些好处。打个比喻吧,好 比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那 些人再好,也不能使用。你多想ー想吧……”<br />
<br />
姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头ー次听说,在政策的背后 还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
<br />
这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所 醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。ー个势单力孤的女 子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他 吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰 尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情 愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为ー个农 家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来 时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像 断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
<br />
第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看ー 看就会明白的。”<br />
<br />
这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到ー篇文 章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么 呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的ー小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的 题目 <br />
<br />
水乡记忆<br />
<br />
“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
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“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
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“我先尝尝一哈,又香又脆!”<br />
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“放开肚皮吧,反正不花钱……”<br />
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袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼 声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
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这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回 到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择ー处乡土气息 浓厚的地区深入生活,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓 库隔壁的ー间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏 杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传ロ号消失了,生理本能 在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满 几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是ー出率先占有填充 材料的喜剧。<br />
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袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
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“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
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“别理他!”<br />
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这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预ー 下也无可厚非。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
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然而,夜间的梦寐并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理 解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的 心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
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回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,ー股不可遏制的创作冲动驱 使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去ー个晚上的 时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
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他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小 呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
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他把行李卷、画布和油彩,ー股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型 文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积 着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上ー摊,不 分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两 个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
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这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
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《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画 家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的 分数都不肯给。<br />
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水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
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画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有 玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
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看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。ー 个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开ー张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。ー个 淳朴的小女孩刚オ卖掉ー只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看 被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔 下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着ー桩桩美好的故事ーー人们 在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
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桥下是ー泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相 擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在 船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
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这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时 更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚 强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举 世无双的韧性一走向明天!<br />
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谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁 的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪 夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的 语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
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当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有 人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。 作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视 的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用 西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘 出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩,年画的敦厚朴实和壁 画的装饰趣味。<br />
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把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为ー炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿 了吧！<br />
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但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放 废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的 后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀 把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门 的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把 它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
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离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取 缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该 被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着ー堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不 画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指 责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的 路口只亮着ー盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
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中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我 可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出 作者的艺术才能。”<br />
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只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可 怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家 应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世一其中也 包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
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月台边<br />
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兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
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阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力 的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟 他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子,还会累及子女。<br />
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那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘 与画家结合的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的 人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来 的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
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这是ー场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
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阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效カ,递过ー支笔、ー张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
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兰英接过纸笔。<br />
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她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表 示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家 能够得到另ー个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后ー个字,信纸上满是斑斑 泪痕。<br />
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阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你 不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
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“本来就是被迫的「’兰英没好气地说。<br />
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阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
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兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷 吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语 言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将 把信撕得粉碎,ー赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净 <br />
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兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
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画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条 件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
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姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
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对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
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“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
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学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个 长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
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火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风 光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人 头攒动的月台上,她ー眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
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兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。 但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑 娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
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画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
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“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什 么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
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姑娘把旅行袋往前ー递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听 懂是什么意思。<br />
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“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑ー趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日 子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
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明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何 是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解一那些无尽无休的劝说、挑 唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
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兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有 同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同 财产,是一条印花双人床单。在ー间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪 式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫 近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
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人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
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兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽 容一除了东北三省之外,其他任何ー个城市都行。实心眼儿的姑娘把手指放在 地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山 海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
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她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀 和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一 度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条 件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着ー块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身 来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生 活无法自理。直到这时,她オ感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
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画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到ー份工作,又赶到唐山,好 不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户ロ的证件。至此,他们已经两地分 居六年了。<br />
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兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年 了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西ーー优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青 春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了 巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。 耿耿银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
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陋室铭<br />
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破木桌上摊开ー张纸片,ー只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了 圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱 子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
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这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还 是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
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小屋只有!4平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, ー排大连铺占去三分之ニ的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间 是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
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眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这 个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好 几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所 听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
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兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
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兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食 堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不 发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝 糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头ー样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那 些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
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家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物 价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买 不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱ー个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
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他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
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“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
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“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
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妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服ロ袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
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儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
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过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
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画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
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儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚オ他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤 肉颠得没影了……<br />
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“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
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儿子也笑了。ー场精神上的欢笑代替了假日的会餐。<br />
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在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门 面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现 代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处 境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得 很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到 家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
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在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似 的想点办法?”<br />
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“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
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“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合 过得去……”<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
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妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题ー搁,永远不再提起。<br />
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兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们 家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥ー顿饱ー顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的 换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环 境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣 服洗一洗吧。”<br />
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“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干ー场。<br />
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他把床单和衣服泡了满满ー盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他ー忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;ー忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
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他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板 凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
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兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过ー丝苦笑。<br />
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画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
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一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚 子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,ー共跳了多 少次?，，<br />
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画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
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兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪一整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。<br />
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干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
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天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入 睡;儿子ー沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手 抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另ー只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
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漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
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兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为 人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为ー个正直的画家的妻子的全部 甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕 耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还 被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦 楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
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她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙<br />
爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
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车轮下<br />
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袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱 地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
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兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为ー家人做早饭。<br />
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画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
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兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺ー躺。”画家匆匆吃过 早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
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在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过ー场大雪,北风ー刮,马路上结 着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
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画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜 劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命的时刻。<br />
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人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
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穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽 听ー阵隆隆的马达声。ー辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。 速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人 带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的 传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
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街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
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卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。 卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团 儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
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这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸ロー轧,就 算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃 脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
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按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同 情一预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦 的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。 即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头一抗争！<br />
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接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡 车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车 咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人 们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
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“千万不能倒下「’画家想,“ー倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
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卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反<br />
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应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
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画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
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抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天<br />
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ォ清醒过来。<br />
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兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾ー切地赶到医院。存车的时 候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙 怎么也拔不出来。<br />
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存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚オ进医院的时<br />
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候,自己还能走路。"<br />
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兰英这オ觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
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兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫 妻双双躺在床上。<br />
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孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和<br />
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女儿一人捧回ー包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
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儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
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女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
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兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早<br />
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地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心 灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿 <br />
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画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰<br />
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问。他们留下ー百块钱赔偿经济损失一画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
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客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
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兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看ー<br />
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眼也令人伤心。<br />
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画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
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“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
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画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知<br />
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道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民ーー我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去「’<br />
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这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是ー个贫病交困的人的 最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对ー些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那 样遥远,拼着性命オ能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼 痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘 寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
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数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情 目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
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袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的 印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
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袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花 甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,ー举ー动都受到街道居委 会的监视。<br />
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袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没 有什么值得高兴的一中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路 线走ー遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽 然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
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江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上 挂着一幅画框,嵌着ー张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那 张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到 使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
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袁运生打开画夹,把ー组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的 牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人 物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的 笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
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“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真 诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
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袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨 的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风 中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手ー丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
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画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于!974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白 描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
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江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他 说:“呵,黄河! ー泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声 音……"<br />
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春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了 !<br />
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担担画<br />
<br />
“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
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美术界ー些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头 角,施展オ华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任 河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各 种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是ー个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。 这个磨砺精深的艺术家,就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
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乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
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在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现 了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,ー头不驯服的长发 如垂下万根烦恼丝。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁 了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
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他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
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兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
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兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议 事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就 是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
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1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机 会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
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他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了 妻子,全家人像过节ー样快乐<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
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“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
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女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
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“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
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他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
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兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
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丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注ー掷了 !”<br />
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是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举 动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一 个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使ー颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴ー样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
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晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,ー针针,ー线线,直缝到天 色薄明。<br />
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“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
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“三个月吧。”画家说,“你ー个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
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妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
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这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府一景洪。他被西双版纳惊 人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林 绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水 晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁 着珠光宝气。<br />
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有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天 堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾 洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
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他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地。招待所的服务人员很 有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进ー间中等客房。<br />
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画家开ロ就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
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服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
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“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
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“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
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“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
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他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下ー步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各<br />
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的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
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幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出 的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
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云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族 的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
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好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的 背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有!40多斤重。小伙子看了直 抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
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袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
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瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
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奏鸣曲<br />
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瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
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呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
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那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝ー样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
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就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
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西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰 富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住 兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在ー棵树 前,一画就是一整天。<br />
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“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
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“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古 老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
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袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。 每ー笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家 的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小 虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理 昧 <br />
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中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来オ深有感 受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
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画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在ー起的<br />
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他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情 而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
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每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。 晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛 着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗 条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
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“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银 铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她 们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露ー截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使 她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后ー盘,自然地溜向ー 边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
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少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来ー阵阵悠扬 的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在 纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
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诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就 在苦苦思索ー个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
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美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出 你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
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面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我 感受却不尽相同。ー百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,ー百种不同的表现方法。<br />
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艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。<br />
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从夏末到中秋,他在ー串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勧定的一个偏僻的 小村寨。<br />
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这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上 开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本 寨的荣耀。<br />
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同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无カ同病魔 斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是 “鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者ー商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那<br />
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些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
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“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的ー 瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精 粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的 请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起 画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
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小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的 经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂 痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在ー起进餐,然后由男方挑着担 子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱 护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像ー泓溪 水那样清澈。<br />
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一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清 脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的 手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
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这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在 古老的贝叶经里的传说一从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘 据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑 娘们生出ー计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头ー沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒 醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。 一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使 自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
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晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这 万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
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广为流传的神话传说,往往是ー个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到 的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑 海里汇集,逐渐熔化为ー团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳 美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地 多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西 双版纳。这是ー个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、 秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条一单纯与丰富高度和谐地统ー!<br />
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他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的 独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。 那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的ー组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
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昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘 绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
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公主啊!<br />
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你是ー颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
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但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
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把宝石镶在我的心上 <br />
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他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
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二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
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袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
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兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心 开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画 不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
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画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失 火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
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其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们 忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
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画家在长春的ー个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁 愕然了。<br />
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这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰 英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出ー个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗 震棚挪动着……<br />
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显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的 艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
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朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那<br />
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位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道<br />
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壁画之梦<br />
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不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白 皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的 空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀ー样扑朔不定。他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。他搞不 清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里……<br />
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昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的 画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。ー抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳 光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从 梦境回到了现实的世界。<br />
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这是!979年1月,在北京白家庄。<br />
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袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水 晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候 机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍 特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成 了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建 筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业 技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理 者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和エ艺 美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得 到了推荐,也在被邀请之列〇<br />
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随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热 度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使ー些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑 文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否 定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以 免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对 稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单ー些,拿他的 话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。”<br />
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袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节一生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻<br />
辑和客观条件应运而生的。<br />
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候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的ー块地 方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙 壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美 的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心 中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝 叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴 的哲理。他决定挨弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。”<br />
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主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思 毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在 以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知 命运如何?<br />
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袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是 工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动 的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境……<br />
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在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大 门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统ー。那座大门 却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门 搏斗,ー支接ー支地吸烟,ー张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可 以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和 生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。<br />
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“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。<br />
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“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……”<br />
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在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一 个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充 满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风 雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出ー股韧性。为了 重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟 此时的心情。<br />
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整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉 的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法ーー“拱桥的两头 很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么 美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》）<br />
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实现这个迷人的想法,真是ー项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多 彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活 和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每ー 个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意 味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去 表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了……<br />
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又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还 有灯光。<br />
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这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴 山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟 弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧……<br />
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对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他 还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在 毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀!<br />
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天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休 息几天,回长春去过年吧。”<br />
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袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用〇第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制〇”<br />
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“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多 了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。”<br />
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提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能 在家待几天?”<br />
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画家说:“春节ー过,还得讨论画稿。这ー稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了〇”<br />
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兰英叹了一 口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……”<br />
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画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。”<br />
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兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?”<br />
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画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。<br />
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这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻 璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下ー个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹……<br />
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从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
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忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴 云笼罩着 <br />
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牛皮纸<br />
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春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。<br />
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绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机 场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材 料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、 冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
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参加《泼水节一生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶 来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传 统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
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脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月 的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。<br />
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兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的ー次 妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她 的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。<br />
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在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用 的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气 设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻 待在ー起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就 翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是 深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮エ。<br />
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好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院 时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是 出乎意料的,几个月以前的ー小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是 <br />
外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到 癌一恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不 是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意 识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务 的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢?<br />
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她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了 候机大楼,站在脚手架旁……<br />
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大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进 来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着ー 场真正的建设一脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着 画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到 了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额 垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出 的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在……<br />
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兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。 从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,ー个艺术赤子的オ华、 智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔 端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳 茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动 作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚 鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。 艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华!<br />
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站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。<br />
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兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺 术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得 到了精神的补偿。<br />
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这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查 有结果了吗?”<br />
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兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说<br />
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妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。”<br />
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“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
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Chapter Two<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对ー对 画稿上的人物动作。”<br />
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“好吧。”妻子应允了。<br />
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兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分 子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时 间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身 的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容……<br />
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几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的 一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为ー个外科 医生,如果给自己开ー张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切 除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时 机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的ー桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手 术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的 亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カー搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的 希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏 在心底很久很久了。<br />
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一声长笛,列车开走了,载着ー颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾 霭中 <br />
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袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过 墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,ー株热带丛林特有的 鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地 面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像 是在为自己的青春而骄傲……<br />
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环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画 家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对 墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。<br />
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洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女 表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江 里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。 “我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的 崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的ー种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维 纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的 崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况 他画的是神话传说而不是习俗……<br />
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看来,画家打错了主意?<br />
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在ー些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富 有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生 产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿 穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了 别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并 没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和 犯罪搅成一池浑水。<br />
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盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象 征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。<br />
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这并不显眼的一角却引来ー批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看 热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
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这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不題了。如 要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花 任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想 到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的ー场争论。<br />
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六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受 尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界 上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的ー班轻薄少年、 无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之 照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人 提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军 阀败北。<br />
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历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的ー桩旧案犹未了结<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思 想解放!”<br />
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他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人 帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。<br />
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舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的 绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用 进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时 的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事……<br />
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不是结尾<br />
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10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在 大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动……<br />
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首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获 得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁 画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞 歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次 文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来 到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。<br />
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国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁 说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人ー进入中国就有一个强烈 的印象,这种艺术是ー个国家国力的象征。”<br />
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日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉 朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉 得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……”<br />
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这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的 日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖 的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆 动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰 ー样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔……<br />
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呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化?<br />
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不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着 ー个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作 是坚定正确的表现。他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不 再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强 化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。<br />
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那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧?<br />
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只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。 直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从 她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她 静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无 望,只等待手术的判决……<br />
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ー个人站立起来了,另ー个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南 去的列车上ー见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也 不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、 贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术 经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下ー笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。<br />
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画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼 眶里滚动。<br />
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他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:ー种是诚实的艺术家;另 ー种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。<br />
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他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限 度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少ー些吗?<br />
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他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。<br />
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后记:<br />
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本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又辻了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世 事变迁未可尽述。<br />
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——作者<br />
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（原载《十月》1980年6月）<br />
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==卷一：10.热血男儿==<br />
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热血男儿<br />
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李士非<br />
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满腔的热血已经沸腾。<br />
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《国际歌》<br />
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ー、能见到袁庚吗?<br />
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在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天,蛇口エ业区和它的领导人袁庚,名扬国内外,越 来越引人注目。<br />
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但是,我接受写袁庚的任务,未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他,手头也没有 积累多少关于他的资料,而且听说采访他很困难:他是香港招商局常务副董事长 （人们因此亲切地称他为袁董）,大部分时间在香港,每到蛇口,都忙得不可开交, 实在抽不出时间接受采访。但是,过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观,听过介绍,看 过录像,袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣,接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口 来,这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。“能见到袁庚吗?”“即使见不到袁庚也要写!”所谓 “冒险”,无非是写不出或写不好,个人面子不好看罢了,比起袁庚和他的朋友们从 事改革所冒的风险,简直是微不足道的。<br />
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仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气,到这里待ー些日子也是值得的。<br />
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“如果你只能待很短的时间,我劝你趁早打退堂鼓,不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆 辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意,开弓没有回头箭,退堂鼓是 不好打的。<br />
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二、夜访梁宪<br />
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在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口,袁庚出国去了,说是7月底或8月初 才能回来。最了解他的ー个人,东江纵队时期就和他ー起工作,现任蛇口工业区顾 <br />
问的许智明,到澳大利亚探亲去了,归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同, “时间就是金钱,效率就是生命”,白天工作紧张,找人谈话很难,晚上访问也要事 先约定,因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰 上袁庚的儿子袁中印,《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意,他马 上说:“有什么好写的?这么多人写过了,要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受 了乃父的影响,不大欢迎采访。“慢慢来吧,我一定要找你的。”我心里说。<br />
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多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙,约定了 一天晚上9点钟去访问エ业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人,穿过海 滨花园,沐着海风,经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边,漫步走向梁宪的住 处。早已听说,他!962年毕业于中山大学外语系,是梁宗岱教授的高足,对法国文 学很有研究。果然,ー见之下,我就感到他是ー个充满艺术气质的人。<br />
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他掏出港币,买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客,然后和我们谈笑风生。<br />
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“你们是文人,我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人,她在中央戏剧学 院教书。我对她说:你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的,但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。 中国像你们这样的文人太多,像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一 句英语,“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙,黄虹坚ー时也 没反应过来,陈宜浩翻译说:“他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑 起来。<br />
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梁宪大学毕业的时候,老百姓正在饿肚子,大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法 国文学的尖子,后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作,比袁庚晚半 年多一点。袁庚很器重他,有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。<br />
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“我去香港的时候,老婆说:最怕你没骨气,没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是 有的,外派干部只要有一点热血,就不是追求几大件,而是感到抬不起头来!<br />
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“刚到香港,每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐,ー串串的,海上漂着偷渡者的尸 体,我们不能忍受,啪一声把电视关了。<br />
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“我们国内建设搞不好,连ー些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们, 心里真难受呀。所以,我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过:’我之所以这么干,是 为了实现我入党时的初衷。’”<br />
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一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿,梁宪又概括地说:<br />
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“我熟悉的人当中,有两个热血男儿,ー个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛,ー个就是 袁庚!”<br />
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好一个“热血男儿” !这个词太恰当了,把这两个人相提并论太好了,我不禁<br />
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怦然心动,觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。<br />
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也真巧,比我年长20岁的刘任涛,是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第 一流的眼科专家,共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长,曾为刘伯承元帅安过义 眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》,改行当了电影编剧,“文化大革命”中在珠 影被诬为“历史反革命”,打断五根肋骨,投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动 期间,他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明,不顾自己的政治处境,不顾没 有任何医疗条件,决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他:“万一失败,你就 是阶级报复,就会重进监狱。”他不听,他终于成功了。“作为医生,我拯救了我的 灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀,立下遗嘱:死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢 复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
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刘任涛和袁庚,经历和事业完全不同,但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身 精神,是多么相似呵!我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚,觉得对袁庚也开始熟 悉了。<br />
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三、“冒险家”<br />
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刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障,要冒风险。袁 庚在蛇口进行改革,要冒更大的风险:两年之前,不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影 地攻击经济特区嘛!<br />
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但是,时代毕竟不同了,今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月 9日,胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区,袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆,和总书记有一 段精彩的对话。<br />
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袁庚:关于改革问题,现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看,凡是搞改革 的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法,最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变 法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪,改良主义,结果六君子被 杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革,我想不会落得前人这样 的下场,我们是在党的领导下进行的,不会有问题吧,我们值得冒这个险!<br />
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胡耀邦:过去的改革是下层少数人去改,领导者、统治者是压制的。现在 不同,我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改,现在和过去根本不同嘛!<br />
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袁庚:我们感到,我们的干部是不大怕群众的,只怕顶头上司,怕上司不喜 欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说,我每次来蛇口,ー上码头,前呼后 拥的,下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒,就会忘乎所以,久而久之, 就不怕群众,不怕下级,因为群众、下级撤不了我的职,我只怕交通部,怕顶头 上司,只有他们才能撤我的职。<br />
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所以,群众监督干部,群众有权选举和罢免干部,这至关重要。我们这里 想搞个改革试点,管委会由群众选举产生,每年投一次信任票,如果不信任票 超过半数,管委会就得改选,个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公 开的、直接的,由群众投票选举的领导班子,就会想群众之所想,急群众之所 急,就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手,就有人自动送礼 上门,如果头脑不清醒,不能自律,就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装 懂,诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部,我相信可以改变一下干部的结 构和干部的作风。我们想做这样ー个不太小的改革,准备冒一点风险。<br />
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胡耀邦:（点头）好!很好!<br />
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袁庚:总书记说了好,我们就记录在案,马上打报告这样做。<br />
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胡耀邦:（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿,在哪 ー出戏里我忘记了,讽刺官僚主义者,他不敢骂台上的官,只敢骂戏台上堂前 的鼓。有一段唱词说:“一棵大树腹中空,两头都是皮儿绷,每天上堂敲三下, R卜咚ゆ咚又ゆ咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛!（全场大笑）<br />
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党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印,想到ー块去了,这在蛇口的发 展史上,是应当大书特书的。<br />
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1983年4月24日,选举产生了蛇口エ业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22 日,按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票?组干处处长虞 德海说:“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的,信任票不足半数就 得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决,一定要搞信任投票。” 投票结果,管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数,袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上,全 部投票公开,任人查阅,尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐,如“某某能力低”“某某 不堪信任”之类,也不加掩饰。<br />
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这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。<br />
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四、“那里不肯放,就辞职!”<br />
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选举产生领导班子,定期举行信任投票,这是袁庚深思熟虑的ー项决定。他深<br />
深感到,不改革干部制度,不改变干部结构,任何改革都无从谈起,“四化”也只是 一句空话。<br />
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有的领导干部,居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人:“你们大学建多大的桥?” 问来访的美国客人:“英国人讲英语,你们美国人讲什么语?”还有人向中央领导同 志汇报他到香港考察的收获:“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯!”如此等等,令人 啼笑皆非。这样的干部,怎能担当建设“四化”的重任!<br />
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蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地）,指挥部只有 二十多个干部的时候,袁庚就开始考虑如何培育ー支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命 化的干部队伍。1981年,他排除阻カ,毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班,从全国 各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说,“我是个冒险家,为了蛇口的改革,我从 全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。<br />
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当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员,委托交通部下属的交通科 学院情报所代为主持,在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、 江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。<br />
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王潮梁!938年出生于江苏无锡,1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计 专业。早在1958年,他就参考外国的资料,在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫 原理,并和同学们一道造出了样品,在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对 飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是,在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年 代,几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机エ厂飞机设 计室任产品主管设计员,那时生产要听驻厂军代表的,而军代表只相信苏联专家和 苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料,翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂, 即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂,也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚 子气,却毫无办法。岁月如流,王潮梁搞了 17年飞机设计,却看到我们的飞机エ业 比印度还落后;又研制了四年的飞翔船,却看不到一艘飞翔船下水,那种壮志难酬 的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会,唯一的名额给了业务上 根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培 训班招生的广告时,他兴奋极了,“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方,去!”立刻把广告 剪下来,郑重地贴在本子上。<br />
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他第一个走进考场,第一个走出考场。笔试、面试,成绩优良。主持考试的情 报所林鸿慈同志下了结论:这是个人才,录取！<br />
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但是,在中国有一个很大的矛盾:生产资料是全民所有制,干部却是单位私有 制。ー个单位可以把ー个或ー批人才冷藏ー辈子<br />
<br />
长江航运科研所不肯放人。<br />
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198I年11月,袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他,向他汇 报了招生的情况,特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。<br />
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袁庚很激动。<br />
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“小王是不是党员?”<br />
<br />
“不是。”<br />
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“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量,开个头,那里不肯放,就辞职!我这 里收。最多就是人家去告状,最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先 例。告到国务院,我们就把这个同志的情况报上去,中央领导会支持我们。新华社 社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开’干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人 在单位不充分发挥作用,又不让调,这个局面不打开是不成的!”<br />
<br />
林鸿慈被袁庚打动了,写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁,同时通过各种渠道 去做说服、疏通工作。终于,用不着王潮梁辞职,单位同意放人了。1982年,王潮 梁来到蛇口工业区。<br />
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五、企业管理研究生<br />
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1982年12月的一天晚上,ー个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
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这是一次事先约定的会见。<br />
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年轻人叫余昌民,刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清 华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生,工作了八九年,深感中国企业管理的弊病 太多,1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年, 专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息,《读卖新闻》为 此发了专稿,登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了,干什么好呢?学校建议他到国家 经委属下的中国企业研究协会去,这当然是个专业对口的美差,但是在武汉工作的 爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候,蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。他每星期上街 去买《深圳特区报》,得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝,如饥似渴地加以研 究。不难判断,蛇口エ业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去!决心下定了,系 里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会,经朋友介绍,他就来登门拜访了。<br />
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会面的一瞬间,两个人互相观察了一下。<br />
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“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗?穿件中式棉袄,和一般的老干部没啥差别,不 是想象中的那个改革家的模样,而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真 的值得?”<br />
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真正的一闪念,没容余昌民多想,袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
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谈话开门见山。<br />
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“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里?”<br />
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“在于体制。”<br />
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“对了!”袁庚兴奋起来,侃侃而谈,“上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦,说 他们要一千人,劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用,那七百是搭配的闲人,你再要, 就再搭配,再多余,反正是大锅饭,大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了,还说这是社会主义 的优越性!这样,工厂冗员越来越多,工厂成了小社会,在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的, 形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ,败坏着我们的民族素质!这样的体制不改革,我们 就没有出路!”<br />
<br />
“我的ー篇论文,提出了企业的素质问题。”<br />
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“有何高见?”<br />
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“素质,好比基本作用,像女排,形成了她们的基本作风,就有战斗カ。”<br />
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“就把ー个企业比作球队吧,假如你是教练,别人随便塞人给你,你怎么办?”<br />
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“我不要。”<br />
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“不要不行!”<br />
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“那我不干。”<br />
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“对了,就得这样。”<br />
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一老ー少,越谈越投机,彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处ー闪而过的那点 疑虑也完全打消了。<br />
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“我们这里可要冒点风险。”<br />
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“正因为这样オ要去,建设好了还去干什么?”<br />
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“你个人有什么要求?”<br />
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“只要求家属ー起去。”<br />
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“这个我们来办。”<br />
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两个月后,余昌民父亲去世,回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化,系里要留他。 企业管理系刚刚建立,工作需要,理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚 飞往蛇口,收不回来了。<br />
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1983年3月,袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客,系里派余昌民随行。系 领导的目的,是让校长对余昌民有个印象,说服他留下来,同时出面解决他家属的 户ロ问题。<br />
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谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口,袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有,余昌 民暗示要做刘达的工作。<br />
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余昌民再一次请求:“校长,让我来蛇口吧。”<br />
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“系里要我帮忙留你,我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。<br />
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袁庚一再要求支持:“刘达同志,把小余给我们吧,我们迫切需要企业管理的专 门人才。”<br />
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刘达心动了。这位参加过“ー二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
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回去后,余昌民给系里写了报告,对系里的教育培养表示感谢,说明清华企业 管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设,这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都 至关重要。<br />
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问题迎刃而解。7月,夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。<br />
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当余昌民到エ业区大楼报到的时候,在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉 着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口,边走边说:“你是研究企业管理的,你先熟悉ー 下情况,有把握了再谈工作……”<br />
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袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信,其中有一段话:<br />
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关于小余的事,同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失ー小余,无妨 大局,蛇口得之,如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下,エ业区将受其惠。<br />
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重感情的刘达,把这封信送给了余昌民,让他留作永久的纪念。<br />
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六、星期天的早晨<br />
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星期天早晨8点钟,顾立基刚起床,洗了脸,正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同 学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的,大家都熬了夜,现在让他们多睡一会儿 吧。顾立基轻手轻脚,唯恐弄出一点声音来。<br />
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“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗?”<br />
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门外传来ー个声音。顾立基一看,走廊上站着ー个六十多岁的老人和一个 姑娘。<br />
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“我就是顾立基,您是?”<br />
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“我是袁庚,蛇口的袁庚〇”老人首先伸出手来,“这是我女儿尼亚,她不放心我 的身体,一定要陪我来,其实我的身体还可以。你看,骑了半小时车子,轻松愉快。”<br />
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顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 他深受感动。<br />
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“我们到楼下谈吧,同学们还在睡觉。”<br />
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楼下有一张靠背长椅,三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨,不冷不热,阳光和煦, 轻风拂面,校园一片宁静的气氛。<br />
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“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会?”<br />
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“是的,现在会员有一千多人了,成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。”<br />
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“还听说你想当厂长?”<br />
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“您的信息很灵通啊,”顾立基笑了, “我是说过想当厂长,为此还惹过ー些麻 烦呢。”<br />
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“什么麻烦?”<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。”<br />
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“岂有此理!想当个厂长是什么野心!’不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’,这 是拿破仑说的还是谁说的? 一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对!”<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的,但是我感到中国更需要管理人才,所以主动旁听了企业管理 系研究生的全部课程。”<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧,我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班,要培养大量的管理人才。”<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像,我的心就动了,只是还没下定决心。”<br />
<br />
“现在呢?”<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了,去蛇口。”<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗?”<br />
<br />
有什么困难? 1982年的初夏,社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的,有人在 报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界,影射特区有变成租界的危险,造成一股无形的压 力,因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些,可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的 人在ー起,冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去,下属工厂任他挑选,这 些,对他有一定的吸引力。他自从!967年中学毕业,1968年进上海印染机械修配 厂,十年中当过锅炉エ、车エ、錠エ、钳エ、电エ,当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不 惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为,1974年顾立基和他们争吵过ー 次,挨了批斗,却受到工人们的同情,和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要 毕业了 ,朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查,他是材料组的负责 人,如果不来上大学,早就走上领导岗位了,现在回去,工作安排是不成问题的。但 是,陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大,他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的 是,母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房,姐妹们都在外地,母亲 希望他留在身边,爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口,使他动了感情,他滔 滔不绝地发起议论来。<br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办ー个工业区 呢?为了在那块地方搞改革,搞全面的改革,从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度,都 要改,不改就没有出路。过去三十年,极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。 1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候,海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体,都是青年,他们为什 么要跑?因为我们穷!<br />
<br />
“’四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’,越搞跑的人越多。ー些村子的青壮年几乎跑 光了,真叫人欲哭无泪!蛇口对面就是香港的元朗,相隔只有6000米,晴天能看到 它的高楼,它就是在我们’十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了, 必须把经济搞上去,这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公 里,对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛,我们改革成功了,对全国就有很大 的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛,无伤大局。当然,我们一定要尽最大的 努力,争取成功,避免失败。我们这ー代人是老了,当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时 候,时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……”<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动,身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚,望 着自己的父亲,眼睛也有点热了……<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来,当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书,1984年4月被聘为 办公室主任。<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚,因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口,听说顾立基6日 ー早要去香港,5日晚我去登门拜访。<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告,我为 了听这个报告,推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的,谁都可以听,欢迎你去。”ー见面 顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗?”<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难,他在蛇口不会待太久,一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告, 你最好陪他回宿舍ーー他儿子的住处,或者宾馆,这样边走边谈,可以谈十来分 钟……”<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗?<br />
<br />
不管怎样,先听听他的报告再说吧。<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半,袁庚的报告准时开始。<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影,大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。 今天这个会也叫新闻发布会,街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂,基本上坐满 了,放眼望过去,都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。<br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上, 顾立基主持大会。<br />
<br />
ー开始,袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕,只讲个把钟头。”<br />
<br />
人们笑了,其实怕的是他讲得太短。<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问,历时23天,访问了 4个国家、16个公司、18个城市,从新加坡 开始,往西到英国,再到美国、日本,整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处,受到隆重的、 破格的接待,我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们 四个人,而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化,在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到 做蛇口人的光荣。”<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张,出国访问要花自己的钱,花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、 软弱的地位。这次出访,他们带了 20万美金的信用卡,足够用了,所到之处都坚持 这个原则,唯独在新加坡失灵了。那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系,但新加 坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检,从飞机场ー直送到最高级的香格里拉大 酒店,袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前,这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫 人;在他之后,住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨）,每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观 什么项目,全部满足要求。临走结账时,酒店经理说:“在你们到来之前,已经有人 付了全部费用。”<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁,英国老板们在海员罢エ浪潮的 冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们,给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深 刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说:“我们原打算3年之内种植 20万株月季,把蛇口建成玫瑰之城,现在看来太落后了……”<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国,主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡,大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔,华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民,交给他一把金钥匙。女 市长在宴会上说:“我是百分之百的中国人,也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说:“我 很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判,就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过, “在经济问题上,兄弟无情,六亲不认!何况是与外国人谈判「’<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前,有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过 的曲折。<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日,袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件,大家听了很高兴,但我们不要高兴得过早。不 要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了,但官僚主义、 红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事,还是有的。例如我们正在谈判 的浮法玻璃厂,到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃,为什么不准我们用 最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ?最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局 交涉。她们去的时候,人家一口答应,讲你们回去好了,但等我们企业室派人带合 同去盖章的时候,又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干,他们讲:‘你们派了记 者、作家来,我敢不答应吗?弄得不好,你们要写报告文学,写内参,我受得了 吗,？……”<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨,交涉了九个月,オ过了国内这ー关。<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判,当然不可能用这么长的时间,但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想 而知的。<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂,简直是一座玻璃城!它生产各式各样 的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃,用25磅大锤从20米外打去,地皮都震动了,玻璃却安 然无恙。我们和美国合资,投资ー亿美元,引进一座同样的エ厂,买他的专利,以后 我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点,集中在每年所付专利费 占销售总额的百分比上。<br />
<br />
美方要6%,我们还价4% 〇<br />
<br />
美方降到5%,我们加到4.5%。<br />
<br />
寸利必争,形成僵局。<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。<br />
<br />
“先生们,我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针,2000年前发明了火药,全人类 <br />
都在享受这些伟大的成果,可是他们从来没有要过什么专利,我们作为后代从来没 有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋,而是觉得光荣。请问各位,那时候你们的祖先在哪 里?恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前,是不是毛特别多……”<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前,一个个咧嘴笑了。<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕,我的意思不是不付专利费,而是要求公平合理r’<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格,坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们,说不 定会抗议呢!“你骂我们的祖先,是可忍,孰不可忍ド’<br />
<br />
终于达成协议:4.75%,为期!0年。<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进ー个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂,专利 费是5% ,时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处,绝不能走 美国的路!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退,エ业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走,他们还 有点生气,现在停滞不前了。<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方,转移到太平洋 沿岸。<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了,现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈,今天 下午四点半ー踏上蛇口码头,就感到无比的清新,感到ー草一木都非常亲切。<br />
<br />
“10月1日,蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话,那是大家的 功劳！<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的,思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上,我们ー定要 赶上和超过他们!”<br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时,宣布散会了,大家意犹未尽。<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了,我放弃了跟上去的打算。<br />
<br />
ハ、“搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
8月7日,袁庚开了一整天会,据说8日也不会有空,而9日ー早又要回香港 了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上,我给他写了一封信,说明这一次 如果不能和他交谈,我将等待,直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨,我把这封信 交给了エ业区党委副书记乔胜利,请他转交。<br />
<br />
8日上午,我到办公大楼访问王潮梁,两人刚坐下来,办公室副主任黄振超匆<br />
<br />
匆忙忙地叫我:“袁董回来了,快去见他!”<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉,说明另改时间,急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的,中间隔着大块的透明玻璃,老远就看 见了袁庚,他手里正拿着一大摞文件。<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候,黄振超在旁边向他说明:“只是见见面,不会占你很多 时间。”<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说:<br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的?来搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了,而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。我 知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。梁宪说过,前几年在北京开会,有一天袁庚 看了张洁的小说《爱,是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章,问他:“你认识这个作家 吗?咱们把她请到蛇口去!”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所 了解的,“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。<br />
<br />
我也笑着说:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋,要写你和蛇口。”<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下,舒服地往藤椅上一靠,摆出了准备 谈ー阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好,这里问题多得 很,改革每前进ー步都要经过斗争,到处充满着矛盾。”<br />
<br />
我说:“正是这一点吸引了我。”<br />
<br />
“ー个国家没有民主是不行的,而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。 我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国,政治家演说,群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿 扔他,他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的,但这ー套对巩固资产阶级的统 治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底,孙中山是 想搞民主的,他死得太早,没搞成。中华民族是伟大的,但是历史的包袱太重了。”<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿,她在美国学企业管理,谈起来也说:在 美国深有感慨,感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重〇<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族,就没有什么框框,我在报告会上也说了,他们的总督牌香烟广 告有一句口号是’想做就去做’,这句话香港也接受不了,译成’应做就去做’〇当 然,想干什么就干什么是不行的,但我们许多应干的事却干不成。”<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历,他扼要地做了回答,着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命” 中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时,这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来,<br />
<br />
微笑着站在那里不动,我知道是催他去开会,我们的谈话该结束了。<br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志,我们马上又赶到 太子宾馆,和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢,对监狱内外情形 都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说:<br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨,出来就蔦儿了,可是他不,他的劲头反而更大了。”<br />
<br />
我心里说:这オ是袁庚!<br />
<br />
过了几天,乔胜利对陈宜浩说:“袁董看了我的信,答应下次回来再和我谈。” 可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。<br />
<br />
8月25日上午,我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息,急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联 系。但是太迟了,他过了中午又要回香港,而上午的时间已经排满,就在和我通话 的时候,他不得不放下电话去开门。他说:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧,不要紧的,我们没有秘密。”<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访,ー时想不齐全,只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字, 他ーー做了回答:“这些也要发表吗?”我说:“不一定发表。”他说:“发表也没关系, 那天我讲话外国人也听了。”<br />
<br />
我说:“将来排出校样,送给你看看好吗?免得事实有出入。”<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查,出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的,难免出点差 错。捅点娄子也不要紧。”<br />
<br />
“好了,谢谢您。”<br />
<br />
“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。<br />
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一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观,来到铝材厂门口时,他向学 员们介绍:这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人,23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起 来,大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停エ,ー个工人从高处摔下来受了伤,他的哥哥跑 过去看了看,见弟弟没有生命危险,便又回去干活了。<br />
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袁庚说:“日本不富没有天理!中国改革不富也没有天理!”<br />
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现在我想说:蛇口的改革不成功没有天理!<br />
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九、大鹏魂<br />
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66岁的袁庚,魁梧、潇洒,兼有外交家和实业家的风度,具有一种吸引人的魅 カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢?<br />
拨开历史的迷雾,我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。<br />
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他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园,算 是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。<br />
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1935年,他毕业于广州广雅中学,随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测 量员,他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校,陈济棠下台后,这家军校成了国民党中央军 校的分校。在学校里,袁庚是活跃的足球门将,练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕 业,他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官,ー个个腐化不堪,对民族危亡无动于衷,便愤 然回到故乡大鹏镇,担任第一小学校长,同时兼任地方自卫队教官。<br />
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学校是国民党办的,自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的,但是学校和自卫队中都有 中共地下党员。<br />
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戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚,在当地是ー个重要人物,三种政治力量对他都很 重视。<br />
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中共地下县委书记王文,和他住到ー起,亲自考察他。<br />
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革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
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1939年3月27日,袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党,从这ー 天起,他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。<br />
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当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党 的漫画,刺痛了国民党区党部,他的处境变得危险了,党组织于!939年冬天把他转 移到党领导的抗日游击队,从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子, 像大鹏ー样展翅高飞了。<br />
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抗日战争期间,美军作为盟军,在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组,担任东纵联 络处处长的袁庚,和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示,东纵和美 军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报,对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。<br />
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日寇投降时,英军远在缅甸,ー个海军少将只率领ー营人乘航空母舰赶到香 港。他的兵力不足以维持治安,要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央,中 央复电:为了对付国民党的内战阴谋,坚决撤离港九地区;同时要求在香港设立联 络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判,袁庚不辱使命,漂亮地完成了任务,并成为驻 香港办事处的第一任主任,这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能 想到,历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折,二十多年后,这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。<br />
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十、秦城监狱<br />
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1968年4月6日,袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家,到机关去上班。北京的4月 初,春寒料峭,风沙迷眼,加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报,形成一片肃杀气氛,使袁 庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作,刚告一段落,还来不及喘口气, 就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息,他于愤 懑中保持着镇定。<br />
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回到办公室不久,有人通知:“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门,看到 除部长之外,还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长,面孔板得像 ー座木雕。<br />
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“袁庚,你被捕了!”<br />
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下午,机关召开大会,部长在会上宣布:“袁庚是美国特务,已经依法逮捕。”袁 庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和 刘丹ー,互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周 总理安全的情景,记忆犹新,那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间,周旋于华侨社会 之中,眼睛熬红了,人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场,天理何在?!<br />
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与此同时,汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中,勒令交出所有的钥匙,开始抄家。 翻箱倒柜,从下午抄到天黑,然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时,オ发现三个 孩子被关在门外不准进家,左邻右舍也不敢收留,孩子们在抹眼泪……<br />
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从此以后,袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里,也不知是死是 活,到哪里打听都说不知道。!969年,汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校,孩 子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”,但作为“反革命家属”， 她只能干最脏最累的活,如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎,痛得胳膊抬 不起来,医生建议回北京治疗,干校就是不准。直到!972年初夏,她的大孩子中印 就要下乡插队了,她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服,打点行装,オ被批准。<br />
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1972年7月,袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后,有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去 探监。“他还活着,他还活着!”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。<br />
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汪宗谦心酸地发现,袁庚行走困难,说话声音也变了,而且他不知道当时是何 年何月！<br />
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原来监狱里日夜亮着灯,犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替,失去了时间的概念;<br />
睡觉时只准脸朝外,一条腿总是压在下边,时间长了造成萎缩;长期不讲话,声带都 沙哑了。<br />
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我曾经听说,袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西,只有放风时在天井里看到 墙根的小草。问他是不是这样,他说:<br />
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“不,还有蚂蚁,我对蚂蚁很有研究。”<br />
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这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量!<br />
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汪宗谦见过了袁庚,就为救他而奔走了。<br />
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“没见他不知道他死活,既然知道他还活着,我就怕他死了!问题还没搞清,死 了孩子们都得背黑锅呀!他住在楼上,要到楼下的天井放风,上下都很辛苦,我到 中央接待站去上访,请求把他搬到楼下来,这个要求被接受了。”<br />
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袁庚搬到楼下的ー间房,发现席子底下有一团花白的头发,他判断这里关过ー 个五十多岁的女同志。后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事,王光美 说:“没错,正是我住过的那间房。”<br />
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袁庚出狱,已是1973年9月30日,整整关了 5年半。<br />
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在狱中,睡觉时只要一转身,看守就在外边敲门。夜晚,敲门声常常把人惊醒。 袁庚回到家里,刚一入睡就惊醒了,这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年,这种心悸 病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能,却用了更长的时间。每天,汪宗谦搀 着袁庚,ー步,ー步,慢慢地走,越走越远,越走越快,走了一年之久,两条腿オ恢复 了平衡。<br />
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更可悲的是,有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子,出来不会走直路了,一走就 转圈,连马路也不能过。人啊,人！人的尊严到哪里去了！<br />
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经过一年多的休养治疗,1975年,袁庚被分配到交通部,当了外事局副局长。<br />
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ー恢复工作,袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体ー样活跃起来。<br />
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恢复工作之前,袁庚骑自行车上街,总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道,“不能开 慢点吗” !恢复工作之后,自己也坐上了小汽车,有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了, “不能靠边骑吗” !他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化,在心里警告自己道: “可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀!”<br />
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多年来,这成了他的一个信条。<br />
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十ー、香港第一课<br />
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1978年,做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚,以花甲之年改行搞经济,被派<br />
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到香港招商局担任副董事长。<br />
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招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日,招商局 香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱,从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。 历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长,所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。 从李鸿章算起,袁庚是第29任了。<br />
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香港招商局在极'左‘思想影响之下,经营单一,困守一隅,搞了几十年没有什 么发展。袁庚到任,根据中央定下的“以航运为中心,立足港澳,背靠内地,面向海 外,多种经营,工商结合,买卖结合”的方针,以铁腕大力整顿。<br />
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袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说:<br />
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“我到香港的第一课,就是买了一座大楼,非常便宜,只花了 6180万（港币）。 第一次交订金时,支票2000万。那天是星期五,当时讲好下午2点钟,在ー个律师 楼里,大家一手交钱,一手交货。我们开了 2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的 对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里,发动机都没有停。ー上去之后,大 家一手交货,一手交钱,签字。签完字,对方拿着支票,两个人夹住,下去了。剩下 ー个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度,马上存到银行里去了。 因为明天是礼拜六了,人家银行关门,礼拜天也关门,假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前 不到银行去交那个支票的话,他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支 票交给他。我们的财务去了,他回来向我们报告,他说当时那个场面是很动人的。 当然,我们闭着眼睛也能想到,资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重 视,当时浮动利息是!4厘,三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志,那就 无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去,回家。他没有这个观念!这就是香港第一课。 我也不怕自惭形秽,ー窍不通,我接触经济工作,仅仅是5年多前开始的。但ー开 始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多!招商局的子公司多的是,ー检查,发现支 票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了 ,换了一个华东 财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后,我就给他讲这个道理,ー个礼拜之内他就能够接 受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事,立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后,财源 滚滚而来。……这个’时间就是金钱’,不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我,其实 这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’,它说得比我还 厉害,时间重于金钱!”<br />
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招商局走上轨道,袁庚就考虑进ー步的发展了。1979年初,他和有关同志带 着在蛇口开发エ业区的蓝图,到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志 很感兴趣,当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给エ业区,袁庚还没有这个胆量,只要了<br />
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2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候,袁庚心里默默 地说:<br />
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“先念同志,签吧,您这ー笔下去,将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀!”<br />
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十二、淸新<br />
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1984年8月,蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅,迎面是ー架屏 风,正中间挂着一幅草书,苍劲流畅的书法,引人注目,细看那内容,更是气度非凡。 这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本,把它抄了下来。<br />
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登微波楼<br />
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微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
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时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
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宝安袁庚<br />
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我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
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我有同感。<br />
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蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
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六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
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晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
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啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
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十三、心血<br />
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清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
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ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
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1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
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这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
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施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
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午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
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下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
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厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
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的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
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我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
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我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
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龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
<br />
“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
<br />
“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
<br />
“你有什么打算?”<br />
<br />
“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
<br />
“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
<br />
“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
<br />
在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
<br />
十五、激动的工程师<br />
<br />
7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
<br />
蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
<br />
边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
<br />
“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
<br />
的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
<br />
“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
<br />
46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
<br />
他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
<br />
王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
<br />
袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
<br />
管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
<br />
当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
<br />
“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
<br />
“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
<br />
“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
<br />
“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
<br />
“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
<br />
“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
<br />
“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
<br />
“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
<br />
“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
<br />
了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
<br />
父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
<br />
“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
<br />
当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
<br />
“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
<br />
“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
<br />
“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
<br />
“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
<br />
第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
<br />
12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
<br />
1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
<br />
王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
<br />
“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
<br />
“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
<br />
“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
<br />
“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
<br />
“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
<br />
“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
<br />
“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
<br />
王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
<br />
十六、年轻的总经理<br />
<br />
一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
<br />
说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
<br />
“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
<br />
只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
<br />
她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
<br />
“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
<br />
“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
<br />
“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
<br />
“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=154924Report CN EN 032023-03-21T09:46:28Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：5.痴情 */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情==<br />
<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with long hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old, civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies are always covered; whereas in the West, people love nudity, which seems to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个一丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there is a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush, painted a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting is not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, have you ever thought that some of us will cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us will stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, will come like snowflakes. You may even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Are you fearless, or seized by a whim? You're out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he is painting.<br />
<br />
他站在ー间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着ー支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着ー张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stands in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looks disheveled, and his bosom is stained with different colors. His hair is long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there is a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exaxtly do you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound train<br />
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风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it is today. The platforms were clean, the corriders were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着一头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the southern regions of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North...<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
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An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
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对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
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“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像ー块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and a black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with the excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man -- that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes..."<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me..."<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help knitting the brows -- the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"A business trip? Or visiting family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
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The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student in Suzhou Medical College."<br />
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小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
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The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
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姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
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A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone..."<br />
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小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
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The young man asked with concern: "What..."<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
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"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break..."<br />
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“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
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"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
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The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
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“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
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"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
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“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
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"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
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“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
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"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man."<br />
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画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神……”<br />
The painter smiled: "It is not too difficult to draw like the real thing. Resemblance in spirit is better than resemblance in form. We emphasize conveying the spirit of the characters by drawing them."<br />
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“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
"So I don't understand art..."<br />
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“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
"I guess you must like art."<br />
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“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
"Yes. I like to look at it, including paintings and books."<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
They turned to a conversation about art, moving from aesthetics to literature, and finding more topics in literature. They talked about Tolstoy's ''Anna Karenina'', Balzac's ''Father Goriot'', Charlotte Bronte's ''Jane Eyre'', and Stendhal's ''The Red and the Black''...<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多 少欢聚与悲离的故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉ー线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小 桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小 伙子,而是ー个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么 给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
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出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的 傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐 调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样 那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为ー个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身 汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是ー个有抱负、有オ华的人!”<br />
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画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
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姑娘点了点头。<br />
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画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简 直像ー个拙笨的新手。好半天,オ抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来ー看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要 逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这 副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真 的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已 不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会” 了画家的灵犀。<br />
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画纸的一角是签名和年月ーー袁运生,画于!964年2月。<br />
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画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
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姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
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“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信<br />
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地址?”<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
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火车抵达浦口,他们已经像ー对熟识的老朋友了。从ー个艺术型的医学院学 生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他 们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
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画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依 依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空ー样清 澈,像江水ー样深沉……<br />
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呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江 交织起来的ー见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
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在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,ー只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认 真地涂抹着油彩,画出ー个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己 的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
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这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家 闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐ー样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
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看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰 恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父 亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年 除タ送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出ー批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小 型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。 稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的 艺术功底。<br />
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当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来ー副舉脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
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哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,ー个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人需要有 个性。”<br />
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1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
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如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画 派。这是!9世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画 就像一部小说或ー出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派 运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝 圣者像请佛ー样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画 派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
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他像奔跑在艺术山野里的小鹿,ー头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
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袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考 试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件和艺术才能 的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖 カ气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严 格的训练——<br />
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挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们 是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与 被画者保持绝对的耐性。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面”,画上一整天,只画了半个头 像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履 的中年人走过来,这是礼聘来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出 满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供 同学们观摩。<br />
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这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉 柯夫教学体系。袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀一苏联 在中国土地上开办的艺术エ厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
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苏联专家的宠儿,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手 不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺 术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生 来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
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但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容 易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
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苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便 朝那里走去。他停在ー帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来ー阵电灼 般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
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这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜 映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的 感情,像酒ー样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
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看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛 苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生一向日葵,仿佛摇 身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探 求……这哪里是绘画呀,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每ー线条和每一色块 都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
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袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被ー支锐利的艺术之 箭射穿了。<br />
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他回到宿舍,ー头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高オ生转瞬间变成 西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
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宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地 问:“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
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“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作 品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
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他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在 一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的 基础。有这个就够了。下ー步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚。<br />
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他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过 程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧 上了天,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际 上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在 干着什么蠢事呀?……<br />
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袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
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好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,ー个几亿人的 社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎。<br />
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从那以后,他变得不大安分了, ー头温驯的伏尔加式的小鹿,现出烈性马驹的 本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标〇<br />
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目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
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从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里 之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭ー张学生 证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶 子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹……<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
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长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象カ!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人, 栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱 翔 <br />
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他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。 他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条 表现出高超的魅力。<br />
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站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他 的思绪如抛出的ー缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作 两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近 求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从 东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
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祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
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虎丘<br />
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兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩 柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
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姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
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她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中 回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认 识ー下,如果手头有照片,请寄来ー张。<br />
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兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选ー张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。 这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息 ー样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
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兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以 后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些 年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有 点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
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此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人 占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想 象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的 眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不 容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,ー见钟 情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜 蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
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学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在 肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
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“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄 起话筒,ー惊一喜一那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
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兰英极カ掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,ー阵风似的跑到 学校的门口。<br />
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画家站在那里,手中照例拿着ー个速写本。<br />
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“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
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“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
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“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
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“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……”<br />
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兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春 岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意 味着向人生的ー个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
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“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
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“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
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当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
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和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深” 〇沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池 澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈 静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
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这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在ー起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她 觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
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“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
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“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
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可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术 他对这ー带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而 倾倒。<br />
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前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画 家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到 对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去,仿佛在祝福这ー对美 好的情侣。突然,ー股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
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这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林 的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰ー样醉红,双唇像微微绽 开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰 尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己 ー样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后 ー瞬 <br />
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“兰英,我要告诉你ー件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是’右 派’厂’<br />
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霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
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孤岛上<br />
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到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。!957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
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他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的 实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。 这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了 幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
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小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾 的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派 脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体,心情是焦渴的。当 蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家 生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
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小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左 右,オ有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
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“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好 啦……”<br />
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他看完报纸ー扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生 活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块 和线条的运用。<br />
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年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队 的宣传干事带到ー间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
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“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
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“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
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“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
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“为什么?”<br />
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“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查。你们学校填写了 两份材料,你的情况单纯。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
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袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是ー种荣幸,既然生活当中存在 这样ー些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过 了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加 以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
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“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放 炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
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不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情 调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活 见鬼!中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
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不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
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北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷,使 海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书 记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头,有碍“百花齐放”〇袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
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袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中 国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? ー连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
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有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像ー个漏了税的走私犯接受 审讯。<br />
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摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名一“反苏” 〇<br />
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究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然 他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
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他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他ー挥手:“请你到外 面等一会儿。”<br />
<br />
他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听 见屋里在争论。<br />
<br />
有人说:“够了……<br />
<br />
有人说:“还不够…<br />
<br />
有人说:“态度还好<br />
<br />
他的好友在替他争辩,另ー些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉 默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
<br />
“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
<br />
政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色一红与黑。点朱 泼墨,二者居其ー,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不 同,观点对立,照样用黑笔ー勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
<br />
晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
<br />
哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
<br />
“我是’右派’了。”<br />
<br />
“呵?”哥哥大吃ー惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
<br />
“我没犯错误。”<br />
<br />
“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
<br />
“他们说我是,就是啰。”<br />
<br />
“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
<br />
“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
<br />
哥哥望着他那单纯的面孔,望着他嘴上柔软的茸毛,心缩紧了,欲哭无泪。他 只有18岁呀!被践踏而感觉痛苦的人是不幸的;被践踏尚且不懂得痛苦的人又是 多么可悲哪!他太年轻了,还没来得及向生活伸出触角,一旦他那稚嫩的敏感的神 经末梢感觉到痛楚,他能活下去吗?<br />
<br />
他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山 造湖,兴修水库,ー颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场 面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地 指挥部,请求一边干活ー边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人 来访。<br />
<br />
又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他ー个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌 午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃 地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝 惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
<br />
可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受 改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。 只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成 呵斥的嗓门,ー张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了一仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
<br />
他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
<br />
过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后 来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
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小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活,学校当局不再 放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他オ感到了痛 苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷 中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出 ー串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
<br />
屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床 前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
<br />
他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是ー种负担。我 需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
<br />
新月<br />
<br />
タ阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透 明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对 青年男女。<br />
<br />
这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们ー页ー页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初 恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像ー阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只 残忍的巨手ー挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严 峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择。<br />
<br />
在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的ー 群,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以 “杀气腾腾煽风点火”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下 没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对 他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁 愿与鬼贼联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
<br />
在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每ー个姑娘 都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵ーー询 问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,エ资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和 间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称ー称。爱情的内容转变了,转变 为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义。<br />
<br />
兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血 管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽 得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富 贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色 的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
<br />
兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气。因此,她 还不懂得利害。<br />
<br />
政治运动对姑娘来说,像ー场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来 得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些 了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些 “右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她 还时常听到这样的告诫:有オ华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现 实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不 断得到强化。<br />
<br />
抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的 嘲讽。<br />
<br />
眼前的画家又是ー个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离 经叛道的歧路,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为 政治问题?为什么要让ー个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛 献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家 不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇 气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的オ华……什么是オ华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它 是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘 喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下ー颗蓝色 的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提 起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
<br />
画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子,也是有限的宽恕,一 切还同过去ー样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
<br />
“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
<br />
“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
<br />
“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
<br />
这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到 足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激 动的光辉:“世上有オ华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏 看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
<br />
难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把オ华糟蹋得像ー块抹布的年月里,这句话,他 不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子 无オ便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,オ华再也不是令知识分 子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火 焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
<br />
兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市 的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费カ气地 获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝 沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究 竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯 灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被 搞得阴阳颠倒！ ー时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到ー颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙ー样晶莹闪烁。<br />
<br />
兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
<br />
画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
<br />
“喜欢。”<br />
<br />
“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
<br />
“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
<br />
画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝里滚动。<br />
<br />
ー弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一 尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
<br />
画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做 人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进 行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的 苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
<br />
双桥<br />
<br />
当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具 的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢一充当囚犯, 颠沛流离,饱尝辛酸……<br />
<br />
翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
<br />
我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石礙,弓 着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下ー闪ー闪。<br />
<br />
这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但 是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是 最年轻的ー个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石礙,ー拉就是一天。<br />
<br />
二十几个人住在ー间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里 两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。 几年前,在他们头顶上发生的那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄 默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成 为ー门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向 两极。<br />
<br />
袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头ー个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,ー头畜力转眼 间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻 找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
<br />
他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能 像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就 运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着 他。试问,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射 的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙 的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变 形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那 样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展 示了情景交融的空间ーー略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
<br />
他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵 他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多 张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着 既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
<br />
住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举 止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的 学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
<br />
“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画 吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去「’<br />
<br />
这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府 里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
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一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义 的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着 人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
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散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特 儿是清痺的、憔悴的,ー副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出ー个美的灵 魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
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“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
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这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
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ー个被撤职的党委书记,ー个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下 扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
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雨纷纷<br />
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画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业 分配。<br />
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东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻 掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南 鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降 临头上。<br />
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兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有 篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
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当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋 友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
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姑娘一五ー十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住。<br />
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兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象カ,把故事编得像田园牧 歌ー样美妙 <br />
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“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
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“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
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“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子〇”<br />
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“那个人干什么的?”<br />
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“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
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“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英 将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
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但是,在学校的ー间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒 的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主 义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去 的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
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兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了<br />
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“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样ー个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣 个黑锅背ー辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
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“我乐意……”<br />
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“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍 白,四肢麻木,像是ー个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的 姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴 的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
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更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她, 好像她做了什么亏心事。ー颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使 她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
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她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨一爸爸生前的战友。<br />
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阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
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兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方 设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空ー样阴郁。<br />
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“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说;我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
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她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
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西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨 非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
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兰英的眉心舒展了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
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“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢,”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍ー个男<br />
朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证 会喜欢他……”<br />
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兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
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阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养 感情嘛……”<br />
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姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进ー团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲 径好像布满陷阱。ー种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。 给你!”<br />
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兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节 奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
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回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰 英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
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“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
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“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好 好谈谈吧……”<br />
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晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
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“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们 党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
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姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
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“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分 子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们ー些好处。打个比喻吧,好 比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那 些人再好,也不能使用。你多想ー想吧……”<br />
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姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头ー次听说,在政策的背后 还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
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这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所 醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。ー个势单力孤的女 子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他 吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰 尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情 愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为ー个农 家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来 时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像 断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
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第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看ー 看就会明白的。”<br />
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这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到ー篇文 章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么 呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的ー小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的 题目 <br />
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水乡记忆<br />
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“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
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“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
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“我先尝尝一哈,又香又脆!”<br />
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“放开肚皮吧,反正不花钱……”<br />
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袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼 声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
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这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回 到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择ー处乡土气息 浓厚的地区深入生活,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓 库隔壁的ー间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏 杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传ロ号消失了,生理本能 在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满 几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是ー出率先占有填充 材料的喜剧。<br />
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袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
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“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
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“别理他!”<br />
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这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预ー 下也无可厚非。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
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然而,夜间的梦寐并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理 解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的 心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
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回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,ー股不可遏制的创作冲动驱 使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去ー个晚上的 时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
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他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小 呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
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他把行李卷、画布和油彩,ー股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型 文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积 着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上ー摊,不 分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两 个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
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这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
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《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画 家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的 分数都不肯给。<br />
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水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
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画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有 玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
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看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。ー 个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开ー张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。ー个 淳朴的小女孩刚オ卖掉ー只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看 被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔 下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着ー桩桩美好的故事ーー人们 在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
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桥下是ー泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相 擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在 船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
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这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时 更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚 强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举 世无双的韧性一走向明天!<br />
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谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁 的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪 夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的 语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
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当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有 人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。 作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视 的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用 西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘 出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩,年画的敦厚朴实和壁 画的装饰趣味。<br />
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把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为ー炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿 了吧！<br />
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但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放 废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的 后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀 把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门 的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把 它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
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离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取 缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该 被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着ー堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不 画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指 责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的 路口只亮着ー盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
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中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我 可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出 作者的艺术才能。”<br />
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只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可 怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家 应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世一其中也 包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
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月台边<br />
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兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
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阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力 的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟 他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子,还会累及子女。<br />
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那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘 与画家结合的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的 人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来 的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
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这是ー场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
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阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效カ,递过ー支笔、ー张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
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兰英接过纸笔。<br />
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她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表 示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家 能够得到另ー个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后ー个字,信纸上满是斑斑 泪痕。<br />
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阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你 不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
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“本来就是被迫的「’兰英没好气地说。<br />
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阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
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兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷 吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语 言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将 把信撕得粉碎,ー赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净 <br />
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兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
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画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条 件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
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姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
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对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
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“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
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学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个 长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
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火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风 光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人 头攒动的月台上,她ー眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
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兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。 但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑 娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
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画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
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“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什 么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
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姑娘把旅行袋往前ー递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听 懂是什么意思。<br />
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“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑ー趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日 子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
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明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何 是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解一那些无尽无休的劝说、挑 唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
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兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有 同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同 财产,是一条印花双人床单。在ー间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪 式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫 近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
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人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
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兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽 容一除了东北三省之外,其他任何ー个城市都行。实心眼儿的姑娘把手指放在 地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山 海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
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她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀 和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一 度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条 件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着ー块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身 来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生 活无法自理。直到这时,她オ感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
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画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到ー份工作,又赶到唐山,好 不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户ロ的证件。至此,他们已经两地分 居六年了。<br />
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兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年 了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西ーー优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青 春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了 巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。 耿耿银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
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陋室铭<br />
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破木桌上摊开ー张纸片,ー只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了 圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱 子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
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这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还 是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
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小屋只有!4平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, ー排大连铺占去三分之ニ的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间 是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
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眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这 个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好 几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所 听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
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兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
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兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食 堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不 发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝 糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头ー样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那 些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
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家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物 价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买 不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱ー个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
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他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
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“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
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“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
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妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服ロ袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
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儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
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过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
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画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
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儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚オ他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤 肉颠得没影了……<br />
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“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
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儿子也笑了。ー场精神上的欢笑代替了假日的会餐。<br />
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在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门 面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现 代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处 境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得 很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到 家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
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在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似 的想点办法?”<br />
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“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
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“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合 过得去……”<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
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妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题ー搁,永远不再提起。<br />
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兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们 家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥ー顿饱ー顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的 换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环 境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣 服洗一洗吧。”<br />
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“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干ー场。<br />
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他把床单和衣服泡了满满ー盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他ー忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;ー忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
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他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板 凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
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兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过ー丝苦笑。<br />
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画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
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一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚 子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,ー共跳了多 少次?，，<br />
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画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
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兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪一整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。<br />
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干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
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天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入 睡;儿子ー沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手 抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另ー只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
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漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
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兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为 人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为ー个正直的画家的妻子的全部 甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕 耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还 被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦 楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
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她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙<br />
爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
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车轮下<br />
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袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱 地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
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兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为ー家人做早饭。<br />
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画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
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兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺ー躺。”画家匆匆吃过 早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
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在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过ー场大雪,北风ー刮,马路上结 着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
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画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜 劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命的时刻。<br />
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人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
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穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽 听ー阵隆隆的马达声。ー辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。 速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人 带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的 传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
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街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
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卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。 卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团 儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
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这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸ロー轧,就 算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃 脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
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按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同 情一预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦 的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。 即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头一抗争！<br />
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接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡 车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车 咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人 们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
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“千万不能倒下「’画家想,“ー倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
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卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反<br />
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应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
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画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
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抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天<br />
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ォ清醒过来。<br />
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兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾ー切地赶到医院。存车的时 候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙 怎么也拔不出来。<br />
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存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚オ进医院的时<br />
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候,自己还能走路。"<br />
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兰英这オ觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
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兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫 妻双双躺在床上。<br />
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孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和<br />
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女儿一人捧回ー包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
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儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
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女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
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兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早<br />
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地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心 灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿 <br />
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画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰<br />
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问。他们留下ー百块钱赔偿经济损失一画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
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客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
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兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看ー<br />
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眼也令人伤心。<br />
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画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
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“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
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画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知<br />
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道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民ーー我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去「’<br />
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这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是ー个贫病交困的人的 最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对ー些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那 样遥远,拼着性命オ能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼 痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘 寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
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数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情 目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
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袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的 印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
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袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花 甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,ー举ー动都受到街道居委 会的监视。<br />
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袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没 有什么值得高兴的一中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路 线走ー遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽 然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
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江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上 挂着一幅画框,嵌着ー张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那 张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到 使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
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袁运生打开画夹,把ー组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的 牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人 物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的 笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
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“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真 诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
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袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨 的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风 中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手ー丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
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画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于!974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白 描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
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江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他 说:“呵,黄河! ー泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声 音……"<br />
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春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了 !<br />
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担担画<br />
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“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
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美术界ー些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头 角,施展オ华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任 河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各 种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是ー个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。 这个磨砺精深的艺术家,就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
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乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
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在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现 了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,ー头不驯服的长发 如垂下万根烦恼丝。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁 了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
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他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
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兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
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兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议 事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就 是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
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1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机 会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
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他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了 妻子,全家人像过节ー样快乐<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
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“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
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女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
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“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
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他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
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兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
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丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注ー掷了 !”<br />
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是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举 动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一 个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使ー颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴ー样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
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晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,ー针针,ー线线,直缝到天 色薄明。<br />
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“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
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“三个月吧。”画家说,“你ー个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
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妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
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这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府一景洪。他被西双版纳惊 人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林 绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水 晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁 着珠光宝气。<br />
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有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天 堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾 洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
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他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地。招待所的服务人员很 有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进ー间中等客房。<br />
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画家开ロ就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
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服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
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“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
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“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
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“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
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他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下ー步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各<br />
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的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
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幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出 的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
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云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族 的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
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好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的 背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有!40多斤重。小伙子看了直 抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
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袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
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瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
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奏鸣曲<br />
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瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
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呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
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那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝ー样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
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就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
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西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰 富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住 兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在ー棵树 前,一画就是一整天。<br />
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“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
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“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古 老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
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袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。 每ー笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家 的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小 虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理 昧 <br />
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中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来オ深有感 受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
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画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在ー起的<br />
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他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情 而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
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每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。 晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛 着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗 条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
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“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银 铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她 们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露ー截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使 她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后ー盘,自然地溜向ー 边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
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少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来ー阵阵悠扬 的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在 纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
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诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就 在苦苦思索ー个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
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美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出 你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
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面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我 感受却不尽相同。ー百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,ー百种不同的表现方法。<br />
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艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。<br />
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从夏末到中秋,他在ー串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勧定的一个偏僻的 小村寨。<br />
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这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上 开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本 寨的荣耀。<br />
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同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无カ同病魔 斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是 “鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者ー商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那<br />
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些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
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“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的ー 瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精 粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的 请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起 画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
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小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的 经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂 痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在ー起进餐,然后由男方挑着担 子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱 护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像ー泓溪 水那样清澈。<br />
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一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清 脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的 手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
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这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在 古老的贝叶经里的传说一从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘 据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑 娘们生出ー计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头ー沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒 醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。 一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使 自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
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晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这 万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
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广为流传的神话传说,往往是ー个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到 的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑 海里汇集,逐渐熔化为ー团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳 美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地 多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西 双版纳。这是ー个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、 秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条一单纯与丰富高度和谐地统ー!<br />
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他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的 独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。 那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的ー组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
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昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘 绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
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公主啊!<br />
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你是ー颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
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但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
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把宝石镶在我的心上 <br />
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他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
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二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
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袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
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兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心 开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画 不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
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画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失 火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
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其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们 忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
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画家在长春的ー个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁 愕然了。<br />
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这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰 英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出ー个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗 震棚挪动着……<br />
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显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的 艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
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朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那<br />
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位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道<br />
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壁画之梦<br />
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不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白 皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的 空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀ー样扑朔不定。他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。他搞不 清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里……<br />
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昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的 画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。ー抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳 光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从 梦境回到了现实的世界。<br />
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这是!979年1月,在北京白家庄。<br />
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袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水 晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候 机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍 特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成 了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建 筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业 技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理 者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和エ艺 美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得 到了推荐,也在被邀请之列〇<br />
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随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热 度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使ー些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑 文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否 定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以 免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对 稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单ー些,拿他的 话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。”<br />
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袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节一生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻<br />
辑和客观条件应运而生的。<br />
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候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的ー块地 方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙 壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美 的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心 中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝 叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴 的哲理。他决定挨弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。”<br />
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主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思 毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在 以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知 命运如何?<br />
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袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是 工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动 的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境……<br />
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在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大 门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统ー。那座大门 却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门 搏斗,ー支接ー支地吸烟,ー张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可 以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和 生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。<br />
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“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。<br />
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“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……”<br />
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在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一 个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充 满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风 雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出ー股韧性。为了 重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟 此时的心情。<br />
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整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉 的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法ーー“拱桥的两头 很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么 美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》）<br />
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实现这个迷人的想法,真是ー项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多 彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活 和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每ー 个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意 味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去 表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了……<br />
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又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还 有灯光。<br />
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这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴 山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟 弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧……<br />
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对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他 还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在 毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀!<br />
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天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休 息几天,回长春去过年吧。”<br />
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袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用〇第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制〇”<br />
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“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多 了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。”<br />
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提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能 在家待几天?”<br />
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画家说:“春节ー过,还得讨论画稿。这ー稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了〇”<br />
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兰英叹了一 口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……”<br />
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画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。”<br />
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兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?”<br />
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画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。<br />
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这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻 璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下ー个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹……<br />
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从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
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忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴 云笼罩着 <br />
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牛皮纸<br />
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春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。<br />
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绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机 场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材 料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、 冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
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参加《泼水节一生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶 来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传 统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
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脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月 的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。<br />
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兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的ー次 妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她 的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。<br />
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在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用 的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气 设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻 待在ー起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就 翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是 深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮エ。<br />
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好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院 时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是 出乎意料的,几个月以前的ー小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是 <br />
外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到 癌一恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不 是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意 识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务 的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢?<br />
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她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了 候机大楼,站在脚手架旁……<br />
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大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进 来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着ー 场真正的建设一脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着 画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到 了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额 垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出 的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在……<br />
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兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。 从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,ー个艺术赤子的オ华、 智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔 端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳 茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动 作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚 鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。 艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华!<br />
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站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。<br />
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兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺 术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得 到了精神的补偿。<br />
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这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查 有结果了吗?”<br />
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兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说<br />
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妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。”<br />
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“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
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Chapter Two<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对ー对 画稿上的人物动作。”<br />
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“好吧。”妻子应允了。<br />
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兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分 子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时 间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身 的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容……<br />
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几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的 一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为ー个外科 医生,如果给自己开ー张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切 除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时 机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的ー桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手 术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的 亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カー搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的 希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏 在心底很久很久了。<br />
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一声长笛,列车开走了,载着ー颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾 霭中 <br />
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袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过 墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,ー株热带丛林特有的 鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地 面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像 是在为自己的青春而骄傲……<br />
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环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画 家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对 墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。<br />
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洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女 表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江 里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。 “我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的 崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的ー种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维 纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的 崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况 他画的是神话传说而不是习俗……<br />
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看来,画家打错了主意?<br />
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在ー些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富 有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生 产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿 穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了 别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并 没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和 犯罪搅成一池浑水。<br />
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盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象 征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。<br />
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这并不显眼的一角却引来ー批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看 热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
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这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不題了。如 要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花 任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想 到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的ー场争论。<br />
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六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受 尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界 上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的ー班轻薄少年、 无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之 照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人 提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军 阀败北。<br />
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历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的ー桩旧案犹未了结<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思 想解放!”<br />
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他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人 帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。<br />
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舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的 绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用 进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时 的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事……<br />
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不是结尾<br />
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10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在 大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动……<br />
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首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获 得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁 画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞 歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次 文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来 到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。<br />
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国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁 说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人ー进入中国就有一个强烈 的印象,这种艺术是ー个国家国力的象征。”<br />
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日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉 朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉 得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……”<br />
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这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的 日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖 的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆 动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰 ー样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔……<br />
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呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化?<br />
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不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着 ー个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作 是坚定正确的表现。他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不 再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强 化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。<br />
<br />
那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧?<br />
<br />
只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。 直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从 她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她 静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无 望,只等待手术的判决……<br />
<br />
ー个人站立起来了,另ー个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南 去的列车上ー见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也 不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、 贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术 经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下ー笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。<br />
<br />
画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼 眶里滚动。<br />
<br />
他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:ー种是诚实的艺术家;另 ー种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。<br />
<br />
他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限 度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少ー些吗?<br />
<br />
他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。<br />
<br />
后记:<br />
<br />
本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又辻了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世 事变迁未可尽述。<br />
<br />
——作者<br />
<br />
（原载《十月》1980年6月）<br />
<br />
==卷一：10.热血男儿==<br />
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热血男儿<br />
<br />
李士非<br />
<br />
满腔的热血已经沸腾。<br />
<br />
《国际歌》<br />
<br />
ー、能见到袁庚吗?<br />
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在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天,蛇口エ业区和它的领导人袁庚,名扬国内外,越 来越引人注目。<br />
<br />
但是,我接受写袁庚的任务,未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他,手头也没有 积累多少关于他的资料,而且听说采访他很困难:他是香港招商局常务副董事长 （人们因此亲切地称他为袁董）,大部分时间在香港,每到蛇口,都忙得不可开交, 实在抽不出时间接受采访。但是,过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观,听过介绍,看 过录像,袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣,接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口 来,这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。“能见到袁庚吗?”“即使见不到袁庚也要写!”所谓 “冒险”,无非是写不出或写不好,个人面子不好看罢了,比起袁庚和他的朋友们从 事改革所冒的风险,简直是微不足道的。<br />
<br />
仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气,到这里待ー些日子也是值得的。<br />
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“如果你只能待很短的时间,我劝你趁早打退堂鼓,不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆 辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意,开弓没有回头箭,退堂鼓是 不好打的。<br />
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二、夜访梁宪<br />
<br />
在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口,袁庚出国去了,说是7月底或8月初 才能回来。最了解他的ー个人,东江纵队时期就和他ー起工作,现任蛇口工业区顾 <br />
问的许智明,到澳大利亚探亲去了,归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同, “时间就是金钱,效率就是生命”,白天工作紧张,找人谈话很难,晚上访问也要事 先约定,因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰 上袁庚的儿子袁中印,《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意,他马 上说:“有什么好写的?这么多人写过了,要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受 了乃父的影响,不大欢迎采访。“慢慢来吧,我一定要找你的。”我心里说。<br />
<br />
多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙,约定了 一天晚上9点钟去访问エ业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人,穿过海 滨花园,沐着海风,经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边,漫步走向梁宪的住 处。早已听说,他!962年毕业于中山大学外语系,是梁宗岱教授的高足,对法国文 学很有研究。果然,ー见之下,我就感到他是ー个充满艺术气质的人。<br />
<br />
他掏出港币,买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客,然后和我们谈笑风生。<br />
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“你们是文人,我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人,她在中央戏剧学 院教书。我对她说:你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的,但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。 中国像你们这样的文人太多,像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一 句英语,“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙,黄虹坚ー时也 没反应过来,陈宜浩翻译说:“他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑 起来。<br />
<br />
梁宪大学毕业的时候,老百姓正在饿肚子,大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法 国文学的尖子,后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作,比袁庚晚半 年多一点。袁庚很器重他,有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。<br />
<br />
“我去香港的时候,老婆说:最怕你没骨气,没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是 有的,外派干部只要有一点热血,就不是追求几大件,而是感到抬不起头来!<br />
<br />
“刚到香港,每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐,ー串串的,海上漂着偷渡者的尸 体,我们不能忍受,啪一声把电视关了。<br />
<br />
“我们国内建设搞不好,连ー些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们, 心里真难受呀。所以,我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过:’我之所以这么干,是 为了实现我入党时的初衷。’”<br />
<br />
一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿,梁宪又概括地说:<br />
<br />
“我熟悉的人当中,有两个热血男儿,ー个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛,ー个就是 袁庚!”<br />
<br />
好一个“热血男儿” !这个词太恰当了,把这两个人相提并论太好了,我不禁<br />
<br />
怦然心动,觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。<br />
<br />
也真巧,比我年长20岁的刘任涛,是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第 一流的眼科专家,共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长,曾为刘伯承元帅安过义 眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》,改行当了电影编剧,“文化大革命”中在珠 影被诬为“历史反革命”,打断五根肋骨,投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动 期间,他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明,不顾自己的政治处境,不顾没 有任何医疗条件,决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他:“万一失败,你就 是阶级报复,就会重进监狱。”他不听,他终于成功了。“作为医生,我拯救了我的 灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀,立下遗嘱:死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢 复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
<br />
刘任涛和袁庚,经历和事业完全不同,但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身 精神,是多么相似呵!我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚,觉得对袁庚也开始熟 悉了。<br />
<br />
三、“冒险家”<br />
<br />
刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障,要冒风险。袁 庚在蛇口进行改革,要冒更大的风险:两年之前,不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影 地攻击经济特区嘛!<br />
<br />
但是,时代毕竟不同了,今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月 9日,胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区,袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆,和总书记有一 段精彩的对话。<br />
<br />
袁庚:关于改革问题,现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看,凡是搞改革 的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法,最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变 法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪,改良主义,结果六君子被 杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革,我想不会落得前人这样 的下场,我们是在党的领导下进行的,不会有问题吧,我们值得冒这个险!<br />
<br />
胡耀邦:过去的改革是下层少数人去改,领导者、统治者是压制的。现在 不同,我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改,现在和过去根本不同嘛!<br />
<br />
袁庚:我们感到,我们的干部是不大怕群众的,只怕顶头上司,怕上司不喜 欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说,我每次来蛇口,ー上码头,前呼后 拥的,下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒,就会忘乎所以,久而久之, 就不怕群众,不怕下级,因为群众、下级撤不了我的职,我只怕交通部,怕顶头 上司,只有他们才能撤我的职。<br />
<br />
所以,群众监督干部,群众有权选举和罢免干部,这至关重要。我们这里 想搞个改革试点,管委会由群众选举产生,每年投一次信任票,如果不信任票 超过半数,管委会就得改选,个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公 开的、直接的,由群众投票选举的领导班子,就会想群众之所想,急群众之所 急,就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手,就有人自动送礼 上门,如果头脑不清醒,不能自律,就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装 懂,诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部,我相信可以改变一下干部的结 构和干部的作风。我们想做这样ー个不太小的改革,准备冒一点风险。<br />
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胡耀邦:（点头）好!很好!<br />
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袁庚:总书记说了好,我们就记录在案,马上打报告这样做。<br />
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胡耀邦:（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿,在哪 ー出戏里我忘记了,讽刺官僚主义者,他不敢骂台上的官,只敢骂戏台上堂前 的鼓。有一段唱词说:“一棵大树腹中空,两头都是皮儿绷,每天上堂敲三下, R卜咚ゆ咚又ゆ咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛!（全场大笑）<br />
<br />
党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印,想到ー块去了,这在蛇口的发 展史上,是应当大书特书的。<br />
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1983年4月24日,选举产生了蛇口エ业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22 日,按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票?组干处处长虞 德海说:“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的,信任票不足半数就 得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决,一定要搞信任投票。” 投票结果,管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数,袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上,全 部投票公开,任人查阅,尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐,如“某某能力低”“某某 不堪信任”之类,也不加掩饰。<br />
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这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。<br />
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四、“那里不肯放,就辞职!”<br />
<br />
选举产生领导班子,定期举行信任投票,这是袁庚深思熟虑的ー项决定。他深<br />
深感到,不改革干部制度,不改变干部结构,任何改革都无从谈起,“四化”也只是 一句空话。<br />
<br />
有的领导干部,居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人:“你们大学建多大的桥?” 问来访的美国客人:“英国人讲英语,你们美国人讲什么语?”还有人向中央领导同 志汇报他到香港考察的收获:“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯!”如此等等,令人 啼笑皆非。这样的干部,怎能担当建设“四化”的重任!<br />
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蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地）,指挥部只有 二十多个干部的时候,袁庚就开始考虑如何培育ー支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命 化的干部队伍。1981年,他排除阻カ,毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班,从全国 各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说,“我是个冒险家,为了蛇口的改革,我从 全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。<br />
<br />
当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员,委托交通部下属的交通科 学院情报所代为主持,在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、 江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。<br />
<br />
王潮梁!938年出生于江苏无锡,1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计 专业。早在1958年,他就参考外国的资料,在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫 原理,并和同学们一道造出了样品,在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对 飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是,在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年 代,几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机エ厂飞机设 计室任产品主管设计员,那时生产要听驻厂军代表的,而军代表只相信苏联专家和 苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料,翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂, 即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂,也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚 子气,却毫无办法。岁月如流,王潮梁搞了 17年飞机设计,却看到我们的飞机エ业 比印度还落后;又研制了四年的飞翔船,却看不到一艘飞翔船下水,那种壮志难酬 的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会,唯一的名额给了业务上 根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培 训班招生的广告时,他兴奋极了,“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方,去!”立刻把广告 剪下来,郑重地贴在本子上。<br />
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他第一个走进考场,第一个走出考场。笔试、面试,成绩优良。主持考试的情 报所林鸿慈同志下了结论:这是个人才,录取！<br />
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但是,在中国有一个很大的矛盾:生产资料是全民所有制,干部却是单位私有 制。ー个单位可以把ー个或ー批人才冷藏ー辈子<br />
<br />
长江航运科研所不肯放人。<br />
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198I年11月,袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他,向他汇 报了招生的情况,特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。<br />
<br />
袁庚很激动。<br />
<br />
“小王是不是党员?”<br />
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“不是。”<br />
<br />
“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量,开个头,那里不肯放,就辞职!我这 里收。最多就是人家去告状,最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先 例。告到国务院,我们就把这个同志的情况报上去,中央领导会支持我们。新华社 社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开’干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人 在单位不充分发挥作用,又不让调,这个局面不打开是不成的!”<br />
<br />
林鸿慈被袁庚打动了,写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁,同时通过各种渠道 去做说服、疏通工作。终于,用不着王潮梁辞职,单位同意放人了。1982年,王潮 梁来到蛇口工业区。<br />
<br />
五、企业管理研究生<br />
<br />
1982年12月的一天晚上,ー个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
<br />
这是一次事先约定的会见。<br />
<br />
年轻人叫余昌民,刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清 华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生,工作了八九年,深感中国企业管理的弊病 太多,1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年, 专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息,《读卖新闻》为 此发了专稿,登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了,干什么好呢?学校建议他到国家 经委属下的中国企业研究协会去,这当然是个专业对口的美差,但是在武汉工作的 爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候,蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。他每星期上街 去买《深圳特区报》,得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝,如饥似渴地加以研 究。不难判断,蛇口エ业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去!决心下定了,系 里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会,经朋友介绍,他就来登门拜访了。<br />
<br />
会面的一瞬间,两个人互相观察了一下。<br />
<br />
“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗?穿件中式棉袄,和一般的老干部没啥差别,不 是想象中的那个改革家的模样,而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真 的值得?”<br />
<br />
真正的一闪念,没容余昌民多想,袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
<br />
谈话开门见山。<br />
<br />
“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里?”<br />
<br />
“在于体制。”<br />
<br />
“对了!”袁庚兴奋起来,侃侃而谈,“上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦,说 他们要一千人,劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用,那七百是搭配的闲人,你再要, 就再搭配,再多余,反正是大锅饭,大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了,还说这是社会主义 的优越性!这样,工厂冗员越来越多,工厂成了小社会,在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的, 形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ,败坏着我们的民族素质!这样的体制不改革,我们 就没有出路!”<br />
<br />
“我的ー篇论文,提出了企业的素质问题。”<br />
<br />
“有何高见?”<br />
<br />
“素质,好比基本作用,像女排,形成了她们的基本作风,就有战斗カ。”<br />
<br />
“就把ー个企业比作球队吧,假如你是教练,别人随便塞人给你,你怎么办?”<br />
<br />
“我不要。”<br />
<br />
“不要不行!”<br />
<br />
“那我不干。”<br />
<br />
“对了,就得这样。”<br />
<br />
一老ー少,越谈越投机,彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处ー闪而过的那点 疑虑也完全打消了。<br />
<br />
“我们这里可要冒点风险。”<br />
<br />
“正因为这样オ要去,建设好了还去干什么?”<br />
<br />
“你个人有什么要求?”<br />
<br />
“只要求家属ー起去。”<br />
<br />
“这个我们来办。”<br />
<br />
两个月后,余昌民父亲去世,回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化,系里要留他。 企业管理系刚刚建立,工作需要,理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚 飞往蛇口,收不回来了。<br />
<br />
1983年3月,袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客,系里派余昌民随行。系 领导的目的,是让校长对余昌民有个印象,说服他留下来,同时出面解决他家属的 户ロ问题。<br />
<br />
谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口,袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有,余昌 民暗示要做刘达的工作。<br />
<br />
余昌民再一次请求:“校长,让我来蛇口吧。”<br />
<br />
“系里要我帮忙留你,我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。<br />
<br />
袁庚一再要求支持:“刘达同志,把小余给我们吧,我们迫切需要企业管理的专 门人才。”<br />
<br />
刘达心动了。这位参加过“ー二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
<br />
回去后,余昌民给系里写了报告,对系里的教育培养表示感谢,说明清华企业 管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设,这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都 至关重要。<br />
<br />
问题迎刃而解。7月,夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。<br />
<br />
当余昌民到エ业区大楼报到的时候,在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉 着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口,边走边说:“你是研究企业管理的,你先熟悉ー 下情况,有把握了再谈工作……”<br />
<br />
袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信,其中有一段话:<br />
<br />
关于小余的事,同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失ー小余,无妨 大局,蛇口得之,如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下,エ业区将受其惠。<br />
<br />
重感情的刘达,把这封信送给了余昌民,让他留作永久的纪念。<br />
<br />
六、星期天的早晨<br />
<br />
星期天早晨8点钟,顾立基刚起床,洗了脸,正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同 学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的,大家都熬了夜,现在让他们多睡一会儿 吧。顾立基轻手轻脚,唯恐弄出一点声音来。<br />
<br />
“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗?”<br />
<br />
门外传来ー个声音。顾立基一看,走廊上站着ー个六十多岁的老人和一个 姑娘。<br />
<br />
“我就是顾立基,您是?”<br />
<br />
“我是袁庚,蛇口的袁庚〇”老人首先伸出手来,“这是我女儿尼亚,她不放心我 的身体,一定要陪我来,其实我的身体还可以。你看,骑了半小时车子,轻松愉快。”<br />
<br />
顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 他深受感动。<br />
<br />
“我们到楼下谈吧,同学们还在睡觉。”<br />
<br />
楼下有一张靠背长椅,三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨,不冷不热,阳光和煦, 轻风拂面,校园一片宁静的气氛。<br />
<br />
“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会?”<br />
<br />
“是的,现在会员有一千多人了,成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。”<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长?”<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊,”顾立基笑了, “我是说过想当厂长,为此还惹过ー些麻 烦呢。”<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦?”<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。”<br />
<br />
“岂有此理!想当个厂长是什么野心!’不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’,这 是拿破仑说的还是谁说的? 一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对!”<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的,但是我感到中国更需要管理人才,所以主动旁听了企业管理 系研究生的全部课程。”<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧,我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班,要培养大量的管理人才。”<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像,我的心就动了,只是还没下定决心。”<br />
<br />
“现在呢?”<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了,去蛇口。”<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗?”<br />
<br />
有什么困难? 1982年的初夏,社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的,有人在 报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界,影射特区有变成租界的危险,造成一股无形的压 力,因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些,可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的 人在ー起,冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去,下属工厂任他挑选,这 些,对他有一定的吸引力。他自从!967年中学毕业,1968年进上海印染机械修配 厂,十年中当过锅炉エ、车エ、錠エ、钳エ、电エ,当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不 惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为,1974年顾立基和他们争吵过ー 次,挨了批斗,却受到工人们的同情,和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要 毕业了 ,朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查,他是材料组的负责 人,如果不来上大学,早就走上领导岗位了,现在回去,工作安排是不成问题的。但 是,陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大,他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的 是,母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房,姐妹们都在外地,母亲 希望他留在身边,爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口,使他动了感情,他滔 滔不绝地发起议论来。<br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办ー个工业区 呢?为了在那块地方搞改革,搞全面的改革,从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度,都 要改,不改就没有出路。过去三十年,极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。 1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候,海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体,都是青年,他们为什 么要跑?因为我们穷!<br />
<br />
“’四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’,越搞跑的人越多。ー些村子的青壮年几乎跑 光了,真叫人欲哭无泪!蛇口对面就是香港的元朗,相隔只有6000米,晴天能看到 它的高楼,它就是在我们’十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了, 必须把经济搞上去,这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公 里,对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛,我们改革成功了,对全国就有很大 的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛,无伤大局。当然,我们一定要尽最大的 努力,争取成功,避免失败。我们这ー代人是老了,当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时 候,时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……”<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动,身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚,望 着自己的父亲,眼睛也有点热了……<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来,当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书,1984年4月被聘为 办公室主任。<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚,因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口,听说顾立基6日 ー早要去香港,5日晚我去登门拜访。<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告,我为 了听这个报告,推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的,谁都可以听,欢迎你去。”ー见面 顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗?”<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难,他在蛇口不会待太久,一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告, 你最好陪他回宿舍ーー他儿子的住处,或者宾馆,这样边走边谈,可以谈十来分 钟……”<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗?<br />
<br />
不管怎样,先听听他的报告再说吧。<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半,袁庚的报告准时开始。<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影,大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。 今天这个会也叫新闻发布会,街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂,基本上坐满 了,放眼望过去,都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。<br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上, 顾立基主持大会。<br />
<br />
ー开始,袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕,只讲个把钟头。”<br />
<br />
人们笑了,其实怕的是他讲得太短。<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问,历时23天,访问了 4个国家、16个公司、18个城市,从新加坡 开始,往西到英国,再到美国、日本,整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处,受到隆重的、 破格的接待,我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们 四个人,而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化,在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到 做蛇口人的光荣。”<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张,出国访问要花自己的钱,花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、 软弱的地位。这次出访,他们带了 20万美金的信用卡,足够用了,所到之处都坚持 这个原则,唯独在新加坡失灵了。那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系,但新加 坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检,从飞机场ー直送到最高级的香格里拉大 酒店,袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前,这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫 人;在他之后,住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨）,每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观 什么项目,全部满足要求。临走结账时,酒店经理说:“在你们到来之前,已经有人 付了全部费用。”<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁,英国老板们在海员罢エ浪潮的 冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们,给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深 刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说:“我们原打算3年之内种植 20万株月季,把蛇口建成玫瑰之城,现在看来太落后了……”<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国,主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡,大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔,华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民,交给他一把金钥匙。女 市长在宴会上说:“我是百分之百的中国人,也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说:“我 很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判,就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过, “在经济问题上,兄弟无情,六亲不认!何况是与外国人谈判「’<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前,有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过 的曲折。<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日,袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件,大家听了很高兴,但我们不要高兴得过早。不 要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了,但官僚主义、 红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事,还是有的。例如我们正在谈判 的浮法玻璃厂,到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃,为什么不准我们用 最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ?最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局 交涉。她们去的时候,人家一口答应,讲你们回去好了,但等我们企业室派人带合 同去盖章的时候,又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干,他们讲:‘你们派了记 者、作家来,我敢不答应吗?弄得不好,你们要写报告文学,写内参,我受得了 吗,？……”<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨,交涉了九个月,オ过了国内这ー关。<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判,当然不可能用这么长的时间,但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想 而知的。<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂,简直是一座玻璃城!它生产各式各样 的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃,用25磅大锤从20米外打去,地皮都震动了,玻璃却安 然无恙。我们和美国合资,投资ー亿美元,引进一座同样的エ厂,买他的专利,以后 我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点,集中在每年所付专利费 占销售总额的百分比上。<br />
<br />
美方要6%,我们还价4% 〇<br />
<br />
美方降到5%,我们加到4.5%。<br />
<br />
寸利必争,形成僵局。<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。<br />
<br />
“先生们,我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针,2000年前发明了火药,全人类 <br />
都在享受这些伟大的成果,可是他们从来没有要过什么专利,我们作为后代从来没 有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋,而是觉得光荣。请问各位,那时候你们的祖先在哪 里?恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前,是不是毛特别多……”<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前,一个个咧嘴笑了。<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕,我的意思不是不付专利费,而是要求公平合理r’<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格,坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们,说不 定会抗议呢!“你骂我们的祖先,是可忍,孰不可忍ド’<br />
<br />
终于达成协议:4.75%,为期!0年。<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进ー个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂,专利 费是5% ,时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处,绝不能走 美国的路!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退,エ业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走,他们还 有点生气,现在停滞不前了。<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方,转移到太平洋 沿岸。<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了,现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈,今天 下午四点半ー踏上蛇口码头,就感到无比的清新,感到ー草一木都非常亲切。<br />
<br />
“10月1日,蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话,那是大家的 功劳！<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的,思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上,我们ー定要 赶上和超过他们!”<br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时,宣布散会了,大家意犹未尽。<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了,我放弃了跟上去的打算。<br />
<br />
ハ、“搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
8月7日,袁庚开了一整天会,据说8日也不会有空,而9日ー早又要回香港 了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上,我给他写了一封信,说明这一次 如果不能和他交谈,我将等待,直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨,我把这封信 交给了エ业区党委副书记乔胜利,请他转交。<br />
<br />
8日上午,我到办公大楼访问王潮梁,两人刚坐下来,办公室副主任黄振超匆<br />
<br />
匆忙忙地叫我:“袁董回来了,快去见他!”<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉,说明另改时间,急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的,中间隔着大块的透明玻璃,老远就看 见了袁庚,他手里正拿着一大摞文件。<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候,黄振超在旁边向他说明:“只是见见面,不会占你很多 时间。”<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说:<br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的?来搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了,而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。我 知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。梁宪说过,前几年在北京开会,有一天袁庚 看了张洁的小说《爱,是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章,问他:“你认识这个作家 吗?咱们把她请到蛇口去!”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所 了解的,“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。<br />
<br />
我也笑着说:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋,要写你和蛇口。”<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下,舒服地往藤椅上一靠,摆出了准备 谈ー阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好,这里问题多得 很,改革每前进ー步都要经过斗争,到处充满着矛盾。”<br />
<br />
我说:“正是这一点吸引了我。”<br />
<br />
“ー个国家没有民主是不行的,而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。 我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国,政治家演说,群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿 扔他,他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的,但这ー套对巩固资产阶级的统 治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底,孙中山是 想搞民主的,他死得太早,没搞成。中华民族是伟大的,但是历史的包袱太重了。”<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿,她在美国学企业管理,谈起来也说:在 美国深有感慨,感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重〇<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族,就没有什么框框,我在报告会上也说了,他们的总督牌香烟广 告有一句口号是’想做就去做’,这句话香港也接受不了,译成’应做就去做’〇当 然,想干什么就干什么是不行的,但我们许多应干的事却干不成。”<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历,他扼要地做了回答,着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命” 中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时,这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来,<br />
<br />
微笑着站在那里不动,我知道是催他去开会,我们的谈话该结束了。<br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志,我们马上又赶到 太子宾馆,和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢,对监狱内外情形 都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说:<br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨,出来就蔦儿了,可是他不,他的劲头反而更大了。”<br />
<br />
我心里说:这オ是袁庚!<br />
<br />
过了几天,乔胜利对陈宜浩说:“袁董看了我的信,答应下次回来再和我谈。” 可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。<br />
<br />
8月25日上午,我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息,急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联 系。但是太迟了,他过了中午又要回香港,而上午的时间已经排满,就在和我通话 的时候,他不得不放下电话去开门。他说:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧,不要紧的,我们没有秘密。”<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访,ー时想不齐全,只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字, 他ーー做了回答:“这些也要发表吗?”我说:“不一定发表。”他说:“发表也没关系, 那天我讲话外国人也听了。”<br />
<br />
我说:“将来排出校样,送给你看看好吗?免得事实有出入。”<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查,出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的,难免出点差 错。捅点娄子也不要紧。”<br />
<br />
“好了,谢谢您。”<br />
<br />
“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。<br />
<br />
一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观,来到铝材厂门口时,他向学 员们介绍:这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人,23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起 来,大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停エ,ー个工人从高处摔下来受了伤,他的哥哥跑 过去看了看,见弟弟没有生命危险,便又回去干活了。<br />
<br />
袁庚说:“日本不富没有天理!中国改革不富也没有天理!”<br />
<br />
现在我想说:蛇口的改革不成功没有天理!<br />
<br />
九、大鹏魂<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚,魁梧、潇洒,兼有外交家和实业家的风度,具有一种吸引人的魅 カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢?<br />
拨开历史的迷雾,我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园,算 是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。<br />
<br />
1935年,他毕业于广州广雅中学,随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测 量员,他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校,陈济棠下台后,这家军校成了国民党中央军 校的分校。在学校里,袁庚是活跃的足球门将,练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕 业,他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官,ー个个腐化不堪,对民族危亡无动于衷,便愤 然回到故乡大鹏镇,担任第一小学校长,同时兼任地方自卫队教官。<br />
<br />
学校是国民党办的,自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的,但是学校和自卫队中都有 中共地下党员。<br />
<br />
戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚,在当地是ー个重要人物,三种政治力量对他都很 重视。<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文,和他住到ー起,亲自考察他。<br />
<br />
革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
<br />
1939年3月27日,袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党,从这ー 天起,他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。<br />
<br />
当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党 的漫画,刺痛了国民党区党部,他的处境变得危险了,党组织于!939年冬天把他转 移到党领导的抗日游击队,从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子, 像大鹏ー样展翅高飞了。<br />
<br />
抗日战争期间,美军作为盟军,在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组,担任东纵联 络处处长的袁庚,和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示,东纵和美 军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报,对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。<br />
<br />
日寇投降时,英军远在缅甸,ー个海军少将只率领ー营人乘航空母舰赶到香 港。他的兵力不足以维持治安,要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央,中 央复电:为了对付国民党的内战阴谋,坚决撤离港九地区;同时要求在香港设立联 络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判,袁庚不辱使命,漂亮地完成了任务,并成为驻 香港办事处的第一任主任,这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能 想到,历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折,二十多年后,这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。<br />
<br />
十、秦城监狱<br />
<br />
1968年4月6日,袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家,到机关去上班。北京的4月 初,春寒料峭,风沙迷眼,加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报,形成一片肃杀气氛,使袁 庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作,刚告一段落,还来不及喘口气, 就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息,他于愤 懑中保持着镇定。<br />
<br />
回到办公室不久,有人通知:“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门,看到 除部长之外,还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长,面孔板得像 ー座木雕。<br />
<br />
“袁庚,你被捕了!”<br />
<br />
下午,机关召开大会,部长在会上宣布:“袁庚是美国特务,已经依法逮捕。”袁 庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和 刘丹ー,互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周 总理安全的情景,记忆犹新,那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间,周旋于华侨社会 之中,眼睛熬红了,人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场,天理何在?!<br />
<br />
与此同时,汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中,勒令交出所有的钥匙,开始抄家。 翻箱倒柜,从下午抄到天黑,然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时,オ发现三个 孩子被关在门外不准进家,左邻右舍也不敢收留,孩子们在抹眼泪……<br />
<br />
从此以后,袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里,也不知是死是 活,到哪里打听都说不知道。!969年,汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校,孩 子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”,但作为“反革命家属”， 她只能干最脏最累的活,如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎,痛得胳膊抬 不起来,医生建议回北京治疗,干校就是不准。直到!972年初夏,她的大孩子中印 就要下乡插队了,她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服,打点行装,オ被批准。<br />
<br />
1972年7月,袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后,有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去 探监。“他还活着,他还活着!”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。<br />
<br />
汪宗谦心酸地发现,袁庚行走困难,说话声音也变了,而且他不知道当时是何 年何月！<br />
<br />
原来监狱里日夜亮着灯,犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替,失去了时间的概念;<br />
睡觉时只准脸朝外,一条腿总是压在下边,时间长了造成萎缩;长期不讲话,声带都 沙哑了。<br />
<br />
我曾经听说,袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西,只有放风时在天井里看到 墙根的小草。问他是不是这样,他说:<br />
<br />
“不,还有蚂蚁,我对蚂蚁很有研究。”<br />
<br />
这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量!<br />
<br />
汪宗谦见过了袁庚,就为救他而奔走了。<br />
<br />
“没见他不知道他死活,既然知道他还活着,我就怕他死了!问题还没搞清,死 了孩子们都得背黑锅呀!他住在楼上,要到楼下的天井放风,上下都很辛苦,我到 中央接待站去上访,请求把他搬到楼下来,这个要求被接受了。”<br />
<br />
袁庚搬到楼下的ー间房,发现席子底下有一团花白的头发,他判断这里关过ー 个五十多岁的女同志。后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事,王光美 说:“没错,正是我住过的那间房。”<br />
<br />
袁庚出狱,已是1973年9月30日,整整关了 5年半。<br />
<br />
在狱中,睡觉时只要一转身,看守就在外边敲门。夜晚,敲门声常常把人惊醒。 袁庚回到家里,刚一入睡就惊醒了,这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年,这种心悸 病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能,却用了更长的时间。每天,汪宗谦搀 着袁庚,ー步,ー步,慢慢地走,越走越远,越走越快,走了一年之久,两条腿オ恢复 了平衡。<br />
<br />
更可悲的是,有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子,出来不会走直路了,一走就 转圈,连马路也不能过。人啊,人！人的尊严到哪里去了！<br />
<br />
经过一年多的休养治疗,1975年,袁庚被分配到交通部,当了外事局副局长。<br />
<br />
ー恢复工作,袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体ー样活跃起来。<br />
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恢复工作之前,袁庚骑自行车上街,总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道,“不能开 慢点吗” !恢复工作之后,自己也坐上了小汽车,有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了, “不能靠边骑吗” !他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化,在心里警告自己道: “可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀!”<br />
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多年来,这成了他的一个信条。<br />
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十ー、香港第一课<br />
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1978年,做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚,以花甲之年改行搞经济,被派<br />
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到香港招商局担任副董事长。<br />
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招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日,招商局 香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱,从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。 历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长,所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。 从李鸿章算起,袁庚是第29任了。<br />
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香港招商局在极'左‘思想影响之下,经营单一,困守一隅,搞了几十年没有什 么发展。袁庚到任,根据中央定下的“以航运为中心,立足港澳,背靠内地,面向海 外,多种经营,工商结合,买卖结合”的方针,以铁腕大力整顿。<br />
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袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说:<br />
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“我到香港的第一课,就是买了一座大楼,非常便宜,只花了 6180万（港币）。 第一次交订金时,支票2000万。那天是星期五,当时讲好下午2点钟,在ー个律师 楼里,大家一手交钱,一手交货。我们开了 2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的 对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里,发动机都没有停。ー上去之后,大 家一手交货,一手交钱,签字。签完字,对方拿着支票,两个人夹住,下去了。剩下 ー个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度,马上存到银行里去了。 因为明天是礼拜六了,人家银行关门,礼拜天也关门,假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前 不到银行去交那个支票的话,他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支 票交给他。我们的财务去了,他回来向我们报告,他说当时那个场面是很动人的。 当然,我们闭着眼睛也能想到,资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重 视,当时浮动利息是!4厘,三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志,那就 无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去,回家。他没有这个观念!这就是香港第一课。 我也不怕自惭形秽,ー窍不通,我接触经济工作,仅仅是5年多前开始的。但ー开 始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多!招商局的子公司多的是,ー检查,发现支 票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了 ,换了一个华东 财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后,我就给他讲这个道理,ー个礼拜之内他就能够接 受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事,立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后,财源 滚滚而来。……这个’时间就是金钱’,不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我,其实 这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’,它说得比我还 厉害,时间重于金钱!”<br />
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招商局走上轨道,袁庚就考虑进ー步的发展了。1979年初,他和有关同志带 着在蛇口开发エ业区的蓝图,到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志 很感兴趣,当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给エ业区,袁庚还没有这个胆量,只要了<br />
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2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候,袁庚心里默默 地说:<br />
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“先念同志,签吧,您这ー笔下去,将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀!”<br />
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十二、淸新<br />
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1984年8月,蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅,迎面是ー架屏 风,正中间挂着一幅草书,苍劲流畅的书法,引人注目,细看那内容,更是气度非凡。 这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本,把它抄了下来。<br />
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登微波楼<br />
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微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
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时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
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宝安袁庚<br />
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我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
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我有同感。<br />
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蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
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六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
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晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
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啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
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十三、心血<br />
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清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
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ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
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1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
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这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
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施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
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午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
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下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
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厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
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的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
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我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
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我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
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龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
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“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
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“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
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“你有什么打算?”<br />
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“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
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“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
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“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
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在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
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十五、激动的工程师<br />
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7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
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蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
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边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
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“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
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的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
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“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
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46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
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他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
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王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
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袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
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管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
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当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
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“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
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“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
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“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
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“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
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“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
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“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
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“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
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“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
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“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
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了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
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父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
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“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
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当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
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“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
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“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
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“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
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“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
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第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
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12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
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1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
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王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
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“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
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“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
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“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
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“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
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“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
<br />
“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
<br />
“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
<br />
王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
<br />
十六、年轻的总经理<br />
<br />
一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
<br />
说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
<br />
“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
<br />
只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
<br />
她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
<br />
“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
<br />
“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
<br />
“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
<br />
“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
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在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=154882Report CN EN 032023-03-19T11:10:38Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：5.痴情 */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情==<br />
<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with long hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old, civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies are always covered; whereas in the West, people love nudity, which seems to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个一丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there is a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush, painted a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting is not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, have you ever thought that some of us will cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us will stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, will come like snowflakes. You may even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Are you fearless, or seized by a whim? You're out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he is painting.<br />
<br />
他站在ー间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着ー支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着ー张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stands in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looks disheveled, and his bosom is stained with different colors. His hair is long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there is a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exaxtly do you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it is today. The platforms were clean, the corriders were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着ー头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the southern regions of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North…<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
一支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
An ordinary brush became a wonderful magic wand in the hand of the man, and he sketched out the mechanic's expression and features in a few strokes, looking like the real man.<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
For the general audience, like or unlike, is the highest standard of the art of painting. With these few strokes alone, half of the carriage admired him deeply.<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子投去一瞥,只觉眼前一团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像ー块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
"He is really something." The girl praised in her heart. Her eyes moved away from the sketch, cast a glance at the young man, only to feel black before her eyes: black cotton jacket, black cotton pants, black shoes, and a black, disheveled hair, all of which formed a heavy block of color, like a piece of lead blocked in front of the girl. But there was an exception: the boy's cotton jacket buttons didn’t buckle, and the purple collar of the underwear stuck out, twisted, which was very conspicuous.<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,一个蹩脚画家,连自己衣服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿——可笑!”<br />
<br />
The girl liked pastel and disliked black the most; moreover, it mixed with the excessive brightness. The two extreme shades appeared on the young man at the same time, so that the girl suddenly took a dislike to him: "Hum, a poor painter can’t even match his clothes in color. How can he learn to paint! Look how laddish he is. He probably is a technical school student, but he grows a handlebar moustache, pretending to be a man — that’s ridiculous!"<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
The girl walked away demurely.<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
A stewardess appeared in the carriage, helping passengers to place their luggage and keeping order in the carriage. The stewardess saw the girl sitting on a small seat near the window, so she came over and asked: "Comrade, you did not buy a sleeper ticket, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Yes…"<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来……”<br />
<br />
"That's okay." The stewardess said enthusiastically, "Look, how uncomfortable you are sitting here, and it also hinders others from coming and going. There are still empty beds in this carriage, please follow me…"<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头一皱——那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
The girl obediently followed the stewardess to the corner of the carriage. When she put the travel bag away and just sat down, she couldn’t help kniting the brows — the disgusting black mass blocked in front of her again.<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着什么。<br />
<br />
Apparently, the laddish painter also didn’t buy a sleeper ticket, and was sent here by the stewardess. At the moment, he was leaning against the opposite berth, still holding his sketchbook in his hand, looking out of the window at the mountains, rivers and fields that flashed by, and scribbling something in the book.<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端庄的、安然的。一个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
The girl deliberately turned her head away. After a while, she couldn't help looking at the sketchbook again. She was demure and peaceful. A grown-up girl, facing a man who looked younger than her, always had a sense of condescension; there were differences between the mature periods of the two sexes, which increased the girl's sense of superiority. She judged the curves sketched by the young man with the scrutinizing eyes of the elder. The girl's eyes seemed to say: "What can you draw when the train is running so fast!"<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪一站下车?”<br />
<br />
The young man closed his sketchbook, looked up and smiled at the girl: "At which stop do you get off?"<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
"Pukou." The girl said.<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
"A business trip? Or visiting family?"<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
The girl shook her head: "No, I'm a student in Suzhou Medical College."<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
The boy blinked: "Before the train moved, I saw a boy and a girl seeing you off at the station. They are your brother and sister, right?"<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
The girl nodded: "Mmm."<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
"Why didn't the adults come to see you off?"<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过一丝悲戚:“不在了……”<br />
<br />
A trace of sadness swept across the girl's face: "They were gone…"<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
The young man asked with concern: "What…"<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
"My parents worked in the army and both died later. My younger brother and sister were taken care of as the children of martyrs and sent to Beijing for school, so I take the opportunity to visit them during winter break…"<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
"Oh!" The young man said with emotion, "No wonder you are so close."<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪儿去?”<br />
<br />
The girl pondered for a moment, and suddenly thought that the young man had been paying attention to herself, observing very carefully, while she didn’t know anything about him. It was too unfair to answer one-sided questions. She blurted out: "Where are you going?"<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
"Nantong. Come back home." The young man said.<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
"You're a technical school student, right?"<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
"No."<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
"College student?"<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
"No. I have graduated for a long time."<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?” “中央美院。”<br />
<br />
"Which school did you graduate from?" "Central Academy of Fine Arts."<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
"Well!" The girl seemed have understood, "No wonder your painting looks so much like the real man."<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他 们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏 洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多 少欢聚与悲离的故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉ー线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小 桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小 伙子,而是ー个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么 给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的 傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐 调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样 那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为ー个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身 汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是ー个有抱负、有オ华的人!”<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简 直像ー个拙笨的新手。好半天,オ抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
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姑娘接过来ー看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要 逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这 副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真 的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已 不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会” 了画家的灵犀。<br />
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画纸的一角是签名和年月ーー袁运生,画于!964年2月。<br />
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画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
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姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
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“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信<br />
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地址?”<br />
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姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
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火车抵达浦口,他们已经像ー对熟识的老朋友了。从ー个艺术型的医学院学 生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他 们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
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画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依 依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空ー样清 澈,像江水ー样深沉……<br />
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呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江 交织起来的ー见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
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洛神赋<br />
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在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,ー只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认 真地涂抹着油彩,画出ー个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己 的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
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这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家 闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐ー样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
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看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰 恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父 亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年 除タ送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出ー批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小 型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。 稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的 艺术功底。<br />
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当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来ー副舉脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
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哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,ー个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人需要有 个性。”<br />
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1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
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如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画 派。这是!9世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画 就像一部小说或ー出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派 运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝 圣者像请佛ー样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画 派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
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他像奔跑在艺术山野里的小鹿,ー头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
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袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考 试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件和艺术才能 的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖 カ气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严 格的训练——<br />
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挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们 是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与 被画者保持绝对的耐性。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面”,画上一整天,只画了半个头 像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履 的中年人走过来,这是礼聘来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出 满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供 同学们观摩。<br />
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这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉 柯夫教学体系。袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀一苏联 在中国土地上开办的艺术エ厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
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苏联专家的宠儿,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手 不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺 术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生 来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
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但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容 易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
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苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便 朝那里走去。他停在ー帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来ー阵电灼 般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
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这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜 映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的 感情,像酒ー样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
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看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛 苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生一向日葵,仿佛摇 身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探 求……这哪里是绘画呀,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每ー线条和每一色块 都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
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袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被ー支锐利的艺术之 箭射穿了。<br />
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他回到宿舍,ー头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高オ生转瞬间变成 西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
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宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地 问:“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
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“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作 品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
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他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在 一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的 基础。有这个就够了。下ー步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚。<br />
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他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过 程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧 上了天,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际 上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在 干着什么蠢事呀?……<br />
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袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
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好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,ー个几亿人的 社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎。<br />
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从那以后,他变得不大安分了, ー头温驯的伏尔加式的小鹿,现出烈性马驹的 本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标〇<br />
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目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
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从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里 之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭ー张学生 证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶 子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹……<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
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长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象カ!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人, 栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱 翔 <br />
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他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。 他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条 表现出高超的魅力。<br />
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站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他 的思绪如抛出的ー缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作 两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近 求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从 东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
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祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
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虎丘<br />
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兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩 柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
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姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
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她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中 回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认 识ー下,如果手头有照片,请寄来ー张。<br />
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兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选ー张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。 这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息 ー样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
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兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以 后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些 年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有 点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
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此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人 占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想 象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的 眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不 容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,ー见钟 情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜 蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
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学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在 肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
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“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄 起话筒,ー惊一喜一那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
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兰英极カ掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,ー阵风似的跑到 学校的门口。<br />
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画家站在那里,手中照例拿着ー个速写本。<br />
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“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
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“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
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“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
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“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……”<br />
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兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春 岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意 味着向人生的ー个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
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“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
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“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
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当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
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和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深” 〇沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池 澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈 静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
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这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在ー起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她 觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
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“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
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“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
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可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术 他对这ー带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而 倾倒。<br />
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前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画 家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到 对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去,仿佛在祝福这ー对美 好的情侣。突然,ー股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
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这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林 的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰ー样醉红,双唇像微微绽 开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰 尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己 ー样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后 ー瞬 <br />
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“兰英,我要告诉你ー件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是’右 派’厂’<br />
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霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
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孤岛上<br />
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到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。!957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
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他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的 实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。 这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了 幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
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小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾 的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派 脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体,心情是焦渴的。当 蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家 生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
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小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左 右,オ有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
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“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好 啦……”<br />
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他看完报纸ー扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生 活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块 和线条的运用。<br />
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年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队 的宣传干事带到ー间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
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“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
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“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
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“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
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“为什么?”<br />
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“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查。你们学校填写了 两份材料,你的情况单纯。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
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袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是ー种荣幸,既然生活当中存在 这样ー些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过 了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加 以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
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“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放 炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
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不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情 调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活 见鬼!中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
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不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
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北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷,使 海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书 记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头,有碍“百花齐放”〇袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
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袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中 国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? ー连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
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有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像ー个漏了税的走私犯接受 审讯。<br />
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摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名一“反苏” 〇<br />
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究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然 他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
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他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他ー挥手:“请你到外 面等一会儿。”<br />
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他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听 见屋里在争论。<br />
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有人说:“够了……<br />
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有人说:“还不够…<br />
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有人说:“态度还好<br />
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他的好友在替他争辩,另ー些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉 默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
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“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
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政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色一红与黑。点朱 泼墨,二者居其ー,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不 同,观点对立,照样用黑笔ー勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
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晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
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哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
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“我是’右派’了。”<br />
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“呵?”哥哥大吃ー惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
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“我没犯错误。”<br />
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“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
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“他们说我是,就是啰。”<br />
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“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
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“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
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哥哥望着他那单纯的面孔,望着他嘴上柔软的茸毛,心缩紧了,欲哭无泪。他 只有18岁呀!被践踏而感觉痛苦的人是不幸的;被践踏尚且不懂得痛苦的人又是 多么可悲哪!他太年轻了,还没来得及向生活伸出触角,一旦他那稚嫩的敏感的神 经末梢感觉到痛楚,他能活下去吗?<br />
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他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山 造湖,兴修水库,ー颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场 面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地 指挥部,请求一边干活ー边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人 来访。<br />
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又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他ー个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌 午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃 地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝 惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
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可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受 改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。 只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成 呵斥的嗓门,ー张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了一仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
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他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
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过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后 来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
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小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活,学校当局不再 放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他オ感到了痛 苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷 中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出 ー串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
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屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床 前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
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他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是ー种负担。我 需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
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新月<br />
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タ阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透 明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对 青年男女。<br />
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这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们ー页ー页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初 恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像ー阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只 残忍的巨手ー挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严 峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择。<br />
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在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的ー 群,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以 “杀气腾腾煽风点火”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下 没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对 他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁 愿与鬼贼联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
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在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每ー个姑娘 都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵ーー询 问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,エ资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和 间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称ー称。爱情的内容转变了,转变 为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义。<br />
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兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血 管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽 得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富 贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色 的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
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兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气。因此,她 还不懂得利害。<br />
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政治运动对姑娘来说,像ー场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来 得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些 了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些 “右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她 还时常听到这样的告诫:有オ华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现 实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不 断得到强化。<br />
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抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的 嘲讽。<br />
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眼前的画家又是ー个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离 经叛道的歧路,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为 政治问题?为什么要让ー个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛 献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家 不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇 气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的オ华……什么是オ华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它 是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘 喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下ー颗蓝色 的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提 起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
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画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子,也是有限的宽恕,一 切还同过去ー样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
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“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
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“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
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“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
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这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到 足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激 动的光辉:“世上有オ华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏 看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
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难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把オ华糟蹋得像ー块抹布的年月里,这句话,他 不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子 无オ便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,オ华再也不是令知识分 子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火 焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
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兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市 的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费カ气地 获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝 沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究 竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯 灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被 搞得阴阳颠倒！ ー时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到ー颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙ー样晶莹闪烁。<br />
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兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
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画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
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“喜欢。”<br />
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“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
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“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
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画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝里滚动。<br />
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ー弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一 尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
<br />
画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做 人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进 行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的 苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
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双桥<br />
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当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具 的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢一充当囚犯, 颠沛流离,饱尝辛酸……<br />
<br />
翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
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我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石礙,弓 着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下ー闪ー闪。<br />
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这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但 是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是 最年轻的ー个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石礙,ー拉就是一天。<br />
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二十几个人住在ー间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里 两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。 几年前,在他们头顶上发生的那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄 默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成 为ー门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向 两极。<br />
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袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头ー个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,ー头畜力转眼 间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻 找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
<br />
他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能 像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就 运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着 他。试问,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射 的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙 的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变 形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那 样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展 示了情景交融的空间ーー略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
<br />
他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵 他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多 张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着 既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
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住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举 止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的 学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
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“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画 吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去「’<br />
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这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府 里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
<br />
一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义 的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着 人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
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散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特 儿是清痺的、憔悴的,ー副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出ー个美的灵 魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
<br />
“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
<br />
这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
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ー个被撤职的党委书记,ー个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下 扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
<br />
雨纷纷<br />
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画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业 分配。<br />
<br />
东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻 掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南 鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降 临头上。<br />
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兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有 篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
<br />
当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋 友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
<br />
姑娘一五ー十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住。<br />
<br />
兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象カ,把故事编得像田园牧 歌ー样美妙 <br />
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“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
<br />
“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
<br />
“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子〇”<br />
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“那个人干什么的?”<br />
<br />
“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
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“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英 将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
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但是,在学校的ー间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒 的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主 义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去 的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
<br />
兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了<br />
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“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样ー个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣 个黑锅背ー辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
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“我乐意……”<br />
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“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍 白,四肢麻木,像是ー个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的 姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴 的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
<br />
更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她, 好像她做了什么亏心事。ー颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使 她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
<br />
她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨一爸爸生前的战友。<br />
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阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
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兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方 设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空ー样阴郁。<br />
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“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说;我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
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她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
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西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨 非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
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兰英的眉心舒展了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
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“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢,”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍ー个男<br />
朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证 会喜欢他……”<br />
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兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
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阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养 感情嘛……”<br />
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姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进ー团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲 径好像布满陷阱。ー种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。 给你!”<br />
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兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节 奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
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回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰 英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
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“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
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“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好 好谈谈吧……”<br />
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晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
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“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们 党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
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“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分 子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们ー些好处。打个比喻吧,好 比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那 些人再好,也不能使用。你多想ー想吧……”<br />
<br />
姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头ー次听说,在政策的背后 还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
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这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所 醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。ー个势单力孤的女 子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他 吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰 尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情 愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为ー个农 家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来 时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像 断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
<br />
第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看ー 看就会明白的。”<br />
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这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到ー篇文 章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么 呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的ー小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的 题目 <br />
<br />
水乡记忆<br />
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“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
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“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
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“我先尝尝一哈,又香又脆!”<br />
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“放开肚皮吧,反正不花钱……”<br />
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袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼 声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
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这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回 到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择ー处乡土气息 浓厚的地区深入生活,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓 库隔壁的ー间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏 杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传ロ号消失了,生理本能 在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满 几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是ー出率先占有填充 材料的喜剧。<br />
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袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
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“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
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“别理他!”<br />
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这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预ー 下也无可厚非。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
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然而,夜间的梦寐并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理 解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的 心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
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回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,ー股不可遏制的创作冲动驱 使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去ー个晚上的 时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
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他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小 呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
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他把行李卷、画布和油彩,ー股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型 文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积 着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上ー摊,不 分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两 个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
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这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
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《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画 家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的 分数都不肯给。<br />
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水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
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画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有 玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
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看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。ー 个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开ー张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。ー个 淳朴的小女孩刚オ卖掉ー只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看 被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔 下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着ー桩桩美好的故事ーー人们 在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
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桥下是ー泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相 擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在 船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
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这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时 更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚 强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举 世无双的韧性一走向明天!<br />
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谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁 的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪 夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的 语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
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当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有 人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。 作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视 的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用 西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘 出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩,年画的敦厚朴实和壁 画的装饰趣味。<br />
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把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为ー炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿 了吧！<br />
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但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放 废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的 后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀 把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门 的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把 它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
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离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取 缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该 被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着ー堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不 画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指 责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的 路口只亮着ー盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
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中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我 可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出 作者的艺术才能。”<br />
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只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可 怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家 应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世一其中也 包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
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月台边<br />
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兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
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阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力 的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟 他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子,还会累及子女。<br />
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那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘 与画家结合的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的 人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来 的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
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这是ー场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
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阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效カ,递过ー支笔、ー张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
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兰英接过纸笔。<br />
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她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表 示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家 能够得到另ー个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后ー个字,信纸上满是斑斑 泪痕。<br />
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阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你 不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
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“本来就是被迫的「’兰英没好气地说。<br />
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阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
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兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷 吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语 言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将 把信撕得粉碎,ー赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净 <br />
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兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
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画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条 件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
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姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
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对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
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“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
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学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个 长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
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火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风 光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人 头攒动的月台上,她ー眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
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兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。 但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑 娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
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画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
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“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什 么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
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姑娘把旅行袋往前ー递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听 懂是什么意思。<br />
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“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑ー趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日 子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
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明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何 是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解一那些无尽无休的劝说、挑 唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
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兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有 同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同 财产,是一条印花双人床单。在ー间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪 式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫 近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
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人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
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兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽 容一除了东北三省之外,其他任何ー个城市都行。实心眼儿的姑娘把手指放在 地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山 海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
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她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀 和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一 度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条 件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着ー块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身 来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生 活无法自理。直到这时,她オ感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
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画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到ー份工作,又赶到唐山,好 不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户ロ的证件。至此,他们已经两地分 居六年了。<br />
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兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年 了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西ーー优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青 春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了 巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。 耿耿银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
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陋室铭<br />
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破木桌上摊开ー张纸片,ー只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了 圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱 子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
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这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还 是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
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小屋只有!4平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, ー排大连铺占去三分之ニ的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间 是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
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眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这 个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好 几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所 听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
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兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
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兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食 堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不 发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝 糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头ー样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那 些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
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家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物 价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买 不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱ー个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
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他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
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“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
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“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
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妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服ロ袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
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儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
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过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
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画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
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儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚オ他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤 肉颠得没影了……<br />
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“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
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儿子也笑了。ー场精神上的欢笑代替了假日的会餐。<br />
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在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门 面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现 代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处 境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得 很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到 家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
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在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似 的想点办法?”<br />
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“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
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“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合 过得去……”<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
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妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题ー搁,永远不再提起。<br />
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兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们 家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥ー顿饱ー顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的 换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环 境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣 服洗一洗吧。”<br />
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“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干ー场。<br />
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他把床单和衣服泡了满满ー盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他ー忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;ー忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
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他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板 凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
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兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过ー丝苦笑。<br />
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画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
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一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚 子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,ー共跳了多 少次?，，<br />
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画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
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兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪一整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。<br />
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干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
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天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入 睡;儿子ー沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手 抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另ー只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
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漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
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兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为 人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为ー个正直的画家的妻子的全部 甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕 耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还 被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦 楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
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她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙<br />
爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
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车轮下<br />
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袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱 地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
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兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为ー家人做早饭。<br />
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画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
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兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺ー躺。”画家匆匆吃过 早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
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在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过ー场大雪,北风ー刮,马路上结 着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
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画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜 劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命的时刻。<br />
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人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
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穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽 听ー阵隆隆的马达声。ー辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。 速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人 带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的 传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
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街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
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卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。 卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团 儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
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这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸ロー轧,就 算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃 脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
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按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同 情一预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦 的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。 即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头一抗争！<br />
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接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡 车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车 咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人 们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
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“千万不能倒下「’画家想,“ー倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
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卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反<br />
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应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
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画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
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抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天<br />
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ォ清醒过来。<br />
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兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾ー切地赶到医院。存车的时 候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙 怎么也拔不出来。<br />
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存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚オ进医院的时<br />
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候,自己还能走路。"<br />
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兰英这オ觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
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兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫 妻双双躺在床上。<br />
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孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和<br />
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女儿一人捧回ー包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
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儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
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女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
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兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早<br />
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地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心 灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿 <br />
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画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰<br />
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问。他们留下ー百块钱赔偿经济损失一画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
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客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
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兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看ー<br />
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眼也令人伤心。<br />
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画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
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“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
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画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知<br />
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道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民ーー我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去「’<br />
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这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是ー个贫病交困的人的 最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对ー些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那 样遥远,拼着性命オ能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼 痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘 寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
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数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情 目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
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袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的 印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
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袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花 甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,ー举ー动都受到街道居委 会的监视。<br />
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袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没 有什么值得高兴的一中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路 线走ー遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽 然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
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江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上 挂着一幅画框,嵌着ー张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那 张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到 使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
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袁运生打开画夹,把ー组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的 牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人 物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的 笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
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“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真 诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
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袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨 的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风 中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手ー丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
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画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于!974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白 描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
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江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他 说:“呵,黄河! ー泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声 音……"<br />
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春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了 !<br />
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担担画<br />
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“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
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美术界ー些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头 角,施展オ华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任 河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各 种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是ー个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。 这个磨砺精深的艺术家,就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
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乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
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在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现 了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,ー头不驯服的长发 如垂下万根烦恼丝。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁 了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
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他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
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兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
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兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议 事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就 是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
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1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机 会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
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他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了 妻子,全家人像过节ー样快乐<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
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“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
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女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
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“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
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他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
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兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
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丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注ー掷了 !”<br />
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是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举 动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一 个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使ー颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴ー样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
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晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,ー针针,ー线线,直缝到天 色薄明。<br />
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“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
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“三个月吧。”画家说,“你ー个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
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妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
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这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府一景洪。他被西双版纳惊 人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林 绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水 晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁 着珠光宝气。<br />
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有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天 堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾 洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
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他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地。招待所的服务人员很 有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进ー间中等客房。<br />
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画家开ロ就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
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服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
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“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
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“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
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“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
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他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下ー步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各<br />
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的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
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幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出 的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
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云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族 的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
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好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的 背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有!40多斤重。小伙子看了直 抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
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袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
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瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
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奏鸣曲<br />
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瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
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呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
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那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝ー样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
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就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
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西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰 富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住 兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在ー棵树 前,一画就是一整天。<br />
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“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
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“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古 老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
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袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。 每ー笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家 的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小 虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理 昧 <br />
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中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来オ深有感 受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
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画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在ー起的<br />
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他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情 而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
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每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。 晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛 着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗 条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
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“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银 铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她 们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露ー截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使 她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后ー盘,自然地溜向ー 边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
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少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来ー阵阵悠扬 的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在 纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
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诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就 在苦苦思索ー个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
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美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出 你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
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面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我 感受却不尽相同。ー百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,ー百种不同的表现方法。<br />
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艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。<br />
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从夏末到中秋,他在ー串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勧定的一个偏僻的 小村寨。<br />
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这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上 开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本 寨的荣耀。<br />
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同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无カ同病魔 斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是 “鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者ー商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那<br />
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些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
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“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的ー 瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精 粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的 请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起 画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
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小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的 经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂 痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在ー起进餐,然后由男方挑着担 子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱 护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像ー泓溪 水那样清澈。<br />
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一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清 脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的 手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
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这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在 古老的贝叶经里的传说一从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘 据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑 娘们生出ー计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头ー沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒 醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。 一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使 自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
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晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这 万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
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广为流传的神话传说,往往是ー个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到 的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑 海里汇集,逐渐熔化为ー团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳 美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地 多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西 双版纳。这是ー个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、 秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条一单纯与丰富高度和谐地统ー!<br />
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他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的 独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。 那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的ー组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
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昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘 绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
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公主啊!<br />
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你是ー颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
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但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
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把宝石镶在我的心上 <br />
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他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
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二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
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袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
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兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心 开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画 不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
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画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失 火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
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其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们 忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
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画家在长春的ー个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁 愕然了。<br />
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这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰 英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出ー个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗 震棚挪动着……<br />
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显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的 艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
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朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那<br />
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位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道<br />
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壁画之梦<br />
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不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白 皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的 空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀ー样扑朔不定。他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。他搞不 清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里……<br />
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昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的 画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。ー抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳 光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从 梦境回到了现实的世界。<br />
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这是!979年1月,在北京白家庄。<br />
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袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水 晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候 机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍 特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成 了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建 筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业 技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理 者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和エ艺 美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得 到了推荐,也在被邀请之列〇<br />
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随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热 度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使ー些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑 文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否 定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以 免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对 稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单ー些,拿他的 话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。”<br />
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袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节一生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻<br />
辑和客观条件应运而生的。<br />
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候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的ー块地 方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙 壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美 的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心 中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝 叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴 的哲理。他决定挨弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。”<br />
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主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思 毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在 以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知 命运如何?<br />
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袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是 工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动 的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境……<br />
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在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大 门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统ー。那座大门 却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门 搏斗,ー支接ー支地吸烟,ー张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可 以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和 生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。<br />
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“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。<br />
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“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……”<br />
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在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一 个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充 满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风 雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出ー股韧性。为了 重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟 此时的心情。<br />
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整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉 的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法ーー“拱桥的两头 很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么 美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》）<br />
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实现这个迷人的想法,真是ー项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多 彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活 和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每ー 个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意 味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去 表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了……<br />
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又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还 有灯光。<br />
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这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴 山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟 弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧……<br />
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对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他 还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在 毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀!<br />
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天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休 息几天,回长春去过年吧。”<br />
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袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用〇第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制〇”<br />
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“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多 了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。”<br />
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提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能 在家待几天?”<br />
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画家说:“春节ー过,还得讨论画稿。这ー稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了〇”<br />
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兰英叹了一 口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……”<br />
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画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。”<br />
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兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?”<br />
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画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。<br />
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这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻 璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下ー个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹……<br />
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从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
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忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴 云笼罩着 <br />
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牛皮纸<br />
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春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。<br />
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绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机 场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材 料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、 冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
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参加《泼水节一生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶 来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传 统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
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脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月 的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。<br />
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兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的ー次 妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她 的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。<br />
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在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用 的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气 设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻 待在ー起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就 翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是 深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮エ。<br />
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好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院 时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是 出乎意料的,几个月以前的ー小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是 <br />
外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到 癌一恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不 是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意 识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务 的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢?<br />
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她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了 候机大楼,站在脚手架旁……<br />
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大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进 来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着ー 场真正的建设一脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着 画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到 了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额 垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出 的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在……<br />
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兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。 从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,ー个艺术赤子的オ华、 智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔 端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳 茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动 作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚 鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。 艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华!<br />
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站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。<br />
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兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺 术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得 到了精神的补偿。<br />
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这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查 有结果了吗?”<br />
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兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说<br />
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妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。”<br />
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“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
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Chapter Two<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对ー对 画稿上的人物动作。”<br />
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“好吧。”妻子应允了。<br />
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兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分 子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时 间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身 的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容……<br />
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几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的 一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为ー个外科 医生,如果给自己开ー张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切 除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时 机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的ー桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手 术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的 亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カー搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的 希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏 在心底很久很久了。<br />
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一声长笛,列车开走了,载着ー颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾 霭中 <br />
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袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过 墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,ー株热带丛林特有的 鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地 面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像 是在为自己的青春而骄傲……<br />
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环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画 家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对 墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。<br />
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洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女 表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江 里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。 “我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的 崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的ー种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维 纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的 崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况 他画的是神话传说而不是习俗……<br />
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看来,画家打错了主意?<br />
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在ー些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富 有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生 产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿 穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了 别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并 没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和 犯罪搅成一池浑水。<br />
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盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象 征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。<br />
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这并不显眼的一角却引来ー批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看 热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
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这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不題了。如 要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花 任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想 到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的ー场争论。<br />
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六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受 尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界 上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的ー班轻薄少年、 无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之 照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人 提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军 阀败北。<br />
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历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的ー桩旧案犹未了结<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思 想解放!”<br />
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他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人 帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。<br />
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舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的 绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用 进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时 的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事……<br />
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不是结尾<br />
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10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在 大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动……<br />
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首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获 得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁 画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞 歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次 文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来 到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。<br />
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国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁 说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人ー进入中国就有一个强烈 的印象,这种艺术是ー个国家国力的象征。”<br />
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日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉 朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉 得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……”<br />
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这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的 日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖 的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆 动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰 ー样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔……<br />
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呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化?<br />
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不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着 ー个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作 是坚定正确的表现。他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不 再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强 化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。<br />
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那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧?<br />
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只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。 直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从 她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她 静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无 望,只等待手术的判决……<br />
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ー个人站立起来了,另ー个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南 去的列车上ー见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也 不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、 贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术 经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下ー笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。<br />
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画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼 眶里滚动。<br />
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他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:ー种是诚实的艺术家;另 ー种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。<br />
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他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限 度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少ー些吗?<br />
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他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。<br />
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后记:<br />
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本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又辻了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世 事变迁未可尽述。<br />
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——作者<br />
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（原载《十月》1980年6月）<br />
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==卷一：10.热血男儿==<br />
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热血男儿<br />
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李士非<br />
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满腔的热血已经沸腾。<br />
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《国际歌》<br />
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ー、能见到袁庚吗?<br />
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在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天,蛇口エ业区和它的领导人袁庚,名扬国内外,越 来越引人注目。<br />
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但是,我接受写袁庚的任务,未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他,手头也没有 积累多少关于他的资料,而且听说采访他很困难:他是香港招商局常务副董事长 （人们因此亲切地称他为袁董）,大部分时间在香港,每到蛇口,都忙得不可开交, 实在抽不出时间接受采访。但是,过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观,听过介绍,看 过录像,袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣,接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口 来,这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。“能见到袁庚吗?”“即使见不到袁庚也要写!”所谓 “冒险”,无非是写不出或写不好,个人面子不好看罢了,比起袁庚和他的朋友们从 事改革所冒的风险,简直是微不足道的。<br />
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仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气,到这里待ー些日子也是值得的。<br />
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“如果你只能待很短的时间,我劝你趁早打退堂鼓,不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆 辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意,开弓没有回头箭,退堂鼓是 不好打的。<br />
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二、夜访梁宪<br />
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在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口,袁庚出国去了,说是7月底或8月初 才能回来。最了解他的ー个人,东江纵队时期就和他ー起工作,现任蛇口工业区顾 <br />
问的许智明,到澳大利亚探亲去了,归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同, “时间就是金钱,效率就是生命”,白天工作紧张,找人谈话很难,晚上访问也要事 先约定,因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰 上袁庚的儿子袁中印,《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意,他马 上说:“有什么好写的?这么多人写过了,要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受 了乃父的影响,不大欢迎采访。“慢慢来吧,我一定要找你的。”我心里说。<br />
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多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙,约定了 一天晚上9点钟去访问エ业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人,穿过海 滨花园,沐着海风,经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边,漫步走向梁宪的住 处。早已听说,他!962年毕业于中山大学外语系,是梁宗岱教授的高足,对法国文 学很有研究。果然,ー见之下,我就感到他是ー个充满艺术气质的人。<br />
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他掏出港币,买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客,然后和我们谈笑风生。<br />
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“你们是文人,我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人,她在中央戏剧学 院教书。我对她说:你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的,但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。 中国像你们这样的文人太多,像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一 句英语,“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙,黄虹坚ー时也 没反应过来,陈宜浩翻译说:“他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑 起来。<br />
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梁宪大学毕业的时候,老百姓正在饿肚子,大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法 国文学的尖子,后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作,比袁庚晚半 年多一点。袁庚很器重他,有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。<br />
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“我去香港的时候,老婆说:最怕你没骨气,没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是 有的,外派干部只要有一点热血,就不是追求几大件,而是感到抬不起头来!<br />
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“刚到香港,每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐,ー串串的,海上漂着偷渡者的尸 体,我们不能忍受,啪一声把电视关了。<br />
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“我们国内建设搞不好,连ー些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们, 心里真难受呀。所以,我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过:’我之所以这么干,是 为了实现我入党时的初衷。’”<br />
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一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿,梁宪又概括地说:<br />
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“我熟悉的人当中,有两个热血男儿,ー个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛,ー个就是 袁庚!”<br />
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好一个“热血男儿” !这个词太恰当了,把这两个人相提并论太好了,我不禁<br />
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怦然心动,觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。<br />
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也真巧,比我年长20岁的刘任涛,是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第 一流的眼科专家,共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长,曾为刘伯承元帅安过义 眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》,改行当了电影编剧,“文化大革命”中在珠 影被诬为“历史反革命”,打断五根肋骨,投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动 期间,他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明,不顾自己的政治处境,不顾没 有任何医疗条件,决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他:“万一失败,你就 是阶级报复,就会重进监狱。”他不听,他终于成功了。“作为医生,我拯救了我的 灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀,立下遗嘱:死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢 复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
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刘任涛和袁庚,经历和事业完全不同,但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身 精神,是多么相似呵!我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚,觉得对袁庚也开始熟 悉了。<br />
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三、“冒险家”<br />
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刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障,要冒风险。袁 庚在蛇口进行改革,要冒更大的风险:两年之前,不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影 地攻击经济特区嘛!<br />
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但是,时代毕竟不同了,今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月 9日,胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区,袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆,和总书记有一 段精彩的对话。<br />
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袁庚:关于改革问题,现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看,凡是搞改革 的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法,最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变 法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪,改良主义,结果六君子被 杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革,我想不会落得前人这样 的下场,我们是在党的领导下进行的,不会有问题吧,我们值得冒这个险!<br />
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胡耀邦:过去的改革是下层少数人去改,领导者、统治者是压制的。现在 不同,我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改,现在和过去根本不同嘛!<br />
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袁庚:我们感到,我们的干部是不大怕群众的,只怕顶头上司,怕上司不喜 欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说,我每次来蛇口,ー上码头,前呼后 拥的,下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒,就会忘乎所以,久而久之, 就不怕群众,不怕下级,因为群众、下级撤不了我的职,我只怕交通部,怕顶头 上司,只有他们才能撤我的职。<br />
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所以,群众监督干部,群众有权选举和罢免干部,这至关重要。我们这里 想搞个改革试点,管委会由群众选举产生,每年投一次信任票,如果不信任票 超过半数,管委会就得改选,个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公 开的、直接的,由群众投票选举的领导班子,就会想群众之所想,急群众之所 急,就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手,就有人自动送礼 上门,如果头脑不清醒,不能自律,就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装 懂,诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部,我相信可以改变一下干部的结 构和干部的作风。我们想做这样ー个不太小的改革,准备冒一点风险。<br />
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胡耀邦:（点头）好!很好!<br />
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袁庚:总书记说了好,我们就记录在案,马上打报告这样做。<br />
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胡耀邦:（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿,在哪 ー出戏里我忘记了,讽刺官僚主义者,他不敢骂台上的官,只敢骂戏台上堂前 的鼓。有一段唱词说:“一棵大树腹中空,两头都是皮儿绷,每天上堂敲三下, R卜咚ゆ咚又ゆ咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛!（全场大笑）<br />
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党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印,想到ー块去了,这在蛇口的发 展史上,是应当大书特书的。<br />
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1983年4月24日,选举产生了蛇口エ业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22 日,按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票?组干处处长虞 德海说:“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的,信任票不足半数就 得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决,一定要搞信任投票。” 投票结果,管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数,袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上,全 部投票公开,任人查阅,尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐,如“某某能力低”“某某 不堪信任”之类,也不加掩饰。<br />
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这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。<br />
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四、“那里不肯放,就辞职!”<br />
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选举产生领导班子,定期举行信任投票,这是袁庚深思熟虑的ー项决定。他深<br />
深感到,不改革干部制度,不改变干部结构,任何改革都无从谈起,“四化”也只是 一句空话。<br />
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有的领导干部,居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人:“你们大学建多大的桥?” 问来访的美国客人:“英国人讲英语,你们美国人讲什么语?”还有人向中央领导同 志汇报他到香港考察的收获:“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯!”如此等等,令人 啼笑皆非。这样的干部,怎能担当建设“四化”的重任!<br />
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蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地）,指挥部只有 二十多个干部的时候,袁庚就开始考虑如何培育ー支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命 化的干部队伍。1981年,他排除阻カ,毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班,从全国 各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说,“我是个冒险家,为了蛇口的改革,我从 全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。<br />
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当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员,委托交通部下属的交通科 学院情报所代为主持,在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、 江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。<br />
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王潮梁!938年出生于江苏无锡,1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计 专业。早在1958年,他就参考外国的资料,在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫 原理,并和同学们一道造出了样品,在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对 飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是,在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年 代,几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机エ厂飞机设 计室任产品主管设计员,那时生产要听驻厂军代表的,而军代表只相信苏联专家和 苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料,翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂, 即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂,也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚 子气,却毫无办法。岁月如流,王潮梁搞了 17年飞机设计,却看到我们的飞机エ业 比印度还落后;又研制了四年的飞翔船,却看不到一艘飞翔船下水,那种壮志难酬 的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会,唯一的名额给了业务上 根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培 训班招生的广告时,他兴奋极了,“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方,去!”立刻把广告 剪下来,郑重地贴在本子上。<br />
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他第一个走进考场,第一个走出考场。笔试、面试,成绩优良。主持考试的情 报所林鸿慈同志下了结论:这是个人才,录取！<br />
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但是,在中国有一个很大的矛盾:生产资料是全民所有制,干部却是单位私有 制。ー个单位可以把ー个或ー批人才冷藏ー辈子<br />
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长江航运科研所不肯放人。<br />
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198I年11月,袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他,向他汇 报了招生的情况,特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。<br />
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袁庚很激动。<br />
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“小王是不是党员?”<br />
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“不是。”<br />
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“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量,开个头,那里不肯放,就辞职!我这 里收。最多就是人家去告状,最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先 例。告到国务院,我们就把这个同志的情况报上去,中央领导会支持我们。新华社 社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开’干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人 在单位不充分发挥作用,又不让调,这个局面不打开是不成的!”<br />
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林鸿慈被袁庚打动了,写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁,同时通过各种渠道 去做说服、疏通工作。终于,用不着王潮梁辞职,单位同意放人了。1982年,王潮 梁来到蛇口工业区。<br />
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五、企业管理研究生<br />
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1982年12月的一天晚上,ー个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
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这是一次事先约定的会见。<br />
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年轻人叫余昌民,刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清 华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生,工作了八九年,深感中国企业管理的弊病 太多,1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年, 专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息,《读卖新闻》为 此发了专稿,登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了,干什么好呢?学校建议他到国家 经委属下的中国企业研究协会去,这当然是个专业对口的美差,但是在武汉工作的 爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候,蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。他每星期上街 去买《深圳特区报》,得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝,如饥似渴地加以研 究。不难判断,蛇口エ业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去!决心下定了,系 里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会,经朋友介绍,他就来登门拜访了。<br />
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会面的一瞬间,两个人互相观察了一下。<br />
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“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗?穿件中式棉袄,和一般的老干部没啥差别,不 是想象中的那个改革家的模样,而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真 的值得?”<br />
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真正的一闪念,没容余昌民多想,袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
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谈话开门见山。<br />
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“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里?”<br />
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“在于体制。”<br />
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“对了!”袁庚兴奋起来,侃侃而谈,“上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦,说 他们要一千人,劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用,那七百是搭配的闲人,你再要, 就再搭配,再多余,反正是大锅饭,大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了,还说这是社会主义 的优越性!这样,工厂冗员越来越多,工厂成了小社会,在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的, 形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ,败坏着我们的民族素质!这样的体制不改革,我们 就没有出路!”<br />
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“我的ー篇论文,提出了企业的素质问题。”<br />
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“有何高见?”<br />
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“素质,好比基本作用,像女排,形成了她们的基本作风,就有战斗カ。”<br />
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“就把ー个企业比作球队吧,假如你是教练,别人随便塞人给你,你怎么办?”<br />
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“我不要。”<br />
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“不要不行!”<br />
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“那我不干。”<br />
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“对了,就得这样。”<br />
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一老ー少,越谈越投机,彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处ー闪而过的那点 疑虑也完全打消了。<br />
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“我们这里可要冒点风险。”<br />
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“正因为这样オ要去,建设好了还去干什么?”<br />
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“你个人有什么要求?”<br />
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“只要求家属ー起去。”<br />
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“这个我们来办。”<br />
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两个月后,余昌民父亲去世,回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化,系里要留他。 企业管理系刚刚建立,工作需要,理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚 飞往蛇口,收不回来了。<br />
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1983年3月,袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客,系里派余昌民随行。系 领导的目的,是让校长对余昌民有个印象,说服他留下来,同时出面解决他家属的 户ロ问题。<br />
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谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口,袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有,余昌 民暗示要做刘达的工作。<br />
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余昌民再一次请求:“校长,让我来蛇口吧。”<br />
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“系里要我帮忙留你,我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。<br />
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袁庚一再要求支持:“刘达同志,把小余给我们吧,我们迫切需要企业管理的专 门人才。”<br />
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刘达心动了。这位参加过“ー二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
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回去后,余昌民给系里写了报告,对系里的教育培养表示感谢,说明清华企业 管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设,这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都 至关重要。<br />
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问题迎刃而解。7月,夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。<br />
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当余昌民到エ业区大楼报到的时候,在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉 着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口,边走边说:“你是研究企业管理的,你先熟悉ー 下情况,有把握了再谈工作……”<br />
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袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信,其中有一段话:<br />
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关于小余的事,同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失ー小余,无妨 大局,蛇口得之,如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下,エ业区将受其惠。<br />
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重感情的刘达,把这封信送给了余昌民,让他留作永久的纪念。<br />
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六、星期天的早晨<br />
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星期天早晨8点钟,顾立基刚起床,洗了脸,正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同 学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的,大家都熬了夜,现在让他们多睡一会儿 吧。顾立基轻手轻脚,唯恐弄出一点声音来。<br />
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“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗?”<br />
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门外传来ー个声音。顾立基一看,走廊上站着ー个六十多岁的老人和一个 姑娘。<br />
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“我就是顾立基,您是?”<br />
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“我是袁庚,蛇口的袁庚〇”老人首先伸出手来,“这是我女儿尼亚,她不放心我 的身体,一定要陪我来,其实我的身体还可以。你看,骑了半小时车子,轻松愉快。”<br />
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顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 他深受感动。<br />
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“我们到楼下谈吧,同学们还在睡觉。”<br />
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楼下有一张靠背长椅,三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨,不冷不热,阳光和煦, 轻风拂面,校园一片宁静的气氛。<br />
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“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会?”<br />
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“是的,现在会员有一千多人了,成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。”<br />
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“还听说你想当厂长?”<br />
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“您的信息很灵通啊,”顾立基笑了, “我是说过想当厂长,为此还惹过ー些麻 烦呢。”<br />
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“什么麻烦?”<br />
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“有人说我是野心家。”<br />
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“岂有此理!想当个厂长是什么野心!’不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’,这 是拿破仑说的还是谁说的? 一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对!”<br />
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“我是学电脑的,但是我感到中国更需要管理人才,所以主动旁听了企业管理 系研究生的全部课程。”<br />
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“到蛇口去吧,我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班,要培养大量的管理人才。”<br />
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“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像,我的心就动了,只是还没下定决心。”<br />
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“现在呢?”<br />
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“现在下定决心了,去蛇口。”<br />
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“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗?”<br />
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有什么困难? 1982年的初夏,社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的,有人在 报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界,影射特区有变成租界的危险,造成一股无形的压 力,因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些,可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的 人在ー起,冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去,下属工厂任他挑选,这 些,对他有一定的吸引力。他自从!967年中学毕业,1968年进上海印染机械修配 厂,十年中当过锅炉エ、车エ、錠エ、钳エ、电エ,当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不 惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为,1974年顾立基和他们争吵过ー 次,挨了批斗,却受到工人们的同情,和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要 毕业了 ,朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查,他是材料组的负责 人,如果不来上大学,早就走上领导岗位了,现在回去,工作安排是不成问题的。但 是,陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大,他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的 是,母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房,姐妹们都在外地,母亲 希望他留在身边,爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口,使他动了感情,他滔 滔不绝地发起议论来。<br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办ー个工业区 呢?为了在那块地方搞改革,搞全面的改革,从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度,都 要改,不改就没有出路。过去三十年,极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。 1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候,海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体,都是青年,他们为什 么要跑?因为我们穷!<br />
<br />
“’四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’,越搞跑的人越多。ー些村子的青壮年几乎跑 光了,真叫人欲哭无泪!蛇口对面就是香港的元朗,相隔只有6000米,晴天能看到 它的高楼,它就是在我们’十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了, 必须把经济搞上去,这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公 里,对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛,我们改革成功了,对全国就有很大 的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛,无伤大局。当然,我们一定要尽最大的 努力,争取成功,避免失败。我们这ー代人是老了,当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时 候,时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……”<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动,身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚,望 着自己的父亲,眼睛也有点热了……<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来,当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书,1984年4月被聘为 办公室主任。<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚,因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口,听说顾立基6日 ー早要去香港,5日晚我去登门拜访。<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告,我为 了听这个报告,推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的,谁都可以听,欢迎你去。”ー见面 顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗?”<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难,他在蛇口不会待太久,一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告, 你最好陪他回宿舍ーー他儿子的住处,或者宾馆,这样边走边谈,可以谈十来分 钟……”<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗?<br />
<br />
不管怎样,先听听他的报告再说吧。<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半,袁庚的报告准时开始。<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影,大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。 今天这个会也叫新闻发布会,街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂,基本上坐满 了,放眼望过去,都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。<br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上, 顾立基主持大会。<br />
<br />
ー开始,袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕,只讲个把钟头。”<br />
<br />
人们笑了,其实怕的是他讲得太短。<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问,历时23天,访问了 4个国家、16个公司、18个城市,从新加坡 开始,往西到英国,再到美国、日本,整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处,受到隆重的、 破格的接待,我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们 四个人,而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化,在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到 做蛇口人的光荣。”<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张,出国访问要花自己的钱,花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、 软弱的地位。这次出访,他们带了 20万美金的信用卡,足够用了,所到之处都坚持 这个原则,唯独在新加坡失灵了。那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系,但新加 坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检,从飞机场ー直送到最高级的香格里拉大 酒店,袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前,这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫 人;在他之后,住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨）,每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观 什么项目,全部满足要求。临走结账时,酒店经理说:“在你们到来之前,已经有人 付了全部费用。”<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁,英国老板们在海员罢エ浪潮的 冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们,给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深 刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说:“我们原打算3年之内种植 20万株月季,把蛇口建成玫瑰之城,现在看来太落后了……”<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国,主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡,大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔,华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民,交给他一把金钥匙。女 市长在宴会上说:“我是百分之百的中国人,也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说:“我 很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判,就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过, “在经济问题上,兄弟无情,六亲不认!何况是与外国人谈判「’<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前,有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过 的曲折。<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日,袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件,大家听了很高兴,但我们不要高兴得过早。不 要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了,但官僚主义、 红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事,还是有的。例如我们正在谈判 的浮法玻璃厂,到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃,为什么不准我们用 最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ?最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局 交涉。她们去的时候,人家一口答应,讲你们回去好了,但等我们企业室派人带合 同去盖章的时候,又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干,他们讲:‘你们派了记 者、作家来,我敢不答应吗?弄得不好,你们要写报告文学,写内参,我受得了 吗,？……”<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨,交涉了九个月,オ过了国内这ー关。<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判,当然不可能用这么长的时间,但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想 而知的。<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂,简直是一座玻璃城!它生产各式各样 的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃,用25磅大锤从20米外打去,地皮都震动了,玻璃却安 然无恙。我们和美国合资,投资ー亿美元,引进一座同样的エ厂,买他的专利,以后 我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点,集中在每年所付专利费 占销售总额的百分比上。<br />
<br />
美方要6%,我们还价4% 〇<br />
<br />
美方降到5%,我们加到4.5%。<br />
<br />
寸利必争,形成僵局。<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。<br />
<br />
“先生们,我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针,2000年前发明了火药,全人类 <br />
都在享受这些伟大的成果,可是他们从来没有要过什么专利,我们作为后代从来没 有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋,而是觉得光荣。请问各位,那时候你们的祖先在哪 里?恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前,是不是毛特别多……”<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前,一个个咧嘴笑了。<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕,我的意思不是不付专利费,而是要求公平合理r’<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格,坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们,说不 定会抗议呢!“你骂我们的祖先,是可忍,孰不可忍ド’<br />
<br />
终于达成协议:4.75%,为期!0年。<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进ー个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂,专利 费是5% ,时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处,绝不能走 美国的路!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退,エ业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走,他们还 有点生气,现在停滞不前了。<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方,转移到太平洋 沿岸。<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了,现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈,今天 下午四点半ー踏上蛇口码头,就感到无比的清新,感到ー草一木都非常亲切。<br />
<br />
“10月1日,蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话,那是大家的 功劳！<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的,思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上,我们ー定要 赶上和超过他们!”<br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时,宣布散会了,大家意犹未尽。<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了,我放弃了跟上去的打算。<br />
<br />
ハ、“搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
8月7日,袁庚开了一整天会,据说8日也不会有空,而9日ー早又要回香港 了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上,我给他写了一封信,说明这一次 如果不能和他交谈,我将等待,直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨,我把这封信 交给了エ业区党委副书记乔胜利,请他转交。<br />
<br />
8日上午,我到办公大楼访问王潮梁,两人刚坐下来,办公室副主任黄振超匆<br />
<br />
匆忙忙地叫我:“袁董回来了,快去见他!”<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉,说明另改时间,急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的,中间隔着大块的透明玻璃,老远就看 见了袁庚,他手里正拿着一大摞文件。<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候,黄振超在旁边向他说明:“只是见见面,不会占你很多 时间。”<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说:<br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的?来搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了,而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。我 知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。梁宪说过,前几年在北京开会,有一天袁庚 看了张洁的小说《爱,是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章,问他:“你认识这个作家 吗?咱们把她请到蛇口去!”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所 了解的,“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。<br />
<br />
我也笑着说:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋,要写你和蛇口。”<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下,舒服地往藤椅上一靠,摆出了准备 谈ー阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好,这里问题多得 很,改革每前进ー步都要经过斗争,到处充满着矛盾。”<br />
<br />
我说:“正是这一点吸引了我。”<br />
<br />
“ー个国家没有民主是不行的,而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。 我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国,政治家演说,群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿 扔他,他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的,但这ー套对巩固资产阶级的统 治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底,孙中山是 想搞民主的,他死得太早,没搞成。中华民族是伟大的,但是历史的包袱太重了。”<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿,她在美国学企业管理,谈起来也说:在 美国深有感慨,感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重〇<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族,就没有什么框框,我在报告会上也说了,他们的总督牌香烟广 告有一句口号是’想做就去做’,这句话香港也接受不了,译成’应做就去做’〇当 然,想干什么就干什么是不行的,但我们许多应干的事却干不成。”<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历,他扼要地做了回答,着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命” 中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时,这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来,<br />
<br />
微笑着站在那里不动,我知道是催他去开会,我们的谈话该结束了。<br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志,我们马上又赶到 太子宾馆,和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢,对监狱内外情形 都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说:<br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨,出来就蔦儿了,可是他不,他的劲头反而更大了。”<br />
<br />
我心里说:这オ是袁庚!<br />
<br />
过了几天,乔胜利对陈宜浩说:“袁董看了我的信,答应下次回来再和我谈。” 可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。<br />
<br />
8月25日上午,我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息,急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联 系。但是太迟了,他过了中午又要回香港,而上午的时间已经排满,就在和我通话 的时候,他不得不放下电话去开门。他说:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧,不要紧的,我们没有秘密。”<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访,ー时想不齐全,只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字, 他ーー做了回答:“这些也要发表吗?”我说:“不一定发表。”他说:“发表也没关系, 那天我讲话外国人也听了。”<br />
<br />
我说:“将来排出校样,送给你看看好吗?免得事实有出入。”<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查,出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的,难免出点差 错。捅点娄子也不要紧。”<br />
<br />
“好了,谢谢您。”<br />
<br />
“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。<br />
<br />
一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观,来到铝材厂门口时,他向学 员们介绍:这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人,23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起 来,大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停エ,ー个工人从高处摔下来受了伤,他的哥哥跑 过去看了看,见弟弟没有生命危险,便又回去干活了。<br />
<br />
袁庚说:“日本不富没有天理!中国改革不富也没有天理!”<br />
<br />
现在我想说:蛇口的改革不成功没有天理!<br />
<br />
九、大鹏魂<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚,魁梧、潇洒,兼有外交家和实业家的风度,具有一种吸引人的魅 カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢?<br />
拨开历史的迷雾,我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。<br />
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他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园,算 是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。<br />
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1935年,他毕业于广州广雅中学,随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测 量员,他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校,陈济棠下台后,这家军校成了国民党中央军 校的分校。在学校里,袁庚是活跃的足球门将,练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕 业,他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官,ー个个腐化不堪,对民族危亡无动于衷,便愤 然回到故乡大鹏镇,担任第一小学校长,同时兼任地方自卫队教官。<br />
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学校是国民党办的,自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的,但是学校和自卫队中都有 中共地下党员。<br />
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戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚,在当地是ー个重要人物,三种政治力量对他都很 重视。<br />
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中共地下县委书记王文,和他住到ー起,亲自考察他。<br />
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革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
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1939年3月27日,袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党,从这ー 天起,他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。<br />
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当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党 的漫画,刺痛了国民党区党部,他的处境变得危险了,党组织于!939年冬天把他转 移到党领导的抗日游击队,从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子, 像大鹏ー样展翅高飞了。<br />
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抗日战争期间,美军作为盟军,在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组,担任东纵联 络处处长的袁庚,和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示,东纵和美 军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报,对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。<br />
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日寇投降时,英军远在缅甸,ー个海军少将只率领ー营人乘航空母舰赶到香 港。他的兵力不足以维持治安,要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央,中 央复电:为了对付国民党的内战阴谋,坚决撤离港九地区;同时要求在香港设立联 络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判,袁庚不辱使命,漂亮地完成了任务,并成为驻 香港办事处的第一任主任,这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能 想到,历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折,二十多年后,这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。<br />
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十、秦城监狱<br />
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1968年4月6日,袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家,到机关去上班。北京的4月 初,春寒料峭,风沙迷眼,加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报,形成一片肃杀气氛,使袁 庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作,刚告一段落,还来不及喘口气, 就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息,他于愤 懑中保持着镇定。<br />
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回到办公室不久,有人通知:“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门,看到 除部长之外,还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长,面孔板得像 ー座木雕。<br />
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“袁庚,你被捕了!”<br />
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下午,机关召开大会,部长在会上宣布:“袁庚是美国特务,已经依法逮捕。”袁 庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和 刘丹ー,互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周 总理安全的情景,记忆犹新,那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间,周旋于华侨社会 之中,眼睛熬红了,人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场,天理何在?!<br />
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与此同时,汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中,勒令交出所有的钥匙,开始抄家。 翻箱倒柜,从下午抄到天黑,然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时,オ发现三个 孩子被关在门外不准进家,左邻右舍也不敢收留,孩子们在抹眼泪……<br />
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从此以后,袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里,也不知是死是 活,到哪里打听都说不知道。!969年,汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校,孩 子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”,但作为“反革命家属”， 她只能干最脏最累的活,如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎,痛得胳膊抬 不起来,医生建议回北京治疗,干校就是不准。直到!972年初夏,她的大孩子中印 就要下乡插队了,她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服,打点行装,オ被批准。<br />
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1972年7月,袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后,有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去 探监。“他还活着,他还活着!”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。<br />
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汪宗谦心酸地发现,袁庚行走困难,说话声音也变了,而且他不知道当时是何 年何月！<br />
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原来监狱里日夜亮着灯,犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替,失去了时间的概念;<br />
睡觉时只准脸朝外,一条腿总是压在下边,时间长了造成萎缩;长期不讲话,声带都 沙哑了。<br />
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我曾经听说,袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西,只有放风时在天井里看到 墙根的小草。问他是不是这样,他说:<br />
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“不,还有蚂蚁,我对蚂蚁很有研究。”<br />
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这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量!<br />
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汪宗谦见过了袁庚,就为救他而奔走了。<br />
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“没见他不知道他死活,既然知道他还活着,我就怕他死了!问题还没搞清,死 了孩子们都得背黑锅呀!他住在楼上,要到楼下的天井放风,上下都很辛苦,我到 中央接待站去上访,请求把他搬到楼下来,这个要求被接受了。”<br />
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袁庚搬到楼下的ー间房,发现席子底下有一团花白的头发,他判断这里关过ー 个五十多岁的女同志。后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事,王光美 说:“没错,正是我住过的那间房。”<br />
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袁庚出狱,已是1973年9月30日,整整关了 5年半。<br />
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在狱中,睡觉时只要一转身,看守就在外边敲门。夜晚,敲门声常常把人惊醒。 袁庚回到家里,刚一入睡就惊醒了,这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年,这种心悸 病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能,却用了更长的时间。每天,汪宗谦搀 着袁庚,ー步,ー步,慢慢地走,越走越远,越走越快,走了一年之久,两条腿オ恢复 了平衡。<br />
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更可悲的是,有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子,出来不会走直路了,一走就 转圈,连马路也不能过。人啊,人！人的尊严到哪里去了！<br />
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经过一年多的休养治疗,1975年,袁庚被分配到交通部,当了外事局副局长。<br />
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ー恢复工作,袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体ー样活跃起来。<br />
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恢复工作之前,袁庚骑自行车上街,总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道,“不能开 慢点吗” !恢复工作之后,自己也坐上了小汽车,有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了, “不能靠边骑吗” !他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化,在心里警告自己道: “可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀!”<br />
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多年来,这成了他的一个信条。<br />
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十ー、香港第一课<br />
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1978年,做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚,以花甲之年改行搞经济,被派<br />
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到香港招商局担任副董事长。<br />
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招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日,招商局 香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱,从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。 历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长,所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。 从李鸿章算起,袁庚是第29任了。<br />
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香港招商局在极'左‘思想影响之下,经营单一,困守一隅,搞了几十年没有什 么发展。袁庚到任,根据中央定下的“以航运为中心,立足港澳,背靠内地,面向海 外,多种经营,工商结合,买卖结合”的方针,以铁腕大力整顿。<br />
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袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说:<br />
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“我到香港的第一课,就是买了一座大楼,非常便宜,只花了 6180万（港币）。 第一次交订金时,支票2000万。那天是星期五,当时讲好下午2点钟,在ー个律师 楼里,大家一手交钱,一手交货。我们开了 2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的 对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里,发动机都没有停。ー上去之后,大 家一手交货,一手交钱,签字。签完字,对方拿着支票,两个人夹住,下去了。剩下 ー个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度,马上存到银行里去了。 因为明天是礼拜六了,人家银行关门,礼拜天也关门,假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前 不到银行去交那个支票的话,他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支 票交给他。我们的财务去了,他回来向我们报告,他说当时那个场面是很动人的。 当然,我们闭着眼睛也能想到,资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重 视,当时浮动利息是!4厘,三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志,那就 无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去,回家。他没有这个观念!这就是香港第一课。 我也不怕自惭形秽,ー窍不通,我接触经济工作,仅仅是5年多前开始的。但ー开 始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多!招商局的子公司多的是,ー检查,发现支 票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了 ,换了一个华东 财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后,我就给他讲这个道理,ー个礼拜之内他就能够接 受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事,立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后,财源 滚滚而来。……这个’时间就是金钱’,不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我,其实 这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’,它说得比我还 厉害,时间重于金钱!”<br />
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招商局走上轨道,袁庚就考虑进ー步的发展了。1979年初,他和有关同志带 着在蛇口开发エ业区的蓝图,到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志 很感兴趣,当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给エ业区,袁庚还没有这个胆量,只要了<br />
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2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候,袁庚心里默默 地说:<br />
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“先念同志,签吧,您这ー笔下去,将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀!”<br />
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十二、淸新<br />
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1984年8月,蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅,迎面是ー架屏 风,正中间挂着一幅草书,苍劲流畅的书法,引人注目,细看那内容,更是气度非凡。 这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本,把它抄了下来。<br />
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登微波楼<br />
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微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
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时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
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宝安袁庚<br />
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我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
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我有同感。<br />
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蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
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六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
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晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
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啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
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十三、心血<br />
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清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
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ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
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1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
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这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
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施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
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午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
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下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
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厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
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的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
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我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
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我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
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龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
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“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
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“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
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“你有什么打算?”<br />
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“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
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“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
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“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
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在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
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十五、激动的工程师<br />
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7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
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蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
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边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
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“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
<br />
的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
<br />
“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
<br />
46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
<br />
他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
<br />
王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
<br />
袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
<br />
管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
<br />
当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
<br />
“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
<br />
“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
<br />
“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
<br />
“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
<br />
“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
<br />
“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
<br />
“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
<br />
“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
<br />
“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
<br />
了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
<br />
父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
<br />
“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
<br />
当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
<br />
“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
<br />
“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
<br />
“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
<br />
“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
<br />
第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
<br />
12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
<br />
1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
<br />
王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
<br />
“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
<br />
“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
<br />
“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
<br />
“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
<br />
“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
<br />
“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
<br />
“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
<br />
王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
<br />
十六、年轻的总经理<br />
<br />
一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
<br />
说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
<br />
“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
<br />
只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
<br />
她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
<br />
“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
<br />
“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
<br />
“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
<br />
“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=154855Report CN EN 032023-03-17T15:37:02Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：5.痴情 */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情==<br />
<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with long hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old, civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies are always covered; whereas in the West, people love nudity, which seems to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个一丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there is a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush, painted a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting is not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, have you ever thought that some of us will cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us will stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, will come like snowflakes. You may even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Are you fearless, or seized by a whim? You're out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he is painting.<br />
<br />
他站在ー间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着ー支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半空,映衬着ー张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的石像。<br />
<br />
He stands in a newly-built and empty hall with a brush in his hand, scrutinizing the unfinished work with meditative, stern and critical eyes. He looks disheveled, and his bosom is stained with different colors. His hair is long and thick, like a black torrent splashing upward, and like a waterfall hanging in midair, reflecting a rock-like face with steep angles and uncompromising look, as if there is a rugged stone statue.<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
Hey, where did you come from? What exaxtly do you want?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
Southbound train<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
The end-of-winter day with bright sunshine and gentle breeze. Beijing Railway Station.<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐下来。<br />
<br />
Beijing Railway Station was not as crowded as it is today. The platforms were clean, the corriders were clear, and the carriages looked spacious. A young girl, carrying a travel bag, boarded a hard sleeper and sat down near the window.<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白晳,留着ー头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
The girl drew the passengers’ attention. She was so beautiful, so young, so simple, and eye-catching. She was tall and slim, with a white face and short fluffy hair, wearing a well-cut small cotton jacket, which was covered with a light gray and blue-checked coat. She was elegant and quiet, and her eyes were clear and shining, like a pretty girl from the southern regions of the Yangtze River. Her mouth hung a stubborn ripple, so she also had the unique charm of the daughter of the North…<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的时间。<br />
<br />
The train began to move, leaving Beijing and heading south. It took about one and a half days to drive from Beijing to Pukou. The passengers were lost in their own sadness of departure or homesickness, and the girl near the window was silently thinking about how to spend so much time.<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
From one corner of the carriage came the noises of laughter and chatter, where a small island of language naturally formed, gathering a cheerful crowd. Driven by curiosity, the girl walked over and saw the crowd gathered around a young man who, with a charcoal pencil and sketchbook, was drawing a portrait of a mechanic in a railway uniform on the train.<br />
<br />
ー支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机 修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半 个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子 投去一瞥,只觉眼前ー团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑 的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像ー块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点 儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭 扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色 调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,ー个蹩脚画家,连自己衣 服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生 吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿一可笑!”<br />
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姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
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车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见 姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
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姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
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“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来 过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来<br />
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姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头 ー皱一那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
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显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的 卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着 什么。<br />
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姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端 庄的、安然的。ー个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种 居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优 越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光 像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
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小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪ー站下车?”<br />
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“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
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“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
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姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
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小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是 弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
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姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
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“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
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姑娘脸上掠过ー丝悲戚:“不在了<br />
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小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
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“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北 京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
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“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
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姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对 对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪 儿去?”<br />
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“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
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“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
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“不。”<br />
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“大学生?”<br />
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“不。早毕业了。”<br />
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“哪个学校毕业的?”<br />
“中央美院。”<br />
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“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
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画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神<br />
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“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
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“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
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“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
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他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他 们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏 洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
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奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多 少欢聚与悲离的故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉ー线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小 桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小 伙子,而是ー个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么 给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
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出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的 傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐 调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样 那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为ー个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身 汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是ー个有抱负、有オ华的人!”<br />
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画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
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姑娘点了点头。<br />
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画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简 直像ー个拙笨的新手。好半天,オ抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
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姑娘接过来ー看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要 逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这 副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真 的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已 不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会” 了画家的灵犀。<br />
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画纸的一角是签名和年月ーー袁运生,画于!964年2月。<br />
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画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
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姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
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“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信<br />
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地址?”<br />
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姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
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火车抵达浦口,他们已经像ー对熟识的老朋友了。从ー个艺术型的医学院学 生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他 们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
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画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依 依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空ー样清 澈,像江水ー样深沉……<br />
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呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江 交织起来的ー见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
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洛神赋<br />
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在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,ー只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认 真地涂抹着油彩,画出ー个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己 的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
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这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家 闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐ー样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
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看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰 恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父 亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年 除タ送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出ー批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小 型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。 稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的 艺术功底。<br />
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当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来ー副舉脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
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哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,ー个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人需要有 个性。”<br />
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1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
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如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画 派。这是!9世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画 就像一部小说或ー出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派 运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝 圣者像请佛ー样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画 派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
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他像奔跑在艺术山野里的小鹿,ー头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
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袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考 试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件和艺术才能 的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖 カ气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严 格的训练——<br />
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挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们 是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与 被画者保持绝对的耐性。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面”,画上一整天,只画了半个头 像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履 的中年人走过来,这是礼聘来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出 满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供 同学们观摩。<br />
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这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉 柯夫教学体系。袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀一苏联 在中国土地上开办的艺术エ厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
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苏联专家的宠儿,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手 不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺 术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生 来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
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但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容 易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
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苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便 朝那里走去。他停在ー帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来ー阵电灼 般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
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这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜 映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的 感情,像酒ー样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
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看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛 苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生一向日葵,仿佛摇 身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探 求……这哪里是绘画呀,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每ー线条和每一色块 都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
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袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被ー支锐利的艺术之 箭射穿了。<br />
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他回到宿舍,ー头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高オ生转瞬间变成 西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
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宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地 问:“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
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“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作 品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
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他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在 一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的 基础。有这个就够了。下ー步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚。<br />
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他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过 程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧 上了天,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际 上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在 干着什么蠢事呀?……<br />
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袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
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好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,ー个几亿人的 社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎。<br />
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从那以后,他变得不大安分了, ー头温驯的伏尔加式的小鹿,现出烈性马驹的 本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标〇<br />
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目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
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从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里 之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭ー张学生 证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶 子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹……<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
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长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象カ!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人, 栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱 翔 <br />
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他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。 他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条 表现出高超的魅力。<br />
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站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他 的思绪如抛出的ー缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作 两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近 求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从 东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
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祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
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虎丘<br />
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兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩 柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
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姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
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她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中 回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认 识ー下,如果手头有照片,请寄来ー张。<br />
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兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选ー张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。 这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息 ー样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
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兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以 后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些 年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有 点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
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此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人 占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想 象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的 眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不 容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,ー见钟 情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜 蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
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学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在 肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
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“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄 起话筒,ー惊一喜一那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
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兰英极カ掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,ー阵风似的跑到 学校的门口。<br />
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画家站在那里,手中照例拿着ー个速写本。<br />
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“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
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“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
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“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
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“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……”<br />
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兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春 岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意 味着向人生的ー个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
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“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
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“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
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当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
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和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深” 〇沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池 澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈 静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
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这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在ー起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她 觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
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“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
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“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
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可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术 他对这ー带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而 倾倒。<br />
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前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画 家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到 对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去,仿佛在祝福这ー对美 好的情侣。突然,ー股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
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这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林 的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰ー样醉红,双唇像微微绽 开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰 尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己 ー样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后 ー瞬 <br />
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“兰英,我要告诉你ー件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是’右 派’厂’<br />
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霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
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孤岛上<br />
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到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。!957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
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他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的 实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。 这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了 幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
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小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾 的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派 脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体,心情是焦渴的。当 蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家 生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
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小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左 右,オ有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
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“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好 啦……”<br />
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他看完报纸ー扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生 活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块 和线条的运用。<br />
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年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队 的宣传干事带到ー间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
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“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
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“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
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“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
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“为什么?”<br />
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“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查。你们学校填写了 两份材料,你的情况单纯。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
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袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是ー种荣幸,既然生活当中存在 这样ー些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过 了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加 以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
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“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放 炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
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不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情 调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活 见鬼!中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
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不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
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北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷,使 海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书 记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头,有碍“百花齐放”〇袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
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袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中 国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? ー连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
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有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像ー个漏了税的走私犯接受 审讯。<br />
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摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名一“反苏” 〇<br />
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究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然 他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
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他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他ー挥手:“请你到外 面等一会儿。”<br />
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他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听 见屋里在争论。<br />
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有人说:“够了……<br />
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有人说:“还不够…<br />
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有人说:“态度还好<br />
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他的好友在替他争辩,另ー些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉 默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
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“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
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政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色一红与黑。点朱 泼墨,二者居其ー,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不 同,观点对立,照样用黑笔ー勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
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晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
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哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
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“我是’右派’了。”<br />
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“呵?”哥哥大吃ー惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
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“我没犯错误。”<br />
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“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
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“他们说我是,就是啰。”<br />
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“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
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“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
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哥哥望着他那单纯的面孔,望着他嘴上柔软的茸毛,心缩紧了,欲哭无泪。他 只有18岁呀!被践踏而感觉痛苦的人是不幸的;被践踏尚且不懂得痛苦的人又是 多么可悲哪!他太年轻了,还没来得及向生活伸出触角,一旦他那稚嫩的敏感的神 经末梢感觉到痛楚,他能活下去吗?<br />
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他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山 造湖,兴修水库,ー颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场 面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地 指挥部,请求一边干活ー边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人 来访。<br />
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又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他ー个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌 午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃 地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝 惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
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可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受 改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。 只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成 呵斥的嗓门,ー张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了一仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
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他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
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过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后 来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
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小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活,学校当局不再 放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他オ感到了痛 苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷 中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出 ー串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
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屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床 前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
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他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是ー种负担。我 需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
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新月<br />
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タ阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透 明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对 青年男女。<br />
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这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们ー页ー页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初 恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像ー阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只 残忍的巨手ー挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严 峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择。<br />
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在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的ー 群,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以 “杀气腾腾煽风点火”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下 没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对 他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁 愿与鬼贼联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
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在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每ー个姑娘 都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵ーー询 问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,エ资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和 间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称ー称。爱情的内容转变了,转变 为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义。<br />
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兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血 管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽 得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富 贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色 的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
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兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气。因此,她 还不懂得利害。<br />
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政治运动对姑娘来说,像ー场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来 得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些 了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些 “右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她 还时常听到这样的告诫:有オ华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现 实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不 断得到强化。<br />
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抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的 嘲讽。<br />
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眼前的画家又是ー个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离 经叛道的歧路,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为 政治问题?为什么要让ー个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛 献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家 不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇 气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的オ华……什么是オ华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它 是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘 喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下ー颗蓝色 的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提 起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
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画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子,也是有限的宽恕,一 切还同过去ー样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
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“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
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“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
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“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
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这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到 足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激 动的光辉:“世上有オ华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏 看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
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难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把オ华糟蹋得像ー块抹布的年月里,这句话,他 不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子 无オ便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,オ华再也不是令知识分 子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火 焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
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兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市 的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费カ气地 获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝 沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究 竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯 灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被 搞得阴阳颠倒！ ー时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到ー颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙ー样晶莹闪烁。<br />
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兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
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画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
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“喜欢。”<br />
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“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
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“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
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画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝里滚动。<br />
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ー弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一 尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
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画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做 人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进 行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的 苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
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双桥<br />
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当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具 的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢一充当囚犯, 颠沛流离,饱尝辛酸……<br />
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翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
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我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石礙,弓 着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下ー闪ー闪。<br />
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这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但 是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是 最年轻的ー个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石礙,ー拉就是一天。<br />
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二十几个人住在ー间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里 两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。 几年前,在他们头顶上发生的那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄 默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成 为ー门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向 两极。<br />
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袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头ー个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,ー头畜力转眼 间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻 找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
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他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能 像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就 运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着 他。试问,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射 的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙 的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变 形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那 样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展 示了情景交融的空间ーー略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
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他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵 他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多 张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着 既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
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住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举 止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的 学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
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“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画 吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去「’<br />
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这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府 里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
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一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义 的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着 人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
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散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特 儿是清痺的、憔悴的,ー副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出ー个美的灵 魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
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“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
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这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
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ー个被撤职的党委书记,ー个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下 扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
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雨纷纷<br />
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画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业 分配。<br />
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东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻 掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南 鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降 临头上。<br />
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兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有 篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
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当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋 友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
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姑娘一五ー十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住。<br />
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兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象カ,把故事编得像田园牧 歌ー样美妙 <br />
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“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
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“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
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“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子〇”<br />
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“那个人干什么的?”<br />
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“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
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“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英 将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
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但是,在学校的ー间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒 的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主 义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去 的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
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兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了<br />
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“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样ー个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣 个黑锅背ー辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
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“我乐意……”<br />
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“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍 白,四肢麻木,像是ー个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的 姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴 的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
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更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她, 好像她做了什么亏心事。ー颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使 她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
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她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨一爸爸生前的战友。<br />
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阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
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兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方 设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空ー样阴郁。<br />
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“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说;我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
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她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
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西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨 非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
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兰英的眉心舒展了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
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“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢,”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍ー个男<br />
朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证 会喜欢他……”<br />
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兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
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阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养 感情嘛……”<br />
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姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进ー团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲 径好像布满陷阱。ー种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。 给你!”<br />
<br />
兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节 奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
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回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰 英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
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“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
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“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好 好谈谈吧……”<br />
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晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
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“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们 党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
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“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分 子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们ー些好处。打个比喻吧,好 比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那 些人再好,也不能使用。你多想ー想吧……”<br />
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姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头ー次听说,在政策的背后 还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
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这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所 醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。ー个势单力孤的女 子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他 吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰 尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情 愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为ー个农 家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来 时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像 断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
<br />
第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看ー 看就会明白的。”<br />
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这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到ー篇文 章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么 呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的ー小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的 题目 <br />
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水乡记忆<br />
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“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
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“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
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“我先尝尝一哈,又香又脆!”<br />
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“放开肚皮吧,反正不花钱……”<br />
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袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼 声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
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这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回 到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择ー处乡土气息 浓厚的地区深入生活,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓 库隔壁的ー间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏 杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传ロ号消失了,生理本能 在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满 几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是ー出率先占有填充 材料的喜剧。<br />
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袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
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“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
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“别理他!”<br />
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这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预ー 下也无可厚非。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
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然而,夜间的梦寐并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理 解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的 心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
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回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,ー股不可遏制的创作冲动驱 使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去ー个晚上的 时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
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他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小 呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
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他把行李卷、画布和油彩,ー股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型 文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积 着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上ー摊,不 分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两 个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
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这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
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《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画 家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的 分数都不肯给。<br />
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水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
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画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有 玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
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看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。ー 个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开ー张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。ー个 淳朴的小女孩刚オ卖掉ー只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看 被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔 下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着ー桩桩美好的故事ーー人们 在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
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桥下是ー泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相 擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在 船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
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这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时 更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚 强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举 世无双的韧性一走向明天!<br />
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谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁 的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪 夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的 语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
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当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有 人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。 作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视 的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用 西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘 出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩,年画的敦厚朴实和壁 画的装饰趣味。<br />
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把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为ー炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿 了吧！<br />
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但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放 废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的 后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀 把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门 的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把 它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
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离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取 缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该 被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着ー堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不 画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指 责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的 路口只亮着ー盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
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中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我 可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出 作者的艺术才能。”<br />
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只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可 怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家 应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世一其中也 包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
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月台边<br />
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兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
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阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力 的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟 他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子,还会累及子女。<br />
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那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘 与画家结合的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的 人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来 的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
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这是ー场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
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阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效カ,递过ー支笔、ー张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
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兰英接过纸笔。<br />
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她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表 示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家 能够得到另ー个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后ー个字,信纸上满是斑斑 泪痕。<br />
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阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你 不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
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“本来就是被迫的「’兰英没好气地说。<br />
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阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
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兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷 吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语 言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将 把信撕得粉碎,ー赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净 <br />
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兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
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画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条 件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
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姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
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对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
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“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
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学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个 长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
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火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风 光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人 头攒动的月台上,她ー眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
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兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。 但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑 娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
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画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
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“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什 么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
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姑娘把旅行袋往前ー递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听 懂是什么意思。<br />
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“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑ー趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日 子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
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明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何 是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解一那些无尽无休的劝说、挑 唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
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兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有 同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同 财产,是一条印花双人床单。在ー间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪 式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫 近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
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人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
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兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽 容一除了东北三省之外,其他任何ー个城市都行。实心眼儿的姑娘把手指放在 地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山 海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
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她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀 和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一 度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条 件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着ー块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身 来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生 活无法自理。直到这时,她オ感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
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画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到ー份工作,又赶到唐山,好 不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户ロ的证件。至此,他们已经两地分 居六年了。<br />
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兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年 了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西ーー优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青 春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了 巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。 耿耿银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
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陋室铭<br />
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破木桌上摊开ー张纸片,ー只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了 圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱 子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
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这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还 是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
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小屋只有!4平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, ー排大连铺占去三分之ニ的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间 是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
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眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这 个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好 几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所 听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
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兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
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兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食 堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不 发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝 糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头ー样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那 些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
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家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物 价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买 不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱ー个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
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他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
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“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
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“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
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妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服ロ袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
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儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
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过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
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画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
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儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚オ他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤 肉颠得没影了……<br />
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“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
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儿子也笑了。ー场精神上的欢笑代替了假日的会餐。<br />
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在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门 面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现 代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处 境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得 很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到 家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
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在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似 的想点办法?”<br />
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“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
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“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合 过得去……”<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
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妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题ー搁,永远不再提起。<br />
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兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们 家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥ー顿饱ー顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的 换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环 境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣 服洗一洗吧。”<br />
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“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干ー场。<br />
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他把床单和衣服泡了满满ー盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他ー忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;ー忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
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他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板 凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
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兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过ー丝苦笑。<br />
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画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
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一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚 子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,ー共跳了多 少次?，，<br />
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画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
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兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪一整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。<br />
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干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
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天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入 睡;儿子ー沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手 抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另ー只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
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漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
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兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为 人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为ー个正直的画家的妻子的全部 甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕 耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还 被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦 楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
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她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙<br />
爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
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车轮下<br />
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袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱 地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
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兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为ー家人做早饭。<br />
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画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
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兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺ー躺。”画家匆匆吃过 早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
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在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过ー场大雪,北风ー刮,马路上结 着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
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画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜 劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命的时刻。<br />
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人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
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穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽 听ー阵隆隆的马达声。ー辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。 速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人 带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的 传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
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街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
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卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。 卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团 儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
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这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸ロー轧,就 算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃 脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
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按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同 情一预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦 的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。 即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头一抗争！<br />
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接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡 车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车 咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人 们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
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“千万不能倒下「’画家想,“ー倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
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卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反<br />
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应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
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画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
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抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天<br />
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ォ清醒过来。<br />
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兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾ー切地赶到医院。存车的时 候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙 怎么也拔不出来。<br />
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存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚オ进医院的时<br />
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候,自己还能走路。"<br />
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兰英这オ觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
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兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫 妻双双躺在床上。<br />
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孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和<br />
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女儿一人捧回ー包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
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儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
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女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
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兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早<br />
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地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心 灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿 <br />
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画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰<br />
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问。他们留下ー百块钱赔偿经济损失一画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
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客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
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兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看ー<br />
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眼也令人伤心。<br />
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画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
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“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
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画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知<br />
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道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民ーー我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去「’<br />
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这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是ー个贫病交困的人的 最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对ー些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那 样遥远,拼着性命オ能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼 痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘 寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
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数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情 目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
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袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的 印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
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袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花 甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,ー举ー动都受到街道居委 会的监视。<br />
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袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没 有什么值得高兴的一中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路 线走ー遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽 然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
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江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上 挂着一幅画框,嵌着ー张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那 张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到 使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
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袁运生打开画夹,把ー组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的 牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人 物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的 笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
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“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真 诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
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袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨 的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风 中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手ー丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
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画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于!974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白 描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
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江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他 说:“呵,黄河! ー泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声 音……"<br />
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春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了 !<br />
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担担画<br />
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“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
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美术界ー些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头 角,施展オ华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任 河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各 种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是ー个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。 这个磨砺精深的艺术家,就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
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乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
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在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现 了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,ー头不驯服的长发 如垂下万根烦恼丝。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁 了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
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他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
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兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
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兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议 事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就 是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
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1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机 会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
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他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了 妻子,全家人像过节ー样快乐<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
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“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
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女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
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“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
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他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
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兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
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丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注ー掷了 !”<br />
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是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举 动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一 个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使ー颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴ー样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
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晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,ー针针,ー线线,直缝到天 色薄明。<br />
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“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
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“三个月吧。”画家说,“你ー个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
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妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
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这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府一景洪。他被西双版纳惊 人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林 绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水 晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁 着珠光宝气。<br />
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有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天 堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾 洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
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他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地。招待所的服务人员很 有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进ー间中等客房。<br />
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画家开ロ就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
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服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
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“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
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“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
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“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
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他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下ー步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各<br />
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的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
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幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出 的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
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云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族 的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
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好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的 背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有!40多斤重。小伙子看了直 抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
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袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
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瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
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奏鸣曲<br />
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瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
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呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
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那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝ー样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
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就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
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西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰 富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住 兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在ー棵树 前,一画就是一整天。<br />
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“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
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“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古 老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
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袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。 每ー笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家 的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小 虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理 昧 <br />
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中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来オ深有感 受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
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画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在ー起的<br />
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他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情 而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
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每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。 晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛 着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗 条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
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“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银 铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她 们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露ー截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使 她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后ー盘,自然地溜向ー 边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
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少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来ー阵阵悠扬 的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在 纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
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诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就 在苦苦思索ー个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
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美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出 你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
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面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我 感受却不尽相同。ー百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,ー百种不同的表现方法。<br />
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艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。<br />
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从夏末到中秋,他在ー串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勧定的一个偏僻的 小村寨。<br />
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这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上 开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本 寨的荣耀。<br />
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同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无カ同病魔 斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是 “鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者ー商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那<br />
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些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
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“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的ー 瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精 粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的 请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起 画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
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小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的 经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂 痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在ー起进餐,然后由男方挑着担 子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱 护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像ー泓溪 水那样清澈。<br />
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一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清 脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的 手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
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这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在 古老的贝叶经里的传说一从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘 据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑 娘们生出ー计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头ー沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒 醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。 一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使 自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
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晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这 万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
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广为流传的神话传说,往往是ー个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到 的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑 海里汇集,逐渐熔化为ー团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳 美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地 多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西 双版纳。这是ー个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、 秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条一单纯与丰富高度和谐地统ー!<br />
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他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的 独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。 那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的ー组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
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昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘 绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
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公主啊!<br />
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你是ー颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
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但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
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把宝石镶在我的心上 <br />
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他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
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二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
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袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
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兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心 开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画 不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
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画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失 火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
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其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们 忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
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画家在长春的ー个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁 愕然了。<br />
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这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰 英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出ー个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗 震棚挪动着……<br />
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显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的 艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
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朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那<br />
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位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道<br />
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壁画之梦<br />
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不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白 皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的 空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀ー样扑朔不定。他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。他搞不 清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里……<br />
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昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的 画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。ー抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳 光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从 梦境回到了现实的世界。<br />
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这是!979年1月,在北京白家庄。<br />
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袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水 晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候 机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍 特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成 了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建 筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业 技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理 者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和エ艺 美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得 到了推荐,也在被邀请之列〇<br />
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随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热 度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使ー些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑 文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否 定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以 免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对 稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单ー些,拿他的 话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。”<br />
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袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节一生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻<br />
辑和客观条件应运而生的。<br />
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候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的ー块地 方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙 壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美 的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心 中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝 叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴 的哲理。他决定挨弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。”<br />
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主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思 毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在 以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知 命运如何?<br />
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袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是 工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动 的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境……<br />
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在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大 门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统ー。那座大门 却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门 搏斗,ー支接ー支地吸烟,ー张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可 以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和 生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。<br />
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“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。<br />
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“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……”<br />
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在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一 个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充 满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风 雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出ー股韧性。为了 重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟 此时的心情。<br />
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整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉 的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法ーー“拱桥的两头 很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么 美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》）<br />
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实现这个迷人的想法,真是ー项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多 彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活 和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每ー 个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意 味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去 表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了……<br />
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又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还 有灯光。<br />
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这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴 山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟 弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧……<br />
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对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他 还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在 毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀!<br />
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天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休 息几天,回长春去过年吧。”<br />
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袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用〇第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制〇”<br />
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“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多 了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。”<br />
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提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能 在家待几天?”<br />
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画家说:“春节ー过,还得讨论画稿。这ー稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了〇”<br />
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兰英叹了一 口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……”<br />
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画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。”<br />
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兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?”<br />
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画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。<br />
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这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻 璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下ー个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹……<br />
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从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
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忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴 云笼罩着 <br />
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牛皮纸<br />
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春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。<br />
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绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机 场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材 料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、 冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
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参加《泼水节一生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶 来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传 统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
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脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月 的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。<br />
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兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的ー次 妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她 的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。<br />
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在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用 的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气 设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻 待在ー起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就 翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是 深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮エ。<br />
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好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院 时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是 出乎意料的,几个月以前的ー小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是 <br />
外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到 癌一恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不 是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意 识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务 的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢?<br />
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她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了 候机大楼,站在脚手架旁……<br />
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大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进 来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着ー 场真正的建设一脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着 画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到 了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额 垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出 的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在……<br />
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兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。 从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,ー个艺术赤子的オ华、 智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔 端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳 茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动 作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚 鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。 艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华!<br />
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站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。<br />
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兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺 术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得 到了精神的补偿。<br />
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这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查 有结果了吗?”<br />
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兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说<br />
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妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。”<br />
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“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
<br />
Chapter Two<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对ー对 画稿上的人物动作。”<br />
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“好吧。”妻子应允了。<br />
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兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分 子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时 间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身 的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容……<br />
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几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的 一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为ー个外科 医生,如果给自己开ー张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切 除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时 机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的ー桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手 术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的 亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カー搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的 希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏 在心底很久很久了。<br />
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一声长笛,列车开走了,载着ー颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾 霭中 <br />
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袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过 墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,ー株热带丛林特有的 鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地 面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像 是在为自己的青春而骄傲……<br />
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环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画 家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对 墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。<br />
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洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女 表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江 里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。 “我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的 崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的ー种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维 纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的 崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况 他画的是神话传说而不是习俗……<br />
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看来,画家打错了主意?<br />
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在ー些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富 有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生 产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿 穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了 别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并 没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和 犯罪搅成一池浑水。<br />
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盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象 征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。<br />
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这并不显眼的一角却引来ー批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看 热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
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这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不題了。如 要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花 任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想 到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的ー场争论。<br />
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六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受 尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界 上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的ー班轻薄少年、 无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之 照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人 提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军 阀败北。<br />
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历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的ー桩旧案犹未了结<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思 想解放!”<br />
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他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人 帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。<br />
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舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的 绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用 进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时 的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事……<br />
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不是结尾<br />
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10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在 大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动……<br />
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首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获 得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁 画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞 歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次 文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来 到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。<br />
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国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁 说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人ー进入中国就有一个强烈 的印象,这种艺术是ー个国家国力的象征。”<br />
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日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉 朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉 得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……”<br />
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这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的 日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖 的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆 动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰 ー样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔……<br />
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呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化?<br />
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不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着 ー个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作 是坚定正确的表现。他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不 再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强 化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。<br />
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那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧?<br />
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只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。 直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从 她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她 静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无 望,只等待手术的判决……<br />
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ー个人站立起来了,另ー个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南 去的列车上ー见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也 不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、 贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术 经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下ー笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。<br />
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画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼 眶里滚动。<br />
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他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:ー种是诚实的艺术家;另 ー种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。<br />
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他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限 度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少ー些吗?<br />
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他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。<br />
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后记:<br />
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本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又辻了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世 事变迁未可尽述。<br />
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——作者<br />
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（原载《十月》1980年6月）<br />
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==卷一：10.热血男儿==<br />
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热血男儿<br />
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李士非<br />
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满腔的热血已经沸腾。<br />
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《国际歌》<br />
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ー、能见到袁庚吗?<br />
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在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天,蛇口エ业区和它的领导人袁庚,名扬国内外,越 来越引人注目。<br />
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但是,我接受写袁庚的任务,未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他,手头也没有 积累多少关于他的资料,而且听说采访他很困难:他是香港招商局常务副董事长 （人们因此亲切地称他为袁董）,大部分时间在香港,每到蛇口,都忙得不可开交, 实在抽不出时间接受采访。但是,过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观,听过介绍,看 过录像,袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣,接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口 来,这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。“能见到袁庚吗?”“即使见不到袁庚也要写!”所谓 “冒险”,无非是写不出或写不好,个人面子不好看罢了,比起袁庚和他的朋友们从 事改革所冒的风险,简直是微不足道的。<br />
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仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气,到这里待ー些日子也是值得的。<br />
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“如果你只能待很短的时间,我劝你趁早打退堂鼓,不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆 辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意,开弓没有回头箭,退堂鼓是 不好打的。<br />
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二、夜访梁宪<br />
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在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口,袁庚出国去了,说是7月底或8月初 才能回来。最了解他的ー个人,东江纵队时期就和他ー起工作,现任蛇口工业区顾 <br />
问的许智明,到澳大利亚探亲去了,归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同, “时间就是金钱,效率就是生命”,白天工作紧张,找人谈话很难,晚上访问也要事 先约定,因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰 上袁庚的儿子袁中印,《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意,他马 上说:“有什么好写的?这么多人写过了,要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受 了乃父的影响,不大欢迎采访。“慢慢来吧,我一定要找你的。”我心里说。<br />
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多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙,约定了 一天晚上9点钟去访问エ业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人,穿过海 滨花园,沐着海风,经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边,漫步走向梁宪的住 处。早已听说,他!962年毕业于中山大学外语系,是梁宗岱教授的高足,对法国文 学很有研究。果然,ー见之下,我就感到他是ー个充满艺术气质的人。<br />
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他掏出港币,买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客,然后和我们谈笑风生。<br />
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“你们是文人,我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人,她在中央戏剧学 院教书。我对她说:你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的,但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。 中国像你们这样的文人太多,像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一 句英语,“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙,黄虹坚ー时也 没反应过来,陈宜浩翻译说:“他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑 起来。<br />
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梁宪大学毕业的时候,老百姓正在饿肚子,大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法 国文学的尖子,后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作,比袁庚晚半 年多一点。袁庚很器重他,有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。<br />
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“我去香港的时候,老婆说:最怕你没骨气,没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是 有的,外派干部只要有一点热血,就不是追求几大件,而是感到抬不起头来!<br />
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“刚到香港,每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐,ー串串的,海上漂着偷渡者的尸 体,我们不能忍受,啪一声把电视关了。<br />
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“我们国内建设搞不好,连ー些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们, 心里真难受呀。所以,我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过:’我之所以这么干,是 为了实现我入党时的初衷。’”<br />
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一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿,梁宪又概括地说:<br />
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“我熟悉的人当中,有两个热血男儿,ー个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛,ー个就是 袁庚!”<br />
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好一个“热血男儿” !这个词太恰当了,把这两个人相提并论太好了,我不禁<br />
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怦然心动,觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。<br />
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也真巧,比我年长20岁的刘任涛,是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第 一流的眼科专家,共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长,曾为刘伯承元帅安过义 眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》,改行当了电影编剧,“文化大革命”中在珠 影被诬为“历史反革命”,打断五根肋骨,投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动 期间,他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明,不顾自己的政治处境,不顾没 有任何医疗条件,决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他:“万一失败,你就 是阶级报复,就会重进监狱。”他不听,他终于成功了。“作为医生,我拯救了我的 灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀,立下遗嘱:死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢 复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
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刘任涛和袁庚,经历和事业完全不同,但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身 精神,是多么相似呵!我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚,觉得对袁庚也开始熟 悉了。<br />
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三、“冒险家”<br />
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刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障,要冒风险。袁 庚在蛇口进行改革,要冒更大的风险:两年之前,不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影 地攻击经济特区嘛!<br />
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但是,时代毕竟不同了,今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月 9日,胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区,袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆,和总书记有一 段精彩的对话。<br />
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袁庚:关于改革问题,现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看,凡是搞改革 的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法,最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变 法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪,改良主义,结果六君子被 杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革,我想不会落得前人这样 的下场,我们是在党的领导下进行的,不会有问题吧,我们值得冒这个险!<br />
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胡耀邦:过去的改革是下层少数人去改,领导者、统治者是压制的。现在 不同,我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改,现在和过去根本不同嘛!<br />
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袁庚:我们感到,我们的干部是不大怕群众的,只怕顶头上司,怕上司不喜 欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说,我每次来蛇口,ー上码头,前呼后 拥的,下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒,就会忘乎所以,久而久之, 就不怕群众,不怕下级,因为群众、下级撤不了我的职,我只怕交通部,怕顶头 上司,只有他们才能撤我的职。<br />
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所以,群众监督干部,群众有权选举和罢免干部,这至关重要。我们这里 想搞个改革试点,管委会由群众选举产生,每年投一次信任票,如果不信任票 超过半数,管委会就得改选,个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公 开的、直接的,由群众投票选举的领导班子,就会想群众之所想,急群众之所 急,就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手,就有人自动送礼 上门,如果头脑不清醒,不能自律,就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装 懂,诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部,我相信可以改变一下干部的结 构和干部的作风。我们想做这样ー个不太小的改革,准备冒一点风险。<br />
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胡耀邦:（点头）好!很好!<br />
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袁庚:总书记说了好,我们就记录在案,马上打报告这样做。<br />
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胡耀邦:（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿,在哪 ー出戏里我忘记了,讽刺官僚主义者,他不敢骂台上的官,只敢骂戏台上堂前 的鼓。有一段唱词说:“一棵大树腹中空,两头都是皮儿绷,每天上堂敲三下, R卜咚ゆ咚又ゆ咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛!（全场大笑）<br />
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党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印,想到ー块去了,这在蛇口的发 展史上,是应当大书特书的。<br />
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1983年4月24日,选举产生了蛇口エ业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22 日,按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票?组干处处长虞 德海说:“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的,信任票不足半数就 得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决,一定要搞信任投票。” 投票结果,管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数,袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上,全 部投票公开,任人查阅,尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐,如“某某能力低”“某某 不堪信任”之类,也不加掩饰。<br />
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这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。<br />
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四、“那里不肯放,就辞职!”<br />
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选举产生领导班子,定期举行信任投票,这是袁庚深思熟虑的ー项决定。他深<br />
深感到,不改革干部制度,不改变干部结构,任何改革都无从谈起,“四化”也只是 一句空话。<br />
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有的领导干部,居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人:“你们大学建多大的桥?” 问来访的美国客人:“英国人讲英语,你们美国人讲什么语?”还有人向中央领导同 志汇报他到香港考察的收获:“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯!”如此等等,令人 啼笑皆非。这样的干部,怎能担当建设“四化”的重任!<br />
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蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地）,指挥部只有 二十多个干部的时候,袁庚就开始考虑如何培育ー支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命 化的干部队伍。1981年,他排除阻カ,毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班,从全国 各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说,“我是个冒险家,为了蛇口的改革,我从 全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。<br />
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当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员,委托交通部下属的交通科 学院情报所代为主持,在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、 江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。<br />
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王潮梁!938年出生于江苏无锡,1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计 专业。早在1958年,他就参考外国的资料,在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫 原理,并和同学们一道造出了样品,在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对 飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是,在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年 代,几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机エ厂飞机设 计室任产品主管设计员,那时生产要听驻厂军代表的,而军代表只相信苏联专家和 苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料,翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂, 即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂,也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚 子气,却毫无办法。岁月如流,王潮梁搞了 17年飞机设计,却看到我们的飞机エ业 比印度还落后;又研制了四年的飞翔船,却看不到一艘飞翔船下水,那种壮志难酬 的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会,唯一的名额给了业务上 根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培 训班招生的广告时,他兴奋极了,“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方,去!”立刻把广告 剪下来,郑重地贴在本子上。<br />
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他第一个走进考场,第一个走出考场。笔试、面试,成绩优良。主持考试的情 报所林鸿慈同志下了结论:这是个人才,录取！<br />
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但是,在中国有一个很大的矛盾:生产资料是全民所有制,干部却是单位私有 制。ー个单位可以把ー个或ー批人才冷藏ー辈子<br />
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长江航运科研所不肯放人。<br />
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198I年11月,袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他,向他汇 报了招生的情况,特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。<br />
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袁庚很激动。<br />
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“小王是不是党员?”<br />
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“不是。”<br />
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“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量,开个头,那里不肯放,就辞职!我这 里收。最多就是人家去告状,最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先 例。告到国务院,我们就把这个同志的情况报上去,中央领导会支持我们。新华社 社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开’干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人 在单位不充分发挥作用,又不让调,这个局面不打开是不成的!”<br />
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林鸿慈被袁庚打动了,写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁,同时通过各种渠道 去做说服、疏通工作。终于,用不着王潮梁辞职,单位同意放人了。1982年,王潮 梁来到蛇口工业区。<br />
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五、企业管理研究生<br />
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1982年12月的一天晚上,ー个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
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这是一次事先约定的会见。<br />
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年轻人叫余昌民,刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清 华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生,工作了八九年,深感中国企业管理的弊病 太多,1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年, 专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息,《读卖新闻》为 此发了专稿,登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了,干什么好呢?学校建议他到国家 经委属下的中国企业研究协会去,这当然是个专业对口的美差,但是在武汉工作的 爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候,蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。他每星期上街 去买《深圳特区报》,得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝,如饥似渴地加以研 究。不难判断,蛇口エ业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去!决心下定了,系 里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会,经朋友介绍,他就来登门拜访了。<br />
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会面的一瞬间,两个人互相观察了一下。<br />
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“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗?穿件中式棉袄,和一般的老干部没啥差别,不 是想象中的那个改革家的模样,而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真 的值得?”<br />
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真正的一闪念,没容余昌民多想,袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
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谈话开门见山。<br />
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“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里?”<br />
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“在于体制。”<br />
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“对了!”袁庚兴奋起来,侃侃而谈,“上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦,说 他们要一千人,劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用,那七百是搭配的闲人,你再要, 就再搭配,再多余,反正是大锅饭,大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了,还说这是社会主义 的优越性!这样,工厂冗员越来越多,工厂成了小社会,在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的, 形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ,败坏着我们的民族素质!这样的体制不改革,我们 就没有出路!”<br />
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“我的ー篇论文,提出了企业的素质问题。”<br />
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“有何高见?”<br />
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“素质,好比基本作用,像女排,形成了她们的基本作风,就有战斗カ。”<br />
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“就把ー个企业比作球队吧,假如你是教练,别人随便塞人给你,你怎么办?”<br />
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“我不要。”<br />
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“不要不行!”<br />
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“那我不干。”<br />
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“对了,就得这样。”<br />
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一老ー少,越谈越投机,彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处ー闪而过的那点 疑虑也完全打消了。<br />
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“我们这里可要冒点风险。”<br />
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“正因为这样オ要去,建设好了还去干什么?”<br />
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“你个人有什么要求?”<br />
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“只要求家属ー起去。”<br />
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“这个我们来办。”<br />
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两个月后,余昌民父亲去世,回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化,系里要留他。 企业管理系刚刚建立,工作需要,理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚 飞往蛇口,收不回来了。<br />
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1983年3月,袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客,系里派余昌民随行。系 领导的目的,是让校长对余昌民有个印象,说服他留下来,同时出面解决他家属的 户ロ问题。<br />
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谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口,袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有,余昌 民暗示要做刘达的工作。<br />
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余昌民再一次请求:“校长,让我来蛇口吧。”<br />
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“系里要我帮忙留你,我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。<br />
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袁庚一再要求支持:“刘达同志,把小余给我们吧,我们迫切需要企业管理的专 门人才。”<br />
<br />
刘达心动了。这位参加过“ー二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
<br />
回去后,余昌民给系里写了报告,对系里的教育培养表示感谢,说明清华企业 管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设,这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都 至关重要。<br />
<br />
问题迎刃而解。7月,夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。<br />
<br />
当余昌民到エ业区大楼报到的时候,在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉 着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口,边走边说:“你是研究企业管理的,你先熟悉ー 下情况,有把握了再谈工作……”<br />
<br />
袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信,其中有一段话:<br />
<br />
关于小余的事,同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失ー小余,无妨 大局,蛇口得之,如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下,エ业区将受其惠。<br />
<br />
重感情的刘达,把这封信送给了余昌民,让他留作永久的纪念。<br />
<br />
六、星期天的早晨<br />
<br />
星期天早晨8点钟,顾立基刚起床,洗了脸,正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同 学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的,大家都熬了夜,现在让他们多睡一会儿 吧。顾立基轻手轻脚,唯恐弄出一点声音来。<br />
<br />
“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗?”<br />
<br />
门外传来ー个声音。顾立基一看,走廊上站着ー个六十多岁的老人和一个 姑娘。<br />
<br />
“我就是顾立基,您是?”<br />
<br />
“我是袁庚,蛇口的袁庚〇”老人首先伸出手来,“这是我女儿尼亚,她不放心我 的身体,一定要陪我来,其实我的身体还可以。你看,骑了半小时车子,轻松愉快。”<br />
<br />
顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 他深受感动。<br />
<br />
“我们到楼下谈吧,同学们还在睡觉。”<br />
<br />
楼下有一张靠背长椅,三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨,不冷不热,阳光和煦, 轻风拂面,校园一片宁静的气氛。<br />
<br />
“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会?”<br />
<br />
“是的,现在会员有一千多人了,成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。”<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长?”<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊,”顾立基笑了, “我是说过想当厂长,为此还惹过ー些麻 烦呢。”<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦?”<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。”<br />
<br />
“岂有此理!想当个厂长是什么野心!’不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’,这 是拿破仑说的还是谁说的? 一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对!”<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的,但是我感到中国更需要管理人才,所以主动旁听了企业管理 系研究生的全部课程。”<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧,我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班,要培养大量的管理人才。”<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像,我的心就动了,只是还没下定决心。”<br />
<br />
“现在呢?”<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了,去蛇口。”<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗?”<br />
<br />
有什么困难? 1982年的初夏,社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的,有人在 报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界,影射特区有变成租界的危险,造成一股无形的压 力,因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些,可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的 人在ー起,冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去,下属工厂任他挑选,这 些,对他有一定的吸引力。他自从!967年中学毕业,1968年进上海印染机械修配 厂,十年中当过锅炉エ、车エ、錠エ、钳エ、电エ,当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不 惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为,1974年顾立基和他们争吵过ー 次,挨了批斗,却受到工人们的同情,和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要 毕业了 ,朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查,他是材料组的负责 人,如果不来上大学,早就走上领导岗位了,现在回去,工作安排是不成问题的。但 是,陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大,他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的 是,母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房,姐妹们都在外地,母亲 希望他留在身边,爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口,使他动了感情,他滔 滔不绝地发起议论来。<br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办ー个工业区 呢?为了在那块地方搞改革,搞全面的改革,从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度,都 要改,不改就没有出路。过去三十年,极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。 1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候,海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体,都是青年,他们为什 么要跑?因为我们穷!<br />
<br />
“’四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’,越搞跑的人越多。ー些村子的青壮年几乎跑 光了,真叫人欲哭无泪!蛇口对面就是香港的元朗,相隔只有6000米,晴天能看到 它的高楼,它就是在我们’十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了, 必须把经济搞上去,这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公 里,对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛,我们改革成功了,对全国就有很大 的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛,无伤大局。当然,我们一定要尽最大的 努力,争取成功,避免失败。我们这ー代人是老了,当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时 候,时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……”<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动,身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚,望 着自己的父亲,眼睛也有点热了……<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来,当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书,1984年4月被聘为 办公室主任。<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚,因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口,听说顾立基6日 ー早要去香港,5日晚我去登门拜访。<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告,我为 了听这个报告,推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的,谁都可以听,欢迎你去。”ー见面 顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗?”<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难,他在蛇口不会待太久,一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告, 你最好陪他回宿舍ーー他儿子的住处,或者宾馆,这样边走边谈,可以谈十来分 钟……”<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗?<br />
<br />
不管怎样,先听听他的报告再说吧。<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半,袁庚的报告准时开始。<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影,大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。 今天这个会也叫新闻发布会,街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂,基本上坐满 了,放眼望过去,都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。<br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上, 顾立基主持大会。<br />
<br />
ー开始,袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕,只讲个把钟头。”<br />
<br />
人们笑了,其实怕的是他讲得太短。<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问,历时23天,访问了 4个国家、16个公司、18个城市,从新加坡 开始,往西到英国,再到美国、日本,整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处,受到隆重的、 破格的接待,我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们 四个人,而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化,在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到 做蛇口人的光荣。”<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张,出国访问要花自己的钱,花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、 软弱的地位。这次出访,他们带了 20万美金的信用卡,足够用了,所到之处都坚持 这个原则,唯独在新加坡失灵了。那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系,但新加 坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检,从飞机场ー直送到最高级的香格里拉大 酒店,袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前,这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫 人;在他之后,住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨）,每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观 什么项目,全部满足要求。临走结账时,酒店经理说:“在你们到来之前,已经有人 付了全部费用。”<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁,英国老板们在海员罢エ浪潮的 冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们,给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深 刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说:“我们原打算3年之内种植 20万株月季,把蛇口建成玫瑰之城,现在看来太落后了……”<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国,主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡,大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔,华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民,交给他一把金钥匙。女 市长在宴会上说:“我是百分之百的中国人,也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说:“我 很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判,就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过, “在经济问题上,兄弟无情,六亲不认!何况是与外国人谈判「’<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前,有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过 的曲折。<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日,袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件,大家听了很高兴,但我们不要高兴得过早。不 要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了,但官僚主义、 红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事,还是有的。例如我们正在谈判 的浮法玻璃厂,到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃,为什么不准我们用 最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ?最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局 交涉。她们去的时候,人家一口答应,讲你们回去好了,但等我们企业室派人带合 同去盖章的时候,又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干,他们讲:‘你们派了记 者、作家来,我敢不答应吗?弄得不好,你们要写报告文学,写内参,我受得了 吗,？……”<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨,交涉了九个月,オ过了国内这ー关。<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判,当然不可能用这么长的时间,但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想 而知的。<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂,简直是一座玻璃城!它生产各式各样 的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃,用25磅大锤从20米外打去,地皮都震动了,玻璃却安 然无恙。我们和美国合资,投资ー亿美元,引进一座同样的エ厂,买他的专利,以后 我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点,集中在每年所付专利费 占销售总额的百分比上。<br />
<br />
美方要6%,我们还价4% 〇<br />
<br />
美方降到5%,我们加到4.5%。<br />
<br />
寸利必争,形成僵局。<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。<br />
<br />
“先生们,我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针,2000年前发明了火药,全人类 <br />
都在享受这些伟大的成果,可是他们从来没有要过什么专利,我们作为后代从来没 有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋,而是觉得光荣。请问各位,那时候你们的祖先在哪 里?恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前,是不是毛特别多……”<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前,一个个咧嘴笑了。<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕,我的意思不是不付专利费,而是要求公平合理r’<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格,坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们,说不 定会抗议呢!“你骂我们的祖先,是可忍,孰不可忍ド’<br />
<br />
终于达成协议:4.75%,为期!0年。<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进ー个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂,专利 费是5% ,时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处,绝不能走 美国的路!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退,エ业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走,他们还 有点生气,现在停滞不前了。<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方,转移到太平洋 沿岸。<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了,现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈,今天 下午四点半ー踏上蛇口码头,就感到无比的清新,感到ー草一木都非常亲切。<br />
<br />
“10月1日,蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话,那是大家的 功劳！<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的,思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上,我们ー定要 赶上和超过他们!”<br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时,宣布散会了,大家意犹未尽。<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了,我放弃了跟上去的打算。<br />
<br />
ハ、“搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
8月7日,袁庚开了一整天会,据说8日也不会有空,而9日ー早又要回香港 了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上,我给他写了一封信,说明这一次 如果不能和他交谈,我将等待,直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨,我把这封信 交给了エ业区党委副书记乔胜利,请他转交。<br />
<br />
8日上午,我到办公大楼访问王潮梁,两人刚坐下来,办公室副主任黄振超匆<br />
<br />
匆忙忙地叫我:“袁董回来了,快去见他!”<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉,说明另改时间,急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的,中间隔着大块的透明玻璃,老远就看 见了袁庚,他手里正拿着一大摞文件。<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候,黄振超在旁边向他说明:“只是见见面,不会占你很多 时间。”<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说:<br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的?来搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了,而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。我 知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。梁宪说过,前几年在北京开会,有一天袁庚 看了张洁的小说《爱,是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章,问他:“你认识这个作家 吗?咱们把她请到蛇口去!”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所 了解的,“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。<br />
<br />
我也笑着说:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋,要写你和蛇口。”<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下,舒服地往藤椅上一靠,摆出了准备 谈ー阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好,这里问题多得 很,改革每前进ー步都要经过斗争,到处充满着矛盾。”<br />
<br />
我说:“正是这一点吸引了我。”<br />
<br />
“ー个国家没有民主是不行的,而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。 我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国,政治家演说,群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿 扔他,他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的,但这ー套对巩固资产阶级的统 治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底,孙中山是 想搞民主的,他死得太早,没搞成。中华民族是伟大的,但是历史的包袱太重了。”<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿,她在美国学企业管理,谈起来也说:在 美国深有感慨,感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重〇<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族,就没有什么框框,我在报告会上也说了,他们的总督牌香烟广 告有一句口号是’想做就去做’,这句话香港也接受不了,译成’应做就去做’〇当 然,想干什么就干什么是不行的,但我们许多应干的事却干不成。”<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历,他扼要地做了回答,着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命” 中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时,这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来,<br />
<br />
微笑着站在那里不动,我知道是催他去开会,我们的谈话该结束了。<br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志,我们马上又赶到 太子宾馆,和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢,对监狱内外情形 都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说:<br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨,出来就蔦儿了,可是他不,他的劲头反而更大了。”<br />
<br />
我心里说:这オ是袁庚!<br />
<br />
过了几天,乔胜利对陈宜浩说:“袁董看了我的信,答应下次回来再和我谈。” 可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。<br />
<br />
8月25日上午,我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息,急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联 系。但是太迟了,他过了中午又要回香港,而上午的时间已经排满,就在和我通话 的时候,他不得不放下电话去开门。他说:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧,不要紧的,我们没有秘密。”<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访,ー时想不齐全,只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字, 他ーー做了回答:“这些也要发表吗?”我说:“不一定发表。”他说:“发表也没关系, 那天我讲话外国人也听了。”<br />
<br />
我说:“将来排出校样,送给你看看好吗?免得事实有出入。”<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查,出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的,难免出点差 错。捅点娄子也不要紧。”<br />
<br />
“好了,谢谢您。”<br />
<br />
“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。<br />
<br />
一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观,来到铝材厂门口时,他向学 员们介绍:这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人,23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起 来,大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停エ,ー个工人从高处摔下来受了伤,他的哥哥跑 过去看了看,见弟弟没有生命危险,便又回去干活了。<br />
<br />
袁庚说:“日本不富没有天理!中国改革不富也没有天理!”<br />
<br />
现在我想说:蛇口的改革不成功没有天理!<br />
<br />
九、大鹏魂<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚,魁梧、潇洒,兼有外交家和实业家的风度,具有一种吸引人的魅 カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢?<br />
拨开历史的迷雾,我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园,算 是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。<br />
<br />
1935年,他毕业于广州广雅中学,随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测 量员,他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校,陈济棠下台后,这家军校成了国民党中央军 校的分校。在学校里,袁庚是活跃的足球门将,练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕 业,他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官,ー个个腐化不堪,对民族危亡无动于衷,便愤 然回到故乡大鹏镇,担任第一小学校长,同时兼任地方自卫队教官。<br />
<br />
学校是国民党办的,自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的,但是学校和自卫队中都有 中共地下党员。<br />
<br />
戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚,在当地是ー个重要人物,三种政治力量对他都很 重视。<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文,和他住到ー起,亲自考察他。<br />
<br />
革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
<br />
1939年3月27日,袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党,从这ー 天起,他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。<br />
<br />
当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党 的漫画,刺痛了国民党区党部,他的处境变得危险了,党组织于!939年冬天把他转 移到党领导的抗日游击队,从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子, 像大鹏ー样展翅高飞了。<br />
<br />
抗日战争期间,美军作为盟军,在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组,担任东纵联 络处处长的袁庚,和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示,东纵和美 军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报,对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。<br />
<br />
日寇投降时,英军远在缅甸,ー个海军少将只率领ー营人乘航空母舰赶到香 港。他的兵力不足以维持治安,要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央,中 央复电:为了对付国民党的内战阴谋,坚决撤离港九地区;同时要求在香港设立联 络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判,袁庚不辱使命,漂亮地完成了任务,并成为驻 香港办事处的第一任主任,这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能 想到,历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折,二十多年后,这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。<br />
<br />
十、秦城监狱<br />
<br />
1968年4月6日,袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家,到机关去上班。北京的4月 初,春寒料峭,风沙迷眼,加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报,形成一片肃杀气氛,使袁 庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作,刚告一段落,还来不及喘口气, 就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息,他于愤 懑中保持着镇定。<br />
<br />
回到办公室不久,有人通知:“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门,看到 除部长之外,还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长,面孔板得像 ー座木雕。<br />
<br />
“袁庚,你被捕了!”<br />
<br />
下午,机关召开大会,部长在会上宣布:“袁庚是美国特务,已经依法逮捕。”袁 庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和 刘丹ー,互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周 总理安全的情景,记忆犹新,那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间,周旋于华侨社会 之中,眼睛熬红了,人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场,天理何在?!<br />
<br />
与此同时,汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中,勒令交出所有的钥匙,开始抄家。 翻箱倒柜,从下午抄到天黑,然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时,オ发现三个 孩子被关在门外不准进家,左邻右舍也不敢收留,孩子们在抹眼泪……<br />
<br />
从此以后,袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里,也不知是死是 活,到哪里打听都说不知道。!969年,汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校,孩 子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”,但作为“反革命家属”， 她只能干最脏最累的活,如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎,痛得胳膊抬 不起来,医生建议回北京治疗,干校就是不准。直到!972年初夏,她的大孩子中印 就要下乡插队了,她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服,打点行装,オ被批准。<br />
<br />
1972年7月,袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后,有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去 探监。“他还活着,他还活着!”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。<br />
<br />
汪宗谦心酸地发现,袁庚行走困难,说话声音也变了,而且他不知道当时是何 年何月！<br />
<br />
原来监狱里日夜亮着灯,犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替,失去了时间的概念;<br />
睡觉时只准脸朝外,一条腿总是压在下边,时间长了造成萎缩;长期不讲话,声带都 沙哑了。<br />
<br />
我曾经听说,袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西,只有放风时在天井里看到 墙根的小草。问他是不是这样,他说:<br />
<br />
“不,还有蚂蚁,我对蚂蚁很有研究。”<br />
<br />
这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量!<br />
<br />
汪宗谦见过了袁庚,就为救他而奔走了。<br />
<br />
“没见他不知道他死活,既然知道他还活着,我就怕他死了!问题还没搞清,死 了孩子们都得背黑锅呀!他住在楼上,要到楼下的天井放风,上下都很辛苦,我到 中央接待站去上访,请求把他搬到楼下来,这个要求被接受了。”<br />
<br />
袁庚搬到楼下的ー间房,发现席子底下有一团花白的头发,他判断这里关过ー 个五十多岁的女同志。后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事,王光美 说:“没错,正是我住过的那间房。”<br />
<br />
袁庚出狱,已是1973年9月30日,整整关了 5年半。<br />
<br />
在狱中,睡觉时只要一转身,看守就在外边敲门。夜晚,敲门声常常把人惊醒。 袁庚回到家里,刚一入睡就惊醒了,这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年,这种心悸 病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能,却用了更长的时间。每天,汪宗谦搀 着袁庚,ー步,ー步,慢慢地走,越走越远,越走越快,走了一年之久,两条腿オ恢复 了平衡。<br />
<br />
更可悲的是,有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子,出来不会走直路了,一走就 转圈,连马路也不能过。人啊,人！人的尊严到哪里去了！<br />
<br />
经过一年多的休养治疗,1975年,袁庚被分配到交通部,当了外事局副局长。<br />
<br />
ー恢复工作,袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体ー样活跃起来。<br />
<br />
恢复工作之前,袁庚骑自行车上街,总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道,“不能开 慢点吗” !恢复工作之后,自己也坐上了小汽车,有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了, “不能靠边骑吗” !他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化,在心里警告自己道: “可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀!”<br />
<br />
多年来,这成了他的一个信条。<br />
<br />
十ー、香港第一课<br />
<br />
1978年,做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚,以花甲之年改行搞经济,被派<br />
<br />
到香港招商局担任副董事长。<br />
<br />
招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日,招商局 香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱,从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。 历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长,所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。 从李鸿章算起,袁庚是第29任了。<br />
<br />
香港招商局在极'左‘思想影响之下,经营单一,困守一隅,搞了几十年没有什 么发展。袁庚到任,根据中央定下的“以航运为中心,立足港澳,背靠内地,面向海 外,多种经营,工商结合,买卖结合”的方针,以铁腕大力整顿。<br />
<br />
袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说:<br />
<br />
“我到香港的第一课,就是买了一座大楼,非常便宜,只花了 6180万（港币）。 第一次交订金时,支票2000万。那天是星期五,当时讲好下午2点钟,在ー个律师 楼里,大家一手交钱,一手交货。我们开了 2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的 对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里,发动机都没有停。ー上去之后,大 家一手交货,一手交钱,签字。签完字,对方拿着支票,两个人夹住,下去了。剩下 ー个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度,马上存到银行里去了。 因为明天是礼拜六了,人家银行关门,礼拜天也关门,假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前 不到银行去交那个支票的话,他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支 票交给他。我们的财务去了,他回来向我们报告,他说当时那个场面是很动人的。 当然,我们闭着眼睛也能想到,资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重 视,当时浮动利息是!4厘,三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志,那就 无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去,回家。他没有这个观念!这就是香港第一课。 我也不怕自惭形秽,ー窍不通,我接触经济工作,仅仅是5年多前开始的。但ー开 始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多!招商局的子公司多的是,ー检查,发现支 票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了 ,换了一个华东 财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后,我就给他讲这个道理,ー个礼拜之内他就能够接 受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事,立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后,财源 滚滚而来。……这个’时间就是金钱’,不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我,其实 这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’,它说得比我还 厉害,时间重于金钱!”<br />
<br />
招商局走上轨道,袁庚就考虑进ー步的发展了。1979年初,他和有关同志带 着在蛇口开发エ业区的蓝图,到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志 很感兴趣,当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给エ业区,袁庚还没有这个胆量,只要了<br />
<br />
2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候,袁庚心里默默 地说:<br />
<br />
“先念同志,签吧,您这ー笔下去,将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀!”<br />
<br />
十二、淸新<br />
<br />
1984年8月,蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅,迎面是ー架屏 风,正中间挂着一幅草书,苍劲流畅的书法,引人注目,细看那内容,更是气度非凡。 这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本,把它抄了下来。<br />
<br />
登微波楼<br />
<br />
微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
<br />
时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
<br />
宝安袁庚<br />
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我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
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我有同感。<br />
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蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
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六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
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晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
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啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
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十三、心血<br />
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清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
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ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
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1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
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这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
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施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
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午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
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下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
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厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
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的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
<br />
我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
<br />
我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
<br />
龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
<br />
“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
<br />
“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
<br />
“你有什么打算?”<br />
<br />
“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
<br />
“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
<br />
“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
<br />
在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
<br />
十五、激动的工程师<br />
<br />
7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
<br />
蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
<br />
边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
<br />
“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
<br />
的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
<br />
“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
<br />
46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
<br />
他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
<br />
王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
<br />
袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
<br />
管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
<br />
当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
<br />
“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
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“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
<br />
“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
<br />
“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
<br />
“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
<br />
“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
<br />
“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
<br />
“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
<br />
“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
<br />
了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
<br />
父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
<br />
“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
<br />
当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
<br />
“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
<br />
“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
<br />
“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
<br />
“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
<br />
第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
<br />
12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
<br />
1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
<br />
王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
<br />
“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
<br />
“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
<br />
“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
<br />
“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
<br />
“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
<br />
“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
<br />
“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
<br />
王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
<br />
十六、年轻的总经理<br />
<br />
一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
<br />
说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
<br />
“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
<br />
只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
<br />
她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
<br />
“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
<br />
“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
<br />
“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
<br />
“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=154846Report CN EN 032023-03-16T14:03:38Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：5.痴情 */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情==<br />
<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with long hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
<br />
In this old, civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies are always covered; whereas in the West, people love nudity, which seems to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个一丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煊赫于大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there is a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush, painted a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting is not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, have you ever thought that some of us will cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us will stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, will come like snowflakes. You may even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Are you fearless, or seized by a whim? You're out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he is painting.<br />
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他站在ー间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着ー支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔 的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜 色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半 空,映衬着ー张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的 石像。<br />
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喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
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南去列车<br />
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风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
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那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显 得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐 下来。<br />
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姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动 人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白 晳,留着ー头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴 角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
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火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅 客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的 时间。<br />
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从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了 欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人 手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
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ー支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机 修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
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对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半 个车厢的人叹服。<br />
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“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子 投去一瞥,只觉眼前ー团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑 的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像ー块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点 儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭 扭的,很扎眼。<br />
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这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色 调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,ー个蹩脚画家,连自己衣 服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生 吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿一可笑!”<br />
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姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
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车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见 姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
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姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
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“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来 过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来<br />
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姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头 ー皱一那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
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显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的 卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着 什么。<br />
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姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端 庄的、安然的。ー个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种 居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优 越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光 像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
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小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪ー站下车?”<br />
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“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
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“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
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姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
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小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是 弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
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姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
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“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
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姑娘脸上掠过ー丝悲戚:“不在了<br />
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小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
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“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北 京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
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“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
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姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对 对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪 儿去?”<br />
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“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
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“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
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“不。”<br />
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“大学生?”<br />
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“不。早毕业了。”<br />
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“哪个学校毕业的?”<br />
“中央美院。”<br />
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“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
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画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神<br />
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“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
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“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
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“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
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他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他 们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏 洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
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奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多 少欢聚与悲离的故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉ー线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小 桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小 伙子,而是ー个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么 给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
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出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的 傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐 调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样 那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为ー个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身 汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是ー个有抱负、有オ华的人!”<br />
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画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
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姑娘点了点头。<br />
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画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简 直像ー个拙笨的新手。好半天,オ抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
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姑娘接过来ー看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要 逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这 副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真 的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已 不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会” 了画家的灵犀。<br />
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画纸的一角是签名和年月ーー袁运生,画于!964年2月。<br />
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画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
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姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
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“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信<br />
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地址?”<br />
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姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
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火车抵达浦口,他们已经像ー对熟识的老朋友了。从ー个艺术型的医学院学 生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他 们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
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画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依 依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空ー样清 澈,像江水ー样深沉……<br />
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呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江 交织起来的ー见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
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洛神赋<br />
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在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,ー只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认 真地涂抹着油彩,画出ー个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己 的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
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这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家 闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐ー样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
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看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰 恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父 亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年 除タ送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出ー批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小 型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。 稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的 艺术功底。<br />
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当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来ー副舉脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
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哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,ー个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人需要有 个性。”<br />
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1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
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如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画 派。这是!9世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画 就像一部小说或ー出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派 运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝 圣者像请佛ー样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画 派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
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他像奔跑在艺术山野里的小鹿,ー头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
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袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考 试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件和艺术才能 的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖 カ气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严 格的训练——<br />
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挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们 是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与 被画者保持绝对的耐性。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面”,画上一整天,只画了半个头 像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履 的中年人走过来,这是礼聘来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出 满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供 同学们观摩。<br />
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这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉 柯夫教学体系。袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀一苏联 在中国土地上开办的艺术エ厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
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苏联专家的宠儿,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手 不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺 术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生 来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
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但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容 易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
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苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便 朝那里走去。他停在ー帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来ー阵电灼 般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
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这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜 映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的 感情,像酒ー样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
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看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛 苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生一向日葵,仿佛摇 身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探 求……这哪里是绘画呀,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每ー线条和每一色块 都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
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袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被ー支锐利的艺术之 箭射穿了。<br />
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他回到宿舍,ー头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高オ生转瞬间变成 西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
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宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地 问:“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
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“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作 品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
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他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在 一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的 基础。有这个就够了。下ー步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚。<br />
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他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过 程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧 上了天,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际 上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在 干着什么蠢事呀?……<br />
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袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
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好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,ー个几亿人的 社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎。<br />
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从那以后,他变得不大安分了, ー头温驯的伏尔加式的小鹿,现出烈性马驹的 本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标〇<br />
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目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
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从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里 之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭ー张学生 证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶 子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹……<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
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长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象カ!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人, 栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱 翔 <br />
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他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。 他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条 表现出高超的魅力。<br />
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站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他 的思绪如抛出的ー缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作 两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近 求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从 东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
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祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
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虎丘<br />
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兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩 柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
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姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
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她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中 回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认 识ー下,如果手头有照片,请寄来ー张。<br />
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兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选ー张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。 这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息 ー样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
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兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以 后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些 年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有 点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
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此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人 占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想 象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的 眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不 容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,ー见钟 情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜 蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
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学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在 肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
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“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄 起话筒,ー惊一喜一那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
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兰英极カ掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,ー阵风似的跑到 学校的门口。<br />
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画家站在那里,手中照例拿着ー个速写本。<br />
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“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
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“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
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“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
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“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……”<br />
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兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春 岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意 味着向人生的ー个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
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“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
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“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
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当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
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和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深” 〇沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池 澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈 静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
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这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在ー起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她 觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
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“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
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“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
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可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术 他对这ー带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而 倾倒。<br />
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前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画 家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到 对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去,仿佛在祝福这ー对美 好的情侣。突然,ー股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
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这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林 的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰ー样醉红,双唇像微微绽 开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰 尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己 ー样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后 ー瞬 <br />
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“兰英,我要告诉你ー件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是’右 派’厂’<br />
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霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
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孤岛上<br />
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到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。!957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
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他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的 实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。 这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了 幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
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小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾 的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派 脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体,心情是焦渴的。当 蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家 生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
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小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左 右,オ有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
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“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好 啦……”<br />
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他看完报纸ー扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生 活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块 和线条的运用。<br />
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年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队 的宣传干事带到ー间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
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“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
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“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
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“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
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“为什么?”<br />
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“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查。你们学校填写了 两份材料,你的情况单纯。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
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袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是ー种荣幸,既然生活当中存在 这样ー些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过 了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加 以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
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“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放 炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
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不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情 调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活 见鬼!中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
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不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
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北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷,使 海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书 记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头,有碍“百花齐放”〇袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
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袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中 国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? ー连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
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有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像ー个漏了税的走私犯接受 审讯。<br />
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摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名一“反苏” 〇<br />
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究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然 他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
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他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他ー挥手:“请你到外 面等一会儿。”<br />
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他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听 见屋里在争论。<br />
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有人说:“够了……<br />
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有人说:“还不够…<br />
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有人说:“态度还好<br />
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他的好友在替他争辩,另ー些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉 默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
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“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
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政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色一红与黑。点朱 泼墨,二者居其ー,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不 同,观点对立,照样用黑笔ー勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
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晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
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哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
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“我是’右派’了。”<br />
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“呵?”哥哥大吃ー惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
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“我没犯错误。”<br />
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“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
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“他们说我是,就是啰。”<br />
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“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
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“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
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哥哥望着他那单纯的面孔,望着他嘴上柔软的茸毛,心缩紧了,欲哭无泪。他 只有18岁呀!被践踏而感觉痛苦的人是不幸的;被践踏尚且不懂得痛苦的人又是 多么可悲哪!他太年轻了,还没来得及向生活伸出触角,一旦他那稚嫩的敏感的神 经末梢感觉到痛楚,他能活下去吗?<br />
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他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山 造湖,兴修水库,ー颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场 面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地 指挥部,请求一边干活ー边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人 来访。<br />
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又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他ー个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌 午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃 地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝 惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
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可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受 改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。 只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成 呵斥的嗓门,ー张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了一仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
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他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
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过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后 来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
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小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活,学校当局不再 放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他オ感到了痛 苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷 中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出 ー串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
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屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床 前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
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他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是ー种负担。我 需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
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新月<br />
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タ阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透 明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对 青年男女。<br />
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这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们ー页ー页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初 恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像ー阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只 残忍的巨手ー挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严 峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择。<br />
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在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的ー 群,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以 “杀气腾腾煽风点火”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下 没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对 他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁 愿与鬼贼联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
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在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每ー个姑娘 都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵ーー询 问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,エ资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和 间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称ー称。爱情的内容转变了,转变 为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义。<br />
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兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血 管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽 得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富 贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色 的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
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兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气。因此,她 还不懂得利害。<br />
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政治运动对姑娘来说,像ー场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来 得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些 了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些 “右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她 还时常听到这样的告诫:有オ华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现 实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不 断得到强化。<br />
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抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的 嘲讽。<br />
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眼前的画家又是ー个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离 经叛道的歧路,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为 政治问题?为什么要让ー个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛 献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家 不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇 气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的オ华……什么是オ华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它 是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘 喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下ー颗蓝色 的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提 起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
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画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子,也是有限的宽恕,一 切还同过去ー样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
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“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
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“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
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“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
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这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到 足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激 动的光辉:“世上有オ华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏 看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
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难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把オ华糟蹋得像ー块抹布的年月里,这句话,他 不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子 无オ便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,オ华再也不是令知识分 子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火 焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
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兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市 的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费カ气地 获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝 沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究 竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯 灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被 搞得阴阳颠倒！ ー时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到ー颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙ー样晶莹闪烁。<br />
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兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
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画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
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“喜欢。”<br />
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“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
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“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
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画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝里滚动。<br />
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ー弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一 尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
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画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做 人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进 行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的 苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
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双桥<br />
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当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具 的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢一充当囚犯, 颠沛流离,饱尝辛酸……<br />
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翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
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我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石礙,弓 着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下ー闪ー闪。<br />
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这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但 是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是 最年轻的ー个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石礙,ー拉就是一天。<br />
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二十几个人住在ー间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里 两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。 几年前,在他们头顶上发生的那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄 默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成 为ー门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向 两极。<br />
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袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头ー个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,ー头畜力转眼 间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻 找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
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他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能 像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就 运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着 他。试问,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射 的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙 的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变 形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那 样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展 示了情景交融的空间ーー略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
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他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵 他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多 张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着 既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
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住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举 止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的 学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
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“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画 吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去「’<br />
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这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府 里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
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一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义 的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着 人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
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散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特 儿是清痺的、憔悴的,ー副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出ー个美的灵 魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
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“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
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这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
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ー个被撤职的党委书记,ー个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下 扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
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雨纷纷<br />
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画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业 分配。<br />
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东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻 掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南 鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降 临头上。<br />
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兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有 篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
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当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋 友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
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姑娘一五ー十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住。<br />
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兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象カ,把故事编得像田园牧 歌ー样美妙 <br />
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“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
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“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
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“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子〇”<br />
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“那个人干什么的?”<br />
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“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
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“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英 将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
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但是,在学校的ー间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒 的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主 义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去 的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
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兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了<br />
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“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样ー个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣 个黑锅背ー辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
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“我乐意……”<br />
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“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍 白,四肢麻木,像是ー个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的 姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴 的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
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更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她, 好像她做了什么亏心事。ー颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使 她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
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她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨一爸爸生前的战友。<br />
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阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
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兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方 设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空ー样阴郁。<br />
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“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说;我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
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她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
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西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨 非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
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兰英的眉心舒展了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
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“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢,”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍ー个男<br />
朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证 会喜欢他……”<br />
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兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
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阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养 感情嘛……”<br />
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姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进ー团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲 径好像布满陷阱。ー种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。 给你!”<br />
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兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节 奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
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回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰 英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
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“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
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“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好 好谈谈吧……”<br />
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晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
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“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们 党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
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姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
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“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分 子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们ー些好处。打个比喻吧,好 比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那 些人再好,也不能使用。你多想ー想吧……”<br />
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姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头ー次听说,在政策的背后 还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
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这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所 醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。ー个势单力孤的女 子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他 吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰 尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情 愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为ー个农 家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来 时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像 断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
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第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看ー 看就会明白的。”<br />
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这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到ー篇文 章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么 呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的ー小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的 题目 <br />
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水乡记忆<br />
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“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
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“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
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“我先尝尝一哈,又香又脆!”<br />
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“放开肚皮吧,反正不花钱……”<br />
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袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼 声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
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这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回 到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择ー处乡土气息 浓厚的地区深入生活,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓 库隔壁的ー间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏 杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传ロ号消失了,生理本能 在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满 几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是ー出率先占有填充 材料的喜剧。<br />
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袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
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“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
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“别理他!”<br />
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这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预ー 下也无可厚非。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
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然而,夜间的梦寐并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理 解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的 心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
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回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,ー股不可遏制的创作冲动驱 使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去ー个晚上的 时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
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他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小 呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
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他把行李卷、画布和油彩,ー股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型 文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积 着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上ー摊,不 分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两 个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
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这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
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《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画 家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的 分数都不肯给。<br />
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水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
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画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有 玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
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看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。ー 个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开ー张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。ー个 淳朴的小女孩刚オ卖掉ー只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看 被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔 下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着ー桩桩美好的故事ーー人们 在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
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桥下是ー泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相 擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在 船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
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这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时 更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚 强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举 世无双的韧性一走向明天!<br />
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谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁 的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪 夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的 语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
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当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有 人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。 作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视 的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用 西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘 出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩,年画的敦厚朴实和壁 画的装饰趣味。<br />
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把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为ー炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿 了吧！<br />
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但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放 废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的 后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀 把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门 的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把 它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
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离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取 缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该 被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着ー堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不 画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指 责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的 路口只亮着ー盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
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中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我 可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出 作者的艺术才能。”<br />
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只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可 怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家 应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世一其中也 包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
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月台边<br />
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兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
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阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力 的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟 他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子,还会累及子女。<br />
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那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘 与画家结合的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的 人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来 的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
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这是ー场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
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阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效カ,递过ー支笔、ー张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
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兰英接过纸笔。<br />
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她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表 示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家 能够得到另ー个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后ー个字,信纸上满是斑斑 泪痕。<br />
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阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你 不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
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“本来就是被迫的「’兰英没好气地说。<br />
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阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
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兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷 吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语 言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将 把信撕得粉碎,ー赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净 <br />
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兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
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画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条 件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
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姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
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对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
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“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
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学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个 长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
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火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风 光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人 头攒动的月台上,她ー眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
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兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。 但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑 娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
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画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
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“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什 么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
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姑娘把旅行袋往前ー递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听 懂是什么意思。<br />
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“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑ー趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日 子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
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明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何 是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解一那些无尽无休的劝说、挑 唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
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兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有 同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同 财产,是一条印花双人床单。在ー间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪 式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫 近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
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人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
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兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽 容一除了东北三省之外,其他任何ー个城市都行。实心眼儿的姑娘把手指放在 地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山 海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
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她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀 和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一 度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条 件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着ー块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身 来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生 活无法自理。直到这时,她オ感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
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画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到ー份工作,又赶到唐山,好 不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户ロ的证件。至此,他们已经两地分 居六年了。<br />
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兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年 了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西ーー优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青 春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了 巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。 耿耿银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
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陋室铭<br />
<br />
破木桌上摊开ー张纸片,ー只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了 圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱 子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
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这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还 是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
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小屋只有!4平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, ー排大连铺占去三分之ニ的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间 是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
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眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这 个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好 几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所 听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
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兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
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兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食 堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不 发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝 糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头ー样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那 些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
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家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物 价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买 不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱ー个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
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他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
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“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
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“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
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妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服ロ袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
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儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
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过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
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画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
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儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚オ他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤 肉颠得没影了……<br />
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“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
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儿子也笑了。ー场精神上的欢笑代替了假日的会餐。<br />
<br />
在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门 面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现 代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处 境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得 很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到 家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
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在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似 的想点办法?”<br />
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“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
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“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合 过得去……”<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
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妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题ー搁,永远不再提起。<br />
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兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们 家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥ー顿饱ー顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的 换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环 境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣 服洗一洗吧。”<br />
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“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干ー场。<br />
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他把床单和衣服泡了满满ー盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他ー忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;ー忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
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他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板 凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
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兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过ー丝苦笑。<br />
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画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
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一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚 子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,ー共跳了多 少次?，，<br />
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画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
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兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪一整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。<br />
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干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
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天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入 睡;儿子ー沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手 抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另ー只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
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漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
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兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为 人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为ー个正直的画家的妻子的全部 甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕 耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还 被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦 楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
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她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙<br />
爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
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车轮下<br />
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袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱 地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
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兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为ー家人做早饭。<br />
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画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
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兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺ー躺。”画家匆匆吃过 早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
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在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过ー场大雪,北风ー刮,马路上结 着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
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画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜 劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命的时刻。<br />
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人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
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穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽 听ー阵隆隆的马达声。ー辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。 速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人 带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的 传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
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街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
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卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。 卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团 儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
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这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸ロー轧,就 算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃 脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
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按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同 情一预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦 的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。 即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头一抗争！<br />
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接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡 车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车 咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人 们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
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“千万不能倒下「’画家想,“ー倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
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卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反<br />
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应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
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画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
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抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天<br />
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ォ清醒过来。<br />
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兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾ー切地赶到医院。存车的时 候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙 怎么也拔不出来。<br />
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存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚オ进医院的时<br />
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候,自己还能走路。"<br />
<br />
兰英这オ觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
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兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫 妻双双躺在床上。<br />
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孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和<br />
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女儿一人捧回ー包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
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儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
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女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
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兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早<br />
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地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心 灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿 <br />
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画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰<br />
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问。他们留下ー百块钱赔偿经济损失一画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
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客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
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兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看ー<br />
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眼也令人伤心。<br />
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画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
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“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
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画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知<br />
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道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民ーー我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去「’<br />
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这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是ー个贫病交困的人的 最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对ー些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那 样遥远,拼着性命オ能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼 痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘 寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
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数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情 目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
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袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的 印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
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袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花 甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,ー举ー动都受到街道居委 会的监视。<br />
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袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没 有什么值得高兴的一中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路 线走ー遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽 然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
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江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上 挂着一幅画框,嵌着ー张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那 张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到 使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
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袁运生打开画夹,把ー组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的 牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人 物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的 笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
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“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真 诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
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袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨 的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风 中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手ー丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
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画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于!974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白 描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
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江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他 说:“呵,黄河! ー泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声 音……"<br />
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春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了 !<br />
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担担画<br />
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“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
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美术界ー些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头 角,施展オ华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任 河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各 种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是ー个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。 这个磨砺精深的艺术家,就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
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乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
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在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现 了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,ー头不驯服的长发 如垂下万根烦恼丝。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁 了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
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他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
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兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
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兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议 事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就 是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
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1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机 会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
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他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了 妻子,全家人像过节ー样快乐<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
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“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
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女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
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“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
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他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
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兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
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丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注ー掷了 !”<br />
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是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举 动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一 个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使ー颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴ー样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
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晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,ー针针,ー线线,直缝到天 色薄明。<br />
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“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
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“三个月吧。”画家说,“你ー个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
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妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
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这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府一景洪。他被西双版纳惊 人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林 绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水 晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁 着珠光宝气。<br />
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有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天 堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾 洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
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他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地。招待所的服务人员很 有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进ー间中等客房。<br />
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画家开ロ就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
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服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
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“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
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“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
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“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
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他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下ー步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各<br />
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的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
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幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出 的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
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云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族 的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
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好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的 背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有!40多斤重。小伙子看了直 抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
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袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
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瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
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奏鸣曲<br />
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瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
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呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
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那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝ー样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
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就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
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西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰 富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住 兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在ー棵树 前,一画就是一整天。<br />
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“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
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“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古 老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
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袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。 每ー笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家 的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小 虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理 昧 <br />
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中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来オ深有感 受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
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画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在ー起的<br />
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他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情 而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
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每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。 晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛 着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗 条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
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“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银 铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她 们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露ー截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使 她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后ー盘,自然地溜向ー 边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
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少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来ー阵阵悠扬 的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在 纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
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诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就 在苦苦思索ー个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
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美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出 你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
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面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我 感受却不尽相同。ー百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,ー百种不同的表现方法。<br />
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艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。<br />
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从夏末到中秋,他在ー串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勧定的一个偏僻的 小村寨。<br />
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这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上 开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本 寨的荣耀。<br />
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同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无カ同病魔 斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是 “鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者ー商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那<br />
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些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
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“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的ー 瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精 粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的 请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起 画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
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小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的 经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂 痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在ー起进餐,然后由男方挑着担 子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱 护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像ー泓溪 水那样清澈。<br />
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一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清 脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的 手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
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这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在 古老的贝叶经里的传说一从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘 据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑 娘们生出ー计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头ー沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒 醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。 一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使 自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
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晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这 万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
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广为流传的神话传说,往往是ー个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到 的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑 海里汇集,逐渐熔化为ー团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳 美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地 多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西 双版纳。这是ー个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、 秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条一单纯与丰富高度和谐地统ー!<br />
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他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的 独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。 那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的ー组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
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昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘 绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
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公主啊!<br />
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你是ー颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
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但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
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把宝石镶在我的心上 <br />
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他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
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二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
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袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
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兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心 开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画 不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
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画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失 火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
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其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们 忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
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画家在长春的ー个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁 愕然了。<br />
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这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰 英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出ー个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗 震棚挪动着……<br />
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显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的 艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
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朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那<br />
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位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道<br />
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壁画之梦<br />
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不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白 皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的 空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀ー样扑朔不定。他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。他搞不 清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里……<br />
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昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的 画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。ー抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳 光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从 梦境回到了现实的世界。<br />
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这是!979年1月,在北京白家庄。<br />
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袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水 晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候 机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍 特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成 了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建 筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业 技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理 者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和エ艺 美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得 到了推荐,也在被邀请之列〇<br />
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随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热 度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使ー些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑 文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否 定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以 免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对 稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单ー些,拿他的 话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。”<br />
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袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节一生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻<br />
辑和客观条件应运而生的。<br />
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候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的ー块地 方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙 壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美 的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心 中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝 叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴 的哲理。他决定挨弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。”<br />
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主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思 毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在 以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知 命运如何?<br />
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袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是 工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动 的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境……<br />
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在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大 门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统ー。那座大门 却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门 搏斗,ー支接ー支地吸烟,ー张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可 以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和 生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。<br />
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“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。<br />
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“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……”<br />
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在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一 个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充 满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风 雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出ー股韧性。为了 重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟 此时的心情。<br />
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整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉 的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法ーー“拱桥的两头 很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么 美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》）<br />
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实现这个迷人的想法,真是ー项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多 彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活 和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每ー 个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意 味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去 表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了……<br />
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又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还 有灯光。<br />
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这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴 山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟 弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧……<br />
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对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他 还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在 毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀!<br />
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天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休 息几天,回长春去过年吧。”<br />
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袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用〇第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制〇”<br />
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“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多 了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。”<br />
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提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能 在家待几天?”<br />
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画家说:“春节ー过,还得讨论画稿。这ー稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了〇”<br />
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兰英叹了一 口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……”<br />
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画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。”<br />
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兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?”<br />
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画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。<br />
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这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻 璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下ー个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹……<br />
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从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
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忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴 云笼罩着 <br />
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牛皮纸<br />
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春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。<br />
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绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机 场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材 料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、 冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
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参加《泼水节一生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶 来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传 统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
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脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月 的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。<br />
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兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的ー次 妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她 的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。<br />
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在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用 的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气 设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻 待在ー起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就 翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是 深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮エ。<br />
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好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院 时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是 出乎意料的,几个月以前的ー小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是 <br />
外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到 癌一恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不 是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意 识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务 的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢?<br />
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她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了 候机大楼,站在脚手架旁……<br />
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大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进 来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着ー 场真正的建设一脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着 画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到 了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额 垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出 的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在……<br />
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兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。 从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,ー个艺术赤子的オ华、 智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔 端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳 茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动 作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚 鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。 艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华!<br />
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站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。<br />
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兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺 术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得 到了精神的补偿。<br />
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这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查 有结果了吗?”<br />
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兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说<br />
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妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。”<br />
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“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
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Chapter Two<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对ー对 画稿上的人物动作。”<br />
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“好吧。”妻子应允了。<br />
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兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分 子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时 间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身 的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容……<br />
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几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的 一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为ー个外科 医生,如果给自己开ー张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切 除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时 机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的ー桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手 术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的 亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カー搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的 希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏 在心底很久很久了。<br />
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一声长笛,列车开走了,载着ー颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾 霭中 <br />
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袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过 墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,ー株热带丛林特有的 鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地 面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像 是在为自己的青春而骄傲……<br />
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环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画 家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对 墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。<br />
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洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女 表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江 里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。 “我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的 崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的ー种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维 纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的 崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况 他画的是神话传说而不是习俗……<br />
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看来,画家打错了主意?<br />
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在ー些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富 有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生 产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿 穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了 别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并 没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和 犯罪搅成一池浑水。<br />
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盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象 征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。<br />
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这并不显眼的一角却引来ー批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看 热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
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这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不題了。如 要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花 任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想 到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的ー场争论。<br />
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六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受 尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界 上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的ー班轻薄少年、 无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之 照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人 提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军 阀败北。<br />
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历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的ー桩旧案犹未了结<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思 想解放!”<br />
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他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人 帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。<br />
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舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的 绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用 进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时 的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事……<br />
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不是结尾<br />
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10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在 大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动……<br />
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首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获 得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁 画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞 歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次 文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来 到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。<br />
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国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁 说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人ー进入中国就有一个强烈 的印象,这种艺术是ー个国家国力的象征。”<br />
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日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉 朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉 得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……”<br />
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这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的 日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖 的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆 动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰 ー样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔……<br />
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呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化?<br />
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不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着 ー个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作 是坚定正确的表现。他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不 再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强 化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。<br />
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那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧?<br />
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只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。 直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从 她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她 静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无 望,只等待手术的判决……<br />
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ー个人站立起来了,另ー个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南 去的列车上ー见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也 不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、 贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术 经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下ー笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。<br />
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画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼 眶里滚动。<br />
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他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:ー种是诚实的艺术家;另 ー种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。<br />
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他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限 度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少ー些吗?<br />
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他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。<br />
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后记:<br />
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本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又辻了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世 事变迁未可尽述。<br />
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——作者<br />
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（原载《十月》1980年6月）<br />
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==卷一：10.热血男儿==<br />
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热血男儿<br />
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李士非<br />
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满腔的热血已经沸腾。<br />
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《国际歌》<br />
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ー、能见到袁庚吗?<br />
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在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天,蛇口エ业区和它的领导人袁庚,名扬国内外,越 来越引人注目。<br />
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但是,我接受写袁庚的任务,未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他,手头也没有 积累多少关于他的资料,而且听说采访他很困难:他是香港招商局常务副董事长 （人们因此亲切地称他为袁董）,大部分时间在香港,每到蛇口,都忙得不可开交, 实在抽不出时间接受采访。但是,过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观,听过介绍,看 过录像,袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣,接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口 来,这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。“能见到袁庚吗?”“即使见不到袁庚也要写!”所谓 “冒险”,无非是写不出或写不好,个人面子不好看罢了,比起袁庚和他的朋友们从 事改革所冒的风险,简直是微不足道的。<br />
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仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气,到这里待ー些日子也是值得的。<br />
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“如果你只能待很短的时间,我劝你趁早打退堂鼓,不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆 辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意,开弓没有回头箭,退堂鼓是 不好打的。<br />
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二、夜访梁宪<br />
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在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口,袁庚出国去了,说是7月底或8月初 才能回来。最了解他的ー个人,东江纵队时期就和他ー起工作,现任蛇口工业区顾 <br />
问的许智明,到澳大利亚探亲去了,归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同, “时间就是金钱,效率就是生命”,白天工作紧张,找人谈话很难,晚上访问也要事 先约定,因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰 上袁庚的儿子袁中印,《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意,他马 上说:“有什么好写的?这么多人写过了,要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受 了乃父的影响,不大欢迎采访。“慢慢来吧,我一定要找你的。”我心里说。<br />
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多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙,约定了 一天晚上9点钟去访问エ业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人,穿过海 滨花园,沐着海风,经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边,漫步走向梁宪的住 处。早已听说,他!962年毕业于中山大学外语系,是梁宗岱教授的高足,对法国文 学很有研究。果然,ー见之下,我就感到他是ー个充满艺术气质的人。<br />
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他掏出港币,买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客,然后和我们谈笑风生。<br />
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“你们是文人,我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人,她在中央戏剧学 院教书。我对她说:你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的,但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。 中国像你们这样的文人太多,像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一 句英语,“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙,黄虹坚ー时也 没反应过来,陈宜浩翻译说:“他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑 起来。<br />
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梁宪大学毕业的时候,老百姓正在饿肚子,大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法 国文学的尖子,后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作,比袁庚晚半 年多一点。袁庚很器重他,有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。<br />
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“我去香港的时候,老婆说:最怕你没骨气,没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是 有的,外派干部只要有一点热血,就不是追求几大件,而是感到抬不起头来!<br />
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“刚到香港,每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐,ー串串的,海上漂着偷渡者的尸 体,我们不能忍受,啪一声把电视关了。<br />
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“我们国内建设搞不好,连ー些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们, 心里真难受呀。所以,我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过:’我之所以这么干,是 为了实现我入党时的初衷。’”<br />
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一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿,梁宪又概括地说:<br />
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“我熟悉的人当中,有两个热血男儿,ー个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛,ー个就是 袁庚!”<br />
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好一个“热血男儿” !这个词太恰当了,把这两个人相提并论太好了,我不禁<br />
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怦然心动,觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。<br />
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也真巧,比我年长20岁的刘任涛,是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第 一流的眼科专家,共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长,曾为刘伯承元帅安过义 眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》,改行当了电影编剧,“文化大革命”中在珠 影被诬为“历史反革命”,打断五根肋骨,投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动 期间,他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明,不顾自己的政治处境,不顾没 有任何医疗条件,决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他:“万一失败,你就 是阶级报复,就会重进监狱。”他不听,他终于成功了。“作为医生,我拯救了我的 灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀,立下遗嘱:死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢 复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
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刘任涛和袁庚,经历和事业完全不同,但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身 精神,是多么相似呵!我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚,觉得对袁庚也开始熟 悉了。<br />
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三、“冒险家”<br />
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刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障,要冒风险。袁 庚在蛇口进行改革,要冒更大的风险:两年之前,不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影 地攻击经济特区嘛!<br />
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但是,时代毕竟不同了,今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月 9日,胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区,袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆,和总书记有一 段精彩的对话。<br />
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袁庚:关于改革问题,现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看,凡是搞改革 的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法,最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变 法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪,改良主义,结果六君子被 杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革,我想不会落得前人这样 的下场,我们是在党的领导下进行的,不会有问题吧,我们值得冒这个险!<br />
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胡耀邦:过去的改革是下层少数人去改,领导者、统治者是压制的。现在 不同,我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改,现在和过去根本不同嘛!<br />
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袁庚:我们感到,我们的干部是不大怕群众的,只怕顶头上司,怕上司不喜 欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说,我每次来蛇口,ー上码头,前呼后 拥的,下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒,就会忘乎所以,久而久之, 就不怕群众,不怕下级,因为群众、下级撤不了我的职,我只怕交通部,怕顶头 上司,只有他们才能撤我的职。<br />
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所以,群众监督干部,群众有权选举和罢免干部,这至关重要。我们这里 想搞个改革试点,管委会由群众选举产生,每年投一次信任票,如果不信任票 超过半数,管委会就得改选,个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公 开的、直接的,由群众投票选举的领导班子,就会想群众之所想,急群众之所 急,就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手,就有人自动送礼 上门,如果头脑不清醒,不能自律,就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装 懂,诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部,我相信可以改变一下干部的结 构和干部的作风。我们想做这样ー个不太小的改革,准备冒一点风险。<br />
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胡耀邦:（点头）好!很好!<br />
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袁庚:总书记说了好,我们就记录在案,马上打报告这样做。<br />
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胡耀邦:（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿,在哪 ー出戏里我忘记了,讽刺官僚主义者,他不敢骂台上的官,只敢骂戏台上堂前 的鼓。有一段唱词说:“一棵大树腹中空,两头都是皮儿绷,每天上堂敲三下, R卜咚ゆ咚又ゆ咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛!（全场大笑）<br />
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党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印,想到ー块去了,这在蛇口的发 展史上,是应当大书特书的。<br />
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1983年4月24日,选举产生了蛇口エ业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22 日,按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票?组干处处长虞 德海说:“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的,信任票不足半数就 得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决,一定要搞信任投票。” 投票结果,管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数,袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上,全 部投票公开,任人查阅,尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐,如“某某能力低”“某某 不堪信任”之类,也不加掩饰。<br />
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这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。<br />
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四、“那里不肯放,就辞职!”<br />
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选举产生领导班子,定期举行信任投票,这是袁庚深思熟虑的ー项决定。他深<br />
深感到,不改革干部制度,不改变干部结构,任何改革都无从谈起,“四化”也只是 一句空话。<br />
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有的领导干部,居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人:“你们大学建多大的桥?” 问来访的美国客人:“英国人讲英语,你们美国人讲什么语?”还有人向中央领导同 志汇报他到香港考察的收获:“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯!”如此等等,令人 啼笑皆非。这样的干部,怎能担当建设“四化”的重任!<br />
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蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地）,指挥部只有 二十多个干部的时候,袁庚就开始考虑如何培育ー支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命 化的干部队伍。1981年,他排除阻カ,毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班,从全国 各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说,“我是个冒险家,为了蛇口的改革,我从 全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。<br />
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当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员,委托交通部下属的交通科 学院情报所代为主持,在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、 江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。<br />
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王潮梁!938年出生于江苏无锡,1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计 专业。早在1958年,他就参考外国的资料,在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫 原理,并和同学们一道造出了样品,在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对 飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是,在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年 代,几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机エ厂飞机设 计室任产品主管设计员,那时生产要听驻厂军代表的,而军代表只相信苏联专家和 苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料,翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂, 即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂,也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚 子气,却毫无办法。岁月如流,王潮梁搞了 17年飞机设计,却看到我们的飞机エ业 比印度还落后;又研制了四年的飞翔船,却看不到一艘飞翔船下水,那种壮志难酬 的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会,唯一的名额给了业务上 根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培 训班招生的广告时,他兴奋极了,“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方,去!”立刻把广告 剪下来,郑重地贴在本子上。<br />
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他第一个走进考场,第一个走出考场。笔试、面试,成绩优良。主持考试的情 报所林鸿慈同志下了结论:这是个人才,录取！<br />
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但是,在中国有一个很大的矛盾:生产资料是全民所有制,干部却是单位私有 制。ー个单位可以把ー个或ー批人才冷藏ー辈子<br />
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长江航运科研所不肯放人。<br />
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198I年11月,袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他,向他汇 报了招生的情况,特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。<br />
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袁庚很激动。<br />
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“小王是不是党员?”<br />
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“不是。”<br />
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“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量,开个头,那里不肯放,就辞职!我这 里收。最多就是人家去告状,最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先 例。告到国务院,我们就把这个同志的情况报上去,中央领导会支持我们。新华社 社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开’干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人 在单位不充分发挥作用,又不让调,这个局面不打开是不成的!”<br />
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林鸿慈被袁庚打动了,写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁,同时通过各种渠道 去做说服、疏通工作。终于,用不着王潮梁辞职,单位同意放人了。1982年,王潮 梁来到蛇口工业区。<br />
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五、企业管理研究生<br />
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1982年12月的一天晚上,ー个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
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这是一次事先约定的会见。<br />
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年轻人叫余昌民,刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清 华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生,工作了八九年,深感中国企业管理的弊病 太多,1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年, 专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息,《读卖新闻》为 此发了专稿,登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了,干什么好呢?学校建议他到国家 经委属下的中国企业研究协会去,这当然是个专业对口的美差,但是在武汉工作的 爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候,蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。他每星期上街 去买《深圳特区报》,得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝,如饥似渴地加以研 究。不难判断,蛇口エ业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去!决心下定了,系 里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会,经朋友介绍,他就来登门拜访了。<br />
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会面的一瞬间,两个人互相观察了一下。<br />
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“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗?穿件中式棉袄,和一般的老干部没啥差别,不 是想象中的那个改革家的模样,而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真 的值得?”<br />
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真正的一闪念,没容余昌民多想,袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
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谈话开门见山。<br />
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“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里?”<br />
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“在于体制。”<br />
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“对了!”袁庚兴奋起来,侃侃而谈,“上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦,说 他们要一千人,劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用,那七百是搭配的闲人,你再要, 就再搭配,再多余,反正是大锅饭,大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了,还说这是社会主义 的优越性!这样,工厂冗员越来越多,工厂成了小社会,在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的, 形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ,败坏着我们的民族素质!这样的体制不改革,我们 就没有出路!”<br />
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“我的ー篇论文,提出了企业的素质问题。”<br />
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“有何高见?”<br />
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“素质,好比基本作用,像女排,形成了她们的基本作风,就有战斗カ。”<br />
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“就把ー个企业比作球队吧,假如你是教练,别人随便塞人给你,你怎么办?”<br />
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“我不要。”<br />
<br />
“不要不行!”<br />
<br />
“那我不干。”<br />
<br />
“对了,就得这样。”<br />
<br />
一老ー少,越谈越投机,彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处ー闪而过的那点 疑虑也完全打消了。<br />
<br />
“我们这里可要冒点风险。”<br />
<br />
“正因为这样オ要去,建设好了还去干什么?”<br />
<br />
“你个人有什么要求?”<br />
<br />
“只要求家属ー起去。”<br />
<br />
“这个我们来办。”<br />
<br />
两个月后,余昌民父亲去世,回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化,系里要留他。 企业管理系刚刚建立,工作需要,理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚 飞往蛇口,收不回来了。<br />
<br />
1983年3月,袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客,系里派余昌民随行。系 领导的目的,是让校长对余昌民有个印象,说服他留下来,同时出面解决他家属的 户ロ问题。<br />
<br />
谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口,袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有,余昌 民暗示要做刘达的工作。<br />
<br />
余昌民再一次请求:“校长,让我来蛇口吧。”<br />
<br />
“系里要我帮忙留你,我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。<br />
<br />
袁庚一再要求支持:“刘达同志,把小余给我们吧,我们迫切需要企业管理的专 门人才。”<br />
<br />
刘达心动了。这位参加过“ー二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
<br />
回去后,余昌民给系里写了报告,对系里的教育培养表示感谢,说明清华企业 管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设,这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都 至关重要。<br />
<br />
问题迎刃而解。7月,夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。<br />
<br />
当余昌民到エ业区大楼报到的时候,在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉 着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口,边走边说:“你是研究企业管理的,你先熟悉ー 下情况,有把握了再谈工作……”<br />
<br />
袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信,其中有一段话:<br />
<br />
关于小余的事,同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失ー小余,无妨 大局,蛇口得之,如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下,エ业区将受其惠。<br />
<br />
重感情的刘达,把这封信送给了余昌民,让他留作永久的纪念。<br />
<br />
六、星期天的早晨<br />
<br />
星期天早晨8点钟,顾立基刚起床,洗了脸,正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同 学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的,大家都熬了夜,现在让他们多睡一会儿 吧。顾立基轻手轻脚,唯恐弄出一点声音来。<br />
<br />
“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗?”<br />
<br />
门外传来ー个声音。顾立基一看,走廊上站着ー个六十多岁的老人和一个 姑娘。<br />
<br />
“我就是顾立基,您是?”<br />
<br />
“我是袁庚,蛇口的袁庚〇”老人首先伸出手来,“这是我女儿尼亚,她不放心我 的身体,一定要陪我来,其实我的身体还可以。你看,骑了半小时车子,轻松愉快。”<br />
<br />
顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 他深受感动。<br />
<br />
“我们到楼下谈吧,同学们还在睡觉。”<br />
<br />
楼下有一张靠背长椅,三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨,不冷不热,阳光和煦, 轻风拂面,校园一片宁静的气氛。<br />
<br />
“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会?”<br />
<br />
“是的,现在会员有一千多人了,成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。”<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长?”<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊,”顾立基笑了, “我是说过想当厂长,为此还惹过ー些麻 烦呢。”<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦?”<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。”<br />
<br />
“岂有此理!想当个厂长是什么野心!’不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’,这 是拿破仑说的还是谁说的? 一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对!”<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的,但是我感到中国更需要管理人才,所以主动旁听了企业管理 系研究生的全部课程。”<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧,我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班,要培养大量的管理人才。”<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像,我的心就动了,只是还没下定决心。”<br />
<br />
“现在呢?”<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了,去蛇口。”<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗?”<br />
<br />
有什么困难? 1982年的初夏,社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的,有人在 报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界,影射特区有变成租界的危险,造成一股无形的压 力,因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些,可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的 人在ー起,冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去,下属工厂任他挑选,这 些,对他有一定的吸引力。他自从!967年中学毕业,1968年进上海印染机械修配 厂,十年中当过锅炉エ、车エ、錠エ、钳エ、电エ,当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不 惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为,1974年顾立基和他们争吵过ー 次,挨了批斗,却受到工人们的同情,和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要 毕业了 ,朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查,他是材料组的负责 人,如果不来上大学,早就走上领导岗位了,现在回去,工作安排是不成问题的。但 是,陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大,他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的 是,母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房,姐妹们都在外地,母亲 希望他留在身边,爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口,使他动了感情,他滔 滔不绝地发起议论来。<br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办ー个工业区 呢?为了在那块地方搞改革,搞全面的改革,从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度,都 要改,不改就没有出路。过去三十年,极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。 1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候,海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体,都是青年,他们为什 么要跑?因为我们穷!<br />
<br />
“’四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’,越搞跑的人越多。ー些村子的青壮年几乎跑 光了,真叫人欲哭无泪!蛇口对面就是香港的元朗,相隔只有6000米,晴天能看到 它的高楼,它就是在我们’十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了, 必须把经济搞上去,这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公 里,对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛,我们改革成功了,对全国就有很大 的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛,无伤大局。当然,我们一定要尽最大的 努力,争取成功,避免失败。我们这ー代人是老了,当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时 候,时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……”<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动,身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚,望 着自己的父亲,眼睛也有点热了……<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来,当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书,1984年4月被聘为 办公室主任。<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚,因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口,听说顾立基6日 ー早要去香港,5日晚我去登门拜访。<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告,我为 了听这个报告,推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的,谁都可以听,欢迎你去。”ー见面 顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗?”<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难,他在蛇口不会待太久,一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告, 你最好陪他回宿舍ーー他儿子的住处,或者宾馆,这样边走边谈,可以谈十来分 钟……”<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗?<br />
<br />
不管怎样,先听听他的报告再说吧。<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半,袁庚的报告准时开始。<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影,大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。 今天这个会也叫新闻发布会,街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂,基本上坐满 了,放眼望过去,都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。<br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上, 顾立基主持大会。<br />
<br />
ー开始,袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕,只讲个把钟头。”<br />
<br />
人们笑了,其实怕的是他讲得太短。<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问,历时23天,访问了 4个国家、16个公司、18个城市,从新加坡 开始,往西到英国,再到美国、日本,整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处,受到隆重的、 破格的接待,我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们 四个人,而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化,在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到 做蛇口人的光荣。”<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张,出国访问要花自己的钱,花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、 软弱的地位。这次出访,他们带了 20万美金的信用卡,足够用了,所到之处都坚持 这个原则,唯独在新加坡失灵了。那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系,但新加 坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检,从飞机场ー直送到最高级的香格里拉大 酒店,袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前,这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫 人;在他之后,住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨）,每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观 什么项目,全部满足要求。临走结账时,酒店经理说:“在你们到来之前,已经有人 付了全部费用。”<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁,英国老板们在海员罢エ浪潮的 冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们,给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深 刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说:“我们原打算3年之内种植 20万株月季,把蛇口建成玫瑰之城,现在看来太落后了……”<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国,主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡,大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔,华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民,交给他一把金钥匙。女 市长在宴会上说:“我是百分之百的中国人,也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说:“我 很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判,就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过, “在经济问题上,兄弟无情,六亲不认!何况是与外国人谈判「’<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前,有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过 的曲折。<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日,袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件,大家听了很高兴,但我们不要高兴得过早。不 要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了,但官僚主义、 红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事,还是有的。例如我们正在谈判 的浮法玻璃厂,到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃,为什么不准我们用 最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ?最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局 交涉。她们去的时候,人家一口答应,讲你们回去好了,但等我们企业室派人带合 同去盖章的时候,又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干,他们讲:‘你们派了记 者、作家来,我敢不答应吗?弄得不好,你们要写报告文学,写内参,我受得了 吗,？……”<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨,交涉了九个月,オ过了国内这ー关。<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判,当然不可能用这么长的时间,但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想 而知的。<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂,简直是一座玻璃城!它生产各式各样 的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃,用25磅大锤从20米外打去,地皮都震动了,玻璃却安 然无恙。我们和美国合资,投资ー亿美元,引进一座同样的エ厂,买他的专利,以后 我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点,集中在每年所付专利费 占销售总额的百分比上。<br />
<br />
美方要6%,我们还价4% 〇<br />
<br />
美方降到5%,我们加到4.5%。<br />
<br />
寸利必争,形成僵局。<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。<br />
<br />
“先生们,我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针,2000年前发明了火药,全人类 <br />
都在享受这些伟大的成果,可是他们从来没有要过什么专利,我们作为后代从来没 有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋,而是觉得光荣。请问各位,那时候你们的祖先在哪 里?恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前,是不是毛特别多……”<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前,一个个咧嘴笑了。<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕,我的意思不是不付专利费,而是要求公平合理r’<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格,坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们,说不 定会抗议呢!“你骂我们的祖先,是可忍,孰不可忍ド’<br />
<br />
终于达成协议:4.75%,为期!0年。<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进ー个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂,专利 费是5% ,时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处,绝不能走 美国的路!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退,エ业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走,他们还 有点生气,现在停滞不前了。<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方,转移到太平洋 沿岸。<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了,现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈,今天 下午四点半ー踏上蛇口码头,就感到无比的清新,感到ー草一木都非常亲切。<br />
<br />
“10月1日,蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话,那是大家的 功劳！<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的,思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上,我们ー定要 赶上和超过他们!”<br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时,宣布散会了,大家意犹未尽。<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了,我放弃了跟上去的打算。<br />
<br />
ハ、“搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
8月7日,袁庚开了一整天会,据说8日也不会有空,而9日ー早又要回香港 了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上,我给他写了一封信,说明这一次 如果不能和他交谈,我将等待,直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨,我把这封信 交给了エ业区党委副书记乔胜利,请他转交。<br />
<br />
8日上午,我到办公大楼访问王潮梁,两人刚坐下来,办公室副主任黄振超匆<br />
<br />
匆忙忙地叫我:“袁董回来了,快去见他!”<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉,说明另改时间,急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的,中间隔着大块的透明玻璃,老远就看 见了袁庚,他手里正拿着一大摞文件。<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候,黄振超在旁边向他说明:“只是见见面,不会占你很多 时间。”<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说:<br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的?来搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了,而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。我 知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。梁宪说过,前几年在北京开会,有一天袁庚 看了张洁的小说《爱,是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章,问他:“你认识这个作家 吗?咱们把她请到蛇口去!”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所 了解的,“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。<br />
<br />
我也笑着说:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋,要写你和蛇口。”<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下,舒服地往藤椅上一靠,摆出了准备 谈ー阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好,这里问题多得 很,改革每前进ー步都要经过斗争,到处充满着矛盾。”<br />
<br />
我说:“正是这一点吸引了我。”<br />
<br />
“ー个国家没有民主是不行的,而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。 我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国,政治家演说,群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿 扔他,他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的,但这ー套对巩固资产阶级的统 治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底,孙中山是 想搞民主的,他死得太早,没搞成。中华民族是伟大的,但是历史的包袱太重了。”<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿,她在美国学企业管理,谈起来也说:在 美国深有感慨,感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重〇<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族,就没有什么框框,我在报告会上也说了,他们的总督牌香烟广 告有一句口号是’想做就去做’,这句话香港也接受不了,译成’应做就去做’〇当 然,想干什么就干什么是不行的,但我们许多应干的事却干不成。”<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历,他扼要地做了回答,着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命” 中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时,这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来,<br />
<br />
微笑着站在那里不动,我知道是催他去开会,我们的谈话该结束了。<br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志,我们马上又赶到 太子宾馆,和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢,对监狱内外情形 都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说:<br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨,出来就蔦儿了,可是他不,他的劲头反而更大了。”<br />
<br />
我心里说:这オ是袁庚!<br />
<br />
过了几天,乔胜利对陈宜浩说:“袁董看了我的信,答应下次回来再和我谈。” 可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。<br />
<br />
8月25日上午,我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息,急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联 系。但是太迟了,他过了中午又要回香港,而上午的时间已经排满,就在和我通话 的时候,他不得不放下电话去开门。他说:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧,不要紧的,我们没有秘密。”<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访,ー时想不齐全,只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字, 他ーー做了回答:“这些也要发表吗?”我说:“不一定发表。”他说:“发表也没关系, 那天我讲话外国人也听了。”<br />
<br />
我说:“将来排出校样,送给你看看好吗?免得事实有出入。”<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查,出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的,难免出点差 错。捅点娄子也不要紧。”<br />
<br />
“好了,谢谢您。”<br />
<br />
“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。<br />
<br />
一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观,来到铝材厂门口时,他向学 员们介绍:这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人,23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起 来,大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停エ,ー个工人从高处摔下来受了伤,他的哥哥跑 过去看了看,见弟弟没有生命危险,便又回去干活了。<br />
<br />
袁庚说:“日本不富没有天理!中国改革不富也没有天理!”<br />
<br />
现在我想说:蛇口的改革不成功没有天理!<br />
<br />
九、大鹏魂<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚,魁梧、潇洒,兼有外交家和实业家的风度,具有一种吸引人的魅 カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢?<br />
拨开历史的迷雾,我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园,算 是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。<br />
<br />
1935年,他毕业于广州广雅中学,随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测 量员,他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校,陈济棠下台后,这家军校成了国民党中央军 校的分校。在学校里,袁庚是活跃的足球门将,练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕 业,他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官,ー个个腐化不堪,对民族危亡无动于衷,便愤 然回到故乡大鹏镇,担任第一小学校长,同时兼任地方自卫队教官。<br />
<br />
学校是国民党办的,自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的,但是学校和自卫队中都有 中共地下党员。<br />
<br />
戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚,在当地是ー个重要人物,三种政治力量对他都很 重视。<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文,和他住到ー起,亲自考察他。<br />
<br />
革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
<br />
1939年3月27日,袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党,从这ー 天起,他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。<br />
<br />
当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党 的漫画,刺痛了国民党区党部,他的处境变得危险了,党组织于!939年冬天把他转 移到党领导的抗日游击队,从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子, 像大鹏ー样展翅高飞了。<br />
<br />
抗日战争期间,美军作为盟军,在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组,担任东纵联 络处处长的袁庚,和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示,东纵和美 军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报,对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。<br />
<br />
日寇投降时,英军远在缅甸,ー个海军少将只率领ー营人乘航空母舰赶到香 港。他的兵力不足以维持治安,要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央,中 央复电:为了对付国民党的内战阴谋,坚决撤离港九地区;同时要求在香港设立联 络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判,袁庚不辱使命,漂亮地完成了任务,并成为驻 香港办事处的第一任主任,这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能 想到,历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折,二十多年后,这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。<br />
<br />
十、秦城监狱<br />
<br />
1968年4月6日,袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家,到机关去上班。北京的4月 初,春寒料峭,风沙迷眼,加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报,形成一片肃杀气氛,使袁 庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作,刚告一段落,还来不及喘口气, 就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息,他于愤 懑中保持着镇定。<br />
<br />
回到办公室不久,有人通知:“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门,看到 除部长之外,还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长,面孔板得像 ー座木雕。<br />
<br />
“袁庚,你被捕了!”<br />
<br />
下午,机关召开大会,部长在会上宣布:“袁庚是美国特务,已经依法逮捕。”袁 庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和 刘丹ー,互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周 总理安全的情景,记忆犹新,那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间,周旋于华侨社会 之中,眼睛熬红了,人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场,天理何在?!<br />
<br />
与此同时,汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中,勒令交出所有的钥匙,开始抄家。 翻箱倒柜,从下午抄到天黑,然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时,オ发现三个 孩子被关在门外不准进家,左邻右舍也不敢收留,孩子们在抹眼泪……<br />
<br />
从此以后,袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里,也不知是死是 活,到哪里打听都说不知道。!969年,汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校,孩 子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”,但作为“反革命家属”， 她只能干最脏最累的活,如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎,痛得胳膊抬 不起来,医生建议回北京治疗,干校就是不准。直到!972年初夏,她的大孩子中印 就要下乡插队了,她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服,打点行装,オ被批准。<br />
<br />
1972年7月,袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后,有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去 探监。“他还活着,他还活着!”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。<br />
<br />
汪宗谦心酸地发现,袁庚行走困难,说话声音也变了,而且他不知道当时是何 年何月！<br />
<br />
原来监狱里日夜亮着灯,犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替,失去了时间的概念;<br />
睡觉时只准脸朝外,一条腿总是压在下边,时间长了造成萎缩;长期不讲话,声带都 沙哑了。<br />
<br />
我曾经听说,袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西,只有放风时在天井里看到 墙根的小草。问他是不是这样,他说:<br />
<br />
“不,还有蚂蚁,我对蚂蚁很有研究。”<br />
<br />
这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量!<br />
<br />
汪宗谦见过了袁庚,就为救他而奔走了。<br />
<br />
“没见他不知道他死活,既然知道他还活着,我就怕他死了!问题还没搞清,死 了孩子们都得背黑锅呀!他住在楼上,要到楼下的天井放风,上下都很辛苦,我到 中央接待站去上访,请求把他搬到楼下来,这个要求被接受了。”<br />
<br />
袁庚搬到楼下的ー间房,发现席子底下有一团花白的头发,他判断这里关过ー 个五十多岁的女同志。后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事,王光美 说:“没错,正是我住过的那间房。”<br />
<br />
袁庚出狱,已是1973年9月30日,整整关了 5年半。<br />
<br />
在狱中,睡觉时只要一转身,看守就在外边敲门。夜晚,敲门声常常把人惊醒。 袁庚回到家里,刚一入睡就惊醒了,这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年,这种心悸 病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能,却用了更长的时间。每天,汪宗谦搀 着袁庚,ー步,ー步,慢慢地走,越走越远,越走越快,走了一年之久,两条腿オ恢复 了平衡。<br />
<br />
更可悲的是,有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子,出来不会走直路了,一走就 转圈,连马路也不能过。人啊,人！人的尊严到哪里去了！<br />
<br />
经过一年多的休养治疗,1975年,袁庚被分配到交通部,当了外事局副局长。<br />
<br />
ー恢复工作,袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体ー样活跃起来。<br />
<br />
恢复工作之前,袁庚骑自行车上街,总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道,“不能开 慢点吗” !恢复工作之后,自己也坐上了小汽车,有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了, “不能靠边骑吗” !他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化,在心里警告自己道: “可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀!”<br />
<br />
多年来,这成了他的一个信条。<br />
<br />
十ー、香港第一课<br />
<br />
1978年,做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚,以花甲之年改行搞经济,被派<br />
<br />
到香港招商局担任副董事长。<br />
<br />
招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日,招商局 香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱,从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。 历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长,所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。 从李鸿章算起,袁庚是第29任了。<br />
<br />
香港招商局在极'左‘思想影响之下,经营单一,困守一隅,搞了几十年没有什 么发展。袁庚到任,根据中央定下的“以航运为中心,立足港澳,背靠内地,面向海 外,多种经营,工商结合,买卖结合”的方针,以铁腕大力整顿。<br />
<br />
袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说:<br />
<br />
“我到香港的第一课,就是买了一座大楼,非常便宜,只花了 6180万（港币）。 第一次交订金时,支票2000万。那天是星期五,当时讲好下午2点钟,在ー个律师 楼里,大家一手交钱,一手交货。我们开了 2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的 对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里,发动机都没有停。ー上去之后,大 家一手交货,一手交钱,签字。签完字,对方拿着支票,两个人夹住,下去了。剩下 ー个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度,马上存到银行里去了。 因为明天是礼拜六了,人家银行关门,礼拜天也关门,假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前 不到银行去交那个支票的话,他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支 票交给他。我们的财务去了,他回来向我们报告,他说当时那个场面是很动人的。 当然,我们闭着眼睛也能想到,资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重 视,当时浮动利息是!4厘,三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志,那就 无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去,回家。他没有这个观念!这就是香港第一课。 我也不怕自惭形秽,ー窍不通,我接触经济工作,仅仅是5年多前开始的。但ー开 始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多!招商局的子公司多的是,ー检查,发现支 票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了 ,换了一个华东 财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后,我就给他讲这个道理,ー个礼拜之内他就能够接 受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事,立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后,财源 滚滚而来。……这个’时间就是金钱’,不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我,其实 这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’,它说得比我还 厉害,时间重于金钱!”<br />
<br />
招商局走上轨道,袁庚就考虑进ー步的发展了。1979年初,他和有关同志带 着在蛇口开发エ业区的蓝图,到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志 很感兴趣,当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给エ业区,袁庚还没有这个胆量,只要了<br />
<br />
2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候,袁庚心里默默 地说:<br />
<br />
“先念同志,签吧,您这ー笔下去,将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀!”<br />
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十二、淸新<br />
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1984年8月,蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅,迎面是ー架屏 风,正中间挂着一幅草书,苍劲流畅的书法,引人注目,细看那内容,更是气度非凡。 这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本,把它抄了下来。<br />
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登微波楼<br />
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微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
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时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
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宝安袁庚<br />
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我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
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我有同感。<br />
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蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
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六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
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晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
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啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
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十三、心血<br />
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清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
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ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
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1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
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这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
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施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
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午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
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下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
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厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
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的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
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我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
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我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
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龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
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“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
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“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
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“你有什么打算?”<br />
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“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
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“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
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“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
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在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
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十五、激动的工程师<br />
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7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
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蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
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边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
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“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
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的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
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“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
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46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
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他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
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王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
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袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
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管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
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当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
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“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
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“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
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“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
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“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
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“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
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“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
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“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
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“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
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“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
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了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
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父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
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“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
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当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
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“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
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“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
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“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
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“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
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第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
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12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
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1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
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王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
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“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
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“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
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“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
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“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
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“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
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“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
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“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
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王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
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十六、年轻的总经理<br />
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一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
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“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
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说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
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“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
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只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
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她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
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“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
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这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
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“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
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“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
<br />
“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
<br />
“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
<br />
“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=154845Report CN EN 032023-03-16T13:53:36Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 卷一：5.痴情 */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
<br />
=Xie Jiayu=<br />
==卷一：5.痴情==<br />
<br />
披长发的人<br />
<br />
People with long hair<br />
<br />
在我们这个古老的文明的国度里,文明的标志之一,就在妇女的形体永远是被遮掩的;而西方的人们酷爱裸体,那似乎是色情的、野蛮的表现。<br />
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In this old, civilized country, one of the hallmarks of civilization is that women's bodies are always covered; whereas in the West, people love nudity, which seems to be erotic and barbaric.<br />
<br />
如果有一位中国的画家,放肆地挥动画笔,画了几个一丝不挂的少女,画出她们丰腴的肌肤,结实的乳房,纤细的腰肢,窈窕的体态;如果这幅画不是悄悄地藏匿在画室里,或锁在箱子底,而呈现在一个人流不息的场合,高悬于墙壁之上,煩赫于 大庭广众之间。<br />
<br />
If there is a Chinese painter, wildly waving the brush, painted a few naked girls with their chubby skin, solid breasts, slender waist and slim posture; if the painting is not quietly hidden in the studio, or locked in the bottom of the box, but presented in a crowded occasion, hanging high on the wall, or setting off an intensifying discussion among the public.<br />
<br />
呵,画家,你想过没有,我们当中的一些人将羞涩地捂住面孔,好像是你动手剥掉了她们的衣服。我们当中的另一些人,愤怒地瞪大眼睛,好像是你亵渎了他的姐妹。你等着吧,诅咒、抗议,将像雪片似飞来。你甚至会像16世纪威尼斯画派的委罗奈斯那样,因为在一幅神圣的画面的一角画了几个世俗的形象,从而接受法庭的审讯……你是胆大妄为,还是心血来潮?你发疯了吧!<br />
<br />
Oh, painter, have you ever thought that some of us will cover our faces shyly, as if you had stripped them of their clothes? Others of us will stare angrily, as if you had desecrated their sisters. Just wait, the curses, and protests, will come like snowflakes. You may even be tried in court, like Veronese of the 16th century Venetian school, for painting a few secular images in the corner of a sacred picture... Are you fearless, or seized by a whim? You're out of your mind!<br />
<br />
此刻,他正在作画。<br />
<br />
At this moment, he is painting.<br />
<br />
他站在ー间新建的空旷的大厅里,手中拿着ー支画笔,用沉思的、严厉的、挑剔 的目光,向那幅尚未完成的作品端详。他的衣衫不整,胸襟上沾满了斑驳陆离的颜 色。他的头发很长,很浓密,如一股黑色的激流向上抛溅,又像瀑布似的悬垂于半 空,映衬着ー张岩石般的面孔,峻峭的棱角,毫不妥协的神情,仿佛一尊粗犷的 石像。<br />
<br />
喂,你到底从哪里来的?你到底想干什么?<br />
<br />
南去列车<br />
<br />
风和日暖的残冬。北京火车站。<br />
<br />
那时的北京站还不像今天这样拥挤。月台是清洁的,甬道是明净的,车厢里显 得很宽松。一个年轻的姑娘,手提旅行袋,登上硬席卧车,在靠近窗口的地方坐 下来。<br />
<br />
姑娘吸引了旅客们的目光。她长得真漂亮,那样年轻、那样素朴,而又光艳动 人。她身上一件剪裁得体的小棉袄,罩一件浅灰色蓝格子外衣,身材修长,脸色白 晳,留着ー头蓬松的短发,气度优雅、娴静,双眼回盼流波,像是俏丽的江南女子,嘴 角挂着一丝倔强的波纹,又带有北国女儿特有的神韵……<br />
<br />
火车开动了,驶出北京,向南开去。从北京开到浦口,大约一天半的行程。旅 客们陷入了各自的离愁或乡思,靠近窗口的姑娘也在默默盘算如何打发这么多的 时间。<br />
<br />
从车厢的一角传来喧笑声和议论声,那儿自然形成一个小小的语言岛,聚拢了 欢快的一群人。姑娘受好奇心的驱使走了过去,只见人们围着一个年轻男子,那人 手里拿着炭笔和速写本,在给火车上的一位穿铁路制服的机修工人画像。<br />
<br />
ー支普通的画笔在那个人的手里,成了一支奇妙的魔术棒,三两笔就把那位机 修工人的神情和特点勾勒出来,像极了。<br />
<br />
对一般的观众来说,像与不像,是绘画艺术的最高标准,光凭这几下子,就使半 个车厢的人叹服。<br />
<br />
“还真有点儿本事。”姑娘在心里称赞着。她的目光从画稿上移开,向小伙子 投去一瞥,只觉眼前ー团乌黑:乌黑的棉袄,乌黑的棉裤,乌黑的鞋子,和一团乌黑 的、蓬乱的头发,组成了沉重的色块,像ー块铅似的堵在姑娘面前。其中却有一点 儿例外,那是小伙子的棉袄纽扣没扣好,一件紫红色内衣的领子伸了出来,歪歪扭 扭的,很扎眼。<br />
<br />
这位姑娘素喜淡雅,最讨厌黑色;何况,又掺和着过分的鲜艳。两种极端的色 调同时出现在小伙子的身上,使姑娘蓦然产生反感:“哼,ー个蹩脚画家,连自己衣 服的颜色都不会搭配,还学什么画画儿!瞧他那毛头毛脑的样子,大概是个中专生 吧,偏要留着两撇小胡子,装成大人样儿一可笑!”<br />
<br />
姑娘矜持地走开了。<br />
<br />
车厢里出现了一位女乘务员,协助旅客安置行李,整顿车厢秩序。乘务员看见 姑娘坐在靠近窗口的小座位上,便走过来问道:“同志,您没买卧铺票吧?”<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头:“嗯……”<br />
<br />
“那没关系。”乘务员热情地说,“瞧,您坐在这儿多不舒服呀,也妨碍别人过来 过去。这节车厢还有空铺,请跟我来<br />
<br />
姑娘顺从地跟着乘务员,来到车厢的一角,放好旅行袋,刚刚坐下,不由得眉头 ー皱一那团讨厌的黑色又堵在面前。<br />
<br />
显然,毛头画家也没买卧铺票,被乘务员打发到这里了。此刻,他靠在对面的 卧铺上,手里依然捧着速写本,望着窗外闪过的山峦、河流、田野,在本子上划拉着 什么。<br />
<br />
姑娘故意侧过头去。过了一会儿,又忍不住朝速写本上张望。她的气度是端 庄的、安然的。ー个长大成人的姑娘,面对着看起来比自己年轻的男子,总有一种 居高临下的自我感觉;两性的成熟期本来就存在着差异,这种差异增加了女方的优 越感。她俨然以长者的审视的目光,品评着小伙子勾出的那些曲线。姑娘的目光 像是在说:“车子跑得这么快,你能画出什么东西!”<br />
<br />
小伙子合上速写本,抬起头来,朝姑娘微笑着:“你在哪ー站下车?”<br />
<br />
“浦口。”姑娘说。<br />
<br />
“出差?还是探亲?”<br />
<br />
姑娘摇摇头:“不,我在上学,苏州医学院的。”<br />
<br />
小伙子眨了眨眼睛:“开车前,我在车站上看见有一个男孩和一个女孩送你,是 弟弟和妹妹吧?”<br />
<br />
姑娘点点头:“嗯。”<br />
<br />
“为什么不是大人来送你呢?”<br />
<br />
姑娘脸上掠过ー丝悲戚:“不在了<br />
<br />
小伙子关切地问道:“怎么……”<br />
<br />
“我的父母在部队工作,后来都牺牲了。弟妹们被当作烈士子女照顾,送到北 京上学,我趁放寒假的机会去看看他们……”<br />
<br />
“呵!”小伙子感慨地说,“难怪你们姐弟的关系那么亲密。”<br />
<br />
姑娘沉思片刻,忽然想到对方早就在留心自己,观察得还很细致,而自己却对 对方一无所知,一味回答单方面的提问,未免太不公平了。她脱口问道:“你上哪 儿去?”<br />
<br />
“南通,回老家看看。”小伙子说。<br />
<br />
“你是个中专生吧?”<br />
<br />
“不。”<br />
<br />
“大学生?”<br />
<br />
“不。早毕业了。”<br />
<br />
“哪个学校毕业的?”<br />
“中央美院。”<br />
<br />
“呵!”姑娘若有所悟,“难怪你画得那么像!”<br />
<br />
画家笑了笑:“画得像,并不太难,神似胜过形似。我们讲究以形写神<br />
<br />
“这么说,是我不懂艺术了……”<br />
<br />
“我猜,你一定喜欢艺术。”<br />
<br />
“是的。我喜欢看,看画,也看书。”<br />
<br />
他和她转入了艺术的对话,从美学谈到文学,又从文学中找到更多的话题。他 们谈到了托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》,谈到了巴尔扎克的《高老头》,谈到了夏 洛蒂・勃朗特的《简・爱》,也谈到了司汤达的《红与黑》……<br />
<br />
奔驰的火车,漫长的旅途,同是一代年轻人,相逢何必曾相识！在生活中,有多 少欢聚与悲离的故事,是由穿越大地的沉沉ー线牵引而成的！姑娘靠近窗前的小 桌,倚手托腮,倾听着对方的谈吐,注视着对方的神情。看样子,他早已不是毛头小 伙子,而是ー个坚强自信的男子汉了,推算年龄,还应比姑娘大几岁。之前为什么 给人那样的错觉?哎,男人的年龄真是不好猜测……<br />
<br />
出自女性的敏感,姑娘忽然感到羞怯、腼腆,忸怩不安。刚オ那种居高临下的 傲慢,现在颠倒过来了,被朦胧的敬慕所代替。姑娘又朝画家的装束看去,那不谐 调的黑、红二色,也不那么扎眼了。尽管画家的棉袄还是那么乌黑,内衣领子照样 那么歪扭,头发依然那么蓬乱,在姑娘眼里,都成为ー个埋头艺术、无暇自顾的单身 汉的佐证,触动了姑娘的爱怜之情:“看上去,他是ー个有抱负、有オ华的人!”<br />
<br />
画家取出画板,铺开画纸,对姑娘说:“请允许我给你画一张素描。”<br />
<br />
姑娘点了点头。<br />
<br />
画家画得很慢,很拘谨,愈想画好,神经就愈加紧张,那支笔变得不听使唤,简 直像ー个拙笨的新手。好半天,オ抱歉地说:“对不起,我画得不好……”<br />
<br />
姑娘接过来ー看,脸颊升起两朵红云彩。这幅素描比起画机修工人的那幅要 逊色多了,那些僵硬的线条都是败笔,不客气地说,把姑娘画丑了。难道我就是这 副尊容吗?姑娘有理由提出抗议。可是,姑娘却用甜甜的微笑谅解了画家。说真 的,姑娘甚至不愿看到他太冷静,太从容,像面对着画室里的模特儿那样。姑娘已 不把“形似”看得那么重要,她“神会” 了画家的灵犀。<br />
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画纸的一角是签名和年月ーー袁运生,画于!964年2月。<br />
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画家说:“把它送给你吧。”<br />
<br />
姑娘说:“谢谢,我要留作纪念。”<br />
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“你看,我太粗心了,竟忘了问你的名字。”画家说,“能不能给我写下通信<br />
<br />
地址?”<br />
<br />
姑娘莞尔一笑:“我叫张兰英。”说着,在画家的速写本上写下通信地址。<br />
<br />
火车抵达浦口,他们已经像ー对熟识的老朋友了。从ー个艺术型的医学院学 生和一个严肃型的艺术家的身上,可以找到许多共同的气质。同车的旅客以为他 们早就相识,把他们当作一对情侣,用“你俩”的称呼向他们告别。<br />
<br />
画家送姑娘走到长江之滨,江面上吹来湿润的风。分手的时刻到了,两人都依 依不舍。兰英用温存的、眷恋的目光看着袁运生,那目光便是一切!像天空ー样清 澈,像江水ー样深沉……<br />
<br />
呵!漂亮的姑娘,你太多情了吧。你了解他吗?这桩由京浦干线和蜿蜒长江 交织起来的ー见倾心的故事未免太轻率了吧。<br />
<br />
洛神赋<br />
<br />
在50年代晨光绚丽的日子里,ー只嫩弱的少年的手,握着画笔,在亚麻布上认 真地涂抹着油彩,画出ー个表情同样认真的小女孩,正在模仿姐姐的动作,往自己 的颈子上系着鲜红的领巾。<br />
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这幅油画从江苏南通送往北京,作为报考美术最高学府的作业,献上少年画家 闪闪发光的艺术才能,连同一颗水晶般透明的心。题名《长大了也像姐姐ー样》, 作者:袁运生。<br />
<br />
看到这幅油画,也许人们会认为作者有一种纤柔温顺的女孩子气质。其实恰 恰相反,他性格倔强,奔放不羁,像一匹烈性的马驹。他从小喜欢绘画,主要是受父 亲影响。父亲在南通的一所中学任职,工作之余,热心地收藏各种美术作品。每年 除タ送旧迎新,父亲总要在墙上挂出ー批新画,有中国的,也有外国的,像是举办小 型的画展,充满了文艺沙龙的气氛。家中收藏的那些画,使袁运生得到艺术启蒙。 稍大一些,他去南通市的文化馆参加活动,听讲座,学写生,搞创作,打下了最初的 艺术功底。<br />
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当他报考中央美院时,父亲担忧地说:“这孩子生来ー副舉脾气,叫人不放心。”<br />
<br />
哥哥袁运甫也是搞美术的,ー个劲儿给他打气:“搞吧,搞艺术的人需要有 个性。”<br />
<br />
1955年夏天,中央美术学院招考新生揭晓,袁运生名列第一。<br />
<br />
如果袁运生报考时的作业可以划进某种艺术流派的话,当属苏联巡回展览画 派。这是!9世纪产生于俄国的进步画派,模拟生活,强调主题,注重情节,一幅画 就像一部小说或ー出戏剧。在艺术上继承了伦勃朗的写实传统,又吸收了印象派 运用光色的成就,在十月革命后的苏联美术界享有至高无上的地位,又被我国的朝 圣者像请佛ー样请进了国内。当然,年方17岁的袁运生并不懂得苏联巡回展览画 派的精奥,更没想到艺术流派关联着政治流派。<br />
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他像奔跑在艺术山野里的小鹿,ー头撞入苏联巡回展览画派的怀抱。<br />
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袁运生受到学校的器重。他的出身好（当时像他这样的出身算是难得的）,考 试成绩出类拔萃。他坐在一年级的教室里,头上笼罩着一道政治条件和艺术才能 的光轮。他当选为班上的团支部组织委员,俨然是又红又专的典范。他也真够卖 カ气的,干什么都很认真,有一股倔强劲儿,在苏式教学方法的指导下,他接受了严 格的训练——<br />
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挑选H型的硬质铅笔,把笔削得尖尖的,面对着男女模特儿写生。模特儿们 是用很高的工钱招聘来的,有裸体的,也有不裸体的,在一定的光线照射下,画者与 被画者保持绝对的耐性。先勾出轮廓,再分出“光面”,画上一整天,只画了半个头 像;第二天,在相同的条件下继续进行相同的一幕;随后,一位高鼻深目、西服革履 的中年人走过来,这是礼聘来的专家。每当他从袁运生的背后走过,脸上常常露出 满意的神色。袁运生的素描和油画作业尽得五分,有时还挂在教室里或走廊里供 同学们观摩。<br />
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这一年,北京召开了全国美术院校的素描和油画教学会议,推广苏联的契斯嘉 柯夫教学体系。袁运生所画的一幅中国妇女的半身像被拿到会上去炫耀一苏联 在中国土地上开办的艺术エ厂生产出来的标准模式。<br />
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苏联专家的宠儿,油画系的骄子,一帆风顺,前程似锦。他整天埋头地画呀,手 不停地挥呀,像虔诚的信徒拜倒在艺术偶像的脚下,祈祷自己的灵魂也升入那座艺 术圣殿,坐在玫瑰花环绕的宝座,戴上珍珠的桂冠……对于当时的油画专业大学生 来说,这就是最高的理想了。<br />
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但是,天真的信仰是不牢固的,就像建立在单薄而狭隘的地基上的大厦,很容 易倾覆。一旦倾覆就招致无穷的苦恼。<br />
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苦恼降临了,那是他自找的。一天早晨,他听说礼堂里正在举办一次画展,便 朝那里走去。他停在ー帧帧复制的油画跟前,投去冷静的一瞥,全身传来ー阵电灼 般的感觉,心在摇荡,血在滚沸。<br />
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这是欧洲后期印象派画家凡•高的作品,画面平凡而质朴:田野,草垛,落日斜 映的晚钟,插在陶罐里的向日葵。此外,还有一些肖像画,画的都是小人物:邮差, 矿エ,刈草的农民,放风的囚徒……在这朴实无华的画面中,作者倾注了最强烈的 感情,像酒ー样浓烈,像火焰在燃烧!<br />
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看,那参差不齐的树木有着桀鹫不驯的性格。那起伏的大地仿佛在诉说着痛 苦。在那些小人物的身上,倾注着画家的深情。那幅静物写生一向日葵,仿佛摇 身变成了活物,向凝固的空间伸出纷乱的触角,在捕捉,在摇曳,在不屈不挠地探 求……这哪里是绘画呀,这是画家生命的呼唤,性格的再现!每ー线条和每一色块 都在流动,通过无形的渠道扑面而来,把人钳制、湮没,卷入巨大的感情的旋涡……<br />
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袁运生走出礼堂,脚步摇晃着,像醉了,像受伤了,他的心被ー支锐利的艺术之 箭射穿了。<br />
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他回到宿舍,ー头倒在床上。苏联契斯嘉柯夫教学体系的高オ生转瞬间变成 西欧后期印象派的俘虏,这是具有讽刺意味的。<br />
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宿舍的门推开了,他的同屋好友走进来,看见他脸色苍白,神情疲惫,惊奇地 问:“运生,你怎么了?”<br />
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“我去看了凡•高的画展。”袁运生从床上坐起来说,“苏联巡回展览画派的作 品从来没有使我这样激动过……”<br />
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他发表了一番感慨。他认为,苏联绘画理论的可取之处,在于强调把对象摆在 一定的光线照射之下,用细微的目光去观察层次色调,精心描摹,这是一切绘画的 基础。有这个就够了。下ー步需要的是挣脱、前进,而不是作茧自缚。<br />
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他的话是对的。纵观艺术史上的各个流派,都有其发生、发展、兴衰、沉浮的过 程。苏联巡回展览画派在美术界理应占有它的一席之地,无可厚非。一旦把它捧 上了天,并用行政手段加以推行,却适得其反,将给艺术带来窒息性的灾难。实际 上,在50年代,全世界的画家包括苏联画家在内,都在奔跑、探索、创新。而我们在 干着什么蠢事呀?……<br />
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袁运生激动地说:“我们跟在别人的屁股后头,把别人扔掉的东西拾起来!”<br />
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好朋友了解他的性格,同情他的议论,但,他们替他担忧。当时,ー个几亿人的 社会拜倒在苏式偶像的脚下,他的话无异于对神明的亵渎。<br />
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从那以后,他变得不大安分了, ー头温驯的伏尔加式的小鹿,现出烈性马驹的 本色。在照例完成课堂作业之外,即兴挥笔,画法凌乱,仿佛在追求着缥缈的目标〇<br />
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目标,终于找到了,竟然近在眼前。<br />
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从中央美术学院所在的帅府园,穿过王府井和八面槽之间的大转盘,大约一里 之遥,就是故宫博物院的东华门。当时的美院学生享有特殊的便利,光凭ー张学生 证就可以自由出入中华古代艺术的禁苑。在这里,他看到了明代陈老莲的《博古叶 子》,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》,还有唐代一大批著名画家的真迹……<br />
他最喜欢东晋画家顾恺之的名作《洛神赋》。<br />
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长长的画卷,浪漫的构思,多么富有想象カ!画景,山水幽奇,意境清旷;画人, 栩栩如生,凌空飞舞。是形似?是神似?介乎似与不似之间,那是作者的神思在翱 翔 <br />
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他把目光贴近画卷,那笔锋历千年而不衰,如春蚕吐丝,细密精致,挥洒自如。 他联想到苏联的油画理论否认线的存在。但在我国的绘画中,概括而洗练的线条 表现出高超的魅力。<br />
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站在这座古老的金碧辉煌的殿堂里,他的眼前掠过了一条滔滔的艺术长河,他 的思绪如抛出的ー缕游丝在延伸。如果把时髦的西方艺术与古老的东方艺术比作 两极,这两极之间似乎存在息息相通的东西。哦,明白了。当我们刻舟求剑、舍近 求远的时候,现今那些抽象派、野兽派、现代派、未来派的精灵和魔鬼们,悄悄地从 东方艺术中敲骨吸髓,摄取营养,强化他们的躯体,这就是奥妙所在。<br />
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祖国呀祖国,你的艺术不是水,不是酒,不是乳,而是神奇的皇浆呵!<br />
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虎丘<br />
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兰英与画家在浦口分手后,返回苏州上学。转眼到了阳春三月。春风十里,嫩 柳舒黄,著名的小桥流水之乡像少女揭开面上的轻纱,含情脉脉,万般妩媚。<br />
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姑娘的心境,也像苏醒的春天一样明丽。<br />
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她收到画家从南通发来的信,文笔洒脱,用姑娘的话说:“水平够高的!”信中 回忆了火车上难忘的一幕,倾诉了思慕的心情。还说,他的父母兄长很想和姑娘认 识ー下,如果手头有照片,请寄来ー张。<br />
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兰英毫不犹豫地翻开相册,挑选ー张小照,附上一封简短的回信,寄往南通。 这个小小的举动,包含着不寻常的意义,就像最短的电磁微波可以传递重大的信息 ー样,它明白地表示:姑娘以身相许了。<br />
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兰英成长的经历使她习惯于自作主张。她生在山东,长在江南,父母牺牲以 后,从小跟随部队迁移,走到哪里,哪里就是她的家,养成了独立生活的能力。这些 年,她随时得到来自集体和女伴们的温暖,却从未受过任何约束。或许,别人都有 点宠着她,哄着她,使她形成一副执拗的性格。<br />
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此刻,她产生一种新奇的感觉,觉得她比周围的人更幸福。因为她有了意中人 占据她的心灵,牵连她的情怀,默默享受着初恋的少女秘而不宣的快乐。她甚至想 象这个秘密一旦揭开,女伴们该是多么惊讶,何等羡慕！在女伴们的印象里,她的 眼界是很高的,她的出身优越,容貌佼佼,男同学里没人敢来高攀,要让她看中可不 容易呀。她进行得那么巧妙,既不是父母之命,也不是媒妁之言,旅途相遇,ー见钟 情,像旋风般带来一切,使姑娘对美好生活充满渴望,真正罗曼蒂克!于是,她用甜 蜜之丝编织着未来的情景,焦急地等待来自南通的反应。他收到她的信没有?画 家的父母看了她的照片会不会评头品足?是嫌她过于俏丽,还是不够如意?哎! 这件事可真难猜测……姑娘的心就像江南三月的天气,乍暖乍寒,时雨时晴。<br />
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学校里正在筹备“三八”妇女节的庆祝活动。兰英是班上的文娱委员,重任在 肩的主要角色。排节目,出板报,布置会场,时间一晃就过去了。<br />
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“三八”节这天,帷幕拉开,众目睽睽,忽然有人叫文娱委员去接电话。兰英抄 起话筒,ー惊一喜一那是画家从学校的传达室打来的。<br />
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兰英极カ掩饰激动的心情,转身向同学们含糊地交代了几句,ー阵风似的跑到 学校的门口。<br />
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画家站在那里,手中照例拿着ー个速写本。<br />
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“什么时候到的?”姑娘问道。<br />
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“刚下火车。探亲假结束了,路过这里。”画家说。<br />
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“请进去吧,你……是不是要为我们的庆祝活动画几张速写?”<br />
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“不进去了。我想请你出去走一走……”<br />
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兰英犹豫了一下。她乐意接受这个请求,又感到为难。自从迈入成熟的青春 岁月,每年这一天,兰英都是和女伴们一起度过的。今天竟要离开自己的集体,意 味着向人生的ー个阶段告别。她想到学校的纪律,同学的舆论……<br />
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“去哪儿?”兰英羞怯地问。<br />
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“去虎丘。”画家的表情毫不动摇。<br />
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当他俩走下公共汽车,站在虎丘山的脚下,姑娘不安的心情平静了,轻松了。<br />
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和苏州城里狭小的园林相比,虎丘是宽阔、幽静的去处。白居易题虎丘的诗, 开头两句便是“香刹看非远,祇园入始深” 〇沿着石路向园中走去,松柏如云,剑池 澄碧,茂林修竹掩映着山坡上的楼台亭榭:花神庙,三笑亭……愈走愈深,愈走愈 静,像是走进了甜蜜的梦境。<br />
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这是兰英头一次和男人单独地待在ー起,姑娘的心中荡漾着神秘的波纹。她 觉得有很多话要对画家说,又不知从何说起。<br />
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“照片收到了吗?”姑娘问。<br />
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“收到了。家里人看了,都很喜欢你。”画家说。<br />
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可是,画家很快岔开了话题。他评论苏州的风土人情,介绍江南的造型艺术 他对这ー带似乎很熟悉,知道不少掌故。姑娘听得津津有味,为画家渊博的学识而 倾倒。<br />
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前面就是虎丘塔了,巍然高耸的塔尖,插向蓝天白云,瑰丽又神奇。兰英和画 家兴奋地向山顶跑去。画家伸出有力的手臂搀扶着姑娘,互相贴得那样近,感觉到 对方呼吸的热流和心的跳荡。松柏,竹林,摇曳着向后掠去,仿佛在祝福这ー对美 好的情侣。突然,ー股炽烈的感情冲动,他俩同时收住脚步。<br />
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这里是山林的怀抱,四周寂静无人。画家盯着姑娘,那目光是坦率的、憨直的; 兰英幸福地闭上眼睛,准备接受一次永生难忘的爱情洗礼。金色的阳光穿过树林 的枝丫,在姑娘的脸上洒下婆娑的斑影,她的两颊像玫瑰ー样醉红,双唇像微微绽 开的花瓣,比平时更加艳丽动人。多么纯洁的姑娘呵,敞开心灵之窗,没有一丝灰 尘和杂质。虽然这是她与画家第二次相会,她信任对方,信任生活,就像信任自己 ー样。紧紧拥抱她吧,热烈地吻她吧,她将永远委身于你,从现在直到生命的最后 ー瞬 <br />
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“兰英,我要告诉你ー件事。”此刻,她听到的,却是画家冷静的声音,“第一次, 来不及。第二次,还不晚。我在上大学的时候被划成了’右派’。真的,是’右 派’厂’<br />
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霎时间,山林,古塔,都凝固在死一般的沉寂里……<br />
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孤岛上<br />
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到过大海上的小岛吗?天连水,水连天,云落云飞,潮起潮落。小岛是一首诗, 清新隽永的诗。!957年的春夏之交,袁运生置身在诗一般的环境里。<br />
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他到小岛上深入生活,练习写生。中央美术学院规定,二年级学生有两个月的 实习课;暑假前,同学们都分赴全国各地。小岛之行,只有他和另一位同学参加。 这里位于黄海之滨,岛上只有驻军,没有居民,方圆几平方公里。小岛给他提供了 幸运的环境,远离人世间的喧嚣纷争,逃避陆地上发生的那次剧烈的动荡。<br />
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小岛上的人和大自然最亲近。每天凌晨,他背着画箱,徜徉在铺满鹅黄色沙砾 的海滩,迎接第一线快乐的阳光。年仅十八岁的袁运生,已经从苏联巡回展览画派 脱颖而出,成为中国古典画派与西洋现代画派的朦胧的复合体,心情是焦渴的。当 蓝色的海水洒下万颗金星,霞光把无比绚丽的色彩填满他的心胸,这是年轻艺术家 生命燃烧的时刻。他急忙打开画箱,摊开画布,收下大自然的慷慨奉献。<br />
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小岛很单纯。政治和人口成正比例,这里没有更多的政治话题。每过十天左 右,オ有一艘驳船开来,投递报纸和邮件。他和同伴借吃饭的机会,匆匆翻开报纸, 草草看上几眼。报纸上出现的文章令他感到新奇:<br />
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“北京在鸣放了。这篇文章有点儿意思。这条意见应该采纳。照这么改,就好 啦……”<br />
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他看完报纸ー扔,随即忘在脑后。除了画画之外,他对别的漫不经心。他的生 活道路上阳光明丽,没有阴云笼罩,没有值得担忧的东西。他关心的是光线、色块 和线条的运用。<br />
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年轻艺术家面对的唯一政治命题,由当地的驻军向他提出来。一天,他被部队 的宣传干事带到ー间简陋的工棚里,投向他的是一双信赖的目光。<br />
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“小袁,你们曾经要求到另一个海岛上去写生吧?”<br />
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“是,我们希望去那里。”<br />
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“部队研究过了。你可以去,你的同学留下来。”<br />
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“为什么?”<br />
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“那个岛在修建永久性的军事工程,去的人要通过政治审查。你们学校填写了 两份材料,你的情况单纯。你的同学不能去,主要是因为家庭问题……”<br />
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袁运生皱了皱眉头。这次单独的邀请称得上是ー种荣幸,既然生活当中存在 这样ー些规则,自己欣然前往,谁也无可非议。但是,这件事给他带来的烦恼超过 了兴奋。他了解自己的同学,都是共青团员,都是学生当中的骨干,为什么硬要加 以区分?他凭着搞艺术的思维方式,认定这是良心和友谊的命题。<br />
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“喂,我打听清楚了。”他回到住处,对伙伴说,“那个岛上正在修工事,打眼放 炮,烟雾腾腾,没什么可画的。咱们出来的时间不短了,干脆打道回府吧!”<br />
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不久,他和同学漂过大海,在旅大登陆。凉爽的海风,吹拂着这座优美的城市, 触动一番游兴。他俩在街上闲逛,这里景色别致,建筑古怪,到处充满了俄罗斯情 调。抬头看着路标,写着“马卡洛夫”之类的街名,又勾起袁运生的满腹牢骚:“活 见鬼!中国城市的街道为什么要用俄国的将军来命名?真叫人扫兴……”几天后, 他俩站在蓝色的港湾,向万顷碧波投去最后的一瞥,转身踏上归程。<br />
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不料,这竟是袁运生向蔚蓝色生活的诀别。<br />
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北京变样了。迅雷不及掩耳的反击,势如破竹的批判,校园里的落英缤纷,使 海上归来的游子感到惊奇。最令他不解的是院党委书记江丰的处境。听说党委书 记犯了错误,因为提倡革命画派过了头,有碍“百花齐放”〇袁运生实在弄不明白, “画派”和“右派”之间有什么关系……<br />
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袁运生躲到宿舍里去,埋头整理他的画稿。也许,他是安全的。他主张继承中 国古代的艺术,借鉴西方的现代艺术,该是有利于“百花齐放”吧,还能不安全吗? ー连几天,他追逐着白云、浪花和海鸥,沉浸在海上之游的回忆中……<br />
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有一天,他忽然被喊到教室里,站在人们的面前,像ー个漏了税的走私犯接受 审讯。<br />
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摆在他面前的一大堆问题:有艺术上离经叛道的观点,有同情“右派”的言论, 有在海岛上和在旅大“放毒”的问题,其中贯穿着一个可怕的罪名一“反苏” 〇<br />
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究竟是谁告发了他,用初等数学就能得出答案,但是这种解答毫无意义。既然 他曾这样想过,也这样说过,对谁说都一样,直言无隐,献上一颗诚实的心。<br />
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他搜肠刮肚地把说过的话重复了一遍,主持会议的人向他ー挥手:“请你到外 面等一会儿。”<br />
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他离开教室,站在走廊里,心情舒坦而熨帖。走廊和教室只有一门之隔,他听 见屋里在争论。<br />
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有人说:“够了……<br />
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有人说:“还不够…<br />
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有人说:“态度还好<br />
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他的好友在替他争辩,另ー些人在坚持什么,听起来怪有意思的。接着是沉 默……然后,他被叫回屋里。<br />
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“小袁,经过研究,你被划成’右派’了!”<br />
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政治运动的油画箱与艺术家的油画箱不同,只有两种颜色一红与黑。点朱 泼墨,二者居其ー,只能靠占卦卜问凶吉。他与院党委书记江丰年龄悬殊,底色不 同,观点对立,照样用黑笔ー勾,殊途同归,绘画程序高度简化。<br />
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晚上,他骑着自行车,来到白家庄,哥哥袁运甫住在这里。他往沙发上一靠: “我是了。”<br />
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哥哥笑着问:“你是什么了?”<br />
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“我是’右派’了。”<br />
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“呵?”哥哥大吃ー惊,“你犯了什么错误?”<br />
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“我没犯错误。”<br />
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“那为什么要划成'右派’？”<br />
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“他们说我是,就是啰。”<br />
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“糟了!糟了!”哥哥浑身在战栗。<br />
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“有什么可糟的?”他平淡地说,“我还照样画画,照样上学,照样搞艺术嘛。”<br />
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哥哥望着他那单纯的面孔,望着他嘴上柔软的茸毛,心缩紧了,欲哭无泪。他 只有18岁呀!被践踏而感觉痛苦的人是不幸的;被践踏尚且不懂得痛苦的人又是 多么可悲哪!他太年轻了,还没来得及向生活伸出触角,一旦他那稚嫩的敏感的神 经末梢感觉到痛楚,他能活下去吗?<br />
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他的确还不懂得痛苦。不久,首都数十万人拥向郊外,在十三陵的峡谷里移山 造湖,兴修水库,ー颗天真的心被激动了。他想,那么多人齐心合力地做一件事,场 面该是多么美好。他骑上自行车,带上油画箱,一口气赶了一百多里路,来到工地 指挥部,请求一边干活ー边作画。对方拒绝了,解释说,按照规定,不接纳个人 来访。<br />
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又过不久,他随中央美院的大队人马,浩浩荡荡开进工地,心情是多么昂奋哪! 他ー个人顶几个人干活,用一条扁担挑六个土筐,在崎岖的山路上跑得风快。晌 午,别人午睡了,他捧着画夹,顶着烈日,到山上去写生,直累得精疲力竭,摇摇晃晃 地走回工棚,仍然不觉得苦。因为,这是自愿的。他被沸腾的生活所激励,毫不吝 惜地付出精力,感到这是莫大的愉快。<br />
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可是,工棚里的气氛发生了变化。同学们围着他,指着他,说他不老实,不接受 改造,不应再搞创作……他愕然了。他不懂得这是在开批判会,也听不懂那些话。 只觉得熟悉的目光变成凌厉的目光,亲近的面孔变成冷漠的面孔,平和的嗓门变成 呵斥的嗓门,ー张张嘴在动,一双双手在晃。他忽然明白了一仅仅明白了一点: 自己和别人不一样!<br />
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他睁大布满血丝的眼睛,蠕动焦干的嘴唇,两手抱头,颓然倒下了。<br />
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过度劳累加上精神刺激,使他染上严重的痢疾,这场病从夏天拖到了冬天,后 来,他被送进学校里一间没有暖气设备的小屋。<br />
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小屋阴冷、潮湿,滴水成冰。他发着高烧,浑身滚烫,是死是活,学校当局不再 放在心上。一年前,中央美院的骄子,变成了被遗弃的孤儿。这时,他オ感到了痛 苦,艺术上被扼杀的痛苦,超过了肉体上的痛苦,像是被推进了可怕的地狱。不! 艺术的灵境,只有天堂,没有地狱。别人强迫他学会自卑,他永远也学不会。昏迷 中,杂乱的思绪在闪烁,像是追随海鸥在飞翔,相伴洛神在舞蹈。他辗转挣扎,发出 ー串呻吟,仿佛不甘沉沦,要从黑暗的地狱中爬出来……<br />
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屋门透进一束微弱的白光,他听到脚步声在响动。凝神看去,他的好友站在床 前,向他投来同情的关切的目光。<br />
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他霍地坐起来:“请不要再来看我。我懂得,跟我接近对别人是ー种负担。我 需要友谊,但不要怜悯。我现在需要的是孤独,孤独,就让我孤独吧!”<br />
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新月<br />
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タ阳向虎丘投去金黄色的一抹,坠落在山那边。山野闪着清冽的幽辉,连接透 明的黄昏,映衬着千年古塔的庄严侧影,像一位沉思的老人,在俯瞰山林中的一对 青年男女。<br />
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这一刻,对兰英来说是够长的。古往今来流传的爱情故事,有悲剧,也有喜剧, 吸引着人们ー页ー页地看下去。然而,兰英的故事翻开第二页就不忍卒睹了。初 恋少女的万般柔情:幸福、新奇、欢畅……刹那,像ー阵风似的消散了,仿佛有一只 残忍的巨手ー挥,一切都沉没了,一切都消散了,而把一道难题推到姑娘面前,严 峻、冰冷、毫无感情色彩,使甜蜜的幽会变成冷酷的利害选择。<br />
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在那个岁月里,在这块土地上,只要人们提到“右派”,眼前就闪过了灰色的ー 群,像影子,像幽灵。好像他们杀了人,放了火,投了毒。似乎,他们的头上都冠以 “杀气腾腾煽风点火”“公开贩毒”等等罪名。他们的灵魂被判处了死刑,只剩下 没有灵魂的躯壳。这个躯壳,可以喘息但不能出声,必须劳动但不能收获。社会对 他们的唯一宽容,就是给他们比死囚更充裕的时间,使他们的躯壳化为泥土。有谁 愿与鬼贼联姻?有谁愿与僵尸为伴?兰英就面对这样的选择。<br />
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在婚姻与政治结为良缘的环境里,要么夫贵妻荣,要么株连厄运,每ー个姑娘 都不得不做出考虑。就在同一个黄昏里,世间有多少姑娘正在这样考虑呵ーー询 问对方的家庭出身,政治面目,学历,职务,エ资,级别……询问对方的直接价值和 间接转化为价值的一切,随后放在爱情的天平上称ー称。爱情的内容转变了,转变 为商品交换的过程,沿袭成风,天经地义。<br />
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兰英拥有更多的权利替自己打算。她正在接受高等教育,未来的白衣战士,血 管里流动着烈士的血液,组织上正在考虑她的入党问题,骄傲得像名门闺秀,美丽 得像白雪公主……生活的各个路口都将为她开放绿灯,世家公子任她挑选,荣华富 贵任她享受。但是,生活仿佛在捉弄她,来到身边的并不是爱情的天使,而是黑色 的恶魔。立刻断绝来往,现在还来得及,良心与道义上都不用承担任何义务。<br />
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兰英陷入痛苦的沉思。她处境优越,经历单纯,很少沾染世俗之气。因此,她 还不懂得利害。<br />
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政治运动对姑娘来说,像ー场模糊的梦。1957年,她还是个天真稚气的少女, 在中学里读书。她参与了那场声讨,用口,用笔,用义愤填膺的感情。姑娘还没来 得及看清敌人的模样,战斗就结束了,只看见俘虏们的背影。后来,姑娘稍大一些 了,每当听说某人是“右派分子”,总忍不住用好奇的目光看上一眼。她看到,那些 “右派分子”当中,有不少是学者、教授、艺术家、作家、业务骨干、社会名流……她 还时常听到这样的告诫:有オ华的人往往有棱角;有棱角的人往往受磕碰。这个现 实生活的正定理和逆定理,曾被人们用各种不同的口气重复过,而姑娘的印象也不 断得到强化。<br />
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抽象的敌我概念,在姑娘心中导致了具体的结论,对庄严的政治运动是可悲的 嘲讽。<br />
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眼前的画家又是ー个例子。画家以反对苏联巡回展览画派,被宣布为走上离 经叛道的歧路,在政治上宣判了死刑。姑娘实在想不通,为什么要把艺术问题化为 政治问题?为什么要让ー个中国的热血青年,充当被宰割的羔羊,去向外国的神坛 献祭?这不是近乎荒唐吗?荒唐的事情居然能够成立。也许,这就更加证明画家 不是温顺的羔羊,而是可畏的牛犊,招致了别人的妒忌,这就更加证明了画家的勇 气、胆识,不屈的个性和宝贵的オ华……什么是オ华?在心地纯洁的姑娘看来,它 是生命的灵光,青春的花环,蒙昧的超脱,知识的升华,它使金钱财富黯然失色,使 毁誉得失成为过眼烟云,像明亮的地平线,划开了天空和大地的清浊。愚笨的姑娘 喜欢用珠宝来妆饰自己,高洁的姑娘充满了精神上的渴求。她愿意摘下ー颗蓝色 的星,镶嵌在爱情的心坎上……兰英打破了沉默,深沉地对画家说:“不要再对我提 起你过去的那些事。我不认为你犯过错误……”<br />
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画家说:“可是,别人都这样认为呀。即使给我摘了帽子,也是有限的宽恕,一 切还同过去ー样。跟我这样的人往来,你不能不考虑后果。”<br />
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“我不在乎那些后果。不管别人怎么看,我相信自己的直觉。”<br />
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“你的直觉是什么?”<br />
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“我的直觉,你是有オ华的!”<br />
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这是对一名“社会公敌”的最高褒奖,语气中包含明显的好感,应使画家得到 足够的安慰。但是,画家站在那里,表情冷漠。他的目光因饱经忧患而被磨去了激 动的光辉:“世上有オ华的人很多,有光荣的胜利者,也有悲惨的失败者。为什么偏 看中我呢?将来你会后悔的……”<br />
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难怪画家做出冷淡的反应。在把オ华糟蹋得像ー块抹布的年月里,这句话,他 不是头一次听说。谁都可以拿来赠送给他,虚伪的恭维掩盖着刻意的嘲讽。“女子 无オ便是德”,如今也适用于男人了。即使把他踩在脚下,无情地鞭挞,遍体鳞伤, 也可以拍拍他的肩膀,让他爬起来,让他去干活。在当时,オ华再也不是令知识分 子产生飘然之感的鲜花,而是触动悲伤之情的苦药。<br />
兰英和画家的目光相遇了。画家的目光是锐利的、坦率的,深藏着自尊的火 焰,还流露出某种期待,一直射向姑娘的心底。兰英抵抗不住这穿透一切的逼视, 心在颤抖……<br />
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兰英猛地想起,这是她与画家的第二次相会呀。在这静谧的山林中,远离城市 的幽谷。今天不是“三八”妇女节吗?按说,他可以献上温存和殷勤,不费カ气地 获得姑娘的欢心。可是,他偏偏带来了沮丧,迫不及待地破坏姑娘的平静。他披肝 沥胆,剖露隐痛,投下不祥的阴云,明知可能造成不可挽回的后果,又执意去做,究 竟为了什么?他是多么正直而坦荡呵!这样的人为什么被说成是可怕的魔鬼?泯 灭的灵魂?生活太不公正了!诚实换来灾难,狡诈获得荣升,人世间有多少是非被 搞得阴阳颠倒！ ー时间,兰英觉得横在面前的沟壑、山谷、河流都被填平了。透过 迷蒙的暮霭,她看到ー颗赤诚的心,像玛瑙ー样晶莹闪烁。<br />
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兰英激动地说:“我的主意打定了。”<br />
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画家问:“你喜欢我?”<br />
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“喜欢。”<br />
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“我有什么值得你喜欢?”<br />
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“因为你诚实,爱情需要诚实。”<br />
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画家全身震撼了一下,扑上前去,把头埋进姑娘的怀抱。这个坚强的男子汉, 转眼间变成蜷瑟的孩子,泪水在眼窝里滚动。<br />
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ー弯新月冉冉升起。古塔肃穆,竹林低语。皎洁的银辉洒在姑娘的身上,像一 尊浑身银白的女神。<br />
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画家像是拥抱着再也不肯失去的珍品。多少年呵,他诚实地生活,诚实地做 人,痴情地对待艺术。但是,从来没有人对他做出这样的评价。今天,姑娘对他进 行了良心的鉴定,把光明填满落寞的心胸。他知足了,欣慰了,感到多年来蒙受的 苦难得到最大的报偿……<br />
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双桥<br />
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当代艺术家都在热衷于追求各自的艺术风格,而那些身遭不幸的艺术家,独具 的风格是别人所不能代替的。有谁愿意重复像他们那样的经历呢一充当囚犯, 颠沛流离,饱尝辛酸……<br />
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翻开列宾的画册,看看《伏尔加纤夫》。<br />
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我们的面前展现了和《伏尔加纤夫》相似的画面,活生生的画面。赤日炎炎, 空气在燃烧。金黄色的打麦场上,有一个小伙子在用伏尔加纤夫的姿势拉石礙,弓 着腰,低着头,肩上套着绳绊,双手几乎垂到地面,赤裸的脊背汗水涔涔,油光发亮, 在阳光下ー闪ー闪。<br />
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这里是北京的双桥农场,最早兴建的国营农场之一,以机械化生产而著称。但 是,来自中央美术学院的艺术家,干的活儿如同畜力。在二十多人当中,袁运生是 最年轻的ー个,自愿承担最繁重的劳动。他在打麦场上拉石礙,ー拉就是一天。<br />
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二十几个人住在ー间大屋子里,门窗凋敝,苍蝇、蚊子自由地飞进飞出。屋里 两排大连铺,桌子用木板搭成。院长、教授、助教、学生,在这里享受着平等的待遇。 几年前,在他们头顶上发生的那次爆炸,在每个人的身上引起不同的反应。有的缄 默不语,有的没完没了地忏悔,有的泰然自若,有的战战兢兢,就像爆炸力学发展成 为ー门独特的工艺,可以造成破坏也可以进行建设,使他们的精神型号明显地趋向 两极。<br />
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袁运生从打麦场回到屋里,头ー个动作是扑向放在床头的画板,ー头畜力转眼 间变成两眼炯炯发光的艺术家,就像魔术师大变活人的奇迹。他夹着画板,到处寻 找捕猎的对象,在视觉形象的疆土上,他是万物的主宰。<br />
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他在顽强地创新,是自愿,也是被迫。他集劳动改造与艺术创作于一身,不能 像油画家那样从容地描摹物象,需要适应新的环境。把中国绘画以线造型的成就 运用到西洋油画中去,以前还是朦胧的追求,如今化为明亮的火焰,强烈地吸引着 他。试问,有谁在生活中看见过“线”的存在呢?而他却看见了。他观察光线照射 的层次,分析物象的光面,力求把握面与面相交的那一瞬,那激变的、过渡的、奇妙 的分野,在视网膜上出现了清晰的线条,通过大脑的加工,强调的夸张与恰当的变 形,指挥着手和笔,在画稿上勾出坚定的或柔和的线条,像国画那样简约,像西画那 样精确,犹如一位京剧艺术家在空空如也的舞台上,用细腻的手眼身段,向人们展 示了情景交融的空间ーー略而不虚,虚中有实,不同凡响的绘画语言。<br />
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他想开了。既然他的画再也不会有人问津,更不会拿出去展览,那就可以放纵 他的画笔,任其自由地画下去。在农场的日子里,他用钢笔、毛笔、铅笔画了两千多 张素描,远远超出美术院校在校学生的作业数量。繁重的劳动,雄厚的功底,向着 既定的目标。堆在床头的一大摞画稿就是他信念的积累,精神的海洋。<br />
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住在同一间大屋的人们,其中有一位严峻的长者,时常注视着年轻画家的举 止,他就是原来的院党委书记江丰。江丰的目光是惊讶的,以前他并不了解自己的 学生,现在被袁运生勤奋上进的热忱所感动。<br />
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“我真不明白,为什么要把你这样的学生打成’右派’?”江丰对袁运生说,“画 吧,只要你认为是对的,就按照自己的意志画下去「’<br />
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这是袁运生从以前的院党委书记的口中听到的直接教诲,不是在堂皇的学府 里,而是在艰苦的逆境中。这教诲,使他永远难忘。<br />
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一天,同屋人举行生活检讨会。有的人照例做了一番忏悔,而江丰慷慨陈词, 批评宣传工作中的浮夸风,批评经济政策与经济基础脱节,批评“左”倾机会主义 的危害,俨然像头脑冷静的政治家,丝毫没有罪人的自我意识。他还是他,保持着 人的尊严,行使着脑与口的权利。袁运生听着,心中充满了敬佩。<br />
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散会后,江丰伏在案头看书。袁运生悄悄地捧起画板,朝他看去。眼前的模特 儿是清痺的、憔悴的,ー副沉思的样子。然而,在画家的脑海里却映出ー个美的灵 魂,像钻石一样坚硬透明。画家用酣畅的画笔,为他勾出一幅传神的肖像。<br />
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“哦,我比以前瘦多了。”江丰接过这幅素描,感慨地说,“把这幅画留给我吧, 你我的友谊是值得纪念的……”<br />
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这幅素描配了一副画框,多年来一直挂在江丰家里。<br />
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ー个被撤职的党委书记,ー个被迫停学的年轻人,他们的个性都没有在重压下 扭曲。个性一旦战胜了磨难就如铜铸铁浇,承认不承认它都一样……<br />
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雨纷纷<br />
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画家和兰英在苏州分手,返回长春,时有书信往来。一年后,兰英面临毕业 分配。<br />
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东北对兰英来说很陌生。在她的想象中,那是冰雪覆盖的遥远边陲,是冷得冻 掉鼻子、耳朵和下巴的可怕的地方。同学当中没人愿意分到东北,他们习惯于江南 鱼米之乡的富庶条件和温润气候,只要一提东北就毛骨悚然,好像被流放的厄运降 临头上。<br />
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兰英置一切于不顾了。在姑娘的心目里,哪里有他,哪里就是春天,哪里就有 篝火!只要依偎在他身旁,挨饿受冻也心甘情愿。<br />
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当兰英向组织上提出自己的分配志愿时,对方听了一惊:“呀,你已经有了男朋 友啦!认识多久了?他做什么工作?”<br />
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姑娘一五ー十地说了。她想,反正早晚也瞒不住。<br />
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兰英的故事在全校传开了。口头文学家们不乏想象カ,把故事编得像田园牧 歌ー样美妙 <br />
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“喂,你听说了吗?兰英要求分到长春去。”<br />
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“那么远!为什么要到那儿去?”<br />
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“她认识了一个男朋友,长春市数一数二的美男子〇”<br />
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“那个人干什么的?”<br />
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“长春电影制片厂的演员,演过好多片子。”<br />
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“找个演员当然开心啰!全国到处跑,凡是有制片厂的地方都是大城市,兰英 将来爱往哪儿调,就往哪儿调!”<br />
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但是,在学校的ー间小屋子里,兰英的头上承受着千斤重压,投向她的是盛怒 的、失望的目光:“你在政治上太幼稚了,他是什么人?’右派分子’,反党反社会主 义。你是什么人?革命烈士的后代,共青团员,党组织的培养对象。你对得起死去 的父母?对得起党吗?”<br />
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兰英争辩说:“他已经摘掉帽子了<br />
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“摘帽不摘帽都一样,谁家若是有这样ー个家属,想抖落都抖落不掉,你偏想拣 个黑锅背ー辈子,多傻呀!”<br />
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“我乐意……”<br />
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“不要再说下去!你已经当了他的俘虏,站在悬崖上了。必须和他一刀两断, 从此不再来往。他给你写信,交到组织上来处理!”兰英坐在小屋的一角,脸色苍 白,四肢麻木,像是ー个叛逆者在接受审判。她有什么可说的呢? 一个心地纯洁的 姑娘第一次向别人倾诉爱情的隐秘,理应接受幸福的祝贺。然而,她得到的是粗暴 的训斥和强制的干涉,争也没用。她拖着沉重的脚步回到宿舍。<br />
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更难承受的是无声的重压。同学们用鄙夷的目光看着她,窃窃私语地议论她, 好像她做了什么亏心事。ー颗曾被捧在掌上的明珠,忽然变成了被嘲讽的对象,使 她尝到世态的炎凉,命运的沉浮,激起强烈的反抗心理。<br />
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她提笔写了一封信,寄给杭州的一位阿姨一爸爸生前的战友。<br />
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阿姨很快拍来电报,要她速去杭州面谈。<br />
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兰英赶到杭州,天下着毛毛雨。阿姨把她接到住处,殷勤招待,笑脸相陪,想方 设法叫她开心。可是,兰英满面愁容,像天空ー样阴郁。<br />
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“愁出病来可怎么好?”阿姨心疼地说;我陪你出去散散步吧。”<br />
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她俩撑着雨伞,来到柳浪闻莺。<br />
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西湖在兰英面前展现了一片银灰色。天是银的,水是银的。大气中飘着似雨 非雨的银粉末,拂面未觉,沾衣欲湿。<br />
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兰英的眉心舒展了:“这里的风景真美!”<br />
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“这趟没白来吧。还有一件高兴的事呢,”阿姨笑着说,“我要给你介绍ー个男<br />
朋友,他是党员,在部队做保密工作,年龄般配,仪表堂堂。只要你肯见一面,保证 会喜欢他……”<br />
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兰英顿时提起警觉:“难道让我来就为了这个?”<br />
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阿姨说:“我是为了你好呀。感情这个东西是培养起来的,没有感情可以培养 感情嘛……”<br />
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姑娘只觉胸中硬被塞进ー团乱麻,优美的西湖风光也变得面目可憎,脚下的曲 径好像布满陷阱。ー种被愚弄的感觉向全身袭来,她气愤地说:“我谁也不想见。 给你!”<br />
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兰英把雨伞塞到阿姨的手中,冒着冷雨转身跑了。身后,湖水拍岸,发出有节 奏的韵律,像是在声声叹息……<br />
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回到住处,兰英收拾东西,准备返回苏州。阿姨凑了过来,心平气和地说:“兰 英,我知道你的脾气,一旦决定了的事,别人怎么劝都没用……”<br />
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“知道这个就好,我就很感谢你。”姑娘淡淡地说。<br />
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“我只有一个请求,”阿姨说,“你既然来到杭州,多住一天也无妨,晚上我们好 好谈谈吧……”<br />
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晚上,兰英和阿姨面对面地坐在灯下。<br />
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“兰英,我相信你的眼光,你看中的人是不会错的。”阿姨心平气和地说,“我们 党对知识分子实行团结和改造的政策,像他那样的人还是要发挥作用嘛。”<br />
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姑娘点了点头:“我也是这样想的……”<br />
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“不过,让我来交交底吧。”阿姨说,“目前我们还没有一支属于自己的知识分 子队伍,不靠他们靠谁呢?既要使用他们,就要给他们ー些好处。打个比喻吧,好 比哄孩子的糖豆,那一点甜头很快就会融化的。将来我们自己的队伍成长起来,那 些人再好,也不能使用。你多想ー想吧……”<br />
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姑娘听了一番鞭辟入里的分析,如坠五里云雾。她头ー次听说,在政策的背后 还有政策,生活中的无穷奥妙够她慢慢消化的。<br />
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这天晚上,兰英失眠了。在这夜阑人静时分,她思念着远方的画家,渐渐有所 醒悟:在他俩之间横亘着比冰雪、风暴、山川更为严峻的障碍。ー个势单力孤的女 子,无力推开社会的、传统的、心理的重压,感到前途无限渺茫。后悔当初爱上他 吗?姑娘找不出谴责自己的理由。他们的爱情青山做证,明月可鉴,没有一丝灰 尘。她只能后悔自己出身优越,倍受宠幸,致使爱情也戴上镣铐。为了他,姑娘情 愿再投生一次呵……她在昏沉中入睡了,做了一个甜蜜的梦,梦见自己化为ー个农 家少女,和画家在白山黑水之间相会,整个世界像铺银盖玉一般纯洁……当她醒来 时,发觉这不过是痴妄的梦幻,命中都已注定,一切不可逆转,姑娘绝望了。热泪像 断了线的珠子似的,从脸颊上扑簌簌滚落下来……<br />
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第二天,阿姨把一本杂志摆在兰英的面前:“这是我从图书馆里找来的,你看ー 看就会明白的。”<br />
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这是当年出版的一本《美术》杂志。兰英用颤抖的手翻开书页,找到ー篇文 章。那篇文章批判袁运生所画的一幅油画,附有这幅油画的照片。那是画的什么 呀?被缩成可怜巴巴的ー小块,看也看不清楚。姑娘总算找到这幅油画的 题目 <br />
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水乡记忆<br />
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“好啦,好啦,再炸该焦啦!”<br />
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“轻一点儿,别叫人家听见。”<br />
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“我先尝尝一哈,又香又脆!”<br />
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“放开肚皮吧,反正不花钱……”<br />
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袁运生躺在床上,听到隔壁传来嬉笑声,油锅滚沸的“丝丝”声,贪婪的咀嚼 声,伴随着炸油饼的香味扑面而来,搅得他夜不成寐。<br />
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这是生产队的仓库,位于苏州附近的一个小镇。不久前,袁运生由双桥农场回 到中央美院,回到董希文教授的工作室继续受业。老师建议他选择ー处乡土气息 浓厚的地区深入生活,为毕业创作搜集素材。他来到江南某镇,被安排在生产队仓 库隔壁的ー间小屋住宿。当时正是国民经济困难时期,被誉为“上有天堂,下有苏 杭”的水乡,也面临着饥僅的威胁。一度流行的狂热的宣传ロ号消失了,生理本能 在人们的身上发挥了作用,这种作用最先在小镇的干部身上显示出来。为了填满 几个人的肚皮去坑害集体,压缩别人的肚皮。深夜演出的就是ー出率先占有填充 材料的喜剧。<br />
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袁运生在床上翻了个身,惹得几只老鼠从枕边爬出来,在他的身上跳来跳去。<br />
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“有动静!”隔壁的人说,“那个画画的叫不叫他来?”<br />
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“别理他!”<br />
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这就是真实的生活素材！画吧,既然“艺术从属于政治”,这样的生活干预ー 下也无可厚非。画家躺在床上,心中流动着忧国忧民的感慨。<br />
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然而,夜间的梦寐并没给画家留下深刻的记忆。他对艺术的职能有自己的理 解。他是为了追求生活中美的因素而来的,生活的灰尘蒙不住艺术家金子一般的 心。白天所到之处,使他的追求得到满足。几个星期以后,他满载而归……<br />
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回到北京后的一天,吃过晚饭,他靠在床上沉思,ー股不可遏制的创作冲动驱 使他拿起画笔,信手在稿纸上勾勒,笔尖像行云流水似的畅快,只用去ー个晚上的 时间,就把毕业创作的草图画出来。<br />
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他带着画稿去见董希文老师。老师看了看说:“我看很有特点。工作量不小 呀,抓紧干吧!”<br />
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他把行李卷、画布和油彩,ー股脑儿搬进学校的大仓库。这间仓库是存放大型 文物的,有高大的石骆驼、出土的石骏马和汉代大将军霍去病墓前的石虎。地上积 着厚厚的灰尘,墙上布满蜘蛛网,像一座阴森的古堡。他把行李卷往地上ー摊,不 分白天黑夜地干起来。那些石虎石马注视着一个年轻画家像发狂一般地工作。两 个月过去了,袁运生请人帮他抬出一幅巨大油画。<br />
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这幅油画题名为《水乡记忆》。<br />
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《水乡记忆》一时成为美术界谈论的话题。董希文、叶浅予、黄永玉等前辈画 家交口称赞,评定毕业成绩时主张判为“特优”。还有一些人摇头、皱眉,连及格的 分数都不肯给。<br />
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水乡留给年轻画家的记忆是什么?<br />
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画面当中是一座苏州常见的小桥,明代留下的传统建筑式样,结构精美,饰有 玲珑剔透的浮雕。桥的两侧展现了房屋、街道和春节期间集市贸易的活泼景象。<br />
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看,那是搭台唱戏的,那是卖桃花坞年画的,还有卖粮食和蔬菜的,好热闹呀。ー 个秀丽的农村姑娘在脚边摊开ー张报纸,摆好一束束鲜花,期待着人们来光顾。ー个 淳朴的小女孩刚オ卖掉ー只小羊,也许因为那个可爱的小动物是经她手喂大的,眼看 被别人牵走了,流露出怅惘的神情……强烈的民族格调,淳厚的风土人情,画家的笔 下描出了上百个栩栩如生的人物,环绕那座石桥倾诉着ー桩桩美好的故事ーー人们 在这里交换着一年辛勤劳动的所得,在丰富多彩的民间娱乐中得到了欢慰。<br />
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桥下是ー泓清水,波光荡漾。乌篷船、小木船和运载年货的驳船排列拥挤,相 擦而过。撑船的人互相谦让着,规避着,为邻船闪出航道。一个青年后生悠然躺在 船头,阳光洒满脸上,凝思中怀着对未来的憧憬……<br />
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这小桥,这河流,不正是我们民族风貌的再现吗!我们的民族含辛茹苦,当时 更处在极为困难的时刻;但是,我们坚忍不拔的民族精神并没有被灾难所摧毁,坚 强自信,崇尚礼遇,乐观洋溢,保持着伟大的尊严。以缓慢的节奏,沉着的步伐,举 世无双的韧性一走向明天!<br />
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谁能猜到这幅作品的最初构思萌发于水乡的那间小屋,那间阴暗的、老鼠跳梁 的、与罪恶相邻的小屋。人民的勤劳、画家的纯真,和一壁之隔的贪婪自私、巧取豪 夺,形成多么鲜明的对比!画家拂去生活的荫翳,怀着美好的心愿,用绘画艺术的 语言宣泄了对祖国和人民的深沉的爱。这正是画家心灵品格的自我剖析呵!<br />
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当《水乡记忆》悬挂在中央美院的礼堂公开展出时,观众的反映是热烈的。有 人留言,有人拍照,有人临摹。单就它在艺术风格上的创新,就使人们为之惊叹。 作者抛开西洋油画情节设计的“三一律”和传统的透视法则,采用了国画散点透视 的高妙手段,使画面上相互独立的故事浑然一体。在刻画人物时,作者娴熟地使用 西洋油画的工具,大胆地运用以线造型,还吸收了古代陶甬艺术的夸张手法,描绘 出神态各异的群像。兼有油画的富丽辉煌,国画的工笔重彩,年画的敦厚朴实和壁 画的装饰趣味。<br />
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把古今中外的绘画艺术熔为ー炉,是作者梦寐以求的渴望,他该如愿以偿 了吧！<br />
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但是,《水乡记忆》的命运忽然逆转,被人从展览大厅的墙上摘下来,扔进存放 废品的垃圾堆。后来,一个热爱乒乓球运动的小伙子发现了它的价值,拖到球台的 后边,当作挡球的栏板。再后来,一位美术史系的同学看了怪心疼的,悄悄用剪刀 把它裁下来,折成几折,压在宿舍的床铺底下。不料,学校惊慌报案,请来公安部门 的同志进校侦察,像是搜索一件有伤风化的禁品。最后,那位热心的收藏家只好把 它交出来,校园里的大喇叭立即广播,宣称这是“狠抓阶级斗争的又一个胜利”。<br />
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离奇吗?并不离奇。气候在变化,三年困难时期过去了,农村的集市贸易被取 缔了,饥肠辘辘的日子被遗忘了。今日的政治向昨日的艺术提出新的要求,画家该 被打板子了。《水乡记忆》的作者面对着ー堆永远也无法回答的问题:你为什么不 画拖拉机?为什么不画丰收的麦场?为什么不画……在所有的指责中从来没人指 责他为什么不画深夜隔壁那一幕,尽管那类现象是人所共知的事实。文艺批评的 路口只亮着ー盏绿灯:左转弯。忠于艺术的艺术家向前直行,被斥责为太“右”。<br />
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中央美院前党委书记江丰曾经感慨地说:“如果这幅画尚未毁损,拿出展览,我 可以预言,观众会替它平反,恢复名誉。即使从这件尝试性的作品上,也可以看出 作者的艺术才能。”<br />
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只可惜,这幅画连残骸都找不到了。它所留下的唯一纪念,就是被缩成一张可 怜巴巴的小照片,配上一篇振振有词的批判文章,刊在《美术》杂志的一角。画家 应该感到荣幸,这是他的作品头一回被制成锌版,加以印刷,流传于世一其中也 包括摆在兰英面前的那本。<br />
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月台边<br />
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兰英在杭州度过的第二天上午,是她最痛苦的时分。<br />
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阿姨俨然以监护人的身份站在她的身旁,伸手指着那本杂志,像是找到了有力 的证明。阿姨说,像袁运生那样的人,是不会改正错误的,别人也不会宽容他。跟 他结合将贻误终身,永远没有出头的日子,还会累及子女。<br />
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那本杂志并没能吓退姑娘的爱情,却使她感到问题的严重性。看来,阻拦姑娘 与画家结合的,不光是阿姨、学校,还有整个社会。除了姑娘之外,似乎其他所有的 人都在发出诅咒,往画家身上泼污水。姑娘还有走向他身边的勇气吗?说到未来 的子女,那些无辜的小生命,也将跟随大人在泥泞中度过一生,兰英的心软了。<br />
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这是ー场难以抵挡的精神围剿。兰英伏在桌上失声痛哭……<br />
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阿姨见到自己的良苦用心发生了效カ,递过ー支笔、ー张纸:“给他写一封信, 把话说清楚,心里就痛快了。他如果真的爱你,就不会再给你找麻烦……”<br />
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兰英接过纸笔。<br />
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她写得很坚决,声明和画家断绝往来,没做任何解释。她把责任揽了过来,表 示愿为自己当初的感情冲动付出终身的代价,永远不再结婚。她在信中祝福画家 能够得到另ー个人,也像自己一样爱他……当她写完最后ー个字,信纸上满是斑斑 泪痕。<br />
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阿姨接过来看了看,叹了一口气:“瞧,眼泪把字迹都沾湿了,让他看了,怀疑你 不是真心跟他吹……”<br />
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“本来就是被迫的「’兰英没好气地说。<br />
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阿姨总算拿到了字据,如释重负,亲手把信封好,贴上邮票,送往邮局。<br />
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兰英从杭州返回苏州,度日如年,反复设想画家的反应。画家一定会暴跳如雷 吧?兰英实在不愿给画家那颗遭受重创的心增添新的伤痕,信中没写刺激性的语 言,但是,画家也会明白事态变化的原因。那封信已构成对他的轻蔑与侮辱,他将 把信撕得粉碎,ー赌气再不回信吧?还是听从命运的安排,从此消沉下去?或者, 姑娘的担忧都是多余的,男人就是男人,拿得起放得下,随即把姑娘从记忆中抹掉, 忘得一干二净 <br />
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兰英最不情愿发生的,是后一种情况。<br />
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画家回信了,措辞生硬,同意告吹,没有一丝央求的口吻,只有一项最后的条 件,要求兰英来长春一趟,当面把原因说明白。<br />
像是从空山幽谷听到了回声,兰英攥着这封信跑进学校的办公室。<br />
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姑娘把信往桌上一摊:“请允许我去长春一趟。”<br />
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对方看完画家的信,抬头问道:“这是最后的见面?”<br />
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“是。”姑娘说,“我们都很坚决。”<br />
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学校说不出拒绝姑娘的道理,慨然放行。姑娘动身的那天,学校给长春打了一个 长途电话,要求画家所在的单位给予配合,注意兰英和画家的行动,促使双方断交。<br />
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火车飞驰,窗外掠过广袤的田野。姑娘心急似箭,以前在梦中都向往的东北风 光,这次在旅途中几乎没有留下什么印象。她只记得火车到达长春的那一瞬,在人 头攒动的月台上,她ー眼就看到了脸色苍白的画家。<br />
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兰英走下车厢,画家迎上前来。他的手里依然拿着速写本,故作镇静的样子。 但是,他那疲惫、晦暗和压抑着巨大痛苦的面部神情,逃不过姑娘敏锐的眼睛。姑 娘希望看到的正是这个,心中升起一阵喜悦。<br />
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画家在月台边收住脚步,和姑娘保持几步距离。<br />
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“请你现在就做出回答,”画家的声音像野兽在低吼,“你为什么要变卦?为什 么要屈从别人的意志?”<br />
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姑娘把旅行袋往前ー递:“你当我到长春来是跟你谈判的吗?”画家一愣,没听 懂是什么意思。<br />
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“傻瓜!如果要吹,还用得着千里迢迢跑ー趟吗?”姑娘嫣然一笑,“今后的日 子还长呢,对你也需要考验一下!”<br />
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明亮的阳光回到画家的脸上。他竟然忘记去接姑娘的提包,激动得不知如何 是好。姑娘向后躲闪了一下,真怕眼前这个失去理智的家伙不顾本国的风俗习惯, 在众目睽睽之下扑过来……长春谈判达成一致见解一那些无尽无休的劝说、挑 唆、约束,真叫人腻味死了,得采取果断的行动来摆脱。<br />
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兰英毕业的这年暑假,和画家结婚了。婚礼在长春举行,没有亲人主持,没有 同学祝贺。他们收到的唯一礼品,是袁运甫送给弟妹的一件上衣;他们添置的共同 财产,是一条印花双人床单。在ー间临时借用的小屋里,他们履行了庄严的人生仪 式。兰英的蜜月是在替过去的单身汉拆洗被褥中度过的。随着兰英报到日期的迫 近,短暂的蜜月结束了。<br />
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人间的王母娘娘到底也没肯让步,故意在他俩之间布下一条银河。<br />
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兰英的工作单位是从地图上挑选的。毕业分配时,学校给她的条件却也宽 容一除了东北三省之外,其他任何ー个城市都行。实心眼儿的姑娘把手指放在 地图上,沿铁路线寻找距东北最近的地点。她的指头划过北京,越过天津,落在山 海关以南的一个小圆圈:唐山。在她看来,这是人间银河的理想渡口。<br />
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她来到唐山不久,就赶上了“史无前例”的那场风暴,游行,造反,两派用大刀 和长矛厮杀,整个城市陷入原始部落式的纷争。兰英举目无亲,乱世飘零。每年一 度的探亲给她精神上少许安慰。后来,她怀孕了。过度的操劳加上恶劣的生活条 件,使兰英落下腰椎劳损的病根,背上像负着ー块沉重的铁板,躺在床上翻不过身 来。屋里没人生火了,单薄的门窗抵不住寒风的侵袭。腰病使她变得浑身僵直,生 活无法自理。直到这时,她オ感到多么需要丈夫陪伴在她的身边……<br />
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画家奔走求告,终于在长春的一家医院为妻子找到ー份工作,又赶到唐山,好 不容易通过了重重关卡,拿到调动工作和迁移户ロ的证件。至此,他们已经两地分 居六年了。<br />
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兰英坐在火车上,长春的月台又一次向眼前移来,她禁不住百感丛生。六年 了,她出于自愿,失去了很多东西ーー优越的处境,政治上的前途,还有美好的青 春。她那俊俏的眼角爬上了愁纹,容颜憔悴,清秀的脸颊变得蜡黄蜡黄。她付出了 巨大的代价,只为了换取普通人的平凡的生活,外加一个“摘帽右派家属”的罪名。 耿耿银河横在面前,天上人间有着同样森严的礼教。<br />
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陋室铭<br />
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破木桌上摊开ー张纸片,ー只小手握住画笔向纸片上涂抹水彩。笔下出现了 圆的、方的、不规则的色块,分别代表不同的静物:圆的是洗衣盆,方的是旧木头箱 子,不规则的是搭在晾衣绳上的尿布……<br />
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这是画家的儿子在写生。他在长春出生,不管父母的生活道路多么坎坷,他还 是按照自然规律长大,长到那只小手能够抓住画笔的年龄。<br />
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小屋只有!4平方米。家中又多了一个小妹妹,四口人拥挤在狭小的空间里, ー排大连铺占去三分之ニ的面积。窗前的那张破木桌,平时是爸爸的工作台,夜间 是儿子的床位。其余的空间供做饭、洗衣服,此外再没有插脚的地方。<br />
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眼前的情景,画家的儿子画了不止一次了,这是他接触生活的第一个题材。这 个新中国的可爱的第三代,用幼小心灵中最美丽的颜色反复描摹,积累的画稿有好 几十张了。每当邻居们来做客,他就捧出自己的作品在客人面前炫耀。可是,他所 听到的评语却大失所望:“唉,兰英,你们的宝贝儿子怎么画的净是贫民窟呀!”<br />
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兰英苦笑了一下,有什么可说的呢?儿子画的,是家中的全部所有。<br />
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兰英调到长春以后,承担起繁重的家务,日子过得很艰难。以前,她吃惯了食 堂现成的饭菜,从来没下过厨房;这时她苦恼地发现,要想把玉米面的丝糕蒸得不 发酸,比在医院里完成一次外科手术还困难。在很长一段时间里,全家人吃的丝 糕、窝头、馒头都酸得难忍,硬邦邦的,像石头ー样。孩子们照样狼吞虎咽,好像那 些东西天生就是这般滋味。<br />
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家庭经济是拮据的。两个大学毕业生的总收入,抵不住家庭人口的增加和物 价的上涨。儿子还算幸运,小时候吃过几天蛋糕。轮到女儿就不行了,父母再也买 不起蛋糕,只好去买一角钱ー个的面包,给孩子们打牙祭。再后来,父母捧回家的, 是廉价处理的黑面包了。即使这样,孩子们也高兴得一天合不上嘴。<br />
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他们省吃俭用,还是入不敷出。每到月底,兰英和画家就面对面地掏口袋。<br />
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“运生,这个月供应的肉还没买呢。”兰英说。<br />
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“干脆买了吧。”画家说,“今天是星期天,该改善一次了。”<br />
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妻子早已一文不名。画家把衣服ロ袋翻得底朝天,凑够买一斤肉的钱。<br />
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儿子已经备好小小的冰爬犁等在那里,接过钱,欢蹦乱跳地跑了。<br />
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过了一会儿,门口传来儿子的欢呼声:“快来呀,肉买回来啦!”<br />
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画家和妻子跑出去迎接,不由得一愣:“肉呢?”<br />
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儿子回头看看,冰爬犁是空的。哎!刚オ他光顾上高兴,跑得太快了,把一斤 肉颠得没影了……<br />
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“采购员”从来没有失职过,这次变得垂头丧气。画家和兰英只好安慰儿子, 捧着他那窘困的小脸哈哈大笑。<br />
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儿子也笑了。ー场精神上的欢笑代替了假日的会餐。<br />
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在长春,所谓的“精神贵族”们都在各谋出路。有的人去给饭馆、旅店装潢门 面,画几幅画,换回几瓶酒和整箱的鱼。有的人忙于家庭副业,用手工方式生产现 代化的家具。还有的人担任家庭美术教师,如果所教的学生家里有来头,那他的处 境就会很快得到改善。而袁运生却一点“外快”也没捞,一点门路也不找。他忙得 很,白天去上班,老老实实地完成交给他的任务,尽量让别人挑不出毛病;晚上回到 家里,纵情挥毫,钻研心爱的艺术,家务事很少顾得上了。<br />
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在全家最困难的时刻,兰英曾用试探的口气对运生说:“你能不能也像别人似 的想点办法?”<br />
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“想什么办法?”画家惊异地问。<br />
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“我没有更高的要求。”妻子说,“我是说,在可能的条件下,让家里的生活凑合 过得去……”<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头:“办法是有的。可是,那样做会葬送我的艺术!”<br />
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妻子懂得“艺术”二字在丈夫心头的分量。话题ー搁,永远不再提起。<br />
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兰英累病了,腰椎劳损的痛苦折磨着她,她有时不得不卧床。每当这时,他们 家的天就坍下来了,陷入一片混乱。全家人饥ー顿饱ー顿;孩子的衣服脏了,没的 换洗;床单上溅着画家的油彩,好像抽象派的画布……兰英身为医务工作者,对环 境卫生有着起码的要求,实在不能容忍了 ,躺在床上吩咐画家:“今天你把床单和衣 服洗一洗吧。”<br />
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“好。”丈夫顺从地搁下画笔,捋胳臂挽袖子,仿佛要大干ー场。<br />
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他把床单和衣服泡了满满ー盆。洗着洗着,按在搓衣板上的双手放慢了节奏, 目光停留在对面的墙壁上。那里,悬挂着一幅新作,油色未干。他ー忽儿侧着头, 面露得意之色;ー忽儿皱起眉,像是发现了不满意之处。<br />
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他霍地站起来,把沾满肥皂沫的手在胸前揩了揩,抄起一支画笔,纵身跳上板 凳,在画面上改动起来。<br />
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兰英躺在床上,嘴角掠过ー丝苦笑。<br />
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画家跳下板凳,回到洗衣盆边。过了一会儿,他又忍不住抬头向墙上张望……<br />
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一天过去了,花费七个多小时,总算洗完一盆衣服,还没顾上做饭,全家人饿着肚 子。兰英又好气又好笑,诙谐地问道:“喂,你从板凳上跳上跳下的,ー共跳了多 少次?，，<br />
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画家茫然地晃了晃脑袋。<br />
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兰英说:“你不记得了。我替你数着哪一整二十次!唉,真是拿你没办法。<br />
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干家务活比谁都懒,拿起画笔比谁都勤快……”<br />
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天黑了,窗外大雪纷飞,像撕棉扯絮一般。兰英睁眼看着天花板,迟迟不能入 睡;儿子ー沾枕头,就进入酣甜的梦乡。小屋的另一角,在昏黄的灯光下,画家一手 抱着女儿不住地摇晃,另ー只手举着画笔作画。他的嘴里哼着即兴谱成的催眠曲, 歌声在小屋里轻轻回荡……<br />
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漫长的冬天,多少个夜晚,他们一家人就是这样度过的。<br />
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兰英的耳边响着丈夫的哼唱,默默地陷入沉思。当初她钟情于他,是倾慕他为 人的正直和对艺术的忠诚。如今,她体验到了作为ー个正直的画家的妻子的全部 甘苦。安于贫困,甘于寂寞,没有正常的家庭生活,看不到隧洞尽头的光阴,只问耕 耘,不问收获……除了妻子之外,有谁真正了解他呢?不但得不到社会的理解,还 被打入了另册,棍棒时刻在他头顶上挥舞。每当想到这些,贫贱夫妻百事不谐的苦 楚随之烟消云散,妻子的心化作一汪春水,充满了女性的柔情。<br />
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她想,如果两个人分担家务,结果只是一事无成。明天即使腰再疼,也要咬牙<br />
爬起来,挑起家务的重担……<br />
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车轮下<br />
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袁运生夜里睡得很晚,第二天早上揉揉眼,窗外已是大天亮。“糟糕!”他慌乱 地穿上衣服,“又要迟到了……”<br />
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兰英早已起床,强忍着腰疼,在为ー家人做早饭。<br />
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画家惊异地问道:“谁让你爬起来的?你的病还没好呀!”<br />
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兰英说:“没什么,反正我还在休病假,你走了我还能躺ー躺。”画家匆匆吃过 早饭,推起自行车,冲出门外。<br />
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在长春,这是滴水成冰、呵气成霜的季节。降过ー场大雪,北风ー刮,马路上结 着厚厚的冰凌。路边的树木缀满银花,建筑物像琼楼玉宇似的闪着耀眼的银辉。<br />
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画家的心情很焦急。清晨,对于别人来说是一天工作的开始,对于他却是彻夜 劳顿的继续。每当黑夜与白昼相交替的时分,就是他疲于奔命的时刻。<br />
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人生该有多少磨难啊！社会的,自然的,意外的……<br />
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穿过一条街道,前面就是繁华的路口,车如潮水。他小心翼翼地向前行驶,忽 听ー阵隆隆的马达声。ー辆鲁莽的卡车横穿路口,不肯放慢速度,如入无人之境。 速度快,地面滑,加上毫无准备,画家已躲闪不及。砰然一声,猛烈撞击,画家连人 带车飞出老远,跌落在地。这时,正巧从对面开来另一辆卡车,画家像被传球似的 传到那辆卡车的轮子底下……<br />
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街头的行人看见这一幕惨剧,发出一片尖叫,全都愣在那里。<br />
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卡车司机失去了镇静,慌乱中忘记了刹车,右脚踏在油门上,继续向前开去。 卡车的巨轮从自行车上轧过,钢铁构架发出短促的呻吟,自行车座子被揉成一团 儿,卡车又朝画家的身体碾来。<br />
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这是痛苦的一瞬,行将死亡的一瞬。完了,只要汽车祐辘从他的胸ロー轧,就 算完了。他在生活的道路上一再遭受重创,从来不甘心向命运屈服,这次怕难以逃 脱了。丢下心爱的艺术,扔下家中的妻子和娇儿,毫无意义地死去……<br />
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按照歌德的说法,人对自己和别人的痛苦,只能有三种感觉:畏惧、恐怖和同 情一预见大祸将临时的着急,对当前痛苦出其不意的发现和对当时或过去痛苦 的同情。然而,倒在车轮下的画家,脑海里闪过的朦胧意识,那三种感觉一概没有。 即使在这样的时刻,也表现了他那倔强的性格,只有一个强烈的念头一抗争！<br />
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接下去发生的事,在路边那些吓傻了的行人眼里,简直不可思议。只见倒在卡 车下的那个躯体,突然直起腰来,伸出一双臂膀,紧紧抱住卡车前的保险杠。卡车 咆哮着,抖动着,像是要把障碍物摧毁;车轮下的人挣扎、滑行,死也不肯俯首。人 们在长春街头看见了血肉之躯和钢铁怪物顽强搏斗的一幕。<br />
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“千万不能倒下「’画家想,“ー倒就再也爬不起来了……”<br />
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卡车拖着画家在结冰的路面上滑行,5米、10米……直到司机恢复了正常的反<br />
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应,用脚去踏刹车板,克服了汽车的惯性。<br />
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画家遍体鳞伤,浑身的衣服被扯成褴褛的碎条儿。他被送进了医院。<br />
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抱病在家的兰英听到这个消息,头嗡的一声,只觉天旋地转,两腿瘫软,好半天<br />
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ォ清醒过来。<br />
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兰英骑上自行车,也不知从哪儿来的一股劲,不顾ー切地赶到医院。存车的时 候,她又失去了气カ,几乎不敢朝医院的大门看一眼,手在不停地哆嗦,锁车的钥匙 怎么也拔不出来。<br />
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存车处的大娘认出了兰英:“你是小袁的爱人吧!别害怕,他刚オ进医院的时<br />
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候,自己还能走路。"<br />
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兰英这オ觉得心里宽慰了一些。<br />
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兰英把丈夫接回家中养伤。妻子经过这场精神上的刺激,病体更加沉重。夫 妻双双躺在床上。<br />
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孩子没人照管了。兰英掏出几角钱,让孩子出去买吃的。过了一会儿,儿子和<br />
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女儿一人捧回ー包饼干,眼泪汪汪地站在床前。<br />
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儿子说:“爸爸,给你吃吧。”<br />
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女儿说:“爸爸,吃我的吧。”<br />
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兰英把孩子搂进怀里,替他俩揩去挂在小脸上的泪珠。孩子已经懂事了,过早<br />
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地领略了生活中的凄凉和恐惧。兰英只恨拿不出更多的钱来,使丈夫和孩子的心 灵上、肉体上得到少许的补偿 <br />
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画家养伤期间,肇事的汽车司机和所在单位的负责人来到家里,表示道歉和慰<br />
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问。他们留下ー百块钱赔偿经济损失一画家的衣服、自行车和医药费。<br />
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客人走后,画家坐在床头,若有所思。<br />
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兰英看看那一沓钞票,悲哀地叹了一口气。那是丈夫用九死一生换来的,看ー<br />
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眼也令人伤心。<br />
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画家忽然下床了,在小屋里踱来踱去。<br />
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“运生,你疯啦!”妻子嗔怪地说,“你腿上的伤还没好,回到床上去!"<br />
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画家走到妻子的跟前,两眼射出兴奋的光芒:“你瞧,我不是能走路吗!你知<br />
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道,我好久没出去画画了,因为没那个条件。我多么向往陕北的高原、奔腾的黄河, 还有那里的人民ーー我要拿这笔钱到延安写生去「’<br />
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这就是刚从车轮下爬起来的艺术家的心灵呼声!这就是ー个贫病交困的人的 最高奢望!他的要求是那样有限,对ー些人来说简直不算一回事,对他来说却是那 样遥远,拼着性命オ能争取得来。兰英觉得胸口像被猛烈地撞击了一下,心头灼 痛,欲答无言。她望着丈夫那副真诚的面孔,全都理解了。既然这样能给他那不甘 寂寞的心带来欢乐和满足,那就由他去吧。<br />
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数日之后,袁运生拖着尚未痊愈的身体,背着沉重的行囊和画具,在妻子深情 目光的送别下,踏上了风雪弥漫的路途……<br />
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袁运生陕北一行,历尽艰辛。几个月过去了,他的脸上刻着高原阳光和风沙的 印记,行囊里盛着满满当当的画稿,踏上归途。<br />
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袁运生路过北京,曾去看望江丰。当时,北京的空气令人窒息。江丰已年过花 甲,处境更不如以前了,孤独地住在一座杂乱的大院里,ー举ー动都受到街道居委 会的监视。<br />
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袁运生坐在过去的党委书记面前,捎来了陕北老区的今日见闻。那些消息没 有什么值得高兴的一中华人民共和国成立二十多年了,沿着当年红军转战的路 线走ー遭,所到之处,老百姓的生活仍很贫苦。年轻的画家慷慨陈词,抨击时弊,忽 然想到隔墙有耳,不禁替老人的处境担心,便收住话题,悄悄看了江丰一眼。<br />
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江丰神情自若,安详地倾听着,丝毫没有阻拦他说下去的意思。背后的墙壁上 挂着一幅画框,嵌着ー张素描,正是十几年前在双桥农场时袁运生给江丰画的那 张。老人一如既往地保持着固有的尊严,不愧是个硬汉子。袁运生再一次体验到 使人镇静的精神力量。<br />
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袁运生打开画夹,把ー组陕北的人物素描摆在江丰的面前,其中有满脸皱褶的 牧羊人,有用冷峻的目光傲视一切的年轻后生,有低头沉思的农村姑娘……这些人 物真实淳朴、性格鲜明,从他们的脸上找不到在一般绘画中常常出现的无缘无故的 笑,莫名其妙的笑,矫揉造作的笑。他画出了陕北人民特有的气质。<br />
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“这些画现在拿出去,是不会有人给你发表的。”江丰说,“也许,你丢掉了真 诚,就会取得赞美。不过,我认为你的路子是对的。搞艺术的不能去搞迎合!”<br />
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袁运生又取出一幅山水长卷,宽68厘米,长400多厘米。这幅画描绘了巍峨 的佳集古塔、冲破冰凌的黄河流水和苍莽的高原风光。这是他伫立在凛冽的寒风 中,花去整整两天的时间,用冻得坚硬的手ー丝不苟地画出来的,笔触缜密、严谨, 气势雄伟。<br />
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画面的一角注着几行小字:“写于!974年12月底黄河水破冰后奔流不息作白 描两日归来尽兴。”<br />
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江丰看了爱不释手。画面上熟悉的陕北风光唤起延安老战士的激越感情。他 说:“呵,黄河! ー泻千里,奔腾澎湃,掀起万丈狂澜。我仿佛又听见了它的声 音……"<br />
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春水冲破坚冰,地心喷出烈火,这一天终于到来了 !<br />
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担担画<br />
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“四人帮”从政治生活当中消失了,美术界出现了生机。<br />
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美术界ー些正直之士,对多年遭受埋没的袁运生深为同情,盼望他能重露头 角,施展オ华。中央工艺美术学院院长张仃特地写信推荐他去作画。如今已担任 河北美协副主席的费正,也为他奔走斡旋。可是,这些努力都碰了软钉子,被用各 种借口挡了回来。很明显,袁运生的名字依然是ー个不祥之物,受到冷淡和歧视。 这个磨砺精深的艺术家,就连画一本连环画册的机会都没有。<br />
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乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。<br />
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在长春的陋室里,袁运生手里拿着画笔,面对镜子在给自己画像。画稿上出现 了一个满面愁容的头像,刀刻一般的皱褶,杂草丛生似的胡须,ー头不驯服的长发 如垂下万根烦恼丝。他的头发很长了,平时顾不上理,索性很少去理。这副仪容, 从艺术的个性出发,和画家艰难的心境、倔强的气质相吻合……他已年近四十岁 了,自从《水乡记忆》横遭批判以后,十多年来不曾按照自己的意愿搞过一幅创作, 这对这个创作欲望非常旺盛的画家来说,该是多么痛苦的事,怎不令他愁发千丈!<br />
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他烦躁地扔下画笔,捧起一本小说来消磨时间。<br />
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兰英每次回到家里,总是关切地问:“运生,有信儿了吗?”<br />
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丈夫摇了摇头,妻子也叹了一口气。<br />
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兰英已是中年妇女了。她又生下了老三,挑起五口之家的担子。在家庭的议 事日程上,兰英最关心的仍是丈夫的艺术。艺术能给丈夫带来欢乐,丈夫的欢乐就 是她的欢乐。她也怀着同样焦急的心情在等待着。<br />
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1978年5月,几个朋友的热心努力终于奏效,袁运生获得一次外出写生的机 会,目的地是风光绮丽的云南西双版纳傣族自治州。<br />
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他接到云南人民出版社拍来的电报,欣喜若狂,马上把这件天大的好事告诉了 妻子,全家人像过节ー样快乐<br />
儿子好奇地问道:“爸爸,西双版纳是什么样子呀?”<br />
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“美极了!”他笑着说,“等我画回来给你看。”<br />
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女儿扯着他的衣角:“爸爸,西双版纳有什么好东西呀?”<br />
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“有好多水果。”他抚摸着女儿的头,“等我买回来给你吃。”<br />
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他忙着收拾行装,整理画具,搞得天翻地覆,巴不得立刻就上路。<br />
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兰英看看摊开满地的东西,惊奇地问:“为什么要带这么多东西?”<br />
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丈夫说:“机会难得,孤注ー掷了 !”<br />
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是呵,这个多年来备受冷落的画家,想想那一年他从车轮下爬起来奔赴陕北的举 动,就能理解他此刻的心情。他渴望深入生活,把这看得比生命更加重要。如今,一 个出版单位向他发出正式邀请,使ー颗艺术赤子的心像烈火干柴ー样熊熊燃烧了。<br />
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晚上,兰英找来几块旧布,在灯下替丈夫缝制背囊,ー针针,ー线线,直缝到天 色薄明。<br />
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“这次要去多久?”兰英问道。<br />
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“三个月吧。”画家说,“你ー个人带三个孩子,能行吗?”<br />
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妻子笑了笑:“你能想到我的难处,我就知足了……”<br />
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这年五月,袁运生来到澜沧江畔,西双版纳的首府一景洪。他被西双版纳惊 人的美丽强烈地震撼了。抬眼,到处都是浓郁的绿色,到处的风光都堪入画。森林 绿得像翡翠,山谷像铺着绿色的天鹅绒,河水像流动的凝脂,湿润的空气也给人水 晶似的感觉。难怪傣族人民把西双版纳比作灿烂的宝石,这里的山山水水都闪烁 着珠光宝气。<br />
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有谁比画家更能感受生活中的美呢?他目不暇接了,像是来到了希冀中的天 堂。大自然的造物主仿佛对这块土地特别钟爱,把世界上无比浪漫的色彩遍地倾 洒,使他畅饱眼福,满心狂喜！<br />
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他住进景洪招待所,稍事休整,准备深入西双版纳腹地。招待所的服务人员很 有礼貌地接待了远道而来的画家,把他领进ー间中等客房。<br />
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画家开ロ就问:“这个房子住一天多少钱?”<br />
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服务员说:“两块五。”<br />
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“还有更便宜的吗?”<br />
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“有一天七角钱的。”<br />
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“好！我就住一天七角钱的。”<br />
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他已习惯于精打细算了。离开长春的时候,他从所在单位借支了有限的款项, 旅途中花去了一大半,下ー步的经济来源还是个未知数……画家深入生活,各有各<br />
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的气派,他在生活上甘居末流。<br />
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幸好费正又一次支援了他,从河北邮来300元。这是从费正的复员费中拿出 的四分之三。这雪中送炭的慷慨资助,使袁运生增添了前进的勇气。<br />
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云南人民出版社委派了一位年轻的编辑,陪同袁运生下去写生。当这个傣族 的小伙子来到招待所会面的时候,画家搬出了从长春运来的全部行装。<br />
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好家伙!大木箱里装着18块三合板,几大捆稿纸,还有一个像麻袋那么大的 背囊,里面塞满颜料、画具和生活用品……加起来足有!40多斤重。小伙子看了直 抓后脑勺,不能想象画家怎样把它们搬下火车,又怎样运进西双版纳的密林中去?<br />
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袁运生取出一条扁担,朝小伙子微笑着。<br />
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瞧他那副神气,像是要把西双版纳的大自然风光一并收入他的行囊。几天后, 他就挑着这条被压弯了的扁担,闯入那葱郁的亚热带丛林……<br />
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奏鸣曲<br />
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瞧,那就是大榕树!冠盖如云,像一位庄严慈祥的老祖母。<br />
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呵,那就是槟榔树,又直又高,当地的青年男女用它来象征忠贞不渝的爱情。<br />
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那是檀扇树,枝叶像头发丝ー样细密,看上去多潇洒,好似披发长吟的诗人。<br />
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就连这里的竹林也不同一般,又繁茂,又青翠,簇拥地生长着,好像孔雀开屏。<br />
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西双版纳的植物最美了!充足的阳光和湿润的气候,赋予植物群体以特别丰 富、浓郁、繁漪的形象,这里的世界无与伦比,看上去满目琳琅。画家不得不压抑住 兴奋,凝聚自己的感情,用更缓慢的办法更精确地保留自己的感受。他站在ー棵树 前,一画就是一整天。<br />
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“喂,那是什么树呀?”画家问同行的编辑。<br />
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“它叫贝叶树。”小伙子热情地介绍说,“傣族人用它的叶子代替纸张,很多古 老的民间传说都记载在贝叶经里。”<br />
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袁运生铺开画纸,画出贝叶树特有的冠盖,井然有序,像披着一身连环铠甲。 每ー笔都毫不含糊,把绿色生命的活力有层次地表现在纸上。热带的骄阳在画家 的头顶上喷射着火焰,酷热难当,他的脑门上渗出涔涔汗珠。草丛里飞出成群的小 虫子,赶也赶不走,两条腿被咬得又红又肿,他无可奈何地摇了摇头,索性不去理 昧 <br />
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中午时分,小伙子捧来两个糯米粽杷,塞到画家的手里:“跟你出来オ深有感 受,画画真是个苦差事。”<br />
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画家笑着说:“美和苦总是连在ー起的<br />
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他俩一直在傣家人的竹楼里投宿。画家从日常生活的角度,了解了这个热情 而善良的民族的风俗习惯。<br />
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每天吃过晚饭,画家走出竹楼,来到林间空地。这是西双版纳最迷人的时刻。 晚霞染红了村寨,染红了树梢,染红了澜沧江水。一群傣族少女姗姗走来,肩上扛 着小纺车,手里提着小灯笼,紧身拖曳的筒裙在随风摇摆。她们的身材是那样苗 条,步履是那样轻盈,仪态万方,好像一群美丽的仙子从天而降。<br />
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“太美了!”画家向同伴抒发着感慨,“瞧,那几个女孩子束的腰带,金灿灿的,银 铮铮的,简直像是精致的工艺品。不过,我决不去画她们的腰带,腰带会把形体隔开, 破坏了形体的完整。我更喜欢她们自然的装束,看,那几个女孩的装束就很自然。她 们的上衣很短,筒裙很长,在上衣和裙子之间裸露ー截腰肢,这是高度的审美观点,使 她们显得身材修长,亭亭玉立……再看她们的发式,挽成髻,往后ー盘,自然地溜向ー 边,多么富有唐风!这个民族真了不起,她们最懂得细节的美……”<br />
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少女们分散到林间空地的各个角落。不知从哪里钻出来三五成群的小伙子, 围着姑娘们又说又笑。透过黄昏的薄暮,燃起一盏橘黄色的灯笼,传来ー阵阵悠扬 的纺车声。傣女从小就知道不靠父母而是靠勤劳的双手为自己准备嫁妆,她们在 纺织幸福的爱情。<br />
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诗情画意的南疆情调,敲叩着艺术家灵感的窗扉。每当这样的时刻,袁运生就 在苦苦思索ー个问题:什么是西双版纳美的主宰?<br />
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美在你那五光十色的外貌和一身珠环翠绕的宝饰吗?描绘你的容颜,画不出 你所特有的神韵;拜倒在你的石榴裙下,只能充当自然主义的奴仆。<br />
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面对同一物象,出现在画家视网膜上的印象是相同的;然而,画家心中的自我 感受却不尽相同。ー百个画家可以有一百种不同的答案,ー百种不同的表现方法。<br />
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艺术贵在有“我”。他在寻找“我”的西双版纳。<br />
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从夏末到中秋,他在ー串珍珠似的地名留下足迹,然后来到勧定的一个偏僻的 小村寨。<br />
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这里显然很少有外界的客人光临,画家的访问在小寨子里引起了轰动。晚上 开会的时候,全寨人都向他投来热烈的、好奇的目光,笑语喧哗,好像他的到来是本 寨的荣耀。<br />
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同行的编辑告诉他,这个寨子叫“鬼寨”。共和国成立前,傣族人无カ同病魔 斗争,如果有人生病了,就说是“鬼”附到了他的身上。指出同一寨子里的某人是 “鬼”的化身,几位“德高望重”的长者ー商量,当即就要把某人赶走。久而久之,那<br />
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些被驱逐的人们组成了一个村寨,聚集起了受歧视的一群人。<br />
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“鬼寨”里的人们的遭遇,引起画家深切的同情。画家向他们投去友好的ー 瞥,发现这里的人们美貌出众。如果说,傣族是一个美丽的民族,这里则是美的精 粹。花朵一般的少女,风韵犹存的妇人,体格健壮的小伙子,全都乐于接受画家的 请求,给自己画一张素描。到后来,干脆找上门来,落落大方地站在面前,希望引起 画家的关注,忙得画家手不停挥。他们天性爱美,以美为骄傲。<br />
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小寨子的生活平和、恬静。画家居住多日,没有听说一家吵过嘴。男女之间的 经济绝对独立,劳动收入、生活用品和干活的工具都分得清清楚楚。家庭出现裂 痕,一般由女方提出迁走,临行前全家人文静地坐在ー起进餐,然后由男方挑着担 子为女方送行,相敬如宾。老少之间是和睦的,晚辈人尊重长者,殷勤侍奉;长者爱 护晚辈,却从不硬性约束……多么单纯的关系呵!不为世俗之气所污染,像ー泓溪 水那样清澈。<br />
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一天劳动归来,青年男女在碧绿如茵的草地上跳起了伊拉赫舞。欢快的鼓点,清 脆的小芒锣,汇成了鲜明的节奏。姑娘们排成一队,踏着婀娜的舞步,舒展着柔软的 手臂。她们的神情矜持、自尊,朦胧中带有一种庄严的向往。她们在向往什么?<br />
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这是泼水节中常见的舞蹈。陪伴画家的那位傣族的编辑,给画家讲了记载在 古老的贝叶经里的传说一从前有一个丑恶的魔王,要把各个寨子的俊美的姑娘 据为己有。他先后掠劫了六个姑娘,还要强占第七个,遭到了傣族人民的憎恶。姑 娘们生出ー计,把他灌得酩酊大醉,问他:“你最怕什么?”魔王说,他什么都不怕, 只有用他的头发才能把他勒死,可是他的头ー沾土地还能再生……姑娘们趁他酒 醉未醒,就把他的头勒了下来,为了不让他的头接触地面,由姑娘们轮流抱在手里。 一年一度的泼水节,就是庆祝人民战胜残暴,并且冲洗魔王留下来的污脏垢迹,使 自由与幸福的春天永远常驻傣族人民心里……<br />
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晚上,画家回到竹楼里,月光皎洁,树影婆娑,像流动的水银倾泻在门前。在这 万籁俱寂的夜间,他久久不能入睡。<br />
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广为流传的神话传说,往往是ー个民族心灵的窗口。关于泼水节起源的故事, 深化了画家对这个爱美的民族的认识。自从踏上西双版纳的土地以后,他所看到 的山川、林莽、人物、风貌,像数不清的色彩斑斓的光点,旋转着,闪动着,在他的脑 海里汇集,逐渐熔化为ー团明亮的焰火,从思维的天幕上冉冉升起。呵!西双版纳 美的主宰,不正是傣族人民崇尚美好未来与伟大爱情的精神力量吗?他们的心地 多么干净呀,永葆其民族的纯真的本性。于是,变化多姿、充满活力的植物的群体, 和天然质朴、独具美感的傣族妇女,构成了画家的西双版纳的总的形象:“我”的西 双版纳。这是ー个线条的世界,柔和而富有弹性的线条,奔放、流畅的线条,挺拔、 秀丽的线条,也有缠绵、缓慢,游丝一般的线条一单纯与丰富高度和谐地统ー!<br />
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他挥舞着线条,画了几百张白描写生。如果把重彩比作交响乐,白描就是线的 独奏曲。袁运生经过多年磨炼形成的艺术风格,在线的独奏中显示了奇异的魅力。 那是他怀着诚挚的感情献给傣族人民的ー组热情的奏鸣曲。<br />
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昆明为袁运生举办了一次画展。他的画稿交付云南人民出版社选编。编者刘 绍荟为他撰写的前言,开头就引用了傣族民间叙事长诗《葫芦信》的几行诗句:<br />
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公主啊!<br />
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你是ー颗灿烂的宝石,<br />
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但愿我是一个银匠,<br />
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把宝石镶在我的心上 <br />
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他盛赞袁运生,正是把西双版纳这颗“宝石”镶在了自己的心上。<br />
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二十多年来,这是袁运生头一次听到对自己艺术的肯定。<br />
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袁运生在云南期间,不断收到妻子的平安家书。<br />
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兰英在信中说的使画家每读一封家书,就像饮了一杯甘泉水,清凉可口,舒心 开怀。妻子在信的结尾总有这样几句:“家里的事尽管放心。好好画你的画吧,画 不完就不必着急回来……”<br />
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画家宽慰地笑了。他在西双版纳繁忙的日子里,最担心的事莫过于“后院失 火”,妻子的信解除了他的后顾之忧。<br />
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其实,这是多事的一年。长春刮起一阵地震风,整个城市闹得人心惶惶。人们 忙着搭抗震棚,搬东西,向庇护所转移。<br />
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画家在长春的ー个朋友,想到了画家的妻子和孩子,赶到家里来看望。他不禁 愕然了。<br />
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这间陋室依然如故,家具和什物都没来得及整理,孩子们在低头玩耍。只见兰 英弯着腰,淌着汗,从屋里拖出ー个沉重的木箱,箱里盛满画家的画稿,向附近的抗 震棚挪动着……<br />
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显然,这是画家的妻子心目中最珍贵的东西。她最了解画家的艰辛,从艺术的 艰辛中懂得艺术的价值。<br />
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朋友的心由于激动而战栗了。这件事,兰英仍然没有告诉丈夫。如果不是那<br />
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位朋友后来追述了亲眼见到的一幕,他将永远不知道<br />
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壁画之梦<br />
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不知什么时候,透过结满冰花的玻璃窗,射进一束朦胧的青光,像仙女伸出白 皙的手臂,撩开了轻柔如梦的披纱。屋里若明若暗,电灯的光晕是昏黄的,周围的 空气是混浊的,光晕在缭绕的烟气中像翅膀ー样扑朔不定。他使劲地晃了晃脑袋, 揉了揉眼睛,桌上的画稿化作一团白雾,升腾,扩散,一切都是模模糊糊的。他搞不 清楚此刻究竟是醒着,还是依稀在梦境里……<br />
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昨夜他睡得太迟了,烟抽得太多了。或者说,他根本就没睡觉,只是在纷乱的 画稿和积满烟蒂的烟灰缸旁边趴了一会儿。ー抬头,天就亮了。清晨的第一线阳 光,抚摸着北京郊区的楼群。他推开窗子,让寒冷的晨风驱赶身上彻夜的疲劳,从 梦境回到了现实的世界。<br />
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这是!979年1月,在北京白家庄。<br />
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袁运生结束了长达半年的云南之行,归途中经过北京。有一件大喜过望的事, 迫使他在北京逗留下来。当时,新建的首都航空港候机大楼如一座富丽堂皇的水 晶宫殿,在北京东郊拔地而起,它的设备荟萃了世界上的先进技术。宽敞舒适的候 机室和餐厅,自动开合的大门,传送行李的流水线,电子数码显示的计重器,精工舍 特制的石英钟,高效能的室内空气调节装置,还有精确的导航、通讯系统……构成 了首都宏伟的空中门户,现代化程度在国内无与伦比。在当今世界上,现代化的建 筑设计是和精美的艺术装饰融为一体的,古老的壁画艺术勃然复兴,与崭新的工业 技术为基础的建筑事业的发展相适应。首都机场的负责人不愧为新型企业的管理 者,他们邀请以中央工艺美术学院院长张仃为首的五十多位优秀的艺术家和エ艺 美术工人,为候机楼创作大型现代化壁画群。沉默了二十多年的袁运生,幸运地得 到了推荐,也在被邀请之列〇<br />
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随着1979年初思想解放之窗敞开的一道缝隙,多年来,文艺与政治结成的热 度很高的紧密关系,逐渐得到调整,使ー些艺术家的头脑趋于冷静。他们重新考虑 文艺与政治关系这个古老而又难以说清的命题,对文艺从属于政治的主张给予否 定。他们的出发点是善良的、平和的,不愿用艺术之箭去触及敏感的政治问题,以 免遭到艺术之外的责难;同时,又希望摆脱风向变幻的影响,保持艺术射程的相对 稳定,不致像飘忽的羽毛那样升浮或坠落。而袁运生考虑得更加简单ー些,拿他的 话来说:“艺术就是艺术,艺术需要的是真诚。”<br />
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袁运生的大型壁画设计稿《泼水节一生命的赞歌》,就是基于这个简单的逻<br />
辑和客观条件应运而生的。<br />
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候机楼旅客餐厅的一大扇墙壁,连同拐过的一角,全都给他了,好大的ー块地 方!他站在洁白的墙壁跟前,惊愕、欢喜,恨不得把存在肚子里的话,全都向这扇墙 壁倾吐。艺术创作从来都是不遗余力、毫无保留的,呈现出艺术家心灵感受中最美 的那一部分。二十多年了,他积累的艺术语言和生活语言,像一条滔滔的河流在心 中回荡,而西双版纳之行给他留下的难忘印象,则是他的全部生活经历当中美好的 高潮,跳跃的浪峰。当时,他想到的唯一题材就是泼水节。他听到的那个记载在贝 叶经里的神话传说,凝聚着热带民族烈焰一般的感情,自由奔放的想象和明晰纯朴 的哲理。他决定挨弃风俗画和情节画的构思,用多年磨炼而驾轻就熟的线条,表现 人们对自由与幸福未来的向往。他说:“在一幅27米宽、3.4米高的巨大墙壁上, 画一幅赞颂傣家人的精神、情操的壁画,对我来说,真是梦想不到的好事。”<br />
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主张为政治而艺术的艺术家,也可以把这个题材归属于政治。但是,这个构思 毕竟离开了具体的政治背景,容纳了较深较远的时间、空间和隽永的主题。倘若在 以前,这样的艺术构思是会受到政治干预,当被指责为离经叛道的。这次尚且不知 命运如何?<br />
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袁运生的哥哥袁运甫,在白家庄的寓所里为他让出了一间小屋,是寝室,也是 工作室。不过,那张小小的床位很少用得上。他铺开画稿,就进入了梦境,由流动 的线条和绮丽的色彩交织起来的梦境……<br />
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在艺术的梦境里也有说不尽的烦恼。别的不说,且说餐厅墙壁当中的那个大 门,就叫人恼火。本来,壁画艺术语言应和建筑艺术语言达到协调统ー。那座大门 却把墙面分割开来,成为艺术构思的障碍。整整一夜的工夫,都在和那恼人的大门 搏斗,ー支接ー支地吸烟,ー张又一张地勾着草图。哥哥住在他的对面房间里,可 以看到从他的门缝射出彻夜不熄的灯光,飘来呛人的烟味儿。而他的精力、心血和 生命也消耗在淡蓝色的烟雾里。第二天推开屋门,他的脸色是苍白的。<br />
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“这样搞,身体怎么受得了!”袁运甫说。<br />
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“没关系。”他淡淡地一笑,“习惯了……”<br />
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在哥哥的眼里,弟弟和过去相比已判若两人。二十多年前的那个晚上,在同一 个房间里,当袁运生向哥哥诉说自己被划为“右派”的经过时,他那圆润的面孔充 满了天真的神情,仿佛在诉说一件轻松的趣闻。现在,那张面孔经历了生活的风 雨,在崎岖的路上跌跌撞撞,早已变得棱角鲜明,神情峻峭,透露出ー股韧性。为了 重新得到这一次在北京搞创作的机会,他付出了怎样的代价呀!袁运甫理解弟弟 此时的心情。<br />
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整整一个白天,袁运生把自己关在小屋里,做他的壁画之梦。他从自己所熟悉 的苏州郊区拱桥的原理中受到启发,找到了跨过那座大门的方法ーー“拱桥的两头 很厚重,托住高耸而单薄的顶部,在力学上是稳定的,而这彩虹般的曲线又是多么 美丽!以傣族人民的活动构筑一条人流的彩虹,这个想法是很迷人的……”（引自 《美术研究》1980年第1期,袁运生:《壁画之梦》）<br />
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实现这个迷人的想法,真是ー项浩大的工程。他的眼前浮现出泼水节绚丽多 彩的画面:担水、分水、泼水、舞蹈、赛舟、晚浴,还有傣族人竹楼里恬静的家庭生活 和青年男女在黄昏后的丛林中流连的情景……他的笔下出现了上百个人物,每ー 个人都活灵活现,呼之欲出。这同时又是装饰性的、夸张的、性格化的,富于抒情意 味。画稿越铺越长,彩虹一般的人流在延伸。沉浸在创作的狂热中的画家,耳边仿 佛有音乐在伴奏。他抓住画笔,好像抓住了交响乐队的指挥棒,通过流动的线条去 表现旋律与节奏的转换,那庄严的、热烈的、执着向上的主题歌,渐渐升起了……<br />
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又是一天凌晨,住在对面房间里的袁运甫从睡梦中醒来,看见弟弟的门缝里还 有灯光。<br />
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这些天来,袁运甫也很疲劳。他也参加了首都航空港壁画群的创作,绘制《巴 山蜀水》的初稿。如果说,他是凭着经验和素养在艺术的道路上进行探索的话,弟 弟则是在用生命进行冲刺了。半个月过去了,十五个昼夜,对面的房间灯光不熄, 多么惊人的毅カ呵!那对艺术的一片至诚,任是金石也应为之感泣吧……<br />
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对面的房间飘出淡蓝色的烟雾,传来沉重的咳嗽声,一声比一声沙哑。然而,他 还在画,还在不住地吸烟。咳嗽声不绝于耳,在黎明前的沉寂中听了叫人揪心。他在 毁损自己健康的地基上去建设精神的广厦,那画稿上的线条分明是生命的血丝呀!<br />
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天亮后,袁运甫对弟弟说:“你大概忘记后天就是旧历除タ了。我劝你好好休 息几天,回长春去过年吧。”<br />
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袁运生摇了摇头:“时间不够用〇第二稿虽然画出来了,可是还没来得及复制〇”<br />
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“你不在乎自己的身体,也要替兰英考虑。”哥哥说。“你离开长春已经半年多 了,春节再不回去,太不近情理。”<br />
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提到兰英,袁运生不再执拗了。大年除タ,他赶回了长春,兰英问他:“这次能 在家待几天?”<br />
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画家说:“春节ー过,还得讨论画稿。这ー稿还没复制,我把它带回家里来了〇”<br />
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兰英叹了一 口气:“这么说,连春节也休息不好了……”<br />
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画家说:“复制并不难,可是很费时间。”<br />
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兰英想了想:“那,我能帮得上忙吗?”<br />
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画家深情地望着妻子,点了点头。<br />
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这是兰英第一次直接参与丈夫的艺术创作。夜里,他们扭开台灯,架起一块玻 璃板,铺好半透明的拷贝纸,共同复制泼水节的画稿。这幅赞颂傣族人民的作品, 也留下ー个汉族妇女的感情的痕迹……<br />
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从大年初一到初四,他们就是这样度过的,兰英和画家一起熬夜。<br />
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忙碌中的画家竟然没有察觉,兰英那消瘦的脸庞更加枯萎了,被沉重的疾病阴 云笼罩着 <br />
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牛皮纸<br />
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春节刚过,袁运生携带画好的彩色设计稿返回北京。<br />
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绘制壁画之前的筹备工作在紧张地进行。为了获得最好的艺术效果,首都机 场特地从香港引进了一批丙烯颜料。这是近年来流行于欧美和日本的新型绘画材 料,色泽鲜明柔和,具有很强的覆盖カ,很适宜多层次的晕染烘托,并在湿润、干燥、 冷热变化的各种条件下长久地保持画面色泽的稳定。<br />
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参加《泼水节一生命的赞歌》绘制的两位合作者,连维云和费正,也先后赶 来了。他们都是卓有成就的中年艺术家,看了袁运生的设计稿,被那中国绘画的传 统技法和西方现代艺术聚合的魅カ所打动,兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试。<br />
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脚手架搭起来了,墙面贴上牢固的底布,一切筹备就绪,已是初夏时节。6月 的一天,兰英从长春来到了北京。<br />
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兰英这一次专程到北京看病。其实,她的病情早就发现了。在春节前的ー次 妇科检查中,医生摸到了子宫部位的明显的异物。因为丈夫远行和孩子的牵累,她 的病拖了下来。近来迫于病情急剧恶化,不得不到北京找大医院确诊。<br />
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在等候看病期间,兰英和丈夫住在首都机场新建的供国际航班机组人员使用 的宾馆里,房间不大,却很舒适。弹簧床、卫生间、天花板上的暗窗还表明装有冷气 设备。自从结婚以后,兰英还从来没有与丈夫同住过这样高级的住所。但是,夫妻 待在ー起的时间还是那么有限。每天,透过窗帘射进第一线紫色的晨曦,袁运生就 翻身爬起,匆匆地擦把脸,楼道里响起匆促远去的脚步声。忙过一天,回来时已是 深夜,一身汗水,一身颜料,像是刚从脚手架上爬下来的房屋修缮エ。<br />
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好不容易等到确诊的日子。当兰英拿到诊断结果,挪动疲惫的脚步走出医院 时,她感到自己的身心在向下陷落,仿佛沉入无底的深渊里去。病情发展的速度是 出乎意料的,几个月以前的ー小块异物,如今已长成累累的肿块了。兰英自己就是 <br />
外科医生,有着专业知识和临床经验,懂得病情恶化速度所包含的严重性。她想到 癌一恶性肿瘤细胞往往造成畸形的膨胀,而良性肿瘤相对是比较平稳的;倘若不 是癌,那仅仅是某种侥幸。她缓缓地走着,脑子里空荡荡的,飘浮着灰暗的迷雾,意 识的火花忽明忽灭。出于一种直觉,她痛苦地感到,这些年来因过度的忧心和家务 的劳累,体内健康的防线被日复一日的重压所摧毁了。爱人、孩子和未来的一切, 究竟还属不属于她呢?<br />
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她回到了机场。白天在住处是找不到画家的。她踏过长长的柏油路,走进了 候机大楼,站在脚手架旁……<br />
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大厅宽敞,肃穆。崭新的玻璃窗映照出蓝汪汪的天空,充裕的光线尽情奔涌进 来,又漾了开去,在四壁发出柔和的散射。这里,在六月的炎热的气氛中进行着ー 场真正的建设一脚手架的巨大结构向屋顶攀缘上升;地面上,杂乱无章地堆放着 画笔、调色板和颜料桶,显示了艺术工地的繁忙。兰英抬起头来,在脚手架上找到 了丈夫的身影。他猫着腰,手中执着画笔,向墙面上描绘勾勒,乌黑的长发从前额 垂落下来,随着身体在空中不停地摆动,好像握着弓弦的大提琴手沉醉于自己奏出 的迷人的乐章,周围的世界对他来说都已不复存在……<br />
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兰英痴呆地站在那里。此时此地,也许只有她才能深切地理解丈夫的心境。 从长春那间陋室的狭小的天地里,到这间气派轩敞的大厅,ー个艺术赤子的オ华、 智慧、压抑在心头的抱负,挣脱了一切羁绊在喷涌。他恨不得把滚烫的生命注入笔 端,倾泻着,挥洒着,融化在眼前的画面之中。墙壁上纷纭的线条,呈现了西双版纳 茂密的丛林,生机勃勃。随着画笔的移动,如同暗室里彩色显影液中出现的过程, 几个傣族妇女的形象渐渐清晰可辨。她们舒展的腰肢,柔韧的手臂,强烈倾斜的动 作,增加了泼水场面的运动感。兰英的耳边如同听到小芒锣的欢快的节奏和象脚 鼓的激动人心的鼓点。那些妇女面部的神态朦胧带有无限的向往。于是,死气沉 沉的墙壁变得活了起来。那是艺术家的生活热情在流光溢彩,美好憧憬的再现。 艺术家有限的生命在隽永的艺术中得到了升华!<br />
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站在艺术舞台的幕后看艺术,最容易触动对人生的回味。<br />
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兰英的心情宽松了一些,离开医院时像堵着铅块一般沉重的感觉减轻了。艺 术早已闯入了她的命运,把她从局外人变成了局中人。她从艺术创作的呼吸中得 到了精神的补偿。<br />
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这时,画家从脚手架上爬下来,一眼发现了妻子,快步朝她走来:“去医院检查 有结果了吗?”<br />
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兰英说:“忙你的吧,回去再说<br />
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妻子安详的脸色解除了画家的顾虑。他说:“你应该留在房间里好好休息。”<br />
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“不累。”兰英淡淡地一笑,故作轻松地说我能帮你们干点儿什么?”<br />
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Chapter Two<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢,这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画,对ー对 画稿上的人物动作。”<br />
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“好吧。”妻子应允了。<br />
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兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分 子,有一点儿舞蹈的功底,动作自然,修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时 间,画家左右顾盼,一面导演兰英的姿势,一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身 的兰英来说,这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态,苍白的、疲乏 的脸上露出安详的笑容……<br />
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几天以后,兰英登上北去的列车,离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的 一刻,妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为ー个外科 医生,如果给自己开ー张治疗单的话,她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院,手术切 除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键,不管它是良性的还是恶性的,千万不可贻误时 机。但是,她想到了丈夫,还有超越丈夫个人的ー桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手 术,丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她,伺候她,因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的 亲人。那样,画家手里的工作就会停顿,至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术 道路上奋カー搏,不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗,哪怕这个治疗意味着生的 希望,也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念,从她爱上画家的那一天起,就埋藏 在心底很久很久了。<br />
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一声长笛,列车开走了,载着ー颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心,消失在迷茫的雾 霭中 <br />
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袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食,一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声,拐过 墙壁的一角,出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中,ー株热带丛林特有的 鸡蛋树,繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球,围成美丽的屏风,晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐, 把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着,波浪起伏,垂向地 面,宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发,云鬓花颜,脉脉含笑,像 是在为自己的青春而骄傲……<br />
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环绕着少女的形体,有几根飘逸的线条,那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓,画 家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中,来往于这座大厅的观望者,对 墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心,想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。<br />
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洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服,这是生活中的常识。在生活中,傣家妇女 表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里,曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江 里沐浴。她们落落大方,归真返璞,看待裸体如同大自然的造物,并不觉得很神秘。 “我承认,我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说,“这使我增加了对她们的 崇敬。”在绘画史上,裸体语言是具有丰富表现カ的ー种艺术语言,早以古希腊的维 纳斯为代表,发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地,用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的 崇拜和对生命的大声赞美,就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况 他画的是神话传说而不是习俗……<br />
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看来,画家打错了主意?<br />
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在ー些人的眼里,裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”!西方的物质生活愈是富 有,精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反,精神文化的大革命与物质生 产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中,人们的视觉高度净化了,中国妇女甚至不愿 穿裙子,不穿旗袍,不穿紧身衫,把全身裹得严严的,以免显露多变的线条,玷污了 别人的双眼,亵渎了自己的形体。然而,把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果,并 没有淳化社会的风尚,却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是,纳清泉于浊流,把艺术和 犯罪搅成一池浑水。<br />
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盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象 征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。<br />
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这并不显眼的一角却引来ー批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看 热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
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这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不題了。如 要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花 任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想 到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的ー场争论。<br />
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六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受 尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界 上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的ー班轻薄少年、 无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之 照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人 提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军 阀败北。<br />
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历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的ー桩旧案犹未了结<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思 想解放!”<br />
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他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人 帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。<br />
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舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的 绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用 进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时 的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事……<br />
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不是结尾<br />
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10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在 大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动……<br />
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首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获 得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁 画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞 歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次 文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来 到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。<br />
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国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁 说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人ー进入中国就有一个强烈 的印象,这种艺术是ー个国家国力的象征。”<br />
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日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉 朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉 得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……”<br />
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这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的 日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖 的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆 动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰 ー样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔……<br />
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呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化?<br />
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不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着 ー个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作 是坚定正确的表现。他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不 再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强 化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。<br />
<br />
那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧?<br />
<br />
只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。 直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从 她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她 静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无 望,只等待手术的判决……<br />
<br />
ー个人站立起来了,另ー个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南 去的列车上ー见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也 不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、 贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术 经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下ー笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。<br />
<br />
画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼 眶里滚动。<br />
<br />
他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:ー种是诚实的艺术家;另 ー种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。<br />
<br />
他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限 度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少ー些吗?<br />
<br />
他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。<br />
<br />
后记:<br />
<br />
本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又辻了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世 事变迁未可尽述。<br />
<br />
——作者<br />
<br />
（原载《十月》1980年6月）<br />
<br />
==卷一：10.热血男儿==<br />
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热血男儿<br />
<br />
李士非<br />
<br />
满腔的热血已经沸腾。<br />
<br />
《国际歌》<br />
<br />
ー、能见到袁庚吗?<br />
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在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天,蛇口エ业区和它的领导人袁庚,名扬国内外,越 来越引人注目。<br />
<br />
但是,我接受写袁庚的任务,未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他,手头也没有 积累多少关于他的资料,而且听说采访他很困难:他是香港招商局常务副董事长 （人们因此亲切地称他为袁董）,大部分时间在香港,每到蛇口,都忙得不可开交, 实在抽不出时间接受采访。但是,过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观,听过介绍,看 过录像,袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣,接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口 来,这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。“能见到袁庚吗?”“即使见不到袁庚也要写!”所谓 “冒险”,无非是写不出或写不好,个人面子不好看罢了,比起袁庚和他的朋友们从 事改革所冒的风险,简直是微不足道的。<br />
<br />
仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气,到这里待ー些日子也是值得的。<br />
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“如果你只能待很短的时间,我劝你趁早打退堂鼓,不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆 辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意,开弓没有回头箭,退堂鼓是 不好打的。<br />
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二、夜访梁宪<br />
<br />
在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口,袁庚出国去了,说是7月底或8月初 才能回来。最了解他的ー个人,东江纵队时期就和他ー起工作,现任蛇口工业区顾 <br />
问的许智明,到澳大利亚探亲去了,归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同, “时间就是金钱,效率就是生命”,白天工作紧张,找人谈话很难,晚上访问也要事 先约定,因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰 上袁庚的儿子袁中印,《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意,他马 上说:“有什么好写的?这么多人写过了,要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受 了乃父的影响,不大欢迎采访。“慢慢来吧,我一定要找你的。”我心里说。<br />
<br />
多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙,约定了 一天晚上9点钟去访问エ业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人,穿过海 滨花园,沐着海风,经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边,漫步走向梁宪的住 处。早已听说,他!962年毕业于中山大学外语系,是梁宗岱教授的高足,对法国文 学很有研究。果然,ー见之下,我就感到他是ー个充满艺术气质的人。<br />
<br />
他掏出港币,买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客,然后和我们谈笑风生。<br />
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“你们是文人,我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人,她在中央戏剧学 院教书。我对她说:你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的,但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。 中国像你们这样的文人太多,像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一 句英语,“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙,黄虹坚ー时也 没反应过来,陈宜浩翻译说:“他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑 起来。<br />
<br />
梁宪大学毕业的时候,老百姓正在饿肚子,大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法 国文学的尖子,后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作,比袁庚晚半 年多一点。袁庚很器重他,有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。<br />
<br />
“我去香港的时候,老婆说:最怕你没骨气,没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是 有的,外派干部只要有一点热血,就不是追求几大件,而是感到抬不起头来!<br />
<br />
“刚到香港,每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐,ー串串的,海上漂着偷渡者的尸 体,我们不能忍受,啪一声把电视关了。<br />
<br />
“我们国内建设搞不好,连ー些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们, 心里真难受呀。所以,我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过:’我之所以这么干,是 为了实现我入党时的初衷。’”<br />
<br />
一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿,梁宪又概括地说:<br />
<br />
“我熟悉的人当中,有两个热血男儿,ー个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛,ー个就是 袁庚!”<br />
<br />
好一个“热血男儿” !这个词太恰当了,把这两个人相提并论太好了,我不禁<br />
<br />
怦然心动,觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。<br />
<br />
也真巧,比我年长20岁的刘任涛,是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第 一流的眼科专家,共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长,曾为刘伯承元帅安过义 眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》,改行当了电影编剧,“文化大革命”中在珠 影被诬为“历史反革命”,打断五根肋骨,投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动 期间,他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明,不顾自己的政治处境,不顾没 有任何医疗条件,决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他:“万一失败,你就 是阶级报复,就会重进监狱。”他不听,他终于成功了。“作为医生,我拯救了我的 灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀,立下遗嘱:死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢 复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
<br />
刘任涛和袁庚,经历和事业完全不同,但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身 精神,是多么相似呵!我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚,觉得对袁庚也开始熟 悉了。<br />
<br />
三、“冒险家”<br />
<br />
刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障,要冒风险。袁 庚在蛇口进行改革,要冒更大的风险:两年之前,不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影 地攻击经济特区嘛!<br />
<br />
但是,时代毕竟不同了,今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月 9日,胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区,袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆,和总书记有一 段精彩的对话。<br />
<br />
袁庚:关于改革问题,现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看,凡是搞改革 的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法,最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变 法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪,改良主义,结果六君子被 杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革,我想不会落得前人这样 的下场,我们是在党的领导下进行的,不会有问题吧,我们值得冒这个险!<br />
<br />
胡耀邦:过去的改革是下层少数人去改,领导者、统治者是压制的。现在 不同,我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改,现在和过去根本不同嘛!<br />
<br />
袁庚:我们感到,我们的干部是不大怕群众的,只怕顶头上司,怕上司不喜 欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说,我每次来蛇口,ー上码头,前呼后 拥的,下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒,就会忘乎所以,久而久之, 就不怕群众,不怕下级,因为群众、下级撤不了我的职,我只怕交通部,怕顶头 上司,只有他们才能撤我的职。<br />
<br />
所以,群众监督干部,群众有权选举和罢免干部,这至关重要。我们这里 想搞个改革试点,管委会由群众选举产生,每年投一次信任票,如果不信任票 超过半数,管委会就得改选,个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公 开的、直接的,由群众投票选举的领导班子,就会想群众之所想,急群众之所 急,就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手,就有人自动送礼 上门,如果头脑不清醒,不能自律,就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装 懂,诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部,我相信可以改变一下干部的结 构和干部的作风。我们想做这样ー个不太小的改革,准备冒一点风险。<br />
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胡耀邦:（点头）好!很好!<br />
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袁庚:总书记说了好,我们就记录在案,马上打报告这样做。<br />
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胡耀邦:（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿,在哪 ー出戏里我忘记了,讽刺官僚主义者,他不敢骂台上的官,只敢骂戏台上堂前 的鼓。有一段唱词说:“一棵大树腹中空,两头都是皮儿绷,每天上堂敲三下, R卜咚ゆ咚又ゆ咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛!（全场大笑）<br />
<br />
党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印,想到ー块去了,这在蛇口的发 展史上,是应当大书特书的。<br />
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1983年4月24日,选举产生了蛇口エ业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22 日,按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票?组干处处长虞 德海说:“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的,信任票不足半数就 得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决,一定要搞信任投票。” 投票结果,管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数,袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上,全 部投票公开,任人查阅,尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐,如“某某能力低”“某某 不堪信任”之类,也不加掩饰。<br />
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这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。<br />
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四、“那里不肯放,就辞职!”<br />
<br />
选举产生领导班子,定期举行信任投票,这是袁庚深思熟虑的ー项决定。他深<br />
深感到,不改革干部制度,不改变干部结构,任何改革都无从谈起,“四化”也只是 一句空话。<br />
<br />
有的领导干部,居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人:“你们大学建多大的桥?” 问来访的美国客人:“英国人讲英语,你们美国人讲什么语?”还有人向中央领导同 志汇报他到香港考察的收获:“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯!”如此等等,令人 啼笑皆非。这样的干部,怎能担当建设“四化”的重任!<br />
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蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地）,指挥部只有 二十多个干部的时候,袁庚就开始考虑如何培育ー支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命 化的干部队伍。1981年,他排除阻カ,毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班,从全国 各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说,“我是个冒险家,为了蛇口的改革,我从 全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。<br />
<br />
当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员,委托交通部下属的交通科 学院情报所代为主持,在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、 江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。<br />
<br />
王潮梁!938年出生于江苏无锡,1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计 专业。早在1958年,他就参考外国的资料,在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫 原理,并和同学们一道造出了样品,在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对 飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是,在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年 代,几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机エ厂飞机设 计室任产品主管设计员,那时生产要听驻厂军代表的,而军代表只相信苏联专家和 苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料,翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂, 即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂,也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚 子气,却毫无办法。岁月如流,王潮梁搞了 17年飞机设计,却看到我们的飞机エ业 比印度还落后;又研制了四年的飞翔船,却看不到一艘飞翔船下水,那种壮志难酬 的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会,唯一的名额给了业务上 根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培 训班招生的广告时,他兴奋极了,“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方,去!”立刻把广告 剪下来,郑重地贴在本子上。<br />
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他第一个走进考场,第一个走出考场。笔试、面试,成绩优良。主持考试的情 报所林鸿慈同志下了结论:这是个人才,录取！<br />
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但是,在中国有一个很大的矛盾:生产资料是全民所有制,干部却是单位私有 制。ー个单位可以把ー个或ー批人才冷藏ー辈子<br />
<br />
长江航运科研所不肯放人。<br />
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198I年11月,袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他,向他汇 报了招生的情况,特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。<br />
<br />
袁庚很激动。<br />
<br />
“小王是不是党员?”<br />
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“不是。”<br />
<br />
“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量,开个头,那里不肯放,就辞职!我这 里收。最多就是人家去告状,最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先 例。告到国务院,我们就把这个同志的情况报上去,中央领导会支持我们。新华社 社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开’干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人 在单位不充分发挥作用,又不让调,这个局面不打开是不成的!”<br />
<br />
林鸿慈被袁庚打动了,写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁,同时通过各种渠道 去做说服、疏通工作。终于,用不着王潮梁辞职,单位同意放人了。1982年,王潮 梁来到蛇口工业区。<br />
<br />
五、企业管理研究生<br />
<br />
1982年12月的一天晚上,ー个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
<br />
这是一次事先约定的会见。<br />
<br />
年轻人叫余昌民,刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清 华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生,工作了八九年,深感中国企业管理的弊病 太多,1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年, 专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息,《读卖新闻》为 此发了专稿,登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了,干什么好呢?学校建议他到国家 经委属下的中国企业研究协会去,这当然是个专业对口的美差,但是在武汉工作的 爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候,蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。他每星期上街 去买《深圳特区报》,得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝,如饥似渴地加以研 究。不难判断,蛇口エ业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去!决心下定了,系 里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会,经朋友介绍,他就来登门拜访了。<br />
<br />
会面的一瞬间,两个人互相观察了一下。<br />
<br />
“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗?穿件中式棉袄,和一般的老干部没啥差别,不 是想象中的那个改革家的模样,而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真 的值得?”<br />
<br />
真正的一闪念,没容余昌民多想,袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
<br />
谈话开门见山。<br />
<br />
“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里?”<br />
<br />
“在于体制。”<br />
<br />
“对了!”袁庚兴奋起来,侃侃而谈,“上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦,说 他们要一千人,劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用,那七百是搭配的闲人,你再要, 就再搭配,再多余,反正是大锅饭,大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了,还说这是社会主义 的优越性!这样,工厂冗员越来越多,工厂成了小社会,在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的, 形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ,败坏着我们的民族素质!这样的体制不改革,我们 就没有出路!”<br />
<br />
“我的ー篇论文,提出了企业的素质问题。”<br />
<br />
“有何高见?”<br />
<br />
“素质,好比基本作用,像女排,形成了她们的基本作风,就有战斗カ。”<br />
<br />
“就把ー个企业比作球队吧,假如你是教练,别人随便塞人给你,你怎么办?”<br />
<br />
“我不要。”<br />
<br />
“不要不行!”<br />
<br />
“那我不干。”<br />
<br />
“对了,就得这样。”<br />
<br />
一老ー少,越谈越投机,彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处ー闪而过的那点 疑虑也完全打消了。<br />
<br />
“我们这里可要冒点风险。”<br />
<br />
“正因为这样オ要去,建设好了还去干什么?”<br />
<br />
“你个人有什么要求?”<br />
<br />
“只要求家属ー起去。”<br />
<br />
“这个我们来办。”<br />
<br />
两个月后,余昌民父亲去世,回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化,系里要留他。 企业管理系刚刚建立,工作需要,理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚 飞往蛇口,收不回来了。<br />
<br />
1983年3月,袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客,系里派余昌民随行。系 领导的目的,是让校长对余昌民有个印象,说服他留下来,同时出面解决他家属的 户ロ问题。<br />
<br />
谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口,袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有,余昌 民暗示要做刘达的工作。<br />
<br />
余昌民再一次请求:“校长,让我来蛇口吧。”<br />
<br />
“系里要我帮忙留你,我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。<br />
<br />
袁庚一再要求支持:“刘达同志,把小余给我们吧,我们迫切需要企业管理的专 门人才。”<br />
<br />
刘达心动了。这位参加过“ー二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
<br />
回去后,余昌民给系里写了报告,对系里的教育培养表示感谢,说明清华企业 管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设,这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都 至关重要。<br />
<br />
问题迎刃而解。7月,夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。<br />
<br />
当余昌民到エ业区大楼报到的时候,在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉 着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口,边走边说:“你是研究企业管理的,你先熟悉ー 下情况,有把握了再谈工作……”<br />
<br />
袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信,其中有一段话:<br />
<br />
关于小余的事,同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失ー小余,无妨 大局,蛇口得之,如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下,エ业区将受其惠。<br />
<br />
重感情的刘达,把这封信送给了余昌民,让他留作永久的纪念。<br />
<br />
六、星期天的早晨<br />
<br />
星期天早晨8点钟,顾立基刚起床,洗了脸,正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同 学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的,大家都熬了夜,现在让他们多睡一会儿 吧。顾立基轻手轻脚,唯恐弄出一点声音来。<br />
<br />
“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗?”<br />
<br />
门外传来ー个声音。顾立基一看,走廊上站着ー个六十多岁的老人和一个 姑娘。<br />
<br />
“我就是顾立基,您是?”<br />
<br />
“我是袁庚,蛇口的袁庚〇”老人首先伸出手来,“这是我女儿尼亚,她不放心我 的身体,一定要陪我来,其实我的身体还可以。你看,骑了半小时车子,轻松愉快。”<br />
<br />
顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 他深受感动。<br />
<br />
“我们到楼下谈吧,同学们还在睡觉。”<br />
<br />
楼下有一张靠背长椅,三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨,不冷不热,阳光和煦, 轻风拂面,校园一片宁静的气氛。<br />
<br />
“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会?”<br />
<br />
“是的,现在会员有一千多人了,成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。”<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长?”<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊,”顾立基笑了, “我是说过想当厂长,为此还惹过ー些麻 烦呢。”<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦?”<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。”<br />
<br />
“岂有此理!想当个厂长是什么野心!’不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’,这 是拿破仑说的还是谁说的? 一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对!”<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的,但是我感到中国更需要管理人才,所以主动旁听了企业管理 系研究生的全部课程。”<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧,我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班,要培养大量的管理人才。”<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像,我的心就动了,只是还没下定决心。”<br />
<br />
“现在呢?”<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了,去蛇口。”<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗?”<br />
<br />
有什么困难? 1982年的初夏,社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的,有人在 报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界,影射特区有变成租界的危险,造成一股无形的压 力,因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些,可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的 人在ー起,冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去,下属工厂任他挑选,这 些,对他有一定的吸引力。他自从!967年中学毕业,1968年进上海印染机械修配 厂,十年中当过锅炉エ、车エ、錠エ、钳エ、电エ,当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不 惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为,1974年顾立基和他们争吵过ー 次,挨了批斗,却受到工人们的同情,和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要 毕业了 ,朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查,他是材料组的负责 人,如果不来上大学,早就走上领导岗位了,现在回去,工作安排是不成问题的。但 是,陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大,他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的 是,母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房,姐妹们都在外地,母亲 希望他留在身边,爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口,使他动了感情,他滔 滔不绝地发起议论来。<br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办ー个工业区 呢?为了在那块地方搞改革,搞全面的改革,从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度,都 要改,不改就没有出路。过去三十年,极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。 1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候,海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体,都是青年,他们为什 么要跑?因为我们穷!<br />
<br />
“’四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’,越搞跑的人越多。ー些村子的青壮年几乎跑 光了,真叫人欲哭无泪!蛇口对面就是香港的元朗,相隔只有6000米,晴天能看到 它的高楼,它就是在我们’十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了, 必须把经济搞上去,这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公 里,对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛,我们改革成功了,对全国就有很大 的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛,无伤大局。当然,我们一定要尽最大的 努力,争取成功,避免失败。我们这ー代人是老了,当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时 候,时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……”<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动,身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚,望 着自己的父亲,眼睛也有点热了……<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来,当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书,1984年4月被聘为 办公室主任。<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚,因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口,听说顾立基6日 ー早要去香港,5日晚我去登门拜访。<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告,我为 了听这个报告,推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的,谁都可以听,欢迎你去。”ー见面 顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗?”<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难,他在蛇口不会待太久,一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告, 你最好陪他回宿舍ーー他儿子的住处,或者宾馆,这样边走边谈,可以谈十来分 钟……”<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗?<br />
<br />
不管怎样,先听听他的报告再说吧。<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半,袁庚的报告准时开始。<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影,大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。 今天这个会也叫新闻发布会,街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂,基本上坐满 了,放眼望过去,都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。<br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上, 顾立基主持大会。<br />
<br />
ー开始,袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕,只讲个把钟头。”<br />
<br />
人们笑了,其实怕的是他讲得太短。<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问,历时23天,访问了 4个国家、16个公司、18个城市,从新加坡 开始,往西到英国,再到美国、日本,整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处,受到隆重的、 破格的接待,我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们 四个人,而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化,在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到 做蛇口人的光荣。”<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张,出国访问要花自己的钱,花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、 软弱的地位。这次出访,他们带了 20万美金的信用卡,足够用了,所到之处都坚持 这个原则,唯独在新加坡失灵了。那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系,但新加 坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检,从飞机场ー直送到最高级的香格里拉大 酒店,袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前,这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫 人;在他之后,住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨）,每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观 什么项目,全部满足要求。临走结账时,酒店经理说:“在你们到来之前,已经有人 付了全部费用。”<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁,英国老板们在海员罢エ浪潮的 冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们,给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深 刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说:“我们原打算3年之内种植 20万株月季,把蛇口建成玫瑰之城,现在看来太落后了……”<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国,主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡,大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔,华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民,交给他一把金钥匙。女 市长在宴会上说:“我是百分之百的中国人,也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说:“我 很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判,就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过, “在经济问题上,兄弟无情,六亲不认!何况是与外国人谈判「’<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前,有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过 的曲折。<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日,袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件,大家听了很高兴,但我们不要高兴得过早。不 要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了,但官僚主义、 红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事,还是有的。例如我们正在谈判 的浮法玻璃厂,到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃,为什么不准我们用 最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ?最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局 交涉。她们去的时候,人家一口答应,讲你们回去好了,但等我们企业室派人带合 同去盖章的时候,又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干,他们讲:‘你们派了记 者、作家来,我敢不答应吗?弄得不好,你们要写报告文学,写内参,我受得了 吗,？……”<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨,交涉了九个月,オ过了国内这ー关。<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判,当然不可能用这么长的时间,但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想 而知的。<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂,简直是一座玻璃城!它生产各式各样 的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃,用25磅大锤从20米外打去,地皮都震动了,玻璃却安 然无恙。我们和美国合资,投资ー亿美元,引进一座同样的エ厂,买他的专利,以后 我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点,集中在每年所付专利费 占销售总额的百分比上。<br />
<br />
美方要6%,我们还价4% 〇<br />
<br />
美方降到5%,我们加到4.5%。<br />
<br />
寸利必争,形成僵局。<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。<br />
<br />
“先生们,我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针,2000年前发明了火药,全人类 <br />
都在享受这些伟大的成果,可是他们从来没有要过什么专利,我们作为后代从来没 有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋,而是觉得光荣。请问各位,那时候你们的祖先在哪 里?恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前,是不是毛特别多……”<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前,一个个咧嘴笑了。<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕,我的意思不是不付专利费,而是要求公平合理r’<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格,坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们,说不 定会抗议呢!“你骂我们的祖先,是可忍,孰不可忍ド’<br />
<br />
终于达成协议:4.75%,为期!0年。<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进ー个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂,专利 费是5% ,时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处,绝不能走 美国的路!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退,エ业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走,他们还 有点生气,现在停滞不前了。<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方,转移到太平洋 沿岸。<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了,现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈,今天 下午四点半ー踏上蛇口码头,就感到无比的清新,感到ー草一木都非常亲切。<br />
<br />
“10月1日,蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话,那是大家的 功劳！<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的,思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上,我们ー定要 赶上和超过他们!”<br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时,宣布散会了,大家意犹未尽。<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了,我放弃了跟上去的打算。<br />
<br />
ハ、“搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
8月7日,袁庚开了一整天会,据说8日也不会有空,而9日ー早又要回香港 了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上,我给他写了一封信,说明这一次 如果不能和他交谈,我将等待,直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨,我把这封信 交给了エ业区党委副书记乔胜利,请他转交。<br />
<br />
8日上午,我到办公大楼访问王潮梁,两人刚坐下来,办公室副主任黄振超匆<br />
<br />
匆忙忙地叫我:“袁董回来了,快去见他!”<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉,说明另改时间,急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的,中间隔着大块的透明玻璃,老远就看 见了袁庚,他手里正拿着一大摞文件。<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候,黄振超在旁边向他说明:“只是见见面,不会占你很多 时间。”<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说:<br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的?来搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了,而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。我 知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。梁宪说过,前几年在北京开会,有一天袁庚 看了张洁的小说《爱,是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章,问他:“你认识这个作家 吗?咱们把她请到蛇口去!”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所 了解的,“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。<br />
<br />
我也笑着说:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋,要写你和蛇口。”<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下,舒服地往藤椅上一靠,摆出了准备 谈ー阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好,这里问题多得 很,改革每前进ー步都要经过斗争,到处充满着矛盾。”<br />
<br />
我说:“正是这一点吸引了我。”<br />
<br />
“ー个国家没有民主是不行的,而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。 我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国,政治家演说,群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿 扔他,他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的,但这ー套对巩固资产阶级的统 治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底,孙中山是 想搞民主的,他死得太早,没搞成。中华民族是伟大的,但是历史的包袱太重了。”<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿,她在美国学企业管理,谈起来也说:在 美国深有感慨,感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重〇<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族,就没有什么框框,我在报告会上也说了,他们的总督牌香烟广 告有一句口号是’想做就去做’,这句话香港也接受不了,译成’应做就去做’〇当 然,想干什么就干什么是不行的,但我们许多应干的事却干不成。”<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历,他扼要地做了回答,着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命” 中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时,这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来,<br />
<br />
微笑着站在那里不动,我知道是催他去开会,我们的谈话该结束了。<br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志,我们马上又赶到 太子宾馆,和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢,对监狱内外情形 都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说:<br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨,出来就蔦儿了,可是他不,他的劲头反而更大了。”<br />
<br />
我心里说:这オ是袁庚!<br />
<br />
过了几天,乔胜利对陈宜浩说:“袁董看了我的信,答应下次回来再和我谈。” 可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。<br />
<br />
8月25日上午,我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息,急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联 系。但是太迟了,他过了中午又要回香港,而上午的时间已经排满,就在和我通话 的时候,他不得不放下电话去开门。他说:<br />
<br />
“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧,不要紧的,我们没有秘密。”<br />
<br />
我没有准备电话采访,ー时想不齐全,只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字, 他ーー做了回答:“这些也要发表吗?”我说:“不一定发表。”他说:“发表也没关系, 那天我讲话外国人也听了。”<br />
<br />
我说:“将来排出校样,送给你看看好吗?免得事实有出入。”<br />
<br />
“不必了。不要什么都审查,出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的,难免出点差 错。捅点娄子也不要紧。”<br />
<br />
“好了,谢谢您。”<br />
<br />
“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。<br />
<br />
一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观,来到铝材厂门口时,他向学 员们介绍:这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人,23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起 来,大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停エ,ー个工人从高处摔下来受了伤,他的哥哥跑 过去看了看,见弟弟没有生命危险,便又回去干活了。<br />
<br />
袁庚说:“日本不富没有天理!中国改革不富也没有天理!”<br />
<br />
现在我想说:蛇口的改革不成功没有天理!<br />
<br />
九、大鹏魂<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚,魁梧、潇洒,兼有外交家和实业家的风度,具有一种吸引人的魅 カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢?<br />
拨开历史的迷雾,我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。<br />
<br />
他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园,算 是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。<br />
<br />
1935年,他毕业于广州广雅中学,随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测 量员,他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校,陈济棠下台后,这家军校成了国民党中央军 校的分校。在学校里,袁庚是活跃的足球门将,练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕 业,他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官,ー个个腐化不堪,对民族危亡无动于衷,便愤 然回到故乡大鹏镇,担任第一小学校长,同时兼任地方自卫队教官。<br />
<br />
学校是国民党办的,自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的,但是学校和自卫队中都有 中共地下党员。<br />
<br />
戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚,在当地是ー个重要人物,三种政治力量对他都很 重视。<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文,和他住到ー起,亲自考察他。<br />
<br />
革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
<br />
1939年3月27日,袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党,从这ー 天起,他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。<br />
<br />
当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党 的漫画,刺痛了国民党区党部,他的处境变得危险了,党组织于!939年冬天把他转 移到党领导的抗日游击队,从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子, 像大鹏ー样展翅高飞了。<br />
<br />
抗日战争期间,美军作为盟军,在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组,担任东纵联 络处处长的袁庚,和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示,东纵和美 军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报,对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。<br />
<br />
日寇投降时,英军远在缅甸,ー个海军少将只率领ー营人乘航空母舰赶到香 港。他的兵力不足以维持治安,要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央,中 央复电:为了对付国民党的内战阴谋,坚决撤离港九地区;同时要求在香港设立联 络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判,袁庚不辱使命,漂亮地完成了任务,并成为驻 香港办事处的第一任主任,这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能 想到,历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折,二十多年后,这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。<br />
<br />
十、秦城监狱<br />
<br />
1968年4月6日,袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家,到机关去上班。北京的4月 初,春寒料峭,风沙迷眼,加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报,形成一片肃杀气氛,使袁 庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作,刚告一段落,还来不及喘口气, 就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息,他于愤 懑中保持着镇定。<br />
<br />
回到办公室不久,有人通知:“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门,看到 除部长之外,还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长,面孔板得像 ー座木雕。<br />
<br />
“袁庚,你被捕了!”<br />
<br />
下午,机关召开大会,部长在会上宣布:“袁庚是美国特务,已经依法逮捕。”袁 庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和 刘丹ー,互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周 总理安全的情景,记忆犹新,那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间,周旋于华侨社会 之中,眼睛熬红了,人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场,天理何在?!<br />
<br />
与此同时,汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中,勒令交出所有的钥匙,开始抄家。 翻箱倒柜,从下午抄到天黑,然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时,オ发现三个 孩子被关在门外不准进家,左邻右舍也不敢收留,孩子们在抹眼泪……<br />
<br />
从此以后,袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里,也不知是死是 活,到哪里打听都说不知道。!969年,汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校,孩 子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”,但作为“反革命家属”， 她只能干最脏最累的活,如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎,痛得胳膊抬 不起来,医生建议回北京治疗,干校就是不准。直到!972年初夏,她的大孩子中印 就要下乡插队了,她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服,打点行装,オ被批准。<br />
<br />
1972年7月,袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后,有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去 探监。“他还活着,他还活着!”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。<br />
<br />
汪宗谦心酸地发现,袁庚行走困难,说话声音也变了,而且他不知道当时是何 年何月！<br />
<br />
原来监狱里日夜亮着灯,犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替,失去了时间的概念;<br />
睡觉时只准脸朝外,一条腿总是压在下边,时间长了造成萎缩;长期不讲话,声带都 沙哑了。<br />
<br />
我曾经听说,袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西,只有放风时在天井里看到 墙根的小草。问他是不是这样,他说:<br />
<br />
“不,还有蚂蚁,我对蚂蚁很有研究。”<br />
<br />
这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量!<br />
<br />
汪宗谦见过了袁庚,就为救他而奔走了。<br />
<br />
“没见他不知道他死活,既然知道他还活着,我就怕他死了!问题还没搞清,死 了孩子们都得背黑锅呀!他住在楼上,要到楼下的天井放风,上下都很辛苦,我到 中央接待站去上访,请求把他搬到楼下来,这个要求被接受了。”<br />
<br />
袁庚搬到楼下的ー间房,发现席子底下有一团花白的头发,他判断这里关过ー 个五十多岁的女同志。后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事,王光美 说:“没错,正是我住过的那间房。”<br />
<br />
袁庚出狱,已是1973年9月30日,整整关了 5年半。<br />
<br />
在狱中,睡觉时只要一转身,看守就在外边敲门。夜晚,敲门声常常把人惊醒。 袁庚回到家里,刚一入睡就惊醒了,这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年,这种心悸 病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能,却用了更长的时间。每天,汪宗谦搀 着袁庚,ー步,ー步,慢慢地走,越走越远,越走越快,走了一年之久,两条腿オ恢复 了平衡。<br />
<br />
更可悲的是,有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子,出来不会走直路了,一走就 转圈,连马路也不能过。人啊,人！人的尊严到哪里去了！<br />
<br />
经过一年多的休养治疗,1975年,袁庚被分配到交通部,当了外事局副局长。<br />
<br />
ー恢复工作,袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体ー样活跃起来。<br />
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恢复工作之前,袁庚骑自行车上街,总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道,“不能开 慢点吗” !恢复工作之后,自己也坐上了小汽车,有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了, “不能靠边骑吗” !他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化,在心里警告自己道: “可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀!”<br />
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多年来,这成了他的一个信条。<br />
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十ー、香港第一课<br />
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1978年,做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚,以花甲之年改行搞经济,被派<br />
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到香港招商局担任副董事长。<br />
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招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日,招商局 香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱,从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。 历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长,所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。 从李鸿章算起,袁庚是第29任了。<br />
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香港招商局在极'左‘思想影响之下,经营单一,困守一隅,搞了几十年没有什 么发展。袁庚到任,根据中央定下的“以航运为中心,立足港澳,背靠内地,面向海 外,多种经营,工商结合,买卖结合”的方针,以铁腕大力整顿。<br />
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袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说:<br />
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“我到香港的第一课,就是买了一座大楼,非常便宜,只花了 6180万（港币）。 第一次交订金时,支票2000万。那天是星期五,当时讲好下午2点钟,在ー个律师 楼里,大家一手交钱,一手交货。我们开了 2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的 对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里,发动机都没有停。ー上去之后,大 家一手交货,一手交钱,签字。签完字,对方拿着支票,两个人夹住,下去了。剩下 ー个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度,马上存到银行里去了。 因为明天是礼拜六了,人家银行关门,礼拜天也关门,假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前 不到银行去交那个支票的话,他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支 票交给他。我们的财务去了,他回来向我们报告,他说当时那个场面是很动人的。 当然,我们闭着眼睛也能想到,资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重 视,当时浮动利息是!4厘,三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志,那就 无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去,回家。他没有这个观念!这就是香港第一课。 我也不怕自惭形秽,ー窍不通,我接触经济工作,仅仅是5年多前开始的。但ー开 始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多!招商局的子公司多的是,ー检查,发现支 票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了 ,换了一个华东 财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后,我就给他讲这个道理,ー个礼拜之内他就能够接 受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事,立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后,财源 滚滚而来。……这个’时间就是金钱’,不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我,其实 这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’,它说得比我还 厉害,时间重于金钱!”<br />
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招商局走上轨道,袁庚就考虑进ー步的发展了。1979年初,他和有关同志带 着在蛇口开发エ业区的蓝图,到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志 很感兴趣,当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给エ业区,袁庚还没有这个胆量,只要了<br />
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2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候,袁庚心里默默 地说:<br />
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“先念同志,签吧,您这ー笔下去,将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀!”<br />
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十二、淸新<br />
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1984年8月,蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅,迎面是ー架屏 风,正中间挂着一幅草书,苍劲流畅的书法,引人注目,细看那内容,更是气度非凡。 这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本,把它抄了下来。<br />
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登微波楼<br />
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微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
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时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
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宝安袁庚<br />
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我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
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我有同感。<br />
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蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
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六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
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晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
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啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
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十三、心血<br />
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清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
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ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
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1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
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这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
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施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
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午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
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下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
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厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
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的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
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我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
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我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
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龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
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“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
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“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
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“你有什么打算?”<br />
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“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
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“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
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“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
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在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
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十五、激动的工程师<br />
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7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
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蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
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边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
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“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
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的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
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“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
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46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
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他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
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王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
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袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
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管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
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当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
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“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
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“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
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“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
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“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
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“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
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“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
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“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
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“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
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“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
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了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
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父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
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“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
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当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
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“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
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“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
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“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
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“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
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第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
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12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
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1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
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王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
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“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
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“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
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“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
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“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
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“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
<br />
“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
<br />
“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
<br />
王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
<br />
十六、年轻的总经理<br />
<br />
一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
<br />
说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
<br />
“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
<br />
只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
<br />
她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
<br />
“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
<br />
“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
<br />
“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
<br />
“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
<br />
第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
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在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
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如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
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蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
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真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
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（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03&diff=154738Report CN EN 032023-03-13T04:47:10Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* Xie Jiayu */</p>
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<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
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=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
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2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
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4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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=Xie Jiayu=<br />
张广厚在百忙中接待了钱宗仁。钱宗仁说:“世界上有成就的人,他们的黄金 时代在25岁ー30岁,40岁前出成果的占90%,我是快40岁的人了,但我想可以算 到10%里去。”张广厚连声称赞:“好,你这个人看来很有志气,每个人都有权利争 取进入10%的行列,40岁以后出成果的也大有人在。我们与教育部很少打交道, 《光明日报》和《中国青年报》有两个记者我很熟,他们很懂政策,你去找他们试 试看。”<br />
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Zhang Guanghou received Qian Zongren in his busy schedule. Qian Zongren said: "The golden age of the successful people in the world is between the age of 25 and 30, and 90% of them produce results before the age of 40. I am almost 40 years old, but I think I can be counted in the 10%." Zhang Guanghou praised: "Good, you seem to be very ambitious. Everyone has the right to strive to be in the 10 %, and there are many people who produce results after the age of 40. We rarely deal with the Ministry of Education, but there are two reporters from Guangming Daily and China Youth Daily that I know well, who know the policy very well. You can find them to have a try."<br />
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Zhang Guanghou received Qian Zongren in the midst of his busy schedule . Qian Zongren said: “Successful people in the world have their golden age between 25 and 30, and 90% of them make progress before the age of 40. I am almost 40 years old, but I think I can be counted among the 10%. Zhang Guanghou praised repeatedly: “Well, you seem to be very ambitious. Everyone has the right to strive into the top 10%, and many people make progress after the age of 40. We rarely deal with the Ministry of Education . But I am familiar with two reporters from ''Guangming Daily'' and ''China Youth Daily'', who know policies well. You can find them and have a try.”<br />
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钱宗仁带着张广厚写的信找到《光明日报》,记者老林十分热心,当即与教育 部研究生处联系,并递上钱宗仁请求当研究生的报告。教育部研究生处批给陕西 省高教局:“钱宗仁情况确有特殊之处,望陕西省高教局协助西北大学考虑,是否作 为特殊情况处理。”<br />
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Qian Zongren found Guangming Daily with the letter written by Zhang Guanghou, and the reporter, Lin, was very enthusiastic and immediately contacted the graduate student department of the Ministry of Education,and handed over the report of Qian Zongren's request to be a graduate student. The graduate student department of the Ministry of Education submitted it to the Higher Education Bureau of Shaanxi Province: "Qian Zongren's situation is indeed special, hoping that the Higher Education Bureau of Shaanxi Province would assist Northwest University to consider whether to deal with it as a special case."<br />
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Qian Zongren brought a letter written by Zhang Guanghou to Guangming Daily. The journalist Lao Lin was very warm-hearted and immediately contacted the Graduate Division of the Ministry of Education , and submitted Qian Zongren's request to become a graduate student. The Graduate Division of the Ministry of Education has granted approval to the Shaanxi Provincial Bureau of Higher Education : “Qian Zongren's situation is indeed special.It is hoped that the Shaanxi Provincial Bureau of Higher Education will assist Northwestern University in considering whether to handle it as a special case."<br />
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钱宗仁满怀希望,回到西安,再次去见西北大学研究生办公室的那位负责同 志,回答是冰冷而圆滑的:“教育部让我们考虑,没有说一定录取。我校中文系有一 个应届毕业生也是超龄报考,考试成绩过了分数线,本拟录取,却因中文系过分数 线的学生人数多于录取名额,这个超龄生没有被录取。为了一视同仁,我们不能录 取你。你没有上成大学,’文革’中又受种种磨难,对此我们表示同情,但这与我们 无关。自学成オ不一定都要当研究生,在新疆也是大有可为的。”<br />
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Qian Zongren returned to Xi'an with great expectations to see the comrade in charge of the Graduate Affairs Office of Northwest University again, but the answer was cold and slick: "The Ministry of Education told us to consider, not to say that we must accept you. There was a recent graduate of our Chinese Department who was also overage and passed the admission line, and was going to be admitted, but because the number of students who passed the admission line in the Chinese Department was more than the number of places, this overage student was not admitted. In order to treat you equally, we could not accept you. We sympathize with you for your failure to go to university and your sufferings during the 'Cultural Revolution', but it has nothing to do with us. Self-taught talent does not always have to be a graduate student, who is also promising in Xinjiang."<br />
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Hope flamed in Qian Zongren. He met the comrade in charge of the graduate office of Northwestern University, only to get a cold and tactful reply:” 'The Ministry of Education asked us to consider, but it doesn't mean you will be admitted. There was a recent graduate in our Chinese Department who also applied beyond the age limit. With his exam scores passing the line, he was supposed to be admitted, but not. This was because the number of students who passed the admission line in the Chinese Department was more than the number of places. Therefore, this overage student was not admitted. In order to be fair, we cannot accept you. We feel sympathy for your failure to go to university and your sufferings during the “Cultural Revolution” , but it has nothing to do with us. Self-taught talent does not always have to be a graduate student, there are also great opportunities in Xinjiang."<br />
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刘书琴教授又一次震怒了 : “太无道理了,你再去一次北京去找蒋南翔、华罗 庚……”又掏出三十元钱让钱宗仁赴京。钱宗仁虽然已感到希望渺茫,但为了不辜 负刘老的一片心意,第二次来到北京。<br />
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Professor Liu Shuqin was furious again: "It makes no sense. You go to Beijing again to find Jiang Nanxiang, Hua Luogeng…" and took out 30 yuan to let Qian Zongren go to Beijing. Although Qian Zongren already felt hopeless, in order not to abuse Liu’s kindness, he came to Beijing for the second time.<br />
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Professor Liu Shuqin was furious again:“It's unreasonable. Go to Beijing again and find Jiang Nanxiang, Hua Luogeng...' and gave Qian Zongren thirty yuan assisting his trip to Beijing. Although Qian Zongren felt hopeless, he came to Beijing for the second time in order not to abuse Liu’s kindness.”<br />
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教育部研究生处回答,招研究生的主权在学校,如果学校一定不肯录取,教育 部也无能为カ。钱宗仁无法在京久留,一天两元钱的住宿费使他几乎囊空如洗。 他向热心的记者老林辞行,没想到老林告诉他ー个消息,使他大有“柳暗花明又一 村”之感一陕西省高教局已打电话给哈工大,西大不录取钱宗仁,哈工大表示可 以考虑。<br />
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The graduate student department of the Ministry of Education replied that the sovereignty of recruiting graduate students rested with the school, and if the school definitely refused to accept the student, the Ministry could not do anything about it. Qian Zongren could not stay in Beijing for a long time, because the accommodation fee of two yuan a day made him almost have no money left. He said goodbye to the enthusiastic reporter Lin, who told him a news that made him have a sense of "there is always light at the end of the tunnel" - the Higher Education Bureau of Shaanxi Province had called Harbin Institute of Technology. When the Northwest University did not admit Qian Zongren, Harbin Institute of Technology said they could consider it.<br />
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The Graduate Division of the Ministry of Education replied that the authority to recruit graduate students lies with the school. If the school definitely refused to accept the student, the Ministry of Education could do nothing about it. Qian Zongren could not stay in Beijing for a long time because the accommodation fee of two yuan per day almost left him penniless. He bid farewell to the warm-hearted journalist Lao Lin, who told him a piece of news that made him feel like "there is always light at the end of the tunnel". Shaanxi Provincial Bureau of Higher Education had called Harbin Institute of Technology ，which said,"if Northwestern University doesn’t admit Qian Zongren, Harbin Institute of Technology is willing to consider it."<br />
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钱宗仁在北京耐心地等待了几天,哈工大研究生办公室的回音来了:我校已尽 最大的力量,但我们是工科,钱宗仁同志报的是理科,很难找到适合他的指导教师。<br />
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Qian Zongren waited patiently in Beijing for a few days, and the reply from the Graduate Affairs Office of Harbin Institute of Technology came: Our university has done its best, but we are a technological university, and Comrade Qian Zongren applied for a university of science, so it is difficult to find a suitable tutor for him.<br />
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Qian Zongren patiently waited in Beijing for several days, and the response from the Harbin Institute of Technology graduate office came: Our school has done its best. We are a school specialized in engineering courses , but Comrade Qian Zongren applied for science departments. Therefore, it is difficult to find a suitable tutor for him.<br />
多少次燃起希望,又有多少次希望的破灭,钱宗仁的心沉下去了。仅仅因为超 过两岁,他奔波行程几万里,历时近百天,破费数百元,倘若能有条件利用这段时间 学习,恐怕也越过了一年研究生课程。<br />
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How many times had hopes been raised, and how many times had hopes been dashed. Qian Zongren's heart sank. Just because he was two years older, he traveled tens of thousands of miles, lasting nearly a hundred days and spending hundreds of dollars. If he was able to use this time to study, he might have passed the one-year graduate courses.<br />
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How many times hope was ignited and then shattered, Qian Zongren's heart sank. He traveled tens of thousands of miles, and spent nearly a hundred days and hundreds of yuan just because he was two years over the limit age. If he had been able to use this time to study, he would probably have completed a year of graduate courses.<br />
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人们为钱宗仁惋惜的同时,也发出了这样的慨叹:人的价值在人的本身,两岁, 这在人生的长河中算得了什么?我们的ー些部门却把这微不足道的外在因素看得 <br />
那么郑重,神圣不可侵犯,而忽视有オ华的人本身。多少人才因僵死的人事制度被 压抑、被搁置、被埋没,这种束缚人的制度难道不应改革吗?<br />
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While feeling sorry for Qian Zongren, people also lamented: the value of people lies in the human itself. Two years old. What does that matter in the long river of life? But some of our departments see such insignificant external factors so solemn, sacred, and ignore the talented people themselves. How many talents have been suppressed, shelved and buried because of the rigid personnel system. Shouldn't this system that binds people be reformed?<br />
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As people felt sympathy for Qian Zhongren, they also expressed their thoughts: the value of people lies in themselves. The fact is that two years is not important at all in the long river of life. However, some of our departments treat these trivial external factors so seriously and sacredly, while neglecting the essence of a person. How many talented people have been suppressed, shelved, and buried because of the rigid personnel system? Shouldn't this system that restricts people be reformed?<br />
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“伯乐”,到处都有<br />
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“Bole” is everywhere<br />
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钱宗仁,这棵从石板缝中钻出来的小草,并非只遇到冰冷而圆滑的石头,他也 感受过春风的温暖和爱抚。他遇到了不少“伯乐”,西北大学的刘书琴教授不就是 ー个吗?刘老给教育部写的一封信,一直珍藏在宗仁的身边:“我认为钱宗仁实际 水平很高,各种基础具备,如能使其有一个较好的条件加以深造,定能见效,很有可 能做出成绩。……对这种人才仅因超龄而拒之门外,实为浪费埋没人才,我深感不 安,似与当前所倡精神有违。……我有信心,敢尽有生之年,在其他同志帮助下,悉 心培养之。……我年事已高,难得几回为国家’四化’出力,因此特修书陈请……” 每逢读到这里,钱宗仁心中都会涌出ー股热流。尽管处处有路障,但到底有人理解 他,有人发现和承认了他呀!<br />
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Qian Zongren, the grass that emerged from the crack of the slate, did not only meet cold and smooth stones, but he also felt the warmth and caress of the spring breeze. He met a lot of "bole (talent scouts)", Professor Liu Shuqin of Northwest University was not one of them? Liu wrote a letter to the Ministry of Education, which had been treasured by Zongren: "I think Qian Zongren actually has a high level and various basic abilities, so if he can have a better condition for further study, we will see results, and he is likely to make achievements. ... for this kind of talent that is turned away only because of overage, it is a waste of talent. I am deeply disturbed. It seems contrary to the spirit what is being advocated. ... I have confidence to spend my lifetime, with the help of other comrades, to devotedly instruct him. ... I'm already old, it's rare to contribute to the country's 'four transformations', so I'd like to submit a letter of request ..." Every time he read here, Qian Zongren would get a rush of heat from his heart. Although there were roadblocks everywhere, but in the end, someone understood, found and recognized him!<br />
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还有那位未曾见过面的北京工业学院基础部的杨维奇教授,在青岛ー次会议 中,遇到张广厚和刘书琴,他为钱宗仁未被录取之事愤愤不平,又深为钱宗仁在逆 境中自强不息的精神感动。他决定破格在1982年招钱宗仁当研究生,并征得教育 部的同意。虽然,由于种种原因此愿未遂,但杨维奇这番心意,钱宗仁领了,至今, 他还与这位素不相识的教授保持通信联系,当他的“校外研究生”。“伯乐”,到处 都有,相识的,素不相识的,那些热情的学者、专家、记者,在关键时刻都向钱宗仁伸 出了声援的手。二十年过去,钱宗仁遇到了不少坎坷,但也得到了不少人的理解, 他没有被畸形的生活所带来的痛苦湮没,反而造就出另一种性格。<br />
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考研究生落榜,钱宗仁再次回到新疆。在阿克苏,钱宗仁又遇到了一个“伯 乐”ーー阿克苏地区宣传部长宣惠良,这真是钱宗仁不幸中的大幸。宣惠良读了钱 宗仁的自述材料后,深为感动。这个青年人对理想的追求那样执着,没有虚假的夸 张和自我炫耀,字里行间跳动着ー颗真诚的心。他亲自到实验林场调查了解钱宗 仁的情况。他听到ー些非议,比如钱宗仁对人冷漠、孤僻,有名利思想,不务正业; 但就是对他有意见的同志也承认他经过百般磨难,坚持自学的毅カ令人佩服。宣 惠良理解钱宗仁,喜欢钱宗仁一他看到了这小伙子的品质和潜在的能力。他走 进了这个小伙子的住处 个破烂的小屋。钱宗仁上下打量了来客,个头不高, 戴着黑边眼镜,风度潇洒,没想到这位素不相识的宣传部长竟成了他今后生活道路 上的良师益友。<br />
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宣惠良是ー个值得大书特书的人,自!982年5月初识钱宗仁,半年中帮助他 办了三件事。第一步是工人转干部。宣惠良打算把钱宗仁调到阿克苏地区的中学 教书,这里图书资料、学习条件都比林场强。先联系二中,二中推托他有湖南口音, 不宜教学而未接收;又联系四中,四中说必须把钱宗仁由工人转干部才能算作正式 教师。宣惠良跑了文教处、农林处都还顺利,到了地区人事处卡了壳,一个干事说, エ转干要9月份统ー审批,还要等ー个月。<br />
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谁知在此期间,钱宗仁收到北京工业学院杨维奇教授的来电,让他速寄档案, 北エ院要破格录取他为1982年的数学系研究生。机不可失。偏巧钱宗仁的档案 又找不到了。1980年新疆石油管理局南疆石油指挥部刚刚上马,需要师资和翻译 人才,欢迎钱宗仁去,因此钱宗仁的档案寄到了石油部门,谁知到第二年此单位属 于关停并转企业,又不需要人了,钱宗仁的档案就这样遗失了。<br />
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北京工业学院二次来电催促,宣惠良的心情和钱宗仁一样焦急。他跑到人事 部门去游说,讲述钱宗仁的遭遇,希望得到他们的同情,补办ー份档案材料,请他们 提前批准钱宗仁エ转干,然后将工转干的一套手续作为他的新档案寄发北京エ业 学院。然而那些干事竟毫不动心,拒绝了老宣的请求。<br />
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宣传部长不掌人事权、财权,却有着正义感。尽管处处碰壁,他仍要成全钱宗 仁。宣惠良只好超越他的职权范围（这不大合乎中国办事情的手续）,将钱宗仁的 转干报表、自传、鉴定ーー复制,盖上宣传部的大印,寄到北京去了。<br />
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但毕竟晚了一步,延误了时机,使钱宗仁到北京工业学院当研究生一事又告 吹。宣惠良很伤感,对某些机构的衙门作风以及对人オ的难以容忍的冷漠感到义 愤,同时为钱宗仁这样的人才被埋没而痛惜。多少良机,钱宗仁ーー丧失了。他对 宣惠良说:“我已被逼上梁山,义无反顾,不管成败如何,我要背水ー战,不管采取什 么方式,要继续深造,决不容许自己退下来。”那心境很有些悲壮。<br />
<br />
一波未平,一波又起。《光明日报》驻新疆记者站的同志给钱宗仁来了一封 信,告诉他自治区常委富文同志对钱宗仁的使用有一个批件,大意是应就近调塔里 木农垦大学试用后任教。这自然使钱宗仁心中浮起了新的希望,他找到阿克苏地 区组织部,这份批件竟被压在抽屉里两个月无人过问。组织部的回答是:我们管区 以上的干部,包括教授、讲师及工程师;像你这样的人不归我们管,即使归我们管, 塔里木农大是农牧渔业部和建设兵团合办的学校,我们也管不着。于是,这份批件 从组织部转到了文教处,文教处又将此件压下无人过问。宣惠良出面追问,从ー堆 杂乱的文件中找出批件后,再次做说客,带着批件,乘车赶到距阿克苏100多公里 的阿拉尔,找到塔里木农大的领导,又跑到实验林场和地区人事处,苦口婆心,终于<br />
使钱宗仁在1983年初来到塔里木农垦大学报到。<br />
<br />
钱宗仁感叹地说:“中国,要是多一些宣部长这样的干部就好了。”是啊,如果 我们的人事部门的干部,都能像宣惠良一样常给自己的心加加温,中国的事情将会 好办得多。<br />
<br />
钱宗仁到塔里木农垦大学任教,终于结束了二十年的坎坷生涯,但愿他在今后 的生活中不再扮演悲剧的角色,但愿他能成功。但愿!<br />
<br />
“过去的都已过去了。我今后二十年能为人民做些事,得到人们的理解,我的 心就得以满足,它将证明我前二十年的努力没有白费。我想通过自己的努力得到 社会的承认,使ー些刚开始发奋自学又遇到挫折的青年产生信心,也让那些曾打击 和阻拦我前进的人看看,小草要破土而出,任什么人也压不下去。我对生活充满着 信心,相信命运是可以抗争的。奇迹多是在厄运中出现的。最后,我希望我们现行 的政策稳定,哪怕是半个世纪也好。”<br />
<br />
我相信,钱宗仁讲述这一切时,他的心是淌着泪的。一定。<br />
<br />
人生,这就是人生。这里,有辛酸,有劳苦,也有人的创造和热カ,有污浊,更多 的却是人的光彩;这里有痛苦,也有克制、忍耐,更多的是自我牺牲中所获得的创造 的快乐。<br />
<br />
钱宗仁身上印着过去的痕迹,也埋藏着未来的种子,他脸上的表情,他的姿态, 都表现出思想、热情和生命的波动,你甚至能听见他汹涌的内心的呼声。他的经 历,他的性格,他的人品,他的精神,都使我想起塔里木河畔的胡杨,那会流泪的树。<br />
<br />
钱宗仁就是ー棵扎根在阿拉尔的胡杨,ー个曾被忽略的倔强的灵魂。在沙漠 旱风的席卷和盐碱的吞噬中,那被压抑、被扭曲的生命终究要伸直它的躯十。他不 抱怨,不灰心,因为,他知道以往个人的悲剧,也是整个社会的不幸。生活前进了, 他正和人民和国家一道共享春天的温馨。<br />
<br />
哦,胡杨树,壮美的树!<br />
<br />
哦,胡杨泪,悲壮的泪!<br />
<br />
（原载《文汇月刊＞1984年第4期）<br />
<br />
原野在呼唤<br />
<br />
王兆军<br />
<br />
历史和现实撞击出电火,原野上滚过这样的雷声:<br />
“请放下古城前那高高的吊桥……”<br />
<br />
历史,曾经显示过这样的画面——<br />
<br />
萧瑟秋风里,荒野古道上,起义军的马蹄正扬起漫天的灰尘。可以看得见,在 那沙风土雾中,每一面大旗上都写着“分田地,均贫富”!揭竿而起的农民为了得 到土地,正纵横沙场,逐鹿中原,多少将士,在凄迷冷寂的荒原上留下了血肉模糊的 尸体和征袍!天阴雨湿,似有无数的幽灵仍然不肯离去,腥风中低吟着热恋土地的 挽歌 <br />
<br />
近代。中国乡村,黑夜如磐。<br />
<br />
一位偿还不起高利贷的农民,在要么坐牢、鬻女,要么变卖那仅有的ー小片田 地的严酷事实面前,在地契上痛苦地留下殷红的指印。当天,也许是第二天拂晓, 他便领着全家上路了。那片拴着心的小小的土地,昨天还是属于他的,而今天…… 他跪倒在它的上面,匍匐身躯,拨开厚厚的积雪,一双青筋暴突的大手拼命地扒呀, 扒呀,终于扒出ー块泥土。他把这泥土揣进怀里。最后,望了一眼那片依依难舍的 土地,含着满目泪水,踏上了背井离乡的风雪小道……<br />
<br />
这,就是中国人对于土地的深挚的感情;这,就是我们祖祖辈辈将所有的汗水、 所有的智慧、所有的希望,都倾注其中的那片热土,那片原野啊！只有在生命和土 地之间择其ー时,他们オ可能舍弃后者;有的,甚至宁肯以身殉地！于是,长久的炽 热的情感形成了牢不可破的传统一土地被神化了。五行,土为中;诸侯三宝,地为 上。在茫茫中国,几乎每一个村庄都有社庙,即土地庙。人们用自己的感情塑造了这 么ー个神灵,让它统治着乡村的一切。敬畏、膜拜,祭以牺牲,祀以香火,不敢有些微 的逆忤。立春（秋）以后的第五个戊日,无论是耕耘之前的祈祷还是收获之后的庆贺, 都在那个小小的土地庙前进行。ー碗碗绿豆黄豆,ー盘盘小麦蜀黍,ー盅盅新米佳 酿,陈年的柿饼和新摘的枣子,附以面条、鸡蛋,纸钱与香烛,全献给社神了。人们 希望在那欢乐的氤氤中,让社神用绳索将他们牢牢地拴在土地上,永远也不离开。<br />
<br />
今天,这是在什么地方?<br />
<br />
タ阳西下,火红的晚霞正在变成深紫色。出脱了货物的汉子们点完了一沓沓 钞票,喜上眉梢。他们弄来烧酒和啤酒、红肠、烧鸡、花生米,便在农贸市场的台面 上坐了,兴高采烈地品赏起城市的黄昏来,没有一点忧郁和哀愁,背井离乡似乎成 为ー种享受。他们好像已经成为这里的主人了!<br />
<br />
看,经过训练的几百名乡村姑娘,从大客车上下来了。大的20来岁,小的只有 十六七岁。她们衣着鲜艳,不无时髦。她们是来大城市当保姆的。眼前,ー幢幢大 楼,ー排排树木,车水马龙的大街和琳琅满目的商场,正吸引着她们好奇的目光。 乡村狭小而又广漠的世界,已经容不下她们的心和她们的憧憬。她们从原野上走 出来,高高兴兴地走出来,那么心甘,那么欢畅……奇怪吗?奇怪!即使是对于社 会变化比较淡漠的人也会有疑问:农民对于土地的感情哪里去了?他们为什么舍 得离开那温暖的赖以生存的家园,离开那金黄的稻田和绿油油的菜畦?这种变化 是怎样发生的,并将对中国社会有哪些启示和影响?在回答我的问题时,请不要囿 于某些落套的文章、夸张的报道和枯涩的理论吧,在新的变化面前,朋友,你一定要 丢弃往昔的经验,因为潮流已经涌到眼前,几乎每ー个人都分明地感觉到了它那严 肃的冲击。历史与现实的电火撞击着,在大地上滚过阵阵惊雷。原野在如此殷勤 地呼唤我们:“放下古城门前那高高的吊桥,认识我们这里的流水、芳草,这里的阳 光大道!”<br />
<br />
人们吃饱了,但并不满足。列车震破了桃源旧梦。<br />
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他们来不及拍打裤脚上的尘土,便从原野上出发,<br />
走向另ー个世界<br />
<br />
应着那旷野的呼唤,我来到了河南。<br />
<br />
这是一片多么古老、多么辽阔、多么肥沃的土地啊！厚厚的黄土,埋藏着一部 中华民族的历史;滔滔的黄河,诉说着这历史的源远流长。千百万年过去了,但历 史的字典里依然写着“以农为本” “缺衣少食”这样荒唐的成语,在我们这片稼穡为 上的土地上,却依然没有消除愚昧和饥饿,就像龙门的石佛依然板着那千古不变的 似笑非笑的面孔ー样。<br />
<br />
直到今天,党的十一届三中全会以后,安徽和四川的暖风吹到了中州,河南オ 开始苏醒。可是责任制刚刚实行,便有人担心分田会重受二遍苦。于是,黄河、伊 洛河在东张西望中度过了 !979年。然而,一年以后的事实证明,河南人民不仅没 有重受二茬罪,反而迅速解决了吃饭问题。对于一个人口数量占全国第二位的省 份来说,一年解决了上千年没有解决的问题,这难道不是一个奇迹吗?<br />
<br />
从南阳、洛阳、濮阳,到虞城、项城、商城,到处都可以看到:黄土古道上是售棉 卖粮的大车小车,庄稼人面上的菜色正在消逝,荒原获得了绿色的生命,每一寸田 园都找到了知冷知热的爹娘,红薯正在变为饲料,白瓷碗里盛上了热气腾腾的 面条。<br />
<br />
无数的报道早已将这些事实变为匆匆层叠更替的历史,而我所要追寻的是:解 决了温饱问题的人们将怎样开拓新的生活。他们吸着古老的烟袋蹲在墙根晒太阳 了吗?他们守着古训“不知有汉、何论魏晋” 了吗?我担心,因为我们这个民族是 容易满足的。<br />
<br />
陇海线上东来西去的列车,昼夜不息地从中原驰过。多少年来,人们只知道那 里有黑色的铁轨,看见过列车喷出的团团白气,至于铁道和他们的生活有什么关 系,却很少想过,他们坚信自己永远是靠土地生活的,土地能提供他们所需要的 一切。<br />
<br />
但是,今天的列车却唤醒了这里的村庄,这里的阡陌和这里的人们。<br />
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祭城乡白庄村的干部们坐在田垄上,心事重重地望着风驰电掣的列车从他们 的土地上经过。高亢的汽笛声震不开他们紧锁的眉心,喷吐的白雾在他们心头立 刻变为可怕的黑云。铁路复线工程占去了他们的100多亩好地,这对于ー个只有 400多亩土地的小村庄,该是多么大的损失啊!原先每人占地6分4厘,现在倒过 来成为4分6厘了。他们掰着指头算着:即使亩产2000斤粮食（这是很不容易 的）,每人也占不到1000斤。按产值计,不过百把块钱,扣除生产成本,只剩几十块 钱了。这就是说:辛辛苦苦在田里折腾一年,弄得好也只不过是吃饱肚皮而已。<br />
<br />
列车吞去了他们的土地,天地变得如此狭小,像飞鸟发现自己在ー个笼子里一 样,他们感到了某种恐慌。望着列车,他们忽然在冥思苦索中微妙地感到,这个社 会在发生变化,ー股强大的潮流正像列车这样冲击到他们的村边来了。啊,铁道为 什么要改为复线?运东西,越来越多的东西,煤、机器、生猪、水泥、蔬菜……可是列 车上有我们的东西吗?没有,既没有卖出的,也没有买进的。他们感到自己被潮流 抛弃得很远很远。为什么咱就不能加入这个潮流呢?我们也有手,难道不能生产 出什么东西,加入那个潮流并且从中得到新的利益,从而不再像祖辈先人那样困守 一隅地生活吗?列车没有白占去土地,它给乡村的人们以新的启示,在新的奥秘被<br />
<br />
发现之后,他们欣喜得不能自已。<br />
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“对,不能老憋在这几分地上!”支部书记白西川说,“咱们也得想办法挣钱。” 副书记白玉河、白明顺也一股劲地说:“得另找门道,不然,这日子越过越涩。” 对于几千年来以土地为生的中国农民来说,这种离开土地寻找更宽阔的道路, 积极加入现代社会的潮流的要求,不能不说是自然而又伟大的觉醒。<br />
<br />
开始,他们失败了,他们光想到赚钱,先加工生产履带轴销,但是卖不了多少, 后来搞电焊气焊,活也不多。有人说做糕点利大,他们就改做月饼、糖块,还种过银 耳、蘑菇。忙活了一年,算ー算,没赚到什么钱。<br />
<br />
失败提供了教训。白西川和干部、社员们意识到做生意赚钱和种地不是一回 事,商业有商业的门道,要看清这个行当,不能老用农民的眼光。社员们提醒他,这 些年来,唯有豆腐坊生意旺盛,本地大豆多,豆腐也销得快,豆渣可以扩大饲养业, 饲养业可以提供更多的肥料,粮食产量也能上去。<br />
<br />
他们决定发展豆制品生产,特别是向干菜方面努力,多做腐竹。<br />
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开始做腐竹,完全是土办法。22 口小铁锅,豆浆锅坐在开水锅里,温度达不 到,做出的腐竹黑乎乎的,价格上不去。白西川感到这样不行,得想办法改进,首先 要向别人学习。<br />
<br />
白西川带着几个人,到エ艺先进的桂林腐竹厂学习。好事多磨,到了那里,好 话说了几夢筐,人家就是不让看。白西川急得吃不下饭,睡不好觉。美丽的山水对 他们一行没有半点吸引力,白西川恨不得白给人家当两个月短工,只要让他学习。 人家说这是卫生条例的原因,白西川恨不得拿酒精给全身消消毒,换ー身新煮烫的 衣服,只要叫参观ー下就行。他们在冷遇中渐渐感觉到ー种商业社会的气味。这 种竞争的气息强烈地刺激着白西川那传统农民的朴实憨厚的心。社会已经变化得 这么快了,难怪乡村总是那么落后。他决心要赶上这个潮流,加入这个潮流,并且 一定要走到前面去。他们求助于党组织和当地政府,好说歹说,终于获得了“粗看 一遍”的允诺。那真是粗看一遍啊,按人家指定的路线走,关键地方不让看,问ー些 技术上的问题,人家又不愿解答。他们贪婪地看着。可惜时间给得太少,只粗略地 记得锅炉、磨汁、造浆、蒸盘和烘房等几处主要设施和大概的工作情形。<br />
<br />
回到家,凭几个人的印象,便开始建造腐竹厂。买设备、建厂房,依靠本村人的 努力,只用了两个月时间,腐竹厂就建成了。4月10日试验,居然一次成功。当第 ー批腐竹做出来,白西川感慨万千。他为这种快速的成功而高兴。时代的压カ,逼 得人们变得勇敢而又精明。他想起在桂林受到的冷遇,想到全村人付出的艰苦的 劳动,感到追赶这个时代是多么不容易啊!<br />
<br />
这个不愁原料、不愁生产、销路也好的腐竹厂建成以后,很快使白庄的劳动结 构发生了巨大变化。大量的豆渣,促使他们办ー个相当规模的养殖场。养殖场的 粪肥要运到田里,必须扩大机械队伍。牛奶和生猪要有专人销售。腐竹厂连续生 产,各种エ序需要许多劳カ参加。豆腐坊和调料厂也在扩大。新生活要求新的住 房,必须扩大建筑队伍……这些劳动,占去了全村94. 4%的劳カ,只有5. 6%的劳 カ从事农业劳动了。这就逼得他们拿出最懂农业技术的人去承包土地,并且大力 加快农业机械化进度。那种以为责任制以后无法使用机械的担忧已经被事实击 败。白庄的商品经济发展,已经使绝大多数人离开了土地,变为工人了。1983年, 他们的日工值已经达到4元,而这个村的社员用水、用电、住房、蔬菜、教育和医疗 也全由大队包下来了。<br />
<br />
农民学会许多原先不懂的东西。无论エ副业还是农业,白庄都实行了严格的 承包责任制。合同就是法律,谁违背合同就按章处罚,处罚的办法之一是不让劳 动 这是最重的惩罚〇<br />
<br />
白西川说:“按以前的老办法不行了,我们找到了一个新办法,叫作不打自 叫唤。”<br />
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当欲望自然地被尊重时,历史前进了。<br />
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人们从土地上走出来了,并迅速学会了原来不懂的东西<br />
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这是ー个多么炎热的夏天,从虎牢关到邙岭这片丘陵地已经好多天没下雨了。<br />
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巩义贺尧大队支部书记牛新安从来没有这样焦躁不安。他在为大队综合厂的 问题发愁。农业包下去,生机勃勃,不用操多少心了。可是这个小厂却越办越赖, 几乎到了不可收拾的地步。支部决定搞承包投标,可是意见分歧很大,有人投标很 高,有人投标较低,有人反对投标。在纷杂的争论中,他注意到一位青年人的意见, 这个人叫李自忠。他尖锐地指出那些高标的盲目性,并且批评了某些人妄图用拼 设备的办法获取利润,塞满腰包,然后扔掉エ厂的做法。青年人的敏锐和忠诚强烈 地震动了牛新安。无疑,李自忠是为全村利益长远打算的。<br />
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但是,这个青年所要求的条件是多么难以应允啊!他要厂长责任制,要招聘エ 人和解雇工人的权カ,要升降工人工资的权カ,要奖惩的权カ,要增添和更换设备 的权カ,要购销权カ……一句话,这个厂交给他,他就要全部说了算。<br />
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当过教师、当过队长、当过县接待室的接待员、当过酒厂厂长的李自忠,无疑是 ー个能干的有头脑的人物。但是,不让大队插手,他自己独揽大权,这能行吗?能<br />
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给他这种“便宜行事”的杏黄旗吗?<br />
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牛新安陷入难以排遣的烦闷之中。他近来出去看了一些地方,深深感到自己 这一代人快要落伍了。ー没文化,什么都弄不懂;ニ是农业搞惯了,思想牢牢拴在 土地上,小麦上,红薯上,经商盈利就没本事了;三来许多人从内心就对这种商业经 济有看法;再就,精力也不行了。无论如何要起用青年人,能干的青年就在眼前,为 什么不用?他要权,就给他权,订个合同,让他干!<br />
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就这样,李自忠接手了这个破烂不堪的小厂一陈旧的机器;工人懒懒散散; 欠外债36万元,40多家债主轮番索债。李自忠不慌不忙,凭三寸不烂之舌,反复说 明困难,真不行就先给人家5块钱搪塞搪塞,或者去菜园里摘几个西红柿招待一下 愠怒的债主。然后,他运用权カ,先把几个上班看电视、放风筝,又经常拿钢管换酒 喝换烟抽的干部子女辞掉,又招聘了几位熟练的技工,重订了厂规厂法,然后开始 制造砖机。<br />
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他已经对此深思熟虑过了:农民生活正在飞速改善,建房是农民的第一大事, 砖瓦都是紧俏货,砖机自然就是畅销品。当他把工作安排就绪以后,向大队提出: “我要拿!000块钱做广告。”<br />
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他的这ー举动使许多人莫明其妙,花!000块钱在报纸上登那么几行字,ー张 图画,这不是疯了吗?牛新安却应允了,他说:“自忠,你只管按你的计谋办,赔了大 队兜着!”<br />
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广告发出去了。李自忠摇着扇子,悠悠然等待喜事降临。其实他心里并不安 静,他想试用一下现代社会的新手段,他知道社会已经前进了,凭老一代那种老鹅 下蛋不叫唤的办法是不行了,既然要参加到这个社会中去,便要使用一切允许使用 的新武器。他干得对。不久本省来了十几封信,定购这个厂的砖机。<br />
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实际上,这时的厂子还没有那么充足的生产能力。这么ー来,弄得大家手忙脚 乱。李自忠仍然“无忧无虑”地看报纸、听广播、喝茶、抽烟,但是,只有夜空的繁星 知道,李自忠半夜里还常常冥思苦索,翻来覆去不能入睡。不几天,他想出了新招。 他把一些本厂难以加工的部件委托国营大厂代做。当时这些大厂都在调整,工人 没活干。他们和洛阳拖拉机厂铸造分厂、三门峡仪表机械厂、洛阳407厂订了合 同,大部件镂孔、大齿轮加工都由他们包了,双方都很高兴。<br />
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第一批生意就这样成交了。<br />
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小厂有了大本钱。工人的劲头也上来了。<br />
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本省的生意还没有到头,李自忠又给《安徽日报》发了信,请教能不能推销些 砖机,《安徽日报》很快刊登了他们的信。贺尧大队砖机厂一下子收到80多封订货 信。有些人要来厂取货,被李自忠挡了驾。李自忠明白:如果来了人,看见他们的 工厂这么小,会淡了兴趣的。于是,他在滁州、芜湖、安庆、阜阳、合肥等5处设了推 销点,把货送到安徽去。这样,他们1月份收入1〇万元,2月份收入20万元,3月 份收入30万元,4月份收入40万元。有了这100万元的资金,他们扩建厂房,更新 配套设备,增聘技工,自己生产所有的零部件,腰杆子壮起来了。一直到9月份,他 们的砖机都是脱销的,有的采购员来厂,把零部件都号上,不让别人动。<br />
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“现代社会的特点是新东西层出不穷,但很快就被别人学会了。”李自忠已经 明白这一点了。他们发广告,别人也发广告。李自忠就亲自把样机弄到展销会和 推销点上去现场操作给人家看;别人也会这样做了,他们又实行包安装、包维修、定 期征求用户意见的方法,深得用户好评,用户还替他们宣传。别人又学会了这ー 套,他们就另换ー个地方。当许多砖机厂去安徽时,贺尧大队的推销员又去山东 了。1982年在山东只花了 900元广告费,就卖出去砖机200多台,收入130多万 元。别处也四下里推销,他们就在降低价格、提高质量上下功夫,对手老是竞争不 过他们。李自忠每天都在绞尽脑汁思索着战略战术。他明白,只要在一个环节上 失败了,生意就会垮下来。<br />
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“商业不等于骗人,现在做买卖,要实在。”李自忠把新的生意经背得烂熟,“用 户是王,质量是命,时间是钱。”<br />
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一次,辽宁来了一个跛子。他在巩义转了好几个砖机厂,最后来到贺尧大队。 李自忠知道这是ー个精明的人,便对他说:“巩县的砖机有好有坏,我们的也不是十 全十美。你仔细看看,不买也不要紧,提点意见也是宝贵的。”<br />
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那人反复看了,还是不买。李自忠留他吃饭,他不吃。走时,李自忠见他走路 不方便,就派车把他送到火车站,帮他买了车票。跛子临上车前忽然退了票,拿出 ー张ー万一千多元的支票,毅然买了 280型砖机和搅拌机各一台。<br />
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送走跛子,李自忠说:“现在的生意,要开诚布公,哄哥哥骗姐姐,那是小家子 气。急功近利,见了人就想掏人家的钱包,常常办不成事。同时也要注意看人,像 这样精明的人只有以诚相待,他才信人信机器。”李自忠没有说他是怎样研究人的 心理的,他知道,现代的企业家不能像某些老农那样ーー总想以狡黠取胜反而常常 因浅薄吃亏。<br />
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1982年,这个大队小厂总产值达420万元,刚接手的那一年这个厂的产值12 万元,3年增长35倍。<br />
探索就是一种冒险,但冒险此平庸伟大一万倍。<br />
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人们离开了土地,走向工业,并且迅速学会了工业管理<br />
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丰田小汽车在乡间那满是尘土的小道上飞驰,扬起一股尘烟。<br />
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常建国,禹县方山铝矶土矿矿长,参加代表团,踏上了去联邦德国参观访问、洽 谈生意的旅途。<br />
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他望着车窗外的原野,心潮起伏不平。<br />
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一切都是从这里出发的。生命从这里出发,上学从这里出发,挖野菜从这里出 发,下坡种庄稼从这里出发,这里是根。10年前当他意识到单靠这荒山薄地无法 过好日子时,便毅然决然地带着17个人,来到这人烟稀少的秃岭上。没有树,谈不 上木材;没有土,想种ー棵草都不可能;只有石头,而且是既不能砌房又不能烧石灰 的乱石片。但是,常建国坚信大自然赏赐给他们的山野必定是能够挖掘出有用的 东西的。他去巩义看过,那里的铝矶土就很像这里的土石。他和他的伙伴们挖啊, 掏啊,无论是夹着雪花的北风还是掺着霰粒的细雨,也无论是烈日酷暑还是深秋严 霜,都没能使他们退却。他们为了甩掉贫穷这个魔鬼,像疯魔ー样奋斗着。终于, 他们找到了希望找到的东西,盘了一个窑,烧出第一窑铝矶土。但是,能不能卖出 去还是问题呢!他忽然想到这真有点冒险,如果找不到销路,或者这货根本就不合 格,18个人的辛劳不就付诸东流了吗?<br />
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车过三岔路口,前面就是方山。常建国拉开窗玻璃,把头探出窗外。他贪婪地 看着这座家乡的山。方山,名不虚传,它不同于任何一座别处的山,没有连绵嵯峨 的雄姿,没有幽秀的回峰迭峦,没有黄山那样的松和云,也没有峨眉那样的泉和寺, 它只是突兀在这原野上的一座孤立的山,没有圆滑的舒缓的线条,四条棱支在大地 上,像一座削去了顶部的金字塔。这是多么具有个性的山啊!那时,他就想:人也 是这样,要具有自己的名字,要走出自己的路,就要有独自的特点。他决心给第一 窑货找到顾主。<br />
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时间多么紧促,贫困的乡亲们多么希望有钱花。他必须尽快地使这些货得到 鉴定。原先,他只想到国内市场,而国内的钢铁生产发展不快,接着又调整,耐火材 料滞销；国外的钢铁业也不景气。但在这暂时的不景气之后肯定还有一个复苏,一 些商人不正在为几年后的发展囤积着铝矶土吗?常建国忽然由此萌生出ー个大胆 的念头:到海关去鉴定,争取出口。<br />
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到现在,常建国也不知道为什么忽然那样异想天开。贫穷中产生的欲望,奋斗 <br />
中萌发的胆量,把ー个农民的心一下子扩展到了整个世界。这个世界如此丰富多 彩,而我们只要有其中的一点点就够了。过去竟然没有想到这个世界,就像祖祖辈 辈没有想到方山上的铝矶土ー样!反过来说,世界上有这么多人,每一点财富都被 许多眼睛注视着,谁先抢到手,谁就是英雄,这里没有施舍,任何守株待兔式的梦想 都不应当存在。<br />
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于是,也是从这里出发,常建国背上了一袋烧制的料样,匆匆向青岛海关而去。 到那里,通过化验鉴定,质量很好,外贸部门答应优先给他们接洽生意,销路是不用 发愁的。常建国一下子高兴得浑身轻了 20斤!这时,他オ注意到那美丽的大海。 多么辽阔的海啊!烟波浩渺,一望无际,水天一色。隅居山乡的人虽然曾经为陆地 的旷远深沉而自豪过,但是当看见大海的时候,就不得不惊叹海的伟大气魄和幽深 的底蕴了。当风浪在他脚下拍打时,他产生了这样ー个念头:这海的那一边,还有 更大的世界,要敢于冒险,跨过海去!<br />
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就这样,18个人的矿,只有2000元资金,却和世界的很远的地方联系在ー起 了。十分艰难,十分艰难啊！不仅是物质生活,思想也总是不得宁静。为了违心地 批判自己的“重商轻农”思想,他必须每年向上级写一大摞检讨书,农忙时,他不得 不“解散”工人去参加麦收,但夜晚,他们还是去守候自己的窑火。疲倦啊,ー躺下 就浑身酸疼,一点也不想爬起来,但是,还要干,还要拼命。人们都在注视着这个比 卖鸡蛋换钱更多的地方。<br />
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从山乡走到海边,又从海边飞向天空,整整用了 1〇年。这离开土地的1〇年 啊！从18个人发展到1800人,从2000资金发展到2000万元资产,人增加了 !00 倍,资产增加了 1万倍。为国家挣得1700万美元外汇。这当然有点像奇迹。但这 奇迹是用胆量、用汗水、用坚韧不拔的精神换来的。常建国说不出有多么感谢他的 伙伴、他的エ友和支持他的父老乡亲。只要这些人说好,就齐了,因为这是目的。 至于别人表扬与否,那无关紧要,那是和另外一些别的利益纠缠在ー起的事情。因 此,当养鸡户进省城当劳模而无人敢表扬方山铝矶土矿时,常建国仍然和他的伙伴 们在那深山沟里默默地开掘着自己的希望、热情和幸福。<br />
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飞机起飞了,从舷窗俯视大地,大地上的一切都是那么井井有条,山岭、河谷、 树林、荒漠、城市、乡村……当就要离开国界时,他的心一下子又缠绕到矿上去了。 他想过:这个矿为什么能发展起来?第一条,或者说唯一的一条是他有自由。他不 需要向这个请示,向那个汇报;工人就是上司,事业就是上司,ー个在身边,ー个在 心中。这多么方便！生活在这个螃蟹篓子ー样的世界里,牵ー发动全身,或投鼠忌 器,或忧谗畏讥,搬动ー张椅子似乎都会乱了天下,这是多么坚固又多么脆弱的网 啊!幸亏,他不在这个网里。“占山为王”,独立自主,不仅没有那么多限制,反而 有那么多自主权:全矿只有5个支部委员,其他几个全都在几个分厂里做エ,别无 什么科室处所,他决定了的,就能变为行动。当他决定要建一个建筑材料厂制造瓷 面砖时,ー个76米长的隧道窑,只用了 42天就完工了,而这在国营企业里,至少也 要8个月!他可以决定招聘技术人员;他可以视劳动和工作情况决定批评、处罚或 开除工人;他可以制定财物上的各种规章,从而把每ー个人牢牢拴在企业上。这叫 作一荣俱荣、ー损俱损。推销员不是经常吃喝吗,那就从推销总数中提出一定比例 的奖金。销多了得钱多,销少了自己不得。差旅费、招待费等,全在里面了。全厂 每ー个人的工资都是浮动的,矿上盈余多,都发财;亏了,都吃亏。这样,监督也就 无形中形成,质量也保证了……<br />
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飞机在蔚蓝的天空航行,实际上空气本身是无色透明的。常建国不知道别人 怎么看他,但自知自己是有一颗善良的心的。当开除那十几个工人时,他的心曾经 那么不平静。他希望每ー个人都能和睦相处,能像天国里那样人人相爱相亲。但 这不是天国啊,所以还是要用人间的办法。你们不好好干,偷懒、捣蛋、盗窃财物, 损害了我的事业,违反了纪律和制度,那只好抱歉了。常建国曾经怀疑过这是不是 有些专制,他认真思考过民主与自由,他不能容忍那种不负责任的行为,那不是民 主,那必然导致涣散与腐化,必然导致无休止的争吵、拖延和难以估计的损失。他 能够以这种方式取得一点成绩,完全因为自己是农民。这个最低的身份恰恰成为 ー种奢侈,ー种特权。常建国坐在飞机上,看着自己和别人差不多的装束,他真想 大声宣告:“我是农民,这是多么珍贵的称号!正因为我一切都没有,所以才有了 一切!”<br />
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第一站是汉堡,第二站是法兰克福……他到处参观,每到ー地都洽谈一到几笔 生意。察言观色,揣摩心理,研究行情,谨慎地制订价格,宴会,灯红酒绿,汽车在奔 驰,笑脸,支票……常建国开始时有点眼花缭乱,但不久就安静了。他赞赏人家的 工作效率和求实精神。ー种无形的力量在冲击他那在狭小天地里形成的容量有限 的心房,他承认看到自己的缺点和弱点了,单凭宣传所得到的东西是多么片面,人 家有人家的长处。他大大方方地向人家学习、求教。<br />
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只是当他重新飞回这块大陆,又重新踏上这片原野时,他的心オ又慌乱起来。 天上的云和地上的尘都曾经留下过的阴影又飘过来了。在听到中央一号文件后, 他曾热烈地庆幸自己的运气,但是,这也毕竟是运气。许多的必然还在使他惴惴不 安。他,他这ー类人,还只能被动地等待什么,而不能主导什么,无论是福还是祸。 他能够将企业办得更大,挣更多的外汇,但怕别人眼红。许多人不承认经营是劳 动,这使他想起喝酒来。为了企业,他必须喝酒,应付官员的“检查指导”,拉生意, 结交同行……都必须喝酒,有时一天要好几场,简直是灾难啊!他嗜酒吗?不,他 最想吃的是ー碗米饭、ー碟青菜或ー小碗汤,不寒麼也不奢侈,吃下去舒舒服服,多 好!可是这酒,不喝能成事吗?坏了胃,哑了嗓子,豁上身体去抵挡八面来风!得, 归于集体;失,留于一己。便纵有千种风情,更与何人说?再者,这样的企业,原料 供应全不在计划,钢铁、水泥、仪表、试剂,哪ー样不求人能到手?逼着人走后门。 积年旧账多了,到头来千人吃肉一人付钱,谁受得了?我得巴结所有的人,要害人 物打个喷嚏都吓得我三天睡不着觉。志气如此远大,收入如此可观,但政治上又如 此脆弱!怕变,怕统,怕眼红,怕记者,只是不怕自身的得与失,常建国觉得这样东 奔西簸,实际上也是在对自己的生命作战。他流泪了。<br />
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他多么想模糊掉那些人为的界限!部办的,省办的,县办的,大队办的,除了钞 票是平等的,其他都等级森严。脱产的,半脱产的,亦エ亦农的,以工代干的,ハ级 エ资,二十五级职务。打破他,过ー关选一将,谁能干好谁就是好汉,怎么样?为 此,他专门聘请了一些国家正式技术人员,他希望把这些门槛踢断,这样简单些。<br />
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他多么想聘请几位理论家,为他,为他们的以及全国的企业辩护:到底什么是 正道,什么是邪道?怎样不走后门而把事情办好?怎样オ算劳动?怎样评价人的 名利与功过 <br />
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他多么想有一部法律,将那些成功的东西肯定下来,将那些不该伸的手拉住, 把那些必须办的事办好……<br />
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他下了飞机,下了火车,又坐着丰田小车回到方山,回到矿上来了。当他又站 在出发的地方时,无边的山原使他激动不已。他望着山岭上那高大的烟囱,望着那 一片厂房和宛若市镇的矿区,听着那里传出的交响乐ー样雄壮而又美妙的各种声 音,心想:我们终于从茧壳里拱出来了。<br />
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是的,农民从土地上走出来,走进这涌动的潮流中来了。觉醒比起床要难得 多,因为我们的梦太古老太醉人了。这是一片多么沉重的土地啊！安阳殷墟,龙门 石窟,首阳山,三吏三别,古战场的千年的征尘……几乎每ー个地名都象征着如海 的血汗,锈蚀的兵器和风化了的尸体。我们的民族是从这样的原野上出发的。我 们在这原野上行走了几千年,缓慢的几千年啊！然而,贫困和愚昧仍然如毒蛇ー样 纠缠着我们。虽然各家各户都点过无数的香烛,希望在缭绕的烟氯中得到富足的 生活,但这都不过是梦。大地仍然死ー样的宁静。乡村里有什么?破败的草寮,沉 重的辘辘,还有那没有色彩的路。在那有着深深辙印和牛蹄坑的路上,ー头瘦骨嶙 峋的老牛拉着ー辆破旧的车,年复一年地行走着,步履缓慢地走着。ー头牛倒下 了,又有一头牛默默地把头伸进辗下,一代接一代,行走着,叹息着,似乎只要我们 甘愿这样永远走下去,谁也不会来欺负我们。<br />
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可是,这个世界是不平衡的。300多年前,当李闯王推翻了明王朝以后,我们 看见的又是ー个清王朝。政治的金字塔尖上坐着帝王,帝王在陈腐得发臭的宫殿 做着闭关锁国唯我独尊的美梦。然而,就在这个年代,英国人的工业革命却建立了 ー个新型的社会,从那以后,财富如同发酵的面团似的膨胀着,商品如潮水ー样涌 向世界。不久,他们作为殖民者,用洋枪洋炮轰开了大清国的大门,他们从地球的 那ー边闯到地球的这ー边来了。即使有800个林则徐,也挡不住“鬼子”的煤油灯 和织布机。<br />
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少数人觉醒了,便革命;但大多数仍在土地上那枯黄的荒草里沉睡,瘦弱的先 觉者被千万条沉重的绳索拴住了脚,オ走半步就跌倒了。我们终于又关起门来,任 凭大洋的潮头怎样拍打我们的门板,我们仍然在疲劳和饥饿之中诵读着这样的经 文:“耕读为上,商贾次之,工技又次之”“务农桑,五十本葱,ー畦韭,家二母彘,五 鸡”“栋宇、器械、脂烛,莫非种植之物,闭门而为生之具以足,但恨家中无盐井尔!” 当!〇亿人都在照这本经书去行动时,草地毁了,山林被砍掉,没有鱼也没有肉,尽 管每ー个空货架上都挂了语录,但语录仍不能解决吃饭问题。几年前,我们终于又 一次觉醒了。一旦开始尊重规律,也便有了路。<br />
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路是从那原野上踏出来的,第一个脚印还留着惶乱的迹象,但阡陌很快就形成 了。一条条小路,没有头也没有尾,连贯着,交错着,在原野上形成一张崭新的网〇 人们在这小路上运出了他们的商品,并把路伸向集镇,伸向城市,伸向国际市场。 曾经沧海难为水,已经见过新天地的人再也不愿困守穷庐了,他们已经不满足于碗 里面条和御寒的棉衣,一切都在变化着。我们的父老兄弟没有丢弃土地,他们只是 不满足于温饱,不满足于自然经济了。这个变化可以从被冷落的社神那里看得清 清楚楚:那三个曾被奉若神明的土地庙还有人理睬吗?无论是寂冷的夜晚还是喧 闹的白天,它都孤独地蹲在那里。荒草一直长到它的头顶上。再没有人向社神愚 蠢地献礼。社神在人们的心目中是的的确确被冷落、被渐渐地遗忘了。<br />
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原野以从未有过的兴奋向人们呼唤:走下去,从任何一点都可以走向全世界!<br />
当我们看见旷野的小路时,<br />
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不要忘记行路者双脚上的烂泥 认识这ー点,<br />
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也许此记得前文的叙述更有意义<br />
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世界是美的。<br />
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这美是谁装点的?<br />
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上帝给天空铺上彩云,太阳借给月轮以光辉,大地生育了高山、流水、带露的草 树和镶金嵌玉的田野,孩子们用亮晶的眼睛,姑娘们用鲜艳的衣裙和甜美的笑声, 艺术家则用灵感去装点人们的心灵……<br />
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襄城县养花专业户杨吉祥,用鲜花装点着世界。<br />
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这是ー个富有色彩、流淌着诗意的事业。然而这个事业的主人却奉献出了过 多的汗水和膏血。<br />
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他们曾经是穷困潦倒的乡下人。一家9 ロ,靠拉架子车运石头维持生活,偏偏 户主杨吉祥被汽车撞伤了 ,胳膊断了,石膏又没打好,落了残疾,难得温饱。小女儿 死了;儿子志刚オ14岁,又走上了父亲的道路,可是小驴又被人家偷走了。于是母 亲又接替了儿子。拉呀,拉呀,他们顽强地求生。<br />
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也许生活太枯燥,太单调,太苍白了,杨吉祥忽然爱起花来。第一次,他从别人 家端来ー盆月季,那种金背大红月季啊,像火ー样,辉煌、灿烂,给人以热烈的召唤 和充分的美感。杨吉祥痴迷了。后来又弄到ー棵金橘,一年四季,碧绿油油的,给 这枯涩的家庭生活以鲜亮的生机。<br />
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后来,几位朋友建议他养花。盛三、张殿臣送来ー些,王建廷、侯木也送来ー 些,他们同情这个经济拮据的家庭,希望少看见他们一家人脸上的愁容。杨吉祥动 心了。受伤的手臂不能干重活,不妨种些花,一来好看,也能换些零钱花。<br />
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艺术之门是地狱之门。杨吉祥一旦迷上了养花,就像着了魔ー样。省下每ー 分勉强可以省下来的钱,去购买花木。为此,孩子们常年吃不上肉,穿不上新衣,上 不起学。杨吉祥却只管买各种养花专业书籍看。当他们刚刚有了几个钱时,夫妻 俩又决定出外求师学艺。<br />
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他们去了柳州,老花エ丁文琪教他们怎样加工石头,怎样配置木架,怎样不断 陶冶心灵,加深艺术造诣,做到美自心中出并寄于花木,并教他们怎样处理盆景的 粗细、内外、远近、幽显。为了开阔眼界,他们想方设法挤进了广州交易会。那里的 树桩盆景,深深地吸引了他们。榕树的、地柏的、罗汉松的、黄杨的和福建茶的,千 姿百态,引人入胜。后来又去福州,在西湖公园求教于老花工郑辛勤,技艺越发长 进了。回来的路上,他俩盯着窗外,从黎明看到黄昏。他们仔仔细细地看着每ー处 风景,品评着那意境、那特点、那味道。幽远的山,黛色的树林,大树的古老枯拙,新 竹的摇绿滴翠,每一座峰峦,每ー个岩洞,山村的竹篱和城镇的小楼,河里的帆船和 山壑的流泉,拱桥、绿地、陵墓,他们被大自然的美陶冶了,丰富了。<br />
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他们付出了辛勤的劳动,为了那些花。无论多么热的夏天,浇一两盆花总不过 是消遣;但是浇2000盆花,就得流下半瓢汗。如果是嫁接2000棵花,就能把一家 人累个半死!但是他们却毫不吝惜地付出了这些劳动。他们渐渐地积累了许多知 识,明白了月季在南方为什么开花那么小,牡丹在南方为什么不肯活,崎虫和介壳 虫怎么治,米兰为什么发黄,变叶木怎么培植……<br />
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他们有了一点小名气。<br />
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省委书记刘杰在接见他时说:“你的蜡梅盆景少,这种盆景别有韵致,若是出 ロ ,能换一大批外汇。”刘杰交代他任务:努力培植蜡梅盆景。<br />
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到哪里找梅根呢?左寻右访,终于打听到秦岭上有许多老梅树,父子俩便背了 20条麻袋,带着小锯、铁镐和小刀上路了。<br />
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那真是名不虚传的“难于上青天”的蜀道。他们上山时ー步步爬,下山时ー节 节蹭。在壁立的山崖上刨梅树,ー不小心就会跌下去摔死。但是,正因为险奇,这 里オ保存着古老的梅树,保留着美,平淡无奇的地方都被庸俗占去了。他们的唯一 乐趣就是这漫山遍野的蜡梅花,在高高的山上,在这冷浸浸的风里,香得那么峻奇 高雅,颜色那么峭拔不俗,深沉大方,<br />
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追求什么,便以什么为乐趣。<br />
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终于,他们的花圃建立起来了。多么美的盛景啊!春天,榆叶梅开着红花,含 笑开着白花,瓜叶菊的花蓝得迷人,粉红的绛桃和大红的碧桃争奇斗艳。红腾腾的 杜鹃,金黄的迎春、探春和金钟花都开了。它们在召唤春天,装点春天。高贵的牡 丹和美丽的芍药开过以后夏天到来了,四季桂、米兰、夏鹃、竹叶海棠像天仙妃子ー 样各逞风流。ー茬未败,另ー茬又开了。八月桂花,九月菊花、扶桑开得那么俊秀, 银绣球像雍容的贵夫人。即使是冬天,这里的花也五彩缤纷:蜡梅不消说了,仙客 来粉面含丹,蟹爪兰挂红披彩,绒墩墩的大岩桐,娇嫩的水仙。特别是那君子兰,丛 生的条形厚叶中间,盛开的花串好似ー团火,热情、大方、端庄、宁静,多像一位高洁 的君子!<br />
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为了这些花,除了省吃俭用之外,他们还借债4000多元。<br />
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美换来了赞叹,换来了钦佩,也招来了丑。<br />
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有人来“看看”,直爽地要走几盆花,虚伪些的并不开口,但只要主人说“想要 就端两盆吧”,他就拿着,一点儿也不客气。<br />
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本地和外地的干部来“参观拜访”了,也要几盆花作个“纪念” 〇<br />
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有的装作老熟人的样子,趁杨吉祥不在家,对女主人“大姐”长“大姐”短地叫 ー阵子,像没出五服似的,也得到了好处。<br />
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ー个卖瓜的骗去了 20多盆。<br />
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ー个派出所的开着摩托来,带走3盆扶桑。<br />
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1982年,杨吉祥的女儿做了一个不完全统计,被这样端走的花就价值两千 多元。<br />
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杨家人并不是小气的,他们也不是为了日后索债,是想知道一年共培植了多 少,大体有个数。他们那些被端走的花,有些是真心想送给人家的,那大多是熟人 好友,但好友又往往执意不要他们的花。大部分是不得不给。给三回五回可以,一 回不给就不行,说三道四,闲言碎语,难听极了。<br />
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有的说:“什么君子兰,几片叶子就像蜀黍叶似的,开ー朵花,就卖100块!”<br />
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有的说:“什么铁树,像个烂红薯疙瘩似的,长出几根叶就卖十几块,几根古里 古怪的梅花根就值那么多钱?”<br />
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“人家杨吉祥见着大官了,咱这样小干部人家理不着了。不就是养了点花 吗!”……<br />
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县人大常委会和妇联开会,为了布置会场,让杨吉祥搬来君子兰、铁树等花卉。 两个大会结束后,主持者叫杨收点钱,杨吉祥各收了 !5块钱。<br />
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县委副书记领ー名演员来赏花,原先说要两三盆花,后来一下子端走了 16盆, 其中有培育多年的名贵的君子兰、文竹、铁树等,总共值280多块。副书记说:“算 算,多少钱?开个条。”杨吉祥犹豫半天,有心不要,但价值实在太高了 ,他和这演员 素无交往;如果要,是不是抹了县委领导人的面子?想来想去,开了一个150块钱 的条子。县委不报销,转到文化局,文化局也不报销,又转到东关剧场……<br />
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去年,杨吉祥去看刘杰,主要谈谈培育梅花盆景问题,刘杰问起是否有人白拿 花,杨吉祥就如实地讲了一点情况。后来,《河南日报》将这次谈话的记录稿整理 发表了。<br />
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这三件事在襄城县引起了轩然大波。<br />
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“杨吉祥这小子,连油锅里的钱都敢抓!”<br />
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“他送给人家演员花,又要钱,有点不像话。”<br />
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“他是咱县的人,县里开大会用花,他还要钱!”<br />
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ー些机关干部经常围在ー起,以嘲笑的口吻说:“喂,谁拿人家专业户的花了? 咱可没拿。”<br />
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“这样的专业户是投机倒把,得罚。罚他万儿八千就行了。”<br />
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这种鼓噪越来越强,杨吉祥压カ很大。<br />
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打击ー个接ー个地来。<br />
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杨吉祥与刘杰的谈话,刺激了许多人虚伪卑鄙的面皮,他们恨不得把一切灾难 都加在杨吉祥身上。<br />
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整整一个春节,杨家是在巨大的压カ下度过的。到底犯了什么罪?有什么错? 从社会舆论到政法机关,全向一个无辜的专业户伸出了矛头。杨吉祥难过极了,他 知道什么叫县官不如现管了,他知道强龙不压地头蛇了。不就是向省委书记说了 几句实话吗?而且也没有告状的意思。于是,有人就受不了啦!似乎在那一片地 方,谁要当官,连这地方的每一条蚯蚓都是他的!他们喜欢权カ无限论,就像孩子 喜欢肉馅饼ー样。<br />
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一年四季,花儿还是那么美,杨吉祥不断地把美散布到四面八方,但留给他的 是忧愁和不安。他现在オ发现,自己这个专业户是这么脆弱,如同新出土的小嫩芽 ー样。钱如此可怕,难怪大家不敢富;美,如此不幸,难怪有追求的人必须向庸碌之 辈低三下四,借以求得他们的宽恕。这难道是正常的吗? “如果老这样下去,咱不 当这受罪的专业户了。”他要求护花神好好保护这些美丽的花和养花的人,唱ー出 新时代的《秋翁遇仙记》。<br />
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原野从未像现在这样充满生机。<br />
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看:草芽儿顽强地拱破坚硬的地皮,探出头来,借灿烂的阳光和温暖的春风神 奇地给自己披上绿装;耐了一冬风寒的大树也抖擞起精神来,黄河之水颠破迟化的 冰块,向着大海涌流;从大洋面上吹来的湿润的空气把沙漠里的红柳唤醒。变幻 着、蒸腾着、震荡着,于是,如此广袤的原野上出现了气压的峰和槽,风也就形成了。<br />
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社会和大自然惟妙惟肖。当春风掠过原野,回鸣山谷,搅动水波的时候,世界 上我们的这一部分也在动荡。没有形成カ偶的,正加速前行,这是时代的信使;形 成カ偶的,便成为旋风,所到之处,迫使每一片树叶都发出各自的声音……<br />
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风起了,起于青萍之末。<br />
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风,吹皱小商河浅浅的春水。在小商河旁边,是一座轮窑。窑的主人是魏富 根。这个小个子农民已经完全抛弃了土地,专门从事这个烧砖的事业了。他与临 颍县的ー个生产队订了合同,每年付给被吃土的生产队10980元,还答应给两个生 产队长各买ー辆自行车。<br />
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烧香引出鬼来!正当魏富根生意兴隆时,那两个全国最小的干部便最大限度 地使用起权カ来。他们轮番来“借”钱。小商河可以作证,高高的烟囱可以作证, 魏富根的同事可以作证:两个人,ー个借去红砖28200块,ー个拉去34000块,ー个 “借”800元,ー个“借” 1100多元。叫他们写个借条,不写。<br />
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这些土地之主没有尊重合同的习惯。这些人好像赌场的老板,无论谁发财都 得有他们ー份,因为你在他的地皮上。不然,就可以搞垮你。那么大一个轮窑,反 正你魏富根不能像蜗牛那样一下子背走。<br />
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于是,魏富根怕他们翻脸,委曲求全。他们得寸进尺,无底洞填不满。当魏富 根稍稍表示异议时,他们就发下话来:不准再朝下吃土 !<br />
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这等于叫这砖窑停エ。<br />
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他们又在本来平坦的土地上堆了一些小土堆,说不定这些假坟墓ー个要勒索 多少钱呢?！<br />
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工商业的发展面临着封建势カ的阻拦。<br />
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魏富根常常站在杨再兴的墓前想来想去。抗金名将杨再兴在众寡悬殊的情况 下战死在这里了。魏富根不怕上边,上边就是变,也得有个说法,至少得作个价オ 能归公吧！但他怕这眼前的祸。他自己一个人,无兄无弟,身小力薄,人家那边户 大兵多,哥哥当着大队支部副书记。不用说:“此诚不可与争锋”。难道他也要像 杨再兴那样,战死在这小商河边吗?那么他就把这烟囱留下,当作纪念碑,告诉人 们,是什么力量扼杀了离开土地的人的生命……<br />
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风,既然是风,便不会只吹向一个地方。<br />
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许昌地区有一个卖梨膏糖的,领了执照,按月及时交纳税款,每月35元。后来 见他生意挺好,税干部不高兴了,叫他补交税款500元。业主请这位没头脑的干部 喝了一次酒,税干部高兴了,把税款减为200元。不久,他又叫业主为他弄些盖房 用的檀条,业主作难,税干部不高兴,又要升为500元,于是业主赶快为他置办齐了 送去,他又高兴了。后来,税干部又看上了人家姑娘,想让这姑娘做他的儿媳,业主 不同意,税干部不高兴了,税款又升到500元……<br />
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有一个动画片叫《没头脑和不高兴》。中国有许多没头脑的人,偏偏他们又随 时随地地不高兴,这可怎么得了 ！<br />
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听ー听这里的风声吧,多么阴森凄冷！宜阳县个体户冯电哲因派给他的补税 金额太重,不去参加县统战会（冯有重要亲属在外）,让其妻王粉娇说明情况。税 务所长训她:“那个冯电哲,你告到统战部也不中,统战部是管和尚庙和基督教的 （简直是胡说八道！）。它啥单位?你过去是反革命家属,现在至少也是坏蛋家属。 不怕你冯电哲万元户,你有经济实カ,却没有政治实カ（注意!）,你有一万二,我罚 你ー万三,非把你弄垮不可「’这个所的会计对他说:“叫你交多少就得交多少,不 能问,ー问罚20元。”冯每月交税I91元,现在又叫他重交3822元,他觉得没法活 了,就喝了毒药氯丙嗪（幸未死）。<br />
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风刮得不小啊!这ー场风过,河南省仅工商个体户,一下子就减少了 8万,占 总数的百分之20%! 一有风吹草动,有些人就推波助澜,企图扭转乾坤。<br />
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风吹到北京来。一位副部长把一大堆交通事故的照片朝桌上一推,发开了脾 气,怨运输专业户多了,压死人了云云。这时,河南省委调研室的一位干部立即奋 起驳斥:“是的,找这样三十五十的事例不难,中国的事就是这样,干什么都能找到 论据。但是,你怎么不计算一下比例?到底是国营的出事故多,还是个人的多?据 我所知,专业户对自己的车是爱惜备至的,每误ー个エ时,每出一次事故,对他们损 失都很大。河南的事实是,运输专业户出车祸的比例很小。中国农民过去那么苦, 现在好不容易富起来了,这难道不是进步吗?交通部门谁关怀他们啦?有什么资 格这样谴责人家……”<br />
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谁能够走到生活的真实中去,倾听一下那私下里的议论,就会发现,争论和生 机在那原野上一起滋长。让这种生机发展下去,把问题争论清楚。不然,那青萍之 末的风有可能酿成折楫摧桅的飓风,至少,它也会使杜陵的庄稼“禾穗未熟皆 青干”。<br />
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金字塔将变为绿地。乡村又一次在包围城市。<br />
河流不睬池塘的悲哀,继续向大海流去。<br />
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原野在呼唤:历史上不存在至高无上的东西……<br />
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啊,我们的原野从来没有像今天这样“高产”,它不仅创造出数量巨大的物质 财富,也在创造着思想。动荡着、发展着、交错着、斗争着,那里有动人的音响,绚丽 的色彩,栩栩如生的英雄和小丑,也有美妙的诗和深刻的潜台词……虽然是序幕, 但这序幕是如此的辉煌!我们今天的原野已经迫使人们不能再对它熟视无睹了。<br />
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静下心来,捡ー块葱绿的草坡坐下,聆听一下原野的声音吧。它告诉我们:陶 令笔下的桃花源已经不再是中国农民的至美的憧憬,许多概念,诸如家庭、劳动、私 有财产、个人利益等等,都应当得到新的评议。我们应当在这种新的评议中找到ー 把钥匙,无数的事实告诉人们:我们所以能够吃得上饭并不是由于屠户、面包师和 酿酒工人的仁慈,而是他们出于自身利益的考虑。“让每一个社会成员去追求他自 <br />
己的最大利益吧,我从未见过那些假借为别人谋利之名的人做出了多大贡献。”这 话,亚当・斯密早就说过了。<br />
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但经济学已经不只是亚当・斯密和凯恩斯所在的国家的学科,中国的乡村在 为其提供新的东西。英国人以圈地的方法把牧民赶出绿色的草地,从而使英格兰 的纺织厂得到了大批工人,我们却以如此自然的、健康的、人道的方式使亿万农民 从乡间的阡陌上走出来,加入了现代社会的潮流。我不知道一帮人为什么对这样 伟大的变革老是喋喋不休地斥责和攻击!<br />
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一本写在原野上的《政治经济学》告诉我们:商品经济必须在自由的空气中オ 能顺利发展,正所谓“相濡以沫,未若相忘江湖也”。西方工商业是在摆脱了农奴 制的束缚,在封建行会不能控制的地方发展起来的;中国自战国以后工商业的发展 就超过了西方的相应时期,之所以最终又落后了,主要是封建制度这位大爷过于专 横和愚蠢。宋人石介在《石徂徘集》中说:“国家之禁,疏密不得其中矣。”政治和经 济不应是爷孙,而应当是夫妻,可惜这样的爷爷在我们的原野上还很多,那些控制 着多大地盘就把这里的每一条蚯蚓都视为己有的“领主们”,在为所欲为地打击压 制新的经济幼苗,在虐待他的“妻子”,使她手足无措。那些有了固定的私有财富 也便有了硬化的思想的人,总是企图削平任何形式的山包,以便他在ー马平川上纵 横跋扈。但历史的潮流注定了这样ー个趋势:金字塔将变为草地一绿色的、鲜活 的、承受着阳光也为自然提供财富的草地。<br />
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在那片原野上,站出了一批人物,这是ー个天天都在增长的巨大的数字。他们 从原野上走出来了,变为企业家,变为商人,变为新的教育工作者和艺术工作者。 在他们身上,我们看到了被压抑的胆量、智慧和才华如此汹涌地迸发出来,当千百 万这样的人物被承认之后,他们所叫出来的声音,所带出来的经验,将模糊这些界 限,同时也廓清许多认识,并开拓许多新的领域。先知先觉者从原野上将得到的最 大恩赐就是:农民问题不再是他们难以处理的沉重的包袱,而是ー只巨大的储 油箱。<br />
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原野上的景象如此激动人心,不是因为家家有了收音机,不是出了一批万元 户,而是体制的改变。你看,他们把大豆做成腐竹,把红薯制成酒精,将水果加工成 罐头,将饲料变成猪鸭鸡兔。于是,商品的涓涓细流在原野上汇集了,火车、汽车、 商贩的摩托和推销员的三寸不烂之舌,把这些细流引入城市,又把城市的东西带回 乡村,商品使整个社会像网ー样联结起来。这个商品的浪潮又和大洋的那边连在 ー起,许多农民的产品打入了国际市场。农民的工厂正以独具的优势同国营企业 竞争。自然经济正在向商品经济过渡,中国社会经济的素质在悄悄地向文明方向 变化。乡村又一次包围城市了!各种势カ都在对此表态。于是,池塘悲哀地哭了 起来,它容易满足,又不肯流动,宁愿腐败也不愿丢失什么,所以它骂流动的河水浅 薄、粗鲁,还危言耸听地告诉人们:河水泛滥了可扬不得帆!但河流仍然欢唱着,人 们仍然在上面扬帆航运,撒网捕鱼。池塘也咒骂大海,因为流水奔向了它,充实了 它。大海以巨大的胃口囊括了巨大的财富。大海不动声色,它总是那么幽深,那么 博大,那么信心十足。<br />
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原野上的波涛真的在拍打古老的城墙了,新鲜的空气正诱惑着城墙里面昏昏 欲睡的人们。许多人处在进的担忧和退的惶惧之中,他们为了不让树枝划破头皮 而宁肯做ー个侏儒。但新的经济,新的思想,新的人和新的体制正在顽强地生长。 伟大的难产可能诞生一个辉煌的婴儿。听吧,原野在高声呼唤我们:“放开你的步 子,写一部新的《创业史》。历史上不存在至高无上的东西,只有创造オ是神 圣的！”<br />
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（原载《报告文学》1984年第6期）<br />
热血男儿<br />
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李士非<br />
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满腔的热血已经沸腾。<br />
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《国际歌》<br />
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ー、能见到袁庚吗?<br />
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在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天,蛇口エ业区和它的领导人袁庚,名扬国内外,越 来越引人注目。<br />
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但是,我接受写袁庚的任务,未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他,手头也没有 积累多少关于他的资料,而且听说采访他很困难:他是香港招商局常务副董事长 （人们因此亲切地称他为袁董）,大部分时间在香港,每到蛇口,都忙得不可开交, 实在抽不出时间接受采访。但是,过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观,听过介绍,看 过录像,袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣,接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口 来,这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。“能见到袁庚吗?”“即使见不到袁庚也要写!”所谓 “冒险”,无非是写不出或写不好,个人面子不好看罢了,比起袁庚和他的朋友们从 事改革所冒的风险,简直是微不足道的。<br />
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仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气,到这里待ー些日子也是值得的。<br />
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“如果你只能待很短的时间,我劝你趁早打退堂鼓,不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆 辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意,开弓没有回头箭,退堂鼓是 不好打的。<br />
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二、夜访梁宪<br />
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在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口,袁庚出国去了,说是7月底或8月初 才能回来。最了解他的ー个人,东江纵队时期就和他ー起工作,现任蛇口工业区顾 <br />
问的许智明,到澳大利亚探亲去了,归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同, “时间就是金钱,效率就是生命”,白天工作紧张,找人谈话很难,晚上访问也要事 先约定,因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰 上袁庚的儿子袁中印,《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意,他马 上说:“有什么好写的?这么多人写过了,要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受 了乃父的影响,不大欢迎采访。“慢慢来吧,我一定要找你的。”我心里说。<br />
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多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙,约定了 一天晚上9点钟去访问エ业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人,穿过海 滨花园,沐着海风,经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边,漫步走向梁宪的住 处。早已听说,他!962年毕业于中山大学外语系,是梁宗岱教授的高足,对法国文 学很有研究。果然,ー见之下,我就感到他是ー个充满艺术气质的人。<br />
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他掏出港币,买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客,然后和我们谈笑风生。<br />
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“你们是文人,我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人,她在中央戏剧学 院教书。我对她说:你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的,但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。 中国像你们这样的文人太多,像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一 句英语,“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙,黄虹坚ー时也 没反应过来,陈宜浩翻译说:“他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑 起来。<br />
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梁宪大学毕业的时候,老百姓正在饿肚子,大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法 国文学的尖子,后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作,比袁庚晚半 年多一点。袁庚很器重他,有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。<br />
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“我去香港的时候,老婆说:最怕你没骨气,没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是 有的,外派干部只要有一点热血,就不是追求几大件,而是感到抬不起头来!<br />
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“刚到香港,每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐,ー串串的,海上漂着偷渡者的尸 体,我们不能忍受,啪一声把电视关了。<br />
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“我们国内建设搞不好,连ー些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们, 心里真难受呀。所以,我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过:’我之所以这么干,是 为了实现我入党时的初衷。’”<br />
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一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿,梁宪又概括地说:<br />
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“我熟悉的人当中,有两个热血男儿,ー个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛,ー个就是 袁庚!”<br />
<br />
好一个“热血男儿” !这个词太恰当了,把这两个人相提并论太好了,我不禁<br />
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怦然心动,觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。<br />
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也真巧,比我年长20岁的刘任涛,是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第 一流的眼科专家,共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长,曾为刘伯承元帅安过义 眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》,改行当了电影编剧,“文化大革命”中在珠 影被诬为“历史反革命”,打断五根肋骨,投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动 期间,他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明,不顾自己的政治处境,不顾没 有任何医疗条件,决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他:“万一失败,你就 是阶级报复,就会重进监狱。”他不听,他终于成功了。“作为医生,我拯救了我的 灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀,立下遗嘱:死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢 复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
<br />
刘任涛和袁庚,经历和事业完全不同,但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身 精神,是多么相似呵!我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚,觉得对袁庚也开始熟 悉了。<br />
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三、“冒险家”<br />
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刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障,要冒风险。袁 庚在蛇口进行改革,要冒更大的风险:两年之前,不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影 地攻击经济特区嘛!<br />
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但是,时代毕竟不同了,今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月 9日,胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区,袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆,和总书记有一 段精彩的对话。<br />
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袁庚:关于改革问题,现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看,凡是搞改革 的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法,最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变 法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪,改良主义,结果六君子被 杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革,我想不会落得前人这样 的下场,我们是在党的领导下进行的,不会有问题吧,我们值得冒这个险!<br />
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胡耀邦:过去的改革是下层少数人去改,领导者、统治者是压制的。现在 不同,我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改,现在和过去根本不同嘛!<br />
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袁庚:我们感到,我们的干部是不大怕群众的,只怕顶头上司,怕上司不喜 欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说,我每次来蛇口,ー上码头,前呼后 拥的,下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒,就会忘乎所以,久而久之, 就不怕群众,不怕下级,因为群众、下级撤不了我的职,我只怕交通部,怕顶头 上司,只有他们才能撤我的职。<br />
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所以,群众监督干部,群众有权选举和罢免干部,这至关重要。我们这里 想搞个改革试点,管委会由群众选举产生,每年投一次信任票,如果不信任票 超过半数,管委会就得改选,个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公 开的、直接的,由群众投票选举的领导班子,就会想群众之所想,急群众之所 急,就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手,就有人自动送礼 上门,如果头脑不清醒,不能自律,就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装 懂,诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部,我相信可以改变一下干部的结 构和干部的作风。我们想做这样ー个不太小的改革,准备冒一点风险。<br />
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胡耀邦:（点头）好!很好!<br />
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袁庚:总书记说了好,我们就记录在案,马上打报告这样做。<br />
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胡耀邦:（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿,在哪 ー出戏里我忘记了,讽刺官僚主义者,他不敢骂台上的官,只敢骂戏台上堂前 的鼓。有一段唱词说:“一棵大树腹中空,两头都是皮儿绷,每天上堂敲三下, R卜咚ゆ咚又ゆ咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛!（全场大笑）<br />
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党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印,想到ー块去了,这在蛇口的发 展史上,是应当大书特书的。<br />
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1983年4月24日,选举产生了蛇口エ业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22 日,按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票?组干处处长虞 德海说:“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的,信任票不足半数就 得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决,一定要搞信任投票。” 投票结果,管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数,袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上,全 部投票公开,任人查阅,尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐,如“某某能力低”“某某 不堪信任”之类,也不加掩饰。<br />
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这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。<br />
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四、“那里不肯放,就辞职!”<br />
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选举产生领导班子,定期举行信任投票,这是袁庚深思熟虑的ー项决定。他深<br />
深感到,不改革干部制度,不改变干部结构,任何改革都无从谈起,“四化”也只是 一句空话。<br />
<br />
有的领导干部,居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人:“你们大学建多大的桥?” 问来访的美国客人:“英国人讲英语,你们美国人讲什么语?”还有人向中央领导同 志汇报他到香港考察的收获:“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯!”如此等等,令人 啼笑皆非。这样的干部,怎能担当建设“四化”的重任!<br />
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蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地）,指挥部只有 二十多个干部的时候,袁庚就开始考虑如何培育ー支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命 化的干部队伍。1981年,他排除阻カ,毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班,从全国 各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说,“我是个冒险家,为了蛇口的改革,我从 全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。<br />
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当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员,委托交通部下属的交通科 学院情报所代为主持,在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、 江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。<br />
<br />
王潮梁!938年出生于江苏无锡,1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计 专业。早在1958年,他就参考外国的资料,在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫 原理,并和同学们一道造出了样品,在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对 飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是,在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年 代,几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机エ厂飞机设 计室任产品主管设计员,那时生产要听驻厂军代表的,而军代表只相信苏联专家和 苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料,翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂, 即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂,也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚 子气,却毫无办法。岁月如流,王潮梁搞了 17年飞机设计,却看到我们的飞机エ业 比印度还落后;又研制了四年的飞翔船,却看不到一艘飞翔船下水,那种壮志难酬 的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会,唯一的名额给了业务上 根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培 训班招生的广告时,他兴奋极了,“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方,去!”立刻把广告 剪下来,郑重地贴在本子上。<br />
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他第一个走进考场,第一个走出考场。笔试、面试,成绩优良。主持考试的情 报所林鸿慈同志下了结论:这是个人才,录取！<br />
<br />
但是,在中国有一个很大的矛盾:生产资料是全民所有制,干部却是单位私有 制。ー个单位可以把ー个或ー批人才冷藏ー辈子<br />
<br />
长江航运科研所不肯放人。<br />
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198I年11月,袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他,向他汇 报了招生的情况,特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。<br />
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袁庚很激动。<br />
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“小王是不是党员?”<br />
<br />
“不是。”<br />
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“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量,开个头,那里不肯放,就辞职!我这 里收。最多就是人家去告状,最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先 例。告到国务院,我们就把这个同志的情况报上去,中央领导会支持我们。新华社 社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开’干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人 在单位不充分发挥作用,又不让调,这个局面不打开是不成的!”<br />
<br />
林鸿慈被袁庚打动了,写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁,同时通过各种渠道 去做说服、疏通工作。终于,用不着王潮梁辞职,单位同意放人了。1982年,王潮 梁来到蛇口工业区。<br />
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五、企业管理研究生<br />
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1982年12月的一天晚上,ー个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
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这是一次事先约定的会见。<br />
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年轻人叫余昌民,刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清 华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生,工作了八九年,深感中国企业管理的弊病 太多,1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年, 专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息,《读卖新闻》为 此发了专稿,登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了,干什么好呢?学校建议他到国家 经委属下的中国企业研究协会去,这当然是个专业对口的美差,但是在武汉工作的 爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候,蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。他每星期上街 去买《深圳特区报》,得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝,如饥似渴地加以研 究。不难判断,蛇口エ业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去!决心下定了,系 里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会,经朋友介绍,他就来登门拜访了。<br />
<br />
会面的一瞬间,两个人互相观察了一下。<br />
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“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗?穿件中式棉袄,和一般的老干部没啥差别,不 是想象中的那个改革家的模样,而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真 的值得?”<br />
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真正的一闪念,没容余昌民多想,袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
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谈话开门见山。<br />
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“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里?”<br />
<br />
“在于体制。”<br />
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“对了!”袁庚兴奋起来,侃侃而谈,“上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦,说 他们要一千人,劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用,那七百是搭配的闲人,你再要, 就再搭配,再多余,反正是大锅饭,大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了,还说这是社会主义 的优越性!这样,工厂冗员越来越多,工厂成了小社会,在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的, 形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ,败坏着我们的民族素质!这样的体制不改革,我们 就没有出路!”<br />
<br />
“我的ー篇论文,提出了企业的素质问题。”<br />
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“有何高见?”<br />
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“素质,好比基本作用,像女排,形成了她们的基本作风,就有战斗カ。”<br />
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“就把ー个企业比作球队吧,假如你是教练,别人随便塞人给你,你怎么办?”<br />
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“我不要。”<br />
<br />
“不要不行!”<br />
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“那我不干。”<br />
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“对了,就得这样。”<br />
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一老ー少,越谈越投机,彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处ー闪而过的那点 疑虑也完全打消了。<br />
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“我们这里可要冒点风险。”<br />
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“正因为这样オ要去,建设好了还去干什么?”<br />
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“你个人有什么要求?”<br />
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“只要求家属ー起去。”<br />
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“这个我们来办。”<br />
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两个月后,余昌民父亲去世,回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化,系里要留他。 企业管理系刚刚建立,工作需要,理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚 飞往蛇口,收不回来了。<br />
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1983年3月,袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客,系里派余昌民随行。系 领导的目的,是让校长对余昌民有个印象,说服他留下来,同时出面解决他家属的 户ロ问题。<br />
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谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口,袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有,余昌 民暗示要做刘达的工作。<br />
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余昌民再一次请求:“校长,让我来蛇口吧。”<br />
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“系里要我帮忙留你,我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。<br />
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袁庚一再要求支持:“刘达同志,把小余给我们吧,我们迫切需要企业管理的专 门人才。”<br />
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刘达心动了。这位参加过“ー二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
<br />
回去后,余昌民给系里写了报告,对系里的教育培养表示感谢,说明清华企业 管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设,这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都 至关重要。<br />
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问题迎刃而解。7月,夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。<br />
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当余昌民到エ业区大楼报到的时候,在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉 着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口,边走边说:“你是研究企业管理的,你先熟悉ー 下情况,有把握了再谈工作……”<br />
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袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信,其中有一段话:<br />
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关于小余的事,同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失ー小余,无妨 大局,蛇口得之,如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下,エ业区将受其惠。<br />
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重感情的刘达,把这封信送给了余昌民,让他留作永久的纪念。<br />
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六、星期天的早晨<br />
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星期天早晨8点钟,顾立基刚起床,洗了脸,正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同 学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的,大家都熬了夜,现在让他们多睡一会儿 吧。顾立基轻手轻脚,唯恐弄出一点声音来。<br />
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“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗?”<br />
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门外传来ー个声音。顾立基一看,走廊上站着ー个六十多岁的老人和一个 姑娘。<br />
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“我就是顾立基,您是?”<br />
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“我是袁庚,蛇口的袁庚〇”老人首先伸出手来,“这是我女儿尼亚,她不放心我 的身体,一定要陪我来,其实我的身体还可以。你看,骑了半小时车子,轻松愉快。”<br />
<br />
顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 他深受感动。<br />
<br />
“我们到楼下谈吧,同学们还在睡觉。”<br />
<br />
楼下有一张靠背长椅,三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨,不冷不热,阳光和煦, 轻风拂面,校园一片宁静的气氛。<br />
<br />
“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会?”<br />
<br />
“是的,现在会员有一千多人了,成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。”<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长?”<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊,”顾立基笑了, “我是说过想当厂长,为此还惹过ー些麻 烦呢。”<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦?”<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。”<br />
<br />
“岂有此理!想当个厂长是什么野心!’不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’,这 是拿破仑说的还是谁说的? 一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对!”<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的,但是我感到中国更需要管理人才,所以主动旁听了企业管理 系研究生的全部课程。”<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧,我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班,要培养大量的管理人才。”<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像,我的心就动了,只是还没下定决心。”<br />
<br />
“现在呢?”<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了,去蛇口。”<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗?”<br />
<br />
有什么困难? 1982年的初夏,社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的,有人在 报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界,影射特区有变成租界的危险,造成一股无形的压 力,因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些,可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的 人在ー起,冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去,下属工厂任他挑选,这 些,对他有一定的吸引力。他自从!967年中学毕业,1968年进上海印染机械修配 厂,十年中当过锅炉エ、车エ、錠エ、钳エ、电エ,当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不 惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为,1974年顾立基和他们争吵过ー 次,挨了批斗,却受到工人们的同情,和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要 毕业了 ,朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查,他是材料组的负责 人,如果不来上大学,早就走上领导岗位了,现在回去,工作安排是不成问题的。但 是,陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大,他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的 是,母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房,姐妹们都在外地,母亲 希望他留在身边,爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口,使他动了感情,他滔 滔不绝地发起议论来。<br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办ー个工业区 呢?为了在那块地方搞改革,搞全面的改革,从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度,都 要改,不改就没有出路。过去三十年,极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。 1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候,海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体,都是青年,他们为什 么要跑?因为我们穷!<br />
<br />
“’四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’,越搞跑的人越多。ー些村子的青壮年几乎跑 光了,真叫人欲哭无泪!蛇口对面就是香港的元朗,相隔只有6000米,晴天能看到 它的高楼,它就是在我们’十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了, 必须把经济搞上去,这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公 里,对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛,我们改革成功了,对全国就有很大 的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛,无伤大局。当然,我们一定要尽最大的 努力,争取成功,避免失败。我们这ー代人是老了,当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时 候,时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……”<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动,身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚,望 着自己的父亲,眼睛也有点热了……<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来,当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书,1984年4月被聘为 办公室主任。<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚,因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口,听说顾立基6日 ー早要去香港,5日晚我去登门拜访。<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告,我为 了听这个报告,推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的,谁都可以听,欢迎你去。”ー见面 顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗?”<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难,他在蛇口不会待太久,一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告, 你最好陪他回宿舍ーー他儿子的住处,或者宾馆,这样边走边谈,可以谈十来分 钟……”<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗?<br />
<br />
不管怎样,先听听他的报告再说吧。<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半,袁庚的报告准时开始。<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影,大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。 今天这个会也叫新闻发布会,街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂,基本上坐满 了,放眼望过去,都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。<br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上, 顾立基主持大会。<br />
<br />
ー开始,袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕,只讲个把钟头。”<br />
<br />
人们笑了,其实怕的是他讲得太短。<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问,历时23天,访问了 4个国家、16个公司、18个城市,从新加坡 开始,往西到英国,再到美国、日本,整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处,受到隆重的、 破格的接待,我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们 四个人,而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化,在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到 做蛇口人的光荣。”<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张,出国访问要花自己的钱,花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、 软弱的地位。这次出访,他们带了 20万美金的信用卡,足够用了,所到之处都坚持 这个原则,唯独在新加坡失灵了。那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系,但新加 坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检,从飞机场ー直送到最高级的香格里拉大 酒店,袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前,这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫 人;在他之后,住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨）,每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观 什么项目,全部满足要求。临走结账时,酒店经理说:“在你们到来之前,已经有人 付了全部费用。”<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁,英国老板们在海员罢エ浪潮的 冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们,给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深 刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说:“我们原打算3年之内种植 20万株月季,把蛇口建成玫瑰之城,现在看来太落后了……”<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国,主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡,大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔,华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民,交给他一把金钥匙。女 市长在宴会上说:“我是百分之百的中国人,也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说:“我 很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判,就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过, “在经济问题上,兄弟无情,六亲不认!何况是与外国人谈判「’<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前,有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过 的曲折。<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日,袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件,大家听了很高兴,但我们不要高兴得过早。不 要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了,但官僚主义、 红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事,还是有的。例如我们正在谈判 的浮法玻璃厂,到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃,为什么不准我们用 最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ?最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局 交涉。她们去的时候,人家一口答应,讲你们回去好了,但等我们企业室派人带合 同去盖章的时候,又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干,他们讲:‘你们派了记 者、作家来,我敢不答应吗?弄得不好,你们要写报告文学,写内参,我受得了 吗,？……”<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨,交涉了九个月,オ过了国内这ー关。<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判,当然不可能用这么长的时间,但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想 而知的。<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂,简直是一座玻璃城!它生产各式各样 的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃,用25磅大锤从20米外打去,地皮都震动了,玻璃却安 然无恙。我们和美国合资,投资ー亿美元,引进一座同样的エ厂,买他的专利,以后 我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点,集中在每年所付专利费 占销售总额的百分比上。<br />
<br />
美方要6%,我们还价4% 〇<br />
<br />
美方降到5%,我们加到4.5%。<br />
<br />
寸利必争,形成僵局。<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。<br />
<br />
“先生们,我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针,2000年前发明了火药,全人类 <br />
都在享受这些伟大的成果,可是他们从来没有要过什么专利,我们作为后代从来没 有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋,而是觉得光荣。请问各位,那时候你们的祖先在哪 里?恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前,是不是毛特别多……”<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前,一个个咧嘴笑了。<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕,我的意思不是不付专利费,而是要求公平合理r’<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格,坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们,说不 定会抗议呢!“你骂我们的祖先,是可忍,孰不可忍ド’<br />
<br />
终于达成协议:4.75%,为期!0年。<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进ー个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂,专利 费是5% ,时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处,绝不能走 美国的路!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退,エ业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走,他们还 有点生气,现在停滞不前了。<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方,转移到太平洋 沿岸。<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了,现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈,今天 下午四点半ー踏上蛇口码头,就感到无比的清新,感到ー草一木都非常亲切。<br />
<br />
“10月1日,蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话,那是大家的 功劳！<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的,思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上,我们ー定要 赶上和超过他们!”<br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时,宣布散会了,大家意犹未尽。<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了,我放弃了跟上去的打算。<br />
<br />
ハ、“搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
8月7日,袁庚开了一整天会,据说8日也不会有空,而9日ー早又要回香港 了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上,我给他写了一封信,说明这一次 如果不能和他交谈,我将等待,直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨,我把这封信 交给了エ业区党委副书记乔胜利,请他转交。<br />
<br />
8日上午,我到办公大楼访问王潮梁,两人刚坐下来,办公室副主任黄振超匆<br />
<br />
匆忙忙地叫我:“袁董回来了,快去见他!”<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉,说明另改时间,急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的,中间隔着大块的透明玻璃,老远就看 见了袁庚,他手里正拿着一大摞文件。<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候,黄振超在旁边向他说明:“只是见见面,不会占你很多 时间。”<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说:<br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的?来搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了,而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。我 知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。梁宪说过,前几年在北京开会,有一天袁庚 看了张洁的小说《爱,是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章,问他:“你认识这个作家 吗?咱们把她请到蛇口去!”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所 了解的,“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。<br />
<br />
我也笑着说:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋,要写你和蛇口。”<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下,舒服地往藤椅上一靠,摆出了准备 谈ー阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好,这里问题多得 很,改革每前进ー步都要经过斗争,到处充满着矛盾。”<br />
<br />
我说:“正是这一点吸引了我。”<br />
<br />
“ー个国家没有民主是不行的,而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。 我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国,政治家演说,群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿 扔他,他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的,但这ー套对巩固资产阶级的统 治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底,孙中山是 想搞民主的,他死得太早,没搞成。中华民族是伟大的,但是历史的包袱太重了。”<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿,她在美国学企业管理,谈起来也说:在 美国深有感慨,感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重〇<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族,就没有什么框框,我在报告会上也说了,他们的总督牌香烟广 告有一句口号是’想做就去做’,这句话香港也接受不了,译成’应做就去做’〇当 然,想干什么就干什么是不行的,但我们许多应干的事却干不成。”<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历,他扼要地做了回答,着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命” 中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时,这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来,<br />
<br />
微笑着站在那里不动,我知道是催他去开会,我们的谈话该结束了。<br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志,我们马上又赶到 太子宾馆,和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢,对监狱内外情形 都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说:<br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨,出来就蔦儿了,可是他不,他的劲头反而更大了。”<br />
<br />
我心里说:这オ是袁庚!<br />
<br />
过了几天,乔胜利对陈宜浩说:“袁董看了我的信,答应下次回来再和我谈。” 可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。<br />
<br />
8月25日上午,我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息,急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联 系。但是太迟了,他过了中午又要回香港,而上午的时间已经排满,就在和我通话 的时候,他不得不放下电话去开门。他说:<br />
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“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧,不要紧的,我们没有秘密。”<br />
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我没有准备电话采访,ー时想不齐全,只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字, 他ーー做了回答:“这些也要发表吗?”我说:“不一定发表。”他说:“发表也没关系, 那天我讲话外国人也听了。”<br />
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我说:“将来排出校样,送给你看看好吗?免得事实有出入。”<br />
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“不必了。不要什么都审查,出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的,难免出点差 错。捅点娄子也不要紧。”<br />
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“好了,谢谢您。”<br />
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“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。<br />
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一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观,来到铝材厂门口时,他向学 员们介绍:这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人,23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起 来,大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停エ,ー个工人从高处摔下来受了伤,他的哥哥跑 过去看了看,见弟弟没有生命危险,便又回去干活了。<br />
<br />
袁庚说:“日本不富没有天理!中国改革不富也没有天理!”<br />
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现在我想说:蛇口的改革不成功没有天理!<br />
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九、大鹏魂<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚,魁梧、潇洒,兼有外交家和实业家的风度,具有一种吸引人的魅 カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢?<br />
拨开历史的迷雾,我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。<br />
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他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园,算 是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。<br />
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1935年,他毕业于广州广雅中学,随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测 量员,他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校,陈济棠下台后,这家军校成了国民党中央军 校的分校。在学校里,袁庚是活跃的足球门将,练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕 业,他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官,ー个个腐化不堪,对民族危亡无动于衷,便愤 然回到故乡大鹏镇,担任第一小学校长,同时兼任地方自卫队教官。<br />
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学校是国民党办的,自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的,但是学校和自卫队中都有 中共地下党员。<br />
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戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚,在当地是ー个重要人物,三种政治力量对他都很 重视。<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文,和他住到ー起,亲自考察他。<br />
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革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
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1939年3月27日,袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党,从这ー 天起,他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。<br />
<br />
当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党 的漫画,刺痛了国民党区党部,他的处境变得危险了,党组织于!939年冬天把他转 移到党领导的抗日游击队,从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子, 像大鹏ー样展翅高飞了。<br />
<br />
抗日战争期间,美军作为盟军,在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组,担任东纵联 络处处长的袁庚,和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示,东纵和美 军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报,对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。<br />
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日寇投降时,英军远在缅甸,ー个海军少将只率领ー营人乘航空母舰赶到香 港。他的兵力不足以维持治安,要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央,中 央复电:为了对付国民党的内战阴谋,坚决撤离港九地区;同时要求在香港设立联 络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判,袁庚不辱使命,漂亮地完成了任务,并成为驻 香港办事处的第一任主任,这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能 想到,历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折,二十多年后,这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。<br />
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十、秦城监狱<br />
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1968年4月6日,袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家,到机关去上班。北京的4月 初,春寒料峭,风沙迷眼,加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报,形成一片肃杀气氛,使袁 庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作,刚告一段落,还来不及喘口气, 就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息,他于愤 懑中保持着镇定。<br />
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回到办公室不久,有人通知:“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门,看到 除部长之外,还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长,面孔板得像 ー座木雕。<br />
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“袁庚,你被捕了!”<br />
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下午,机关召开大会,部长在会上宣布:“袁庚是美国特务,已经依法逮捕。”袁 庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和 刘丹ー,互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周 总理安全的情景,记忆犹新,那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间,周旋于华侨社会 之中,眼睛熬红了,人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场,天理何在?!<br />
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与此同时,汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中,勒令交出所有的钥匙,开始抄家。 翻箱倒柜,从下午抄到天黑,然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时,オ发现三个 孩子被关在门外不准进家,左邻右舍也不敢收留,孩子们在抹眼泪……<br />
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从此以后,袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里,也不知是死是 活,到哪里打听都说不知道。!969年,汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校,孩 子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”,但作为“反革命家属”， 她只能干最脏最累的活,如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎,痛得胳膊抬 不起来,医生建议回北京治疗,干校就是不准。直到!972年初夏,她的大孩子中印 就要下乡插队了,她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服,打点行装,オ被批准。<br />
<br />
1972年7月,袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后,有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去 探监。“他还活着,他还活着!”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。<br />
<br />
汪宗谦心酸地发现,袁庚行走困难,说话声音也变了,而且他不知道当时是何 年何月！<br />
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原来监狱里日夜亮着灯,犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替,失去了时间的概念;<br />
睡觉时只准脸朝外,一条腿总是压在下边,时间长了造成萎缩;长期不讲话,声带都 沙哑了。<br />
<br />
我曾经听说,袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西,只有放风时在天井里看到 墙根的小草。问他是不是这样,他说:<br />
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“不,还有蚂蚁,我对蚂蚁很有研究。”<br />
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这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量!<br />
<br />
汪宗谦见过了袁庚,就为救他而奔走了。<br />
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“没见他不知道他死活,既然知道他还活着,我就怕他死了!问题还没搞清,死 了孩子们都得背黑锅呀!他住在楼上,要到楼下的天井放风,上下都很辛苦,我到 中央接待站去上访,请求把他搬到楼下来,这个要求被接受了。”<br />
<br />
袁庚搬到楼下的ー间房,发现席子底下有一团花白的头发,他判断这里关过ー 个五十多岁的女同志。后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事,王光美 说:“没错,正是我住过的那间房。”<br />
<br />
袁庚出狱,已是1973年9月30日,整整关了 5年半。<br />
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在狱中,睡觉时只要一转身,看守就在外边敲门。夜晚,敲门声常常把人惊醒。 袁庚回到家里,刚一入睡就惊醒了,这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年,这种心悸 病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能,却用了更长的时间。每天,汪宗谦搀 着袁庚,ー步,ー步,慢慢地走,越走越远,越走越快,走了一年之久,两条腿オ恢复 了平衡。<br />
<br />
更可悲的是,有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子,出来不会走直路了,一走就 转圈,连马路也不能过。人啊,人！人的尊严到哪里去了！<br />
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经过一年多的休养治疗,1975年,袁庚被分配到交通部,当了外事局副局长。<br />
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ー恢复工作,袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体ー样活跃起来。<br />
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恢复工作之前,袁庚骑自行车上街,总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道,“不能开 慢点吗” !恢复工作之后,自己也坐上了小汽车,有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了, “不能靠边骑吗” !他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化,在心里警告自己道: “可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀!”<br />
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多年来,这成了他的一个信条。<br />
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十ー、香港第一课<br />
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1978年,做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚,以花甲之年改行搞经济,被派<br />
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到香港招商局担任副董事长。<br />
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招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日,招商局 香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱,从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。 历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长,所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。 从李鸿章算起,袁庚是第29任了。<br />
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香港招商局在极'左‘思想影响之下,经营单一,困守一隅,搞了几十年没有什 么发展。袁庚到任,根据中央定下的“以航运为中心,立足港澳,背靠内地,面向海 外,多种经营,工商结合,买卖结合”的方针,以铁腕大力整顿。<br />
<br />
袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说:<br />
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“我到香港的第一课,就是买了一座大楼,非常便宜,只花了 6180万（港币）。 第一次交订金时,支票2000万。那天是星期五,当时讲好下午2点钟,在ー个律师 楼里,大家一手交钱,一手交货。我们开了 2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的 对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里,发动机都没有停。ー上去之后,大 家一手交货,一手交钱,签字。签完字,对方拿着支票,两个人夹住,下去了。剩下 ー个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度,马上存到银行里去了。 因为明天是礼拜六了,人家银行关门,礼拜天也关门,假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前 不到银行去交那个支票的话,他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支 票交给他。我们的财务去了,他回来向我们报告,他说当时那个场面是很动人的。 当然,我们闭着眼睛也能想到,资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重 视,当时浮动利息是!4厘,三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志,那就 无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去,回家。他没有这个观念!这就是香港第一课。 我也不怕自惭形秽,ー窍不通,我接触经济工作,仅仅是5年多前开始的。但ー开 始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多!招商局的子公司多的是,ー检查,发现支 票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了 ,换了一个华东 财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后,我就给他讲这个道理,ー个礼拜之内他就能够接 受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事,立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后,财源 滚滚而来。……这个’时间就是金钱’,不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我,其实 这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’,它说得比我还 厉害,时间重于金钱!”<br />
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招商局走上轨道,袁庚就考虑进ー步的发展了。1979年初,他和有关同志带 着在蛇口开发エ业区的蓝图,到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志 很感兴趣,当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给エ业区,袁庚还没有这个胆量,只要了<br />
<br />
2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候,袁庚心里默默 地说:<br />
<br />
“先念同志,签吧,您这ー笔下去,将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀!”<br />
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十二、淸新<br />
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1984年8月,蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅,迎面是ー架屏 风,正中间挂着一幅草书,苍劲流畅的书法,引人注目,细看那内容,更是气度非凡。 这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本,把它抄了下来。<br />
<br />
登微波楼<br />
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微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
<br />
时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
<br />
宝安袁庚<br />
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我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
<br />
我有同感。<br />
<br />
蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
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六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
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晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
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啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
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十三、心血<br />
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清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
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ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
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1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
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这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
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施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
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午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
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下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
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厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
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的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
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我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
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我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
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龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
<br />
“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
<br />
“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
<br />
“你有什么打算?”<br />
<br />
“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
<br />
“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
<br />
“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
<br />
在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
<br />
十五、激动的工程师<br />
<br />
7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
<br />
蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
<br />
边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
<br />
“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
<br />
的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
<br />
“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
<br />
46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
<br />
他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
<br />
王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
<br />
袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
<br />
管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
<br />
当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
<br />
“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
<br />
“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
<br />
“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
<br />
“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
<br />
“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
<br />
“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
<br />
“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
<br />
“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
<br />
“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
<br />
了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
<br />
父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
<br />
“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
<br />
当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
<br />
“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
<br />
“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
<br />
“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
<br />
“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
<br />
第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
<br />
12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
<br />
1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
<br />
王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
<br />
“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
<br />
“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
<br />
“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
<br />
“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
<br />
“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
<br />
“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
<br />
“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
<br />
王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
<br />
十六、年轻的总经理<br />
<br />
一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
<br />
说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
<br />
“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
<br />
只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
<br />
她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
<br />
“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
<br />
“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
<br />
“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
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“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
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第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
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十七、热血沸腾<br />
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在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
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蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
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真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）<br />
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<br />
卷ー<br />
<br />
序李炳银/001<br />
<br />
哥德巴赫猜想 徐 迟/001<br />
<br />
船长柯岩/021<br />
<br />
痴情理由/040<br />
<br />
中国姑娘鲁光/ 086<br />
<br />
三门李逸闻乔迈Z 138<br />
<br />
胡杨泪孟晓云/ 150<br />
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原野在呼唤 王兆军/ 163<br />
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热血男儿李士非/ 183<br />
<br />
卷二<br />
<br />
中国农民大趋势（节选）李延国/219<br />
<br />
理论狂人 陈祖芬/261<br />
<br />
神圣忧思录 张 敏/283<br />
<br />
强国梦（节选）赵瑜/315<br />
<br />
伐木者,醒来!（节选）徐 刚Z358<br />
<br />
步鑫生现象的反思 周嘉俊Z397<br />
昆山之路杨守松/ 425<br />
<br />
飞向太空港（节选）李鸣生/465<br />
<br />
东方风来满眼春 陈锡添/526<br />
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好梦将圆时 江永红/539<br />
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智慧风暴（节选）王宏甲/573<br />
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卷四<br />
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4万:400万的牵挂 张雅文/ 625<br />
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香港回归祖国10周年回眸 长 江/ 670<br />
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木棉花开李春雷/695<br />
<br />
休息的革命（缩写本）王宏甲 刘 建/716<br />
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闪着泪光的事业 蒋 巍/758<br />
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让百姓做主朱晓军李英/ 777<br />
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难回故里郭冬Z 817<br />
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卷五<br />
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国家何建明/855<br />
<br />
蛟龙探海（节选）许 晨/ 915<br />
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袁隆平的世界（节选）陈启文/950<br />
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“神舟”天路 兰宁远/ 1011<br />
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智慧之翼李青松/ 1044<br />
<br />
附录 改革开放四十年优秀报告文学存目Z 1060<br />
中国农民大趋势<br />
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胶东风情录（节选）<br />
李延国<br />
<br />
第一章オ目会在北京<br />
<br />
初春。北京电影制片厂。<br />
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我住在这个厂招待所的一间斗室里,正没完没了地修改ー个电影文学剧本。 一天,值班室的服务员用扩音器通知我:有客人来找。<br />
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我走下楼去。几个身穿呢料制服的男子汉正等候在那里。<br />
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“弟弟!”我一下把他从人群中辨认出来,他那黝黑的、已经被岁月的犁铮犁出 了沟痕的面孔,刚经修饰,显得容光焕发。他彬彬有礼地上前来同我握手,向我介 绍同来的人们。他们的神采和装束使我大为惊讶,要知道,他们是文学概念中的 “庄稼汉”呀!<br />
<br />
“你们怎么来的?”<br />
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“自己带的车!”他指指外面的“吉普”。<br />
<br />
两千多里路,他们竟然坐上了“专车” 〇<br />
<br />
“你们要去哪里?”<br />
<br />
“深圳!”<br />
<br />
“到深圳做什么?”<br />
<br />
“考察!”<br />
<br />
故乡,在我的情思里,那是黄昏的茅屋上一缕淡淡的炊烟,那是黎明的原野上 一声悠长的牛叫,那是父亲头上ー顶破了边的草帽,那是母亲褪色的衣襟上一块杂 色补丁,那是弟弟一双饥饿的眼睛,那是妹妹辫子上一根粗糙的头绳……眼前的景 象,使我无法和过去联系起来。<br />
<br />
“你们办好去边境的手续了吗?”<br />
<br />
“办好了！”<br />
<br />
“坐火车去吗?”<br />
<br />
“不,坐飞机去!”<br />
<br />
“你们是怎样买到飞机票的?”<br />
<br />
“作家协会的一位同志帮忙买的。”<br />
<br />
我从ー个农民走上文坛,足足用了二十多年的工夫,那是一条漫长的路,我仿 佛觉得,这条路已经离开家乡很远很远,不料想,兄弟们斜刺里从青纱帐杀了出来, 竟一下子冲进了这个世界的核心部位。<br />
<br />
他们这一行,是由年轻的镇委书记谢玉堂带领的,其中包括已经声名大震的农 民企业家李德海等。他们去深圳不仅是为了开开眼界,原来家乡在那里是投了资 的,ー甩手拿出几十万、上百万元,现在他们将以“股东”的身份走在深圳繁华的街 市上,从那个窗口去瞭望世界!<br />
<br />
我不知该怎样招待他们这些“天外来客” 〇<br />
<br />
我忽然想到了我的优势:“我领你们去看看摄影棚吧,里面在拍电影,挺好 玩的。”<br />
<br />
他们一行人顿时变成了“中国农民电影考察团”,随我向摄影棚走去。艺术对 他们曾是遥远的、朦胧的,今天他们要走近前去看个仔细。<br />
<br />
我们被挡在摄影棚巨大的铁门外边,这里的制度是严格的,参观的人需经厂保 卫科批准。<br />
<br />
“中国农民电影考察团”被尴尬地晒在那里。<br />
<br />
我忽然又想起了另ー个优势:“去看看'北影一条街’吧！”<br />
<br />
“北影一条街”是ー个半永久性的露天布景,坐落在厂院后区,巧夺天工的美 エ师们在这里搭起了具有古典风格的店铺、楼阁、墙垒。走在这里,像走进了陈旧 的岁月之中。《垂帘听政》《海囚》《双雄会》《骆驼祥子》等等许多撼动人心的历史 场面都是在这里拍摄出来的,中国农民在这里扮演了屈辱和失败的角色！<br />
<br />
农民兄弟们巨大的步幅,很快把这一条小小的街道丈量完了,他们好奇地转到 布景的后面,ー个个不禁哑然失笑:“都是假的呀!”<br />
<br />
没有什么事情能唤起他们的兴趣。我决意尽主人之道,把他们领到北影小食 堂狠狠来上一顿,花个三十二十的！<br />
<br />
“不,跟我们去吧！”他们反客为主。<br />
<br />
“去哪里?”<br />
<br />
“小洞天,西餐!”<br />
<br />
我简直是五体投地！我想象不出来,他们是怎么睁大寻觅的眼睛,在偌大的北<br />
<br />
京城找到了那个藏在地缝里的“小洞天”的。<br />
<br />
我的兄弟们在我面前变得陌生了,这一切变化是怎样开始的?是谁给了他们 这新的风采、新的气质?<br />
<br />
他们似乎在追赶着什么一乘上飞机,用超音速……<br />
<br />
文学,将仰首注视他们!<br />
<br />
中国,是世界上拥有农民最多的国家,谁不了解当代的中国农民的变化,谁就 不了解当代的中国。<br />
<br />
传统的农民观念在我的头脑里发生了动摇。<br />
<br />
到胶东去!<br />
<br />
到故乡去!<br />
<br />
第二章故乡之门<br />
<br />
烟台,我的故乡。<br />
<br />
据说,这是ー个没有待业青年的城市。一位空军战斗英雄在这里担任副市长; 一位从北京招聘来的硕士研究生被委任为市委宣传部长（他们都是胶东的儿子）； 留职停薪的教师开办旅游开发公司,市政府领导亲临剪彩;上海交通大学的几位校 友创办烟台思源新技术开发公司,经济学家于光远发来贺电;新建的电视台将于7 月1日开播;集资兴办的综合性的烟台大学正在开挖地基;现代化的海上游乐园正 在啞桐岛上破土动エ;东郊的飞机场、西郊的高速公路正在筹建之中；那些农民办 的饭店、旅馆、商场、烤鸭店、运输公司更是兴隆昌盛……真个是:昨梦乘风破浪去, 满山灯火是烟台。<br />
<br />
当天晚上,市委书记王济夫同志来到宾馆。凡来烟台的学者、作家、画家、书法 家、记者、编辑、科学家,他总要抽空来看望。他身上兼有军人的敏捷和学者的优 雅,讲话却又充满诗人的激情,那浓重的乡音,又使我如见故里。<br />
<br />
他也是胶东当代的ー个传奇人物。他ー会儿身穿西服登上党代会的主席台, 一会儿在宾馆和外商洽谈大型旅游服务系统的投资,一会儿又拉着商业局长深入 个体饮食店解决原料供应,一会儿又到新成立的画院和画家们评论新作,一会儿又 到某郊区县为农民企业家发表辩护演说……此刻为迎接对外开放,他刚刚从海湾 对面的姊妹城市一大连考察回来,毫无倦意地坐在沙发上。<br />
<br />
“最近写些什么作品了?”他拍拍我刚送给他的《在这片国土上》的单行本,“你 很少回家,应该回来看看我们这片乡土。这是一片烈士洒过鲜血的土地,今天发生 了翻天覆地的变化。你应该看看农民怎样变成企业家的。”他边说边挥动手臂,仿 <br />
佛这不是在屋里,而是在ー个视野开阔的制高点上,“'牟平七雄’’蓬莱ハ仙’’黄 县五杰’’栖霞三能’……他们都是ー窝子ー窝子的。英雄无独有偶,都是竞争出 来的。三中全会造就了一大批英雄,你应该去看看他们怎样跟着三中全会的旗帜, 改变了自己的命运。现在的家乡,可不是昔日的家乡了;现在的农业,可不是传统 的农业了;现在的农民,可不是当年鲁迅笔下的阿Q、赵树理笔下的李有オ,也不是 高晓声笔下的陈奂生了。就是说,这个深刻变化不仅发生在地貌上、生产关系上, 也发生在人的灵魂深处,动摇了很多传统的东西……”<br />
<br />
来也匆匆,去也匆匆。他走下楼去,站到汽车门前,海风掀起他黑色的衣襟,像 鼓起的船帆。他回头说:<br />
<br />
“人是复杂的,文学也应该是复杂的。唱改革者之歌的时候,不要忘记他们的 辛酸、他们的磨难。任何ー项改革都不是在笔直的路上走的……”<br />
<br />
车走了,仲夏的海滨卷起一阵旋风。<br />
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好有力的旋风啊!<br />
<br />
第三章走进蓬莱仙境<br />
<br />
蓬莱阁上<br />
<br />
神话今说<br />
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蓬莱,民族英雄戚继光的故乡,八仙过海传说的发祥地,你把魂魄凝聚在小小 的蓬莱阁上。不是吗?要不,在这里只做过五天知府的苏东坡为什么留下了“东方 云海空复空,群仙出没空明中”的诗句?为什么远离热土的老华侨要登临神堂烧上 ー炷香烛?为什么那些蓝眼睛的异国人要在参天的古柏前留一帧小照?<br />
<br />
在我登上这座建筑在民族心理上九百余年的仙阁时,适逢ー批外国友人乘兴 游览,导游员刘妍,一位端庄聪颖的农民女儿（她爱好田径,学过武术,酷爱外语）, 带领他们穿行在神话传说的历史中。<br />
<br />
“请问刘小姐,这里为什么叫蓬莱呢?”<br />
<br />
“据说,当年秦始皇为了求长生不老药,曾来到这里,他突然发现海里有一片赤 色,就连忙问随行的方士:’那是什么?’方士答道:'那是仙岛。’秦始皇又问:'那仙 岛叫什么名字?’方士回答不上来,慌乱中发现海水里有一片海草,'蓬’和'莱’都 是草名,方士就顺ロ应付说:'蓬莱。’从此,蓬莱仙岛这个名字就流传开了……”<br />
<br />
“刘小姐,您刚オ说,ハ仙过海中的八位神仙,是在蓬莱阁上喝醉了酒之后飘然 过海……请问,他们过海到哪里去了?”<br />
<br />
“传说很多。不过,今天的蓬莱农村,发生了翻天覆地的变化,我想,八位仙人 一定是留恋人间的新生活,投胎为农民企业家、专业户、个体户。如果先生和女士 们有兴趣,不妨到蓬莱农村一游……”<br />
<br />
刘妍莞尔一笑,博得一阵喝彩! 一位外宾说:<br />
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“刘小姐,你可以做何仙姑了!”<br />
<br />
伊甸园的葡萄熟了<br />
<br />
商品生产观念的形成<br />
<br />
今天,庄户人的自给自足的传统观念像雪山一样崩塌了 !<br />
<br />
大姜家大队的300亩葡萄园,就曾经是ー个和传统观念搏斗的战场！<br />
<br />
开始,28岁的支部书记姜世谭,决定根据三中全会精神调整农业内部结构,拿 出西南洼110亩水浇地改种葡萄,立时受到围攻,上面点名,下面咒骂,连老父亲也 质问他:“现在国家提高粮价,你去种什么葡萄?”<br />
<br />
为了使葡萄园方方正正,还要耕掉50亩漫脚面的麦苗,于是老队长姜世希领 着四个生产队长和姜世谭滚打在ー起:<br />
<br />
“败家子儿！这是四五万斤麦子呀!”<br />
<br />
“老祖宗撇下这么点好地,你穷作!”<br />
<br />
“你不是吃人饭长的……”<br />
<br />
姜世谭被逼成个“红眼狼”,鞭子ー甩:“耕!”他推着雪亮的犁刀,绿生生的麦 苗被翻到地下去了！<br />
<br />
1983年秋天,葡萄熟了,ー嘟噜ー串地压满了架子,听听那些名字吧:龙眼、泽 香、白茹、枣晶、贵人香、赤霞珠……姜世谭把全村老少六百口子请了来:<br />
<br />
“今天请乡亲们来吃葡萄！ ー百多个品种管尝！大家边吃,边算ー笔账,按市 价这ー嘟噜葡萄能卖ー块钱,大家可以数数有多少嘟噜……”<br />
<br />
数得过来吗?<br />
<br />
最后的账目还是由会计算出来的,ー亩葡萄的收益相当于1万斤小麦,1〇〇多 亩葡萄超过了全村1500亩粮田的总收入！<br />
<br />
伊甸园的葡萄熟了,大姜家人的思想飞跃了！<br />
<br />
姜世谭又来了第二个惊险的跳跃:建立食品加工厂,生产葡萄罐头,增值！<br />
<br />
食品厂在斗争中建起来了,开エ40天,产值就达14万元。<br />
<br />
“凡是要改革ー项事情,总是有阻カ。毛主席去世后,两个’凡是’听得多顺 溜? 一说毛主席有错误有缺点,农民根本不承认这个事。搞大包干、责任制,可又 舍不得丢掉大锅饭;要搞商品生产,阻力更大,这次改革是农民改行呀!农民做エ, 书记当经理。过去是春天捅ー棍,秋天吃ー顿,现在像《霍元甲》主题歌里唱的: ’沉睡百年,国人渐已醒,睁开眼吧,抬头看吧’,和几千年的小农生产方式决 裂了。”<br />
<br />
草店流行红裙子<br />
<br />
生活秩序、审美心理一见<br />
<br />
一走进草店大队,不时地看到ー些穿红裙子的姑娘,那么惹目。<br />
<br />
她们来自何方?<br />
<br />
两年前,党支部书记王明福六进天津请来ー个病休的女工程师,一下子给她涨 了 20级エ资（月工资300元,路费、生活费全包）,建起了一个染线厂。结果是:请 了一个人,办了一个厂,富了一个村。后来又在染线厂的基础上办起了羊毛衫厂。 整个草店的生活秩序改变了,实行生产责任制后的两个“剩余”（剩余劳カ、剩余时 间）变成了两个“紧张”,又从外村雇用了 500多劳カ,都是年轻的农村姑娘。<br />
<br />
这些来自南庄北瞳的姑娘们,ー开始是带着一些羞涩和矜持走上草店那带有 路灯的、25米宽的大路的。可是织布机很快改变了老ー辈留给她们的旧有的生活 节奏。她们不再像父辈们那样,日出而作,日落而息。这个“不夜村”里,她们见面 不再用父辈的“上山下山”,而是互相招呼着:“你夜班?”“你白班?”“你上班?”“你 下班?”每当说着的时候,你可以看出她们内心的自豪和欢悦。她们也像城里人ー 样,提兜里装上一个铝饭盒,吃饭的时候聚在ー起,说着班上的ー些事情。她们织 出的羊毛衫印上蓬莱阁图案,运到了东北、陕北、山西、河南……她们的审美观已不 满足于过去的头上插ー朵野花、扎ー根红头绳,现在她们用自己挣的工资买来了最 时兴的红裙子。<br />
<br />
去访问ー个穿红裙子的姑娘吧!<br />
<br />
她叫姜利华,是附近上口姜家大队社员,今年21岁,她胖乎乎的,生着ー个端 正的小翘鼻子,头发梳成两个“把把”,发梢是烫过的,显得很有韵致。<br />
<br />
“你为什么到这里来?”<br />
<br />
“不愿意在家种地。”她爽直地向我笑笑,胖胖的手来回搓着。<br />
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“家里分那么几亩地,也用不着闺女家,还有她哥,她爹。”陪伴我的离职老队 长在ー边插言。<br />
<br />
“你打算在这里干到什么时候?”<br />
“干到エ厂’黄’了的时候……不’黄'就在这里干!”<br />
<br />
“你去年收入了多少?”<br />
<br />
“1010块,年底开支一大摞,没敢往家喊（拿）,公社信用社在这里,存了活期, 存折交给俺爹……”<br />
<br />
“你花钱怎么办?”<br />
<br />
“问俺爹要……哎呀,你记这些干什么?让人家笑话。”<br />
<br />
“你爹妈高兴吧?”<br />
<br />
老队长:“他们当然高兴,她ー个人挣的顶他们全家!”<br />
<br />
姑娘抿嘴一笑:“以前俺上下班骑俺二姐的自行车,今年俺爹托人上北沟买了 辆'金鹿’。他说:’华,这辆车子就是你的了,好好骑。’俺回家一干活他就说:’不 用不用,你去睡觉吧。’大姐二姐都不如我。上夜班带饭,俺妈都非给两个鸡蛋 拿着。”<br />
<br />
老队长:“你看看那些上夜班的闺女,哪个不拿鸡蛋?早先还有她们的?都是 早晨打给她爹她哥吃了。”<br />
<br />
“明天王绪庙会,俺妈说给俺和嫂子一人20元钱,再添些夏天衣裳。”<br />
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老队氏:“还添衣裳！如今的姑娘家,哪个的衣裳都是一身一身的。也不嫌衣 裳多了生虫子!”<br />
<br />
“出去旅游过吗?”<br />
<br />
“还没有!”<br />
<br />
老队长:“可不喜去,一点好处也没有。招远的ー帮子坐拖拉机上蓬莱阁,车翻 沟里去了,一下子死了俩！再说听景有景,看景没景。逛ー趟泰山来回得花ー百 多,还不如在家里喝100斤酒!”<br />
<br />
姑娘没有吭声,也许她自有主张。<br />
<br />
回到招待所里,我思绪不能平息。过去这个村子是蓬（莱）黄（县）公路上的ー 个马车店,因兼卖草料而得名“草店”。至今老人们还能背下流传几辈子的歌谣: “草店穷,穷草店,吃水要走二里半,去时穿花鞋,回时露鸭蛋（后脚跟）,有女不嫁 穷草店。”从歌谣中的“花鞋”二字猜测,这歌谣一定是受尽了苦楚的妇女们编出来 的。而今妇女们进草店也不是那么容易了。王明福规定,来草店做エ的姑娘除了 要经过考试外,模样不耐看的不要,个头不高的不要ーー来记者照相没有机器高那 还行吗?以后不光要会说中国话,还要会说外国话的一这里常有外宾来。<br />
<br />
在我门ロー边,有一个卖杂货的摊贩,五十多岁年纪,戴着ー副眼镜,一条眼镜 腿断了,是用麻线拴在耳朵上的。在那些杂七杂八的货摊上,竟还摆放着一本《性 的知识》,书的后面被老汉用钢笔把“0.32元”改为“0.45元”。黄昏,ー个穿红裙 子的姑娘匆匆走过我的窗前,她向四周瞥了一眼,丢下一元钱,拿起那本书,就红着 脸跑开了。<br />
<br />
她们渴望了解世界,也渴望了解自身!<br />
<br />
尽管还带着一点羞涩。<br />
<br />
我看到老汉并未打算给姑娘找零钱,而是从屁股下的木箱里又拿出了一本《性 的知识》,摆在原处,好像是唯一的一本。<br />
<br />
文明,又被蒙上了不文明的尘埃。生活中的ー些事情,往往是这样以多种色调 出现的。<br />
<br />
村庄里的都市<br />
<br />
——金钱观念一瞥<br />
<br />
解放上海的时候,在广东同乡会门口的马路上,露天睡着我27军81师24I团 的一个年轻的机枪手,他有一米八的个子,打着绑腿,怀里抱着一挺“歪把子”。早 晨醒来,他看到那高大的楼门上挂着ー块牌子:“XX股份有限公司”。他好奇地 问班长,那是干什么的?班长答不上;问排长,排长也答不上。后来得知,那是资本 家集资做买卖......<br />
<br />
现在这个机枪手已经65岁了,他是孙陶大队“蔚阳农工商联合公司”总经 理ーー孙陶是烟台地区最早改为“公司”的大队。他毕竟不是当年的机枪手了,牙 齿脱落,嘴巴瘪瘪的,有点像画中的“太上老君”,而他的改革的某些方面也带有封 建家长制的色彩。在“农工商联合公司”的牌子旁边,还挂着ー块“村政府”的大牌 子。他的穿戴也是几个时代混合着:上身着旧蓝布褂,下身穿军裤,脚上却跋拉着 泡沫拖鞋。左右上衣兜甩齐插ー支钢笔,显得不伦不类。窗外则同时传来机耕声 和豆腐梆子声。<br />
<br />
“老李呀,一句话,我抓钱!过去咱总怕钱烧手,现在重点搞经济建设,这个观 念不转不行!我现在四个经理部:农业经理部、エ副业加工经理部、商业经理部、供 销经理部。农业经理部下设机械、饲养、技术队、林业队、二林队、鸡场、菜园子、花 场……エ副业加工部下设木业、石子场、预制件厂、面粉厂、挂面厂、铸造厂、刀具 厂、酿造厂……商业经理部下设中医、缝纫、塑料厂、冷食店、浴池、饭店、商店、糕 点、面包厂、水果、牙科诊所、照相馆……应有尽有,我要把孙陶建成个小城市,小上 海。”我赞同地说:“你这里成了村庄里的都市了 !”<br />
<br />
他接下去:“你刚オ去洗澡了,我那个浴池怎么样?比你们济南不差吧!花了 <br />
9万块!全是瓷砖铺地,从这里到黄县25里,到蓬莱40里,没有浴池!现在两毛五 ー个票,社员不用到河沟里洗澡了。青年妇女最愿意洗澡了,她们愿干净,过去都 在晚上到河里洗一洗。凡来洗澡的人都说这是个好事!”<br />
<br />
“牙科、照相、水果这些小门面能盈多少利?”<br />
<br />
“盈利不多,可碎金子也是金子呀!我的包子铺商号叫‘半分利’,它有吸引 力,喝茶水不要钱,都愿来。茶水喝多了,刮肚子,肚子空落落的,就要吃包子,不吃 包子,尿尿也是咱的肥料。别看这个小店,一年纯利润ー万四五千。”<br />
<br />
老经理好动,坐在沙发上讲着,不时探出身子拍打一下我的脚面:<br />
<br />
“人是钱架的,鳖是水架的。过去是越穷越革命,老鹰拴在鳖脖子上,有能耐也 飞不起来！现在,为了抓钱,我还搞了个’集体入股’。最小十元一股,多者千元一 股。农民攒钱怕人,这样入股,提高了集体主义思想,他觉得公司也有他的ー份。 我带头入了一万元的股。股金分红按四六。彭真讲'把社会上资金集中起来,长期 使用’,做事要有上面精神,打起官司来有说头。’肥水不外流’嘛！我还向你们牟 平李德海介绍过这个法儿。”<br />
<br />
我说:“这种做法合适吗?”<br />
<br />
他并不理会我:“上头财政把得那么死,我们自己为什么不能搞活点?反正在 这个小村里我说了算。不宾（佩）服?谁的老婆在家干吗我都知道！我宾服李德 海这个人,有经济头脑。前ー阵子传谣言,说李德海被抓起来了,罪名是什么?’强 奸妇女’!当时我就不信。”他忽然压低声音,“别说他那么大的家业忙得没有心 思,就是有那个心思,像他这样的英雄还用强奸?……”<br />
<br />
对这话,我只能报以苦笑。<br />
<br />
神秘的登州商行<br />
<br />
——信息观念及其他<br />
<br />
如果有人每年花3万元租金在城里租ー层宾馆,你一定会感到不可思议,如果 这个人是ー个走出磨道的农民,那你更会惊奇不已！<br />
<br />
这是乡下农民进城办的ー个商行。宾馆门口“登州商行”四个钢铁铸的大字, 是花800元从青岛请了著名书法家写的。曾几何时,高晓声笔下的陈奂生在县城 的宾馆里闹出了一通又一通的笑话,这个“登州商行”里是否还有陈奂生这样的农 民呢?<br />
<br />
我在这个商行的总经理室见到的第一个人物是位20岁出头的姑娘,她叫吴鸿 岩,圆胖胖的脸,扎两个把把,眉眼中带有农村姑娘的憨厚和灵秀<br />
<br />
我进门时,她正俯在ー个大书案上从四十多份报刊中检索,把有关商品信息的 部分剪贴起来。有些报刊是我从来没见过的:《上海译报》《上海物资市场》《致富 报》《市场周报》《经济预测》《农村金融》《深圳特区报》《湖南经济报》……<br />
<br />
“你是秘书吗?”我发问。<br />
<br />
“没有那么大,是文书。”她赧然一笑。<br />
<br />
当知道我是职业创作员时,她竟和我从文学角度探讨起社会问题:“你说现在 农民身上有没有阿Q精神?”<br />
<br />
我一下子回答不上来。<br />
<br />
她认真地说:“我一直在想这个问题。阿Q精神是有的。农民和土地绑在ー 块儿,受了欺侮也走不出去,就得自己安慰自己。有时候没有阿Q精神就活不 下去。”<br />
<br />
这话不是在《文艺报》组织的农村题材座谈会上,而是出自ー个穷乡僻壤的农 村姑娘之ロ!<br />
<br />
她的哥哥吴鸿康走进来了,他是这个商行的副经理,也ー起参与“农民政治经 济学”的讨论:“农村有些干部很像’土皇帝’!责任制某种意义上就是分散他们的 权カ,冲破旧的组合!为什么责任制受到群众那么拥护?不值得干部思考吗?我 们为什么进城?就是为了摆脱大队给我们的束缚！人挪活,树挪死。我们出来不 是为挣钱的,为了干ー番事业给他们看看!”<br />
<br />
吴鸿岩插话说:“农民进城办商行,免不了带有农民的痕迹。有了成绩容易满 足,遇到挫折容易灰心丧气,办事不讲效率,拖拖拉拉。我们总经理对职员要求:农 民进城必须去掉农民意识,搞商品流通,散漫不行。现在是信息时代,ー些农民的 旧习气不改,根本搞不好商品生产和商品流通。光蓬莱,我们这样的商行就有九 家,农民办的就有三家,竞争很厉害,不抓紧能行吗?我们搞正规化,每天五点半起 床,跑步;六点钟回来,自学半个小时;七点开饭;七点半上班;中午十一点半下 班……晚上九点又和全国各地办事处打电话,互通信息。”<br />
<br />
神秘的登州商行！<br />
<br />
总经理侯日超出场了,夹着黑色皮包,穿着一身笔挺的西服,他40岁出头,方 方的额头,深深的眼窝,尖下巴,眼角有道道血丝,脸上表情淡漠,却隐示着ー种坚 毅。这个农民似乎是从地平线下突然冒出来的,不,确切地说,他是从土地里走出 来的,他大胆地割断了与土地的“脐带”,把承包的16亩责任田,全部转包给别人, 只要转包户每年向他全家每人提供200斤小麦、100斤花生,他用国家牌价购买,而 他和妻子都投身于这个商行的工作。<br />
他走出土地,同时也走出了自己的历史。作为ー个农民,他推过车,挑过担子, 整过“大寨田”,当过生产队长,还曾被评选为民兵“学习毛主席著作积极分子”。 他好读书,好文娱,好搞创新性的玩意儿。当瓦匠,半年就掌尺,因为老瓦匠们舍不 得花钱买工具,而他知道石家庄的泥板是最好的。村里搞剧团,他鼓鼓捣捣,组织 起十来个人的小乐队。“文革”开始他又学会扎针,社员有个头痛脑热,不上公社 医院,来找他。1983年承包橡胶厂,发了财,三个支部委员和一个大队长,天天去 抢账,他ー气之下走出了村庄……<br />
<br />
现在登州商行有四十多个职エ,大都是在村里待得压抑的农民。侯日超ー跃 成为商行经理,下分经理办公室、供销科、总务科、财务科、信息科、エ业科,现在分 别在大连、沈阳、天津、北京、上海、青岛、哈尔滨等大城市派设有办事处和信息员。<br />
<br />
信息观念在他们身上的建立,使我惊叹不已。<br />
<br />
“搞商品流通,必须到经济发达的地方去办,经济发达的地方文化也发达,文化 发达的地方,消费也发达,这样才能正确地了解市场。过去是秀才不出门,便知天 下事,那是靠读书,现在光靠书本不行了,等书印出来,什么信息也晚了三秋。现在 信息手段很多,电话、电报、广播、报纸、电视、联络网、社会交往。生产カ发展的历 史,就是交往不断扩大的历史……马克思讲人与人之间的关系,是经济基础的核 心,只有有了人与人之间的关系,才能去创造财富。现在我们采用了广泛联系的方 针,在经济学上叫'广泛联合’,我们在这里是经营中心,在全国伸出了若干条腿, 借助各地大中心,发挥咱小中心的作用。这叫’经济横向联系’。”他随手撕下ー张 印刷的信息调查报告表,说,“在外的办事员、信息员、供销员定期ー个月寄回两 次。”这表上有物品种类、价格、规格型号、数量、信息编号、市场形势、预测分析, “我们还准备搞密码,考虑到经济信息要保密。我们还聘请了法律顾问、经济顾问、 政策顾问。”<br />
<br />
在我面前的,绝不是“闰土”和“陈奂生” 了 !<br />
<br />
我顺手抓起一份信息剪报,在“山东莱芜羊里公社,可收获优质大蒜4万斤寻 求销路”这一段文字下面有红笔标示。<br />
<br />
“你们准备买大蒜吗?”我问。<br />
<br />
“香港八汇有限公司找我们订了 300吨,照国家外贸价。”<br />
<br />
“他们去莱芜联系过了吗?”<br />
<br />
“没有。大蒜价格还要落,现在去联系价格不好商量。”<br />
<br />
“你何以预测出大蒜要落价?”<br />
<br />
“第一个信息,今年蒜薰多,蒜薰丰收,大蒜也必然丰收。现在买是我们求他,<br />
<br />
将来买是他来求我!”<br />
<br />
其机敏可见一斑。<br />
<br />
“我们搞的代购代销,是商品流通的一种形式,是市场调节的手段。现在我们 也考虑办エ厂,先上纸箱厂、饮料厂、瓷雕厂、裘装厂一这个是和外商合办的。还 准备买专利……等到1985年可以打个漂亮仗,纯收入拿500万,向国家提供600 万元税收。蓬莱缺大旅馆,外国人来了还要回烟台去住。我们准备盖个十三层的 高级旅馆,要有占地100亩的高尔夫球场,将来蓬莱以它特有的条件一蓬莱阁成 为烟台的贸易中心,吸引外商。他不了解你这些人,怎么投资?”<br />
<br />
他回身用拇指指指墙上的彩色挂历,那是一幅夏威夷海滩浴场的照片:“你看 这夏威夷海滨,我们蓬莱为什么不能搞成这样?”<br />
<br />
他的笑容中或有当年“乐队队长”的率直和快乐。<br />
<br />
“中国的革命,在某种意义上说是农民的革命,可是农民还没有得到应有的利 益。三中全会解决了这个问题,现在政策允许你的思维发展。过去在农村是智力 高的伺候智力低的。古话说:出头椽子先烂,烂也是ー辈子。不要珍惜你的生命, ー千岁又怎么样?要珍惜社会贡献……有人说我们吹牛X。随他!过去说吹牛X 不纳税,现在吹牛X得纳税,不信试试!”<br />
<br />
第四章在历史的接合部上<br />
<br />
是的,无数个瞬间,组成了人类历史的长河。<br />
<br />
历史学家在研究历史的时候,没有忽视“瞬间”这个历史的“微粒”。战争的决 胜,国家的兴衰,在某个瞬间所引起的质变:项羽鸿门宴却步于樊哙之勇,司马懿ー 念败退于诸葛亮的空城计,希特勒对盟军诺曼底登陆之失算……历史往往在某个 瞬间悄悄地开始了一个时代。国家、民族的命运是这样,个人的命运也是这样。但 历史毕竟是个记忆衰退的老人,它向后人叙述的,大都是些概念,而文学,却需要到 光阴之河里去捕捞无数充满感情色彩的细节,组成它的艺术生命。趁历史还没有 走远,我们还来得及去回首看ー看那打着时代变革印记的无数个瞬间。<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他们像没娘的孩子<br />
<br />
困惑篇<br />
<br />
“辛辛苦苦30年,一夜回到解放前！呜呜呜……”<br />
<br />
烟台地区责任制的巨大闸门终于被撬动起来之时,在栖霞县ー个山沟的野布<br />
<br />
大队办公室里,7个党支部委员对着毛主席的画像伤心地哭了起来。<br />
<br />
他们平均55岁,7个人中有6个当过八路军、3个二等残疾军人一个个是共 产党的忠诚战士。这里是革命老区,许世友司令员曾住在附近的东下布。他们给 子弟兵缝过军装,养过伤员……是社会主义救了这个旧社会有名的“叫花子布”， 今天有了果园,有了水库,有了马车,有了柴油机和拖拉机……<br />
<br />
这些家业,都是他们听毛主席的话带领群众创出来的。今天毛主席订的某些 章程要更改了,是在他老人家已经不在了的时候……<br />
<br />
“呜呜呜……”老年人的哭声是悲怆的。<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他痛苦地否定了自己<br />
<br />
省悟篇<br />
<br />
这是个倔老头儿!<br />
<br />
他很少服输。“文化大革命”中一连斗了他33次,在黄县,造反派都说他磨山 迟家是“小台湾”,而他迟本达,就是顽固不化的“蒋光头”。在批斗大会上,“造反 派”踢他ー脚,他当即回敬一拳,硬是把“造反派”给打散了。后来,他磨山迟家成 了“红色革命根据地”,县里的老干部,干社会主义的“铁柱子”,每天有几百人在这 里吃饭。现在他大小机械100多台,汽车3辆,拖拉机6台,果园!000亩,还搞不 过你的“大包干”?他有空就悄悄往邻队地里一蹲,不是去学习,而是挑刺儿。<br />
<br />
和共和国同龄的县委书记杜世成,苦口婆心来劝说:“还是搞责任制好,700户 社员,就有700个’队长’,专业化、社会化是今后的方向。”<br />
<br />
老头儿不服劲儿,又不得不做出样子,把大锅饭改成“中锅饭”,ー个大队分成 两个,12个生产队分成了 24个生产组,中央不是说“多种形式”吗?<br />
<br />
年底公社列表张榜,挂到会议室正面墙上,迟本达不敢过去正视,因为磨山迟 家这个一向当“领头雁”的,一下子变成了尾巴梢子,简直令人不敢相信,却又是千 真万确的事实!<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,老头子垂下了白花花的脑袋,却装着用手去搔头……<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他失明的双目透进了阳光<br />
<br />
——信仰篇<br />
<br />
掖县是烟台地区的“西南大门”,紧挨着责任制搞得较早的昌潍地区。当初有 的领导同志曾提出:“掖县要挡住西南风!”<br />
<br />
ー个双目失明的瘦小老人点着ー根七尺长的竹竿走出来了,他是掖县过西乡 <br />
徐家大队的当家人徐斌。这个双目失明的人当了 30多年支部书记,他用一根竹竿 探路,带着全村600多户人家,两千多口子人,从昨天走到今天。<br />
<br />
一切都是摸索过来的。这或许反映了中国农民在特殊条件下的历史进程!<br />
<br />
他是怎样把徐家大队领成一个“先进”啊一竹竿上刻着尺寸,翻过的地,他 要逐块去量一量,看是否够深度。社员剜谷苗,他要去摸一摸稀疏。到后来,有的 社员锄地光锄地头,糊弄他这个瞎汉,他检查生产,不得不点着ー根竹竿,向青纱帐 深处走去。过去,这ー些被当作先进事迹,在各种会议上介绍,那其实是ー种多么 深刻的悲剧,ー种多么令人痛心的象征! !<br />
<br />
他率先实行了生产责任制。用竹竿捅破那长期以来形成的不符合实际情况的 固有观念!<br />
<br />
他率先发展了商品生产,办起了糖厂、面粉加工厂、冰库（这是我见到的第一座 农民冰库）、修配厂……<br />
<br />
他不能看电影,却在全公社修起了第一座带座位的农民影院;他不能看书,却 办起了有数千册藏书的图书馆;他没有孩子在身边,却修起了连联合国的考察团也 为之咋舌的幼儿园。<br />
<br />
他看不见色彩,却在创造着彩色的生活！<br />
<br />
王济夫带着《烟台日报》的总编辑刘鹏雁来到这里,激动不已,对总编辑说: “掖县有了领头人,发个头条!”<br />
<br />
理解,你是阳光,把心灵的阴影驱散。<br />
<br />
徐斌像保存家珍似的把这份剪报贴在ー个本子上。<br />
<br />
“还有磁带,是中央电台录制的,我拿给你听听。”他瞎瞎摸摸,挪动着瘦瘦的 身躯,哼着小调,把磁带装到录音机里,按动开关,于是,关于他生命的信息,从女广 播员那脆亮而充满感情的播音中传达出来:<br />
<br />
“《当你回首往事的时候》……”<br />
<br />
我坐在他的侧面,看到他仍然沉浸在广播员那动情的朗诵之中。我看到了黑 镜片后面那畸形的深陷的眼窝,像两个喷发过岩浆的火山口,他的嘴在微微翕动 着。仅存无几的睫毛上沾着水汽,红红的眼窝嚙满了泪水,那心灵的潮汛终于汇集 成一股水流,向下淌去……<br />
<br />
我上车时,他伸出瘦瘦的手来向前摸索着,我知道他是在寻找我,要和我握别。<br />
<br />
我握着他的手,久久不愿松开。<br />
<br />
在这一瞬间我想到:痛苦在于我们这些不失明的人,让ー个失明的战士为我们 探路！<br />
<br />
他是在用心看着道路。<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他求告无望,横下一条心<br />
<br />
励志篇<br />
<br />
笑容,你来得是那么容易的吗?<br />
<br />
谭绪佑离开“大锅饭”时也感到过无所适从,过去的一切都是队上的“父母官” 包揽,现在,他这瘦巴巴、ー头卷发的汉子要自己去闯生活之路。<br />
<br />
到淄博去,嫂表弟建议他上个小作坊,生产“浮球式比重仪”,那是一家研究所 设计的新产品。谭绪佑壮着胆子接回来试制,二十天后带着五只样品去了,研究所 ー鉴定,竟然惊奇不已:“这是你们搞的吗?国营厂三个月拿出来算快的!”<br />
<br />
“武宁电器厂”的牌子在这个偏远的滨海村庄挂起来了,赞同的目光,惊讶的 目光,疑问的目光,嫉妒的目光都投向这个白漆黑字的木牌牌。<br />
<br />
ー个夜晚,木牌牌不翼而飞。<br />
<br />
扛走木牌的人显然不是因为缺柴烧。<br />
<br />
木牌不值多少钱,可那是门面啊,打人还不打脸呢。<br />
<br />
谭绪佑去报告“父母官”,路上看到大队仓库的后窗被人撬了,他怀着对集体 的感情,ー并做了报告。<br />
<br />
当天下午,队上的仓库后窗就派人钉上了,谭绪佑却在家等,等,等……<br />
<br />
谭绪佑猛然省悟到什么,跺跺脚,自己做了一个沉甸甸的大铁牌子,焊上挂柱, 垒进墙里去了。<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他怒发冲冠,破门而出<br />
<br />
求索篇<br />
<br />
是铁,就要经受锤炼。<br />
<br />
有人向黄县平里院大队书记战学忠介绍,平陵县有一套设备,能使粉渣酿出 酒来。<br />
<br />
年轻的书记被这桩便宜买卖迷住了,花五万元钱把这套设备买了下来,由那边 派师傅帮助安装。<br />
<br />
一天、两天、三天……<br />
<br />
ー个月、两个月、三个月 <br />
<br />
社员们眼巴巴地望着,等着出酒哩。<br />
<br />
可是酒总出不来。<br />
<br />
战学忠打电报叫对方厂长来,杳无讯息。<br />
<br />
那天早上,忽然有人告诉战学忠:那两位“人质”跑了。<br />
<br />
战学忠赶去ー看,果然人走屋空,留在酒厂的设备,成了一堆废铁!<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,战学忠血冲脑门,狠狠擂动着门板,他意识到被骗了。牵线人和平 陵厂方合谋,把ー套毫无价值的设备坑给了他们。<br />
<br />
5万元哪,平里院的父老姊妹口挪肚省的血汗钱哪!<br />
<br />
战学忠带着合同到县经济法庭控告,花15元钱打印了一份诉状,直奔平陵县。<br />
<br />
平陵县的法庭庭长回家收责任田的小麦去了。<br />
<br />
战学忠在旅馆等了七天,后来终于见到了法庭庭长,庭长说:“办成办不成,先 交2500元的手续费,相当你损失的百分之五。”<br />
<br />
他已几乎囊空如洗!<br />
<br />
战学忠直接找到了工厂里,厂里的人告诉他,厂长换了,不能办!<br />
<br />
痛苦,已经超出了经济的范畴。<br />
<br />
那个“一瞬间”成了一服明目的良药,使这个!978年オ认识火车的“乡巴佬” 学会了商品生产的市场调查、信誉调查。<br />
<br />
北京王府井商场ー块“电动剃须刀无货”的牌子,使他跑遍了南京、杭州、无 锡、上海,亲自写出了一份三万言的电动剃须刀商品调查报告,接着把落满伤心泪 的烧酒车间改成了电器车间,前后不到8个月。第一批电动剃须刀组装起来,拿到 县里去鉴定,那些长着大胡子的局长、科长还不识其为何物！<br />
<br />
平里院电器总厂的大牌子就这样堂而皇之地挂起来了。年产!〇万只,畅销!1 个省市,年获利润12万元。<br />
<br />
战学忠,这个曾受过骗的农民企业家两眼闪动着智慧之光,ー边和我吃着自制 的牛奶冰棍,ー边给我讲着“企业经”和“做人经” 〇<br />
<br />
“我们乡镇企业是’游击队’,打ー枪换ー个地方。国营办ー个厂子,光厂房连 批带盖得一两年,咱有间房子先干起来,等你厂房盖起来,咱产品又更新了。乡镇 企业,必须看市场什么最活,最快……市场变化一天一个样,甚至一个钟头ー个样。 商品的竞争,是技术的竞争,信息的竞争,也是时间的竞争,有技术不用,转眼成了 旧技术,一切都在更新换代。我们队办エ业现在是由密集型到分散型一好多エ 序在社员家里 <br />
<br />
“咱平里院人是有志气的。县里调我我不去,不是干不了,也不是因为待遇,我 舍不得这么多好群众。在我有生之年,一定要给他们闯出一条路来,让贫穷、愚昧 的状况一去不复返,让那些为革命献出血和汗的群众不再寒心。现在大队二十六<br />
<br />
户烈属,每年补他们每户2000元。现在平里院再不是让人瞧不起的时候了。”<br />
<br />
第五章属于自己的日子<br />
<br />
1984年初夏,中南海紫光阁毗邻的ー间办公室里,我和人民文学杂志社的周 明同志、王南宁同志,以及女作家张洁,坐在一位长者的对面,听他谈农村体制改革 的有关问题。他讲话的时候,用手拨动着写字台上的一个玲珑的地球仪:<br />
<br />
“如果说中国的农业改革出现了奇迹,它的秘密在什么地方?我认为在’家 庭’两个字。这是逼出来的。现在我们千万不能把家庭经营的基础搞掉。从农业 上来说,在发达国家,大量存在的是家庭农场。加拿大家庭农场占百分之九十以 上,在美国,取得效益最大的也是家庭农场。社会的发展,还受家庭发展的制约。 中国的基本国情是家庭这个细胞根深蒂固。几个家庭结合在ー起,就不如一个家 庭发展快 <br />
<br />
“中国农村的自然半自然、自给半自给的传统经营方式,将要被摧毁。ー个巨 大的、繁荣的中国农村市场将要在世界上出现!<br />
<br />
“太平洋经济时代将要到来!世界的经济重心将从欧洲移到亚洲。在中国将 要出现一条黄金海岸……”<br />
<br />
他又转动了一下地球仪,世界在迅速地旋转着。<br />
<br />
我踏着旋转的地球,从紫光阁下走进了胶东的一座座农屋……<br />
<br />
兄弟们<br />
<br />
——关于性文化<br />
<br />
国外一位学者说过,只有当一个男人和一个女人结合在ー起的时候オ是ー个 完整的人,这也许就是某些长期过独身生活的人为什么在个性上存有某种怪癖的 原因。<br />
<br />
我见到已经40岁的满玉贵时,他刚从滑石坑里爬上来。这个滑石专业户身上 沾着白色的滑石粉,坐在那里,没有笑容,没有表情,没有言语,只是闷头抽着 烟一他已被生活的雕刀雕刻成一个早衰的“滑石人”！<br />
<br />
满家是有名的“光棍堂”,兄弟三个,加一个老父亲。三间草屋住着四个光棍, 没有空间容纳异性。<br />
<br />
大队干部像在为ー块化石做讲解:“……咱村守着滑石山,过去不让开,后来王 济夫书记在喇叭里号召大伙儿勤劳致富,弟兄三个去年干了一年,成了万元户……<br />
<br />
是不是玉贵?”<br />
<br />
满玉贵抬起头来,不正眼看人,“嗯”了一声,又闷下头去。<br />
<br />
“去年盖了四间新瓦房,老六说上了媳妇。先弟弟,后哥哥……是不是玉贵?”<br />
<br />
这话半带戏谑,满玉贵脖子转了转,没有吱声。<br />
<br />
满玉贵也曾有过美好的青春年华,身上充满了生命的汁水。可是,当他进入 “青春发育期”的同时,也进入了“饥寒交迫期”。那一年,老五得了“老虎卡”死在 医院里,交不上住院费,医院不让往回拉尸首,一家人四处求借,又把一 口半大猪卖 掉,オ把小尸首拉回来。没几天老三得了同样的病,医院干脆拒之门外,活活死在 家里了。<br />
<br />
从那,900元的债务一直压得四条汉子直不起腰来。<br />
<br />
一位心理学家说,青年期的本能发动是青年人格再造的契机。面前端坐不动 的满玉贵,不正是由于两种饥饿、两种压抑造成的性格的变形吗?<br />
<br />
“你们都帮帮他的忙啊!”我对众人说。<br />
<br />
有人插话:“前天邻村一个治保主任坐拖拉机摔死了,撇下媳妇和两个孩子。”<br />
<br />
我说:“抓紧给办!”<br />
<br />
ー个笑容在满玉贵脸上闪过,充满羞涩,也充满向往,像乌云遮蔽的天空忽然 显出的一道霞光,把ー个秘密也透露出来一前些年由于物质生活的匮乏,这个老 光棍已经断了娶亲的念头,现在的致富之路又唤起了他的阳刚萌动,“死灰复燃”。 不久前,县里开专业户代表大会,满玉贵特意去做了一身料子服,他要像个人样地 走在女同胞面前！<br />
<br />
今天的性文化尚受着经济的制约。当我们清算“左”的路线对中国农村造成 的挫伤时,很少把性——这ー具有人类意义的事情考虑在内！<br />
<br />
“你要去坑里看看吗?就早一些……”满玉贵面孔对着我,眼睛却不看我。<br />
<br />
我随他下到了深深的滑石坑里,那里面又潮湿又黑暗,有些地方要趴下身子オ 能过得去。<br />
<br />
他每天就下到这里面,跪在地上,用镐头ー下下刨掘着,然后用辘伊绞上去。 那是对自己命运的刨掘,对失去年华的刨掘,他要从那里面寻找出失落的希望吗?<br />
<br />
回到满玉贵家来,76岁的老父亲气喘吁吁地对我说:“早年给玉贵提亲的也 有,一打听,弟兄多,不干;这几年有提的,问有房吗? 一听还没盖,又不干。哥哥没 有,弟弟也不找,两个都误下了……这眼下钱不愁了,俺打算再盖他八间房,给老大 和老二娶上媳妇,俺也就没心事啦。”<br />
<br />
对面是老六的新房。<br />
那是沙漠里的一片绿洲,那是一座不会幻灭的“海市蜃楼”！<br />
<br />
新房是ー个诱人的红火的世界。顶棚上裱着粉红色的花纸,坑上放着火红花 被。屋子里到处都是“花”:花瓶里插着的,镜子上挂着的,塑料花盆里“开”着的, 还有缝纫机上蒙着的……玻璃板下压着小夫妻到大连旅游结婚留下的合影。有一 幅是在圆明园“创造世界”的石碑下照的。新房充满了温馨的气息。<br />
<br />
新媳妇从山上回来了,她粗壮,健康,圆圆的脸盘,双眼皮,长得很喜相,而且, 她的腹部已经微微隆起……<br />
<br />
她走进了这个家庭,不但实现了一个“人”的个性的和谐与完美,也给这个濒 于破灭的家庭带来了生气和活力。<br />
<br />
新媳妇在炕前叠着从院里收回的一堆衣服,不时用目光瞟一下陌生的客人。<br />
<br />
而满玉贵站在门外,一直没有踏进这个“世界”,也从不看他的弟媳一眼,只顾 闷头抽着烟。阳光下,他的脸有几分涨红。<br />
<br />
他站在幸福的门外,<br />
<br />
丢掉了钥匙。<br />
<br />
他在等待着,<br />
<br />
寻找钥匙的人归来……<br />
<br />
姊妹们<br />
<br />
——关于女性的尊严<br />
<br />
这是在著名的“金城天府”招远县城里,ー个“姊妹理发店”的招牌,受委屈似 的挂在凹进去的街面上。<br />
<br />
这招牌引起我的好奇心:“这是农村来的个体户吧?”<br />
<br />
陪同我的同志神秘地朝我摆摆手:“别提它了!”<br />
<br />
“怎么回事?”<br />
<br />
“不正经……卖淫。”<br />
<br />
“这不会!”我不知为什么一下子就站在她们的立场上,“光天化日之下,怎么 可能呢?再说有街道,有公安。”<br />
<br />
“街上都这么说。”<br />
<br />
“你见过吗?”<br />
<br />
“没有。”<br />
<br />
“我们下午去理理发吧!”<br />
<br />
“不 我不去〇”<br />
<br />
下午,我们还是ー起去了。但陪同我的同志跨进姊妹理发店时的神色是紧张 的,还下意识地回身看了一下是否有熟人瞧见。<br />
<br />
屋里的理发设施ー应俱全。墙上挂着《大众电影》《大众电视》《人民文学》和 ー些小人书。长案上放着ー些摇铃、汽车、吹塑动物等儿童玩具,长案下面还放着 ー些雨伞。经营者的慧心可鉴。<br />
<br />
三姊妹身穿白色的工作服,正忙于刀剪声中。她们的年龄在16至25岁之间。 都生得白皙、苗条。老大温柔、沉静,烫着“波浪式老二留着“波卷式”,看得出性 格比较活泼、伶俐;老三是“青年式”,嘴角上含着一股刚强之气。她们的目光一直 低垂着,里面藏着沉重的东西。<br />
<br />
大姐理完了一个,淡淡地望了我ー下,那就是她的语言了。我过去坐定后,主 动和她搭讪:<br />
<br />
“你们是从哪里来的?”<br />
<br />
“陈家沙埠。”她很矜持。<br />
<br />
“家里几口人?”<br />
<br />
“七 口。”<br />
<br />
“分了多少责任田?”<br />
<br />
“三亩。”<br />
<br />
“种地怎么办?”<br />
<br />
“农忙了回去。”<br />
<br />
“吃饭呢?”<br />
<br />
“原来从家里带,现在买着吃。”<br />
<br />
“住在哪里呢?”<br />
<br />
她乜了一眼镜子里的我,冷冷地:“城里。”便垂下眼皮,不愿再回答我的问话。<br />
<br />
姑娘,你不要误解了文学,生活走到哪里,文学就跟到哪里。它愿做每ー个生 命的守护神,为她艰难的跋涉喊一声号子,为她暗夜的寻觅送ー支烛光。姑娘,愿 意向我打开你的心扉吗?<br />
<br />
姑娘的名字叫郝朝霞,两个妹妹叫郝彩霞和郝丽霞。这是霞光一样美丽的名 字,却落在ー个贫穷的村庄里。干部走马灯似的换了一茬又一茬,到如今村里一个 ェ副业项目也没有。队里规定:凡是劳动カ都得向大队交费用。男劳カ每年交二 百,女劳力每年交一百（这和那些商品生产发展比较好的大队,给予农田补贴形成 <br />
了鲜明的对比）。她们家欠着队里600多元的账,郝朝霞初中毕业后,只得辍学回 村,跟着当理发员的父亲学起了理发……<br />
<br />
“姊妹理发店”的牌子在招远县城挂起来了!那店牌牌上的字是干了一辈子 理发营生的老父亲亲手写的。<br />
<br />
农村姑娘进城办第三产业,这本身就是一种挑战,向国营企业的“铁饭碗”挑 战,向传统的习俗挑战!这种挑战必然要遇到传统势カ的反击。<br />
<br />
她们按照美的原则去修剪着生活,而生活却把丑恶推到她们面前一<br />
<br />
一群喝醉了酒的青工晚上闯进来,视这些农民的女儿如手心玩物,口出秽言; ー个心怀叵测的人把ー张纸条塞给姑娘,约她幽会;捕风捉影的谣言随之而起……<br />
<br />
在中国,有什么比这种道德的飞短流长更能置人于死地?有人要把无形的裹 布重新缠到她们脚上。<br />
<br />
这个小小的理发店,离县政府并不远。但愿妇联、共青团的目光早日注意到 她们!<br />
<br />
临别时我对她们说:“你们可以把土地转让出去,专ー在城里从事这项工作,还 可以在城里买地皮、盖楼房,理直气壮地生活!”她们不时地发问:“这行吗? 行吗?”<br />
<br />
行的!扬起头来吧,姐妹们!你们已经作为先进生产力的代表,走上了历史的 舞台！用你们手中的剪刀,去剪断传统束缚在你们身上的绳索。这是新的妇女运 动史！在韧性的抗争中,取得你们的自尊、自强、自重、自爱！<br />
<br />
女性的尊严,在你们自身的创造之中！<br />
<br />
夫妻们<br />
<br />
关于夫妻关系<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系ー:蘑菇,开门吧!）<br />
<br />
他,姜希增,腰里掖上一头“猪”,千里迢迢去山西原平农学院找一位李教授。 他在《中国青年》上看到李教授关于食用猴头菌可以抑制癌症的文章,专程去拜 师一他的父亲和祖母都是因为癌症过世的。<br />
<br />
他从山西买回了菌种,他回家来搞的试验却失败了。<br />
<br />
妻子史春芝犯了胃溃疡,在炕上ー边哼哼一边抱怨:“家里穷得连饭都吃不上, 你把ー头猪胡摆治了……”<br />
<br />
姜希增ー肚子火气正没处出,吼了一声:“老娘儿们家就会穷叨叨！”<br />
<br />
这使史春芝大为伤心,她本来就满肚子委屈。当初和他结婚,那是冲他在外面<br />
<br />
“吃国库粮”,指望跟他“跳农门”,上大城市。!961年工厂下马,他捧着个“光荣 证”回了乡。混不上吃,混不上穿,每年靠一位吃薪金的叔叔捎包旧衣裳、补贴20 块钱接济。两口子每有齟齬,史春芝总少不了一句传统骂语:“当初俺上了你 的当!，，<br />
<br />
每听到这里,姜希增都不再吱声,好像这桩婚姻完全是由于他的骗局造成的。<br />
<br />
他想再去ー趟山西,却筹集不起路费。<br />
<br />
后来听说莱阳农学院也有微生物课程,便瞒着老婆骑上自行车去了,在学校大 门口见人就拦:“哪个老师教微生物?管种蘑菇?”<br />
<br />
史春芝一天没有见到丈夫,心中好生纳闷,待傍晚看到他又傻呵呵带着ー些菌 种回来时,ー赌气关上了房门。<br />
<br />
“他妈,开门吧!”<br />
<br />
没有吱声,和旧生活告别的夜晚是凄冷的。<br />
<br />
“蘑菇,开门吧!”<br />
<br />
蘑菇向他把门敞开了!他在室内试种了 20平方米的蘑菇,获得了可喜的 收成!<br />
<br />
姜希增又拿出半亩责任田来种植他的理想。1983年收入9000斤蘑菇,纯收入 5000多元;菌种收入3000多元。还有个收益是老婆的变化,她的胃溃疡竟然吃蘑 菇吃好了,脾气也变好了。<br />
<br />
现在姜希增是胶东有名的“蘑菇状元”。他不仅在本村带起了十几个专业户, 还搞“技术输出”,应邀到各地做技术指导,光缴学费的学生就有60多人。<br />
<br />
“他出去跑,家里这ー摊子就揭给我!”史春芝爽快地对我说。<br />
<br />
“你会吗?”<br />
<br />
“看也看会了！过去我不是反对他,是对经济不放心。孩子还上学,拉下饥荒 怎么办?现在他花3000多块钱买设备,我都不说他……”<br />
<br />
姜希增自得地坐在“生当作人杰,死亦为鬼雄”的诗联下,他不但敲开了致富 之门,也在“拜师”的热潮中得到了一种精神的满足,ー种人格和道德的完善。现 在他反过来挑剔着妻子:“老娘儿们家眼光就是短浅,光认钱。有几个钱,又烧得 慌,要给孩子做’将军服’,你怎么不做个’元帅服’、做个蟒袍玉带?老百姓要穿老 百姓服!”<br />
<br />
史春芝像个少女似的,嗔怪地瞧他一眼:“就你能!”把一杯浓茶摆到他面 前 <br />
<br />
商品生产调节了这个家庭的夫妻关系,虽然它不免带一点“夫贵妻荣”的封建 <br />
色彩,但毕竟是靠自己的劳动换来的和谐和荣耀!<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系二:空中丝绸之路）<br />
<br />
我在牟平龙泉乡访问了一对年轻夫妇,他们乘坐飞机到西藏销售服装,开辟空 中“丝绸之路”,充满了传奇色彩。这不仅意味着他们的时间观念和生活方式的改 变,其中还包含着ー种象征:新一代农民在起飞。<br />
<br />
小媳妇叫于政芳,今年23岁,她已经不甘于母亲那样的生活一把一双脚用 布裹起来,一生厮守着锅台和鸡窝。首先在“终身大事”上,她就挨弃了 “媒妁之 言,父母之命”的旧传统。<br />
<br />
从我记事起,村里就有一些不断翻新的有关婚俗的儿歌:“小嫂小嫂快快长,长 大了跟村长,穿皮鞋嘎嘎响……”“ー个兜的靠边站,两个兜的看ー看,三个兜的叫 爹也干!”发展到近来已是:“收音机带相片儿（电视）,缝纫机带锁边儿,自行车带 冒烟儿,手表带跑星期天儿。”这些儿歌虽不能登大雅之堂,却在某种程度上反映了 经济变化对人们婚姻观的影响。<br />
<br />
而今,姑娘们在寻找发展商品生产中涌现出来的能人。于政芳就是几年前到 威海给包工的农民做饭时,认识了“エ头”吕宝帅,主动求爱的。<br />
<br />
我第一次去吕宝帅家访问,夫妇双双去温州做生意去了,只有外公带着小燕妮<br />
<br />
（看来他们还是崇拜马克思的）在家看门。<br />
<br />
我第二次访问见到了于政芳。她上着粉红色的确良夏衫,下着乳白色的百褶 裙,坐在折叠椅上。而炕头上横着ー个ー米多长的老式大枕头。<br />
<br />
挺秀气、时髦的ー个姑娘,ー张ロ却不时显露出粗野一她保留着祖辈传下来 的ー些语汇:“驴XX进的”“妈拉个腿儿”……而ー提及夫妻关系,她总是说成“老 婆汉子” 〇<br />
<br />
她讲起坐飞机的感受:“真舒服呀！开始上升的时候难受ー阵儿,飞平了什么 也觉不出来。云彩绒嘟嘟的,伸手就能抓住,就和画上的嫦娥奔月ー样……”乘了 几个来回的飞机,她体验了“嫦娥奔月”和“仙女下凡”的滋味。上百元一张的飞机 票,节省了 !4天的时间,这是他们的父辈所不具有的时间价值观。<br />
<br />
“死了也闭眼了,不光坐了飞机,还坐了大轮船!”她说着,拿出一本大相册,那 上面有他们在各地的留影:有的在布达拉宫,有的在西湖苏堤,有的在上海南京路, 有的在天柱峰……那全是用自己的照相机照的,他们过着旅游式的生活。从这些 相片上可以看出ー个农村姑娘的演变,由“炊帚把”到烫着披肩发;由粗布衣到时 髦裙装……她自豪地说:“就差香港和台湾没去了！”我看到茶盘里堆着些废车票, 那是没有人给他们报销的<br />
<br />
“现在还去西藏吗?”<br />
<br />
“不去了,最后一趟让人坑了一下子。”她不愿讲被“坑”的详情,也不讲丈夫出 差去了哪里,忽然对着外屋喊了声:“凯乐!”（那是印度故事影片《奴里》中一条狗 的名字）接着一条大黄狗欢跳着跑进来。这个农民的女儿剥开ー块价值两盒火柴 的金纸奶糖,向空中一丢,大黄狗熟练地ー下咬到嘴里,甜甜地嚼起来。她接着又 剥开了第二块 <br />
<br />
（夫妻关系三:青烟升处有人家）<br />
<br />
1983年冬月,邢春香去江苏金湖县农机厂看望当临时エ的儿子,这是她第一 次出远门。<br />
<br />
她在那里看到橡胶车间全是女工,活儿不累,也挺赚钱,设备只是ー个压カ板 和一个小烘炉。<br />
<br />
邢春香带了几个橡胶制品回来,和老头子肖振竹商量:“咱办个家庭エ厂吧。” 老头子摇摇头说:“上哪弄资金?”邢春香说:“现在兴贷款,挣了再还!”老头子又愁 销路,邢春香说:“孩子有个干爹跑供销,能帮忙。再说一回生,两回熟,三回成了老 主顾。”老头子还愁没技术,邢春香说:“咱儿子就能当老师!”<br />
<br />
经过一番筹措、铺排,第一批货出厂不久,嘎嚇嚇的票子就汇过来了,这一下小 山村轰动了!村里大闺女、小媳妇、壮小伙子都争着来当“工人”。现在这位老嫂 子自命为“经理”,讲话满口新名词儿:<br />
<br />
“眼时咱体制小,用不了这么多人,资金也流动不开。<br />
<br />
“这一次生产的都是汽车、火车上用的橡胶制品,销北京汽车装配公司,天津宏 光五金厂、吉林铁路上、银川刚拉上关系……跑外都是我,采胶得上远地,沈阳、天 津……老头子从来没出过门,打怯……<br />
<br />
“说起来我进这家20来年了,连个悖悖也吃不上,光吃地瓜。一年分三四十斤 小麦,不够来客的,有一 口半口好吃的,也都先尽他爷们儿……”<br />
<br />
丈夫肖振竹一那个被控诉对象,在忙着做午饭,一直没有搭言。这个种庄稼 能手,现在矮了半截。他作为家庭重心的时代已经结束了。<br />
<br />
瞧这ー家子<br />
<br />
关于家庭内部关系<br />
<br />
今天,以血缘关系和传统伦理道德维系着的农村家庭,正接受着新文明浪潮的 冲击,正悄悄地产生着一些微妙的变化。<br />
<br />
这ー家子是掖县徐家公社原家大队人。全家13 口人,成员构成是4个儿子、3 个儿媳、1个女儿、2个孙子、1个孙女,加上老两ロ。按常规,这个大家庭将面临分 家的边缘,家长们也只能靠伦理观念和封建的家长权威来调节儿女妣姓之间的 矛盾。<br />
<br />
1983年初,54岁的原成芳老汉为了给家中的劳カ找出路,办了个家庭塑料厂。<br />
<br />
老汉和老伴商量:“队上办厂子为什么跨了?就是没有章程,整天打打吵吵,最 后只剩下个空房子。”老伴说:“都是自己家里的人,定不定规矩不要紧。”老汉说: “那不行,丑话头里说。现在不定,以后出了问题再定就晚了。”<br />
<br />
晚上,老汉召集家庭会议:<br />
<br />
“中央叫咱致富,咱得给政府壮壮脸,咱这个工厂要办就办好!现在竞争这么 厉害,没有个章法不行,第一条咱得有个厂长!”<br />
<br />
当然,没有人敢和老汉竞选,儿女们只觉得新鲜有趣,忍俊不禁举手通过了“爹 厂长”。<br />
<br />
老汉说:“好,我是厂长了,就按エ厂的条条办。麻雀虽小,五脏俱全,下面我来 给你们分分工……”<br />
<br />
这位“厂长爹”的分エ是颇有心计的:大儿子兼会计;闺女兼考勤员;老四负责 生产调度和质量检查、现金保管一他没成家,没有私心;老汉兼管技术和供销;老 伴管“后勤”。8个劳カ,分四班倒,6小时ー班,每班有定额。媳妇、姑娘エ资制, 每月25元,这是搽胭脂、抹粉钱,年底再分红。坚持考勤制度,迟到1分钟扣半天 エ资,超过5分钟扣1天工资……<br />
<br />
章程订出来了,全“厂”通过,大红纸ー写,贴在迎门墙上。<br />
<br />
大媳妇娘家是珍珠乡大辛台人,来去30里。一次回娘家,她晚回来10分钟罚 去了 1天工资。大媳妇第二次回娘家,撇下已经下到锅里的饺子,一身大汗地蹬着 车子赶回来。<br />
<br />
我去这个家庭エ厂访问时,他们已被评为“五好家庭”,女儿原素玮被评为“好 小姑”。<br />
<br />
我问这位“好小姑”：“你和你嫂子那么好,替她多干ー会儿不行吗?干吗要 罚呢?”<br />
<br />
“好玄！这个嫂子误一会儿,那个嫂子误一会儿,还不把我累死!”</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_02&diff=154713Report CN EN 022023-03-12T14:28:52Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* Liao Lujia */</p>
<hr />
<div>Please translate from Chinese to English and use the [[Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms]]. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: [[Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023]]<br />
<br />
=Contents=<br />
1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》[[Lingnan Englisch]] Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters<br />
<br />
2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》[[Goldbank Englisch]] Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
<br />
3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian [[Report_CN_EN_01]] Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters<br />
<br />
4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia [[Report_CN_EN_02]] Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu [[Report_CN_EN_03]] Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan [[Report_CN_EN_04]] Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan [[Report_CN_EN_05]] Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing [[Report_CN_EN_06]] Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu [[Report_CN_EN_07]] Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi [[Report_CN_EN_08]] Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing [[Report_CN_EN_09]] Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong [[Report_CN_EN_10]] Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan [[Report_CN_EN_11]] Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing [[Report_CN_EN_12]] Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
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15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin [[Report_CN_EN_13]] Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters<br />
<br />
=Liao Lujia=<br />
画家认真地考虑了一会儿:“噢，这里正需要你。请你给我们比画比画，对一对画稿上的人物动作。”<br />
The painter seriously considered for a moment: “Oh, you are needed here. Please imitate the action of the characters on the sketch for our reference.” <br />
<br />
The painter seriously considered for a moment: “Oh, I need you here. Please imitate and check the action of the characters on the sketch for our reference.” <br />
<br />
“好吧。”妻子应允了。<br />
“Okay.” The wife agreed.<br />
<br />
“Okay.” The wife agreed. <br />
<br />
兰英在画家的摆布下做出各种形体动作。幸亏她二十年前是文艺活动积极分子，有一点儿舞蹈的功底，动作自然，修长的身材也很理想。这件事消耗了不少时间，画家左右顾盼，一面导演兰英的姿势，一面审视画稿上的人物。对于抱病在身的兰英来说，这是超额的负担。而她以极大的耐力保持端庄的体态，苍白的、疲乏的脸上露出安详的笑容……<br />
Lan Ying made various physical movements on the painter’s instructions. Fortunately, she was an active member of literary and artistic activities twenty years ago, with a little dance skills, natural movements, and an ideal slender body. This consumed a lot of time because the painter looked left and right, directing Lan Ying's posture while examining the characters on the sketch. For Lan Ying, who was sick, this was an excessive burden. But she maintained a dignified posture with great endurance, and a serene smile appeared on her pale, tired face...<br />
<br />
Lan Ying made various physical movements on the painter’s instructions. Fortunately, she was an active member of literary and artistic activities twenty years ago, with some basic dance skills, natural movements, and an ideal slender body. It consumed a lot of time for the painter to look left and right, directing Lan Ying's posture while examining the characters on the sketch. For Lan Ying, who was sick, it was an excessive burden. But she maintained a dignified posture with great endurance, and a serene smile appeared on her pale, tired face... <br />
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几天以后，兰英登上北去的列车，离开北京。丈夫到车站送行。直到临行前的一刻，妻子也没有向丈夫说出自己的病情。兰英反复考虑了得失。作为一个外科医生，如果给自己开一张治疗单的话，她将毫不犹豫地写下“立即住院，手术切除”。对付无情的肿瘤的治疗关键，不管它是良性的还是恶性的，千万不可贻误时机。但是，她想到了丈夫，还有超越丈夫个人的一桩美好事业。一旦她住院动大手术，丈夫也将毫不犹豫地陪伴她，伺候她，因为在这个世界上她再没有别的更亲的亲人。那样，画家手里的工作就会停顿，至少也会受到影响。丈夫正在艰难的艺术道路上奋力一搏，不可耽搁。兰英只好放弃自己的治疗，哪怕这个治疗意味着生的希望，也要去换取艺术生命的顺延。这个意念，从她爱上画家的那一天起，就埋藏在心底很久很久了。<br />
A few days later, Lan Ying boarded the northbound train and left Beijing. The husband went to the station to see her off. Until the moment before leaving, the wife did not tell her husband about her illness. She repeatedly considered the gains and losses. As a surgeon, if she gives herself a treatment list, she would not hesitate to write “immediate hospitalization, surgical removal”. The key to treating a ruthless tumor, whether it is benign or malignant, is to treat it in time. However, she thought of her husband, and a good career that transcended him. Once she is hospitalized for major surgery, her husband will not hesitate to accompany her and serve her, because she has no other relatives in this world. In that way, the work of the painter will stop, or at least be influenced. The husband was struggling on a difficult artistic path and cannot be delayed. Lan Ying had to give up her treatment, even if this treatment meant the hope of life, in exchange for the extension of artistic life. This idea has been buried in her heart for a long, long time since the day she fell in love with the painter.<br />
<br />
A few days later, Lan Ying boarded the northbound train and left Beijing. The husband went to the station to see her off. Until the moment before leaving, the wife did not tell her husband about her illness. She repeatedly considered the gains and losses. As a surgeon, if she had given herself a treatment list, she would not have hesitated to write “hospitalize immediately and surgically remove”. The key to treating a ruthless tumor, whether it is benign or malignant, is to treat it in time. However, she thought of her husband, and a good career beyond him. Once she was hospitalized for major surgery, her husband would not hesitate to accompany her and serve her, because she had no other relatives in this world. In that way, the work of the painter would stop, or at least be influenced. The husband was struggling on a difficult artistic path and could not be delayed. Lan Ying had to give up her treatment, even if this treatment meant the hope of life, in exchange for the extension of artistic life. This idea had been buried in her heart for a long, long time since the day she fell in love with the painter. <br />
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一声长笛，列车开走了，载着一颗平凡而又伟大的女性的心，消失在迷茫的雾霭中……<br />
When the train whistled, it drove away, carrying the heart of an ordinary but great woman, and disappearing into the fog of confusion...<br />
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When the train whistled, it drove away, carrying the heart of an ordinary but great woman, and disappearing into the fog of confusion... <br />
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袁运生和他的合作者废寝忘食，一忙就是四个月。绘制工作已接近尾声，拐过墙壁的一角，出现了西双版纳黄昏的景色。淡蓝色的清辉中，一株热带丛林特有的鸡蛋树，繁茂的枝叶像一簇绣球，围成美丽的屏风，晚浴的傣族少女手里擎着陶罐，把清冽的泉水向自己的身上倾洒。她们那长长的秀发拂散着，波浪起伏，垂向地面，宛如高山流水的涟漪。浴后的少女正梳理自己的长发，云鬓花颜，脉脉含笑，像是在为自己的青春而骄傲……<br />
Yuan Yunsheng and his collaborators skipped their meals and sleep, which lasted four months. The painting work was coming to an end. Turning around a corner of the wall, you can see the scenery of Xishuangbanna at dusk. Under the light blue moonlight, there was a Passionfora edulis unique to the tropical jungle. Its luxuriant branches and leaves were like a cluster of hydrangea, forming a beautiful screen. Girls who took a bath at night in the Dai ethnic minority held up the earthenware jar and poured clear spring water down their body. They wore their long and undulating hair down, and let it hang down to the ground, which seemed like the ripples of water flowing from high mountains. Girls after the bath were combing their hair and they had a tender smile on their face, as if they were proud of their youth...<br />
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Yuan Yunsheng and his collaborators skipped their meals and sleep, working for four months. The painting work was coming to an end. Turning a corner of the wall, you can see the scenery of Xishuangbanna at dusk. Under the light blue moonlight, there was a Passionfora edulis unique to the tropical jungle. Its luxuriant branches and leaves were like a cluster of hydrangea, forming a beautiful screen. Girls who took a bath at night in the Dai ethnic minority held up the earthenware jar and poured clear spring water down their body. They wore their long and undulating hair down to the ground, which seemed like the ripples of water flowing from high mountains. Girls after bath were combing their hair with a tender smile on their face, as if they were proud of their youth...<br />
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环绕着少女的形体，有几根飘逸的线条，那是打底稿时勾出的衣着的轮廓，画家还拿不定主意如何去处理。在描色绘彩的过程中，来往于这座大厅的观望者，对墙上晚浴的少女给予特别的关心，想看看到底给不给她们穿上衣裳。<br />
Surrounding the girls’ figures were a few flowing lines, which were the outlines of the clothing drawn during the draft. The painter, however, was still uncertain how to deal with it. In the process of painting, the onlookers walking to and from this hall paid special attention to the girls taking a bath on the wall at night, because they wanted to see whether these girls should be dressed or not.<br />
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Surrounding the girls’ figures were a few flowing lines, which were the outlines of the clothing that was sketched out in the manuscript. The painter, however, was still uncertain how to deal with it. In the process of painting, the onlookers walking to and from this hall paid special attention to the girls taking a bath at night on the wall, because they wanted to see whether these girls had their clothes on or not. <br />
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洗澡（而不是泼水）需要脱去衣服，这是生活中的常识。在生活中，傣家妇女表现得更为天真。画家在西双版纳的日子里，曾多次和傣族男女在井旁、在澜沧江里沐浴。她们落落大方，归真返璞，看待裸体如同大自然的造物，并不觉得很神秘。“我承认，我的封建意识要比她们多。”袁运生诚恳地说，“这使我增加了对她们的崇敬。”在绘画史上，裸体语言是具有丰富表现力的一种艺术语言，早以古希腊的维纳斯为代表，发展成为独立的审美部类。同样地，用裸体语言去表现作者对妇女的崇拜和对生命的大声赞美，就成为壁画当中这一部分特定的场景所必须。更何况他画的是神话传说而不是习俗……<br />
Taking a bath (rather than splashing water) requires undressing, which is common sense in life. In life, Dai women were more innocent. When the painter was in Xishuangbanna, he bathed by the well and in the Lancang River with Dai men and women many times. They were generous, simple, and treated nudity as a creation of nature, so they did not feel it was very mysterious. “I admit that I have more conservative thinking.” Yuan Yunsheng said sincerely, “Because of this, I am more respectful of them.” In the history of painting, language of nudity is an artistic language with rich expressiveness. Represented by Venus in ancient Greece, it has developed into an independent aesthetic category. Similarly, using the language of nudity to express the author’s admiration for women and praise for life had become a must for this particular scene in the mural. What’s more, what he painted were myths and legends rather than customs...<br />
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Taking a bath (rather than splashing water) requires undressing, which is a common sense in life. In life, Dai women were more innocent. When the painter was in Xishuangbanna, he bathed by the well and in the Lancang River with Dai men and women many times. They were natural and graceful, treating nudity as a creation of nature, so they did not feel it was very mysterious. “I admit that I have more conservative thinking.” Yuan Yunsheng said sincerely, “Because of this, I am more respectful of them.” In the history of painting, language of nudity is an artistic language with rich expressiveness. Represented by Venus in ancient Greece, it has developed into an independent aesthetic category. Similarly, using the language of nudity to express the author’s admiration for women and the praise of life had become a must for this particular scene in the mural. What’s more, what he painted were myths and legends rather than customs... <br />
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看来，画家打错了主意？<br />
It seemed that the painter was wrong?<br />
<br />
It seemed that the painter got the wrong idea? <br />
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在一些人的眼里，裸体造型乃西方“夷狄之恶俗”！西方的物质生活愈是富有，精神文明就愈是贫困得衣不遮羞。我们恰恰相反，精神文化的大革命与物质生产的大倒退出现在同一时期。十年中，人们的视觉高度净化了，中国妇女甚至不愿穿裙子，不穿旗袍，不穿紧身衫，把全身裹得严严的，以免显露多变的线条，玷污了别人的双眼，亵渎了自己的形体。然而，把美学观点当成邪恶观念革除的结果，并没有淳化社会的风尚，却带来精神的贫乏和堕落。于是，纳清泉于浊流，把艺术和犯罪搅成一池浑水。<br />
In the eyes of some people, nudity was the “evil custom of barbarians” in the West! The richer the material life of the West is, the poorer the spiritual civilization is. On the contrary, the great revolution of spiritual culture and the great retrogression of material production occurred at the same time in our country. In the past ten years, people had more requirements. Chinese women didn't even want to wear skirts, cheongsams, and tights so that they can wrap their whole body tightly and not to show changeable lines. By doing so, they won’t make others think it unholy, and desecrate their own body and shape. However, treating aesthetics as the result of getting rid of evil concepts did not purify social customs, but brought spiritual impoverishment and degradation. As a result, just like the pure springs were turned into muddy currents, art and crime were mixed.<br />
<br />
In the eyes of some people, nudity was the “evil custom of barbarians” in the West! The richer the material life of the West is, the poorer the spiritual civilization is. On the contrary, the great revolution of spiritual culture and the great retrogression of material production occurred at the same period in our country. In the past ten years, people's vision had been highly purified. Chinese women didn't even want to wear skirts, cheongsams, and tights so that they could wrap their whole body tightly and not to show changeable lines. By doing so, they won’t make others think it unholy, and desecrate their own body and shape. However, treating aesthetics as the result of getting rid of evil concepts did not purify social customs, but brought spiritual impoverishment and degradation. As a result, just like the pure springs turned into muddy currents, art and crime were mixed into a pool of muddy water.<br />
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盛夏,当“晚浴”的画面脱颖而出的时候,虽然几个少女的形象是装饰性的、象 征性的和简约的,仍不免引起一场轩然大波。<br />
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这并不显眼的一角却引来ー批又一批的观众,有好奇者、过路者、担忧者和看 热闹的。人们用不同的口气纷纷议论,惊叹的、严厉的或粗俗的……<br />
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这是多年来在中国现代壁画上第一次出现裸体,作者冒天下之大不題了。如 要排难解纷,也最容易不过了,提起画笔,抹上几下,给人物穿上短衫和筒裙,不花 任何成本。他和他的全家人就会逢凶化吉,消灾避难。但是,他不愿那样做。他想 到历史上围绕裸体艺术问题的ー场争论。<br />
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六十年前,上海有一批勇敢的画家,为了在教学和创作中运用裸体的问题而受 尽辱骂。当时,报纸上刊登连篇累牍的围剿文章,说画家是“伤风败俗”“欲令世界 上女子入无耻之地位”“坏我中国男女之大防”……而那时上海的ー班轻薄少年、 无业游民,拍摄裸体照片招徘贩卖,更给攻讦者以口实。直至触怒了军阀孙传芳, 拍电报通缉画家。画家奋身迎战,全无惧色,写文章说:“无赖市俭制作妓女裸体之 照片及淫画,诲淫以牟利,鄙人疾之深……于上海美专何尤?于鄙人何尤?”“鄙人 提倡艺术之志不能夺……虽赴汤蹈火,鄙人无辞。”那场斗争的结果,画家得胜,军 阀败北。<br />
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历史走过了半个多世纪,时代不同了,而美术界的ー桩旧案犹未了结<br />
“我们遇到的已经不是人体问题了。”袁运生对同伴说,“这关系着美术界的思 想解放!”<br />
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他们坚持没做改动。把壁画中的这个细节当作一枚问路石,投向粉碎“四人 帮”以后展现在面前的艺术春天之路。<br />
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舆论的压カ毕竟太大。在绘制工作尚未完成的时候,为了给画家提供安宁的 绘画环境,机场和施工单位的有关人士出于善意,将大厅的门窗遮了起来。于是, 这组现代化造型的大门,贴上了一层用我国传统方法生产的厚厚的牛皮纸;那幅用 进ロ丙烯颜料绘制的壁画,掩映在古典色彩的暗黄的光晕之中。画家得到了暂时 的安宁,继续做他们还没做完的事……<br />
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不是结尾<br />
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10月下旬的一天,秋风漫卷黄沙,在北京城市街道的上空掠过。袁运生走在 大街上,迎着风,迈着快步,浓黑的长发在风中飘动……<br />
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首都机场壁画群的绘制工作已全部结束。以张仃为首的艺术家和美术工人获 得巨大的成功。各报刊和电视台竞相载播了一幅幅具有鲜明特色和现代风格的壁 画:《哪吒闹海》《森林之歌》《巴山蜀水》《科学的春天》和《泼水节一生命的赞 歌》……美术界和社会上像刮起一阵灼热的旋风,引起了强烈的反应。全国第四次 文代会召开前タ,一群文艺界、理论界、建筑界、外贸界、新闻出版界的知名人士来 到首都机场参加了揭幕式,向艺术家们连连祝贺。<br />
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国外发出一片赞誉。外国朋友站在候机楼的大厅里,用鉴赏的眼光环顾四壁 说:“北京机场将以它的壁画而闻名于全世界。”“它使人ー进入中国就有一个强烈 的印象,这种艺术是ー个国家国力的象征。”<br />
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日本著名画家平山郁夫也赶来参观。他说,中国文化在历史上有两个高峰:汉 朝与唐朝,他相信第三个高峰正在到来。他笑着对袁运生说:“看了你的壁画,我觉 得西双版纳美极了。真想改变这次旅行的计划到那里去走一走……”<br />
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这些天,袁运生忙得不可开交,会见外宾,接待采访,登台演讲,塞满了每天的 日程。自甘寂寞的日子已成为过去,随之而来的是荣誉、掌声、祝酒。如同从崎岖 的山路踏上开满鲜花的峰峦……他在大街上走着,风沙阵阵扑来,衣襟在随风摆 动。此刻,与辉煌的成功所带来的喜悦正相反,他的脸色异样地悲戚、沉痛,像严冰 ー样冻结,像岩石一样冷峻,漠然中似有无限懊悔……<br />
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呵,你是为了什么?难道你还不满足吗?或者你仍在担心政治风向的变化?<br />
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不。他并不担心这些,他是自信的。二十多年了,他怀着对艺术的真诚,向着 ー个既定的目标顽强地探索,在任何挫折面前从来没有气馁。他热爱祖国的艺术, 因为和苏联的绘画理论持有异见而被划成“右派”,如今采取相同立场的人被看作 是坚定正确的表现。他热爱江南水乡,因为画出农村集市的美好景象而遭受打击, 如今遍布全国的集市比那时更加繁荣。生活呵,三十年河东,三十年河西!他已不 再相信那些暂时的、轻率的结论了,他本人的个性和艺术的个性都在劫难中得到强 化,成为独立于结论之外的存在。<br />
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那,你为什么悲伤?为什么沮丧?<br />
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只为他的妻子、知己、事业的后盾和患难的伴侣,这时正衰弱地躺在医院里。 直到几天以前,他才知道了兰英向他隐瞒的病情。在疾病的煎熬中度过了四个月, 兰英的健康崩溃了!她离开长春的时候,病体枯槁,形销骨立。为她送行的女伴从 她的脸上看不见一点血色,都把这当作最后的诀别,抱头痛哭,泪洒长街。此刻,她 静静地躺在北京的一所医院里,像是累了,一旦卸下肩上的重担,无言,无怨,也无 望,只等待手术的判决……<br />
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ー个人站立起来了,另ー个人倒下去了,而她是为他倒下去的。自从他俩在南 去的列车上ー见倾心,她自愿做出的牺牲实在是太多了。如果妻子果真从此再也 不能站起来,那么丈夫取得的今日成功对她来说还有什么意义呢?她是职业医生、 贤妻良母,也是献身于艺术的人。她的贡献永远不可能得到报答,在任何一部美术 经典中也不会给她这样的妇女留下ー笔,只留下刻在丈夫心中的痛苦的记忆。<br />
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画家沿着大街奔向医院,内心掀起风暴。他的眼睛湿润了,白蒙蒙的泪花在眼 眶里滚动。<br />
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他想到在茫茫的大千世界里有两种人最接近于艺术:ー种是诚实的艺术家;另 ー种是虽不懂艺术却纯真而质朴的人,如他可爱的妻子。<br />
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他们别无所图,只为艺术。承认他们的耕耘劳作,是容忍艺术存在的最低限 度。而他们遭受来自艺术之外的磨难太多了,难道不能少ー些吗?<br />
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他走在北京的大街上,含着泪水的眼睛射出期望的光芒。<br />
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后记:<br />
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本文发表后,女主人公经治疗而痊愈。又辻了若干年,男主人公只身旅美,世 事变迁未可尽述。<br />
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——作者<br />
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（原载《十月》1980年6月）<br />
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中国姑娘<br />
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鲁光<br />
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忠诚,就忠诚自己的土壤;<br />
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追求,就追求自己的理想。<br />
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引自友人的诗<br />
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这是一曲振奋人心的搏斗之歌。它的主旋律,就是祖国的荣誉高于一切!<br />
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人们把体育比喻为ー个民族精神的橱窗。那么,就让我们打开中国女排这个 小小的窗ロ,看ー看我们中华民族应有的精神风貌吧!<br />
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圣保罗黎明的灯光<br />
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南美洲,巴西的繁华都市圣保罗。公元1977年夏末,午夜之后。<br />
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光怪陆离的霓虹灯还在疲惫不堪地闪耀着,车水马龙的街衢却已经空寂无人。 坐落在闹市街头的A旅馆的灯火已经熄灭,ー扇扇古老的百叶窗静静地垂挂着。 从世界各地来参加第一届世界青年排球锦标赛的青年男女们在这儿下榻。<br />
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在ー个房间里,古朴的百叶窗和深红色的窗帘把宽大的玻璃窗遮盖得严严实 实,华丽的吊灯也已关熄,只有那一座台灯在散发着柔和的淡黄色的微光。两张素 洁的单人床相距咫尺。周晓兰和韩晓华的眼睛已经闭上了,看样子已经进入梦乡 了,其实,她们的思绪却像潮水ー样起伏着。<br />
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晓兰轻轻地翻了个身。<br />
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晓华的眼睛睁开了:“晓兰,你睡不着?”<br />
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“嗯!你呢?”<br />
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两位姑娘把身子朝对方挪了挪,脸冲着脸,几乎闻得着对方温热的鼻息。<br />
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晓兰是个秀美、文静而又沉稳的姑娘。她扬了扬修长的眉毛,感慨道:“明天, 就是我们搏的时候了。”<br />
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晓华也感慨起来:“是啊,也许,咱们这ー辈子就只有这么一次搏的机会呢!”<br />
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“睡吧!”她们又互相提醒着。<br />
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重新闭上眼睛,合上嘴唇,不再吭气,并在心里一个劲地叮嘱自己:“睡吧!睡 吧!别想了!”但是,理智还是经不住感情波涛的猛烈冲击。<br />
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晓兰的那对明净的眸子又在闪动了。她想,索性睁开眼睛,也许可以把那些滚 滚奔来的思绪赶跑。她看见,那雪白的房顶竟然变成一幅宽大洁白的银幕,映现出 几个月前在香港预选赛中发生的情景:沸腾的九龙伊丽莎白体育馆,赢了球而狂抱 ー团的韩国女选手,失望而去的港澳观众,伤心哭泣的中国姑娘……那一双双哭红 了的眼睛啊!<br />
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干吗要回忆这些伤心事?晓兰又紧紧地闭上了双眼。但等她再次睁开眼睛 时,房顶上又映现出两行赫然醒目的阿拉伯数字:〇:3,0：3。<br />
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这两个〇:3,正是她们在香港预选赛中输给韩国青年女排的不光彩的记录。 耻辱啊,这真是一个奇耻大辱!<br />
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不过,她清晰地记得,当时她没有哭。不是她不想哭,她真恨不得号啕大哭ー 场。实际上,酸楚的、悔恨的泪水,已经涌到眼眶里了,她咬着嘴唇,硬是把它憋回 去了。当时她在心里对自己说:“好汉流血不流泪。哭,是永远也哭不赢的,圣保罗 决赛时再见吧「’兴许正是这把不服输的炽热的火焰,把伤心的泪水给烧干了吧!<br />
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现在,她就躺在圣保罗闹市区的旅馆里。她们的对手一韩国青年女排就住 在离她们不远的房间里。明天晚上,不,应该说是今天晚上了,离此刻只有十多个 钟头,她们等待了一百多个日日夜夜的激战,就要打响了。<br />
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“她们会不会也睡不着呢?”晓兰又禁不住开口 了。<br />
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晓兰说的“她们”,是指三位队友:湖北姑娘周俊芬、广西姑娘温美玲和浙江姑 娘林辉。<br />
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晓华翻身坐了起来,说:“打个电话试试,如果她们也睡不着,干脆把她们叫来, 再一道合计合计。”ー边说,ー边已经拿起电话听筒,轻轻地拨动了电话号码。<br />
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“喂,睡着了吗?睡不着?那就到我们屋来ー趟吧!悄声点,不要惊动指 导……”<br />
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周俊芬、温美玲和林辉,蹑手蹑脚地穿过寂静的走廊,来到晓兰、晓华的卧室。<br />
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两张单人床已经并到ー块儿。五位中国姑娘趴卧在这张“大床”上,脑袋凑拢 在ー起。说来也真巧,这五位姑娘都出生在!957年,眼下刚满二十岁。山东姑娘 晓华是共产党员,其他四位姑娘当时都是共青团员。二十岁,正是贪睡的年龄呀!<br />
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“韩国二传好,但我们个儿高,网上比她们强。”<br />
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“她们上半年赢了我们,有点轻敌;而我们憋了一肚子气,赢球心切,斗志旺。”<br />
“从实カ看,她们还是比我们稍强一点。不过拼起来,就难说了 〇”<br />
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她们把自己和对方的长处、短处,都摆了个够,又互相叮嘱了一番,鼓励了一 番,最后,达成了一个不成文的“秘密协议”:如果输了球,谁也不许哭鼻子;赢了球 嘛,可以痛痛快快地哭。<br />
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谈呀,聊呀,不知不觉已经到了凌晨4点多钟了。这时,她们オ意识到自己是 彻夜未眠!在临赛的前夜,这是绝对不许可的。如果此事让领队、指导知道了,挨 ー顿狠剋是肯定的。<br />
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韩晓华毕竟老成一些,已经想到这一点了。她对大伙说:“一旦露了馅,我是队 长,我来做检讨。”<br />
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晓兰是个挺有心眼的姑娘。她说:“会是在咱们房里开的,要检讨,咱们俩ー 道写。”<br />
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其他三位姑娘发急了,说:“要写检讨,就咱们五个人一道写。”晓华挺幽默地 感叹道:“只要赢了球,写检讨心里也痛快呀!”此刻,太阳还没有把黎明的曙光洒 向大地,可以躺下来美美地睡上一小觉。晓华和晓兰没有把床再分开,关熄了台 灯,紧挨在ー块儿,闭上眼,就沉沉入睡了。尽管过不了一会儿,街上就开始喧腾, 但那些嘈杂的刺耳的声响并没有把她们惊醒。她们实在太困倦了,让她们安安静 静地睡吧,哪怕多睡上几分钟也好。<br />
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趁她们熟睡之机,让我们来回叙一下能把眼泪憋回去的这位姑娘的ー些往 事 <br />
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1970年春天,太行山区。启明星吐射着清冷的银光,山野笼罩着月色。一位 十二三岁的瘦高少女,背着草绿色的书包,神色惶惶地行走在山野小路上〇她每天 都顶着月色从山村出发,翻越两座荒山秃岭,步行二十多里,赶到公社小学上课;傍 晚,又步行二十多里,沐浴着苍茫的暮色,从公社小镇返回荒僻的山村。在那个“读 书无用”的年代里,村上除了她之外,没有一个女孩子读书。男孩子上学的倒有几 个,但他们走得快,这个刚从大城市来的少女赶不上他们。所以,朝朝暮暮,她总是 只身孤影。<br />
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这是ー个冬天的雪夜,纷纷扬扬的大雪覆盖着山野。放学后,她踏着积雪,爬 上了一道山坡。天已黑咕隆咚的,她偶尔ー抬头,看到山岭上闪亮着两团淡淡的绿 光。那是什么光呀?在夏夜,山野里有飞动的萤火虫,ー闪ー闪的,亮着忽明忽暗 的绿光。密集的地方,简直可以形成一片绿色的灯海。可是,那两团淡绿色的光, 比萤火虫的小小绿光要大得多,况且,现在也不是夏季呀！乡亲们给她讲过鬼火的 传闻,难道她真的碰到鬼火了吗?不过,她并不相信人间真的有鬼,自然也不相信 有鬼火了。那是什么光呢?她又往雪坡上走了几步,那两团绿色的光盯着她,ー动 也不动,使人觉得阴森可怕。这个从小在上海姥姥家长大的城市少女的心颤抖了, 连她自己都听见心儿怦怦的跳动声,脚也迈不动步了,开始哆嗦起来。她想起来 了,乡亲们说过,这山野里有狼。没有错,那一定是狼的两只凶恶的眼睛!<br />
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Part Two<br />
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狼是会吃人的动物!在幼儿园里,她就听阿姨们讲过大灰狼的故事。她万万 没有想到,自己会在这白雪茫茫的冬夜,在这荒山野岭上,孤身ー人碰见它！她几 乎要被吓得瘫软了,身子紧靠在山崖上,连气也不敢喘。她摸索着躲进了附近山崖 上牧羊人避风躲雨的土洞。<br />
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她就是周晓兰。她是随父母亲到山村落户的。妈妈是一位医生,毕业于上海 医学院。爸爸是一位工程师。他们本来都在太原一家工厂里工作,如今“臭老九” 不吃香,被“下放”到山村来“脱胎换骨”。不过,这两位“老九”还是希望自己的女 儿有点知识,宁肯狠狠心,让她每天步行四五十里山路上学读书。<br />
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雪,仍然无声无息地飘洒着,山野里万籁俱寂。晓兰蜷缩在山洞里,也不知过 了多久。她想,不能老这么躲着,家里人不知急成什么样子了。她大着胆子探头看 了一眼,外面只有飘舞的雪花,绿色的光团不见了。可恶的狼呀,你是走开了,还是 躲藏起来了呢?她不知道。她要回家,否则妈妈会急死的。她将身子探出洞外,又 仔仔细细地观察了好一会儿,还是不见动静。她哆哆嗦嗦地挪动步子,向山坡上走 去。开始是慢慢地走,后来就快步走,最后是深ー脚浅一脚地飞跑起来。她听见后 面有嚓嚓的响声,仿佛那只狼追赶着她似的。其实,那是她自己的脚踩踏雪地发出 的声响呀！可那时,她分辨不出来,只顾跑,跑呀跑,一直跑回村里。<br />
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离家老远,她就看见那间干打垒小屋里亮着昏黄的灯光,听见从屋里传出来的 说话声……她还是跑着,上气不接下气地奔跑着。推开门,她带着一身雪和一身寒 气,ー头扑到妈妈怀里,忍不住地哭了起来,哭得那么伤心,那么委屈。<br />
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这时,已经是深夜12点多钟了。<br />
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“晓兰,怎么啦?”妈妈忧心如焚地望着女儿。<br />
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晓兰隐瞒了路上发生的一切,哽咽着只说了一句话:“下雪天,路难走。睡吧, 妈妈,我累了！”她知道,如果把真情实况说出来,妈妈、爸爸是会不让她去上学的。<br />
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几天之后,晓兰オ把那天晚上的险遇,如实地告诉爸爸、妈妈。不过,她对妈妈 说:“乡亲们说,狼怕打腿。我以后带上一根棍,就不怕狼了……”<br />
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冬去春来,冰雪消融,山花绽开。晓兰依然只身孤影在山野小路上匆匆而行, 手里总拿着ー根木棍。她的胆子大起来了。如果再遇到狼,她真的会上去跟它搏 斗一番。但从那天晚上之后,她再也没有看见过那阴森可怕的绿色狼眼。也许,豺<br />
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狼也是欺软怕硬的,知道这位少女变得厉害起来,不敢贸然来犯了。<br />
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后来,当她进入山西省队当运动员时,人们也发觉她的胆子特大,大得都有些 惊人。<br />
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有一天晚上,她去太原一家医院看望住院的妈妈,从医院出来的路上,只有她 ー个人,而前头却有四个流氓拦住了去路。<br />
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流氓们向她招手,嬉皮笑脸地说些不三不四的话:“过来!过来!”<br />
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晓兰的心虽然也咚咚跳得厉害,但她显得十分镇静,大声斥问:“你们要干 什么?”<br />
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流氓们又招招手:“过来,过来比比个儿!”<br />
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她什么话也没有再说,ー步ー步默默地向前走去。<br />
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大概这伙流氓从来还没见过如此大胆的姑娘,ー时惊呆了。晓兰走到他们跟 前,用手使劲ー拨,突然从中间穿越而过,飞快地向前奔跑着。流氓们如梦初醒,紧 紧尾追着。她头也不回地飞跑,飞跑,心想:“追吧,我是运动员,你们追得上吗?”<br />
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这时,迎面驶来ー辆公共汽车,刚刚打开门,她就纵身ー跃,跳上车去。汽车响 着引擎,疾驰而去,把几个无耻败类远远地抛在黑暗之中。<br />
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动乱的岁月,苦难的生活,荒漠的山野,孕育出她的独特个性:文静、内向,而又 刚强、勇敢。当这种个性与祖国的荣辱结合到ー起时,顿时闪射出璀璨的光芒。<br />
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天大亮了。晓兰和她的姐妹们还在酣睡。在她那张秀丽的脸庞上,透出ー种 坚忍不拔的神情,仿佛在告诉人们:韩国的姑娘们,等着瞧吧,今晚非赢你们不可！<br />
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重新点燃的希望之火<br />
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上午,中国青年女排做赛前练习。汽车从A旅馆出发,穿越闹市街头,向体育 馆驶去。中国姑娘们无心欣赏令人目不暇接的异国都市风光,有的在闭目养神,有 的在沉思,有的闭上眼睛之后还真的睡着了。<br />
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领队阙永伍心里不禁纳闷起来:“大清早怎么就打瞌睡呢?”她就追问姑娘们。 起先,姑娘们还严守“机密”,但经不起一再追问,终于有人“坦白交代” 了。<br />
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车上的空气顿时紧张起来。姑娘们怀着忐忑不安的心情,等着挨剋。<br />
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阙永伍是一位四十五六岁的中年妇女,个儿不算高,但清瘦有神。她望望坐在 ー边的指导邓若曾和曲培兰,默默地交换着眼神。<br />
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过了一会儿,机灵的姑娘们就从领队、指导们脸部和眼神的细微变化中,做出<br />
了自己的判断:喜悦多于指责。<br />
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果不然,阙永伍开口说话了:“中午这一觉,可一定得好好睡呀厂’<br />
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中午,姑娘们ー倒下就睡熟了。阙永伍却像吃了兴奋剂似的,一点睡意也没 有。她的思绪回到了十年前,祖国的花城广州。<br />
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1967年初,珠江中的小岛ー二沙头。虽然是隆冬季节,岛上依然草木葱茏, 修竹挺立,绿树滴翠,米兰吐香……阙永伍身穿运动服,坐在江边的石凳上,痴痴地 望着滚滚东去的浑浊的江水,眼里嚙满了晶莹的泪花。也许这是她参加革命以后 头一次掉泪。泪水,伤心的泪水,洒落在江水中。国家女排的姑娘们,站在ー边,默 默地注视着这位已经三十六岁而未结婚的教练,生怕她突然纵身跳进江里去。<br />
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有位队员甚至冒冒失失地问她:“指导,你会不会跳江自杀?”<br />
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跳江?她还不至于如此没有出息。但她确实感到空前的委屈和说不出来的伤 心一应该说,是极度的悲愤。<br />
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再过几天,她将率领中国女排去日本参加世界排球锦标赛。根据当时的实カ, 中国女排将会名列前茅。但是昨天从北京传来了十二道金牌,勒令她火速回去揭 发交代问题。理由只有一条,因为她是排球队里的“保皇派”。这犹如从天上倾倒 下来ー盆冰水,泼洒在她那颗炽热似火的心上。<br />
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在即将出征的关键时刻,朝夕相处的阙指导要离开她们,女排的姑娘们就像丢 掉了自己的灵魂似的,不知所措。主力队员董天姝、李杰英、韩翠青,不顾一切地奔 到指导住的小楼,砰的一声推开房门,恳求说:“指导,你不能走啊!……”<br />
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阙永伍望着窗外粗壮高大的英雄树,眼泪夺眶而出,心里像刀割似的疼痛。<br />
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董天姝哽咽着说:“指导,要想得开呀,自己保重……”别的话,再也说不下 去了。<br />
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几天后,“女皇”江青也降旨了:排球队不要出国,回北京参加“文化大革命” !<br />
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对阙永伍来说,这是ー个致命的打击。难道自己为之奋斗了半辈子的事业,自 己为之不惜牺牲一切的事业,就这样夭折了吗?难道几代中国姑娘为之贡献了青 春年华的事业,就这么半途而废,毁于一旦吗?她伫立江边,默默地向大江发问,向 苍天发问。但是,她得不到任何回答。她悲愤得几乎要发疯了!<br />
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猛烈的江风,吹散了她的ー头秀发;滚滚的江水,卷起了她心海的波涛。<br />
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她十八岁那年,和她ー起参加工作的九位姑娘都先后结了婚。她也被人追求 着,“红娘”还是她的一位顶头上司。但她不想过早结婚,趁“红娘”出差之机,将男 方送来的照片退了回去,并写了一封表示歉意的信。其实,当时她正在“热恋”。 “恋人”就是那只白色的大皮球。<br />
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这一年,她参加了在罗马尼亚首都布加勒斯特举办的世界青年联欢节。当时 中国人虽到处受到外国朋友的欢迎,但“东亚病夫”的帽子尚未摘掉。有的外国朋 友来到中国运动员的驻地,总是好奇地想看一看中国姑娘的脚是不是“三寸金 莲”。当时,我国的体育技术水平是相当落后的。中国女排与保加利亚女排打了一 场,第一局吃了个鸭蛋,第二局得二分,第三局得四分,三局加在ー起オ得了六分。 在那次比赛中,只有我国著名游泳选手美传玉获得一百米仰泳冠军,在国际体坛 上,为共和国升起了第一面灿烂的五星红旗。耳听着雄壮的《义勇军进行曲》,眼 看着鲜红的国旗徐徐升起,阙永伍热泪横流。在她的心底里萌生出ー个强烈的愿 望:献身祖国的体育事业,为祖国的荣誉奋斗终生!<br />
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中华人民共和国成立初期,没有一个像样的排球场地。她们在天津民园体育 场的足球场上划了一块地方,作为排球的训练场。后来,又搭起一个席棚,作为室 内球场。她们就在泥地上滚翻、摔跌,汗水和着泥土,ー个个都像泥猴似的。她们 在如此艰苦的条件下奋斗了三年,1956年去巴黎参加世界排球锦标赛时,就取得 了优异的成绩,名列第六。<br />
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阙永伍因为胃严重下垂,退出了运动员的行列,但她继续战斗在排球战线上。 1958年,她回到故乡成都,当了省女排的教练。她带的四川女队,曾经几次打败过 国家队。贺龙副总理点名调她到北京工作。1963年,她已经三十ー岁,正与一位 男朋友在谈恋爱,他不情愿她走。她的母亲已经年迈,也希望女儿留在身边。但她 表示,只要领导认为她能胜任国家队教练工作,她就服从国家的安排。<br />
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她只身来到首都。痴心的男朋友一两天就给她发来一封信,催促她成家。有 一封信甚至直截了当地告诉她:“只要你同意,我明天就坐飞机去北京结婚。”<br />
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结婚?不行,绝对不行!她刚到北京,贺龙副总理见到她时,亲昵地叫着她的 绰号,叮嘱她:“猴子,把这个队伍交给你了,一定要带好呀!”眼下,她刚上任,新队 员刚刚从全国各地集中起来,白天黑夜跟姑娘们ー起摸爬滚打,哪有时间结婚成家 呀！球队就是她的“家”。说实在的,连写封信都没有时间！她思虑再三,不得不 给这位心急的男朋友写了一封直截了当的信:“你爱我,就等我,得等几年。等得 了,就等;实在等不了,也就只好吹。”那位男朋友倒也挺干脆,说他等不了。这也难 怪,有几个三十好几的男人,还能再等几年呢?就这样,她的第二次恋爱又告吹了。<br />
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与一个自己喜欢的情人决裂,心中一点也不痛苦,那是假的。她也是ー个有血 有肉的姑娘啊！不过,没日没夜的繁忙,使她渐渐淡忘了失恋的痛楚。<br />
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“文化大革命”爆发前タ,阙永伍已经是ー个三十五岁的老姑娘了。在我们这 个传统观念浓厚的国度里,到这个年龄尚未完婚的,还会引来各种闲话。热心的同 志们在新华社给她物色了一位忠厚老实的男朋友。阙永伍跟他见面时,照例还是 那个老条件:得等几年!<br />
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等几年呢?天才知道!<br />
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调皮的女队员们经常半开玩笑地向她刺探情报:“指导,什么时候吃你的喜糖 呀?”她总是这么回答:“你们不拿冠军,就别想吃我的喜糖。”<br />
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当时,日本女排被称为“东洋魔女”,正称雄于世界排坛。中国女排的口号叫 “打翻身仗”,追赶的目标就是她们。中国女排与日本女排实カ上的差距是相当大 的。日本国家队ーー贝冢女子排球队来访时,中国队只赢过两局球,处于绝对劣 势。日本的另ー支强队一全国一般选拔队来访时,贺龙副总理很想赢ー场球。<br />
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“你们打赢了,我请客。”他抚摸着浓密的短胡子笑着说。回到宿舍,阙永伍半 开玩笑地对队员说:“如果你们赢下这场球,我就请你们吃喜糖。”<br />
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说来也巧,中国姑娘们虽然打得很艰苦,而且眼看要败阵了,但她们最后果真 反败为胜,把这场球赢了下来。汗水还在流淌,姑娘们就像一群叽叽喳喳的喜鹊, 围住指导,不住地嚷嚷:“给我们喜糖！给我们喜糖!”阙永伍想起了贺龙元帅感叹 万分说的一句话“三大球不翻身,我死不瞑目”。她笑了笑,恳切地说:“等打完世 界排球锦标赛吧……”姑娘们不干了:“指导说话不算数……”阙永伍认真地说: “算数,这回真的算数。打完世界锦标赛,我就结婚……”<br />
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1965年冬,日本女排运动员在训练中滚翻救球的最高纪录是四百多次。我们 就超过它,创造五百次。极限训练的对象,正是今天青年女排的指导曲培兰。<br />
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当阙永伍向曲培兰交代任务时,曲培兰没有吭声,只是使劲点了点头。她知 道,等待着她的将是ー场多么严峻的考验！前几天,她的同伴于淑文在北京师范大 学做过一次这种训练,接连滚翻救球二百五十次,看到小于狼狈不堪的模样,姑娘 们都掉泪了。女领队不敢当场掉泪,一次次偷偷跑到休息室哭。而这次,比上次还 要多滚翻一倍呢……<br />
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训练是在ー〇一中学的操场上进行的。小曲上场时,穿ー身崭新的紫红色衣 裤,精神抖擞。两位男教练轮流给她扣球,ー个扣累了,换ー个扣。滚翻到ー百多 次后,小曲红润的脸色变得苍白,浑身上下汗水和着泥水,躺在地上喘着粗气,爬不 起来了。球,还是不停地往她身上砸来。四周围观的上千名师生齐声呼喊:“加油！ 加油！”于是她又挣扎起来,顽强地向来球扑去。<br />
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“三百……”“三百五十……”全场师生齐声数着数。<br />
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她摔倒了,挣扎着起来,再摔倒,再挣扎着起来。球,ー个ー个不停地飞袭而 来。在她眼里,除了这白色的排球之外,一切都消失了。她的心里只有一个信念:<br />
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“超过日本!超过日本!即使死在场上,也要超过日本!”<br />
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崭新的球衣球裤磨烂了,套在膝盖上的两层厚厚的护膝磨烂了,露出了渗血的 粉红色嫩肉……<br />
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两位男教练目不忍睹,手软了,不肯再往下扣球。阙永伍流着泪,走上去,从男 教练手中接过球,使劲向曲培兰扣去。ー个,两个,三个……她心里也响着ー个响 亮的声音:“超过日本！超过日本！”她是凭着这个坚定的信念在扣球的啊！<br />
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空旷的操场上,除了阙永伍的扣球、曲培兰的垫球和重重的倒地声,就只有师 生们的哭泣声和数数声。<br />
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曲培兰奇迹般地挣扎起来,奇迹般地扑救来球,奇迹般地倒地滚翻。<br />
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“四百九十七！”<br />
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“四百九十八!”<br />
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“四百九十九!”<br />
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“五百!”当千百个颤抖的喜悦的声音一起呼喊出这个象征着胜利的数字时, 曲培兰倒在地上动弹不了了。她像ー个从浑浊的泥水里钻出来的人ー样,头发水 淋淋的,身上没有一块干净的地方。她多么想站起来,向观众挥手表示感谢。但她 的双膝软得像海绵,站立不起来。她的双手也不听使唤,沉重得抬不起来。她躺卧 在被自己的汗水浸湿的土地上,微笑着。虽然笑得很吃カ,但这是ー个胜利者的 微笑！<br />
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当然,用今天的眼光来看,这种极限训练并不一定符合科学,甚至是不足取的。 但那一代中国姑娘的精神和毅カ,却是十分可贵,值得赞美的。<br />
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正当中国姑娘们不惜一切代价,在赶超世界先进水平的征途中前进的时候,中 国大地上刮起了一阵大动乱的狂飙,把一切美好的理想变成了泡影。<br />
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阙永伍回到北京,独自坐在那间寒冷的北屋里。她看不见熟悉的排球,见不着 朝夕相处的队员,面前的桌子上,只有供她写揭发、检查用的一沓厚厚的白纸和一 支陈旧的钢笔。她的痛苦达到了极点。当运动员时,她练得那么苦,连男运动员的 鱼跃救球她都练会了。当教练之后,她ー心扑在事业上,一次次地牺牲了自己的爱 情。如今,青春开始消失,鱼尾纹已经爬上她的眼角……她何罪之有?<br />
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女排姑娘们面对着铺天盖地的大字报,也百思不得其解！为祖国争光,这不是 运动员崇高的神圣的职责吗?怎么变成“为修正主义涂脂抹粉” 了呢?不过,她们 的理想的心火,并没有熄灭。她们盼望这场暴风雨赶快过去。到那时,阙指导还带 她们远渡重洋去出征。因此,在那些日子里,姑娘们每天依然聚集到ー起练球。不 久,阙永伍的行动也自由了,又来训练场指导姑娘们训练,而且照样那么顶真,那么 <br />
严格。有的队员关切地问她:“指导,人家不是正批你’女法西斯’,骂你’鬼猴’ 吗?”阙永伍回答说:“批归批,只要你们需要我,我就来指导。”<br />
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谁知,她们对形势估计错误了。这场暴风雨一直持续整整十年。她们失望了, 开始恋爱,结婚,生儿育女。阙永伍也在三十六岁那年,与一直默默等待着她的老 陈完成了终身大事。从此,一代排球明星,在中国和世界球坛上,销声匿迹了。<br />
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等到这场“史无前例”的暴风雨过去,祖国大地春暖花开的时候,人们发现,我 们的祖国已经到了崩溃的边缘。体育成绩大倒退,与世界先进水平的距离拉开那 么远了。老一代的国家队队员们,心有余而力不足了。像董天姝等ー些老队员,还 站了最后ー班岗,带着年轻的新队员,拼了一阵老命。但希望只能寄托在年轻一代 中国姑娘的身上了……<br />
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整个午睡,阙永伍就这么海阔天空地回想往事。下午是准备会,研究如何打晚 上的比赛。她不想责备姑娘们,而想赞扬她们。因为,她看到,老一代中国运动员 的责任感和荣誉感,已经在年轻一代中国姑娘身上得到延续。而这,正是中国女排 重新崛起的希望所在。埋藏在她心底的希望之火,被姑娘们重新点燃了!在准备 会上,姑娘们没有听到领队的一句指责,有的只是满腔热情的激励!<br />
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晚上的比赛,是那么激烈！运动员刚出场,比赛还没有开始,观众台上的加油 战已经达到白热化的程度。韩国的侨民们举起一把把程亮的小铜号,鼓着腮帮拼 命吹;举起一副副呱嗒板,麟麟啪啪使劲打;而我们的侨胞们,则用猛烈的掌声,为 自己祖国的姑娘们加油助威。场上杂乱的声响,震耳欲聋,连站在对面说话都听 不清。<br />
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谁见了这种场面不紧张啊！中国姑娘们的心激烈地跳动着。<br />
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韩晓华生怕同伴们沉不住气,双手合成喇叭,大声说:“别忘了昨晚上说的。冷 静,ー板一眼打!”<br />
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周晓兰望望观众台,大声补充了一句:“台上闹翻天,当作没那么回事。”<br />
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比赛开局,中国姑娘就以13：15相近的比分失利。<br />
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小号声、呱嗒板声、呼喊声,响成一片。<br />
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晓兰紧紧握着拳头,附在女伴的耳边说:“重新开始！还有四局,不要泄气!”<br />
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以下的比赛,真是打得难解难分。中国姑娘以17：15相近的比分直下三局。<br />
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3：1,中国女排终于胜利了！<br />
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欢乐的、激动的泪水奔涌而出。中国姑娘们哭了,真的痛痛快快地哭了。六个 主力,哭着抱成一团。泪水擦去了,又流淌出来。擦不干,抹不净呀！干脆任它流 吧！六位主力姑娘,又紧紧地和领队、指导抱成一团。替补队员也蜂拥而上,使劲 用手掐她们,掐得生疼生疼的。她们高兴得忘乎一切了。后来,别的姑娘都不哭 了,周晓兰还在不住地掉泪。同伴们关切地问她:“你怎么啦,晓兰?”晓兰边哭边 说:“在香港,我不是没有哭吗?现在我是在掉上半年的眼泪呢「’<br />
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这天晚上,周晓兰伏在A旅馆的写字台上,记下了一页动人的日记:<br />
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“3：1打败韩国,这在我国排球史上是第一次。怎么能叫我们不高兴,不欢呼, 不跳跃,不歌唱呢!这时,我オ深深体会到,什么叫幸福。这就是最大的幸福!当 祖国需要我们时,我们能够为祖国、为人民争得荣誉,这就是我们运动员最大的幸 福,最大的快乐！”<br />
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第二天晚上,中国女队与日本女队决赛时,以2：0领先,再赢一局,就登上世界 冠军的宝座了。但她们“雪耻”心切,对拿世界冠军却缺乏足够的思想准备。眼看 冠军即将到手,却打得拘谨起来,结果连输三局,反胜为败。这是多么遗憾呵！也 许她们将遗恨终生！不过,这次输球,没有一个姑娘落泪。回到旅馆已经午夜。晓 兰和晓华屋里的那盏台灯,又一次亮到黎明。她们各自坐在自己的床上,相对无 言,默默地收拾着行装。她们心里都在想,回国后,青年队就要解散了,恐怕没有机 会报日本这个“仇” 了。但是,一定要记住,将来谁进了国家队,谁就要去报这个 “仇”！<br />
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阙永伍屋里的灯光,也一直亮到黎明。虽然,她为这最后ー场的失手感到无限 惋惜,但她的心情却是激奋的。她关掉了台灯,拉起百叶窗。透过宽大的玻璃窗望 出去,外面是满天嫣红的朝霞。她心底重新点燃的希望之火啊,就像那嫣红嫣红的 朝霞ー样,在炽烈地燃烧、燃烧……<br />
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挥动黄手绢唱的歌<br />
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同年深秋,苍茫的暮色,笼罩着日本的商业都市大阪。<br />
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中国女排姑娘们乘坐的大型轿车,顺着五光十色的街道缓缓向前行驶。<br />
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多彩的夜景,与中国姑娘们喜悦的心境是相吻合的。今晚,1977年世界杯排 球赛进入最后一个高潮一发奖。应该说,中国女排的战绩是值得庆贺的。1974 年,中国女排在世界锦标赛中只得了个第十四名。而1976年6月由袁伟民组建的 这支队伍,只经过一年多时间的训练,头一次参加世界比赛,就名列第四,这是我国 女排自1953年建队以来所取得的最佳战绩。而且在世界杯的预选赛中,她们还打 败过“东洋魔女”日本队。这给她们的启迪和鼓舞,也许比第四名的战绩本身还要 深远得多。看来,只要努力奋斗,世界上没有打不败的对手！<br />
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靠窗坐的那位高挑姑娘,叫曹慧英,中国女排的队长。从外表看,她恬静、文 雅,瓜子脸上总露着几分淡淡的笑意。在赛场上,她可完全是ー个“要球不要命” 的姑娘,同伴们都称她为“铁姑娘” 〇<br />
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你看,中国队与韩国队的激战正在进行。ー个险球从曹慧英身边平飘而去。 她飞身扑上去。球救起来了,而她倒在地板上,左腿肌肉拉伤,像撕裂似的疼痛。 她用手使劲拌着受伤的部位,疼得头上冒出了汗水。本来就偏袒的裁判,看到中国 队的主将倒在地上起不来,急不可待地示意曹慧英退场。曹慧英瞥见裁判那种幸 灾乐祸的神情,气不打ー处出,蓦地站了起来,瞪圆了双眼,忍着钻心的疼痛,继续 投入比赛。这局球,中国队虽然以二分之差输掉了,但这位中国女排队长的英勇顽 强的精神,却赢得了全场观众的心。“三号!”“曹一慧一英!”观众们用欢呼, 用掌声,用各自喜欢的方式,表达着对她的敬意。<br />
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她从场上下来时,腿ー抬就疼得像刀割似的,伤处出现了紫红色的瘀血。而第 二天,中国队还有一场硬仗一对世界强队古巴。外国记者们议论纷纷。有的预 测,如果中国的三号不上场,双方实カ的均势就将发生变化,中国队的命运是凶多 吉少。可是,第二天,当银笛长鸣时,曹慧英居然又英姿勃勃地率领众姐妹出场了, 这不仅使许多记者和观众感到吃惊,也给古巴女排在心理上造成了压カ。她的扣 杀依然那么凶狠有力,救球依然那么奋不顾身,你简直看不出她是一位伤员。其实 她的伤情还真不轻,上场前打了封闭针,在伤腿上捆扎了厚厚的几层绑带。她是ー 位挂了彩而冲锋不息的英勇战士啊！中国队终于以3：2击败了古巴队。<br />
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此刻,这位从小就爱唱歌的河北乡村姑娘,正在心里唱着ー支欢乐的歌。今天 是她运动生命史上光辉灿烂的ー页,大会将颁发给她三个奖:拦网奖、敢斗奖和最 佳运动员奖。<br />
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扑哧,她笑出声来了。不过,她倒不是为ー个人独得三个奖而笑。她想起了一 件往事,一件挺逗挺逗的往事。<br />
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她还不到十六岁时,已经长到ー米七七,在乡村里,每次走亲戚、赶集,都招来 乡亲们好奇的目光。她那忠厚老实的父亲可犯愁了,心想,ー个闺女家,手长脚丫 大,再这么ー个劲长下去,怎么得了 ！想来想去,终于想出了一个并不新奇的老办 法:裹脚！<br />
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“裹脚?”曹慧英一听,乐得腰都笑弯了。ー个高高大大的姑娘,配上一双“三 寸金莲”,那成什么怪模样了呢！她嗔怪地对爹说:“你也不琢磨琢磨,如今是什么 时代了,还兴这个!”<br />
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后来,她的妈妈上北京姐姐家串门。姐姐问:“妹妹长多高了?”妈妈说:“别提 她了,高得要命,有个坑都恨不得让她踩进去。”接着,又感叹了一番,“那么个大姑 娘了,走路没个走路的样子,走着走着就来个劈叉……”姐夫ー听,倒高兴了 : “怎 么不叫她去练体育呢?”他认识体育学院的一位教练,写了一封推荐信。<br />
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于是,曹慧英进了体院青年集训队打排球。青训队的排球班开训已经八个月 了,而小曹过去连排球都没有摸过。但好动、朴实、勇敢的性格,使她与排球ー见钟 情。入队不到两个月,她就上场打主力了。后来,她又到八一女排打主力。!976 年重建国家队时,她又被袁伟民看中,调来打主力。她的成长,真可谓是一帆风顺。<br />
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爸爸呀爸爸,当初多亏没有听你的,要不“三寸金莲”怎么上场,怎么为国争光 呀!她望望自己的那双大脚,心里有说不出来的喜欢。<br />
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坐在曹慧英前面的杨希,是小曹在北京体育学院青训队的同窗好友。她出生 于干部家庭,从小就受到良好的教育。她长了一副高挑的身材,省体育队和体院的 教练都看中了她,让她去打球。妈妈有点舍不得,因为杨希个儿虽高,但身子单薄, 怕她吃不了那份苦。爸爸挺开通,说:“大家都说她是搞体育的料,那就让她去吧!”<br />
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一到排球班,她就天真地向别人打听:“练什么最苦?”别人告诉她,练长跑最 苦。她想:“好,那我就练这个。”<br />
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起先,四百米的跑道跑ー圈,脸就苍白,喘不上气来,头昏眼花。但她坚持跑, 而且每星期加一圈。星期天,别人睡懒觉,她也早早起床,到运动场上跑步。最后, 她竟能一ロ气跑下十七圈。她跟曹慧英一样,从青训队到八一队,然后调进了国家 队。球越打越好,观众也越来越多。谁说排球没有人看呢?在日本,出现了一股 “杨希热”,崇拜她的观众成千上万。比赛时,只要她ー站出来发球,场上就发出有 节奏的呼喊声:“喑要一希！喑要一希!”只要她扣杀了一个好球,场上就会发 出雷鸣般的欢呼声、掌声。她在街头或旅馆里一露面,四周就会传来阵阵“喑 要一希！喑要一希!”的呼喊声。人们簇拥过来,跟她握手。握不上手的,哪怕 摸到她的手一下,也感到欣慰。签名的纸板,ー摞送到她手上。她自己也记不清签 写了几百、几千个名字了。有的日本青年挤到她身边,递给她ー支粗大的油墨水 笔,然后指指自己的胸前,让她就在他们崭新的衣衫上签名留念,弄得她不知所措。 而那些日本青年就将她的手拉过去,往身上写。她也记不清,有多少痴情的日本青 年穿着写有杨希名字的衣服,欢笑着狂奔而去。更令人感动的是,有两位日本小姑 娘由妈妈陪着,从几百里之外赶来大阪,目的只是请这位中国姐姐签写ー个名字。 还有许多球迷无缘见到这位中国女球星,就托人辗转送来对杨希的赞美和祝福的 录音带,也有痴情的求爱的录音带……听说日本还成立过ー个五十人的“杨希接待<br />
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委员会”。从日本各地给她写来的信,装了一大麻袋<br />
日本为什么会出现“杨希热”呢?袁伟民曾经向一位日本报纸的记者打听过。 原因有四个:第一,杨希是主攻手,球扣得有力,打得漂亮;第二,杨希球风好,风度 潇洒,无论赢球还是输球,脸上总是笑眯眯的;第三,杨希的名字,在日本语里,是 “有人缘”的意思,叫起来响亮;第四,杨希的长相酷似日本电影明星一《绝唱》的 女主角山口百惠。<br />
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崇拜者们,几乎到处跟踪着她。中国女排到东京比赛,他们蜂拥到东京看；中 国女排到大阪比赛,他们聚集到大阪看。<br />
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此刻,在她乘坐的轿车旁边,就有她的崇拜者紧紧相随。只要车子在十字路口 碰上红灯停了下来,这些球迷就从各种小轿车里伸出头来,向她呼喊,向她挥手 致意。<br />
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作为ー个运动员,何尝不希望有自己的观众和崇拜者?应该说,杨希是幸 福的。<br />
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中国姑娘们步入体育馆大厅时,成千上万辆汽车已把广场堵塞得严严实实。 身着艳丽和服的日本女郎,已经亭亭玉立地站在入口处。颁奖仪式马上就要开 始了。<br />
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颁奖,本是激动人心的欢乐时刻。但对中国女排的姑娘们来说,却变成了一个 巨大的刺激。第一、二、三名,站立在特制的高高的领奖台上,而中国姑娘却只能站 在领奖台ー边的地板上。在日本的国歌声中,太阳旗和第二、第三名所在国的国 旗,在旗杆上徐徐升起。日本选手和第二、第三名的外国选手,高举着奖杯,向观众 致意。而中国姑娘手上有什么呢?每人手里发了一块黄手绢,按规定,她们得不停 地挥动黄手绢向得胜者庆贺。<br />
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中国姑娘们从刚オ来路上欢乐的峰顶一下子跌落下来。如果地板有缝,她们 真恨不得马上钻进去。轻柔如云的一方方黄手绢啊,竟重得把姑娘们的手臂都压 得抬不起来了。胸前运动衣上的“中国”两个大字和闪闪发光的国徽,变成了两团 火,烧得她们浑身发烧,脸发烫。过去,她们也常常听到这句话:“你们是代表祖国 人民出去的。”但感受不深。此时她们オ真正意识到,她们确实不是几个普通的女 排运动员,而是一群中国姑娘,是中国人民的代表。她们深深感到,眼下的成绩,与 祖国的地位太不相称。中国人不应该站在地板上,而应该站立到高高的领奖台上 去。徐徐升起的应该是我们鲜艳的五星红旗,大厅里回荡的也应该是我们雄壮的 国歌。<br />
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该曹慧英领奖了,但她仍然痴痴地站在那里。同伴们捅捅她,她オ迈出了脚 步。她的欢乐劲儿早已烟消云散,她真不情愿去领这个奖。她心里想:“我个人即<br />
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便得一百个奖,也不如全队拿ー个奖杯呀「’<br />
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而杨希呢,真恨不得马上离开这儿,不,离开日本,回到祖国去。练得再苦,她 也心甘情愿!<br />
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颁奖仪式其实オ进行了短暂的ー二十分钟,但中国姑娘们却感到在这儿像站 了漫长的ー个世纪。她们不知道自己是怎么回到休息室的。她们默默地聚集在ー 起,没有人掉泪,也没有人说话,休息室里的空气仿佛已经凝固了。突然,沉寂中爆 发出低沉、悲壮的歌声:<br />
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“没有眼泪,没有悲伤……”<br />
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这《洪湖赤卫队》的歌声,一遍又一遍地重复着。虽然没有任何人指挥,却唱 得那么整齐;虽然没有一个人是真正的歌手,却唱得那么富有感染カ。这种催人泪 下的歌声,在音乐会上是很难听到的。<br />
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在歌声中,一位鬓发斑白的长者,慢慢地摘下眼镜,转过身去,匆匆走出了休息 室。他就是中国排球代表团团长、国家体委副主任黄中同志。他事后说,如果再待 上一会儿,眼泪就要流出来了。<br />
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姑娘们唱着这支悲壮的歌,走出体育馆,登上汽车;唱着这支悲壮的歌,穿过闹 市街头,一直到踏上旅馆的台阶 <br />
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当姑娘们乘坐客机,飞翔在浩瀚的太平洋上空,飞翔在祖国辽阔的蓝天之下 时,心里依然在唱着这支悲壮的歌。这歌声里凝聚着她们为祖国荣誉献身的崇高 精神,凝聚着她们继续向排球运动世界高峰攀登的勇气和力量。<br />
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灵丹妙药<br />
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北京初春的傍晚。崇文门外,太阳宫体育馆门前的ー蓬蓬迎春花,开得正闹。 被簇簇小黄花压弯腰的枝条,竞相往前伸长着,仿佛随时准备迎接从馆里出来的女 排姑娘们。<br />
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暮色由淡到浓,不久天就黑下来了。馆里灯火通明,姑娘们刚刚练完球,汗水 湿透的衣衫紧紧地贴在丰腴的身上。白色的排球撒满一地,姑娘们正弯腰捡拾着。<br />
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“谁还想再加练一点?”教练袁伟民冲着这群疲惫不堪的姑娘大声问道。<br />
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“我加练一点!”一位灵巧秀气的姑娘抬起头来,抢先回答。她两只手抱着十 来个排球,酷似一位杂技演员。<br />
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她叫陈招娣,家住西子湖畔,一位典型的杭州姑娘,是曹慧英和杨希在北京体 院青训队的同窗,又是她们在八一女子排球队的球友。如果你在街上见到她,大概 看不出她是一位女排运动员。其实,你仔细看,在她那江南女子的秀气中,却藏着 几分野劲。那オ是地地道道的运动员性格呢!<br />
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陈招娣把一大抱球放进粗铁丝焊成的筐子里,走到袁伟民跟前,用眼神说:<br />
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"练吧!”<br />
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袁伟民用右手的五个手指,从筐子里抓起了一只球,猝不及防地向她扔了过 去。招娣敏捷地往后退了几步,稳稳地将球垫了起来。不等她站稳,砰一声,球又 从教练手里飞到她的左边,她往斜里飞身迎了过去。球垫起来了,她却摔倒在地 上,就势ー个滚翻,又从地上爬了起来〇<br />
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她的加练任务是救十五个球。如果救丢ー个,就负ー个球。她玩命地向球飞 扑过去,滚翻起来,又飞扑过去。渐渐地,她的双腿发沉了,脸色苍白了。但她仍然 不顾一切地奔跑着、滚翻着、飞扑着。当她救起第九个球时,倒在地上起不来了。<br />
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袁伟民可并不因此而停止扔球。他ー边将球狠狠地扔过去,ー边大声叫: “快厂’“快起来!”<br />
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招娣趴在地上大口大口喘着气,眼看球从自己的身边、头上飞了过去。她不是 不想去救,实在太累了,即使站立起来,也追不上那刁钻的来球。她负了两个球了。 本来是自己主动要求加练的,练一会儿不就完了吗?谁知强度这么大,难度这么 高。招娣心里嘀咕开了 :“袁指导呀,你也太苛刻了。”<br />
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袁指导却不动声色。他ー边扔,ー边不紧不慢地数着:“负三「’“负四！”……<br />
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招娣也冒火了,愣劲ー上来,就不顾一切了,心里说:“扔吧！扔吧！扔吧！”霍 地从地上站起身,气冲冲地嚷道:“我不练了！”走到场外拿起衣裤,就径自朝门口 走去。<br />
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袁伟民这个人也挺有意思的。他不冒火,也不大声嚷嚷,只是不轻不重地说:<br />
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“想练就练,不想练就不练,那不行。今天练不完,明天开始就练你。”<br />
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招娣オ走出几步,猛然转过身,向袁伟民快步走来,把衣裤往地板上一扔,气呼 呼地说:“练就练!”<br />
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请别误会,招娣不是ー个吃不得苦的女子。她生性好强,从不甘心落后。在青 训队时,有一次她的脚腕扭伤走不了路,从宿舍到训练房,有一段相当长的路,而且 刚下过雪,但她拄着拐杖ー腐ー拐艰难地往前走,到训练房时,拄拐杖的手上打起 了许多紫红色的血泡。一位场馆的工人师傅看了感动不已,特地为她的拐杖包捆 上一层厚实的海绵。有一段,她每天尿血,医生怀疑是肾炎,不让她吃盐。她自己 到处找书看,发现是过度兴奋造成的,就对医生说:“不碍事的,注意一点就是了。” 仍然坚持进行艰苦的训练。她的腰伤相当严重,有时打完一场比赛下来,好像腰已 经断裂似的,直都直不起来。有一位医生甚至不同意她继续打球,说搞不好会造成 瘫痪。她含泪恳求医生:“打到这个水平,没有为国家做出贡献就下去,我不甘心 呀!”她ー边配合医生治疗,ー边以巨大的毅カ坚持锻炼,终于延长了自己的运动 寿命。<br />
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这一切,袁伟民心里都一清二楚。顶撞一下他,向他发ー顿火,他并不计较。 说实在的,他非常喜欢招娣的这种泼辣性格。打起比赛来,她还真的拼得出,顶得 住。他常说:“一个队十二个队员都应该有自己的个性,打起球来オ有声有色。如 果把她们性格的棱角磨平了,这个队也就没有希望了。”但此时此刻,他只是用严峻 的目光瞧了她一眼,轻声地问了一声:“开练吗?”<br />
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招娣走到红十字箱跟前,撕了几条胶布,裹在手指尖上。不裹,手指尖裂开的 口子,实在疼得受不了。如果从她打球算起,她用的胶布,拼凑起来至少可以做ー 身衣裤了。她裹好胶布,走回场去,把腰往下ー猫,那意思是:“开练吧!”<br />
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袁伟民一个球一个球地扔着、砸着。招娣奋不顾身地向飞来的球飞扑着、滚翻 着。好不容易把刚オ的负球给补上。九个,她还是只救起了九个球！离十五个还 有六个呢！很明显,招娣的动作变迟缓了。终于,她又倒下起不来了。<br />
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站在ー边供球的姑娘,迟疑地不给球了。袁伟民瞪着眼,叫道:“给球!”他仍 然不慌不忙地扔着球,冲着躺在地上的招娣喊:“球！喂,看球!”<br />
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ー个,两个,她又负了好几个球了。她感到满肚子委屈,站起身,看也不看教 练,拿起衣服,又径直向门口走去。她实在忍受不了了,世界上哪有这么狠心的教 练呀！如果说,真有铁石心肠的话,我看他的心比铁还硬。想着想着,眼泪涌出了 眼眶,洒落在光洁的酱黄色的硬木地板上〇<br />
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“走也可以,还是那句话,明天一早就练你!”身后又传来袁伟民那不紧不慢、 不软不硬的声音。在平日,袁伟民那夹杂着苏州乡音的普通话,在这位杭州姑娘听 来是那么亲切动听,有时她还淘气地跟他说几句婉转似莺啼的苏州土话。但此刻, 他的声音不但不亲切,不动听,而是那么冰冷和刺耳,字字句句都像从冰窖里蹦出 来的。<br />
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她依然往前走着。不过,脚步显然放慢了,ー步比ー步迟缓。快走到门口时, 她站住了。她那被极度疲惫和委屈情绪弄得热昏了的头脑,开始冷静下来,理智回 到了她的心中。她像ー截木头被钉在那儿,ー动也不动。<br />
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袁伟民也站在原地没有动弹,目光盯着这位任性的姑娘,他像一尊石雕似的, 手里还抓着ー个球,一副随时准备砸出去的样子。<br />
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姑娘们用担忧的眼神望着他。她们恨他吗?恨！有时恨不得扑过去,狠狠地 咬他一口。不过,事后冷静下来想想,又觉得他应该这样。不这样,怎么去赶超世 界强队,怎么去为祖国争光呢?<br />
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1978年,简直是中国女排的倒霉年!从日本回国后不久,队长曹慧英在一次 国际比赛中受了重伤,半月板撕裂,住进了医院。腿伤未愈,又发现有肺病,转到结 核病医院治疗。在出访中,又不幸发生车祸,好几位姑娘受了伤。更惨的是,这年 去苏联参加世界排球锦标赛,连第四名都没有保住,只落得个第六名。但她们没有 在厄运面前屈服,既不怨天尤人,也不灰心丧气。她们从技术上、思想上进行了认 真的总结。<br />
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她们明白,冲出亚洲并非易事,走向世界更是困难。中国女排的崛起,不能靠 侥幸,只有靠自己苦练巧练!<br />
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看着招娣那汗湿了的背影,姑娘们的心情是很复杂的。她们深深地同情她,可 又生怕这个任性的姐妹真的会离开自己的球场。有两位姑娘沉不住气了,迈动脚 步向招娣走去……<br />
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正在这时,招娣也迈动脚步了。不过,她不是往前去“抢红灯”,而是来了个向 后转,步子那么猛,动作那么冲地向球场走来。她回来干什么,不用问了。<br />
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加练,又继续下去了。<br />
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不知是喘息了一会儿,还是来了一股邪劲,招娣练得完全忘我了。<br />
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袁伟民见她那么奋不顾身地扑救来球,就笑着说:“招娣,可以减掉几个!”<br />
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招娣用泪眼瞪了瞪他,发狠地说:“不要你慈悲！”<br />
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袁伟民的话,其实也是ー种激将法,因为他深知招娣的性格。<br />
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她终于以惊人的毅カ,垫起了十五个球。<br />
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当她们淋浴后,走出体育馆大门时,那蓬蓬迎春,正在乍暖还寒的春风中,摇曳 着黄灿灿的花枝,热情地赞美这群迟归的姑娘。但是,姑娘们拖着沉重的双脚,匆 匆地从它们身边走过,压根儿就没留意迎春花的多情。也许,它们何时发绿长叶, 何时含苞,何时开花,她们也没有留意过呢！<br />
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回宿舍,她们得上五层楼。五层楼的楼梯有多少个台阶?姑娘们心里可清楚 啦。她们用手扶着栏杆,慢慢地抬起腿,駆牙咧嘴的,有的还发出“哎喑”“哎喑”的 呻吟声。每上一个梯阶,都这么艰难。上上停停,停停上上,凭借着淡黄色的灯光, 互相瞧瞧,ー个个都是这副狼狈相,真是哭笑不得。谁能想到,一群风华正茂的年 轻姑娘,一群充满活力的年轻运动员,上个楼梯竟这么艰难！<br />
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在女排训练场上,像招娣今晚这样的“两走两练”的情景,倒不很多。这是由 她那直率、坦然而又带几分愣劲的独特个性所决定的。但练得这样艰苦,甚至比这<br />
更艰苦的,却大有人在。<br />
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这里是湖南省郴州集训基地〇这天,温文尔雅的杨希因为大腿肌肉受伤,躺在 屋里休息,记者正好访问了她,打趣地对她说:“杨希,过去见你总是笑眯眯的,今天 可见到你哭了 〇”杨希挺实在地回答说:“我哭得可不少,不过,你们不常来看我们 训练,见不着就是了。”接着,她又补充了一句,“我们队上哪个姑娘没有掉过眼泪 呀!你不知道,我们的指导呀,在训练场上从来没有说过满意的话,总是不满意,不 满意。要我们往上呀,往上呀,去赶超世界强队呀。天天努力,天天达不到他的要 求。还让我们天天斗争,天天打胜仗呢! ー个人哪能天天打胜仗呀!就拿这二十 来米的路来说吧,每天一步ー步往训练房走的时候,心里都在斗争。今天身体实在 太累了,伤也犯了,厚着脸皮请一次假吧,可到场上看别人都那么练,自己又不好意 思开ロ 了。忍着伤病练吧。一天练下来,浑身酸疼,饭也懒得去吃。晚上往床上ー 躺,是ー天中最舒服的时候。可一想到明天,又犯愁了,明天该怎么练呀！人们都 说,共产党人是钢铁意志,我们真是钢铁意志呀！只要你稍微松一点,就会被他盯 上,抓住你补课……”<br />
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杨希就给补过一次课,而且还是在国外访问期间呢！她一口气练习滚翻救球 四十分钟。两层裤子都磨烂了,两只大腿都磨破了皮,渗出鲜红的血来。夜里,随 队医生给她敷药时,说:“如果让你妈妈看见,该心疼了！”也不知怎么搞的,她听了 这话,眼泪就禁不住卿地流了出来。<br />
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杨希扬扬两道细长眉毛,咬了咬嘴唇,又对记者说:“我们从来都不让爸爸、妈 妈看我们训练的。他们看到自己的宝贝女儿练成这副模样,非哭着把我们领回家 去不可。平时回到家里,也从来不告诉他们练得如何如何苦,只是说,练的时候累 一点,练完了就不累了。他们去看过我们打比赛,我们在场上摔了几下,他们就担 心得不得了。回到家里总问:’摔得疼不疼?’我们就说:’不疼。’说真的,人都是肉 长的,能不疼吗?不过,比起训练来,比赛算是我们最轻松的时候。还有一次,我回 家去,妈见我这么瘦,ー个劲地追问我,是不是练得太苦了。我告诉她:’妈,我们运 动员不能胖,胖了就跳不起来,打不了球。’妈信了,后来街坊邻居问我为什么这么 瘦时,我妈还帮我说呢!”她突然想起什么别的事似的,话题ー转,问起记者来,“你 说,人有多怪呀?”其实,她并不需要别人的回答,自己笑了起来,接着说下去,“练 得苦时,真想休息半天,哪怕受点轻伤休息半天也好。可是等你真受了伤,这么躺 在床上,心里就不是滋味,又想马上跟大伙儿ー起去练。不过,平时真休息半天时, 那可宝贵了,又想美美地睡上一觉,又想写封信,又想看场电影,又想看篇小说…… 真不知道该怎么过オ好呢!”<br />
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的确,中国女排姑娘们的生活节奏是紧张的。清晨,朝阳还没有从东方升起, 她们像一片美丽的朝霞,从宿舍飘向训练房。傍晚,タ阳已经西沉,她们オ像一片 绚丽的晚霞,从训练房飘回宿舍。她们常常紧张到没有闲情逸致欣赏大自然的美 景。有时候,她们会突然发现马路两旁光秃的树木绿荫如伞,花木葱茏,于是像哥 伦布发现了新大陆似的,惊讶地欢叫起来。有一天晚上,陈招娣对记者感叹地说: “人家的青春,是在花前月下度过的,而我们的青春却在流汗、疲惫、困倦、头脑发涨 之中度过,在紧张、激烈的旋律中度过。”记者回答她说:“但你们的生活过得多么 有意义啊!”招娣颔首笑道:“那倒也是。我们站在高高的领奖台上,当庄严的国歌 在我们耳畔回响,灿烂的国旗在我们头上冉冉升起的时候,我们是感到自己所付出 的一切代价都是值得的。将来,当我们都变成白发苍苍的老太婆时,回想起今天的 生活,将会感到自豪,因为,我们的生活过得很充实,我们的青春年华没有白白地流 逝,它曾经为我们的祖国放射过光和热。”<br />
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道是无情最有情<br />
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如果说,袁伟民在对待陈招娣的加练问题上,有点“过分苛刻”的话,那么,他 对待这堂训练课的态度,简直可以说“冷酷无情” 了。<br />
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坐落在山坡上的餐厅,灯火明亮。餐桌上银白色的火锅,炭火红红,水已经沸 腾,冒着缕缕的热气。伙房里,厨师们已切好菜,配好作料,烧热锅,只等坐落山坡 下的那幢训练房灯光一灭,就马上动手炒菜。但一直等到晚上七点多了,训练房的 灯光依然那么明亮。管理员下去看了一趟,回来说:“看来ー时还完不了,先退了火 再说吧!”<br />
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厨师们等着也没有事干,干脆去看姑娘们训练。<br />
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训练是从下午两点开始的,绝大多数姑娘都已练完,场上只剩下新手汪亚君没 有完成任务了。四川姑娘朱玲和上海姑娘周鹿敏为她垫球、传球。她的任务是扣 杀二十组快攻球。三个好球为ー组。如果三个球中扣坏ー个或扣出ー个一般球, 这组球就不算数。如果扣坏两个或扣出三个一般球,就得负ー组。起先,小汪还不 大在乎,心想到下课时总能扣完。谁知愈扣负得愈多。看到那么多人在ー边陪着 自己,她心里更不好受。扣着扣着,她弯腰站在那儿说:“指导,肚子饿了,练不 动了。”<br />
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袁伟民将球放下,说:“休息一会儿再练吧!”<br />
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厨师们真想劝说大家先去吃饭。但他们知道,在训练场上,他们是不便插嘴<br />
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的。他们用同情的眼光瞧了瞧小汪,无可奈何地摇摇头。<br />
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小汪喝了几口白开水,又开始扣球。扣了一阵,倒下起不来了,趴在地板上哭 着嚷道:“今天我可完不成任务了!……”<br />
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厨师们ー听,眼泪卿卿地流出来了。有的转过身,ー边抹着眼泪,ー边往外走。 在场的记者看到这个情景,也禁不住掉出了眼泪。<br />
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袁伟民对站在一旁加油的几个队员说:“你们有谁愿意帮小汪扣的,可以上 来扣。”<br />
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话音刚落,两位姑娘挺身而出。袁伟民一看,原来是四川姑娘张蓉芳和扣球手 郎平。<br />
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可是,情况并不妙。扣到8点多钟,还剩下好几组。郎平举手喊道:“指导,休 息一会儿吧!”她独自走到ー边,偷偷抹着眼泪。而小汪因为自己连累了这么多人, 心里更不好受,哭出声来了。<br />
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这时,几乎所有的队员都朝袁伟民瞪眼,虽然谁也没有骂出口,但心里一定都 在骂他,恨他。而他呢,仍然站在发球线上,手里拿着球,笑眯眯地喊:“加油呀!加 油呀!”实际上,这“加油”声何尝又不是为他自己喊的呢!他也已经在场上站了六 七个钟头了！<br />
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扣杀再度开始时,场上出现了一个挺有意思的情景:所有的队员都把火气冲着 袁伟民来了,垫得好,传得好,扣得狠。她们精神高度集中,团结一致,每球必争,达 到了玩命的忘我程度,不知扣出了多少个罕见的漂亮球！<br />
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训练结束时,已经是晚上9点多钟了。<br />
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像这类事,绝不是偶尔发生,于是,袁伟民给ー些观看过他训练的人留下的印 象,就是“冷酷无情”的人。<br />
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不过,这位训练场上的“无情人”,一走出训练房,就判若两人了。你看,他和 姑娘们一道汗水淋淋地从训练房走出来了。有一位姑娘,眼泪还挂在脸颊上,嘴嗽 得老高。显然,她还在生他的气。袁伟民笑嘻嘻地打趣道:“嗽得太高了,都可以挂 两个油瓶了……”姑娘先是把脸往旁边ー扭,不理睬他,接着就猛冲过去,使劲捶他 的背,然后是破涕为笑,骂他:“你这个人怎么这么讨厌呢!”<br />
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在这ー捶一笑中,场上结下的“怨恨”顿时烟消云散了。<br />
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其实姑娘们一点也不恨他,相反,特别愿意亲近他。他搬入新居时,淘气的姑 娘们集体敲了他一次“竹杠”：“袁指导,恭贺你乔迁之喜。请一客,吃馄饨!”<br />
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袁伟民笑道:“晚上,你们自己动手!”他急忙给爱人打了个电话,因为他自己 对烹饪是ー窍不通。<br />
袁伟民的新居在新落成的高层大楼里,是个两间居室的套间。姑娘们人未到, 声音先到,ー进屋,就沸腾开了,先像走马灯似的在两间房里浏览了一番,对房间的 布置摆设发表了一通评论,然后,就捋上衣袖,各显神通。陈招娣发现袁伟民插不 上手,就过去跟他下象棋。<br />
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袁伟民的爱人郑沪英,在60年代也是一名排球运动员。虽然她早已成了妈 妈,性格还是有运动员的特点:坦率、热情。她ー边招呼着姑娘们干这干那,ー边也 跟着说,跟着笑。<br />
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等姑娘们说了个够,笑了个够,吃了个够,告辞而去,袁伟民和妻子小郑发现, 糖盒空了,瓜子皮撒了一地,桌子上厚实的玻璃板也碎了。不知是哪位姑娘在上面 切香肠,手头重,给切碎了。肉馅还剩了一大堆,显然是买得过多了……<br />
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如果要指责袁伟民“冷酷无情”,他的妻子最有这个权利。<br />
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大年初二,外面到处是爆竹声声和穿红着绿走亲访友的人们。“排球夫人”郑 沪英却感冒发烧,躺在床上动弹不得。她把身边的唯一亲人一七岁的小儿子叫 过来:“袁粒,妈病了,你去找男排的叔叔,到医务室给妈拿点药来!”<br />
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平时挺淘的儿子,突然变得懂事听话了,点点头跑出门去。<br />
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第二天,小郑的病情不见好转,而孩子又发起高烧来了。娘儿俩躺在ー张床 上。亏得邓若曾教练的爱人蔡希秦来串门,看到这个情景,留下来照顾了她娘俩 ー天。<br />
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袁伟民呢?春节前タ就和邓若曾带着姑娘们南下冬训,正在衡阳为观众打春 节表演呢!<br />
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一年四季,他什么时候把这个家放在心上呵!郑沪英在南京怀孩子时,反应 重,呕吐难受,他工作忙,没有回去照顾她。生孩子时,他工作忙,没有回去看望她〇 孩子都牙牙学语了,还不认识这个爸爸呢！后来,好不容易把她调到北京,照理说, 就在身边,可以多照顾照顾了。但她到北京三年,他竟然没有在家过一个团圆年。<br />
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忙,忙,忙！他总是没完没了地忙。平日里,早上顶着星星走,晚上顶着星星 回。走时孩子还在熟睡,回来时孩子早已进入梦乡。他偶尔也陪夫人看ー场电影, 但总是那么心不在焉,往往看了后面就忘了前面。可过去他是ー个电影迷啊！她 交代给他的事,他往往忘到九霄云外,但对外国强队的那些女选手,对她们的长长 的名字和身高、打法,却可以倒背如流。他对队里的十几个姑娘的脾性也了解得那 么透彻,甚至每个队员在喜怒哀乐时的神情动态,他都可以模仿得惟妙惟肖。<br />
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是的,她有权利怨恨他！但是,说来也怪,她一点怨恨之意也没有。过去,她也 为我国女排赶超世界水平流过汗。今天,虽然不打球了,她的心与女排姑娘们的心<br />
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仍然是相通的。她把实现理想的希望寄托在年轻一代姑娘身上,而自己的爱人是 这支年轻队伍的教练,所以,她全力支持丈夫的工作,默默地承担着繁重的家务,就 连自己和儿子同时病倒的消息也不写信告诉他。而每当他带队出国打比赛,她又 为他和她们担惊受怕 <br />
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朝夕相处的姑娘们了解他,相亲相爱的妻子了解他,也许,了解得最深的莫过 于他的老搭档邓若曾。虽然,邓若曾到国家女排当教练是1979年的事,但他俩相 识在60年代初期。<br />
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1962年,袁伟民从江苏来到国家男排时,邓若曾是这个队的队长和著名的二 传手。袁伟民也打二传。他们为了祖国的荣誉,情感交融在ー起,汗洒在ー起,共 同尝过胜利的欢乐,也一道喝过失败的苦酒。!966年8月,当世界排球锦标赛在捷 克斯洛伐克的布拉格举行时,他们曾用红卫兵的语言发誓:“誓把捷克（世界冠军） 拉下马!”那次激战,起先,中国男排使人眼花缭乱的快攻,把捷队打蒙了,拿下了第 一局和第二局,来了个2：0的下马威。眼看,世界冠军的桂冠,就有希望落到中国 队的头上。谁知形势急转直下,捷队加强了封网,钳制了中国队的速度,以15：11 赢回第三局。第四、第五局,虽然打得难解难分,但中国队最后还是输掉了。当时, 主要是怕输的包袱压得他们喘不过气来。输了,回国怎么向全国人民交代?方兴 未艾的红卫兵会对他们采取什么“革命行动”?越怕输,就越输,事情就这么怪。 为了打这ー仗,他们奋斗了多少年,吃了多少苦呀!攻球手马立克的左臂脱臼,掉 了又捏上,捏上再打,先后掉过ー百多次。攻球手祝嘉铭膝关节出水,凸起那么高, ー抽就是20CC。抽完了,打了又出水……袁伟民为了鱼跃救球,摔在地板上,碰掉 了两颗门牙……如今,这一切努力和心血,都付之东流了。不轻易弹泪的男子汉 们,躲到浴室里号啕痛哭起来了。喷洒的热水和着忏悔的泪水,一道往下流淌。他 们是沐着痛苦的咸涩的泪水洗了一个永生难忘的澡啊!<br />
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他们又背着怕输的沉重包袱出战南斯拉夫队,结果又以1：3惨败。中国队不 用说夺冠军,就连前八名也无望了。南斯拉夫队为他们意想不到的胜利,高兴得抱 成一团,在地上打滚。而中国的年轻人傻在场上不知所措,他们输傻了。他们事后 说:“当时,真像得了一场大病似的,浑身上下没有了一点カ气。”<br />
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应该说,袁伟民是这支失败队伍中的一个胜利者。由于他在赛场上的出色表 现,大会授予他“最佳全面运动员奖”,发给他的奖品是布拉格的著名工艺品一 ー只雕花玻璃杯。然而,他一点也高兴不起来,全队都输掉了,个人得个杯子有什 么意思呢!出于礼节,他还是上台把杯子领回来了。有能力拿冠军,却未拿到,这 个滋味有多难受呀！世界排球锦标赛四年一届,ー个人的运动生命有几个四年啊? <br />
什么叫遗憾终生?这就叫遗憾终生!后来,他把这个精美的雕花玻璃杯摔掉了。 他不愿看到这个失败的纪念物!然而,理想的火焰,在他心底始终没有熄灭。在 “文化大革命”中,当周恩来总理指示恢复排球队时,他毅然担任了国家男排的队 长和二传手,一直打到三十五岁オ下战场。<br />
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1976年6月1日,对袁伟民来说,是ー个值得永生记忆的美好日子。这天,国 家体委将来自全国各地的一群十八九岁的姑娘交给他,重新组建成国家女排,并委 任他担任主教练。这天夜里,袁伟民失眠了。他是那么兴奋,兴奋得心儿都发颤 了。他默想着:“把自己没有实现的理想寄托在她们身上,让她们去实现我们的理 想……”<br />
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袁伟民和他的同事们,开始了新的不遗余力的努力。<br />
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一天晚上,有人敲袁伟民的门。开门ー看,站在他眼前的是壮壮实实的邓若 曾,他刚从国外工作归来。在大动乱的岁月里,他失望过,感到自己为之奋斗了整 个青春的理想破灭了。但后来,排球队恢复了,他又看到了希望,他振奋起来了。 他想:“我们不行了,但可以培养下一代去争,去夺,中国人总有一天要夺到世界冠 军的。”只要有工作,他就抢着去干。他到基层体育学校辅导小孩子们打球,带青年 女排出征。如今,他看到袁伟民挑起了女排这副重担,又主动找上门来了。<br />
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他ー见袁伟民,就坦率而诚恳地说:“小袁,我来当你的助手,咱们一道合作,把 女排搞上去。”<br />
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说出来是这么简单明了的一件事,他却已经酝酿了好久了。邓若曾的妻子蔡 希秦也是一位“排球夫人”,是60年代国家女排的队员。她了解自己的丈夫,也了 解袁伟民。她问邓若曾:“你好强,袁伟民也好强。你们好比两条强龙。两条强龙 的力量合到一块儿,咱们女排就有希望了。如果两条强龙相斗,那可不得了 呀！……”邓若曾虽然朴实憨厚,但他听懂妻子的弦外之音了。他说:“这点,你放 心吧！我一定全力协助小袁工作。我已经四十多岁的人了,不图别的,只图女排翻 个身。需要出力时,我往前;有名的事,我往后。”<br />
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当时,国家队的教练韩云波已调往八一队工作,袁伟民正在物色一位新搭档 呢,他想到了邓若曾。如今,这位老队长亲自登门来了,他是多么高兴啊！<br />
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说起来,他们俩搭伙也有不利的地方。邓若曾打球的资历要比袁伟民长,而 且,“文化大革命”中,他们还分属于两派。但他们互相了解对方的为人,有着共同 的理想和抱负。即使在派仗打得热火朝天的那些岁月里,他们俩也没有红过脸。<br />
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袁伟民紧紧握着邓若曾那双粗大厚实的手:“咱们ー起干!”从此,他们又开始 了患难与共的生活。每当冬训时节,他们总住一个屋子。一天训练下来,姑娘们精 <br />
疲カ竭。这两位四十开外的指导,也背酸腰疼,浑身疲乏。但他们睡得很晚,ー起 琢磨新的战术、新的打法,一起研究第二天的训练计划。他们总是互相关心,互相 体贴,互相支持。陪练、身体训练ー些需要花体力的事,邓若曾总是主动揽起来,让 袁伟民腾出手来,多观察队员们的技术、战术。而当队员们与邓指导发生矛盾时, 袁伟民总是把责任揽过来,维护邓指导的威信。有几次,队员们练着练着与邓指导 顶起来了,袁伟民就从邓若曾手里接过球:“我来!”于是,他把矛盾,把队员的火气 和怨恨,都引到自己的身上来。他们总是这样互相补台,而从不互相拆台。<br />
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他俩的性格是截然不同的。袁伟民比较内向,喜欢思索,爱看书;邓若曾是个 实干家,性格比较粗犷,喜欢钓鱼,爱好唱歌。他向姑娘们学了不少支优美的歌曲。 吃完晚饭,他常常坐在桌前,戴上那副黑边的老花眼镜,对着唱片轻声哼唱起来〇<br />
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“军港的夜啊静悄悄,海浪把战舰轻轻地摇,年轻的水兵头枕着波涛,睡梦中露 出甜美的微笑……”<br />
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说实在的,他唱歌的水平并不高,唱着唱着就跑调了,有时调子还跑得挺远挺 远的。淘气的姑娘们ー边笑,ー边拿录音机往邓指导面前ー摆:“来ー个「’<br />
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邓指导一本正经地问:“来个什么呢?”<br />
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姑娘们将他的军:“当然,来个最拿手的。”<br />
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“好!”邓若曾在录音机跟前站得笔挺,像演员开唱之前ー样,先酝酿感情。<br />
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“军港的夜啊静悄悄……”<br />
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姑娘们知道他迟早会跑调的,都躲到他身后偷笑去了。有时实在憋不住,就笑 出声来。但邓若曾已经进入了角色,旁若无人地继续唱着,而且唱得那么动情……<br />
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就是敞开你的想象カ,也很难想象得出,这么一位爱唱轻柔抒情歌曲的邓若 曾,竟然就是在训练场上充当“打手”的那位ー丝不苟的邓指导。要知道,他那势 大力沉的扣球,不知把姑娘们扣哭过多少回啊！在“冷酷无情”上,他堪与袁伟民 相比。他们同是ー对“无情人”！但在他们的“无情”之中,却又包含着那么丰富的 人类最美好的感情！<br />
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香港的鲜花<br />
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喧腾的九龙伊丽莎白体育馆,突然静寂下来了。中国女排与韩国女排的决赛, 已经打到最后一局的最后ー个球。如果中国姑娘再赢一分,就将以3：0的优势取 胜,成为!979年亚洲排球锦标赛的冠军！<br />
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头一天,中国女排已经以三比ー击败日本女排。日本女排自!962年登上世界 <br />
冠军的宝座之后,一直称雄亚洲和世界排坛,被称为“东洋魔女”。从!976年中国 女排重建以来,虽然也赢过日本队几场,但日本队认为,在重大的国际比赛中,日本 队仍将击败中国队。这次,中国姑娘们团结奋战,立于不败之地。郎平漂亮的重 扣,孙晋芳高超的传球,张蓉芳、陈招娣的顽强拼搏,周晓兰出色的拦网,使得成千 成万观众眼花缭乱。外国记者评论说,中国女排的崛起,意味着“东洋魔女”称霸 亚洲局面的结束。<br />
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最后ー个球的争夺,是那么激烈!白色的大皮球忽而飞到网的这ー边,忽而飞 到网的那ー边,紧紧地吸引着几千双观众的眼睛。<br />
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“砰”一声,郎平的ー记重扣,激起了全场经久不息的欢呼声和鼓掌声,像海涛 击岸,像山洪暴发,像飞瀑倾泻。观众们蜂拥到场子里,将一束束散发着馨香的鲜 花,献给教练、领队和姑娘们。<br />
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中国女排的姑娘们为这个来之不易的胜利兴奋得紧紧抱成一团。两年前,她 们唱着“没有眼泪,没有悲伤”离开日本;今天,她们在香港让欢乐的泪水尽情流 淌。鲜花,是观众们送给她们的,她们又将鲜花撒给观众。鲜花撒向哪里,哪里就 激起一个欢乐的漩涡。人们都希望抢到ー枝中国姑娘撒出来的鲜花带回家去,插 到花瓶里,让家人分享这难忘的欢乐。<br />
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中国姑娘手中的鲜花撒光了,她们高高举起双手,向沸腾的观众致意。<br />
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“亚琼,把这一束花送给你爸爸!”领队张ー沛走到ー位瘦高个的女排姑娘身 边,将一束鲜花交给她。<br />
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陈亚琼好像刚刚从梦中惊醒,这オ想起来,她在香港的父亲今晚特地来看她打 球,此刻还在观众台上呢!<br />
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她用感激的目光望望领队,接过鲜花,就向观众台上飞奔而去。<br />
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观众都争相伸出手向她要花。亚琼赶忙用抱歉的口吻说:“对不起,对不起,这 束花,是送给我爸爸的！”<br />
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她的爸爸和她的小侄子看见她了！他们眼里闪动着泪花,双手向她伸过来,伸 过来。要不是前头有拥挤的观众挡着,他们会向她飞扑过来的。小侄子很自豪地 对周围的观众说:“她是我姑姑！她是我姑姑!”是啊,有这么一位当中国女排主力 的姑姑,他多高兴,多自豪啊！<br />
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“爸爸,你高兴吧!”亚琼将鲜花送给老人,“这是我们领队送给你的！”<br />
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老人高兴地说:“打得好,打得真好！谢谢领队,谢谢大家!”<br />
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老人出神地打量着站在跟前的女儿。含着泪花的眼睛看着她,就像隔着ー层 水,女儿变得模糊起来了。他记得,自己离家时,亚琼オ是一个六岁的娇女孩,想不 到十七年后,她长得这么高,出落成这么ー个有出息的国家女排运动员。<br />
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“爸爸,今天晚上我回家住,住几天再回北京去!”亚琼说完跟老人摆了摆手, 就往场里走去。<br />
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夜已深沉。亚琼靠在汽车软垫上,闭上双目,长长地松了一 ロ气。紧张、激烈 的比赛,已经告一段落。女排的姐妹们,明天就将凯旋,而她将与在香港的亲友团 聚,过几天与内地球队的集体生活迥然不同的香港生活。<br />
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四年前,她母亲从内地来香港与父亲团聚,家中就只留下她ー个女孩子了。母 亲想把女儿带走,对亚琼说:“ー块儿走吧!”亚琼态度是那么坚决:“你们走吧,我 要留下来打球!”那时,她与排球结下因缘实际上只有两年时间。<br />
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1972年深秋,十六岁的亚琼从侨乡永春到福州的亲戚家串门。福建体委的ー 位同志见到了她,连声说:“好,好。”亚琼也不知道好什么,疑惑不解地望着对方。<br />
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过了一会儿,那位体委的同志给她送来ー套崭新的运动衣裤和一双运动球鞋, 叮嘱她:“明天,你就到省女子排球队去!”<br />
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她瞪大了惊愕的眼睛,天真地问:“去干什么呀?”<br />
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那位同志诙谐地说:“你不是喜欢跑步吗?你就跟在她们后面跑步吧!”<br />
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第二天,福建女排的队尾,就出现了这个瘦高瘦高的姑娘。她每天准时到,从 不迟到早退。队里见新来的这位姑娘为人纯真老实,就将保管室的钥匙交给她。 这是一件不太有人愿意干的苦差事:每天练球前,她得先去打开门,拿出球来;而每 天练完球,她得将球背回屋里去,没有气的还得打好气,然后上好锁。这件事,她ー 直干到1978年调往国家队前タ,オ把钥匙交给另ー个队员。<br />
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按照流行的体重计算法,ー个人的标准体重,应该是身高减去整数,用零头乘 二。亚琼当时的标准体重应该是ー百五十二市斤,而实际上她只有一百〇二市斤, 太瘦弱了。所以,有的人怀疑她练不出来,但亚琼心里却挺有主见。她想,在队里, 我年纪最小,个子最高,而且还在长,为什么就练不出来呢?她憋了一ロ气,非要练 出来不可。<br />
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她练得确实太苦了。老队员练完了,省队的教练姚自立总要给她加点“小 菜”,再练点防守技术。她的确太瘦弱,人们都戏称她为“钢铁将军”,因为滚翻救 球,只要一倒地,就听到她的骨架碰撞地板发出的声响。疼痛是可想而知的,但她 还是勇敢地往下倒。她的两条大腿的胯部,着地多,磨破了皮肉,鲜血渗流。过几 天刚刚结上痂,滚翻几次,又磨烂了。就这样,烂了好,好了烂。有时,实在疼得无 法着地,她就用男子的鱼跃动作救球。久而久之,她的拦网姿势竟然也形成了自己 的独特风格:男子式的跨步上。但有谁知道,她的这ー“绝招”是怎么得来的呀！<br />
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到了国家队以后,她的最大苦恼是扣球老慢半拍。二传手孙晋芳给她传来ー 个时机很好的球,但她常常扣不上。为这件事,她急得不知掉过多少眼泪。孙晋芳 像位温柔的大姐姐,把责任揽到自己身上,总是说:“亚琼,不要紧,这个球算我 的!”越是这么说,她心里越是不好受。她明白,自己的扣球动作有毛病。毛病在哪 里呢?队里专门把她的扣球动作录了像。教练跟她ー起看,一起分析。同伴们也 帮她“会诊”,她自己也朝夕苦思苦想。有一次,她往墙上甩打实心球,一口气甩打 了几十个以后,又上场练扣杀。不知怎么搞的,这天她扣杀得比往日都顺手,受到 了姐妹们的称赞。<br />
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“今天是怎么回事呀?”亚琼自己心里也挺纳闷,“兴许是刚オ甩实心球甩的。” 从此,每天训练完了之后,她总要一个人抱着沉重的实心球甩,ー甩就是几十个、上 百个,直甩得胳膊发酸发麻,甚至抬不起来。这样甩了一段时间,她扣球的动作协 调起来了。<br />
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父亲的寓所是舒适的。吃过夜宵,又与家人聊了一会儿之后,她躺下休息了〇 连日的劳累、兴奋、紧张积攒在ー块儿,她是困乏了。但她并没有马上入睡,思想的 野马又脱缰而跑了。她在想她的事业:打败了日本和韩国队,冲出了亚洲,不过是 实现了多年来最低的夙愿,中国女排的口号是“冲出亚洲,走向世界”啊!她在想 她的姐妹们。她们此刻一定跟自己一样,也没有睡着吧?是啊,真正的目标还在前 头。她们不会在掌声、鲜花和庆贺的酒浆中沉醉,她们将继续不懈地努力,奋勇地 攀登,为祖国人民去摘取世界排球运动的王冠……<br />
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大松博文<br />
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在中国女排战胜了日本女排之后,应该写ー写这位日本人。因为他在中国排 球运动的发展过程中,曾经起过特殊的作用。<br />
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1965年4月15日,一位中等个儿、健壮如牛的日本中年人来到了中国。他就 是当时奥运会冠军日本女子排球队的著名教练大松博文。他应我国总理周恩来的 邀请,来担任为期ー个月的排球教练。<br />
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自从日本女排在头年荣获奥运会冠军之后,大松实际上已经不摸球了。当时 曾有一位日本记者问过他:“大松先生,你现在想做什么?”大松直率地作了如下回 答:“我想美美地睡ー觉,然后陪着我的妻子好好地吃ー顿饭。”<br />
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但是,当他接到中国的邀请后,又拿起球来了, ー个人到体育馆进行了半个月 的自我训练,然后オ来到中国。<br />
对中国运动员的训练是在上海市南市体育馆进行的。这是ー种马拉松式的大 运动量训练。他分两班训练中国女运动员,先训练几个省队,然后训练联队。时间 是从中午12点到晚上10点,后来又延长到晚上!2点,甚至凌晨1点。且不说他 每天要打出几百几千个变化多端的球,光在场上站立的时间就长达十二三个钟头〇 大松的训练是很严的,严得人们都骂他“魔鬼大松”。特别是他创造的那种滚 翻救球,使中国姑娘们摔得浑身上下青一块紫ー块,腿ー腐ー拐的,连站都站不稳〇 有的姑娘练到后来简直是瘫在地上动不了了。但大松还是ー边叫,ー边将球猛砸 过去。ー些被他训练过的姑娘,至今回忆起来还心有余悸。一位当年北京队的队 员这样回忆道:“练到后来,我头发晕,眼发花,房子也旋转起来了。但我还得不停 地去飞扑大松打来的球。他穿的是条绿色的短裤,扣球时ー动ー动的,仿佛是两盏 绿色的灯笼似的。我不顾ー切地紧紧盯着那两盏绿灯笼,奔跑着,扑救着。这时, 世界上除了那两盏朦朦胧胧的绿色灯笼和模模糊糊的白色皮球之外,我什么也看 不见,仿佛连我自己也不复存在了……”<br />
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有一位山东姑娘实在忍受不了了,瞪圆了眼睛,大声骂道:“你这个鬼大松,我 跟你拼了!”<br />
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大松问翻译这个姑娘说什么。翻译机灵地告诉他:“她说,大松你练吧,我オ不 怕你呢!”<br />
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其实,大松已经从姑娘圆瞪的双眼里听懂了她骂什么了。因为,在日本,那些 女排选手也这么瞪着怒眼骂过他。<br />
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但是,大松还是被中国姑娘的顽强精神感动了。姑娘们咬牙切齿地忍受着连 做梦都想不到的“极限训练”。泪水忍不住流出来了,用手抹去,还在扑救来球,而 且脸上还露出笑容,虽然是一种哭笑,但毕竟还在笑！有位四川姑娘练到昏倒在地 板上,醒来后还让同伴扶着她去接大松不停打来的球。十八九岁的姑娘,正是爱打 扮、爱美的时候,但她们在摔伤的背部和臀部绑上了厚厚的海绵,两个膝关节也套 上了厚厚的护膝,变得臃肿不堪。大松事后在回忆文章中写道:“尽管变成了那样 难看的姿势,但中国姑娘们用手敏捷地抹去眼泪和头上的汗水,仍然紧紧跟随我训 练。她们这时已完全忘掉了自己,拼出去了,这可以说是一种庄严的悲痛。”<br />
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而那次意外的长跑,更使这位严峻的日本教练感动得眼圈发红。<br />
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那天,上海举行盛大的群众示威游行,通往体育馆的路全被堵塞。大松是上午 11点进体育馆的,当时游行队伍还没有完全展开。而联队下午3点多钟准备出发 时,车辆已无法通行。<br />
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联队从上海市体委打电话到体育馆,告诉大松这个情况,说队伍可能要迟到ー 个半小时。大松一点也不通人情,固执地嚷道:“我不管游行队伍堵塞交通还是大 轿车开不过来,必须准时进馆,汽车开不动,那你们就马拉松跑过来。”“好的,那我 们就跑去。不过,就算拼命跑,也得跑ー个钟头。”联队的人说。“ー个钟头正够时 间。说4点钟到,就必须4点钟到。你们马上开跑吧!”大松说。<br />
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ー个小时以后,中国姑娘们汗水淋淋地跑到体育馆向大松报到了。<br />
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不容易动感情的大松,两眼发热,眼圈红了。他连忙询问她们是怎样跑来的。<br />
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姑娘们说,街上都是人,她们是穿过游行队伍的缝隙,绕小巷跑来的。大松打 量着姑娘们,只见她们头发湿透贴着脸,身上热气腾腾,衣衫水淋淋的,流的汗比ー 堂训练课还多。他马上拿起电话,告诉他下榻的宾馆服务员,快送五十个苹果来。 他要奖赏这些顽强的中国姑娘。他说:“如果在日本,即使让跑来,也不会真跑来。 最后只能说声’没办法オ迟到’〇而中国队员却穿过层层的游行队伍,不停地跑到 球场。这些年轻人,只要想做什么,就无论如何要办到。这种精神是伟大的,是ー 种大有希望的惊人力量。”后来,他又在ー篇回忆文章中写道:“本来,中国人就有 不屈不挠的性格。把这种性格带到了球场上,她们就有了一个绝不动摇的信念:为 了国家,一切都要忍耐克服。”<br />
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中国姑娘的顽强精神,使大松感动;而中国观众盼望振兴中国体育事业的精 神,又使他感到惊讶。<br />
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ー千人的体育馆,每天座无虚席,许多人一直看到深夜オ散去。看到中国运动 员练不动时,满座的观众就一起拍手呼喊:“加油!加油!”<br />
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于是,练不动的姑娘慢慢挣扎着开始活动。于是,观众们的呼喊声更响,就像 阵雷一般。这又给场上的姑娘们注入了神奇的力量,使她们重新站立起来。于是, 掌声、呼喊声越发响了。这成百上千的观众不是旁观者,仿佛是自己在经受着ー场 严峻的考验。<br />
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大松深有感触地说:“ー个人的斗志可以唤起千百人的呼喊声;而千百人的呼 喊声,又能激起一个人的斗志;这种光景,在别的国度里是看不见的。”<br />
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在中国,最使这位日本教练折服的是周恩来总理。周总理日理万机,却以那么 大的热忱关注着中国排球事业的发展。这个印象,他是从与周总理的一席长谈中 留下的。<br />
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5月2日晚上,人民大会堂宴会厅。周总理坐到大松夫妇中间,难忘的长谈开 始了。后来,大松在自己的一本著作中,对这次长谈作了详细的记载。<br />
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周总理兴致挺高地说,奥运会的时候,我在电视上看到你们拿冠军时的情况。 你当时的心情,我是非常了解的。后来你的夫人哭了,你的两位千金也抱着尊夫人 哭了。无论由谁来看,比赛以前的场上情况,都是苏联队赢的可能较大。可是一旦 比赛开始,你的选手们是压倒的胜利。大松,我对于那些选手的力量,的确佩服。<br />
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总理这么ー说,气氛就活跃起来了。接着,周总理问大松,我刚オ听说,大松教 练有时打选手,有的时候骂,这有点问题,能不能停止呢?<br />
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大松说:“周总理,我没有恶意,不是恨她们。我像教训自己的妹妹或孩子那样 对待她们。要是说,你们都快累倒了,休息休息吧。人在这种情况下一下子就会瘫 下去。这,总理你是知道的。要加强意志品质,就要那样。就要刺激她们,干什么 哪!别老发呆呀!再这样就给我滚回山东去!这样ー骂,眼看要倒下的队员就会 猛然振奋起来〇不激起这样的精神,而在筋疲カ尽感到坚持不了的时候停止训练, 到什么时候也改变不了现状。”<br />
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周总理默不作声,两眼炯炯有神地望着他。<br />
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大松继续往下说:“我认为如果怜悯运动员,那练习就无法进行。骂的本身就 是爱的表现,这和侮辱完全是两码事。不打屁股,就真要倒在地上不动了。这样 做,总理也许想,这不是把运动员当牛马吗?但是并非如此。狮子把幼狮顶下山 谷,不正是培养幼狮爬坡的本领吗?老麻雀在小麻雀长得差不多时,为了唤起它离 开巢窝的精神,也是ー连数日不给吃的,这不使人认为是残酷吗?我就是抱着这种 心肠训练运动员的。不管别人怎样想,怎么说,只要队员们能理解就行。”<br />
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周总理耐心地说,可是这样就不好办了。中国人民解放军有三大纪律、八项注 意,里面就提到不许打人和骂人,还有一条是不许调戏妇女。无论如何对女队员是 不许打骂的。<br />
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总理把军队的纪律拿出来了,但大松仍然不能接受。他说:“周总理,我是你请 来当教练的,我不会侮辱交给我训练的队员的。我只是全力以赴使她们提高技术, 使她们成为有坚强意志品质的队员,是为了希望中国成为排球的世界冠军。正因 为我是这样想的,所以我オ做您要我别做的事情。我请总理对我所做的事不要 作声。”<br />
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周总理说,那哪行啊,我们有那样的纪律,而我请来的教练破坏了这个纪律,我 却对此保持沉默。大松,你想想,那能行吗?队员要拿着三大纪律、ハ项注意来找 我,怎么办呢?……<br />
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大松说:“周总理,我在您面前骂队员,您就把耳朵塞上;打队员,就请您把眼闭 上。您就装没听见也没看见。”<br />
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周总理换了一个坐姿说:“大松,你这话是从何讲起呢,能不能再解释一下?”<br />
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大松说:“我曾经对中国的教练和医生们讲过,妇女和男子是有区别的。体质 上大有不同。男子ー开始练习,便拿出十分力量。所以,ー垮下来,就是力量已经 用到头了。然而,女选手在开始练习的前十分钟,虽然很有战斗精神,不久,也会倒 下来。这不是她们惜カ,这是因为女性的身体先天是如此的。过两三分钟,是会恢 复的。过不久,她们又不行了,又要倒了。这时,如果认为她们真不行了,那就不对 头,还是要刺激她们起来。不这样锻炼,就不能有充分的训练。外表和实际是不同 的。这是因为,精神方面较弱,体力也与男子有异。”<br />
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周总理又问,这样猛烈的训练,会不会对妇女的身体产生坏影响呢?这一点, 有没有问题?曾经从医学角度研究过吗?<br />
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大松说:“完全没有问题,这并不是我信口开河。我曾经和一位详细观察选手 状态的医生全盘研究过,不仅对于每一名女选手的脾气,就是对于她的体质,也比 选手自己都认识得更清楚。甚至哪一位选手当时的状态是好是坏,也完全知道得 清清楚楚。由于有了这ー长期经验,在训练中国女选手的时候,从每一位选手的态 度和动作,以及面颊、嘴唇的颜色等等,就可以了解这位选手的疲劳程度如何…… 所以,周总理,您完全不必担心,绝对不会把选手练死或者练伤的。当然还有妇女 们另外担心的事。我在十三年来,ー共训练了近八十名选手,每一位都结婚了 ,都 有了孩子。其中,还有生双胞胎的,母子都健康得很呢「’<br />
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周总理听到这里,突然哈哈哈朗声笑了起来,关切地问:“生双胞胎的那一位, 母子三人健在吗?”<br />
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“都健在呀!”大松答道。<br />
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周总理又大笑起来。<br />
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大松在后来回忆起这次难忘的长谈时说:“周恩来这位先生非常平易近人,但 他有惊人的观察力。在轻松的交谈中,他却看到问题的根本上。我到过世界上很 多国家,见过许多总统和总理,却没有见过像中国总理周恩来那样关心排球事业的 总理……”<br />
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ー个月的时间很快就到了,大松将离开中国回国。在离别的前タ,他还进行了 最后一次训练。送别晚宴是在深夜举行的。在席间,他动感情地说,中国有这么多 顽强好学的女选手,有这么好的观众,有这么关心排球的国家总理,不拿世界冠军 是说不过去的。他送给每个中国姑娘一条毛巾,意味深长地说:“我送给你们毛巾, 是希望你们今后流更多的汗水……”<br />
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前几年,这位闻名遐迩的日本教练,因心脏病突发与世长辞了。在岗山他的墓 前,竖立着ー块小小的墓碑,是他的那些已经当了妈妈的排球队员送的,碑文只有 六个字:有志者事竟成。<br />
年轻一代的中国女排运动员,与大松并不相识。但她们常常听指导和老一代 的女排运动员谈起他。的确,他是值得我们纪念的。<br />
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十五年前,中国姑娘曾经问过大松:“你们是怎样练成世界冠军的?”<br />
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大松回答说:“对人来说,最苦的莫过于战胜自己。运动员和我本人都牺牲了 一切,集中精力于排球。ー连多少年除了三天年假,一天也不中断练习;在奥林匹 克运动会前,一天的练习时间长达十二小时;不断地想出了和做出了世界上谁也没 有做过的事一结果就是世界冠军。”<br />
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这是ー个多么有启迪的回答啊!<br />
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警惕翻船<br />
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1980年5月14日夜,上海飘洒着绵绵春雨。中国女排与日本女排的比赛刚刚 散场,观众如潮水一般从徐家汇雄伟的体育馆里涌流而出。<br />
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场内的观众已经散尽,但体育馆门前依然簇拥着一堆ー堆的人群。他们冒雨 站在那儿等待中国女排的姑娘们。有的想靠得近些目睹她们的风采;有的想跟她 们握ー握手,表示一下祝贺胜利的诚意;还有一些姑娘们的亲友,想跟她们说几句 亲热的话语。<br />
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今晚,中国女排着实使上万观众受了一场虚惊。三局球,每一局开始时中国姑 娘都处于逆境:头一局以9：13落后;第二局以9： 12落后;第三局,先是以1：8落 后,接着又以9： 14落后。总之,这几局球,中国队只要再输两分、三分甚至再输ー 分,就要败北。许多观众的心都提到了喉咙ロ,连气都不敢大口喘。但是每一局都 出现了戏剧性:中国姑娘只要一打到九分,就奋起直追,比分扶摇直上,ーロ气追上 六分、七分;而日本队的比分,仿佛被钉死在电子显示牌上,再也动弹不得。最后, 中国姑娘竟然以3：0又一次击败了日本女队。<br />
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过瘾啊,看得实在过瘾!犹如乘ー叶扁舟,在江河里穿风越浪,虽然担惊受怕, 却能饱尝那种惊心动魄的情景。<br />
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一位署名“ー个敬佩你们的人”当即给女排写信:“我对别人的要求严格得近 乎苛刻,然而看了你们的球赛,却不能不赞不绝口。我从你们身上,看到了中华民 族的宝贵品质。技术上的过硬固然难得,但精神上的过硬更难得。日本女队是以 顽强著称于世的,而她们却遇到了比她们更顽强的人。你们的顽强精神,使我深深 地相信,在你们的心目中,祖国荣誉高于一切。你们打出了队威,打出了国威。你 们是中华民族的好儿女!”<br />
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一群工人在信中写道:“一个人,ー个国家,贫穷落后并不可怕,怕的是失掉了 方向和信心。只要敢于正视现实,立志赶超,艰苦努力,ー步一个脚印地向前迈进, 是没有攻不下的难关的。我们的党和国家是多么需要像你们这样不说空话、踏实 苦干的实干家呵!”<br />
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此时,相识的与不相识的人们,三五成群地议论着那些中国姑娘们。<br />
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“毛毛的球打得真喙!”ー个戴眼镜的小伙子说。<br />
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“毛毛场上的风度也穷喙呀!”ー个壮实的青年附和着。<br />
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“毛毛”是ー个倍受赞美的人物。<br />
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“毛毛”是谁呀?她就是十二号,四川姑娘张蓉芳。她从小就有一股“毛劲”， 敢和男孩子一道爬树上房,敢跳进冬天的寒流中搏风击浪。直到如今,仍然保留着 ー股可爱的毛劲一泼辣顽强。小时候,人们叫她“小毛毛”,如今长成姑娘家了, 只好把“小”字去掉,叫她“毛毛”。<br />
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她刚上场时,你一点儿都看不出她的“毛劲儿”:微微地弓着腰,左手轻轻地放 在背后,两只眼睛细眯着,好像刚刚睡醒,有点睡眼蒙咙的样子。她的个儿,跟陈招 娣ー样,ー米七四,是队里最矮的。总之,她的神情没有什么惊人的地方。但是,只 要球声一响,她就变了副模样,精神抖擞,眼观六路,耳听八方,像一位很有经验的 老猎人,眯着眼,是为了紧紧盯住他的猎获物。无论是飞身垫球,还是跃起扣杀,动 作都是那么敏捷、快速、准确。扣杀过去的球奇巧刁钻,往往使对方防不胜防。有 时因扣杀过猛,摔倒在地上,但只要一见来球,又会猛然ー跃而起,杀对方一个神出 鬼没的回马枪。她灵巧得像山野里的ー只猴,勇猛得似丛林中的ー只虎。在赛场 上,她那张汗水涔涔的脸,总是那么丰满红润,那么光彩照人,透出ー种特有的健 美。用队长孙晋芳的话来说,“毛毛在场上那オ水灵呢”！<br />
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雨还在悄没声儿地飘洒着。在强烈的灯光照射下,这绵绵细雨,犹如从天上垂 挂下来的千千万万条银色的彩线,在夜风中轻柔地摇曳飘动。日本客人已经出馆, 乘车回下榻的宾馆去了,但仍然见不到中国姑娘的身影。人们开始不满起来,有人 大声议论道:“想见ー见都这么难,中国女排也太傲气了 ！”<br />
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突然,从体育馆门口走出ー个人来。人们引颈而望,以为女排姑娘们开始往外 走了。谁知,走出来的人是体育馆的一位工作人员。他站在台阶上,大声地对观众 们说:“请同志们回家吧！中国女排正在馆里补课呢!”<br />
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“补课?”观众不解地嚷了起来。<br />
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工作人员说:“是的,是补课。她们说,今晚的球赛没有打好<br />
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“打得好!打得顽强厂’观众不平地喊叫起来。<br />
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说句公道话,这场球应该说是打得很精彩的。<br />
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袁伟民、邓若曾也承认这场球打得不错。在补课开始之前,袁伟民对围拢过来 的姑娘们说:“从某种意义上看,这场球比一路领先顺利赢下来还有价值。过去,落 后时,我们就没有信心去追赶。而领先时,又怕人家追赶自己。现在,落后时不慌 乱,能反败为胜,这是可贵的。这是我们的队伍走向成熟的标志。”<br />
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的确,中国女排这些年来经过挫折、失败、胜利的考验,已经成熟起来了。这次 在南京举行的国际女子排球邀请赛中,她们先后以3：1和3：0胜了美国队和日本 队。在尔后的访问比赛中,再次以相同的比分,赢了这两支强队。今晚是第三次以 3:〇胜日本女排了。<br />
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袁伟民望望不太情愿补课的姑娘们,心平气和地说:“但是,我们要很好地想ー 想,为什么三局球开局时都落后呢?我看,还是我们轻敌了,骄傲了!虽然在准备 会上大家也讲了要防止骄傲情绪,但是打起比赛来,还是提不起神。”他停顿了片 刻,又意味深长地说下去,“今天补课,就是为了让大家记住,我们开始成熟了,但不 能骄傲,如果骄傲了,将来总有一天会阴沟里翻船的。奥运会是四年一次,而我们 ー个人的运动寿命有几个四年呀?请大家好好想ー想!”<br />
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本来,有些姑娘对这次补课,心里并不服。她们想,好输不如赖赢,不管怎么 说,我们是赢下来了呀！但听指导这么一分析,也就没有再吭气,顺从地拖着疲惫 不堪的身躯,又练上了,一直练到午夜12点多。当她们淋洗完毕,回到上海市体委 招待所时,黄浦江畔的海关大钟传来悠扬的钟声,已经凌晨2点钟了。天明之后, 她们就将各奔东西,有的去杭州,有的上南京、苏州、无锡……<br />
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毛毛将回她的故乡ーー成都。她这趟回乡与别的姑娘心情不一样,既不是探 亲访友,也不是重游故地。在那儿等待她的将是ー个庄严的党支部大会,共产党员 们将讨论她的入党转正问题。再过几天,她将成为中国共产党的正式党员了！ 一 想起这件事,她的心情就那么激动,把睡意全赶跑了。<br />
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她是在十三岁的时候主动找到成都后子门人民体育场要求当排球运动员的。 从此,失误、苦练、进步;再失误、再苦练、再进步,使她ー步步走向了成熟。<br />
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她刚进四川女排时,五个老队员带她ー个新队员。她们之中已经有四个成了 妈妈了,但仍然和她这个十多岁的女娃娃一道摸爬滚翻。毛毛心里既感动又不安。 她心里只有一个想法:“好好练,赶快接她们的班。”<br />
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有一场比赛,四川女排打得不顺,毛毛在场上该救的球不救,该扣死的也随随<br />
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便便扣过去就算了<br />
回到住地,教练严肃地问她:“毛毛,你今天怎么啦?该救的球,为什么不救?” 毛毛坦率地说:“我想,反正这场球要输,打好一个球也没有什么意思。”教练摇摇 头,心想:“她呀,还不懂得每球必争的意义呢!”<br />
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后来,毛毛写了一个赛后总结,在认识上有了一个飞跃。<br />
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1976年夏天,她刚进国家队不久,就参加了一场与秘鲁女排的比赛。毛毛传 了一个球给四号位的主攻手,没想到,传出了一个刚刚过网的“探头球”,自己的主 攻手打不着,却被对方的攻球手一锤子打死了,而且打得那么干脆。<br />
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1977年,在世界大学生运动会上,中国女排与美国女排交锋。毛毛怕美国大 高个拦网,心里一直嘀咕。果然,她几次扣杀过去的球,都被美国高大的队员挡了 回来。打不死,心里不服,再打,又被挡了回来。虽然,这场球中国队以3：2险胜, 但因为多输了两局球,而失去了争夺冠军的机会。<br />
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这两场球深深地刺激了这位四川姑娘。她苦苦思索着:“我的个子是爹妈给 的,就这么高,再往上长是不可能的。但是,先天不足可以后天补呀!”<br />
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袁伟民对毛毛的要求也是格外严,分外高。他希望这个精灵的四川姑娘进攻 上有绝招,防守上更娴熟,虽然毛毛自己已经练得那么刻苦,但他有时还要给她补 “课”。<br />
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毛毛对传球有点“犯怵”,他就专拣传球练她。<br />
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球,ー个前,ー个后,ー个左,ー个右,变化多端地向毛毛袭来。毛毛不吭不响 地奔跑着,抢救着,累得上气不接下气,袁伟民给的球难度却更大了。练到后来,毛 毛火气也上来了,将球接住,狠狠地往场外一扔。<br />
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袁伟民严厉地说:“捡回来!”<br />
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毛毛舉着不动。<br />
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袁伟民问:“想不想练?不想练就下去吧！想通了再练!”<br />
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下去?我偏不下！毛毛与招娣在这一点上略有不同。你说不让练,她偏练。 ー边哭,ー边练。哭是哭,练还是狠练。那神态是,我练死在场上,也不会下去的。<br />
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正是这种可爱的舉劲,弥补了她的先天不足,使她练就了一身好球艺:眼快,手 快,脚快,球路刁,打吊结合好,防守垫球强。这次在南京国际女排邀请赛中,美国 女排身高一米九六的海曼,在毛毛的扣吊面前也无可奈何。她不再怕高个,相反, 高个被她制服了。<br />
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毛毛成熟起来了！在多少次激战的惊涛骇浪中,她像中流砥柱ー样,稳稳地屹 立其间！<br />
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第二天,在向故乡飞驰的列车上,她在沉思默想:一个球队在走向成熟的时候, 应该警惕因为骄傲而翻船,那么ー个人在走向成熟的时候,难道不也应该好好思考 这个问题吗?<br />
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中国的“铁铜5头”<br />
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世界上还有什么幸福能超过人民对自己的信任呢!<br />
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47次列车离开北京,冲进茫茫夜海,风驰电掣般向南,向南……<br />
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在卧铺车厢里,一位高挑个儿的姑娘,凭窗眺望。她顧长、结实、健美。微微髯 曲的黑发拢在脑后,分扎成两缙,轻巧地垂挂着。深红色的运动衫领子,悄悄露在 深蓝色的外套上,仿佛是ー枝“出墙”的红杏。虽然我们看见的是她的背影,但可 以感觉到,在这位姑娘的身上洋溢着青春的活力和蓬勃的朝气。<br />
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车窗外,一片漆黑,夜色正浓。只有点点灯火,偶尔从她眼前向后飞逝而去。 郎平啊,你是在欣赏祖国大地的夜景呢,还是在沉思默想?也许是那瞬息即逝的灯 火,把你带回到昨晚为全国十名最佳运动员授奖而举行的健美晚会上去了吧?<br />
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对这位刚满二十岁的北京姑娘来说,那确实是永生难忘的。当她接受鲜艳的 花束和银色的奖杯时,座无虚席的首都体育馆里,爆发出海涛般的掌声。何止是到 会的ー万八千人在鼓掌呢,她仿佛还听到投她票的十几万球迷的掌声和没有投票 机会的千千万万普通观众的掌声。她手捧鲜花和奖杯,激动得含泪欢笑了。<br />
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她欢笑,但并不沉醉。她深深地懂得,自己是代表女排集体来领奖的。排球运 动是ー个集体项目,赢得的每ー个球都要经过几位同伴之手,都凝聚着战友的汗水 和心血。个人球艺再高,如果没有同伴的合作,也将一事无成。她想起了朝夕相处 的同伴们:风度翩翩的老大姐孙晋芳,沉着顽强的张蓉芳,敢打敢冲的陈招娣,文静 果敢的周晓兰,憨厚纯真的陈亚琼,埋头苦干的曹慧英,和蔼可亲的杨希,沉静灵巧 的张洁云,聪慧灵敏的周鹿敏,腼腆壮实的梁燕,活泼爱笑的朱玲,还有那严厉而又 亲切的指导、领队……总之,她想起了队里的每ー个人。<br />
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当她和妈妈随着潮水般的人流涌出体育馆时,她用一条驼色的拉毛围巾,几乎 把整个脸都严严实实地遮掩起来,只露出那双明亮的眼睛。奖杯呢?它装在ー个 又长又大的橙黄色的提包里。她一点也不炫耀个人,把自己融进了普通观众的 行列。<br />
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回家的路上,她的思绪像滔滔的江水在汹涌澎湃。<br />
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银杯啊,怎么这样沉?呵,那里面盛满了自己和战友的汗水。<br />
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银杯啊,怎么如此重?呵,那里面装着祖国和人民的殷切期望。<br />
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回到家里,已经夜深了。但郎平的爸爸、妈妈还围着银光闪闪的奖杯看呀看, 总也看不够。郎平的爸爸是个球迷,而她的妈妈,却一点也不懂体育。当初,女儿 要去打球,妈妈投的是反对票。她看到女儿身体瘦弱,不放心让她去。而爸爸呢, 却苦口婆心地说服她。女儿到了球队之后,只要在北京打的球赛,他总要去看。在 外地打的比赛,如果他出差路过,那也非看不可。其实,开始时,他对排球的打法也 不是很懂,只不过是为女儿打好而高兴,为女儿失误而焦急、惋惜。郎平开玩笑地 对他说:“爸爸,你看球,真比我在场上打球还紧张呢ド’而妈妈的关心,是别具一格 的。她生怕女儿吃不好,每次外出都给她带吃的,什么凤尾鱼呀,糖果呀,总是ー装 就是ー满袋。1979年夏天,郎平在四川打比赛,给她姐姐写信说身体不太舒服。 妈妈知道了,悄悄给女儿寄去两斤巧克カ。巧克力送到郎平手上时,已经化了。郎 平手捧着滴着咖啡色糖水的包裹,心里比那炎夏的天气还热。妈妈呀,你可真是ー 片慈母心啊!近两年来,妈妈也开始看球了。她身体不是很好,多半是在电视里看 女儿打球。<br />
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郎平回家时,妈妈问她:“哎呀,你们怎么老摔跟头啊?”<br />
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郎平告诉她:“妈妈,那是打球需要,存心摔的。”<br />
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妈妈可不管存心还是不存心,心疼地说:“往后不许那么使劲摔!”<br />
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郎平跟妈妈说不清,只得笑笑说:“妈,我们以后摔轻一点……”<br />
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自从郎平到国家队打球以后,几乎没有机会跟妈妈、爸爸在ー起过个团圆年。 如今,离春节只有几天时间了,而且她又患着感冒,妈妈是多么希望女儿留在身边 多住几天啊!但是女儿的心早已飞了。中国女排不在北京,前几天已经去湖南郴 州冬训了。她决定明天就南行,去追赶自己的队伍。温暖的战斗的集体,像ー块强 大的磁石,深深地吸引着她。<br />
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南行的列车,呼啸着飞速向前。此刻,郎平已经困倦了。她曲着腿,躺卧在狭 窄的铺位上,沉沉睡着了。趁她酣睡的时候,让我们掀开她打球的简历表看ー看。<br />
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从孩提时代起,她练过绘画,迷过音乐,又幻想过当飞行员,还想过当工程师。 十三岁那年,父亲带她去体育馆看了一场国际排球赛〇她惊喜地发现,平日上体育 课托不了几下就往地上掉落的排球,在运动员们的手上竟然那么听话,这简直是令 人陶醉的艺术啊!于是心里萌生出ー个新的理想:当运动员!<br />
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别看她现在身高一米八四,可当时还只有一米六几,长得又细又高,体重只有 七十多斤,体质很孱弱。但她不管这些,自信自己能当一个好运动员。她跑到北京 市第二业余体校报名。那儿的教练张媛庆觉得她太单薄了些,犹豫了片刻,竟然出 人意料地同意收下这个瘦弱的女孩。<br />
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她盼着有一天自己也能穿上印有“北京”字样的运动衣,代表首都人民参加比 赛。于是,她夏练三伏,冬练三九,成千上万次地挥动长臂苦练枯燥乏味的基本功〇 有一次,她的脚脖扭伤了,怕回家后妈妈不让她来体校,就星期天也不回家。平时 回家她也不忘带个球回去,对着墙壁托球,弄得墙头上印满了排球的痕迹。两年 后,她跻身于北京女排的行列,而且成了主力队员。但是,她又多么盼望有一天胸 前的运动衣缀上庄严的国徽,代表祖国人民去与世界强队争胜负啊! ー年之后,她 的愿望又实现了。袁伟民决定起用这位不满十八岁的年轻姑娘参加第八届亚运 会,而且让她顶替著名的主攻手杨希,打四号位。<br />
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在泰国曼谷,郎平像ー颗奇异的新星,在排坛上升腾而起。在与韩国队的比赛 中,她那カ大势沉的凌厉劈杀、森严凶狠的拦网,为中国队的胜利立下了汗马功劳。 她被称为“中国女排的新兵器”。可惜在迎战“东洋魔女”日本女排时,她的脚扭 伤,影响技术发挥,扣杀常常不能奏效。而且在日本姑娘的严密防守面前,她的扣 杀也暴露出过于单调平板的弱点。没有打完一局,袁伟民就把她换下来了。比赛 结果,中国女排以〇:3败北。一位观众来信指责说:“不该在这种关键时刻,起用ー 个没有把握的新手,这是中国女排的教练用人不当。”这对ー帆风顺的郎平来说,是 ー个莫大的刺激。她感到委屈,于是,她又把目光瞄向世界几个强队的主攻手,发 奋追赶。不到一年工夫,她的发奋努力就结出了成功之果。1979年末,在香港举 行第二届亚洲女子排球锦标赛时,她为中国队荣获冠军立下了战功,被人们誉为中 国的“铁綁头”。中央电视台播放比赛实况录像时,银屏里是一片“郎平!郎平!” 的呼喊声,银屏外也是一片“郎平!郎平!”的欢呼声。她确实像一把当当响的铁郷 头,发挥了振奋人心的威力。她的进攻力量,得到了世界排球界人士的高度评价。 人们把她称为堪与美国身高ー米九六的海曼和古巴的玻玛列斯媲美的世界三大主 攻手之一。<br />
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列车急速南行,南行。郎平恨不得列车飞驰得快些再快些。经过三十来个钟 头漫长的旅途生活,她终于在郴州与自己的队伍相聚了。她是那么高兴,オ离别几 天,宛若几年。<br />
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郴州的春天,细雨绵绵,无休无止,仿佛是穹窿漏了似的。训练基地坐落在北 湖公园里。公园不算大,但有山有水,有楼台亭榭,有喷水池,有金鱼,有群猴,姑娘 们的宿舍后面还有一片桂花树林。但郎平是无暇欣赏这一切的,除了饭堂、宿舍之 外,只有在那座竹席棚顶的简易训练房里才能看见她挥汗如雨的高大身影。<br />
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对郎平来说,这是一次极为平常的训练课。暮色已经降临,姑娘们都已完成了 任务,拖着疲惫的身子向宿舍走去,但她还在里面练习发球。袁指导给她的任务是 再发三组球,每组三个好球,如发两个一般球或两个失误球,就得再加一组。场里 除了郎平“砰”“砰”的发球声,就只有袁伟民的裁判声:“一般!”“失误!”她发了好 ー阵,任务不但没有完成,相反又加了几组。郎平抚摸着酸疼的肩膀,有点发急了。 她透过墨绿色的球网望了望教练,袁伟民不动声色地伫立着,双手紧抱在胸前。那 神态是说:“完不了,别想下课!”没有一点商量的余地。<br />
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郎平自言自语地说:“我奉陪到底!”她发狠地拿起球,又“砰” “砰”地发了 起来。<br />
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“停!”袁伟民神态严峻地走了过来,“不要发菜球！累了可以休息一会儿。”<br />
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什么叫菜球?郎平当然明白。顾名思义,菜球就是送给对方吃的小菜,即没有 威胁カ的“和平球”。比赛时,好不容易争回ー个发球权,发菜球那是绝对不允许 的。郎平暗暗责怪自己,怎么发出菜球来了呢?不行,绝对不行。她走动了几步, 挥动了几下胳膊,又叉着腰沉思默想了片刻,重新开始发球。<br />
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“砰”“砰”的发球声,“好球一好球”的裁判声,一直响着响着,响到很晚很 晚。当郎平拖着沉重的步子走出训练房时,一位记者半开玩笑地悄声问她:“指导 会不会存心整你?”她用手抹了把脸上的汗水,微笑道:“那可说不准。”袁伟民知道 了此事,风趣地说:“今天没有。不过,’整’过她不少次就是了。”<br />
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新春佳节来临了。宿舍的走廊上挂起了四盏古色古香的大灯笼,住屋外面的 墙头的窗户上悬挂着缀满“梅花”的树枝。女排的姑娘们也休息了一天,开联欢 会,放鞭炮,吃花生,嗑瓜子……这些瓜子是哪里来的?是郎平用她所获得的、首都 新闻单位举办的“十佳”运动员评奖的奖金买的。<br />
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年初二,她们应衡阳市人民的邀请,去打表演比赛。打完比赛已经是晚上1〇 点多钟了,但领队和指导却不让姑娘们走,说是要补ー补课。<br />
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“郎平,你怎么不动弹呀?”指导点着名呼叫她。<br />
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郎平站在场地外边,依然不动。她正不舒服呢。<br />
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教练走过来,又一次问她:“怎么啦?”<br />
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郎平说:“指导,我有点恶心,想吐。”<br />
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教练心里明白,但他还是说:“想吐就吐,吐完了再上场补课!”教练的心肠就 是狠,不近情理！不过,郎平却没有埋怨的意思,你不让她上,她自己还想上呢！她 清晰地记得,去年春天,她们出访美国,从香港到斯普林斯,坐了二十多个钟头的飞 机。这座高原城市海拔两千多米,疲倦加高原缺氧,使她们非常不舒服。晚上练习 时,八个姑娘边练边吐。吐还要练。当时她们真恨教练太不体谅人。但第二天打 比赛时,她们却感到精神很好,以3： 1赢了美国女排。在整个访美比赛中,她们取 <br />
得了六胜ー负的战绩,其中在旧金山一场,有一局还使美国队吃了一个“鸭蛋”。 只有这时,她们オ真正明白,教练为什么不顾她们呕吐还要狠心坚持训练。练为战 啊!这天晚上,郎平也是怀着这种心情,坚持把课补完的。<br />
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这就是袁伟民的“整”。所谓“整”,就是有意制造困难,用各种意想不到的手 段,来磨炼她。<br />
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说也奇怪,郎平却喜欢指导的这种“整”。虽然有时“整”哭了,觉得苦得受不 了,但下来后又感激指导,希望指导以后再“整”自己。因为她明白自己在队里挑 大梁的地位,世界上的几个强队,谁不研究她?他们把她的技术动作拍成电影,录 了像,正在作为“强敌”,研究攻克的对策。要想使镰头继续敲响,就得不断锤炼。 而教练的每一次“整”,不都是对自己的一次锤炼吗?<br />
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千锤百炼吧,中国的“铁郷头”!有朝一日,当祖国人民需要你“ー锤定音”时, 切盼你能够敲得重重的、响响的,敲出我们的国威来!<br />
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把掌声分给她一半<br />
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“外行看热闹,内行看门道。”一般人看排球比赛,往往把自己的热情,全部倾 注在“ー锤定音”的攻球手们身上。而内行的观众,却总把自己的掌声和欢呼声, 分一半给场上的灵魂 二传手。<br />
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二传手孙晋芳,是中国女排的队长。身材匀称,体格壮实健美。在高个如林的 同伴中,她的个头并不算高,也许还稍微矮了一点。两只眼睛是细眯着的,一流汗, 就眯得更细。难怪同伴们都亲昵地称呼她“小眯”。不过,透过那细眯的眼缝,闪 射出来的却是机敏、聪慧而又幽默的目光。她的神态从容不迫,颇有一种大将 风度。<br />
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仔细的观众不难发现,场上每ー个球,在杀向对方之前,几乎都得经过她的手。 而她的传球技艺,高超得惊人。无论多么险恶的来球,只要经过她的手ー调整,一 缓冲,顷刻间就化险为夷,变得平和起来。对于她的球艺,一位体育记者曾经作过 如下的描写:“如果说向她飞来的球像ー团团熊熊燃烧的烈火,那么,从她手里飞走 的球已经变成一缕缕袅袅青烟……”自然,这是艺术夸张,不过,看她打球时又确确 实实有此种感觉。<br />
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孙晋芳是江苏人,说一口像音乐似的婉转动听的苏州乡音。小时候,人家都说 她瘦弱得可以被ー阵风刮跑。胳膊肘也细得像ー掰就能折断。一个弱不禁风的姑 苏少女,怎么会成为闻名世界的优秀运动员呢?是学校里的体育老师看中了她,把<br />
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她推荐给青少年业余体育学校,此后,命运之神就使她和排球结下了不解之缘。<br />
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她朝夕苦练的动人情景,是难以ーー描述的。让我们展示其中的一幕,而且是 她在训练之余自我苦练的一幕。<br />
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石头城南京,孝陵卫宿舍的走廊里。孙晋芳和她的球友张洁云正在练习托球。 也许是走廊的廊顶过于低矮,或是两边的墙壁过于拥挤,托不了几下,球就碰落地 上。但她们不泄气,捡起球,又一下一下托起来。三伏天,南京是闻名全国的大火 炉,闷热得厉害。室外有的是空旷的天地,干吗非要在走廊里练球呢?这是大有道 理的:在这又矮又窄的地方如果能传递自如,那么到空旷的球场上传球就更加得心 应手了。汗,汗,如雨的汗!原来蓬松漂亮的头发,湿淋淋的,已经粘到一块儿去 了。运动衣衫的颜色被汗水浸染得由浅变深,只要轻轻ー拧就可以拧出ー摊汗水, 她们简直像两个刚刚从水里钻出来的人。ー边托,ー边数,一,二,三,四……一直 数到五百多下。廊顶仿佛突然升高了,墙壁和门窗也似乎向两旁闪开,狭小的走廊 啊,宛如变成了一个无边无垠的空间。更神的,还是孙晋芳的那双手,仿佛变成了 两块磁石,吸引着飞舞的白球。<br />
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有一双挥洒自如的手固然是至关重要的,但作为一名优秀的二传手,还必须具 有宽大的胸怀。用姑娘们自己的语言来形容,那就是心里要能撑进去一条船。二 传手是无名英雄,掌声一般都冲着攻球手,而责怨却常常落到她的头上。而她的自 尊心又强,脾气又倔,心海里还曾经有过不少阻挡船只撑进去的暗礁。<br />
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这是发生在!979年夏天的一件事。中国女排访日比赛的最后ー场。中国队 轻取前两局,从第三局开始,处于逆境。新手郎平的重磅扣杀,屡不奏效。孙晋芳 提醒她:“郎平,注意攻球线路!”郎平竟然毫无反应。过了一会儿,郎平冲着她说: “给球高ー点！”小孙心里掠过了一丝不悦的阴影。球,在场子里飞过来飞过去,仿 佛是ー个任人摆布的无情之物。其实,它还是有情有义的。运动员的喜怒哀乐,即 使是瞬息的变化,都无不在它的身上反映出来。尽管袁伟民还不知道场上发生了 什么矛盾,但从性格外露的苏州姑娘撇起来的嘴巴上,已经洞察到小孙心里有了不 痛快事。他叫暂停,把她换了下来。因为场上的局势正吃紧,袁伟民不能离开指挥 岗位,便叫坐在身边的邓若曾去跟她谈谈。<br />
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邓若曾心里窝了一肚子火。他是队里谁人都知的恨铁不成钢的婆婆嘴。心是 好得没法子说,嘴上却数落你个够呛。他对孙晋芳说:“不管场上出现什么矛盾,你 也得把球打好。有什么事,下来再解决,这是祖国荣誉攸关的事！……”<br />
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小孙重新上场时,嘴倒不撇了,也想扭转败局,但遗憾的是怎么也扭不过来,最 后还是输掉了这场球。<br />
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回国后,领队和教练又相继找她谈心,党小组也开会帮助她。起先她心里还不 服。心想,ー个新队员,在场上竟然不理睬ー个老队员和场上队长的提醒,而且还 用那样冲的口吻要求老队员,未免太那个了吧!她跟郎平住一个屋,有几天进进出 出都相对无言。但小孙毕竟是个心里藏不住事的姑娘,有天晚上,终于开口 了:“郎 平,那天场上,你对我的提醒怎么理也不理呀?”郎平惊讶地问:“你提醒我什么来 着?场上吵闹得太厉害了,我ー点也没有听见呀!”<br />
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糟糕,真糟糕!原来是自己误会了人家。当然,郎平年轻气旺,性子也直,老扣 不死球,心里焦急,说话ロ气可能冲了一点,但郎平自己并没有意识到,何况这是ー 个误会呢。即使郎平真的责怪她,自己也应忍辱负重,以祖国荣誉为重呀！输球的 原因,当然是多方面的,但她与主攻手配合失调是ー个不可饶恕的过失。要知道, 在二传手与主攻手之间,是不能有半点疙瘩的。她悔恨自己心胸不宽阔,决心继续 磨炼自己,要把心海中的暗礁ー块ー块炸平。<br />
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看,她是用多么顽强的意志在磨炼自己呵！<br />
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明明她是忍受着腰伤坚持训练,但指导却ー个劲地点她的名:“小孙,把大家的 情绪调动起来!”她不知为此类事抱过多少委屈:又不是我不好好练,干吗老盯着不 放呢?指导却说:“你是队长,是全队的灵魂,对你要求就是要不一样。”有时,袁伟 民还存心找殖“整整”她。<br />
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那天是孙晋芳一个人练防守。不知怎么回事,她的嘴又撇了起来。袁伟民和 邓若曾心想,今天就要整整你的这个倔脾气。他们对场上的其他队员说:“你们都 不练了,过来看小孙练!”小孙ー听,更不高兴。打了这么多年球,她还是头一次碰 上这ー招呢！我又不是没有完成任务,干吗要跟我这么过不去?但当着这么多队 友的面,不好发作,只得强压着心里的火气。<br />
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袁伟民对围拢过来的姑娘们说:“今天小孙什么时候说练顺了,就完事。”他不 停地给她扔球,小孙前后左右扑救。姑娘们站在ー旁为自己的队长呐喊加油。小 孙的脸仍然绷得很紧,ー丝笑意也没有。<br />
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第二次休息之后,孙晋芳终于说了:“指导,我气顺了。”但脸上还是没有一丝 笑容。<br />
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袁伟民心里也明白,嘴上说是顺了,心里并没有顺。不过,对孙晋芳来说,能当 着这么多人的面说出这句话来,还是很不容易的。<br />
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当晚,袁伟民找这位同乡谈心。他推心置腹地对她说:“心里的疙瘩还没有解 开吧?”小孙突然来了一句:“我的舉劲是向你学来的呀！人家都说你当运动员时, 比我还舉呢!”袁伟民笑笑:“舉劲也有好坏之分。你不要学我不好的那种舉劲 嘛!”小孙脸上终于有了笑容了。袁伟民语重心长地接着说:“不是我和邓指导要 你小孙拜倒我们脚下,服服帖帖地顺着我们。不是的,这是场上的需要,事业的需 要。你想想,你是场上队长,我们的指挥,我们的战术意图,都是要通过你去实现 的。一局球,我们只能暂停两次,每次只有半分钟。我们的意见再好,你不去兑现, 也等于零。况且,你的喜怒哀乐,你的情绪起伏,会直接影响队员,影响胜负……”<br />
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这些亲切、真诚的话语,像ー股温煦的春风,吹进了她的心扉。她的气,真正 顺了。<br />
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船呀,终于撑进了她的心海!她熟知每一个同伴的性格、脾气、身体和技术,比 赛时总号着她们的脉搏给球。郎平的性格爽朗,兴奋时容易跳早,球要给高些。她 身体疲惫时,容易跳不起来,球要给近网,不给远网。招娣敢打敢拼,是ー员虎将, 但有点愣,发急时,不能轻易给她球,而要提醒她:“招娣,别急!别急!”毛毛勇敢 倔强,技术全面,什么球都能打,不过给球还是宁近勿远,宁矮不高,宁快不慢。晓 兰性格内向,稳得住。亚琼不能埋怨,要多鼓励。梁艳年轻,眼疾手快,给球的速度 要跟得上……<br />
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凭着她对每个同伴的这种细致的了解和充分的信任,也凭着每个同伴对她的 了解和信任,六个上场队员默契得恰似ー个人ー样。你看,在发球前的一刹那,同 时有两三个攻球手把手伸到身后,向她发出打什么战术的信号。她如电的目光飞 扫而过,灵敏的头脑迅速进行分析,而且马上用手势回答同伴……于是,ー套套令 人眼花缭乱的快速打法:平拉开、短平快、交叉、背蹈……纷纷呈现在你的眼前;一 幕幕惊心动魄的战斗场面,就由她导演出来;ー支支悦耳的乐曲,由她指挥而生。<br />
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一位观众写信赞扬她:“看你打球,使人想起了听交响乐,在你的指挥棒下,可 以演奏出各种各样旋律不同的优美乐章。”<br />
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现在,孙晋芳已经是一位“世界优秀的二传手”,是ー个成熟了的沙场老将。 但她的年龄也随着增大了,今年已满二十六岁。“老”与伤又往往是ー对季生姐 妹。腰伤较重,病痛常常折磨着她。在赛场上,她始终是那样斗志旺盛、生龙活虎, 一走出赛场就往往直不起腰来。去年南京国际女子排球邀请赛时,中国女排カ挫 日本队和美国队。为了打好这次比赛,她赛前打了“封闭”针。发奖那天,中国姑 娘们高举奖杯向观众致意,孙晋芳不得不用手扶着自己的腰。<br />
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如果把中国女排的姑娘们比为ー颗颗璀璨的珍珠,那么,孙晋芳就是一条闪闪 发光的金线,把颗颗珍珠串连在ー起,中国女排オ成为闪耀着奇光异彩的战斗 集体。<br />
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应该把欢呼声和鼓掌声分一半给她！<br />
女儿国里的小伙子<br />
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如果说,孙晋芳是赛场上的无名英雄,那么,他则是中国姑娘“走向世界”的一 块闪光的铺路石。<br />
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在南国的小城郴州体育馆里进行的表演赛,已经打了好一阵了,突然观众台上 爆发出ー阵愉快的笑声。那些本来就爱笑的女孩子们,已经笑弯了腰,笑出眼 泪来。<br />
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笑源就在一个混杂在中国女排姑娘队伍里的小伙子身上。他穿着一身紫红色 的女运动服,正在场上跟姑娘们一道打球呢!据说,有位女排姑娘受了伤,上不了 场,他就顶替了她的角色。如果不细看,你几乎分不出他是姑娘还是小伙子。他的 个头,比招娣、毛毛、孙晋芳稍高ー些,但比起郎平、晓兰和亚琼来,却要略矮一点。 今年二十四岁,年龄倒跟几位老队员相仿。身材匀称,秀气,鼻梁挺直而高耸,肤色 白晳,爱脸红,老是那么腼腼腆腆的,还真有几分姑娘味儿。<br />
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人们不禁会问:“中国女排里怎么掺和进来这么一位小伙子呢?他打哪儿 来?……”<br />
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1979年初秋,ー趟46次列车离开福州,向北京飞驰。依窗坐着一位清清秀秀 的小伙子,从他高挑的个头和服装上,一眼就可以看出,这是一位年轻的运动员。 他仿佛有什么心事,一直默默地端坐着,眺望着金色的原野。突然,他轻轻地摇了 摇头,脸也红了起来。<br />
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他情不自禁地伸手摸摸装在衣兜里的介绍信。原来,他是福建男子排球队的 一名青年运动员,如今北上是去国家女子排球队报到。ー个男排运动员,到ー支女 子排球队去干什么呢?<br />
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刚接到领导的通知时,他心里也这么纳闷地思考过。<br />
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省体委的同志告诉他,国家女排很快要去香港参加第二届亚洲排球锦标赛,需 要一个男陪练。<br />
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啊,他是去当陪练的。ー想起今后将整天跟姑娘们生活在ー起,他的心就禁不 住怦怦地跳动起来。他是那么腼腆,总觉得一个男子汉到姑娘堆中去,挺不自在, 怪不好意思的。不过,他心里却清晰地记着队友们的临别赠言:“好好干吧,为我国 女排冲出亚洲,走向世界,出一把カ!”<br />
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不管小伙子心里是怎么想的,列车已经按照自己的运行轨道,轰隆隆地把他带 到了北京。<br />
小伙子刚来女排时,那么多姑娘用各种目光打量他。姑娘们笑着、说着,大大 方方的,脸都没有红,而他的脸却一直红到了耳根,连头都不敢抬起来了。<br />
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怎么称呼他呢?他姓陈,名忠和。叫陈忠和吧,好像不够尊敬。叫陈指导吧, 他又那么年轻,比几位老队员还小ー两岁。不过,姑娘们是够精灵的,眼睛ー眨,就 能想出ー个主意来。她们在“陈指导”前头加了一个“小”字。<br />
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“小陈指导「’“小陈指导「'也不管小伙子同意不同意,姑娘们就这么亲亲热热 地叫开了。<br />
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他更不好意思了,自己是一个省队的普通队员,而她们都是闻名遐迩的国家运 动员,这么称呼他,怎么敢当呢?<br />
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“我是来陪练的,叫我小陈吧「'他真诚地这么恳求着。姑娘们ー边笑,ー边 说:“别那么谦虚了,小陈指导!到时候,手下留点情就是了。”<br />
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陈忠和根据教练的要求,上场陪练了!别看姑娘们在下面一声ー个“小陈指 导”的,在场上完不成任务急眼时,可会拉脸了。有一次,他发球,姑娘们垫球。有 一位姑娘老完不成指标,就埋怨他,说他的球发得太狠太快。起先,只要姑娘们ー 嚷嚷,他就依着她们。发球时,软一点;看球时,松一点。可是,袁伟民和邓若曾两 位教练不依,一再叮嘱他:“小陈,对她们要严一点!”他感到多为难啊!松一点吧, 两位教练不满意;严一点吧,有的姑娘给脸色看。夹在中间的味儿,真不好受呀！<br />
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夜晚,他躺在床上,暗暗思忖:我到国家队来是干什么的呀?是来陪练,而不是 迁就,我应该当主人,而不应该当客人！<br />
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两位教练也常常鼓励他:“小陈,大胆要求她们,我们给你撑腰!”<br />
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这天,姑娘们练习发球,小陈站在网的那边当裁判。每个姑娘的指标是发十五 组球,每发三个好球算完成一组。<br />
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球,飞过来,落在地上。这个球是好是坏,还是一般,全凭小陈一句话。如果他 松一松,任务完成得就快;如果他紧ー紧,完成任务就难〇<br />
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大多数姑娘的任务都完成了,还剩下两位姑娘没有完成指标。发球是这天训 练的最后ー项任务,她们都希望早一点完成,可以早点休息。晚上还有一个吸引人 的电视剧,姑娘们都想看ー看。所以,球刚ー出手,姑娘们就一起呼喊:“好球!”小 陈明白姑娘们的心意,说实在的,看到她们酸疼得胳膊都抬不起来的模样,也打心 眼里同情她们的困难处境。但是,他还是ー丝不苟凍公裁判,喊道:“一般!”<br />
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姑娘们急了,冲着他喊:“喑,这个球还一般?”<br />
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小陈听见了,头也不抬。发球的姑娘见他毫无改判的意思,只好挥挥胳膊,重 新开始发球。<br />
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小陈默默地站在那儿,不慌不忙地继续裁判着:“好球r’“ 一般r’“失误!”…… 他心里明白,平日训练得严,正是为了比赛时过硬。反正姑娘们拿他也没有法 子,总不能冲过网来揍他吧!何况,在他的身后,还站着两位严厉的指导呢!<br />
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下了训练课,有的姑娘淘气地说:“小陈指导,你也厉害起来了!”嘴上是这么 说,其实,姑娘们都喜欢他对自己“严”。在场上拉了脸的姑娘,下来后就找他道歉。<br />
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他总是红着脸笑笑,挺恳切地说:“我是陪练,任务就是陪你们好好练。我要对 你们负责呀!”<br />
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他做什么事都这么认认真真的。为了赶超世界上的几个强队,需要有假想敌。 他又扮演起这些假想敌来。而他过去对自己要扮演的对象,连一次都未见到过。 他耐心地向两位教练和女排姑娘们了解情况,自己又一遍遍地看录像,白天夜晚细 细琢磨,ー招一式地模仿,居然还真的模仿得惟妙惟肖。<br />
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于是,姑娘们除了称呼他“小陈指导”之外,又称呼他那些扮演的外国名手们 的名字。上场时,他的动作,他的架势,多么酷似那些模仿对象啊！但他的性格,却 依然那样朴朴实实;他的表情,依然如此腼腼腆腆。<br />
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像“小陈指导”这样的小伙子,在中国女排这个集体里,其实并不罕见。如果 把先后来当过陪练的小伙子的名单都开列出来,那将是长长的ー串。如果,再把那 些默默地做着自己的贡献的随队医生,也加上去,那么,这支无名英雄的队伍,就更 可观了。无名英雄们为中国姑娘攀登排球运动的世界高峰,铺筑一道道前进的台 阶。但在比赛场上,你见不着他们的身影;在光荣榜上,你找不到他们的名字;在电 视银屏上,你看不见他们的面容。<br />
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不过,他们确确实实又是“女儿国”里的忠诚公民。他们生活在中国女排这个 可爱的集体里,把自己的美好希望溶化在姑娘们的理想中……<br />
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爱情啊,请你晚一点来<br />
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人类的寿命在延长,而运动员的“运动寿命”,因为人才辈出的加速,却在缩 短。对ー个运动员来说,能创造优异成绩的“黄金时代”是很短暂的。<br />
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女排姑娘们深深意识到这一点,惜时如金,把自己的精力高度集中到心爱的排 球事业上。<br />
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但是,她们并不是生活在“真空”的社会里。在那些雪片般飞来的观众的信件 中,未免也夹杂着一些青年人的求爱信;在那千百万的球迷中,总少不了一些痴情 的追求者。甚至,还有从异国送来的温情。但是,不适时机撒下的种子,是不会发 <br />
芽开花的。面对着一封封情意缠绵的求爱信,面对着一件件别有一番情意的礼物, 面对着ー张张小伙子英俊的照片,姑娘们不知多少次虔诚地祈求:“爱情啊,请你晚 一点来!”<br />
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不过,随着年岁的增长,爱情还是悄没声儿地降临到她们之中的几个老队员身 上了。<br />
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社会上不是流传过时下姑娘找对象的“十条”吗?什么ー套家具,二老倒贴, 三转ー响,四季服装,五官端正,六亲不认……还有什么收音机要带照片,缝纫机要 带锁边,自行车要带冒烟……那么,我们女排姑娘交“朋友”有什么条件呢?<br />
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一位排球姑娘曾经这么考验过她的“朋友”。她显得很苦恼的样子,向她的 “朋友”诉说:“唉,我老了,又有一身伤,打不了那么久了,你赶紧打’报告’吧!”她 的“朋友” ー听,赶忙摇头,挺为难地说:“那怎么行呢!现在国家正需要你出 力……”这位姑娘笑了,高兴地说:“你呀,凭这一条,就‘达标’了！”<br />
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当然,别的条件还有,但这是诸条件中至关重要的一条:她们的“朋友”必须在 事业上全心全意地支持她们！<br />
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老队长曹慧英身体康复之后,已经二十四五岁了。在社会上正是青春妙龄,而 在体育运动员中却已经列入“老”字辈了。如果讲名誉地位,她提了十,入了党,还 当选过人大代表,应该说,ー个优秀运动员所能得到的,她都得到了。况且,有的医 生还不同意她继续打球,说搞不好造成肺穿孔,后果就不堪设想。见好就收,见台 阶就下,这不正是有些人津津乐道的吗?但是,曹慧英却选择了另外一条艰难困苦 的路。她对她的“朋友”说:“ー个人的运动寿命本来就不长,我ー住院ー疗养,又 耽误了许多宝贵的时间。我要尽量延长一点,哪怕再打上两三年也是好的。过了 几年,要想再为祖国争光,那就没有机会了。吃点苦,流点汗,甚至冒点风险,都是 值得的。这样做了,将来回想起来,自己就不会后悔。”她望着“朋友”问道,“你支 持吗?”她的“朋友”早已听懂她说这番话的良苦用心了,爽朗地笑着说:“慧英,你 打吧,打多少年,我都等你,等你哪一天不打球了,咱们再结婚。”<br />
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曹慧英归队时,周晓兰、郎平、陈亚琼等几位新秀已经成长起来。她虽然打不 上主力了,但她甘心情愿当替补。她想:“到关键场次,哪怕能上去顶一局半局也好 呀!”如今她已经二十七岁了,是队里名副其实的“老大姐”。她身上虽然有伤病, 但英勇泼辣并不减当年,还是那副“要球不要命”的劲头。<br />
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二传手孙晋芳的“朋友”,对体育的爱好本属一般,但自从结识了小孙之后,仿 佛受到了传染,也迷起排球来了。有一次,小孙拿着“朋友”来信,笑着对队友们 说:“你们看,他多有意思啊,本来不爱看电视,放我们的'网上群星’时他去看了, 从头看到尾。”其实,何止去看电视呢!他还订阅了《体育报》,浏览各种体育刊物, 见到有关排球的消息、资料,统统剪下来,贴成一本。他对小孙说:“你是搞体育的, 应该搜集资料。眼下,你既然顾不上,我来帮你搜集。”<br />
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球队登上飞机出国访问。一位刚刚交了“朋友”的姑娘,从舷窗俯视着渐渐变 小了的送行的人们,眺望着渐渐远去的美丽的首都,陷入了沉思默想:<br />
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“以前是自己孤身ー人,到哪里都无所谓。现在不一样了,有个人牵着自己的 心。要干一番事业,就必然得抛弃ー些东西,做出一点牺牲。少见面或暂时不见 面,也可以算是一点小小的牺牲吧!……人是要有点精神的。特别是ー个青年人, 要为实现自己的抱负和理想去奋斗。如果整天沉浸在绵绵的情意之中,就会丧失 自己的理想,使精神空虚,甚至葬送自己的一生。要把爱情作为动カ,更好地激发 自己的干劲,更好地工作,这オ是80年代青年应取的态度。……朋友,再见吧!任 务的顺利完成,将会给我们以后的见面带来更加绚丽的色彩!让我们在广阔的天 空里比翼齐飞吧!”<br />
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深深的海洋<br />
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炎热的夏天,女排的姑娘们到秦皇岛海滨做十天半月的休息和调整。比起训 练馆和体育馆来,浩瀚的大海,是ー个神奇的世界。往日,不断向她们飞袭而来的 是白色的大圆球;而今,展现在她们眼前的,是大海上数不清的洁白的浪花;往日, 她们脚下踩踏的,是坚硬、光滑的地板;而今,在她们脚下向远方伸延的,是潮湿、细 软的沙滩;往日,在她们耳边响着的是“砰砰”的击球声;而今,在她们耳际轰鸣的, 是大海的浪涛声。姑娘们爱大海！爱日出和日落的壮观,爱狂涛巨澜,爱辽阔和粗 犷……<br />
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大海扬波,靠地球自转、潮汐和飓风;那么,姑娘们心海里的波涛,靠什么力量 激荡呢?<br />
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这里,不妨展读几封观众的来信。<br />
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一位大苗山的瘫痪青年在信中写道:“今天是我二十六岁生日。往年过生日, 我都是在极度痛苦和悲伤中度过的。我是个患风湿瘫痪病的青年,已经在床上度 过了十二个年头。可是,今天,当听到你们胜利的捷音后,我哭了,是幸福和激动的 眼泪……”北京的一位大学生在信中写道:“现在我们オ真正体会到,体育能激发 人们的爱国热情。当五星红旗升起的时候,当国歌奏响的时候,作为ー个中国人, 谁能不为此感到骄傲,真恨不得对这茫茫的苍天、茫茫的大地,喊一声:’我是ー个 自豪的中国人!‘而这一切一切令人感动不已的成绩的得来,全靠你们平时的汗水、 战时的毅カ和拼命精神,你们是当今当之无愧的最可爱的人。”<br />
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河北的一位省政协委员竭カ赞扬排球队的那种“坚忍不拔”的精神。他在来 信中说,全国同胞只要有这种坚忍不拔的精神,就能早日实现“四化”。这位老人 向中央建议,将“坚忍不拔”的精神定为“国魂”。<br />
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一位年轻的教师在信中说:“国家兴亡,匹夫有责。由于你们的胜利,为国家民 族争得了荣誉,唤起了全国人民,特别是青年学生的爱国热情,也唤起了我对国家 前途的信心,使我心灵深处的ー潭死水重新荡漾起希望之波。我以前看不到出路, 只是徘徊。现在我看到了,为了民族,为了中华之觉醒,我们这一代不能徘徊,要奋 斗,奋斗!”<br />
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这些信件,是我国男女排在香港世界杯排球预选赛获胜后收到的。不是几十 封,几百封,而是成千累万,从祖国九百六十万平方千米的土地上,像雪片般向她们 飞来。观众们除了表示庆贺之外,高谈阔论的并不是排球,而是“精神主粮”“国 魂” “理想” “信心” “希望”……居住在首都的青年们,则把她们请去,尽情地向她们 抒发被排球所激起的爱国热情。她们永远忘不了,来到北京大学时,青年学生们ー 边高呼着“团结起来,振兴中华”的响亮口号,ー边把她们裹进了人流。从西门到 礼堂,只有一二百米的距离,学生们却抬着她们,簇拥着她们,走了一个多钟头。沿 途,学生们挤掉的鞋,不下上百只。<br />
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数不清的观众的来信,广大青年的爱国热情,犹如千万股滚滚的爱国热流,汇 成了一个汹涌澎湃的海洋。观众们的每一句热情话语,少先队员们送来的每一条 鲜艳的红领巾,幼儿园小朋友们寄来的几分硬币,港澳同胞语重心长的叮嘱……这 一切无不在姑娘们的心海里掀起一朵朵浪花。姑娘们清晰地听到,每ー个浪涛都 在响亮地呼喊:“为国争光,振兴中华!”<br />
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当读者们读到这篇拙作时,引人瞩目的世界杯排球赛该已经结束了。笔者写 作时,尚无法预测这次世界大赛的结果。赛前,中国女排的姑娘和她们的指导都十 分清醒,中国姑娘争夺世界冠军桂冠的路并不平坦,赛场上将是ー连串翻江倒海般 的大搏斗。当然,与四年前相比,中国女排的阵容更整齐强大了,技术、战术也有了 显著的进步,她们堪称世界第一流的队伍。用运动员们自己的话来说,离顶峰只差 ー个台阶了。用徐寅生的话来形容,中国女排与世界冠军只隔着ー层纸了。但要 登上这最后一道台阶,要捅破这ー层纸,并非易事。不过,不管征途上有多大的困 难,我们的姑娘们都决心奋カ去登攀。四年前,姑娘们唱着“没有眼泪,没有悲伤” 的歌,从日本回来。这次她们该唱着ー支什么歌回来呢?当今世界排坛强手如林, 赛场的风云是很难预测的,会出现某些偶然的因素。但无论胜败如何,三十年来她 们为“走向世界”所做的努力,她们代代相沿地为祖国荣誉而拼搏的精神,都是值 得赞扬和讴歌的。使人欣慰的还有,就在她们身后,比她们更年轻的ー批新手已成 长起来,并且正迅速地走向成熟。她们将不间断地搏斗下去,追求下去……<br />
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她们追求的目标是世界冠军吗?是的,又不尽然。她们ー代一代苦苦追求的, 是祖国母亲的伟大前程啊!<br />
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写在末尾的话<br />
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春节的爆竹,还在空中鸣响,我就匆匆南行,到湖南的小城一郴州,去追赶中 国女排了。<br />
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行前,听说袁伟民的爱人和孩子病了,特意去看望了她们。袁伟民的爱人郑沪 英千叮万嘱,别将她们娘俩病倒的消息告诉她的丈夫。她说:“他那么忙,别让他为 这些事分心。”邓若曾的爱人蔡希秦,送来ー小包花生米,托我带给她的丈夫。她深 情地说:“他爱吃这个,带一点意思意思吧!”他们的独生子,十多岁了,但身有残 疾,至今没有上学,父亲不在,闹得挺厉害。小蔡几乎管不住他,心里煞是烦恼。前 些天,她写信给邓若曾时,情不自禁地流露了几句。她说:“我真后悔给他说这些 事。你一定要告诉他,孩子现在好了,没有什么事,让他放心。”<br />
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列车在夜色中南行。我的思绪,被这两位“排球夫人”朴素而又深情的话语深 深激动。丈夫为了排球事业,南征北战,顾不了家,妻子不仅无怨言,不责备,而且 默默地承担着繁重的家务,承受着生活中的各种烦恼,全力支持和激励丈夫努力エ 作……人们常说,在眼下的中国,ー个家庭里,如果有一个人在事业上要有所作为, 多半就得有一个人做“垫背”,做出ー些牺牲。这两位“排球夫人”（60年代的排球 女运动员）,不正在做着这种牺牲,支持丈夫在事业上的奋斗吗?<br />
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从她们身上,我又联想到成千上万曾为女排赶超世界水平流过汗、出过力的中 国姑娘和她们的教练、领队。60年代,我当体育记者时,曾经在许多地方亲眼目睹 过女排姑娘们的冬训生活。千百个姑娘,汗水和着泥水,在中国大地上滚翻救球的 壮烈场景,至今还历历在目。她们虽然已无缘登上世界排球运动的峰顶,但无疑都 是中国女排走向世界道路上的ー块块闪光的铺路石。<br />
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不过,以往我还没有一次机会,像这次这样,与中国女排姑娘们朝夕相处。郴 州,以它特有的绵绵阴雨迎接我这位北方来客。在那里,我住了二十余天,但只见 到过半个晴天。无声无息的雨丝,仿佛永远也拉不断、扯不完似的。说实在的,她 们的训练生活,远不如比赛场景那么好看。但从训练中,又能看到许许多多在比赛 场上看不到的动人情景。生活是那么单调,训练是那么艰苦,但中国女排的姑娘们 却心甘情愿默默地忍受着……<br />
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深夜里,我躺在床上,耳听着窗外淅淅沥沥的雨声,苦苦地思索着。中国女排 创建近三十年了,她的成员更迭了不知多少,但有一种崇高的精神,却在每一代运 动员中闪闪发光。究竟是ー种什么精神呢?啊,那是ー种伟大的爱,对我们祖国和 人民的深沉的爱。正是这种深沉的伟大的爱,使中国女排新老运动员们如此忘我, 如此痴情!<br />
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同样是这种深沉的爱,激励着我,点燃了我心中写作热情的火焰。今年夏天, 北京是格外的炎热,但我内心的激情比这天气还要火热。在一天繁忙的工作之余, 我伏案挥汗写作。在ー个多月的业余时间里,我匆忙地写下了这些粗糙的文字。<br />
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记得,著名的法国作家巴尔扎克曾经说过这样一句名言:“从来小说家就是自 己同时代人的秘书。”那么,作为ー个报告文学作者,则更应该是自己同时代人的ー 名忠实秘书。写完此文之后,笔者又深感遗憾。在应该讴歌的千百位中国女排姑 娘中,笔者只不过接触到ー二十位。她们之中的绝大多数,笔者至今还无缘相见。 这样,就难免把大量动人的事迹遗漏掉。如果把众多姑娘的事迹都包容进来,那 么,这幅画卷肯定要壮伟得多,动人得多。<br />
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（原载《当代》1981年第5期）<br />
三门李逸闻<br />
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在公元一九八〇年的早春时节,在我们国家960万平方公里地面上的ー个角 落里,发生了一件很小的又是很大的,平平常常的又是非同凡响的,乍听之下似乎 出人意料,细细想来却又尽在意料之中的事。<br />
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好事不出门,坏事传千里。消息像插上了翅膀,随着料峭的春风,迅速传往四 面八方,在不同的人们中间,激起了不同的反应:有拍案而起的怒责,有幸灾乐祸的 冷嘲热讽,有庄严的沉思,有含着苦笑的悲叹……<br />
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昔日默默无闻的小村落一散漫地分布在东辽河左岸一片大盐碱滩上的吉林 省怀德县十屋公社三门李第四生产队ーー因此名声大噪了。<br />
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这是关于五个共产党员和他们的一段奇异遭遇的故事……<br />
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我们共产党人在群众中的位置<br />
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旧历庚申年一猴年一的春节快到了。汗如流水苦累了一年的庄稼人,兴 高采烈地忙着杀年猪,淘米做豆包,赶集买年画,换粉条子,买鱼,打酒。半天上零 星地响着性急的孩子们提前燃放的鞭炮,空气中混合着淡微微的火药味儿,更使年 关的气氛足了。<br />
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然而,这几天有一件事,比迎接春节更加吸引着三门李庄稼人的心,那是关于 联产计酬、自愿结合划分作业组的消息。多少天以来,在积肥场上,在饭桌边,在月 光和雪光照射的难以成眠的热炕头,干部们,老农们,父子、叔兄和小夫妻们,咕咕 哝哝议论的都是这事。这可不是一件小事啊!包工包产到作业组,人合心,马合 套,就不愁多打粮,多贡献,早富。但是,作业组怎么个划法呢?谁和谁在ー组呢? 人们在焦急地等待着。<br />
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终于,大队书记沈春亲自来村里主持召开分组会议了。他先召集本队的五名 党员开小组会,要求大家认真贯彻执行党中央关于实行生产责任制的指示,特别提 出,分组的时候,党员们不要聚堆,最好分散到各组去,以便加强党的领导。大家点 头称是。然后,这オ敲钟集合人。这是ー个规模空前的社员大会,人们参加会议的 踊跃程度可以同土改时候斗地主的大会相媲美。平时总是显得过大而空洞的“队 屋子”,此时嫌窄了。来的不但有劳カ们,一家之长们,也还有爱凑热闹的小嘎子以 及奶着孩子的妇女。大蛤蟆头烟像施放驱霜烟雾似的呼呼升起来,把临时换上的 二百瓦大灯泡都熏暗了。然而,屋子里很静,没有往常开会那种没完没了的闲嗑和 打趣儿逗眼。<br />
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书记宣讲了县委的有关文件,又讲了大队党支部的建议。那个建议很简单,就 是根据本生产队劳カ、土地和牲畜等情况,认为分成两个作业组比较合适。组划多 了,人员不够角儿。<br />
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庄稼人心急嘴也急。沈春的话音刚落,有人就呼儿号儿地喊起来:“这个政策 行啊!拥护!既是自愿结合,谁就插旗招兵吧!”一人喊,众人应。会场上,呼兄唤 弟,喊朋叫友,乱成了一片。<br />
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沈春一看,大势所趋,人心所向,心里也觉着高兴,暗暗佩服中央的政策深得民 心,作业组ー定能划分得好,来年生产错不了,就又急忙讲了划组的注意事项,主要 是希望把骨干劳力和弱劳カ搭配好,避免出现ー头轻的现象,别的地方就有这样的 偏差。同时,作为领导,沈春书记当然也没有忘记提醒大家发扬风格,团结友爱,互 相照顾,等等。<br />
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报名开始了。有人喊:“我们是田富组长!”接着,就哇哇地念了这个那个组员 的名字。又有人喊:“我们是王占河插旗!”接着,也哇哇地念了这个那个组员的名 字。大队书记ー看,更觉高兴,这不是事先就有串联了吗!可见人们对分组积极性 之高、对党的政策拥护之热忱了。但是,刚オ念名字的时候,会场太嘈杂,念的速度 也太快,连汤水不落的,沈书记没有太听清楚都是谁和谁ー组,只觉得恍恍惚惚好 像田富那个组多数是姓冷的,王占河那组差不多都姓王,似乎还剩下了一些人没进 这两个组。沈书记赶紧动员:“既是基本有两个组了,也好,就以他们为基础吧,看 看,还没入组的人,哪组要,要上哪组,抓紧时间报吧!”<br />
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听了书记的话,刚オ热闹非凡的会场忽然安静下来,光剩下了人们使劲咂着嘴 唇抽大蛤蟆头烟和分明是不那么自然的咳嗽声。沈书记感到有点诧异,便以诲人 不倦的领导者风度,又讲了政策条文,然后问:“都还有谁没进组?举举手吧,先拢 ー拢,看哪个组欢迎,自己愿意到哪个组去。都有谁呀?”说着,就在人们中间仔细 审视起来。<br />
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大蛤蟆头烟又使劲地鼓起来了,烟雾先是升到棚顶,再慢慢往下压,快压到人 们头上了。人们的目光有点异样。沈书记越发奇怪。他猛然发现了,在大蛤蟆头 <br />
的烟雾缭绕中,有五个低垂着的头。头垂得那样低,以致稍不注意就看不见他们, 即使看见了,也无法看清他们的脸和眼睛。数九寒天,窗户上哈气成霜,可那五个 人的发梢额角,却闪着亮晶晶的汗珠。<br />
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中共三门李大队支部书记沈春的脸腾地红了起来,好像被ー只无形的手狠狠 扇了一巴掌。他看清楚了,那不是别人,正是本生产队的五名共产党员。看:身材 高大、年纪五十开外的党小组长王オ,复员兵、年轻英俊的小伙子荣凤春和刘清洲, 河北人、壮年汉子王汉周和他的妻子、剪短发的王淑梅。对啦,正是他们五个人没 有进组。在惶惑中,沈春想起了不久以前改选生产队长的事。他们这里硬是把党 员队长荣凤春选掉了,换了一个非党员。那是不是今天这种事情的先兆呢?是的。 可惜自己当时竟没有留心。<br />
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沈春无奈,只好等脸红过ー阵以后,勉强把心稳一下,很委婉地说:“我刚オ看, 还有几户等着入组的,都是社员,总不能甩出去几家,那样也不好。看看哪组愿意 吸收他们。”<br />
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沉默。<br />
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沈春身上的不自在一分一秒地增长起来,好像浑身的血都在往外膨胀,再看自 己那五个同志,脑袋越发垂得低了。<br />
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“看看……哪组……”沈春的声音越发微弱,以致连他自己都怀疑自己是不是 还在说话。<br />
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沉默,还是沉默。<br />
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屋子里这样静,连小孩子吃奶的声音都停止了。也不知道这样过去了多少 时间。<br />
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“我们组就这些人啦!”忽然有一个人说,声音很低,语气却很坚决,使得全屋 的人都吃了一惊。所有的眼睛都转过去看,却是刚オ插旗的王占河。<br />
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“我们组也够啦!”又一个红脸汉子跟着高声大嗓地嚷,“书记刚オ不是讲让自 愿吗?我们就这些人自愿。”<br />
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这是封口 了。眼珠不叫眼珠,真眼仁（人）呀!<br />
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五个共产党员是哪组都不要!……<br />
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当天夜里,这几个被抛弃的共产党员不约而同地聚集到了党小组长王オ的家 里。王オ是这几个人中间的长者,有着近三十年的党龄,又当过二十来年的生产队 长。这位从八岁起就当半拉子、扛大活的老同志,当年曾是村里的一等棒劳カ,后 来驰骋疆场受过伤,抗美援朝渡过江,在难忘的!967年,还戴着三尺长的“走资派”<br />
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高帽子,在全大队被光荣游斗。如今,霜欺两鬓,英雄老矣!<br />
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但他真的老了吗?今晚,王オ望着默默聚拢来的同志们,心里边ー阵酸楚。他 ー个个地看着大家的脸,有的垂头丧气,有的愤愤不平。那个唯一的女党员、河北 人王淑梅两眼红红的,呼吸之间还有抽咽声在。他想安慰他们几句,却又觉得无话 可说。这时候,他们中间最年轻的ー个一27岁的荣凤春说话了:“这不是故意整 人吗?咋的,ー个不要!真把我们党员ー碗凉水看到底了!上公社、上县,也得说 道说道。”<br />
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“不假!”王汉周接过来了,他在河北曾经当过大队团委书记,很有点理论功 底,说话喜欢提到纲线上认识,这时就操着一口河北腔说,“共产党领导一切,分组 不要党员,这就是阶级斗争!”另ー个年轻党员刘清洲听了,也就着高往上拔,大声 说:“可不是咋的！这就是不要党的领导,不要’四个坚持’！跟沈书记说说,他们 自个儿成立的两个组不合法,得推倒重来!”<br />
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“我看倒不一定扯到阶级斗争上去。”还是女党员王淑梅实事求是些,“人家ー 多半怕是嫌咱们干活不行。咱也别强求人家,自己成立个组吧,架不住早点起,晚 点歇,能总落后?”刘清洲听了也说:“可也是！搞原子弹、人造卫星不行,真格的 了,种大地,这么大个子,就干不了?”<br />
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七言ハ语,莫衷ー是。王オ听着这些议论,心里不住地翻腾。能扯到阶级斗争 上去吗?当然是气话。真的是人熊,干活顶不上去吗?也不全对。他总觉得大伙 没说到真正的原因上去。是没有看到?还是不肯那么认识?他想引导大家从自己 身上找找原因,就说:“咱这五个人,除我过了 50岁,30上下的多,就是汉周也オ 46,正是庄稼人下カ气干活的好时候。可这些年咱们都咋干的呢?我是党小组长, 我清楚。你们也不傻,能不知道?不讲别人,就说我吧。自个儿觉得年纪大了,在 村子里边,没有功劳还有苦劳,如今两个儿子在城里工作,活泛钱儿多,光自留地ー 年就收四石粮。自家日子过好了,就想当老太爷享清福了,管大家的事少了,地也 不下了,不像个共产党员。今天会上的事,我有责任,我对不起党……”<br />
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老王オ这ー说,其他人都合拉下眼皮。荣凤春年轻,受不了这话,赶紧说:“你 老上岁数了,要怪得怪我们年轻的。我复员回来,庄稼活生了,好当甩手队长,对人 态度又不好,挺横的。我结婚以后那阵,听社员有反映,说我穿得溜光水滑,骑个小 车,见天嘤儿嘤儿的,东跑ー趟,西颠ー趟,干拿补贴エ分,当时我还有情绪。把我 队长选掉了,也不是滋味。如今看,这不是给党抹了黑吗！”小伙子说着,流下了 眼泪。<br />
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这ー来,大伙都检讨开了。有说因为嫌前勤太累,甘心当了保管员的;有说年 纪轻轻却操起鞭杆子当小猪馆的;有说利手利脚却不爱再下田的。是啊,我们这几 个党员,除去淑梅都当过兵,都当过生产队长,人人能说会道,可就是有一点,马列 主义是专冲别人的,把“为中国人民和世界人民谋利益”变成为自己个人谋利益了。<br />
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“见椅子歇腿,见酒盅开胃,千里马也架不住恋栈。谁能拥护恋栈的千里马?” 见大家说得差不多了,王オ总结似的说,“我们党员啥时候变得这样了呢?”他在沉 思中,想鼓励同志们几句话,但是找不到适当的词儿。他努力回想着当年在战场上 遇到这种情况的时候,班长或连长是怎么鼓励自己的。他终于没有想起来。当年 的共产党人似乎没经历过这种失败。当年的共产党人,在人民群众中,如鱼在水, 如鸟在林,从来没有听说过被人民群众抛弃不管的事。屡闻不鲜的,倒是老大娘或 大嫂子、大伯和大哥们,有时甚至还有刚懂一点人们善恶的小嘎子和小闺女,为了 保护ー个党员,宁可在敌人的皮鞭和棍棒下血肉横飞,宁可被烧了房子,填了水井, 有时甚至不惜满村老幼面对敌人喷火的机枪ロ,也绝不肯让党员同志受半点伤害。 而我们的党员,也可以随时随地,为了人民的利益,极端自觉地献出自己的一切,乃 至生命。党是人民的心,人民是党的命。<br />
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但是现在,我们五个共产党员不受欢迎了。<br />
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怨谁?怪谁?……<br />
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在这寒冷的冬天的午夜里,在这间孤零零的小土房的暖烘烘的火炕上,中国共 产党的ー个小组,以前所未有的郑重态度,讨论着这样ー个极其严肃的课题:我们 共产党人在群众中间的位置。这是何等发人深思的课题呀!月挂中天,星汉灿烂, 大盐碱滩上闪耀着雪ー样的色彩。那是使人望而生厌的涩碱,还是月轮的明洁的 光辉?<br />
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三星歪了,夜已过半,中共三门李四队党小组的讨论得出了一个重要结论:不 是群众冷落了我们,而是我们辜负了群众。不是人民不要我们这些共产党员了,而 是我们不怎么像共产党员了。<br />
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我们怎么办?就此躺倒吗?沉沦下去吗?不,我们从哪里跌倒就还从哪里爬 起来!<br />
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我们共产党人要做什么样的榜样<br />
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分组第二天的黎明时分,ー个惊人的消息飞快地在村里传开了:党员们自己插 旗建组了。<br />
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这个消息立即在村里引起了各种议论。ー些人点头称是:“这样好,谁也不沾 谁的,谁也不拐谁的。”有人把这意思就说得刻薄些:“党员们也该自个儿劳动养活 自个儿了。”ー些老年人却觉得过意不去了。他们想起了党员的种种好处,办事公 道啊,爱帮助人啊,肯自己吃亏啊,对老年人有礼节啊。缺点是有,特别是这些年, 可谁没有缺点呢?再好的马也有失前蹄的时候,就一个也不要人家?他们便埋怨 起那些分组的积极分子来了。<br />
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但也还有一个人很高兴。那是个老病号,本村的头等穷户,长得小身板像麻秆 儿似的,小脸蛋像鸡蛋壳似的,只能放放猪,不能上趟子（下地）。他叫戴洪元。在 那晚的分组会上,他曾经很兴奋地自报:“我参加王占河组。”<br />
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“我们人够了。”王组的人赶紧说。<br />
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“那我报田富那组。”戴洪元有自知之明,因此很能将就,他的意思是有个组 就行。<br />
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“我们再要就多了。”那组的人也赶紧声明。<br />
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戴洪元干翻白眼说不出话来。现在ー听党员单独成立了作业组,他赶紧跑回 家,让孩子从南大甸子喊回了正在搂毛柴的妻子,然后紧紧闩上门,夫妻两个紧张 地商量起来了。他的妻子一跟他青梅竹马、安贫乐处的苦难伴侣一边从头发 上往下摘草棍,边听他说话。很快地,ー个再庄严不过的家庭决议形成了:报名入 党员这组。戴洪元飞起两条细腿,小脸兴奋得通红。他找党小组长王オ了,他很有 信心。<br />
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这个戴洪元,3岁上被卖到戴家,如今47 了,既不知道自己是从哪儿来的,也 不知道父母往哪儿去了。他在贫困的境遇中挣扎着长大。25岁那年,他得了一次 严重的肠梗阻病,在四平和长春住了三个月医院。有21天,滴水不进,全靠打葡萄 糖活命。结账的时候,总共花掉了 1600多元钱,都是集体给报销了。他总说:“我 没有亲人,共产党就是我的亲人。我从小没娘,共产党就是我的亲娘。”划分作业组 的会上,他寻思自己跟王家组是亲戚（他的养母姓王）,跟冷家组是儿女亲家,哪组 还能不要?可就偏偏哪组也没要。“谁要他那个累赘!”有的人说。这回他来找共 产党员王オ了,眼泪汪汪的,他喊:“三舅（他论的是屯亲,其实并非真的甥舅关 系）,我要参加你们党员这组。别人不要我,我跟共产党,共产党不能把我扔了吧?”<br />
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虽然来的是一个半残疾人,王オ也很感动,他觉得这时候来找他入组,是ー种 支持,是ー种鼓励,也是ー种信任,就赶紧说:“要是你不嫌乎,就来吧。我们吃干 的,不能叫你喝稀的就是了。”戴洪元很自卑,他吭吭哧哧地说:“我顶不上个好半 拉子,要了我,你们就得少打粮。”王オ说:“放心,一粒也不兴少打的,还要比他们 那两个组打得多。往年,我们党员没把劲使到生产上,光练嘴皮子了,教训了别人, <br />
自个儿不咋的,对不起乡亲了。今年,我们要把劲别过来。党员都下了决心,要在 发展生产上起先锋作用,把我们作业组办成全公社第一等的。今年我们党员要出 这个风头,哪怕先烂呢,也非当这个出头椽子不可。我们要拼命了,你不嫌累,就 来吧。”<br />
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这以后,他们还另外吸收了两户没人要的职エ家属,正式组成了作业组。大队 党支部批准了他们的组成,同时把这几个组按顺序划定为第一、二、三作业组。但 是三门李的庄稼人自有他们独特的命名法。他们把以王姓为主的称作“王组”,把 以冷姓为主的喊为“冷组”,而把以党员为主的这个组,别出心裁地叫作“党组”。<br />
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啊,“党组” !这是亲切的称呼,还是包含有某种揶揄?<br />
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总之,“党组”的旗帜就这样打起来了,最年轻的党员荣凤春抖擞精神,就任了 第一任组长。好心人替他们捏把汗。有人给算了一下,论人头,他们组能有十几个 人干活,其中除了三个党员是中青年以外,还有一个病号、三个老头、ー个半拉子、 六个小姑娘,忙的时候还可以动员起来五个家庭妇女（其中包括两个老太太）〇年 龄最大的74岁,最小的16岁。这样,他们就集中了全村的老弱残兵。而另外那两 个组则全是一色棒劳カ。怪不得有爱凑热闹的人给编出顺口溜来:“’王组‘强, '冷组’棒,‘党组‘真够呛!”另有好心人替他们发愁说:“到秋天,’党组’这台戏可 咋唱?”戏是可以唱的,事实上,自从“党组”正式组成那一刻起,这台戏已经开唱 了。他们不怕拖累,肯于吸收残疾人戴洪元和没有劳カ的职工家属入组,显示了共 产党人克己为人的宽广胸怀,赢得了善良的庄稼人的敬佩。现在,他们又克服劳カ 不强的困难,送齐了粪,虽然是跟头把式,连跑带颠干的。<br />
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“党组”真正经受考验是在春播时节。<br />
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严冬过去了。春风在人们的期待中染绿了柳树的梢头。大盐碱滩也在这里和 那里悄悄地冒出一点绿芽儿。绿芽儿渐渐连缀起来,颜色由浅而深,阳光一晃,好 像是在大地上镶嵌着一片片翡翠叶子。东辽河的坚冰解冻了,大车路过这里,牲口 也总要停下来喝几口清凉甘洌的水,然后昂首向天,唳唳地叫几声再走。在土屋里 闷了一冬天的老人们也走出来了,扶着柳条栅子,干活舒活筋骨,眯起眼,长久地望 着蓝天上的雁阵。春天来了,有的是希望,有的是时间。三门李人豪兴十足,他们 要在80年代第一春里,大干一场了。<br />
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三个作业组撒开人马,进到芳香的田野里。就像有人预言“党组”一春天送不 齐粪那样,现在又有人预言他们的地要种不上了。当此时机,党小组长王オ挺着高 大的身躯下地来了。他抓起一把湿土,使劲攥着,宣誓似的说:“我不当舒服老爷子 了,豁上这把骨头,干吧!”他早年生活不安定,落下个胃痉挛的毛病,一犯就疼得打 滚。这时候,他就带着药瓶子下地,病犯了就吞一片药。每天,他第一个在朦朦胧 胧的曙色升起以前就起来,挨家叫醒自己组的同志,踩着早霜下地。往年种拉拉稀 苞米,今年他提出种单株密。他拄个小棍,在前边踩格子,不用度量,不用计算,一 步ー个脚印,步间恰好45厘米,好像他的脚上天然就带着ー个电动钢卷尺似的。 整个播种期间,他就是这样在走,十五堀苞米地,都是这么样走出来的。每天平均 要走两万多米。但这不是在平坦的大路上悠闲散步,而是在疏松的垄台上,深ー脚 浅一脚,来来去去毫不变样地走。东辽河边上,既无山又无树,风沙很大,有时刮得 人平地摔跟头,何况在一条窄窄的松土垄台上。风沙难撼志士身。共产党员王オ 就这样ー步步向前走着。在他的身后,是“党组”的同志们。<br />
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王汉周是负责滤粪的。他从河北迁来没有几年。河北不是这样干活的。一方 风土,一方活计。到哪随哪。但这些年他没有好好学活计,如今不会使巧劲就只好 使笨劲,汗流满面地苦干不歇。荣凤春一春天没穿他那身油光水滑的新郎官礼服 了,他早换上了从部队带回来的草绿色军装。经过春风和汗水的漂白,军装很快地 褪色了,ー张年轻英俊的脸也变得薫黑。他的媳妇心疼丈夫,偷着宰了一只老母 鸡,炖上了她在娘家时候拣的油蘑。动筷子的时候,荣凤春对妻子说:“不用宰鸡, 我累不垮,力气在心里边呢,使也使不完。”那个本来还很年轻,却被称作“老倭瓜, 不起面了”的刘清洲,是除了王オ以外最能起大早的ー个了。他是怀德十八中的毕 业生,说话好讲个遣词造句。“清洲哥,真早啊!”“这也叫物极必反了。”他笑一笑 说,“以前我是上工没一天不迟到的,现在不早点就达不到新的平衡啦。”<br />
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在春耕的紧张时刻,“党组”成员的家属们也都来了。那可真是有人出人,有 カ出力,出不了力的也来站脚助威。其中有小媳妇,有小学生,还有一位须发如霜、 矮小驼背、身子几乎弯成一个圆圈的老人,那是王汉周74岁的爹爹。这些家属,他 们有儿子、父亲、丈夫或哥哥“在党”。这些“在党”的亲人今年面临着ー场严峻的 考验。这场考验的成败似乎也和他们命运攸关。他们嘴上不说,但人人心里想的 都是这个。“捧我们‘党组’！”这好像成了他们不言自明的行动ロ号。别组是ー个 点种的和一人滤粪的,他们至少有两个点种的和两个滤粪的。ー副犁杖后边,常常 跟着一大串人。他们好像不是在种地,而是在和他们的亲人ー起,从事一种神圣的 事业。这事业绝不是单纯用工分和经济效益所能表示的。这使他们的精神变得异 常专注,情绪变得分外高涨。而人在精神专注和情绪高涨的时候,往往能做出平时 做不出的事情来。今年,他们的地就种得又快又好又精细,一点也不像我们北方习 惯的大犁划沟、大把扬籽的粗拉拉的干法。<br />
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这一年的春播,三门李四队的三个作业组上了劲,エ效大为提高。去年种地, <br />
全队用了一个月工夫。今年分组,15天就干净利索地完成了。<br />
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好雨知时节。慈爱的大自然母亲也为自己的儿女们及时地助了一臂之カ。春 播刚完,ー场春雨就落下来了。种子发芽,小苗拱土,田野一派绿色。沈春书记组 织了一次全大队的苗情检查,有大队干部、生产队干部和各作业组长参加。他们沿 着本大队的地面巡视,发现哪块地的苗齐苗全苗壮,哪里的苗色发绿发黑,那就一 定是“党组”的。“你看人家‘党组’种那地,地头地尾扔,没ー埼缺苗的。”“王组” 和“冷组”的人说,有点佩服了。<br />
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见苗三分喜。“党组”更来情绪了。“王组”和“冷组”不敢怠慢,赶紧补苗。 “‘党组’呛上了,向你们学习!”他们中的一些人诚恳地说。<br />
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“‘党组’的苗太密,以后怕不能结棒,要吃甜秆儿。”他们中的另一些人也是诚 恳地说。<br />
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果然,不几天以后,“党组”满地的青苗泛黄了。这是脱肥了。为今之计,就是 要赶紧追肥。化肥最赶劲。荣凤春组长火急奔往公社求援。公社机关立刻紧张起 来。他们一直在关注着“党组”的命运啊! “你们这几个人代表着全公社的党员。” 这是十屋公社党委书记的话。岂止全公社,就连县委的书记、地委的部长,心都被 牵拽着啊!公社很想给“党组”吃一点偏食,可惜手头并没有化肥。十屋公社党委 书记亲自出马,去友邻毛城子公社请求支援。毛城子ー听是三门李“党组”需要, 也紧张起来。“他们这个’党组‘也代表我们这些党员啊!”这是毛城子公社党委书 记的话。他们立刻从自己手头分出了六吨硝氨。<br />
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硝氨拉回来了,“王组”和“冷组”眼巴巴地看着。这当ロ追化肥,可真追到点 子上了。“到底是’党组’有党撑腰。咱这没有党员的老百姓组,可成了后娘的孩 子了。”他们这样想着。<br />
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与此同时,“党组”也在想:共产党员能吃独食吗?我们能做那种光顾自己、不 管群众的事吗?好事都归我,见便宜就抢,这是我们共产党员的风格吗?不,不是。 我们宁可少打点粮,多吃点亏,也不能把党的性质改了。三一三十一吧。六吨硝 氨,ー组两吨,平均分下去了。这不是送化肥,是送成吨的粮食啊!这不是送粮食, 是送去了党的传统啊! “王组”和“冷组”大为震动。庄稼人心肠软,受一点好处就 不得了,何况是紧关节的时候成吨的化肥,他们的心和党员的心往一块贴了。<br />
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“嗯,三门李党小组,有点像那么个样子了。”十屋公社党委书记听到这件事, 点头说。<br />
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“党组”把追肥的活包给了妇女。王淑梅动员起了五个家庭妇女,其中包括王 ォ的老伴和荣凤春的老妈。妇女们干活心细,又不糊弄,组里是放心的。往年追化 肥是拿锄头,直着腰板刨坑,大把抓肥往下扔;今年,“党组”妇女们ー改常规,拿小 木棍扎眼,用汤匙舀肥,弯下腰,一点一点往眼里放,就像给自个心疼的孩子喂奶。 农村妇女生活条件艰苦,家务负担重,不少人都有难治的痼疾。荣凤春的妈妈年轻 时生过ー对双胞胎,落下个病,俩肩膀总是酸疼酸疼的。王淑梅有肾炎,这些日子 正犯病,两条腿浮肿,ー按ー个坑,半天不下去。可她们都坚持着干。在她们的丈 夫和儿子面前,她们从来不说ー个累字、苦字、疼字,她们汗水淋漓的脸上总是挂着 笑容ーー只有在劳作不息而又家庭和美的劳动妇女的脸上オ会有的那种笑容。到 晚回到家里,男人们能蹲着或坐下抽支烟,揉揉腰腿,她们却还要趴在灶门脸前烧 火,忙忙地淘米做饭。火光映着她们的脸膛,烟气熏着她们的眼睛,而她们粗心的 丈夫和儿子总是很难发现她们的手和腿是在颤抖着的。这样ー干就是多少天,她 们到底抢在雨前,追完了全组的地。<br />
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转眼也就到了铲地的时候。三门李地方地多人少,铲地ー向是北大荒干法,大 夹板锄,两条胳膊悠开了,粗干毛橹,形同赛跑,轰轰隆隆,眨眼之间一大片地就完 了,铲下来多少草就算多少草。河北人王汉周初来这里干活时很不适应。他的老 家就在万里长城脚下,离秦皇岛不到ー百里。那里铲地的方法有点奇怪,最大特点 是往后边退着铲。而且铲得非常精细,因为土地少、人口多,绝不肯伤ー棵苗,就像 大姑娘绣花ー样。王汉周来到三门李铲地,冷不丁由往后退改为向前进,觉得十分 诧异,不仅干得很笨很慢,而且铲着铲着就又身不由己地往后边退了起来,引起人 们ー阵阵哄笑。加上他的口音太特别,这里的庄稼人又太好奇,听他把“昨天”喊 成“夜个”,把“肚子饿了”叫成“肚子卧了”,无论小闺女和老头子都得笑出眼泪来。 有些淘气的小媳妇和大姑娘爱没深拉浅地闹,远远见了他,总要停下步子,尖起嗓 子,ー齐大喊:“姐夫（谁知道从哪家宗亲论的）,夜个你肚子卧了没?”这样一来二 去,王汉周就不爱上前勤去了。<br />
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但王汉周也有他的好处。今年“党组”铲地要求质量,就是要保全苗、锄净草, “种十成保十成”，“丰收年不收无苗田”呀。这正是河北铲地法的优势所在。王汉 周有用武之地了。他下了地,除了仍对向前进感到有些别扭而外,他那种精细劲, 那种认真的态度,那种ー苗不伤的精神,都叫人打心眼里佩服。素来被人判为“不 会铲地”的王汉周成为打头的了。ー帮年轻人都跟他学,铲得又细,搂得又深。三 门李因此出现了新的铲地法。等到沈春书记又带人来检查夏锄情况的时候,看了 “党组”的地,他和检查组的人无不点头赞叹,说是这样的地铲一遍顶两遍了。<br />
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我们共产党人好此种子<br />
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满地庄稼比赛似的蓬蓬勃勃长起来了。大盐碱滩已经为一片壮观的青纱帐所 覆盖。“党组”的庄稼继续拔尖,丰收已成定局。人们的态度也慢慢变过来了。但 是“党组”仍旧战战兢兢,不敢有半点松懈。<br />
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“人家小看咱们,咱们可不兴小看人家。”还在“党组”处境艰难的时候,党小组 长王オ就常这样对同志们说大家一个屯子住着,哪能总是针尖对麦芒的!分组 不分心,共产党员还要讲究风格。”<br />
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他们也真是这么做的。夏天,冬小麦黄熟时节,劳カ很紧张。“种在冰上,收在 火上”，“麦收三晌”,火似的太阳ー照,眨眼间麦子就勾头了,不及时收上来,就要 掉粒。偏赶上天气预报说要有大雨。抢秋抢秋,真是和天老爷抢收成啊! “党组” 劳カ虽不硬实,但是能动员起来的人手多,干劲又大。人家一头晌歇两气,他们只 歇ー气,中午也不休息,忙忙地扒拉ー口饭,就又下地了。他们很快就拔完了麦子, 运回去了。这时候急坏了那两个组,特别是“冷组”。大片麦子在地里挺着,眼看 就要颓秧了。三门李地方粗杂粮多,种一点麦子金贵得要命。来人去客,擀个面 条,新年春节,包个饺子,全指靠着这点出产。“冷组”的人急得火上了房,不吃不 喝不歇气,拼命干,越着急那麦子还越难拔了。抬头看看天边,黑云彩正由小变大, 风也带出凉味了。正当这个时候,一群人轰一声拥进了麦地,立刻烟尘风扬,干起 来了。“冷组”人抬头看,正是“党组”派人来了。他们很是激动,ー迭声地感谢。 “党组”却说:“这也是互相支援呗!”人们的心越发贴近了。<br />
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分组以后,农具什么的也照样分了三份,但他们仍共同使用ー个仓库,一家占 了一个角,从来没发生过什么纠纷。不像有的地方,分了组,就在仓库里垒起高墙, 开出几个大门,各走各的,如同路人,邻组相望,鸡犬之声相闻,老死不相往来。<br />
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柳枝泛红,北雁南飞,转眼间壮丽的秋天来到了。小杂粮上场以后,“党组”的 领先局面以具体的物质成果显示出来了。无论是小麦、糜子、小豆和葵花子,“党 组”的人均所得都超过了另外两组,其中有的超出了差不多一倍。四大作物（高 粱、谷子、苞米、黄豆）的产量,“党组”也大大领先。全作业组产量高达五十五吨。 “王组”和“冷组”也不错。全队三个组加在ー起比去年多产粮四十多吨。<br />
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这是ー个生产上的重大胜利。但引人注目的东西还不止这些。前不久,三门 李重新选举了生产队班子,党员刘清洲被三个组一致推为生产队长,“王组”和“冷 组”还称他为“总组长”,意思是刘清洲也是他们的组长。在沈春书记看来,这种情 <br />
况很自然地又成了一个预兆,说明三门李三个作业组的构成将要有所变化了。“王 组，，和“冷组，，已经放出口风,要求，，向，党组，靠拢”。有人还在私下里活动,对某个 党员说:“过年你得上我们组来。没有党领导哪行?!”对此事反映最为强烈的是那 两组中的ー帮小伙子和大姑娘。青年人喜欢用自己的眼睛看生活,他们有自己的 追求,不像上岁数人那样注重经济观点,他们更着眼于精神生活的需要。他们很不 满意地说:“三门李的分组法大有问题。把党员都给分走了,我们入党、进步的事咋 办?谁培养?未必你们这些长翅膀的（非党员）当得了介绍人吧?”对这样的埋怨, 他们的父兄是难以作答的。就这样,经过近一年的艰苦奋斗,卧薪尝胆,三门李四 队的共产党员们,同乡亲们一道,共同迎来了一个大丰收年。他们在我们国家960 万平方公里地面上的这ー个小小村落里（在50000〇: 1的地图上都查不到的）,以党 的ー个最基本的细胞,重新恢复了党的威信,重新获得了人民群众的信赖。<br />
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这威信是怎样失去,又怎样重新获得的呢?三门李大队党支部书记ー边谈着, ー边陷入了深深的思索。以前不是没有发现过党员们的问题,也不是没有采取措 施解决。批评啊,个别谈话啊,办学习班啊,学习十二条准则啊,可就是不起多少作 用。这回用了什么办法呢?没有。没用什么办法。大队支部和公社党委甚至没有 批评一声,指责一句,可党员们竟ー个个奋起改正了缺点,这是什么巨大的权威力 量做出的奇迹呢?是生活,是人民群众,是ー种极严峻又极公正的社会现实。“我 们共产党人好比种子,人民好比土地”,我们党的领袖老早就这样说过了。种子是 不能离开土地而生存的,就像巨人安泰离开大地母亲就会被敌人击毙ー样。这些 年来,我们的教训有一千条一万条,归根到底,其实恰恰是这一条:我们作为种子脱 离了人民这块土地。<br />
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当我们勇敢地正视这种现实,挺起胸来,不是靠宣言,而是靠行动,不是靠旁 人,而是靠自己,去克服缺点错误,去发扬党的传统,去以我们自己的手,恢复我们 自己的形象,则我们就必定能够重新开花结果,达到我们的目标,就像在三门李这 块丰饶而又贫瘠、富裕而又荒凉的大盐碱滩上,我们五个普通党员所获得的成功 那样。<br />
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（原载《春风》1981年第6期）<br />
胡杨泪<br />
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孟晓云<br />
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在世界上,胡杨一最古老的杨树品种已罕见。<br />
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我在塔克拉玛干大沙漠的边缘,见到了这珍奇的树。它高大,树干弯曲,像弓 着背的老人。其貌不扬,却有着很强的生命力,耐干旱,耐盐碱,抗风沙,能在夏季 酷热、冬季严寒、年降水量只有十几毫米的恶劣自然条件下生长。维吾尔族农民 说,胡杨三千年,长着不死一千年,死后不倒一千年,倒地不烂ー千年。<br />
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当地人称胡杨是“会流泪的树”。这是因为,生活的环境越干旱,它体内贮存 的水分也越多。如果用锯子将树干锯断,就会从伐根处喷射出ー米多高的黄水。 如果有什么东西划破了树皮,体内的水分会从“伤ロ”渗出,看上去就像伤心地流 泪ー样。千百年来,这自生自灭的天然胡杨,总是默默地为人们提供各种财富:它 的树干是优良的建筑材料;它的嫩枝和树叶是牛羊爱食的饲料;就是它流出的 “泪”,很快变成一种结晶体,叫胡杨碱,也可以食用、制肥皂……哦,这会流泪的 树!我抚摸着胡杨粗糙的树干,被它可贵的品格深深感动了。<br />
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蓦地,我想到了一位在塔里木结识的农垦大学教师钱宗仁。任何ー个陌生人, 握住他那粗糙的手,看到他黝黑多皱的脸,绝不会认为他只有39岁,也不会想到他 是ー个知识分子。<br />
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整整四个下午、四个夜晚,钱宗仁向我讲述了二十年坎坷自学的经历。他并非 ー个成功者,甚至可以说是ー个失败者。他的一句句话,仿佛是胡杨树上流出的ー 滴滴泪珠。<br />
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离乡歌<br />
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1964年8月,从兰州开往吐鲁番的慢车上,坐着ー个约莫20岁的青年,瘦高个 儿,看上去很老实,也很忧郁。他没有行李,没有提包,甚至买了火车票后,已身无 分文,既不是走亲戚,也不是做买卖,但他出远门了。这青年叫钱宗仁,湖南湘乡县 市州大队人。<br />
火车唯当唯当地响着,沉重的车轮从钢轨上碾过去,碾过去,像是碾碎了他童 年的梦幻;窗外一晃而过荒凉的戈壁,像是他流逝的学生时代。也许是命里注定, 20岁就要流落异乡。他是ー个本分、勤奋、纯洁的青年,自懂事起,就有一块石头 压得他喘不过气来,有一个影子总伴随着他一他是“富农”的儿子。为此,他入 不了团,三次失去上大学的机会,甚至连在家乡都无法生活下去。<br />
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公平地说,土改时,钱宗仁家的成分第一次被划为贫农,这在情理之中。可是 由于一点家庭纠纷得罪了当时的农会主席,他把钱家划为“佃富农”。在急风暴雨 式的南方土改运动中,某ー点点差错并不妨碍这场运动的伟大,然而就是这一点点 差错,竟酿成了钱宗仁前半生的悲剧。<br />
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“同志们请注意,我们这趟车比较拥挤,为了维护好车厢内的秩序和卫生,请各 车厢推选一名愿为大家热心服务的旅客代表……”列车的广播响了。“就选这个 小伙子吧。”ー个老头指着钱宗仁。“中,我看行,老实巴交的……”ー个抱孩子的 妇女搭讪着。车厢里的气氛热烈起来,大家向钱宗仁投去热情和信任的目光。<br />
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世界上还有什么比信任更可贵呢?钱宗仁不愿意辜负人们的信任。他不吝惜 カ气,也有的是力气。在老家,为了挣学费,他挑过红砖,担过水,推过车,眼下这点 活算什么呢?扫地、擦地、整理行李,漫长的旅途中,钱宗仁一刻不停地为大伙做 事。小娃要拉屎了,他用痰盂接着;老大娘不舒服了,他跑遍了其他车厢找大夫。 旅客写了表扬稿,为这,炊事员还在他的饭盒里多添了一勺子菜呢。<br />
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ー棵长期被压在石板下受冷落、被忽略的小草,居然在这群素不相识的人中, 受到了关注、信赖和拥戴。他们并不了解钱宗仁的出身和经历,那些都是无关紧要 的。他们看到的是ー个活生生的人 个有着热心肠的小伙儿。<br />
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此情此景,令钱宗仁回想起一次特殊的旅行。一年前,华北遇到洪水,郑州不 通车了, 一群拿着哈尔滨エ业大学录取通知书的学生,只好绕道济南,转烟台,再从 烟台乘船到大连。哈尔滨工业大学在济南组织了一个返校委员会,一个年轻人跳 到广场的台子上,举着大喇叭说:“同学们,在这种特殊困难情况下,大家都不要心 急,我们要发扬互助友爱的精神。有个新同学姓钱,他主动帮助别的同学托运行 李,把旅店里的床位让出来,自己却露宿街头,我们应该向他学习……”他说的就是 钱宗仁,那也是ー种像此刻在列车上选他为旅客代表同样的信任。<br />
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当时,有谁能理解钱宗仁复杂的心情呢?新生们虽然要延误报到的日期,他们 的心情毕竟是快活的一对未来大学生活充满着憧憬。而钱宗仁,手中没有户ロ 迁移手续,他考上了哈尔滨工业大学,但能不能就读,就读多长时间,尚不可知,前 途莫测啊!<br />
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命运总在捉弄着他。1962年第一次考大学,钱宗仁的成绩优异,进入全湖南 省前十名。清华大学招生小组准备录取他。湘乡二中党支部副书记,利用ー个学 生干部的嫉妒之心,盗走钱宗仁的日记本,断章取义,将其政审结论改为“出身不 好,思想反动,不宜录取”。就这样,钱宗仁落榜了。但他不甘心,第二年又以优异 的成绩被哈尔滨工业大学精密仪器系录取。他欣喜若狂,一宿没合眼。<br />
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那时长丰公社刚开始搞“四清”试点,公社S书记任浒州大队工作组组长,他们 正在摸底组织阶级队伍时,传来钱宗仁被录取上大学的消息。当天晚上,村上召开 群众大会,S书记报告,有一段话让钱宗仁毛骨悚然:“我们这里有没有阶级斗争动 向啊?解放二十多年了,这个大队只有一个师范专科大学生,现在有一个富农的儿 子钱宗仁考上了大学,还是什么秘密专业（他不懂‘精密’二字）。为什么这么多贫 下中农子女不上大学,却叫他去上这么好的大学?还有人批准,你们说这是不是阶 级斗争?我们能叫他上大学吗?我宣布,他上大学谁批准谁负责,谁给办手续谁 负责!”<br />
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钱宗仁又气又急,散了会就去找S书记了。S打着官腔:“这是大是大非的原 则问题,你不能理解……”难道年轻人的前途又要被儿戏般毁掉?钱宗仁痛哭流 涕,但是,眼泪是感动不了 S这号人的,他怎么能知道钱宗仁为取得深造机会苦苦 奋斗的日日夜夜!怎能理解他朝思暮想迈进大学门槛的心情!<br />
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19岁的年纪,无法接受这冷酷的现实,钱宗仁回到家里,哭啊、哭啊,又是一夜 没睡。大队干部拒绝给他办理迁移户ロ的手续,恰好这时湘乡二中毕业的十几个 大学生回乡度假,听到此消息,气愤地找公社干部理论,又联名写信向教育部反映 情况。钱宗仁怀着对党的政策的信任,身带ー份报告书,空手登上了赴哈尔滨的 旅程。<br />
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他的命运操在s书记等人的手中。恼羞成怒的s书记发函给哈工大,要求取 消钱宗仁的入学资格。哈工大党委又派孙景略同志去湘乡市进行调查协商,到长 丰公社宣传党的“有成分论、不唯成分论、重在政治表现”的政策,请“四清”工作队 允许宗仁上学。那位S书记立即组织人马,写了十几页材料,说明钱“政治表现不 好”。当孙景略了解此材料纯属编造,据理力争时,S书记在事实面前蛮不讲理,居 然说:“要是我们公社ー级党领导机关还搞不过ー个地富子女,这会产生什么影响? 你们哈工大是共产党的学校还是国民党的学校?为什么不支持贫下中农,却支持 地主富农!”最后竟耍起无赖,“你们硬要钱宗仁上学,我们立即撤走工作队,这里<br />
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的’四清’由你们派人搞就是了。”<br />
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协商无效。哈工大无奈,只有劝钱宗仁退学<br />
如烟的往事啊……<br />
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告别,告别,这一次不是告别家乡,而是与同窗三个月的好友分手。他所在的 班全体同学到哈尔滨火车站送行。钱宗仁流泪了,大家都流泪了。“宗仁,我们等 着你归来。”“宗仁,如果你此行回不来,可以在家乡从事文学创作,照样有出息。” “怎么会回不来?学校领导亲口说的,我们是希望你上学的,但有些问题需要你回 去对证。”天真的宗仁,你哪里知道,这不过是同学们的ー种愿望,哪里会想到从此 一去不复返,从此不能再登哈工大的门槛了呢?<br />
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告别,又是告别,这回是向考场告别。为了求学,钱宗仁付出了多少代价,可他 依然没有绝望。就在前一年被劝退学的那次谈话中,他流着泪还在问:“以后我要 再考大学,还让不让我考呢?”哈工大送他回家乡的同志热诚地说:“希望你明年考 大学,继续报哈工大,我们欢迎你。”在场的公社干部也一口应承:“没问题,让你 考。”钱宗仁轻信了。第二年,他一切准备就绪,去报名时,“四清”工作队从中作 梗,他跑了公社九次,九次被拒之门外,报名工作截止了。钱宗仁茶不思,饭不想, 沮丧、绝望和忧愁笼罩在心头,他第一次感到了自己的软弱。那年的7月15日,高 三学生们纷纷走进考场,魂系考场的钱宗仁也情不自禁地向那走去。他只能远远 地望着。年轻人在专注地答题,多么熟悉又多么亲切的考场,永别了!钱宗仁深情 地向考场投了最后一瞥,跑到小河边,抱着苦楝树,ー个人长久地哭着,然后写下了 两句诗:“理想崇高志永恒,常将寸步比长征……”告别,又是告别。这一次他真的 告别了家乡,谁知道这是不是永别。他要到那最荒凉、最荒凉的戈壁滩去。不能上 学,他还有一颗心、一双手,可以参加祖国的建设呢。不知为什么,钱宗仁对未来产 生一种神秘感,又夹着热烈的向往。他奋笔疾书,在西行的列车上写了一首《离乡 歌》:“凝眸回首意难详,去地归期两渺茫。汽笛声催家恋淡,车轮响报路行长。但 须后事争前事,也或他乡胜故乡。寻觅英雄用武地,好花无处不芬芳。”<br />
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好花无处不芬芳<br />
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新疆阿克苏市图书馆阅览室增添了一个年轻人的身影,瘦瘦高高的个子,皮肤 被风沙吹打得很粗糙,这青年就是钱宗仁。他在实验林场当工人,月工资33元,没 有钱买书,他自有办法:每逢星期日,天蒙蒙亮,他就上路了,从林场到阿克苏市有 30里呢,他疾走如飞到县城,是最早一个等阅览室开门的人。女图书管理员都认 识这个小伙子了,你看他,中午啃着苞米面悖悖还在看书呢。《百炼成钢》《林海雪 原》《子夜》《静静的顿河》《走向新岸》《悲惨世界》……一些古今中外的名著几乎 都是那时候读完的。<br />
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“傻瓜,真是个呆子,星期天也不知喘口气。”同睡在ー个土炕上的工人,大多 是全国各地来的“盲流”,他们没有文化,当然无法理解钱宗仁求知的欲望,收エ 后,他们多数打牌、睡觉,哪里会感到书中有无穷的乐趣?<br />
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从来林场的那天起,钱宗仁就被人们称为“傻瓜” 了。<br />
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钱宗仁本来可以找ー个更理想的工作岗位。他的一个老乡李金云和劳动局常 局长相熟,小李说他有个弟弟想来新疆找个工作,老常一ロ应承。就这样,钱宗仁 代替李金云的弟弟来阿克苏了。<br />
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临到安排工作了,ー个干事问道:“你怎么认识常局长的?你和他什么关系?” 钱宗仁不会撒谎,一五ー十地讲了。干事的脸立刻拉长了:“工作不好安排哟,你有 户口吗?能否办来?”“没有户ロ。恐怕一时也办不来。”“你有什么特长?”“没有。 只会劳动。”“那么你去林场开荒种树行不行?”“行。”<br />
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钱宗仁来到实验林场后,向同宿舍的工人学舌一番,大家都嘲笑他是个笨蛋: “你不会说你是常局长的亲戚吗?那样马上可以安排到地区工厂或者机关,户ロ以 后慢慢办嘛,你也太傻了。”钱宗仁或许这辈子也学不会说谎,他已经很满足了,只 要政治上不再受歧视,他就是由地狱进了天堂,再吃苦受累也心甘情愿。<br />
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他没有足够的过冬的衣服,没有被褥,这些小伙子都不放在心上;要紧的是找 ー个墨水瓶做油灯,他要学习,要写作。钱宗仁在阿克苏报上发表的散文,在《新疆 文学》上发表的短篇小说《开荒队的姑娘》《认识》,都是在这小油灯下写出来的。<br />
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钱宗仁的オ干开始被林场的领导看重,林场成立了一个业余文艺宣传队,钱宗 仁写了不少相声、快板、小话剧;之后,他又当上了保管员,生活得挺有意思。时间, 像ー个无声的医生,它能使心灵的伤口愈合,使绝望的痛楚消失。阿克苏的土地够 肥沃的,不信长不出红花绿草。钱宗仁在这块土地上落脚了,扎根了。<br />
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大约是!965年吧,不少工人嫌林场工资低,生活又艰苦,跑掉了。帐篷里只剩 下钱宗仁和另ー个工人。专区“四清”工作队的何组长到林场检查工作,发现钱宗 仁床头上贴着这样一首词:“谁言塞外不荒凉,风沙帐,尘土床。中华儿女,有志此 中央。想到江南风景好,挥汗水,改新装。亲人岂可不思量,话心肠,寄爹娘。扎得 根深,此地是家乡。望我成材如树木,宜红柳,宜白杨。”<br />
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老何连声称好。他在大会上表扬了钱宗仁。信任,又使钱宗仁那颗备受磨难 的心受不住了。人与人之间的间隙在缩短,他向老何全盘托出一家庭的历史、个 人的遭遇。老何深表同情,建议钱宗仁趁“四清”运动全面展开,到原籍甄别家庭 成分。宗仁当时无钱回家,写了一份很长的报告,寄到湖南省委“四清”工作队总<br />
部,没想到,这在动乱岁月中竟成了他为家庭成分翻案的ー个罪名。这是一根十分 敏感的神经。湘乡长丰公社连续九次发函阿克苏实验林场,要求把钱宗仁送回原 籍劳动改造。<br />
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还是别提那动乱的岁月吧,偌大的中国,几乎每ー个家庭、每ー个善良的人都 有自己一段难以言传的痛苦遭遇。钱宗仁不容置疑地是“黑七类”,有这么几条就 够了: ー、混进大学,被开除;二、坚持反动立场,为家庭翻案;三、书写反动诗词,发 表毒草作品;四、骗取“走资派”的信任,妄图钻进革命队伍。往事不堪回首,反省、 揪斗、绑打、苦役、逃亡、到处流浪……<br />
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日夜吊起来轮流拷打,拖着沉重的脚镣被关进土牢,有人把他当马骑,用鞭子 抽着他去撞墙,用香烟烫他的脸部,钱宗仁难以忍受这种非人的生活。有一天,趁 看守打瞌睡时,他把土牢的窗户撬开,逃跑了,逃到乌鲁木齐、喀什流浪,曾在沙漠 的废墟中度过那漫长的冬天……<br />
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生活把什么都夺走了,剥去了,把钱宗仁从正常人的圈子里开除出来了,入了 另册,但是他心里还有一把火没有熄灭。他要学习。坐牢的时候,他默诵古文和诗 词,推演数学公式;办“学习班”的时候,他利用写检查之机,学语法修辞。他指望 有那么一天,把自己的智慧献给祖国,把积累的知识献给人民。好一个在逆境中自 强不息的生命!好一个在苦旱沙漠中倔强的灵魂!<br />
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在那漫长的岁月中,人与人之间的间隙开始无限度地扩大,扩大到林场不容钱 宗仁立脚,将他遣送原籍;扩大到钱宗仁不得不含泪和他的未婚妻分手,可那钟情 的女子,是为了心上的人,不远万里来到新疆落脚的。钱宗仁不得不告别了生活六 年的阿克苏。<br />
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他在县城里的青石板路上踽踽独行,ー个苗条秀气的女子向他走来,是中学同 班同学文化南。他想躲开,自从回老家后,他不敢去看自己的同学和老师。“这不 是宗仁吗?到我家来坐坐。”善良的文化南听了宗仁的遭遇,同情地说,“你不是学 得一手木匠好手艺吗?到二中修门窗来吧,我是管理员。”一番热情的话语,使寂寞 中的宗仁感到丝丝温暖。<br />
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钱宗仁在二中干了六七天活,被ー个老师发现而赶了出来,连文化南也受了一 顿好批,说他是危险人物。多伤心哪,连劳动的权利都被剥夺了。钱宗仁挑着木匠 担子,拖着沉重的脚步,心灵的负荷使他透不过气来。1974年的腊月廿九,他又离 开了家乡,漂泊去了。向何处去?怎样生活? 30岁的钱宗仁感到ー种惆怅和 茫然。<br />
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在武汉,他有幸认识了一个小漆匠,给他的生命注入了一种新的力量。这小漆<br />
大记求<br />
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中国改革开放四十年报告文学选<br />
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匠姓杜,看上去二十六七岁,是个插过队的待业青年。在武汉钢铁公司三矿,钱宗 仁为别人做木工活,小杜涂油漆。有一天,钱宗仁在工厂里看批林批孔的大字报, 小杜拍了拍他的肩膀:“钱师傅,你还挺关心政治的嘛,走,到我那儿坐坐。”<br />
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钱宗仁来到小漆匠的住处,那是一座用废板子钉的棚子,屋里有两张床,是用 木板拼起来的,上面铺的稻草。给他印象最深的是满床满地的书,书上用钢笔画得 圈圈点点,全部是哲学和历史方面的书籍,没有一本小说。这小漆匠正在读《反杜 林论》和《美国内战》。<br />
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“你看这些书有什么用?”钱宗仁问。<br />
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“你知道中国为什么这样动乱?”小漆匠反问道,“我在找寻答案。批林批孔你 知道矛头是对着谁吗?是周总理……”<br />
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小漆匠从中国革命的历史讲起,解释中国社会当时的政治形势。钱宗仁也述 说着自己的经历,然后感慨地说:“我有一条抹不掉的影子!”<br />
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“唯成分论是唯心论。你背上沉重的包袱是人为的。既然是人加上去的,人还 可以去掉……”<br />
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这番谈话深深地震动了钱宗仁。他感到自己的贫乏和狭隘。他第一次意识 到,应该向自己的“影子”告别,尽管它是那么难以摆脱。影子是虚幻的,而钱宗 仁,是实实在在的。<br />
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仅仅超过两岁<br />
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1981年的冬天,钱宗仁跳上南去的列车一从乌鲁木齐到西安。他的心情是 复杂的。<br />
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自!978年7月开始到1981年春,钱宗仁在繁忙工作和沉重家务的间隙中,学 完了八门大学课程,写了四十多本笔记,做了二十册练习题,以几乎全是满分的成 绩取得新疆广播师范大学毕业证书。1981年9月,他考取西北大学数学系刘书琴 教授的研究生,成绩在二十六名考生中名列第一。左等右等,通知书却没有寄来。 这究竟是为什么呢?他已经37岁了,这或许是最后一次入学深造的机会了,钱宗 仁怎能错过?他要去西安问个究竟。<br />
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难道我又有什么过错吗?钱宗仁在飞驰的列车中沉思默想。数学中有这样ー 个名词,叫“条件极值”。某ー个量在固定的条件下可变动内在因素,取得最大的 值。人,只能在不可改变的条件下,尽量开足马カ,争取最大的值。重返阿克苏后 的八年,钱宗仁正是以这种积极态度,争取着人生最大的“值”<br />
与小漆匠分手,钱宗仁回到实验林场筑路队,以往加给他的一切罪名都一风吹 了,他又重新当了一名工人。筑路工地远离居民点,在戈壁上搭起帐篷,喝的是浑 黄泥沙水,吃的是咸菜玉米馍。扫冰雪,挖冻土,顶着风沙铲石头,这一切苦都不在 话下,钱宗仁庆幸从此再没有折磨人的政治运动的折腾,生活安定了,又可以自 学了。<br />
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他在筑路工地上,在戈壁滩的帐篷里,靠几本字典和一些废纸,开始研究汉字 结构。经过无数个不眠之夜,他将所有的汉字ー笔ー画地进行反复推敲、归类排 列,到!975年底,编成一种“汉字笔顺号码排字法”。<br />
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可巧,《参考消息》有一篇报道,讲ー个美籍华人发明了“丙字检字法”,方法竟 与钱宗仁的排字法基本相同。钱宗仁鼓起勇气把自己的排字法和检字表寄给《人 民日报》,请他们代为推荐。《人民日报》寄给了商务印书馆。事隔两年,商务印书 馆在清理资料中清出退还给钱宗仁,说该馆没有这方面的研究机构,要他改寄其他 部门或请有关专家审阅。当年全国科学大会期间已报道有人发明类似的笔顺号码 检字法,其后又陆续报道了更先进的方法,钱宗仁望尘莫及。他身居僻地,既无人 指导,又缺乏图书资料,与任何科技部门、教育机构都无联系,有谁指引?有谁支 持?即使是学到了一定程度,达到了相当的水平,又有谁发现?有谁推荐?有谁承 认?有谁录用?<br />
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但是,钱宗仁毕竟从中发现了自己的潜カ,他决心自学大学课程,报考研究生。<br />
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每走ー步都要付出心血和代价。钱宗仁无法选择专业一没有任何书籍,有 什么书就决定他学什么专业。他在近处寻到一本残缺不全的《高等数学》上册,他 向北京、上海、天津等地新华书店发出七十多封信邮购,都是无货。他向内地的亲 友联系,都爱莫能助;他向哈尔滨工业大学写信,请求购买原来所学专业的教科书, 杳无音信。费尽心机,最后只弄到了几本数学书和一本英汉辞典。<br />
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时间是这样安排的:白天,钱宗仁坚持搞好本职工作,尽量挑重担子,公务活动 绝不缺席一防止在所难免的非难;正常休息时间,他非干体力劳动（打家具挣 钱）不可,不然他无法维持家庭的基本生活ーエ资低微,上有老人,下有妻小,都 要靠他养活。除了五小时的睡眠外,剩下的每一分钟都要抓紧,吃饭、洗脸、走路、 上厕所都算作学习时间。三年之间,他从ABC学起,牢记了五千个单词,演算了上 万道算术题,身体一天天消瘦,体重一天天减轻,可是顾不上了 一这是ー个抢时 间的特定时期。<br />
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他终于考上了,但至今没有得到入学通知书。<br />
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沉重的钢铁车身,吭哧吭哧地发出巨大的声响。命运,你为什么对我这样无<br />
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情?难道我毕生的梦想又要被碾得粉碎?我有什么过错?有什么过错?<br />
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钱宗仁终于在记忆深处搜寻出ー个错误,他少报了两岁年龄,可只有这样才能 取得考试资格呀。!978年报考研究生年限是40岁,1979年和!980年是38岁, 1981年减至35岁,而钱宗仁已37岁。他早早地撑出他生命的船到远处漂泊,时光 却在岸边挨延消磨了 ,这能怪他吗?钱宗仁给西北大学研究生办公室写了报告,述 说了自己特殊的经历和求学的心情。他希望得到同情和谅解。<br />
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此刻,钱宗仁在火车上,正在默读着这个报告:<br />
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“我一生梦寐以求能有进高等学校的机会,哪怕是ー个很短的时间。我不是为 了什么名声,这对我的经济状况也无所改善;我一生只要求一个基本的生活条件, 却渴求一个较好的求知环境。我想实践一下,当国家能满足她的ー个儿女渴求学 习的心愿时,他的年华能否放出光芒。我愿以两年时间学三年课程,提前结业,以 消除年龄矛盾。若在任何时候发现我赶不上其他年轻优秀学生,立即退学……”<br />
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回想起到西安复试和与刘书琴教授的接触,这位74岁高龄的学者了解了钱宗 仁的经历,同情他,喜欢他,认为年龄不是原则问题,历年也有超龄录取的先例,建 议学校予以破格录取。陈述的理由是:ー、该生考试成绩好,指导教师实测后认为, 由于该生是在全无指导下自学应试,其实际水平还高于考试分数所反映的水平,确 有培养前途;二、从该生的经历看,其年龄是被错误路线所耽误,本人尽了最大的努 カ补救,纵然超龄,其情可谅;三、该生生活环境和学习条件都相当差,能如此长期 坚持自学,其志可嘉;四、数学系研究生没有招满,既然有培养能力,而国家人才需 求紧迫,不应错过机会。这个建议经数学系讨论书面送交学校。<br />
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难道我的请求报告及数学系的建议都未获准吗?当钱宗仁来到西北大学,见 到研究生办公室负责人那张毫无表情的脸时,他心冷了。<br />
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“我代表学校向你宣布,由于超过录取年龄,不予录取。”<br />
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真是劈头盖脸的打击。“你们就这么仓促地决定了吗?”钱宗仁讷讷地问。<br />
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回答依然是那么冰冷,摆出ー副公事公办的架势:“年龄是死的,我们没有什么 商量的余地。”<br />
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年龄是死的,可人是活的,招生制度是人制定的,难道人不能做ー些小的更改 吗?钱宗仁的心不死,依然存在着ー线希望。<br />
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他去看望刘书琴教授,刘老听了很气愤:“我招的研究生,怎么不与我商量一下 就不要了?年龄超过了就超过了,35岁能当,37岁也能当嘛。你到北京去找教育 部,看看年龄问题是否还有活动的余地。我给你带封信,先找一下数学研究所的张 广厚,他会帮你的忙的。”刘老从皮夹里拿出三十元钱,让孩子给钱宗仁买了一张去 北京的快车票。</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03:03&diff=154634Report CN EN 03:032023-03-12T10:28:13Z<p>Xie Jiayu: </p>
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<div>张广厚在百忙中接待了钱宗仁。钱宗仁说:“世界上有成就的人,他们的黄金 时代在25岁ー30岁,40岁前出成果的占90%,我是快40岁的人了,但我想可以算 到10%里去。”张广厚连声称赞:“好,你这个人看来很有志气,每个人都有权利争 取进入10%的行列,40岁以后出成果的也大有人在。我们与教育部很少打交道, 《光明日报》和《中国青年报》有两个记者我很熟,他们很懂政策,你去找他们试 试看。”<br />
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Zhang Guanghou received Qian Zongren in his busy schedule. Qian Zongren said: "The golden age of the successful people in the world is between the age of 25 and 30, and 90% of them produce results before the age of 40. I am almost 40 years old, but I think I can be counted in the 10%." Zhang Guanghou praised: "Good, you seem to be very ambitious. Everyone has the right to strive to be in the 10 %, and there are many people who produce results after the age of 40. We rarely deal with the Ministry of Education, but there are two reporters from Guangming Daily and China Youth Daily that I know well, who know the policy very well. You can find them to have a try."<br />
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钱宗仁带着张广厚写的信找到《光明日报》,记者老林十分热心,当即与教育 部研究生处联系,并递上钱宗仁请求当研究生的报告。教育部研究生处批给陕西 省高教局:“钱宗仁情况确有特殊之处,望陕西省高教局协助西北大学考虑,是否作 为特殊情况处理。”<br />
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Qian Zongren found Guangming Daily with the letter written by Zhang Guanghou, and the reporter, Lin, was very enthusiastic and immediately contacted the graduate student department of the Ministry of Education,and handed over the report of Qian Zongren's request to be a graduate student. The graduate student department of the Ministry of Education submitted it to the Higher Education Bureau of Shaanxi Province: "Qian Zongren's situation is indeed special, hoping that the Higher Education Bureau of Shaanxi Province would assist Northwest University to consider whether to deal with it as a special case."<br />
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钱宗仁满怀希望,回到西安,再次去见西北大学研究生办公室的那位负责同 志,回答是冰冷而圆滑的:“教育部让我们考虑,没有说一定录取。我校中文系有一 个应届毕业生也是超龄报考,考试成绩过了分数线,本拟录取,却因中文系过分数 线的学生人数多于录取名额,这个超龄生没有被录取。为了一视同仁,我们不能录 取你。你没有上成大学,’文革’中又受种种磨难,对此我们表示同情,但这与我们 无关。自学成オ不一定都要当研究生,在新疆也是大有可为的。”<br />
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Qian Zongren returned to Xi'an with great expectations to see the comrade in charge of the Graduate Affairs Office of Northwest University again, but the answer was cold and slick: "The Ministry of Education told us to consider, not to say that we must accept you. There was a recent graduate of our Chinese Department who was also overage and passed the admission line, and was going to be admitted, but because the number of students who passed the admission line in the Chinese Department was more than the number of places, this overage student was not admitted. In order to treat you equally, we could not accept you. We sympathize with you for your failure to go to university and your sufferings during the 'Cultural Revolution', but it has nothing to do with us. Self-taught talent does not always have to be a graduate student, who is also promising in Xinjiang."<br />
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刘书琴教授又一次震怒了 : “太无道理了,你再去一次北京去找蒋南翔、华罗 庚……”又掏出三十元钱让钱宗仁赴京。钱宗仁虽然已感到希望渺茫,但为了不辜 负刘老的一片心意,第二次来到北京。<br />
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Professor Liu Shuqin was furious again: "It makes no sense. You go to Beijing again to find Jiang Nanxiang, Hua Luogeng…" and took out 30 yuan to let Qian Zongren go to Beijing. Although Qian Zongren already felt hopeless, in order not to abuse Liu’s kindness, he came to Beijing for the second time.<br />
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教育部研究生处回答,招研究生的主权在学校,如果学校一定不肯录取,教育 部也无能为カ。钱宗仁无法在京久留,一天两元钱的住宿费使他几乎囊空如洗。 他向热心的记者老林辞行,没想到老林告诉他ー个消息,使他大有“柳暗花明又一 村”之感一陕西省高教局已打电话给哈工大,西大不录取钱宗仁,哈工大表示可 以考虑。<br />
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The graduate student department of the Ministry of Education replied that the sovereignty of recruiting graduate students rested with the school, and if the school definitely refused to accept the student, the Ministry could not do anything about it. Qian Zongren could not stay in Beijing for a long time, because the accommodation fee of two yuan a day made him almost have no money left. He said goodbye to the enthusiastic reporter Lin, who told him a news that made him have a sense of "there is always light at the end of the tunnel" - the Higher Education Bureau of Shaanxi Province had called Harbin Institute of Technology. When the Northwest University did not admit Qian Zongren, Harbin Institute of Technology said they could consider it.<br />
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钱宗仁在北京耐心地等待了几天,哈工大研究生办公室的回音来了:我校已尽 最大的力量,但我们是工科,钱宗仁同志报的是理科,很难找到适合他的指导教师。<br />
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Qian Zongren waited patiently in Beijing for a few days, and the reply from the Graduate Affairs Office of Harbin Institute of Technology came: Our university has done its best, but we are a technological university, and Comrade Qian Zongren applied for a university of science, so it is difficult to find a suitable tutor for him.<br />
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多少次燃起希望,又有多少次希望的破灭,钱宗仁的心沉下去了。仅仅因为超 过两岁,他奔波行程几万里,历时近百天,破费数百元,倘若能有条件利用这段时间 学习,恐怕也越过了一年研究生课程。<br />
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How many times had hopes been raised, and how many times had hopes been dashed. Qian Zongren's heart sank. Just because he was two years older, he traveled tens of thousands of miles, lasting nearly a hundred days and spending hundreds of dollars. If he was able to use this time to study, he might have passed the one-year graduate courses.<br />
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人们为钱宗仁惋惜的同时,也发出了这样的慨叹:人的价值在人的本身,两岁, 这在人生的长河中算得了什么?我们的ー些部门却把这微不足道的外在因素看得 <br />
那么郑重,神圣不可侵犯,而忽视有オ华的人本身。多少人才因僵死的人事制度被 压抑、被搁置、被埋没,这种束缚人的制度难道不应改革吗?<br />
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While feeling sorry for Qian Zongren, people also lamented: the value of people lies in the human itself. Two years old. What does that matter in the long river of life? But some of our departments see such insignificant external factors so solemn, sacred, and ignore the talented people themselves. How many talents have been suppressed, shelved and buried because of the rigid personnel system. Shouldn't this system that binds people be reformed?<br />
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“伯乐”,到处都有<br />
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钱宗仁,这棵从石板缝中钻出来的小草,并非只遇到冰冷而圆滑的石头,他也 感受过春风的温暖和爱抚。他遇到了不少“伯乐”,西北大学的刘书琴教授不就是 ー个吗?刘老给教育部写的一封信,一直珍藏在宗仁的身边:“我认为钱宗仁实际 水平很高,各种基础具备,如能使其有一个较好的条件加以深造,定能见效,很有可 能做出成绩。……对这种人才仅因超龄而拒之门外,实为浪费埋没人才,我深感不 安,似与当前所倡精神有违。……我有信心,敢尽有生之年,在其他同志帮助下,悉 心培养之。……我年事已高,难得几回为国家’四化’出力,因此特修书陈请……” 每逢读到这里,钱宗仁心中都会涌出ー股热流。尽管处处有路障,但到底有人理解 他,有人发现和承认了他呀!<br />
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还有那位未曾见过面的北京工业学院基础部的杨维奇教授,在青岛ー次会议 中,遇到张广厚和刘书琴,他为钱宗仁未被录取之事愤愤不平,又深为钱宗仁在逆 境中自强不息的精神感动。他决定破格在1982年招钱宗仁当研究生,并征得教育 部的同意。虽然,由于种种原因此愿未遂,但杨维奇这番心意,钱宗仁领了,至今, 他还与这位素不相识的教授保持通信联系,当他的“校外研究生”。“伯乐”,到处 都有,相识的,素不相识的,那些热情的学者、专家、记者,在关键时刻都向钱宗仁伸 出了声援的手。二十年过去,钱宗仁遇到了不少坎坷,但也得到了不少人的理解, 他没有被畸形的生活所带来的痛苦湮没,反而造就出另一种性格。<br />
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考研究生落榜,钱宗仁再次回到新疆。在阿克苏,钱宗仁又遇到了一个“伯 乐”ーー阿克苏地区宣传部长宣惠良,这真是钱宗仁不幸中的大幸。宣惠良读了钱 宗仁的自述材料后,深为感动。这个青年人对理想的追求那样执着,没有虚假的夸 张和自我炫耀,字里行间跳动着ー颗真诚的心。他亲自到实验林场调查了解钱宗 仁的情况。他听到ー些非议,比如钱宗仁对人冷漠、孤僻,有名利思想,不务正业; 但就是对他有意见的同志也承认他经过百般磨难,坚持自学的毅カ令人佩服。宣 惠良理解钱宗仁,喜欢钱宗仁一他看到了这小伙子的品质和潜在的能力。他走 进了这个小伙子的住处 个破烂的小屋。钱宗仁上下打量了来客,个头不高, 戴着黑边眼镜,风度潇洒,没想到这位素不相识的宣传部长竟成了他今后生活道路 上的良师益友。<br />
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宣惠良是ー个值得大书特书的人,自!982年5月初识钱宗仁,半年中帮助他 办了三件事。第一步是工人转干部。宣惠良打算把钱宗仁调到阿克苏地区的中学 教书,这里图书资料、学习条件都比林场强。先联系二中,二中推托他有湖南口音, 不宜教学而未接收;又联系四中,四中说必须把钱宗仁由工人转干部才能算作正式 教师。宣惠良跑了文教处、农林处都还顺利,到了地区人事处卡了壳,一个干事说, エ转干要9月份统ー审批,还要等ー个月。<br />
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谁知在此期间,钱宗仁收到北京工业学院杨维奇教授的来电,让他速寄档案, 北エ院要破格录取他为1982年的数学系研究生。机不可失。偏巧钱宗仁的档案 又找不到了。1980年新疆石油管理局南疆石油指挥部刚刚上马,需要师资和翻译 人才,欢迎钱宗仁去,因此钱宗仁的档案寄到了石油部门,谁知到第二年此单位属 于关停并转企业,又不需要人了,钱宗仁的档案就这样遗失了。<br />
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北京工业学院二次来电催促,宣惠良的心情和钱宗仁一样焦急。他跑到人事 部门去游说,讲述钱宗仁的遭遇,希望得到他们的同情,补办ー份档案材料,请他们 提前批准钱宗仁エ转干,然后将工转干的一套手续作为他的新档案寄发北京エ业 学院。然而那些干事竟毫不动心,拒绝了老宣的请求。<br />
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宣传部长不掌人事权、财权,却有着正义感。尽管处处碰壁,他仍要成全钱宗 仁。宣惠良只好超越他的职权范围（这不大合乎中国办事情的手续）,将钱宗仁的 转干报表、自传、鉴定ーー复制,盖上宣传部的大印,寄到北京去了。<br />
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但毕竟晚了一步,延误了时机,使钱宗仁到北京工业学院当研究生一事又告 吹。宣惠良很伤感,对某些机构的衙门作风以及对人オ的难以容忍的冷漠感到义 愤,同时为钱宗仁这样的人才被埋没而痛惜。多少良机,钱宗仁ーー丧失了。他对 宣惠良说:“我已被逼上梁山,义无反顾,不管成败如何,我要背水ー战,不管采取什 么方式,要继续深造,决不容许自己退下来。”那心境很有些悲壮。<br />
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一波未平,一波又起。《光明日报》驻新疆记者站的同志给钱宗仁来了一封 信,告诉他自治区常委富文同志对钱宗仁的使用有一个批件,大意是应就近调塔里 木农垦大学试用后任教。这自然使钱宗仁心中浮起了新的希望,他找到阿克苏地 区组织部,这份批件竟被压在抽屉里两个月无人过问。组织部的回答是:我们管区 以上的干部,包括教授、讲师及工程师;像你这样的人不归我们管,即使归我们管, 塔里木农大是农牧渔业部和建设兵团合办的学校,我们也管不着。于是,这份批件 从组织部转到了文教处,文教处又将此件压下无人过问。宣惠良出面追问,从ー堆 杂乱的文件中找出批件后,再次做说客,带着批件,乘车赶到距阿克苏100多公里 的阿拉尔,找到塔里木农大的领导,又跑到实验林场和地区人事处,苦口婆心,终于<br />
使钱宗仁在1983年初来到塔里木农垦大学报到。<br />
<br />
钱宗仁感叹地说:“中国,要是多一些宣部长这样的干部就好了。”是啊,如果 我们的人事部门的干部,都能像宣惠良一样常给自己的心加加温,中国的事情将会 好办得多。<br />
<br />
钱宗仁到塔里木农垦大学任教,终于结束了二十年的坎坷生涯,但愿他在今后 的生活中不再扮演悲剧的角色,但愿他能成功。但愿!<br />
<br />
“过去的都已过去了。我今后二十年能为人民做些事,得到人们的理解,我的 心就得以满足,它将证明我前二十年的努力没有白费。我想通过自己的努力得到 社会的承认,使ー些刚开始发奋自学又遇到挫折的青年产生信心,也让那些曾打击 和阻拦我前进的人看看,小草要破土而出,任什么人也压不下去。我对生活充满着 信心,相信命运是可以抗争的。奇迹多是在厄运中出现的。最后,我希望我们现行 的政策稳定,哪怕是半个世纪也好。”<br />
<br />
我相信,钱宗仁讲述这一切时,他的心是淌着泪的。一定。<br />
<br />
人生,这就是人生。这里,有辛酸,有劳苦,也有人的创造和热カ,有污浊,更多 的却是人的光彩;这里有痛苦,也有克制、忍耐,更多的是自我牺牲中所获得的创造 的快乐。<br />
<br />
钱宗仁身上印着过去的痕迹,也埋藏着未来的种子,他脸上的表情,他的姿态, 都表现出思想、热情和生命的波动,你甚至能听见他汹涌的内心的呼声。他的经 历,他的性格,他的人品,他的精神,都使我想起塔里木河畔的胡杨,那会流泪的树。<br />
<br />
钱宗仁就是ー棵扎根在阿拉尔的胡杨,ー个曾被忽略的倔强的灵魂。在沙漠 旱风的席卷和盐碱的吞噬中,那被压抑、被扭曲的生命终究要伸直它的躯十。他不 抱怨,不灰心,因为,他知道以往个人的悲剧,也是整个社会的不幸。生活前进了, 他正和人民和国家一道共享春天的温馨。<br />
<br />
哦,胡杨树,壮美的树!<br />
<br />
哦,胡杨泪,悲壮的泪!<br />
<br />
（原载《文汇月刊＞1984年第4期）<br />
<br />
原野在呼唤<br />
<br />
王兆军<br />
<br />
历史和现实撞击出电火,原野上滚过这样的雷声:<br />
“请放下古城前那高高的吊桥……”<br />
<br />
历史,曾经显示过这样的画面——<br />
<br />
萧瑟秋风里,荒野古道上,起义军的马蹄正扬起漫天的灰尘。可以看得见,在 那沙风土雾中,每一面大旗上都写着“分田地,均贫富”!揭竿而起的农民为了得 到土地,正纵横沙场,逐鹿中原,多少将士,在凄迷冷寂的荒原上留下了血肉模糊的 尸体和征袍!天阴雨湿,似有无数的幽灵仍然不肯离去,腥风中低吟着热恋土地的 挽歌 <br />
<br />
近代。中国乡村,黑夜如磐。<br />
<br />
一位偿还不起高利贷的农民,在要么坐牢、鬻女,要么变卖那仅有的ー小片田 地的严酷事实面前,在地契上痛苦地留下殷红的指印。当天,也许是第二天拂晓, 他便领着全家上路了。那片拴着心的小小的土地,昨天还是属于他的,而今天…… 他跪倒在它的上面,匍匐身躯,拨开厚厚的积雪,一双青筋暴突的大手拼命地扒呀, 扒呀,终于扒出ー块泥土。他把这泥土揣进怀里。最后,望了一眼那片依依难舍的 土地,含着满目泪水,踏上了背井离乡的风雪小道……<br />
<br />
这,就是中国人对于土地的深挚的感情;这,就是我们祖祖辈辈将所有的汗水、 所有的智慧、所有的希望,都倾注其中的那片热土,那片原野啊！只有在生命和土 地之间择其ー时,他们オ可能舍弃后者;有的,甚至宁肯以身殉地！于是,长久的炽 热的情感形成了牢不可破的传统一土地被神化了。五行,土为中;诸侯三宝,地为 上。在茫茫中国,几乎每一个村庄都有社庙,即土地庙。人们用自己的感情塑造了这 么ー个神灵,让它统治着乡村的一切。敬畏、膜拜,祭以牺牲,祀以香火,不敢有些微 的逆忤。立春（秋）以后的第五个戊日,无论是耕耘之前的祈祷还是收获之后的庆贺, 都在那个小小的土地庙前进行。ー碗碗绿豆黄豆,ー盘盘小麦蜀黍,ー盅盅新米佳 酿,陈年的柿饼和新摘的枣子,附以面条、鸡蛋,纸钱与香烛,全献给社神了。人们 希望在那欢乐的氤氤中,让社神用绳索将他们牢牢地拴在土地上,永远也不离开。<br />
<br />
今天,这是在什么地方?<br />
<br />
タ阳西下,火红的晚霞正在变成深紫色。出脱了货物的汉子们点完了一沓沓 钞票,喜上眉梢。他们弄来烧酒和啤酒、红肠、烧鸡、花生米,便在农贸市场的台面 上坐了,兴高采烈地品赏起城市的黄昏来,没有一点忧郁和哀愁,背井离乡似乎成 为ー种享受。他们好像已经成为这里的主人了!<br />
<br />
看,经过训练的几百名乡村姑娘,从大客车上下来了。大的20来岁,小的只有 十六七岁。她们衣着鲜艳,不无时髦。她们是来大城市当保姆的。眼前,ー幢幢大 楼,ー排排树木,车水马龙的大街和琳琅满目的商场,正吸引着她们好奇的目光。 乡村狭小而又广漠的世界,已经容不下她们的心和她们的憧憬。她们从原野上走 出来,高高兴兴地走出来,那么心甘,那么欢畅……奇怪吗?奇怪!即使是对于社 会变化比较淡漠的人也会有疑问:农民对于土地的感情哪里去了?他们为什么舍 得离开那温暖的赖以生存的家园,离开那金黄的稻田和绿油油的菜畦?这种变化 是怎样发生的,并将对中国社会有哪些启示和影响?在回答我的问题时,请不要囿 于某些落套的文章、夸张的报道和枯涩的理论吧,在新的变化面前,朋友,你一定要 丢弃往昔的经验,因为潮流已经涌到眼前,几乎每ー个人都分明地感觉到了它那严 肃的冲击。历史与现实的电火撞击着,在大地上滚过阵阵惊雷。原野在如此殷勤 地呼唤我们:“放下古城门前那高高的吊桥,认识我们这里的流水、芳草,这里的阳 光大道!”<br />
<br />
人们吃饱了,但并不满足。列车震破了桃源旧梦。<br />
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他们来不及拍打裤脚上的尘土,便从原野上出发,<br />
走向另ー个世界<br />
<br />
应着那旷野的呼唤,我来到了河南。<br />
<br />
这是一片多么古老、多么辽阔、多么肥沃的土地啊！厚厚的黄土,埋藏着一部 中华民族的历史;滔滔的黄河,诉说着这历史的源远流长。千百万年过去了,但历 史的字典里依然写着“以农为本” “缺衣少食”这样荒唐的成语,在我们这片稼穡为 上的土地上,却依然没有消除愚昧和饥饿,就像龙门的石佛依然板着那千古不变的 似笑非笑的面孔ー样。<br />
<br />
直到今天,党的十一届三中全会以后,安徽和四川的暖风吹到了中州,河南オ 开始苏醒。可是责任制刚刚实行,便有人担心分田会重受二遍苦。于是,黄河、伊 洛河在东张西望中度过了 !979年。然而,一年以后的事实证明,河南人民不仅没 有重受二茬罪,反而迅速解决了吃饭问题。对于一个人口数量占全国第二位的省 份来说,一年解决了上千年没有解决的问题,这难道不是一个奇迹吗?<br />
<br />
从南阳、洛阳、濮阳,到虞城、项城、商城,到处都可以看到:黄土古道上是售棉 卖粮的大车小车,庄稼人面上的菜色正在消逝,荒原获得了绿色的生命,每一寸田 园都找到了知冷知热的爹娘,红薯正在变为饲料,白瓷碗里盛上了热气腾腾的 面条。<br />
<br />
无数的报道早已将这些事实变为匆匆层叠更替的历史,而我所要追寻的是:解 决了温饱问题的人们将怎样开拓新的生活。他们吸着古老的烟袋蹲在墙根晒太阳 了吗?他们守着古训“不知有汉、何论魏晋” 了吗?我担心,因为我们这个民族是 容易满足的。<br />
<br />
陇海线上东来西去的列车,昼夜不息地从中原驰过。多少年来,人们只知道那 里有黑色的铁轨,看见过列车喷出的团团白气,至于铁道和他们的生活有什么关 系,却很少想过,他们坚信自己永远是靠土地生活的,土地能提供他们所需要的 一切。<br />
<br />
但是,今天的列车却唤醒了这里的村庄,这里的阡陌和这里的人们。<br />
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祭城乡白庄村的干部们坐在田垄上,心事重重地望着风驰电掣的列车从他们 的土地上经过。高亢的汽笛声震不开他们紧锁的眉心,喷吐的白雾在他们心头立 刻变为可怕的黑云。铁路复线工程占去了他们的100多亩好地,这对于ー个只有 400多亩土地的小村庄,该是多么大的损失啊!原先每人占地6分4厘,现在倒过 来成为4分6厘了。他们掰着指头算着:即使亩产2000斤粮食（这是很不容易 的）,每人也占不到1000斤。按产值计,不过百把块钱,扣除生产成本,只剩几十块 钱了。这就是说:辛辛苦苦在田里折腾一年,弄得好也只不过是吃饱肚皮而已。<br />
<br />
列车吞去了他们的土地,天地变得如此狭小,像飞鸟发现自己在ー个笼子里一 样,他们感到了某种恐慌。望着列车,他们忽然在冥思苦索中微妙地感到,这个社 会在发生变化,ー股强大的潮流正像列车这样冲击到他们的村边来了。啊,铁道为 什么要改为复线?运东西,越来越多的东西,煤、机器、生猪、水泥、蔬菜……可是列 车上有我们的东西吗?没有,既没有卖出的,也没有买进的。他们感到自己被潮流 抛弃得很远很远。为什么咱就不能加入这个潮流呢?我们也有手,难道不能生产 出什么东西,加入那个潮流并且从中得到新的利益,从而不再像祖辈先人那样困守 一隅地生活吗?列车没有白占去土地,它给乡村的人们以新的启示,在新的奥秘被<br />
<br />
发现之后,他们欣喜得不能自已。<br />
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“对,不能老憋在这几分地上!”支部书记白西川说,“咱们也得想办法挣钱。” 副书记白玉河、白明顺也一股劲地说:“得另找门道,不然,这日子越过越涩。” 对于几千年来以土地为生的中国农民来说,这种离开土地寻找更宽阔的道路, 积极加入现代社会的潮流的要求,不能不说是自然而又伟大的觉醒。<br />
<br />
开始,他们失败了,他们光想到赚钱,先加工生产履带轴销,但是卖不了多少, 后来搞电焊气焊,活也不多。有人说做糕点利大,他们就改做月饼、糖块,还种过银 耳、蘑菇。忙活了一年,算ー算,没赚到什么钱。<br />
<br />
失败提供了教训。白西川和干部、社员们意识到做生意赚钱和种地不是一回 事,商业有商业的门道,要看清这个行当,不能老用农民的眼光。社员们提醒他,这 些年来,唯有豆腐坊生意旺盛,本地大豆多,豆腐也销得快,豆渣可以扩大饲养业, 饲养业可以提供更多的肥料,粮食产量也能上去。<br />
<br />
他们决定发展豆制品生产,特别是向干菜方面努力,多做腐竹。<br />
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开始做腐竹,完全是土办法。22 口小铁锅,豆浆锅坐在开水锅里,温度达不 到,做出的腐竹黑乎乎的,价格上不去。白西川感到这样不行,得想办法改进,首先 要向别人学习。<br />
<br />
白西川带着几个人,到エ艺先进的桂林腐竹厂学习。好事多磨,到了那里,好 话说了几夢筐,人家就是不让看。白西川急得吃不下饭,睡不好觉。美丽的山水对 他们一行没有半点吸引力,白西川恨不得白给人家当两个月短工,只要让他学习。 人家说这是卫生条例的原因,白西川恨不得拿酒精给全身消消毒,换ー身新煮烫的 衣服,只要叫参观ー下就行。他们在冷遇中渐渐感觉到ー种商业社会的气味。这 种竞争的气息强烈地刺激着白西川那传统农民的朴实憨厚的心。社会已经变化得 这么快了,难怪乡村总是那么落后。他决心要赶上这个潮流,加入这个潮流,并且 一定要走到前面去。他们求助于党组织和当地政府,好说歹说,终于获得了“粗看 一遍”的允诺。那真是粗看一遍啊,按人家指定的路线走,关键地方不让看,问ー些 技术上的问题,人家又不愿解答。他们贪婪地看着。可惜时间给得太少,只粗略地 记得锅炉、磨汁、造浆、蒸盘和烘房等几处主要设施和大概的工作情形。<br />
<br />
回到家,凭几个人的印象,便开始建造腐竹厂。买设备、建厂房,依靠本村人的 努力,只用了两个月时间,腐竹厂就建成了。4月10日试验,居然一次成功。当第 ー批腐竹做出来,白西川感慨万千。他为这种快速的成功而高兴。时代的压カ,逼 得人们变得勇敢而又精明。他想起在桂林受到的冷遇,想到全村人付出的艰苦的 劳动,感到追赶这个时代是多么不容易啊!<br />
<br />
这个不愁原料、不愁生产、销路也好的腐竹厂建成以后,很快使白庄的劳动结 构发生了巨大变化。大量的豆渣,促使他们办ー个相当规模的养殖场。养殖场的 粪肥要运到田里,必须扩大机械队伍。牛奶和生猪要有专人销售。腐竹厂连续生 产,各种エ序需要许多劳カ参加。豆腐坊和调料厂也在扩大。新生活要求新的住 房,必须扩大建筑队伍……这些劳动,占去了全村94. 4%的劳カ,只有5. 6%的劳 カ从事农业劳动了。这就逼得他们拿出最懂农业技术的人去承包土地,并且大力 加快农业机械化进度。那种以为责任制以后无法使用机械的担忧已经被事实击 败。白庄的商品经济发展,已经使绝大多数人离开了土地,变为工人了。1983年, 他们的日工值已经达到4元,而这个村的社员用水、用电、住房、蔬菜、教育和医疗 也全由大队包下来了。<br />
<br />
农民学会许多原先不懂的东西。无论エ副业还是农业,白庄都实行了严格的 承包责任制。合同就是法律,谁违背合同就按章处罚,处罚的办法之一是不让劳 动 这是最重的惩罚〇<br />
<br />
白西川说:“按以前的老办法不行了,我们找到了一个新办法,叫作不打自 叫唤。”<br />
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当欲望自然地被尊重时,历史前进了。<br />
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人们从土地上走出来了,并迅速学会了原来不懂的东西<br />
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这是ー个多么炎热的夏天,从虎牢关到邙岭这片丘陵地已经好多天没下雨了。<br />
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巩义贺尧大队支部书记牛新安从来没有这样焦躁不安。他在为大队综合厂的 问题发愁。农业包下去,生机勃勃,不用操多少心了。可是这个小厂却越办越赖, 几乎到了不可收拾的地步。支部决定搞承包投标,可是意见分歧很大,有人投标很 高,有人投标较低,有人反对投标。在纷杂的争论中,他注意到一位青年人的意见, 这个人叫李自忠。他尖锐地指出那些高标的盲目性,并且批评了某些人妄图用拼 设备的办法获取利润,塞满腰包,然后扔掉エ厂的做法。青年人的敏锐和忠诚强烈 地震动了牛新安。无疑,李自忠是为全村利益长远打算的。<br />
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但是,这个青年所要求的条件是多么难以应允啊!他要厂长责任制,要招聘エ 人和解雇工人的权カ,要升降工人工资的权カ,要奖惩的权カ,要增添和更换设备 的权カ,要购销权カ……一句话,这个厂交给他,他就要全部说了算。<br />
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当过教师、当过队长、当过县接待室的接待员、当过酒厂厂长的李自忠,无疑是 ー个能干的有头脑的人物。但是,不让大队插手,他自己独揽大权,这能行吗?能<br />
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给他这种“便宜行事”的杏黄旗吗?<br />
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牛新安陷入难以排遣的烦闷之中。他近来出去看了一些地方,深深感到自己 这一代人快要落伍了。ー没文化,什么都弄不懂;ニ是农业搞惯了,思想牢牢拴在 土地上,小麦上,红薯上,经商盈利就没本事了;三来许多人从内心就对这种商业经 济有看法;再就,精力也不行了。无论如何要起用青年人,能干的青年就在眼前,为 什么不用?他要权,就给他权,订个合同,让他干!<br />
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就这样,李自忠接手了这个破烂不堪的小厂一陈旧的机器;工人懒懒散散; 欠外债36万元,40多家债主轮番索债。李自忠不慌不忙,凭三寸不烂之舌,反复说 明困难,真不行就先给人家5块钱搪塞搪塞,或者去菜园里摘几个西红柿招待一下 愠怒的债主。然后,他运用权カ,先把几个上班看电视、放风筝,又经常拿钢管换酒 喝换烟抽的干部子女辞掉,又招聘了几位熟练的技工,重订了厂规厂法,然后开始 制造砖机。<br />
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他已经对此深思熟虑过了:农民生活正在飞速改善,建房是农民的第一大事, 砖瓦都是紧俏货,砖机自然就是畅销品。当他把工作安排就绪以后,向大队提出: “我要拿!000块钱做广告。”<br />
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他的这ー举动使许多人莫明其妙,花!000块钱在报纸上登那么几行字,ー张 图画,这不是疯了吗?牛新安却应允了,他说:“自忠,你只管按你的计谋办,赔了大 队兜着!”<br />
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广告发出去了。李自忠摇着扇子,悠悠然等待喜事降临。其实他心里并不安 静,他想试用一下现代社会的新手段,他知道社会已经前进了,凭老一代那种老鹅 下蛋不叫唤的办法是不行了,既然要参加到这个社会中去,便要使用一切允许使用 的新武器。他干得对。不久本省来了十几封信,定购这个厂的砖机。<br />
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实际上,这时的厂子还没有那么充足的生产能力。这么ー来,弄得大家手忙脚 乱。李自忠仍然“无忧无虑”地看报纸、听广播、喝茶、抽烟,但是,只有夜空的繁星 知道,李自忠半夜里还常常冥思苦索,翻来覆去不能入睡。不几天,他想出了新招。 他把一些本厂难以加工的部件委托国营大厂代做。当时这些大厂都在调整,工人 没活干。他们和洛阳拖拉机厂铸造分厂、三门峡仪表机械厂、洛阳407厂订了合 同,大部件镂孔、大齿轮加工都由他们包了,双方都很高兴。<br />
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第一批生意就这样成交了。<br />
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小厂有了大本钱。工人的劲头也上来了。<br />
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本省的生意还没有到头,李自忠又给《安徽日报》发了信,请教能不能推销些 砖机,《安徽日报》很快刊登了他们的信。贺尧大队砖机厂一下子收到80多封订货 信。有些人要来厂取货,被李自忠挡了驾。李自忠明白:如果来了人,看见他们的 工厂这么小,会淡了兴趣的。于是,他在滁州、芜湖、安庆、阜阳、合肥等5处设了推 销点,把货送到安徽去。这样,他们1月份收入1〇万元,2月份收入20万元,3月 份收入30万元,4月份收入40万元。有了这100万元的资金,他们扩建厂房,更新 配套设备,增聘技工,自己生产所有的零部件,腰杆子壮起来了。一直到9月份,他 们的砖机都是脱销的,有的采购员来厂,把零部件都号上,不让别人动。<br />
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“现代社会的特点是新东西层出不穷,但很快就被别人学会了。”李自忠已经 明白这一点了。他们发广告,别人也发广告。李自忠就亲自把样机弄到展销会和 推销点上去现场操作给人家看;别人也会这样做了,他们又实行包安装、包维修、定 期征求用户意见的方法,深得用户好评,用户还替他们宣传。别人又学会了这ー 套,他们就另换ー个地方。当许多砖机厂去安徽时,贺尧大队的推销员又去山东 了。1982年在山东只花了 900元广告费,就卖出去砖机200多台,收入130多万 元。别处也四下里推销,他们就在降低价格、提高质量上下功夫,对手老是竞争不 过他们。李自忠每天都在绞尽脑汁思索着战略战术。他明白,只要在一个环节上 失败了,生意就会垮下来。<br />
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“商业不等于骗人,现在做买卖,要实在。”李自忠把新的生意经背得烂熟,“用 户是王,质量是命,时间是钱。”<br />
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一次,辽宁来了一个跛子。他在巩义转了好几个砖机厂,最后来到贺尧大队。 李自忠知道这是ー个精明的人,便对他说:“巩县的砖机有好有坏,我们的也不是十 全十美。你仔细看看,不买也不要紧,提点意见也是宝贵的。”<br />
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那人反复看了,还是不买。李自忠留他吃饭,他不吃。走时,李自忠见他走路 不方便,就派车把他送到火车站,帮他买了车票。跛子临上车前忽然退了票,拿出 ー张ー万一千多元的支票,毅然买了 280型砖机和搅拌机各一台。<br />
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送走跛子,李自忠说:“现在的生意,要开诚布公,哄哥哥骗姐姐,那是小家子 气。急功近利,见了人就想掏人家的钱包,常常办不成事。同时也要注意看人,像 这样精明的人只有以诚相待,他才信人信机器。”李自忠没有说他是怎样研究人的 心理的,他知道,现代的企业家不能像某些老农那样ーー总想以狡黠取胜反而常常 因浅薄吃亏。<br />
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1982年,这个大队小厂总产值达420万元,刚接手的那一年这个厂的产值12 万元,3年增长35倍。<br />
探索就是一种冒险,但冒险此平庸伟大一万倍。<br />
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人们离开了土地,走向工业,并且迅速学会了工业管理<br />
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丰田小汽车在乡间那满是尘土的小道上飞驰,扬起一股尘烟。<br />
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常建国,禹县方山铝矶土矿矿长,参加代表团,踏上了去联邦德国参观访问、洽 谈生意的旅途。<br />
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他望着车窗外的原野,心潮起伏不平。<br />
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一切都是从这里出发的。生命从这里出发,上学从这里出发,挖野菜从这里出 发,下坡种庄稼从这里出发,这里是根。10年前当他意识到单靠这荒山薄地无法 过好日子时,便毅然决然地带着17个人,来到这人烟稀少的秃岭上。没有树,谈不 上木材;没有土,想种ー棵草都不可能;只有石头,而且是既不能砌房又不能烧石灰 的乱石片。但是,常建国坚信大自然赏赐给他们的山野必定是能够挖掘出有用的 东西的。他去巩义看过,那里的铝矶土就很像这里的土石。他和他的伙伴们挖啊, 掏啊,无论是夹着雪花的北风还是掺着霰粒的细雨,也无论是烈日酷暑还是深秋严 霜,都没能使他们退却。他们为了甩掉贫穷这个魔鬼,像疯魔ー样奋斗着。终于, 他们找到了希望找到的东西,盘了一个窑,烧出第一窑铝矶土。但是,能不能卖出 去还是问题呢!他忽然想到这真有点冒险,如果找不到销路,或者这货根本就不合 格,18个人的辛劳不就付诸东流了吗?<br />
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车过三岔路口,前面就是方山。常建国拉开窗玻璃,把头探出窗外。他贪婪地 看着这座家乡的山。方山,名不虚传,它不同于任何一座别处的山,没有连绵嵯峨 的雄姿,没有幽秀的回峰迭峦,没有黄山那样的松和云,也没有峨眉那样的泉和寺, 它只是突兀在这原野上的一座孤立的山,没有圆滑的舒缓的线条,四条棱支在大地 上,像一座削去了顶部的金字塔。这是多么具有个性的山啊!那时,他就想:人也 是这样,要具有自己的名字,要走出自己的路,就要有独自的特点。他决心给第一 窑货找到顾主。<br />
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时间多么紧促,贫困的乡亲们多么希望有钱花。他必须尽快地使这些货得到 鉴定。原先,他只想到国内市场,而国内的钢铁生产发展不快,接着又调整,耐火材 料滞销；国外的钢铁业也不景气。但在这暂时的不景气之后肯定还有一个复苏,一 些商人不正在为几年后的发展囤积着铝矶土吗?常建国忽然由此萌生出ー个大胆 的念头:到海关去鉴定,争取出口。<br />
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到现在,常建国也不知道为什么忽然那样异想天开。贫穷中产生的欲望,奋斗 <br />
中萌发的胆量,把ー个农民的心一下子扩展到了整个世界。这个世界如此丰富多 彩,而我们只要有其中的一点点就够了。过去竟然没有想到这个世界,就像祖祖辈 辈没有想到方山上的铝矶土ー样!反过来说,世界上有这么多人,每一点财富都被 许多眼睛注视着,谁先抢到手,谁就是英雄,这里没有施舍,任何守株待兔式的梦想 都不应当存在。<br />
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于是,也是从这里出发,常建国背上了一袋烧制的料样,匆匆向青岛海关而去。 到那里,通过化验鉴定,质量很好,外贸部门答应优先给他们接洽生意,销路是不用 发愁的。常建国一下子高兴得浑身轻了 20斤!这时,他オ注意到那美丽的大海。 多么辽阔的海啊!烟波浩渺,一望无际,水天一色。隅居山乡的人虽然曾经为陆地 的旷远深沉而自豪过,但是当看见大海的时候,就不得不惊叹海的伟大气魄和幽深 的底蕴了。当风浪在他脚下拍打时,他产生了这样ー个念头:这海的那一边,还有 更大的世界,要敢于冒险,跨过海去!<br />
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就这样,18个人的矿,只有2000元资金,却和世界的很远的地方联系在ー起 了。十分艰难,十分艰难啊！不仅是物质生活,思想也总是不得宁静。为了违心地 批判自己的“重商轻农”思想,他必须每年向上级写一大摞检讨书,农忙时,他不得 不“解散”工人去参加麦收,但夜晚,他们还是去守候自己的窑火。疲倦啊,ー躺下 就浑身酸疼,一点也不想爬起来,但是,还要干,还要拼命。人们都在注视着这个比 卖鸡蛋换钱更多的地方。<br />
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从山乡走到海边,又从海边飞向天空,整整用了 1〇年。这离开土地的1〇年 啊！从18个人发展到1800人,从2000资金发展到2000万元资产,人增加了 !00 倍,资产增加了 1万倍。为国家挣得1700万美元外汇。这当然有点像奇迹。但这 奇迹是用胆量、用汗水、用坚韧不拔的精神换来的。常建国说不出有多么感谢他的 伙伴、他的エ友和支持他的父老乡亲。只要这些人说好,就齐了,因为这是目的。 至于别人表扬与否,那无关紧要,那是和另外一些别的利益纠缠在ー起的事情。因 此,当养鸡户进省城当劳模而无人敢表扬方山铝矶土矿时,常建国仍然和他的伙伴 们在那深山沟里默默地开掘着自己的希望、热情和幸福。<br />
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飞机起飞了,从舷窗俯视大地,大地上的一切都是那么井井有条,山岭、河谷、 树林、荒漠、城市、乡村……当就要离开国界时,他的心一下子又缠绕到矿上去了。 他想过:这个矿为什么能发展起来?第一条,或者说唯一的一条是他有自由。他不 需要向这个请示,向那个汇报;工人就是上司,事业就是上司,ー个在身边,ー个在 心中。这多么方便！生活在这个螃蟹篓子ー样的世界里,牵ー发动全身,或投鼠忌 器,或忧谗畏讥,搬动ー张椅子似乎都会乱了天下,这是多么坚固又多么脆弱的网 啊!幸亏,他不在这个网里。“占山为王”,独立自主,不仅没有那么多限制,反而 有那么多自主权:全矿只有5个支部委员,其他几个全都在几个分厂里做エ,别无 什么科室处所,他决定了的,就能变为行动。当他决定要建一个建筑材料厂制造瓷 面砖时,ー个76米长的隧道窑,只用了 42天就完工了,而这在国营企业里,至少也 要8个月!他可以决定招聘技术人员;他可以视劳动和工作情况决定批评、处罚或 开除工人;他可以制定财物上的各种规章,从而把每ー个人牢牢拴在企业上。这叫 作一荣俱荣、ー损俱损。推销员不是经常吃喝吗,那就从推销总数中提出一定比例 的奖金。销多了得钱多,销少了自己不得。差旅费、招待费等,全在里面了。全厂 每ー个人的工资都是浮动的,矿上盈余多,都发财;亏了,都吃亏。这样,监督也就 无形中形成,质量也保证了……<br />
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飞机在蔚蓝的天空航行,实际上空气本身是无色透明的。常建国不知道别人 怎么看他,但自知自己是有一颗善良的心的。当开除那十几个工人时,他的心曾经 那么不平静。他希望每ー个人都能和睦相处,能像天国里那样人人相爱相亲。但 这不是天国啊,所以还是要用人间的办法。你们不好好干,偷懒、捣蛋、盗窃财物, 损害了我的事业,违反了纪律和制度,那只好抱歉了。常建国曾经怀疑过这是不是 有些专制,他认真思考过民主与自由,他不能容忍那种不负责任的行为,那不是民 主,那必然导致涣散与腐化,必然导致无休止的争吵、拖延和难以估计的损失。他 能够以这种方式取得一点成绩,完全因为自己是农民。这个最低的身份恰恰成为 ー种奢侈,ー种特权。常建国坐在飞机上,看着自己和别人差不多的装束,他真想 大声宣告:“我是农民,这是多么珍贵的称号!正因为我一切都没有,所以才有了 一切!”<br />
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第一站是汉堡,第二站是法兰克福……他到处参观,每到ー地都洽谈一到几笔 生意。察言观色,揣摩心理,研究行情,谨慎地制订价格,宴会,灯红酒绿,汽车在奔 驰,笑脸,支票……常建国开始时有点眼花缭乱,但不久就安静了。他赞赏人家的 工作效率和求实精神。ー种无形的力量在冲击他那在狭小天地里形成的容量有限 的心房,他承认看到自己的缺点和弱点了,单凭宣传所得到的东西是多么片面,人 家有人家的长处。他大大方方地向人家学习、求教。<br />
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只是当他重新飞回这块大陆,又重新踏上这片原野时,他的心オ又慌乱起来。 天上的云和地上的尘都曾经留下过的阴影又飘过来了。在听到中央一号文件后, 他曾热烈地庆幸自己的运气,但是,这也毕竟是运气。许多的必然还在使他惴惴不 安。他,他这ー类人,还只能被动地等待什么,而不能主导什么,无论是福还是祸。 他能够将企业办得更大,挣更多的外汇,但怕别人眼红。许多人不承认经营是劳 动,这使他想起喝酒来。为了企业,他必须喝酒,应付官员的“检查指导”,拉生意, 结交同行……都必须喝酒,有时一天要好几场,简直是灾难啊!他嗜酒吗?不,他 最想吃的是ー碗米饭、ー碟青菜或ー小碗汤,不寒麼也不奢侈,吃下去舒舒服服,多 好!可是这酒,不喝能成事吗?坏了胃,哑了嗓子,豁上身体去抵挡八面来风!得, 归于集体;失,留于一己。便纵有千种风情,更与何人说?再者,这样的企业,原料 供应全不在计划,钢铁、水泥、仪表、试剂,哪ー样不求人能到手?逼着人走后门。 积年旧账多了,到头来千人吃肉一人付钱,谁受得了?我得巴结所有的人,要害人 物打个喷嚏都吓得我三天睡不着觉。志气如此远大,收入如此可观,但政治上又如 此脆弱!怕变,怕统,怕眼红,怕记者,只是不怕自身的得与失,常建国觉得这样东 奔西簸,实际上也是在对自己的生命作战。他流泪了。<br />
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他多么想模糊掉那些人为的界限!部办的,省办的,县办的,大队办的,除了钞 票是平等的,其他都等级森严。脱产的,半脱产的,亦エ亦农的,以工代干的,ハ级 エ资,二十五级职务。打破他,过ー关选一将,谁能干好谁就是好汉,怎么样?为 此,他专门聘请了一些国家正式技术人员,他希望把这些门槛踢断,这样简单些。<br />
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他多么想聘请几位理论家,为他,为他们的以及全国的企业辩护:到底什么是 正道,什么是邪道?怎样不走后门而把事情办好?怎样オ算劳动?怎样评价人的 名利与功过 <br />
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他多么想有一部法律,将那些成功的东西肯定下来,将那些不该伸的手拉住, 把那些必须办的事办好……<br />
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他下了飞机,下了火车,又坐着丰田小车回到方山,回到矿上来了。当他又站 在出发的地方时,无边的山原使他激动不已。他望着山岭上那高大的烟囱,望着那 一片厂房和宛若市镇的矿区,听着那里传出的交响乐ー样雄壮而又美妙的各种声 音,心想:我们终于从茧壳里拱出来了。<br />
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是的,农民从土地上走出来,走进这涌动的潮流中来了。觉醒比起床要难得 多,因为我们的梦太古老太醉人了。这是一片多么沉重的土地啊！安阳殷墟,龙门 石窟,首阳山,三吏三别,古战场的千年的征尘……几乎每ー个地名都象征着如海 的血汗,锈蚀的兵器和风化了的尸体。我们的民族是从这样的原野上出发的。我 们在这原野上行走了几千年,缓慢的几千年啊！然而,贫困和愚昧仍然如毒蛇ー样 纠缠着我们。虽然各家各户都点过无数的香烛,希望在缭绕的烟氯中得到富足的 生活,但这都不过是梦。大地仍然死ー样的宁静。乡村里有什么?破败的草寮,沉 重的辘辘,还有那没有色彩的路。在那有着深深辙印和牛蹄坑的路上,ー头瘦骨嶙 峋的老牛拉着ー辆破旧的车,年复一年地行走着,步履缓慢地走着。ー头牛倒下 了,又有一头牛默默地把头伸进辗下,一代接一代,行走着,叹息着,似乎只要我们 甘愿这样永远走下去,谁也不会来欺负我们。<br />
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可是,这个世界是不平衡的。300多年前,当李闯王推翻了明王朝以后,我们 看见的又是ー个清王朝。政治的金字塔尖上坐着帝王,帝王在陈腐得发臭的宫殿 做着闭关锁国唯我独尊的美梦。然而,就在这个年代,英国人的工业革命却建立了 ー个新型的社会,从那以后,财富如同发酵的面团似的膨胀着,商品如潮水ー样涌 向世界。不久,他们作为殖民者,用洋枪洋炮轰开了大清国的大门,他们从地球的 那ー边闯到地球的这ー边来了。即使有800个林则徐,也挡不住“鬼子”的煤油灯 和织布机。<br />
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少数人觉醒了,便革命;但大多数仍在土地上那枯黄的荒草里沉睡,瘦弱的先 觉者被千万条沉重的绳索拴住了脚,オ走半步就跌倒了。我们终于又关起门来,任 凭大洋的潮头怎样拍打我们的门板,我们仍然在疲劳和饥饿之中诵读着这样的经 文:“耕读为上,商贾次之,工技又次之”“务农桑,五十本葱,ー畦韭,家二母彘,五 鸡”“栋宇、器械、脂烛,莫非种植之物,闭门而为生之具以足,但恨家中无盐井尔!” 当!〇亿人都在照这本经书去行动时,草地毁了,山林被砍掉,没有鱼也没有肉,尽 管每ー个空货架上都挂了语录,但语录仍不能解决吃饭问题。几年前,我们终于又 一次觉醒了。一旦开始尊重规律,也便有了路。<br />
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路是从那原野上踏出来的,第一个脚印还留着惶乱的迹象,但阡陌很快就形成 了。一条条小路,没有头也没有尾,连贯着,交错着,在原野上形成一张崭新的网〇 人们在这小路上运出了他们的商品,并把路伸向集镇,伸向城市,伸向国际市场。 曾经沧海难为水,已经见过新天地的人再也不愿困守穷庐了,他们已经不满足于碗 里面条和御寒的棉衣,一切都在变化着。我们的父老兄弟没有丢弃土地,他们只是 不满足于温饱,不满足于自然经济了。这个变化可以从被冷落的社神那里看得清 清楚楚:那三个曾被奉若神明的土地庙还有人理睬吗?无论是寂冷的夜晚还是喧 闹的白天,它都孤独地蹲在那里。荒草一直长到它的头顶上。再没有人向社神愚 蠢地献礼。社神在人们的心目中是的的确确被冷落、被渐渐地遗忘了。<br />
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原野以从未有过的兴奋向人们呼唤:走下去,从任何一点都可以走向全世界!<br />
当我们看见旷野的小路时,<br />
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不要忘记行路者双脚上的烂泥 认识这ー点,<br />
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也许此记得前文的叙述更有意义<br />
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世界是美的。<br />
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这美是谁装点的?<br />
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上帝给天空铺上彩云,太阳借给月轮以光辉,大地生育了高山、流水、带露的草 树和镶金嵌玉的田野,孩子们用亮晶的眼睛,姑娘们用鲜艳的衣裙和甜美的笑声, 艺术家则用灵感去装点人们的心灵……<br />
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襄城县养花专业户杨吉祥,用鲜花装点着世界。<br />
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这是ー个富有色彩、流淌着诗意的事业。然而这个事业的主人却奉献出了过 多的汗水和膏血。<br />
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他们曾经是穷困潦倒的乡下人。一家9 ロ,靠拉架子车运石头维持生活,偏偏 户主杨吉祥被汽车撞伤了 ,胳膊断了,石膏又没打好,落了残疾,难得温饱。小女儿 死了;儿子志刚オ14岁,又走上了父亲的道路,可是小驴又被人家偷走了。于是母 亲又接替了儿子。拉呀,拉呀,他们顽强地求生。<br />
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也许生活太枯燥,太单调,太苍白了,杨吉祥忽然爱起花来。第一次,他从别人 家端来ー盆月季,那种金背大红月季啊,像火ー样,辉煌、灿烂,给人以热烈的召唤 和充分的美感。杨吉祥痴迷了。后来又弄到ー棵金橘,一年四季,碧绿油油的,给 这枯涩的家庭生活以鲜亮的生机。<br />
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后来,几位朋友建议他养花。盛三、张殿臣送来ー些,王建廷、侯木也送来ー 些,他们同情这个经济拮据的家庭,希望少看见他们一家人脸上的愁容。杨吉祥动 心了。受伤的手臂不能干重活,不妨种些花,一来好看,也能换些零钱花。<br />
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艺术之门是地狱之门。杨吉祥一旦迷上了养花,就像着了魔ー样。省下每ー 分勉强可以省下来的钱,去购买花木。为此,孩子们常年吃不上肉,穿不上新衣,上 不起学。杨吉祥却只管买各种养花专业书籍看。当他们刚刚有了几个钱时,夫妻 俩又决定出外求师学艺。<br />
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他们去了柳州,老花エ丁文琪教他们怎样加工石头,怎样配置木架,怎样不断 陶冶心灵,加深艺术造诣,做到美自心中出并寄于花木,并教他们怎样处理盆景的 粗细、内外、远近、幽显。为了开阔眼界,他们想方设法挤进了广州交易会。那里的 树桩盆景,深深地吸引了他们。榕树的、地柏的、罗汉松的、黄杨的和福建茶的,千 姿百态,引人入胜。后来又去福州,在西湖公园求教于老花工郑辛勤,技艺越发长 进了。回来的路上,他俩盯着窗外,从黎明看到黄昏。他们仔仔细细地看着每ー处 风景,品评着那意境、那特点、那味道。幽远的山,黛色的树林,大树的古老枯拙,新 竹的摇绿滴翠,每一座峰峦,每ー个岩洞,山村的竹篱和城镇的小楼,河里的帆船和 山壑的流泉,拱桥、绿地、陵墓,他们被大自然的美陶冶了,丰富了。<br />
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他们付出了辛勤的劳动,为了那些花。无论多么热的夏天,浇一两盆花总不过 是消遣;但是浇2000盆花,就得流下半瓢汗。如果是嫁接2000棵花,就能把一家 人累个半死!但是他们却毫不吝惜地付出了这些劳动。他们渐渐地积累了许多知 识,明白了月季在南方为什么开花那么小,牡丹在南方为什么不肯活,崎虫和介壳 虫怎么治,米兰为什么发黄,变叶木怎么培植……<br />
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他们有了一点小名气。<br />
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省委书记刘杰在接见他时说:“你的蜡梅盆景少,这种盆景别有韵致,若是出 ロ ,能换一大批外汇。”刘杰交代他任务:努力培植蜡梅盆景。<br />
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到哪里找梅根呢?左寻右访,终于打听到秦岭上有许多老梅树,父子俩便背了 20条麻袋,带着小锯、铁镐和小刀上路了。<br />
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那真是名不虚传的“难于上青天”的蜀道。他们上山时ー步步爬,下山时ー节 节蹭。在壁立的山崖上刨梅树,ー不小心就会跌下去摔死。但是,正因为险奇,这 里オ保存着古老的梅树,保留着美,平淡无奇的地方都被庸俗占去了。他们的唯一 乐趣就是这漫山遍野的蜡梅花,在高高的山上,在这冷浸浸的风里,香得那么峻奇 高雅,颜色那么峭拔不俗,深沉大方,<br />
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追求什么,便以什么为乐趣。<br />
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终于,他们的花圃建立起来了。多么美的盛景啊!春天,榆叶梅开着红花,含 笑开着白花,瓜叶菊的花蓝得迷人,粉红的绛桃和大红的碧桃争奇斗艳。红腾腾的 杜鹃,金黄的迎春、探春和金钟花都开了。它们在召唤春天,装点春天。高贵的牡 丹和美丽的芍药开过以后夏天到来了,四季桂、米兰、夏鹃、竹叶海棠像天仙妃子ー 样各逞风流。ー茬未败,另ー茬又开了。八月桂花,九月菊花、扶桑开得那么俊秀, 银绣球像雍容的贵夫人。即使是冬天,这里的花也五彩缤纷:蜡梅不消说了,仙客 来粉面含丹,蟹爪兰挂红披彩,绒墩墩的大岩桐,娇嫩的水仙。特别是那君子兰,丛 生的条形厚叶中间,盛开的花串好似ー团火,热情、大方、端庄、宁静,多像一位高洁 的君子!<br />
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为了这些花,除了省吃俭用之外,他们还借债4000多元。<br />
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美换来了赞叹,换来了钦佩,也招来了丑。<br />
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有人来“看看”,直爽地要走几盆花,虚伪些的并不开口,但只要主人说“想要 就端两盆吧”,他就拿着,一点儿也不客气。<br />
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本地和外地的干部来“参观拜访”了,也要几盆花作个“纪念” 〇<br />
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有的装作老熟人的样子,趁杨吉祥不在家,对女主人“大姐”长“大姐”短地叫 ー阵子,像没出五服似的,也得到了好处。<br />
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ー个卖瓜的骗去了 20多盆。<br />
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ー个派出所的开着摩托来,带走3盆扶桑。<br />
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1982年,杨吉祥的女儿做了一个不完全统计,被这样端走的花就价值两千 多元。<br />
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杨家人并不是小气的,他们也不是为了日后索债,是想知道一年共培植了多 少,大体有个数。他们那些被端走的花,有些是真心想送给人家的,那大多是熟人 好友,但好友又往往执意不要他们的花。大部分是不得不给。给三回五回可以,一 回不给就不行,说三道四,闲言碎语,难听极了。<br />
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有的说:“什么君子兰,几片叶子就像蜀黍叶似的,开ー朵花,就卖100块!”<br />
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有的说:“什么铁树,像个烂红薯疙瘩似的,长出几根叶就卖十几块,几根古里 古怪的梅花根就值那么多钱?”<br />
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“人家杨吉祥见着大官了,咱这样小干部人家理不着了。不就是养了点花 吗!”……<br />
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县人大常委会和妇联开会,为了布置会场,让杨吉祥搬来君子兰、铁树等花卉。 两个大会结束后,主持者叫杨收点钱,杨吉祥各收了 !5块钱。<br />
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县委副书记领ー名演员来赏花,原先说要两三盆花,后来一下子端走了 16盆, 其中有培育多年的名贵的君子兰、文竹、铁树等,总共值280多块。副书记说:“算 算,多少钱?开个条。”杨吉祥犹豫半天,有心不要,但价值实在太高了 ,他和这演员 素无交往;如果要,是不是抹了县委领导人的面子?想来想去,开了一个150块钱 的条子。县委不报销,转到文化局,文化局也不报销,又转到东关剧场……<br />
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去年,杨吉祥去看刘杰,主要谈谈培育梅花盆景问题,刘杰问起是否有人白拿 花,杨吉祥就如实地讲了一点情况。后来,《河南日报》将这次谈话的记录稿整理 发表了。<br />
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这三件事在襄城县引起了轩然大波。<br />
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“杨吉祥这小子,连油锅里的钱都敢抓!”<br />
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“他送给人家演员花,又要钱,有点不像话。”<br />
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“他是咱县的人,县里开大会用花,他还要钱!”<br />
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ー些机关干部经常围在ー起,以嘲笑的口吻说:“喂,谁拿人家专业户的花了? 咱可没拿。”<br />
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“这样的专业户是投机倒把,得罚。罚他万儿八千就行了。”<br />
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这种鼓噪越来越强,杨吉祥压カ很大。<br />
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打击ー个接ー个地来。<br />
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杨吉祥与刘杰的谈话,刺激了许多人虚伪卑鄙的面皮,他们恨不得把一切灾难 都加在杨吉祥身上。<br />
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整整一个春节,杨家是在巨大的压カ下度过的。到底犯了什么罪?有什么错? 从社会舆论到政法机关,全向一个无辜的专业户伸出了矛头。杨吉祥难过极了,他 知道什么叫县官不如现管了,他知道强龙不压地头蛇了。不就是向省委书记说了 几句实话吗?而且也没有告状的意思。于是,有人就受不了啦!似乎在那一片地 方,谁要当官,连这地方的每一条蚯蚓都是他的!他们喜欢权カ无限论,就像孩子 喜欢肉馅饼ー样。<br />
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一年四季,花儿还是那么美,杨吉祥不断地把美散布到四面八方,但留给他的 是忧愁和不安。他现在オ发现,自己这个专业户是这么脆弱,如同新出土的小嫩芽 ー样。钱如此可怕,难怪大家不敢富;美,如此不幸,难怪有追求的人必须向庸碌之 辈低三下四,借以求得他们的宽恕。这难道是正常的吗? “如果老这样下去,咱不 当这受罪的专业户了。”他要求护花神好好保护这些美丽的花和养花的人,唱ー出 新时代的《秋翁遇仙记》。<br />
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原野从未像现在这样充满生机。<br />
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看:草芽儿顽强地拱破坚硬的地皮,探出头来,借灿烂的阳光和温暖的春风神 奇地给自己披上绿装;耐了一冬风寒的大树也抖擞起精神来,黄河之水颠破迟化的 冰块,向着大海涌流;从大洋面上吹来的湿润的空气把沙漠里的红柳唤醒。变幻 着、蒸腾着、震荡着,于是,如此广袤的原野上出现了气压的峰和槽,风也就形成了。<br />
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社会和大自然惟妙惟肖。当春风掠过原野,回鸣山谷,搅动水波的时候,世界 上我们的这一部分也在动荡。没有形成カ偶的,正加速前行,这是时代的信使;形 成カ偶的,便成为旋风,所到之处,迫使每一片树叶都发出各自的声音……<br />
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风起了,起于青萍之末。<br />
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风,吹皱小商河浅浅的春水。在小商河旁边,是一座轮窑。窑的主人是魏富 根。这个小个子农民已经完全抛弃了土地,专门从事这个烧砖的事业了。他与临 颍县的ー个生产队订了合同,每年付给被吃土的生产队10980元,还答应给两个生 产队长各买ー辆自行车。<br />
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烧香引出鬼来!正当魏富根生意兴隆时,那两个全国最小的干部便最大限度 地使用起权カ来。他们轮番来“借”钱。小商河可以作证,高高的烟囱可以作证, 魏富根的同事可以作证:两个人,ー个借去红砖28200块,ー个拉去34000块,ー个 “借”800元,ー个“借” 1100多元。叫他们写个借条,不写。<br />
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这些土地之主没有尊重合同的习惯。这些人好像赌场的老板,无论谁发财都 得有他们ー份,因为你在他的地皮上。不然,就可以搞垮你。那么大一个轮窑,反 正你魏富根不能像蜗牛那样一下子背走。<br />
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于是,魏富根怕他们翻脸,委曲求全。他们得寸进尺,无底洞填不满。当魏富 根稍稍表示异议时,他们就发下话来:不准再朝下吃土 !<br />
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这等于叫这砖窑停エ。<br />
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他们又在本来平坦的土地上堆了一些小土堆,说不定这些假坟墓ー个要勒索 多少钱呢?！<br />
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工商业的发展面临着封建势カ的阻拦。<br />
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魏富根常常站在杨再兴的墓前想来想去。抗金名将杨再兴在众寡悬殊的情况 下战死在这里了。魏富根不怕上边,上边就是变,也得有个说法,至少得作个价オ 能归公吧！但他怕这眼前的祸。他自己一个人,无兄无弟,身小力薄,人家那边户 大兵多,哥哥当着大队支部副书记。不用说:“此诚不可与争锋”。难道他也要像 杨再兴那样,战死在这小商河边吗?那么他就把这烟囱留下,当作纪念碑,告诉人 们,是什么力量扼杀了离开土地的人的生命……<br />
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风,既然是风,便不会只吹向一个地方。<br />
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许昌地区有一个卖梨膏糖的,领了执照,按月及时交纳税款,每月35元。后来 见他生意挺好,税干部不高兴了,叫他补交税款500元。业主请这位没头脑的干部 喝了一次酒,税干部高兴了,把税款减为200元。不久,他又叫业主为他弄些盖房 用的檀条,业主作难,税干部不高兴,又要升为500元,于是业主赶快为他置办齐了 送去,他又高兴了。后来,税干部又看上了人家姑娘,想让这姑娘做他的儿媳,业主 不同意,税干部不高兴了,税款又升到500元……<br />
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有一个动画片叫《没头脑和不高兴》。中国有许多没头脑的人,偏偏他们又随 时随地地不高兴,这可怎么得了 ！<br />
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听ー听这里的风声吧,多么阴森凄冷！宜阳县个体户冯电哲因派给他的补税 金额太重,不去参加县统战会（冯有重要亲属在外）,让其妻王粉娇说明情况。税 务所长训她:“那个冯电哲,你告到统战部也不中,统战部是管和尚庙和基督教的 （简直是胡说八道！）。它啥单位?你过去是反革命家属,现在至少也是坏蛋家属。 不怕你冯电哲万元户,你有经济实カ,却没有政治实カ（注意!）,你有一万二,我罚 你ー万三,非把你弄垮不可「’这个所的会计对他说:“叫你交多少就得交多少,不 能问,ー问罚20元。”冯每月交税I91元,现在又叫他重交3822元,他觉得没法活 了,就喝了毒药氯丙嗪（幸未死）。<br />
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风刮得不小啊!这ー场风过,河南省仅工商个体户,一下子就减少了 8万,占 总数的百分之20%! 一有风吹草动,有些人就推波助澜,企图扭转乾坤。<br />
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风吹到北京来。一位副部长把一大堆交通事故的照片朝桌上一推,发开了脾 气,怨运输专业户多了,压死人了云云。这时,河南省委调研室的一位干部立即奋 起驳斥:“是的,找这样三十五十的事例不难,中国的事就是这样,干什么都能找到 论据。但是,你怎么不计算一下比例?到底是国营的出事故多,还是个人的多?据 我所知,专业户对自己的车是爱惜备至的,每误ー个エ时,每出一次事故,对他们损 失都很大。河南的事实是,运输专业户出车祸的比例很小。中国农民过去那么苦, 现在好不容易富起来了,这难道不是进步吗?交通部门谁关怀他们啦?有什么资 格这样谴责人家……”<br />
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谁能够走到生活的真实中去,倾听一下那私下里的议论,就会发现,争论和生 机在那原野上一起滋长。让这种生机发展下去,把问题争论清楚。不然,那青萍之 末的风有可能酿成折楫摧桅的飓风,至少,它也会使杜陵的庄稼“禾穗未熟皆 青干”。<br />
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金字塔将变为绿地。乡村又一次在包围城市。<br />
河流不睬池塘的悲哀,继续向大海流去。<br />
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原野在呼唤:历史上不存在至高无上的东西……<br />
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啊,我们的原野从来没有像今天这样“高产”,它不仅创造出数量巨大的物质 财富,也在创造着思想。动荡着、发展着、交错着、斗争着,那里有动人的音响,绚丽 的色彩,栩栩如生的英雄和小丑,也有美妙的诗和深刻的潜台词……虽然是序幕, 但这序幕是如此的辉煌!我们今天的原野已经迫使人们不能再对它熟视无睹了。<br />
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静下心来,捡ー块葱绿的草坡坐下,聆听一下原野的声音吧。它告诉我们:陶 令笔下的桃花源已经不再是中国农民的至美的憧憬,许多概念,诸如家庭、劳动、私 有财产、个人利益等等,都应当得到新的评议。我们应当在这种新的评议中找到ー 把钥匙,无数的事实告诉人们:我们所以能够吃得上饭并不是由于屠户、面包师和 酿酒工人的仁慈,而是他们出于自身利益的考虑。“让每一个社会成员去追求他自 <br />
己的最大利益吧,我从未见过那些假借为别人谋利之名的人做出了多大贡献。”这 话,亚当・斯密早就说过了。<br />
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但经济学已经不只是亚当・斯密和凯恩斯所在的国家的学科,中国的乡村在 为其提供新的东西。英国人以圈地的方法把牧民赶出绿色的草地,从而使英格兰 的纺织厂得到了大批工人,我们却以如此自然的、健康的、人道的方式使亿万农民 从乡间的阡陌上走出来,加入了现代社会的潮流。我不知道一帮人为什么对这样 伟大的变革老是喋喋不休地斥责和攻击!<br />
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一本写在原野上的《政治经济学》告诉我们:商品经济必须在自由的空气中オ 能顺利发展,正所谓“相濡以沫,未若相忘江湖也”。西方工商业是在摆脱了农奴 制的束缚,在封建行会不能控制的地方发展起来的;中国自战国以后工商业的发展 就超过了西方的相应时期,之所以最终又落后了,主要是封建制度这位大爷过于专 横和愚蠢。宋人石介在《石徂徘集》中说:“国家之禁,疏密不得其中矣。”政治和经 济不应是爷孙,而应当是夫妻,可惜这样的爷爷在我们的原野上还很多,那些控制 着多大地盘就把这里的每一条蚯蚓都视为己有的“领主们”,在为所欲为地打击压 制新的经济幼苗,在虐待他的“妻子”,使她手足无措。那些有了固定的私有财富 也便有了硬化的思想的人,总是企图削平任何形式的山包,以便他在ー马平川上纵 横跋扈。但历史的潮流注定了这样ー个趋势:金字塔将变为草地一绿色的、鲜活 的、承受着阳光也为自然提供财富的草地。<br />
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在那片原野上,站出了一批人物,这是ー个天天都在增长的巨大的数字。他们 从原野上走出来了,变为企业家,变为商人,变为新的教育工作者和艺术工作者。 在他们身上,我们看到了被压抑的胆量、智慧和才华如此汹涌地迸发出来,当千百 万这样的人物被承认之后,他们所叫出来的声音,所带出来的经验,将模糊这些界 限,同时也廓清许多认识,并开拓许多新的领域。先知先觉者从原野上将得到的最 大恩赐就是:农民问题不再是他们难以处理的沉重的包袱,而是ー只巨大的储 油箱。<br />
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原野上的景象如此激动人心,不是因为家家有了收音机,不是出了一批万元 户,而是体制的改变。你看,他们把大豆做成腐竹,把红薯制成酒精,将水果加工成 罐头,将饲料变成猪鸭鸡兔。于是,商品的涓涓细流在原野上汇集了,火车、汽车、 商贩的摩托和推销员的三寸不烂之舌,把这些细流引入城市,又把城市的东西带回 乡村,商品使整个社会像网ー样联结起来。这个商品的浪潮又和大洋的那边连在 ー起,许多农民的产品打入了国际市场。农民的工厂正以独具的优势同国营企业 竞争。自然经济正在向商品经济过渡,中国社会经济的素质在悄悄地向文明方向 变化。乡村又一次包围城市了!各种势カ都在对此表态。于是,池塘悲哀地哭了 起来,它容易满足,又不肯流动,宁愿腐败也不愿丢失什么,所以它骂流动的河水浅 薄、粗鲁,还危言耸听地告诉人们:河水泛滥了可扬不得帆!但河流仍然欢唱着,人 们仍然在上面扬帆航运,撒网捕鱼。池塘也咒骂大海,因为流水奔向了它,充实了 它。大海以巨大的胃口囊括了巨大的财富。大海不动声色,它总是那么幽深,那么 博大,那么信心十足。<br />
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原野上的波涛真的在拍打古老的城墙了,新鲜的空气正诱惑着城墙里面昏昏 欲睡的人们。许多人处在进的担忧和退的惶惧之中,他们为了不让树枝划破头皮 而宁肯做ー个侏儒。但新的经济,新的思想,新的人和新的体制正在顽强地生长。 伟大的难产可能诞生一个辉煌的婴儿。听吧,原野在高声呼唤我们:“放开你的步 子,写一部新的《创业史》。历史上不存在至高无上的东西,只有创造オ是神 圣的！”<br />
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（原载《报告文学》1984年第6期）<br />
热血男儿<br />
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李士非<br />
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满腔的热血已经沸腾。<br />
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《国际歌》<br />
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ー、能见到袁庚吗?<br />
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在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天,蛇口エ业区和它的领导人袁庚,名扬国内外,越 来越引人注目。<br />
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但是,我接受写袁庚的任务,未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他,手头也没有 积累多少关于他的资料,而且听说采访他很困难:他是香港招商局常务副董事长 （人们因此亲切地称他为袁董）,大部分时间在香港,每到蛇口,都忙得不可开交, 实在抽不出时间接受采访。但是,过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观,听过介绍,看 过录像,袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣,接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口 来,这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。“能见到袁庚吗?”“即使见不到袁庚也要写!”所谓 “冒险”,无非是写不出或写不好,个人面子不好看罢了,比起袁庚和他的朋友们从 事改革所冒的风险,简直是微不足道的。<br />
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仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气,到这里待ー些日子也是值得的。<br />
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“如果你只能待很短的时间,我劝你趁早打退堂鼓,不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆 辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意,开弓没有回头箭,退堂鼓是 不好打的。<br />
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二、夜访梁宪<br />
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在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口,袁庚出国去了,说是7月底或8月初 才能回来。最了解他的ー个人,东江纵队时期就和他ー起工作,现任蛇口工业区顾 <br />
问的许智明,到澳大利亚探亲去了,归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同, “时间就是金钱,效率就是生命”,白天工作紧张,找人谈话很难,晚上访问也要事 先约定,因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰 上袁庚的儿子袁中印,《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意,他马 上说:“有什么好写的?这么多人写过了,要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受 了乃父的影响,不大欢迎采访。“慢慢来吧,我一定要找你的。”我心里说。<br />
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多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙,约定了 一天晚上9点钟去访问エ业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人,穿过海 滨花园,沐着海风,经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边,漫步走向梁宪的住 处。早已听说,他!962年毕业于中山大学外语系,是梁宗岱教授的高足,对法国文 学很有研究。果然,ー见之下,我就感到他是ー个充满艺术气质的人。<br />
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他掏出港币,买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客,然后和我们谈笑风生。<br />
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“你们是文人,我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人,她在中央戏剧学 院教书。我对她说:你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的,但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。 中国像你们这样的文人太多,像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一 句英语,“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙,黄虹坚ー时也 没反应过来,陈宜浩翻译说:“他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑 起来。<br />
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梁宪大学毕业的时候,老百姓正在饿肚子,大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法 国文学的尖子,后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作,比袁庚晚半 年多一点。袁庚很器重他,有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。<br />
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“我去香港的时候,老婆说:最怕你没骨气,没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是 有的,外派干部只要有一点热血,就不是追求几大件,而是感到抬不起头来!<br />
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“刚到香港,每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐,ー串串的,海上漂着偷渡者的尸 体,我们不能忍受,啪一声把电视关了。<br />
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“我们国内建设搞不好,连ー些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们, 心里真难受呀。所以,我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过:’我之所以这么干,是 为了实现我入党时的初衷。’”<br />
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一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿,梁宪又概括地说:<br />
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“我熟悉的人当中,有两个热血男儿,ー个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛,ー个就是 袁庚!”<br />
<br />
好一个“热血男儿” !这个词太恰当了,把这两个人相提并论太好了,我不禁<br />
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怦然心动,觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。<br />
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也真巧,比我年长20岁的刘任涛,是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第 一流的眼科专家,共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长,曾为刘伯承元帅安过义 眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》,改行当了电影编剧,“文化大革命”中在珠 影被诬为“历史反革命”,打断五根肋骨,投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动 期间,他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明,不顾自己的政治处境,不顾没 有任何医疗条件,决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他:“万一失败,你就 是阶级报复,就会重进监狱。”他不听,他终于成功了。“作为医生,我拯救了我的 灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀,立下遗嘱:死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢 复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
<br />
刘任涛和袁庚,经历和事业完全不同,但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身 精神,是多么相似呵!我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚,觉得对袁庚也开始熟 悉了。<br />
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三、“冒险家”<br />
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刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障,要冒风险。袁 庚在蛇口进行改革,要冒更大的风险:两年之前,不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影 地攻击经济特区嘛!<br />
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但是,时代毕竟不同了,今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月 9日,胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区,袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆,和总书记有一 段精彩的对话。<br />
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袁庚:关于改革问题,现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看,凡是搞改革 的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法,最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变 法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪,改良主义,结果六君子被 杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革,我想不会落得前人这样 的下场,我们是在党的领导下进行的,不会有问题吧,我们值得冒这个险!<br />
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胡耀邦:过去的改革是下层少数人去改,领导者、统治者是压制的。现在 不同,我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改,现在和过去根本不同嘛!<br />
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袁庚:我们感到,我们的干部是不大怕群众的,只怕顶头上司,怕上司不喜 欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说,我每次来蛇口,ー上码头,前呼后 拥的,下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒,就会忘乎所以,久而久之, 就不怕群众,不怕下级,因为群众、下级撤不了我的职,我只怕交通部,怕顶头 上司,只有他们才能撤我的职。<br />
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所以,群众监督干部,群众有权选举和罢免干部,这至关重要。我们这里 想搞个改革试点,管委会由群众选举产生,每年投一次信任票,如果不信任票 超过半数,管委会就得改选,个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公 开的、直接的,由群众投票选举的领导班子,就会想群众之所想,急群众之所 急,就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手,就有人自动送礼 上门,如果头脑不清醒,不能自律,就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装 懂,诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部,我相信可以改变一下干部的结 构和干部的作风。我们想做这样ー个不太小的改革,准备冒一点风险。<br />
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胡耀邦:（点头）好!很好!<br />
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袁庚:总书记说了好,我们就记录在案,马上打报告这样做。<br />
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胡耀邦:（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿,在哪 ー出戏里我忘记了,讽刺官僚主义者,他不敢骂台上的官,只敢骂戏台上堂前 的鼓。有一段唱词说:“一棵大树腹中空,两头都是皮儿绷,每天上堂敲三下, R卜咚ゆ咚又ゆ咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛!（全场大笑）<br />
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党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印,想到ー块去了,这在蛇口的发 展史上,是应当大书特书的。<br />
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1983年4月24日,选举产生了蛇口エ业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22 日,按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票?组干处处长虞 德海说:“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的,信任票不足半数就 得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决,一定要搞信任投票。” 投票结果,管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数,袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上,全 部投票公开,任人查阅,尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐,如“某某能力低”“某某 不堪信任”之类,也不加掩饰。<br />
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这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。<br />
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四、“那里不肯放,就辞职!”<br />
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选举产生领导班子,定期举行信任投票,这是袁庚深思熟虑的ー项决定。他深<br />
深感到,不改革干部制度,不改变干部结构,任何改革都无从谈起,“四化”也只是 一句空话。<br />
<br />
有的领导干部,居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人:“你们大学建多大的桥?” 问来访的美国客人:“英国人讲英语,你们美国人讲什么语?”还有人向中央领导同 志汇报他到香港考察的收获:“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯!”如此等等,令人 啼笑皆非。这样的干部,怎能担当建设“四化”的重任!<br />
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蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地）,指挥部只有 二十多个干部的时候,袁庚就开始考虑如何培育ー支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命 化的干部队伍。1981年,他排除阻カ,毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班,从全国 各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说,“我是个冒险家,为了蛇口的改革,我从 全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。<br />
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当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员,委托交通部下属的交通科 学院情报所代为主持,在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、 江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。<br />
<br />
王潮梁!938年出生于江苏无锡,1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计 专业。早在1958年,他就参考外国的资料,在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫 原理,并和同学们一道造出了样品,在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对 飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是,在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年 代,几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机エ厂飞机设 计室任产品主管设计员,那时生产要听驻厂军代表的,而军代表只相信苏联专家和 苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料,翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂, 即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂,也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚 子气,却毫无办法。岁月如流,王潮梁搞了 17年飞机设计,却看到我们的飞机エ业 比印度还落后;又研制了四年的飞翔船,却看不到一艘飞翔船下水,那种壮志难酬 的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会,唯一的名额给了业务上 根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培 训班招生的广告时,他兴奋极了,“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方,去!”立刻把广告 剪下来,郑重地贴在本子上。<br />
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他第一个走进考场,第一个走出考场。笔试、面试,成绩优良。主持考试的情 报所林鸿慈同志下了结论:这是个人才,录取！<br />
<br />
但是,在中国有一个很大的矛盾:生产资料是全民所有制,干部却是单位私有 制。ー个单位可以把ー个或ー批人才冷藏ー辈子<br />
<br />
长江航运科研所不肯放人。<br />
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198I年11月,袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他,向他汇 报了招生的情况,特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。<br />
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袁庚很激动。<br />
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“小王是不是党员?”<br />
<br />
“不是。”<br />
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“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量,开个头,那里不肯放,就辞职!我这 里收。最多就是人家去告状,最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先 例。告到国务院,我们就把这个同志的情况报上去,中央领导会支持我们。新华社 社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开’干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人 在单位不充分发挥作用,又不让调,这个局面不打开是不成的!”<br />
<br />
林鸿慈被袁庚打动了,写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁,同时通过各种渠道 去做说服、疏通工作。终于,用不着王潮梁辞职,单位同意放人了。1982年,王潮 梁来到蛇口工业区。<br />
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五、企业管理研究生<br />
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1982年12月的一天晚上,ー个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
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这是一次事先约定的会见。<br />
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年轻人叫余昌民,刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清 华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生,工作了八九年,深感中国企业管理的弊病 太多,1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年, 专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息,《读卖新闻》为 此发了专稿,登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了,干什么好呢?学校建议他到国家 经委属下的中国企业研究协会去,这当然是个专业对口的美差,但是在武汉工作的 爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候,蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。他每星期上街 去买《深圳特区报》,得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝,如饥似渴地加以研 究。不难判断,蛇口エ业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去!决心下定了,系 里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会,经朋友介绍,他就来登门拜访了。<br />
<br />
会面的一瞬间,两个人互相观察了一下。<br />
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“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗?穿件中式棉袄,和一般的老干部没啥差别,不 是想象中的那个改革家的模样,而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真 的值得?”<br />
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真正的一闪念,没容余昌民多想,袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
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谈话开门见山。<br />
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“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里?”<br />
<br />
“在于体制。”<br />
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“对了!”袁庚兴奋起来,侃侃而谈,“上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦,说 他们要一千人,劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用,那七百是搭配的闲人,你再要, 就再搭配,再多余,反正是大锅饭,大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了,还说这是社会主义 的优越性!这样,工厂冗员越来越多,工厂成了小社会,在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的, 形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ,败坏着我们的民族素质!这样的体制不改革,我们 就没有出路!”<br />
<br />
“我的ー篇论文,提出了企业的素质问题。”<br />
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“有何高见?”<br />
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“素质,好比基本作用,像女排,形成了她们的基本作风,就有战斗カ。”<br />
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“就把ー个企业比作球队吧,假如你是教练,别人随便塞人给你,你怎么办?”<br />
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“我不要。”<br />
<br />
“不要不行!”<br />
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“那我不干。”<br />
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“对了,就得这样。”<br />
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一老ー少,越谈越投机,彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处ー闪而过的那点 疑虑也完全打消了。<br />
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“我们这里可要冒点风险。”<br />
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“正因为这样オ要去,建设好了还去干什么?”<br />
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“你个人有什么要求?”<br />
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“只要求家属ー起去。”<br />
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“这个我们来办。”<br />
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两个月后,余昌民父亲去世,回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化,系里要留他。 企业管理系刚刚建立,工作需要,理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚 飞往蛇口,收不回来了。<br />
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1983年3月,袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客,系里派余昌民随行。系 领导的目的,是让校长对余昌民有个印象,说服他留下来,同时出面解决他家属的 户ロ问题。<br />
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谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口,袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有,余昌 民暗示要做刘达的工作。<br />
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余昌民再一次请求:“校长,让我来蛇口吧。”<br />
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“系里要我帮忙留你,我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。<br />
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袁庚一再要求支持:“刘达同志,把小余给我们吧,我们迫切需要企业管理的专 门人才。”<br />
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刘达心动了。这位参加过“ー二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
<br />
回去后,余昌民给系里写了报告,对系里的教育培养表示感谢,说明清华企业 管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设,这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都 至关重要。<br />
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问题迎刃而解。7月,夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。<br />
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当余昌民到エ业区大楼报到的时候,在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉 着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口,边走边说:“你是研究企业管理的,你先熟悉ー 下情况,有把握了再谈工作……”<br />
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袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信,其中有一段话:<br />
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关于小余的事,同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失ー小余,无妨 大局,蛇口得之,如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下,エ业区将受其惠。<br />
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重感情的刘达,把这封信送给了余昌民,让他留作永久的纪念。<br />
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六、星期天的早晨<br />
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星期天早晨8点钟,顾立基刚起床,洗了脸,正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同 学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的,大家都熬了夜,现在让他们多睡一会儿 吧。顾立基轻手轻脚,唯恐弄出一点声音来。<br />
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“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗?”<br />
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门外传来ー个声音。顾立基一看,走廊上站着ー个六十多岁的老人和一个 姑娘。<br />
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“我就是顾立基,您是?”<br />
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“我是袁庚,蛇口的袁庚〇”老人首先伸出手来,“这是我女儿尼亚,她不放心我 的身体,一定要陪我来,其实我的身体还可以。你看,骑了半小时车子,轻松愉快。”<br />
<br />
顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 他深受感动。<br />
<br />
“我们到楼下谈吧,同学们还在睡觉。”<br />
<br />
楼下有一张靠背长椅,三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨,不冷不热,阳光和煦, 轻风拂面,校园一片宁静的气氛。<br />
<br />
“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会?”<br />
<br />
“是的,现在会员有一千多人了,成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。”<br />
<br />
“还听说你想当厂长?”<br />
<br />
“您的信息很灵通啊,”顾立基笑了, “我是说过想当厂长,为此还惹过ー些麻 烦呢。”<br />
<br />
“什么麻烦?”<br />
<br />
“有人说我是野心家。”<br />
<br />
“岂有此理!想当个厂长是什么野心!’不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’,这 是拿破仑说的还是谁说的? 一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对!”<br />
<br />
“我是学电脑的,但是我感到中国更需要管理人才,所以主动旁听了企业管理 系研究生的全部课程。”<br />
<br />
“到蛇口去吧,我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班,要培养大量的管理人才。”<br />
<br />
“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像,我的心就动了,只是还没下定决心。”<br />
<br />
“现在呢?”<br />
<br />
“现在下定决心了,去蛇口。”<br />
<br />
“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗?”<br />
<br />
有什么困难? 1982年的初夏,社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的,有人在 报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界,影射特区有变成租界的危险,造成一股无形的压 力,因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些,可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的 人在ー起,冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去,下属工厂任他挑选,这 些,对他有一定的吸引力。他自从!967年中学毕业,1968年进上海印染机械修配 厂,十年中当过锅炉エ、车エ、錠エ、钳エ、电エ,当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不 惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为,1974年顾立基和他们争吵过ー 次,挨了批斗,却受到工人们的同情,和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要 毕业了 ,朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查,他是材料组的负责 人,如果不来上大学,早就走上领导岗位了,现在回去,工作安排是不成问题的。但 是,陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大,他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的 是,母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房,姐妹们都在外地,母亲 希望他留在身边,爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
<br />
“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。<br />
<br />
袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口,使他动了感情,他滔 滔不绝地发起议论来。<br />
<br />
“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办ー个工业区 呢?为了在那块地方搞改革,搞全面的改革,从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度,都 要改,不改就没有出路。过去三十年,极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。 1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候,海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体,都是青年,他们为什 么要跑?因为我们穷!<br />
<br />
“’四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’,越搞跑的人越多。ー些村子的青壮年几乎跑 光了,真叫人欲哭无泪!蛇口对面就是香港的元朗,相隔只有6000米,晴天能看到 它的高楼,它就是在我们’十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了, 必须把经济搞上去,这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公 里,对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛,我们改革成功了,对全国就有很大 的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛,无伤大局。当然,我们一定要尽最大的 努力,争取成功,避免失败。我们这ー代人是老了,当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时 候,时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……”<br />
<br />
顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动,身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚,望 着自己的父亲,眼睛也有点热了……<br />
<br />
七、新闻发布会<br />
<br />
顾立基从培训班出来,当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书,1984年4月被聘为 办公室主任。<br />
<br />
7月份我没等到袁庚,因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口,听说顾立基6日 ー早要去香港,5日晚我去登门拜访。<br />
<br />
“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告,我为 了听这个报告,推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的,谁都可以听,欢迎你去。”ー见面 顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗?”<br />
<br />
“恐怕很难,他在蛇口不会待太久,一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告, 你最好陪他回宿舍ーー他儿子的住处,或者宾馆,这样边走边谈,可以谈十来分 钟……”<br />
<br />
我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗?<br />
<br />
不管怎样,先听听他的报告再说吧。<br />
<br />
8月6日下午7点半,袁庚的报告准时开始。<br />
<br />
俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影,大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。 今天这个会也叫新闻发布会,街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂,基本上坐满 了,放眼望过去,都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。<br />
<br />
袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上, 顾立基主持大会。<br />
<br />
ー开始,袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说:<br />
<br />
“大家不要怕,只讲个把钟头。”<br />
<br />
人们笑了,其实怕的是他讲得太短。<br />
<br />
“这次出国访问,历时23天,访问了 4个国家、16个公司、18个城市,从新加坡 开始,往西到英国,再到美国、日本,整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处,受到隆重的、 破格的接待,我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们 四个人,而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化,在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到 做蛇口人的光荣。”<br />
<br />
袁庚一向主张,出国访问要花自己的钱,花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、 软弱的地位。这次出访,他们带了 20万美金的信用卡,足够用了,所到之处都坚持 这个原则,唯独在新加坡失灵了。那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系,但新加 坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检,从飞机场ー直送到最高级的香格里拉大 酒店,袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前,这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫 人;在他之后,住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨）,每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观 什么项目,全部满足要求。临走结账时,酒店经理说:“在你们到来之前,已经有人 付了全部费用。”<br />
<br />
他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁,英国老板们在海员罢エ浪潮的 冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们,给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深 刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说:“我们原打算3年之内种植 20万株月季,把蛇口建成玫瑰之城,现在看来太落后了……”<br />
<br />
这次出访的重点是美国,主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。<br />
<br />
在匹兹堡,大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。<br />
<br />
在蒙特利尔,华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民,交给他一把金钥匙。女 市长在宴会上说:“我是百分之百的中国人,也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说:“我 很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判,就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过, “在经济问题上,兄弟无情,六亲不认!何况是与外国人谈判「’<br />
<br />
在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前,有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过 的曲折。<br />
<br />
还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。<br />
<br />
1984年3月22日,袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说:<br />
<br />
“中央在3月10日下达了文件,大家听了很高兴,但我们不要高兴得过早。不 要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了,但官僚主义、 红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事,还是有的。例如我们正在谈判 的浮法玻璃厂,到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃,为什么不准我们用 最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ?最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局 交涉。她们去的时候,人家一口答应,讲你们回去好了,但等我们企业室派人带合 同去盖章的时候,又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干,他们讲:‘你们派了记 者、作家来,我敢不答应吗?弄得不好,你们要写报告文学,写内参,我受得了 吗,？……”<br />
<br />
真是好事多磨,交涉了九个月,オ过了国内这ー关。<br />
<br />
和美国人谈判,当然不可能用这么长的时间,但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想 而知的。<br />
<br />
美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂,简直是一座玻璃城!它生产各式各样 的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃,用25磅大锤从20米外打去,地皮都震动了,玻璃却安 然无恙。我们和美国合资,投资ー亿美元,引进一座同样的エ厂,买他的专利,以后 我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点,集中在每年所付专利费 占销售总额的百分比上。<br />
<br />
美方要6%,我们还价4% 〇<br />
<br />
美方降到5%,我们加到4.5%。<br />
<br />
寸利必争,形成僵局。<br />
<br />
袁庚发言了。<br />
<br />
“先生们,我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针,2000年前发明了火药,全人类 <br />
都在享受这些伟大的成果,可是他们从来没有要过什么专利,我们作为后代从来没 有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋,而是觉得光荣。请问各位,那时候你们的祖先在哪 里?恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前,是不是毛特别多……”<br />
<br />
美国人真的低头看自己的胸前,一个个咧嘴笑了。<br />
<br />
“不过各位不要害怕,我的意思不是不付专利费,而是要求公平合理r’<br />
<br />
这是典型的袁庚风格,坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们,说不 定会抗议呢!“你骂我们的祖先,是可忍,孰不可忍ド’<br />
<br />
终于达成协议:4.75%,为期!0年。<br />
<br />
这是相当有利的。某大城市引进ー个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂,专利 费是5% ,时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说:<br />
<br />
“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处,绝不能走 美国的路!<br />
<br />
“世界经济正在衰退,エ业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走,他们还 有点生气,现在停滞不前了。<br />
<br />
“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方,转移到太平洋 沿岸。<br />
<br />
“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了,现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈,今天 下午四点半ー踏上蛇口码头,就感到无比的清新,感到ー草一木都非常亲切。<br />
<br />
“10月1日,蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话,那是大家的 功劳！<br />
<br />
“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的,思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上,我们ー定要 赶上和超过他们!”<br />
<br />
只讲了一个半小时,宣布散会了,大家意犹未尽。<br />
<br />
走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了,我放弃了跟上去的打算。<br />
<br />
ハ、“搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
8月7日,袁庚开了一整天会,据说8日也不会有空,而9日ー早又要回香港 了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上,我给他写了一封信,说明这一次 如果不能和他交谈,我将等待,直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨,我把这封信 交给了エ业区党委副书记乔胜利,请他转交。<br />
<br />
8日上午,我到办公大楼访问王潮梁,两人刚坐下来,办公室副主任黄振超匆<br />
<br />
匆忙忙地叫我:“袁董回来了,快去见他!”<br />
<br />
我向王潮梁道了歉,说明另改时间,急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。<br />
<br />
工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的,中间隔着大块的透明玻璃,老远就看 见了袁庚,他手里正拿着一大摞文件。<br />
<br />
我和他握手的时候,黄振超在旁边向他说明:“只是见见面,不会占你很多 时间。”<br />
<br />
袁庚却非常随便地笑着说:<br />
<br />
“你是《花城》的?来搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
<br />
一句玩笑话把距离缩短了,而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。我 知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。梁宪说过,前几年在北京开会,有一天袁庚 看了张洁的小说《爱,是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章,问他:“你认识这个作家 吗?咱们把她请到蛇口去!”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所 了解的,“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。<br />
<br />
我也笑着说:<br />
<br />
“我搞的是阳谋,要写你和蛇口。”<br />
<br />
他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下,舒服地往藤椅上一靠,摆出了准备 谈ー阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好,这里问题多得 很,改革每前进ー步都要经过斗争,到处充满着矛盾。”<br />
<br />
我说:“正是这一点吸引了我。”<br />
<br />
“ー个国家没有民主是不行的,而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。 我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国,政治家演说,群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿 扔他,他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的,但这ー套对巩固资产阶级的统 治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底,孙中山是 想搞民主的,他死得太早,没搞成。中华民族是伟大的,但是历史的包袱太重了。”<br />
<br />
半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说:<br />
<br />
“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿,她在美国学企业管理,谈起来也说:在 美国深有感慨,感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重〇<br />
<br />
“美国这个民族,就没有什么框框,我在报告会上也说了,他们的总督牌香烟广 告有一句口号是’想做就去做’,这句话香港也接受不了,译成’应做就去做’〇当 然,想干什么就干什么是不行的,但我们许多应干的事却干不成。”<br />
<br />
接着我问了他的经历,他扼要地做了回答,着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命” 中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时,这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来,<br />
<br />
微笑着站在那里不动,我知道是催他去开会,我们的谈话该结束了。<br />
<br />
黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志,我们马上又赶到 太子宾馆,和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢,对监狱内外情形 都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说:<br />
<br />
“许多人经过那样的折磨,出来就蔦儿了,可是他不,他的劲头反而更大了。”<br />
<br />
我心里说:这オ是袁庚!<br />
<br />
过了几天,乔胜利对陈宜浩说:“袁董看了我的信,答应下次回来再和我谈。” 可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。<br />
<br />
8月25日上午,我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息,急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联 系。但是太迟了,他过了中午又要回香港,而上午的时间已经排满,就在和我通话 的时候,他不得不放下电话去开门。他说:<br />
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“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧,不要紧的,我们没有秘密。”<br />
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我没有准备电话采访,ー时想不齐全,只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字, 他ーー做了回答:“这些也要发表吗?”我说:“不一定发表。”他说:“发表也没关系, 那天我讲话外国人也听了。”<br />
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我说:“将来排出校样,送给你看看好吗?免得事实有出入。”<br />
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“不必了。不要什么都审查,出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的,难免出点差 错。捅点娄子也不要紧。”<br />
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“好了,谢谢您。”<br />
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“谢谢。”<br />
<br />
我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。<br />
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一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观,来到铝材厂门口时,他向学 员们介绍:这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人,23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起 来,大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停エ,ー个工人从高处摔下来受了伤,他的哥哥跑 过去看了看,见弟弟没有生命危险,便又回去干活了。<br />
<br />
袁庚说:“日本不富没有天理!中国改革不富也没有天理!”<br />
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现在我想说:蛇口的改革不成功没有天理!<br />
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九、大鹏魂<br />
<br />
66岁的袁庚,魁梧、潇洒,兼有外交家和实业家的风度,具有一种吸引人的魅 カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢?<br />
拨开历史的迷雾,我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。<br />
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他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园,算 是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。<br />
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1935年,他毕业于广州广雅中学,随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测 量员,他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校,陈济棠下台后,这家军校成了国民党中央军 校的分校。在学校里,袁庚是活跃的足球门将,练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕 业,他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官,ー个个腐化不堪,对民族危亡无动于衷,便愤 然回到故乡大鹏镇,担任第一小学校长,同时兼任地方自卫队教官。<br />
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学校是国民党办的,自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的,但是学校和自卫队中都有 中共地下党员。<br />
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戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚,在当地是ー个重要人物,三种政治力量对他都很 重视。<br />
<br />
中共地下县委书记王文,和他住到ー起,亲自考察他。<br />
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革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
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1939年3月27日,袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党,从这ー 天起,他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。<br />
<br />
当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党 的漫画,刺痛了国民党区党部,他的处境变得危险了,党组织于!939年冬天把他转 移到党领导的抗日游击队,从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子, 像大鹏ー样展翅高飞了。<br />
<br />
抗日战争期间,美军作为盟军,在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组,担任东纵联 络处处长的袁庚,和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示,东纵和美 军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报,对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。<br />
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日寇投降时,英军远在缅甸,ー个海军少将只率领ー营人乘航空母舰赶到香 港。他的兵力不足以维持治安,要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央,中 央复电:为了对付国民党的内战阴谋,坚决撤离港九地区;同时要求在香港设立联 络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判,袁庚不辱使命,漂亮地完成了任务,并成为驻 香港办事处的第一任主任,这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能 想到,历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折,二十多年后,这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。<br />
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十、秦城监狱<br />
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1968年4月6日,袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家,到机关去上班。北京的4月 初,春寒料峭,风沙迷眼,加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报,形成一片肃杀气氛,使袁 庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作,刚告一段落,还来不及喘口气, 就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息,他于愤 懑中保持着镇定。<br />
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回到办公室不久,有人通知:“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门,看到 除部长之外,还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长,面孔板得像 ー座木雕。<br />
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“袁庚,你被捕了!”<br />
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下午,机关召开大会,部长在会上宣布:“袁庚是美国特务,已经依法逮捕。”袁 庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和 刘丹ー,互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周 总理安全的情景,记忆犹新,那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间,周旋于华侨社会 之中,眼睛熬红了,人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场,天理何在?!<br />
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与此同时,汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中,勒令交出所有的钥匙,开始抄家。 翻箱倒柜,从下午抄到天黑,然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时,オ发现三个 孩子被关在门外不准进家,左邻右舍也不敢收留,孩子们在抹眼泪……<br />
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从此以后,袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里,也不知是死是 活,到哪里打听都说不知道。!969年,汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校,孩 子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”,但作为“反革命家属”， 她只能干最脏最累的活,如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎,痛得胳膊抬 不起来,医生建议回北京治疗,干校就是不准。直到!972年初夏,她的大孩子中印 就要下乡插队了,她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服,打点行装,オ被批准。<br />
<br />
1972年7月,袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后,有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去 探监。“他还活着,他还活着!”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。<br />
<br />
汪宗谦心酸地发现,袁庚行走困难,说话声音也变了,而且他不知道当时是何 年何月！<br />
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原来监狱里日夜亮着灯,犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替,失去了时间的概念;<br />
睡觉时只准脸朝外,一条腿总是压在下边,时间长了造成萎缩;长期不讲话,声带都 沙哑了。<br />
<br />
我曾经听说,袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西,只有放风时在天井里看到 墙根的小草。问他是不是这样,他说:<br />
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“不,还有蚂蚁,我对蚂蚁很有研究。”<br />
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这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量!<br />
<br />
汪宗谦见过了袁庚,就为救他而奔走了。<br />
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“没见他不知道他死活,既然知道他还活着,我就怕他死了!问题还没搞清,死 了孩子们都得背黑锅呀!他住在楼上,要到楼下的天井放风,上下都很辛苦,我到 中央接待站去上访,请求把他搬到楼下来,这个要求被接受了。”<br />
<br />
袁庚搬到楼下的ー间房,发现席子底下有一团花白的头发,他判断这里关过ー 个五十多岁的女同志。后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事,王光美 说:“没错,正是我住过的那间房。”<br />
<br />
袁庚出狱,已是1973年9月30日,整整关了 5年半。<br />
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在狱中,睡觉时只要一转身,看守就在外边敲门。夜晚,敲门声常常把人惊醒。 袁庚回到家里,刚一入睡就惊醒了,这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年,这种心悸 病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能,却用了更长的时间。每天,汪宗谦搀 着袁庚,ー步,ー步,慢慢地走,越走越远,越走越快,走了一年之久,两条腿オ恢复 了平衡。<br />
<br />
更可悲的是,有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子,出来不会走直路了,一走就 转圈,连马路也不能过。人啊,人！人的尊严到哪里去了！<br />
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经过一年多的休养治疗,1975年,袁庚被分配到交通部,当了外事局副局长。<br />
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ー恢复工作,袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体ー样活跃起来。<br />
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恢复工作之前,袁庚骑自行车上街,总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道,“不能开 慢点吗” !恢复工作之后,自己也坐上了小汽车,有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了, “不能靠边骑吗” !他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化,在心里警告自己道: “可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀!”<br />
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多年来,这成了他的一个信条。<br />
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十ー、香港第一课<br />
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1978年,做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚,以花甲之年改行搞经济,被派<br />
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到香港招商局担任副董事长。<br />
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招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日,招商局 香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱,从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。 历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长,所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。 从李鸿章算起,袁庚是第29任了。<br />
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香港招商局在极'左‘思想影响之下,经营单一,困守一隅,搞了几十年没有什 么发展。袁庚到任,根据中央定下的“以航运为中心,立足港澳,背靠内地,面向海 外,多种经营,工商结合,买卖结合”的方针,以铁腕大力整顿。<br />
<br />
袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说:<br />
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“我到香港的第一课,就是买了一座大楼,非常便宜,只花了 6180万（港币）。 第一次交订金时,支票2000万。那天是星期五,当时讲好下午2点钟,在ー个律师 楼里,大家一手交钱,一手交货。我们开了 2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的 对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里,发动机都没有停。ー上去之后,大 家一手交货,一手交钱,签字。签完字,对方拿着支票,两个人夹住,下去了。剩下 ー个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度,马上存到银行里去了。 因为明天是礼拜六了,人家银行关门,礼拜天也关门,假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前 不到银行去交那个支票的话,他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支 票交给他。我们的财务去了,他回来向我们报告,他说当时那个场面是很动人的。 当然,我们闭着眼睛也能想到,资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重 视,当时浮动利息是!4厘,三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志,那就 无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去,回家。他没有这个观念!这就是香港第一课。 我也不怕自惭形秽,ー窍不通,我接触经济工作,仅仅是5年多前开始的。但ー开 始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多!招商局的子公司多的是,ー检查,发现支 票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了 ,换了一个华东 财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后,我就给他讲这个道理,ー个礼拜之内他就能够接 受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事,立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后,财源 滚滚而来。……这个’时间就是金钱’,不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我,其实 这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’,它说得比我还 厉害,时间重于金钱!”<br />
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招商局走上轨道,袁庚就考虑进ー步的发展了。1979年初,他和有关同志带 着在蛇口开发エ业区的蓝图,到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志 很感兴趣,当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给エ业区,袁庚还没有这个胆量,只要了<br />
<br />
2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候,袁庚心里默默 地说:<br />
<br />
“先念同志,签吧,您这ー笔下去,将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀!”<br />
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十二、淸新<br />
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1984年8月,蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅,迎面是ー架屏 风,正中间挂着一幅草书,苍劲流畅的书法,引人注目,细看那内容,更是气度非凡。 这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本,把它抄了下来。<br />
<br />
登微波楼<br />
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微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
<br />
时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
<br />
宝安袁庚<br />
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我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
<br />
我有同感。<br />
<br />
蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
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六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
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晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
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啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
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十三、心血<br />
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清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
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ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
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1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
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这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
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施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
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午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
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下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
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厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
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的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
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我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
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我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
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龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
<br />
“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
<br />
“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
<br />
“你有什么打算?”<br />
<br />
“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
<br />
“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
<br />
“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
<br />
在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
<br />
十五、激动的工程师<br />
<br />
7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
<br />
蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
<br />
边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
<br />
“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
<br />
的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
<br />
“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
<br />
46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
<br />
他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
<br />
王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
<br />
袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
<br />
管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
<br />
当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
<br />
“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
<br />
“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
<br />
“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
<br />
“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
<br />
“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
<br />
“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
<br />
“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
<br />
“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
<br />
“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
<br />
了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
<br />
父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
<br />
“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
<br />
当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
<br />
“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
<br />
“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
<br />
“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
<br />
“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
<br />
第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
<br />
12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
<br />
1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
<br />
王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
<br />
“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
<br />
“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
<br />
“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
<br />
“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
<br />
“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
<br />
“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
<br />
“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
<br />
王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
<br />
十六、年轻的总经理<br />
<br />
一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
<br />
说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
<br />
“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
<br />
只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
<br />
她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
<br />
“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
<br />
这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
<br />
“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
<br />
“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
<br />
郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
<br />
“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
<br />
我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
<br />
“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
<br />
“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
<br />
我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
<br />
“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
<br />
真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
<br />
“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
<br />
我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
<br />
告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
<br />
我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
<br />
对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
<br />
袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
<br />
袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
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“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
<br />
“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
<br />
“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
<br />
“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
<br />
这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
<br />
我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
<br />
有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
<br />
后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
<br />
在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
<br />
ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
<br />
他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
<br />
星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
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第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
<br />
“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
<br />
我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
<br />
“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
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十七、热血沸腾<br />
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在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
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蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
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真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）<br />
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<br />
卷ー<br />
<br />
序李炳银/001<br />
<br />
哥德巴赫猜想 徐 迟/001<br />
<br />
船长柯岩/021<br />
<br />
痴情理由/040<br />
<br />
中国姑娘鲁光/ 086<br />
<br />
三门李逸闻乔迈Z 138<br />
<br />
胡杨泪孟晓云/ 150<br />
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原野在呼唤 王兆军/ 163<br />
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热血男儿李士非/ 183<br />
<br />
卷二<br />
<br />
中国农民大趋势（节选）李延国/219<br />
<br />
理论狂人 陈祖芬/261<br />
<br />
神圣忧思录 张 敏/283<br />
<br />
强国梦（节选）赵瑜/315<br />
<br />
伐木者,醒来!（节选）徐 刚Z358<br />
<br />
步鑫生现象的反思 周嘉俊Z397<br />
昆山之路杨守松/ 425<br />
<br />
飞向太空港（节选）李鸣生/465<br />
<br />
东方风来满眼春 陈锡添/526<br />
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好梦将圆时 江永红/539<br />
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智慧风暴（节选）王宏甲/573<br />
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卷四<br />
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4万:400万的牵挂 张雅文/ 625<br />
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香港回归祖国10周年回眸 长 江/ 670<br />
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木棉花开李春雷/695<br />
<br />
休息的革命（缩写本）王宏甲 刘 建/716<br />
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闪着泪光的事业 蒋 巍/758<br />
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让百姓做主朱晓军李英/ 777<br />
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难回故里郭冬Z 817<br />
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卷五<br />
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国家何建明/855<br />
<br />
蛟龙探海（节选）许 晨/ 915<br />
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袁隆平的世界（节选）陈启文/950<br />
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“神舟”天路 兰宁远/ 1011<br />
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智慧之翼李青松/ 1044<br />
<br />
附录 改革开放四十年优秀报告文学存目Z 1060<br />
中国农民大趋势<br />
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胶东风情录（节选）<br />
李延国<br />
<br />
第一章オ目会在北京<br />
<br />
初春。北京电影制片厂。<br />
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我住在这个厂招待所的一间斗室里,正没完没了地修改ー个电影文学剧本。 一天,值班室的服务员用扩音器通知我:有客人来找。<br />
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我走下楼去。几个身穿呢料制服的男子汉正等候在那里。<br />
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“弟弟!”我一下把他从人群中辨认出来,他那黝黑的、已经被岁月的犁铮犁出 了沟痕的面孔,刚经修饰,显得容光焕发。他彬彬有礼地上前来同我握手,向我介 绍同来的人们。他们的神采和装束使我大为惊讶,要知道,他们是文学概念中的 “庄稼汉”呀!<br />
<br />
“你们怎么来的?”<br />
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“自己带的车!”他指指外面的“吉普”。<br />
<br />
两千多里路,他们竟然坐上了“专车” 〇<br />
<br />
“你们要去哪里?”<br />
<br />
“深圳!”<br />
<br />
“到深圳做什么?”<br />
<br />
“考察!”<br />
<br />
故乡,在我的情思里,那是黄昏的茅屋上一缕淡淡的炊烟,那是黎明的原野上 一声悠长的牛叫,那是父亲头上ー顶破了边的草帽,那是母亲褪色的衣襟上一块杂 色补丁,那是弟弟一双饥饿的眼睛,那是妹妹辫子上一根粗糙的头绳……眼前的景 象,使我无法和过去联系起来。<br />
<br />
“你们办好去边境的手续了吗?”<br />
<br />
“办好了！”<br />
<br />
“坐火车去吗?”<br />
<br />
“不,坐飞机去!”<br />
<br />
“你们是怎样买到飞机票的?”<br />
<br />
“作家协会的一位同志帮忙买的。”<br />
<br />
我从ー个农民走上文坛,足足用了二十多年的工夫,那是一条漫长的路,我仿 佛觉得,这条路已经离开家乡很远很远,不料想,兄弟们斜刺里从青纱帐杀了出来, 竟一下子冲进了这个世界的核心部位。<br />
<br />
他们这一行,是由年轻的镇委书记谢玉堂带领的,其中包括已经声名大震的农 民企业家李德海等。他们去深圳不仅是为了开开眼界,原来家乡在那里是投了资 的,ー甩手拿出几十万、上百万元,现在他们将以“股东”的身份走在深圳繁华的街 市上,从那个窗口去瞭望世界!<br />
<br />
我不知该怎样招待他们这些“天外来客” 〇<br />
<br />
我忽然想到了我的优势:“我领你们去看看摄影棚吧,里面在拍电影,挺好 玩的。”<br />
<br />
他们一行人顿时变成了“中国农民电影考察团”,随我向摄影棚走去。艺术对 他们曾是遥远的、朦胧的,今天他们要走近前去看个仔细。<br />
<br />
我们被挡在摄影棚巨大的铁门外边,这里的制度是严格的,参观的人需经厂保 卫科批准。<br />
<br />
“中国农民电影考察团”被尴尬地晒在那里。<br />
<br />
我忽然又想起了另ー个优势:“去看看'北影一条街’吧！”<br />
<br />
“北影一条街”是ー个半永久性的露天布景,坐落在厂院后区,巧夺天工的美 エ师们在这里搭起了具有古典风格的店铺、楼阁、墙垒。走在这里,像走进了陈旧 的岁月之中。《垂帘听政》《海囚》《双雄会》《骆驼祥子》等等许多撼动人心的历史 场面都是在这里拍摄出来的,中国农民在这里扮演了屈辱和失败的角色！<br />
<br />
农民兄弟们巨大的步幅,很快把这一条小小的街道丈量完了,他们好奇地转到 布景的后面,ー个个不禁哑然失笑:“都是假的呀!”<br />
<br />
没有什么事情能唤起他们的兴趣。我决意尽主人之道,把他们领到北影小食 堂狠狠来上一顿,花个三十二十的！<br />
<br />
“不,跟我们去吧！”他们反客为主。<br />
<br />
“去哪里?”<br />
<br />
“小洞天,西餐!”<br />
<br />
我简直是五体投地！我想象不出来,他们是怎么睁大寻觅的眼睛,在偌大的北<br />
<br />
京城找到了那个藏在地缝里的“小洞天”的。<br />
<br />
我的兄弟们在我面前变得陌生了,这一切变化是怎样开始的?是谁给了他们 这新的风采、新的气质?<br />
<br />
他们似乎在追赶着什么一乘上飞机,用超音速……<br />
<br />
文学,将仰首注视他们!<br />
<br />
中国,是世界上拥有农民最多的国家,谁不了解当代的中国农民的变化,谁就 不了解当代的中国。<br />
<br />
传统的农民观念在我的头脑里发生了动摇。<br />
<br />
到胶东去!<br />
<br />
到故乡去!<br />
<br />
第二章故乡之门<br />
<br />
烟台,我的故乡。<br />
<br />
据说,这是ー个没有待业青年的城市。一位空军战斗英雄在这里担任副市长; 一位从北京招聘来的硕士研究生被委任为市委宣传部长（他们都是胶东的儿子）； 留职停薪的教师开办旅游开发公司,市政府领导亲临剪彩;上海交通大学的几位校 友创办烟台思源新技术开发公司,经济学家于光远发来贺电;新建的电视台将于7 月1日开播;集资兴办的综合性的烟台大学正在开挖地基;现代化的海上游乐园正 在啞桐岛上破土动エ;东郊的飞机场、西郊的高速公路正在筹建之中；那些农民办 的饭店、旅馆、商场、烤鸭店、运输公司更是兴隆昌盛……真个是:昨梦乘风破浪去, 满山灯火是烟台。<br />
<br />
当天晚上,市委书记王济夫同志来到宾馆。凡来烟台的学者、作家、画家、书法 家、记者、编辑、科学家,他总要抽空来看望。他身上兼有军人的敏捷和学者的优 雅,讲话却又充满诗人的激情,那浓重的乡音,又使我如见故里。<br />
<br />
他也是胶东当代的ー个传奇人物。他ー会儿身穿西服登上党代会的主席台, 一会儿在宾馆和外商洽谈大型旅游服务系统的投资,一会儿又拉着商业局长深入 个体饮食店解决原料供应,一会儿又到新成立的画院和画家们评论新作,一会儿又 到某郊区县为农民企业家发表辩护演说……此刻为迎接对外开放,他刚刚从海湾 对面的姊妹城市一大连考察回来,毫无倦意地坐在沙发上。<br />
<br />
“最近写些什么作品了?”他拍拍我刚送给他的《在这片国土上》的单行本,“你 很少回家,应该回来看看我们这片乡土。这是一片烈士洒过鲜血的土地,今天发生 了翻天覆地的变化。你应该看看农民怎样变成企业家的。”他边说边挥动手臂,仿 <br />
佛这不是在屋里,而是在ー个视野开阔的制高点上,“'牟平七雄’’蓬莱ハ仙’’黄 县五杰’’栖霞三能’……他们都是ー窝子ー窝子的。英雄无独有偶,都是竞争出 来的。三中全会造就了一大批英雄,你应该去看看他们怎样跟着三中全会的旗帜, 改变了自己的命运。现在的家乡,可不是昔日的家乡了;现在的农业,可不是传统 的农业了;现在的农民,可不是当年鲁迅笔下的阿Q、赵树理笔下的李有オ,也不是 高晓声笔下的陈奂生了。就是说,这个深刻变化不仅发生在地貌上、生产关系上, 也发生在人的灵魂深处,动摇了很多传统的东西……”<br />
<br />
来也匆匆,去也匆匆。他走下楼去,站到汽车门前,海风掀起他黑色的衣襟,像 鼓起的船帆。他回头说:<br />
<br />
“人是复杂的,文学也应该是复杂的。唱改革者之歌的时候,不要忘记他们的 辛酸、他们的磨难。任何ー项改革都不是在笔直的路上走的……”<br />
<br />
车走了,仲夏的海滨卷起一阵旋风。<br />
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好有力的旋风啊!<br />
<br />
第三章走进蓬莱仙境<br />
<br />
蓬莱阁上<br />
<br />
神话今说<br />
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蓬莱,民族英雄戚继光的故乡,八仙过海传说的发祥地,你把魂魄凝聚在小小 的蓬莱阁上。不是吗?要不,在这里只做过五天知府的苏东坡为什么留下了“东方 云海空复空,群仙出没空明中”的诗句?为什么远离热土的老华侨要登临神堂烧上 ー炷香烛?为什么那些蓝眼睛的异国人要在参天的古柏前留一帧小照?<br />
<br />
在我登上这座建筑在民族心理上九百余年的仙阁时,适逢ー批外国友人乘兴 游览,导游员刘妍,一位端庄聪颖的农民女儿（她爱好田径,学过武术,酷爱外语）, 带领他们穿行在神话传说的历史中。<br />
<br />
“请问刘小姐,这里为什么叫蓬莱呢?”<br />
<br />
“据说,当年秦始皇为了求长生不老药,曾来到这里,他突然发现海里有一片赤 色,就连忙问随行的方士:’那是什么?’方士答道:'那是仙岛。’秦始皇又问:'那仙 岛叫什么名字?’方士回答不上来,慌乱中发现海水里有一片海草,'蓬’和'莱’都 是草名,方士就顺ロ应付说:'蓬莱。’从此,蓬莱仙岛这个名字就流传开了……”<br />
<br />
“刘小姐,您刚オ说,ハ仙过海中的八位神仙,是在蓬莱阁上喝醉了酒之后飘然 过海……请问,他们过海到哪里去了?”<br />
<br />
“传说很多。不过,今天的蓬莱农村,发生了翻天覆地的变化,我想,八位仙人 一定是留恋人间的新生活,投胎为农民企业家、专业户、个体户。如果先生和女士 们有兴趣,不妨到蓬莱农村一游……”<br />
<br />
刘妍莞尔一笑,博得一阵喝彩! 一位外宾说:<br />
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“刘小姐,你可以做何仙姑了!”<br />
<br />
伊甸园的葡萄熟了<br />
<br />
商品生产观念的形成<br />
<br />
今天,庄户人的自给自足的传统观念像雪山一样崩塌了 !<br />
<br />
大姜家大队的300亩葡萄园,就曾经是ー个和传统观念搏斗的战场！<br />
<br />
开始,28岁的支部书记姜世谭,决定根据三中全会精神调整农业内部结构,拿 出西南洼110亩水浇地改种葡萄,立时受到围攻,上面点名,下面咒骂,连老父亲也 质问他:“现在国家提高粮价,你去种什么葡萄?”<br />
<br />
为了使葡萄园方方正正,还要耕掉50亩漫脚面的麦苗,于是老队长姜世希领 着四个生产队长和姜世谭滚打在ー起:<br />
<br />
“败家子儿！这是四五万斤麦子呀!”<br />
<br />
“老祖宗撇下这么点好地,你穷作!”<br />
<br />
“你不是吃人饭长的……”<br />
<br />
姜世谭被逼成个“红眼狼”,鞭子ー甩:“耕!”他推着雪亮的犁刀,绿生生的麦 苗被翻到地下去了！<br />
<br />
1983年秋天,葡萄熟了,ー嘟噜ー串地压满了架子,听听那些名字吧:龙眼、泽 香、白茹、枣晶、贵人香、赤霞珠……姜世谭把全村老少六百口子请了来:<br />
<br />
“今天请乡亲们来吃葡萄！ ー百多个品种管尝！大家边吃,边算ー笔账,按市 价这ー嘟噜葡萄能卖ー块钱,大家可以数数有多少嘟噜……”<br />
<br />
数得过来吗?<br />
<br />
最后的账目还是由会计算出来的,ー亩葡萄的收益相当于1万斤小麦,1〇〇多 亩葡萄超过了全村1500亩粮田的总收入！<br />
<br />
伊甸园的葡萄熟了,大姜家人的思想飞跃了！<br />
<br />
姜世谭又来了第二个惊险的跳跃:建立食品加工厂,生产葡萄罐头,增值！<br />
<br />
食品厂在斗争中建起来了,开エ40天,产值就达14万元。<br />
<br />
“凡是要改革ー项事情,总是有阻カ。毛主席去世后,两个’凡是’听得多顺 溜? 一说毛主席有错误有缺点,农民根本不承认这个事。搞大包干、责任制,可又 舍不得丢掉大锅饭;要搞商品生产,阻力更大,这次改革是农民改行呀!农民做エ, 书记当经理。过去是春天捅ー棍,秋天吃ー顿,现在像《霍元甲》主题歌里唱的: ’沉睡百年,国人渐已醒,睁开眼吧,抬头看吧’,和几千年的小农生产方式决 裂了。”<br />
<br />
草店流行红裙子<br />
<br />
生活秩序、审美心理一见<br />
<br />
一走进草店大队,不时地看到ー些穿红裙子的姑娘,那么惹目。<br />
<br />
她们来自何方?<br />
<br />
两年前,党支部书记王明福六进天津请来ー个病休的女工程师,一下子给她涨 了 20级エ资（月工资300元,路费、生活费全包）,建起了一个染线厂。结果是:请 了一个人,办了一个厂,富了一个村。后来又在染线厂的基础上办起了羊毛衫厂。 整个草店的生活秩序改变了,实行生产责任制后的两个“剩余”（剩余劳カ、剩余时 间）变成了两个“紧张”,又从外村雇用了 500多劳カ,都是年轻的农村姑娘。<br />
<br />
这些来自南庄北瞳的姑娘们,ー开始是带着一些羞涩和矜持走上草店那带有 路灯的、25米宽的大路的。可是织布机很快改变了老ー辈留给她们的旧有的生活 节奏。她们不再像父辈们那样,日出而作,日落而息。这个“不夜村”里,她们见面 不再用父辈的“上山下山”,而是互相招呼着:“你夜班?”“你白班?”“你上班?”“你 下班?”每当说着的时候,你可以看出她们内心的自豪和欢悦。她们也像城里人ー 样,提兜里装上一个铝饭盒,吃饭的时候聚在ー起,说着班上的ー些事情。她们织 出的羊毛衫印上蓬莱阁图案,运到了东北、陕北、山西、河南……她们的审美观已不 满足于过去的头上插ー朵野花、扎ー根红头绳,现在她们用自己挣的工资买来了最 时兴的红裙子。<br />
<br />
去访问ー个穿红裙子的姑娘吧!<br />
<br />
她叫姜利华,是附近上口姜家大队社员,今年21岁,她胖乎乎的,生着ー个端 正的小翘鼻子,头发梳成两个“把把”,发梢是烫过的,显得很有韵致。<br />
<br />
“你为什么到这里来?”<br />
<br />
“不愿意在家种地。”她爽直地向我笑笑,胖胖的手来回搓着。<br />
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“家里分那么几亩地,也用不着闺女家,还有她哥,她爹。”陪伴我的离职老队 长在ー边插言。<br />
<br />
“你打算在这里干到什么时候?”<br />
“干到エ厂’黄’了的时候……不’黄'就在这里干!”<br />
<br />
“你去年收入了多少?”<br />
<br />
“1010块,年底开支一大摞,没敢往家喊（拿）,公社信用社在这里,存了活期, 存折交给俺爹……”<br />
<br />
“你花钱怎么办?”<br />
<br />
“问俺爹要……哎呀,你记这些干什么?让人家笑话。”<br />
<br />
“你爹妈高兴吧?”<br />
<br />
老队长:“他们当然高兴,她ー个人挣的顶他们全家!”<br />
<br />
姑娘抿嘴一笑:“以前俺上下班骑俺二姐的自行车,今年俺爹托人上北沟买了 辆'金鹿’。他说:’华,这辆车子就是你的了,好好骑。’俺回家一干活他就说:’不 用不用,你去睡觉吧。’大姐二姐都不如我。上夜班带饭,俺妈都非给两个鸡蛋 拿着。”<br />
<br />
老队长:“你看看那些上夜班的闺女,哪个不拿鸡蛋?早先还有她们的?都是 早晨打给她爹她哥吃了。”<br />
<br />
“明天王绪庙会,俺妈说给俺和嫂子一人20元钱,再添些夏天衣裳。”<br />
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老队氏:“还添衣裳！如今的姑娘家,哪个的衣裳都是一身一身的。也不嫌衣 裳多了生虫子!”<br />
<br />
“出去旅游过吗?”<br />
<br />
“还没有!”<br />
<br />
老队长:“可不喜去,一点好处也没有。招远的ー帮子坐拖拉机上蓬莱阁,车翻 沟里去了,一下子死了俩！再说听景有景,看景没景。逛ー趟泰山来回得花ー百 多,还不如在家里喝100斤酒!”<br />
<br />
姑娘没有吭声,也许她自有主张。<br />
<br />
回到招待所里,我思绪不能平息。过去这个村子是蓬（莱）黄（县）公路上的ー 个马车店,因兼卖草料而得名“草店”。至今老人们还能背下流传几辈子的歌谣: “草店穷,穷草店,吃水要走二里半,去时穿花鞋,回时露鸭蛋（后脚跟）,有女不嫁 穷草店。”从歌谣中的“花鞋”二字猜测,这歌谣一定是受尽了苦楚的妇女们编出来 的。而今妇女们进草店也不是那么容易了。王明福规定,来草店做エ的姑娘除了 要经过考试外,模样不耐看的不要,个头不高的不要ーー来记者照相没有机器高那 还行吗?以后不光要会说中国话,还要会说外国话的一这里常有外宾来。<br />
<br />
在我门ロー边,有一个卖杂货的摊贩,五十多岁年纪,戴着ー副眼镜,一条眼镜 腿断了,是用麻线拴在耳朵上的。在那些杂七杂八的货摊上,竟还摆放着一本《性 的知识》,书的后面被老汉用钢笔把“0.32元”改为“0.45元”。黄昏,ー个穿红裙 子的姑娘匆匆走过我的窗前,她向四周瞥了一眼,丢下一元钱,拿起那本书,就红着 脸跑开了。<br />
<br />
她们渴望了解世界,也渴望了解自身!<br />
<br />
尽管还带着一点羞涩。<br />
<br />
我看到老汉并未打算给姑娘找零钱,而是从屁股下的木箱里又拿出了一本《性 的知识》,摆在原处,好像是唯一的一本。<br />
<br />
文明,又被蒙上了不文明的尘埃。生活中的ー些事情,往往是这样以多种色调 出现的。<br />
<br />
村庄里的都市<br />
<br />
——金钱观念一瞥<br />
<br />
解放上海的时候,在广东同乡会门口的马路上,露天睡着我27军81师24I团 的一个年轻的机枪手,他有一米八的个子,打着绑腿,怀里抱着一挺“歪把子”。早 晨醒来,他看到那高大的楼门上挂着ー块牌子:“XX股份有限公司”。他好奇地 问班长,那是干什么的?班长答不上;问排长,排长也答不上。后来得知,那是资本 家集资做买卖......<br />
<br />
现在这个机枪手已经65岁了,他是孙陶大队“蔚阳农工商联合公司”总经 理ーー孙陶是烟台地区最早改为“公司”的大队。他毕竟不是当年的机枪手了,牙 齿脱落,嘴巴瘪瘪的,有点像画中的“太上老君”,而他的改革的某些方面也带有封 建家长制的色彩。在“农工商联合公司”的牌子旁边,还挂着ー块“村政府”的大牌 子。他的穿戴也是几个时代混合着:上身着旧蓝布褂,下身穿军裤,脚上却跋拉着 泡沫拖鞋。左右上衣兜甩齐插ー支钢笔,显得不伦不类。窗外则同时传来机耕声 和豆腐梆子声。<br />
<br />
“老李呀,一句话,我抓钱!过去咱总怕钱烧手,现在重点搞经济建设,这个观 念不转不行!我现在四个经理部:农业经理部、エ副业加工经理部、商业经理部、供 销经理部。农业经理部下设机械、饲养、技术队、林业队、二林队、鸡场、菜园子、花 场……エ副业加工部下设木业、石子场、预制件厂、面粉厂、挂面厂、铸造厂、刀具 厂、酿造厂……商业经理部下设中医、缝纫、塑料厂、冷食店、浴池、饭店、商店、糕 点、面包厂、水果、牙科诊所、照相馆……应有尽有,我要把孙陶建成个小城市,小上 海。”我赞同地说:“你这里成了村庄里的都市了 !”<br />
<br />
他接下去:“你刚オ去洗澡了,我那个浴池怎么样?比你们济南不差吧!花了 <br />
9万块!全是瓷砖铺地,从这里到黄县25里,到蓬莱40里,没有浴池!现在两毛五 ー个票,社员不用到河沟里洗澡了。青年妇女最愿意洗澡了,她们愿干净,过去都 在晚上到河里洗一洗。凡来洗澡的人都说这是个好事!”<br />
<br />
“牙科、照相、水果这些小门面能盈多少利?”<br />
<br />
“盈利不多,可碎金子也是金子呀!我的包子铺商号叫‘半分利’,它有吸引 力,喝茶水不要钱,都愿来。茶水喝多了,刮肚子,肚子空落落的,就要吃包子,不吃 包子,尿尿也是咱的肥料。别看这个小店,一年纯利润ー万四五千。”<br />
<br />
老经理好动,坐在沙发上讲着,不时探出身子拍打一下我的脚面:<br />
<br />
“人是钱架的,鳖是水架的。过去是越穷越革命,老鹰拴在鳖脖子上,有能耐也 飞不起来！现在,为了抓钱,我还搞了个’集体入股’。最小十元一股,多者千元一 股。农民攒钱怕人,这样入股,提高了集体主义思想,他觉得公司也有他的ー份。 我带头入了一万元的股。股金分红按四六。彭真讲'把社会上资金集中起来,长期 使用’,做事要有上面精神,打起官司来有说头。’肥水不外流’嘛！我还向你们牟 平李德海介绍过这个法儿。”<br />
<br />
我说:“这种做法合适吗?”<br />
<br />
他并不理会我:“上头财政把得那么死,我们自己为什么不能搞活点?反正在 这个小村里我说了算。不宾（佩）服?谁的老婆在家干吗我都知道！我宾服李德 海这个人,有经济头脑。前ー阵子传谣言,说李德海被抓起来了,罪名是什么?’强 奸妇女’!当时我就不信。”他忽然压低声音,“别说他那么大的家业忙得没有心 思,就是有那个心思,像他这样的英雄还用强奸?……”<br />
<br />
对这话,我只能报以苦笑。<br />
<br />
神秘的登州商行<br />
<br />
——信息观念及其他<br />
<br />
如果有人每年花3万元租金在城里租ー层宾馆,你一定会感到不可思议,如果 这个人是ー个走出磨道的农民,那你更会惊奇不已！<br />
<br />
这是乡下农民进城办的ー个商行。宾馆门口“登州商行”四个钢铁铸的大字, 是花800元从青岛请了著名书法家写的。曾几何时,高晓声笔下的陈奂生在县城 的宾馆里闹出了一通又一通的笑话,这个“登州商行”里是否还有陈奂生这样的农 民呢?<br />
<br />
我在这个商行的总经理室见到的第一个人物是位20岁出头的姑娘,她叫吴鸿 岩,圆胖胖的脸,扎两个把把,眉眼中带有农村姑娘的憨厚和灵秀<br />
<br />
我进门时,她正俯在ー个大书案上从四十多份报刊中检索,把有关商品信息的 部分剪贴起来。有些报刊是我从来没见过的:《上海译报》《上海物资市场》《致富 报》《市场周报》《经济预测》《农村金融》《深圳特区报》《湖南经济报》……<br />
<br />
“你是秘书吗?”我发问。<br />
<br />
“没有那么大,是文书。”她赧然一笑。<br />
<br />
当知道我是职业创作员时,她竟和我从文学角度探讨起社会问题:“你说现在 农民身上有没有阿Q精神?”<br />
<br />
我一下子回答不上来。<br />
<br />
她认真地说:“我一直在想这个问题。阿Q精神是有的。农民和土地绑在ー 块儿,受了欺侮也走不出去,就得自己安慰自己。有时候没有阿Q精神就活不 下去。”<br />
<br />
这话不是在《文艺报》组织的农村题材座谈会上,而是出自ー个穷乡僻壤的农 村姑娘之ロ!<br />
<br />
她的哥哥吴鸿康走进来了,他是这个商行的副经理,也ー起参与“农民政治经 济学”的讨论:“农村有些干部很像’土皇帝’!责任制某种意义上就是分散他们的 权カ,冲破旧的组合!为什么责任制受到群众那么拥护?不值得干部思考吗?我 们为什么进城?就是为了摆脱大队给我们的束缚！人挪活,树挪死。我们出来不 是为挣钱的,为了干ー番事业给他们看看!”<br />
<br />
吴鸿岩插话说:“农民进城办商行,免不了带有农民的痕迹。有了成绩容易满 足,遇到挫折容易灰心丧气,办事不讲效率,拖拖拉拉。我们总经理对职员要求:农 民进城必须去掉农民意识,搞商品流通,散漫不行。现在是信息时代,ー些农民的 旧习气不改,根本搞不好商品生产和商品流通。光蓬莱,我们这样的商行就有九 家,农民办的就有三家,竞争很厉害,不抓紧能行吗?我们搞正规化,每天五点半起 床,跑步;六点钟回来,自学半个小时;七点开饭;七点半上班;中午十一点半下 班……晚上九点又和全国各地办事处打电话,互通信息。”<br />
<br />
神秘的登州商行！<br />
<br />
总经理侯日超出场了,夹着黑色皮包,穿着一身笔挺的西服,他40岁出头,方 方的额头,深深的眼窝,尖下巴,眼角有道道血丝,脸上表情淡漠,却隐示着ー种坚 毅。这个农民似乎是从地平线下突然冒出来的,不,确切地说,他是从土地里走出 来的,他大胆地割断了与土地的“脐带”,把承包的16亩责任田,全部转包给别人, 只要转包户每年向他全家每人提供200斤小麦、100斤花生,他用国家牌价购买,而 他和妻子都投身于这个商行的工作。<br />
他走出土地,同时也走出了自己的历史。作为ー个农民,他推过车,挑过担子, 整过“大寨田”,当过生产队长,还曾被评选为民兵“学习毛主席著作积极分子”。 他好读书,好文娱,好搞创新性的玩意儿。当瓦匠,半年就掌尺,因为老瓦匠们舍不 得花钱买工具,而他知道石家庄的泥板是最好的。村里搞剧团,他鼓鼓捣捣,组织 起十来个人的小乐队。“文革”开始他又学会扎针,社员有个头痛脑热,不上公社 医院,来找他。1983年承包橡胶厂,发了财,三个支部委员和一个大队长,天天去 抢账,他ー气之下走出了村庄……<br />
<br />
现在登州商行有四十多个职エ,大都是在村里待得压抑的农民。侯日超ー跃 成为商行经理,下分经理办公室、供销科、总务科、财务科、信息科、エ业科,现在分 别在大连、沈阳、天津、北京、上海、青岛、哈尔滨等大城市派设有办事处和信息员。<br />
<br />
信息观念在他们身上的建立,使我惊叹不已。<br />
<br />
“搞商品流通,必须到经济发达的地方去办,经济发达的地方文化也发达,文化 发达的地方,消费也发达,这样才能正确地了解市场。过去是秀才不出门,便知天 下事,那是靠读书,现在光靠书本不行了,等书印出来,什么信息也晚了三秋。现在 信息手段很多,电话、电报、广播、报纸、电视、联络网、社会交往。生产カ发展的历 史,就是交往不断扩大的历史……马克思讲人与人之间的关系,是经济基础的核 心,只有有了人与人之间的关系,才能去创造财富。现在我们采用了广泛联系的方 针,在经济学上叫'广泛联合’,我们在这里是经营中心,在全国伸出了若干条腿, 借助各地大中心,发挥咱小中心的作用。这叫’经济横向联系’。”他随手撕下ー张 印刷的信息调查报告表,说,“在外的办事员、信息员、供销员定期ー个月寄回两 次。”这表上有物品种类、价格、规格型号、数量、信息编号、市场形势、预测分析, “我们还准备搞密码,考虑到经济信息要保密。我们还聘请了法律顾问、经济顾问、 政策顾问。”<br />
<br />
在我面前的,绝不是“闰土”和“陈奂生” 了 !<br />
<br />
我顺手抓起一份信息剪报,在“山东莱芜羊里公社,可收获优质大蒜4万斤寻 求销路”这一段文字下面有红笔标示。<br />
<br />
“你们准备买大蒜吗?”我问。<br />
<br />
“香港八汇有限公司找我们订了 300吨,照国家外贸价。”<br />
<br />
“他们去莱芜联系过了吗?”<br />
<br />
“没有。大蒜价格还要落,现在去联系价格不好商量。”<br />
<br />
“你何以预测出大蒜要落价?”<br />
<br />
“第一个信息,今年蒜薰多,蒜薰丰收,大蒜也必然丰收。现在买是我们求他,<br />
<br />
将来买是他来求我!”<br />
<br />
其机敏可见一斑。<br />
<br />
“我们搞的代购代销,是商品流通的一种形式,是市场调节的手段。现在我们 也考虑办エ厂,先上纸箱厂、饮料厂、瓷雕厂、裘装厂一这个是和外商合办的。还 准备买专利……等到1985年可以打个漂亮仗,纯收入拿500万,向国家提供600 万元税收。蓬莱缺大旅馆,外国人来了还要回烟台去住。我们准备盖个十三层的 高级旅馆,要有占地100亩的高尔夫球场,将来蓬莱以它特有的条件一蓬莱阁成 为烟台的贸易中心,吸引外商。他不了解你这些人,怎么投资?”<br />
<br />
他回身用拇指指指墙上的彩色挂历,那是一幅夏威夷海滩浴场的照片:“你看 这夏威夷海滨,我们蓬莱为什么不能搞成这样?”<br />
<br />
他的笑容中或有当年“乐队队长”的率直和快乐。<br />
<br />
“中国的革命,在某种意义上说是农民的革命,可是农民还没有得到应有的利 益。三中全会解决了这个问题,现在政策允许你的思维发展。过去在农村是智力 高的伺候智力低的。古话说:出头椽子先烂,烂也是ー辈子。不要珍惜你的生命, ー千岁又怎么样?要珍惜社会贡献……有人说我们吹牛X。随他!过去说吹牛X 不纳税,现在吹牛X得纳税,不信试试!”<br />
<br />
第四章在历史的接合部上<br />
<br />
是的,无数个瞬间,组成了人类历史的长河。<br />
<br />
历史学家在研究历史的时候,没有忽视“瞬间”这个历史的“微粒”。战争的决 胜,国家的兴衰,在某个瞬间所引起的质变:项羽鸿门宴却步于樊哙之勇,司马懿ー 念败退于诸葛亮的空城计,希特勒对盟军诺曼底登陆之失算……历史往往在某个 瞬间悄悄地开始了一个时代。国家、民族的命运是这样,个人的命运也是这样。但 历史毕竟是个记忆衰退的老人,它向后人叙述的,大都是些概念,而文学,却需要到 光阴之河里去捕捞无数充满感情色彩的细节,组成它的艺术生命。趁历史还没有 走远,我们还来得及去回首看ー看那打着时代变革印记的无数个瞬间。<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他们像没娘的孩子<br />
<br />
困惑篇<br />
<br />
“辛辛苦苦30年,一夜回到解放前！呜呜呜……”<br />
<br />
烟台地区责任制的巨大闸门终于被撬动起来之时,在栖霞县ー个山沟的野布<br />
<br />
大队办公室里,7个党支部委员对着毛主席的画像伤心地哭了起来。<br />
<br />
他们平均55岁,7个人中有6个当过八路军、3个二等残疾军人一个个是共 产党的忠诚战士。这里是革命老区,许世友司令员曾住在附近的东下布。他们给 子弟兵缝过军装,养过伤员……是社会主义救了这个旧社会有名的“叫花子布”， 今天有了果园,有了水库,有了马车,有了柴油机和拖拉机……<br />
<br />
这些家业,都是他们听毛主席的话带领群众创出来的。今天毛主席订的某些 章程要更改了,是在他老人家已经不在了的时候……<br />
<br />
“呜呜呜……”老年人的哭声是悲怆的。<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他痛苦地否定了自己<br />
<br />
省悟篇<br />
<br />
这是个倔老头儿!<br />
<br />
他很少服输。“文化大革命”中一连斗了他33次,在黄县,造反派都说他磨山 迟家是“小台湾”,而他迟本达,就是顽固不化的“蒋光头”。在批斗大会上,“造反 派”踢他ー脚,他当即回敬一拳,硬是把“造反派”给打散了。后来,他磨山迟家成 了“红色革命根据地”,县里的老干部,干社会主义的“铁柱子”,每天有几百人在这 里吃饭。现在他大小机械100多台,汽车3辆,拖拉机6台,果园!000亩,还搞不 过你的“大包干”?他有空就悄悄往邻队地里一蹲,不是去学习,而是挑刺儿。<br />
<br />
和共和国同龄的县委书记杜世成,苦口婆心来劝说:“还是搞责任制好,700户 社员,就有700个’队长’,专业化、社会化是今后的方向。”<br />
<br />
老头儿不服劲儿,又不得不做出样子,把大锅饭改成“中锅饭”,ー个大队分成 两个,12个生产队分成了 24个生产组,中央不是说“多种形式”吗?<br />
<br />
年底公社列表张榜,挂到会议室正面墙上,迟本达不敢过去正视,因为磨山迟 家这个一向当“领头雁”的,一下子变成了尾巴梢子,简直令人不敢相信,却又是千 真万确的事实!<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,老头子垂下了白花花的脑袋,却装着用手去搔头……<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他失明的双目透进了阳光<br />
<br />
——信仰篇<br />
<br />
掖县是烟台地区的“西南大门”,紧挨着责任制搞得较早的昌潍地区。当初有 的领导同志曾提出:“掖县要挡住西南风!”<br />
<br />
ー个双目失明的瘦小老人点着ー根七尺长的竹竿走出来了,他是掖县过西乡 <br />
徐家大队的当家人徐斌。这个双目失明的人当了 30多年支部书记,他用一根竹竿 探路,带着全村600多户人家,两千多口子人,从昨天走到今天。<br />
<br />
一切都是摸索过来的。这或许反映了中国农民在特殊条件下的历史进程!<br />
<br />
他是怎样把徐家大队领成一个“先进”啊一竹竿上刻着尺寸,翻过的地,他 要逐块去量一量,看是否够深度。社员剜谷苗,他要去摸一摸稀疏。到后来,有的 社员锄地光锄地头,糊弄他这个瞎汉,他检查生产,不得不点着ー根竹竿,向青纱帐 深处走去。过去,这ー些被当作先进事迹,在各种会议上介绍,那其实是ー种多么 深刻的悲剧,ー种多么令人痛心的象征! !<br />
<br />
他率先实行了生产责任制。用竹竿捅破那长期以来形成的不符合实际情况的 固有观念!<br />
<br />
他率先发展了商品生产,办起了糖厂、面粉加工厂、冰库（这是我见到的第一座 农民冰库）、修配厂……<br />
<br />
他不能看电影,却在全公社修起了第一座带座位的农民影院;他不能看书,却 办起了有数千册藏书的图书馆;他没有孩子在身边,却修起了连联合国的考察团也 为之咋舌的幼儿园。<br />
<br />
他看不见色彩,却在创造着彩色的生活！<br />
<br />
王济夫带着《烟台日报》的总编辑刘鹏雁来到这里,激动不已,对总编辑说: “掖县有了领头人,发个头条!”<br />
<br />
理解,你是阳光,把心灵的阴影驱散。<br />
<br />
徐斌像保存家珍似的把这份剪报贴在ー个本子上。<br />
<br />
“还有磁带,是中央电台录制的,我拿给你听听。”他瞎瞎摸摸,挪动着瘦瘦的 身躯,哼着小调,把磁带装到录音机里,按动开关,于是,关于他生命的信息,从女广 播员那脆亮而充满感情的播音中传达出来:<br />
<br />
“《当你回首往事的时候》……”<br />
<br />
我坐在他的侧面,看到他仍然沉浸在广播员那动情的朗诵之中。我看到了黑 镜片后面那畸形的深陷的眼窝,像两个喷发过岩浆的火山口,他的嘴在微微翕动 着。仅存无几的睫毛上沾着水汽,红红的眼窝嚙满了泪水,那心灵的潮汛终于汇集 成一股水流,向下淌去……<br />
<br />
我上车时,他伸出瘦瘦的手来向前摸索着,我知道他是在寻找我,要和我握别。<br />
<br />
我握着他的手,久久不愿松开。<br />
<br />
在这一瞬间我想到:痛苦在于我们这些不失明的人,让ー个失明的战士为我们 探路！<br />
<br />
他是在用心看着道路。<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他求告无望,横下一条心<br />
<br />
励志篇<br />
<br />
笑容,你来得是那么容易的吗?<br />
<br />
谭绪佑离开“大锅饭”时也感到过无所适从,过去的一切都是队上的“父母官” 包揽,现在,他这瘦巴巴、ー头卷发的汉子要自己去闯生活之路。<br />
<br />
到淄博去,嫂表弟建议他上个小作坊,生产“浮球式比重仪”,那是一家研究所 设计的新产品。谭绪佑壮着胆子接回来试制,二十天后带着五只样品去了,研究所 ー鉴定,竟然惊奇不已:“这是你们搞的吗?国营厂三个月拿出来算快的!”<br />
<br />
“武宁电器厂”的牌子在这个偏远的滨海村庄挂起来了,赞同的目光,惊讶的 目光,疑问的目光,嫉妒的目光都投向这个白漆黑字的木牌牌。<br />
<br />
ー个夜晚,木牌牌不翼而飞。<br />
<br />
扛走木牌的人显然不是因为缺柴烧。<br />
<br />
木牌不值多少钱,可那是门面啊,打人还不打脸呢。<br />
<br />
谭绪佑去报告“父母官”,路上看到大队仓库的后窗被人撬了,他怀着对集体 的感情,ー并做了报告。<br />
<br />
当天下午,队上的仓库后窗就派人钉上了,谭绪佑却在家等,等,等……<br />
<br />
谭绪佑猛然省悟到什么,跺跺脚,自己做了一个沉甸甸的大铁牌子,焊上挂柱, 垒进墙里去了。<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他怒发冲冠,破门而出<br />
<br />
求索篇<br />
<br />
是铁,就要经受锤炼。<br />
<br />
有人向黄县平里院大队书记战学忠介绍,平陵县有一套设备,能使粉渣酿出 酒来。<br />
<br />
年轻的书记被这桩便宜买卖迷住了,花五万元钱把这套设备买了下来,由那边 派师傅帮助安装。<br />
<br />
一天、两天、三天……<br />
<br />
ー个月、两个月、三个月 <br />
<br />
社员们眼巴巴地望着,等着出酒哩。<br />
<br />
可是酒总出不来。<br />
<br />
战学忠打电报叫对方厂长来,杳无讯息。<br />
<br />
那天早上,忽然有人告诉战学忠:那两位“人质”跑了。<br />
<br />
战学忠赶去ー看,果然人走屋空,留在酒厂的设备,成了一堆废铁!<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,战学忠血冲脑门,狠狠擂动着门板,他意识到被骗了。牵线人和平 陵厂方合谋,把ー套毫无价值的设备坑给了他们。<br />
<br />
5万元哪,平里院的父老姊妹口挪肚省的血汗钱哪!<br />
<br />
战学忠带着合同到县经济法庭控告,花15元钱打印了一份诉状,直奔平陵县。<br />
<br />
平陵县的法庭庭长回家收责任田的小麦去了。<br />
<br />
战学忠在旅馆等了七天,后来终于见到了法庭庭长,庭长说:“办成办不成,先 交2500元的手续费,相当你损失的百分之五。”<br />
<br />
他已几乎囊空如洗!<br />
<br />
战学忠直接找到了工厂里,厂里的人告诉他,厂长换了,不能办!<br />
<br />
痛苦,已经超出了经济的范畴。<br />
<br />
那个“一瞬间”成了一服明目的良药,使这个!978年オ认识火车的“乡巴佬” 学会了商品生产的市场调查、信誉调查。<br />
<br />
北京王府井商场ー块“电动剃须刀无货”的牌子,使他跑遍了南京、杭州、无 锡、上海,亲自写出了一份三万言的电动剃须刀商品调查报告,接着把落满伤心泪 的烧酒车间改成了电器车间,前后不到8个月。第一批电动剃须刀组装起来,拿到 县里去鉴定,那些长着大胡子的局长、科长还不识其为何物！<br />
<br />
平里院电器总厂的大牌子就这样堂而皇之地挂起来了。年产!〇万只,畅销!1 个省市,年获利润12万元。<br />
<br />
战学忠,这个曾受过骗的农民企业家两眼闪动着智慧之光,ー边和我吃着自制 的牛奶冰棍,ー边给我讲着“企业经”和“做人经” 〇<br />
<br />
“我们乡镇企业是’游击队’,打ー枪换ー个地方。国营办ー个厂子,光厂房连 批带盖得一两年,咱有间房子先干起来,等你厂房盖起来,咱产品又更新了。乡镇 企业,必须看市场什么最活,最快……市场变化一天一个样,甚至一个钟头ー个样。 商品的竞争,是技术的竞争,信息的竞争,也是时间的竞争,有技术不用,转眼成了 旧技术,一切都在更新换代。我们队办エ业现在是由密集型到分散型一好多エ 序在社员家里 <br />
<br />
“咱平里院人是有志气的。县里调我我不去,不是干不了,也不是因为待遇,我 舍不得这么多好群众。在我有生之年,一定要给他们闯出一条路来,让贫穷、愚昧 的状况一去不复返,让那些为革命献出血和汗的群众不再寒心。现在大队二十六<br />
<br />
户烈属,每年补他们每户2000元。现在平里院再不是让人瞧不起的时候了。”<br />
<br />
第五章属于自己的日子<br />
<br />
1984年初夏,中南海紫光阁毗邻的ー间办公室里,我和人民文学杂志社的周 明同志、王南宁同志,以及女作家张洁,坐在一位长者的对面,听他谈农村体制改革 的有关问题。他讲话的时候,用手拨动着写字台上的一个玲珑的地球仪:<br />
<br />
“如果说中国的农业改革出现了奇迹,它的秘密在什么地方?我认为在’家 庭’两个字。这是逼出来的。现在我们千万不能把家庭经营的基础搞掉。从农业 上来说,在发达国家,大量存在的是家庭农场。加拿大家庭农场占百分之九十以 上,在美国,取得效益最大的也是家庭农场。社会的发展,还受家庭发展的制约。 中国的基本国情是家庭这个细胞根深蒂固。几个家庭结合在ー起,就不如一个家 庭发展快 <br />
<br />
“中国农村的自然半自然、自给半自给的传统经营方式,将要被摧毁。ー个巨 大的、繁荣的中国农村市场将要在世界上出现!<br />
<br />
“太平洋经济时代将要到来!世界的经济重心将从欧洲移到亚洲。在中国将 要出现一条黄金海岸……”<br />
<br />
他又转动了一下地球仪,世界在迅速地旋转着。<br />
<br />
我踏着旋转的地球,从紫光阁下走进了胶东的一座座农屋……<br />
<br />
兄弟们<br />
<br />
——关于性文化<br />
<br />
国外一位学者说过,只有当一个男人和一个女人结合在ー起的时候オ是ー个 完整的人,这也许就是某些长期过独身生活的人为什么在个性上存有某种怪癖的 原因。<br />
<br />
我见到已经40岁的满玉贵时,他刚从滑石坑里爬上来。这个滑石专业户身上 沾着白色的滑石粉,坐在那里,没有笑容,没有表情,没有言语,只是闷头抽着 烟一他已被生活的雕刀雕刻成一个早衰的“滑石人”！<br />
<br />
满家是有名的“光棍堂”,兄弟三个,加一个老父亲。三间草屋住着四个光棍, 没有空间容纳异性。<br />
<br />
大队干部像在为ー块化石做讲解:“……咱村守着滑石山,过去不让开,后来王 济夫书记在喇叭里号召大伙儿勤劳致富,弟兄三个去年干了一年,成了万元户……<br />
<br />
是不是玉贵?”<br />
<br />
满玉贵抬起头来,不正眼看人,“嗯”了一声,又闷下头去。<br />
<br />
“去年盖了四间新瓦房,老六说上了媳妇。先弟弟,后哥哥……是不是玉贵?”<br />
<br />
这话半带戏谑,满玉贵脖子转了转,没有吱声。<br />
<br />
满玉贵也曾有过美好的青春年华,身上充满了生命的汁水。可是,当他进入 “青春发育期”的同时,也进入了“饥寒交迫期”。那一年,老五得了“老虎卡”死在 医院里,交不上住院费,医院不让往回拉尸首,一家人四处求借,又把一 口半大猪卖 掉,オ把小尸首拉回来。没几天老三得了同样的病,医院干脆拒之门外,活活死在 家里了。<br />
<br />
从那,900元的债务一直压得四条汉子直不起腰来。<br />
<br />
一位心理学家说,青年期的本能发动是青年人格再造的契机。面前端坐不动 的满玉贵,不正是由于两种饥饿、两种压抑造成的性格的变形吗?<br />
<br />
“你们都帮帮他的忙啊!”我对众人说。<br />
<br />
有人插话:“前天邻村一个治保主任坐拖拉机摔死了,撇下媳妇和两个孩子。”<br />
<br />
我说:“抓紧给办!”<br />
<br />
ー个笑容在满玉贵脸上闪过,充满羞涩,也充满向往,像乌云遮蔽的天空忽然 显出的一道霞光,把ー个秘密也透露出来一前些年由于物质生活的匮乏,这个老 光棍已经断了娶亲的念头,现在的致富之路又唤起了他的阳刚萌动,“死灰复燃”。 不久前,县里开专业户代表大会,满玉贵特意去做了一身料子服,他要像个人样地 走在女同胞面前！<br />
<br />
今天的性文化尚受着经济的制约。当我们清算“左”的路线对中国农村造成 的挫伤时,很少把性——这ー具有人类意义的事情考虑在内！<br />
<br />
“你要去坑里看看吗?就早一些……”满玉贵面孔对着我,眼睛却不看我。<br />
<br />
我随他下到了深深的滑石坑里,那里面又潮湿又黑暗,有些地方要趴下身子オ 能过得去。<br />
<br />
他每天就下到这里面,跪在地上,用镐头ー下下刨掘着,然后用辘伊绞上去。 那是对自己命运的刨掘,对失去年华的刨掘,他要从那里面寻找出失落的希望吗?<br />
<br />
回到满玉贵家来,76岁的老父亲气喘吁吁地对我说:“早年给玉贵提亲的也 有,一打听,弟兄多,不干;这几年有提的,问有房吗? 一听还没盖,又不干。哥哥没 有,弟弟也不找,两个都误下了……这眼下钱不愁了,俺打算再盖他八间房,给老大 和老二娶上媳妇,俺也就没心事啦。”<br />
<br />
对面是老六的新房。<br />
那是沙漠里的一片绿洲,那是一座不会幻灭的“海市蜃楼”！<br />
<br />
新房是ー个诱人的红火的世界。顶棚上裱着粉红色的花纸,坑上放着火红花 被。屋子里到处都是“花”:花瓶里插着的,镜子上挂着的,塑料花盆里“开”着的, 还有缝纫机上蒙着的……玻璃板下压着小夫妻到大连旅游结婚留下的合影。有一 幅是在圆明园“创造世界”的石碑下照的。新房充满了温馨的气息。<br />
<br />
新媳妇从山上回来了,她粗壮,健康,圆圆的脸盘,双眼皮,长得很喜相,而且, 她的腹部已经微微隆起……<br />
<br />
她走进了这个家庭,不但实现了一个“人”的个性的和谐与完美,也给这个濒 于破灭的家庭带来了生气和活力。<br />
<br />
新媳妇在炕前叠着从院里收回的一堆衣服,不时用目光瞟一下陌生的客人。<br />
<br />
而满玉贵站在门外,一直没有踏进这个“世界”,也从不看他的弟媳一眼,只顾 闷头抽着烟。阳光下,他的脸有几分涨红。<br />
<br />
他站在幸福的门外,<br />
<br />
丢掉了钥匙。<br />
<br />
他在等待着,<br />
<br />
寻找钥匙的人归来……<br />
<br />
姊妹们<br />
<br />
——关于女性的尊严<br />
<br />
这是在著名的“金城天府”招远县城里,ー个“姊妹理发店”的招牌,受委屈似 的挂在凹进去的街面上。<br />
<br />
这招牌引起我的好奇心:“这是农村来的个体户吧?”<br />
<br />
陪同我的同志神秘地朝我摆摆手:“别提它了!”<br />
<br />
“怎么回事?”<br />
<br />
“不正经……卖淫。”<br />
<br />
“这不会!”我不知为什么一下子就站在她们的立场上,“光天化日之下,怎么 可能呢?再说有街道,有公安。”<br />
<br />
“街上都这么说。”<br />
<br />
“你见过吗?”<br />
<br />
“没有。”<br />
<br />
“我们下午去理理发吧!”<br />
<br />
“不 我不去〇”<br />
<br />
下午,我们还是ー起去了。但陪同我的同志跨进姊妹理发店时的神色是紧张 的,还下意识地回身看了一下是否有熟人瞧见。<br />
<br />
屋里的理发设施ー应俱全。墙上挂着《大众电影》《大众电视》《人民文学》和 ー些小人书。长案上放着ー些摇铃、汽车、吹塑动物等儿童玩具,长案下面还放着 ー些雨伞。经营者的慧心可鉴。<br />
<br />
三姊妹身穿白色的工作服,正忙于刀剪声中。她们的年龄在16至25岁之间。 都生得白皙、苗条。老大温柔、沉静,烫着“波浪式老二留着“波卷式”,看得出性 格比较活泼、伶俐;老三是“青年式”,嘴角上含着一股刚强之气。她们的目光一直 低垂着,里面藏着沉重的东西。<br />
<br />
大姐理完了一个,淡淡地望了我ー下,那就是她的语言了。我过去坐定后,主 动和她搭讪:<br />
<br />
“你们是从哪里来的?”<br />
<br />
“陈家沙埠。”她很矜持。<br />
<br />
“家里几口人?”<br />
<br />
“七 口。”<br />
<br />
“分了多少责任田?”<br />
<br />
“三亩。”<br />
<br />
“种地怎么办?”<br />
<br />
“农忙了回去。”<br />
<br />
“吃饭呢?”<br />
<br />
“原来从家里带,现在买着吃。”<br />
<br />
“住在哪里呢?”<br />
<br />
她乜了一眼镜子里的我,冷冷地:“城里。”便垂下眼皮,不愿再回答我的问话。<br />
<br />
姑娘,你不要误解了文学,生活走到哪里,文学就跟到哪里。它愿做每ー个生 命的守护神,为她艰难的跋涉喊一声号子,为她暗夜的寻觅送ー支烛光。姑娘,愿 意向我打开你的心扉吗?<br />
<br />
姑娘的名字叫郝朝霞,两个妹妹叫郝彩霞和郝丽霞。这是霞光一样美丽的名 字,却落在ー个贫穷的村庄里。干部走马灯似的换了一茬又一茬,到如今村里一个 ェ副业项目也没有。队里规定:凡是劳动カ都得向大队交费用。男劳カ每年交二 百,女劳力每年交一百（这和那些商品生产发展比较好的大队,给予农田补贴形成 <br />
了鲜明的对比）。她们家欠着队里600多元的账,郝朝霞初中毕业后,只得辍学回 村,跟着当理发员的父亲学起了理发……<br />
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“姊妹理发店”的牌子在招远县城挂起来了!那店牌牌上的字是干了一辈子 理发营生的老父亲亲手写的。<br />
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农村姑娘进城办第三产业,这本身就是一种挑战,向国营企业的“铁饭碗”挑 战,向传统的习俗挑战!这种挑战必然要遇到传统势カ的反击。<br />
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她们按照美的原则去修剪着生活,而生活却把丑恶推到她们面前一<br />
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一群喝醉了酒的青工晚上闯进来,视这些农民的女儿如手心玩物,口出秽言; ー个心怀叵测的人把ー张纸条塞给姑娘,约她幽会;捕风捉影的谣言随之而起……<br />
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在中国,有什么比这种道德的飞短流长更能置人于死地?有人要把无形的裹 布重新缠到她们脚上。<br />
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这个小小的理发店,离县政府并不远。但愿妇联、共青团的目光早日注意到 她们!<br />
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临别时我对她们说:“你们可以把土地转让出去,专ー在城里从事这项工作,还 可以在城里买地皮、盖楼房,理直气壮地生活!”她们不时地发问:“这行吗? 行吗?”<br />
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行的!扬起头来吧,姐妹们!你们已经作为先进生产力的代表,走上了历史的 舞台！用你们手中的剪刀,去剪断传统束缚在你们身上的绳索。这是新的妇女运 动史！在韧性的抗争中,取得你们的自尊、自强、自重、自爱！<br />
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女性的尊严,在你们自身的创造之中！<br />
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夫妻们<br />
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关于夫妻关系<br />
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（夫妻关系ー:蘑菇,开门吧!）<br />
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他,姜希增,腰里掖上一头“猪”,千里迢迢去山西原平农学院找一位李教授。 他在《中国青年》上看到李教授关于食用猴头菌可以抑制癌症的文章,专程去拜 师一他的父亲和祖母都是因为癌症过世的。<br />
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他从山西买回了菌种,他回家来搞的试验却失败了。<br />
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妻子史春芝犯了胃溃疡,在炕上ー边哼哼一边抱怨:“家里穷得连饭都吃不上, 你把ー头猪胡摆治了……”<br />
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姜希增ー肚子火气正没处出,吼了一声:“老娘儿们家就会穷叨叨！”<br />
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这使史春芝大为伤心,她本来就满肚子委屈。当初和他结婚,那是冲他在外面<br />
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“吃国库粮”,指望跟他“跳农门”,上大城市。!961年工厂下马,他捧着个“光荣 证”回了乡。混不上吃,混不上穿,每年靠一位吃薪金的叔叔捎包旧衣裳、补贴20 块钱接济。两口子每有齟齬,史春芝总少不了一句传统骂语:“当初俺上了你 的当!，，<br />
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每听到这里,姜希增都不再吱声,好像这桩婚姻完全是由于他的骗局造成的。<br />
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他想再去ー趟山西,却筹集不起路费。<br />
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后来听说莱阳农学院也有微生物课程,便瞒着老婆骑上自行车去了,在学校大 门口见人就拦:“哪个老师教微生物?管种蘑菇?”<br />
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史春芝一天没有见到丈夫,心中好生纳闷,待傍晚看到他又傻呵呵带着ー些菌 种回来时,ー赌气关上了房门。<br />
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“他妈,开门吧!”<br />
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没有吱声,和旧生活告别的夜晚是凄冷的。<br />
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“蘑菇,开门吧!”<br />
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蘑菇向他把门敞开了!他在室内试种了 20平方米的蘑菇,获得了可喜的 收成!<br />
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姜希增又拿出半亩责任田来种植他的理想。1983年收入9000斤蘑菇,纯收入 5000多元;菌种收入3000多元。还有个收益是老婆的变化,她的胃溃疡竟然吃蘑 菇吃好了,脾气也变好了。<br />
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现在姜希增是胶东有名的“蘑菇状元”。他不仅在本村带起了十几个专业户, 还搞“技术输出”,应邀到各地做技术指导,光缴学费的学生就有60多人。<br />
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“他出去跑,家里这ー摊子就揭给我!”史春芝爽快地对我说。<br />
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“你会吗?”<br />
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“看也看会了！过去我不是反对他,是对经济不放心。孩子还上学,拉下饥荒 怎么办?现在他花3000多块钱买设备,我都不说他……”<br />
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姜希增自得地坐在“生当作人杰,死亦为鬼雄”的诗联下,他不但敲开了致富 之门,也在“拜师”的热潮中得到了一种精神的满足,ー种人格和道德的完善。现 在他反过来挑剔着妻子:“老娘儿们家眼光就是短浅,光认钱。有几个钱,又烧得 慌,要给孩子做’将军服’,你怎么不做个’元帅服’、做个蟒袍玉带?老百姓要穿老 百姓服!”<br />
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史春芝像个少女似的,嗔怪地瞧他一眼:“就你能!”把一杯浓茶摆到他面 前 <br />
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商品生产调节了这个家庭的夫妻关系,虽然它不免带一点“夫贵妻荣”的封建 <br />
色彩,但毕竟是靠自己的劳动换来的和谐和荣耀!<br />
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（夫妻关系二:空中丝绸之路）<br />
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我在牟平龙泉乡访问了一对年轻夫妇,他们乘坐飞机到西藏销售服装,开辟空 中“丝绸之路”,充满了传奇色彩。这不仅意味着他们的时间观念和生活方式的改 变,其中还包含着ー种象征:新一代农民在起飞。<br />
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小媳妇叫于政芳,今年23岁,她已经不甘于母亲那样的生活一把一双脚用 布裹起来,一生厮守着锅台和鸡窝。首先在“终身大事”上,她就挨弃了 “媒妁之 言,父母之命”的旧传统。<br />
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从我记事起,村里就有一些不断翻新的有关婚俗的儿歌:“小嫂小嫂快快长,长 大了跟村长,穿皮鞋嘎嘎响……”“ー个兜的靠边站,两个兜的看ー看,三个兜的叫 爹也干!”发展到近来已是:“收音机带相片儿（电视）,缝纫机带锁边儿,自行车带 冒烟儿,手表带跑星期天儿。”这些儿歌虽不能登大雅之堂,却在某种程度上反映了 经济变化对人们婚姻观的影响。<br />
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而今,姑娘们在寻找发展商品生产中涌现出来的能人。于政芳就是几年前到 威海给包工的农民做饭时,认识了“エ头”吕宝帅,主动求爱的。<br />
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我第一次去吕宝帅家访问,夫妇双双去温州做生意去了,只有外公带着小燕妮<br />
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（看来他们还是崇拜马克思的）在家看门。<br />
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我第二次访问见到了于政芳。她上着粉红色的确良夏衫,下着乳白色的百褶 裙,坐在折叠椅上。而炕头上横着ー个ー米多长的老式大枕头。<br />
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挺秀气、时髦的ー个姑娘,ー张ロ却不时显露出粗野一她保留着祖辈传下来 的ー些语汇:“驴XX进的”“妈拉个腿儿”……而ー提及夫妻关系,她总是说成“老 婆汉子” 〇<br />
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她讲起坐飞机的感受:“真舒服呀！开始上升的时候难受ー阵儿,飞平了什么 也觉不出来。云彩绒嘟嘟的,伸手就能抓住,就和画上的嫦娥奔月ー样……”乘了 几个来回的飞机,她体验了“嫦娥奔月”和“仙女下凡”的滋味。上百元一张的飞机 票,节省了 !4天的时间,这是他们的父辈所不具有的时间价值观。<br />
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“死了也闭眼了,不光坐了飞机,还坐了大轮船!”她说着,拿出一本大相册,那 上面有他们在各地的留影:有的在布达拉宫,有的在西湖苏堤,有的在上海南京路, 有的在天柱峰……那全是用自己的照相机照的,他们过着旅游式的生活。从这些 相片上可以看出ー个农村姑娘的演变,由“炊帚把”到烫着披肩发;由粗布衣到时 髦裙装……她自豪地说:“就差香港和台湾没去了！”我看到茶盘里堆着些废车票, 那是没有人给他们报销的<br />
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“现在还去西藏吗?”<br />
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“不去了,最后一趟让人坑了一下子。”她不愿讲被“坑”的详情,也不讲丈夫出 差去了哪里,忽然对着外屋喊了声:“凯乐!”（那是印度故事影片《奴里》中一条狗 的名字）接着一条大黄狗欢跳着跑进来。这个农民的女儿剥开ー块价值两盒火柴 的金纸奶糖,向空中一丢,大黄狗熟练地ー下咬到嘴里,甜甜地嚼起来。她接着又 剥开了第二块 <br />
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（夫妻关系三:青烟升处有人家）<br />
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1983年冬月,邢春香去江苏金湖县农机厂看望当临时エ的儿子,这是她第一 次出远门。<br />
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她在那里看到橡胶车间全是女工,活儿不累,也挺赚钱,设备只是ー个压カ板 和一个小烘炉。<br />
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邢春香带了几个橡胶制品回来,和老头子肖振竹商量:“咱办个家庭エ厂吧。” 老头子摇摇头说:“上哪弄资金?”邢春香说:“现在兴贷款,挣了再还!”老头子又愁 销路,邢春香说:“孩子有个干爹跑供销,能帮忙。再说一回生,两回熟,三回成了老 主顾。”老头子还愁没技术,邢春香说:“咱儿子就能当老师!”<br />
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经过一番筹措、铺排,第一批货出厂不久,嘎嚇嚇的票子就汇过来了,这一下小 山村轰动了!村里大闺女、小媳妇、壮小伙子都争着来当“工人”。现在这位老嫂 子自命为“经理”,讲话满口新名词儿:<br />
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“眼时咱体制小,用不了这么多人,资金也流动不开。<br />
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“这一次生产的都是汽车、火车上用的橡胶制品,销北京汽车装配公司,天津宏 光五金厂、吉林铁路上、银川刚拉上关系……跑外都是我,采胶得上远地,沈阳、天 津……老头子从来没出过门,打怯……<br />
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“说起来我进这家20来年了,连个悖悖也吃不上,光吃地瓜。一年分三四十斤 小麦,不够来客的,有一 口半口好吃的,也都先尽他爷们儿……”<br />
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丈夫肖振竹一那个被控诉对象,在忙着做午饭,一直没有搭言。这个种庄稼 能手,现在矮了半截。他作为家庭重心的时代已经结束了。<br />
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瞧这ー家子<br />
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关于家庭内部关系<br />
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今天,以血缘关系和传统伦理道德维系着的农村家庭,正接受着新文明浪潮的 冲击,正悄悄地产生着一些微妙的变化。<br />
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这ー家子是掖县徐家公社原家大队人。全家13 口人,成员构成是4个儿子、3 个儿媳、1个女儿、2个孙子、1个孙女,加上老两ロ。按常规,这个大家庭将面临分 家的边缘,家长们也只能靠伦理观念和封建的家长权威来调节儿女妣姓之间的 矛盾。<br />
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1983年初,54岁的原成芳老汉为了给家中的劳カ找出路,办了个家庭塑料厂。<br />
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老汉和老伴商量:“队上办厂子为什么跨了?就是没有章程,整天打打吵吵,最 后只剩下个空房子。”老伴说:“都是自己家里的人,定不定规矩不要紧。”老汉说: “那不行,丑话头里说。现在不定,以后出了问题再定就晚了。”<br />
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晚上,老汉召集家庭会议:<br />
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“中央叫咱致富,咱得给政府壮壮脸,咱这个工厂要办就办好!现在竞争这么 厉害,没有个章法不行,第一条咱得有个厂长!”<br />
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当然,没有人敢和老汉竞选,儿女们只觉得新鲜有趣,忍俊不禁举手通过了“爹 厂长”。<br />
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老汉说:“好,我是厂长了,就按エ厂的条条办。麻雀虽小,五脏俱全,下面我来 给你们分分工……”<br />
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这位“厂长爹”的分エ是颇有心计的:大儿子兼会计;闺女兼考勤员;老四负责 生产调度和质量检查、现金保管一他没成家,没有私心;老汉兼管技术和供销;老 伴管“后勤”。8个劳カ,分四班倒,6小时ー班,每班有定额。媳妇、姑娘エ资制, 每月25元,这是搽胭脂、抹粉钱,年底再分红。坚持考勤制度,迟到1分钟扣半天 エ资,超过5分钟扣1天工资……<br />
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章程订出来了,全“厂”通过,大红纸ー写,贴在迎门墙上。<br />
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大媳妇娘家是珍珠乡大辛台人,来去30里。一次回娘家,她晚回来10分钟罚 去了 1天工资。大媳妇第二次回娘家,撇下已经下到锅里的饺子,一身大汗地蹬着 车子赶回来。<br />
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我去这个家庭エ厂访问时,他们已被评为“五好家庭”,女儿原素玮被评为“好 小姑”。<br />
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我问这位“好小姑”：“你和你嫂子那么好,替她多干ー会儿不行吗?干吗要 罚呢?”<br />
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“好玄！这个嫂子误一会儿,那个嫂子误一会儿,还不把我累死!”</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Report_CN_EN_03:03&diff=154633Report CN EN 03:032023-03-12T10:22:32Z<p>Xie Jiayu: </p>
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<div>张广厚在百忙中接待了钱宗仁。钱宗仁说:“世界上有成就的人,他们的黄金 时代在25岁ー30岁,40岁前出成果的占90%,我是快40岁的人了,但我想可以算 到10%里去。”张广厚连声称赞:“好,你这个人看来很有志气,每个人都有权利争 取进入10%的行列,40岁以后出成果的也大有人在。我们与教育部很少打交道, 《光明日报》和《中国青年报》有两个记者我很熟,他们很懂政策,你去找他们试 试看。”<br />
Zhang Guanghou received Qian Zongren in his busy schedule. Qian Zongren said: "The golden age of the successful people in the world is between the age of 25 and 30, and 90% of them produce results before the age of 40. I am almost 40 years old, but I think I can be counted in the 10%." Zhang Guanghou praised: "Good, you seem to be very ambitious. Everyone has the right to strive to be in the 10 %, and there are many people who produce results after the age of 40. We rarely deal with the Ministry of Education, but there are two reporters from Guangming Daily and China Youth Daily that I know well, who know the policy very well. You can find them to have a try."<br />
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钱宗仁带着张广厚写的信找到《光明日报》,记者老林十分热心,当即与教育 部研究生处联系,并递上钱宗仁请求当研究生的报告。教育部研究生处批给陕西 省高教局:“钱宗仁情况确有特殊之处,望陕西省高教局协助西北大学考虑,是否作 为特殊情况处理。”<br />
Qian Zongren found Guangming Daily with the letter written by Zhang Guanghou, and the reporter, Lin, was very enthusiastic and immediately contacted the graduate student department of the Ministry of Education,and handed over the report of Qian Zongren's request to be a graduate student. The graduate student department of the Ministry of Education submitted it to the Higher Education Bureau of Shaanxi Province: "Qian Zongren's situation is indeed special, hoping that the Higher Education Bureau of Shaanxi Province would assist Northwest University to consider whether to deal with it as a special case."<br />
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钱宗仁满怀希望,回到西安,再次去见西北大学研究生办公室的那位负责同 志,回答是冰冷而圆滑的:“教育部让我们考虑,没有说一定录取。我校中文系有一 个应届毕业生也是超龄报考,考试成绩过了分数线,本拟录取,却因中文系过分数 线的学生人数多于录取名额,这个超龄生没有被录取。为了一视同仁,我们不能录 取你。你没有上成大学,’文革’中又受种种磨难,对此我们表示同情,但这与我们 无关。自学成オ不一定都要当研究生,在新疆也是大有可为的。”<br />
Qian Zongren returned to Xi'an with great expectations to see the comrade in charge of the Graduate Affairs Office of Northwest University again, but the answer was cold and slick: "The Ministry of Education told us to consider, not to say that we must accept you. There was a recent graduate of our Chinese Department who was also overage and passed the admission line, and was going to be admitted, but because the number of students who passed the admission line in the Chinese Department was more than the number of places, this overage student was not admitted. In order to treat you equally, we could not accept you. We sympathize with you for your failure to go to university and your sufferings during the 'Cultural Revolution', but it has nothing to do with us. Self-taught talent does not always have to be a graduate student, who is also promising in Xinjiang."<br />
<br />
刘书琴教授又一次震怒了 : “太无道理了,你再去一次北京去找蒋南翔、华罗 庚……”又掏出三十元钱让钱宗仁赴京。钱宗仁虽然已感到希望渺茫,但为了不辜 负刘老的一片心意,第二次来到北京。<br />
Professor Liu Shuqin was furious again: "It makes no sense. You go to Beijing again to find Jiang Nanxiang, Hua Luogeng…" and took out 30 yuan to let Qian Zongren go to Beijing. Although Qian Zongren already felt hopeless, in order not to abuse Liu’s kindness, he came to Beijing for the second time.<br />
<br />
教育部研究生处回答,招研究生的主权在学校,如果学校一定不肯录取,教育 部也无能为カ。钱宗仁无法在京久留,一天两元钱的住宿费使他几乎囊空如洗。 他向热心的记者老林辞行,没想到老林告诉他ー个消息,使他大有“柳暗花明又一 村”之感一陕西省高教局已打电话给哈工大,西大不录取钱宗仁,哈工大表示可 以考虑。<br />
The graduate student department of the Ministry of Education replied that the sovereignty of recruiting graduate students rested with the school, and if the school definitely refused to accept the student, the Ministry could not do anything about it. Qian Zongren could not stay in Beijing for a long time, because the accommodation fee of two yuan a day made him almost have no money left. He said goodbye to the enthusiastic reporter Lin, who told him a news that made him have a sense of "there is always light at the end of the tunnel" - the Higher Education Bureau of Shaanxi Province had called Harbin Institute of Technology. When the Northwest University did not admit Qian Zongren, Harbin Institute of Technology said they could consider it.<br />
<br />
钱宗仁在北京耐心地等待了几天,哈工大研究生办公室的回音来了:我校已尽 最大的力量,但我们是工科,钱宗仁同志报的是理科,很难找到适合他的指导教师。<br />
Qian Zongren waited patiently in Beijing for a few days, and the reply from the Graduate Affairs Office of Harbin Institute of Technology came: Our university has done its best, but we are a technological university, and Comrade Qian Zongren applied for a university of science, so it is difficult to find a suitable tutor for him.<br />
<br />
多少次燃起希望,又有多少次希望的破灭,钱宗仁的心沉下去了。仅仅因为超 过两岁,他奔波行程几万里,历时近百天,破费数百元,倘若能有条件利用这段时间 学习,恐怕也越过了一年研究生课程。<br />
How many times had hopes been raised, and how many times had hopes been dashed. Qian Zongren's heart sank. Just because he was two years older, he traveled tens of thousands of miles, lasting nearly a hundred days and spending hundreds of dollars. If he was able to use this time to study, he might have passed the one-year graduate courses.<br />
<br />
人们为钱宗仁惋惜的同时,也发出了这样的慨叹:人的价值在人的本身,两岁, 这在人生的长河中算得了什么?我们的ー些部门却把这微不足道的外在因素看得 <br />
那么郑重,神圣不可侵犯,而忽视有オ华的人本身。多少人才因僵死的人事制度被 压抑、被搁置、被埋没,这种束缚人的制度难道不应改革吗?<br />
While feeling sorry for Qian Zongren, people also lamented: the value of people lies in the human itself. Two years old. What does that matter in the long river of life? But some of our departments see such insignificant external factors so solemn, sacred, and ignore the talented people themselves. How many talents have been suppressed, shelved and buried because of the rigid personnel system. Shouldn't this system that binds people be reformed?<br />
<br />
“伯乐”,到处都有<br />
<br />
钱宗仁,这棵从石板缝中钻出来的小草,并非只遇到冰冷而圆滑的石头,他也 感受过春风的温暖和爱抚。他遇到了不少“伯乐”,西北大学的刘书琴教授不就是 ー个吗?刘老给教育部写的一封信,一直珍藏在宗仁的身边:“我认为钱宗仁实际 水平很高,各种基础具备,如能使其有一个较好的条件加以深造,定能见效,很有可 能做出成绩。……对这种人才仅因超龄而拒之门外,实为浪费埋没人才,我深感不 安,似与当前所倡精神有违。……我有信心,敢尽有生之年,在其他同志帮助下,悉 心培养之。……我年事已高,难得几回为国家’四化’出力,因此特修书陈请……” 每逢读到这里,钱宗仁心中都会涌出ー股热流。尽管处处有路障,但到底有人理解 他,有人发现和承认了他呀!<br />
<br />
还有那位未曾见过面的北京工业学院基础部的杨维奇教授,在青岛ー次会议 中,遇到张广厚和刘书琴,他为钱宗仁未被录取之事愤愤不平,又深为钱宗仁在逆 境中自强不息的精神感动。他决定破格在1982年招钱宗仁当研究生,并征得教育 部的同意。虽然,由于种种原因此愿未遂,但杨维奇这番心意,钱宗仁领了,至今, 他还与这位素不相识的教授保持通信联系,当他的“校外研究生”。“伯乐”,到处 都有,相识的,素不相识的,那些热情的学者、专家、记者,在关键时刻都向钱宗仁伸 出了声援的手。二十年过去,钱宗仁遇到了不少坎坷,但也得到了不少人的理解, 他没有被畸形的生活所带来的痛苦湮没,反而造就出另一种性格。<br />
<br />
考研究生落榜,钱宗仁再次回到新疆。在阿克苏,钱宗仁又遇到了一个“伯 乐”ーー阿克苏地区宣传部长宣惠良,这真是钱宗仁不幸中的大幸。宣惠良读了钱 宗仁的自述材料后,深为感动。这个青年人对理想的追求那样执着,没有虚假的夸 张和自我炫耀,字里行间跳动着ー颗真诚的心。他亲自到实验林场调查了解钱宗 仁的情况。他听到ー些非议,比如钱宗仁对人冷漠、孤僻,有名利思想,不务正业; 但就是对他有意见的同志也承认他经过百般磨难,坚持自学的毅カ令人佩服。宣 惠良理解钱宗仁,喜欢钱宗仁一他看到了这小伙子的品质和潜在的能力。他走 进了这个小伙子的住处 个破烂的小屋。钱宗仁上下打量了来客,个头不高, 戴着黑边眼镜,风度潇洒,没想到这位素不相识的宣传部长竟成了他今后生活道路 上的良师益友。<br />
<br />
宣惠良是ー个值得大书特书的人,自!982年5月初识钱宗仁,半年中帮助他 办了三件事。第一步是工人转干部。宣惠良打算把钱宗仁调到阿克苏地区的中学 教书,这里图书资料、学习条件都比林场强。先联系二中,二中推托他有湖南口音, 不宜教学而未接收;又联系四中,四中说必须把钱宗仁由工人转干部才能算作正式 教师。宣惠良跑了文教处、农林处都还顺利,到了地区人事处卡了壳,一个干事说, エ转干要9月份统ー审批,还要等ー个月。<br />
<br />
谁知在此期间,钱宗仁收到北京工业学院杨维奇教授的来电,让他速寄档案, 北エ院要破格录取他为1982年的数学系研究生。机不可失。偏巧钱宗仁的档案 又找不到了。1980年新疆石油管理局南疆石油指挥部刚刚上马,需要师资和翻译 人才,欢迎钱宗仁去,因此钱宗仁的档案寄到了石油部门,谁知到第二年此单位属 于关停并转企业,又不需要人了,钱宗仁的档案就这样遗失了。<br />
<br />
北京工业学院二次来电催促,宣惠良的心情和钱宗仁一样焦急。他跑到人事 部门去游说,讲述钱宗仁的遭遇,希望得到他们的同情,补办ー份档案材料,请他们 提前批准钱宗仁エ转干,然后将工转干的一套手续作为他的新档案寄发北京エ业 学院。然而那些干事竟毫不动心,拒绝了老宣的请求。<br />
<br />
宣传部长不掌人事权、财权,却有着正义感。尽管处处碰壁,他仍要成全钱宗 仁。宣惠良只好超越他的职权范围（这不大合乎中国办事情的手续）,将钱宗仁的 转干报表、自传、鉴定ーー复制,盖上宣传部的大印,寄到北京去了。<br />
<br />
但毕竟晚了一步,延误了时机,使钱宗仁到北京工业学院当研究生一事又告 吹。宣惠良很伤感,对某些机构的衙门作风以及对人オ的难以容忍的冷漠感到义 愤,同时为钱宗仁这样的人才被埋没而痛惜。多少良机,钱宗仁ーー丧失了。他对 宣惠良说:“我已被逼上梁山,义无反顾,不管成败如何,我要背水ー战,不管采取什 么方式,要继续深造,决不容许自己退下来。”那心境很有些悲壮。<br />
<br />
一波未平,一波又起。《光明日报》驻新疆记者站的同志给钱宗仁来了一封 信,告诉他自治区常委富文同志对钱宗仁的使用有一个批件,大意是应就近调塔里 木农垦大学试用后任教。这自然使钱宗仁心中浮起了新的希望,他找到阿克苏地 区组织部,这份批件竟被压在抽屉里两个月无人过问。组织部的回答是:我们管区 以上的干部,包括教授、讲师及工程师;像你这样的人不归我们管,即使归我们管, 塔里木农大是农牧渔业部和建设兵团合办的学校,我们也管不着。于是,这份批件 从组织部转到了文教处,文教处又将此件压下无人过问。宣惠良出面追问,从ー堆 杂乱的文件中找出批件后,再次做说客,带着批件,乘车赶到距阿克苏100多公里 的阿拉尔,找到塔里木农大的领导,又跑到实验林场和地区人事处,苦口婆心,终于<br />
使钱宗仁在1983年初来到塔里木农垦大学报到。<br />
<br />
钱宗仁感叹地说:“中国,要是多一些宣部长这样的干部就好了。”是啊,如果 我们的人事部门的干部,都能像宣惠良一样常给自己的心加加温,中国的事情将会 好办得多。<br />
<br />
钱宗仁到塔里木农垦大学任教,终于结束了二十年的坎坷生涯,但愿他在今后 的生活中不再扮演悲剧的角色,但愿他能成功。但愿!<br />
<br />
“过去的都已过去了。我今后二十年能为人民做些事,得到人们的理解,我的 心就得以满足,它将证明我前二十年的努力没有白费。我想通过自己的努力得到 社会的承认,使ー些刚开始发奋自学又遇到挫折的青年产生信心,也让那些曾打击 和阻拦我前进的人看看,小草要破土而出,任什么人也压不下去。我对生活充满着 信心,相信命运是可以抗争的。奇迹多是在厄运中出现的。最后,我希望我们现行 的政策稳定,哪怕是半个世纪也好。”<br />
<br />
我相信,钱宗仁讲述这一切时,他的心是淌着泪的。一定。<br />
<br />
人生,这就是人生。这里,有辛酸,有劳苦,也有人的创造和热カ,有污浊,更多 的却是人的光彩;这里有痛苦,也有克制、忍耐,更多的是自我牺牲中所获得的创造 的快乐。<br />
<br />
钱宗仁身上印着过去的痕迹,也埋藏着未来的种子,他脸上的表情,他的姿态, 都表现出思想、热情和生命的波动,你甚至能听见他汹涌的内心的呼声。他的经 历,他的性格,他的人品,他的精神,都使我想起塔里木河畔的胡杨,那会流泪的树。<br />
<br />
钱宗仁就是ー棵扎根在阿拉尔的胡杨,ー个曾被忽略的倔强的灵魂。在沙漠 旱风的席卷和盐碱的吞噬中,那被压抑、被扭曲的生命终究要伸直它的躯十。他不 抱怨,不灰心,因为,他知道以往个人的悲剧,也是整个社会的不幸。生活前进了, 他正和人民和国家一道共享春天的温馨。<br />
<br />
哦,胡杨树,壮美的树!<br />
<br />
哦,胡杨泪,悲壮的泪!<br />
<br />
（原载《文汇月刊＞1984年第4期）<br />
<br />
原野在呼唤<br />
<br />
王兆军<br />
<br />
历史和现实撞击出电火,原野上滚过这样的雷声:<br />
“请放下古城前那高高的吊桥……”<br />
<br />
历史,曾经显示过这样的画面——<br />
<br />
萧瑟秋风里,荒野古道上,起义军的马蹄正扬起漫天的灰尘。可以看得见,在 那沙风土雾中,每一面大旗上都写着“分田地,均贫富”!揭竿而起的农民为了得 到土地,正纵横沙场,逐鹿中原,多少将士,在凄迷冷寂的荒原上留下了血肉模糊的 尸体和征袍!天阴雨湿,似有无数的幽灵仍然不肯离去,腥风中低吟着热恋土地的 挽歌 <br />
<br />
近代。中国乡村,黑夜如磐。<br />
<br />
一位偿还不起高利贷的农民,在要么坐牢、鬻女,要么变卖那仅有的ー小片田 地的严酷事实面前,在地契上痛苦地留下殷红的指印。当天,也许是第二天拂晓, 他便领着全家上路了。那片拴着心的小小的土地,昨天还是属于他的,而今天…… 他跪倒在它的上面,匍匐身躯,拨开厚厚的积雪,一双青筋暴突的大手拼命地扒呀, 扒呀,终于扒出ー块泥土。他把这泥土揣进怀里。最后,望了一眼那片依依难舍的 土地,含着满目泪水,踏上了背井离乡的风雪小道……<br />
<br />
这,就是中国人对于土地的深挚的感情;这,就是我们祖祖辈辈将所有的汗水、 所有的智慧、所有的希望,都倾注其中的那片热土,那片原野啊！只有在生命和土 地之间择其ー时,他们オ可能舍弃后者;有的,甚至宁肯以身殉地！于是,长久的炽 热的情感形成了牢不可破的传统一土地被神化了。五行,土为中;诸侯三宝,地为 上。在茫茫中国,几乎每一个村庄都有社庙,即土地庙。人们用自己的感情塑造了这 么ー个神灵,让它统治着乡村的一切。敬畏、膜拜,祭以牺牲,祀以香火,不敢有些微 的逆忤。立春（秋）以后的第五个戊日,无论是耕耘之前的祈祷还是收获之后的庆贺, 都在那个小小的土地庙前进行。ー碗碗绿豆黄豆,ー盘盘小麦蜀黍,ー盅盅新米佳 酿,陈年的柿饼和新摘的枣子,附以面条、鸡蛋,纸钱与香烛,全献给社神了。人们 希望在那欢乐的氤氤中,让社神用绳索将他们牢牢地拴在土地上,永远也不离开。<br />
<br />
今天,这是在什么地方?<br />
<br />
タ阳西下,火红的晚霞正在变成深紫色。出脱了货物的汉子们点完了一沓沓 钞票,喜上眉梢。他们弄来烧酒和啤酒、红肠、烧鸡、花生米,便在农贸市场的台面 上坐了,兴高采烈地品赏起城市的黄昏来,没有一点忧郁和哀愁,背井离乡似乎成 为ー种享受。他们好像已经成为这里的主人了!<br />
<br />
看,经过训练的几百名乡村姑娘,从大客车上下来了。大的20来岁,小的只有 十六七岁。她们衣着鲜艳,不无时髦。她们是来大城市当保姆的。眼前,ー幢幢大 楼,ー排排树木,车水马龙的大街和琳琅满目的商场,正吸引着她们好奇的目光。 乡村狭小而又广漠的世界,已经容不下她们的心和她们的憧憬。她们从原野上走 出来,高高兴兴地走出来,那么心甘,那么欢畅……奇怪吗?奇怪!即使是对于社 会变化比较淡漠的人也会有疑问:农民对于土地的感情哪里去了?他们为什么舍 得离开那温暖的赖以生存的家园,离开那金黄的稻田和绿油油的菜畦?这种变化 是怎样发生的,并将对中国社会有哪些启示和影响?在回答我的问题时,请不要囿 于某些落套的文章、夸张的报道和枯涩的理论吧,在新的变化面前,朋友,你一定要 丢弃往昔的经验,因为潮流已经涌到眼前,几乎每ー个人都分明地感觉到了它那严 肃的冲击。历史与现实的电火撞击着,在大地上滚过阵阵惊雷。原野在如此殷勤 地呼唤我们:“放下古城门前那高高的吊桥,认识我们这里的流水、芳草,这里的阳 光大道!”<br />
<br />
人们吃饱了,但并不满足。列车震破了桃源旧梦。<br />
<br />
他们来不及拍打裤脚上的尘土,便从原野上出发,<br />
走向另ー个世界<br />
<br />
应着那旷野的呼唤,我来到了河南。<br />
<br />
这是一片多么古老、多么辽阔、多么肥沃的土地啊！厚厚的黄土,埋藏着一部 中华民族的历史;滔滔的黄河,诉说着这历史的源远流长。千百万年过去了,但历 史的字典里依然写着“以农为本” “缺衣少食”这样荒唐的成语,在我们这片稼穡为 上的土地上,却依然没有消除愚昧和饥饿,就像龙门的石佛依然板着那千古不变的 似笑非笑的面孔ー样。<br />
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直到今天,党的十一届三中全会以后,安徽和四川的暖风吹到了中州,河南オ 开始苏醒。可是责任制刚刚实行,便有人担心分田会重受二遍苦。于是,黄河、伊 洛河在东张西望中度过了 !979年。然而,一年以后的事实证明,河南人民不仅没 有重受二茬罪,反而迅速解决了吃饭问题。对于一个人口数量占全国第二位的省 份来说,一年解决了上千年没有解决的问题,这难道不是一个奇迹吗?<br />
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从南阳、洛阳、濮阳,到虞城、项城、商城,到处都可以看到:黄土古道上是售棉 卖粮的大车小车,庄稼人面上的菜色正在消逝,荒原获得了绿色的生命,每一寸田 园都找到了知冷知热的爹娘,红薯正在变为饲料,白瓷碗里盛上了热气腾腾的 面条。<br />
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无数的报道早已将这些事实变为匆匆层叠更替的历史,而我所要追寻的是:解 决了温饱问题的人们将怎样开拓新的生活。他们吸着古老的烟袋蹲在墙根晒太阳 了吗?他们守着古训“不知有汉、何论魏晋” 了吗?我担心,因为我们这个民族是 容易满足的。<br />
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陇海线上东来西去的列车,昼夜不息地从中原驰过。多少年来,人们只知道那 里有黑色的铁轨,看见过列车喷出的团团白气,至于铁道和他们的生活有什么关 系,却很少想过,他们坚信自己永远是靠土地生活的,土地能提供他们所需要的 一切。<br />
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但是,今天的列车却唤醒了这里的村庄,这里的阡陌和这里的人们。<br />
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祭城乡白庄村的干部们坐在田垄上,心事重重地望着风驰电掣的列车从他们 的土地上经过。高亢的汽笛声震不开他们紧锁的眉心,喷吐的白雾在他们心头立 刻变为可怕的黑云。铁路复线工程占去了他们的100多亩好地,这对于ー个只有 400多亩土地的小村庄,该是多么大的损失啊!原先每人占地6分4厘,现在倒过 来成为4分6厘了。他们掰着指头算着:即使亩产2000斤粮食（这是很不容易 的）,每人也占不到1000斤。按产值计,不过百把块钱,扣除生产成本,只剩几十块 钱了。这就是说:辛辛苦苦在田里折腾一年,弄得好也只不过是吃饱肚皮而已。<br />
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列车吞去了他们的土地,天地变得如此狭小,像飞鸟发现自己在ー个笼子里一 样,他们感到了某种恐慌。望着列车,他们忽然在冥思苦索中微妙地感到,这个社 会在发生变化,ー股强大的潮流正像列车这样冲击到他们的村边来了。啊,铁道为 什么要改为复线?运东西,越来越多的东西,煤、机器、生猪、水泥、蔬菜……可是列 车上有我们的东西吗?没有,既没有卖出的,也没有买进的。他们感到自己被潮流 抛弃得很远很远。为什么咱就不能加入这个潮流呢?我们也有手,难道不能生产 出什么东西,加入那个潮流并且从中得到新的利益,从而不再像祖辈先人那样困守 一隅地生活吗?列车没有白占去土地,它给乡村的人们以新的启示,在新的奥秘被<br />
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发现之后,他们欣喜得不能自已。<br />
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“对,不能老憋在这几分地上!”支部书记白西川说,“咱们也得想办法挣钱。” 副书记白玉河、白明顺也一股劲地说:“得另找门道,不然,这日子越过越涩。” 对于几千年来以土地为生的中国农民来说,这种离开土地寻找更宽阔的道路, 积极加入现代社会的潮流的要求,不能不说是自然而又伟大的觉醒。<br />
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开始,他们失败了,他们光想到赚钱,先加工生产履带轴销,但是卖不了多少, 后来搞电焊气焊,活也不多。有人说做糕点利大,他们就改做月饼、糖块,还种过银 耳、蘑菇。忙活了一年,算ー算,没赚到什么钱。<br />
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失败提供了教训。白西川和干部、社员们意识到做生意赚钱和种地不是一回 事,商业有商业的门道,要看清这个行当,不能老用农民的眼光。社员们提醒他,这 些年来,唯有豆腐坊生意旺盛,本地大豆多,豆腐也销得快,豆渣可以扩大饲养业, 饲养业可以提供更多的肥料,粮食产量也能上去。<br />
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他们决定发展豆制品生产,特别是向干菜方面努力,多做腐竹。<br />
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开始做腐竹,完全是土办法。22 口小铁锅,豆浆锅坐在开水锅里,温度达不 到,做出的腐竹黑乎乎的,价格上不去。白西川感到这样不行,得想办法改进,首先 要向别人学习。<br />
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白西川带着几个人,到エ艺先进的桂林腐竹厂学习。好事多磨,到了那里,好 话说了几夢筐,人家就是不让看。白西川急得吃不下饭,睡不好觉。美丽的山水对 他们一行没有半点吸引力,白西川恨不得白给人家当两个月短工,只要让他学习。 人家说这是卫生条例的原因,白西川恨不得拿酒精给全身消消毒,换ー身新煮烫的 衣服,只要叫参观ー下就行。他们在冷遇中渐渐感觉到ー种商业社会的气味。这 种竞争的气息强烈地刺激着白西川那传统农民的朴实憨厚的心。社会已经变化得 这么快了,难怪乡村总是那么落后。他决心要赶上这个潮流,加入这个潮流,并且 一定要走到前面去。他们求助于党组织和当地政府,好说歹说,终于获得了“粗看 一遍”的允诺。那真是粗看一遍啊,按人家指定的路线走,关键地方不让看,问ー些 技术上的问题,人家又不愿解答。他们贪婪地看着。可惜时间给得太少,只粗略地 记得锅炉、磨汁、造浆、蒸盘和烘房等几处主要设施和大概的工作情形。<br />
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回到家,凭几个人的印象,便开始建造腐竹厂。买设备、建厂房,依靠本村人的 努力,只用了两个月时间,腐竹厂就建成了。4月10日试验,居然一次成功。当第 ー批腐竹做出来,白西川感慨万千。他为这种快速的成功而高兴。时代的压カ,逼 得人们变得勇敢而又精明。他想起在桂林受到的冷遇,想到全村人付出的艰苦的 劳动,感到追赶这个时代是多么不容易啊!<br />
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这个不愁原料、不愁生产、销路也好的腐竹厂建成以后,很快使白庄的劳动结 构发生了巨大变化。大量的豆渣,促使他们办ー个相当规模的养殖场。养殖场的 粪肥要运到田里,必须扩大机械队伍。牛奶和生猪要有专人销售。腐竹厂连续生 产,各种エ序需要许多劳カ参加。豆腐坊和调料厂也在扩大。新生活要求新的住 房,必须扩大建筑队伍……这些劳动,占去了全村94. 4%的劳カ,只有5. 6%的劳 カ从事农业劳动了。这就逼得他们拿出最懂农业技术的人去承包土地,并且大力 加快农业机械化进度。那种以为责任制以后无法使用机械的担忧已经被事实击 败。白庄的商品经济发展,已经使绝大多数人离开了土地,变为工人了。1983年, 他们的日工值已经达到4元,而这个村的社员用水、用电、住房、蔬菜、教育和医疗 也全由大队包下来了。<br />
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农民学会许多原先不懂的东西。无论エ副业还是农业,白庄都实行了严格的 承包责任制。合同就是法律,谁违背合同就按章处罚,处罚的办法之一是不让劳 动 这是最重的惩罚〇<br />
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白西川说:“按以前的老办法不行了,我们找到了一个新办法,叫作不打自 叫唤。”<br />
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当欲望自然地被尊重时,历史前进了。<br />
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人们从土地上走出来了,并迅速学会了原来不懂的东西<br />
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这是ー个多么炎热的夏天,从虎牢关到邙岭这片丘陵地已经好多天没下雨了。<br />
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巩义贺尧大队支部书记牛新安从来没有这样焦躁不安。他在为大队综合厂的 问题发愁。农业包下去,生机勃勃,不用操多少心了。可是这个小厂却越办越赖, 几乎到了不可收拾的地步。支部决定搞承包投标,可是意见分歧很大,有人投标很 高,有人投标较低,有人反对投标。在纷杂的争论中,他注意到一位青年人的意见, 这个人叫李自忠。他尖锐地指出那些高标的盲目性,并且批评了某些人妄图用拼 设备的办法获取利润,塞满腰包,然后扔掉エ厂的做法。青年人的敏锐和忠诚强烈 地震动了牛新安。无疑,李自忠是为全村利益长远打算的。<br />
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但是,这个青年所要求的条件是多么难以应允啊!他要厂长责任制,要招聘エ 人和解雇工人的权カ,要升降工人工资的权カ,要奖惩的权カ,要增添和更换设备 的权カ,要购销权カ……一句话,这个厂交给他,他就要全部说了算。<br />
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当过教师、当过队长、当过县接待室的接待员、当过酒厂厂长的李自忠,无疑是 ー个能干的有头脑的人物。但是,不让大队插手,他自己独揽大权,这能行吗?能<br />
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给他这种“便宜行事”的杏黄旗吗?<br />
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牛新安陷入难以排遣的烦闷之中。他近来出去看了一些地方,深深感到自己 这一代人快要落伍了。ー没文化,什么都弄不懂;ニ是农业搞惯了,思想牢牢拴在 土地上,小麦上,红薯上,经商盈利就没本事了;三来许多人从内心就对这种商业经 济有看法;再就,精力也不行了。无论如何要起用青年人,能干的青年就在眼前,为 什么不用?他要权,就给他权,订个合同,让他干!<br />
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就这样,李自忠接手了这个破烂不堪的小厂一陈旧的机器;工人懒懒散散; 欠外债36万元,40多家债主轮番索债。李自忠不慌不忙,凭三寸不烂之舌,反复说 明困难,真不行就先给人家5块钱搪塞搪塞,或者去菜园里摘几个西红柿招待一下 愠怒的债主。然后,他运用权カ,先把几个上班看电视、放风筝,又经常拿钢管换酒 喝换烟抽的干部子女辞掉,又招聘了几位熟练的技工,重订了厂规厂法,然后开始 制造砖机。<br />
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他已经对此深思熟虑过了:农民生活正在飞速改善,建房是农民的第一大事, 砖瓦都是紧俏货,砖机自然就是畅销品。当他把工作安排就绪以后,向大队提出: “我要拿!000块钱做广告。”<br />
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他的这ー举动使许多人莫明其妙,花!000块钱在报纸上登那么几行字,ー张 图画,这不是疯了吗?牛新安却应允了,他说:“自忠,你只管按你的计谋办,赔了大 队兜着!”<br />
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广告发出去了。李自忠摇着扇子,悠悠然等待喜事降临。其实他心里并不安 静,他想试用一下现代社会的新手段,他知道社会已经前进了,凭老一代那种老鹅 下蛋不叫唤的办法是不行了,既然要参加到这个社会中去,便要使用一切允许使用 的新武器。他干得对。不久本省来了十几封信,定购这个厂的砖机。<br />
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实际上,这时的厂子还没有那么充足的生产能力。这么ー来,弄得大家手忙脚 乱。李自忠仍然“无忧无虑”地看报纸、听广播、喝茶、抽烟,但是,只有夜空的繁星 知道,李自忠半夜里还常常冥思苦索,翻来覆去不能入睡。不几天,他想出了新招。 他把一些本厂难以加工的部件委托国营大厂代做。当时这些大厂都在调整,工人 没活干。他们和洛阳拖拉机厂铸造分厂、三门峡仪表机械厂、洛阳407厂订了合 同,大部件镂孔、大齿轮加工都由他们包了,双方都很高兴。<br />
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第一批生意就这样成交了。<br />
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小厂有了大本钱。工人的劲头也上来了。<br />
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本省的生意还没有到头,李自忠又给《安徽日报》发了信,请教能不能推销些 砖机,《安徽日报》很快刊登了他们的信。贺尧大队砖机厂一下子收到80多封订货 信。有些人要来厂取货,被李自忠挡了驾。李自忠明白:如果来了人,看见他们的 工厂这么小,会淡了兴趣的。于是,他在滁州、芜湖、安庆、阜阳、合肥等5处设了推 销点,把货送到安徽去。这样,他们1月份收入1〇万元,2月份收入20万元,3月 份收入30万元,4月份收入40万元。有了这100万元的资金,他们扩建厂房,更新 配套设备,增聘技工,自己生产所有的零部件,腰杆子壮起来了。一直到9月份,他 们的砖机都是脱销的,有的采购员来厂,把零部件都号上,不让别人动。<br />
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“现代社会的特点是新东西层出不穷,但很快就被别人学会了。”李自忠已经 明白这一点了。他们发广告,别人也发广告。李自忠就亲自把样机弄到展销会和 推销点上去现场操作给人家看;别人也会这样做了,他们又实行包安装、包维修、定 期征求用户意见的方法,深得用户好评,用户还替他们宣传。别人又学会了这ー 套,他们就另换ー个地方。当许多砖机厂去安徽时,贺尧大队的推销员又去山东 了。1982年在山东只花了 900元广告费,就卖出去砖机200多台,收入130多万 元。别处也四下里推销,他们就在降低价格、提高质量上下功夫,对手老是竞争不 过他们。李自忠每天都在绞尽脑汁思索着战略战术。他明白,只要在一个环节上 失败了,生意就会垮下来。<br />
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“商业不等于骗人,现在做买卖,要实在。”李自忠把新的生意经背得烂熟,“用 户是王,质量是命,时间是钱。”<br />
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一次,辽宁来了一个跛子。他在巩义转了好几个砖机厂,最后来到贺尧大队。 李自忠知道这是ー个精明的人,便对他说:“巩县的砖机有好有坏,我们的也不是十 全十美。你仔细看看,不买也不要紧,提点意见也是宝贵的。”<br />
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那人反复看了,还是不买。李自忠留他吃饭,他不吃。走时,李自忠见他走路 不方便,就派车把他送到火车站,帮他买了车票。跛子临上车前忽然退了票,拿出 ー张ー万一千多元的支票,毅然买了 280型砖机和搅拌机各一台。<br />
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送走跛子,李自忠说:“现在的生意,要开诚布公,哄哥哥骗姐姐,那是小家子 气。急功近利,见了人就想掏人家的钱包,常常办不成事。同时也要注意看人,像 这样精明的人只有以诚相待,他才信人信机器。”李自忠没有说他是怎样研究人的 心理的,他知道,现代的企业家不能像某些老农那样ーー总想以狡黠取胜反而常常 因浅薄吃亏。<br />
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1982年,这个大队小厂总产值达420万元,刚接手的那一年这个厂的产值12 万元,3年增长35倍。<br />
探索就是一种冒险,但冒险此平庸伟大一万倍。<br />
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人们离开了土地,走向工业,并且迅速学会了工业管理<br />
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丰田小汽车在乡间那满是尘土的小道上飞驰,扬起一股尘烟。<br />
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常建国,禹县方山铝矶土矿矿长,参加代表团,踏上了去联邦德国参观访问、洽 谈生意的旅途。<br />
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他望着车窗外的原野,心潮起伏不平。<br />
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一切都是从这里出发的。生命从这里出发,上学从这里出发,挖野菜从这里出 发,下坡种庄稼从这里出发,这里是根。10年前当他意识到单靠这荒山薄地无法 过好日子时,便毅然决然地带着17个人,来到这人烟稀少的秃岭上。没有树,谈不 上木材;没有土,想种ー棵草都不可能;只有石头,而且是既不能砌房又不能烧石灰 的乱石片。但是,常建国坚信大自然赏赐给他们的山野必定是能够挖掘出有用的 东西的。他去巩义看过,那里的铝矶土就很像这里的土石。他和他的伙伴们挖啊, 掏啊,无论是夹着雪花的北风还是掺着霰粒的细雨,也无论是烈日酷暑还是深秋严 霜,都没能使他们退却。他们为了甩掉贫穷这个魔鬼,像疯魔ー样奋斗着。终于, 他们找到了希望找到的东西,盘了一个窑,烧出第一窑铝矶土。但是,能不能卖出 去还是问题呢!他忽然想到这真有点冒险,如果找不到销路,或者这货根本就不合 格,18个人的辛劳不就付诸东流了吗?<br />
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车过三岔路口,前面就是方山。常建国拉开窗玻璃,把头探出窗外。他贪婪地 看着这座家乡的山。方山,名不虚传,它不同于任何一座别处的山,没有连绵嵯峨 的雄姿,没有幽秀的回峰迭峦,没有黄山那样的松和云,也没有峨眉那样的泉和寺, 它只是突兀在这原野上的一座孤立的山,没有圆滑的舒缓的线条,四条棱支在大地 上,像一座削去了顶部的金字塔。这是多么具有个性的山啊!那时,他就想:人也 是这样,要具有自己的名字,要走出自己的路,就要有独自的特点。他决心给第一 窑货找到顾主。<br />
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时间多么紧促,贫困的乡亲们多么希望有钱花。他必须尽快地使这些货得到 鉴定。原先,他只想到国内市场,而国内的钢铁生产发展不快,接着又调整,耐火材 料滞销；国外的钢铁业也不景气。但在这暂时的不景气之后肯定还有一个复苏,一 些商人不正在为几年后的发展囤积着铝矶土吗?常建国忽然由此萌生出ー个大胆 的念头:到海关去鉴定,争取出口。<br />
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到现在,常建国也不知道为什么忽然那样异想天开。贫穷中产生的欲望,奋斗 <br />
中萌发的胆量,把ー个农民的心一下子扩展到了整个世界。这个世界如此丰富多 彩,而我们只要有其中的一点点就够了。过去竟然没有想到这个世界,就像祖祖辈 辈没有想到方山上的铝矶土ー样!反过来说,世界上有这么多人,每一点财富都被 许多眼睛注视着,谁先抢到手,谁就是英雄,这里没有施舍,任何守株待兔式的梦想 都不应当存在。<br />
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于是,也是从这里出发,常建国背上了一袋烧制的料样,匆匆向青岛海关而去。 到那里,通过化验鉴定,质量很好,外贸部门答应优先给他们接洽生意,销路是不用 发愁的。常建国一下子高兴得浑身轻了 20斤!这时,他オ注意到那美丽的大海。 多么辽阔的海啊!烟波浩渺,一望无际,水天一色。隅居山乡的人虽然曾经为陆地 的旷远深沉而自豪过,但是当看见大海的时候,就不得不惊叹海的伟大气魄和幽深 的底蕴了。当风浪在他脚下拍打时,他产生了这样ー个念头:这海的那一边,还有 更大的世界,要敢于冒险,跨过海去!<br />
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就这样,18个人的矿,只有2000元资金,却和世界的很远的地方联系在ー起 了。十分艰难,十分艰难啊！不仅是物质生活,思想也总是不得宁静。为了违心地 批判自己的“重商轻农”思想,他必须每年向上级写一大摞检讨书,农忙时,他不得 不“解散”工人去参加麦收,但夜晚,他们还是去守候自己的窑火。疲倦啊,ー躺下 就浑身酸疼,一点也不想爬起来,但是,还要干,还要拼命。人们都在注视着这个比 卖鸡蛋换钱更多的地方。<br />
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从山乡走到海边,又从海边飞向天空,整整用了 1〇年。这离开土地的1〇年 啊！从18个人发展到1800人,从2000资金发展到2000万元资产,人增加了 !00 倍,资产增加了 1万倍。为国家挣得1700万美元外汇。这当然有点像奇迹。但这 奇迹是用胆量、用汗水、用坚韧不拔的精神换来的。常建国说不出有多么感谢他的 伙伴、他的エ友和支持他的父老乡亲。只要这些人说好,就齐了,因为这是目的。 至于别人表扬与否,那无关紧要,那是和另外一些别的利益纠缠在ー起的事情。因 此,当养鸡户进省城当劳模而无人敢表扬方山铝矶土矿时,常建国仍然和他的伙伴 们在那深山沟里默默地开掘着自己的希望、热情和幸福。<br />
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飞机起飞了,从舷窗俯视大地,大地上的一切都是那么井井有条,山岭、河谷、 树林、荒漠、城市、乡村……当就要离开国界时,他的心一下子又缠绕到矿上去了。 他想过:这个矿为什么能发展起来?第一条,或者说唯一的一条是他有自由。他不 需要向这个请示,向那个汇报;工人就是上司,事业就是上司,ー个在身边,ー个在 心中。这多么方便！生活在这个螃蟹篓子ー样的世界里,牵ー发动全身,或投鼠忌 器,或忧谗畏讥,搬动ー张椅子似乎都会乱了天下,这是多么坚固又多么脆弱的网 啊!幸亏,他不在这个网里。“占山为王”,独立自主,不仅没有那么多限制,反而 有那么多自主权:全矿只有5个支部委员,其他几个全都在几个分厂里做エ,别无 什么科室处所,他决定了的,就能变为行动。当他决定要建一个建筑材料厂制造瓷 面砖时,ー个76米长的隧道窑,只用了 42天就完工了,而这在国营企业里,至少也 要8个月!他可以决定招聘技术人员;他可以视劳动和工作情况决定批评、处罚或 开除工人;他可以制定财物上的各种规章,从而把每ー个人牢牢拴在企业上。这叫 作一荣俱荣、ー损俱损。推销员不是经常吃喝吗,那就从推销总数中提出一定比例 的奖金。销多了得钱多,销少了自己不得。差旅费、招待费等,全在里面了。全厂 每ー个人的工资都是浮动的,矿上盈余多,都发财;亏了,都吃亏。这样,监督也就 无形中形成,质量也保证了……<br />
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飞机在蔚蓝的天空航行,实际上空气本身是无色透明的。常建国不知道别人 怎么看他,但自知自己是有一颗善良的心的。当开除那十几个工人时,他的心曾经 那么不平静。他希望每ー个人都能和睦相处,能像天国里那样人人相爱相亲。但 这不是天国啊,所以还是要用人间的办法。你们不好好干,偷懒、捣蛋、盗窃财物, 损害了我的事业,违反了纪律和制度,那只好抱歉了。常建国曾经怀疑过这是不是 有些专制,他认真思考过民主与自由,他不能容忍那种不负责任的行为,那不是民 主,那必然导致涣散与腐化,必然导致无休止的争吵、拖延和难以估计的损失。他 能够以这种方式取得一点成绩,完全因为自己是农民。这个最低的身份恰恰成为 ー种奢侈,ー种特权。常建国坐在飞机上,看着自己和别人差不多的装束,他真想 大声宣告:“我是农民,这是多么珍贵的称号!正因为我一切都没有,所以才有了 一切!”<br />
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第一站是汉堡,第二站是法兰克福……他到处参观,每到ー地都洽谈一到几笔 生意。察言观色,揣摩心理,研究行情,谨慎地制订价格,宴会,灯红酒绿,汽车在奔 驰,笑脸,支票……常建国开始时有点眼花缭乱,但不久就安静了。他赞赏人家的 工作效率和求实精神。ー种无形的力量在冲击他那在狭小天地里形成的容量有限 的心房,他承认看到自己的缺点和弱点了,单凭宣传所得到的东西是多么片面,人 家有人家的长处。他大大方方地向人家学习、求教。<br />
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只是当他重新飞回这块大陆,又重新踏上这片原野时,他的心オ又慌乱起来。 天上的云和地上的尘都曾经留下过的阴影又飘过来了。在听到中央一号文件后, 他曾热烈地庆幸自己的运气,但是,这也毕竟是运气。许多的必然还在使他惴惴不 安。他,他这ー类人,还只能被动地等待什么,而不能主导什么,无论是福还是祸。 他能够将企业办得更大,挣更多的外汇,但怕别人眼红。许多人不承认经营是劳 动,这使他想起喝酒来。为了企业,他必须喝酒,应付官员的“检查指导”,拉生意, 结交同行……都必须喝酒,有时一天要好几场,简直是灾难啊!他嗜酒吗?不,他 最想吃的是ー碗米饭、ー碟青菜或ー小碗汤,不寒麼也不奢侈,吃下去舒舒服服,多 好!可是这酒,不喝能成事吗?坏了胃,哑了嗓子,豁上身体去抵挡八面来风!得, 归于集体;失,留于一己。便纵有千种风情,更与何人说?再者,这样的企业,原料 供应全不在计划,钢铁、水泥、仪表、试剂,哪ー样不求人能到手?逼着人走后门。 积年旧账多了,到头来千人吃肉一人付钱,谁受得了?我得巴结所有的人,要害人 物打个喷嚏都吓得我三天睡不着觉。志气如此远大,收入如此可观,但政治上又如 此脆弱!怕变,怕统,怕眼红,怕记者,只是不怕自身的得与失,常建国觉得这样东 奔西簸,实际上也是在对自己的生命作战。他流泪了。<br />
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他多么想模糊掉那些人为的界限!部办的,省办的,县办的,大队办的,除了钞 票是平等的,其他都等级森严。脱产的,半脱产的,亦エ亦农的,以工代干的,ハ级 エ资,二十五级职务。打破他,过ー关选一将,谁能干好谁就是好汉,怎么样?为 此,他专门聘请了一些国家正式技术人员,他希望把这些门槛踢断,这样简单些。<br />
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他多么想聘请几位理论家,为他,为他们的以及全国的企业辩护:到底什么是 正道,什么是邪道?怎样不走后门而把事情办好?怎样オ算劳动?怎样评价人的 名利与功过 <br />
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他多么想有一部法律,将那些成功的东西肯定下来,将那些不该伸的手拉住, 把那些必须办的事办好……<br />
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他下了飞机,下了火车,又坐着丰田小车回到方山,回到矿上来了。当他又站 在出发的地方时,无边的山原使他激动不已。他望着山岭上那高大的烟囱,望着那 一片厂房和宛若市镇的矿区,听着那里传出的交响乐ー样雄壮而又美妙的各种声 音,心想:我们终于从茧壳里拱出来了。<br />
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是的,农民从土地上走出来,走进这涌动的潮流中来了。觉醒比起床要难得 多,因为我们的梦太古老太醉人了。这是一片多么沉重的土地啊！安阳殷墟,龙门 石窟,首阳山,三吏三别,古战场的千年的征尘……几乎每ー个地名都象征着如海 的血汗,锈蚀的兵器和风化了的尸体。我们的民族是从这样的原野上出发的。我 们在这原野上行走了几千年,缓慢的几千年啊！然而,贫困和愚昧仍然如毒蛇ー样 纠缠着我们。虽然各家各户都点过无数的香烛,希望在缭绕的烟氯中得到富足的 生活,但这都不过是梦。大地仍然死ー样的宁静。乡村里有什么?破败的草寮,沉 重的辘辘,还有那没有色彩的路。在那有着深深辙印和牛蹄坑的路上,ー头瘦骨嶙 峋的老牛拉着ー辆破旧的车,年复一年地行走着,步履缓慢地走着。ー头牛倒下 了,又有一头牛默默地把头伸进辗下,一代接一代,行走着,叹息着,似乎只要我们 甘愿这样永远走下去,谁也不会来欺负我们。<br />
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可是,这个世界是不平衡的。300多年前,当李闯王推翻了明王朝以后,我们 看见的又是ー个清王朝。政治的金字塔尖上坐着帝王,帝王在陈腐得发臭的宫殿 做着闭关锁国唯我独尊的美梦。然而,就在这个年代,英国人的工业革命却建立了 ー个新型的社会,从那以后,财富如同发酵的面团似的膨胀着,商品如潮水ー样涌 向世界。不久,他们作为殖民者,用洋枪洋炮轰开了大清国的大门,他们从地球的 那ー边闯到地球的这ー边来了。即使有800个林则徐,也挡不住“鬼子”的煤油灯 和织布机。<br />
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少数人觉醒了,便革命;但大多数仍在土地上那枯黄的荒草里沉睡,瘦弱的先 觉者被千万条沉重的绳索拴住了脚,オ走半步就跌倒了。我们终于又关起门来,任 凭大洋的潮头怎样拍打我们的门板,我们仍然在疲劳和饥饿之中诵读着这样的经 文:“耕读为上,商贾次之,工技又次之”“务农桑,五十本葱,ー畦韭,家二母彘,五 鸡”“栋宇、器械、脂烛,莫非种植之物,闭门而为生之具以足,但恨家中无盐井尔!” 当!〇亿人都在照这本经书去行动时,草地毁了,山林被砍掉,没有鱼也没有肉,尽 管每ー个空货架上都挂了语录,但语录仍不能解决吃饭问题。几年前,我们终于又 一次觉醒了。一旦开始尊重规律,也便有了路。<br />
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路是从那原野上踏出来的,第一个脚印还留着惶乱的迹象,但阡陌很快就形成 了。一条条小路,没有头也没有尾,连贯着,交错着,在原野上形成一张崭新的网〇 人们在这小路上运出了他们的商品,并把路伸向集镇,伸向城市,伸向国际市场。 曾经沧海难为水,已经见过新天地的人再也不愿困守穷庐了,他们已经不满足于碗 里面条和御寒的棉衣,一切都在变化着。我们的父老兄弟没有丢弃土地,他们只是 不满足于温饱,不满足于自然经济了。这个变化可以从被冷落的社神那里看得清 清楚楚:那三个曾被奉若神明的土地庙还有人理睬吗?无论是寂冷的夜晚还是喧 闹的白天,它都孤独地蹲在那里。荒草一直长到它的头顶上。再没有人向社神愚 蠢地献礼。社神在人们的心目中是的的确确被冷落、被渐渐地遗忘了。<br />
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原野以从未有过的兴奋向人们呼唤:走下去,从任何一点都可以走向全世界!<br />
当我们看见旷野的小路时,<br />
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不要忘记行路者双脚上的烂泥 认识这ー点,<br />
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也许此记得前文的叙述更有意义<br />
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世界是美的。<br />
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这美是谁装点的?<br />
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上帝给天空铺上彩云,太阳借给月轮以光辉,大地生育了高山、流水、带露的草 树和镶金嵌玉的田野,孩子们用亮晶的眼睛,姑娘们用鲜艳的衣裙和甜美的笑声, 艺术家则用灵感去装点人们的心灵……<br />
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襄城县养花专业户杨吉祥,用鲜花装点着世界。<br />
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这是ー个富有色彩、流淌着诗意的事业。然而这个事业的主人却奉献出了过 多的汗水和膏血。<br />
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他们曾经是穷困潦倒的乡下人。一家9 ロ,靠拉架子车运石头维持生活,偏偏 户主杨吉祥被汽车撞伤了 ,胳膊断了,石膏又没打好,落了残疾,难得温饱。小女儿 死了;儿子志刚オ14岁,又走上了父亲的道路,可是小驴又被人家偷走了。于是母 亲又接替了儿子。拉呀,拉呀,他们顽强地求生。<br />
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也许生活太枯燥,太单调,太苍白了,杨吉祥忽然爱起花来。第一次,他从别人 家端来ー盆月季,那种金背大红月季啊,像火ー样,辉煌、灿烂,给人以热烈的召唤 和充分的美感。杨吉祥痴迷了。后来又弄到ー棵金橘,一年四季,碧绿油油的,给 这枯涩的家庭生活以鲜亮的生机。<br />
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后来,几位朋友建议他养花。盛三、张殿臣送来ー些,王建廷、侯木也送来ー 些,他们同情这个经济拮据的家庭,希望少看见他们一家人脸上的愁容。杨吉祥动 心了。受伤的手臂不能干重活,不妨种些花,一来好看,也能换些零钱花。<br />
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艺术之门是地狱之门。杨吉祥一旦迷上了养花,就像着了魔ー样。省下每ー 分勉强可以省下来的钱,去购买花木。为此,孩子们常年吃不上肉,穿不上新衣,上 不起学。杨吉祥却只管买各种养花专业书籍看。当他们刚刚有了几个钱时,夫妻 俩又决定出外求师学艺。<br />
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他们去了柳州,老花エ丁文琪教他们怎样加工石头,怎样配置木架,怎样不断 陶冶心灵,加深艺术造诣,做到美自心中出并寄于花木,并教他们怎样处理盆景的 粗细、内外、远近、幽显。为了开阔眼界,他们想方设法挤进了广州交易会。那里的 树桩盆景,深深地吸引了他们。榕树的、地柏的、罗汉松的、黄杨的和福建茶的,千 姿百态,引人入胜。后来又去福州,在西湖公园求教于老花工郑辛勤,技艺越发长 进了。回来的路上,他俩盯着窗外,从黎明看到黄昏。他们仔仔细细地看着每ー处 风景,品评着那意境、那特点、那味道。幽远的山,黛色的树林,大树的古老枯拙,新 竹的摇绿滴翠,每一座峰峦,每ー个岩洞,山村的竹篱和城镇的小楼,河里的帆船和 山壑的流泉,拱桥、绿地、陵墓,他们被大自然的美陶冶了,丰富了。<br />
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他们付出了辛勤的劳动,为了那些花。无论多么热的夏天,浇一两盆花总不过 是消遣;但是浇2000盆花,就得流下半瓢汗。如果是嫁接2000棵花,就能把一家 人累个半死!但是他们却毫不吝惜地付出了这些劳动。他们渐渐地积累了许多知 识,明白了月季在南方为什么开花那么小,牡丹在南方为什么不肯活,崎虫和介壳 虫怎么治,米兰为什么发黄,变叶木怎么培植……<br />
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他们有了一点小名气。<br />
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省委书记刘杰在接见他时说:“你的蜡梅盆景少,这种盆景别有韵致,若是出 ロ ,能换一大批外汇。”刘杰交代他任务:努力培植蜡梅盆景。<br />
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到哪里找梅根呢?左寻右访,终于打听到秦岭上有许多老梅树,父子俩便背了 20条麻袋,带着小锯、铁镐和小刀上路了。<br />
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那真是名不虚传的“难于上青天”的蜀道。他们上山时ー步步爬,下山时ー节 节蹭。在壁立的山崖上刨梅树,ー不小心就会跌下去摔死。但是,正因为险奇,这 里オ保存着古老的梅树,保留着美,平淡无奇的地方都被庸俗占去了。他们的唯一 乐趣就是这漫山遍野的蜡梅花,在高高的山上,在这冷浸浸的风里,香得那么峻奇 高雅,颜色那么峭拔不俗,深沉大方,<br />
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追求什么,便以什么为乐趣。<br />
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终于,他们的花圃建立起来了。多么美的盛景啊!春天,榆叶梅开着红花,含 笑开着白花,瓜叶菊的花蓝得迷人,粉红的绛桃和大红的碧桃争奇斗艳。红腾腾的 杜鹃,金黄的迎春、探春和金钟花都开了。它们在召唤春天,装点春天。高贵的牡 丹和美丽的芍药开过以后夏天到来了,四季桂、米兰、夏鹃、竹叶海棠像天仙妃子ー 样各逞风流。ー茬未败,另ー茬又开了。八月桂花,九月菊花、扶桑开得那么俊秀, 银绣球像雍容的贵夫人。即使是冬天,这里的花也五彩缤纷:蜡梅不消说了,仙客 来粉面含丹,蟹爪兰挂红披彩,绒墩墩的大岩桐,娇嫩的水仙。特别是那君子兰,丛 生的条形厚叶中间,盛开的花串好似ー团火,热情、大方、端庄、宁静,多像一位高洁 的君子!<br />
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为了这些花,除了省吃俭用之外,他们还借债4000多元。<br />
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美换来了赞叹,换来了钦佩,也招来了丑。<br />
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有人来“看看”,直爽地要走几盆花,虚伪些的并不开口,但只要主人说“想要 就端两盆吧”,他就拿着,一点儿也不客气。<br />
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本地和外地的干部来“参观拜访”了,也要几盆花作个“纪念” 〇<br />
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有的装作老熟人的样子,趁杨吉祥不在家,对女主人“大姐”长“大姐”短地叫 ー阵子,像没出五服似的,也得到了好处。<br />
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ー个卖瓜的骗去了 20多盆。<br />
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ー个派出所的开着摩托来,带走3盆扶桑。<br />
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1982年,杨吉祥的女儿做了一个不完全统计,被这样端走的花就价值两千 多元。<br />
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杨家人并不是小气的,他们也不是为了日后索债,是想知道一年共培植了多 少,大体有个数。他们那些被端走的花,有些是真心想送给人家的,那大多是熟人 好友,但好友又往往执意不要他们的花。大部分是不得不给。给三回五回可以,一 回不给就不行,说三道四,闲言碎语,难听极了。<br />
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有的说:“什么君子兰,几片叶子就像蜀黍叶似的,开ー朵花,就卖100块!”<br />
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有的说:“什么铁树,像个烂红薯疙瘩似的,长出几根叶就卖十几块,几根古里 古怪的梅花根就值那么多钱?”<br />
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“人家杨吉祥见着大官了,咱这样小干部人家理不着了。不就是养了点花 吗!”……<br />
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县人大常委会和妇联开会,为了布置会场,让杨吉祥搬来君子兰、铁树等花卉。 两个大会结束后,主持者叫杨收点钱,杨吉祥各收了 !5块钱。<br />
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县委副书记领ー名演员来赏花,原先说要两三盆花,后来一下子端走了 16盆, 其中有培育多年的名贵的君子兰、文竹、铁树等,总共值280多块。副书记说:“算 算,多少钱?开个条。”杨吉祥犹豫半天,有心不要,但价值实在太高了 ,他和这演员 素无交往;如果要,是不是抹了县委领导人的面子?想来想去,开了一个150块钱 的条子。县委不报销,转到文化局,文化局也不报销,又转到东关剧场……<br />
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去年,杨吉祥去看刘杰,主要谈谈培育梅花盆景问题,刘杰问起是否有人白拿 花,杨吉祥就如实地讲了一点情况。后来,《河南日报》将这次谈话的记录稿整理 发表了。<br />
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这三件事在襄城县引起了轩然大波。<br />
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“杨吉祥这小子,连油锅里的钱都敢抓!”<br />
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“他送给人家演员花,又要钱,有点不像话。”<br />
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“他是咱县的人,县里开大会用花,他还要钱!”<br />
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ー些机关干部经常围在ー起,以嘲笑的口吻说:“喂,谁拿人家专业户的花了? 咱可没拿。”<br />
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“这样的专业户是投机倒把,得罚。罚他万儿八千就行了。”<br />
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这种鼓噪越来越强,杨吉祥压カ很大。<br />
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打击ー个接ー个地来。<br />
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杨吉祥与刘杰的谈话,刺激了许多人虚伪卑鄙的面皮,他们恨不得把一切灾难 都加在杨吉祥身上。<br />
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整整一个春节,杨家是在巨大的压カ下度过的。到底犯了什么罪?有什么错? 从社会舆论到政法机关,全向一个无辜的专业户伸出了矛头。杨吉祥难过极了,他 知道什么叫县官不如现管了,他知道强龙不压地头蛇了。不就是向省委书记说了 几句实话吗?而且也没有告状的意思。于是,有人就受不了啦!似乎在那一片地 方,谁要当官,连这地方的每一条蚯蚓都是他的!他们喜欢权カ无限论,就像孩子 喜欢肉馅饼ー样。<br />
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一年四季,花儿还是那么美,杨吉祥不断地把美散布到四面八方,但留给他的 是忧愁和不安。他现在オ发现,自己这个专业户是这么脆弱,如同新出土的小嫩芽 ー样。钱如此可怕,难怪大家不敢富;美,如此不幸,难怪有追求的人必须向庸碌之 辈低三下四,借以求得他们的宽恕。这难道是正常的吗? “如果老这样下去,咱不 当这受罪的专业户了。”他要求护花神好好保护这些美丽的花和养花的人,唱ー出 新时代的《秋翁遇仙记》。<br />
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原野从未像现在这样充满生机。<br />
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看:草芽儿顽强地拱破坚硬的地皮,探出头来,借灿烂的阳光和温暖的春风神 奇地给自己披上绿装;耐了一冬风寒的大树也抖擞起精神来,黄河之水颠破迟化的 冰块,向着大海涌流;从大洋面上吹来的湿润的空气把沙漠里的红柳唤醒。变幻 着、蒸腾着、震荡着,于是,如此广袤的原野上出现了气压的峰和槽,风也就形成了。<br />
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社会和大自然惟妙惟肖。当春风掠过原野,回鸣山谷,搅动水波的时候,世界 上我们的这一部分也在动荡。没有形成カ偶的,正加速前行,这是时代的信使;形 成カ偶的,便成为旋风,所到之处,迫使每一片树叶都发出各自的声音……<br />
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风起了,起于青萍之末。<br />
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风,吹皱小商河浅浅的春水。在小商河旁边,是一座轮窑。窑的主人是魏富 根。这个小个子农民已经完全抛弃了土地,专门从事这个烧砖的事业了。他与临 颍县的ー个生产队订了合同,每年付给被吃土的生产队10980元,还答应给两个生 产队长各买ー辆自行车。<br />
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烧香引出鬼来!正当魏富根生意兴隆时,那两个全国最小的干部便最大限度 地使用起权カ来。他们轮番来“借”钱。小商河可以作证,高高的烟囱可以作证, 魏富根的同事可以作证:两个人,ー个借去红砖28200块,ー个拉去34000块,ー个 “借”800元,ー个“借” 1100多元。叫他们写个借条,不写。<br />
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这些土地之主没有尊重合同的习惯。这些人好像赌场的老板,无论谁发财都 得有他们ー份,因为你在他的地皮上。不然,就可以搞垮你。那么大一个轮窑,反 正你魏富根不能像蜗牛那样一下子背走。<br />
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于是,魏富根怕他们翻脸,委曲求全。他们得寸进尺,无底洞填不满。当魏富 根稍稍表示异议时,他们就发下话来:不准再朝下吃土 !<br />
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这等于叫这砖窑停エ。<br />
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他们又在本来平坦的土地上堆了一些小土堆,说不定这些假坟墓ー个要勒索 多少钱呢?！<br />
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工商业的发展面临着封建势カ的阻拦。<br />
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魏富根常常站在杨再兴的墓前想来想去。抗金名将杨再兴在众寡悬殊的情况 下战死在这里了。魏富根不怕上边,上边就是变,也得有个说法,至少得作个价オ 能归公吧！但他怕这眼前的祸。他自己一个人,无兄无弟,身小力薄,人家那边户 大兵多,哥哥当着大队支部副书记。不用说:“此诚不可与争锋”。难道他也要像 杨再兴那样,战死在这小商河边吗?那么他就把这烟囱留下,当作纪念碑,告诉人 们,是什么力量扼杀了离开土地的人的生命……<br />
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风,既然是风,便不会只吹向一个地方。<br />
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许昌地区有一个卖梨膏糖的,领了执照,按月及时交纳税款,每月35元。后来 见他生意挺好,税干部不高兴了,叫他补交税款500元。业主请这位没头脑的干部 喝了一次酒,税干部高兴了,把税款减为200元。不久,他又叫业主为他弄些盖房 用的檀条,业主作难,税干部不高兴,又要升为500元,于是业主赶快为他置办齐了 送去,他又高兴了。后来,税干部又看上了人家姑娘,想让这姑娘做他的儿媳,业主 不同意,税干部不高兴了,税款又升到500元……<br />
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有一个动画片叫《没头脑和不高兴》。中国有许多没头脑的人,偏偏他们又随 时随地地不高兴,这可怎么得了 ！<br />
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听ー听这里的风声吧,多么阴森凄冷！宜阳县个体户冯电哲因派给他的补税 金额太重,不去参加县统战会（冯有重要亲属在外）,让其妻王粉娇说明情况。税 务所长训她:“那个冯电哲,你告到统战部也不中,统战部是管和尚庙和基督教的 （简直是胡说八道！）。它啥单位?你过去是反革命家属,现在至少也是坏蛋家属。 不怕你冯电哲万元户,你有经济实カ,却没有政治实カ（注意!）,你有一万二,我罚 你ー万三,非把你弄垮不可「’这个所的会计对他说:“叫你交多少就得交多少,不 能问,ー问罚20元。”冯每月交税I91元,现在又叫他重交3822元,他觉得没法活 了,就喝了毒药氯丙嗪（幸未死）。<br />
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风刮得不小啊!这ー场风过,河南省仅工商个体户,一下子就减少了 8万,占 总数的百分之20%! 一有风吹草动,有些人就推波助澜,企图扭转乾坤。<br />
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风吹到北京来。一位副部长把一大堆交通事故的照片朝桌上一推,发开了脾 气,怨运输专业户多了,压死人了云云。这时,河南省委调研室的一位干部立即奋 起驳斥:“是的,找这样三十五十的事例不难,中国的事就是这样,干什么都能找到 论据。但是,你怎么不计算一下比例?到底是国营的出事故多,还是个人的多?据 我所知,专业户对自己的车是爱惜备至的,每误ー个エ时,每出一次事故,对他们损 失都很大。河南的事实是,运输专业户出车祸的比例很小。中国农民过去那么苦, 现在好不容易富起来了,这难道不是进步吗?交通部门谁关怀他们啦?有什么资 格这样谴责人家……”<br />
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谁能够走到生活的真实中去,倾听一下那私下里的议论,就会发现,争论和生 机在那原野上一起滋长。让这种生机发展下去,把问题争论清楚。不然,那青萍之 末的风有可能酿成折楫摧桅的飓风,至少,它也会使杜陵的庄稼“禾穗未熟皆 青干”。<br />
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金字塔将变为绿地。乡村又一次在包围城市。<br />
河流不睬池塘的悲哀,继续向大海流去。<br />
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原野在呼唤:历史上不存在至高无上的东西……<br />
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啊,我们的原野从来没有像今天这样“高产”,它不仅创造出数量巨大的物质 财富,也在创造着思想。动荡着、发展着、交错着、斗争着,那里有动人的音响,绚丽 的色彩,栩栩如生的英雄和小丑,也有美妙的诗和深刻的潜台词……虽然是序幕, 但这序幕是如此的辉煌!我们今天的原野已经迫使人们不能再对它熟视无睹了。<br />
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静下心来,捡ー块葱绿的草坡坐下,聆听一下原野的声音吧。它告诉我们:陶 令笔下的桃花源已经不再是中国农民的至美的憧憬,许多概念,诸如家庭、劳动、私 有财产、个人利益等等,都应当得到新的评议。我们应当在这种新的评议中找到ー 把钥匙,无数的事实告诉人们:我们所以能够吃得上饭并不是由于屠户、面包师和 酿酒工人的仁慈,而是他们出于自身利益的考虑。“让每一个社会成员去追求他自 <br />
己的最大利益吧,我从未见过那些假借为别人谋利之名的人做出了多大贡献。”这 话,亚当・斯密早就说过了。<br />
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但经济学已经不只是亚当・斯密和凯恩斯所在的国家的学科,中国的乡村在 为其提供新的东西。英国人以圈地的方法把牧民赶出绿色的草地,从而使英格兰 的纺织厂得到了大批工人,我们却以如此自然的、健康的、人道的方式使亿万农民 从乡间的阡陌上走出来,加入了现代社会的潮流。我不知道一帮人为什么对这样 伟大的变革老是喋喋不休地斥责和攻击!<br />
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一本写在原野上的《政治经济学》告诉我们:商品经济必须在自由的空气中オ 能顺利发展,正所谓“相濡以沫,未若相忘江湖也”。西方工商业是在摆脱了农奴 制的束缚,在封建行会不能控制的地方发展起来的;中国自战国以后工商业的发展 就超过了西方的相应时期,之所以最终又落后了,主要是封建制度这位大爷过于专 横和愚蠢。宋人石介在《石徂徘集》中说:“国家之禁,疏密不得其中矣。”政治和经 济不应是爷孙,而应当是夫妻,可惜这样的爷爷在我们的原野上还很多,那些控制 着多大地盘就把这里的每一条蚯蚓都视为己有的“领主们”,在为所欲为地打击压 制新的经济幼苗,在虐待他的“妻子”,使她手足无措。那些有了固定的私有财富 也便有了硬化的思想的人,总是企图削平任何形式的山包,以便他在ー马平川上纵 横跋扈。但历史的潮流注定了这样ー个趋势:金字塔将变为草地一绿色的、鲜活 的、承受着阳光也为自然提供财富的草地。<br />
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在那片原野上,站出了一批人物,这是ー个天天都在增长的巨大的数字。他们 从原野上走出来了,变为企业家,变为商人,变为新的教育工作者和艺术工作者。 在他们身上,我们看到了被压抑的胆量、智慧和才华如此汹涌地迸发出来,当千百 万这样的人物被承认之后,他们所叫出来的声音,所带出来的经验,将模糊这些界 限,同时也廓清许多认识,并开拓许多新的领域。先知先觉者从原野上将得到的最 大恩赐就是:农民问题不再是他们难以处理的沉重的包袱,而是ー只巨大的储 油箱。<br />
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原野上的景象如此激动人心,不是因为家家有了收音机,不是出了一批万元 户,而是体制的改变。你看,他们把大豆做成腐竹,把红薯制成酒精,将水果加工成 罐头,将饲料变成猪鸭鸡兔。于是,商品的涓涓细流在原野上汇集了,火车、汽车、 商贩的摩托和推销员的三寸不烂之舌,把这些细流引入城市,又把城市的东西带回 乡村,商品使整个社会像网ー样联结起来。这个商品的浪潮又和大洋的那边连在 ー起,许多农民的产品打入了国际市场。农民的工厂正以独具的优势同国营企业 竞争。自然经济正在向商品经济过渡,中国社会经济的素质在悄悄地向文明方向 变化。乡村又一次包围城市了!各种势カ都在对此表态。于是,池塘悲哀地哭了 起来,它容易满足,又不肯流动,宁愿腐败也不愿丢失什么,所以它骂流动的河水浅 薄、粗鲁,还危言耸听地告诉人们:河水泛滥了可扬不得帆!但河流仍然欢唱着,人 们仍然在上面扬帆航运,撒网捕鱼。池塘也咒骂大海,因为流水奔向了它,充实了 它。大海以巨大的胃口囊括了巨大的财富。大海不动声色,它总是那么幽深,那么 博大,那么信心十足。<br />
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原野上的波涛真的在拍打古老的城墙了,新鲜的空气正诱惑着城墙里面昏昏 欲睡的人们。许多人处在进的担忧和退的惶惧之中,他们为了不让树枝划破头皮 而宁肯做ー个侏儒。但新的经济,新的思想,新的人和新的体制正在顽强地生长。 伟大的难产可能诞生一个辉煌的婴儿。听吧,原野在高声呼唤我们:“放开你的步 子,写一部新的《创业史》。历史上不存在至高无上的东西,只有创造オ是神 圣的！”<br />
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（原载《报告文学》1984年第6期）<br />
热血男儿<br />
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李士非<br />
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满腔的热血已经沸腾。<br />
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《国际歌》<br />
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ー、能见到袁庚吗?<br />
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在改革浪潮汹涌澎湃的今天,蛇口エ业区和它的领导人袁庚,名扬国内外,越 来越引人注目。<br />
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但是,我接受写袁庚的任务,未免有点儿冒险。我从来没见过他,手头也没有 积累多少关于他的资料,而且听说采访他很困难:他是香港招商局常务副董事长 （人们因此亲切地称他为袁董）,大部分时间在香港,每到蛇口,都忙得不可开交, 实在抽不出时间接受采访。但是,过去几次陪外地作家到蛇口参观,听过介绍,看 过录像,袁庚和蛇口已经引起我强烈的兴趣,接受了这个写作任务就可以到蛇口 来,这个诱惑是不可抗拒的。“能见到袁庚吗?”“即使见不到袁庚也要写!”所谓 “冒险”,无非是写不出或写不好,个人面子不好看罢了,比起袁庚和他的朋友们从 事改革所冒的风险,简直是微不足道的。<br />
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仅仅为了呼吸一下蛇口改革的空气,到这里待ー些日子也是值得的。<br />
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“如果你只能待很短的时间,我劝你趁早打退堂鼓,不要重蹈某电影编剧的覆 辙。”一位好心的朋友这样劝我。谢谢这位朋友的好意,开弓没有回头箭,退堂鼓是 不好打的。<br />
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二、夜访梁宪<br />
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在蛇口采访真不易。我7月中旬到蛇口,袁庚出国去了,说是7月底或8月初 才能回来。最了解他的ー个人,东江纵队时期就和他ー起工作,现任蛇口工业区顾 <br />
问的许智明,到澳大利亚探亲去了,归期未定。这里的工作节奏与内地大不相同, “时间就是金钱,效率就是生命”,白天工作紧张,找人谈话很难,晚上访问也要事 先约定,因为许多正式的和非正式的会是在晚上开的。一天在办公大楼电梯口碰 上袁庚的儿子袁中印,《深圳特区报》记者陈宜浩同志向他介绍了我的来意,他马 上说:“有什么好写的?这么多人写过了,要出书收集一下就行了嘛。”我想这是受 了乃父的影响,不大欢迎采访。“慢慢来吧,我一定要找你的。”我心里说。<br />
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多蒙在这儿挂职当办公室副主任的珠影编剧、女作家黄虹坚同志帮忙,约定了 一天晚上9点钟去访问エ业区管委会委员梁宪。我和黄虹坚、陈宜浩三人,穿过海 滨花园,沐着海风,经过灯光璀璨的“海上世界”明华轮旁边,漫步走向梁宪的住 处。早已听说,他!962年毕业于中山大学外语系,是梁宗岱教授的高足,对法国文 学很有研究。果然,ー见之下,我就感到他是ー个充满艺术气质的人。<br />
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他掏出港币,买了几罐冰镇可口可乐待客,然后和我们谈笑风生。<br />
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“你们是文人,我是商人。我是弃文从商。我老婆也是文人,她在中央戏剧学 院教书。我对她说:你讲的唐诗宋词是很美的,但是解决不了老百姓的肚子问题。 中国像你们这样的文人太多,像我这样的商人太少了。”他突然对着黄虹坚说了一 句英语,“I will change you into a business woman.”我听了莫名其妙,黄虹坚ー时也 没反应过来,陈宜浩翻译说:“他说要把你改造成一个女商人。”我们都开心地笑 起来。<br />
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梁宪大学毕业的时候,老百姓正在饿肚子,大概没有哪个单位需要一个研究法 国文学的尖子,后来他到了交通部。1979年7月派到香港招商局工作,比袁庚晚半 年多一点。袁庚很器重他,有人说他是袁庚的“智囊人物”。<br />
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“我去香港的时候,老婆说:最怕你没骨气,没骨气趁早离婚。当然这点骨气是 有的,外派干部只要有一点热血,就不是追求几大件,而是感到抬不起头来!<br />
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“刚到香港,每天看电视见偷渡青年戴着手铐,ー串串的,海上漂着偷渡者的尸 体,我们不能忍受,啪一声把电视关了。<br />
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“我们国内建设搞不好,连ー些在香港长大的外派干部的子女也瞧不起我们, 心里真难受呀。所以,我很理解袁庚搞改革的心情。他说过:’我之所以这么干,是 为了实现我入党时的初衷。’”<br />
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一番话说得我心情沉重起来。停了一会儿,梁宪又概括地说:<br />
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“我熟悉的人当中,有两个热血男儿,ー个是我爱人的干爹刘任涛,ー个就是 袁庚!”<br />
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好一个“热血男儿” !这个词太恰当了,把这两个人相提并论太好了,我不禁<br />
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怦然心动,觉得找到了通向袁庚内心世界的最佳途径。<br />
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也真巧,比我年长20岁的刘任涛,是我尊敬的长辈和忘年之交。这位中国第 一流的眼科专家,共和国成立初期是上海劳动医院的院长,曾为刘伯承元帅安过义 眼。后来因为写了电影剧本《和平鸽》,改行当了电影编剧,“文化大革命”中在珠 影被诬为“历史反革命”,打断五根肋骨,投进监狱。在英德“五七干校”监督劳动 期间,他看到一位农村妇女因患白内障而双目失明,不顾自己的政治处境,不顾没 有任何医疗条件,决心用刮胡子刀片为患者动手术。好心人劝他:“万一失败,你就 是阶级报复,就会重进监狱。”他不听,他终于成功了。“作为医生,我拯救了我的 灵魂。”现在的他年过古稀,立下遗嘱:死后把眼睛献给中山医学院眼库。然后为恢 复和建立盲童学校而到处奔走呼吁……<br />
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刘任涛和袁庚,经历和事业完全不同,但是他们的满腔热血、赤子之心和献身 精神,是多么相似呵!我从熟悉的刘任涛想象不熟悉的袁庚,觉得对袁庚也开始熟 悉了。<br />
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三、“冒险家”<br />
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刘任涛以专政对象的身份用刮胡子刀片为贫农妇女割白内障,要冒风险。袁 庚在蛇口进行改革,要冒更大的风险:两年之前,不是有人在报上写文章含沙射影 地攻击经济特区嘛!<br />
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但是,时代毕竟不同了,今天的改革是在党中央领导之下进行的。1983年2月 9日,胡耀邦总书记视察蛇口工业区,袁庚在总书记面前披肝沥胆,和总书记有一 段精彩的对话。<br />
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袁庚:关于改革问题,现在就是要搞全面改革。从历史上看,凡是搞改革 的人都没有好下场。两千多年前商鞅变法,最后落得个五马分尸。王安石变 法也没有好下场。康有为、梁启超只是搞君主立宪,改良主义,结果六君子被 杀了头。孙中山搞改革也失败了。现在我们的改革,我想不会落得前人这样 的下场,我们是在党的领导下进行的,不会有问题吧,我们值得冒这个险!<br />
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胡耀邦:过去的改革是下层少数人去改,领导者、统治者是压制的。现在 不同,我们领导者是带头号召和督促下面去改,现在和过去根本不同嘛!<br />
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袁庚:我们感到,我们的干部是不大怕群众的,只怕顶头上司,怕上司不喜 欢就当不成官。就我这个小小的头头来说,我每次来蛇口,ー上码头,前呼后 拥的,下面的同志唯恐照顾不周。有时自己不清醒,就会忘乎所以,久而久之, 就不怕群众,不怕下级,因为群众、下级撤不了我的职,我只怕交通部,怕顶头 上司,只有他们才能撤我的职。<br />
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所以,群众监督干部,群众有权选举和罢免干部,这至关重要。我们这里 想搞个改革试点,管委会由群众选举产生,每年投一次信任票,如果不信任票 超过半数,管委会就得改选,个别委员的不信任票超过半数就得下台。这种公 开的、直接的,由群众投票选举的领导班子,就会想群众之所想,急群众之所 急,就会真正去为群众做点好事。因为有些领导一旦权在手,就有人自动送礼 上门,如果头脑不清醒,不能自律,就会忘乎所以。还有些干部自己不懂又装 懂,诸如此类。如果群众有权选举和监督干部,我相信可以改变一下干部的结 构和干部的作风。我们想做这样ー个不太小的改革,准备冒一点风险。<br />
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胡耀邦:（点头）好!很好!<br />
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袁庚:总书记说了好,我们就记录在案,马上打报告这样做。<br />
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胡耀邦:（高兴地站起来）我们历史上有个著名的戏剧家叫关汉卿,在哪 ー出戏里我忘记了,讽刺官僚主义者,他不敢骂台上的官,只敢骂戏台上堂前 的鼓。有一段唱词说:“一棵大树腹中空,两头都是皮儿绷,每天上堂敲三下, R卜咚ゆ咚又ゆ咚。”就是不懂不懂又不懂嘛!（全场大笑）<br />
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党中央总书记和蛇口工业区党委书记心心相印,想到ー块去了,这在蛇口的发 展史上,是应当大书特书的。<br />
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1983年4月24日,选举产生了蛇口エ业区新的管理委员会。1984年4月22 日,按期举行了对管委会的信任投票。是不是一定要搞信任投票?组干处处长虞 德海说:“连我都有点犹豫。因为信任投票的结果是要兑现的,信任票不足半数就 得下台。我想是不是搞个民意测验算了。但是袁董很坚决,一定要搞信任投票。” 投票结果,管委会成员的信任票全部超过半数,袁庚的信任票最多。当天晚上,全 部投票公开,任人查阅,尽管有些票上的批评意见很尖锐,如“某某能力低”“某某 不堪信任”之类,也不加掩饰。<br />
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这是蛇口工业区所有改革中最重要的改革。<br />
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四、“那里不肯放,就辞职!”<br />
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选举产生领导班子,定期举行信任投票,这是袁庚深思熟虑的ー项决定。他深<br />
深感到,不改革干部制度,不改变干部结构,任何改革都无从谈起,“四化”也只是 一句空话。<br />
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有的领导干部,居然问来访的英国剑桥大学的客人:“你们大学建多大的桥?” 问来访的美国客人:“英国人讲英语,你们美国人讲什么语?”还有人向中央领导同 志汇报他到香港考察的收获:“思想来了个三百六十度的大转弯!”如此等等,令人 啼笑皆非。这样的干部,怎能担当建设“四化”的重任!<br />
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蛇口还在“五通一平”（通水、通电、通路、通气、通风、平整土地）,指挥部只有 二十多个干部的时候,袁庚就开始考虑如何培育ー支年轻化、知识化、专业化、革命 化的干部队伍。1981年,他排除阻カ,毅然决定举办企业管理干部培训班,从全国 各地招收理工科大学毕业生。用他的话说,“我是个冒险家,为了蛇口的改革,我从 全国各地罗致了一批小冒险家”。<br />
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当时蛇口工业区还没有力量派出自己的招生人员,委托交通部下属的交通科 学院情报所代为主持,在武汉举行了第一次考试。第一个走进考场的是交通部长、 江航运科研所船体研究室工程师王潮梁。<br />
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王潮梁!938年出生于江苏无锡,1960年毕业于西北工业大学飞机系飞机设计 专业。早在1958年,他就参考外国的资料,在我国第一个开始研究飞翔船的气垫 原理,并和同学们一道造出了样品,在北京大学的未名湖上表演过。当时英国人对 飞翔船的研究只比他们早半年。可是,在“大炼钢铁”比科学研究更受重视的年 代,几个毛头小伙的研究只有夭折的份儿。他毕业后被分配到某飞机エ厂飞机设 计室任产品主管设计员,那时生产要听驻厂军代表的,而军代表只相信苏联专家和 苏联图纸。比如某种螺旋桨规定要用乌拉尔的木料,翻砂规定要用乌克兰的型砂, 即便中国有更好的木料和更好的型砂,也不准更改。初出茅庐的王潮梁憋了一肚 子气,却毫无办法。岁月如流,王潮梁搞了 17年飞机设计,却看到我们的飞机エ业 比印度还落后;又研制了四年的飞翔船,却看不到一艘飞翔船下水,那种壮志难酬 的痛苦折磨着他的雄心。有一个赴联邦德国考察的机会,唯一的名额给了业务上 根本不能与他相比的某部长的女儿。当他从报上看到蛇口工业区企业管理干部培 训班招生的广告时,他兴奋极了,“蛇口是凭本事干事业的地方,去!”立刻把广告 剪下来,郑重地贴在本子上。<br />
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他第一个走进考场,第一个走出考场。笔试、面试,成绩优良。主持考试的情 报所林鸿慈同志下了结论:这是个人才,录取！<br />
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但是,在中国有一个很大的矛盾:生产资料是全民所有制,干部却是单位私有 制。ー个单位可以把ー个或ー批人才冷藏ー辈子<br />
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长江航运科研所不肯放人。<br />
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198I年11月,袁庚正在广州住院。林鸿慈到广东省医院东病区看他,向他汇 报了招生的情况,特别谈到了王潮梁的问题。<br />
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袁庚很激动。<br />
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“小王是不是党员?”<br />
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“不是。”<br />
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“不是党员就好办些。不知他有没有胆量,开个头,那里不肯放,就辞职!我这 里收。最多就是人家去告状,最后告到国务院。我就想有一两个同志来开这个先 例。告到国务院,我们就把这个同志的情况报上去,中央领导会支持我们。新华社 社长曾涛同志就希望我们能捅开’干部私有制’。现在人才浪费问题太严重。人 在单位不充分发挥作用,又不让调,这个局面不打开是不成的!”<br />
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林鸿慈被袁庚打动了,写信把这次谈话内容告诉了王潮梁,同时通过各种渠道 去做说服、疏通工作。终于,用不着王潮梁辞职,单位同意放人了。1982年,王潮 梁来到蛇口工业区。<br />
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五、企业管理研究生<br />
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1982年12月的一天晚上,ー个三十来岁的年轻人到了北京西苑袁庚的家里。<br />
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这是一次事先约定的会见。<br />
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年轻人叫余昌民,刚从清华大学第一届企业管理系毕业的研究生。他原是清 华电机系自动化专业1970年的毕业生,工作了八九年,深感中国企业管理的弊病 太多,1979年回到清华攻读企业管理研究生。1980年余昌民到日本进修了一年, 专门研究日本的企业管理。日本人把这件事当作一个重要的信息,《读卖新闻》为 此发了专稿,登了他的照片。如今余昌民毕业了,干什么好呢?学校建议他到国家 经委属下的中国企业研究协会去,这当然是个专业对口的美差,但是在武汉工作的 爱人很难调进北京。正在这时候,蛇口改革的风吹到了他的耳中。他每星期上街 去买《深圳特区报》,得到一本最早的《投资简介》也视为珍宝,如饥似渴地加以研 究。不难判断,蛇口エ业区正是施展抱负的理想之地。到蛇口去!决心下定了,系 里也表示支持。现在袁庚到北京开会,经朋友介绍,他就来登门拜访了。<br />
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会面的一瞬间,两个人互相观察了一下。<br />
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“这就是著名的改革家袁庚吗?穿件中式棉袄,和一般的老干部没啥差别,不 是想象中的那个改革家的模样,而且听说他文化程度不高……投到他那儿是否真 的值得?”<br />
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真正的一闪念,没容余昌民多想,袁庚已经热情地让座、斟茶了。<br />
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谈话开门见山。<br />
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“你认为中国经济的致命问题在哪里?”<br />
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“在于体制。”<br />
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“对了!”袁庚兴奋起来,侃侃而谈,“上海一家造船厂的厂长曾经对我诉苦,说 他们要一千人,劳动部门分配来的只有三百人顶用,那七百是搭配的闲人,你再要, 就再搭配,再多余,反正是大锅饭,大家糊里糊涂有的吃就行了,还说这是社会主义 的优越性!这样,工厂冗员越来越多,工厂成了小社会,在这里懒惰的剥削勤劳的, 形成一种可怕的社会习惯势カ,败坏着我们的民族素质!这样的体制不改革,我们 就没有出路!”<br />
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“我的ー篇论文,提出了企业的素质问题。”<br />
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“有何高见?”<br />
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“素质,好比基本作用,像女排,形成了她们的基本作风,就有战斗カ。”<br />
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“就把ー个企业比作球队吧,假如你是教练,别人随便塞人给你,你怎么办?”<br />
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“我不要。”<br />
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“不要不行!”<br />
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“那我不干。”<br />
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“对了,就得这样。”<br />
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一老ー少,越谈越投机,彼此都有知音之感。余昌民内心深处ー闪而过的那点 疑虑也完全打消了。<br />
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“我们这里可要冒点风险。”<br />
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“正因为这样オ要去,建设好了还去干什么?”<br />
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“你个人有什么要求?”<br />
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“只要求家属ー起去。”<br />
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“这个我们来办。”<br />
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两个月后,余昌民父亲去世,回家奔丧。这时学校态度起了变化,系里要留他。 企业管理系刚刚建立,工作需要,理由是很充分的。但是余昌民的心已经随着袁庚 飞往蛇口,收不回来了。<br />
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1983年3月,袁庚邀请清华大学校长刘达到蛇口做客,系里派余昌民随行。系 领导的目的,是让校长对余昌民有个印象,说服他留下来,同时出面解决他家属的 户ロ问题。<br />
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谁知事与愿违。刘达一行一到蛇口,袁庚就问余昌民调动的事定了没有,余昌 民暗示要做刘达的工作。<br />
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余昌民再一次请求:“校长,让我来蛇口吧。”<br />
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“系里要我帮忙留你,我也答应过留你的。”刘校长面有难色。<br />
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袁庚一再要求支持:“刘达同志,把小余给我们吧,我们迫切需要企业管理的专 门人才。”<br />
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刘达心动了。这位参加过“ー二・九”运动的老同志,早在1957年当林业部部 长时就以“包庇知识分子”出名,他对蛇口的需要和袁庚、余昌民的心情是充分理 解的。但是他必须尊重系领导,答应回去后和系里研究解决。<br />
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回去后,余昌民给系里写了报告,对系里的教育培养表示感谢,说明清华企业 管理系有必要让自己的毕业生参加蛇口建设,这对学校今后的调研和信息来源都 至关重要。<br />
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问题迎刃而解。7月,夫妇双方的调动手续都办妥了。<br />
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当余昌民到エ业区大楼报到的时候,在大楼门外遇到了袁庚。袁庚亲热地拉 着他的手一直从大门外走到电梯口,边走边说:“你是研究企业管理的,你先熟悉ー 下情况,有把握了再谈工作……”<br />
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袁庚还给刘达写了一封感谢信,其中有一段话:<br />
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关于小余的事,同志们对您大公无私精神至为赞佩。清华失ー小余,无妨 大局,蛇口得之,如虎添翼……行看清华桃李满天下,エ业区将受其惠。<br />
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重感情的刘达,把这封信送给了余昌民,让他留作永久的纪念。<br />
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六、星期天的早晨<br />
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星期天早晨8点钟,顾立基刚起床,洗了脸,正在泡方便面。同房间的四个同 学还在酣睡。星期六晚上是可以迟熄灯的,大家都熬了夜,现在让他们多睡一会儿 吧。顾立基轻手轻脚,唯恐弄出一点声音来。<br />
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“请问顾立基同志住在这里吗?”<br />
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门外传来ー个声音。顾立基一看,走廊上站着ー个六十多岁的老人和一个 姑娘。<br />
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“我就是顾立基,您是?”<br />
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“我是袁庚,蛇口的袁庚〇”老人首先伸出手来,“这是我女儿尼亚,她不放心我 的身体,一定要陪我来,其实我的身体还可以。你看,骑了半小时车子,轻松愉快。”<br />
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顾立基做梦也没想到大名鼎鼎的袁庚会跑到清华大学的学生宿舍来找自己。 他深受感动。<br />
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“我们到楼下谈吧,同学们还在睡觉。”<br />
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楼下有一张靠背长椅,三个人并排坐下了。5月的早晨,不冷不热,阳光和煦, 轻风拂面,校园一片宁静的气氛。<br />
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“听说你发起组织了一个企业管理爱好者协会?”<br />
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“是的,现在会员有一千多人了,成立大会刘达、于光远都来参加了。”<br />
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“还听说你想当厂长?”<br />
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“您的信息很灵通啊,”顾立基笑了, “我是说过想当厂长,为此还惹过ー些麻 烦呢。”<br />
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“什么麻烦?”<br />
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“有人说我是野心家。”<br />
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“岂有此理!想当个厂长是什么野心!’不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵’,这 是拿破仑说的还是谁说的? 一个大学生想当厂长有什么不对!”<br />
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“我是学电脑的,但是我感到中国更需要管理人才,所以主动旁听了企业管理 系研究生的全部课程。”<br />
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“到蛇口去吧,我们那里有个企业管理干部培训班,要培养大量的管理人才。”<br />
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“去年11月看到关于蛇口的一个录像,我的心就动了,只是还没下定决心。”<br />
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“现在呢?”<br />
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“现在下定决心了,去蛇口。”<br />
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“好！我们欢迎你！有什么困难吗?”<br />
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有什么困难? 1982年的初夏,社会上对深圳特区的非议还是不少的,有人在 报上写文章大谈旧中国的租界,影射特区有变成租界的危险,造成一股无形的压 力,因此有人说“特区前途未卜”。这些,可以不予考虑。顾立基想和袁庚这样的 人在ー起,冒点风险也是值得的。上海的公司希望他回去,下属工厂任他挑选,这 些,对他有一定的吸引力。他自从!967年中学毕业,1968年进上海印染机械修配 厂,十年中当过锅炉エ、车エ、錠エ、钳エ、电エ,当过专职的团总支书记。因为看不 惯王洪文的小兄弟控制的工厂造反队的胡作非为,1974年顾立基和他们争吵过ー 次,挨了批斗,却受到工人们的同情,和工人们建立了深厚的感情。现在大学就要 毕业了 ,朋友们都希望他回去。打倒“四人帮”后厂里搞清查,他是材料组的负责 人,如果不来上大学,早就走上领导岗位了,现在回去,工作安排是不成问题的。但 是,陌生的蛇口比熟悉的上海对他的吸引力更大,他还是要选择蛇口。比较麻烦的 是,母亲和爱人都不同意他离开上海。上海有宽敞的住房,姐妹们都在外地,母亲 希望他留在身边,爱人对上海的留恋更不用说了。这也是人之常情。<br />
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“要说服母亲和爱人。”顾立基不好意思地笑着说。<br />
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袁庚是很能理解和相信年轻人的。顾立基毅然选择蛇口,使他动了感情,他滔 滔不绝地发起议论来。<br />
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“你的选择是对的。蛇口大有用武之地。我们为什么要在蛇口办ー个工业区 呢?为了在那块地方搞改革,搞全面的改革,从企业管理、人事制度到工资制度,都 要改,不改就没有出路。过去三十年,极’左‘的思想、僵化的体制把我们害苦了。 1979年初我们刚到蛇口的时候,海湾里还发现偷渡者的尸体,都是青年,他们为什 么要跑?因为我们穷!<br />
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“’四人帮’搞什么’政治边防’,越搞跑的人越多。ー些村子的青壮年几乎跑 光了,真叫人欲哭无泪!蛇口对面就是香港的元朗,相隔只有6000米,晴天能看到 它的高楼,它就是在我们’十年动乱’期间发展起来的。我们再也不能瞎折腾了, 必须把经济搞上去,这就必须改革落后的体制。蛇口工业区虽然只有2.14平方公 里,对于全国960万平方公里不过是九牛一毛,我们改革成功了,对全国就有很大 的意义。万一我们失败了也只是九牛一毛,无伤大局。当然,我们一定要尽最大的 努力,争取成功,避免失败。我们这ー代人是老了,当我们觉悟到要有所作为的时 候,时间已经不多了。所以希望寄托在你们身上……”<br />
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顾立基觉得自己的血液在加速流动,身上热烘烘的。一直没有出声的尼亚,望 着自己的父亲,眼睛也有点热了……<br />
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七、新闻发布会<br />
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顾立基从培训班出来,当了一个时期的工业区办公室秘书,1984年4月被聘为 办公室主任。<br />
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7月份我没等到袁庚,因事回了一趟广州。8月5日重返蛇口,听说顾立基6日 ー早要去香港,5日晚我去登门拜访。<br />
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“袁庚回到香港了。明天下午回蛇口。晚上7点半在俱乐部礼堂做报告,我为 了听这个报告,推迟一天去香港。报告是公开的,谁都可以听,欢迎你去。”ー见面 顾立基就告诉我这个好消息。<br />
“能安排个时间和我谈谈吗?”<br />
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“恐怕很难,他在蛇口不会待太久,一回来就有许多事要处理。明天听完报告, 你最好陪他回宿舍ーー他儿子的住处,或者宾馆,这样边走边谈,可以谈十来分 钟……”<br />
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我有点失望。袁庚真的这样难见吗?<br />
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不管怎样,先听听他的报告再说吧。<br />
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8月6日下午7点半,袁庚的报告准时开始。<br />
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俱乐部礼堂平时用作放电影,大规模的集会和新闻发布会有时也在这里举行。 今天这个会也叫新闻发布会,街上贴出了海报。能容千把人的礼堂,基本上坐满 了,放眼望过去,都是年轻的、愉快的面孔。<br />
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袁庚和与他一道出国访问的香港招商局发展部经理熊秉权等坐在主席台上, 顾立基主持大会。<br />
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ー开始,袁庚就笑嘻嘻地摇晃着两张纸说:<br />
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“大家不要怕,只讲个把钟头。”<br />
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人们笑了,其实怕的是他讲得太短。<br />
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“这次出国访问,历时23天,访问了 4个国家、16个公司、18个城市,从新加坡 开始,往西到英国,再到美国、日本,整整绕地球走了一圈。所到之处,受到隆重的、 破格的接待,我过去当外交官出国从来没受过这样的接待。这不是人家看重我们 四个人,而是由于招商局和蛇口工业区的变化,在座各位都有份的。我深深体会到 做蛇口人的光荣。”<br />
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袁庚一向主张,出国访问要花自己的钱,花人家的钱就会在谈判中处于被动、 软弱的地位。这次出访,他们带了 20万美金的信用卡,足够用了,所到之处都坚持 这个原则,唯独在新加坡失灵了。那时我们和新加坡虽然还没有外交关系,但新加 坡有关方面接待非常友好。过海关免检,从飞机场ー直送到最高级的香格里拉大 酒店,袁庚被安排在最豪华的“总统套间”（在他之前,这里住过英国首相撒切尔夫 人;在他之后,住进了美国国务卿舒尔茨）,每天的房费折合港币5000元。要参观 什么项目,全部满足要求。临走结账时,酒店经理说:“在你们到来之前,已经有人 付了全部费用。”<br />
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他们参观了英国北海油田的后勤基地阿巴丁,英国老板们在海员罢エ浪潮的 冲击下仍然热情而彬彬有礼地接待他们,给他们留下了深刻的印象。印象同样深 刻的是英格兰北部无边无际的盛开的玫瑰。袁庚说:“我们原打算3年之内种植 20万株月季,把蛇口建成玫瑰之城,现在看来太落后了……”<br />
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这次出访的重点是美国,主要任务是签订引进浮法玻璃厂的合同。<br />
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在匹兹堡,大匹兹堡商会授予袁庚名誉会员称号。<br />
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在蒙特利尔,华人女市长李琬若宣布袁庚为荣誉市民,交给他一把金钥匙。女 市长在宴会上说:“我是百分之百的中国人,也是百分之百的美国人。”袁庚说:“我 很赞赏她的话。”关于引进浮法玻璃厂的谈判,就不是那么轻而易举了。袁庚说过, “在经济问题上,兄弟无情,六亲不认!何况是与外国人谈判「’<br />
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在欣赏袁庚的谈判艺术之前,有必要回顾一下为了引进这个工厂在国内经过 的曲折。<br />
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还是用袁庚的话来说明问题吧。<br />
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1984年3月22日,袁庚在对第三期企业管理干部培训班学员讲话中说:<br />
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“中央在3月10日下达了文件,大家听了很高兴,但我们不要高兴得过早。不 要以为上面讲了话就什么事都解决了。以前公开挑战的可能没有了,但官僚主义、 红眼病、以小人之心度君子之腹的人、穿小鞋的事,还是有的。例如我们正在谈判 的浮法玻璃厂,到现在还批不下来。我国每年要进口大量玻璃,为什么不准我们用 最先进的技术制造玻璃来取代进ロ?最近我们派了两位能干的女将去建材总局 交涉。她们去的时候,人家一口答应,讲你们回去好了,但等我们企业室派人带合 同去盖章的时候,又被他们推翻了。问他们为什么这样干,他们讲:‘你们派了记 者、作家来,我敢不答应吗?弄得不好,你们要写报告文学,写内参,我受得了 吗,？……”<br />
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真是好事多磨,交涉了九个月,オ过了国内这ー关。<br />
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和美国人谈判,当然不可能用这么长的时间,但那讨价还价的激烈程度是可想 而知的。<br />
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美国浮法玻璃厂是个技术很先进的厂,简直是一座玻璃城!它生产各式各样 的玻璃。有一种钢化玻璃,用25磅大锤从20米外打去,地皮都震动了,玻璃却安 然无恙。我们和美国合资,投资ー亿美元,引进一座同样的エ厂,买他的专利,以后 我们就能再建第二个、第三个。这是合算的。谈判的焦点,集中在每年所付专利费 占销售总额的百分比上。<br />
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美方要6%,我们还价4% 〇<br />
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美方降到5%,我们加到4.5%。<br />
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寸利必争,形成僵局。<br />
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袁庚发言了。<br />
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“先生们,我们的祖先4000年前发明了指南针,2000年前发明了火药,全人类 <br />
都在享受这些伟大的成果,可是他们从来没有要过什么专利,我们作为后代从来没 有因此骂过自己的祖先是混蛋,而是觉得光荣。请问各位,那时候你们的祖先在哪 里?恐怕还在树上哩。请各位看看自己的胸前,是不是毛特别多……”<br />
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美国人真的低头看自己的胸前,一个个咧嘴笑了。<br />
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“不过各位不要害怕,我的意思不是不付专利费,而是要求公平合理r’<br />
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这是典型的袁庚风格,坦率、幽默而又机智。美国人吃这套。换了我们,说不 定会抗议呢!“你骂我们的祖先,是可忍,孰不可忍ド’<br />
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终于达成协议:4.75%,为期!0年。<br />
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这是相当有利的。某大城市引进ー个技术没有这么先进的英国玻璃厂,专利 费是5% ,时间是12年。袁庚最后充满激情地说:<br />
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“美国集中了世界上最好的东西和最坏的东西。我们要学它的长处,绝不能走 美国的路!<br />
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“世界经济正在衰退,エ业结构正在改组。5年前我到世界各地走走,他们还 有点生气,现在停滞不前了。<br />
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“有人说20世纪80年代后期世界经济的中心就要转移到东方,转移到太平洋 沿岸。<br />
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“我们的体制过去把人搞懒了,现在正在变化。这次我绕地球走了一圈,今天 下午四点半ー踏上蛇口码头,就感到无比的清新,感到ー草一木都非常亲切。<br />
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“10月1日,蛇口的彩车将在天安门前通过！如果震撼人心的话,那是大家的 功劳！<br />
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“资本主义世界的物质是富裕的,思想是贫穷的。我们正在向上,我们ー定要 赶上和超过他们!”<br />
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只讲了一个半小时,宣布散会了,大家意犹未尽。<br />
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走出会场的袁庚立即被人包围了,我放弃了跟上去的打算。<br />
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ハ、“搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
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8月7日,袁庚开了一整天会,据说8日也不会有空,而9日ー早又要回香港 了。我对于这两天见他已经不抱什么希望。晚上,我给他写了一封信,说明这一次 如果不能和他交谈,我将等待,直到他下一次从香港回来。8日清晨,我把这封信 交给了エ业区党委副书记乔胜利,请他转交。<br />
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8日上午,我到办公大楼访问王潮梁,两人刚坐下来,办公室副主任黄振超匆<br />
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匆忙忙地叫我:“袁董回来了,快去见他!”<br />
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我向王潮梁道了歉,说明另改时间,急忙跟着黄振超向袁庚办公室走去。<br />
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工业区办公室和袁庚的办公室是相通的,中间隔着大块的透明玻璃,老远就看 见了袁庚,他手里正拿着一大摞文件。<br />
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我和他握手的时候,黄振超在旁边向他说明:“只是见见面,不会占你很多 时间。”<br />
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袁庚却非常随便地笑着说:<br />
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“你是《花城》的?来搞什么阴谋诡计?”<br />
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一句玩笑话把距离缩短了,而且我感到这句话的背后似乎有某种潜台词。我 知道袁庚对文艺问题也是相当关心的。梁宪说过,前几年在北京开会,有一天袁庚 看了张洁的小说《爱,是不能忘记的》及有关的评论文章,问他:“你认识这个作家 吗?咱们把她请到蛇口去!”我相信他对这几年颇为引人注目的《花城》也是有所 了解的,“阴谋诡计”的调侃大约是有感而发。<br />
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我也笑着说:<br />
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“我搞的是阳谋,要写你和蛇口。”<br />
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他引我到两个办公室之间的小会客室坐下,舒服地往藤椅上一靠,摆出了准备 谈ー阵的姿势。“我没有什么好写的。不要说我们这里什么都好,这里问题多得 很,改革每前进ー步都要经过斗争,到处充满着矛盾。”<br />
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我说:“正是这一点吸引了我。”<br />
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“ー个国家没有民主是不行的,而群众无权监督干部和罢免干部就没有民主。 我们在干部制度上进行了改革。在外国,政治家演说,群众可以用臭鸡蛋、西红柿 扔他,他用雨伞挡着还是讲。你说他的民主是假的,但这ー套对巩固资产阶级的统 治有用。我们应当实行社会主义民主。中国资产阶级民主革命不彻底,孙中山是 想搞民主的,他死得太早,没搞成。中华民族是伟大的,但是历史的包袱太重了。”<br />
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半路走进来的黄虹坚这时插话说:<br />
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“我最近接待一位中央负责同志的女儿,她在美国学企业管理,谈起来也说:在 美国深有感慨,感到我们这个伟大的民族历史负担太重〇<br />
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“美国这个民族,就没有什么框框,我在报告会上也说了,他们的总督牌香烟广 告有一句口号是’想做就去做’,这句话香港也接受不了,译成’应做就去做’〇当 然,想干什么就干什么是不行的,但我们许多应干的事却干不成。”<br />
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接着我问了他的经历,他扼要地做了回答,着重谈了他入党和“文化大革命” 中坐牢的情况。不知不觉地已经谈了近一小时,这时管委会副主任王今贵走进来,<br />
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微笑着站在那里不动,我知道是催他去开会,我们的谈话该结束了。<br />
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黄虹坚用电话约好了住在太子宾馆的袁庚夫人汪宗谦同志,我们马上又赶到 太子宾馆,和温文尔雅的汪大姐谈了一个小时。重点是袁庚坐牢,对监狱内外情形 都比较清楚了。汪大姐慢条斯理而又深情地说:<br />
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“许多人经过那样的折磨,出来就蔦儿了,可是他不,他的劲头反而更大了。”<br />
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我心里说:这オ是袁庚!<br />
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过了几天,乔胜利对陈宜浩说:“袁董看了我的信,答应下次回来再和我谈。” 可是不久他被项南同志请到福建去了。<br />
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8月25日上午,我得到袁庚回到蛇口的消息,急忙打电话到太子宾馆和他联 系。但是太迟了,他过了中午又要回香港,而上午的时间已经排满,就在和我通话 的时候,他不得不放下电话去开门。他说:<br />
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“你还有什么问题就在电话里说吧,不要紧的,我们没有秘密。”<br />
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我没有准备电话采访,ー时想不齐全,只好问他出国访问的几个细节和数字, 他ーー做了回答:“这些也要发表吗?”我说:“不一定发表。”他说:“发表也没关系, 那天我讲话外国人也听了。”<br />
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我说:“将来排出校样,送给你看看好吗?免得事实有出入。”<br />
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“不必了。不要什么都审查,出点差错也不怕。人是有血有肉的,难免出点差 错。捅点娄子也不要紧。”<br />
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“好了,谢谢您。”<br />
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“谢谢。”<br />
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我忽然想起袁庚的两句话。<br />
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一次袁庚亲自带领企业管理干部培训班学员参观,来到铝材厂门口时,他向学 员们介绍:这家厂的厂房施工包给了日本人,23个日本人仅用27天就把它盖了起 来,大雨淋得睁不开眼他们也不停エ,ー个工人从高处摔下来受了伤,他的哥哥跑 过去看了看,见弟弟没有生命危险,便又回去干活了。<br />
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袁庚说:“日本不富没有天理!中国改革不富也没有天理!”<br />
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现在我想说:蛇口的改革不成功没有天理!<br />
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九、大鹏魂<br />
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66岁的袁庚,魁梧、潇洒,兼有外交家和实业家的风度,具有一种吸引人的魅 カ。他是从哪儿向我们走来的呢?<br />
拨开历史的迷雾,我们看到了一个热血男儿的坚实的脚印。<br />
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他出生于广东省宝安（现深圳市龙岗区）大鹏镇水坝村。家里有一个果园,算 是小康人家。大鹏湾的风浪陶冶了他的性情。<br />
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1935年,他毕业于广州广雅中学,随后进了测量学校。做了一个短时期的测 量员,他又进了陈济棠办的燕塘军校,陈济棠下台后,这家军校成了国民党中央军 校的分校。在学校里,袁庚是活跃的足球门将,练就了一副坚强的体魄。军校毕 业,他看到那些满嘴仁义道德的教官,ー个个腐化不堪,对民族危亡无动于衷,便愤 然回到故乡大鹏镇,担任第一小学校长,同时兼任地方自卫队教官。<br />
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学校是国民党办的,自卫队是邓演达的第三党搞的,但是学校和自卫队中都有 中共地下党员。<br />
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戎装佩剑回到故乡的袁庚,在当地是ー个重要人物,三种政治力量对他都很 重视。<br />
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中共地下县委书记王文,和他住到ー起,亲自考察他。<br />
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革命者和爱国者的心总是相通的。袁庚很快和王文、仲文、赖仲源等地下党员 成了朋友,和党组织正在培养的教师王柏等也很亲近。办夜校、演戏,凡是宣传抗 日的活动,袁庚都积极参加。一次演《放下你的鞭子》,王柏演卖唱的女儿,袁庚演 阻止父亲鞭打女儿的青年,当他高喊“放下你的鞭子”时,他完全进入角色,忘了自 己是在演戏,许多观众也跟着他冲了上去……<br />
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1939年3月27日,袁庚由王文、仲文两位同志介绍加入了中国共产党,从这ー 天起,他没有一天辜负中国共产党党员这一光荣的称号。<br />
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当地有一个进步刊物《大鹏魂》。袁庚在这个刊物上发表了一幅讽刺国民党 的漫画,刺痛了国民党区党部,他的处境变得危险了,党组织于!939年冬天把他转 移到党领导的抗日游击队,从此开始了他在东江纵队的战斗生涯。大鹏湾的儿子, 像大鹏ー样展翅高飞了。<br />
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抗日战争期间,美军作为盟军,在延安和东纵各派了一个观察组,担任东纵联 络处处长的袁庚,和美军驻东纵观察组保持经常的联系。根据中央指示,东纵和美 军观察组交换有关华南日军的情报,对战胜日本帝国主义起到积极的作用。<br />
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日寇投降时,英军远在缅甸,ー个海军少将只率领ー营人乘航空母舰赶到香 港。他的兵力不足以维持治安,要求我东纵港九支队不要撤退。东纵请示中央,中 央复电:为了对付国民党的内战阴谋,坚决撤离港九地区;同时要求在香港设立联 络机构。东纵派袁庚前往香港谈判,袁庚不辱使命,漂亮地完成了任务,并成为驻 香港办事处的第一任主任,这个办事处就是后来的新华社香港分社的前身。谁能 想到,历史前进的道路竟是如此曲折,二十多年后,这些功绩居然变成了“罪行”。<br />
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十、秦城监狱<br />
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1968年4月6日,袁庚一大早就离开在西苑的家,到机关去上班。北京的4月 初,春寒料峭,风沙迷眼,加上到处是杀气腾腾的大字报,形成一片肃杀气氛,使袁 庚的心情极为压抑。他参加接运印尼难侨的工作,刚告一段落,还来不及喘口气, 就回来上班了。近来不断听到东纵的老战友失去自由或下落不明的消息,他于愤 懑中保持着镇定。<br />
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回到办公室不久,有人通知:“部长有事找你。”他推开部长办公室的门,看到 除部长之外,还有两个公安人员。那个名字经常在报纸上出现的部长,面孔板得像 ー座木雕。<br />
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“袁庚,你被捕了!”<br />
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下午,机关召开大会,部长在会上宣布:“袁庚是美国特务,已经依法逮捕。”袁 庚的好友和邻居、20世纪50年代一道在印尼雅加达总领事馆当过领事的刘亚民和 刘丹ー,互相交换着悲愤的眼光。1954年袁庚和他们共同保卫万隆会议、保卫周 总理安全的情景,记忆犹新,那时袁庚奔走于雅加达和万隆之间,周旋于华侨社会 之中,眼睛熬红了,人累瘦了。这样赤胆忠心竟落得如此下场,天理何在?!<br />
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与此同时,汪宗谦同志从办公室被押回家中,勒令交出所有的钥匙,开始抄家。 翻箱倒柜,从下午抄到天黑,然后又押回机关抄她的办公桌。出门时,オ发现三个 孩子被关在门外不准进家,左邻右舍也不敢收留,孩子们在抹眼泪……<br />
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从此以后,袁庚在生活中消失了。汪宗谦不知道他关在哪里,也不知是死是 活,到哪里打听都说不知道。!969年,汪宗谦随机关到了设在山东邹县的干校,孩 子们留在北京跟姥姥生活。汪宗谦虽然也算“干校学员”,但作为“反革命家属”， 她只能干最脏最累的活,如淘大粪、洗厕所之类。她左肩患了肩周炎,痛得胳膊抬 不起来,医生建议回北京治疗,干校就是不准。直到!972年初夏,她的大孩子中印 就要下乡插队了,她请假回京为孩子拆洗衣服,打点行装,オ被批准。<br />
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1972年7月,袁庚被捕4年又3个月之后,有人突然通知汪宗谦到秦城监狱去 探监。“他还活着,他还活着!”汪宗谦心中被这个念头塞得满满的。<br />
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汪宗谦心酸地发现,袁庚行走困难,说话声音也变了,而且他不知道当时是何 年何月！<br />
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原来监狱里日夜亮着灯,犯人分不清、记不住日夜的交替,失去了时间的概念;<br />
睡觉时只准脸朝外,一条腿总是压在下边,时间长了造成萎缩;长期不讲话,声带都 沙哑了。<br />
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我曾经听说,袁庚在狱中数年见不到有生命的东西,只有放风时在天井里看到 墙根的小草。问他是不是这样,他说:<br />
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“不,还有蚂蚁,我对蚂蚁很有研究。”<br />
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这句轻松的话包含着多少沉重的分量!<br />
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汪宗谦见过了袁庚,就为救他而奔走了。<br />
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“没见他不知道他死活,既然知道他还活着,我就怕他死了!问题还没搞清,死 了孩子们都得背黑锅呀!他住在楼上,要到楼下的天井放风,上下都很辛苦,我到 中央接待站去上访,请求把他搬到楼下来,这个要求被接受了。”<br />
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袁庚搬到楼下的ー间房,发现席子底下有一团花白的头发,他判断这里关过ー 个五十多岁的女同志。后来在一次宴会上偶然和王光美同志谈起这件事,王光美 说:“没错,正是我住过的那间房。”<br />
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袁庚出狱,已是1973年9月30日,整整关了 5年半。<br />
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在狱中,睡觉时只要一转身,看守就在外边敲门。夜晚,敲门声常常把人惊醒。 袁庚回到家里,刚一入睡就惊醒了,这オ是真正的心有余悸。过了半年,这种心悸 病オ逐渐消失。而恢复那条萎缩的腿的功能,却用了更长的时间。每天,汪宗谦搀 着袁庚,ー步,ー步,慢慢地走,越走越远,越走越快,走了一年之久,两条腿オ恢复 了平衡。<br />
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更可悲的是,有的人在狱中常年在牢房里转圈子,出来不会走直路了,一走就 转圈,连马路也不能过。人啊,人！人的尊严到哪里去了！<br />
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经过一年多的休养治疗,1975年,袁庚被分配到交通部,当了外事局副局长。<br />
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ー恢复工作,袁庚的头脑便和刚刚复原的身体ー样活跃起来。<br />
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恢复工作之前,袁庚骑自行车上街,总觉得擦身而过的小汽车太霸道,“不能开 慢点吗” !恢复工作之后,自己也坐上了小汽车,有时就觉得路边的自行车碍事了, “不能靠边骑吗” !他很快意识到这种心理状态的微妙变化,在心里警告自己道: “可不能让屁股指挥脑袋呀!”<br />
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多年来,这成了他的一个信条。<br />
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十ー、香港第一课<br />
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1978年,做了大半辈子军事、外交工作的袁庚,以花甲之年改行搞经济,被派<br />
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到香港招商局担任副董事长。<br />
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招商局是清朝北洋大臣李鸿章于1872年创办的。1950年1月15日,招商局 香港分局的13条轮船起义回到祖国的怀抱,从此成为交通部驻香港的代表机构。 历任交通部部长都兼任香港招商局董事长,所以副董事长便是实际上的负责人。 从李鸿章算起,袁庚是第29任了。<br />
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香港招商局在极'左‘思想影响之下,经营单一,困守一隅,搞了几十年没有什 么发展。袁庚到任,根据中央定下的“以航运为中心,立足港澳,背靠内地,面向海 外,多种经营,工商结合,买卖结合”的方针,以铁腕大力整顿。<br />
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袁庚在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上的发言中说:<br />
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“我到香港的第一课,就是买了一座大楼,非常便宜,只花了 6180万（港币）。 第一次交订金时,支票2000万。那天是星期五,当时讲好下午2点钟,在ー个律师 楼里,大家一手交钱,一手交货。我们开了 2000万的支票到律师楼去了。卖楼的 对方也有好多人来了。楼下几部汽车停在那里,发动机都没有停。ー上去之后,大 家一手交货,一手交钱,签字。签完字,对方拿着支票,两个人夹住,下去了。剩下 ー个老板和我们谈善后的事。那张支票用车以最快的速度,马上存到银行里去了。 因为明天是礼拜六了,人家银行关门,礼拜天也关门,假如礼拜五下午3点钟之前 不到银行去交那个支票的话,他要损失三天2000万的利息。所以他要求按时把支 票交给他。我们的财务去了,他回来向我们报告,他说当时那个场面是很动人的。 当然,我们闭着眼睛也能想到,资本家对2000万在银行三天的利息为什么那么重 视,当时浮动利息是!4厘,三天就是几万元的利息。如果是我们内地的同志,那就 无所谓。这个支票就放到家里去,回家。他没有这个观念!这就是香港第一课。 我也不怕自惭形秽,ー窍不通,我接触经济工作,仅仅是5年多前开始的。但ー开 始我就发现我们中国经济工作问题很多!招商局的子公司多的是,ー检查,发现支 票在家里过夜大家根本不当一回事。很快我就把这个财务换掉了 ,换了一个华东 财经学院毕业的来。他来了之后,我就给他讲这个道理,ー个礼拜之内他就能够接 受。他说这里理财和内地理财完全是两码事,立即加以整顿。经过整顿之后,财源 滚滚而来。……这个’时间就是金钱’,不是没有道理的。现在很多人骂我,其实 这句话也不是我发明创造的。中国很早就讲了'一寸光阴一寸金’,它说得比我还 厉害,时间重于金钱!”<br />
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招商局走上轨道,袁庚就考虑进ー步的发展了。1979年初,他和有关同志带 着在蛇口开发エ业区的蓝图,到北京向李先念、谷牧同志汇报。李先念、谷牧同志 很感兴趣,当时同意把整个南山半岛都划给エ业区,袁庚还没有这个胆量,只要了<br />
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2.14平方公里。当李先念同志提笔在他们的报告上签字的时候,袁庚心里默默 地说:<br />
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“先念同志,签吧,您这ー笔下去,将造福于中华民族的子孙后代呀!”<br />
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十二、淸新<br />
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1984年8月,蛇口工业区首届书画展开幕。观众进入展览大厅,迎面是ー架屏 风,正中间挂着一幅草书,苍劲流畅的书法,引人注目,细看那内容,更是气度非凡。 这是多才多艺的袁庚的作品。我忍不住掏出笔记本,把它抄了下来。<br />
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登微波楼<br />
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微波楼上,雨初晴,水浸苍穹澄碧。极目纵横宇宙小,探手银河可摘。鹰 掠浮云,鸥翻怒浪,何惧风雷激。掀天揭地,方显男儿胆识。 梧桐山挹群 峰,若游龙,直卷屯门西北。滚滚珠江南入海,洒满伶仃春色。厂舍鳞排,帆檣 队列,似神蛇添翼。中华崛起,英雄豪杰辈出。<br />
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时维甲子,序属清明,雨后登蛇口微波楼,有清新感,兴之所至,填［念奴 娇］。格律エ否,非所计也,取其义耳。<br />
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宝安袁庚<br />
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我很注意“有清新感”四个字。袁庚在给清华大学校长刘达的信中也说过, “每登微波楼,均有清新感” 〇可见“清新感” ー词不是随便用的。<br />
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我有同感。<br />
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蛇口经过5年多的建设,已经成为一座新型的海港城市。工业区,当然以工业 为主。引进项目98个,有52个已经开业投产。几十座エ厂,几百栋宿舍楼,海滨 的花园别墅,在昔日荒凉的海滩上拔地而起。“厂舍鳞排,帆檣队列”,完全是写 实,没有一点夸张。エ业区管委会七层办公大楼紧靠五湾码头,许多外国石油公司 和财团的代表机构也在这里办公,水翼船来往于蛇口、香港之间。大楼门前,蒲公 英似的圆形水雕喷泉飞珠溅玉。大楼背后的山头上,就是引进的具有20世纪70 年代先进水平的微波通讯楼。登楼四望,整个工业区尽收眼底,难怪这是袁庚心爱 的ー个去处。<br />
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六湾中央的岸边,停靠着邓小平同志书题“海上世界”四字的明华轮。这艘豪 华的大型客轮,诞生于!962年的法国,后来被广州远洋公司买下。21年间,它在海 <br />
洋上奔波,到过数十个海港城市,如今它退役了,古老而又年轻的蛇口成了它的归 宿之地。它虽然不再航行,但风姿不减当年,以它的客房、餐厅、舞厅、商场和游乐 场吸引着成千上万的游客。入夜,灯火通明,烟花四起,它仿佛是一座海上宫殿。 袁庚去年决定花300万元买它的时候,一片反对之声,现在事实说明,它为蛇口添 了异彩,对的又是袁庚。<br />
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晚上,我到海边散步。坐在麻石栏杆上,观两岸灯火,听一片涛声,历史和现实 在脑海里交叉、叠印,我的心像大海一样不能平静。西去不远,就是伶仃洋,就是珠 江口。文天祥苦吟“伶仃洋里叹伶仃”的声音,陆秀夫背负宋帝曷投海的声音,仿 佛从历史的深处传来。赤湾左炮台上那尊锈迹斑斑的古炮,更是历史的见证。144 年前,面对不可一世的大英帝国舰队,它勇敢地发出第一声怒吼,从而揭开了鸦片 战争的序幕。但是,它能打掉海盗船的威风,却打不掉清王朝的腐朽,它和林则徐 一道被出卖了。花开花谢,潮涨潮落,ー百年过去了,终于迎来了翻天覆地的1949 年。中国人民解放军炮兵团团长袁庚,指挥炮兵健儿,威震敌胆,ー举解放了这片 土地,解放了伶仃洋上的大铲岛。但是谁也没有想到,30年的历史弯路,辜负了这 大好河山。一些年轻人对祖国失去信心,月黑风高之夜,来到这荒凉的海滩,从这 儿下水泅向对岸的灯火。几多人中途溺毙,涨潮把他们的尸体又推回他们出发的 地方。五年前袁庚重返蛇口看到这些不幸者尸体的时候,痛苦的心情真是难以表 达。现在好了,オ过去五年,不过是历史的一瞬,蛇口的夜间灯火并不比对岸逊色 了。据说袁庚曾在对岸驱车遥望蛇口的夜色,他那喜悦的心情想来是同样难以描 述的。我望着海滨花园长椅上喂喂私语的情侣,望着在年轻父母身边蹦蹦跳跳的 孩子,心里暗暗地说:祝福你们,幸运的蛇口人!<br />
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这还是看得见的清新气象,还有那看不见的呢。经济体制、人事制度、エ资制 度的改革,由这些引起的人际关系和价值观念的变化,这些属于上层建筑领域的清 新之处,比那夜间灿烂的灯火更加美丽动人。<br />
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啊,清新的蛇口!<br />
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十三、心血<br />
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清新动人的蛇口,是几千名劳动者用心血和双手雕塑出来的。这中间,袁庚倾 注了更多的心血。<br />
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ェ业区创建初期,香港招商局所属远洋公司总经理张振声担任总指挥,他出色 地贯彻了袁庚的意图,艰苦深入,日夜辛劳,给人们留下深刻的印象。他调回香港 后,袁庚便亲自兼任了工业区的主要领导职务。他既考虑方针大计,又关心具体问 题,处理问题总是站在战略的高度,高瞻远瞩。他ー天工作十几个小时,中午在藤 椅上靠几分钟又工作了,晚上常常熬到深夜。<br />
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第一批引进的工厂中,有个华美钢厂,是招商局与香港合资的企业。这位姓施 的老板,本来是经营地皮股票的,对办エ厂并无兴趣。袁庚在印尼工作时结识的ー 位华侨朋友,代施老板在国内考察了炼钢技术,认为在蛇口办ー间轧制钢材的钢厂 有利可图,便极カ劝施老板投资。双方有利,ー拍即合。引进的设备在国内是先进 的,投资额近ー亿港元。<br />
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1984年春,钢厂股东和エ业区管委会举行联席会议,讨论经营方面面临的问 题。港务公司提出ー个悬案:建厂初期,厂方有3000多吨钢铁堆放在五湾码头的 露天堆场,已经7个多月,港务公司要追收60万港币的堆放费,而厂方拒绝付款, 一直未能解决。<br />
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这个问题ー提出,气氛紧张起来,施老板很激动,把财务经理和总工程师都叫 来,讨价还价。他们说,工厂里没有堆场,所以无法提货,这不能怪他们。袁庚提出 到工厂去看看,确实没有堆场,但那是管理不善造成的,只要加以整顿,就完全可以 清出堆场来。<br />
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施老板知道理亏,答应出一半堆放费。事情没有解决,该吃午饭了,袁庚说下 午再议。<br />
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午饭后的短暂时间,袁庚当机立断,做了我方人员的思想工作,说明吸引施先 生投资办エ厂不易,应从大处和远处着眼,做出让步。<br />
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下午会ー开始,施老板就不耐烦地说:<br />
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“袁老板,你拍板吧!エ厂你招商局也有份的!”<br />
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袁庚不紧不慢地说:<br />
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“这件事,我看双方都有责任。钢铁既然是工厂的,工厂怎能长期让它堆放在 码头?工厂没有堆场,这是管理混乱造成的。港务公司也不对,你们为什么不催货 主提货,任凭这些钢铁长期堆放?难道只要有堆放费可收就行了?你们应当考虑 工业区的全局利益,考虑如何促进生产。<br />
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“出现这样的问题,是第一次,我的意见,这一次堆放费就免了,下不为例,エ厂 必须尽快把这些钢铁运走。”<br />
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这种出乎意料的处理方式,使三十多岁的施老板大为感动。他站起来说: “谢谢你,袁先生!我口服心服！エ厂接受批评,一定限期运走。” 之后施老板积极性大增,双方合作一直很好。<br />
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创造良好的投资环境,使投资方有利可图,才能进ー步吸引外资,这一直是袁 庚的一个指导思想。<br />
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1982年在南洋商业银行蛇口分行开幕式上,袁庚宣布装卸费减半,博得一阵 热烈的掌声。当时有的同志还不理解,后来事实证明了袁庚的战略眼光,这措施对 吸引外资起了很好的作用。<br />
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在日本三洋（蛇口 ）公司的开业典礼上,袁庚风趣地对来宾说:<br />
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“先生们,我们希望你们赚钱,你们赚钱就是我们的胜利。”<br />
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这当然丝毫也不意味着我们不要赚钱。袁庚又对西方石油公司的老板们说:<br />
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“先生们,我要从你们的口袋里掏出钱来。是否掏得出钱来,那就看我的本 事了。”<br />
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对这些坦率的语言,老板们总是报以掌声。<br />
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但是,如果以为袁庚不顾社会主义的原则和工人的利益,那就错了。在根本问 题上,袁庚是坚定不移的。<br />
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1983年5月,由香港凯达实业有限公司独资经营的凯达玩具厂发生了一件震 动整个工业区的事件。<br />
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ー个时期以来,这家工厂为了追求超额利润,强迫工人超时加班,有时干到凌 晨4点甚至6点,ー个工人当两个工人使用。许多工人累得昏倒在地,工人发病率 急剧上升。不肯加班的就要开除。凯达厂成为エ业区人们议论的焦点。<br />
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5月下旬,工业区召开首届团代会,凯达厂女工郑艳萍是团员代表。而这时候 工厂为了迎接六一儿童节的销售旺季,接受了大量订单,正在拼命赶エ。尽管团代 会是晚上举行,并不占用正常的劳动时间,厂方还是不准郑艳萍去参加会议。郑艳 萍平时劳动质量好,效率高,很少出差错,可还是因为参加团代会而被厂方无理停 ェ,罪名是“拒绝加班”。<br />
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工人们愤怒了 !蛇口毕竟是社会主义的天下,岂能任资本家为所欲为!<br />
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共青团管不了エ厂的事,工会来管。<br />
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凯达厂是在工业区投资较早、人数较多的ー个大厂,当时有!200多名工人,占 工业区工人总数的三分之一。筹建工会的时候,管委会副主任熊秉权说:“凯达厂 工会搞不起来,整个エ业区等于没搞!”厂工会建立起来了,由エ业区团委副书记端 木默兼任工会主席。这个来自江苏连云港的戴眼镜的姑娘,别看才23岁,已经做 了三年团的专职干部,在原则问题上是毫不含糊的。去年凯达厂非法搜查工人宿 舍,她就向工业区领导写过ー个调查报告,当时招商局从全局考虑,没把这件事闹 大,平静地解决了。现在端木默又及时地把情况逐级上报エ业区领导。<br />
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报告送到袁庚手里。<br />
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袁庚没见过郑艳萍,但他早在3年前就和凯达厂的女工打过交道,近来更关心 着她们的近况。他对她们怀着父亲般的感情。<br />
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1981年,袁庚从香港过来,听说凯达厂的女工没有热水洗澡,没有桌子写信, 写信要在走廊里写,有些人想家流泪,马上同副指挥刘清林和办公室主任余为平到 宿舍去看望工人。他同工人谈心,安慰工人,答应三天内一定解决她们的困难,临 走伸出小手指说:<br />
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“你们信不信我的话?要不要勾手指?”<br />
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姑娘们没想到总指挥这么和蔼可亲,脸上的愁云ー扫而光,开朗地笑了 : “我们 相信!”<br />
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“我们相信!”这不是相信袁庚他个人,而是相信党,相信社会主义啊!如今厂 方对待工人无理到这种地步,再让步就丧失原则了。<br />
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他激动地在报告上批道:<br />
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“加班应是自愿原则,要找资方严肃讲清楚,不准他们胡来。”<br />
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替工人说话,帮郑艳萍复エ,维护独资企业工人的合法权益,工会是责无旁 贷的。<br />
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根据他的批示精神,端木默深入女工宿舍,反复做了大量的调查。由于工人加 班,找工人谈话大都要在深夜12点以后,往往谈到ー两点钟。有的工人怕老板报 复,在宿舍里当着别人面不敢讲,常在深夜去敲她的门。经过ー个多月的艰苦劳 动,终于掌握了大量第一手材料。为此深圳市总工会工作组曾写信到工业区党委, 赞扬端木默同志警惕性高、组织性强,工作认真负责,积极主动。<br />
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接着,在工业区党委、区工会及深圳市总工会的具体指导和各有关部门的密切 配合下,把工厂几年来违法的行为,包括去年非法搜查工人宿舍,侵犯人权,以及厂 方无限制加班加点,给工人身体健康带来严重危害的事全部搜集起来,整理成材 料,向厂方提出:如不改正错误,就诉诸法律,寻求法律途径解决。<br />
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厂方明白诉诸法律的后果。还是价值法则起了作用。在多方面的努力下,厂 主不得不答应给郑艳萍复エ,补发停工期间的工资,工人加班自愿,每天加班时间 控制在两小时以内。<br />
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斗争胜利了。原来很普通的女工郑艳萍,在斗争中受到锻炼,成了凯达厂工会 副主席和工业区工会妇女委员。原来在连云港念过两年英语专业的端木默,现在 已由エ业区组干处推荐,考上了深圳大学干部进修班企业管理系,凯达厂工会工作<br />
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的重担落在郑艳萍肩上了<br />
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工业区所有的独资、合资企业都看到了这场斗争,这次斗争的胜利是我方对凯 达厂开エ以来的一系列不良行为的总回击。那些怀疑蛇口 “到底姓社还是姓资” 的人,也可以从这里得出必要的结论。<br />
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十四、玫瑰之城<br />
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“袁庚考虑方针大计,包括种玫瑰花美化蛇口。他批了 10万元专款,还从北京 请来了二刘。”エ业区前办公室主任、现办公室副主任余为平同志向我介绍说。 （今年4月,比他年轻的顾立基当了办公室主任,他改任副主任,这就是能上能下。）<br />
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二刘,就是袁庚的老朋友刘亚民和刘丹ー。<br />
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刘丹ー,江苏海门人,祖先以种花和养盆景出名,有“田状元”之称,他自己也 从小就酷爱种花。1940年参加新四军以后,没有了种花的闲情逸致,“十年动乱” 中靠边站,这种爱好オ又恢复起来。他种的花在北京颇有名气。刘亚民种花的历 史较短,才三年,但由于潜心研究,也称得上种花的行家里手了。他们两位都是北 京月季花协会的理事,各自种着几百棵月季。<br />
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67岁的刘亚民和64岁的刘丹一都已离休。他们都是相当负责的干部,工资不 低,又都有美满的家庭,本应在首都安享天伦之乐,但是袁庚硬是把他们“煽动”到 蛇口来了。<br />
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“不是袁庚请,我们不会来的。”身材高大、健壮的刘亚民老人说。<br />
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刘丹ー还向袁庚推荐了一个年轻人,北京月季花协会理事、36岁的龙泉,袁庚 亲自写信把他聘请了来,充当二刘的助手。龙泉是湘西土家族人,作家沈从文的表 侄,画家黄永玉的表弟,他父亲是中央民族学院的教授。他在故乡长到7岁オ到北 京父母身边,因为语言不通,9岁オ开始上小学。读了 9年书,初中毕业那年碰上 “文化大革命”,进了北京汽车厂当学徒。红卫兵进厂破“四旧”,把エ厂的花盆全 砸了,院里拇指粗的枣树也拔了,这位淳朴的土家青年无论如何都不能理解。他可 怜那些花木和小树,晚上,他偷偷地把ー棵小枣树带回家,栽在院子里,同时开始种 起花来。他没有更高的境界,只是本能地觉得应当爱护美好的东西;故乡的山花多 美呀,为什么在北京就不能种呢?从此他和花结下了不解之缘。<br />
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他后来成了民族印刷厂的干部,却把全部业余时间花在种花上,到了入迷的程 度。经过十几年风雨,院中那棵枣树早已长大结枣了;他种的400多株玫瑰,年年 换代,驰名京华。别看他没上过大学,北京林学院园艺系主任陈俊俞教授带的研究 生,也要他去讲课。1983年5月北京举办第三届月季花展,展出400多个品种,<br />
3000多盆,其中就有他送展的20盆花,每盆一个品种。联邦法国专家玛利安娜前 来参观,他陪同介绍,园林局的一位总工程师亲自当翻译。那位专家见他年纪轻 轻,貌不惊人,而且颇为土气,就故意考他,指着ー株名花问他那是什么品种,他不 假思索地答道:<br />
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“这是贵国的’明星’、世界十大名种的第三名,在20世纪70年代是最好的。”<br />
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联邦德国专家大为惊讶。其实,龙泉不但能识别数百个品种,而且知道许多品 种的来历和传说,谈起来如数家珍〇<br />
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5月6日,他带着600株花苗,乘飞机到达广州,当天工业区的汽车便把他接到 蛇口。8日袁庚同他谈话,问他是否适应这里的生活,他说:“要做开拓者,决不当 逃兵!”他带来的苗成活率在90%以上,5月17日袁庚又让他跟随刘丹一回京,一 个月后,再次带了 4000多株苗回来。<br />
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如今老少三人住着工业区的ー套三房一厅,客厅里只有几张藤椅、一台黑白电 视机,煮饭洗衣全是自理。按照蛇口的标准,他们的生活可以说是简陋的。但是他 们自得其乐。每天上午,两位老人步行20分钟赶到苗圃,顶着烈日指导工人嫁接、 施肥;龙泉则早出晚归,整天待在苗圃和工人ー起干。<br />
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我对种花是外行,听他们谈花经,得益不浅。“优良品种都是嫁接、杂交出来 的。”刘亚民老人对我说,“任何花果,不嫁接就退化。比如桃树,再好的桃子,把核 种下去长出来就是毛桃,不能吃,只能做嫁接用的砧木。杂交要人工授粉,就更复 杂了。”<br />
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我心里却想,蛇口的改革,不也是某种意义上的嫁接和杂交吗?多年来我们闭 关自守,总以为自己的体制最纯,好像马克思只坐在我们炕头上,结果怎么样呢? 大家都知道了。杂交出新,这恐怕是一条普遍规律,包括写文章在内,不能老是墨 守成规。<br />
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龙泉年轻,想得更多一些。他说,中国从晋朝起就有种月季花的记载,外国原 来只有一般的玫瑰,没有四季开花的月季,月季是从中国传出去的。拿破仑的皇后 约瑟芬的玫瑰园里,就有从中国引进的月季。鸦片战争以后,随着国家的衰弱,月 季的种植也凋零了,现在美、日、德、法等国家都有月季花协会,我们中国还没有,只 是北京、上海等城市刚建立起来。人家要和我们交流,我们拿不出什么优良品种。 外国人感兴趣的古老品种,像绿萼、铁把红、月季牡丹、粉团月季等,已经很难寻了。<br />
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“现在世界上最好的品种是什么?”我问。<br />
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“黄和平最好。是第二次世界大战中,ー个法国人剪了枝条寄到美国去的。”<br />
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“你有什么打算?”<br />
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“我想让月季在蛇口生根。一般地说,月季不适应太热的气候,24摄氏度以上 就开不好,现在是7月,你看这花朵就很小。我想做些研究,使蛇口不但成为玫瑰 之城,而且四季都能开好。”<br />
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“你在这里干两年,你爱人没有意见吗?”<br />
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“当然有意见。我结婚晚,孩子オ3岁,我来的时候,她和孩子送到飞机场,临 上飞机,孩子喊爸爸,我差点掉下眼泪,头也不敢回。但是我不后悔。为了美化蛇 ロ,个人做点牺牲是值得的。两位老同志就是我的榜样。”停了一下,他又说,“有 人说我是为了四大件,为了高工资オ到蛇口来的。其实我家里几大件全有了,住的 也宽敞。这里每月给我200元,可是空军后勤部请我去种花,每月给250,还有小车 坐,我也没去。来这里一个多月了,什么’海上世界’、购物中心,我不知道在哪儿, 我只认得从宿舍到苗圃这条路。”<br />
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在玫瑰花苗圃的简易竹棚里,听这位面孔黝黑、瘦削的土家青年倾吐他的心 声,我深受感动。天涯何处无芳草,在蛇口更是到处都能看到美好的心灵。袁庚同 志,你真行,你把这三位种花人请到蛇口,他们不仅能种玫瑰,而且正在种鲜艳的精 神之花。你在英国看到的那种盛开的玫瑰,我们一定也会有的。<br />
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十五、激动的工程师<br />
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7月1〇日,《羊城晚报》在头版头条位置登了一条新华社消息,标题是《蛇口观 念》〇在《当干部就要开创新局面》的小标题下,有一段话说:<br />
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蛇口有一个“海上世界”,它把一条大型的退役旅游船固定在深圳湾岸<br />
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边,作为旅馆和娱乐场所。据说这种别致的旅馆在世界上也是少有的。这个 “海上世界”的前任经理作风正派,工作辛苦,不久前却被解聘了。原因是他 在“海上世界”没有做出开创性的贡献。<br />
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“我不同意说我没有做出开创性的贡献!” “海上世界”前任总经理王潮梁工程 师十分激动地对我说。<br />
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的确,我听到的议论,大部分是同情王潮梁的。说他艰苦创业,为“海上世界” 尽早开业做出了贡献;说他只干了 155天,已经开始赢利,把他换下来是没有理由 的;说华轮大部分职工怀念他,如果举行投票,他肯定会占压倒优势……<br />
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“对袁董我是很敬佩的,蛇口的改革和成就与他分不开。但是在明华轮的问题<br />
上,我不理解他为什么这样做!我一直是按照他的指示工作的,如果说我有缺点, 那么谁没有缺点?”<br />
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46岁的王潮梁,个儿不高,精力充沛,说话直言不讳,丝毫不掩饰他的激动情 绪。我觉得能够理解他,而且希望和他建立友谊。他搞了 17年飞机设计,5年飞 翔船设计,壮志未酬,抱着极大的希望来到蛇口 ,本想趁壮年干ー番事业,不料明华 轮的事业刚刚开始,却被换了下来,他的痛苦心情是可想而知的。<br />
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他平静下来,和我谈了明华轮开业前后的情况。<br />
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王潮梁是!983年11月19日被“海上世界股份有限公司”董事会委任为总经 理的。11月22日,明华轮被拖到现在的坐滩位置。当时海滩未填平,道路未修好, 上船要乘小艇。船上、岸上,工作量都很大。12月1日晚上,董事会决定1984年1 月15日试开张,2月1日正式开张。<br />
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袁庚对明华轮的开张问题极为关心。他在北京开会,每次打长途电话来必问 明华轮。12月初,他从北京回来了,看到开张准备工作不太理想,十分焦急。<br />
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管委会组干处的袁复兴,每天早晨5点多开始跑步锻炼。7日早上,他跑到明 华轮附近时,大约6点钟光景,四下无人,只见袁庚独自站在海滩边,竖起呢子大衣 的领子抵挡凛冽的寒风,默默地望着明华轮出神。深刻理解袁庚性格的这位组织 干部,知道袁董对工作的进度不满了。他没有打扰袁庚,继续沿着海边跑去。<br />
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当天傍晚,袁庚又来到明华轮附近,正好遇到了总经理王潮梁、副总经理胡宗 立和秘书俞奇。<br />
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“你们准备几时开张?”袁庚单刀直入,问王潮梁。<br />
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“我们准备2月1日开张。”王潮梁回答。<br />
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“我和你没有共同语言!”袁庚不留情面地说。<br />
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“他刚上任半个多月……”秘书俞奇小心地说。<br />
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“我不管!他是总经理我就找他!”袁庚一甩手,愤然转身走去,几个人紧紧跟 在后边。走到海景餐厅门口 ,袁庚站定,继续说:<br />
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“干工作,就要呕心沥血,全力以赴,不能拖拖拉拉。我这老头子都着急,你们 不急吗?”<br />
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“袁董,我是这样做的。”王潮梁不卑不亢地说。<br />
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“我知道你很辛苦。可是2月开张太迟了,同志！不能什么都搞好了オ开张, 可以先部分开张嘛。今天是12月7号,再过8天,12月15号,必须部分开张。”<br />
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“我们一定做到!”王潮梁立即表态,同时拿出副总经理胡宗立起草的《海上世 界股份有限公司经营方案》（讨论稿）,双手呈给袁庚。袁庚接过去,态度已经缓和<br />
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了,对着女秘书俞奇说:“小俞,吃得消吗?你父亲有没有这样骂过你?”<br />
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父亲当过某省文化局局长的俞奇,见过各种脾气的领导干部,并不怯场:<br />
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“没啥吃不消的。不过我父亲没有这么厉害。”<br />
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当天晚上,袁庚几乎彻夜不眠,仔细审阅了《经营方案》,就在方案上面大笔挥 洒,写了一个长长的批语:<br />
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“这份报告分析基本上是科学的。但经理部门的思想总想求全,什么都搞好了 再开张,因此要推迟至明年2月（春节）开业。我个人认为,不要等什么条件都具备 ォ开始营业,早点开业可以逐步改善,逐步练兵。……如果认为什么都搞得好好的 ォ开业,恐怕永远也不可能十全十美。准备开始半年亏损。人是要有点精神的,把 企业成败当成个人成败,呕心沥血,全力以赴,搞好经营作风,服务一流,哪怕ー时 赚不了钱,也是可以允许的,谁也没有把握一定赚钱。但有一点我是始终相信的, 蛇口工业区需要像明华轮这样ー个’海上世界’,这在全国来说是增添蛇口的异 彩。对经理人员我是信任的,应给予他们更大自主权,以便于发挥他们的群策群カ 的创新和负责精神,让这些年轻人去闯出一条新路子吧,要支持,不要一遇挫折就 泼冷水。<br />
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“但是他们有时面对困难束手无策或克服困难的决心和勇气不够,则应加以鼓 励、批评。<br />
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“明华轮坐滩至今已半月了,一直抓得不紧,没有一种紧迫感,现场冷冷清清, 船上、地上工程进度慢,互相埋怨,人事部门在调人方面不够有力,董事会有时处于 无人拍板的状态 <br />
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“明华轮工程和全面工作,我感到很难过,和经理部人员谈话时有激动情绪,可 能他们年轻人受不了,但他们事后都表示一定要抓紧船上准备工作,争取早日部分 开业……”<br />
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第二天上午,招商局远洋公司总经理江波,根据袁庚批语,组织有关部门开联 席会议,落实了 12月15日开业的具体措施。接着是夜以继日、紧张施工的ー 星期。<br />
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12月15日,明华轮准备好了 50间客房,袁庚、江波、王今贵上船检查开业准备 情况,表示满意。12月16日,第一批客人上船住宿。12月23日,公司董事长王今 贵在明华轮舞厅设宴招待工业区内的外宾和港商。<br />
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1984年1月26日,邓小平等中央领导同志上明华轮,在船上用午餐和休息,听 取了袁庚的汇报,邓小平同志高兴地书题“海上世界”四个大字。明华轮从此名扬 四海。<br />
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王潮梁承认,如果不是袁庚抓得紧,明华轮不可能在1月26日接待邓小平等 同志。他十分钦佩袁庚的战略眼光。袁庚事先当然不知道邓小平同志要来,但他 的紧迫感是完全正确的。不过王潮梁认为自己没有辜负袁庚的委托,他总是觉得 委屈。<br />
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“你现在筹备第二民航的工作,不是比明华轮更重要吗?可见袁庚还是信任你 的。”第二民航是香港招商局和闽、粤、桂等省发起的,王潮梁作为招商局的代表参 加筹备工作。<br />
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“当然,第二民航如果搞起来,比明华轮不知重要多少倍。但4月11日通知我 下来时并没说调我干这个,如果这样说我ー点意见也没有了。这个任务是5月7 日オ交给我的。”<br />
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“说不说都一样,反正叫你干了。当时袁庚怎么对你说的?”<br />
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“他说:’你的工作调整以后,我们一直在考虑新的工作,现在叫你去筹备第二 民航,如果你愿意干,就先出去跑ー趟〇, ”<br />
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“他用了’调整’这个词,可见不是’解聘’,更不是’撤职’。你要想开点,高姿 态,不要老是计较。”<br />
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“第二民航现在以民航局为主,恐怕搞不成。最近要招考第四期企业管理干部 培训班学员,抽我带一个重点招生小组到西北、西南去。”<br />
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“这更说明对你的信任,高兴地去吧,别想那么多了。”我像老朋友一样劝他。<br />
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王潮梁出发了。但是对于明华轮新任总经理郑奕的非议已经塞满我的耳朵, 我开始怀疑,是不是袁庚用错人了?袁庚也是有血有肉的大活人,用错个把人也不 奇怪。不过明华轮关系重大……我决定上明华轮去访问这位24岁的总经理。<br />
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十六、年轻的总经理<br />
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一天下午,我走上明华轮最高ー层,敲开了总经理室的门。这个办公室分里外 两间,外间是秘书俞奇的办公室,里间是正、副总经理办公室。开门的正好是郑奕, 他穿一件花格子上衣,戴着近视眼镜,面孔白皙,还未脱大学生的派头。看了我的 记者证,他对俞奇说:<br />
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“我有些事要处理,你先接待一下。”<br />
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说罢走进里间,把门关上了。<br />
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“好大的架子!”我心里想。俞奇也没有立即同我谈,在低头赶写着什么。我<br />
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只好坐在沙发上等待<br />
约莫过了半小时,俞奇才客气地同我交谈起来。这是一位30岁左右的女同 志,显得老成持重,也是清华大学毕业生。我说明了写袁庚的任务,希望从他们这 个角度了解一下袁庚用人的问题。<br />
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她是非常敏感的,马上对我说:<br />
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“我个人同前任总经理王潮梁的关系不错,也认为他是个很好的同志,他热情、 正派,工作积极,群众关系好。但是他艺术气质太重,优柔寡断,缺乏魄カ,管理跟 不上形势的发展。袁董当机立断,换上郑奕,这步棋走对了。这个总经理别看年 轻,却很有魄カ,有一种管理人オ的素质。他上台后的得意之作是改革了エ资制 度,取消了基本工资,完全实行职务エ资,扩大了差别,更能调动干部和工人的积极 性。有人对这个改革有不同看法,但袁董是支持的,他说为什么不可以试ー试呢。”<br />
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这时郑奕从里间打电话出来,只听俞奇说:<br />
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“他是来写袁董的,你可以同他谈谈。”然后对我解释,“郑奕认为明华轮的经 验不成熟,不接待记者采访,你要写袁董,等一会他同你谈。”接着又谈起袁庚来〇<br />
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“袁董考虑问题,比我们站得高。他为什么坚持要买明华轮,并且急于开张呢? 他是从南海石油这个角度考虑的。工业区现有的工厂,规模都不大,没有太大的发 展,如能争取成为南海石油的后勤基地,发展前途就不可限量了。要做到这一点, 必须能留住石油公司的人员,而光靠原来的几间宾馆和酒店是远远不够的。在南 海酒家建成之前,明华轮就可以起很大的作用。所以袁董很重视明华轮,开业了, 管理上不去他也着急。”<br />
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郑奕终于开门请我进去了。这时他给我的印象,是坦率,不是傲慢。<br />
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“这是ー个有吸引力的岗位。”他笑着说,“但是我不是ー个合格的经理,我随 时准备下台。我干不好会下台,干好了,也会由于某种斗争的需要而下台。也许现 在人们能够容忍我,但是我不知道会容忍到什么程度。”<br />
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我开始对他有了好感。他毕竟オ24岁,与我的大儿子同年,有些缺点并不 奇怪。<br />
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“我们过去也常说干部能上能下,但由于我们的体制关系,根本做不到。现在 我们就是要真正做到这一点,这就是改革。上和下,有时可能处理得不够恰当,下 去的也必然会有痛苦,但是这种改革的方向是对的,必须坚持。最近我辞退了一个 从香港请来的房务部总经理,他每月工资6000元港币,工作上没犯任何错误,但是 我把他辞退了,唯一的原因是他不会笑!他整天板着面孔,阴阳怪气的,干别的可 能无关紧要,在总台这个位子就不行,客人会觉得你是对他无礼。我辞退他,他没 有任何意见,说走就走,通过他的朋友问他,也说没意见。在他看来,这很简单,我 不能使总经理满意,我就该走。这就是香港人的观念。换上我们的同志,可不得 了,会同你纠缠不清。隔ー个罗湖桥,观念就有这么大的差别。”<br />
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我不仅是好感,简直有点欣赏了。<br />
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“我要搞严格管理,希望建立一套既不同于日本又不同于美国,既严格又有人 情味的管理制度,搞法治不搞人治。我正在试验。试验可能失败,失败了会得到教 训,这也是ー笔财富。当然,我有许多缺点,正如袁庚也有缺点,这可能是造成失败 的因素。袁庚的缺点对于蛇口可能是灾难性的。我们尽最大的努力避免失败,失 败了影响可太大了。”<br />
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我不仅是欣赏,简直有点佩服了。<br />
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“对ー些事情,我和袁庚也有不同看法。比如我们的中餐厅包给港商投资的华 苑酒家,是袁庚的主意,我至今有不同看法。他打电话告诉我,不要害怕资本家赚 钱,这当然是对的,但是港商的重点在华苑酒家,我们这里只能是陪衬,华苑吃肉这 里啃骨头,是不可能搞好的。”<br />
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真是有棱有角。袁庚不喜欢唯唯诺诺的人,对这种不同意见不一定会接受,却 不会计较。这是郑奕的幸运之处。<br />
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“有人说南海酒家一开业明华轮就完了,我不这么看。它不能代替明华轮。一 个特色,ー个服务,抓好这两条,我们就大有前途。我还要把手伸向内地,在上海、 广州等城市设点。旅游业就不能局限一地。”<br />
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我心里对自己说:是ー个经理人オ!<br />
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告辞的时候,我说找一天去他家里拜访,他表示欢迎〇<br />
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我还想了解组织部门对他的看法,便访问了エ业区党委委员、纪律检查委员会 副书记兼组干处处长虞德海和主管干部分配的袁复兴。<br />
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对这两位同志的党性,我是深信不疑的。39岁的虞德海,原是个工程师,担任 工业区最早开エ的中宏制氧厂厂长数年,治厂有方,以致香港资本家撤回了全部港 方人员,把工厂的一切大权交给他。“我做梦也没想到让我进党委,管干部。我至 今连袁庚家的门也没进过。干不好,大不了还去当我的工程师。”我相信他这自白 的真诚。谈到对郑奕和王潮梁的看法,他认为两人各有所长,郑奕更有魄カ,王潮 梁群众关系好,在管理比较混乱的情况下,换上郑奕是对的,组干处是同意的,党委 会也是一致通过的。但王潮梁的贡献不能抹杀,对他还要重用。对郑奕开除几个 工人,虞德海颇不以为然:“我对郑奕说,我在制氧厂几年,没开除ー个工人,工厂照 样管得很好。”<br />
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袁复兴36岁了,由于坚持体育锻炼,加上生就一张娃娃脸,看上去像二十几岁 的小伙子。他毕业于浙江大学计算机专业,在兰州大学教过几年书。!980年,一 些学生竞选人民代表,说过一些过头话,后来在毕业分配时要卡这些学生,他在系 里第一个站出来为学生讲话。“那时候ー些政工干部跃跃欲试,以为五七年又来 了,又要抓右派了。我最了解那些学生,他们都是平时最用功读书的,有的还是三 好学生。他们读书多,接触外国资料多,忧国忧民,为我们国家着急,难免说ー些过 头话,但我敢担保没有一个以反党反社会主义为目的。”说得真好!难怪他来蛇口 以后,一直让他做干部工作。<br />
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袁庚考虑以郑奕取代王潮梁时,首先征求了袁复兴的意见。<br />
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“从为人的角度讲,郑不管三七二十一,不讲情面;王讲情面,现在船员还说他 好。但是我们要靠法治,不能讲个人感情。王用人不当,班子不团结,有的他重用 的人在背后拆他的台,该用的却没用。比如有一位从惠阳调来的干部,当过地区的 剧团团长和电影公司经理,很有能力,和王的关系也不错,却卖了 3个月的电子游 戏机筹码。王想叫他当娱乐部经理,却迟迟下不了决心。”我了解这个同志,他同情 王潮梁,不愿留在明华轮,调到深圳电视台当人事科科长去了。他オ42岁,据说郑 奕说他年龄大了,不想用他,没有把他留住,真是可惜。<br />
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“但是王潮梁热情、正派,办法也多。如果第二民航搞不成,还要分配合适的エ 作。南海酒家总经理由香港资方派遣,副总经理人选我们正在考虑,王也是考虑的 对象之一。<br />
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“袁庚培养郑奕是有远见的。原来我们也为郑奕捏一把汗,现在实践证明他エ 作开展起来了 ,7月份收支平衡了,能否成长起来,有待他自己总结经验教训。不 怕犯错误,老干部也犯过错误。<br />
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“袁庚强调用干部有时要像球队教练。在球场上,教练说4号下7号上,他并 不是认为4号不行,可能是要试试7号投篮准不准,弹跳カ好不好……”<br />
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这个比喻真有意思。我想起袁庚在ー次讲话中也谈过这个观点。“要让干部 能上能下,变成正常的。今天你干这个经理,明天你下来让别人上去,是正常的,但 是我们许多人把这看作不正常,把不正常的东西变成正常就是改革。”<br />
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我忽然产生了一个奇怪的联想,觉得袁庚和女排教练袁伟民的样子有点相像, 两张面孔在我脑子里叠印起来了。在某种意义上说,袁庚不也是一个教练吗?这 个教练对他的球员是严格的。虞德海和袁复兴都对我讲过的一件事,说明了袁庚 对郑奕的严格。<br />
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有一个来自上海的会计,郑奕和他谈了一次话,认为他是个管理人才,就决定 叫他当明华轮商场经理。但组干处不同意,认为エ业区正需要财会人员,便推荐另 <br />
ー个企业管理干部培训班出来的同志。郑奕想不通,跑到管委会找袁庚和虞德海。 袁庚说:“在干部问题上听组干处的。”郑奕问:“你们到底相不相信我?”袁庚严肃 地说:“既相信你,又不相信你。相信你,所以叫你当总经理;不相信你,就是不知道 你能不能当好,所以要继续考核你,天天看你的报表,看你营业的情况,看你在群众 中的威信如何。”<br />
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后来郑奕想通了,接受了组干处推荐的那个同志,实践证明,他干得很好。郑 奕就去向虞德海道歉。虞德海说:“道什么歉呢?这是正常的工作。”<br />
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在沿海部分开放城市经济研讨会上,袁庚发言中又提到这件事（当然没有指 名）,并且上升到理论的高度说:“我们的干部,没有绝对的责任,也就没有绝对的 权カ。道理很简单,资本家的企业,他负有绝对的责任,也拥有全部的权カ。因为 财产是他的,因此他有全部的责任,这个企业破产了,他全家上吊自杀。但是我们 的企业是国家的财产,是全民所有制的财产,当权、责、利还不是很分明的时候,不 应该给个人绝对的权カ,用人必须通过人事部门,因为党的组织部门对整个干部队 伍了解情况。这场争论是最近发生的,怎样才能发挥干部的积极性,使他们有权、 有责、有利,这个问题还没有完全解决。”<br />
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ー个星期六的晚上,我贸然走访了郑奕的新居。他最近结婚オ搬来的,客厅里 什么摆设都没有。两个没见过的年轻人在座,显然我来得不是时候。郑奕笑着介 绍说:“他们都是经理。我们可以搞个经理俱乐部了。”那高个子是新建立的银星 电子工程公司经理陈钢,26岁;矮个子是接郑奕的班当上海酒家经理的朱家骏,25 岁,都是大学自动控制专业的毕业生。我想起“教练”的比喻,下意识地把他们比 作了运动员,心里为他们祝福:但愿你们在经济建设的竞技场上都能夺得金牌!<br />
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他们有事,郑奕答应下星期ー晚上7时半到我住的招待所来。<br />
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星期ー晚上7点10分,郑奕匆匆赶来:“真对不起,今晚有事,咱们改天再谈 吧。”说罢又匆匆而去。我站在走廊上朝楼下看去,见他钻进ー辆米黄色工具车,一 开动就飞驰而去,这人开车也有性格。我知道,“开着小车到处跑”也是人们议论 的话题之ー,也许ー个经理不会开车オ算安分守己。但会开车的经理一定会越来 越多的。<br />
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第二天晚上,郑奕冒着雨来了。<br />
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“昨天失约,是因为要和娱乐部几十个职エ到香蜜湖烧烤。今晚本来计划和另 ー些人去的,因为下雨改期。不能让工人老是怕我,要和他们建立感情,让他们从 心里爱这个企业,怕从这里被开除。我开除工人有人说,干这些事是不会有人 说的。”<br />
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我说:“要让工人有主人翁感,既尊敬你,又觉得在人格上是和你平等的。”他 表示同意。然后话题转到了企业的经营管理方面。<br />
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“对我的议论太多了,我没工夫考虑。有些事问到我就解释一下,不问就不予 理会。我现在上班后8时至9时处理日常事务,其余7个小时考虑今后几年的发 展问题。我正在和香港ー个财团谈判,引进大量资金搞ー个大型海上游乐场,请你 暂时保密。”他说了一个投资数目,那真是非常可观的,如能谈成,明华轮ー带海面 将成为真正的“海上世界” 〇 “上海设点的谈判已经成功了,过几天我就到上海去 签订合同,广州也要搞,许多城市都要搞。光搞一条船是没有什么意思的……”<br />
<br />
他谈得滔滔不绝,我听得津津有味。我联想到ー些人,觉得他属于优点和缺点 都比较突出的那ー类人物。在这里,这种人受到重用,得到帮助,能够开创新的局 面;在另ー些地方,他们的处境就不大美妙了。我越发感到袁庚的可贵。<br />
<br />
十七、热血沸腾<br />
<br />
在蛇口待了一个月,和袁庚交谈了不到ー个小时,他的儿女则始终未能交谈, 因此对他的家庭生活了解太少,未免遗憾。有一个年轻人对我说:“袁中印谈过许 多情况,袁庚的家庭生活很有意思。”我请他介绍一下,他说,“你找袁中印谈吧,我 这是第二手材料。”而袁中印出差去了,我不能老在这儿等他。<br />
<br />
我敲过袁中印家的门。开门的是一位60来岁的客家妇女,我猜想就是袁庚的 弟媳了。袁庚把两个弟弟带出来参加革命,ー个弟弟在抗日战争中被日本飞机炸 死,这个弟媳一直在袁家生活。这位老人热情地招呼我,可惜我不会讲客家话,只 好笑而告退。<br />
<br />
上述那位年轻人,在我结束这篇文章的时候,必须记上一笔。<br />
<br />
他叫周为民,清华大学毕业。1976年因参加“四五运动”坐过半年牢,打倒“四 人帮”后当过清华大学团委副书记。由于某种历史原因,他成了个有争议的人物。 来到蛇口后,当了半年宣传处处长,又当了半年通信公司的架线工人,最近几个月 ォ当上房地产公司副经理。这个经历本身就颇耐人寻味。袁庚用他,是要冒一点 风险的。他和他的妻子俞奇,曾经做好了离开蛇口的思想准备,终于还是留下 来了。<br />
<br />
袁庚讲话,青年人爱听。但是,有些话重复多次,有的青年人就不耐烦了,议论 说:“袁董是不是老化了,变得唠唠叨叨了。”周为民把这些反映,以及其他对袁庚 的缺点的议论,收集起来,写信告诉袁庚。几天后,袁庚紧紧握着他的手说:“谢谢<br />
<br />
你!很久没有人向我反映这些意见了。你以后要多提醒我。”<br />
<br />
去年胡耀邦同志视察蛇口的时候,袁庚曾特地把顾立基、赵勇、周为民等几个 年轻干部介绍给总书记。耀邦同志问了他们的年龄等情况,满怀深情地说:<br />
<br />
“前几天有一个电视名叫《状元谱》,上面有两句话,长江后浪推前浪,英雄出 自少年郎。大概你们就是少年郎吧。”<br />
<br />
蛇口会集了多少有作为的少年郎啊!<br />
<br />
短短ー个月的耳闻目睹,给了我ー个强烈的印象:在这里,热血男儿不只是ー 个袁庚。仅就我访问过的同志而言,我觉得,不论年长的还是年轻的,男的还是女 的,被赞美的还是有争议的,他们都有一个共同特点一热爱蛇口,渴望改革。尽 管对某些具体的人和事的看法可能不同,他们的心都是热的,血都是热的。这里真 是热血男儿（当然也包括女儿）的天下!<br />
<br />
如果可以把城市比作人的话,那么年方5岁的蛇口,这个朝气蓬勃的海港小 城,正是ー个前程不可限量的热血男儿!<br />
<br />
蛇口的海港连着祖国漫长的海岸线,蛇口的大路连着祖国广大的土地。从海 岸到内地,从乡村到城市,改革的浪潮以不可阻挡之势向前推进。在这浪潮之中, 更有多少热血男儿在奋勇搏击！满腔的热血已经沸腾,要为真理而斗争！<br />
<br />
真理就是改革！改革就是真理！<br />
<br />
（原载《花城＞1984年第6期）<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
卷ー<br />
<br />
序李炳银/001<br />
<br />
哥德巴赫猜想 徐 迟/001<br />
<br />
船长柯岩/021<br />
<br />
痴情理由/040<br />
<br />
中国姑娘鲁光/ 086<br />
<br />
三门李逸闻乔迈Z 138<br />
<br />
胡杨泪孟晓云/ 150<br />
<br />
原野在呼唤 王兆军/ 163<br />
<br />
热血男儿李士非/ 183<br />
<br />
卷二<br />
<br />
中国农民大趋势（节选）李延国/219<br />
<br />
理论狂人 陈祖芬/261<br />
<br />
神圣忧思录 张 敏/283<br />
<br />
强国梦（节选）赵瑜/315<br />
<br />
伐木者,醒来!（节选）徐 刚Z358<br />
<br />
步鑫生现象的反思 周嘉俊Z397<br />
昆山之路杨守松/ 425<br />
<br />
飞向太空港（节选）李鸣生/465<br />
<br />
东方风来满眼春 陈锡添/526<br />
<br />
好梦将圆时 江永红/539<br />
<br />
智慧风暴（节选）王宏甲/573<br />
<br />
卷四<br />
<br />
4万:400万的牵挂 张雅文/ 625<br />
<br />
香港回归祖国10周年回眸 长 江/ 670<br />
<br />
木棉花开李春雷/695<br />
<br />
休息的革命（缩写本）王宏甲 刘 建/716<br />
<br />
闪着泪光的事业 蒋 巍/758<br />
<br />
让百姓做主朱晓军李英/ 777<br />
<br />
难回故里郭冬Z 817<br />
<br />
卷五<br />
<br />
国家何建明/855<br />
<br />
蛟龙探海（节选）许 晨/ 915<br />
<br />
袁隆平的世界（节选）陈启文/950<br />
<br />
“神舟”天路 兰宁远/ 1011<br />
<br />
智慧之翼李青松/ 1044<br />
<br />
附录 改革开放四十年优秀报告文学存目Z 1060<br />
中国农民大趋势<br />
<br />
胶东风情录（节选）<br />
李延国<br />
<br />
第一章オ目会在北京<br />
<br />
初春。北京电影制片厂。<br />
<br />
我住在这个厂招待所的一间斗室里,正没完没了地修改ー个电影文学剧本。 一天,值班室的服务员用扩音器通知我:有客人来找。<br />
<br />
我走下楼去。几个身穿呢料制服的男子汉正等候在那里。<br />
<br />
“弟弟!”我一下把他从人群中辨认出来,他那黝黑的、已经被岁月的犁铮犁出 了沟痕的面孔,刚经修饰,显得容光焕发。他彬彬有礼地上前来同我握手,向我介 绍同来的人们。他们的神采和装束使我大为惊讶,要知道,他们是文学概念中的 “庄稼汉”呀!<br />
<br />
“你们怎么来的?”<br />
<br />
“自己带的车!”他指指外面的“吉普”。<br />
<br />
两千多里路,他们竟然坐上了“专车” 〇<br />
<br />
“你们要去哪里?”<br />
<br />
“深圳!”<br />
<br />
“到深圳做什么?”<br />
<br />
“考察!”<br />
<br />
故乡,在我的情思里,那是黄昏的茅屋上一缕淡淡的炊烟,那是黎明的原野上 一声悠长的牛叫,那是父亲头上ー顶破了边的草帽,那是母亲褪色的衣襟上一块杂 色补丁,那是弟弟一双饥饿的眼睛,那是妹妹辫子上一根粗糙的头绳……眼前的景 象,使我无法和过去联系起来。<br />
<br />
“你们办好去边境的手续了吗?”<br />
<br />
“办好了！”<br />
<br />
“坐火车去吗?”<br />
<br />
“不,坐飞机去!”<br />
<br />
“你们是怎样买到飞机票的?”<br />
<br />
“作家协会的一位同志帮忙买的。”<br />
<br />
我从ー个农民走上文坛,足足用了二十多年的工夫,那是一条漫长的路,我仿 佛觉得,这条路已经离开家乡很远很远,不料想,兄弟们斜刺里从青纱帐杀了出来, 竟一下子冲进了这个世界的核心部位。<br />
<br />
他们这一行,是由年轻的镇委书记谢玉堂带领的,其中包括已经声名大震的农 民企业家李德海等。他们去深圳不仅是为了开开眼界,原来家乡在那里是投了资 的,ー甩手拿出几十万、上百万元,现在他们将以“股东”的身份走在深圳繁华的街 市上,从那个窗口去瞭望世界!<br />
<br />
我不知该怎样招待他们这些“天外来客” 〇<br />
<br />
我忽然想到了我的优势:“我领你们去看看摄影棚吧,里面在拍电影,挺好 玩的。”<br />
<br />
他们一行人顿时变成了“中国农民电影考察团”,随我向摄影棚走去。艺术对 他们曾是遥远的、朦胧的,今天他们要走近前去看个仔细。<br />
<br />
我们被挡在摄影棚巨大的铁门外边,这里的制度是严格的,参观的人需经厂保 卫科批准。<br />
<br />
“中国农民电影考察团”被尴尬地晒在那里。<br />
<br />
我忽然又想起了另ー个优势:“去看看'北影一条街’吧！”<br />
<br />
“北影一条街”是ー个半永久性的露天布景,坐落在厂院后区,巧夺天工的美 エ师们在这里搭起了具有古典风格的店铺、楼阁、墙垒。走在这里,像走进了陈旧 的岁月之中。《垂帘听政》《海囚》《双雄会》《骆驼祥子》等等许多撼动人心的历史 场面都是在这里拍摄出来的,中国农民在这里扮演了屈辱和失败的角色！<br />
<br />
农民兄弟们巨大的步幅,很快把这一条小小的街道丈量完了,他们好奇地转到 布景的后面,ー个个不禁哑然失笑:“都是假的呀!”<br />
<br />
没有什么事情能唤起他们的兴趣。我决意尽主人之道,把他们领到北影小食 堂狠狠来上一顿,花个三十二十的！<br />
<br />
“不,跟我们去吧！”他们反客为主。<br />
<br />
“去哪里?”<br />
<br />
“小洞天,西餐!”<br />
<br />
我简直是五体投地！我想象不出来,他们是怎么睁大寻觅的眼睛,在偌大的北<br />
<br />
京城找到了那个藏在地缝里的“小洞天”的。<br />
<br />
我的兄弟们在我面前变得陌生了,这一切变化是怎样开始的?是谁给了他们 这新的风采、新的气质?<br />
<br />
他们似乎在追赶着什么一乘上飞机,用超音速……<br />
<br />
文学,将仰首注视他们!<br />
<br />
中国,是世界上拥有农民最多的国家,谁不了解当代的中国农民的变化,谁就 不了解当代的中国。<br />
<br />
传统的农民观念在我的头脑里发生了动摇。<br />
<br />
到胶东去!<br />
<br />
到故乡去!<br />
<br />
第二章故乡之门<br />
<br />
烟台,我的故乡。<br />
<br />
据说,这是ー个没有待业青年的城市。一位空军战斗英雄在这里担任副市长; 一位从北京招聘来的硕士研究生被委任为市委宣传部长（他们都是胶东的儿子）； 留职停薪的教师开办旅游开发公司,市政府领导亲临剪彩;上海交通大学的几位校 友创办烟台思源新技术开发公司,经济学家于光远发来贺电;新建的电视台将于7 月1日开播;集资兴办的综合性的烟台大学正在开挖地基;现代化的海上游乐园正 在啞桐岛上破土动エ;东郊的飞机场、西郊的高速公路正在筹建之中；那些农民办 的饭店、旅馆、商场、烤鸭店、运输公司更是兴隆昌盛……真个是:昨梦乘风破浪去, 满山灯火是烟台。<br />
<br />
当天晚上,市委书记王济夫同志来到宾馆。凡来烟台的学者、作家、画家、书法 家、记者、编辑、科学家,他总要抽空来看望。他身上兼有军人的敏捷和学者的优 雅,讲话却又充满诗人的激情,那浓重的乡音,又使我如见故里。<br />
<br />
他也是胶东当代的ー个传奇人物。他ー会儿身穿西服登上党代会的主席台, 一会儿在宾馆和外商洽谈大型旅游服务系统的投资,一会儿又拉着商业局长深入 个体饮食店解决原料供应,一会儿又到新成立的画院和画家们评论新作,一会儿又 到某郊区县为农民企业家发表辩护演说……此刻为迎接对外开放,他刚刚从海湾 对面的姊妹城市一大连考察回来,毫无倦意地坐在沙发上。<br />
<br />
“最近写些什么作品了?”他拍拍我刚送给他的《在这片国土上》的单行本,“你 很少回家,应该回来看看我们这片乡土。这是一片烈士洒过鲜血的土地,今天发生 了翻天覆地的变化。你应该看看农民怎样变成企业家的。”他边说边挥动手臂,仿 <br />
佛这不是在屋里,而是在ー个视野开阔的制高点上,“'牟平七雄’’蓬莱ハ仙’’黄 县五杰’’栖霞三能’……他们都是ー窝子ー窝子的。英雄无独有偶,都是竞争出 来的。三中全会造就了一大批英雄,你应该去看看他们怎样跟着三中全会的旗帜, 改变了自己的命运。现在的家乡,可不是昔日的家乡了;现在的农业,可不是传统 的农业了;现在的农民,可不是当年鲁迅笔下的阿Q、赵树理笔下的李有オ,也不是 高晓声笔下的陈奂生了。就是说,这个深刻变化不仅发生在地貌上、生产关系上, 也发生在人的灵魂深处,动摇了很多传统的东西……”<br />
<br />
来也匆匆,去也匆匆。他走下楼去,站到汽车门前,海风掀起他黑色的衣襟,像 鼓起的船帆。他回头说:<br />
<br />
“人是复杂的,文学也应该是复杂的。唱改革者之歌的时候,不要忘记他们的 辛酸、他们的磨难。任何ー项改革都不是在笔直的路上走的……”<br />
<br />
车走了,仲夏的海滨卷起一阵旋风。<br />
<br />
好有力的旋风啊!<br />
<br />
第三章走进蓬莱仙境<br />
<br />
蓬莱阁上<br />
<br />
神话今说<br />
<br />
蓬莱,民族英雄戚继光的故乡,八仙过海传说的发祥地,你把魂魄凝聚在小小 的蓬莱阁上。不是吗?要不,在这里只做过五天知府的苏东坡为什么留下了“东方 云海空复空,群仙出没空明中”的诗句?为什么远离热土的老华侨要登临神堂烧上 ー炷香烛?为什么那些蓝眼睛的异国人要在参天的古柏前留一帧小照?<br />
<br />
在我登上这座建筑在民族心理上九百余年的仙阁时,适逢ー批外国友人乘兴 游览,导游员刘妍,一位端庄聪颖的农民女儿（她爱好田径,学过武术,酷爱外语）, 带领他们穿行在神话传说的历史中。<br />
<br />
“请问刘小姐,这里为什么叫蓬莱呢?”<br />
<br />
“据说,当年秦始皇为了求长生不老药,曾来到这里,他突然发现海里有一片赤 色,就连忙问随行的方士:’那是什么?’方士答道:'那是仙岛。’秦始皇又问:'那仙 岛叫什么名字?’方士回答不上来,慌乱中发现海水里有一片海草,'蓬’和'莱’都 是草名,方士就顺ロ应付说:'蓬莱。’从此,蓬莱仙岛这个名字就流传开了……”<br />
<br />
“刘小姐,您刚オ说,ハ仙过海中的八位神仙,是在蓬莱阁上喝醉了酒之后飘然 过海……请问,他们过海到哪里去了?”<br />
<br />
“传说很多。不过,今天的蓬莱农村,发生了翻天覆地的变化,我想,八位仙人 一定是留恋人间的新生活,投胎为农民企业家、专业户、个体户。如果先生和女士 们有兴趣,不妨到蓬莱农村一游……”<br />
<br />
刘妍莞尔一笑,博得一阵喝彩! 一位外宾说:<br />
<br />
“刘小姐,你可以做何仙姑了!”<br />
<br />
伊甸园的葡萄熟了<br />
<br />
商品生产观念的形成<br />
<br />
今天,庄户人的自给自足的传统观念像雪山一样崩塌了 !<br />
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大姜家大队的300亩葡萄园,就曾经是ー个和传统观念搏斗的战场！<br />
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开始,28岁的支部书记姜世谭,决定根据三中全会精神调整农业内部结构,拿 出西南洼110亩水浇地改种葡萄,立时受到围攻,上面点名,下面咒骂,连老父亲也 质问他:“现在国家提高粮价,你去种什么葡萄?”<br />
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为了使葡萄园方方正正,还要耕掉50亩漫脚面的麦苗,于是老队长姜世希领 着四个生产队长和姜世谭滚打在ー起:<br />
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“败家子儿！这是四五万斤麦子呀!”<br />
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“老祖宗撇下这么点好地,你穷作!”<br />
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“你不是吃人饭长的……”<br />
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姜世谭被逼成个“红眼狼”,鞭子ー甩:“耕!”他推着雪亮的犁刀,绿生生的麦 苗被翻到地下去了！<br />
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1983年秋天,葡萄熟了,ー嘟噜ー串地压满了架子,听听那些名字吧:龙眼、泽 香、白茹、枣晶、贵人香、赤霞珠……姜世谭把全村老少六百口子请了来:<br />
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“今天请乡亲们来吃葡萄！ ー百多个品种管尝！大家边吃,边算ー笔账,按市 价这ー嘟噜葡萄能卖ー块钱,大家可以数数有多少嘟噜……”<br />
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数得过来吗?<br />
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最后的账目还是由会计算出来的,ー亩葡萄的收益相当于1万斤小麦,1〇〇多 亩葡萄超过了全村1500亩粮田的总收入！<br />
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伊甸园的葡萄熟了,大姜家人的思想飞跃了！<br />
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姜世谭又来了第二个惊险的跳跃:建立食品加工厂,生产葡萄罐头,增值！<br />
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食品厂在斗争中建起来了,开エ40天,产值就达14万元。<br />
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“凡是要改革ー项事情,总是有阻カ。毛主席去世后,两个’凡是’听得多顺 溜? 一说毛主席有错误有缺点,农民根本不承认这个事。搞大包干、责任制,可又 舍不得丢掉大锅饭;要搞商品生产,阻力更大,这次改革是农民改行呀!农民做エ, 书记当经理。过去是春天捅ー棍,秋天吃ー顿,现在像《霍元甲》主题歌里唱的: ’沉睡百年,国人渐已醒,睁开眼吧,抬头看吧’,和几千年的小农生产方式决 裂了。”<br />
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草店流行红裙子<br />
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生活秩序、审美心理一见<br />
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一走进草店大队,不时地看到ー些穿红裙子的姑娘,那么惹目。<br />
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她们来自何方?<br />
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两年前,党支部书记王明福六进天津请来ー个病休的女工程师,一下子给她涨 了 20级エ资（月工资300元,路费、生活费全包）,建起了一个染线厂。结果是:请 了一个人,办了一个厂,富了一个村。后来又在染线厂的基础上办起了羊毛衫厂。 整个草店的生活秩序改变了,实行生产责任制后的两个“剩余”（剩余劳カ、剩余时 间）变成了两个“紧张”,又从外村雇用了 500多劳カ,都是年轻的农村姑娘。<br />
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这些来自南庄北瞳的姑娘们,ー开始是带着一些羞涩和矜持走上草店那带有 路灯的、25米宽的大路的。可是织布机很快改变了老ー辈留给她们的旧有的生活 节奏。她们不再像父辈们那样,日出而作,日落而息。这个“不夜村”里,她们见面 不再用父辈的“上山下山”,而是互相招呼着:“你夜班?”“你白班?”“你上班?”“你 下班?”每当说着的时候,你可以看出她们内心的自豪和欢悦。她们也像城里人ー 样,提兜里装上一个铝饭盒,吃饭的时候聚在ー起,说着班上的ー些事情。她们织 出的羊毛衫印上蓬莱阁图案,运到了东北、陕北、山西、河南……她们的审美观已不 满足于过去的头上插ー朵野花、扎ー根红头绳,现在她们用自己挣的工资买来了最 时兴的红裙子。<br />
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去访问ー个穿红裙子的姑娘吧!<br />
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她叫姜利华,是附近上口姜家大队社员,今年21岁,她胖乎乎的,生着ー个端 正的小翘鼻子,头发梳成两个“把把”,发梢是烫过的,显得很有韵致。<br />
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“你为什么到这里来?”<br />
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“不愿意在家种地。”她爽直地向我笑笑,胖胖的手来回搓着。<br />
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“家里分那么几亩地,也用不着闺女家,还有她哥,她爹。”陪伴我的离职老队 长在ー边插言。<br />
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“你打算在这里干到什么时候?”<br />
“干到エ厂’黄’了的时候……不’黄'就在这里干!”<br />
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“你去年收入了多少?”<br />
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“1010块,年底开支一大摞,没敢往家喊（拿）,公社信用社在这里,存了活期, 存折交给俺爹……”<br />
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“你花钱怎么办?”<br />
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“问俺爹要……哎呀,你记这些干什么?让人家笑话。”<br />
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“你爹妈高兴吧?”<br />
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老队长:“他们当然高兴,她ー个人挣的顶他们全家!”<br />
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姑娘抿嘴一笑:“以前俺上下班骑俺二姐的自行车,今年俺爹托人上北沟买了 辆'金鹿’。他说:’华,这辆车子就是你的了,好好骑。’俺回家一干活他就说:’不 用不用,你去睡觉吧。’大姐二姐都不如我。上夜班带饭,俺妈都非给两个鸡蛋 拿着。”<br />
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老队长:“你看看那些上夜班的闺女,哪个不拿鸡蛋?早先还有她们的?都是 早晨打给她爹她哥吃了。”<br />
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“明天王绪庙会,俺妈说给俺和嫂子一人20元钱,再添些夏天衣裳。”<br />
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老队氏:“还添衣裳！如今的姑娘家,哪个的衣裳都是一身一身的。也不嫌衣 裳多了生虫子!”<br />
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“出去旅游过吗?”<br />
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“还没有!”<br />
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老队长:“可不喜去,一点好处也没有。招远的ー帮子坐拖拉机上蓬莱阁,车翻 沟里去了,一下子死了俩！再说听景有景,看景没景。逛ー趟泰山来回得花ー百 多,还不如在家里喝100斤酒!”<br />
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姑娘没有吭声,也许她自有主张。<br />
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回到招待所里,我思绪不能平息。过去这个村子是蓬（莱）黄（县）公路上的ー 个马车店,因兼卖草料而得名“草店”。至今老人们还能背下流传几辈子的歌谣: “草店穷,穷草店,吃水要走二里半,去时穿花鞋,回时露鸭蛋（后脚跟）,有女不嫁 穷草店。”从歌谣中的“花鞋”二字猜测,这歌谣一定是受尽了苦楚的妇女们编出来 的。而今妇女们进草店也不是那么容易了。王明福规定,来草店做エ的姑娘除了 要经过考试外,模样不耐看的不要,个头不高的不要ーー来记者照相没有机器高那 还行吗?以后不光要会说中国话,还要会说外国话的一这里常有外宾来。<br />
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在我门ロー边,有一个卖杂货的摊贩,五十多岁年纪,戴着ー副眼镜,一条眼镜 腿断了,是用麻线拴在耳朵上的。在那些杂七杂八的货摊上,竟还摆放着一本《性 的知识》,书的后面被老汉用钢笔把“0.32元”改为“0.45元”。黄昏,ー个穿红裙 子的姑娘匆匆走过我的窗前,她向四周瞥了一眼,丢下一元钱,拿起那本书,就红着 脸跑开了。<br />
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她们渴望了解世界,也渴望了解自身!<br />
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尽管还带着一点羞涩。<br />
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我看到老汉并未打算给姑娘找零钱,而是从屁股下的木箱里又拿出了一本《性 的知识》,摆在原处,好像是唯一的一本。<br />
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文明,又被蒙上了不文明的尘埃。生活中的ー些事情,往往是这样以多种色调 出现的。<br />
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村庄里的都市<br />
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——金钱观念一瞥<br />
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解放上海的时候,在广东同乡会门口的马路上,露天睡着我27军81师24I团 的一个年轻的机枪手,他有一米八的个子,打着绑腿,怀里抱着一挺“歪把子”。早 晨醒来,他看到那高大的楼门上挂着ー块牌子:“XX股份有限公司”。他好奇地 问班长,那是干什么的?班长答不上;问排长,排长也答不上。后来得知,那是资本 家集资做买卖......<br />
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现在这个机枪手已经65岁了,他是孙陶大队“蔚阳农工商联合公司”总经 理ーー孙陶是烟台地区最早改为“公司”的大队。他毕竟不是当年的机枪手了,牙 齿脱落,嘴巴瘪瘪的,有点像画中的“太上老君”,而他的改革的某些方面也带有封 建家长制的色彩。在“农工商联合公司”的牌子旁边,还挂着ー块“村政府”的大牌 子。他的穿戴也是几个时代混合着:上身着旧蓝布褂,下身穿军裤,脚上却跋拉着 泡沫拖鞋。左右上衣兜甩齐插ー支钢笔,显得不伦不类。窗外则同时传来机耕声 和豆腐梆子声。<br />
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“老李呀,一句话,我抓钱!过去咱总怕钱烧手,现在重点搞经济建设,这个观 念不转不行!我现在四个经理部:农业经理部、エ副业加工经理部、商业经理部、供 销经理部。农业经理部下设机械、饲养、技术队、林业队、二林队、鸡场、菜园子、花 场……エ副业加工部下设木业、石子场、预制件厂、面粉厂、挂面厂、铸造厂、刀具 厂、酿造厂……商业经理部下设中医、缝纫、塑料厂、冷食店、浴池、饭店、商店、糕 点、面包厂、水果、牙科诊所、照相馆……应有尽有,我要把孙陶建成个小城市,小上 海。”我赞同地说:“你这里成了村庄里的都市了 !”<br />
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他接下去:“你刚オ去洗澡了,我那个浴池怎么样?比你们济南不差吧!花了 <br />
9万块!全是瓷砖铺地,从这里到黄县25里,到蓬莱40里,没有浴池!现在两毛五 ー个票,社员不用到河沟里洗澡了。青年妇女最愿意洗澡了,她们愿干净,过去都 在晚上到河里洗一洗。凡来洗澡的人都说这是个好事!”<br />
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“牙科、照相、水果这些小门面能盈多少利?”<br />
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“盈利不多,可碎金子也是金子呀!我的包子铺商号叫‘半分利’,它有吸引 力,喝茶水不要钱,都愿来。茶水喝多了,刮肚子,肚子空落落的,就要吃包子,不吃 包子,尿尿也是咱的肥料。别看这个小店,一年纯利润ー万四五千。”<br />
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老经理好动,坐在沙发上讲着,不时探出身子拍打一下我的脚面:<br />
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“人是钱架的,鳖是水架的。过去是越穷越革命,老鹰拴在鳖脖子上,有能耐也 飞不起来！现在,为了抓钱,我还搞了个’集体入股’。最小十元一股,多者千元一 股。农民攒钱怕人,这样入股,提高了集体主义思想,他觉得公司也有他的ー份。 我带头入了一万元的股。股金分红按四六。彭真讲'把社会上资金集中起来,长期 使用’,做事要有上面精神,打起官司来有说头。’肥水不外流’嘛！我还向你们牟 平李德海介绍过这个法儿。”<br />
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我说:“这种做法合适吗?”<br />
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他并不理会我:“上头财政把得那么死,我们自己为什么不能搞活点?反正在 这个小村里我说了算。不宾（佩）服?谁的老婆在家干吗我都知道！我宾服李德 海这个人,有经济头脑。前ー阵子传谣言,说李德海被抓起来了,罪名是什么?’强 奸妇女’!当时我就不信。”他忽然压低声音,“别说他那么大的家业忙得没有心 思,就是有那个心思,像他这样的英雄还用强奸?……”<br />
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对这话,我只能报以苦笑。<br />
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神秘的登州商行<br />
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——信息观念及其他<br />
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如果有人每年花3万元租金在城里租ー层宾馆,你一定会感到不可思议,如果 这个人是ー个走出磨道的农民,那你更会惊奇不已！<br />
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这是乡下农民进城办的ー个商行。宾馆门口“登州商行”四个钢铁铸的大字, 是花800元从青岛请了著名书法家写的。曾几何时,高晓声笔下的陈奂生在县城 的宾馆里闹出了一通又一通的笑话,这个“登州商行”里是否还有陈奂生这样的农 民呢?<br />
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我在这个商行的总经理室见到的第一个人物是位20岁出头的姑娘,她叫吴鸿 岩,圆胖胖的脸,扎两个把把,眉眼中带有农村姑娘的憨厚和灵秀<br />
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我进门时,她正俯在ー个大书案上从四十多份报刊中检索,把有关商品信息的 部分剪贴起来。有些报刊是我从来没见过的:《上海译报》《上海物资市场》《致富 报》《市场周报》《经济预测》《农村金融》《深圳特区报》《湖南经济报》……<br />
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“你是秘书吗?”我发问。<br />
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“没有那么大,是文书。”她赧然一笑。<br />
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当知道我是职业创作员时,她竟和我从文学角度探讨起社会问题:“你说现在 农民身上有没有阿Q精神?”<br />
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我一下子回答不上来。<br />
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她认真地说:“我一直在想这个问题。阿Q精神是有的。农民和土地绑在ー 块儿,受了欺侮也走不出去,就得自己安慰自己。有时候没有阿Q精神就活不 下去。”<br />
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这话不是在《文艺报》组织的农村题材座谈会上,而是出自ー个穷乡僻壤的农 村姑娘之ロ!<br />
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她的哥哥吴鸿康走进来了,他是这个商行的副经理,也ー起参与“农民政治经 济学”的讨论:“农村有些干部很像’土皇帝’!责任制某种意义上就是分散他们的 权カ,冲破旧的组合!为什么责任制受到群众那么拥护?不值得干部思考吗?我 们为什么进城?就是为了摆脱大队给我们的束缚！人挪活,树挪死。我们出来不 是为挣钱的,为了干ー番事业给他们看看!”<br />
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吴鸿岩插话说:“农民进城办商行,免不了带有农民的痕迹。有了成绩容易满 足,遇到挫折容易灰心丧气,办事不讲效率,拖拖拉拉。我们总经理对职员要求:农 民进城必须去掉农民意识,搞商品流通,散漫不行。现在是信息时代,ー些农民的 旧习气不改,根本搞不好商品生产和商品流通。光蓬莱,我们这样的商行就有九 家,农民办的就有三家,竞争很厉害,不抓紧能行吗?我们搞正规化,每天五点半起 床,跑步;六点钟回来,自学半个小时;七点开饭;七点半上班;中午十一点半下 班……晚上九点又和全国各地办事处打电话,互通信息。”<br />
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神秘的登州商行！<br />
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总经理侯日超出场了,夹着黑色皮包,穿着一身笔挺的西服,他40岁出头,方 方的额头,深深的眼窝,尖下巴,眼角有道道血丝,脸上表情淡漠,却隐示着ー种坚 毅。这个农民似乎是从地平线下突然冒出来的,不,确切地说,他是从土地里走出 来的,他大胆地割断了与土地的“脐带”,把承包的16亩责任田,全部转包给别人, 只要转包户每年向他全家每人提供200斤小麦、100斤花生,他用国家牌价购买,而 他和妻子都投身于这个商行的工作。<br />
他走出土地,同时也走出了自己的历史。作为ー个农民,他推过车,挑过担子, 整过“大寨田”,当过生产队长,还曾被评选为民兵“学习毛主席著作积极分子”。 他好读书,好文娱,好搞创新性的玩意儿。当瓦匠,半年就掌尺,因为老瓦匠们舍不 得花钱买工具,而他知道石家庄的泥板是最好的。村里搞剧团,他鼓鼓捣捣,组织 起十来个人的小乐队。“文革”开始他又学会扎针,社员有个头痛脑热,不上公社 医院,来找他。1983年承包橡胶厂,发了财,三个支部委员和一个大队长,天天去 抢账,他ー气之下走出了村庄……<br />
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现在登州商行有四十多个职エ,大都是在村里待得压抑的农民。侯日超ー跃 成为商行经理,下分经理办公室、供销科、总务科、财务科、信息科、エ业科,现在分 别在大连、沈阳、天津、北京、上海、青岛、哈尔滨等大城市派设有办事处和信息员。<br />
<br />
信息观念在他们身上的建立,使我惊叹不已。<br />
<br />
“搞商品流通,必须到经济发达的地方去办,经济发达的地方文化也发达,文化 发达的地方,消费也发达,这样才能正确地了解市场。过去是秀才不出门,便知天 下事,那是靠读书,现在光靠书本不行了,等书印出来,什么信息也晚了三秋。现在 信息手段很多,电话、电报、广播、报纸、电视、联络网、社会交往。生产カ发展的历 史,就是交往不断扩大的历史……马克思讲人与人之间的关系,是经济基础的核 心,只有有了人与人之间的关系,才能去创造财富。现在我们采用了广泛联系的方 针,在经济学上叫'广泛联合’,我们在这里是经营中心,在全国伸出了若干条腿, 借助各地大中心,发挥咱小中心的作用。这叫’经济横向联系’。”他随手撕下ー张 印刷的信息调查报告表,说,“在外的办事员、信息员、供销员定期ー个月寄回两 次。”这表上有物品种类、价格、规格型号、数量、信息编号、市场形势、预测分析, “我们还准备搞密码,考虑到经济信息要保密。我们还聘请了法律顾问、经济顾问、 政策顾问。”<br />
<br />
在我面前的,绝不是“闰土”和“陈奂生” 了 !<br />
<br />
我顺手抓起一份信息剪报,在“山东莱芜羊里公社,可收获优质大蒜4万斤寻 求销路”这一段文字下面有红笔标示。<br />
<br />
“你们准备买大蒜吗?”我问。<br />
<br />
“香港八汇有限公司找我们订了 300吨,照国家外贸价。”<br />
<br />
“他们去莱芜联系过了吗?”<br />
<br />
“没有。大蒜价格还要落,现在去联系价格不好商量。”<br />
<br />
“你何以预测出大蒜要落价?”<br />
<br />
“第一个信息,今年蒜薰多,蒜薰丰收,大蒜也必然丰收。现在买是我们求他,<br />
<br />
将来买是他来求我!”<br />
<br />
其机敏可见一斑。<br />
<br />
“我们搞的代购代销,是商品流通的一种形式,是市场调节的手段。现在我们 也考虑办エ厂,先上纸箱厂、饮料厂、瓷雕厂、裘装厂一这个是和外商合办的。还 准备买专利……等到1985年可以打个漂亮仗,纯收入拿500万,向国家提供600 万元税收。蓬莱缺大旅馆,外国人来了还要回烟台去住。我们准备盖个十三层的 高级旅馆,要有占地100亩的高尔夫球场,将来蓬莱以它特有的条件一蓬莱阁成 为烟台的贸易中心,吸引外商。他不了解你这些人,怎么投资?”<br />
<br />
他回身用拇指指指墙上的彩色挂历,那是一幅夏威夷海滩浴场的照片:“你看 这夏威夷海滨,我们蓬莱为什么不能搞成这样?”<br />
<br />
他的笑容中或有当年“乐队队长”的率直和快乐。<br />
<br />
“中国的革命,在某种意义上说是农民的革命,可是农民还没有得到应有的利 益。三中全会解决了这个问题,现在政策允许你的思维发展。过去在农村是智力 高的伺候智力低的。古话说:出头椽子先烂,烂也是ー辈子。不要珍惜你的生命, ー千岁又怎么样?要珍惜社会贡献……有人说我们吹牛X。随他!过去说吹牛X 不纳税,现在吹牛X得纳税,不信试试!”<br />
<br />
第四章在历史的接合部上<br />
<br />
是的,无数个瞬间,组成了人类历史的长河。<br />
<br />
历史学家在研究历史的时候,没有忽视“瞬间”这个历史的“微粒”。战争的决 胜,国家的兴衰,在某个瞬间所引起的质变:项羽鸿门宴却步于樊哙之勇,司马懿ー 念败退于诸葛亮的空城计,希特勒对盟军诺曼底登陆之失算……历史往往在某个 瞬间悄悄地开始了一个时代。国家、民族的命运是这样,个人的命运也是这样。但 历史毕竟是个记忆衰退的老人,它向后人叙述的,大都是些概念,而文学,却需要到 光阴之河里去捕捞无数充满感情色彩的细节,组成它的艺术生命。趁历史还没有 走远,我们还来得及去回首看ー看那打着时代变革印记的无数个瞬间。<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他们像没娘的孩子<br />
<br />
困惑篇<br />
<br />
“辛辛苦苦30年,一夜回到解放前！呜呜呜……”<br />
<br />
烟台地区责任制的巨大闸门终于被撬动起来之时,在栖霞县ー个山沟的野布<br />
<br />
大队办公室里,7个党支部委员对着毛主席的画像伤心地哭了起来。<br />
<br />
他们平均55岁,7个人中有6个当过八路军、3个二等残疾军人一个个是共 产党的忠诚战士。这里是革命老区,许世友司令员曾住在附近的东下布。他们给 子弟兵缝过军装,养过伤员……是社会主义救了这个旧社会有名的“叫花子布”， 今天有了果园,有了水库,有了马车,有了柴油机和拖拉机……<br />
<br />
这些家业,都是他们听毛主席的话带领群众创出来的。今天毛主席订的某些 章程要更改了,是在他老人家已经不在了的时候……<br />
<br />
“呜呜呜……”老年人的哭声是悲怆的。<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他痛苦地否定了自己<br />
<br />
省悟篇<br />
<br />
这是个倔老头儿!<br />
<br />
他很少服输。“文化大革命”中一连斗了他33次,在黄县,造反派都说他磨山 迟家是“小台湾”,而他迟本达,就是顽固不化的“蒋光头”。在批斗大会上,“造反 派”踢他ー脚,他当即回敬一拳,硬是把“造反派”给打散了。后来,他磨山迟家成 了“红色革命根据地”,县里的老干部,干社会主义的“铁柱子”,每天有几百人在这 里吃饭。现在他大小机械100多台,汽车3辆,拖拉机6台,果园!000亩,还搞不 过你的“大包干”?他有空就悄悄往邻队地里一蹲,不是去学习,而是挑刺儿。<br />
<br />
和共和国同龄的县委书记杜世成,苦口婆心来劝说:“还是搞责任制好,700户 社员,就有700个’队长’,专业化、社会化是今后的方向。”<br />
<br />
老头儿不服劲儿,又不得不做出样子,把大锅饭改成“中锅饭”,ー个大队分成 两个,12个生产队分成了 24个生产组,中央不是说“多种形式”吗?<br />
<br />
年底公社列表张榜,挂到会议室正面墙上,迟本达不敢过去正视,因为磨山迟 家这个一向当“领头雁”的,一下子变成了尾巴梢子,简直令人不敢相信,却又是千 真万确的事实!<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,老头子垂下了白花花的脑袋,却装着用手去搔头……<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他失明的双目透进了阳光<br />
<br />
——信仰篇<br />
<br />
掖县是烟台地区的“西南大门”,紧挨着责任制搞得较早的昌潍地区。当初有 的领导同志曾提出:“掖县要挡住西南风!”<br />
<br />
ー个双目失明的瘦小老人点着ー根七尺长的竹竿走出来了,他是掖县过西乡 <br />
徐家大队的当家人徐斌。这个双目失明的人当了 30多年支部书记,他用一根竹竿 探路,带着全村600多户人家,两千多口子人,从昨天走到今天。<br />
<br />
一切都是摸索过来的。这或许反映了中国农民在特殊条件下的历史进程!<br />
<br />
他是怎样把徐家大队领成一个“先进”啊一竹竿上刻着尺寸,翻过的地,他 要逐块去量一量,看是否够深度。社员剜谷苗,他要去摸一摸稀疏。到后来,有的 社员锄地光锄地头,糊弄他这个瞎汉,他检查生产,不得不点着ー根竹竿,向青纱帐 深处走去。过去,这ー些被当作先进事迹,在各种会议上介绍,那其实是ー种多么 深刻的悲剧,ー种多么令人痛心的象征! !<br />
<br />
他率先实行了生产责任制。用竹竿捅破那长期以来形成的不符合实际情况的 固有观念!<br />
<br />
他率先发展了商品生产,办起了糖厂、面粉加工厂、冰库（这是我见到的第一座 农民冰库）、修配厂……<br />
<br />
他不能看电影,却在全公社修起了第一座带座位的农民影院;他不能看书,却 办起了有数千册藏书的图书馆;他没有孩子在身边,却修起了连联合国的考察团也 为之咋舌的幼儿园。<br />
<br />
他看不见色彩,却在创造着彩色的生活！<br />
<br />
王济夫带着《烟台日报》的总编辑刘鹏雁来到这里,激动不已,对总编辑说: “掖县有了领头人,发个头条!”<br />
<br />
理解,你是阳光,把心灵的阴影驱散。<br />
<br />
徐斌像保存家珍似的把这份剪报贴在ー个本子上。<br />
<br />
“还有磁带,是中央电台录制的,我拿给你听听。”他瞎瞎摸摸,挪动着瘦瘦的 身躯,哼着小调,把磁带装到录音机里,按动开关,于是,关于他生命的信息,从女广 播员那脆亮而充满感情的播音中传达出来:<br />
<br />
“《当你回首往事的时候》……”<br />
<br />
我坐在他的侧面,看到他仍然沉浸在广播员那动情的朗诵之中。我看到了黑 镜片后面那畸形的深陷的眼窝,像两个喷发过岩浆的火山口,他的嘴在微微翕动 着。仅存无几的睫毛上沾着水汽,红红的眼窝嚙满了泪水,那心灵的潮汛终于汇集 成一股水流,向下淌去……<br />
<br />
我上车时,他伸出瘦瘦的手来向前摸索着,我知道他是在寻找我,要和我握别。<br />
<br />
我握着他的手,久久不愿松开。<br />
<br />
在这一瞬间我想到:痛苦在于我们这些不失明的人,让ー个失明的战士为我们 探路！<br />
<br />
他是在用心看着道路。<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他求告无望,横下一条心<br />
<br />
励志篇<br />
<br />
笑容,你来得是那么容易的吗?<br />
<br />
谭绪佑离开“大锅饭”时也感到过无所适从,过去的一切都是队上的“父母官” 包揽,现在,他这瘦巴巴、ー头卷发的汉子要自己去闯生活之路。<br />
<br />
到淄博去,嫂表弟建议他上个小作坊,生产“浮球式比重仪”,那是一家研究所 设计的新产品。谭绪佑壮着胆子接回来试制,二十天后带着五只样品去了,研究所 ー鉴定,竟然惊奇不已:“这是你们搞的吗?国营厂三个月拿出来算快的!”<br />
<br />
“武宁电器厂”的牌子在这个偏远的滨海村庄挂起来了,赞同的目光,惊讶的 目光,疑问的目光,嫉妒的目光都投向这个白漆黑字的木牌牌。<br />
<br />
ー个夜晚,木牌牌不翼而飞。<br />
<br />
扛走木牌的人显然不是因为缺柴烧。<br />
<br />
木牌不值多少钱,可那是门面啊,打人还不打脸呢。<br />
<br />
谭绪佑去报告“父母官”,路上看到大队仓库的后窗被人撬了,他怀着对集体 的感情,ー并做了报告。<br />
<br />
当天下午,队上的仓库后窗就派人钉上了,谭绪佑却在家等,等,等……<br />
<br />
谭绪佑猛然省悟到什么,跺跺脚,自己做了一个沉甸甸的大铁牌子,焊上挂柱, 垒进墙里去了。<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,他怒发冲冠,破门而出<br />
<br />
求索篇<br />
<br />
是铁,就要经受锤炼。<br />
<br />
有人向黄县平里院大队书记战学忠介绍,平陵县有一套设备,能使粉渣酿出 酒来。<br />
<br />
年轻的书记被这桩便宜买卖迷住了,花五万元钱把这套设备买了下来,由那边 派师傅帮助安装。<br />
<br />
一天、两天、三天……<br />
<br />
ー个月、两个月、三个月 <br />
<br />
社员们眼巴巴地望着,等着出酒哩。<br />
<br />
可是酒总出不来。<br />
<br />
战学忠打电报叫对方厂长来,杳无讯息。<br />
<br />
那天早上,忽然有人告诉战学忠:那两位“人质”跑了。<br />
<br />
战学忠赶去ー看,果然人走屋空,留在酒厂的设备,成了一堆废铁!<br />
<br />
那一瞬间,战学忠血冲脑门,狠狠擂动着门板,他意识到被骗了。牵线人和平 陵厂方合谋,把ー套毫无价值的设备坑给了他们。<br />
<br />
5万元哪,平里院的父老姊妹口挪肚省的血汗钱哪!<br />
<br />
战学忠带着合同到县经济法庭控告,花15元钱打印了一份诉状,直奔平陵县。<br />
<br />
平陵县的法庭庭长回家收责任田的小麦去了。<br />
<br />
战学忠在旅馆等了七天,后来终于见到了法庭庭长,庭长说:“办成办不成,先 交2500元的手续费,相当你损失的百分之五。”<br />
<br />
他已几乎囊空如洗!<br />
<br />
战学忠直接找到了工厂里,厂里的人告诉他,厂长换了,不能办!<br />
<br />
痛苦,已经超出了经济的范畴。<br />
<br />
那个“一瞬间”成了一服明目的良药,使这个!978年オ认识火车的“乡巴佬” 学会了商品生产的市场调查、信誉调查。<br />
<br />
北京王府井商场ー块“电动剃须刀无货”的牌子,使他跑遍了南京、杭州、无 锡、上海,亲自写出了一份三万言的电动剃须刀商品调查报告,接着把落满伤心泪 的烧酒车间改成了电器车间,前后不到8个月。第一批电动剃须刀组装起来,拿到 县里去鉴定,那些长着大胡子的局长、科长还不识其为何物！<br />
<br />
平里院电器总厂的大牌子就这样堂而皇之地挂起来了。年产!〇万只,畅销!1 个省市,年获利润12万元。<br />
<br />
战学忠,这个曾受过骗的农民企业家两眼闪动着智慧之光,ー边和我吃着自制 的牛奶冰棍,ー边给我讲着“企业经”和“做人经” 〇<br />
<br />
“我们乡镇企业是’游击队’,打ー枪换ー个地方。国营办ー个厂子,光厂房连 批带盖得一两年,咱有间房子先干起来,等你厂房盖起来,咱产品又更新了。乡镇 企业,必须看市场什么最活,最快……市场变化一天一个样,甚至一个钟头ー个样。 商品的竞争,是技术的竞争,信息的竞争,也是时间的竞争,有技术不用,转眼成了 旧技术,一切都在更新换代。我们队办エ业现在是由密集型到分散型一好多エ 序在社员家里 <br />
<br />
“咱平里院人是有志气的。县里调我我不去,不是干不了,也不是因为待遇,我 舍不得这么多好群众。在我有生之年,一定要给他们闯出一条路来,让贫穷、愚昧 的状况一去不复返,让那些为革命献出血和汗的群众不再寒心。现在大队二十六<br />
<br />
户烈属,每年补他们每户2000元。现在平里院再不是让人瞧不起的时候了。”<br />
<br />
第五章属于自己的日子<br />
<br />
1984年初夏,中南海紫光阁毗邻的ー间办公室里,我和人民文学杂志社的周 明同志、王南宁同志,以及女作家张洁,坐在一位长者的对面,听他谈农村体制改革 的有关问题。他讲话的时候,用手拨动着写字台上的一个玲珑的地球仪:<br />
<br />
“如果说中国的农业改革出现了奇迹,它的秘密在什么地方?我认为在’家 庭’两个字。这是逼出来的。现在我们千万不能把家庭经营的基础搞掉。从农业 上来说,在发达国家,大量存在的是家庭农场。加拿大家庭农场占百分之九十以 上,在美国,取得效益最大的也是家庭农场。社会的发展,还受家庭发展的制约。 中国的基本国情是家庭这个细胞根深蒂固。几个家庭结合在ー起,就不如一个家 庭发展快 <br />
<br />
“中国农村的自然半自然、自给半自给的传统经营方式,将要被摧毁。ー个巨 大的、繁荣的中国农村市场将要在世界上出现!<br />
<br />
“太平洋经济时代将要到来!世界的经济重心将从欧洲移到亚洲。在中国将 要出现一条黄金海岸……”<br />
<br />
他又转动了一下地球仪,世界在迅速地旋转着。<br />
<br />
我踏着旋转的地球,从紫光阁下走进了胶东的一座座农屋……<br />
<br />
兄弟们<br />
<br />
——关于性文化<br />
<br />
国外一位学者说过,只有当一个男人和一个女人结合在ー起的时候オ是ー个 完整的人,这也许就是某些长期过独身生活的人为什么在个性上存有某种怪癖的 原因。<br />
<br />
我见到已经40岁的满玉贵时,他刚从滑石坑里爬上来。这个滑石专业户身上 沾着白色的滑石粉,坐在那里,没有笑容,没有表情,没有言语,只是闷头抽着 烟一他已被生活的雕刀雕刻成一个早衰的“滑石人”！<br />
<br />
满家是有名的“光棍堂”,兄弟三个,加一个老父亲。三间草屋住着四个光棍, 没有空间容纳异性。<br />
<br />
大队干部像在为ー块化石做讲解:“……咱村守着滑石山,过去不让开,后来王 济夫书记在喇叭里号召大伙儿勤劳致富,弟兄三个去年干了一年,成了万元户……<br />
<br />
是不是玉贵?”<br />
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满玉贵抬起头来,不正眼看人,“嗯”了一声,又闷下头去。<br />
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“去年盖了四间新瓦房,老六说上了媳妇。先弟弟,后哥哥……是不是玉贵?”<br />
<br />
这话半带戏谑,满玉贵脖子转了转,没有吱声。<br />
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满玉贵也曾有过美好的青春年华,身上充满了生命的汁水。可是,当他进入 “青春发育期”的同时,也进入了“饥寒交迫期”。那一年,老五得了“老虎卡”死在 医院里,交不上住院费,医院不让往回拉尸首,一家人四处求借,又把一 口半大猪卖 掉,オ把小尸首拉回来。没几天老三得了同样的病,医院干脆拒之门外,活活死在 家里了。<br />
<br />
从那,900元的债务一直压得四条汉子直不起腰来。<br />
<br />
一位心理学家说,青年期的本能发动是青年人格再造的契机。面前端坐不动 的满玉贵,不正是由于两种饥饿、两种压抑造成的性格的变形吗?<br />
<br />
“你们都帮帮他的忙啊!”我对众人说。<br />
<br />
有人插话:“前天邻村一个治保主任坐拖拉机摔死了,撇下媳妇和两个孩子。”<br />
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我说:“抓紧给办!”<br />
<br />
ー个笑容在满玉贵脸上闪过,充满羞涩,也充满向往,像乌云遮蔽的天空忽然 显出的一道霞光,把ー个秘密也透露出来一前些年由于物质生活的匮乏,这个老 光棍已经断了娶亲的念头,现在的致富之路又唤起了他的阳刚萌动,“死灰复燃”。 不久前,县里开专业户代表大会,满玉贵特意去做了一身料子服,他要像个人样地 走在女同胞面前！<br />
<br />
今天的性文化尚受着经济的制约。当我们清算“左”的路线对中国农村造成 的挫伤时,很少把性——这ー具有人类意义的事情考虑在内！<br />
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“你要去坑里看看吗?就早一些……”满玉贵面孔对着我,眼睛却不看我。<br />
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我随他下到了深深的滑石坑里,那里面又潮湿又黑暗,有些地方要趴下身子オ 能过得去。<br />
<br />
他每天就下到这里面,跪在地上,用镐头ー下下刨掘着,然后用辘伊绞上去。 那是对自己命运的刨掘,对失去年华的刨掘,他要从那里面寻找出失落的希望吗?<br />
<br />
回到满玉贵家来,76岁的老父亲气喘吁吁地对我说:“早年给玉贵提亲的也 有,一打听,弟兄多,不干;这几年有提的,问有房吗? 一听还没盖,又不干。哥哥没 有,弟弟也不找,两个都误下了……这眼下钱不愁了,俺打算再盖他八间房,给老大 和老二娶上媳妇,俺也就没心事啦。”<br />
<br />
对面是老六的新房。<br />
那是沙漠里的一片绿洲,那是一座不会幻灭的“海市蜃楼”！<br />
<br />
新房是ー个诱人的红火的世界。顶棚上裱着粉红色的花纸,坑上放着火红花 被。屋子里到处都是“花”:花瓶里插着的,镜子上挂着的,塑料花盆里“开”着的, 还有缝纫机上蒙着的……玻璃板下压着小夫妻到大连旅游结婚留下的合影。有一 幅是在圆明园“创造世界”的石碑下照的。新房充满了温馨的气息。<br />
<br />
新媳妇从山上回来了,她粗壮,健康,圆圆的脸盘,双眼皮,长得很喜相,而且, 她的腹部已经微微隆起……<br />
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她走进了这个家庭,不但实现了一个“人”的个性的和谐与完美,也给这个濒 于破灭的家庭带来了生气和活力。<br />
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新媳妇在炕前叠着从院里收回的一堆衣服,不时用目光瞟一下陌生的客人。<br />
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而满玉贵站在门外,一直没有踏进这个“世界”,也从不看他的弟媳一眼,只顾 闷头抽着烟。阳光下,他的脸有几分涨红。<br />
<br />
他站在幸福的门外,<br />
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丢掉了钥匙。<br />
<br />
他在等待着,<br />
<br />
寻找钥匙的人归来……<br />
<br />
姊妹们<br />
<br />
——关于女性的尊严<br />
<br />
这是在著名的“金城天府”招远县城里,ー个“姊妹理发店”的招牌,受委屈似 的挂在凹进去的街面上。<br />
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这招牌引起我的好奇心:“这是农村来的个体户吧?”<br />
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陪同我的同志神秘地朝我摆摆手:“别提它了!”<br />
<br />
“怎么回事?”<br />
<br />
“不正经……卖淫。”<br />
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“这不会!”我不知为什么一下子就站在她们的立场上,“光天化日之下,怎么 可能呢?再说有街道,有公安。”<br />
<br />
“街上都这么说。”<br />
<br />
“你见过吗?”<br />
<br />
“没有。”<br />
<br />
“我们下午去理理发吧!”<br />
<br />
“不 我不去〇”<br />
<br />
下午,我们还是ー起去了。但陪同我的同志跨进姊妹理发店时的神色是紧张 的,还下意识地回身看了一下是否有熟人瞧见。<br />
<br />
屋里的理发设施ー应俱全。墙上挂着《大众电影》《大众电视》《人民文学》和 ー些小人书。长案上放着ー些摇铃、汽车、吹塑动物等儿童玩具,长案下面还放着 ー些雨伞。经营者的慧心可鉴。<br />
<br />
三姊妹身穿白色的工作服,正忙于刀剪声中。她们的年龄在16至25岁之间。 都生得白皙、苗条。老大温柔、沉静,烫着“波浪式老二留着“波卷式”,看得出性 格比较活泼、伶俐;老三是“青年式”,嘴角上含着一股刚强之气。她们的目光一直 低垂着,里面藏着沉重的东西。<br />
<br />
大姐理完了一个,淡淡地望了我ー下,那就是她的语言了。我过去坐定后,主 动和她搭讪:<br />
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“你们是从哪里来的?”<br />
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“陈家沙埠。”她很矜持。<br />
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“家里几口人?”<br />
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“七 口。”<br />
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“分了多少责任田?”<br />
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“三亩。”<br />
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“种地怎么办?”<br />
<br />
“农忙了回去。”<br />
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“吃饭呢?”<br />
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“原来从家里带,现在买着吃。”<br />
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“住在哪里呢?”<br />
<br />
她乜了一眼镜子里的我,冷冷地:“城里。”便垂下眼皮,不愿再回答我的问话。<br />
<br />
姑娘,你不要误解了文学,生活走到哪里,文学就跟到哪里。它愿做每ー个生 命的守护神,为她艰难的跋涉喊一声号子,为她暗夜的寻觅送ー支烛光。姑娘,愿 意向我打开你的心扉吗?<br />
<br />
姑娘的名字叫郝朝霞,两个妹妹叫郝彩霞和郝丽霞。这是霞光一样美丽的名 字,却落在ー个贫穷的村庄里。干部走马灯似的换了一茬又一茬,到如今村里一个 ェ副业项目也没有。队里规定:凡是劳动カ都得向大队交费用。男劳カ每年交二 百,女劳力每年交一百（这和那些商品生产发展比较好的大队,给予农田补贴形成 <br />
了鲜明的对比）。她们家欠着队里600多元的账,郝朝霞初中毕业后,只得辍学回 村,跟着当理发员的父亲学起了理发……<br />
<br />
“姊妹理发店”的牌子在招远县城挂起来了!那店牌牌上的字是干了一辈子 理发营生的老父亲亲手写的。<br />
<br />
农村姑娘进城办第三产业,这本身就是一种挑战,向国营企业的“铁饭碗”挑 战,向传统的习俗挑战!这种挑战必然要遇到传统势カ的反击。<br />
<br />
她们按照美的原则去修剪着生活,而生活却把丑恶推到她们面前一<br />
<br />
一群喝醉了酒的青工晚上闯进来,视这些农民的女儿如手心玩物,口出秽言; ー个心怀叵测的人把ー张纸条塞给姑娘,约她幽会;捕风捉影的谣言随之而起……<br />
<br />
在中国,有什么比这种道德的飞短流长更能置人于死地?有人要把无形的裹 布重新缠到她们脚上。<br />
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这个小小的理发店,离县政府并不远。但愿妇联、共青团的目光早日注意到 她们!<br />
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临别时我对她们说:“你们可以把土地转让出去,专ー在城里从事这项工作,还 可以在城里买地皮、盖楼房,理直气壮地生活!”她们不时地发问:“这行吗? 行吗?”<br />
<br />
行的!扬起头来吧,姐妹们!你们已经作为先进生产力的代表,走上了历史的 舞台！用你们手中的剪刀,去剪断传统束缚在你们身上的绳索。这是新的妇女运 动史！在韧性的抗争中,取得你们的自尊、自强、自重、自爱！<br />
<br />
女性的尊严,在你们自身的创造之中！<br />
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夫妻们<br />
<br />
关于夫妻关系<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系ー:蘑菇,开门吧!）<br />
<br />
他,姜希增,腰里掖上一头“猪”,千里迢迢去山西原平农学院找一位李教授。 他在《中国青年》上看到李教授关于食用猴头菌可以抑制癌症的文章,专程去拜 师一他的父亲和祖母都是因为癌症过世的。<br />
<br />
他从山西买回了菌种,他回家来搞的试验却失败了。<br />
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妻子史春芝犯了胃溃疡,在炕上ー边哼哼一边抱怨:“家里穷得连饭都吃不上, 你把ー头猪胡摆治了……”<br />
<br />
姜希增ー肚子火气正没处出,吼了一声:“老娘儿们家就会穷叨叨！”<br />
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这使史春芝大为伤心,她本来就满肚子委屈。当初和他结婚,那是冲他在外面<br />
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“吃国库粮”,指望跟他“跳农门”,上大城市。!961年工厂下马,他捧着个“光荣 证”回了乡。混不上吃,混不上穿,每年靠一位吃薪金的叔叔捎包旧衣裳、补贴20 块钱接济。两口子每有齟齬,史春芝总少不了一句传统骂语:“当初俺上了你 的当!，，<br />
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每听到这里,姜希增都不再吱声,好像这桩婚姻完全是由于他的骗局造成的。<br />
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他想再去ー趟山西,却筹集不起路费。<br />
<br />
后来听说莱阳农学院也有微生物课程,便瞒着老婆骑上自行车去了,在学校大 门口见人就拦:“哪个老师教微生物?管种蘑菇?”<br />
<br />
史春芝一天没有见到丈夫,心中好生纳闷,待傍晚看到他又傻呵呵带着ー些菌 种回来时,ー赌气关上了房门。<br />
<br />
“他妈,开门吧!”<br />
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没有吱声,和旧生活告别的夜晚是凄冷的。<br />
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“蘑菇,开门吧!”<br />
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蘑菇向他把门敞开了!他在室内试种了 20平方米的蘑菇,获得了可喜的 收成!<br />
<br />
姜希增又拿出半亩责任田来种植他的理想。1983年收入9000斤蘑菇,纯收入 5000多元;菌种收入3000多元。还有个收益是老婆的变化,她的胃溃疡竟然吃蘑 菇吃好了,脾气也变好了。<br />
<br />
现在姜希增是胶东有名的“蘑菇状元”。他不仅在本村带起了十几个专业户, 还搞“技术输出”,应邀到各地做技术指导,光缴学费的学生就有60多人。<br />
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“他出去跑,家里这ー摊子就揭给我!”史春芝爽快地对我说。<br />
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“你会吗?”<br />
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“看也看会了！过去我不是反对他,是对经济不放心。孩子还上学,拉下饥荒 怎么办?现在他花3000多块钱买设备,我都不说他……”<br />
<br />
姜希增自得地坐在“生当作人杰,死亦为鬼雄”的诗联下,他不但敲开了致富 之门,也在“拜师”的热潮中得到了一种精神的满足,ー种人格和道德的完善。现 在他反过来挑剔着妻子:“老娘儿们家眼光就是短浅,光认钱。有几个钱,又烧得 慌,要给孩子做’将军服’,你怎么不做个’元帅服’、做个蟒袍玉带?老百姓要穿老 百姓服!”<br />
<br />
史春芝像个少女似的,嗔怪地瞧他一眼:“就你能!”把一杯浓茶摆到他面 前 <br />
<br />
商品生产调节了这个家庭的夫妻关系,虽然它不免带一点“夫贵妻荣”的封建 <br />
色彩,但毕竟是靠自己的劳动换来的和谐和荣耀!<br />
<br />
（夫妻关系二:空中丝绸之路）<br />
<br />
我在牟平龙泉乡访问了一对年轻夫妇,他们乘坐飞机到西藏销售服装,开辟空 中“丝绸之路”,充满了传奇色彩。这不仅意味着他们的时间观念和生活方式的改 变,其中还包含着ー种象征:新一代农民在起飞。<br />
<br />
小媳妇叫于政芳,今年23岁,她已经不甘于母亲那样的生活一把一双脚用 布裹起来,一生厮守着锅台和鸡窝。首先在“终身大事”上,她就挨弃了 “媒妁之 言,父母之命”的旧传统。<br />
<br />
从我记事起,村里就有一些不断翻新的有关婚俗的儿歌:“小嫂小嫂快快长,长 大了跟村长,穿皮鞋嘎嘎响……”“ー个兜的靠边站,两个兜的看ー看,三个兜的叫 爹也干!”发展到近来已是:“收音机带相片儿（电视）,缝纫机带锁边儿,自行车带 冒烟儿,手表带跑星期天儿。”这些儿歌虽不能登大雅之堂,却在某种程度上反映了 经济变化对人们婚姻观的影响。<br />
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而今,姑娘们在寻找发展商品生产中涌现出来的能人。于政芳就是几年前到 威海给包工的农民做饭时,认识了“エ头”吕宝帅,主动求爱的。<br />
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我第一次去吕宝帅家访问,夫妇双双去温州做生意去了,只有外公带着小燕妮<br />
<br />
（看来他们还是崇拜马克思的）在家看门。<br />
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我第二次访问见到了于政芳。她上着粉红色的确良夏衫,下着乳白色的百褶 裙,坐在折叠椅上。而炕头上横着ー个ー米多长的老式大枕头。<br />
<br />
挺秀气、时髦的ー个姑娘,ー张ロ却不时显露出粗野一她保留着祖辈传下来 的ー些语汇:“驴XX进的”“妈拉个腿儿”……而ー提及夫妻关系,她总是说成“老 婆汉子” 〇<br />
<br />
她讲起坐飞机的感受:“真舒服呀！开始上升的时候难受ー阵儿,飞平了什么 也觉不出来。云彩绒嘟嘟的,伸手就能抓住,就和画上的嫦娥奔月ー样……”乘了 几个来回的飞机,她体验了“嫦娥奔月”和“仙女下凡”的滋味。上百元一张的飞机 票,节省了 !4天的时间,这是他们的父辈所不具有的时间价值观。<br />
<br />
“死了也闭眼了,不光坐了飞机,还坐了大轮船!”她说着,拿出一本大相册,那 上面有他们在各地的留影:有的在布达拉宫,有的在西湖苏堤,有的在上海南京路, 有的在天柱峰……那全是用自己的照相机照的,他们过着旅游式的生活。从这些 相片上可以看出ー个农村姑娘的演变,由“炊帚把”到烫着披肩发;由粗布衣到时 髦裙装……她自豪地说:“就差香港和台湾没去了！”我看到茶盘里堆着些废车票, 那是没有人给他们报销的<br />
<br />
“现在还去西藏吗?”<br />
<br />
“不去了,最后一趟让人坑了一下子。”她不愿讲被“坑”的详情,也不讲丈夫出 差去了哪里,忽然对着外屋喊了声:“凯乐!”（那是印度故事影片《奴里》中一条狗 的名字）接着一条大黄狗欢跳着跑进来。这个农民的女儿剥开ー块价值两盒火柴 的金纸奶糖,向空中一丢,大黄狗熟练地ー下咬到嘴里,甜甜地嚼起来。她接着又 剥开了第二块 <br />
<br />
（夫妻关系三:青烟升处有人家）<br />
<br />
1983年冬月,邢春香去江苏金湖县农机厂看望当临时エ的儿子,这是她第一 次出远门。<br />
<br />
她在那里看到橡胶车间全是女工,活儿不累,也挺赚钱,设备只是ー个压カ板 和一个小烘炉。<br />
<br />
邢春香带了几个橡胶制品回来,和老头子肖振竹商量:“咱办个家庭エ厂吧。” 老头子摇摇头说:“上哪弄资金?”邢春香说:“现在兴贷款,挣了再还!”老头子又愁 销路,邢春香说:“孩子有个干爹跑供销,能帮忙。再说一回生,两回熟,三回成了老 主顾。”老头子还愁没技术,邢春香说:“咱儿子就能当老师!”<br />
<br />
经过一番筹措、铺排,第一批货出厂不久,嘎嚇嚇的票子就汇过来了,这一下小 山村轰动了!村里大闺女、小媳妇、壮小伙子都争着来当“工人”。现在这位老嫂 子自命为“经理”,讲话满口新名词儿:<br />
<br />
“眼时咱体制小,用不了这么多人,资金也流动不开。<br />
<br />
“这一次生产的都是汽车、火车上用的橡胶制品,销北京汽车装配公司,天津宏 光五金厂、吉林铁路上、银川刚拉上关系……跑外都是我,采胶得上远地,沈阳、天 津……老头子从来没出过门,打怯……<br />
<br />
“说起来我进这家20来年了,连个悖悖也吃不上,光吃地瓜。一年分三四十斤 小麦,不够来客的,有一 口半口好吃的,也都先尽他爷们儿……”<br />
<br />
丈夫肖振竹一那个被控诉对象,在忙着做午饭,一直没有搭言。这个种庄稼 能手,现在矮了半截。他作为家庭重心的时代已经结束了。<br />
<br />
瞧这ー家子<br />
<br />
关于家庭内部关系<br />
<br />
今天,以血缘关系和传统伦理道德维系着的农村家庭,正接受着新文明浪潮的 冲击,正悄悄地产生着一些微妙的变化。<br />
<br />
这ー家子是掖县徐家公社原家大队人。全家13 口人,成员构成是4个儿子、3 个儿媳、1个女儿、2个孙子、1个孙女,加上老两ロ。按常规,这个大家庭将面临分 家的边缘,家长们也只能靠伦理观念和封建的家长权威来调节儿女妣姓之间的 矛盾。<br />
<br />
1983年初,54岁的原成芳老汉为了给家中的劳カ找出路,办了个家庭塑料厂。<br />
<br />
老汉和老伴商量:“队上办厂子为什么跨了?就是没有章程,整天打打吵吵,最 后只剩下个空房子。”老伴说:“都是自己家里的人,定不定规矩不要紧。”老汉说: “那不行,丑话头里说。现在不定,以后出了问题再定就晚了。”<br />
<br />
晚上,老汉召集家庭会议:<br />
<br />
“中央叫咱致富,咱得给政府壮壮脸,咱这个工厂要办就办好!现在竞争这么 厉害,没有个章法不行,第一条咱得有个厂长!”<br />
<br />
当然,没有人敢和老汉竞选,儿女们只觉得新鲜有趣,忍俊不禁举手通过了“爹 厂长”。<br />
<br />
老汉说:“好,我是厂长了,就按エ厂的条条办。麻雀虽小,五脏俱全,下面我来 给你们分分工……”<br />
<br />
这位“厂长爹”的分エ是颇有心计的:大儿子兼会计;闺女兼考勤员;老四负责 生产调度和质量检查、现金保管一他没成家,没有私心;老汉兼管技术和供销;老 伴管“后勤”。8个劳カ,分四班倒,6小时ー班,每班有定额。媳妇、姑娘エ资制, 每月25元,这是搽胭脂、抹粉钱,年底再分红。坚持考勤制度,迟到1分钟扣半天 エ资,超过5分钟扣1天工资……<br />
<br />
章程订出来了,全“厂”通过,大红纸ー写,贴在迎门墙上。<br />
<br />
大媳妇娘家是珍珠乡大辛台人,来去30里。一次回娘家,她晚回来10分钟罚 去了 1天工资。大媳妇第二次回娘家,撇下已经下到锅里的饺子,一身大汗地蹬着 车子赶回来。<br />
<br />
我去这个家庭エ厂访问时,他们已被评为“五好家庭”,女儿原素玮被评为“好 小姑”。<br />
<br />
我问这位“好小姑”：“你和你嫂子那么好,替她多干ー会儿不行吗?干吗要 罚呢?”<br />
<br />
“好玄！这个嫂子误一会儿,那个嫂子误一会儿,还不把我累死!”</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20221231_LangCult_7&diff=15422220221231 LangCult 72022-12-31T14:37:05Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* Answer */</p>
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==202270081661 夏盼 Xia Pan 英语笔译(English translation)==<br />
=='''The Contemporary Influence of Three Kingdoms Culture'''==<br />
<center>夏盼 Xia Pan，202270081661</center><br />
==='''Abstract'''===<br />
This chapter mainly discusses the the modern and contemporary influence of three kingdoms culture. The author try to help readers to realize the importance of three kingdoms culture by citing its influence in fields of society, economy and literature and education. On the basis of summarizing the predecessors, the author of this article puts forward his own new insights and views on the future development of the Three Kingdoms culture.<br />
<br />
==='''Key Words'''===<br />
Three Kingdoms Culture, Economic Influence, Literature<br />
<br />
==='''Introduction'''===<br />
Records of the Three Kingdoms is one of the four major historical books, and the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the most popular ancient masterpiece, and the decisive role behind these two books is the Three Kingdoms culture, which has a great impact on our society's economy, education, culture and other aspects. It has far-reaching significance, but there are few articles discussing its impact on today's society in detail. The author will talk about the social influence, economic influence and educational influence of the Three Kingdoms culture, and give some suggestions on the future development of the Three Kingdoms culture.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
As we all know, the Three Kingdoms is one of the four famous masterpieces that are widely known in our country. It has had a significant and far-reaching impact on both our folk and the government. For example, Huang Taiji, the ruler of the early Qing Dynasty, was familiar with the Romance of Three Kingdoms and used it to win wars and achieved major achievements. The problem is that today, few of us discuss the culture of the Three Kingdoms . This is a major neglect and a huge waste of our precious wealth.<br />
Some people think that culture is illusory and useless, but the fact is just the opposite. The influence of culture is profound. Today, the influence of the cultural connotations of the Three Kingdoms has expanded from politics, military affairs, and diplomacy to management, business, and other fields, and has spread from China to the world. Then the question comes to the next step, how should we discover the influence of the Three Kingdoms culture, and how to better inherit and develop the Three Kingdoms culture. In order to explore these issues, the author will start from three aspects to analyze them one by one, trying to present the modern and contemporary significance of the Three Kingdoms Culture to readers.<br />
<br />
'''The Social Significance'''<br />
<br />
Today, the social influence of the Three Kingdoms culture can be seen everywhere. From a social perspective, the influence of the culture of the Three Kingdoms can be said to be ubiquitous. For example, in the Emperor Han, Liu Bei get the young king entrusted in Baidi city. And for another example, Guan luo said：“ Loyalty ,Benevolence ,Filialness and Justice is the foundation of human beings. ” [1] Later, the Chinese nation, under its influence, praised the loyalty culture. Cao Cao ,who was a king in in the Three Kingdoms, used people based on talent rather than family background and wealth. [2] In addition, Cao Cao paid attention to the expertise of all kinds of talents. He inspected and appointed talents in various ways. [3]. Cao Cao's behavior has greatly promoted the formation of the current civil service selection system in China and even in the world.<br />
Westerners say that there are a thousand Hamlets in the eyes of a thousand people, this sentence is exactly the same in the Three Kingdoms culture, people with different occupations and status in society can often learn from it differently, thus promoting the development and transformation of this society. Great politicians, such as Comrade Mao Zedong, learned from Cao Cao's emphasis on the army and logistics supplies in unifying the north, and put forward these ideas that “Power grows out of the barrel of a gun”, and “We must pay attention to the construction of production bases”. From the perspective of the middle and lower classes of society, the culture of the Three Kingdoms also has a profound influence on them. Contemporary industry gatherings such as the Small Knife Club in Shanghai, the Triad Club in Hong Kong, and many overseas Chinese gatherings in the Philippines, etc., they all highly respect Guan Yu(a main character in the Three Kingdoms culture). When encountering major events, they usually burn incense and pray for the blessing of Guan Yu.<br />
<br />
'''The Economic Significance'''<br />
<br />
In contemporary times, the economic influence of the culture of the Three Kingdoms is tremendous. Economic benefits are easier to quantify than social benefits. How common is the economic power of the Three Kingdoms culture in our country? For example, Yi Zhongtian’s speech about the Tree Kingdoms and some historical novels about the Three Kingdoms, but in fact the economic benefits of the Three Kingdoms culture are far more than in this way. For example, Japan’s Koei Company once developed Romance of the Three Kingdoms into a game. Only the 14th game of Romance of the Three Kingdoms has brought it hundreds of millions of yen in revenue. In addition, there are many peripheral products of the Three Kingdoms culture, such as pillows, handmade clothing, etc. Behind the Three Kingdoms culture is a huge gold mine like Himalayan, and the economic benefits are extremely huge. In addition, the tourism industry, in such as Wuhou Temple in Sichuan, Guandi Temple and Tongque Terrace in Hebei, is extremely developed due to the influence of the Three Kingdoms. Tourism of the three kingdoms promotes social prosperity and economic development. [4]<br />
<br />
'''The Educational Significance'''<br />
<br />
Today, the educational significance of the Three Kingdoms culture is very rich. Obviously, the Three Kingdoms is a feast of military affairs, but it is also a big stage for the confrontation of wits and wits. It is the most competitive era in the ages, where many romantic figures emerge and many writers perform the eternal swan song here. Just from the point of view of literature, there are Three Cao literature represented by Cao Cao, Cao Zhi and Cao Pi, which are vigorous and powerful, concerned about people's livelihood, and care about the national future. There are also generous elegiac songs written by the Seven Poets of Jian'an period, which are broad-minded and open, and do not seek fame and wealth. For example, Xu Gan's the Mean Reasoning is regarded as an immortal work. [5]. Scholars can not only absorb literary nutrition from the culture of the Three Kingdoms, but also appreciate a philosophy of life. For example, what Liu Bei said: Don’t do evil things as it is small, and don’t neglect good things as it is small. Zhu geliang said “To be close to virtuous courtiers and alien to knavish ones was what made the dynasty strong and prosperous”.<br />
Historical Background:<br />
<br />
==='''Conclusion'''===<br />
The culture of the Three Kingdoms has a long history,is extensive and profound, and has a profound effect on various fields of our society. We should inherit and carry forward the culture of the Three Kingdoms and innovate the carrier of the Three Kingdoms culture, so as to better innovate Chinese culture and enrich world culture.<br />
<br />
==='''References'''===<br />
[1]（晋）陈寿，三国志【M】北京中华书局，（1982，812）.<br />
<br />
[2] Liu, W. H. . (2004，108). On the conception loyalty in the history of three kingdoms. Journal of Sichuan Teachers College (Social Science).<br />
<br />
[3] Wei, H. . (2012，45). Inspiration that cao cao humanism management thoughts to modern enterprise. Journal of the Party School of C.P.C Guilin Municipal Committee.<br />
<br />
[4] Wei, H. . (2012，45). Inspiration that cao cao humanism management thoughts to modern enterprise. Journal of the Party School of C.P.C Guilin Municipal Committee.<br />
<br />
[5]古川末喜. (1990,17). 建安三国文学思想的新探讨. 中国文学研究(2), 8.<br />
<br />
[6] Chun-Jiao, L. I. . (2016，40). The records of the three kingdoms:the source of all cultures after three kingdoms age. Journal of China West Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences).<br />
<br />
==='''Terms and Expressions '''===<br />
<br />
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms三国演义<br />
<br />
Zhu geliang诸葛亮<br />
<br />
Caocao曹操<br />
<br />
Liubei刘备<br />
<br />
Guan Yu关羽<br />
<br />
Three Cao literature三曹文学<br />
<br />
Seven Poets of Jian'an period建安七子<br />
<br />
To be close to virtuous courtiers and alien to knavish ones was what made the dynasty strong and prosperous亲贤臣远小人此（先汉）之所以兴隆<br />
<br />
Don’t do evil things as it is small, and don’t neglect good things as it is small.勿以而小而为之，勿以善小而不为<br />
<br />
==='''Questions'''===<br />
<br />
1.Who came up with “To be close to virtuous courtiers and alien to knavish ones was what made the dynasty strong and prosperous”? <br />
A Cao Cao <br />
<br />
B Liu Bei<br />
<br />
C Liu Biao<br />
<br />
D Zhuge Liang <br />
<br />
2.Don’t do evil things as it is small, and don’t neglect good things as it is small. Was this sentence proposed by Liu Bei? <br />
<br />
A.True <br />
<br />
B. False<br />
<br />
3.(多选)Who can represent Three Cao Literature of the Three Kingdoms Period? <br />
<br />
A Cao Cao <br />
<br />
B Cao Pi <br />
<br />
C Cao Zhi <br />
<br />
D Cao Zhang<br />
<br />
4.The Emperor Han, Liu Bei get the young king entrusted in Baidi city, False or True?<br />
<br />
A. True<br />
<br />
B. False<br />
<br />
==='''Answers'''===<br />
1.D<br />
<br />
2.A<br />
<br />
3.A,B,C<br />
<br />
4.A<br />
<br />
=202270081699 夏依颐 Xia Yiyi 英语口译(English interpretation)=<br />
=='''The Changes in Women's Clothing in China Since 1840'''==<br />
<center>夏依颐 Xia Yiyi，202270081699</center><br />
<br />
==='''Abstract'''===<br />
This chapter mainly discusses the changes in women’s clothing in China since 1840. In each part, the reasons behind every change and its significance are elucidated. It draws a conclusion that what women wear in different stages in Chinese history is closely related to the economic, political and social realities at that time. Through the changes in women’s clothing, the story of China’s rising as a great country is unfolding.<br />
<br />
==='''Key Words'''===<br />
Changes, women’s clothing, 1840<br />
<br />
==='''Introduction'''===<br />
One’s dress style cannot form without the impact of social environments. To discuss the changes in women’s clothing in China since 1840, this chapter will be divided into four parts, namely the first stage (1840-1911), the second stage (1911-1949), the third stage (1949-1978) and the fourth stage (1978-now).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''The first stage (1840-1911)'''<br />
<br />
Historical Background:<br />
<br />
Since 1840, China has been invaded by imperialists and was forced to sign unequal treaties. The economy, military forces, and culture were manipulated. Although the foundations of the self-sufficient natural economy were destroyed, the system of feudal exploitation still remained intact and combined with the exploitation of comprador and usurer capital. Chinese women won emancipation after hardships.(Mangan J A,2001) The first step was the anti-footbinding movement for which Chinese women paid a very heavy price. (Chen, 2014) However, they gradually contributed their unique power to historical development. Equality between men and women began to emerge. (Chen Si, 2008, 380)<br />
<br />
Women’s Clothing:<br />
<br />
In 1859, many Chinese girls began to wear European-styled shoes and Manchester headscarves. Shanghai was the most influenced city at that time. People who had contact with western traders began to westernize their clothing. Many people began to make purses on their clothes to carry belongings, and many fashionable women began to imitate foreign dress styles. As the first city to open its ports, Shanghai became a metropolis where Chinese and foreigners met and the birthplace of Huayang clothing (Chinese and foreign clothing) in China.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''The second stage (1911-1949)'''<br />
<br />
Historical Background:<br />
<br />
The Revolution of 1911 succeeded, and revolutionaries began to cut off their braids. Long pigtails, a symbol of backwardness, were finally eradicated. And the feudal robes as well as the Manchu-style shoes, hats and clothing were discarded. In addition, Yuan Shikai seized the fruits of the victory of the Revolution to restore the imperial system, so the clothing style revealing restoration became increasingly prevalent. Therefore, new clothes with political implications would be in line with China’s national conditions and characteristics. Chinese tunic suits emerged. (Chen Si, 2008, 380)<br />
<br />
Women’s Clothing:<br />
<br />
Women’s clothing in this period changed a lot. They wore wavy hairstyles and thick underwear to create a sexy image. Most schoolgirls wore semi-sleeve shirts and black silk skirts, and blue-cloth long gown was the leading dress style among them. Daily clothes for grown-up women were still cheongsam. Shanghai became the base of Chinese women’s fashion. As European fashions influenced women in terms of short skirts, underwear and colors, more and more people followed them. Sports lovers started to fancy red pleated skirts with silver trim, and brassieres rather than traditional bellybands.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''The third stage (1949-1978)'''<br />
<br />
Historical Background:<br />
<br />
The restoration of the national economy and democratic reforms were basically completed in 1952. In spite of the headwind, the achievements in building socialism are, on the whole, glorious. From 1949 to 1978, an independent industrial and national economic system was established at a speed unmatched by the developed countries. In the 1950s, China witnessed a great advance in productivity and people’s livelihood. Women were increasingly involved in labor and political activities. Their social status improved significantly. While the single color of clothing can indicate that women were no longer in the subordinate position of pleasing men. (Qin Jie, 2012, 184)<br />
<br />
Women’s Clothing:<br />
<br />
At the beginning of the founding of New China, there was still a shortage of various materials. People had to buy food and fabric with tickets. Beautiful and comfortable clothes were a luxury at that time. Therefore, women’s clothes were monotonous and dull. China advocated manufacturing novel, labor- and material-saving clothes in line with the principles of economy and practicality. From the mid-1960s to the late 1970s, the Cultural Revolution impaired the newly gained confidence of Chinese people in the new dressing culture, and people were unified in the same dress pattern.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''The fourth stage (1978-now)'''<br />
<br />
Historical Background:<br />
<br />
In the late 1980s, with reform and opening up forging ahead, people were once again liberated and society was more inclusive. China’s national culture showed a high degree of “inclusiveness”, indicating a big step towards internationalization.(Amelung Iwo, Haipeng Zhang / Zhai Jinyi, 2021) Updated ideas, prosperous culture and economy offered favorable conditions for clothing diversity. Women in the 21st century play a pivotal role in politics, the economy and other aspects. They have great achievements in areas that men could never have imagined. Women have their own unique views on fashion. Their social status has reached an unprecedented level in human history. (Qin Jie, 2013, 76)<br />
<br />
Women’s Clothing:<br />
<br />
Instead of suits, we choose sportswear; instead of flared trousers, we favor jeans; instead of high heels, we prefer sports shoe brands like Nike and Adidas. In the new era, women are fortunate enough to be able to wear novel and colorful clothes, showing their personalities to the fullest. Women’s standards of beauty are beginning to change. Fashion is gradually transforming and presenting itself everywhere. Chinese women can get to know Parisian fashion news simultaneously. Instead of copying them blindly, they have learned how to borrow the elements.<br />
<br />
==='''Conclusion'''===<br />
<br />
Since 1840, western-styled clothing started to enter the country. After the 20th century, with the spread of new ideas, and the change in the political system and social customs, women’s clothing began to focus on visual beauty showing the elegance of female bodies. With the deepening of democracy, freedom and equality, clothing with western elements was also more widely spread. The change in women’s clothing not only showed us the special course of women’s emancipation, but also China’s modern history.<br />
<br />
==='''References'''===<br />
[1] 程思.从中国服装演变看女性地位[J].安徽文学(下半月),2008(02):380-382.<br />
<br />
[2]秦杰.女性地位较低时期的女装艺术风格表现[J].现代装饰(理论),2012(11):184-185.<br />
<br />
[3] 秦杰.浅谈影响女性服装艺术风格的社会因素[J].美术教育研究,2013(03):76-77.<br />
<br />
[4] Amelung Iwo. Haipeng Zhang / Zhai Jinyi, A Brief Modern Chinese History. Stuttgart, Ibidem 2021[J]. Historische Zeitschrift,2022,314(3).<br />
<br />
[5] Chen. The contested body: the anti-footbinding movement in modern China[J]. Journal of Modern Chinese History,2014,8(2).<br />
<br />
[6] Mangan J A. Prospects for the new millennium: women, emancipation and the body.[J]. The International journal of the history of sport,2001,18(1).<br />
<br />
==='''Terms and Expressions '''===<br />
comprador and usurer capital 买办和高利贷资本<br />
<br />
anti-footbinding movement 不缠足运动<br />
<br />
Huayang clothing 华洋服装<br />
<br />
the Revolution of 1911 辛亥革命<br />
<br />
Chinese tunic suit 中山装<br />
<br />
Cheongsam 旗袍<br />
<br />
Brassiere 胸罩<br />
<br />
Bellyband 肚兜<br />
<br />
Semi-sleeve shirts and black silk skirts 中袖短衫与黑色绸裙<br />
<br />
Red pleated skirts with silver trim 红色镶银边的百褶裙<br />
<br />
the Cultural Revolution 文化大革命<br />
<br />
flared trousers 喇叭裤<br />
<br />
==='''Questions'''===<br />
1.In which event did women pay a heavy price for their emancipation during 1840-1911?<br />
<br />
A.The Cultural Revolution<br />
<br />
B.Anti smoking campaign<br />
<br />
C.Anti-footbinding movement<br />
<br />
D.The Revolution of 1911<br />
<br />
2.Which city was the birthplace of Huayang Clothing?<br />
<br />
A.Guangzhou<br />
<br />
B.Beijing<br />
<br />
C.Shanghai<br />
<br />
D.Hong Kong<br />
<br />
3.（多选）What are the main women’s clothing during 1911-1949?<br />
<br />
A.Semi-sleeve shirts and black silk skirts<br />
<br />
B.Blue-cloth long gown and Cheongsam<br />
<br />
C.Flared trousers<br />
<br />
D.Red pleated skirts with silver trim<br />
<br />
4.（多选）What else can we know through the transformation in women’s clothing?<br />
<br />
A.The special course of women’s emancipation<br />
<br />
B.The spread of new ideas<br />
<br />
C.The change in the political system and social customs<br />
<br />
==='''Answers'''===<br />
1.C<br />
<br />
2.C<br />
<br />
3.A,B,D<br />
<br />
4.A,B,C<br />
<br />
=202270081662 夏紫纯 Xia Zichun 英语笔译(English translation) =<br />
=='''The Application of the New Four Inventions,which are imported from the US to China, and its Role in the Global Dissemination of Chinese Culture'''==<br />
<center>夏紫纯Xia Zichun，202270081662</center><br />
<br />
==='''Abstract'''===<br />
This chapter mainly talks about the development of the New Four Inventions boosted by, their significance and powerful dissemination to the rest of the world. It draws a conclusion that China is overcoming its shortcomings, desperately trying to improve its technological level and achieving major breakthroughs in some important areas.<br />
<br />
==='''Key Words'''===<br />
The New Four Inventions, significance, the Global Dissemination of Chinese Culture<br />
<br />
==='''Introduction'''===<br />
The “Four New Inventions” originated from an internet buzzword born in 2017. (Baidubaike, the “Four New Invention”)In 2018, the Silk Road Institute of Beijing Foreign Studies University launched a survey of international students, in which young people from 20 countries along “the Belt and Road” were asked to pick up “four new Chinese inventions” in their heart. These are their answers: High-speed railways, code payment, bicycle sharing and online shopping. In fact, these four were not invented by China, but were simply misrepresented as being more advanced in their promotion and application in China and more influential abroad.(Chen Fang, Yu Xiaojie, Lu Yongjian, 2017(18):63-65)<br />
<br />
'''High-speed railways'''<br />
<br />
On October 1, 1964, Japan’s Tokaido Shinkansen was officially opened to traffic, and it operated at speeds of up to 210 kilometers per hour. Since then, the world’s first truly high-speed railway was invented by Japan, which marked the arrival of a new era of high-speed railway in the world. As a pioneer of high-speed railways in the world, Japan has accumulated a wealth of experience for China and other countries in the world that have developed high-speed railways, and has transferred some of its technology to these countries for a fee. In March 2006, a train left the Japanese port of Kobe for Qingdao, China, and some of the technology was transferred to China, thus opening up the era of high-speed railways in China.<br />
<br />
'''Payment by code'''<br />
<br />
The code payment model is built on the concept of mobile payments. The first payments made by mobile devices appeared in Finland in 1997. Local media in Finland reported that Finnair Telecom launched a service to operate jukeboxes and beverage vending machines by calling a pay phone number to buy Coca-Cola at Helsinki Airport. The QR code (also known as ‘Quick Response Code’) was invented by the Japanese company DW in 1994.<br />
<br />
'''Bicycle sharing'''<br />
<br />
In 1965, the Dutch municipality of Amsterdam introduced the “White Plan”. In 2007, bicycle sharing was also introduced in France, but only later did the Chinese model become popular and innovative and spread overseas.<br />
<br />
'''Online shopping'''<br />
<br />
The concept of online shopping was invented in 1979 by the Englishman Michael Aldrich. Aldrich used a technology called Videotex to connect ordinary television sets to the computers of local retailers via telephone lines. eCommerce then became popular worldwide after Amazon and eBay launched their own websites in 1995.<br />
<br />
'''The Importance of the New Four Inventions'''<br />
<br />
The high-speed train, the fastest train in China today, is one of the preferred means of travel. High-speed trains can also drive the economic development of cities and promote scientific research and innovation. Alipay is a new generation of wireless payment solutions built primarily on an account system. The emergence of Alipay has greatly reduced the circulation of counterfeit money. In addition, bicycle sharing, also known as public bicycle, is a time-sharing model and a new green sharing economy model. Last but not least, online shopping is also, in a way, a great way to protect one’s privacy, making it the most popular way to shop today.(大社会，2017年（10）：70-71）<br />
<br />
'''The Four Great Inventions in the Global Dissemination of Chinese Culture '''<br />
<br />
In fact, the “low-quality” label that was once attached to Chinese manufacturing has been torn off thanks to high-speed railways. China’s tailor-made electric locomotives for Serbia will run on the busiest freight lines in the Balkan region; China has also received a number of orders for subways from Boston and Los Angeles in the USA. China’s high-speed railways have become a popular product for foreign economic and technical cooperation. The “China Speed” of high-speed rail is also a reflection of the speed at which people’s happiness is increasing. (大社会，2017年（10）：70-71）<br />
<br />
Although online shopping is not the first of its kind in China, the convenience and speed of development of online shopping in China has surpassed that of some developed countries. When you go out or go abroad, you can simply take your mobile phone with you and you can get your food, clothing, shelter and transport all in one place via the internet. There are large and dazzling platforms such as Alibaba, JD.COM and Suning E-shop, as well as various smaller platforms. They are part of China’s online shopping systems and online shopping has also contributed to the world online shopping development. (大社会，2017年（10）：70-71）<br />
<br />
As the first country in the world to invent and use paper money, China is leading the global payment system into a new era. Alipay has been introduced in Paris Spring in France, Harrods in the UK, Finnair, Norwegian Cruises, South African sightseeing buses, and even the Arctic Circle. From airport duty-free shops in Europe to drugstores in Japan, Alipay has been used by more than 100,000 offline merchants in 26 countries and regions. WeChat Pay is also present in 130,000 overseas merchants in 13 overseas regions. The Financial Times, comparing data from market researchers in China and the US, found that China’s mobile payments market was nearly 50 times larger than that of the US in 2016. (大社会，2017年（10）：70-71）<br />
<br />
Last but not least, bike-sharing has reached further corners of the world. Chinese bike-sharing bikes are on the streets of hundreds of cities around the world, including the US, Germany, the UK, Italy and Japan. The small yellow bicycle has entered 16 countries around the world since the start of its globalization strategy. Mobike is also operating in 13 overseas cities, including Washington, London, Manchester and Salford. The bike-sharing enterprise is not only an important business card representing the new height of Chinese intellectual manufacturing and showing the level of Chinese innovation, but also an important manifestation of China’s innovation pattern and momentum. (大社会，2017年（10）：70-71）<br />
<br />
<br />
==='''Conclusion'''===<br />
These “New Four Inventions” have not only enabled the world to witness the amazing changes in China as a result of reforms in the field of science and technology, but have also enabled China to return to the center of the world stage in the new round of technological revolution. The “Four New Inventions” have changed China and influenced the world. The Chinese people are endlessly creative and it is foreseeable that China will continue to create more inventions that will amaze the world.（新四大发明改变人们的生活方式，作文独唱团，2019（08）:72）<br />
<br />
==='''References'''===<br />
<br />
[1]陈芳,余晓洁,鹿永建.高铁、网购、支付宝、共享单车成中国“新四大发明”——标注中国 启示世界[J].重庆与世界,2017(18):63-65.<br />
<br />
[2] “新四大发明”改变人们生活方式[J].课堂内外(作文独唱团),2019(08):72.<br />
<br />
[3] “新四大发明”讲述中国奇迹[J].大社会,2017(10):70-71.<br />
<br />
[4]Ziatyna Hanna（汉娜）. 新四大发明在中国国家形象建构中的作用[D].黑龙江大学,2019.DOI:10.27123/d.cnki.ghlju.2019.001003.<br />
<br />
[5]张姝. 新媒体时代下的四大发明[D].大连工业大学,2014.<br />
<br />
[6]中国将引领“新四大发明”走向全球[J].时代金融,2017(28):60-61.<br />
<br />
[7]新四大发明，百度百科，网址：https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%96%B0%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%91%E6%98%8E/1549722 <br />
<br />
[8]Robotics & Machine Learning[J] 2019.<br />
<br />
[9]Sustainable Cities and SocietyVolume [J] 86, 2022.<br />
<br />
==='''Terms and Expressions '''===<br />
<br />
Alibaba阿里巴巴<br />
<br />
JD.COM京东商城<br />
<br />
Suning E-shop苏宁易购<br />
<br />
Japan’s Tokaido Shinkansen 日本东海岛新干线<br />
<br />
Paris Spring in France法国巴黎春天<br />
<br />
Harrods in the UK英国哈罗德百货<br />
<br />
Finnair芬兰航空<br />
<br />
Norwegian Cruises挪威邮轮<br />
<br />
South African sightseeing buses南非观光巴士<br />
<br />
Mobike摩拜单车<br />
<br />
<br />
==='''Questions'''===<br />
<br />
1. What are the "Four New Inventions" of modern China? <br />
<br />
A. High-speed rail <br />
<br />
B. online shopping<br />
<br />
C. Alipay and bicycle sharing<br />
<br />
2. Which country invented the world's first truly high-speed railway? <br />
<br />
A. Japan<br />
<br />
B. China<br />
<br />
C. America<br />
<br />
3. Which country originally invented bicycle sharing? <br />
<br />
A. China<br />
<br />
B. Germany<br />
<br />
C. The Netherlands<br />
<br />
<br />
==='''Answers'''===<br />
<br />
Correct answers are:<br />
<br />
1. ABC<br />
<br />
2. A<br />
<br />
3. C<br />
<br />
=202270081663 向明慧 Xiang Minghui 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
<br />
=='''Modern Applications of Traditional Chinese Medicine:Disease Prevention and Control, Aromatherapy, Regimen and Cosmetology'''==<br />
<center>向明慧 Xiang Minghui，202270081663</center><br />
<br />
==='''Abstract'''===<br />
<br />
This chapter contains characteristics and modern applications of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Theories of TCM are applied in disease prevention and control, aromatherapy, regimen and cosmetology. Chinese herbal medicine and some ancient prescriptions can be used in innovation of modern medicine, beauties and health-care products. Beside, the concept of health preservation in TCM is in line with modern people’s pursuit of healthy life.<br />
<br />
==='''Key Words'''===<br />
<br />
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM),modern applications, disease prevention and control, aromatherapy, regimen, cosmetology<br />
<br />
==='''Introduction'''===<br />
<br />
TCM could be traced back to a Chinese mythology that Shennong tasted hundred herbs for medical. According to ''Traditional Chinese Medicine in China'' rolled out by the State Council Information Office of the PRC, TCM has five characteristics (1) Holistic view. TCM deems that the relationship between humans and nature is an interactive and inseparable whole. (2) Emphasis on harmony. TCM holds that a person's physical health depends on harmony in the functions of body organs, good mental state, and adaption to different environments. (3) Personalized therapy. TCM treats a disease based on full consideration of the individual constitution and climatic and seasonal conditions. (4) Preventative treatment as a core. TCM advocates that a person's health can be improved through emotional adjustment, balanced labor and rest, a sensible diet, and a regular life. (5) Simplicity. In addition to medication, TCM has many non-pharmacological alternative approaches such as acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping and gua sha. There is no need for complex equipment. <br />
<br />
Though the fundamental notions and theories of TCM are very old they could be used to make new products which meet the requirements of contemporary people.<br />
<br />
==='''Modern Applications of TCM'''===<br />
<br />
'''a.Infectious disease prevention and control'''<br />
<br />
Tu Youyou and her research team established the extraction method of artemisinin based on a great deal of researches on traditional Chinese medicine, inspired by the ''Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergency''. At present, artemisinin and its derivatives are the most effective for the treatment of malaria in the world. Artemisinin combination therapy, used in malaria areas of almost all countries and regions, treats more than 100 million cases a year and has reduced the incidence and mortality of malaria in the world.(Yuan Yanan et al.,2017)<br />
<br />
During Covid-19, Yupingfeng Powder, Zhenqi Fuzheng Preparation, Huoxiang Zhengqi Preparation, Lianhua Qingwen Capsule and other internal medicine are suggested for vulnerable people or those under medical observation with fatigue and fever. Although the above prescriptions have played an important role in the prevention and treatment of Covid-19, it’s not recommended for healthy people take them.(Chen Hongzhi et al.,2020)<br />
<br />
'''b.Aromatherapy of TCM'''<br />
<br />
It refers to the treatment in which smoke, sachet, spray made of aromatic Chinese medicines infiltrate into the body through nasal cavity, skin or oral cavity to exert its efficacy. Plant essential oils and other aromatherapy products are used in massage, bath, smell, and external application to improve metabolism and speed up the elimination of toxins in the body.(Yang Dingquan,2017)<br />
<br />
'''c.Cosmetology and TCM'''<br />
<br />
There are many records of cosmetic prescriptions in Qing Imperial Palace archives. In modern times, people can enhance appearance by using TCM therapies (acupuncture, massage, cupping and gua sha) and beauties containing Chinese herb extracts. If you search for skincare products and cosmetics on Taobao, JD or other Chinese famous online shopping platforms, you may well find lots of choices that boast extractions from Chinese herbal medicine in their product introductions. <br />
<br />
'''d.Regimen and TCM'''<br />
<br />
Taking medicated diet is common in China to improve health. A medicated dish include several ingredients with medicinal benefits like angelica sinensis, codonopsis pilosula, radix astragali, dried lotus seeds, goji berries, jujube, ginseng. Different medicated diets have different effects. For instance, dried lotus seeds decrease internal heat and goji berries are good for eyes. <br />
<br />
People soak their feet in warm water containing Chinese herbs to relieve fatigue and boost blood circulation. Many add goji berries, dried honeysuckle flowers or dried golden chrysanthemums into the hot water of insulated mugs to keep fit.<br />
<br />
Cupping, acupuncture and gua sha are all the rage. Many content creators on varied platforms shared their experiences of receiving TCM therapies. Here is an excerpt from an article by Hannah Seo published in ''New York Times'', Sept. 12, 2022. <br />
<br />
If you scroll through Tiktok and Instagram for long enough, you’ll likely find someone scraping, brushing or massaging their skin in pursuit of better health or an enhanced appearance. Testimonies abound — about body scraping to loosen stiff limbs, gua sha for a sculpted jawline, vibrating facial massagers to reduce puffiness, dry brushing for “detoxing”.<br />
<br />
Many athletes tried acupuncture and cupping to deal with problems like sore muscles and stiff joints. For instance, in Rio Olympics 2016, swimmer Michael Phelps had cupping, leaving a bunch of reddish-purple marks on his body.<br />
<br />
==='''Drawbacks of TCM'''===<br />
<br />
TCM has its shortcomings. For example, it’s difficult to evaluate whether TCM nutrition could play a major role in treatment of various diseases (Zhao Xinyu, et al.,2020). Many TCM prescriptions were based on practitioners’ experience but are lack of evidence-based research. <br />
<br />
Foreign researchers find that TCM methodology for diagnosis and pathology treatment heavily relies on the time of exposure for all ailments. Other limitations of this metanalysis include the many variables of patient demographics, different herbal preparations, and access to funding to purchase such preparations. ( L. Dr A. Varon, D. Varon & J. Varon,2020)<br />
<br />
Therefore, many Chinese doctors tend to combine treatments from TCM and western medicine so as to find optimal therapies for patients. <br />
<br />
<br />
==='''Conclusion'''===<br />
<br />
TCM is a source of inspirations for R&D of modern pharmacy, cosmetology and other fields. Due to its limitations, more researches are to be done on efficacy and safety.<br />
<br />
==='''Terms and Expressions'''===<br />
<br />
regimen 养生<br />
<br />
''Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergency'' 《肘后备急方》<br />
<br />
artemisinin combination therapy 青蒿素联合疗法<br />
<br />
Yupingfeng Powder 玉屏风散<br />
<br />
Zhenqi Fuzheng Preparation 贞芪扶正制剂<br />
<br />
Huoxiang Zhengqi Preparation 藿香正气制剂<br />
<br />
Lianhua Qingwen Capsule 连花清瘟胶囊<br />
<br />
sachet香囊<br />
<br />
cupping拔罐<br />
<br />
gua sha刮痧<br />
<br />
medicated diet药膳<br />
<br />
acupuncture针灸<br />
<br />
aromatherapy 芳香疗法<br />
<br />
cosmetology美容，美容业<br />
<br />
beauties 美容产品<br />
<br />
angelica sinensis当归<br />
<br />
codonopsis pilosula党参<br />
<br />
radix astragali黄芪<br />
<br />
dried lotus seeds干莲子<br />
<br />
goji berries枸杞<br />
<br />
jujube红枣<br />
<br />
ginseng人参<br />
<br />
honeysuckle flowers 金银花<br />
<br />
insulated mugs保温杯<br />
<br />
==='''Questions'''===<br />
<br />
<br />
1.What are the five characteristics of TCM?<br />
<br />
A, Holistic view B. Emphasis on harmony C. Personalized therapy D. Preventative treatment as a core E.Simplicity<br />
<br />
<br />
2.Which kind of therapy is used in malaria areas of almost all countries and regions?<br />
<br />
A.artemisinin combination therapy B. acupuncture C. gua sha D. chalcanthite<br />
<br />
<br />
3.What is Aromatherapy of TCM?<br />
<br />
A.smoke made of aromatic Chinese medicines B. sachet made of aromatic Chinese medicines C. perfume D. spray made of aromatic Chinese medicines<br />
<br />
<br />
4.What kind of TCM treatments are all the rage on social media?<br />
<br />
A.Cupping B. gua sha C. acupuncture D. medicated diet<br />
<br />
==='''Answers'''===<br />
<br />
1.ABCDE<br />
<br />
2.A<br />
<br />
3.ABD<br />
<br />
4.ABC<br />
<br />
==='''References'''===<br />
<br />
1.http://www.scio.gov.cn/zfbps/ndhf/34120/index.htm《中国的中医药》白皮书[Traditional Chinese Medicine in China]<br />
<br />
2.Hou Xianglang and Houmingxia侯香浪，何明霞(2015).''中国文化英语教程'' [An English Course of Chinese Culture]. Wuhan: Wuhan University武汉大学<br />
<br />
3.Yuan Yannan,et al.( 2017)袁亚男, 姜廷良, 周兴, 等. 青蒿素的发现和发展[Discovery and development of artemisinin (in Chinese)].''科学通报'' [Chin Sci Bull](18):1914-1927<br />
<br />
4.Chen Hongzhi,et al.(2020)陈泓志,陈虎博,王晨曦,龚彦溶,向兴,张慧卿.中医常用防疫方药的现代应用[Current application of commonly used traditional Chinese herbal medicine and formulae for preventing severe infectious diseases].''药学服务与研究'' [Pharm Care Res](4):292<br />
<br />
5.Yang Dingquan(2017)杨顶权.中医美容之路——传承创新,整合发展[Chinese Medicine and Cosmetology --Inheritance,Innovation and Development]. ''皮肤科学通报'' [Dermatology Bulletin](6):629<br />
<br />
6.Hannah Seo, ''New York Times'', Sept. 12,2022<br />
<br />
7.Zhao Xinyu, et al.(2020).Nutrition and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM): a system's theoretical perspective. ''European journal of clinical nutrition''(2)<br />
<br />
8. L. Dr Adylle Varon,Daryelle S. Varon & Joseph Varon.(2020).Traditional chinese medicine and COVID-19: should emergency practitioners use it?. ''American Journal of Emergency Medicine ''(prepublish)<br />
<br />
=202270081664 肖家禹 Xiao Jiayu 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
<br />
==The Han Tombs of Mawangdui==<br />
<center>肖家禹 Xiao Jiayu, 202270081664</center><br />
===Abstract=== <br />
This chapter briefly introduces the Han Tombs of Mawangdui in Changsha, including the origin of the name and the findings of the excavation. The cultural relics excavated from the tombs are of great value in studying the politics, economy, military affairs, culture, science and technology of the early Western Han period.<br />
===Key Words===<br />
the Han Tombs of Mawangdui, the origin of the name, the funeral objects, the female corpse<br />
<br />
===马王堆汉墓===<br />
===摘要===<br />
本章简要介绍了长沙马王堆汉墓，包括其名字由来及考古发现。该墓葬出土的文物对研究西汉初期的政治、经济、军事、文化、科学技术等具有重要价值。<br />
<br />
===关键词===<br />
马王堆汉墓，名字由来，随葬物品，西汉女尸<br />
<br />
===Introduction===<br />
From 1972 to early 1974, Chinese archaeological workers unearthed 3 tombs of the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-25 AD) at Mawangdui of Changsha, Hunan Province, which has attracted great attention at home and abroad. This chapter mainly deals with the archaeological findings of the Han Tombs of Mawangdui.<br />
=== The Origin of the Name===<br />
Mawangdui is located in the eastern outskirts of Changsha, Hunan Province. In the preceding centuries, it was said that Ma Yin, King of the ducal state of Chu in the Five Dynasties Period (907-960), was buried here, hence the name "Mawangdui" (the Mound of King Ma). Formerly 2 earthen mounds here were closely linked together in the shape of a horse saddle. Thus, it was also called "Ma'andui" (the Horse Saddle Mound). In some historical documents it is called "Erfeimu" (the Tombs of Two Concubines), and "Shuangnüfen" (the Tombs of Two Ladies). The opinions about the ownership of the tombs varied widely, and the truth did no come out until the excavation. (Xiong Chuanxin 2005,1-2)<br />
<br />
=== The Excavation===<br />
There were 3 tombs at Mawangdui. The eastern mound was known as Tomb No.1, and the western mound as Tomb No.2. The third tomb was located to the south of Tomb No.1 and was covered up by the sealing soil so that there was no visible trace of its existence.<br />
<br />
Tomb No.1 was an immense earthen pit with a sloping passage way and 4 steps. It was 20.5 m deep from the top of the covering mound to the bottom of the shaft. Most of the funeral objects were damaged in Tomb No. 2. Tomb No. 3 resembled Tomb No. 1 in construction, but it was smaller in size.<br />
<br />
=== The Funeral Objects===<br />
The funeral objects unearthed from the tombs are abundant, such as silk paintings, silk books, weapons, bamboo slips and lacquerware. Among them the silk paintings and silk books reveal much about the past history. <br />
<br />
'''a. Silk Paintings'''<br />
<br />
Both the innermost coffins of Tombs No. 1 and No.3 were covered by T-shaped color paintings on silk. The paintings are of similar subjects: heaven, the human society and the nether world. Well balanced and ingeniously composed, the paintings harmoniously interweave fairy tales with reality. The artistic skills of the paintings make them masterpieces of ancient art. Judging from the shape, content and the positions of the paintings, we know that they were funeral banners used in funeral ceremonies to usher the spirit up to heaven. (Deng Hui, Chen Huali 2020)<br />
<br />
On the eastern and western walls of the chamber in Tomb No. 3 were hung 2 rectangular silk paintings. The one on the western wall portrays 100 people, several hundred horses and dozens of chariots. The figure representing the tomb occupant is standing on a high terrace, inspecting his troops before an expedition. Thus, the painting might be entitled "Painting of an Expedition". However, the painting on the eastern wall was in state of decay so only some remaining parts of chariots, galloping horses and women could be made out. It might a description of the extravagant life the tomb occupant led before his death. (Liu Dunyuan 1978)<br />
<br />
'''b. Silk Books'''<br />
<br />
The silk books unearthed from Tomb No. 3 bear over 100,000 characters. They provide a wealth of new data for the study of China's ancient history, philosophical thinking, science and technology.<br />
Among the silk books, there are 2 copied versions of the manuscripts of ''Lao Zi''. (Daniel Sungbin Sou 2016,136) Version A is followed by copies of 4 essays, heretofore believed to be lost, and version B is preceded by copies of 4 more "lost" essays, i.e. "''On Law''", "''Sixteen Classics''", "''Balance''" and "''The Source of the Way''". （Xiao Han 1974）<br />
<br />
There are also new historical data of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (770 BC-221 BC): ''Anecdotes and Speeches in the Spring and Autumn Period'', and ''Letters by Political Strategists in the Warring States Period'', as well as ''The Motion of Five Planets and Divination'' and ''The Chart of Physical Exercises''. Altogether, there is a total of over 20 valuable books, most of which were believed to have been lost. The discovery of these books is of monumental importance to Han historians in their reconsideration of ancient Chinese history.<br />
<br />
=== The Female Corpse===<br />
What has attracted the greatest attention is the corpse of Xin Zhui, Li Cang's wife, which was well preserved in Tomb No. 1 for over 2,100 years. (Jeffrey K. Riegel 1975, 11) The body was 154 cm tall and weighed 34.3 kg. The external appearance was intact, the whole body was moist, the skin was complete, and most of the hair remained at its original follicles. Some of the joints were movable to a certain extent and the tissue still maintained certain elasticity.<br />
<br />
Comprehensive research was also made into the reasons for the sound preservation of the ancient corpse. Immediately after her death, the body was bathed, wrapped tightly with about 20 layers of shrouds and cloth, and sealed in air tight coffins. The anoxic environment within the innermost coffin was gradually created, which helped retard the decay of the corpse. (Shin Dong Hoon 2018, 9)<br />
<br />
The studies of the pathological changes of the ancient corpse, the cause of death and the unearthed Chinese herbal medicine bring to light the situation of the diseases and the applied prescriptions and drugs of traditional Chinese medicine in the feudal society 2,100 years ago, and provide valuable data for the further exploration and systematization of the medical heritage of China.<br />
<br />
===Conclusion===<br />
The archaeological findings at Han Tombs of Mawangdui is of monumental importance in modern times. More researches are to be done to learn about various aspects of the early Western Han period so as to make further exploration based on them.<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
1.Daniel Sungbin Sou. (2012). The Old Master: A Syncretic Reading of the Laozi from Mawangdui Text A Onward. By Hongkyung Kim. SUNY Series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2012. Pp. vii + 310. Cloth, $75.00; paper, $26.95[J]. Religious Studies Review, 2016, 42(2): 136-136.<br />
<br />
2.Deng Hui, Chen Huali 邓辉,陈华丽. (2020). 魂归何处:马王堆一号汉墓T形帛画中的阴阳、神仙思想[The Yin-Yang and Immortal Ideas in the T-shaped Silk Paintings of Mawangdui No.1 Han Tomb][J]. 吉首大学学报(社会科学版) Journal of Jishou University (Social Sciences), 2020,41(01):94-101.DOI:10.13438/j.cnki.jdxb.2020.01.010.<br />
<br />
3.Jeffrey K. Riegel. (1975). A Summary of some Recent Wenwu and Kaogu Articles on Mawangdui Tombs Two and Three[J]. Early China, 1975, 1: 10-15.<br />
<br />
4.Liu Dunyuan 刘敦愿. (1978). 马王堆西汉帛画中的若干神话问题[Discussions on the Myth in Silk Painting in the Han Tombs of Mawangdui][J].文史哲 Literature, History and Philosophy,1978(04):64-73.DOI:10.16346/j.cnki.37-1101/c.1978.04.011.<br />
<br />
5.Shin Dong Hoon et al. (2018). Mummification in Korea and China: Mawangdui, Song, Ming and Joseon Dynasty Mummies. [J]. BioMed research international, 2018, 2018: 6215025.<br />
<br />
6.Xiong Chuanxin 熊传薪.(2005).马王堆汉墓发掘记[The Excavation of the Han Tombs of Mawangdui][J]. 大自然探索 Discovery of Nature,2005(04):64-71.<br />
<br />
7.Xiao Han 晓菡. (1974). 长沙马王堆汉墓帛书概述[Overview of Silk Books in the Han Tombs of Mawangdui in Changsha][J].文物 Cultural Relics,1974(09):40-44.<br />
<br />
===Terms and Expressions===<br />
Mawangdui 马王堆<br />
<br />
Ma'andui 马鞍堆<br />
<br />
Erfeimu 二妃墓<br />
<br />
Shuangnüfen 双女坟<br />
<br />
T-Shaped Silk Painting T形帛画<br />
<br />
Usher the spirit up to heaven 引魂升天<br />
<br />
Painting of An Expedition 出征图<br />
<br />
''On Law'' 《经法》<br />
<br />
''Sixteen Classics'' 《十六经》<br />
<br />
''Balance'' 《称》<br />
<br />
''The Source of the Way'' 《道原》<br />
<br />
''Anecdotes and Speeches in the Spring and Autumn Period''《春秋事语》<br />
<br />
''Letters by Political Strategists in the Warring States Period''《战国纵横家书》<br />
<br />
''The Motion of Five Planets and Divination''《五星占》<br />
<br />
''The Chart of Physical Exercises''《导引图》<br />
<br />
Xin Zhui 辛追<br />
<br />
Li Cang 利苍<br />
<br />
===Questions===<br />
1.Which of the following names are the alternatives to Mawangdui?<br />
<br />
A. Ma'andui<br />
<br />
B. Maoling<br />
<br />
C. Erfeimu<br />
<br />
D. Shuangnüfen<br />
<br />
<br />
2.How many tombs are there at Mawangdui?<br />
<br />
A. One<br />
<br />
B. Two<br />
<br />
C. Three<br />
<br />
D. Four<br />
<br />
<br />
3. What new historical data of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were unearthed at Mawangdui?<br />
<br />
A. ''Anecdotes and Speeches in the Spring and Autumn Period''<br />
<br />
B. ''Letters by Political Strategists in the Warring States Period''<br />
<br />
C. ''The Motion of Five Planets and Divination''<br />
<br />
D. ''The Chart of Physical Exercises''<br />
<br />
<br />
4.Which of the following cultural relics excavated from the Han Tombs of Mawangdui has attracted the greatest attention?<br />
<br />
A. A female corpse<br />
<br />
B. Silk paintings<br />
<br />
C. Wooden figurines<br />
<br />
D. Bamboo slips<br />
<br />
===Answers===<br />
1. A, C, D<br />
<br />
2. C<br />
<br />
3. A, B, C, D<br />
<br />
4. A<br />
<br />
=202270081665 肖娜 Xiao Na 英语笔译(English Translation)=<br />
==='''Chinese Festival:Double Ninth Festival'''===<br />
<center>肖娜 Xiao Na，202270081665</center><br />
<br />
===='''Abstract'''====<br />
<br />
Double Ninth Festival is a traditional festival in China, which plays an pivotal role in carrying forward traditional culture.The chapter mainly introduces the origin and traditional customs and modern values of Double Ninth Festival.<br />
<br />
===='''Key Words'''====<br />
<br />
Origin,Customs ,Modern values,Double Ninth Festival.<br />
<br />
===='''题目'''====<br />
<br />
重阳节<br />
<br />
===='''摘要'''====<br />
<br />
重阳节是中国传统节日，在弘扬中国传统文化中起到至关重要的作用。本论文主要介绍了重阳节的起源、传统习俗及其当代价值。<br />
<br />
===='''关键词'''====<br />
<br />
起源；习俗；当代价值；重阳节<br />
<br />
===='''Introduction'''====<br />
<br />
Chongyang Festival could be traced back ''the Book of Changes'' and it has become popular for many years.<br />
<br />
===='''The origin of Double Ninth Festival''' ====<br />
<br />
Double Ninth Festival, “Chongyang” in Chinese, is also known for Cornel Festival or Chrysanthemum Festival or Chung Yeung Festival.<br />
The origin of "Chongyang" can be traced back to the ancient ''Book of Changes'', “以阳爻为九”(Taking Yang Yao as nine),“爻(Yao)”means the symbols that form the diagrams and the “阳爻(Yang Yao)”means the hexagram of Qian. According to the earliest ancient philosophy, “Yin-Yang School”, the ancient people divided everything in the world into Yin and Yang, and numbers are no exception. （Baidu Baike-“Yang Yao” ）（Chen Yan 2011,58）<br />
In Chinese，nine is regarded as ''yang'' number (which means masculine as supposed to ''yin'' which is feminine). The ninth day of the ninth month is the day that has two ''yang'' members and ''chong'' in Chinese means double, which is how the name Chongyang came into being. ( Hou Xianglang, He Mingxia 2015,173)<br />
Generally speaking, some customs of the Double Ninth Festival have been shown in the social traditional customs of the pre-Qin Dynasty. The Festival, took shape in the Eastern Han Dynasty and was finalized in Six Dynasties, which has been an important traditional festival widely spread among the people now. （Chen Yan 2011,58）<br />
In the year of 1989, Chongyang Festival was designated as Senior's Day-a day to respect the elderly. Many companies organize trips for senior citizens to climb mountains on the day. Members of a family also accompany their elders to have outings. ( Hou Xianglang, He Mingxia 2015,174)<br />
<br />
===='''Traditional customs of the Double Ninth Festival'''====<br />
<br />
'''1.Climbing Mountains'''<br />
<br />
Since the Western Han Dynasty, it has been the custom of climbing on the Chongyang Festival. There was a tradition of filial piety and respect for the elderly. In addition, the custom could drive away bad luck and disasters and “climbing to a higher position”, which are the reasons why ancient people paid much more attention to the custom. Apart from these, the elderly value it because that has a meaning of “climbing to a longer life”. (Baidu Baike-“Double Ninth Festival”) <br />
<br />
'''2. Appreciating Chrysanthemum''' <br />
<br />
September is also known as “chrysanthemum month”. Chrysanthemum, originated in China and was recorded in some Chinese books as early as the Fifth century B.C., which has a beautiful name –the flower of longevity. And the flower is a traditional herbal medicine for the Double Ninth Festival, so drinking chrysanthemum wine and enjoying chrysanthemum are also traditional activities on the Double Ninth Festival (Wang Xiaoying 2006, 95)<br />
<br />
'''3. Drinking Chrysanthemum Wine'''<br />
<br />
Chrysanthemums have the function of antitoxin (抗毒素) and can drive the evil away. Chinese people believe that by drinking chrysanthemum wine, all kinds of diseases and disasters can be cured and prevented. Thus, drinking chrysanthemum wine is an indispensable part of the festival. As nine is pronounced “jiu”, meaning long in Chinese, so people endow the word “jiu” with the meaning of longevity. ( Hou Xianglang, He Mingxia 2015,174)( Rothschild N. Harry.2021,39)<br />
<br />
'''4. Eating Double Ninth Cake''' <br />
<br />
In September, the rice is ripe, which is a kind of food in that reason and considered as sacrifices to ancestors. In China, “Gao (cake)” has the same pronunciation with “Gao (height)”. Therefore, eating cake also means climbing.<br />
<br />
'''5. Ancestors Worship'''<br />
<br />
The Chongyang Festival is one of the four traditional Chinese ancestor worship festivals, and there is a tradition of ancestor worship and blessing among ancient folk. The most fundamental role of sacrificing ancestors is to enhance people's cultural identity and strengthen the cohesion of family and society. In the traditional custom, Qingming Festival is the "spring worship" and Chongyang Festival is the "autumn worship". The traditional custom to pay respect to ancestors has been continued to this day. (Baidu Baike-“Double Ninth Festival”)<br />
<br />
'''6. Wearing Dogwood'''<br />
<br />
This custom originated in the Jin Dynasty，because “Double Ninth” is a symbol of fierce, so wearing dogwood is used for against evil . In addition, the custom is pursuit of beauty and longevity. This custom has faded with the subtle shift of the Double Ninth Festival, its humanistic value has been spread for a long time.(Chen Yan 2011,60)<br />
<br />
===='''The Modern Values of the Double Ninth Festival'''====<br />
<br />
When General Secretary Xi Jinping talked about traditional culture, he once proposed to realize the creative transformation and innovative development of traditional culture, so we should find out the true values of the traditional culture, especially the traditional festival.<br />
Firstly, the historical and cultural resources contained in the Double Ninth Festival are the basis for us to tell the Chinese stories and enhance the spread of Chinese culture. The Ancient books and poetry show us how the ancient people celebrated the festival, which contains profound humanistic spirit that lays the foundation for our understanding and inheritance of the culture of the Festival. These colorful forms of the Festival harmonize the interpersonal relationships, monotonous life of the ancients, and carry the ethics of the ancient Chinese to respect the nature.<br />
Secondly, the Festival could boost the development of traditional industries. The Double Ninth Festival provides inspiration for the research and development and production of catering industry products. The Double Ninth cake, for instance, has a wide variety, rich nutrition and profound cultural connotation, which is combined with modern cakes that will add new varieties. (Ren Zheng 2020,77-78)<br />
<br />
===='''Conclusion'''====<br />
<br />
Chongyang Fsetival contributes to the development of Chinese culture , economy and other fields.We should treat our traditional festival in a right way.<br />
<br />
===='''References'''====<br />
<br />
[1][Ren Zheng]任正.重阳节俗的历史检视与当代价值[The Historical Inspection and Contemporary Value of the Double Ninth Festival][J].山西高等学校社会科学学报[Journal of Social Science of Shanxi Colleges and Universities],2020,32(07):73-80.DOI:10.16396/j.cnki.sxgxskxb.2020.07.<br />
<br />
[2][Chen Yan]陈艳.重阳节的起源及风俗文化[The Origin and Customs and Culture of the Double Ninth Festival][J].内蒙古民族大学学报[Journal of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities],2011,17(03)<br />
<br />
[3][Wang Xiaoying]王小英.重阳节的起源及民俗文化意味[The Origin of the Double Ninth Festival Folk Culture Meaning][J].黑龙江教育学院学报[Journal of Hei longjiang Institute of Education],2006(06)<br />
<br />
[4]百度百科重阳节[Baidu Baike-“Double Ninth Festival”]<br />
<br />
[5]百度百科阳爻[Baidu Baike-“Yang Yao”]<br />
<br />
[6]https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1646788002989805100&wfr=spider&for=pc&searchword.(重阳节的介绍，introduction of Chongyang Festival)<br />
<br />
[7]中国文化英语教程=An English Course of Chinese Culture/侯香浪,何明霞[Hou Xianglang, He Mingxia].-武汉:武汉大学出版社[Wuhan, Wuhan University Press],2015.9<br />
<br />
[8].The Double Ninth Festival[J].时代英语(高二),2022(05):2.<br />
<br />
[9]Rothschild N. Harry. Chrysanthemum Cakravartin: How the Convergence of the Double Ninth Festival and a Buddhist Prophecy of a Female Warrior King Helped Wu Zhao Inaugurate the Zhou Dynasty and Fashion a New Paradigm of Political Authority[J]. Tang Studies,2021,39(1).<br />
<br />
[10]. AsianDate All Set to Usher in China's Double Ninth Festival and Bring Good Luck to Members[J]. M2 Presswire,2015.<br />
<br />
===='''Terms and Expressions'''====<br />
<br />
Double Ninth Festival/ Cornel Festival/Chrysanthemum Festival / Chung Yeung Festival.重阳节<br />
<br />
Book of Changes 《易经》<br />
<br />
the hexagram of Qian 乾卦<br />
<br />
Yin-Yang School阴阳说<br />
<br />
Senior's Day 老人节<br />
<br />
Climbing Mountains登高<br />
<br />
Appreciating Chrysanthemum赏菊<br />
<br />
Drinking Chrysanthemum Wine饮菊花酒<br />
<br />
Eating Double Ninth Cake吃重阳糕<br />
<br />
Ancestors Worship祭祀祖先<br />
<br />
Wearing Dogwood 插茱萸<br />
<br />
===='''Questions'''====<br />
1. When did the Double Ninth Festival take shape?<br />
<br />
A.Eastern Han Dynasty B.Tang Dynasty C.Song Dynasty D.Western Dynasty <br />
<br />
2. What kind of custom means “climb to a higher position”?<br />
<br />
A.Wearing Dogwood B.Eating Double Ninth Cake C.Climbing Mountains D.Ancestors worship<br />
<br />
3. What is called“ the flower of longevity”？<br />
<br />
A.Peony B.Daffodil C.Lotus D. Chrysanthemum <br />
<br />
4. When is “Autumn worship”?<br />
<br />
A.Eating Double Ninth Cake B. Chongyang Festival C.Qingming Festival D.Dragon-boat Festival<br />
<br />
===='''Answers'''====<br />
<br />
1.A<br />
<br />
2.C<br />
<br />
3.D<br />
<br />
4.B<br />
<br />
=202270081666 肖喆琳 Xiao Zhelin 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
<br />
==Chinese Yellow River Valley Civilization==<br />
<center>肖喆琳Xiao Zhelin, 202270081666</center><br />
===Abstract===<br />
The Chinese Yellow River Valley, the earliest developed area in China, is the birthplace of Chinese civilization. It is on this vast land where diligent and brave Chinese ancestors labored and lived, and produced brilliant ancient culture. This chapter aims to make a brief introduction to the Chinese Yellow River and to illustrate the Yellow River Valley Civilization from the prespectives of geographical feature and agricultural civilization.<br />
===Key Words===<br />
civilization; Yellow River Valley; origin<br />
===题目===<br />
中国黄河流域文明<br />
===摘要===<br />
黄河流域是中国最早得到开发的地区，也是中华文明的发祥地。在这片广袤的土地上，勤劳勇敢的中国人辛勤劳作、乐观生活，并创造出璀璨文明。本章旨在对黄河进行简要介绍，从黄河流域文明的地形特征和农耕文明两方面来进行阐述。<br />
===关键词===<br />
文明；黄河流域；起源<br />
===A Brief Introduction of the Yellow River===<br />
The Yellow River is the second-longest river in China (after the Yangtze River) and the sixth-longest in the world at the estimated length of 5,464 km. Originating in the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai Province of western China, it flows through nine provinces (Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong Province), and it drains into the Bohai Sea near the city of Dongying in Shandong Province. For thousands of years, the Yellow River has been known as the ‘mother river’ of the Chinese nation and the ‘cradle of Chinese civilization’.<br />
===Origin of Chinese civilization in the Yellow River Valley===<br />
The Yellow River is referred to not only as a river, but also as a symbol of the Chinese nation.<br />
As the Yellow River flows from the Bayan Har Mountains to Bohai Sea, it drains a basin of 745,000 square kilometers, which has been the most prosperous region in early Chinese history. There were people living in the Yellow River Valley as early as about one million years ago, including the Lantian people, Hetao people and Dingcun people.(Hou Xianglang, He mingxia 2015) These residents industriously created a remarkable civilization. They not only made material progress for humanity, but also created Paleolithic culture. They discovered the way to make fire and acquired the skills of drilling and polishing tools after continuous practice. They also made crude stone and bone implements in order to hunt and fish.<br />
After the long Paleolithic Age, agriculture and polished stone implements ushered in the Neolithic Age. Afterwards, matriarchy was gradually replaced by patriarchy and wars among tribes arose. Finally, the powerful Yellow Emperor defeated Emperor Yan, laying the foundation for the Huaxia nation. As they mainly lived in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, in the Central Plains (Zhongyuan), the Huaxia nation was also called Zhonghua nation (combination of Zhongyuan and Huaxia). <br />
This is how Chinese culture originated and why all Chinese people regard themselves as the descendants of Emperor Yan and Yellow Emperor, and view the Yellow River as the mother river that created the Chinese culture.<br />
===Geographical Feature===<br />
A river civilization is an agricultural nation or civilization originated along a river while sea civilization is sprouted around seas (Clayton & Dent，1973).The topography along The Yellow River varies greatly, a vast land of lofty plateau, large plains, rolling land and big and small basins surrounded by lofty mountains. As a result,the climate along the Yellow River Valley is diverse with subtropical in the south to subarctic in the north. Monsoon winds, caused by differences in the heat-absorbing capacity of the continent and the ocean, dominate the climate. Alternating seasons with air-mass movements and accompanying winds are moist in summer and dry in winter. The advance and retreat of the monsoons account in large degree for the timing of the rainy season and the amount of rainfall throughout the country. Tremendous differences in latitude, longitude, and altitude give rise to sharp variations in precipitation and temperature within China. <br />
What's more, the Chinese mainland is semi-enclosed. To its east, the vast Pacific loomed unconquerable without advanced navigational equipment and skills. To its southwest, the mountains and tropical forests hindered the Chinese from communicating with their Southeastern Asian neighbors. While to the northwest, the desserts blockaded China from the European continent. The Silk Road once linking China and Europe had never become a prominent trading route due to the enormous distance. <br />
Such geographical conditions determined that ancient China was far away and isolated from the other centers of civilization, which on the one hand, ensured the homogeneity and continuity of Chinese culture, on the other hand, encouraged the self-reclusive conservative consciousness, and blind superpower mentality. (Yang Ruiying,Tian mei 2016)<br />
===Agricultural Civilization===<br />
So far, there have been thousands of discoveries of agricultural sites during the Neolithic Age all across China, especially along the Yellow River and Yangtze River. Around 4000 BC, when the area was much more temperate and forested, populations around the southern bend of the Yellow River began to practice agriculture. They sowed millet, but sometime later, the Chinese began cultivating rice in the south, near the Huai River. There was a Neolithic，tribal people who used stone tools. They domesticated animals very early while still continued hunting. Remains of game animals were almost as common as domestic animals in these villages. The development of agriculture and domestication of animals allowed people to stay in one spot instead of wandering from place to place following their main food source---animals. Some Neolithic people learned how to plant and raise crops, and keep and raise livestock for food. People were put in the situation of living together permanently. As a result, much cooperation was needed for survival and agricultural civilization started to grow. This mode of life to a large extent contributed to the type of culture and civilization. The Chinese thus became sedentary people with a highly developed agriculture.(Pringle，H. 1998)<br />
===Conclusion===<br />
In Chinese history, the Yellow River is not simply an array of characters on a page and the name of a river. In fact, millennia ago, the Chinese civilization emerged from the central region of this basin. The land in the basin was rich, and the farmers needed the rivers for growing crops and transportation. At the same time, the source of rich land was new soil deposited each year when the rivers flooded. So farmers are also worried about floods. This caused them to focus on the control of floods and to exploit the potential of the arable land.(Yang, X.J 2010) Therefore, in a sense, the rivers provided water for farming crops which had become a catalyst for the growth or civilization.The development of agriculture helped people committeed to specialized trades and crafts.Based on this agricultural culture, Chinese society developed a feudal system which emphasized family ties，patriarchy and royalty. Throughout history, the excellent location, the mild climate, the fertile soil, the abundant resources and the advantageous transportation have made the Yellow River Valley favorable to the development of the Yellow River Valley civilization.<br />
===References===<br />
1.Clayton, P.A.，Dent，J. The Ancient River Civilizations: Western Man & theModern World[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier，1973.<br />
<br />
2.Pringle，H. The Slow Birth of Agriculture[J]. Science，1998，282(5393)，1446<br />
<br />
3.Yang, X.J.Origin of Agriculture and Evolution of Chinese Early Civilization[J]Journal of Anhui Agri Sci.2010，38(25)，14169 - 14170.<br />
<br />
4.Hou Xianglang and He mingxia侯香浪，何明霞(2015).中国文化英语教程 [An English Course of Chinese Culture]. Wuhan: Wuhan University武汉大学<br />
<br />
5.Yang Ruiying and Tian mei 杨瑞英，田美(2016).中西文化比较[Chinese and Western Culture: A Comparative Approach]. Xian: Xian Jiaotong University 西安交通大学<br />
===Terms and Expressions===<br />
Bayan Har Mountains 巴颜喀拉山脉<br />
<br />
Bohai Sea 渤海<br />
<br />
Lantian people 蓝田猿人<br />
<br />
Hetao people 河套人<br />
<br />
Dingcun people 丁村人<br />
<br />
Paleolithic culture 旧石器文化<br />
<br />
Neolithic Age 新石器时代<br />
<br />
Matriarchy 母系社会<br />
<br />
Patriarchy 父系社会<br />
<br />
Huai River 淮河<br />
===Questions===<br />
1.Which one does the Yellow River drains into?<br />
<br />
A.Bohai Sea <br />
<br />
B.Huanghai Sea <br />
<br />
C.Donghai Sea<br />
<br />
2.How many provinces does the Yellow River flow through？<br />
<br />
A.Six <br />
<br />
B. Seven <br />
<br />
C. Eight <br />
<br />
D.Nine<br />
<br />
3.The Yellow River has been known as the ‘mother river’ of Chinese nation and the ‘cradle of Chinese civilization’.<br />
<br />
Ture <br />
<br />
False<br />
<br />
4.which of the following people living in the Yellow River Valley as early as about one million years ago?<br />
<br />
A.Lantian people <br />
<br />
B.Hetao people <br />
<br />
C.Dingcun people<br />
<br />
===Answers===<br />
1.A <br />
<br />
2.D <br />
<br />
3.Ture<br />
<br />
4.ABC<br />
<br />
=202270081667 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
==Chinese Liuqing-style bamboo carving==<br />
<center>谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu, 202270081667</center><br />
===Abstract===<br />
As a traditional handicraft of the Chinese nation, Liuqing-style bamboo carving has a long history, a wide range of themes and exquisite craftsmanship. This paper mainly introduces the development, materials, themes, and cultural value of the Liuqing-style bamboo carving.<br />
===Key Words===<br />
Liuqing-style bamboo carving; Intangible cultural heritage; Development<br />
===题目===<br />
中国留青竹刻<br />
===摘要===<br />
留青竹刻作为中华民族的传统手工技艺，历史悠久、题材广泛、工艺精湛。本文主要介绍了留青竹刻的发展历史，选材，创作题材及其文化价值。<br />
===关键词===<br />
留青竹刻；非物质文化遗产；发展<br />
===Introduction===<br />
Liuqing-style bamboo carving is one of the three treasures of Changzhou, Jiangsu Province. It is a national intangible cultural heritage. This kind of bamboo carving is an art form of creating and carving on the skin of bamboo. Craftsmen carve on the surface of the bamboo, removing the green parts except for the pattern and exposing the bamboo muscles as the background color of the pattern. (Zhang Meng 2016, 125)<br />
Liuqing-style bamboo carving is generally divided into five steps. The first step is to draw the pattern. The outline of the artistic image must be clear. The second step is to circle the edge. The carving process cannot be reversed. The third step is to remove bamboo skin and expose the bamboo muscle. Craftsmen must use even force when shoveling bamboo skin. If the force is too great, it is easy to lead to permanent damage of bamboo muscle. If the force is too light, it will not reach the effect and shoveling again will increase the difficulty. The fourth step is to divide layers, which uses knife to carve the detail and different levels on the bamboo skin to show the thick ink and light ink in Chinese painting. The last step is to smooth the surface of the bamboo muscle and to retouch flaws. This process usually takes five or six repetitions before it is finally completed. (Liu Mengjiao 2015, 168)<br />
===Development===<br />
The art of bamboo carving has a long history and began to rise as early as the Western Han <br />
Dynasty. (Yang Chunyan, Xia Yilin 2021, 74) Liuqing-style bamboo carving art originated in the Tang Dynasty, and the Liuqing-style bamboo carving product “Shakuhachi”, carved by the Tang people, is now collected in Shosoin of Japan. “Shakuhachi” is a bamboo musical instrument patterned with flowers and birds. (Qian Kaiyi 2013, 37) Liuqing-style bamboo carving was relatively forthright at first, without using the technique of contrasting bamboo skin with background color to express artistic image. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, the skill was developed, and the works were more finely carved. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuqing-style bamboo carving developed most rapidly. Craftsmen were able to use the techniques of full retention, little retention, and more retention to carve bamboo skin. (Liu Mengjiao 2015, 168) In the late Qing Dynasty, due to the exploitation of the government and the plunder of the imperialist, Liuqing-style bamboo carving gradually declined. After the 1950s, Liuqing-style bamboo carving not only recovered, but also stepped up to a new level. Changzhou, Jiading, Shanghai, Wuxi and other cities have emerged a number of masters. (Zhang Meng 2015, 50) <br />
===Materials===<br />
The materials of Liuqing-style bamboo carving are dainty. Mao bamboos in the deep mountains should be the most suitable materials. The age of bamboo is important. If it is too tender, the bamboo skin will be soft, not resistant to fine carving. If it is too old, the bamboo filament will be very rough, and the carved work do not withstand close scrutiny. Generally speaking, choosing four years old bamboo is better. Winter is the best season to take bamboo, especially at the lowest temperature. At this time, the bamboo has been completely shrunk with high density and good quality. Bamboo joints should be long and straight, without worn sting, color or markings. In order to prevent scratches in the process of cutting, bamboo should be placed gently on the ground when it is cut down. It can prevent the bamboo skin from rubbing with the stones on the ground, which will leave marks. If conditions permit, craftsmen can take the bamboo on the spot and boil it, removing the fat and worm eggs, and wipe the sap on the bamboo with a towel, so that the bamboo is bright and clean. The boiled bamboo should be exposed to the sun for as long as possible. After more than a month, the color of the bamboo will turn pale yellow. If any of the bamboo is cracked, it should be abandoned. The rest without cracking is the good material for carving. (Zhang Meng 2015, 50)<br />
===Themes===<br />
Liuqing-style bamboo carving mainly includes four themes. (1) flowers, plants and trees. It is a very important content, which integrates the artist’s personal characteristics, and most artists often use the form of bamboo carving to express their personal interests, aspirations and ideals, so that Liuqing-style bamboo carving has the artistic conception of humanistic paintings. (Tan Wenru 2021, 142) (2) Fish, insects, birds and beasts. They often express the author’s expectations for good fortune, and many animals are endowed with personality trait. (Zhang Meng 2016, 126) (3) mountains, rivers and pavilions. Although bamboo carving cannot make people feel as magnificent as painting, it can also show the changes of reality and emptiness and inky effect of landscape painting. (Tan Wenru 2021, 142) (4) figures. Liuqing-style bamboo carving carves people’s expressions and movements, which can show their personality and state of mind. (Zhang Meng 2016, 126)<br />
===Cultural value===<br />
As a common material in Chinese people’s life, bamboo not only appears in many fields of people’s life, but also internalizes into people’s spiritual field. Because of this, bamboo is called Chinese bamboo culture. Therefore, bamboo has formed a relatively fixed aesthetic image, and the combination of bamboo natural characteristics with Chinese ethical value has gradually created many spiritual symbols. (Xiao Yingying, Chen Juan 2018, 74) Inspired by the philosophy of “harmony between man and nature”, Liuqing-style bamboo carving makes the natural beauty and artificial beauty harmoniously integrate and advocates to achieve the beautifulness of natural origin with a quiet state of mind and superb skills. Liuqing-style bamboo carving integrates the traditional carving art and art style of literati painting, which has certain cultural value. (Chen Yan, Zhang Xun 2022, 135)<br />
===Conclusion===<br />
Liuqing-style bamboo carving has been included in the intangible cultural heritage of Changzhou with its rich themes, excellent skills, which has high collection value and aesthetic value. We should let more people appreciate its unique charm, so that Liuqing-style bamboo carving has more lasting vitality.<br />
===References===<br />
[1] Zhang Meng张孟. (2016). 留青竹刻的艺术特色演变及发展[The evolution and development of the artistic characteristics of Liuqing-style bamboo carving].中国民族博览 China National Exposition (07) 125-126.<br />
[2] Liu Mengjiao刘梦娇. (2015). 常州留青竹刻传统技艺的嬗变与发展[Evolution and development of traditional technique of Liuqing-style bamboo carving in Changzhou]. 现代装饰(理论) Modern Decoration (Theory) (08) 168.<br />
[3] Qian Kaiyi钱凯一. (2013). 浅谈中国竹刻艺术的流变与传承——以常州留青竹刻为例[On the evolution and inheritance of Chinese bamboo carving art -- Taking Liuqing-style bamboo carving in Changzhou as an example]. 美术教育研究 Art Education Research (09) 37-38.<br />
[4] Zhang Meng张孟. (2015). 浅谈留青竹刻由来与选材[On the origin and material selection of Liuqing-style bamboo carving]. 美术教育研究 Art Education Research (03) 50.<br />
[5] Chen Yan, Zhang Xun陈艳,张珣. (2022). 非物质文化遗产常州留青竹刻的传承与发展[Inheritance and development of Changzhou Liuqing-style bamboo carving, an intangible cultural heritage]. 工业设计 Industrial Design (07) 134-136.<br />
[6] Tan Wenru谭文如. (2021). 浅析常州留青竹刻的艺术特征[A brief analysis of the artistic characteristics of Changzhou Liuqing-style bamboo carving]. 名家名作 Famous Works and Artists (02) 142.<br />
[7] Chunyan Yang, Yilin Xia. (2021). Viewing the Development of Zhejiang Bamboo Carvings from the Perspectives of Category, Subject and Technique. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Art, Design and Contemporary Education（ICADCE 2021）.Ed.. ATLANTIS PRESS 76-81.<br />
[8] Xiao Yingying, Chen Juan. (2018). Research on Innovative Design of “Intangible Cultural Heritage” Bamboo Products. 4th International Conference on Social Science and Contemporary Humanity Development (SSCHD 2018). ATLANTIS PRESS 72-75.<br />
===Terms and Expressions===<br />
bamboo muscle 竹肌 <br />
bamboo skin 竹皮<br />
Shakuhachi 尺八<br />
Shosoin 正仓院<br />
full retention 全留<br />
little retention 少留<br />
more retention多留<br />
literati-official class 士大夫阶层<br />
mao bamboo 毛竹<br />
harmony between man and nature 天人合一<br />
bamboo filament 竹丝<br />
bamboo joint 竹节<br />
===Questions===<br />
1.Which dynasty did the Liuqing-style bamboo carving originate from?<br />
2. Which season of bamboo is most suitable for picking and carving?<br />
3. How many steps do craftsmen usually take in Liuqing-style bamboo carving?<br />
===Answers===<br />
1.Tang Dynasty<br />
2.winter<br />
3.five<br />
<br />
=202270081668 谢茜敏 Xie Ximin 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
<br />
==Suzhou Pingtan==<br />
<center>谢茜敏 Xie Ximin, 202270081668</center><br />
===Abstract=== <br />
This essay introduces Suzhou Pingtan, an outstanding representative of the elegant and graceful traditional culture of Jiangnan-the area in the south of the Yangtze River. It originates from the characteristic tradition of Wu culture. As a comprehensive art, it is a combination of Pinghua and Tanci which are interesting, fine and strange , and has a long history of over four hundred years.<br />
===Key Words===<br />
Pingtan; development; Jiangnan culture<br />
===Introduction===<br />
===Overview===<br />
Pingtan originates in Suzhou,Jiangsu Province in east China during the Song Dynasty. It is a combination of Pinghua and Tanci, and sounds like the water in the south of the Yangtze River, which are interesting, fine and strange. In contrast, Pinghua is as open and surging as Taihu Lake, but Tanci is like a small river running through streets and alleys. Pingtan，Kunqu opera and Suzhou gardens are listed as the "three cultural wonders" of Suzhou.(Tang Lixing, professor in Shanghai Normal University)<br />
===Development===<br />
===1.Embryonic Stage (late Ming Dynasty-Mid-Qing Dynasty)=== <br />
Pingtan, also known as storytelling, can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. The word "Pinghua" originats in the Song Dynasty and is another name for "lecturing on history". Yongle Canon in the Ming Dynasty has preserved the title of Pinghua book; The word "Tanci" was put forward by Tian Rucheng in the Ming Dynasty.(Luo Liwen.Pingtan in Suzhou.Crazy English)<br />
===2.Rising Period (Mid-Qing Dynasty-early Republic of China)===<br />
During the period of Qianlong Dynasty, the most famous Pingtan calligrapher was Wang Zhou Shi whose magnum opus was Legend of the Dragon. Qianlong liked appreciating his playing and singing, and founded the Guangyu Commune, the first institution in the history of Pingtan in 1776. A series of rules and regulations for Pingtan artists were established. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the former Four Famous Artists appeared in the history of Pingtan-Chen Yuqian (founder of Chen Diao), Yao Yuzhang, Yu Xiushan (founder of Yu Diao), Lu Ruiting and the latter Four Famous Artists - Ma Rufei (founder of Ma Diao), Yao Shizhang, Zhao Xiangzhou and Wang Shiquan - were all epoch-making persons. (Sun Yiting.Jiangnan Eelegance- The humanistic history of Suzhou Pingtan.2022.4)<br />
===3.Prosperity Period (Early Republic of China-1949)===<br />
In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the art of Pingtan not only flourished in Suzhou, but also reached to Shanghai. During the golden age of Pingtan from 1920s to 1940s, most famous Pingtan artists gathered in Shanghai. In the fierce artistic competition, the skills of Pingtan were increasingly improved, and various schools came into being. Famous Pinghua representative and their books: Heroes by Xu Jixiang, Golden Gun by Shi Xiufeng, the Three Kingdoms by Zhang Yushu and Tang Gengliang, Buddha Jih by Shen Xiaomei, Bao Gong by Gu Hongbo, etc. Famous Tanci representatives included Xia Hesheng (founder of "Xia Diao"), Zhou Yuquan (founder of "Zhou Diao"), Xu Yunzhi (founder of "Xu Diao"), Shen Jian 'an (founder of "Shen Diao"), Xue Xiaoqing (founder of "Xue Tune"), Zhu Yaoxiang (founder of "Xiang Diao"), Qi Lianfang (Founder of Qi Diao), Pearl Tower by Wei Hanying (Founder of New Wei Diao), Jiang Yuequan (founder of "Jiang Diao"), Zhang Jianting (founder of "Zhang Diao"), Yao Yinmei (founder of "Yao Diao"). (Liu Weiwei.Suzhou Pingtan:The soul Song of Jiangnan Culture)<br />
===4.Heyday (1949-1966)===<br />
After the founding of New China, under the guidance of the literary and art principle of "Let a hundred flowers bloom and bring forth the new through the old", Pingtan entered its heyday.The famous Pinghua artists Yang Zhenxin, Tang Junqi, Zhang Guoliang, Jin Shengbo, Wu Junyu, and the famous Tanci artists Zhu Xueqin (founder of "Qin Diao"), Xu Lixian (founder of "Li Diao"), Zhu Huizhen (successor of "Xinyu Diao") and Hou Lijun (Founder of "Hou Diao"), You Huiqiu (founder of "You Diao"), Xu Tianxiang (founder of "Xiang Diao"), Wang Yuexiang (founder of "Xiang Diao"), Xue Xiaofei (founder of "Xiao Fei Diao") created numerous works.<br />
New historical bibliographies included Butterfly Lovers, Qin Xianglian, and Lute Song. Modern bibliographies included Tracks in the Snowy Forest, Azalea Mountain, A Red Seed, Song of Youth. Under the initiative, Suzhou Pingtan School, the only secondary professional school in China that focuses on training Pingtan art talents, was formally established in 1962. （Hong Yu. Suzhou Pingtan in modern Shanghai under the background of mass media.2015）<br />
===5.Period of Revival (1978-now)===<br />
In 1977, With the proposal of Chen Yun and the consent of the Ministry of Culture, a symposium on Pingtan work was held in Hangzhou. In 1980, Suzhou Pingtan School resumed recruiting students, and made special contributions to the development of Pingtan and the inheritance of the Wu culture. A large number of full-length new works were created such as Jiulongkou, Pearl Case and Sai Jinhua; Medium-length works included The Orphan of Zhao, Ordinary Party Members and Thunderstorm. In 2004 China Suzhou Pingtan Museum, a professional museum with comprehensive functions including animation, artistic creation and performance, and digital informatization, was completed. （Mengxing Fu.Transformation and Inheritance of Suzhou Pingtan in the Context of Intangible Cultural Heritage.2018.）<br />
===Innovative development===<br />
First, the combination of Suzhou Pingtan and TV media greatly advances the current inheritance and development of Suzhou Pingtan. For example, the hit of the TV series "All is Well" has given Suzhou Pingtan a concentrated opportunity to export, which has attracted many audiences. In addition, repertoire innovation is also the key. We must keep up with the hot times, create in line with the current aesthetic, temperature, heat of the Pingtan repertoire.(Li Xuerui.The inheritance and development of Suzhou Pingtan from the perspective of media.2021.2)<br />
===Conclusion===<br />
Pingtan is closely related to the soil of Jiangnan as well as the unique life style, life concept and cultural concept of the people of Wu area. It is the aesthetic carrier of this life mode with its important historical, social, and cultural value. <br />
===References===<br />
[1]Luo Liwen.Pingtan in Suzhou.Crazy English.P44.2022.5<br />
[2]Mengxing Fu.Transformation and Inheritance of Suzhou Pingtan in the Context of Intangible Cultural Heritage.[P]Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Arts, Design and Contemporary Education.2018.<br />
[3]孙伊婷.江南雅韵-苏州评弹的人文历史.江苏文脉P8-11.2022.4<br />
[4]刘巍巍.苏州评弹：江南文化的灵魂之歌.神州风物.2022.2<br />
[5]洪煜. 大众媒介背景下近现代上海的苏州评弹［J].文艺研究，2015（9）：103-111. <br />
[6]黎学锐.传播媒介视角下苏州评弹的传承与发展.新传媒.2021.2<br />
===Terms and Expressions===<br />
Suzhou Pingtan 苏州评弹 Pinghua评话 Tanci弹词 Wu culture吴文化 Yongle Canon《永乐大典》 early Republic of China民国初年 Legend of the Dragon《游龙传》 playing and singing弹唱 the Guangyu Commune光裕社 the former Four Famous Artists前四名家 founder of Chen Diao陈调创始人 Heroes《英烈》 Golden Gun《金枪》 the Three Kingdoms《三国》 Buddha Jih《济公》 Bao Gong《包公》 Pearl Tower 《珍珠塔》New historical bibliographies新编历史书目 Butterfly Lovers《梁祝》 Qin Xianglian《秦香莲》 Lute Song《琵琶记》 Tracks in the Snowy Forest《林海雪原》 Azalea Mountain《杜鹃山》 A Red Seed《红色的种子》 Song of Youth《青春之歌》 Jiulongkou《九龙口》 Pearl Case 《明珠案》 Sai Jinhua《赛金花》 The Orphan of Zhao《赵氏孤儿》Ordinary Party Members 《普通党员》 Thunderstorm《雷雨》<br />
===Questions=== <br />
1.When did Pingtan originate？ A.Tang Dynasty B.Song Dynasty C. Ming Dynasty D.Qing Dynasty<br />
2.What are the two important parts of Suzhou Pingtan? A.Pinghua B.Tanci C.Performer<br />
3.When was the period of revival of Suzhou Pingtan A.1978-now B.1949-1966 C.Early Republic of China-1949<br />
4.When was Suzhou Pingtan School established? A.1949 B.1951 C.1962 D.1965<br />
===Answers===<br />
Correct answers are 1.B 2.AB 3.A 4.C<br />
<br />
=202270081669 谢州周 Xie Zhouzhou 英语笔译(English translation) =<br />
==The development of Chinese hip-hop culture==<br />
<center>谢州周Xie Zhouzhou，202270081669</center><br />
===Abstract===<br />
Hip-hop culture originated in the Blacktown of the United States and then swept the world. However, Chinese hip-hop culture has not been known to the public until recently. This paper aims to introduce the development of Chinese hip-hop culture from the underground to the public.<br />
<br />
===Key Words===<br />
China; Hip-hop culture; development<br />
<br />
===Introduction===<br />
In recent years, with the emergence of rap variety shows in China such as "THE RAP OF CHINA" and "THE RAP OF CHINAⅡ", China's hip-hop culture, which has long been excluded by the mainstream, has begun to gain public attention. More and more people, especially young people, begin to understand the cultural style of hip-hop. This paper aims to introduce the development of Chinese hip-hop culture so that everyone can have a certain understanding of Chinese hip-hop culture.<br />
===The introduction of Break dancing to China===<br />
The first step of introducing hip-hop culture into China was in the form of street dancing. In the 1980s, an American film called Break Dance was all the rage. In 1987, the film was released on the Chinese Mainland and caused a sensation among young people. For Chinese youth at the beginning of reform and opening up at that time, the unique dance movements and costumes in the film brought great shock. Hip-hop culture, which entered China in the form of break dancing, has continued to develop and its influence has gradually expanded. The "break dancing boys" with hot explosive heads, wearing break dancing gloves, bell bottoms, and carrying tape recorders can be seen everywhere in cities from the late 1980s to the early 1990s. The novel and unique dance movements and cool and eye-catching costume modeling in the film have brought a huge impact on the Chinese youth at the beginning of the reform and opening up. Hip-hop culture represented by break dancing has become popular in China.(Chang J,2005)<br />
<br />
===Rap music in China===<br />
Rap, as the core representative of hip-hop culture, developed later than break dancing. The earliest rap art in China can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty.（Michael Eric Dyson,2004:64，66） At present, the earliest modern Chinese rap songs that can be traced are the rap clips from Lin Zixiang's album in 1982. Since then, AHLAM Diary, which was included in his 1986 album Favourite, has also been recognized as the earliest Chinese rap song in China.<br />
In the 1990s, American pure hip-hop music entered the golden age, and rap music was brought to the whole world. L.A.BOYZ, a group composed of Huang Licheng, Huang Lixing brothers and Lin Zhiwen who lived in the United States since childhood, officially launched Flash in Taiwan, China in 1992, bringing true American hip-hop music to Taiwan, China. The D.D. rhythm group established by Dai Bing and Tianbao in 1992 is known as the first rap group in mainland China. Their album Hot Beat includes a series of rap songs such as Do you want to dance, She's so nice, which represents that the Chinese pop music world has officially released rap albums.<br />
Since 2000, China's domestic political and economic situation has been relatively stable, and cultural exchanges between the mainland and Hong Kong and Taiwan have become increasingly frequent. Hong Kong and Taiwan pop music entered the mainland and gradually became the main force in Chinese music. Jay Chou, David Tao and others are Hong Kong and Taiwan singers who began to try hip-hop music in the early days. Jay Chou combines classical poetry and folk instruments in traditional Chinese culture with rap, bringing listeners an unprecedented new musical experience. Jay Chou's attempt at Chinese-style hip-hop rap became the first time for the localization of hip-hop culture and played an important role in the spread of hip-hop culture in China.（Yuan yue，2008）<br />
<br />
=== The development of Chinese hip-hop culture in the underground period===<br />
Hip-hop culture has gradually become popular among certain groups in China. Some underground professional hip-hop groups have also been established. Guangzhou hip-hop groups first started to form the mainland's hip-hop culture. In 2001, Wang Bo cooperated with Burton, an American, to create the IronMic competition, which is also recognized as the beginning of underground hip-hop in China. The competition content is two people's freestyle, and both sides attack each other through rap, which is also called "Battle". Battle usually refers to the war of words between MCs and is also used to refer to the fighting dance in hip-hop dance. Underground Rappers participated in Battles mainly to gain fame in the group and get more supporters. Since then, several underground groups have emerged from all over China. However, the winners of these competitions have not been successfully popularized. No matter how popular they are in the underground hip-hop groups, they are difficult to get admitted by the mainstream culture.（Zhou Xiang, Sheng Jing 2012,127-128）The lyrics generally involve money, sex, and rude words, which basically cut off their way into the mainstream.（Kitwana B,2002）<br />
<br />
===From underground to mainstream===<br />
In 2017, it was portrayed as the "first year of hip-hop" in China by the mass media. This year, the Internet video company "iQiYi" launched its own music variety show "THE RAP OF CHINA", which pushed hip-pop music, which gained relatively little popularity in China to the peak of popularity. Hip-hop culture has gained the public's attention again, and successfully set off a burst of hip-hop craze. (Zhao Ying 2017,44-46) Before that, although hip-hop culture has been accepted and recognized by youth groups and specific groups, it has never been publicized in such a wide range by the mass media. According to the data on iQiyi's official website, as of September 7, 2017, "THE RAP OF CHINA" had a cumulative broadcast volume of 2.99 billion, with a score of 7.2 for Douban. On Sina Weibo, there have been 24.94 million relevant discussions and more than 5.8 billion readers. The mainstream media, such as Xinhua News Agency and Beijing News, have also reported on programs and hip-hop culture. "THE RAP OF CHINA" allowed the long-hidden hip-hop subculture in China to erupt, aggregates the elements in the Chinese local hip-hop chain, and incorporates the hip-hop subculture by means of capitalization. (Meng Yue 2017,109-110) Since then, various hip-hop programs have emerged one after another, and hip-hop culture has also gained public attention with these programs.<br />
<br />
===Conclusion ===<br />
After decades, in China, hip-hop culture has gradually developed from a minority culture to a well-known and favorite culture. Nowadays, hip-hop culture is showing strong vitality in China and has created many excellent works in the process of localization.<br />
===References===<br />
[1]Chang, J. Can’t stop, won’t stop: A history of the Hip-hop generation［M］. New York: St. Martins Press. 2005.<br />
<br />
[2]Michael Eric Dyson, "The Culture of Hip-Hop", in Mark Anthony Neal and Murray Forman (eds.), That's The Joint!: The Hip-Hop Studies Reader, New York: Routledge, 2004, p.64, p.66.<br />
<br />
[3]Kitwana, B. The Hip-Hop Generation: Young Blacks and the Crisis in African American Culture ［M］. New York: BasicCivitas. 2002.<br />
<br />
[4]袁越：《20 世纪最后的草根艺术：Hip Hop 文化发展史》，上海，上海人民出版社，2008年版<br />
<br />
[5]周翔，盛静.Hip Hop 文化中国本土化的研究和探讨[J].三峡大学学报（人文社会科学版),2012,34(S1):127-128.<br />
<br />
[6]赵婴.媒介融合时代小众文化的崛起之光——以《中国有嘻哈》为例[J].声屏世界,2017(11):44-46.<br />
<br />
[7]孟越、从音乐选秀节目《中国有嘻哈》看我国嘻哈音乐的本土化演变[J].西部广播电视，2017(24):109-110.<br />
<br />
===Terms and Expressions===<br />
Hip-hop 嘻哈<br />
<br />
Blacktown 黑人聚居区<br />
<br />
Break dancing 霹雳舞 <br />
<br />
Rap 说唱<br />
<br />
Freestyle 即兴说唱<br />
<br />
IronMic 钢铁麦克 全中国第一个freestyle说唱比赛<br />
<br />
MC Microphone Controller 说唱歌手<br />
<br />
THE RAP OF CHINA 中国有嘻哈<br />
<br />
Subculture 亚文化<br />
<br />
===Questions===<br />
1. Where did hip-hop culture originate？<br />
A.United States<br />
B.United Kingdom<br />
C.China <br />
D.Russia<br />
<br />
2. The earliest rap art in China can be traced back to which period？<br />
A. Xia Dynasty<br />
B.Zhou Dynasty<br />
C.Tang Dynasty<br />
D.Ming Dynasty<br />
<br />
3. Who combines classical poetry and folk instruments in traditional Chinese culture with rap?<br />
A.Jay Chou<br />
B.David Tao<br />
C.Jakson Wang<br />
D.Andy Lau<br />
<br />
4. Which year is s portrayed as the "first year of hip-hop" in China?<br />
A.2015<br />
B.2016<br />
C.2017<br />
D.2018<br />
<br />
===Answers===<br />
Correct answers are:<br />
1. A<br />
2. B<br />
3. A<br />
4. C</div>Xie Jiayuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20221231_LangCult_7&diff=15403120221231 LangCult 72022-12-31T08:56:42Z<p>Xie Jiayu: /* 202270081667 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 英语笔译(English translation) */</p>
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==202270081661 夏盼 Xia Pan 英语笔译(English translation)==<br />
=='''The Contemporary Influence of Three Kingdoms Culture'''==<br />
<center>夏盼 Xia Pan，202270081661</center><br />
==='''Abstract'''===<br />
This chapter mainly discusses the the modern and contemporary influence of three kingdoms culture. The author try to help readers to realize the importance of three kingdoms culture by citing its influence in fields of society, economy and literature and education. On the basis of summarizing the predecessors, the author of this article puts forward his own new insights and views on the future development of the Three Kingdoms culture.<br />
<br />
==='''Key Words'''===<br />
Three Kingdoms Culture, Economic Influence, Literature<br />
<br />
==='''Introduction'''===<br />
Records of the Three Kingdoms is one of the four major historical books, and the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the most popular ancient masterpiece, and the decisive role behind these two books is the Three Kingdoms culture, which has a great impact on our society's economy, education, culture and other aspects. It has far-reaching significance, but there are few articles discussing its impact on today's society in detail. The author will talk about the social influence, economic influence and educational influence of the Three Kingdoms culture, and give some suggestions on the future development of the Three Kingdoms culture.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
As we all know, the Three Kingdoms is one of the four famous masterpieces that are widely known in our country. It has had a significant and far-reaching impact on both our folk and the government. For example, Huang Taiji, the ruler of the early Qing Dynasty, was familiar with the Romance of Three Kingdoms and used it to win wars and achieved major achievements. The problem is that today, few of us discuss the culture of the Three Kingdoms . This is a major neglect and a huge waste of our precious wealth.<br />
Some people think that culture is illusory and useless, but the fact is just the opposite. The influence of culture is profound. Today, the influence of the cultural connotations of the Three Kingdoms has expanded from politics, military affairs, and diplomacy to management, business, and other fields, and has spread from China to the world. Then the question comes to the next step, how should we discover the influence of the Three Kingdoms culture, and how to better inherit and develop the Three Kingdoms culture. In order to explore these issues, the author will start from three aspects to analyze them one by one, trying to present the modern and contemporary significance of the Three Kingdoms Culture to readers.<br />
<br />
'''The Social Significance'''<br />
<br />
Today, the social influence of the Three Kingdoms culture can be seen everywhere. From a social perspective, the influence of the culture of the Three Kingdoms can be said to be ubiquitous. For example, in the Emperor Han, Liu Bei get the young king entrusted in Baidi city. And for another example, Guan luo said：“ Loyalty ,Benevolence ,Filialness and Justice is the foundation of human beings. ” [1] Later, the Chinese nation, under its influence, praised the loyalty culture. Cao Cao ,who was a king in in the Three Kingdoms, used people based on talent rather than family background and wealth. [2] In addition, Cao Cao paid attention to the expertise of all kinds of talents. He inspected and appointed talents in various ways. [3]. Cao Cao's behavior has greatly promoted the formation of the current civil service selection system in China and even in the world.<br />
Westerners say that there are a thousand Hamlets in the eyes of a thousand people, this sentence is exactly the same in the Three Kingdoms culture, people with different occupations and status in society can often learn from it differently, thus promoting the development and transformation of this society. Great politicians, such as Comrade Mao Zedong, learned from Cao Cao's emphasis on the army and logistics supplies in unifying the north, and put forward these ideas that “Power grows out of the barrel of a gun”, and “We must pay attention to the construction of production bases”. From the perspective of the middle and lower classes of society, the culture of the Three Kingdoms also has a profound influence on them. Contemporary industry gatherings such as the Small Knife Club in Shanghai, the Triad Club in Hong Kong, and many overseas Chinese gatherings in the Philippines, etc., they all highly respect Guan Yu(a main character in the Three Kingdoms culture). When encountering major events, they usually burn incense and pray for the blessing of Guan Yu.<br />
<br />
'''The Economic Significance'''<br />
<br />
In contemporary times, the economic influence of the culture of the Three Kingdoms is tremendous. Economic benefits are easier to quantify than social benefits. How common is the economic power of the Three Kingdoms culture in our country? For example, Yi Zhongtian’s speech about the Tree Kingdoms and some historical novels about the Three Kingdoms, but in fact the economic benefits of the Three Kingdoms culture are far more than in this way. For example, Japan’s Koei Company once developed Romance of the Three Kingdoms into a game. Only the 14th game of Romance of the Three Kingdoms has brought it hundreds of millions of yen in revenue. In addition, there are many peripheral products of the Three Kingdoms culture, such as pillows, handmade clothing, etc. Behind the Three Kingdoms culture is a huge gold mine like Himalayan, and the economic benefits are extremely huge. In addition, the tourism industry, in such as Wuhou Temple in Sichuan, Guandi Temple and Tongque Terrace in Hebei, is extremely developed due to the influence of the Three Kingdoms. Tourism of the three kingdoms promotes social prosperity and economic development. [4]<br />
<br />
'''The Educational Significance'''<br />
<br />
Today, the educational significance of the Three Kingdoms culture is very rich. Obviously, the Three Kingdoms is a feast of military affairs, but it is also a big stage for the confrontation of wits and wits. It is the most competitive era in the ages, where many romantic figures emerge and many writers perform the eternal swan song here. Just from the point of view of literature, there are Three Cao literature represented by Cao Cao, Cao Zhi and Cao Pi, which are vigorous and powerful, concerned about people's livelihood, and care about the national future. There are also generous elegiac songs written by the Seven Poets of Jian'an period, which are broad-minded and open, and do not seek fame and wealth. For example, Xu Gan's the Mean Reasoning is regarded as an immortal work. [5]. Scholars can not only absorb literary nutrition from the culture of the Three Kingdoms, but also appreciate a philosophy of life. For example, what Liu Bei said: Don’t do evil things as it is small, and don’t neglect good things as it is small. Zhu geliang said “To be close to virtuous courtiers and alien to knavish ones was what made the dynasty strong and prosperous”.<br />
Historical Background:<br />
<br />
==='''Conclusion'''===<br />
The culture of the Three Kingdoms has a long history,is extensive and profound, and has a profound effect on various fields of our society. We should inherit and carry forward the culture of the Three Kingdoms and innovate the carrier of the Three Kingdoms culture, so as to better innovate Chinese culture and enrich world culture.<br />
<br />
==='''References'''===<br />
[1]（晋）陈寿，三国志【M】北京中华书局，（1982，812）.<br />
<br />
[2] Liu, W. H. . (2004，108). On the conception loyalty in the history of three kingdoms. Journal of Sichuan Teachers College (Social Science).<br />
<br />
[3] Wei, H. . (2012，45). Inspiration that cao cao humanism management thoughts to modern enterprise. Journal of the Party School of C.P.C Guilin Municipal Committee.<br />
<br />
[4] Wei, H. . (2012，45). Inspiration that cao cao humanism management thoughts to modern enterprise. Journal of the Party School of C.P.C Guilin Municipal Committee.<br />
<br />
[5]古川末喜. (1990,17). 建安三国文学思想的新探讨. 中国文学研究(2), 8.<br />
<br />
[6] Chun-Jiao, L. I. . (2016，40). The records of the three kingdoms:the source of all cultures after three kingdoms age. Journal of China West Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences).<br />
<br />
==='''Terms and Expressions '''===<br />
<br />
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms三国演义<br />
<br />
Zhu geliang诸葛亮<br />
<br />
Caocao曹操<br />
<br />
Liubei刘备<br />
<br />
Guan Yu关羽<br />
<br />
Three Cao literature三曹文学<br />
<br />
Seven Poets of Jian'an period建安七子<br />
<br />
To be close to virtuous courtiers and alien to knavish ones was what made the dynasty strong and prosperous亲贤臣远小人此（先汉）之所以兴隆<br />
<br />
Don’t do evil things as it is small, and don’t neglect good things as it is small.勿以而小而为之，勿以善小而不为<br />
<br />
==='''Questions'''===<br />
<br />
1.Who came up with “To be close to virtuous courtiers and alien to knavish ones was what made the dynasty strong and prosperous”? <br />
A Cao Cao <br />
<br />
B Liu Bei<br />
<br />
C Liu Biao<br />
<br />
D Zhuge Liang <br />
<br />
2.Don’t do evil things as it is small, and don’t neglect good things as it is small. Was this sentence proposed by Liu Bei? <br />
<br />
A.True <br />
<br />
B. False<br />
<br />
3.(多选)Who can represent Three Cao Literature of the Three Kingdoms Period? <br />
<br />
A Cao Cao <br />
<br />
B Cao Pi <br />
<br />
C Cao Zhi <br />
<br />
D Cao Zhang<br />
<br />
4.The Emperor Han, Liu Bei get the young king entrusted in Baidi city, False or True?<br />
<br />
A. True<br />
<br />
B. False<br />
<br />
==='''Answers'''===<br />
1.D<br />
<br />
2.A<br />
<br />
3.A,B,C<br />
<br />
4.A<br />
<br />
=202270081699 夏依颐 Xia Yiyi 英语口译(English interpretation)=<br />
=='''The Changes in Women's Clothing in China Since 1840'''==<br />
<center>夏依颐 Xia Yiyi，202270081699</center><br />
<br />
==='''Abstract'''===<br />
This chapter mainly discusses the changes in women’s clothing in China since 1840. In each part, the reasons behind every change and its significance are elucidated. It draws a conclusion that what women wear in different stages in Chinese history is closely related to the economic, political and social realities at that time. Through the changes in women’s clothing, the story of China’s rising as a great country is unfolding.<br />
<br />
==='''Key Words'''===<br />
Changes, women’s clothing, 1840<br />
<br />
==='''Introduction'''===<br />
One’s dress style cannot form without the impact of social environments. To discuss the changes in women’s clothing in China since 1840, this chapter will be divided into four parts, namely the first stage (1840-1911), the second stage (1911-1949), the third stage (1949-1978) and the fourth stage (1978-now).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''The first stage (1840-1911)'''<br />
<br />
Historical Background:<br />
<br />
Since 1840, China has been invaded by imperialists and was forced to sign unequal treaties. The economy, military forces, and culture were manipulated. Although the foundations of the self-sufficient natural economy were destroyed, the system of feudal exploitation still remained intact and combined with the exploitation of comprador and usurer capital. Chinese women won emancipation after hardships.(Mangan J A,2001) The first step was the anti-footbinding movement for which Chinese women paid a very heavy price. (Chen, 2014) However, they gradually contributed their unique power to historical development. Equality between men and women began to emerge. (Chen Si, 2008, 380)<br />
<br />
Women’s Clothing:<br />
<br />
In 1859, many Chinese girls began to wear European-styled shoes and Manchester headscarves. Shanghai was the most influenced city at that time. People who had contact with western traders began to westernize their clothing. Many people began to make purses on their clothes to carry belongings, and many fashionable women began to imitate foreign dress styles. As the first city to open its ports, Shanghai became a metropolis where Chinese and foreigners met and the birthplace of Huayang clothing (Chinese and foreign clothing) in China.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''The second stage (1911-1949)'''<br />
<br />
Historical Background:<br />
<br />
The Revolution of 1911 succeeded, and revolutionaries began to cut off their braids. Long pigtails, a symbol of backwardness, were finally eradicated. And the feudal robes as well as the Manchu-style shoes, hats and clothing were discarded. In addition, Yuan Shikai seized the fruits of the victory of the Revolution to restore the imperial system, so the clothing style revealing restoration became increasingly prevalent. Therefore, new clothes with political implications would be in line with China’s national conditions and characteristics. Chinese tunic suits emerged. (Chen Si, 2008, 380)<br />
<br />
Women’s Clothing:<br />
<br />
Women’s clothing in this period changed a lot. They wore wavy hairstyles and thick underwear to create a sexy image. Most schoolgirls wore semi-sleeve shirts and black silk skirts, and blue-cloth long gown was the leading dress style among them. Daily clothes for grown-up women were still cheongsam. Shanghai became the base of Chinese women’s fashion. As European fashions influenced women in terms of short skirts, underwear and colors, more and more people followed them. Sports lovers started to fancy red pleated skirts with silver trim, and brassieres rather than traditional bellybands.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''The third stage (1949-1978)'''<br />
<br />
Historical Background:<br />
<br />
The restoration of the national economy and democratic reforms were basically completed in 1952. In spite of the headwind, the achievements in building socialism are, on the whole, glorious. From 1949 to 1978, an independent industrial and national economic system was established at a speed unmatched by the developed countries. In the 1950s, China witnessed a great advance in productivity and people’s livelihood. Women were increasingly involved in labor and political activities. Their social status improved significantly. While the single color of clothing can indicate that women were no longer in the subordinate position of pleasing men. (Qin Jie, 2012, 184)<br />
<br />
Women’s Clothing:<br />
<br />
At the beginning of the founding of New China, there was still a shortage of various materials. People had to buy food and fabric with tickets. Beautiful and comfortable clothes were a luxury at that time. Therefore, women’s clothes were monotonous and dull. China advocated manufacturing novel, labor- and material-saving clothes in line with the principles of economy and practicality. From the mid-1960s to the late 1970s, the Cultural Revolution impaired the newly gained confidence of Chinese people in the new dressing culture, and people were unified in the same dress pattern.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''The fourth stage (1978-now)'''<br />
<br />
Historical Background:<br />
<br />
In the late 1980s, with reform and opening up forging ahead, people were once again liberated and society was more inclusive. China’s national culture showed a high degree of “inclusiveness”, indicating a big step towards internationalization.(Amelung Iwo, Haipeng Zhang / Zhai Jinyi, 2021) Updated ideas, prosperous culture and economy offered favorable conditions for clothing diversity. Women in the 21st century play a pivotal role in politics, the economy and other aspects. They have great achievements in areas that men could never have imagined. Women have their own unique views on fashion. Their social status has reached an unprecedented level in human history. (Qin Jie, 2013, 76)<br />
<br />
Women’s Clothing:<br />
<br />
Instead of suits, we choose sportswear; instead of flared trousers, we favor jeans; instead of high heels, we prefer sports shoe brands like Nike and Adidas. In the new era, women are fortunate enough to be able to wear novel and colorful clothes, showing their personalities to the fullest. Women’s standards of beauty are beginning to change. Fashion is gradually transforming and presenting itself everywhere. Chinese women can get to know Parisian fashion news simultaneously. Instead of copying them blindly, they have learned how to borrow the elements.<br />
<br />
==='''Conclusion'''===<br />
<br />
Since 1840, western-styled clothing started to enter the country. After the 20th century, with the spread of new ideas, and the change in the political system and social customs, women’s clothing began to focus on visual beauty showing the elegance of female bodies. With the deepening of democracy, freedom and equality, clothing with western elements was also more widely spread. The change in women’s clothing not only showed us the special course of women’s emancipation, but also China’s modern history.<br />
<br />
==='''References'''===<br />
[1] 程思.从中国服装演变看女性地位[J].安徽文学(下半月),2008(02):380-382.<br />
<br />
[2]秦杰.女性地位较低时期的女装艺术风格表现[J].现代装饰(理论),2012(11):184-185.<br />
<br />
[3] 秦杰.浅谈影响女性服装艺术风格的社会因素[J].美术教育研究,2013(03):76-77.<br />
<br />
[4] Amelung Iwo. Haipeng Zhang / Zhai Jinyi, A Brief Modern Chinese History. Stuttgart, Ibidem 2021[J]. Historische Zeitschrift,2022,314(3).<br />
<br />
[5] Chen. The contested body: the anti-footbinding movement in modern China[J]. Journal of Modern Chinese History,2014,8(2).<br />
<br />
[6] Mangan J A. Prospects for the new millennium: women, emancipation and the body.[J]. The International journal of the history of sport,2001,18(1).<br />
<br />
==='''Terms and Expressions '''===<br />
comprador and usurer capital 买办和高利贷资本<br />
<br />
anti-footbinding movement 不缠足运动<br />
<br />
Huayang clothing 华洋服装<br />
<br />
the Revolution of 1911 辛亥革命<br />
<br />
Chinese tunic suit 中山装<br />
<br />
Cheongsam 旗袍<br />
<br />
Brassiere 胸罩<br />
<br />
Bellyband 肚兜<br />
<br />
Semi-sleeve shirts and black silk skirts 中袖短衫与黑色绸裙<br />
<br />
Red pleated skirts with silver trim 红色镶银边的百褶裙<br />
<br />
the Cultural Revolution 文化大革命<br />
<br />
flared trousers 喇叭裤<br />
<br />
==='''Questions'''===<br />
1.In which event did women pay a heavy price for their emancipation during 1840-1911?<br />
<br />
A.The Cultural Revolution<br />
<br />
B.Anti smoking campaign<br />
<br />
C.Anti-footbinding movement<br />
<br />
D.The Revolution of 1911<br />
<br />
2.Which city was the birthplace of Huayang Clothing?<br />
<br />
A.Guangzhou<br />
<br />
B.Beijing<br />
<br />
C.Shanghai<br />
<br />
D.Hong Kong<br />
<br />
3.（多选）What are the main women’s clothing during 1911-1949?<br />
<br />
A.Semi-sleeve shirts and black silk skirts<br />
<br />
B.Blue-cloth long gown and Cheongsam<br />
<br />
C.Flared trousers<br />
<br />
D.Red pleated skirts with silver trim<br />
<br />
4.（多选）What else can we know through the transformation in women’s clothing?<br />
<br />
A.The special course of women’s emancipation<br />
<br />
B.The spread of new ideas<br />
<br />
C.The change in the political system and social customs<br />
<br />
==='''Answers'''===<br />
1.C<br />
<br />
2.C<br />
<br />
3.A,B,D<br />
<br />
4.A,B,C<br />
<br />
=202270081662 夏紫纯 Xia Zichun 英语笔译(English translation) =<br />
=='''The Application of the New Four Inventions,which are imported from the US to China, and its Role in the Global Dissemination of Chinese Culture'''==<br />
<center>夏紫纯Xia Zichun，202270081662</center><br />
<br />
==='''Abstract'''===<br />
This chapter mainly talks about the development of the New Four Inventions boosted by, their significance and powerful dissemination to the rest of the world. It draws a conclusion that China is overcoming its shortcomings, desperately trying to improve its technological level and achieving major breakthroughs in some important areas.<br />
<br />
==='''Key Words'''===<br />
The New Four Inventions, significance, the Global Dissemination of Chinese Culture<br />
<br />
==='''Introduction'''===<br />
The “Four New Inventions” originated from an internet buzzword born in 2017. (Baidubaike, the “Four New Invention”)In 2018, the Silk Road Institute of Beijing Foreign Studies University launched a survey of international students, in which young people from 20 countries along “the Belt and Road” were asked to pick up “four new Chinese inventions” in their heart. These are their answers: High-speed railways, code payment, bicycle sharing and online shopping. In fact, these four were not invented by China, but were simply misrepresented as being more advanced in their promotion and application in China and more influential abroad.(Chen Fang, Yu Xiaojie, Lu Yongjian, 2017(18):63-65)<br />
<br />
'''High-speed railways'''<br />
<br />
On October 1, 1964, Japan’s Tokaido Shinkansen was officially opened to traffic, and it operated at speeds of up to 210 kilometers per hour. Since then, the world’s first truly high-speed railway was invented by Japan, which marked the arrival of a new era of high-speed railway in the world. As a pioneer of high-speed railways in the world, Japan has accumulated a wealth of experience for China and other countries in the world that have developed high-speed railways, and has transferred some of its technology to these countries for a fee. In March 2006, a train left the Japanese port of Kobe for Qingdao, China, and some of the technology was transferred to China, thus opening up the era of high-speed railways in China.<br />
<br />
'''Payment by code'''<br />
<br />
The code payment model is built on the concept of mobile payments. The first payments made by mobile devices appeared in Finland in 1997. Local media in Finland reported that Finnair Telecom launched a service to operate jukeboxes and beverage vending machines by calling a pay phone number to buy Coca-Cola at Helsinki Airport. The QR code (also known as ‘Quick Response Code’) was invented by the Japanese company DW in 1994.<br />
<br />
'''Bicycle sharing'''<br />
<br />
In 1965, the Dutch municipality of Amsterdam introduced the “White Plan”. In 2007, bicycle sharing was also introduced in France, but only later did the Chinese model become popular and innovative and spread overseas.<br />
<br />
'''Online shopping'''<br />
<br />
The concept of online shopping was invented in 1979 by the Englishman Michael Aldrich. Aldrich used a technology called Videotex to connect ordinary television sets to the computers of local retailers via telephone lines. eCommerce then became popular worldwide after Amazon and eBay launched their own websites in 1995.<br />
<br />
'''The Importance of the New Four Inventions'''<br />
<br />
The high-speed train, the fastest train in China today, is one of the preferred means of travel. High-speed trains can also drive the economic development of cities and promote scientific research and innovation. Alipay is a new generation of wireless payment solutions built primarily on an account system. The emergence of Alipay has greatly reduced the circulation of counterfeit money. In addition, bicycle sharing, also known as public bicycle, is a time-sharing model and a new green sharing economy model. Last but not least, online shopping is also, in a way, a great way to protect one’s privacy, making it the most popular way to shop today.(大社会，2017年（10）：70-71）<br />
<br />
'''The Four Great Inventions in the Global Dissemination of Chinese Culture '''<br />
<br />
In fact, the “low-quality” label that was once attached to Chinese manufacturing has been torn off thanks to high-speed railways. China’s tailor-made electric locomotives for Serbia will run on the busiest freight lines in the Balkan region; China has also received a number of orders for subways from Boston and Los Angeles in the USA. China’s high-speed railways have become a popular product for foreign economic and technical cooperation. The “China Speed” of high-speed rail is also a reflection of the speed at which people’s happiness is increasing. (大社会，2017年（10）：70-71）<br />
<br />
Although online shopping is not the first of its kind in China, the convenience and speed of development of online shopping in China has surpassed that of some developed countries. When you go out or go abroad, you can simply take your mobile phone with you and you can get your food, clothing, shelter and transport all in one place via the internet. There are large and dazzling platforms such as Alibaba, JD.COM and Suning E-shop, as well as various smaller platforms. They are part of China’s online shopping systems and online shopping has also contributed to the world online shopping development. (大社会，2017年（10）：70-71）<br />
<br />
As the first country in the world to invent and use paper money, China is leading the global payment system into a new era. Alipay has been introduced in Paris Spring in France, Harrods in the UK, Finnair, Norwegian Cruises, South African sightseeing buses, and even the Arctic Circle. From airport duty-free shops in Europe to drugstores in Japan, Alipay has been used by more than 100,000 offline merchants in 26 countries and regions. WeChat Pay is also present in 130,000 overseas merchants in 13 overseas regions. The Financial Times, comparing data from market researchers in China and the US, found that China’s mobile payments market was nearly 50 times larger than that of the US in 2016. (大社会，2017年（10）：70-71）<br />
<br />
Last but not least, bike-sharing has reached further corners of the world. Chinese bike-sharing bikes are on the streets of hundreds of cities around the world, including the US, Germany, the UK, Italy and Japan. The small yellow bicycle has entered 16 countries around the world since the start of its globalization strategy. Mobike is also operating in 13 overseas cities, including Washington, London, Manchester and Salford. The bike-sharing enterprise is not only an important business card representing the new height of Chinese intellectual manufacturing and showing the level of Chinese innovation, but also an important manifestation of China’s innovation pattern and momentum. (大社会，2017年（10）：70-71）<br />
<br />
<br />
==='''Conclusion'''===<br />
These “New Four Inventions” have not only enabled the world to witness the amazing changes in China as a result of reforms in the field of science and technology, but have also enabled China to return to the center of the world stage in the new round of technological revolution. The “Four New Inventions” have changed China and influenced the world. The Chinese people are endlessly creative and it is foreseeable that China will continue to create more inventions that will amaze the world.（新四大发明改变人们的生活方式，作文独唱团，2019（08）:72）<br />
<br />
==='''References'''===<br />
<br />
[1]陈芳,余晓洁,鹿永建.高铁、网购、支付宝、共享单车成中国“新四大发明”——标注中国 启示世界[J].重庆与世界,2017(18):63-65.<br />
<br />
[2] “新四大发明”改变人们生活方式[J].课堂内外(作文独唱团),2019(08):72.<br />
<br />
[3] “新四大发明”讲述中国奇迹[J].大社会,2017(10):70-71.<br />
<br />
[4]Ziatyna Hanna（汉娜）. 新四大发明在中国国家形象建构中的作用[D].黑龙江大学,2019.DOI:10.27123/d.cnki.ghlju.2019.001003.<br />
<br />
[5]张姝. 新媒体时代下的四大发明[D].大连工业大学,2014.<br />
<br />
[6]中国将引领“新四大发明”走向全球[J].时代金融,2017(28):60-61.<br />
<br />
[7]新四大发明，百度百科，网址：https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%96%B0%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%91%E6%98%8E/1549722 <br />
<br />
[8]Robotics & Machine Learning[J] 2019.<br />
<br />
[9]Sustainable Cities and SocietyVolume [J] 86, 2022.<br />
<br />
==='''Terms and Expressions '''===<br />
<br />
Alibaba阿里巴巴<br />
<br />
JD.COM京东商城<br />
<br />
Suning E-shop苏宁易购<br />
<br />
Japan’s Tokaido Shinkansen 日本东海岛新干线<br />
<br />
Paris Spring in France法国巴黎春天<br />
<br />
Harrods in the UK英国哈罗德百货<br />
<br />
Finnair芬兰航空<br />
<br />
Norwegian Cruises挪威邮轮<br />
<br />
South African sightseeing buses南非观光巴士<br />
<br />
Mobike摩拜单车<br />
<br />
<br />
==='''Questions'''===<br />
<br />
1. What are the "Four New Inventions" of modern China? <br />
<br />
A. High-speed rail <br />
<br />
B. online shopping<br />
<br />
C. Alipay and bicycle sharing<br />
<br />
2. Which country invented the world's first truly high-speed railway? <br />
<br />
A. Japan<br />
<br />
B. China<br />
<br />
C. America<br />
<br />
3. Which country originally invented bicycle sharing? <br />
<br />
A. China<br />
<br />
B. Germany<br />
<br />
C. The Netherlands<br />
<br />
<br />
==='''Answers'''===<br />
<br />
Correct answers are:<br />
<br />
1. ABC<br />
<br />
2. A<br />
<br />
3. C<br />
<br />
=202270081663 向明慧 Xiang Minghui 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
<br />
=='''Modern Applications of Traditional Chinese Medicine:Disease Prevention and Control, Aromatherapy, Regimen and Cosmetology'''==<br />
<center>向明慧 Xiang Minghui，202270081663</center><br />
<br />
==='''Abstract'''===<br />
<br />
This chapter contains characteristics and modern applications of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Theories of TCM are applied in disease prevention and control, aromatherapy, regimen and cosmetology. Chinese herbal medicine and some ancient prescriptions can be used in innovation of modern medicine, beauties and health-care products. Beside, the concept of health preservation in TCM is in line with modern people’s pursuit of healthy life.<br />
<br />
==='''Key Words'''===<br />
<br />
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM),modern applications, disease prevention and control, aromatherapy, regimen, cosmetology<br />
<br />
==='''Introduction'''===<br />
<br />
TCM could be traced back to a Chinese mythology that Shennong tasted hundred herbs for medical. According to ''Traditional Chinese Medicine in China'' rolled out by the State Council Information Office of the PRC, TCM has five characteristics (1) Holistic view. TCM deems that the relationship between humans and nature is an interactive and inseparable whole. (2) Emphasis on harmony. TCM holds that a person's physical health depends on harmony in the functions of body organs, good mental state, and adaption to different environments. (3) Personalized therapy. TCM treats a disease based on full consideration of the individual constitution and climatic and seasonal conditions. (4) Preventative treatment as a core. TCM advocates that a person's health can be improved through emotional adjustment, balanced labor and rest, a sensible diet, and a regular life. (5) Simplicity. In addition to medication, TCM has many non-pharmacological alternative approaches such as acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping and gua sha. There is no need for complex equipment. <br />
<br />
Though the fundamental notions and theories of TCM are very old they could be used to make new products which meet the requirements of contemporary people.<br />
<br />
==='''Modern Applications of TCM'''===<br />
<br />
'''a.Infectious disease prevention and control'''<br />
<br />
Tu Youyou and her research team established the extraction method of artemisinin based on a great deal of researches on traditional Chinese medicine, inspired by the ''Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergency''. At present, artemisinin and its derivatives are the most effective for the treatment of malaria in the world. Artemisinin combination therapy, used in malaria areas of almost all countries and regions, treats more than 100 million cases a year and has reduced the incidence and mortality of malaria in the world.(Yuan Yanan et al.,2017)<br />
<br />
During Covid-19, Yupingfeng Powder, Zhenqi Fuzheng Preparation, Huoxiang Zhengqi Preparation, Lianhua Qingwen Capsule and other internal medicine are suggested for vulnerable people or those under medical observation with fatigue and fever. Although the above prescriptions have played an important role in the prevention and treatment of Covid-19, it’s not recommended for healthy people take them.(Chen Hongzhi et al.,2020)<br />
<br />
'''b.Aromatherapy of TCM'''<br />
<br />
It refers to the treatment in which smoke, sachet, spray made of aromatic Chinese medicines infiltrate into the body through nasal cavity, skin or oral cavity to exert its efficacy. Plant essential oils and other aromatherapy products are used in massage, bath, smell, and external application to improve metabolism and speed up the elimination of toxins in the body.(Yang Dingquan,2017)<br />
<br />
'''c.Cosmetology and TCM'''<br />
<br />
There are many records of cosmetic prescriptions in Qing Imperial Palace archives. In modern times, people can enhance appearance by using TCM therapies (acupuncture, massage, cupping and gua sha) and beauties containing Chinese herb extracts. If you search for skincare products and cosmetics on Taobao, JD or other Chinese famous online shopping platforms, you may well find lots of choices that boast extractions from Chinese herbal medicine in their product introductions. <br />
<br />
'''d.Regimen and TCM'''<br />
<br />
Taking medicated diet is common in China to improve health. A medicated dish include several ingredients with medicinal benefits like angelica sinensis, codonopsis pilosula, radix astragali, dried lotus seeds, goji berries, jujube, ginseng. Different medicated diets have different effects. For instance, dried lotus seeds decrease internal heat and goji berries are good for eyes. <br />
<br />
People soak their feet in warm water containing Chinese herbs to relieve fatigue and boost blood circulation. Many add goji berries, dried honeysuckle flowers or dried golden chrysanthemums into the hot water of insulated mugs to keep fit.<br />
<br />
Cupping, acupuncture and gua sha are all the rage. Many content creators on varied platforms shared their experiences of receiving TCM therapies. Here is an excerpt from an article by Hannah Seo published in ''New York Times'', Sept. 12, 2022. <br />
<br />
If you scroll through Tiktok and Instagram for long enough, you’ll likely find someone scraping, brushing or massaging their skin in pursuit of better health or an enhanced appearance. Testimonies abound — about body scraping to loosen stiff limbs, gua sha for a sculpted jawline, vibrating facial massagers to reduce puffiness, dry brushing for “detoxing”.<br />
<br />
Many athletes tried acupuncture and cupping to deal with problems like sore muscles and stiff joints. For instance, in Rio Olympics 2016, swimmer Michael Phelps had cupping, leaving a bunch of reddish-purple marks on his body.<br />
<br />
==='''Drawbacks of TCM'''===<br />
<br />
TCM has its shortcomings. For example, it’s difficult to evaluate whether TCM nutrition could play a major role in treatment of various diseases (Zhao Xinyu, et al.,2020). Many TCM prescriptions were based on practitioners’ experience but are lack of evidence-based research. <br />
<br />
Foreign researchers find that TCM methodology for diagnosis and pathology treatment heavily relies on the time of exposure for all ailments. Other limitations of this metanalysis include the many variables of patient demographics, different herbal preparations, and access to funding to purchase such preparations. ( L. Dr A. Varon, D. Varon & J. Varon,2020)<br />
<br />
Therefore, many Chinese doctors tend to combine treatments from TCM and western medicine so as to find optimal therapies for patients. <br />
<br />
<br />
==='''Conclusion'''===<br />
<br />
TCM is a source of inspirations for R&D of modern pharmacy, cosmetology and other fields. Due to its limitations, more researches are to be done on efficacy and safety.<br />
<br />
==='''Terms and Expressions'''===<br />
<br />
regimen 养生<br />
<br />
''Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergency'' 《肘后备急方》<br />
<br />
artemisinin combination therapy 青蒿素联合疗法<br />
<br />
Yupingfeng Powder 玉屏风散<br />
<br />
Zhenqi Fuzheng Preparation 贞芪扶正制剂<br />
<br />
Huoxiang Zhengqi Preparation 藿香正气制剂<br />
<br />
Lianhua Qingwen Capsule 连花清瘟胶囊<br />
<br />
sachet香囊<br />
<br />
cupping拔罐<br />
<br />
gua sha刮痧<br />
<br />
medicated diet药膳<br />
<br />
acupuncture针灸<br />
<br />
aromatherapy 芳香疗法<br />
<br />
cosmetology美容，美容业<br />
<br />
beauties 美容产品<br />
<br />
angelica sinensis当归<br />
<br />
codonopsis pilosula党参<br />
<br />
radix astragali黄芪<br />
<br />
dried lotus seeds干莲子<br />
<br />
goji berries枸杞<br />
<br />
jujube红枣<br />
<br />
ginseng人参<br />
<br />
honeysuckle flowers 金银花<br />
<br />
insulated mugs保温杯<br />
<br />
==='''Questions'''===<br />
<br />
<br />
1.What are the five characteristics of TCM?<br />
<br />
A, Holistic view B. Emphasis on harmony C. Personalized therapy D. Preventative treatment as a core E.Simplicity<br />
<br />
<br />
2.Which kind of therapy is used in malaria areas of almost all countries and regions?<br />
<br />
A.artemisinin combination therapy B. acupuncture C. gua sha D. chalcanthite<br />
<br />
<br />
3.What is Aromatherapy of TCM?<br />
<br />
A.smoke made of aromatic Chinese medicines B. sachet made of aromatic Chinese medicines C. perfume D. spray made of aromatic Chinese medicines<br />
<br />
<br />
4.What kind of TCM treatments are all the rage on social media?<br />
<br />
A.Cupping B. gua sha C. acupuncture D. medicated diet<br />
<br />
==='''Answers'''===<br />
<br />
1.ABCDE<br />
<br />
2.A<br />
<br />
3.ABD<br />
<br />
4.ABC<br />
<br />
==='''References'''===<br />
<br />
1.http://www.scio.gov.cn/zfbps/ndhf/34120/index.htm《中国的中医药》白皮书[Traditional Chinese Medicine in China]<br />
<br />
2.Hou Xianglang and Houmingxia侯香浪，何明霞(2015).''中国文化英语教程'' [An English Course of Chinese Culture]. Wuhan: Wuhan University武汉大学<br />
<br />
3.Yuan Yannan,et al.( 2017)袁亚男, 姜廷良, 周兴, 等. 青蒿素的发现和发展[Discovery and development of artemisinin (in Chinese)].''科学通报'' [Chin Sci Bull](18):1914-1927<br />
<br />
4.Chen Hongzhi,et al.(2020)陈泓志,陈虎博,王晨曦,龚彦溶,向兴,张慧卿.中医常用防疫方药的现代应用[Current application of commonly used traditional Chinese herbal medicine and formulae for preventing severe infectious diseases].''药学服务与研究'' [Pharm Care Res](4):292<br />
<br />
5.Yang Dingquan(2017)杨顶权.中医美容之路——传承创新,整合发展[Chinese Medicine and Cosmetology --Inheritance,Innovation and Development]. ''皮肤科学通报'' [Dermatology Bulletin](6):629<br />
<br />
6.Hannah Seo, ''New York Times'', Sept. 12,2022<br />
<br />
7.Zhao Xinyu, et al.(2020).Nutrition and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM): a system's theoretical perspective. ''European journal of clinical nutrition''(2)<br />
<br />
8. L. Dr Adylle Varon,Daryelle S. Varon & Joseph Varon.(2020).Traditional chinese medicine and COVID-19: should emergency practitioners use it?. ''American Journal of Emergency Medicine ''(prepublish)<br />
<br />
=202270081664 肖家禹 Xiao Jiayu 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
<br />
==The Han Tombs of Mawangdui==<br />
<center>肖家禹 Xiao Jiayu, 202270081664</center><br />
===Abstract=== <br />
This chapter briefly introduces the Han Tombs of Mawangdui, including the origin of the name and the findings of the excavation. The cultural relics excavated from the tombs are of great value in studying the politics, economy, military affairs, culture, science and technology of the early Western Han period.<br />
===Key Words===<br />
the Han Tombs of Mawangdui; the origin of the name; the funeral objects; the female corpse<br />
===马王堆汉墓===<br />
===摘要===<br />
本章简要介绍了马王堆汉墓，包括其名字由来及考古发现。该墓葬出土的文物对研究西汉初期的政治、经济、军事、文化、科学技术等具有重要价值。<br />
<br />
===关键词===<br />
马王堆汉墓；名字由来；随葬物品；西汉女尸<br />
===Introduction===<br />
From 1972 to early 1974, Chinese archaeological workers unearthed 3 tombs of the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC- 25 AD) at Mawangdui of Changsha, Hunan Province, which has attracted great attention at home and abroad. This chapter mainly deals with the archaeological findings of the Han Tombs of Mawangdui.<br />
=== The Origin of the Name===<br />
Mawangdui is located in the eastern outskirts of Changsha, about 4 km from downtown Changsha. In the preceding centuries, it was said that Ma Yin, King of the ducal state of Chu in the Five Dynasties Period (907- 960), was buried here, hence the name "Mawangdui" (the Mound of King Ma). Formerly 2 earthen mounds here were closely linked together in the shape of a horse saddle, thus it was also called "Ma'andui" (the Horse Saddle Mound). In some historical documents it is called "Erfeimu" (the Tombs of Two Concubines), and "Shuangnüfen" (the Tombs of Two Ladies). The opinions about the ownership of the tombs varied widely, and the truth did no come out until the excavation. (熊传薪 2005,1-2)<br />
<br />
=== The Excavation===<br />
It turned out that there were 3 tombs at Mawangdui. The eastern mound was known as Tomb No.1, and the western mound as Tomb No.2. The third tomb was located to the south of Tomb No.1 and was covered up by the sealing soil so that there was no visible trace of its existence.<br />
<br />
The Han tombs were immense. Tomb No.1 was a vertical rectangular earthen pit with a sloping passage way and 4 steps. It was 20.5 m deep from the top of the covering mound to the bottom of the shaft. The pit mouth measured 19.5 m long from north to south and 17.8 m wide from east to west. The outer frame of the chamber measured 6.73 m long, 4.81 m wide, and 41 cm thick. (长沙马王堆二、三号汉墓发掘简报,1974)<br />
<br />
=== The Funeral Objects===<br />
The funeral objects unearthed from the tombs are abundant, such as silk paintings, silk books, weapons, bamboo slips and lacquerware. Among them the silk paintings and silk books reveal much about the past history. <br />
<br />
'''a. Silk Paintings'''<br />
<br />
Both the innermost coffins of Tombs No. 1 and No.3 were covered by T-shaped color paintings on silk. The paintings are of similar subjects: heaven, the human society and the nether world. Well balanced and ingeniously composed, the paintings harmoniously interweave fairy tales with reality. The artistic skills of the paintings make them masterpieces of ancient art. Judging from the shape, content and the positions of the paintings in the tombs, we know that they were funeral banners, which were used in funeral ceremonies to usher the spirit up to heaven. (邓辉,2020)<br />
<br />
On the eastern and western walls of the wooden chamber in Tomb No. 3 were hung 2 rectangular silk paintings. The one on the western wall portrays 100 people, several hundred horses and dozens of chariots. The figure representing the tomb occupant is standing on a high terrace, inspecting his troops before an expedition. Thus, the painting might be entitled "Painting of An Expedition". However, the painting on the eastern wall was in state of advanced decay so that only some remaining parts of houses, chariots, galloping horses and women sailing in boats could be made out. It might be a description of the extravagant life the tomb occupant led before his death. (刘敦愿, 1978)<br />
<br />
'''b. Silk Books'''<br />
<br />
The books copied on silk unearthed from Tomb No. 3 bear over 100,000 characters. They provide a wealth of new data for the study of China's ancient history, philosophical thinking, science and technology.<br />
Among the silk books, there are 2 copied versions of the manuscripts of ''Lao Zi''. (Daniel Sungbin Sou 2016,136) Version A is followed by copies of 4 essays, heretofore believed to be lost, and Version B is preceded by copies of 4 more "lost" essays, i.e. "''On Law''", "''Sixteen Classics''", "''Balance''" and "''The Source of the Way''". （晓菡,1974）<br />
<br />
There are also new historical data of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (770 BC-221 BC): ''Anecdotes and Speeches in the Spring and Autumn Period'', and ''Letters by Political Strategists in the Warring States Period'', as well as ''The Motion of Five Planets and Divination'', ''Studies of Horses'', several chapters of ''The Medical Book'' and ''The Chart of Physical Exercises''. Altogether, there is a total of over 20 valuable books, most of which were believed to have been lost. The discovery of these books is of monumental importance to Han historians in their reconsideration of ancient Chinese history.<br />
<br />
=== The Female Corpse===<br />
What has attracted the greatest attention is the corpse of Xin Zhui, Li Cang's wife, which was well preserved in Tomb No. 1 for over 2,100 years. (Jeffrey K. Riegel 1975,11) The body was 154 cm tall and weighed 34.3 kg. The external appearance was intact, the whole body was moist, the skin covering was complete, and most of the hair remained at its original follicles. Some of the joints were movable to a certain extent and the tissue still maintained certain elasticity, and it swelled and subsided gradually when injected with a preservative fluid. From extensive studies, the woman had suffered from many diseases. <br />
<br />
Comprehensive research was also made into the reasons for the sound preservation of the ancient corpse. Immediately after her death, the body was bathed, wrapped tightly with about 20 layers of shrouds and cloth, and sealed in air tight coffins. The anoxic environment within the innermost coffin was gradually created, which helped retard the decay of the corpse. (Shin Dong Hoon 2018,9)<br />
<br />
The studies of the pathological changes of the ancient corpse, the cause of death and the unearthed Chinese herbal medicine bring to light the situation of the diseases and the applied prescriptions and drugs of traditional Chinese medicine in the feudal society 2,100 years ago, and provide valuable data for the further exploration and systematization of the medical heritage of China.<br />
===Conclusion===<br />
The archaeological findings at Han Tombs of Mawangdui is of monumental importance in modern times. More researches are to be done to learn about various aspects of the early Western Han period so as to make further exploration based on them.<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
[1]熊传薪.马王堆汉墓发掘记[J].大自然探索,2005(04):64-71.<br />
<br />
[2]长沙马王堆二、三号汉墓发掘简报[J].文物,1974(07):39-48+63+95-111.<br />
<br />
[3]邓辉,陈华丽.魂归何处:马王堆一号汉墓T形帛画中的阴阳、神仙思想[J].吉首大学学报(社会科学版),2020,41(01):94-101.DOI:10.13438/j.cnki.jdxb.2020.01.010.<br />
<br />
[4]刘敦愿.马王堆西汉帛画中的若干神话问题[J].文史哲,1978(04):64-73.DOI:10.16346/j.cnki.37-1101/c.1978.04.011.<br />
<br />
[5]Daniel Sungbin Sou. The Old Master: A Syncretic Reading of the Laozi from Mawangdui Text A Onward. By Hongkyung Kim. SUNY Series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2012. Pp. vii + 310. Cloth, $75.00; paper, $26.95[J]. Religious Studies Review, 2016, 42(2): 136-136.<br />
<br />
[6]晓菡.长沙马王堆汉墓帛书概述[J].文物,1974(09):40-44.<br />
<br />
[7]Jeffrey K. Riegel. A Summary of some Recent Wenwu and Kaogu Articles on Mawangdui Tombs Two and Three[J]. Early China, 1975, 1: 10-15.<br />
<br />
[8] Shin Dong Hoon et al. Mummification in Korea and China: Mawangdui, Song, Ming and Joseon Dynasty Mummies. [J]. BioMed research international, 2018, 2018: 6215025.<br />
===Terms and Expressions===<br />
Mawangdui 马王堆<br />
<br />
Ma'andui 马鞍堆<br />
<br />
Erfeimu 二妃墓<br />
<br />
Shuangnüfen 双女坟<br />
<br />
T-Shaped Silk Painting T形帛画<br />
<br />
Usher the spirit up to heaven 引魂升天<br />
<br />
Painting of An Expedition 出征图<br />
<br />
''On Law'' 《经法》<br />
<br />
''Sixteen Classics'' 《十六经》<br />
<br />
''Balance'' 《称》<br />
<br />
''The Source of the Way'' 《道原》<br />
<br />
''Anecdotes and Speeches in the Spring and Autumn Period''《春秋事语》<br />
<br />
''Letters by Political Strategists in the Warring States Period''《战国纵横家书》<br />
<br />
''The Motion of Five Planets and Divination''《五星占》<br />
<br />
''Studies of Horses''《相马经》<br />
<br />
''The Medical Book''《医书》<br />
<br />
''The Chart of Physical Exercises''《导引图》<br />
<br />
Xin Zhui 辛追<br />
<br />
Li Cang 利苍<br />
<br />
===Questions===<br />
1.Which of the following names are the alternatives to Mawangdui?<br />
<br />
A. Ma'andui B. Maoling C. Erfeimu D. Shuangnüfen<br />
<br />
<br />
2.How many tombs are there at Mawangdui?<br />
<br />
A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four<br />
<br />
<br />
3. What new historical data of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were unearthed at Mawangdui?<br />
<br />
A. ''Anecdotes and Speeches in the Spring and Autumn Period'' B. ''Letters by Political Strategists in the Warring States Period'' C. ''The Motion of Five Planets and Divination'' D. ''The Chart of Physical Exercises''<br />
<br />
<br />
4.Which of the following cultural relics excavated from the Han Tombs of Mawangdui has attracted the greatest attention?<br />
<br />
A. A Female corpse B. Silk paintings C. Wooden figurine D. Bamboo slips<br />
<br />
===Answers===<br />
1. A, C, D<br />
<br />
2. C<br />
<br />
3. A, B, C, D<br />
<br />
4. A<br />
<br />
=202270081665 肖娜 Xiao Na 英语笔译(English Translation)=<br />
==='''Chinese Festival:Double Ninth Festival'''===<br />
<center>肖娜 Xiao Na，202270081665</center><br />
<br />
===='''Abstract'''====<br />
<br />
Double Ninth Festival is a traditional festival in China, which plays an pivotal role in carrying forward traditional culture.The chapter mainly introduces the origin and traditional customs and modern values of Double Ninth Festival.<br />
<br />
===='''Key Words'''====<br />
<br />
Origin,Customs ,Modern values,Double Ninth Festival.<br />
<br />
===='''题目'''====<br />
<br />
重阳节<br />
<br />
===='''摘要'''====<br />
<br />
重阳节是中国传统节日，在弘扬中国传统文化中起到至关重要的作用。本论文主要介绍了重阳节的起源、传统习俗及其当代价值。<br />
<br />
===='''关键词'''====<br />
<br />
起源；习俗；当代价值；重阳节<br />
<br />
===='''Introduction'''====<br />
<br />
Chongyang Festival could be traced back ''the Book of Changes'' and it has become popular for many years.<br />
<br />
===='''The origin of Double Ninth Festival''' ====<br />
<br />
Double Ninth Festival, “Chongyang” in Chinese, is also known for Cornel Festival or Chrysanthemum Festival or Chung Yeung Festival.<br />
The origin of "Chongyang" can be traced back to the ancient ''Book of Changes'', “以阳爻为九”(Taking Yang Yao as nine),“爻(Yao)”means the symbols that form the diagrams and the “阳爻(Yang Yao)”means the hexagram of Qian. According to the earliest ancient philosophy, “Yin-Yang School”, the ancient people divided everything in the world into Yin and Yang, and numbers are no exception. （Baidu Baike-“Yang Yao” ）（Chen Yan 2011,58）<br />
In Chinese，nine is regarded as ''yang'' number (which means masculine as supposed to ''yin'' which is feminine). The ninth day of the ninth month is the day that has two ''yang'' members and ''chong'' in Chinese means double, which is how the name Chongyang came into being. ( Hou Xianglang, He Mingxia 2015,173)<br />
Generally speaking, some customs of the Double Ninth Festival have been shown in the social traditional customs of the pre-Qin Dynasty. The Festival, took shape in the Eastern Han Dynasty and was finalized in Six Dynasties, which has been an important traditional festival widely spread among the people now. （Chen Yan 2011,58）<br />
In the year of 1989, Chongyang Festival was designated as Senior's Day-a day to respect the elderly. Many companies organize trips for senior citizens to climb mountains on the day. Members of a family also accompany their elders to have outings. ( Hou Xianglang, He Mingxia 2015,174)<br />
<br />
===='''Traditional customs of the Double Ninth Festival'''====<br />
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'''1.Climbing Mountains'''<br />
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Since the Western Han Dynasty, it has been the custom of climbing on the Chongyang Festival. There was a tradition of filial piety and respect for the elderly. In addition, the custom could drive away bad luck and disasters and “climbing to a higher position”, which are the reasons why ancient people paid much more attention to the custom. Apart from these, the elderly value it because that has a meaning of “climbing to a longer life”. (Baidu Baike-“Double Ninth Festival”) <br />
<br />
'''2. Appreciating Chrysanthemum''' <br />
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September is also known as “chrysanthemum month”. Chrysanthemum, originated in China and was recorded in some Chinese books as early as the Fifth century B.C., which has a beautiful name –the flower of longevity. And the flower is a traditional herbal medicine for the Double Ninth Festival, so drinking chrysanthemum wine and enjoying chrysanthemum are also traditional activities on the Double Ninth Festival (Wang Xiaoying 2006, 95)<br />
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'''3. Drinking Chrysanthemum Wine'''<br />
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Chrysanthemums have the function of antitoxin (抗毒素) and can drive the evil away. Chinese people believe that by drinking chrysanthemum wine, all kinds of diseases and disasters can be cured and prevented. Thus, drinking chrysanthemum wine is an indispensable part of the festival. As nine is pronounced “jiu”, meaning long in Chinese, so people endow the word “jiu” with the meaning of longevity. ( Hou Xianglang, He Mingxia 2015,174)( Rothschild N. Harry.2021,39)<br />
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'''4. Eating Double Ninth Cake''' <br />
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In September, the rice is ripe, which is a kind of food in that reason and considered as sacrifices to ancestors. In China, “Gao (cake)” has the same pronunciation with “Gao (height)”. Therefore, eating cake also means climbing.<br />
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'''5. Ancestors Worship'''<br />
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The Chongyang Festival is one of the four traditional Chinese ancestor worship festivals, and there is a tradition of ancestor worship and blessing among ancient folk. The most fundamental role of sacrificing ancestors is to enhance people's cultural identity and strengthen the cohesion of family and society. In the traditional custom, Qingming Festival is the "spring worship" and Chongyang Festival is the "autumn worship". The traditional custom to pay respect to ancestors has been continued to this day. (Baidu Baike-“Double Ninth Festival”)<br />
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'''6. Wearing Dogwood'''<br />
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This custom originated in the Jin Dynasty，because “Double Ninth” is a symbol of fierce, so wearing dogwood is used for against evil . In addition, the custom is pursuit of beauty and longevity. This custom has faded with the subtle shift of the Double Ninth Festival, its humanistic value has been spread for a long time.(Chen Yan 2011,60)<br />
<br />
===='''The Modern Values of the Double Ninth Festival'''====<br />
<br />
When General Secretary Xi Jinping talked about traditional culture, he once proposed to realize the creative transformation and innovative development of traditional culture, so we should find out the true values of the traditional culture, especially the traditional festival.<br />
Firstly, the historical and cultural resources contained in the Double Ninth Festival are the basis for us to tell the Chinese stories and enhance the spread of Chinese culture. The Ancient books and poetry show us how the ancient people celebrated the festival, which contains profound humanistic spirit that lays the foundation for our understanding and inheritance of the culture of the Festival. These colorful forms of the Festival harmonize the interpersonal relationships, monotonous life of the ancients, and carry the ethics of the ancient Chinese to respect the nature.<br />
Secondly, the Festival could boost the development of traditional industries. The Double Ninth Festival provides inspiration for the research and development and production of catering industry products. The Double Ninth cake, for instance, has a wide variety, rich nutrition and profound cultural connotation, which is combined with modern cakes that will add new varieties. (Ren Zheng 2020,77-78)<br />
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===='''Conclusion'''====<br />
<br />
Chongyang Fsetival contributes to the development of Chinese culture , economy and other fields.We should treat our traditional festival in a right way.<br />
<br />
===='''References'''====<br />
<br />
[1][Ren Zheng]任正.重阳节俗的历史检视与当代价值[The Historical Inspection and Contemporary Value of the Double Ninth Festival][J].山西高等学校社会科学学报[Journal of Social Science of Shanxi Colleges and Universities],2020,32(07):73-80.DOI:10.16396/j.cnki.sxgxskxb.2020.07.<br />
<br />
[2][Chen Yan]陈艳.重阳节的起源及风俗文化[The Origin and Customs and Culture of the Double Ninth Festival][J].内蒙古民族大学学报[Journal of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities],2011,17(03)<br />
<br />
[3][Wang Xiaoying]王小英.重阳节的起源及民俗文化意味[The Origin of the Double Ninth Festival Folk Culture Meaning][J].黑龙江教育学院学报[Journal of Hei longjiang Institute of Education],2006(06)<br />
<br />
[4]百度百科重阳节[Baidu Baike-“Double Ninth Festival”]<br />
<br />
[5]百度百科阳爻[Baidu Baike-“Yang Yao”]<br />
<br />
[6]https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1646788002989805100&wfr=spider&for=pc&searchword.(重阳节的介绍，introduction of Chongyang Festival)<br />
<br />
[7]中国文化英语教程=An English Course of Chinese Culture/侯香浪,何明霞[Hou Xianglang, He Mingxia].-武汉:武汉大学出版社[Wuhan, Wuhan University Press],2015.9<br />
<br />
[8].The Double Ninth Festival[J].时代英语(高二),2022(05):2.<br />
<br />
[9]Rothschild N. Harry. Chrysanthemum Cakravartin: How the Convergence of the Double Ninth Festival and a Buddhist Prophecy of a Female Warrior King Helped Wu Zhao Inaugurate the Zhou Dynasty and Fashion a New Paradigm of Political Authority[J]. Tang Studies,2021,39(1).<br />
<br />
[10]. AsianDate All Set to Usher in China's Double Ninth Festival and Bring Good Luck to Members[J]. M2 Presswire,2015.<br />
<br />
===='''Terms and Expressions'''====<br />
<br />
Double Ninth Festival/ Cornel Festival/Chrysanthemum Festival / Chung Yeung Festival.重阳节<br />
<br />
Book of Changes 《易经》<br />
<br />
the hexagram of Qian 乾卦<br />
<br />
Yin-Yang School阴阳说<br />
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Senior's Day 老人节<br />
<br />
Climbing Mountains登高<br />
<br />
Appreciating Chrysanthemum赏菊<br />
<br />
Drinking Chrysanthemum Wine饮菊花酒<br />
<br />
Eating Double Ninth Cake吃重阳糕<br />
<br />
Ancestors Worship祭祀祖先<br />
<br />
Wearing Dogwood 插茱萸<br />
<br />
===='''Questions'''====<br />
1. When did the Double Ninth Festival take shape?<br />
<br />
A.Eastern Han Dynasty B.Tang Dynasty C.Song Dynasty D.Western Dynasty <br />
<br />
2. What kind of custom means “climb to a higher position”?<br />
<br />
A.Wearing Dogwood B.Eating Double Ninth Cake C.Climbing Mountains D.Ancestors worship<br />
<br />
3. What is called“ the flower of longevity”？<br />
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A.Peony B.Daffodil C.Lotus D. Chrysanthemum <br />
<br />
4. When is “Autumn worship”?<br />
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A.Eating Double Ninth Cake B. Chongyang Festival C.Qingming Festival D.Dragon-boat Festival<br />
<br />
===='''Answers'''====<br />
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1.A<br />
<br />
2.C<br />
<br />
3.D<br />
<br />
4.B<br />
<br />
=202270081666 肖喆琳 Xiao Zhelin 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
<br />
==Chinese Yellow River Valley Civilization==<br />
<center>肖喆琳Xiao Zhelin, 202270081666</center><br />
===Abstract===<br />
The Chinese Yellow River Valley, the earliest developed area in China, is the birthplace of Chinese civilization. It is on this vast land where diligent and brave Chinese ancestors labored and lived, and produced brilliant ancient culture. This chapter aims to make a brief introduction to the Chinese Yellow River and to illustrate the Yellow River Valley Civilization from the prespectives of geographical feature and agricultural civilization.<br />
===Key Words===<br />
civilization; Yellow River Valley; origin<br />
===题目===<br />
中国黄河流域文明<br />
===摘要===<br />
黄河流域是中国最早得到开发的地区，也是中华文明的发祥地。在这片广袤的土地上，勤劳勇敢的中国人辛勤劳作、乐观生活，并创造出璀璨文明。本章旨在对黄河进行简要介绍，从黄河流域文明的地形特征和农耕文明进行阐述。<br />
===关键词===<br />
文明；黄河流域；起源<br />
===A Brief Introduction of the Yellow River===<br />
The Yellow River is the second-longest river in China (after the Yangtze River) and the sixth-longest in the world at the estimated length of 5,464 km. Originating in the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai Province of western China, it flows through nine provinces (Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong Province), and it drains into the Bohai Sea near the city of Dongying in Shandong Province. For thousands of years, the Yellow River has been known as the ‘mother river’ of Chinese nation and the ‘cradle of Chinese civilization’.<br />
===Origin of Chinese civilization in the Yellow River Valley===<br />
The Yellow River is referred to not only as a river, but also the symbol of Chinese nation.<br />
As the Yellow River flows from the Bayan Har Mountains to Bohai Sea, it drains a basin of 745,000 square kilometers, which has been the most prosperous region in early Chinese history. There were people living in the Yellow River Valley as early as about one million years ago, including the Lantian people, Hetao people and Dingcun people.(侯香浪，何明霞 2015) These residents industriously created a remarkable civilization. They not only made material progress for humanity, but also created Paleolithic culture. They discovered the way to make fire and acquired the skills of drilling and polishing tools after continuous practice. They also made crude stone and bone implements in order to hunt and fish.<br />
After the long Paleolithic Age, agriculture and polished stone implements ushered in the Neolithic Age. Afterwards, matriarchy was gradually replaced by patriarchy and wars among tribes arose. Finally, the powerful Yellow Emperor defeated Emperor Yan, laying the foundation for the Huaxia nation. As they mainly lived in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, in the Central Plains (Zhongyuan), the Huaxia nation was also called Zhonghua nation (combination of Zhongyuan and Huaxia). <br />
This is how Chinese culture originated and why all Chinese people regard themselves as the descendants of Emperor Yan and Yellow Emperor, and views the Yellow River as the mother river that created the Chinese culture.<br />
===Geographical Feature===<br />
A river civilization is an agricultural nation or civilization originated along a river while sea civilization is sprouted around seas (Clayton & Dent，1973).The topography along The Yellow River varies greatly, a vast land of lofty plateau, large plains, rolling land and big and small basins surrounded by lofty mountains. As a result,the climate along the Yellow River Valley is diverse with subtropical in the south to subarctic in the north. Monsoon winds, caused by differences in the heat-absorbing capacity of the continent and the ocean, dominate the climate. Alternating season a air-mass movements and accompanying winds are moist in summer and dry in winter. The advance and retreat of the monsoons account in large degree for the timing of the rainy season and the amount of rainfall throughout the country. Tremendous differences in latitude, longitude, and altitude give rise to sharp variations in precipitation and temperature within China. <br />
What's more, Chinese mainland is semi-enclosed. To its east, the vast Pacific loomed unconquerable without advanced navigational equipment and skills. To its southwest, the mountains and tropical forests hindered the Chinese from communicating with their Southeastern Asian neighbors. While to the northwest, the desserts blockaded China from European continent. The Silk Road once linking China and Europe had never become a prominent trading route due to the enormous distance. To the north, the snow-covered wildness stopped the attempted expedition.<br />
Such geographical conditions determined that ancient China was far away and isolated from the other centers of civilization, which on the one hand, ensured the homogeneity and continuity of Chinese culture, on the other hand, encouraged the self-reclusive conservative consciousness, and blind superpower mentality. (杨瑞英，田美 2016)<br />
===Agricultural Civilization===<br />
So far, there have been thousands of discoveries of agricultural sites during the Neolithic Age all across China, especially along the Yellow River and Yangtze River. Sometime around 4000 BC, when the area was much more temperate and forested, populations' around the southern bend of the Yellow River began to practice agriculture. They sowed millet, but sometime later, the Chinese began cultivating rice in the south, near the Huai River. There was a Neolithic，tribal people who used stone tools. They domesticated animals very early while still continued hunting. Remains of game animals were almost as common as domestic animals in these villages. The development of agriculture and domestication of animals allowed people to stay in one spot instead of wandering from place to place following their main food source---animals. Some Neolithic people learned how to plant and raise crops, and keep and raise livestock for food. Now people were put in the situation of living together permanently. As a result, much cooperation was needed for survival and agricultural civilization started to grow. This mode of life to a large extent contributed to the type of culture and civilization. The Chinese thus became a sedentary people with a highly developed agriculture.(Pringle，H. 1998)<br />
===Conclusion===<br />
In Chinese history, the Yellow River is not simply a set of characters on a page and the name of a river. In fact, millennia ago the Chinese civilization emerged from the central region of this basin. The land in the basin was rich, and the farmers needed the rivers for growing crops and for transportation. At the same time, the source of rich land was new soil deposited each year when the rivers flooded. So farmers also worried about flood. This caused them to focus on the control of floods and to exploit the potential of the land.(Yang, X.J 2010) Therefore, in a sense, the rivers provided water for farming crops which had become a catalyst for the growth or civilization.The development of agriculture helped people develop specialized trades and crafts.Based on this agricultural culture Chinese society developed a feudal system which emphasized family ties，patriarchy and royalty. Throughout the history, the excellent location the mild climate, the fertile soil, the abundant resources and the advantageous transportation have made the Yellow River Valley favorable to the development of the Yellow River Valley civilization.<br />
===References===<br />
1.Clayton, P.A.，Dent，J. The Ancient River Civilizations: Western Man & theModern World[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier，1973.<br />
<br />
2.Pringle，H. The Slow Birth of Agriculture[J]. Science，1998，282(5393)，1446<br />
<br />
3.Yang, X.J.Origin of Agriculture and Evolution of Chinese Early Civilization[J]Journal of Anhui Agri Sci.2010，38(25)，14169 - 14170.<br />
<br />
4.Hou Xianglang and Houmingxia侯香浪，何明霞(2015).中国文化英语教程 [An English Course of Chinese Culture]. Wuhan: Wuhan University武汉大学<br />
<br />
5.Yang Ruiying and Tian mei 杨瑞英，田美（2016）.中西文化比较[Chinese and Western Culture: A Comparative Approach]. Xian: Xian Jiaotong University 西安交通大学<br />
===Terms and Expressions===<br />
Bayan Har Mountains 巴颜喀拉山脉<br />
<br />
Bohai Sea 渤海<br />
<br />
Lantian people 蓝田猿人<br />
<br />
Hetao people 河套人<br />
<br />
Dingcun people 丁村人<br />
<br />
Paleolithic culture 旧石器文化<br />
<br />
Neolithic Age 新石器时代<br />
<br />
Matriarchy 母系社会<br />
<br />
Patriarchy 父系社会<br />
<br />
Huai River 淮河<br />
===Questions===<br />
Which one does the Yellow River drains into?<br />
<br />
A.Bohai Sea B.Huanghai Sea C.Donghai Sea<br />
<br />
How many provinces does the Yellow River flow through？<br />
<br />
A.Six B. Seven C. Eight D.Nine<br />
<br />
The Yellow River has been known as the ‘mother river’ of Chinese nation and the ‘cradle of Chinese civilization’.<br />
<br />
Ture False<br />
===Answers===<br />
1.A <br />
<br />
2.D <br />
<br />
3.Ture<br />
<br />
=202270081667 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
==Chinese Liuqing-style bamboo carving==<br />
<center>谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu, 202270081667</center><br />
===Abstract===<br />
As a traditional handicraft of the Chinese nation, Liuqing-style bamboo carving has a long history, a wide range of themes and exquisite craftsmanship. This paper mainly introduces the development, materials, themes, and cultural value of the Liuqing-style bamboo carving.<br />
===Key Words===<br />
Liuqing-style bamboo carving; Intangible cultural heritage; Development<br />
===题目===<br />
中国留青竹刻<br />
===摘要===<br />
留青竹刻作为中华民族的传统手工技艺，历史悠久、题材广泛、工艺精湛。本文主要介绍了留青竹刻的发展历史，选材，创作题材及其文化价值。<br />
===关键词===<br />
留青竹刻；非物质文化遗产；发展<br />
===Introduction===<br />
Liuqing-style bamboo carving is one of the three treasures of Changzhou, Jiangsu Province. It is a national intangible cultural heritage. This kind of bamboo carving is an art form of creating and carving on the skin of bamboo. Craftsmen carve on the surface of the bamboo, removing the green parts except for the pattern and exposing the bamboo muscles as the background color of the pattern. (Zhang Meng 2016, 125)<br />
Liuqing-style bamboo carving is generally divided into five steps. The first step is to draw the pattern. The outline of the artistic image must be clear. The second step is to circle the edge. The carving process cannot be reversed. The third step is to remove bamboo skin and expose the bamboo muscle. Craftsmen must use even force when shoveling bamboo skin. If the force is too great, it is easy to lead to permanent damage of bamboo muscle. If the force is too light, it will not reach the effect and shoveling again will increase the difficulty. The fourth step is to divide layers, which uses knife to carve the detail and different levels on the bamboo skin to show the thick ink and light ink in Chinese painting. The last step is to smooth the surface of the bamboo muscle and to retouch flaws. This process usually takes five or six repetitions before it is finally completed. (Liu Mengjiao 2015, 168)<br />
===Development===<br />
The art of bamboo carving has a long history and began to rise as early as the Western Han <br />
Dynasty. (Yang Chunyan, Xia Yilin 2021, 74) Liuqing-style bamboo carving art originated in the Tang Dynasty, and the Liuqing-style bamboo carving product “Shakuhachi”, carved by the Tang people, is now collected in Shosoin of Japan. “Shakuhachi” is a bamboo musical instrument patterned with flowers and birds. (Qian Kaiyi 2013, 37) Liuqing-style bamboo carving was relatively forthright at first, without using the technique of contrasting bamboo skin with background color to express artistic image. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, the skill was developed, and the works were more finely carved. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuqing-style bamboo carving developed most rapidly. Craftsmen were able to use the techniques of full retention, little retention, and more retention to carve bamboo skin. (Liu Mengjiao 2015, 168) In the late Qing Dynasty, due to the exploitation of the government and the plunder of the imperialist, Liuqing-style bamboo carving gradually declined. After the 1950s, Liuqing-style bamboo carving not only recovered, but also stepped up to a new level. Changzhou, Jiading, Shanghai, Wuxi and other cities have emerged a number of masters. (Zhang Meng 2015, 50) <br />
===Materials===<br />
The materials of Liuqing-style bamboo carving are dainty. Mao bamboos in the deep mountains should be the most suitable materials. The age of bamboo is important. If it is too tender, the bamboo skin will be soft, not resistant to fine carving. If it is too old, the bamboo filament will be very rough, and the carved work do not withstand close scrutiny. Generally speaking, choosing four years old bamboo is better. Winter is the best season to take bamboo, especially at the lowest temperature. At this time, the bamboo has been completely shrunk with high density and good quality. Bamboo joints should be long and straight, without worn sting, color or markings. In order to prevent scratches in the process of cutting, bamboo should be placed gently on the ground when it is cut down. It can prevent the bamboo skin from rubbing with the stones on the ground, which will leave marks. If conditions permit, craftsmen can take the bamboo on the spot and boil it, removing the fat and worm eggs, and wipe the sap on the bamboo with a towel, so that the bamboo is bright and clean. The boiled bamboo should be exposed to the sun for as long as possible. After more than a month, the color of the bamboo will turn pale yellow. If any of the bamboo is cracked, it should be abandoned. The rest without cracking is the good material for carving. (Zhang Meng 2015, 50)<br />
===Themes===<br />
Liuqing-style bamboo carving mainly includes four themes. (1) flowers, plants and trees. It is a very important content, which integrates the artist’s personal characteristics, and most artists often use the form of bamboo carving to express their personal interests, aspirations and ideals, so that Liuqing-style bamboo carving has the artistic conception of humanistic paintings. (Tan Wenru 2021, 142) (2) Fish, insects, birds and beasts. They often express the author’s expectations for good fortune, and many animals are endowed with personality trait. (Zhang Meng 2016, 126) (3) mountains, rivers and pavilions. Although bamboo carving cannot make people feel as magnificent as painting, it can also show the changes of reality and emptiness and inky effect of landscape painting. (Tan Wenru 2021, 142) (4) figures. Liuqing-style bamboo carving carves people’s expressions and movements, which can show their personality and state of mind. (Zhang Meng 2016, 126)<br />
===Cultural value===<br />
As a common material in Chinese people’s life, bamboo not only appears in many fields of people’s life, but also internalizes into people’s spiritual field. Because of this, bamboo is called Chinese bamboo culture. Therefore, bamboo has formed a relatively fixed aesthetic image, and the combination of bamboo natural characteristics with Chinese ethical value has gradually created many spiritual symbols. (Xiao Yingying, Chen Juan 2018, 74) Inspired by the philosophy of “harmony between man and nature”, Liuqing-style bamboo carving makes the natural beauty and artificial beauty harmoniously integrate and advocates to achieve the beautifulness of natural origin with a quiet state of mind and superb skills. Liuqing-style bamboo carving integrates the traditional carving art and art style of literati painting, which has certain cultural value. (Chen Yan, Zhang Xun 2022, 135)<br />
===Conclusion===<br />
Liuqing-style bamboo carving has been included in the intangible cultural heritage of Changzhou with its rich themes, excellent skills, which has high collection value and aesthetic value. We should let more people appreciate its unique charm, so that Liuqing-style bamboo carving has more lasting vitality.<br />
===References===<br />
[1] Zhang Meng张孟. (2016). 留青竹刻的艺术特色演变及发展[The evolution and development of the artistic characteristics of Liuqing-style bamboo carving].中国民族博览 China National Exposition (07) 125-126.<br />
[2] Liu Mengjiao刘梦娇. (2015). 常州留青竹刻传统技艺的嬗变与发展[Evolution and development of traditional technique of Liuqing-style bamboo carving in Changzhou]. 现代装饰(理论) Modern Decoration (Theory) (08) 168.<br />
[3] Qian Kaiyi钱凯一. (2013). 浅谈中国竹刻艺术的流变与传承——以常州留青竹刻为例[On the evolution and inheritance of Chinese bamboo carving art -- Taking Liuqing-style bamboo carving in Changzhou as an example]. 美术教育研究 Art Education Research (09) 37-38.<br />
[4] Zhang Meng张孟. (2015). 浅谈留青竹刻由来与选材[On the origin and material selection of Liuqing-style bamboo carving]. 美术教育研究 Art Education Research (03) 50.<br />
[5] Chen Yan, Zhang Xun陈艳,张珣. (2022). 非物质文化遗产常州留青竹刻的传承与发展[Inheritance and development of Changzhou Liuqing-style bamboo carving, an intangible cultural heritage]. 工业设计 Industrial Design (07) 134-136.<br />
[6] Tan Wenru谭文如. (2021). 浅析常州留青竹刻的艺术特征[A brief analysis of the artistic characteristics of Changzhou Liuqing-style bamboo carving]. 名家名作 Famous Works and Artists (02) 142.<br />
[7] Chunyan Yang, Yilin Xia. (2021). Viewing the Development of Zhejiang Bamboo Carvings from the Perspectives of Category, Subject and Technique. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Art, Design and Contemporary Education（ICADCE 2021）.Ed.. ATLANTIS PRESS 76-81.<br />
[8] Xiao Yingying, Chen Juan. (2018). Research on Innovative Design of “Intangible Cultural Heritage” Bamboo Products. 4th International Conference on Social Science and Contemporary Humanity Development (SSCHD 2018). ATLANTIS PRESS 72-75.<br />
===Terms and Expressions===<br />
bamboo muscle 竹肌 <br />
bamboo skin 竹皮<br />
Shakuhachi 尺八<br />
Shosoin 正仓院<br />
full retention 全留<br />
little retention 少留<br />
more retention多留<br />
literati-official class 士大夫阶层<br />
mao bamboo 毛竹<br />
harmony between man and nature 天人合一<br />
bamboo filament 竹丝<br />
bamboo joint 竹节<br />
===Questions===<br />
1.Which dynasty did the Liuqing-style bamboo carving originate from?<br />
2. Which season of bamboo is most suitable for picking and carving?<br />
3. How many steps do craftsmen usually take in Liuqing-style bamboo carving?<br />
===Answer===<br />
1.Tang Dynasty<br />
2.Winter<br />
3.5<br />
<br />
=202270081668 谢茜敏 Xie Ximin 英语笔译(English translation)=<br />
<br />
==Suzhou Pingtan==<br />
<center>谢茜敏 Xie Ximin, 202270081668</center><br />
===Abstract=== <br />
This essay introduces Suzhou Pingtan, an outstanding representative of the elegant and graceful traditional culture of Jiangnan-the area in the south of the Yangtze River. It originates from the characteristic tradition of Wu culture. As a comprehensive art, it is a combination of Pinghua and Tanci which are interesting, fine and strange , and has a long history of over four hundred years.<br />
===Key Words===<br />
Pingtan; development; Jiangnan culture<br />
===Introduction===<br />
===Overview===<br />
Pingtan originates in Suzhou,Jiangsu Province in east China during the Song Dynasty. It is a combination of Pinghua and Tanci, and sounds like the water in the south of the Yangtze River, which are interesting, fine and strange. In contrast, Pinghua is as open and surging as Taihu Lake, but Tanci is like a small river running through streets and alleys. Pingtan，Kunqu opera and Suzhou gardens are listed as the "three cultural wonders" of Suzhou.(Tang Lixing, professor in Shanghai Normal University)<br />
===Development===<br />
===1.Embryonic Stage (late Ming Dynasty-Mid-Qing Dynasty)=== <br />
Pingtan, also known as storytelling, can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. The word "Pinghua" originats in the Song Dynasty and is another name for "lecturing on history". Yongle Canon in the Ming Dynasty has preserved the title of Pinghua book; The word "Tanci" was put forward by Tian Rucheng in the Ming Dynasty.(Luo Liwen.Pingtan in Suzhou.Crazy English)<br />
===2.Rising Period (Mid-Qing Dynasty-early Republic of China)===<br />
During the period of Qianlong Dynasty, the most famous Pingtan calligrapher was Wang Zhou Shi whose magnum opus was Legend of the Dragon. Qianlong liked appreciating his playing and singing, and founded the Guangyu Commune, the first institution in the history of Pingtan in 1776. A series of rules and regulations for Pingtan artists were established. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the former Four Famous Artists appeared in the history of Pingtan-Chen Yuqian (founder of Chen Diao), Yao Yuzhang, Yu Xiushan (founder of Yu Diao), Lu Ruiting and the latter Four Famous Artists - Ma Rufei (founder of Ma Diao), Yao Shizhang, Zhao Xiangzhou and Wang Shiquan - were all epoch-making persons. (孙伊婷.江南雅韵-苏州评弹的人文历史)<br />
===3.Prosperity Period (Early Republic of China-1949)===<br />
In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the art of Pingtan not only flourished in Suzhou, but also reached to Shanghai. During the golden age of Pingtan from 1920s to 1940s, most famous Pingtan artists gathered in Shanghai. In the fierce artistic competition, the skills of Pingtan were increasingly improved, and various schools came into being. Famous Pinghua representative and their books: Heroes by Xu Jixiang, Golden Gun by Shi Xiufeng, the Three Kingdoms by Zhang Yushu and Tang Gengliang, Buddha Jih by Shen Xiaomei, Bao Gong by Gu Hongbo, etc. Famous Tanci representatives included Xia Hesheng (founder of "Xia Diao"), Zhou Yuquan (founder of "Zhou Diao"), Xu Yunzhi (founder of "Xu Diao"), Shen Jian 'an (founder of "Shen Diao"), Xue Xiaoqing (founder of "Xue Tune"), Zhu Yaoxiang (founder of "Xiang Diao"), Qi Lianfang (Founder of Qi Diao), Pearl Tower by Wei Hanying (Founder of New Wei Diao), Jiang Yuequan (founder of "Jiang Diao"), Zhang Jianting (founder of "Zhang Diao"), Yao Yinmei (founder of "Yao Diao"). (刘巍巍.苏州评弹：江南文化的灵魂之歌)<br />
===4.Heyday (1949-1966)===<br />
After the founding of New China, under the guidance of the literary and art principle of "Let a hundred flowers bloom and bring forth the new through the old", Pingtan entered its heyday.The famous Pinghua artists Yang Zhenxin, Tang Junqi, Zhang Guoliang, Jin Shengbo, Wu Junyu, and the famous Tanci artists Zhu Xueqin (founder of "Qin Diao"), Xu Lixian (founder of "Li Diao"), Zhu Huizhen (successor of "Xinyu Diao") and Hou Lijun (Founder of "Hou Diao"), You Huiqiu (founder of "You Diao"), Xu Tianxiang (founder of "Xiang Diao"), Wang Yuexiang (founder of "Xiang Diao"), Xue Xiaofei (founder of "Xiao Fei Diao") created numerous works.<br />
New historical bibliographies included Butterfly Lovers, Qin Xianglian, and Lute Song. Modern bibliographies included Tracks in the Snowy Forest, Azalea Mountain, A Red Seed, Song of Youth. Under the initiative, Suzhou Pingtan School, the only secondary professional school in China that focuses on training Pingtan art talents, was formally established in 1962. （洪煜. 大众媒介背景下近现代上海的苏州评弹）<br />
===5.Period of Revival (1978-now)===<br />
In 1977, With the proposal of Chen Yun and the consent of the Ministry of Culture, a symposium on Pingtan work was held in Hangzhou. In 1980, Suzhou Pingtan School resumed recruiting students, and made special contributions to the development of Pingtan and the inheritance of the Wu culture. A large number of full-length new works were created such as Jiulongkou, Pearl Case and Sai Jinhua; Medium-length works included The Orphan of Zhao, Ordinary Party Members and Thunderstorm. In 2004 China Suzhou Pingtan Museum, a professional museum with comprehensive functions including animation, artistic creation and performance, and digital informatization, was completed. （Mengxing Fu.Transformation and Inheritance of Suzhou Pingtan in the Context of Intangible Cultural Heritage.）<br />
===Conclusion===<br />
Pingtan is closely related to the soil of Jiangnan as well as the unique life style, life concept and cultural concept of the people of Wu area. It is the aesthetic carrier of this life mode with its important historical, social, and cultural value. <br />
===References===<br />
[1]Luo Liwen.Pingtan in Suzhou.Crazy English.P44.2022.5<br />
[2]Mengxing Fu.Transformation and Inheritance of Suzhou Pingtan in the Context of Intangible Cultural Heritage.[P]Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Arts, Design and Contemporary Education.2018.<br />
[3]孙伊婷.江南雅韵-苏州评弹的人文历史.江苏文脉P8-11<br />
[4]刘巍巍.苏州评弹：江南文化的灵魂之歌.神州风物.2022.2<br />
[5]洪煜. 大众媒介背景下近现代上海的苏州评弹［J].文艺研究，2015（9）：103-111. <br />
===Terms and Expressions===<br />
Suzhou Pingtan 苏州评弹 Pinghua评话 Tanci弹词 Wu culture吴文化 Yongle Canon《永乐大典》 early Republic of China民国初年 Legend of the Dragon《游龙传》 playing and singing弹唱 the Guangyu Commune光裕社 the former Four Famous Artists前四名家 founder of Chen Diao陈调创始人 Heroes《英烈》 Golden Gun《金枪》 the Three Kingdoms《三国》 Buddha Jih《济公》 Bao Gong《包公》 Pearl Tower 《珍珠塔》New historical bibliographies新编历史书目 Butterfly Lovers《梁祝》 Qin Xianglian《秦香莲》 Lute Song《琵琶记》 Tracks in the Snowy Forest《林海雪原》 Azalea Mountain《杜鹃山》 A Red Seed《红色的种子》 Song of Youth《青春之歌》 Jiulongkou《九龙口》 Pearl Case 《明珠案》 Sai Jinhua《赛金花》 The Orphan of Zhao《赵氏孤儿》Ordinary Party Members 《普通党员》 Thunderstorm《雷雨》<br />
===Questions=== <br />
1.When did Pingtan originate？ A.Tang Dynasty B.Song Dynasty C. Ming Dynasty D.Qing Dynasty<br />
2.What are the two important parts of Suzhou Pingtan? A.Pinghua B.Tanci C.Performer<br />
3.When was the period of revival of Suzhou Pingtan A.1978-now B.1949-1966 C.Early Republic of China-1949<br />
4.When was Suzhou Pingtan School established? A.1949 B.1951 C.1962 D.1965<br />
===Answers===<br />
Correct answers are 1.B 2.AB 3.A 4.C<br />
<br />
=202270081669 谢州周 Xie Zhouzhou 英语笔译(English translation) =<br />
==The development of Chinese hip-hop culture==<br />
<center>谢州周Xie Zhouzhou，202270081669</center><br />
===Abstract===<br />
Hip-hop culture originated in the Blacktown of the United States and then swept the world. However, Chinese hip-hop culture has not been known to the public until recently. This paper aims to introduce the development of Chinese hip-hop culture from the underground to the public.<br />
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===Key Words===<br />
China; Hip-hop culture; development<br />
<br />
===Introduction===<br />
In recent years, with the emergence of rap variety shows in China such as "THE RAP OF CHINA" and "THE RAP OF CHINAⅡ", China's hip-hop culture, which has long been excluded by the mainstream, has begun to gain public attention. More and more people, especially young people, begin to understand the cultural style of hip-hop. This paper aims to introduce the development of Chinese hip-hop culture so that everyone can have a certain understanding of Chinese hip-hop culture.<br />
===The introduction of Break dancing to China===<br />
The first step of introducing hip-hop culture into China was in the form of street dancing. In the 1980s, an American film called Break Dance was all the rage. In 1987, the film was released on the Chinese Mainland and caused a sensation among young people. For Chinese youth at the beginning of reform and opening up at that time, the unique dance movements and costumes in the film brought great shock. Hip-hop culture, which entered China in the form of break dancing, has continued to develop and its influence has gradually expanded. The "break dancing boys" with hot explosive heads, wearing break dancing gloves, bell bottoms, and carrying tape recorders can be seen everywhere in cities from the late 1980s to the early 1990s. The novel and unique dance movements and cool and eye-catching costume modeling in the film have brought a huge impact on the Chinese youth at the beginning of the reform and opening up. Hip-hop culture represented by break dancing has become popular in China.(Chang J,2005)<br />
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===Rap music in China===<br />
Rap, as the core representative of hip-hop culture, developed later than break dancing. The earliest rap art in China can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty.（Michael Eric Dyson,2004:64，66） At present, the earliest modern Chinese rap songs that can be traced are the rap clips from Lin Zixiang's album in 1982. Since then, AHLAM Diary, which was included in his 1986 album Favourite, has also been recognized as the earliest Chinese rap song in China.<br />
In the 1990s, American pure hip-hop music entered the golden age, and rap music was brought to the whole world. L.A.BOYZ, a group composed of Huang Licheng, Huang Lixing brothers and Lin Zhiwen who lived in the United States since childhood, officially launched Flash in Taiwan, China in 1992, bringing true American hip-hop music to Taiwan, China. The D.D. rhythm group established by Dai Bing and Tianbao in 1992 is known as the first rap group in mainland China. Their album Hot Beat includes a series of rap songs such as Do you want to dance, She's so nice, which represents that the Chinese pop music world has officially released rap albums.<br />
Since 2000, China's domestic political and economic situation has been relatively stable, and cultural exchanges between the mainland and Hong Kong and Taiwan have become increasingly frequent. Hong Kong and Taiwan pop music entered the mainland and gradually became the main force in Chinese music. Jay Chou, David Tao and others are Hong Kong and Taiwan singers who began to try hip-hop music in the early days. Jay Chou combines classical poetry and folk instruments in traditional Chinese culture with rap, bringing listeners an unprecedented new musical experience. Jay Chou's attempt at Chinese-style hip-hop rap became the first time for the localization of hip-hop culture and played an important role in the spread of hip-hop culture in China.（Yuan yue，2008）<br />
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=== The development of Chinese hip-hop culture in the underground period===<br />
Hip-hop culture has gradually become popular among certain groups in China. Some underground professional hip-hop groups have also been established. Guangzhou hip-hop groups first started to form the mainland's hip-hop culture. In 2001, Wang Bo cooperated with Burton, an American, to create the IronMic competition, which is also recognized as the beginning of underground hip-hop in China. The competition content is two people's freestyle, and both sides attack each other through rap, which is also called "Battle". Battle usually refers to the war of words between MCs and is also used to refer to the fighting dance in hip-hop dance. Underground Rappers participated in Battles mainly to gain fame in the group and get more supporters. Since then, several underground groups have emerged from all over China. However, the winners of these competitions have not been successfully popularized. No matter how popular they are in the underground hip-hop groups, they are difficult to get admitted by the mainstream culture.（Zhou Xiang, Sheng Jing 2012,127-128）The lyrics generally involve money, sex, and rude words, which basically cut off their way into the mainstream.（Kitwana B,2002）<br />
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===From underground to mainstream===<br />
In 2017, it was portrayed as the "first year of hip-hop" in China by the mass media. This year, the Internet video company "iQiYi" launched its own music variety show "THE RAP OF CHINA", which pushed hip-pop music, which gained relatively little popularity in China to the peak of popularity. Hip-hop culture has gained the public's attention again, and successfully set off a burst of hip-hop craze. (Zhao Ying 2017,44-46) Before that, although hip-hop culture has been accepted and recognized by youth groups and specific groups, it has never been publicized in such a wide range by the mass media. According to the data on iQiyi's official website, as of September 7, 2017, "THE RAP OF CHINA" had a cumulative broadcast volume of 2.99 billion, with a score of 7.2 for Douban. On Sina Weibo, there have been 24.94 million relevant discussions and more than 5.8 billion readers. The mainstream media, such as Xinhua News Agency and Beijing News, have also reported on programs and hip-hop culture. "THE RAP OF CHINA" allowed the long-hidden hip-hop subculture in China to erupt, aggregates the elements in the Chinese local hip-hop chain, and incorporates the hip-hop subculture by means of capitalization. (Meng Yue 2017,109-110) Since then, various hip-hop programs have emerged one after another, and hip-hop culture has also gained public attention with these programs.<br />
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===Conclusion ===<br />
After decades, in China, hip-hop culture has gradually developed from a minority culture to a well-known and favorite culture. Nowadays, hip-hop culture is showing strong vitality in China and has created many excellent works in the process of localization.<br />
===References===<br />
[1]Chang, J. Can’t stop, won’t stop: A history of the Hip-hop generation［M］. New York: St. Martins Press. 2005.<br />
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[2]Michael Eric Dyson, "The Culture of Hip-Hop", in Mark Anthony Neal and Murray Forman (eds.), That's The Joint!: The Hip-Hop Studies Reader, New York: Routledge, 2004, p.64, p.66.<br />
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[3]Kitwana, B. The Hip-Hop Generation: Young Blacks and the Crisis in African American Culture ［M］. New York: BasicCivitas. 2002.<br />
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[4]袁越：《20 世纪最后的草根艺术：Hip Hop 文化发展史》，上海，上海人民出版社，2008年版<br />
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[5]周翔，盛静.Hip Hop 文化中国本土化的研究和探讨[J].三峡大学学报（人文社会科学版),2012,34(S1):127-128.<br />
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[6]赵婴.媒介融合时代小众文化的崛起之光——以《中国有嘻哈》为例[J].声屏世界,2017(11):44-46.<br />
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[7]孟越、从音乐选秀节目《中国有嘻哈》看我国嘻哈音乐的本土化演变[J].西部广播电视，2017(24):109-110.<br />
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===Terms and Expressions===<br />
Hip-hop 嘻哈<br />
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Blacktown 黑人聚居区<br />
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Break dancing 霹雳舞 <br />
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Rap 说唱<br />
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Freestyle 即兴说唱<br />
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IronMic 钢铁麦克 全中国第一个freestyle说唱比赛<br />
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MC Microphone Controller 说唱歌手<br />
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THE RAP OF CHINA 中国有嘻哈<br />
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Subculture 亚文化<br />
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===Questions===<br />
1. Where did hip-hop culture originate？<br />
A.United States<br />
B.United Kingdom<br />
C.China <br />
D.Russia<br />
<br />
2. The earliest rap art in China can be traced back to which period？<br />
A. Xia Dynasty<br />
B.Zhou Dynasty<br />
C.Tang Dynasty<br />
D.Ming Dynasty<br />
<br />
3. Who combines classical poetry and folk instruments in traditional Chinese culture with rap?<br />
A.Jay Chou<br />
B.David Tao<br />
C.Jakson Wang<br />
D.Andy Lau<br />
<br />
4. Which year is s portrayed as the "first year of hip-hop" in China?<br />
A.2015<br />
B.2016<br />
C.2017<br />
D.2018<br />
<br />
===Answers===<br />
Correct answers are:<br />
1. A<br />
2. B<br />
3. A<br />
4. C</div>Xie Jiayu